Title: COCA-1W8-2W (part 2)

Word: hinterland
Front: hinterland
[ˈhɪntəlænd] (托宝 18616/15124 -1)
Vocabulary: hinterland
(once / 9456 pages)
n
The hinterlands are affectionately called "the sticks," or the "boonies," short for "boondocks." Use it to specify an area that is far away from a city or town, or even civilization as we know it. Cell-phone reception and cable television aren't guaranteed.
The noun hinterland comes to the English language via Germany: hinter is "behind" + land is, well, "land." It actually refers to the land lying inland — or behind — an ocean coast or river shore, which is why backwaters and hinterlands are used interchangeably. Use hinterlands when you want to make fun of an area's backwardness, or to celebrate its natural beauty: "Coming from the unspoiled hinterlands of Louisiana, she found it hard to adjust to the sights and sounds of the big city."
WORD FAMILY
hinterland: hinterlands
USAGE EXAMPLES
Before independence, Aleppo was integrated into its natural hinterland of eastern and northern Syria, as well as southern Turkey and northern Iraq.
The Guardian(Dec 18, 2016)
Desperate Venezuelans are trekking through the Amazon hinterlands to make it to Brazil.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 01, 2016)
Now, to put it in Mitt Romney language, America’s maker regions will be governed by its taker hinterland.
Seattle Times(Nov 26, 2016)
Back: n. 内陆地区，内地; 穷乡僻壤; 腹地; 内陆贸易区
分布：腹地(65%)，内地(24%)，内陆地区(11%)
→来自德语Hinterland,内陆，来自hinter,后面的，词源同hinder,land,土地。
【记】hinter后面的，land（n 陆地）：内地
US [-tˌɚ-] noun
countable usually singular
■the land behind the coast or the banks of a river, or an area of a country that is far away from cities 内陆，后方地区；穷乡僻壤
hinterlands [plural] US
■a part of the country that is far away from the big city areas 偏僻地区，偏远地区
n. 内地；穷乡僻壤；靠港口供应的内地贸易区
 - inland, outback

Word: cellophane

Word: crisply
Front: crisply
[krɪsplɪ] (18727/22865)
Back: adv. 酥脆地，爽快地
分布：易碎地(60%)，斩钉截铁地(20%)，干脆地(20%)
ADJ-GRADED
(食物)脆的，酥脆的
Food that is crisp is pleasantly hard, or has a pleasantly hard surface.
例：Bake the potatoes for 15 minutes, till they're nice and crisp.将土豆片烤15分钟，直至酥脆。
例：...crisp bacon.脆熏肉
V-ERG
(用加热等方法)(使)变脆
If food crisps or if you crisp it, it becomes pleasantly hard, for example because you have heated it at a high temperature.
例：Cook the bacon until it begins to crisp...把熏肉烹至酥脆。
例：Spread breadcrumbs on a dry baking sheet and crisp them in the oven.把面包屑撒在干燥的烤盘上，然后放在烤箱里烤脆。
N-COUNT
(当零食吃的)油炸土豆片，炸薯片
Crisps are very thin slices of fried potato that are eaten cold as a snack.
例：...a packet of crisps.一袋炸薯片
例：...cheese and onion potato crisps.奶酪和洋葱味炸薯片
ADJ-GRADED
(天气)清新的，凉爽的，干燥的
Weather that is pleasantly fresh, cold, and dry can be described as crisp .
例：...a crisp autumn day.秋高气爽的一天
ADJ-GRADED
(布或纸)洁净的，挺括的
Crisp cloth or paper is clean and has no creases in it.
例：He wore a panama hat and a crisp white suit...他戴着一顶巴拿马草帽，穿着一身挺括的白西装。
例：I slipped between the crisp clean sheets.我钻到崭新洁净的被单底下。
ADJ-GRADED
(树叶或雪)发出脆响的，咯吱作响的
Leaves or snow that make a loud noise when you walk on them can be described as crisp .
例：...crisp autumn leaves...踩上去发出脆响的秋叶
例：He crunched through the crisp snow.他咯吱咯吱地踏雪行进着。
ADJ-GRADED
(写作或讲话)简短干脆的(可能显得不友好)
If you describe someone's writing or speech as crisp, you mean they write or speak very clearly, without mentioning unnecessary details. This may make them seem unfriendly.
例：'Very well,' I said, adopting a crisp authoritative tone.“很好，”我用干脆的命令性的语气说道。
PHRASE
完全烧毁;付之一炬
If something is burnt to a crisp, it is completely burnt.
adv. 清楚地；易碎地
 - definitely, plain, fair, expressly

Word: lifelike
Front: lifelike
[ˈlaɪflaɪk] (18755/22115)
Vocabulary: lifelike
(once / 7032 pages)
adj
Lifelike things look real, but they're not. A lifelike wax figure might look just like Queen Elizabeth, but it's actually a realistic statue.
An artist whose style is described as "realism" probably paints very lifelike scenes, producing paintings that look a lot like photographs. A child's doll might be disturbingly lifelike, made to look like a real live baby. As with many words, this one started life in the seventeenth century with a completely different meaning, "likely to live." The current definition came along about a hundred years later.
WORD FAMILY
lifelike: unlifelike+/ life: lifeless, lifelike, lifer, lifes, lives, pro-life/ lifeless: lifelessly, lifelessness/lifer: lifers/pro-life: pro-lifer/pro-lifer: pro-lifers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some may find her more lifelike than the UN’s latest women’s ambassador, Wonder Woman, just retired after an in-house petition and protest.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
Changing it into film introduces an element of science fiction or fantasy — the movies are too lifelike to be explained by special effects.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
The lifelike, life-size dinosaurs were designed by The Creature Technology Co., which created the enormous creatures for the “Walking with Dinosaurs” arena shows.
Seattle Times(Nov 24, 2016)
Back: adj. 活像真的，栩栩如生的; 逼真; 传神
分布：栩栩如生的(69%)，逼真的(31%)
adjective
■describes something that appears real or very similar to reality 逼真的，维肖维妙的
• a lifelike portrait of the queen 逼真的女王画像
• The mask was so lifelike it was quite frightening. 这个面具如此维肖维妙，还真是吓人。
adj. 栩栩如生的；逼真的
 - visual, realistic, living

Word: gooey
Front: gooey
[ˈgu:i] (18751/33798)
Vocabulary: gooey
(once / 33674 pages)
adj
Gooey things are drippy and soft, as well as sticky. Your very favorite dessert might be a huge, melty, gooey hot fudge sundae.
Few things are more annoying than stepping on something gooey on the sidewalk, or getting a gooey piece of gum stuck in your hair. Gooey candy, likewise, might taste delicious but get stuck in your teeth. The informal gooey is the perfect way to describe these gummy, tacky substances, and it comes from American-coined slang, from goo, probably a shortened form of the now-obsolete burgoo, meaning "thick porridge."
WORD FAMILY
gooey: gooier, gooiest+/ goo: gooey, goos
USAGE EXAMPLES
Remember not to overbake the blondies so they stay gooey and chewy, one of the last indulgences of the season.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
“When you break through the brown sizzling cap, you get a super gooey, creamy texture beneath,” Ms. Christensen said.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 22, 2016)
“The movie succeeds because it at once restrains its sticky, gooey good cheer and wildly overdoes it,” A. O. Scott wrote in The Times.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 胶粘的，感伤的
n. 胶粘物，蜜糖
分布：胶粘的(67%)，胶粘物(33%)
→来自goo, 黏稠物。
['gu:.i] (gooier, gooiest)
adjective
■soft and sticky 软而黏的；黏性的
• a gooey cake 软而黏的蛋糕
adj. 胶粘的；感伤的
 - melting, lentous

Word: pivot
Front: pivot
[ˈpɪvət] (托雅宝 15361/16008 -1)
Vocabulary: pivot
(once / 1510 pages)
nv
To pivot is to turn or rotate, like a hinge. Or a basketball player pivoting back and forth on one foot to protect the ball.
When you're not talking about a type of swiveling movement, you can use pivot to mean the one central thing that something depends upon. The central pivot of your student government campaign, for example, might be longer recess time. Or your plans to go to the beach this weekend could pivot upon whether it rains, as the weather channel has predicted, or gets surprisingly sunny.
WORD FAMILY
pivot: pivotal, pivoted, pivoting, pivots, pivotting+/ pivotal: pivotally
USAGE EXAMPLES
Dayton asked of a pivot to the federal level.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
His sense of humor is disarming, as he pivots from comical to solemn in a split-second.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
John Pomfret: 45 years ago, Kissinger envisioned a ‘pivot’ to Russia.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 枢轴; 中心点，中枢; [物]支点，支枢; [体]回转运动
vi. 在枢轴上转动; 随…转移
vt. 把…放在枢轴上; 以…为核心; 使绕枢轴旋转; 由…而定
adj. 枢轴的; 关键的
时态：pivoted, pivoting, pivots
分布：枢(52%)，旋转(17%)，中心(15%)，在枢轴上转动(6%)，关键的(4%)，装枢轴于(4%)，以 ... 为中心(1%)，在枢轴上转动的(1%)
→来自古法语pivot,绞链，门合页。引申词义中心，枢轴，核心等。
noun countable
■a fixed point supporting something which turns or balances 枢轴；支点
■the central or most important person or thing in a situation 关键人物；枢纽
• The former guerrilla leader has become the pivot on which the country's emerging political stability turns/revolves (= it depends on him). 前游击队领袖成了决定该国的政治局势能否继续稳定下去的关键人物。
n. [力] 枢轴；中心点；旋转运动
 - center, central point
vi. 在枢轴上转动；随…转移
 - be relative to
adj. [力] 枢轴的；关键的
 - key

Word: talking
Front: talking
['tɔ:kɪŋ] (6678/7639)
Back: n. 讲话; （表示对所说的事情感兴趣） 你这话说着了; 提起; 说到
adj. 会说话的; 讲话的; 饶舌的; 富于表情的
v. 说( talk的现在分词 ); 讨论; 说话; （用以强调款额、情况严重程度等）讲的是
分布：谈论(64%)，讲话(24%)，说话的(8%)，有表情的(2%)，动词talk的现在分词形式.(1%)，多嘴多舌的(1%)
VERB
讲话;说话
When you talk, you use spoken language to express your thoughts, ideas, or feelings.
例：He was too distressed to talk...他伤心得讲不出话来。
例：A teacher reprimanded a girl for talking in class...老师斥责了一个在课堂上说话的女生。
V-RECIP
交谈;谈话
If you talk to someone, you have a conversation with them. You can also say that two people talk .
例：We talked and laughed a great deal...我们说笑了很久。
例：I talked to him yesterday...昨天我和他谈过了。
V-RECIP
谈心，倾诉，诉说心事
If you talk to someone, you tell them about the things that are worrying you. You can also say that two people talk .
例：Your first step should be to talk to a teacher or school counselor...你第一步应该是去找老师或学校辅导员谈谈。
例：There's no one she can talk to, and she's on the verge of collapse...她找不到一个可以倾诉的对象，快要崩溃了。
VERB
发表谈话;发表观点
If you talk on or about something, you make an informal speech telling people what you know or think about it.
例：She will talk on the issues she cares passionately about including education and nursery care...她将会谈一些自己十分感兴趣的话题，包括教育和幼儿护理。
例：He intends to talk to young people about the dangers of AIDS.他打算和青年人谈谈艾滋病的危害。
N-PLURAL
(通常指国家、劳资间为达成某种协定的)谈判，商谈
Talks are formal discussions intended to produce an agreement, usually between different countries or between employers and employees.
例：...the next round of Middle East peace talks...下一轮中东和平谈判
例：Talks between striking railway workers and the Polish government have broken down...罢工的铁路工人和波兰政府间举行的谈判已经破裂了。
V-RECIP
磋商;讨论
If one group of people talks to another, or if two groups talk, they have formal discussions in order to do a deal or produce an agreement.
例：We're talking to some people about opening an office in London...我们在和一些人讨论在伦敦设立办事处的事儿。
例：The company talked with many potential investors...公司和许多潜在的投资人举行了磋商。
V-RECIP
会谈;对话;谈判
When different countries or different sides in a dispute talk, or talk to each other, they discuss their differences in order to try and settle the dispute.
例：The Foreign Minister said he was ready to talk to any country that had no hostile intentions...外交部长说他愿意和任何不怀敌意的国家举行会谈。
例：They are collecting information in preparation for the day when the two sides sit down and talk...他们正在收集情报，为双方坐下来谈判的那一天做准备。
VERB
议论;嚼舌;说闲话
If people are talking about another person or are talking, they are discussing that person.
例：Everyone is talking about him...人人都在议论他。
例：People will talk, but you have to get on with your life.人们会有议论，但日子还得过下去。
VERB
(通常指不情愿地)供出，招认，招供
If someone talks when they are being held by police or soldiers, they reveal important or secret information, usually unwillingly.
例：They'll talk, they'll implicate me.他们会招供的，他们会把我牵连进去的。
VERB
讲，说，操(某种语言或口音)
If you talk a particular language or talk with a particular accent, you use that language or have that accent when you speak.
例：You don't sound like a foreigner talking English...听你讲英语，不像是外国人。
例：They were amazed that I was talking in an Irish accent.我说话带爱尔兰口音让他们感到很惊奇。
VERB
谈论，讨论(政治、体育等)
If you talk something such as politics or sport, you discuss it.
例：The guests were mostly middle-aged men talking business.顾客多数是些谈正事的中年男子。
VERB
说，讲(…的话)
You can use talk to say what you think of the ideas that someone is expressing. For example, if you say that someone is talking sense, you mean that you think the opinions they are expressing are sensible.
例：You must admit George, you're talking absolute rubbish.乔治，你得承认你说的全都是废话。
VERB
谈论;讨论
You can say that you are talking a particular thing to draw attention to your topic or to point out a characteristic of what you are discussing.
例：We're not talking a murder here; we're talking poker machines or gambling — things that are misdemeanors in most states...我们现在讨论的不是谋杀，而是扑克机或赌博——这些在多数州只能算轻罪了。
例：We're talking megabucks this time.我们这次谈的可是上百万的买卖。
N-UNCOUNT
(想法、威胁)说说而已，空谈
If you say that something such as an idea or threat is just talk, or all talk, you mean that it does not mean or matter much, because people are exaggerating about it or do not really intend to do anything about it.
例：Has much of this actually been tried here? Or is it just talk?...这个多半已经真正尝试过了吗？还是仅仅说说而已？
例：Conditions should be laid down. Otherwise it's all talk.应该先定下条件，否则全是空谈。
PHRASE
这才叫…;真是
You can say talk about before mentioning a particular expression or situation, when you mean that something is a very striking or clear example of that expression or situation.
例：Took us quite a while to get here, didn't it? Talk about Fate moving in a mysterious way!...我们用了很长时间才走到今天这步，是吧？这就叫命运难测啊！
例：She threw the cake I'd made on the floor and stood on it. Talk about being humiliated!她把我做的蛋糕扔到地上，然后踩在了上面。真是欺人太甚！
PHRASE
我说，说到，谈到(用于引出新话题)
You can use the expression talking of to introduce a new topic that you want to discuss, and to link it to something that has already been mentioned.
例：Belvoir Farms produce a delicious elderflower tea. Talking of elderflower, you might wish to try Elderflower Champagne.贝尔沃农场生产一种非常好喝的接骨木花茶。说到接骨木花，你兴许想尝尝接骨木花香槟酒。
例：As it says in the Bible, my cup is running over. Talking of which, I must get you a cup of tea.正如《圣经》所说，给我恩赐太多了，我的杯子已经满满当当了。说到杯子，我得去给你倒杯茶来。
adj. 说话的，多嘴的；有表情的
 - long-tongued, gabby
n. 讲话，谈论
 - speech
v. 谈论；讲话（talk的ing形式）
 - wording

Word: mammography
Front: mammography
[mæˈmɒgrəfi] (18838/-)
Back: n. 乳房X线照相术
分布：早期胸部肿瘤X射线透视法(100%)
→mammo-,乳房，-graphy,写，记录，术。用于指乳房X光照相术。
US [-'mɑ:.grə-] noun uncountable
■the use of X-ray photographs of the breasts to help discover possible cancers （检查肿瘤的）乳房X光造影检查

Word: porridge
Front: porridge
[ˈpɒrɪdʒ] (高四六宝 18724/11936 -1)
Vocabulary: porridge
(once / 2510 pages)
n
Porridge is a thick, warm type of food similar to oatmeal. It's often a breakfast food.
When you boil oats in milk or water, the end result of porridge. Porridge is served in a bowl and eaten with a spoon. It’s usually served for breakfast and is famous for appearing in the fairy tale of Goldilocks. Porridge is the food that's too hot, too cold, and then just right.
WORD FAMILY
porridge: porridges
USAGE EXAMPLES
Putting porridge on the menu at Canlis was a gutsy move, but Brady Williams upends expectations right and left.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
“But in this porridge, there is no fat,” he added.
New York Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Scientists say the food was a kind of porridge, acting as the staple diet when there was no meat from hunting.
BBC(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 粥; 麦片粥; 稀饭; 肉汤
分布：粥(85%)，麦片粥(15%)
→改写自pottage,浓汤，肉汁，词源同pot.可能是受中古英语porray(韭菜汤)影响，来自拉丁语porrum,韭菜。引申词义面糊，粥。
【记】po破，rri，dge读：纸－把纸撕破了就像麦片
US ['pɔ:r-] noun uncountable
FOOD 食物 mainly UK (US usually oatmeal)
■a thick soft food made from oats boiled in milk or water, eaten hot for breakfast 燕麦粥，麦片粥
UK ['pɒr.ɪdʒ] US ['pɔ:r-] noun uncountable
PRISON 监狱 UK slang
■a period of time spent in prison 关押，监禁
• He did ten years porridge for armed robbery. 他因持械抢劫服了十年刑。
n. 粥，糊；麦片粥
 - parridge, conjee

Word: cognizant
Front: cognizant
['kɒɡnɪzənt] (宝 18735/-)
Vocabulary: cognizant
(once / 2068 pages)
adj
If you are cognizant of what's going on at the table behind you in the lunchroom, that means you know they're plotting to throw peas at your head. If you are cognizant of something, you are aware of or informed about it.
This 19th century adjective derives from Latin cognōscere "to learn." For the English adjective and noun, an older pronunciation with a silent g was in use in legal contexts up until the early 20th century. In law, these terms refer to jurisdiction, or the right of a court to hear a case.
WORD FAMILY
cognizant: cognizance, cognizantly, incognizant+/ cognitive: cognitively, precognitive/cognizable: cognizably, incognizable/ cognizance: cognizances, recognizance /cognize: cognitive, cognizable, cognizant, cognized, cognizes, cognizing/incognizant: incognizance/ recognizance: recognizances
USAGE EXAMPLES
It also means staying cognizant of how food and alcohol affect your liver’s timers.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
The irony is that Uber and Lyft are cognizant that being everyone’s private driver, at current prices, is not a sustainable business model.
Slate(Dec 14, 2016)
By creating a goal, you will be more cognizant of how much you are consuming.
Washington Times(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: adj. 察知的，认识（某事物）的
分布：已认识(50%)，晓得(25%)，既知道(25%)
知晓的(cogn+ize+ant)[cogn=know,表示"知道"]
【反】oblivious（adj 遗忘的）；unaware（adj 不知道的；没觉察到的）
ADJ-GRADED
认识到的；察知的;了解的
If someone is cognizant of something, they are aware of it or understand it.
例：We are cognizant of the problem.我们意识到了这个问题。

Word: no-fly
Front: no-fly
None None
Back: adj. 禁飞的
分布：禁飞的(100%)

Word: localize
Front: localize
[ˈləʊkəlaɪz] (18618/26135)
Back: vt. 使局部化; 使具地方色彩
时态：localized, localizing, localizes
分布：局部化(36%)，使地方化(23%)，集中(19%)，使局部化(15%)，找出……的地点(7%)
→来自local,当地的，-ize,使。
US ['loʊ-] verb transitive
■to limit something to a particular area 将…限制在局部，将…控制在特定范围内
• specialized Gravity has localized the swelling to the foot and ankle. 重力已将肿胀控制在脚部和脚踝处。
■formal
■to find the position of something 确定…的位置，给…定位
• Electricians worked through the night to localize the faulty switches. 电工为了找到出故障的开关工作了一夜。
vt. 使地方化；使局部化；停留在一地方
 - provincialize
vi. 局部化；集中
 - concentrate, focus

Word: winemaker
Front: winemaker
['waɪnmeɪkə(r)] (18920/-)
Back: 葡萄酒酿造者；葡萄酒生产者
分布：酿酒师(100%)
n. 酿酒师（等于winegrower）
 - brewmaster, cellarmaster

Word: keel
Front: keel
[ki:l] (18738/18688 -1)
Vocabulary: keel
(once / 1069 pages)
1n 2v
The keel of a boat is the beam that runs the length of the hull — the body of the boat — and can extend vertically into the water to provide stability.
A keel doesn't just refer to the stabilization of boats. When you're on "an even keel," you're stable and steady. On a bird, the keel (or breastbone) enables a bird to fly. On the other hand, if you keel over, you're quite the opposite, since you've just gone crashing to the floor.
WORD FAMILY
keel: keeled, keeling, keels
USAGE EXAMPLES
Javis Howard and Christian Keeling led Charleston Southern with 14 points each.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
In the show’s third episode, I keeled over with laughter one moment and found myself in tears the next.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
If the Buccaneers want to finish higher in the Big South Conference than predicted - they were picked seventh - they’ll need more big outings from Keeling.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. （船的）龙骨
vt. & vi. 翻身，倾覆
adj. 无龙骨的
时态：keeled, keeling, keels
分布：出问题(50%)，突然倒下(50%)
→词源不详。
noun countable
■the long piece of wood or steel along the bottom of a boat that forms part of its structure and helps to keep the boat balanced in the water （船的）龙骨
[ki:l] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  keel over
PERSON
■to fall over suddenly 突然倒下
• He finished the bottle of whiskey, stood up to leave and keeled over. 他喝完了那瓶威士卡，起身离开时突然倒下。
BOAT
■If a boat keels over, it turns upside down in the water （船）倾覆，翻覆
• The storm raged and they struggled to stop the boat from keeling over. 他们努力使船在狂风暴雨中免于倾覆。
n. [脊椎] [植] [船] 龙骨；平底船；龙骨脊
 - ark, flatboat
vi. 翻倒；倾覆
 - tip, upset

Word: dyad
Front: dyad
[ˈdaɪæd] (18814/46050)
Vocabulary: dyad
(once / 155518 pages)
n
A dyad is a group of two things or two people. If you have a dyad of brothers, there are two of them.
While you can use the noun dyad to mean "pair," "couple," or "duo," it's much more common to find the word used in a technical way. Sociologists, for example, use dyad to refer to social groups that consist of only two people, like a brother-sister dyad or a mother-child dyad. The word stems from the Greek dyas, "the number two," or "a group of two," from duo, "two."
WORD FAMILY
dyad: dyads
USAGE EXAMPLES
Dyads are thought to be of great concern because their ideas feed off each other, reinforcing their beliefs and lending confidence to their plans.
BBC(Dec 11, 2016)
Nearby the short “Coney Island at Night,” from 1905 by Edwin S. Porter, presents the classic dyad of film: the play of light against dark.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
At 19, she interned in the White House for Hillary Clinton, thus beginning  the closely entwined dyad now being played out in this presidential election.
Salon(Nov 05, 2016)
Back: n. 对; 双; 二价元素; 二分体
分布：一对(50%)，二元一位(25%)，二数(25%)
→来自拉丁语dyad, 二，词源two. 用于化学名词二价元素等。
n. 双； [遗] [生物] 二分体；一对； [化学] 二价元素
 - one pair, binary fission
adj. 二的；双的
 - dual

Word: clipper
Front: clipper
[ˈklɪpə(r)] (宝 16596/22256 -1)
Vocabulary: clipper
(once / 3496 pages)
1n 2n 3n
Use the noun clipper when you're talking about an old-fashioned ship with many masts and sails.
Although clippers were mostly used in the nineteenth century for carrying goods across oceans, you can still see them in various harbors today. The name clipper came from the verb clip, which can mean "to move or run rapidly." An entirely different meaning of clipper is the kind you use to trim your toenails or the weeds along the edge of your driveway.
WORD FAMILY
clipper: clippers+/ clip: clipped, clipper, clipping, clips, unclip/clipped: clippedly/clipping: clippings/unclip: unclipped
USAGE EXAMPLES
Clippers center DeAndre Jordan limped throughout the Thunder game after he hurt his left hip and left ankle.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Suns: Monday they travel to Los Angeles to face the Clippers.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The short-handed Clippers lost their fifth game in a row on Friday night, a 140-116 blowout loss in Houston.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 剪刀，理发剪; 剪削者，削取人; （十九世纪的）快速帆船; 快马，移动很快的人或物
分布：理发剪(40%)，大剪刀(30%)，修剪工(15%)，移动很快的人或物(15%)
→来自clip,剪。
N-PLURAL
(尤指剪头发或指甲用的)剪刀;指甲钳
Clippers are a tool used for cutting small amounts from something, especially from someone's hair or nails.
N-COUNT
(旧时的)快速帆船
In former times, a clipper was a fast sailing ship.
n. 快速帆船；大剪刀；剪削者；理发剪
 - shear, prahu

Word: malignancy
Front: malignancy
[məˈlɪgnənsi] (18816/25224)
Back: n. 恶意
分布：恶性(100%)
→来自malignant ,恶性的，-cy,状态后缀。用于指恶性肿瘤。
noun countable or uncountable specialized
■a growth that is likely to get uncontrollably worse and lead to death; the state of being malignant 恶性肿瘤；（疾病或肿块的）恶性
• The malignancy of these tumours makes them difficult to treat. 这些肿瘤是恶性的，很难治疗。
• Tests revealed a malignancy that had to be removed. 检查发现了一个恶性肿瘤，必须切除。
n. 恶性（肿瘤等）；恶意
 - spite, ill will

Word: sandpaper
Front: sandpaper
[ˈsændpeɪpə(r)] (18636/23871)
Vocabulary: sandpaper
(once / 14943 pages)
nv
Sandpaper is a special thick paper with a rough, abrasive surface. Painters will often sand a wall with sandpaper before painting it.
Woodworkers use sandpaper to smooth wooden surfaces, and sandpaper is also useful for removing loose paint, grit, or dirt when you're painting or refinishing something. Sandpaper is thought to have been invented in thirteenth century China, from a crushed substance, often shells or sand, that was glued to parchment with natural gum. In the 1800s, a similar product called "glass paper" was made from crushed glass, which, despite its name, is sometimes still used in today's sandpaper.
WORD FAMILY
sandpaper: sandpapered, sandpapering, sandpapers, sandpapery
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Sandpaper is useless to this kind of wood. But woodworkers who aren’t afraid of that difficulty should definitely enter. It’s a once-in-a-lifetime experience.”
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The instructions often say to scuff with sandpaper, but the texture of your trim tiles probably makes sanding impractical.
Washington Post(Nov 25, 2016)
One student finished sanding a piece of wood, and as the sander slowed down, he put his hand on the still-spinning sandpaper.
Washington Times(Nov 12, 2016)
Back: n. 砂纸
vt. 用砂纸磨光（某物）
时态：sandpapered, sandpapering, sandpapers
分布：砂纸(80%)，打磨(20%)
→sand,磨砂，paper,纸。
US [-pɚ] noun uncountable
■strong paper with sand or a similar rough substance stuck to one side, used for rubbing a surface in order to make it smoother 砂纸
• coarse/fine sandpaper 粗／细砂纸
n. 砂纸
 - abrasive paper, coated abrasive

Word: slicker
Front: slicker
[ˈslɪkə(r)] (18729/33859)
Back: n. 雨衣，骗子，刮子
adj. 顺利而有效的( slick的比较级 ); 不费力的; 圆滑的; 光滑的
分布：雨衣(54%)，骗子(20%)，防水衣(13%)，衣着讲究世故老练的城市佬(13%)
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■ a city slicker
n. 雨衣；骗子； [机] [皮革] 刮刀
 - fraud, sharp, raincoat

Word: renown
Front: renown
[rɪˈnaʊn] (宝 18742/20473)
Vocabulary: renown
(once / 1025 pages)
n
Renown is fame and acclaim — the kind of celebrity that most people only dream about. Renown is not only about celebrity, though; it also means being highly respected in one's field.
Actors, musicians, and artists practice their art, sometimes for many years, to gain the kind of renown, or fame, that will launch their faces onto the covers of magazines and make their name known in every household. Greta Garbo, Luciano Pavarotti, and Salvador Dali all became renowned in their respective fields. They won numerous awards, and who isn't familiar with their names? Even things or places can achieve renown if they offer something worth celebrating. An ice cream parlor can become renowned for its incredible mint chip ice cream, or a bank can be renowned for its excellent customer service.
WORD FAMILY
renown: renowns
USAGE EXAMPLES
The British mystery writer’s second husband, Max Mallowan, was an archaeologist — respected in his field, but with nowhere near the renown of his older wife.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Yet analysts said the IMF itself may not share Lagarde’s renown.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Versatile performer who gained his greatest renown as the beloved dad on the sitcom “Growing Pains.”
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 名望，声誉; 威名; 声威
分布：名望(48%)，声誉(41%)，使有名望(11%)
→来自盎格鲁法语 renoun,名声，来自古法语 renomer,使著名，来自 re-,表强调，-nom,名字，词 源同 name,noun.
[rɪ'naʊn] formal
noun uncountable
■the state of being famous 名誉；声望；声誉
• a woman of great renown 极富名望的女性
• Her renown spread across the country. 她的名声传遍了全国。
renown, honour, fame, glory, reputation
这组词都有“名声，名誉”的意思，其区别是：
renown: 指远近闻名的声誉。
honour: 侧重指因高尚的举止，忠心或诚实而受到公众钦佩和崇敬，得到好名声和荣誉。
fame: 普通用词，含义广，一般指好名声，可大可小，可远可近。
glory: 指因功绩卓著而获得的令人称颂的光荣或荣誉地位。
reputation: 通常指熟悉某人或某地的人对该人、该地的看法，可好可坏。
n. 声誉；名望
 - prestige, fame

Word: shake-up
Front: shake-up
[ˈʃeikˈʌp] (-1)
Back: n. 动摇; 搅动，震动; 权宜之计; 人员变动
分布：动摇(51%)，振作(33%)，骚动(16%)
noun countable usually singular
■a large change in the way something is organized 调整，改组
• The company is undergoing a radical shake-up. 公司正在进行彻底改组。
• The arrival of the new baby caused a thorough shake-up of their family life. 新出生的宝宝彻底改变了他们的家庭生活。
n. 动摇；剧变；振作；权宜之计；人事改组
 - rolling, labefaction

Word: overdrive
Front: overdrive
[ˈəʊvədraɪv] (18734/16615)
Back: vt. 驱使过度，虐待，超速传动
时态：overdrove, overdriven, overdriving, overdrives
分布：驱使过度(50%)，注意力高度集中(25%)，汽车超速档(25%)
US ['oʊ.vɚ-] noun uncountable
■a state of great activity, effort or hard work 超速运作；加倍努力；过度操劳
• The official propaganda machine went into overdrive when war broke out. 战争爆发后，官方的宣传机器开始加速运作。
• The cast were in overdrive, rehearsing for the first performance. 全体演员正为首演加倍努力排练。
vt. 驱使过度；虐待；工作过度
 - abuse, mistreat

Word: above-average
Front: above-average
None None
Back: 平均以上；在一般水准以上
分布：超过平均水平的(100%)

Word: whilst
Front: whilst
[waɪlst] (四六雅 18717/1612 -K3)
Back: conj. 同时; 时时，有时; 当…的时候; <英>同“while”
分布：尽管(100%)
CONJ-SUBORD
同 while（连词）
Whilst means the same as the conjunction while .

Word: endear
Front: endear
[ɪnˈdɪə(r)] (18772/18490 -1)
Vocabulary: endear
(once / 1053 pages)
v
Things that endear you to others — like your sense of humor or your skill at baking chocolate chip cookies — cause them to be fond of you.
The verb endear is almost always followed by the word "to," as in the sentence "The teacher's ready smile and gentle voice endear him to the class of kindergartners." When something endears you to another person, he or she adores you. In the 1500s, endear meant "increase the value of," though it quickly came to mean "make dear," or perhaps to increase the emotional value, especially of another person.
WORD FAMILY
endear: endeared, endearing, endearment, endears+/ dear: dearer, dearly, dearness, dears, endear /dearness: dearnesses/ endearing: endearingly/ endearment: endearments
USAGE EXAMPLES
Like Canada itself, the gray jay is a pleasant surprise, comforting for its lack of pushiness and dramatics, endearing for its wit and poise.
Slate(Dec 30, 2016)
But the core of the xx — an endearing insecurity — hasn’t disappeared.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
All human life was there, for better, for worse, in victory and defeat, chaotic, corrupt, endearing, enraging, inspiring.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 使受喜爱; 使亲密; 使被爱恋
时态：endeared, endearing, endears
分布：使受喜爱(100%)
US [-dɪr] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  endear sb to sb
■to cause someone to be liked by someone 使（某人）受（某人）喜爱（或欢迎）
• [R] She is unlikely to endear herself to her colleagues with such an aggressive approach. 她这种咄咄逼人的态度使她很难受到同事们的欢迎。

Word: apologetically
Front: apologetically
[əˌpɒlə'dʒetɪklɪ] (18625/17012)
Back: adv. 抱歉地
分布：辩解地(60%)，道歉地(40%)
ADJ-GRADED
表示歉意的；认错的；愧疚的
If you are apologetic, you show or say that you are sorry for causing trouble for someone, for hurting them, or for disappointing them.
例：The hospital staff were very apologetic but that couldn't really compensate...医院的工作人员深表歉意，但这真的于事无补。
例：They were almost apologetic about the improvements they'd made...对于他们所做的改进，他们简直感到愧疚。
adv. 道歉地，认错地；辩解地
 - excusingly

Word: precious
Front: precious
[ˈpreʃəs] (高研四六托雅 3989/4109 -2)
Vocabulary: precious
(once / 142 pages)
adjadv
To call something precious is to describe it as highly valued. Think of a gemstone when you call your baby sister precious.
Diamonds, emeralds and rubies are all precious stones and gold and silver are precious metals. If it is something valuable and treasured, it can be called precious too. Fresh water is a precious resource especially in desert countries. Many precious books and painting have been destroyed through fire and war. On a more personal note, guard your memories as they will always be precious to you.
WORD FAMILY
precious: preciosity, preciousest, preciously, preciousness, semiprecious+/preciosity: preciosities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Gold XAU= was sluggish, with the precious metal sliding about 0.1 percent to $1,150.82, after a flat start to the year on Monday.
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
Some critics find Mills’s work quirky or precious; some find it inert.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
If the result is great literature, it would be perverse to judge hearing voices an aberration requiring treatment rather than a precious gift.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 宝贵的，珍贵的; 贵重的; 矫揉造作的; 可爱的，宝贝的
adv. <口>很，非常
n. 珍爱的人; 可爱的人
分布：珍贵的(50%)，宝贵的(45%)，矫揉造作的(3%)，极其(2%)
→来自拉丁语pretium,价格，价值，词源同price,prize.引申词义有价值的，值得珍惜的，珍贵的。
珍贵的(prec+ious→有价值的)[prais,preci=value表示"价值"]
a.珍贵的,贵重的I highly appreciate the preceding man's precious precise exercise.我高度欣赏前面那个人可贵的精确演练.
adjective
VALUABLE 珍贵的
 ADVANCED
■of great value because of being rare, expensive or important 珍贵的，宝贵的
• a precious gift 珍贵的礼物
• a precious moment/memory 宝贵的时刻／记忆
• Clean water is a precious commodity in many parts of the world. 在世界上很多地方洁净的水是昂贵的商品。
• You're so precious to me. 你对我来说就是珍宝。
['preʃ.əs] adjective
NOT NATURAL 不自然的 mainly UK disapproving
■behaving in a very formal and unnatural way by giving too much attention to details that are not important and trying too hard to be perfect 过分讲究的，做作的
• He's so precious about his work that he never gets anything done. 他对自己的工作太讲究了，反而甚么都做不成。
• Don't you hate the precious way she speaks, pronouncing each single consonant so precisely. 她讲话做作的样子真让人讨厌，每个子音都发得那么准确。
['preʃ.əs] adjective
DISLIKE 讨厌
[before noun] informal
■used to express dislike and/or anger （表示讨厌和／或恼怒）宝贝似的
• You and your precious car - it's all you're interested in! 你心里只有你和你那辆宝贝车！
['preʃ.əs] adverb informal
■very 极其，非常
• A lot of people will start, but precious few will finish. 许多人即将开始去做，但极少数能完成。
• Be careful - you'll be precious little help if you come back injured. 小心——如果你受了伤回来就帮不上甚么忙了。
valuable, precious
这组词都有“贵重的，有价值的”的意思，其区别是：
valuable: 指有相当价值，可高价出售的，或有用、有益的东西。
precious: 指因稀罕、不易得到而很值钱，或因本身的品质而具有极大的价值。
adj. 宝贵的；珍贵的；矫揉造作的
 - golden, valued

Word: unmask
Front: unmask
[ˌʌnˈmɑ:sk] (18764/20090)
Back: vt. 除去（某人的）面具，使（某人或某事）露出真相，揭露
时态：unmasked, unmasking, unmasks
分布：揭露(91%)，除去面具(9%)
US [-'mæsk] verb transitive
■to show the bad, and previously hidden, truth about someone or something 使暴露；揭露
• The conspirators were unmasked and summarily shot. 那些阴谋分子被揭露出来，并被即刻枪决。
vt. 撕下……的假面具；揭露
 - reveal, disclose, expose

Word: evacuee
Front: evacuee
[ɪˌvækjuˈi:] (19076/21820 -1)
Back: n. 被疏散者; 被撤离者; 撤退者
分布：被疏散者(60%)，被撤离者(40%)
noun countable
■someone who is evacuated from a dangerous place, especially during a war （尤指战争中的）被撤离者，被疏散者
• Thousands of evacuees crossed the border to safety. 数以千计的被疏散者越过边界到达了安全地带。

Word: anti-drug
Front: anti-drug
None None
Back: adj. 禁毒的；反毒品的
分布：反毒品(100%)

Word: incubate
Front: incubate
[ˈɪŋkjubeɪt] (托宝 18723/10932 -1)
Vocabulary: incubate
(once / 2953 pages)
v
When a chicken sits on an egg, it incubates it. To incubate means to keep something safe and warm so that it can grow.
The word can be used metaphorically to mean to keep something safe in order for it to have time to grow. You incubate a plan or an idea before bringing it into the world, or, metaphorically speaking, hatching it. Premature or particularly small babies are placed into an incubator when they are born. This warm, clean environment helps them to grow.
WORD FAMILY
incubate: incubated, incubates, incubating, incubation, incubator +/incubation: incubations/ incubator: incubators
USAGE EXAMPLES
“What would be really interesting now is to see if small theropod dinosaurs like Velociraptor also incubated slowly,” Brusatte says.
Science Magazine(Jan 02, 2017)
“We incubated the unit separately because it would otherwise have been killed by the main organisation,” explains Bill Ruh, who heads GE Digital.
Economist(Dec 01, 2016)
It incubates more startups than anywhere else in the world.
Salon(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 孵化; 培育
vt. & vi. 孵（卵）; <医>潜伏; 逐渐形成; 潜伏在体内
时态：incubated, incubating, incubates
分布：孵(87%)，逐渐发展(13%)
→in-,进入，使，在上面，-cub,躺，词源同cubicle,succumb.即躺在上面，引申词义孵化，培养。
孵卵,伏巢(in进入+cud+ate→躺在里面→孵卵)[cub,cumb=liedown,表示"躺";cumber=barrier,表示"躺的东西,障碍"]
verb intransitive or transitive
EGG 蛋
■When a bird, etc. incubates its eggs, it keeps them warm until the young come out, and when eggs incubate, they develop to the stage at which the young come out 孵（卵），孵化
• The female bird incubates the eggs for about sixteen days while the male brings food. 雌鸟孵卵16天左右，期间雄鸟负责觅食。
['ɪŋ.kjʊ.beɪt] verb intransitive or transitive
DISEASE 疾病
■When harmful bacteria or viruses incubate, they grow and reproduce in a human or an animal but do not yet produce the effects of disease, and when the body of a person or animal incubates bacteria or viruses, it has them growing and reproducing inside, but does not yet show the effects of disease. （细菌或病毒在体内）潜伏
vt. 孵化；培养；温育；逐渐发展
 - cultivate, rear, plant, foster, nurse
vi. 孵化；酝酿
 - hatch

Word: dislocate
Front: dislocate
[ˈdɪsləkeɪt] (宝 18786/18923 -1)
Vocabulary: dislocate
(once / 2040 pages)
v
To dislocate is to move something out of its correct or regular place, or disrupt it. When a family moves to a new town, it dislocates the kids, and if you throw a bowling ball, you might dislocate your shoulder.
A hurricane can dislocate boats, beach homes, and sea creatures, and a football injury can also dislocate your shoulder — moving the bone out of the joint in which it normally sits. It's painful to dislocate a bone, and it can be painful in a different way when circumstances dislocate your life. The Latin root is dislocare, "put out of place," from dis-, "away," and locare, "to place."
WORD FAMILY
dislocate: dislocated, dislocates, dislocating, dislocation+/bilocation: bilocations/dislocation: dislocations/ locate: dislocate, located, locater, locates, locating, location, locator, relocate /located: unlocated/locater: locaters/ location: bilocation, locations/locator: locators/ relocate: relocated, relocates, relocating, relocation / relocation: relocations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Film language is well equipped to convey the dislocated shifts in time that are characteristic of grieving.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Bridgewater’s prognosis is uncertain after dislocating his left knee and tearing multiple ligaments, including the ACL, in practice in late August.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
John Fulkerson also was in Tennessee’s starting lineup before dislocating his elbow on Dec. 15.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vt. 使关节脱位; 使（交通，事务等）混乱
时态：dislocated, dislocating, dislocates
分布：使脱臼(58%)，使混乱(42%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。locate, 位于，放置。即脱离原来位置，脱臼。
使脱节,移位(dis离开+locate位于→位置离开→移位)[loc=place,表示"地方"]
【记】locate（v位于；定位）
US [dɪ'sloʊ-] verb transitive
■to force a bone suddenly out of its correct position 使骨头错位（或移位、脱臼）
• She dislocated her knee falling down some steps. 她从几级台阶上摔下来，造成膝盖骨错位。
■to have a negative effect on the working of something 扰乱，干扰
vt. 使脱臼；使混乱
 - cloud, confuse

Word: pilings

Word: staid
Front: staid
[steɪd] (宝 18779/19440)
Vocabulary: staid
(once / 1098 pages)
adj
Something that is staid is dignified, respectable — possibly even boring, like a staid dinner party that is heavy on the important guests but light on the laughs.
Staid is pronounced just like "stayed" — in fact, it comes from stay, meaning "fixed" or "permanent." Something that is staid is sedate, slightly dull, and tends to stay the same. Whether it’s a middle-class lifestyle, a conservative law firm, your unadventurous aunt, or an old navy plaid sofa, the word staid can be used to describe anything that maintains a respectable self-restraint and takes no chances.
WORD FAMILY
staid: staider, staidest, staidly, staidness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Similarly, the Cubs will win no more World Series, and the Nobel Prize in Literature will return to the staid, plaid-covered arms of traditional authors.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
This is clearly true, since the traditional “Happy Birthday” isn’t even celebratory; it’s a staid musical obligation in the bleak face of aging.
Slate(Dec 20, 2016)
Dinners with my Republican relatives were acrimonious, especially when my oldest brother turned into a staid doctor, raising four kids in the Midwest like Dad.
Salon(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: adj. 古板的，保守的，一本正经的
adv. 一本正经地
级别：staider, staidest
分布：固定的(42%)，保守的(35%)，一本正经的(23%)
→来自 stay 的过去分词古拼写形式，引申比喻义古板的，一本正经的。
稳重的(sta[=stay]+id)[-id表形容词"如…的"]
【记】sta站，id：站住不动－镇定自若的；严肃的
【反】jaunty（adj 轻松活泼的）；puckish（adj 淘气的）
adjective
■serious, boring and slightly old-fashioned 严肃无趣的；一本正经的；古板的
• In an attempt to change its staid image, the newspaper has created a new section aimed at younger readers. 那家报纸为改变其古板的形象，开设了一个针对年轻读者的新版面。
adj. 固定的；沉着的；沉静的
 - composed, standing, settled, calm, steady

Word: nation-building
Front: nation-building
['neɪʃnb'ɪldɪŋ] None
Back: n. 国家建构，民族塑造（指旨在构建民族认同感的政府方针）
分布：国家建设(100%)
N-UNCOUNT
国家建构，民族塑造(指旨在构建民族认同感的政府方针)
Journalists sometimes use nation-building to refer to government policies that are designed to create a strong sense of national identity.
例：...calling for reconciliation and nation building after the bitter election campaign...竞争异常激烈的选举活动过后，对民族和解及国家建构的呼声
例：This revolutionary expansion required energetic nation-building policies.这种跨越式的扩张需要有活力的国家建设政策。

Word: have-not
Front: have-not
['hævnɒt] None
Back: n. 穷人，贫穷国家
分布：贫穷国家(60%)，穷人(40%)
n. 穷人；贫穷国家；无恒产者
 - the poor, Lazarus

Word: cheetah
Front: cheetah
[ˈtʃi:tə] (宝 18645/17303)
Back: n. <动>（奔跑极快的）非洲猎豹
分布：猎豹(100%)
→来自梵语，来自skai, 照耀，闪光，词源同shine. 因猎豹身上闪耀的黑斑而得名。
【记】cheet＝cheat（v 骗人）：因为它的身上有金钱状斑点，所以我总是误以为天上掉馅饼了。走进一看！原来是豹子！不过我的短跑时速是100公里，正好能逃走，给大家写书。
US [-tˌə] noun countable
■a wild animal of the cat family, with yellowish brown fur and black spots, which can run faster than any other animal 猎豹
• Cheetahs are mainly found in Africa. 猎豹主要生活在非洲。

Word: state-sponsored

Word: preconceived
Front: preconceived
[ˌpri:kənˈsi:vd] (18780/20006)
Vocabulary: preconceived
(once / 4842 pages)
adj
When you already have an opinion about something before you've given it much thought, you can call that a preconceived idea. Many people have preconceived ideas about teenagers.
It's almost always an idea or opinion that's described as preconceived. You might have preconceived ideas about what college will be like — in other words, you've formed a strong sense of what the experience will be before knowing much about it. Most preconceived ideas don't come from strong evidence, and many aren't true. The adjective is formed from pre, "before," and conceived, which here means "taken into the mind," from the Latin concipere, "to take in and hold."
WORD FAMILY
preconceive: preconceived, preconceives, preconception+/ conceivable: conceivability, conceivableness, conceivably, inconceivable / conceive: conceivable, conceived, conceiver, conceives, conceiving, conceptive, misconceive, preconceive/conceived: ill-conceived /conceiver: conceivers/ concept: conceive, conception, concepts, conceptual, conceptualize / conception: conceptional, conceptions/ conceptual: conceptualise, conceptualism, conceptuality, conceptually/conceptualise: conceptualisation/conceptualism: conceptualistic/conceptualization: conceptualizations/ conceptualize: conceptualization, conceptualized, conceptualizes, conceptualizing/inconceivability: inconceivabilities/ inconceivable: inconceivability, inconceivableness, inconceivably/misconceive: misconceived, misconceives, misconceiving, misconception / misconception: misconceptions/preconception: preconceptions
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ideas that confirm his preconceived notions, however, like his distrust of regulation, are immediately accepted as fact.
Slate(Dec 22, 2016)
“But first you need to erase preconceived ideas,” he says, “and that is the difficult thing.”
Nature(Dec 14, 2016)
This isolation would prove liberating, allowing the young musicians and artists who formed the core of the group the freedom to explore without preconceived boundaries.
The Guardian(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 预想的，先入为主的
分布：动词preconceive的过去式和过去分词形式.(100%)
[ˌpri:.kən'si:vd] mainly disapproving
adjective
■(of an idea or an opinion) formed too early, especially without enough thought or knowledge （想法或观点）事先认为的，预想的；（尤指）未充分考虑的
• You must judge each film on its own merits, without any preconceived notions about what it's like. 你必须根据每部电影各自的优劣来作出判断，不应该先入为主，存有成见。

Word: externality
Front: externality
[ˌekstɜ:'nælətɪ] (18904/18021)
Vocabulary: externality
(once / 38251 pages)
n
An externality is an outside factor or condition that can affect something else. A snow storm for example, is an externality that can cause delays at the airport.
Externality comes from the Latin root word externus meaning "outside" or "outward." An externality is something on the outside that affects other things. Often an externality is a behavior or result of behavior by one party that affects others who have no choice in its happening. For example, factory pollution is an externality that can affect people's health and well-being. It's outside of their control and yet it has an impact on their lives.
WORD FAMILY
externality: externalities+/ external: externalise, externality, externalize, externally, externals/externalise: externalisation, externalised, externalises, externalising/externalization: externalizations/ externalize: externalization, externalized, externalizes, externalizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Economists recommend governments use taxes and regulations to minimize this negative externality.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Calls to price the 'real' cost of water consumption or carbon production have promoted understanding of the economic externalities of individual and government choices.
Nature(Nov 29, 2016)
Life brims with new experiences, challenges, excitement, what an economist would call “positive externalities” of demographic change.
Washington Post(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: n. 外在性; 外形; 外部事物; （经济学名词）外部效应
分布：外在性(45%)，外部因素(25%)，外表(20%)，外部的事物(10%)
n. 外在性；外形；外部事物
 - configuration, profile, shell

Word: set
Front: set
[set] (中高雅 294/213 -K3)
Vocabulary: set
(once / 15 pages)
1vnadj 2vadjn 3n 4vnadj 5v
A set is a group of things that belong together, like the set of even numbers (2,4,6…) or the bed, nightstands, and dresser that make up your bedroom set.
Set has many different meanings. As a verb, it means to put in place. Remember where you set your keys down! If you pour concrete, it takes a while to set, or become firm. To "set the bar" is to establish a benchmark for excellence. To set in stone is to make permanent. Every evening, the sun sets beyond the horizon.
WORD FAMILY
set: preset, reset, seting, sets, setting, subset +/ reset: resets, resetted, resetting/ setting: settings/ subset: subsets
USAGE EXAMPLES
The infection sets off a cascade of events that ramps up inflammatory and immune response, Powers says.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
He waited for them to crowd around the vehicle and then set off the bomb.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Andrew Puzder, a restaurant executive set to serve as labor secretary, will face scrutiny for past comments on the minimum wage, among other policies.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. 放置，安置; 使处于某种状况; 设置; 摆放餐具
vi. 落山; 出发; 凝结
n. 一套，一副; 集合; 布景; 电视机
adj. 固定的; 位于…的; 顽固的; 安排好的
时态：set, setting, sets
分布：一套(34%)，集合(13%)，设定(10%)，固定的(9%)，确定(9%)，规定(7%)，一副(4%)，不变的(4%)，调整(4%)，规定的(3%)，组合(3%)
→来自古英语 settan,使坐下，放置，建造，来自 Proto-Germanic*satjan,使坐下，来自 sed, 坐下，词源同 sit,session.引申诸相关词义。set 一套，一副，一组
n.一套,一副,装置,接受机v.提出,调整,日落At the outset this set of setting settled the offset problem of the kettle.在开始,这一套设置解决了水壶的弥补问题.
verb (setting, set, set)
POSITION 位置
 ESSENTIAL transitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to put something in the stated place or position 放，置；使处于（指定的地方、位置）
• He set a vase of flowers on the table. 他把一瓶花放在桌子上。
• The campsite is set in the middle of a pine forest. 营地设在松树林的中央。
• Our house is set back from the road. 我们的房子离公路有一定的距离。
 ESSENTIAL transitive usually + adverb or preposition
■If a story, film, etc. is set in a particular time or place, the action in it happens in that time or place （故事、电影等）以…为背景
• 'West Side Story' is set in New York in the late 1950s. 《西城故事》是以20世纪50年代末的纽约为背景的。
[set] verb (setting, set, set)
CONDITION 状况
 ESSENTIAL transitive
■to cause something or someone to be in the stated condition or situation 使处于特定状态
• It is believed that the building was set alight/ablaze/on fire deliberately. 据信，这幢大楼遭纵火是有人故意所为。
• The new director has set a lot of changes in motion in our department. 新主管在我们部门推行了很多变革。
• [+ adj] After years in prison, the men who had wrongfully been found guilty of the bombing were finally set free. 坐了多年牢之后，在爆炸案中遭误判有罪的数名男子终于被释放了。
• If I've made a mistake, then it's up to me to set it right (= correct it). 如果我犯了错，那就该由我来纠正。
set sb/sth doing sth
 ADVANCED
■to cause someone or something to start doing something 使开始做；引起
• His remarks set me thinking. 他的话引起我的深思。
• The thunderstorm set the radio crackling. 雷雨使收音机发出劈劈啪啪的声音。
set sb to work
■to give someone work to do 给（某人）工作做
• I was set to work tidying the bookshelves. 我被安排做整理书架的工作。
[set] verb (setting, set, set)
ESTABLISH 建立
 ESSENTIAL transitive
■to establish or cause to exist 建立；设立
• The school has been criticized for failing to set high standards for its students. 学校因未能为学生设定高标准而受到了批评。
• The government has set new limits on spending. 政府对开支设定了新的限制。
• Lewis has set a new world record. 路易士创造了一项新的世界纪录。
• The court's decision has set a legal precedent. 法庭的判决开创了一项判例。
• Parents should set a good example to their children. 父母应该为孩子树立良好的榜样。
• He's set himself the goal/target of making his first million by the time he's 30. 他给自己定的目标是在30岁前赚到第一个100万。
[set] verb (setting, set, set)
GET READY 准备好
 IMPROVER transitive
■to get something ready so that it comes into operation or can be used 设定；调定
• [+ to infinitive] The heating is set to come on at 5.00 p.m. 暖气设定在下午五点钟启动。
• Have you set up the video recorder? 你把录影机调好了吗？
• I usually set my watch by the time signal on the radio. 我通常是按照收音机里的报时对表。
• He set the alarm for 7.00 a.m. 他把闹钟设在早上七点钟。
• Will you set the table (= put plates and utensils on it ready for use) , please? 你来摆一下餐桌，好吗？
 IMPROVER transitive
■to put furniture and other things on a stage so that it represents the time and the place in which the action of a play, film or television programme is going to happen 设置，布置（戏剧、电影或电视节目的布景）
• During the interval the stage was set for the second act. 在换幕休息时，工作人员布置了第二幕的布景。
[set] verb (setting, set, set)
FIX 固定
 IMPROVER transitive
■to fix or make certain 使固定，确定
• Has a date/time been set for the meeting yet? 会议的日期／时间确定了吗？
• The price of the house has been set at £425 000. 这栋房子的定价为42.5万英镑。
set into sth /be set with sth
■If a precious stone is set in/into a piece of jewellery, or a piece of jewellery is set with a precious stone, the stone is fixed firmly to the piece of jewellery 镶入／镶有
• a gold tiepin with a diamond set into it 镶着一颗钻石的金质领带夹
• a brooch set with rubies and pearls 镶有红宝石和珍珠的胸针
transitive
■When a doctor sets a broken bone, he or she puts it into a fixed position so that it will heal. 固定（断骨）；接（骨）；把（断骨）重定
intransitive
■When a broken bone sets, it heals in a fixed position. （断骨）愈合
transitive
■If you have your hair set, you have it arranged while it is wet so that it will be fixed in a particular style when it is dry. 给（头发）做发型
transitive
■If you set a part of your body, you tighten the muscles around it in order to show that you are determined about something 绷紧（身体部位）；使显出坚定的表情
• "I'm never going back to him, " she said, setting her jaw firmly. “我永远都不会回到他身边，”她咬紧牙说。
• His face was set in determination. 他脸上露出坚定的表情。
intransitive
■If a liquid or soft material sets, it becomes firm or hard （液体等）凝固，凝结
• Leave the jelly in the fridge to set. 把果冻放在冰箱里凝固。
• Don't walk on the concrete until it has set. 混凝土还没凝固之前别在上面走。
[set] verb (setting, set, set)
GIVE WORK 给工作
transitive mainly UK (US usually assign)
■to give or provide a piece of work or task for someone to do 规定，布置
• My science teacher always sets a lot of homework. 我的理科老师总是安排很多功课。
• What books have been set for this term? 这学期规定学生要读哪些书？
• [+ two objects] We set the kids the task of clearing the snow from the front path. 我们给孩子们分派了打扫门前路上积雪的任务。
[set] verb (setting, set, set)
MUSIC 音乐
transitive
■to write or provide music for a poem or other words so that they can be sung 为…谱曲；给…配乐
• poems set to music 谱了曲的诗歌
[set] verb (setting, set, set)
SUN 太阳
intransitive
■(of the sun, moon or planets) to go down below the horizon (= the line at which the Earth seems to join the sky) （太阳、月球或行星）降于地平线之下，下落
• We sat on the beach and watched the sun set. 我们坐在海滩上观看日落。
• The setting sun cast long shadows across the lawn. 夕阳在草地上投下了长长的影子。
⇒ See also sunset
[set] verb (setting, set, set)
not set the world on fire
■to not be very exciting or successful 不一鸣惊人；不成功
• He has a nice enough voice but he's not going to set the world on fire. 他的声音够好听，但还不能一鸣惊人。
[set] verb (setting, set, set)
set the scene/stage (also the scene/stage is set)
■used to mean that conditions have been made right for something to happen, or that something is likely to happen 铺路，做好准备
• This weekend's talks between the two leaders have set the scene for a peace agreement to be reached. 本周末两位领袖之间的会谈为达成和平协定铺了路。
• The stage looks set for a repeat of last year's final. 看起来去年决赛的一幕可能会重演。
[set] verb (setting, set, set)
  Phrasal Verbs  set about sth
■to start to do or deal with something 开始做，开始处理
• [+ -ing verb] I've no idea how to set about changing a tyre on a car. 我不知道如何更换汽车轮胎。
• I tried to apologize, but I think I set about it the wrong way. 我想道歉，但我觉得我一开口道歉就说错话了。
[set] verb (setting, set, set)
  Phrasal Verbs  set about sb literary
■to attack someone 攻击（某人）
• Her attacker set about her with a knife. 袭击者是用一把刀子袭击她的。
[set] verb (setting, set, set)
  Phrasal Verbs  set sb against sb
■to cause one person to argue or fight with another person 使（某人）同（某人）争论（或斗争）；使（某人）反对（某人）
• This war has set neighbour against neighbour. 这次战争使邻国之间反目成仇。
[set] verb (setting, set, set)
  Phrasal Verbs  set sth against sth
COMPARE
■to consider something in relation to another thing and compare their different qualities or effects 比较；权衡
• You have to set the advantages of the scheme against the disadvantages. 你得权衡一下这个计划的利弊。
FINANCE
■to use or record one thing, especially the cost of something, in order to reduce or remove the effect of another 用（尤指费用）抵消，以…抵消
• The cost of business travel and entertainment can be set against tax. 出公差和娱乐的费用可以不报税。
[set] verb (setting, set, set)
  Phrasal Verbs  set sth/sb apart
■If a quality or characteristic sets someone/something apart, it shows them to be different from, and usually better than, others of the same type 使…与众不同
• What set her apart from the other candidates for the job was that she had a lot of original ideas. 她与其他求职者不同的地方在于，她有许多独特的见解。
§/set/ set 1 verb (setting, set, set)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] set sth aside
PURPOSE
 ADVANCED
■to save something, usually money or time, for a special purpose 拨出，留出（金钱或时间）
• He had some money in an account that he'd set aside for his kids. 他为孩子们存了一笔钱。
• [+ to infinitive] I set aside half an hour every evening to hear Erik read. 我每天晚上都留半个小时听埃里克朗读。
LEGAL DECISION
■If a judge or court sets aside a previous decision or judgment, they state that it does not now have any legal effect, usually because they consider it to have been wrong 撤销，驳回（判决）
• The Court of Appeal set aside his conviction. 上诉法院撤销了对他的判决。
IGNORE
■to decide that you will not be influenced by your own feelings or opinions because they are not important at a particular time 忘却；不计较
• In times of war people tend to set aside political differences. 战争期间，人们往往不计较政治歧异。
■to ignore or not think about a particular fact or situation while considering a matter 把…搁在一边；暂缓处理
• Setting aside the question of cost, what do you think of the idea in principle? 先把成本问题搁在一边，理论上你觉得这个意见怎样？
[set] verb (setting, set, set)
  Phrasal Verbs  set sb back (sth) informal
■to cost someone a large amount of money 花去（某人）一大笔钱
• Buying that suit must have set you back. 买这套衣服你得花一大笔钱。
• That new car looks as if it set you back a bit, Geoff. 杰夫，那辆新车看来花了你不小的一笔钱吧。
[set] verb (setting, set, set)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] set sth/sb back
■to delay an event, process or person 耽误；延迟
• The opening of the new swimming pool has been set back by a few weeks. 新游泳池开业延误了几个星期。
• A war would inevitably set back the process of reform. 战争无疑会耽误改革的进程。
⇒ See also setback
[set] verb (setting, set, set)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] set sth back
■to reduce something to a weaker or less advanced state 削弱；使倒退；使受挫
• This result has set back their chances of winning the competition. 这个结果降低了他们赢得这次竞赛的机会。
⇒ See also setback
[set] verb (setting, set, set)
  Phrasal Verbs  set sth down
WRITING
[M often passive]
■to write or print something, especially to record it in a formal document （尤指作为正式档）写下，记录下
• The rules of the club are set down in the members' handbook. 俱乐部的规则写在会员手册中。
AIRCRAFT [M]
■to land an aircraft 使（飞机）着陆
[set] verb (setting, set, set)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] set sb down
■If a vehicle sets down a passenger, it stops so that the passenger can get out （车辆）停下来让（乘客）下车
• The taxi set us down a long way from our hotel, and we had to walk. 计程车在离旅馆很远的地方放下了我们，我们只好步行了。
[set] verb (setting, set, set)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] set sth forth formal for
■set sth out (DETAILS) 细节
[set] verb (setting, set, set)
  Phrasal Verbs  set in
■When something unpleasant sets in, it begins and seems likely to continue in a serious way （不好的事）到来，开始（而且可能会持续）
• This rain looks as if it has set in for the rest of the day. 看来今天雨不会停。
• If you get bitten by a dog, you have to make sure the wound is properly cleaned, or an infection could set in. 如果你被狗咬了，必须确保伤口彻底清理干净，否则可能会发生感染。
• Despair seems to have set in among the team. 整支队伍似乎陷入了绝望之中。
[set] verb (setting, set, set)
  Phrasal Verbs  set off/out
 IMPROVER
■to start a journey 出发，启程
• What time will we have to set off for the station tomorrow? 我们明天要甚么时候出发去车站？
• Jenny set off down the road on her new bike. 珍妮骑着新脚踏车沿着马路出发了。
• They've just set off on a round-the-world cruise. 他们刚刚出发去环球旅行。
[set] verb (setting, set, set)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] set sth off
CAUSE
■to cause an activity or event, often a series of events, to begin or happen 引起，引发（常指一系列事件）
• The court's initial verdict in the police officers' trial set off serious riots. 法庭审理这桩警官案件所作出的初审判决引起了严重的暴乱。
■to cause a loud noise or explosion, such as that made by a bomb or an alarm (= a warning sound) to begin or happen 使发出巨响；使爆炸，引爆
• Terrorists set off a bomb in the city centre. 恐怖分子在市中心引爆了一颗炸弹。
• Somebody set the alarm off on my car. 有人触发了我车上的报警器。
MAKE NOTICEABLE
■to make something look attractive by providing a contrast (= attractive difference) to it （透过对比）使更有吸引力；衬托
• The new yellow cushions nicely set off the pale green of the chair covers. 黄色的新靠垫把浅绿色的椅套衬托得很好看。
[set] verb (setting, set, set)
  Phrasal Verbs  set sb off informal
■to cause someone to start doing something 使（某人）开始做
• [+ -ing verb] Every time I think about it, it sets me off laughing. 每次我想到它，就会发笑。
• She's finally stopped crying - now don't set her off again. 她终于不哭了——现在别再惹她哭了。
[set] verb (setting, set, set)
  Phrasal Verbs  set sb/sth on sb
■to make an animal or person attack someone 使…攻击（某人）
• The security guards set their dogs on the intruders. 警卫放狗咬非法闯入者。
• If you do that again, I'll set my big brother on you! 如果你再那么做，我会叫我大哥来对付你！
[set] verb (setting, set, set)
  Phrasal Verbs  set on/upon sb
[often passive]
■to attack someone 攻击（某人）
• He was set upon by a vicious dog. 他遭到一只恶犬的攻击。
■to surround or catch someone and prevent them from escaping 围困（某人）；堵截（某人）
• As he left the theatre, the singer was set upon by fans desperate for autographs. 那名歌手在离开剧院时被疯狂的歌迷围住索取签名。
[set] verb (setting, set, set)
  Phrasal Verbs  set out
 IMPROVER
■to start an activity with a particular aim （怀着特定目的）开始，着手
• She set out with the aim of becoming the youngest ever winner of the championship. 她努力的目标就是成为史上最年轻的冠军。
• [+ to infinitive] They set out to discover a cure for cancer. 他们开始寻找一种治疗癌症的方法。
■to start a journey 出发，启程
[set] verb (setting, set, set)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] set sth out
DETAILS (formal set sth forth)
■to give the details of something or to explain it, especially in writing, in a clear, organized way （尤指书面）详述，阐明
• The management board has set out its goals/plans/proposals for the coming year. 资方委员会阐述了下一年的目标／计划／建议。
• Your contract will set out the terms and conditions of your employment. 你的合约会详细说明聘任的期限和条件。
ARRANGEMENT
■to arrange something, usually a number of things, in an attractive or organized way 摆放；陈列
• The market was full of brightly coloured vegetables set out on stalls. 市场上到处都是色泽鲜亮的蔬菜，整整齐齐地摆在摊子上。
• Every evening Michael sets out the breakfast things on the table, ready for the morning. 每天晚上麦克都会把早餐用具摆在桌上，为第二天早晨作好准备。
[set] verb (setting, set, set)
  Phrasal Verbs  set to
WORK
■to start working or dealing with something in an energetic and determined way 干劲十足地开始做；毅然开始
• If we all set to, we should be able to finish the job in a week. 如果我们都能认真做，就能在一星期内完成这项工作。
FIGHT informal
■to begin to fight 开始打架
[set] verb (setting, set, set)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] set sth up
 ESSENTIAL
■to formally establish a new company, organization, system, way of working, etc 建立，创立（公司、机构、系统、工作方式等）
• A committee has been set up to organize social events in the college. 大学里已经成立了一个委员会来安排学校里的社交活动。
• She plans to set up her own business. 她计划创立自己的企业。
• They've set up a fund for victims of the earthquake. 他们已经为地震中的受害者设立了一个基金会。
 IMPROVER
■to arrange for an event or activity to happen 安排，策划
• We need to set up a meeting to discuss the proposals. 我们需要安排一次会议来讨论这些建议。
set 2 2. The government has agreed to set up a public enquiry.
政府同意进行公开调查。
[set] verb (setting, set, set)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] set sb up
ESTABLISH
■to establish someone or yourself in a business or position 为（某人）安置职位，使（某人）就职
• After he left college, his father set him up in the family business. 自从大学毕业后，他父亲就安顿他在家族企业中任职。
• [R] She set herself up as an interior designer. 她当了一名室内设计师。
BENEFIT
■to provide the money that someone needs for an important task or activity which is expected to last a long time 资助
• Winning the lottery has set them up for life. 他们中了彩券，这使他们一生都吃穿不愁。
■to provide someone with the energy or health that you need for a particular period of time 使精力充沛；使健康
• A good breakfast really sets you up for the day. 一顿好的早餐能使你一天精力充沛。
DECEIVE [often passive] informal
■to trick someone in order to make them do something, or in order to make them seem guilty of something that they have not done 给（某人）设下圈套；陷害，栽赃（某人）
• They claimed that they weren't selling drugs, but that they'd been set up by the police. 他们声称自己没有贩卖毒品，是被警方栽赃陷害的。
[set] verb (setting, set, set)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] set sth/sb up
■to provide someone or something with all the necessary things for a particular activity or period of time 为…提供必需品
• I think we're set up with everything we need for the journey. 我认为我们已经准备好了旅行需要的一切。
• We went on a shopping trip and got him all set up for the new term. 我们去购物，为他准备好新学期需要的一切用品。
[set] verb (setting, set, set)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] set (sth) up
■to prepare something for use, especially by putting the different parts of it together 准备；（尤指）安装，装配
• We only had a couple of hours to set up before the exhibition opened. 展览开始前，我们只有几个小时来准备。
• I need one or two people to help me set up the equipment. 我需要一两个人帮我安装这台设备。
[set] verb (setting, set, set)
  Phrasal Verbs  [R] set yourself up as sth often disapproving
■to say that you are a particular type of person 自称是，自命为
• He sets himself up as an expert on vegetable growing, but he doesn't seem to me to know much about it. 他以蔬菜种植专家自居，但在我看来他对此懂得并不多。
[set] noun
GROUP 组合
 ESSENTIAL countable
■a group of similar things that belong together in some way 套；副
• We bought Charles and Mandy a set of cutlery as a wedding present. 我们为查尔斯和曼迪买了一套刀叉餐具，作为送给他们的结婚礼物。
• I always keep a tool set in the back of my car. 我一直都在汽车的后车箱内放着一套工具。
• The doctor said that he hadn't seen this particular set of symptoms before. 医生说他以前没有见过这种症候群。
• We need to establish a new set of priorities. 我们需要重新安排应优先考虑的一组事项。
 ADVANCED countable
■a number of objects or pieces of equipment needed for a particular activity, especially playing a game （尤指游戏用的）一套用具
• a chess/train/chemistry set 一副象棋／一组模型列车／一套化学实验用品
countable specialized
■In mathematics, a set is a group of objects with stated characteristics. （数学中的）集，集合
countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■a group of people who have similar interests and ways of living 有相同爱好的一伙人
• the London set 伦敦人
• She's got in with a very arty set. 她和一群搞艺术的人在一起。
• The smart set is/are going to the Caprice restaurant this season. 时尚人士在这个社交季节里要去卡普利斯餐厅。
[set] noun
FILM/PLAY 戏／剧
 ADVANCED countable
■the place where a film or play is performed or recorded, and the pictures, furniture, etc. that are used 布景；场景
• a film set 电影场景
• a stage set 舞台布景
• a set designer 布景师
• They first met on the set of 'Star Wars'. 他们第一次见面是在《星际大战》的拍摄场地。
[set] noun
PART 部分
 ADVANCED countable
■a part of a game of tennis （网球比赛的）一局
• They won in straight sets (= They won every set). 他们一局未失。
 ADVANCED countable
■a musical performance which forms part of a concert , especially one of pop music or jazz （尤指流行音乐或爵士音乐会上的）一段表演
• The band's opening set lasted 45 minutes. 乐队的开场表演持续了45分钟。
[set] noun
POSITION 位置
the set of sth
■the position in which you hold a part of your body （身体部位的）姿势，样子
• I could tell from the set of his jaw that he was angry. 看他绷得紧紧的下巴，我便知道他在生气。
countable
■the act of having your hair set 做头发
• a shampoo and set 洗头并做发型
[set] noun
TELEVISION 电视
countable
■a television 电视机
• We need a new television set. 我们需要一台新电视机。
[set] adjective
READY 准备
[after verb]
■ready and prepared 准备好的，预先准备的
• Shall we go now - is everyone set? 我们可以走了吗——大家准备好了吗？
• Is everything all set for the party? 派对一切都准备妥当了吗？
• At the beginning of a race, the starter often says "On your marks, get set, go" or "Ready, get set, go". 发令者在起跑时常说：“各就位，预备，跑。”
• We were just getting set to leave when Ben said he had something important to tell us. 当班说他有一些重要的事要告诉我们时我们正准备离开。
[after verb]
■likely or in a suitable condition 可能的；在适当条件下的
• He looks set to become world champion again this year. 他今年似乎有可能再次成为世界冠军。
[set] adjective
FIXED 固定
■fixed or never changing 不变的，固定的
• My parents say I have to be home by a set time. 我父母说我得在规定的时间回家。
• The restaurant does a set lunch (= a meal which is offered at a fixed price, but with little or no choice about what you have to eat) on Sundays. 这家餐馆星期天午餐供应套餐。
• The receptionist had a bright set smile on his face, but I could tell that he was bored. 接待员带着一成不变的灿烂微笑，但我看得出其实他觉得很厌倦。
• My father has very set opinions/views on the matter. 我父亲在这件事上的看法很难改变。
set expression/phrase
■a phrase in which the words are always used in the same order 固定说法／片语
[set] adjective
STUDY 阅读
[before noun]
■a set book is one that must be studied for a particular course 必修课本（修读特定课程时必须学习的课本）
• The students are reading 'Lord of the Flies' as one of their set books/texts this year. 学生们今年的规定阅读书目中有《蝇王》。
[set] adjective
be (dead) set against sth
■to be determined not to do something 坚决反对
• Why are you so set against going to college? 你为甚么这么反对上大学呢？
• They are dead set against (= strongly opposed to) the plans to close the local hospital. 他们坚决反对关闭当地医院的计划。
[set] adjective
be set fair UK old-fashioned
■to be sunny and dry and not changing or expected to change 持续晴朗干燥
[set] adjective
be set in your ways
■to do the same things every day and to not want to change those habits 因循守旧
• As people get older, they often become set in their ways. 随着年岁渐长，人们行事也往往跟着一成不变起来。
[set] adjective
be set on/upon sth
■to be determined to do something 下决心做
• She seems set on marrying him. 她似乎已打定主意要嫁给他。
put, set, lay, place
这组词都有“放”的意思，其区别是：
put: 普通用词，含义较广泛。指把人或物置于某处，并将其留在该处。
set: 普通用词，指为了某种目的而将人或物放在一定位置上。指物是多指立着放。
lay: 指小心地把人或物平放或横放，侧重动作安稳。
place: 较正式用词，指把某物放在一个正确的位置上，侧重动作的正确。
n. 一套； [数] 集合； [机] 装置；趋势；布景
 - device, apparatus, installation, assembly, tendency, unit, direction
vt. 放；树立；点燃；使凝结；点缀
 - put, fire, rear, light
vi. 结果；定型；凝固
 - result, bottom line
adj. 规定的；固定的；固执的
 - specified, stated, fixed, prescribed, regulation

Word: implacable
Front: implacable
[ɪmˈplækəbl] (18770/15330 -1)
Vocabulary: implacable
(once / 1691 pages)
adj
An implacable person just can’t be appeased. If you really offended your best friend and tried every kind of apology but she refused to speak to you again, you could describe her as implacable.
Implacable is derived from the verb to placate, which means to soothe, or to appease. If you’re babysitting and the kid starts screaming the moment that his parents leave the house, and nothing you give him, be it a toy or ice cream, can calm him down, he might seem implacable. But try the TV. It tends to turn screaming kids into silent, happy zombies.
WORD FAMILY
implacable: implacably+/placable: implacable / placate: placable, placated, placates, placating, placation, placative, placatory/placating: placatingly/placation: placations/placative: placatively
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Restraints disappear, and the field is open to the most expansive claims and the most implacable actors,” he writes.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
“The Good Wife” explored the complicated inner life of a wronged, but publicly implacable, political spouse.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Iran, which is not a driver of the ceasefire plan, but is a pivotal player in Syria’s short-term future, remains implacably opposed to Assad’s exit.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. （指愤怒、仇恨、敌意等）难和解的; 难平息的; 仇恨深的; 不能改变的
分布：难和解的(42%)，执拗的(29%)，难宽恕的(29%)
→im-,不，非，-plac,抚慰，安抚，词源同please,placate.
不平静的;难以安慰的(im不+placable能平静的)[plac=toplease,表示"取悦,使满意,使平静"]
【记】placable（adj 易抚慰的）；placid（adj 平静的）；placate（v 安抚；抚慰；平息）
slightly formal
adjective
■describes (someone who has) strong opinions or feelings which are impossible to change 不饶人的；坚定的；无法改变的
• an implacable enemy 死敌
• implacable hostility 无法化解的敌意
adj. 不能安抚的；难和解的；不能缓和的
 - immitigable

Word: cake
Front: cake
[keɪk] (中高研四 2540/2309 -K3)
Vocabulary: cake
(once / 218 pages)
1n 2n 3n 4v
A cake is a baked dessert that's often topped with frosting or decorations. For many people, it's not a proper birthday without a birthday cake.
Most cakes are made with flour, fat, a sweetener, and something to make the cake rise — like eggs or baking powder. You might prefer denser, richer cheesecakes or tiny, delicate cupcakes, or even a savory version made of potatoes and vegetables. If someone says, "Well, that takes the cake," they're expressing their surprise at something, and if you say, "That exam was a piece of cake," it as easy as eating a piece of cake.
WORD FAMILY
cake: caked, cakes, caking
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sweet cakes and breads will be avoided because you grew up without them.
New York Times(Oct 18, 2016)
Only there does he discover that his face is caked with blood and that there is a long, gaping laceration on his right temple.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
At a recent celebration, friends used one cake to congratulate Bill Word on his retirement and compliment Matt Word on his new job.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 蛋糕; 糕饼; 块状物; 沉积物
vt. & vi. （使）结块; （使）胶; 涂厚厚的一层
时态：caked, caking, cakes
分布：蛋糕(98%)，块状物(2%)
→来自PIE *gog，圆块，块状，词源同cog, cudgel.原指圆块状的物体或块状面包，而非现在所理解的蛋糕。与cook同词源性已被否定。
n.饼,糕,蛋糕;扁平的块状物The cake maker shakes a naked snake with the quaking rake without sake.蛋糕制造者无缘无故地用抖动的耙子摇一条赤裸的蛇.
noun
FOOD 食品
 ESSENTIAL countable or uncountable
■a sweet food made with a mixture of flour, eggs, fat and sugar 蛋糕
• Would you like a piece of/a slice of/some cake? 你想来块／片／点蛋糕吗？
• chocolate/sponge cake 巧克力／海绵蛋糕
• a birthday/christmas cake 生日／圣诞蛋糕
• cream cakes 鲜奶油蛋糕
• He made/baked a delicious cake. 他做／烤了个美味的蛋糕。
⇒ See also oatcake,pancake
[keɪk] noun
SHAPE 形状
countable
■a small flat object made by pressing together a soft substance 饼状物
• fish/potato cakes 鱼／马铃薯饼
• a cake of soap 一块肥皂
[keɪk] noun
have your cake and eat it
■to have or do two good things at the same time that are impossible to have or do at the same time 两者兼得
• You can't have your cake and eat it - if you want more local services, you can't expect to pay less tax. 你不能二者兼得——想获得更多的地方服务就不能指望少付税金。
[keɪk] noun
the slice/share of the cake
■the amount of money, goods, etc., available 可得到的一份钱财（或货物等）
• Everyone should have a fair slice of the cake. 每个人都应公平地分到一份。
[keɪk] verb transitive usually passive
■to cover something or someone thickly with a substance that then dries out （用会变干的东西厚厚地）覆盖
• The men were caked in layers of filth and grime. 他们身上积了一层层污垢。
• boots caked with mud 黏着泥巴的靴子
n. [食品] 蛋糕；块状物；利益总额
 - Swiss roll, torta
vt. 使结块
 - agglomerate

Word: kindred
Front: kindred
[ 'kɪndrəd] (宝 18790/20308)
Vocabulary: kindred
(once / 555 pages)
nadj
Your kindred are your people. If you say are going to visit your kindred during the holidays, that means you are going to visit your relatives.
The word kindred can be used as either an adjective or a noun. The noun version is somewhat archaic — you are more likely to encounter this word in classic literature than in casual conversation. You may be more familiar with the adjective version of the word, which has gained popular usage in the term “kindred spirit” or “kindred soul,” which is used to describe those who share similar attitudes, characteristics, or beliefs.
WORD FAMILY
kindred: kindreds
USAGE EXAMPLES
Maybe he hopes Mr. Putin will see him as a kindred spirit: Big hombre, instinctive nationalist, zero use for liberals and their pieties.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
This sense of kindred spirits applies to the actors, too, as many of their colleagues insist.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
“We’re kindred spirits, for sure,” said Mr. Devereux, a professor at the Saïd Business School at the University of Oxford.
New York Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: [人名] 金德里德
分布：相似(30%)，同族的(22%)，亲戚关系(16%)，同类的(16%)，血缘的(11%)，家人和亲戚(5%)
→kin,亲戚，亲属，-red,名词后缀，词源同hundred,hatred,插入字母d,可能是受kind影响。
【记】kind（n 种类），red：身体里面都留着红色的血－同族的
【反】dissimilar（adj 不同的）
N-UNCOUNT
（统称）家人，亲属
Your kindred are your family, and all the people who are related to you.
例：The offender made proper restitution to the victim's kindred.违法者对受害人亲属给予了适当的补偿。
ADJ
类似的；相似的
Kindred things are similar to each other.
例：I recall many discussions with her on these and kindred topics.我回想起多次同她就这些问题及类似话题进行的讨论。
adj. [生物] 同类的；血缘的；同族的
 - congeneric, akin
n. 家族；相似；亲属关系
 - conformity, sept

Word: bloodied
Front: bloodied
[ˈblʌdid] (18743/24046)
Back: v. 血污的( bloody的过去式和过去分词 ); 流血的; 屠杀的; 残忍的
分布：血腥的(67%)，流血的(12%)，嗜杀的(11%)，使流血(10%)
ADJ-GRADED
（尤用于生气时加强语气）该死的，讨厌的
Bloody is used by some people to emphasize what they are saying, especially when they are angry.
ADJ-GRADED
血腥的；暴力的
If you describe a situation or event as bloody, you mean that it is very violent and a lot of people are killed.
例：Forty-three demonstrators were killed in bloody clashes...43名示威者在流血冲突中丧生。
例：They came to power in 1975 after a bloody civil war.在一场腥风血雨的内战之后，他们于1975年上台执政。
ADJ-GRADED
血淋淋的；血迹斑斑的
You can describe someone or something as bloody if they are covered in a lot of blood.
例：He was arrested last October still carrying a bloody knife...去年10月他被捕时，身上还带着一把血迹斑斑的刀。
例：Yulka's fingers were bloody and cracked.尤尔卡的手指折断了，鲜血直流。
VERB
使流血；使出血
If you have bloodied part of your body, there is blood on it, usually because you have had an accident or you have been attacked.
例：One of our children fell and bloodied his knee...我们的一个孩子跌倒了，膝盖磕破了。
例：She stared at her own bloodied hands, unable to think or move.她盯着自己流血的双手，呆呆地愣住了。
V-PASSIVE
伤害；损害；打击
If someone or something is bloodied by an experience, they are hurt or damaged by it.
例：She'd been bloodied in love...她在爱情上一度伤痕累累。
例：The reinsurance market has been bloodied by disasters in the U.S.再保险市场因美国发生的灾难而遭受重创。

Word: oddball
Front: oddball
[ˈɒdbɔ:l] (18761/25359)
Vocabulary: oddball
(once / 19095 pages)
n
People who just don't fit in — they're a little strange, or somewhat eccentric — are oddballs. If you're a non-sports fan surrounded by enthusiastic football supporters cheering for the home team, you might feel like an oddball.
The kid who brings her book to an amusement park is an oddball, and so is the guy who pushes his dog around in a baby stroller. This informal word for "weirdo" or "misfit" is good for describing someone whose eccentricities are fairly obvious, like your uncle, the oddball who wears full clown makeup to every family gathering. Oddball was first used in the 1940s, modeled after the earlier screwball, first meaning a wayward baseball pitch and later "eccentric person."
WORD FAMILY
oddball: oddballs
USAGE EXAMPLES
Try for contrasting flavors, shapes and colors, with at least one oddball, such as husk cherry.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
We’ve talked a bit about Search Party, which wholly engrossed me for a day with its oddball mystery and that great, divisive ending.
Slate(Dec 22, 2016)
In any razor-thin voting outcome, it’s easy and fun to cite oddball or esoteric factors and claim they “decided” the race.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 古怪的
n. 古怪的人
分布：古怪的(61%)，古怪的人(39%)
→比喻用法。
US ['ɑ:d.bɑ:l] informal
noun countable
■a person whose behaviour is unusual and strange 古怪的人，怪异的人
adj. 古怪的；奇怪的
 - strange, odd, curious
n. 古怪；古怪的人
 - eccentricity, fantastic

Word: wearing
Front: wearing
[ˈweərɪŋ] (18793/18677)
Back: adj. 使人疲乏的，令人厌烦的
v. 穿着( wear的现在分词 ); 磨成; 使疲乏; 同意
分布：磨损的(69%)，穿用的(21%)，使疲惫的(10%)
US ['wer.ɪŋ] adjective
■making you feel tired 令人疲倦的，累人的
• Looking after three children all day is very wearing. 从早到晚照顾三个孩子是非常累人的。
adj. 磨损的；穿用的；令人疲倦的
 - shiny, scuffed
v. 穿着；磨损（wear的ing形式）
 - eroding

Word: raptor
Front: raptor
[ˈræptə(r)] (18844/29947)
Vocabulary: raptor
(once / 9809 pages)
n
A raptor is a bird of prey, a large, strong bird that feeds on smaller animals. Raptors are equipped with sharp talons and beaks for hunting.
Raptors are hunters, and they're also big, striking birds — the bald eagle is one example of a raptor. The difference between raptors and other birds that also eat animals (like gulls, for example) is that raptors use not only their beaks, but also their curved talons to catch their prey. Before it came to be used for these birds, raptor meant "abductor," from its Latin meaning, "robber, plunderer, or abductor," from rapere, "to seize."
WORD FAMILY
raptor: raptorial, raptors
USAGE EXAMPLES
On Sunday against the Toronto Raptors, Black got his first significant playing time since spraining an ankle Dec. 5.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The mood around the locker room and during postgame interviews after Sunday's loss to the Toronto Raptors was generally positive.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Black finished with nine points and nine rebounds against the Raptors.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 猛禽，肉食鸟
分布：猛禽(81%)，肉食鸟(19%)
→来自拉丁语 rapere,抓住，抓取，词源同 rob,rip.-t,过去分词格，-or,人，物。引申词义猛禽。
猛禽(rapt+or→掠夺之鸟→猛禽)[Rap,rapt,rav=snatch,表示"捕,夺"]
N-COUNT
猛禽
Raptors are birds of prey, such as eagles and hawks.
n. 猛禽；肉食鸟
 - a bird of prey, Accipiter

Word: welt
Front: welt
[welt] (18754/27131)
Vocabulary: welt
(once / 2388 pages)
nv
If someone hits you hard with a thin stick, your skin might rise up in a welt. Ouch. A welt is a swollen bruise.
The extra bit of stitching around the pocket of your jeans can also be called a welt as can the stitching that holds your shoe to its sole. In these cases as well as the mark on the skin, a welt is a rising where things meet –– either where a blow meets the body, or where two types of fabric meet each other.
WORD FAMILY
welt: welted, welter, welting, welts+/ welter: weltered, weltering, welters
USAGE EXAMPLES
One day at school, her teacher saw the welts.
Washington Post(Dec 24, 2016)
“That’s exactly what IS wants,” he told the daily Die Welt.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
According to a report in the German newspaper Die Welt, translated with computer assistance by the Washington Times, the suspect is a newly-arrived Pakistani refugee.
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 贴边，袜口，伤痕
vt. 装饰，鞭打
时态：welted, welting, welts
分布：贴边(46%)，鞭痕(45%)，贴边于(9%)
→来自wel,转，卷，拱起，词源同vault,weal。引申词义肿起，红肿伤痕。
noun countable
■a raised, red area of skin caused by being hit or by cuts healing （皮肤上受击打后留下的）瘀伤，肿块；疤痕
n. [服装] 贴边，沿条；鞭痕；殴打
 - strike, hiding

Word: spatter
Front: spatter
[ˈspætə(r)] (18656/21433)
Back: vt. & vi. 溅，洒落
n. 泼; 洒、溅等的声音
时态：spattered, spattering, spatters
分布：溅(47%)，洒(20%)，滴下(17%)，泼溅的污迹(11%)，诬蔑(5%)
US ['spæ.ɚ] verb intransitive or transitive
■to drop small drops of liquid, etc. on a surface, or (of liquid) to fall, especially noisily, in small drops 溅，洒落；（液体）溅落，滴下
• Two bikes raced by and spattered mud over our clothes. 两辆脚踏车疾驶而过，溅得我们衣服上满是泥浆。
• The bikes spattered them with mud. 脚踏车溅了他们一身泥浆。
• They could hear raindrops spattering on the roof of the caravan. 他们可以听见雨滴劈里啪啦打在大篷车车顶上。
n. 溅；洒；泼溅的污迹；少量
 - bit, ounce
vt. 溅；洒；污蔑
 - splash, besprinkle

Word: curvature
Front: curvature
[ˈkɜ:vətʃə(r)] (18737/10901)
Back: n. 弯曲; 弯曲部分; 曲率; 曲度
分布：弯曲(100%)
US ['kɝ:.və.tʃɚ] specialized
noun countable or uncountable
■the state of being curved or bent 弯曲；曲率，曲度
• the curvature of the Earth's surface 地球表面的曲率
• a pronounced curvature of the spine 脊柱明显弯曲
n. 弯曲， [数] 曲率
 - give, winding

Word: perplexed
Front: perplexed
[pəˈplekst] (18745/21651)
Vocabulary: perplexed
(once / 341 pages)
adj
Use the adjective perplexed to describe someone who is utterly baffled or confused. If you've ever studied for the wrong test and been surprised and confused by the exam in front of you, you've been perplexed.
There's a particular bewildered kind of facial expression that goes along with the word perplexed. It's the kind of emotion that's hard to disguise. The Latin root perplexus means "confused or entangled," and "entangled" is a great way to imagine the tangled thoughts and confusion of someone who's perplexed.
WORD FAMILY
perplexed: perplexedly, perplexity, unperplexed+/ perplex: perplexed, perplexes, perplexing / perplexing: perplexingly/ perplexity: perplexities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Crystal’s uncle, a professional Santa, was at home with the sniffles, but the group still caroled before perplexed motorists.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Carrie, the show’s heroine, is perplexed, and asks her old mentor Saul: “What’s wrong with these new Germans?”
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
We remain perplexed by the NRA’s concerns for the following reasons:
Seattle Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: adj. 困惑的，糊涂的; 复杂的，杂乱的
v. 使迷惑，使混乱( perplex的过去式和过去分词); 使复杂化，使难办
分布：困惑的(53%)，不知所措的(29%)，纠缠不清的(11%)，动词perplex的过去式和过去分词.(7%)
困惑的(per+plex重叠+ed→全部重叠在一起→困惑了)[per-①表示"贯穿,自始至终"②表示"假,坏"]
迷惑的(perplex+ed)[plex=fold,表示"重叠"]
【记】per全部，plex＝plic重叠，ed－全部重叠的－困惑的
ADJ-GRADED
困惑的；迷惑不解的
If you are perplexed, you feel confused and slightly worried by something because you do not understand it.
例：She is perplexed about what to do for her daughter...她不知道该为女儿做些什么。
例：Japan's perplexed bankers need not worry.迷惑不解的日本银行家不必担心。
adj. 困惑的；不知所措的
 - confused, puzzled, troubled

Word: jellyfish
Front: jellyfish
[ˈdʒelifɪʃ] (托 18731/23528)
Back: n. 水母; 海蜇; 软弱无用的人; 意志薄弱的人
分布：水母(58%)，海蜇(21%)，意志薄弱的人(21%)
→jelly,肉冻，fish,鱼。因形似肉冻而得名。
(plural jellyfish)
noun countable
■a sea animal with a soft oval almost transparent body 水母；海蜇
n. 水母； [无脊椎] 海蜇；软弱无能的人
 - nettlefish, acaleph

Word: discriminating
Front: discriminating
[dɪˈskrɪmɪneɪtɪŋ] (18766/19349)
Vocabulary: discriminating
(once / 2481 pages)
adj
Someone discriminating has fine-grained judgment and can tell, for example, the difference between pretty good cookies and incredibly great cookies — a valuable skill.
There are many areas of life where being discriminating can help you. A discriminating TV watcher will only watch the best shows, while someone undiscriminating will watch anything that's on. When eating, being discriminating is especially useful: why eat food that's badly prepared or unhealthy if you don't have to? A discriminating person can pick up on the small differences between things and use those differences to make better choices. We should all try to be more discriminating.
WORD FAMILY
discriminating: indiscriminating, undiscriminating+/ discriminate: discriminable, discriminated, discriminately, discriminates, discriminating, discriminatingly, discrimination, discriminative, discriminator, discriminatory, indiscriminate / discrimination: discriminations, non-discrimination/discriminative: discriminatively/discriminator: discriminators/discriminatory: discriminatorily/ indiscriminate: indiscriminately, indiscriminatingly/undiscriminating: undiscriminatingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I always thought liberals were all encompassing and conservatives discriminating. This restaurant is an example of reverse discrimination or hypocritical discrimination.”
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Council to approve legislation preventing landlords from discriminating against those with criminal records.
Washington Post(Dec 11, 2016)
Kirk’s list is based on flimsy information that simply doesn’t support his claims that there is a problem of left-wing professors discriminating against conservative students.
Salon(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: adj. 有鉴别能力的，有识别能力的
v. 分别，辨别，区分( discriminate的现在分词 ); 歧视，有差别地对待
分布：有辨别能力的(50%)，动词discriminate的现在分词形式.(25%)，有区别的(25%)
有辨别力的(discriminate分辨)[-ing 1.表名词"状态"2.表名词"行业"3.表形容词"正…的","令人…的"]
US [-tˌɪŋ] formal approving
adjective
■able to know and act on the difference between good and bad 有辨别能力的，有分辨力的
• They're discriminating shoppers. 他们是识货的买主。
• a discriminating palate 有分辨能力的味觉
adj. 识别的；有差别的；有识别力的
 - recognizing
v. 识别（discriminate的ing形式）；区别对待
 - identifying

Word: industrious
Front: industrious
[ɪnˈdʌstriəs] (六托宝 18792/18457)
Vocabulary: industrious
(once / 613 pages)
adj
If someone comments that you are very industrious, they are complimenting you for working hard and tirelessly. You can have the evening to yourself if you're industrious enough during the afternoon to get your homework and chores done.
The word industrious is closely related to the word industry, used for both the quality of being hardworking, “He is a model of industry,” as well as a field of business, "the construction industry." It might help to remember the Industrial Revolution, the time when machinery was introduced to the manufacturing world. If you're industrious, you work as hard as machines do!
WORD FAMILY
industrious: industriously, industriousness+/ industrial: industrialer, industrialise, industrialism, industrialize, industrially, nonindustrial, postindustrial/industrialise: industrialisation, industrialised/industrialism: industrialisms, industrialist/industrialist: industrialists/ industrialization: industrializations/industrialize: industrialization, industrialized, industrializes, industrializing/industrialized: unindustrialized/ industry: industrial, industries, industrious
USAGE EXAMPLES
Our B&B in Vinales was a thriving little business for our industrious host family.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
What I mostly noticed were children working, being industrious, trying to find productive ways to live in a miserable environment and to survive.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
In the United States, this will examine the surfeit of athletic, industrious midfielders and defenders, and the absence — Christian Pulisic aside — of creative, imaginative prospects.
New York Times(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 勤劳的，勤奋的; 勤恳的，刻苦的; 昧旦晨兴; 手勤
分布：勤劳的(59%)，勤奋的(41%)
→来自industry,勤奋。
adjective
■having the characteristic of regularly working hard 勤劳的，勤奋的
• an industrious worker 勤劳的工人
• She's extremely competent and industrious. 她非常勤奋、能干。
industrious, industrial
industrious: 勤劳的，勤奋的。如：He is an industrious student.(他是个用功的学生。)
industrial: 工业的，产业的。如：Italy is becoming an industrial nation.(意大利逐步成为工业国。)
industrious, diligent
这组词都有“勤奋的”的意思，其区别是：
industrious: 指由习惯养成或天性形成的勤奋。
diligent: 多指为一定的目的或追求而勤奋。
adj. 勤勉的
 - diligent, hard-working

Word: well-developed
Front: well-developed
['weldɪv'eləpt] None
Back: 发育良好的; 丰满; 丰腴; 昌明
分布：发育良好的(100%)
adjective
■having grown or increased in a positive way 发展良好的；发育良好的；健全的
• The less well-developed areas of Europe are much less attractive as investment prospects than the major centres. 欧洲的次发达地区在投资前景方面，远没有中心地区那样有吸引力。
• She is a physically well-developed teenager with the emotional and mental level of a four-year-old. 她是一个身体发育良好的少年，可是情感和智力只相当于四岁大孩子的程度。
adj. 发达的；发育良好的
 - developed, unprimitive

Word: nurture
Front: nurture
[ˈnɜ:tʃə(r)] (研六托雅宝 5533/8542 -2)
Vocabulary: nurture
(once / 1496 pages)
vn
If you plant a seed, water it daily and give it lots of light, you nurture it until it is ready to be transplanted outside. When you nurture a person or thing, you care for it and help it to grow.
After a fight with your friend, you may have to nurture the relationship a little until you're close again. Use the phrase "nature versus nurture" to help you remember the word. Nature is a baby just out of the womb. Nurture is how that baby is raised or taken care of. Once the child is older, you may wonder if its love of reading is nature or nurture — is it natural born or is it because you read to the baby every night.
WORD FAMILY
nurture: nurtural, nurturance, nurtured, nurtures, nurturing
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is about nurturing, comfort and spending time with people who are important to us.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Physical health is foundational to be sure, but its our more humanitarian capacities that need nurturing.
New York Times(Oct 18, 2016)
“Ergo,” Mr. Heller wrote, “the lid is a nurturing apparatus.”
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 养育; 培育; 滋养; 培植
n. 教养，培育; 营养物，食物; 环境因素
时态：nurtured, nurturing, nurtures
分布：培育(65%)，养育(24%)，照顾(4%)，扶持(4%)，环境因素(3%)
→来自nurse,护理，养育。
n./v.养育,教育,教养n.营养品v.给与营养物The two brothers received very different nurture.这两个兄弟接受过极不同 的教育.
【反】withhold sustenance from（停止供给食物）；impede（v 阻止）；stunt（v 阻碍…发育）；disregard＝ignore（v 不理睬）；neglect＝overlook（v 没注意到）；fail to support（失败的供给）
US ['nɝ:.tʃɚ] verb transitive formal
HELP DEVELOP 培育
■to take care of, feed and protect someone or something, especially young children or plants, and help them to develop 养育，培育（尤指幼儿或植物）
• She wants to stay at home and nurture her children. 她想留在家里照顾孩子。
• a carefully nurtured garden 精心打理的花园
■to help a plan or a person to develop and be successful 促进；扶助；培养
• As a record company director, his job is to nurture young talent. 作为唱片公司主管，他的职责是培养有才华的年轻人。
UK ['nɜ:.tʃər] US ['nɝ:.tʃɚ] verb transitive formal
FOR A LONG TIME 长期
■to have a particular emotion, plan or idea for a long time （长期）怀有，抱有
• Winifred nurtured ambitions for her daughter to be a surgeon. 威妮弗雷德一直盼望她女儿会成为外科医生。
UK ['nɜ:.tʃər] US ['nɝ:.tʃɚ] noun uncountable
■the way in which children are treated as they are growing, especially as compared with the characteristics they are born with 教育，培养；（尤指）后天养育
• Which do you believe has the strongest influence on how children develop - nature or nurture? 你认为先天条件还是后天教育对孩子的成长影响最大？
vt. 养育；鼓励；培植
 - encourage, raise, heart, mother, foster
n. 养育；教养；营养物
 - nursing, breeding

Word: chickpea
Front: chickpea
[ˈtʃɪk pi:] (19717/-)
Back: n. 鹰嘴豆
分布：鹰嘴豆(100%)
→来自拉丁词cicer, 豆子，词源同chico. 因豆尖形如小鹰嘴而得名。
['tʃɪk.pi:] UK (US garbanzo bean)
noun countable
■a hard pale brown round bean which can be cooked and eaten 鹰嘴豆
n. [作物] 鹰嘴豆（等于garbanzo）
 - garbanzo, gram

Word: jetty
Front: jetty
[ˈdʒeti] (18633/12359 -1)
Vocabulary: jetty
(once / 4383 pages)
n
A jetty is a narrow structure that's built to stretch from land out into the water. Some jetties act as docks or piers for boats.
A man-made jetty is often a protective barrier against beach erosion, and it also provides pedestrians access to boats or fishing areas. Jetties are generally made of concrete, wood, or stone. Jetty comes from the French jetee, which means both "a throw" and "a projecting part of a structure," or "a part that's 'thrown out' beyond the main structure."
WORD FAMILY
jetty: jetties
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sheepshead and black drum are good at the jetty on live shrimp.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Fishing grounds north of Salt Point through the North Jetty of Humboldt Bay will remain closed.
Washington Times(Dec 02, 2016)
Between July and October 2013, contractors for the Corps excavated 5 to 7 feet into the sand where the South Jetty meets the Clatsop Spit.
Washington Times(Nov 12, 2016)
Back: n. 防波堤; 码头; [建]建筑物的突出部
adj. 乌黑发亮的; 黑玉似的
vi. 突出，伸出
分布：码头(42%)，防波堤(30%)，伸出(8%)，黑玉般的(5%)，漆黑的(5%)，墨黑的(5%)，突堤(5%)
→来自古法语jetee,突堤，建筑物突出物，来自jeter,扔，抛出，词源同jet,project.引申词义码头，栈桥。
US ['dʒetˌ-] noun countable
■a wooden or stone structure which is built in the water at the edge of a sea or lake and is used by people getting on and off boats 登岸码头，突堤，栈桥
n. 码头；防波堤
 - landing, pier
vi. 伸出
 - jut out, loll out, stick sth out

Word: inadequately
Front: inadequately
[ɪn'ædɪkwətlɪ] (18762/14007)
Back: adv. 不充足地; 不适当地; 不足胜任地
分布：不够好地(67%)，不够地(33%)
ADJ-GRADED
不充分的;不足的;不够好的
If something is inadequate, there is not enough of it or it is not good enough.
例：Supplies of food and medicines are inadequate...食物和药品供应不足。
例：The problem goes far beyond inadequate staffing.问题远非人手不足那么简单。
ADJ-GRADED
不够格的;不能胜任的;不适合的
If someone feels inadequate, they feel that they do not have the qualities and abilities necessary to do something or to cope with life in general.
例：I still feel inadequate, useless and mixed up...我仍然感到自己能力不够,毫无用处,整个儿一团糟。
例：Mary Ann felt painfully inadequate in the crisis.意识到自己在这场危机中无能为力，玛丽·安感到很痛苦。
adv. 不适当地；不够好地
 - improperly, inappropriately

Word: well-heeled
Front: well-heeled
['welh'i:ld] None
Back: adj. 富有的，穿着考究的
分布：富有的(100%)
adjective informal
■rich 富有的，有钱的
• His family was very well-heeled. 他的家庭非常富有。
[ˌwel'hi:ld] plural noun
the well-heeled
■rich people 有钱人，富人
• The shop attracted a loyal following among the well-heeled. 这家商店吸引了一批有钱的忠实顾客。
adj. 富有的；穿着考究的
 - rich, wealthy

Word: pinched
Front: pinched
[pɪntʃt] (18759/21928)
Back: adj. 短缺的，匮乏的
v. 夹痛( pinch的过去式和过去分词 ); 逮捕; 盗窃; 使入不敷出
分布：收缩的(35%)，压紧的(33%)，病恹恹的(16%)，动词pinch的过去式和过去分词形式.(16%)
adjective
■describes someone's face when it is thin and pale （脸）消瘦的，苍白清瘦的
• He had that pinched look which suggests poverty and lack of nourishment. 他面容那么消瘦，可想而知他穷困潦倒、营养不良。
adj. 压紧的；痛苦的；困难的；收缩的
 - difficult, painful, hard, tough, bitter

Word: cremate
Front: cremate
[krəˈmeɪt] (18777/21941 -1)
Vocabulary: cremate
(once / 4815 pages)
v
When you cremate something, you burn it until only ashes are left. The word cremate is most often used to describe the ceremonial burning of dead bodies.
If you burn a grilled cheese sandwich and there is nothing but black ashes left in the pan, you can say you cremated it. Usually, however, people use the verb cremate when they're talking about a practical or ceremonial burning of a body. Many people are cremated after dying, with their ashy remains either buried or scattered in a beautiful place. The Latin root word is cremare, "to burn or consume by fire."
WORD FAMILY
cremate: cremated, cremates, cremating, cremation, crematory+/cremation: cremations/crematory: crematories
USAGE EXAMPLES
At least 14 women - presumably of high status - were identified from cremated remains buried at the site between four and five thousand years ago.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
At the funeral home before Mikaya, 24 years old, was cremated, her younger son, Reed, clung to her through the open casket.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 15, 2016)
“This is why Texas will require clinics and hospitals to bury or cremate human and fetal remains.”
Washington Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: vt. 火葬，火化; 烧成灰
时态：cremated, cremating, cremates
分布：火葬(100%)
→来自ker, 火，燃烧，词源同carbon, hearth.
US ['kri:.meɪt] verb transitive
■to burn a dead person's body, usually as part of a funeral ceremony 火葬；火化，焚烧（尸体）
vt. 火葬；烧成灰
 - incremate

Word: energetically
Front: energetically
[ˌenə'dʒetɪklɪ] (18803/18656)
Back: adv. 精力充沛地，积极地; 大力; 上劲; 起劲
分布：精力充沛地(55%)，积极地(45%)
ADJ-GRADED
充满活力的;精力充沛的;积极主动的
If you are energetic in what you do, you have a lot of enthusiasm and determination.
例：Blackwell is 59, strong looking and enormously energetic...布莱克韦尔59岁，身体强壮且精力极其充沛。
例：The next government will play an energetic role in seeking multilateral nuclear disarmament.下届政府将积极寻求多边核裁军。
ADJ-GRADED
（人）精力旺盛的;（活动）剧烈的，费力气的
An energetic person is very active and does not feel at all tired. An energetic activity involves a lot of physical movement and power.
例：Ten year-olds are incredibly energetic.10岁的孩子精力格外旺盛。
例：...an energetic exercise routine.高强度的日常锻炼
adv. 积极地；精力充沛地
 - actively, zealously

Word: intercut
Front: intercut
[ˌɪntəˈkʌt] (18946/44610)
Back: v. 使镜头交切，作镜头交切
分布：作镜头交切(50%)，使镜头交切(50%)
VERB
在(影片)中作镜头交切;在…中穿插
If a film is intercut with particular images, those images appear regularly throughout the film.
例：The film is set in a night club and intercut with images of gangland London...电影的故事发生在一家夜总会内,其中不断穿插伦敦黑社会的镜头。
例：He intercuts scenes of Rex getting more and more desperate with scenes of the abductor with his family.他在雷克斯逐步陷入绝望和劫持者与他家人一起的场景之间相交切。

Word: descriptor
Front: descriptor
[dɪˈskrɪptə(r)] (18859/28505)
Back: n. 描述符
分布：描述符(100%)

Word: salami
Front: salami
[səˈlɑ:mi] (18767/16975)
Back: n. 意大利腊肠
分布：意大利香肠(75%)，意大利蒜味腊肠(25%)
→来自意大利语 salami,复数格于 salame,腌猪肉条，香肠，来自通俗拉丁语*salamen,盐渍物， 来自 sal,盐，词源同 salt,-men,名词后缀。
noun uncountable
■a large sausage made from meat and spices which has a strong taste and is usually eaten cold in slices 莎乐美香肠，萨拉米香肠

Word: repute
Front: repute
[rɪˈpju:t] (托宝 18809/11412)
Vocabulary: repute
(once / 112 pages)
nv
A person of great or fine repute is someone who's widely known and highly respected. The word has a stuffy feel, so you're better off describing a cellist as being of great repute than, say, a rapper or comedian.
Like the words reputation and putative, repute comes from the Latin word putare, which means "consider." And the re? Let's say that the cellist Yo-Yo Ma is widely respected. That means a lot of people consider him to be great. He's considered great not just once but again (and again and again).
WORD FAMILY
repute: disrepute, reputable, reputation, reputed, reputes, reputing+/disreputability: disreputabilities/ disreputable: disreputability, disreputableness, disreputably/reputability: reputabilities/ reputable: disreputable, reputability, reputably/ reputation: reputations
USAGE EXAMPLES
O’Driscoll, the Real IRA’s reputed former chief of staff, was pronounced dead two hours later at Cork’s hospital.
Seattle Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Ross, reputed to be worth $3bn, has been called the “king of bankruptcy” for buying troubled companies and restructuring.
The Guardian(Nov 24, 2016)
I’ve even given him a name, borrowed from the ancient Greek reputed to be the first actor in history.
The New Yorker(Nov 24, 2016)
Back: n. 名气; 美名; 声望; 名誉
vt. 把…称为，认为
时态：reputed, reputing, reputes
分布：名声(50%)，名气(22%)，声望(18%)，认为(7%)，以为(3%)
→re-,再，重新，-put,思考，计算，词源同 putative,compute.即需重新考虑的，引申词义名誉， 名声，以及贬义词义听说，耳闻。
名声,名誉(re再+pute→再让人想起的东西→名声)[put=think,表示"认为,思考"]
【参】reputable（adj 著名的）；reputation（n 名誉）；reputed（adj 名誉好的；被普遍认为的）
【反】opprobrium（n 不名誉；责骂）；lack of distinction（不知名）
[rɪ'pju:t] formal
noun
ill/good, etc. repute
■when someone or something has a bad/good, etc. reputation 坏／好名声等
• a place of ill repute 声名狼藉的地方
[rɪ'pju:t] formal
noun
hold sb in high / low repute
■to respect someone very much/very little 尊重／轻视（某人）
• My father was held in high repute by his colleagues. 我父亲深得他同事的尊重。
n. 名誉；声望
 - credit, name, prestige
vt. 名誉；认为；把…称为
 - expect, count, guess, find, feel

Word: Inter-American
Front: Inter-American
[ˌintərəˈmerikən] None
Back: adj. 美洲国家之间的
分布：美洲国家之间的(100%)

Word: buttered
Front: buttered
[ˈbʌtəd] (18784/21002)
Back: v. 抹黄油于…上( butter的过去式和过去分词 )
分布：黄油(67%)，奶油(26%)，奉承(4%)，涂黄油(3%)
N-MASS
黄油；牛油
Butter is a soft yellow substance made from cream. You spread it on bread or use it in cooking.
例：...bread and butter...面包和黄油
例：Pour the melted butter into a large mixing bowl.把熔化的黄油倒在一个搅拌用的大碗里。
VERB
给…抹上黄油；涂黄油于
If you butter something such as bread or toast, you spread butter on it.
例：She spread pieces of bread on the counter and began buttering them.她把几片面包摆在台上，开始抹黄油。
例：...buttered scones.抹过黄油的烤饼
PHRASE
明白自己的利益所在；善于为自己打算
If you say that someone knows what side their bread is buttered on, you mean that they know what to do or who to please in order to stay in a good situation or to avoid a bad one.
例：These chaps know what side their bread's buttered on.这些家伙知道怎样做对他们有利。

Word: gang
Front: gang
[gæŋ] (研四六雅 2614/3549 -3)
Vocabulary: gang
(once / 263 pages)
1nv 2n
A gang is an association or group of criminals. Often, members of one gang will fight violently with another gang.
People join gangs for the sense of belonging, as well as for protection by other members. A gang usually claims an area as its territory and defends it against other gangs or unaffiliated criminals. You can also use gang for a group of friends or workers: "A whole gang of us went to the movies together." The Old English root, gang, means "journey." Today's definition comes from the idea of "a band of people traveling together."
WORD FAMILY
gang: gangdom, ganged, ganger, ganging, gangs, gangster +/ganger: gangers/ gangster: gangsters
USAGE EXAMPLES
The riot was sparked by a clash between two gangs in the prison and reflects shifting allegiances among Brazil’s powerful narco-trafficking groups, authorities said.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
A prison chaplain said the riot began after a fight between rival gangs.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Gun deaths are common in heists, holdups and in confrontations among police, drug gangs and other criminals in Brazil, but targeted mass shootings are rare.
Reuters(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 帮派，团体; 盗贼等的)一帮; （工具，机械等的）一套; 〈美俚〉棒球队
vt. 使结成一帮; 成群地袭击
vi. 结伙行动
时态：ganged, ganging, gangs
分布：一伙(53%)，一群(40%)，结成一伙(5%)，结伙袭击(2%)
→来自ghengh, 走，词源同go(有争议)。即走的一群人。
n.一帮,一群,一伙The language angel hanged up the gang and banged them at the angle of the triangle.语文天使将那伙人吊起朝三角形的角上猛撞.
noun countable [+ sing/pl verb]
 IMPROVER
■a group of young people, especially young men, who spend time together, often fighting with other groups and behaving badly （尤指年轻男人组成的聚众打斗、行为恶劣的）一帮，帮派，团伙，集团
• Fights among rival gangs account for most murders in the city. 这座城市中，绝大多数凶杀案件都是敌对帮派之间的殴斗引起的。
■a group of criminals who work together 犯罪集团；黑帮
• a gang of armed robbers 武装抢劫集团
■informal
■a group of friends 一群朋友；（朋友的）一伙，一帮
• She was in our gang at school. 上学时她是我们一伙的。
• I went out with the usual gang from college on Friday night. 星期五晚上我和大学的一帮老朋友一起到外面玩乐去了。
■a group of workers or prisoners who work together （一起干活的）一群工人，一群囚犯
• a gang of labourers 一群体力工人 ，劳工
[gæŋ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  gang up disapproving
■to unite as a group against someone （为了反对某人）结伙，联合起来，拉帮结派
• They all ganged up to try and get him to change his decision. 他们联合起来，试图使他改变决定。
• The whole class ganged up against/on her because she was the teacher's pet. 因为老师偏爱她，所以整个班上的学生都合伙跟她作对。
band, mob, masses, gang, swarm, group, throug, crowd
这组词都有“群，帮，伙”的意思，其区别是：
band: 多指一群有明确宗旨，为共同目的而结合在一起的人，常含贬义。
mob: 指无组织、乱七八糟凑合在一起的乌合之众，或指聚集在一起寻衅滋事的人群，多为暴徒。
masses: 指群众或人民大众。
gang: 常指从事非法、暴力或敌对活动的帮派或团伙。有时呈中性，词义同group。
swarm: 指人数众多，杂乱无章，不停移动的一群人。
group: 普通用词，通常指有组织、有秩序的一群人，也可指无意汇集在一起的一群人。
throug: 书面用词，意义接近crowd，侧重密集地挤在一起的一群，含挤在一起向前推进之意。
crowd: 常指无组织地乱哄哄地挤在一起的人群。
n. 群；一伙；一组
 - cluster, bunch, qun

Word: newness
Front: newness
[nju:nəs] (18808/20517)
Back: n. 新，新奇
分布：新奇(57%)，崭新(38%)，不熟悉(5%)
ADJ-GRADED
新的;刚出现的;新做的;新建的
Something that is new has been recently created, built, or invented or is in the process of being created, built, or invented.
例：They've just opened a new hotel in the Stoke area...他们刚在斯托克地区开了一家新宾馆。
例：The new invention ensures the beer keeps a full, frothy head.这项新发明能保证啤酒始终保持丰富的泡沫。
ADJ
崭新的;未使用过的
Something that is new has not been used or owned by anyone.
例：That afternoon she went out and bought a new dress...那天下午她出门买了一件新裙子。
例：There are many boats, new and used, for sale...有很多新旧不一的船待售。
ADJ
更新的;替换的
You use new to describe something which has replaced another thing, for example because you no longer have the old one, or it no longer exists, or it is no longer useful.
例：Under the new rules, some factories will cut emissions by as much as 90 percent...按照新规定，一些工厂的减排量要高达90%。
例：I had been in my new job only a few days...我到新的工作岗位只有几天的时间。
ADJ
新发现的;刚注意到的
New is used to describe something that has only recently been discovered or noticed.
例：The new planet is about ten times the size of the earth.新发现的行星大约是地球的10倍那么大。
ADJ
(一天或一年)新开始的，初始的
A new day or year is the beginning of the next day or year.
例：The start of a new year is a good time to reflect on the many achievements of the past...新年伊始是反思过去一年诸多成就的好时机。
例：The next election is for the government to take us into the new century.下次选举要选出带领我们进入新世纪的政府。
ADJ
(身份、地位等)新近获得的
New is used to describe someone or something that has recently acquired a particular status or position.
例：...the usual exhaustion of a new mother...刚做妈妈的人通常会有的疲惫感
例：The Association gives a free handbook to all new members.协会给新成员人手一本免费手册。
ADJ-GRADED
新接触的;不熟悉的
If you are new to a situation or place, or if the situation or place is new to you, you have not previously seen it or had any experience of it.
例：She wasn't new to the company...公司对她早有耳闻。
例：His name was new to me then and it stayed in my mind...当时我是第一次听到他的名字，就记住了。
ADJ
(土豆、胡萝卜、豆子等)时鲜的，早的
New potatoes, carrots, or peas are produced early in the season for such vegetables and are usually small with a sweet flavour.
n. 新奇；崭新
 - novelty, originality

Word: lightbulb
Front: lightbulb
None None
Back: n. 灯泡
[网络] 电灯泡；发光体；电灯用的灯泡
分布：电灯泡(100%)

Word: checked
Front: checked
[tʃekt] (18773/21001)
Back: adj. 方格图案的; 受阻的; 封闭的
v. 检查，核对(check的过去式和过去分词)
分布：格子花纹的(67%)，棋盘花纹的(33%)
→来自check, 棋盘。
[tʃekt/ (also UK chequered) (US checkered)
adjective
■with a pattern of squares formed by lines of different colours crossing each other （彩色）方格图案
• a red and white checked tablecloth 红白相间的格子桌布
v. 检查（check的过去式和过去分词）
 - examined, inspected

Word: Hawaiian

Word: disgraceful
Front: disgraceful
[dɪsˈgreɪsfl] (18807/11951 -1)
Back: adj. 可耻的，丢脸的; 不光彩的，不名誉的; 丑; 臭
分布：可耻的(68%)，不光彩的(32%)
adjective
■very bad 可耻的，丢脸的，不光彩的
• disgraceful behaviour/conduct 可耻的行为
• a disgraceful situation 不光彩的局面
• She thought that their attitude was absolutely disgraceful. 她认为他们的态度非常可耻。
• [+ that] It is disgraceful that children can get hold of drugs at school. 孩子在学校里竟然能搞到毒品，真是太不像话了。
adj. 不名誉的，可耻的
 - dishonorable, inglorious

Word: skim
Front: skim
[skɪm] (研四六托雅宝 8515/9925 -1)
Vocabulary: skim
(once / 927 pages)
1vnadj 2vn 3v
To skim is to remove something from the surface of a liquid. Some cooks skim the fat off of the top of their chicken noodle soup, others skim the cream off milk to make skim (or skimmed) milk.
Cream is what you skim off the surface of milk, and if you don't like the whipped version, you might skim it from your hot chocolate. Another way to use the word skim is to mean "read quickly," like when you skim the newspaper, catching just the headlines as you search for the comics section. Skim has an Old French root, escumer, "remove scum," from escume, "scum." The "glance through a book" meaning came later, in the late 1700’s.
WORD FAMILY
skim: skiming, skimmed, skimmer, skimming, skims+/skimmer: skimmers/skimming: skimmings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Skim the fat off the top with a ladle and discard.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Fairley was convicted Sept. 12 on three counts of conspiracy and theft for skimming money from a federal housing program.
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Fairley was convicted Sept. 12 on three counts of conspiracy and theft in a federal case involving money skimmed from a federal housing program.
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: v. 略读; 撇去; 使掠过; （为逃税而）隐瞒（部分收入）
adj. 脱脂的; 撇去浮沫的
n. 撇; 撇去的东西; 瞒报所得的收入
时态：skimmed, skimming, skims
分布：掠过(37%)，略读(25%)，撇去(22%)，浮沫(6%)，滑过(4%)，脱脂物(4%)，表面凝结(2%)
vt.撇去(液体表面)之漂浮物vi.轻轻掠过A swallow flew west skimming the lake.一只燕子掠过湖面往西飞.
【记】从液体中skim掉液体的skin。
[skɪm] (-mm-)
verb
MOVE ABOVE 在上方移动
   intransitive or transitive
■to move quickly just above a surface without touching it 掠过，擦过（表面）
• The birds skimmed (across/along/over) the tops of the waves. 鸟儿从浪头上飞过。
transitive UK (US skip)
■to throw a flat stone horizontally over water so that it touches and rises off the surface several times 扔（石块）打水漂
• We watched a child skimming stones across the lake. 我们看着一个孩子在湖上打水漂。
[skɪm] (-mm-)
verb
CONSIDER QUICKLY 快速考虑
   intransitive or transitive
■to read or consider something quickly in order to understand the main points, without studying it in detail 浏览，粗略地考虑
• I've only skimmed (through/over) his letter; I haven't read it carefully yet. 我只是大致看了一遍他的来信，还没有细读。
• We've only skimmed the surface of (= considered a small part of) the problem. 我们只是粗浅地讨论了一下这个问题。
[skɪm] (-mm-)
verb
REMOVE 移开
   transitive
■to remove something solid from the surface of a liquid （从液体表面）撇去
• Strain the cooking liquid and skim off the fat. 把熬好的汤过滤，撇去油脂。
[skɪm] (-mm-)
verb
STEAL 偷
   transitive
■to secretly use a piece of equipment that records someone's credit card details when they are paying for something, in order to use their credit card account illegally 盗取（信用卡密码等）（用一种设备暗中纪录某人为某物支付时的信用卡详细细节，以便非法使用他们的信用卡帐户）
[skɪm] (-mm-)
verb
  Phrasal Verbs  skim sb/sth off
■to choose the best people or things from a group 挑选
• We've skimmed off the six people who seem to be the most suitable for the job. 我们挑选了六个看起来最适合该项工作的人。
devor, read, scan, skim
这组词都有“读、阅读”的意思，其区别是：
devor: 指贪婪地读，暗含对某些作者或作品迷恋之义。
read: 最普通用词，含义广泛。既指朗读又可指默读。
scan: 指快速扫视文章等以抓住其要旨。
skim: 指略读或浏览。
vt. 略读；撇去…的浮物；从…表面飞掠而过；去除；（为逃税而）隐瞒（部分收入）
 - conceal, hold back
vi. 浏览；掠过
 - page, brush
adj. 脱脂的；撇去浮沫的；表层的
 - nonfat, defatted

Word: coddle
Front: coddle
[ˈkɒdl] (托宝 18813/40523)
Vocabulary: coddle
(once / 6264 pages)
1v 2v
While it is okay for parents to coddle, spoil, or pamper a young child, it’s a little unnerving when parents coddle, or pamper adult children. And downright weird when adult children wear Pampers.
Coddle is an old word. Originally, it meant to cook gently in water that is near boiling, as in coddling an egg. It most likely gained its association with pampering and taking care of someone via a drink made for invalids that was prepared by coddling. “Mollycoddle,” a synonym for coddle, originally meant a person who coddles himself, or an effeminate man.
WORD FAMILY
coddle: coddled, coddler, coddles, coddling+/coddler: coddlers
USAGE EXAMPLES
This coddling of men on screen isn’t only a result of cultural gender norms, but how the film business itself reaffirms those limiting ideas.
Salon(Dec 26, 2016)
In addition to larger rooms or softer sheets, big spenders want to be coddled nowadays.
New York Times(Apr 23, 2016)
Starr acknowledged that his actions often riled other administrators who thought that he occasionally coddled student athletes.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vt. 悉心照料，娇惯
时态：coddled, coddling, coddles
分布：溺爱(47%)，用文火煮(30%)，娇养(23%)
→来自拉丁词calidium, 热饮，词源同calorie, 卡路里。后词义由温暖到溺爱。
【记】co共同，dd逗逗（弟弟），le乐：一起逗小孩乐－溺爱
US ['kɑ:.dl] verb transitive
COOK 烹调
■to cook food, especially eggs, in water just below boiling temperature （尤指把鸡蛋在稍低于沸点的水中）煮嫩，煮软
• coddled eggs 煨煮的鸡蛋
UK ['kɒd.l] US ['kɑ:.dl] verb transitive
PROTECT 保护
■to protect someone or something too much 娇养；溺爱；悉心呵护
• The steel industry is coddled by trade protection and massive subsidies. 钢铁产业受到贸易保护和巨额补贴的双重呵护。
vt. 娇养；溺爱（等于mollycoddle）；用文火煮
 - cocker, dote upon

Word: hereby
Front: hereby
[ˌhɪəˈbaɪ] (18812/13022)
Vocabulary: hereby
(once / 1280 pages)
adv
Use the adverb hereby to mean "as a result of what I'm saying right now." For example, your bus driver might announce, "All cellphones on the bus must hereby be turned off and put away."
The word hereby is especially useful for people who are issuing proclamations or reading from formal documents. A king might once have declared, "These lands are all hereby claimed in the name of me, the king!" And when you're on a long family car trip your dad might shout, "I hereby announce that I am in charge of the radio!" Hereby has been used in English since the thirteenth century.
WORD FAMILY
hereby: herebys
USAGE EXAMPLES
He ends by saying that "hereby everyone is cordially invited".
BBC(Dec 26, 2016)
But since I’ve appointed myself King of Permission Granting, I hereby grant everyone the permission to declare the #CrushIt decade finished.
New York Times(Dec 19, 2016)
“I hereby reject the results in totality,” he said in his address that aired late Friday.
Seattle Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: adv. 以此方式，特此
分布：特此(100%)
US [ˌhɪr-] adverb formal or legal
■with these words or with this action 以此，特此
• I hereby pronounce you man and wife. 我特此宣布你们结为夫妻。
adv. 以此方式，据此；特此
 - thereunder

Word: bitch
Front: bitch
[bɪtʃ] (5650/5873 -2)
Vocabulary: bitch
(once / 2903 pages)
1n 2n 3vn
Bitch is a commonly used slang word that is nonetheless vulgar when you throw it at a woman or a man. The word originally meant, and still means, a female dog.
This word for a female pooch has evolved to a more common meaning: a woman you don't like. In those cases, a bitch is kind of a female jerk, although feminists would argue that the term often gets unfairly thrown at any strong willed, assertive woman. Many males call each other bitch, too, implying that the other guy is a weakling. Another common use is bitching or to bitch and moan, meaning to complain about something.
WORD FAMILY
bitch: bitched, bitchery, bitches, bitching, bitchy+/bitchery: bitcheries/bitchy: bitchiest, bitchily, bitchiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Messages range from “Long live D. Trump” to “I Have a Dream” to “Follow your bliss” to “He is our President, stop bitching.”
Salon(Nov 29, 2016)
WATCH: Trump supporter calls women "Hillary Bitches" on flight to Allentown.
The Guardian(Nov 28, 2016)
WATCH: Trump supporter calls women “Hillary Bitches” on flight to Allentown.
Washington Times(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: n. 母狗; 淫妇; 牢骚事; 坏女人
vi. 埋怨; 发牢骚; 挖苦; （背后）说坏话
vt. 把…搞糟; 弄坏; 抱怨; 埋怨
时态：bitched, bitching, bitches
分布：母狗(62%)，埋怨(19%)，搞砸(19%)
→词源同peck, 啄，咬。t为插入字母。
noun
ANIMAL 动物
countable
■a female dog 母狗
[bɪtʃ] noun
UNPLEASANT PERSON 坏人
countable offensive
■an unkind or unpleasant woman 坏女人；悍妇
• She can be a real bitch. 她真是个坏女人。
[bɪtʃ] noun
PROBLEM 麻烦
only singular informal
■something which causes difficulties or problems, or which is unpleasant 带来麻烦的事；令人讨厌的事
• I've had a bitch of a week at work. 我这星期的工作很不顺利。
[bɪtʃ] noun
COMPLAINT 抱怨
only singular informal
■when you complain or talk unkindly about people 抱怨，牢骚
• Most of us enjoy having a (good) bitch from time to time. 我们大多数人都喜欢不时地（痛快地）发牢骚。
[bɪtʃ] noun
CONTROLLED PERSON 被控制的人
countable offensive slang
■someone who will do everything you tell them to do because you have complete control over them 被控制的人
[bɪtʃ] noun
life's a bitch (and then you die)
■said when you find a situation difficult or have had a bad experience 人生真受罪
[bɪtʃ] verb intransitive informal
■to complain and make unkind remarks about someone or something 抱怨；挖苦；说坏话
• She's always bitching about Tanya. 她总是说塔亚坏话。
n. 母狗，母狼；泼妇；牢骚事
 - she-wolf, slut
vt. 糟蹋；弄糟
 - hash up, run into the ground
vi. 发牢骚
 - complain, whine about, pinge

Word: premarital
Front: premarital
[ˌpri:ˈmærɪtl] (18747/41437)
Back: adj. 婚前的
分布：婚前的(100%)
→pre-,在前，早于，marital,婚姻的。
US [-'mer.ə.tˌəl] adjective [before noun]
■before marriage 婚前的
• premarital sex 婚前性行为
• premarital counselling 婚前咨询服务
adj. 婚前的
 - antemarital

Word: tramp
Front: tramp
[træmp] (研四六雅宝 16137/8896 -1)
Vocabulary: tramp
(once / 324 pages)
1vn 2nv 3n
Tramp means to walk or stomp heavily. Your midnight tramp to the kitchen for milk and cookies doesn't thrill your downstairs neighbors.
Tramp comes from the German trampen, for "stamp." If you walk heavily, people will say you tramp, but if you're going on a tramp, that means you're going for a long walk or hike. If someone calls you a tramp, they either mean you're a slut or a hobo — each meaning comes vagrant, or wanderer, and the low-life behaviors associated with vagrants.
WORD FAMILY
tramp: tramped, tramper, tramping, tramps+/tramper: trampers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Guillot’s days are spent tramping across some of the country’s most expensive real estate, and he’s played a key role in the landscape’s transformation.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 30, 2016)
"I've tried hard and failed miserably, I've used up one pair of shoes tramping around trying to find this address without success."
BBC(Nov 11, 2016)
The rise in the number of discoveries reflects a growing interest in tramping around in muddy fields with metal detectors.
Economist(Nov 10, 2016)
Back: vi. 步行; 踩; 踏; 漂泊
vt. 践踏; 踏实; 步行穿过…
n. 流浪汉; 妓女; 游民，流浪汉; 徒步旅行，远足
时态：tramped, tramping, tramps
分布：流浪汉(66%)，践踏(13%)，步行(12%)，徒步(5%)，淫妇(3%)，重脚步声(1%)
→来自低地德语 trampen,踩，踏，跺脚，来自 Proto-Germanic*tremp-,踩，踏，来自 IE*der,步 行，走，跑，词源同 tread,trap.-amp,表音缀，比较 clamp,dump,lump.引申词义流浪汉，流浪 者等。
v.踩,踏,步行,跋涉,重步行走The tramp from the tram swamped the ham hamburger with shampoo.来自有轨电车的流浪者用洗发水淹没火腿汉堡.
noun
POOR PERSON 穷人
countable
■a person with no home, job or money who travels around and asks for money from other people 流浪汉；流浪乞丐
[træmp] noun
WOMAN 女人
countable US slang disapproving
■a woman who has sex often, with a lot of different partners 荡妇，淫妇
[træmp] noun
WALK 走
only singular
■the sound of people all walking together with heavy steps （众人一齐走时发出的）沉重的脚步声
• The streets echoed with the tramp of soldiers' feet. 街上回荡着士兵们重重的脚步声。
countable
■a long walk 长途跋涉，长途步行
• The girls went for a tramp through the countryside. 女孩去乡间远足。
[træmp] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition transitive
■to walk, especially long distances or with heavy steps （尤指长距离地）重步行走，踩，踏
• to tramp through the forest/undergrowth 在森林里／灌木丛中跋涉
• We spent a week tramping the streets of Rome, looking for movie locations. 我们花了一个星期时间在罗马的街道上四处奔走，寻找拍摄电影的外景地。
vi. 流浪；践踏，踩；脚步沉重地行走
 - step, vagabondize
n. 流浪者；沉重的脚步声；徒步旅行
 - Vagabonds, Nads
vt. 践踏，踩；走过
 - ride down, tread on sth

Word: fart
Front: fart
[fɑ:t] (18709/22548 -1)
Vocabulary: fart
(once / 23686 pages)
vn
We don’t all like to admit it, but we all fart. That is, we all pass smelly gas out of our anus.
Kids — and a few adults too — find farting funny. If someone lets out a long fart during church or class, someone is bound to laugh. However, the teacher probably won’t laugh, and the culprit could be in big trouble. Be careful about accusing others of farting, because one of the oldest rules of the schoolyard is “He who smelt it, dealt it.” A less slangy word for fart is flatulence.
WORD FAMILY
fart: farted, farting, farts
Back: vi. <讳>放屁
n. <讳>放屁; 讨厌的人; 令人厌烦的人; 蠢人
时态：farted, farting, farts
分布：屁(54%)，放屁(42%)，闲荡(3%)，过时的人(1%)
→拟声词，模仿放屁的声音。
US [fɑ:rt] verb intransitive very informal
■to release gas from the bowels through the bottom 放屁
UK [fɑ:t] US [fɑ:rt] verb intransitive very informal
  Phrasal Verbs  fart about/around UK offensive
■to waste time doing silly or unnecessary things 闲荡；浪荡；无所事事
• Stop farting about and help me tidy up. 别闲荡了，来帮我收拾吧。
UK [fɑ:t] US [fɑ:rt] noun countable
PERSON 人 offensive
■a boring, annoying or unpleasant person 令人厌烦的人；讨厌的人
• He's a pompous old fart. 他是个自负又烦人的老东西。
UK [fɑ:t] US [fɑ:rt] noun countable
GAS 气体 very informal
■an escape of gas from the bowels 放屁
• to do a fart 放屁
n. 屁，放屁
 - broken wind, flatus
vi. 放屁
 - break wind, pass wind

Word: governorship
Front: governorship
['gʌvənəʃɪp] (18802/27023)
Back: n. 总督（或州长等地方行政长官）的职位（或职责、任期）
分布：名词(100%)
US [-ɚ.nɚ-] noun uncountable
■the period of time that someone is a governor 州长（或总督、董事等）的任期
• His governorship was marked by fairness and prosperity. 他任州长期间政绩卓著，社会公平，经济繁荣。

Word: monochrome
Front: monochrome
[ˈmɒnəkrəʊm] (托宝 18726/21074)
Vocabulary: monochrome
(once / 14138 pages)
adjn
Things that are monochrome have different tones or shades of only one color. If you prefer to use monochrome film, it means that you love black and white photography.
Use the adjective monochrome to describe something that's a single color. If you've ever watched an old black-and-white movie, you know what monochrome film looks like. You can also call a black-and-white photograph a monochrome. The Greek root, monochromos, means "of a single color," from monos, "single or one," and khroma, "color." Originally, it referred to art drawn or painted in tones of one color.
WORD FAMILY
monochrome: monochromatic, monochromes, monochromic, monochromous
USAGE EXAMPLES
They are a real competitor to the colorful use of the voice, which doesn’t happen with a piano, which is monochrome.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Obviously, the Sharks weren’t entirely monochrome – their expansion uniforms also featured black, white and silver.
The Guardian(Nov 23, 2016)
De La Soul’s recent effort this year proved exactly how halfway attempts to modernize your sound can lead to it seeming monochrome.
Washington Post(Nov 15, 2016)
Back: n. 单色画，单色照片，黑白照片
adj. 单色的，黑白的
分布：单色(61%)，单色的(20%)，黑白的(14%)，单色画法(5%)
→mono-,单个的，-chrome,颜色，词源同chromatic,chromosome.
单色的(mono单个+chrome颜色)[ehrom=color,表示"颜色"]
US ['mɑ:.nə.kroʊm] adjective
COLOUR 颜色
■using only black, white and grey, or using only one colour 黑白的；单色的
• Kodak still produces monochrome film. 柯达公司依然生产黑白胶片。
• The park in winter is a depressing monochrome brown. 冬季公园里是一片令人抑郁的单调棕色。
UK ['mɒn.ə.krəʊm] US ['mɑ:.nə.kroʊm] adjective
BORING 沉闷的 mainly UK not interesting or exciting 单调的，乏味的
• a monochrome, dreary existence 单调沉闷的生活
n. [光] 单色；单色画
 - homochromatism, solid color
adj. [光] 单色的；黑白的
 - unicolor, homochromous

Word: cuticle
Front: cuticle
[ˈkju:tɪkl] (托宝 18707/26181)
Back: n. （手指甲或脚趾甲根部的）外皮
分布：表皮(49%)，角质层(38%)，外皮(13%)
→来自skeu, 遮盖，保护，词源同hide, house, custody.
【记】cut切，icle小东西：切下来的小东西－表皮
US [-tˌɪ-] noun countable
■the thin skin at the base of the nails on the fingers and toes （指甲或趾甲根部的）角质层
n. [生物] 角质层； [解剖] 表皮；护膜
 - periostracum, stratum corneum

Word: spectrometer
Front: spectrometer
[spekˈtrɒmɪtə(r)] (18712/29338)
Back: n. 分光计，分光仪; 谱仪
分布：光谱仪(80%)，分光计(20%)
→spectro-,光谱，-meter,仪器。

Word: wok
Front: wok
[wɒk] (18705/38328)
Back: n. 锅，炒菜锅
分布：锅(89%)，炒菜锅(11%)
→广东话。
US [wɑ:k] noun countable
■a large, bowl-shaped, Chinese pan used for frying food quickly in hot oil （中国的）炒锅，镬子
• Heat some oil in a wok, then add the vegetables and stir-fry for two minutes. 锅里放些油加热，然后再加入蔬菜翻炒两分钟。
n. 锅（源自广东话）；炒菜锅
 - hollowware

Word: psychopathology
Front: psychopathology
[ˌsaɪkəʊpəˈθɒlədʒi] (18791/40250)
Back: n. 精神病理学
分布：精神病理学(80%)，精神错乱(20%)
→psycho-,精神，心理，pathology,病理学。
US [-koʊ.pə'θɑ:.lə-] noun uncountable
■the study of mental diseases 精神病理学
• She's doing an MPhil in psychopathology. 她在攻读精神病理学的硕士学位。

Word: corkscrew
Front: corkscrew
[ˈkɔ:kskru:] (18774/20999)
Back: n. 开塞钻，螺丝锥
adj. 拔钻形的，螺旋形的
v. 硬拉出，探听，作螺旋状前进
时态：corkscrewed, corkscrewing, corkscrews
分布：探听(27%)，螺丝锥(23%)，拔塞钻(17%)，拔钻形的(11%)，强硬地拉出(11%)，作螺旋状的前进(11%)
→来自cork和screw的组合词。
US ['kɔ:rk-] noun countable
■a device for removing corks from bottles, which consists of a handle with a twisted metal rod to screw into the cork and pull it out （拔软木塞的）瓶塞钻，螺丝起子
UK ['kɔ:k.skru:] US ['kɔ:rk-] adjective [before noun]
■tightly twisted or curled 螺旋形的
• Her daughter's hair is a mass of wonderful red corkscrew curls. 她女儿留了一头漂亮的红色鬈发。
vt. 硬拉出；探听
 - poke into, nose about
adj. 螺旋形的
 - helical, spiral, gyroidal
n. 螺丝锥
 - gimlet
vi. 曲折行进
 - zigzag

Word: songwriting
Front: songwriting
['sɒŋraɪtɪŋ] (18799/28838)
Back: 歌曲创作
分布：作词(100%)
n. 作曲；作词
 - composition

Word: unplugged
Front: unplugged
[ˌʌn'plʌɡd] (18806/35386)
Back: v. 拔去（电源）插头( unplug的过去式和过去分词 ); 拔去…的塞子; 去掉…的障碍物
分布：不用电子传音地(34%)，动词unplug的过去式和过去分词.(33%)，没接电的(33%)
adjective adverb
■describes musicians performing without electric instruments and without amplification (= electronic equipment that makes sound louder) （音乐演奏）不插电（的）

Word: godmother
Front: godmother
[ˈgɒdmʌðə(r)] (18788/16177)
Back: n. 教母; 意想不到的恩人，危难时提供帮助的救星
分布：教母(94%)，做…教母(3%)，提供帮助之人(3%)
US ['gɑ:dˌmʌð.ɚ] noun countable
■a female godparent 教母
⇒ See also fairy godmother
n. 教母
 - cummer

Word: apnea
Front: apnea
['æpnɪə] (18609/-)
Vocabulary: apnea
(once / 40478 pages)
n
Apnea is a disorder that causes you to stop breathing briefly, often while you're asleep. One symptom of this kind of apnea is excessive snoring.
The most common type of apnea is "sleep apnea," which affects both adults and children and can result in as many as 30 breathless episodes per night. Many people with this kind of apnea don't know they have it. Scientifically, any instance of not breathing is considered apnea — whether you're holding your breath or being choked. The Greek root of apnea is apnos, "without breathing," from a-, "not," and pnein, "to breathe."
WORD FAMILY
apnea
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was later revealed that the engineer suffered from sleep apnea.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
It was revealed the engineer suffered from sleep apnea, a fatigue-inducing disorder.
Washington Times(Dec 14, 2016)
The engineer in that crash suffered from sleep apnea, a fatigue-inducing disorder.
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 无呼吸，呼吸暂停; 窒息
分布：呼吸暂停(85%)，窒息(15%)
n. [医] 窒息， [临床] 呼吸暂停
 - asphyxia, apnoea

Word: wham
Front: wham
[wæm] (18683/25383)
Back: n. 重打声
v. 重打
时态：whammed, whamming, whams
分布：重击声(50%)，重打(50%)
→拟声词。
exclamation informal
SOUND 声音
■used to suggest the sound of a sudden hit （表示重击声）砰；啪
• The boys in the cartoon were punching each other - wham, zap! 卡通片里的男孩正在打斗——砰，啪！
[wæm] exclamation informal
SUDDENLY 突然地
■used to show that something you are describing happened suddenly （表示事情的突然发生）砰；啪
• Everything was fine until, wham, the wire snapped. 一切都很好，可突然啪的一声，电线断了。
vt. 重打
 - overtype, whack

Word: romanticism
Vocabulary: romanticism
(once / 6538 pages)
n
Movies that present emotional stories of love, terror, and rescue, appeal to your sense of romanticism. Highly-charged situations of love and loss allow you to escape reality for a little while.
The suffix ism indicates a condition, so romanticism is the condition of being romantic, or yearning for the imaginative and adventurous. The word originally meant "of the Roman style," and referred to using Romance languages rather than the Frankish, or Germanic. It then came to mean Medieval tales of knightly chivalry, and later included love stories. In the late 18th Century, Romanticism became a major artistic movement, infusing art, music, and literature with the emotional cores of adventure and love.
WORD FAMILY
romanticism: neoromanticism, romanticist, romanticistic+/ romance: romanced, romances, romancing, romantic / romantic: romantically, romanticise, romanticism, romanticize, romantics, unromantic/romanticise: romanticisation, romanticised, romanticises, romanticising/romanticist: romanticists/ romanticize: romanticization, romanticized, romanticizes, romanticizing/unromantic: unromantically
USAGE EXAMPLES
The romanticism of Paterson’s artistic isolation, of the solitary pursuit of art by a seeming separate inspiration, is an intoxicating myth.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
Below the movie’s screwball shenanigans is a core of romanticism signaled in its soundtrack.
New York Times(Nov 22, 2016)
I think we each just got caught up in the romanticism of it all.
New York Times(Nov 02, 2016)

Word: hysterectomy
Front: hysterectomy
[ˌhɪstəˈrektəmi] (18708/25197 -1)
Back: n. 子宫切除术
分布：名词(100%)
→hyster-,子宫，词源同hysterical,-ectomy,切除，词源同appendectomy.
US [-tə'rek-] noun countable
■a medical operation to remove part or all of a woman's womb 子宫切除手术

Word: bide
Front: bide
[baɪd] (18820/19163)
Back: vi. 等待，停留; 居住
vt. 等待; 面临; 禁得起; 等待时机
时态：bided, biding, bides
分布：等待(79%)，停留(14%)，忍耐(7%)
→来自 bid, 命令，吩咐。等待的，听候差遣的。
verb
bide your time
■to wait calmly for a good opportunity to do something 静候时机
• She was biding her time until she could get her revenge. 她正在等待时机，报仇雪恨。
vt. 等待；面临；禁得起
 - await, look out on
vi. 等待；居住
 - belong, room, live, harbor, dwell

Word: generalizability
Front: generalizability
[dʒenərəlaɪzə'bɪlɪtɪ] (18910/-)
Back: n. 普遍性
分布：一般性(50%)，普通性(50%)
n. 普遍性；概括性
 - universality, catholicity

Word: variegated
Front: variegated
[ˈveəriəgeɪtɪd] (18677/20441 -1)
Vocabulary: variegated
(once / 2782 pages)
adj
Something variegated has many different colors, as in the trees of autumn or the feathers of a peacock. Whenever you see "vari" at the beginning of a word, you know that the idea of difference or change is involved.
Using vari is a good way to start thinking about this word. It's the same root as in various, variable, varied, and variety. All these words mean something similar: lots of different versions of something. The scales of a fish can appear quite variegated from one angle and then strangely uniform from another. A tiger's variegated coat helps it stay hidden.
WORD FAMILY
variegate: variegated, variegates, variegating, variegation+/variegation: variegations
USAGE EXAMPLES
The nature of belief is far too variegated for that.
Time(Dec 22, 2016)
The flowers include red amaryllis, variegated spider amaryllis, burgundy and red roses, red lilies and gloriosa lilies.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
John le Carré gives a virtuoso reading of his own memoir, a compilation of episodes from a variegated life.
Washington Post(Nov 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 杂色的; 斑驳的; 变化多端的
vt. 使成杂色(variegate的过去式和过去分词)
分布：杂色的(42%)，斑驳的(29%)，形形色色的(22%)，动词variegate的过去式和过去分词形式.(7%)
→var-,改变，多变，词源同vary,-eg,做，词源同agent.引申词义多样的，斑驳的。
US ['ver.i.ə.geɪ.tˌɪd] adjective
■having a pattern of different colours or marks 色彩斑驳的；有斑点的
• variegated leaves 斑叶
• a variegated plant 色彩斑驳的植物
adj. [生物] 杂色的；斑驳的；富于变化的
 - shot, party-coloured

Word: expedite
Front: expedite
[ˈekspədaɪt] (托 18829/21591)
Vocabulary: expedite
(once / 4954 pages)
v
To expedite something is to make it go faster or speed up the process. Expediting that package might get it to Alaska by tomorrow, instead of next Tuesday.
If someone says, "Let me expedite the process," that's probably a good thing: they're offering to speed things up. If you've ever waited in line a long time, then you must have wished someone could expedite things. A driver can expedite his commute by going in the faster car-pool lane. Whenever there's a lot of paperwork for something, it's nice to know someone who can expedite the process. When you see the word expedite, think "Make faster!"
WORD FAMILY
expedite: expedited, expedites, expediting
USAGE EXAMPLES
The FDA granted it “breakthrough therapy” status to open lines of communication with the company and expedite the vaccine’s development and review.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“Those files need to be expedited to me,” Ms. Meckley told her associates.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
It would be approved on an “expedited basis” within 24 hours, he replied, and he asked which credit card I would like to use.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 加快进展; 迅速完成
时态：expedited, expediting, expedites
分布：加快(73%)，加速(23%)，有助于(4%)
→ex-, 向外。-ped, 脚，脚镣，词源同foot, impede. 即解脱脚镣的束缚，加快速度，或来自比喻义，解脱脚的束缚，飞起来。
加快,促进(ex出+ped+ite→把脚跨出去→加快)[ped=foot,表示"脚"]
加速,促进(ex出+ped脚+ite)[-ite 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人或物"3.表动词"促成"]
【记】ex出，ped脚－把脚迈出去－加速
【反】retard（vt 延迟；使减速；阻碍）
['ek.spə.daɪt] formal
verb transitive
■to cause to be done more quickly; to hurry 迅速完成；促进；加快
• Something needs to be done to expedite the process. 需要采取措施以加快进度。
vt. 加快；促进；发出
 - facilitate, promote, boost, further
adj. 畅通的；迅速的；方便的
 - convenient, rapid, fast, forward, ready

Word: annal
Front: annal
['ænl] (18832/16154)
Back: n. 记录
分布：年表(100%)
n. 记录；编年史
 - page, log, register

Word: stunt
Front: stunt
[stʌnt] (托宝 9106/11964 -1)
Vocabulary: stunt
(once / 907 pages)
1vn 2nv
To stunt is to slow or hinder. Some people say that drinking coffee will stunt your growth when you're a teenager — they worry that you won't grow any taller.
Poor nutrition can stunt your growth, and bad soil will do the same for a plant — a lack of moisture or nutrients will stunt the development of your lettuce or tomatoes. Another meaning of stunt is a dangerous trick, the kind performed in an action movie or by planes in an air show. The root of "check the growth" is the Old English stunt, "short witted or foolish," while the "trick" kind of stunt comes from nineteenth century American college slang.
WORD FAMILY
stunt: stunted, stunting, stunts+/stunted: stuntedness
USAGE EXAMPLES
If there’s a silver lining, it’s in the growing awareness that costly government regulations stunt the ag economy.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The stunt was a throwback to Jan. 1, 1976, when the prankster Daniel N. Finegood altered the letters in the same way.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
He missed the following two games, and that time off stunted his development.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 惊险动作，特技; 噱头; 发育不良的动植物
vt. 阻碍…发育（生长）; 抑制，妨碍
vi. 表演特技; 作惊人表演
时态：stunted, stunting, stunts
分布：特技(91%)，表演特技(5%)，阻碍成长(4%)
→来自中古英语 stunt,矮的，发育不良的，来自古英语 stunt,愚笨的，来自 Proto-Germanic*stuntaz, 短的，矮小的，愚笨的，词源同 stint.
【记】stunt就是使人stand。
【反】nurture（v /n 养育）
noun countable
EXCITING ACTION 令人兴奋的动作
■an exciting action, usually in a film, that is dangerous or appears dangerous and usually needs to be done by someone skilled （通常指电影中的）特技动作
• It's a typical action film with plenty of spectacular stunts. 这是部典型的动作片，有很多精彩好看的特技。
• Tom Cruise has performed his own stunts for Mission Impossible 2, defying warnings from professionals. 汤姆‧克鲁斯不顾专业人员的警告，在《不可能的任务 2》中亲自表演自己的特技动作。
[stʌnt] noun countable
GET ATTENTION 引起注意 mainly disapproving
■something that is done to get attention for the person or people responsible for it 意在引人注目的花招，噱头
• an advertising stunt 广告噱头
• Their marriage was just a cheap publicity stunt. 他们的婚姻不过是低级宣传噱头。
[stʌnt] noun countable
pull a stunt informal
■to do something silly and risky 做愚蠢冒险的事，逞能
• What did you want to pull a stupid stunt like that for? 你那样逞强到底是为了甚么？
[stʌnt] verb transitive
■to prevent the growth or development of something from reaching its limit 妨碍…的正常生长；阻碍…的充分发展
• Drought has stunted (the growth of) this year's cereal crop. 干旱阻碍了今年谷物的生长。
• When Freya was a baby we were advised that watching television would stunt her imagination. 弗雷亚还是个婴儿时，别人劝告我们说，看电视会妨碍她的想像力正常发展。
n. 噱头，手腕；绝技
 - touches, wrist

Word: revolt
Front: revolt
[rɪˈvəʊlt] (研四六托雅宝 8955/6556 -2)
Vocabulary: revolt
(once / 62 pages)
1vn 2v
Revolt means to rise up against an authority in an act of rebellion. You might see an opposition group revolt against a government, or you might revolt against your oppressive 10:00 curfew.
Revolt has a noun form as well to describe that kind of rebellious uprising. Your revolt is successful if you get permission to stay out past 11:00. Revolt can also mean to disgust or sicken, either physically or in terms of your sensibilities. Your stomach may revolt at the idea of eating cauliflower again. You could combine the two meanings of revolt if you stage a revolt in the kitchen to stop from having to eat vegetables that revolt you.
WORD FAMILY
revolt: revolted, revolting, revolts, revolution +/counterrevolution: counterrevolutionary, counterrevolutionist, counterrevolutions/counterrevolutionary: counterrevolutionaries/ revolting: revoltingly/ revolution: counterrevolution, revolutionary, revolutionise, revolutionism, revolutionize, revolutions/ revolutionary: revolutionaries, revolutionarily/revolutionise: revolutionised, revolutionises, revolutionising/revolutionism: revolutionisms, revolutionist / revolutionist: revolutionists/ revolutionize: revolutionized, revolutionizes, revolutionizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Resolving the contradictions within the government’s various positions, and preventing backbench revolts destroying its slim parliamentary majority, will be all-consuming.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Half-a-dozen revolts that he helped organise against an ossified Qing dynasty were failures.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
The populist revolt highlights the need to rejuvenate democratic public discourse, to address the big questions people care about, including moral and cultural issues.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: vt. （使）厌恶
vi. 反叛，背叛; 厌恶，反感
n. 造反，起义
时态：revolted, revolting, revolts
分布：反抗(56%)，叛乱(33%)，反感(10%)，起反感(1%)
→来自 revolve,旋转，转动，-t,过去分词格。引申词义反抗，叛乱，起义等。
反叛(re+volt转→反过转→反叛)[re-①表示"向后,相反,不"②表示"一再,重新"]
叛变,起义(re反+volt转→转反了→叛变)[vol,volv,volt=roll,turn,表示"卷,转"]
v./n.反抗,起义The voluntary revolutionaries revolted like the outbreak of volcano.志愿革命者们象火山爆发一样起义了.
【记】re反，volt转一反转一叛乱
【参】revolve（v 使旋转；循环出现）；revulsion（n 抽回；厌恶）
US [-'voʊlt] verb
FIGHT 战斗
intransitive
■If a large number of people revolt, they refuse to be controlled or ruled, and take often violent action against authority 反抗；造反；反叛
• The people revolted against foreign rule and established their own government. 人们奋起反抗外来统治，并成立了自己的政府。
UK [rɪ'vəʊlt/ UK [-'vɒlt] US [-'voʊlt] verb
UNPLEASANT FEELING 厌恶
transitive
■to make someone feel unpleasantly shocked or disgusted 使厌恶；使惊骇；使反感
• We were revolted by the dirt and mess in her house. 她家里又脏又乱，我们看着心里生厌。
• It revolts me to know that the world spends so much money on arms when millions are dying of hunger. 这个世界有数以百万计的人因饥饿挣扎在死亡线上，但却有那么多的钱花在军备上，这真让我感到震惊。
⇒ See also revulsion
UK [rɪ'vəʊlt/ UK [-'vɒlt] US [-'voʊlt] noun countable or uncountable
■an attempt to get rid of a government by using violence 反抗；造反；反叛
• Troops were called in to crush/put down the revolt. 军队被调来镇压叛乱。
• The army is in revolt (against its commanders). 军队叛乱（调转枪口指向了指挥官们）。
⇒ See also revolution
revolt, revenge
revolt: 造反，反抗
revenge: 报复，复仇
revolt, riot, rebellion
这组词都有“造反、叛乱、骚乱”的意思，其区别是：
revolt: 指规模相对较小的，持续时间较短，侧重对压迫或不能容忍的情况的反抗。
riot: 多指没有组织的一群人突然掀起的闹事。也可指暴乱或暴动。
rebellion: 通常指有组织、公开地大规模武断叛乱，着以失败而告终。
revolt, resist, rebel
revolt: 反叛，造反，反对，反抗；
resist: vt. 抵抗，反抗，一般为褒义；
rebel: 造反，反叛，贬义
vi. 反抗；反叛；反感，厌恶
 - strive against, come out against
vt. 使反感；使恶心
 - sicken
n. 反抗；叛乱；反感
 - resistance, hate, rebellion

Word: nix
Front: nix
[nɪks] (19018/-)
Vocabulary: nix
(once / 7142 pages)
1v 2n
If you nix something, you cancel or veto it. You might nix your little sister's plan to build a fire pit in the middle of the front yard.
In North America, to nix something is to forbid or put an end to it. Your aunt might nix your idea about a surprise party for your uncle, knowing he would hate it, and a babysitter might nix her charges' plan to stay up all night watching movies. Another, less formal meaning of nix is "nothing." This is also the oldest meaning of the word, from the German nichts, also "nothing," and pronounced in much the same way.
WORD FAMILY
nix: nixed, nixes, nixing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Democratic governor nixed the measure Saturday night.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Foster confirmed he was indeed asked, but he later nixed the idea, saying on Instagram that he “politely and respectfully declined”.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Some anecdotes were nixed because they “wouldn’t be nice to somebody” if she shared them onstage.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. <俚>无; 皆无; （德国神话中的）女水妖; 女水神
int. 停！不要！不行！; 禁止，拒绝
分布：不(32%)，禁止(19%)，拒绝(17%)，无(15%)，皆无(7%)，水中精灵(7%)，不是这样(3%)
→来自naught的德语方言。
[nɪks] US informal
verb transitive
■to stop, prevent or refuse to accept something 停止；禁止；拒绝
• The film studio nixed her plans to make a sequel. 电影制片厂拒绝了她拍摄续集的计划。
[nɪks] US informal
noun uncountable adverb
■nothing or no 那一切努力都白费了
• All that effort for nix. 那一切努力都是徒劳。
• I suppose mom will say nix to us going to the movies. 我想妈妈不会让我们去看电影的。
n. 无（等于nothing）；皆无；女水妖（出现在德国神话中）
 - nothing, nil
vt. 禁止；拒绝
 - bar, negative, refuse, inhibit, forbid
adv. 不是
 - nope, not to be

Word: on-the-job
Front: on-the-job
['ɒnðə'dʒɒb] None
Back: adj. 在职的
分布：在职的(100%)
adj. [劳经] 在职的
 - in-service

Word: servitude
Front: servitude
[ˈsɜ:vɪtju:d] (宝 18822/23067)
Vocabulary: servitude
(once / 1276 pages)
n
If you're free-spirited you won't enjoy servitude, mainly because servitude means you have to answer to a master, like a servant does.
Slavery, a brutal form of servitude, existed in the United States until the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment in 1865. Before this, thousands upon thousands of African Americans were forced into servitude, where they were forced to perform labor for their masters. A key to remembering the meaning of servitude is the fact that it resembles servant. If your friend rear-ends you but doesn't have insurance, let him pay for the damage in servitude. Make him your personal assistant for a month!
WORD FAMILY
servitude: servitudes
USAGE EXAMPLES
The key word here is “maybe,” which doesn’t tell us much, but it seems unlikely that a maze would free hosts from bot servitude completely.
Time(Nov 30, 2016)
“In the 13th Amendment it says that no man can be held in involuntary servitude or in slavery, except for what? A felony conviction.”
Salon(Nov 28, 2016)
When folks do think about human trafficking, it may be in connection with sexual servitude.
Washington Times(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: n. 奴役（状况）
分布：奴役(88%)，〈法〉役劝(4%)，束缚(4%)，徒刑(4%)
→来自拉丁语 servitudo,奴隶身份，奴役，来自 servus,奴隶，奴仆，词源同 serve.-ude,表状态。
奴役(serv+itude表示状态)[serv=serve,keep表示"服务,保持"]
US ['sɝ:.vɪ.tu:d] formal
noun uncountable
■the state of being under the control of someone else and of having no freedom 苦役；奴役；劳役
• In the past, the majority of women were consigned to a lifetime of servitude and poverty. 过去，大多数的女性一生含辛茹苦，一贫如洗。
n. 劳役，奴役；地役权；奴隶状态
 - slavery, bondage

Word: untangle
Front: untangle
[ˌʌnˈtæŋgl] (18840/32632)
Back: vt. 解开（某物的）结; 使不再打结; 整顿; 解决（纠纷等）
时态：untangled, untangling, untangles
分布：解开(67%)，清理(14%)，整顿(11%)，解开纠结(8%)
verb transitive
KNOTS 结
■to remove the knots from an untidy mass of string, wire, etc. and separate the different threads 解开，松开（缠结的线绳、金属线等）
[ʌn'tæŋ.gl] verb transitive
PROBLEM 问题
■to make a complicated subject or problem, or its different parts, clear and able to be understood 整理，理清（复杂问题）
• It took years to untangle the legal complexities of the case. 理清该案牵涉到的复杂法律问题，花了很多年的时间。
vt. 清理；整顿；解开…纠结
 - clean up, clear up

Word: implantation
Front: implantation
[ˌɪmplɑ:n'teɪʃn] (18976/25981)
Back: n. 培植，灌输; 植入; 着床
分布：植入(79%)，移植(15%)，着床(5%)，鼓吹(1%)
VERB
移植;植入
To implant something into a person's body means to put it there, usually by means of a medical operation.
例：Doctors in Arizona say they have implanted an artificial heart into a 46-year-old woman...亚利桑那州的医生称他们已经把一颗人造心脏移植到一名 46 岁妇女的体内。
例：Two days later, they implanted the fertilized eggs back inside me.两天以后,他们把受精卵重新植入了我的体内。
N-COUNT
植入物
An implant is something that is implanted into a person's body.
例：A woman can choose to have breast implants.女人可以选择进行隆胸。
VERB
(受精卵或胚胎)着床
When an egg or embryo implants in the womb, it becomes established there and can then develop.
例：Non-identical twins are the result of two fertilised eggs implanting in the uterus at the same time.非同卵双生子是两个受精卵同时在子宫内着床的结果。
VERB
灌输;注入;使接受
If you implant an idea or attitude in people, you make it become accepted or believed.
例：The speech implanted a dangerous prejudice in their minds...那场演讲给他们灌输了一种很危险的偏见。
例：Gregory's father had implanted in him an ambition to obtain an education...格雷戈里的父亲早就向他灌输了要接受教育的志向。
n. [外科] 移植；灌输；鼓吹
 - transplantation, infusion

Word: telecast
Front: telecast
[ˈtelikɑ:st] (18741/-)
Back: v. & n. 电视广播
时态：telecast, telecasting, telecasts
分布：电视广播(85%)，以电视广播传送(15%)
→tele-,电视的，-cast,广播，缩写自 broadcast.
N-COUNT
(尤指直播的)电视节目，电视广播
A telecast is a programme that is broadcast on the television, especially a programme that is broadcast live.
n. 电视广播
 - airwaves, television broadcasting

Word: fourth-grade

Word: repudiation
Front: repudiation
[rɪˌpju:dɪ'eɪʃn] (18796/23814)
Vocabulary: repudiation
(once / 4764 pages)
n
Repudiation means the act of claiming that something is invalid. If there were a repudiation of all the math test scores because of widespread cheating, you'd probably have to take the test again.
Repudiation comes from the verb "repudiate," which is rooted in the Latin word repudiare, meaning to divorce or reject. If you show something is false, you have made a repudiation of that thing. Until the repudiation of the claims, people thought that heroin was a harmless ingredient that could help ease a cough. General belief in the safety of cocaine and cigarettes had similar repudiations.
WORD FAMILY
repudiation: repudiations+/ repudiate: repudiated, repudiates, repudiating, repudiation, repudiative
USAGE EXAMPLES
They deserve our encouragement, and Spencer deserves nothing but scorn and repudiation.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Our preference would be to ignore them, but the liberal media are intent on giving them attention, so repudiation it is.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 25, 2016)
Let’s start with his fear-stoking repudiation of an entire religion—Islam.
Time(Nov 22, 2016)
Back: n. 拒绝; 否认; 断绝关系; 抛弃
分布：否认(53%)，拒绝(47%)
VERB
批判;驳斥;与…断绝关系
If you repudiate something or someone, you show that you strongly disagree with them and do not want to be connected with them in any way.
例：Leaders urged people to turn out in large numbers to repudiate the violence...领导们力劝人们集体出面反对暴力。
例：The Prime Minister has repudiated racist remarks made by a member of the Conservative Party.首相已经驳斥了一个保守党成员的种族主义言论。
n. 否认，拒绝；抛弃，断绝关系
 - contradiction, denial, rejection

Word: walkie-talkie
Front: walkie-talkie
[ˌwɔ:ki ˈtɔ:ki] None
Back: n. 手提无线电话机
分布：无线电话机(60%)，=walky-talky.(40%)
US [ˌwɑ:.ki'tɑ:-] noun countable
■a small radio held in the hand which is used for both sending and receiving messages 对讲机；步话机
• The policeman was speaking to HQ on his walkie-talkie. 那位警员正在用对讲机与总部通话。

Word: docket
Front: docket
[ˈdɒkɪt] (18821/40632)
Vocabulary: docket
(once / 9456 pages)
nv
If someone asks you what’s on your docket for the day, she really just wants to know what you’re doing today. Likewise, if someone complains that he has a full docket, he’s saying that he is very busy.
While docket, as used above, is another word for agenda or schedule, it is most commonly used to mean the calendar for a court of law, specifically, the schedule of pending cases. In the United Kingdom, a docket is a list or label affixed to the outside of a package detailing what is inside.
WORD FAMILY
docket: docketed, docketing, dockets
USAGE EXAMPLES
Pretrial officials are supposed to report the infraction, although those records are not filed on the public docket.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
There were 58 videos still on the docket.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
The Post wrote software to extract data on every criminal case available in electronic dockets on the Superior Court’s website.
Washington Post(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 摘要，记事表，（待判决的）诉讼事件表
vt. 在…上附加摘要
时态：docketed, docketing, dockets
分布：标签(68%)，单据(16%)，附上标签(16%)
→词源不详。可能来自词根duc, 引导，词源同duck, conduct. 用来指单据文件。
US ['dɑ:.kɪt] noun countable UK an official document describing something that is being delivered or transported and giving details of where it is coming from and where it is going to 交接记录，移交记录
US
■a list of cases to be dealt with in a law court, or an agenda in business 待审案件目录表；商业日程表；议事日程
n. 摘要；记事表；（待判决的）诉讼事件表
 - abstract, brief, summary, resume

Word: daybreak
Front: daybreak
[ˈdeɪbreɪk] (18833/32777)
Vocabulary: daybreak
(once / 815 pages)
n
Daybreak is the moment in the morning when the sun begins to rise. If you want to see the sunrise over the ocean, you have to wake up well before daybreak.
Daybreak can also be called "sunrise," "dawn," or "the break of day." It's the very first glimpse of sunlight you see in the morning, which happens very early in the summertime and later in winter. Bus drivers, morning radio hosts, and bakers often have to rise before daybreak in order to get to work on time. The break part of the word comes from the Old English root brecan, which means "shatter," but also "burst forth."
WORD FAMILY
daybreak: daybreaks
USAGE EXAMPLES
The ground search resumed at daybreak Friday morning, the department said.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The holiday fell during harvest season, so Mass began early, allowing them to tend their crops at daybreak.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Daybreak revealed mangled sheets of metal, insulation and a ladder hanging in trees.
Time(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 拂晓，黎明; 天亮; 旦; 天明
分布：黎明(62%)，拂晓(38%)
noun uncountable
■ dawn (EARLY MORNING)
n. [天] 黎明；破晓
 - morning, first light

Word: canine
Front: canine
[ˈkeɪnaɪn] (宝 15736/16247)
Vocabulary: canine
(once / 3147 pages)
1nadj 2nadj
Canine is how zoologists refer to all mammals with snouts and non-retractable claws. Sound familiar? That's right, Fido is a canine. (All dogs are.) Coyotes and wolves are canines, too.
The sharp pointy teeth in your mouth are also called canines. Like wolves, we use these sharp incisors to tear meat from the bone, though these days we tend to get some help in that department from knives and forks. Fun fact: The police call their drug-sniffing dogs the K-9 unit. Get it?
WORD FAMILY
canine: caninely, canines
USAGE EXAMPLES
The charming canine stories and photographs guided me through those dark years, to a happier job and happier days.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
This year, our photographers captured subjects of all kinds: famous and little-known, athletic and political, human and canine.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
But the sentiment of this California canine nonetheless resonates, in the state in which Trump’s popular vote defeat was the greatest.
Salon(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 犬的; 狗的; 似犬的; 犬科的
n. 犬齿; 犬牙; 犬科动物
分布：犬(75%)，犬齿(8%)，犬的(7%)，似犬的(4%)，犬科的(3%)，犬科动物(3%)
→来自PIE *kwon, 狗，拟声词，词源同canary, cynic.
狗的(can狗+ine)[-ine 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人或女人"3.表名词"状态,药物等"]
狗的[can=dog(狗)]
【记】can能，nine九一犬可以咬九人，有九条命。
adjective
■of or relating to dogs 犬的，狗的
• The city's canine population (= The number of dogs in the city) has grown dramatically over recent years. 近年来该市狗的数量急剧增加。
['keɪ.naɪn] noun countable
TOOTH (also canine tooth)
■one of four pointed teeth in the human mouth （人的）犬齿 Compare incisor ; molar
['keɪ.naɪn] noun countable
DOG 犬 specialized
■a dog 犬
n. 犬； [解剖] 犬齿
 - dogtooth, cuspid

Word: pushy
Front: pushy
[ˈpʊʃi] (18848/20515)
Vocabulary: pushy
(once / 37285 pages)
adj
Pushy people are aggressive and bold about getting what they want. A pushy used car salesperson will make you feel bullied into buying something even if you were just interested in admiring convertibles.
If you're pushy, you're not afraid to let your ambition show, or to boss other people around. Pushy parents might argue with a teacher who gives their child a bad grade, and pushy newspaper reporters will invade your privacy to get a good story. This adjective was originally used, around 1891, to describe a cow. Just a few years later, it began to describe people as well.
WORD FAMILY
pushy: pushiest, pushily, pushiness+/ push: pushed, pusher, pushes, pushful, pushing, pushy /pusher: pushers/pushing: pushings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The vendors are pushy but friendly and not averse to talking about life as you bargain.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
But he lost that job after arguing with a pushy customer, who happened to be the local sheriff and a friend of the owner’s.
Seattle Times(Dec 10, 2016)
I ask them if Paul is secretly a pushy parent.
The Guardian(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: adj. 有进取心的; 固执己见的，一意孤行的
级别：pushier, pushiest
分布：莽撞的(50%)，强求的(50%)
→比喻用法。
['pʊʃ.i] disapproving
adjective
■behaving in an unpleasant way by trying too much to get something or to make someone do something 咄咄逼人的
• a pushy salesman 拼命劝别人买东西的推销员
adj. 有进取心的；爱出风头的；有冲劲的；固执己见的
 - aggressive, enterprising

Word: lumbar
Front: lumbar
[ˈlʌmbə(r)] (18967/26376)
Back: adj. 腰部的
n. 腰动（静）脉，腰神经，腰椎
分布：腰椎(92%)，腰神经(3%)，腰部的(2%)，腰的(2%)，腰动脉(1%)
→来自拉丁语lumbus,腰，词源同loin,来自lendh,腰，来自lent,弯曲的，柔软的，词源同lithe,lissome,relent.比较wrist,waist.
US [-bɚ] specialized
adjective [before noun]
■in or of the lower part of the back 腰的，腰部的

Word: sulk
Front: sulk
[sʌlk] (18787/15549 -1)
Vocabulary: sulk
(once / 868 pages)
vn
When you are displeased by something and you let your gloomy mood show, you're sulking. Do you want to bake another cake, or are you going to sulk all day about the one you dropped?
When you say someone sulks, the tone of the word suggests the person is overdoing it. You wouldn't accuse a widow of sulking at her husband's funeral, because she has a good reason to be sad and gloomy. Instead of sulking because you messed up your tuba solo during the concert, why not put your energy into practice? Or switch to violin.
WORD FAMILY
sulk: sulked, sulking, sulks, sulky +/sulkiness: sulkinesses/ sulky: sulkier, sulkies, sulkiest, sulkily, sulkiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Rather than hide in an undisclosed destination to sulk, they leaned on their buds to cheer them up.
Golf Digest(Dec 18, 2016)
There really was no reason for me to sulk, but I sulked for the rest of the afternoon.
The New Yorker(Nov 24, 2016)
Sonia sulks around her parents’ Paris apartment like any adolescent who has been grounded, but her predicament is a matter of national security.
The New Yorker(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: vi. 生气，愠怒
n. 生气，愠怒; 愠怒[生气]的人
时态：sulked, sulking, sulks
分布：生气(49%)，愠怒(38%)，不高兴(13%)
[sʌlk] disapproving
verb intransitive
■to be silent and refuse to smile or be pleasant to people because you are angry about something that they have done 生闷气；愠怒
• He's sulking in a corner somewhere because I wouldn't let him have a second bar of chocolate. 因为我不让他吃第二块巧克力，他正在某个角落里生闷气呢。
[sʌlk] disapproving
noun countable
■when someone refuses to smile or be pleasant because they are angry about something 生闷气；愠怒
• If she doesn't get what she wants she goes into a sulk just like a child. 如果她得不到自己想要的东西，她就会像个小孩一样生闷气。
• Jim's in one of his sulks again - just ignore him. 吉姆又在生闷气了——别管他。
vi. 生气；愠怒
 - pet, take offense
n. 生气；愠怒；生气的人
 - vitality, animation, pet

Word: patrolman
Front: patrolman
[pəˈtrəʊlmən] (18748/47415)
Vocabulary: patrolman
(once / 6945 pages)
n
A patrolman is another name for a police officer. Most patrolmen keep an eye on a certain area while walking or driving around it.
The word patrolman is a bit old fashioned, since it's really only appropriate for a man — you can call a female officer a "patrolwoman," but it's simpler to just call them both police officers. Patrolman was first used in the 1840s to distinguish British constables who walked a beat, patrolling a specific neighborhood or region on foot. Patrol comes from the French patrouille, "a night watch."
WORD FAMILY
patrolman: patrolmen
USAGE EXAMPLES
Niland said both the patrolman, who was not identified, and Tucker are white.
Reuters(Dec 29, 2016)
Over the next 30 years, Heverling progressed from patrolman to detective.
Washington Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Jurors have resumed deliberations in the trial of a former South Carolina patrolman charged with murder in the shooting death of an unarmed black motorist.
Washington Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 巡逻者（尤指警官）
分布：巡逻者(44%)，巡视者(42%)，巡逻警官(14%)
US [-'troʊl-] noun countable US a police officer who regularly walks or drives around an area in order to prevent or deal with crime 巡警
UK old-fashioned
■a person who works for an organization of car owners and drives to any of its members to help them if their car stops working 巡逻工
n. 巡警；巡逻者；巡视者
 - constable, perambulator

Word: smarts
Front: smarts
[smɑ:ts] (18817/-)
Back: v. （伤口）疼痛( smart的第三人称单数 ); 感到刺痛; 引起疼痛; 受罪
分布：聪明的(51%)，漂亮的(11%)，时髦的(8%)，刺痛(8%)，敏捷的(7%)，难过(4%)，厉害的(4%)，整洁的(3%)，苦恼(2%)，烦恼(2%)
US [smɑ:rts] US informal
plural noun
■intelligence 智力，智慧
• He's got the smarts to figure out what to do next. 他很聪明，知道下一步该怎么做。

Word: realtor
Front: realtor
['ri:əltə(r)] (18825/-)
Back: n. <美>房地产经纪人，（尤指）美国房地产同业公会成员
分布：房地产经纪人(75%)，房屋中介(25%)
US ['ri:.əl.tɔ:r] noun countable US for estate agent 房地产代理
n. （美）房地产经纪人
 - real-estate agent, real estate broker

Word: plural
Front: plural
[ˈplʊərəl] (研四六 18732/15661 -1)
Vocabulary: plural
(once / 843 pages)
adjn
When you talk about a plural, you're talking about more than one. The plural form of the word "goose" is "geese."
The word plural comes from the Old French plurel meaning "more than one," which is precisely how you would describe a plural form of something. In grammar, "the plural form" is used to describe more than one person, place or thing. Plurals can be tricky to master for people just learning English. There are the obvious ones where you just need to add an "s." Then, there are others: tooth, teeth; antenna, antennae; mouse, mice. The list goes on.
WORD FAMILY
plural: pluralise, pluralism, plurality, pluralize, plurally, plurals+/pluralise: pluralisation, pluralising/ pluralism: pluralist, pluralistic /pluralist: pluralists/ pluralistic: pluralistically/ plurality: pluralities/pluralize: pluralization, pluralized, pluralizes, pluralizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Vatican’s museum is so vast and diverse that it is a plural.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
Data from Google Books show the plural word “elites” beginning to be used in about 1940, with the obviously pejorative “elitist” rising from about 1960.
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
What might it be like for subjective experience to be plural — “we” and “not-we.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: adj. 复数的
n. 复数; 复数形式; 复数词
分布：复数(89%)，复数的(11%)
→来自拉丁语plus的所有格形式pluris,更多的，词源同plus,full.引申词义复数的，多元的。
a.复数的n.复数What is the plural of 'child' ?'"孩子"(一词)的复数形式是什么?
US ['plʊr.əl] noun countable or uncountable (written abbreviation pl)
 IMPROVER
■a word or form which expresses more than one 复数形式
• 'Geese' is the plural of 'goose'. geese 是 goose 的复数形式。
• 'Woman' in the plural is 'women'. woman 的复数形式是 women。
Compare singular
UK ['plʊə.rəl] US ['plʊr.əl] adjective
DIFFERENT 不同的 formal
■consisting of a lot of different races or types of people or of different things 多样的，多元的
• We need to recognize that we are now living in a plural society. 我们必须意识到我们现在生活在一个多元社会中。
■formal
■for or relating to more than one person or thing 多数的，多种的
• Very few countries allow people to have plural citizenship (= citizenship of more than one country). 极少数几个国家允许公民拥有多重国籍。
UK ['plʊə.rəl] US ['plʊr.əl] adjective
GRAMMAR 文法
■of or relating to the form which expresses more than one 复数的
• 'Cattle' and 'trousers' are both plural nouns. cattle 和 trousers 均为复数名词。
n. [语] 复数
 - complex numbers, complexor

Word: ream
Front: ream
[ri:m] (宝 18849/21856 -1)
Vocabulary: ream
(once / 6414 pages)
1n 2v
A ream is a quantity of paper sold in a bundle, once comprised of 480 sheets but now rounded up to 500. If you write reams of love letters to your beloved, I hope she appreciates them. Or at least recycles.
The word ream has two distinct meanings, depending on whether you use it as a noun or a verb. As a noun, it refers to an amount of paper, its origin from the Arabic rizmah, or "bundle." As a verb, ream is a rough word that can mean "to make a hole in" or "to squeeze." When you "ream someone out" you give them a scolding.
WORD FAMILY
ream: reamed, reamer, reaming, reams+/reamer: reamers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The criticisms include the companies’ perceived failure to pay local taxes and their collection of reams of personal information.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Like many other tech devices that monitor every twitch and turn of the human body, Sense uses sensors to collect reams of data.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Reams of sophisticated consumer research tell him that “merry Christmas” is rarely the best way to sell the most stuff around the holidays.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 令（纸张的计数单位）; 大量
vt. 榨汁; 扩展，扩大; 铰除
时态：reamed, reaming, reams
分布：令(63%)，扩展(19%)，大量的纸(9%)，扩大(9%)
→来自古英语 ream,来自 Proto-Germanic*raumoz,奶油，词源同 ramekin.
【记】team由很多人组成；ream由很多纸组成
noun
countable specialized
■500 sheets of paper 令（500 张纸）
countable usually plural informal
■a lot of something, especially writing （尤指）大量的写作
• She's written reams of poetry. 她写了很多诗。
[ri:m] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] ream sb (out) US slang
■to tell someone off severely because you strongly disapprove of their behaviour 责骂，严厉批评，臭骂（某人）
• The boss reamed them out for sleeping on the job. 他们上班睡觉，让老板给狠狠骂了一顿。
vt. 榨取（果汁等）；扩展；挖
 - milk, extract, tunnel, grow
n. 令（纸张的计数单位）；大量
 - lots of, wealth, ocean, sea, body

Word: registrar
Front: registrar
[ˌredʒɪˈstrɑ:(r)] (雅 18801/7203 -1)
Vocabulary: registrar
(once / 5661 pages)
n
A registrar is the head of a university's record-keeping department. It's the job of the registrar to keep track of class schedules and a record of students' grades.
At a college or university, the registrar is the person who's responsible for keeping accurate records of classes, students, and grades. You might visit the registrar if your schedule needs to be changed, or when you want a copy of your transcript to send to a graduate school or for a fellowship application. Registrar comes from the Medieval Latin registrarius, "one who keeps a record,"
WORD FAMILY
registrar: registrars
USAGE EXAMPLES
Even if a college registrar finally masters the particulars of a program, the military might change it, requiring the entire process to begin again.
Time(Dec 21, 2016)
“We think being a registry and a registrar kind of creates some problems for the channel,” Stahura said.
Seattle Times(Dec 04, 2016)
Early voting runs daily from 8:30 a.m. to 6 p.m., except on Sunday, at local parish registrar of voters’ offices and other designated locations.
Washington Times(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: n. 登记员; 教务主任; 政券登记员; 医院接收员
分布：记录员(100%)
→来自 register,登记，记录。
注册员(register注册)[-ar 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人,物"]
US ['redʒ.ɪ.strɑ:r] noun countable
KEEPING RECORDS 保存记录
■an official whose job is to keep official records, especially of births, deaths and marriages （尤指出生、死亡和婚姻登记的）登记员，户籍管理员
■at some colleges, an official in charge of examinations, keeping records and admitting new students （某些大学的）注册主任，教务主任，教务长
UK [ˌredʒ.ɪ'strɑ:r] US ['redʒ.ɪ.strɑ:r] noun countable
DOCTOR 医生 UK a type of hospital doctor 专科住院医生
• A hospital registrar is of a lower rank than a consultant. 医院的专科住院医生比会诊医生级别低。
n. 登记员；注册主任；专科住院医师
 - greffier

Word: solstice
Front: solstice
[ˈsɒlstɪs] (18725/35146 -1)
Vocabulary: solstice
(once / 7319 pages)
n
The longest and shortest days of the year — the days when the sun is furthest from the Equator — are each called a solstice.
If you are on the part of the earth that is pointed towards the sun on the solstice, you are probably enjoying the longest day of summer. If you're pointed away, it is the shortest day of winter. Some people who do not believe in organized religion but like the idea of bringing lights inside and brightening a dark season celebrate the winter solstice, which falls a few days before Christmas.
WORD FAMILY
solstice: solstices
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Winter Solstice, celebrated this year on Dec. 21, marks the shortest day and the longest night of the year.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
“I participated in a solstice meditation led by a great meditation teacher,” she says.
Salon(Dec 29, 2016)
In ancient civilizations, the winter solstice was traditionally a time of celebration.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 至，至日
分布：至(73%)，至日(19%)，至点(8%)
→sol,太阳，-st,站住，停止，词源同 stand,-ice,名词后缀。字面意思即太阳停止的地方，用于指 夏至（北回归线）或冬至（南回归线）。
US ['sɑ:l-] noun countable
■either of the two occasions in the year when the sun is directly above either the furthest point north or the furthest point south of the equator that it ever reaches. These are the times in the year, in the middle of the summer or winter, when there are the longest hours of day or night 至，至日
• the summer/winter solstice 夏／冬至
Compare equinox

Word: operationalize
Front: operationalize
[ɒpə'reɪʃənlaɪz] (19023/43164)
Back: vt. 使用于操作，使开始运转，实施
分布：使用于操作(50%)，使开始运转(50%)
vt. 使开始运转；实施；使用于操作
 - enforce, actualize

Word: flattery
Front: flattery
[ˈflætəri] (18850/15343)
Vocabulary: flattery
(once / 886 pages)
n
Flattery is excessive praise. If you're hoping to borrow your brother's car, be careful not to overdo it when you compliment his haircut, new shoes, and singing voice — he knows flattery when he sees it.
As opposed to real praise, flattery is insincere and almost always has an ulterior motive. The Old English root word of flatter is flater, which originally meant "to stroke with the hand or caress." When you stroke someone's ego to get what you want, you're using flattery. If the person you are wildly complimenting tells you that flattery will get you nowhere, you know it's time to back off.
WORD FAMILY
flattery: flatteries+/ flatter: flattered, flatterer, flattering, flatters, flattery /flatterer: flatterers/ flattering: flatteringest, flatteringly, unflattering / unflattering: unflatteringly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Healy’s gift for flattery was rewarded with commissions to paint four additional presidents, the last of them Abraham Lincoln.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
He inquired further throughout the interview, and while he was amiable about it, this wasn’t flattery or deflection.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Air kisses, flattery, and deference are part of doing business in Hollywood.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 奉承（话）; 阿谀奉承会/不会使你如愿以偿
分布：阿谀(54%)，谄媚(43%)，巴结(3%)
【反】aspersions（n 诽谤的话；中伤的话）；invective（n 恶言漫骂）
US ['flætˌ-] noun uncountable
■when you praise someone, often because you want something from them 奉承，讨好，恭维
• I was really pleased when he said how well I'd done, because he isn't known for flattery. 他说我做得很好的时候，我真的很高兴，因为他不是那种好恭维人的人。
UK ['flæt.ər.i] US ['flætˌ-] noun uncountable
Flattery will get you nowhere. humorous saying
■used to tell someone that their praise will not persuade you to do anything you do not want to do 奉承是不会有用的（表示不会被说服）。
n. 奉承；谄媚；恭维话
 - court, adulation

Word: catapult
Front: catapult
[ˈkætəpʌlt] (宝 16678/16002 -1)
Vocabulary: catapult
(once / 4484 pages)
nv
A catapult is something that hurls things through the air, like a catapult that sends pumpkins flying in an annual Halloween competition.
To pronounce catapult, accent the first syllable: "CAT a pult." Catapult can also be a verb that means "to hurl or shoot forward." It's not only objects that catapult. A hit single can catapult a band to great fame, for example, or a high score may catapult you into first place. Just don't catapult any cats. That would catapult you to notoriety, and probably also to jail.
WORD FAMILY
catapult: catapulted, catapultian, catapultic, catapulting, catapults
USAGE EXAMPLES
In those cases, in contrast with the Nike-Michigan arrangement, the teams own the data, a Catapult spokesman said.
New York Times(Sep 09, 2016)
Trump's 11-year stint on "The Apprentice" and sister show "Celebrity Apprentice" catapulted him from New York businessman to a household name.
Reuters(Dec 29, 2016)
It was a part that catapulted her into the limelight as one of the most famous faces on the planet.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 弹弓; 石弩; 飞机弹射器; 弹射座椅
vt. 用弩炮发射; 用弹弓射; 用弹射器发射; 猛投
vi. 用弹射器弹射; 快速移动
时态：catapulted, catapulting, catapults
分布：发射(69%)，发射机(21%)，弹弩(10%)
→cata-, 向下。-pul, 扔，投掷，词源同appeal, pulse.
【记】cata下，pult读：炮塔。炮塔可以用弹弓向下面发射石头－弹弓cata下，pult读：炮他：向下用炮打他－弹弓
US ['kætˌ-] noun countable
■a device which can throw objects at a high speed 投射器；石弩；弹射器
• In the past, armies used catapults to hurl heavy stones at enemy fortifications. 古代军队使用石弩将重石投向敌人的防御工事。
• On that type of aircraft carrier, a catapult was used to help launch aircraft. 那种航空母舰利用弹射器弹射飞机升空。
■UK (US slingshot) (Australian also shanghai)
■a Y-shaped stick or piece of metal with a piece of elastic (= material that stretches) fixed to the top parts, used especially by children for shooting small stones （儿童玩的）弹弓
UK ['kæt.ə.pʌlt] US ['kætˌ-] verb transitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to throw someone or something with great force 把…射出，把…弹出
• When the two vehicles collided, he was catapulted forwards. 两车相撞时，他被甩向了前方。
be catapulted into sth
■to suddenly experience a particular state, such as fame 突然经历；一跃而成
• The award for best actress meant that almost overnight she was catapulted into the limelight. 获得最佳女演员奖意味着她几乎一夜之间成了公众关注的焦点。
n. 弹弓；石弩； [航] [军] 飞机弹射器；（飞机上的）座椅弹射器
 - slingshot
vt. 用弹弓射；用弹射器发射；猛投
 - hurtle
vi. 用弹射器弹射；快速移动
 - barrel

Word: ilk
Front: ilk
[ɪlk] (18862/19626)
Vocabulary: ilk
(once / 7562 pages)
n
Ilk is a certain type of person, usually a type you don't care for. The word is used in sentences like "I'm tired of you and your ilk!
When you say "you and your ilk," you mean "you and everyone just like you." And that's not usually meant in a nice way. You probably wouldn't talk about Nelson Mandela and his ilk — ilk sounds negative. Usually, you're talking about a criminal and his ilk, or a crooked politician and his ilk. If someone is talking about your ilk, it might be time to get new friends or change your ways.
WORD FAMILY
ilk: ilks
USAGE EXAMPLES
Yet Chang is not calling Tunks and his ilk racists.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
I hope Roof and his ilk do not win the war we’re currently fighting.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
These festive outfits are definitely of the “ugly sweater” ilk, with a side order of hipster.
Washington Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 相同的
n. 家族，同类，种类
分布：家族(54%)，种类(23%)，类型(23%)
→来自古英语ilca,同样，来自i,那个，那里，它，词源同idem,identical,-lic,同类，词源同like,-ly.引申词义同类，种类。
[ɪlk] mainly disapproving
noun only singular
■a particular type 类型
• The worst of her criticism was reserved for journalists, photographers and others of their ilk. 她批评得最严厉的是记者、摄影师以及诸如此类的人。
n. 家族；亲属
 - family, folk
adj. 相同的
 - same, uniform, parallel, alike

Word: grinding
Front: grinding
[ˈgraɪndɪŋ] (13809/14549)
Back: adj. 磨的，磨擦的，碾的
v. 磨碎，嚼碎( grind的现在分词 ); 旋转开动; 压迫，折磨
分布：磨的(53%)，碾的(19%)，磨擦的(19%)，动词grind的现在分词形式.(9%)
literary
adjective
grinding poverty
■when people are extremely poor over a long period 赤贫
adj. 磨的；刺耳的；令人难以忍受的
 - sharp, harsh

Word: headless
Front: headless
[ˈhedləs] (18818/20564)
Back: adj. 无头的; 无领导者的; 无头脑的; 无知的
分布：没有头的(51%)，不在意的(37%)，愚笨的(12%)
adjective
■without a head 无头的
• a headless corpse 无头尸
['hed.ləs] adjective
run round like a headless chicken
■to be very busy doing a lot of things, but in a way that is not very effective 忙得像只无头苍蝇；手忙脚乱
adj. 不在意的；无头脑的；无领导者的
 - brainless, empty-headed

Word: beholden
Front: beholden
[bɪˈhəʊldən] (宝 18867/22137)
Vocabulary: beholden
(once / 5242 pages)
adj
The adjective beholden describes owing someone for something the person did to help you — it's your duty to repay the person. If your army buddy saves your life, you're beholden to help him when he gets injured.
Being beholden to someone means more than just feeling like you owe someone for a small favor. When you're beholden, it involves a bigger feeling of responsibility, one that sticks with you — and might even weigh on you — until you're able to repay it. Some people feel so uncomfortable being beholden to others that they try not to accept assistance from anyone out of worry over what they'd have to do in return.
WORD FAMILY
beholden: unbeholden
USAGE EXAMPLES
In an interview, Texas Nationalist Movement president Daniel Miller rejected the idea that his organization was beholden in any way to the Russian government.
Salon(Dec 29, 2016)
That means the girl was just 14 when she disappeared into the hands of the land manager her parents were beholden to.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
“My sense is that this mayor is beholden to developers and the wealthy in this city.”
Seattle Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: adj. 有责任的，有义务的
分布：有义务的(50%)，蒙恩的(50%)
→前缀be-, 强调。hold, 维持，持有。-en, 使。使长期维持的，感激的。
【记】be表被动，holden是hold的过去分词。被拿住（把柄）。你就要感激他，送点儿礼，否则，他就说出去了。
US [-'hoʊl-] formal
adjective [after verb]
■feeling you have a duty to someone because they have done something for you 受惠的；感激的；欠人情的
• She wanted to be independent and beholden to no one. 她想独立，不想依赖任何人。
adj. 负有义务的；蒙恩的；对…表示感谢的
 - onerous

Word: fluidity
Front: fluidity
[fluˈɪdəti] (18854/20997)
Back: n. 流动性; 流质; 变移性; 流度
分布：流动性(96%)，流质(3%)，变移性(1%)
流动性(fluid+ity)[flu=flow,表示"流动"]
US [-ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
CHANGE 变化
■the quality of being likely to change, repeatedly and unexpectedly 易变性；不稳定性
• the fluidity of the political situation 政治局势的不稳定性
UK [flu'ɪd.ɪ.ti] US [-ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
MOVEMENT 运动 formal
■the quality of being smooth and continuous 流畅
• Durante dances with fluidity and grace. 杜兰特舞蹈动作优雅流畅。
UK [flu'ɪd.ɪ.ti] US [-ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
LIQUID 液体
■(of a substance) the quality of being not solid and able to flow 流动性
n. [流] 流动性；流质；易变性
 - liquidity, flowability

Word: nicety
Front: nicety
[ˈnaɪsəti] (雅宝 18865/18431)
Vocabulary: nicety
(once / 2569 pages)
n
Clearly, you're interested in the nicety of a word's meaning if you're checking out this website. A nicety is a fine detail or shade of meaning that anything — not just a word — can possess.
Even the word nicety has niceties. The emphasis on detail can also refer to a precision or accuracy of sorts; if someone has judged something "to a nicety," they've judged it exactly. Yet another common meaning is in the sense of a minor aspect of polite behavior. Washing your hands before dinner is a "social nicety." So is covering your mouth when you cough. Now where would we be without niceties?
WORD FAMILY
nicety: niceties
USAGE EXAMPLES
With 23 days left in office, Mr. Kerry dropped diplomatic niceties and harshly criticized Israel over settlements, arguing that they imperil the two-state solution.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
He fearlessly ridicules the manners and niceties of these losers and the whole weakling Establishment.
Seattle Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Further, Trump’s habit of breaking the standard niceties of politics was there for all to see.
Slate(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 微妙; 细微; 细微之处; 细节
分布：准确(59%)，精确(21%)，优美的东西(10%)，细微的区别(10%)
→来自nice，细致的。
【记】源于：nice（adj 美好的；挑剔的；精密的）
US [-tˌi] noun
countable
■a detail or small difference which is only obvious after careful thought 细节；细微的差别
• They spent a lot of time arguing about legal niceties. 他们花了大量时间争论法律上的细微区别。
• We don't bother with all the social niceties here. 我们略过这里的一切繁文缛节。
uncountable formal
■when something is based on very slight differences 微妙；精确
n. 精密；美好；细节；拘泥细节
 - detail, fairness, specific

Word: rudely
Front: rudely
[ˈru:dli] (18837/18843 -K)
Back: adv. 粗鲁地; 不礼貌地; 猛烈地; 突然地
分布：无礼地(51%)，粗鲁地(33%)，粗陋地(16%)
ADJ-GRADED
粗鲁的;无礼的;粗野的
When people are rude, they act in an impolite way towards other people or say impolite things about them.
例：He's rude to her friends and obsessively jealous...他对她的朋友很无礼而且嫉妒心重。
例：People were quite often rude about him, often the people he had helped...人们经常对他很无礼，其中有很多还曾得到过他的帮助。
ADJ-GRADED
(言语或行为)粗俗的，下流的
Rude is used to describe words and behaviour that are likely to embarrass or offend people, because they relate to sex or to body functions.
例：Fred keeps cracking rude jokes with the guests...弗雷德不停地和客人们开着粗俗的玩笑。
例：Luke made a rude gesture with his finger.卢克用手指做了个下流的手势。
ADJ-GRADED
突然的;猝不及防的;突如其来的
If someone receives a rude shock, something unpleasant happens unexpectedly.
例：It will come as a rude shock when their salary or income-tax refund cannot be cashed.如果他们的工资或所得税返还不能兑现，这对他们来说将是晴天霹雳。
ADJ
粗糙的;简陋的
Objects can be described as rude when they are very simply and roughly made.
例：Roden had already constructed a rude cabin for himself and his family in case of necessity.罗登已为自己和家人搭好了一个简陋的小木屋，以备不时之需。
PHRASE
体格健壮;身体强健
If someone is in rude health, they are strong and healthy.
例：He is in rude health and can cycle 40 or 50 miles non-stop.他体格强壮，能连续骑车四五十英里。
adv. 无礼地；粗暴地
 - rough, indecorously

Word: polarized
Front: polarized
['pəʊləraɪzd] (18839/36312)
Back: v. 使分化为不同的看法( polarize的过去式和过去分词 )
分布：极化的(73%)，偏振的(21%)，动词polarize的过去式和过去分词.(6%)
V-ERG
（使）两极化；（使）分化；（使）对立
If something polarizes people or if something polarizes, two separate groups are formed with opposite opinions or positions.
例：Missile deployment did much to further polarize opinion in Britain...在英国，导弹部署极大地导致了意见进一步分化。
例：As the car rental industry polarizes, business will go to the bigger companies...随着汽车租赁业的两极分化，生意将流向较大的公司。

Word: uproot
Front: uproot
[ˌʌpˈru:t] (托 18870/13714 -1)
Vocabulary: uproot
(once / 2717 pages)
v
When you uproot people, you move them from one place to a completely new one. Your parents may need to uproot you if your mom gets a new job all the way across the country.
One meaning of the verb uproot is "move," especially when a person is forced to move. Another way to use uproot is more literal: to pull a plant out of the ground, roots and all. You might, for example, uproot your favorite rose bush and replant it in a sunnier spot in your garden. Interestingly, the figurative sense of uproot is about a hundred years older than the literal meaning, which was first used in the late 1600's.
WORD FAMILY
uproot: uprooted, uprooter, uprooting, uproots+/uprooter: uprooters
USAGE EXAMPLES
The forsaken flora are a ready-made metaphor for the Moldova-born photographer’s own uprooted life.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
"May the terrorists be uprooted. Mothers shouldn't cry anymore. May God spare everyone this pain and may there be peace for Turkey."
BBC(Dec 26, 2016)
The storm cut power lines and uprooted trees, but no deaths were reported.
BBC(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vt. 根除; 连根拔起; 把…赶出家园; 使无家可归
vi. 迁离; 改变生活方式; 根除，灭绝
时态：uprooted, uprooting, uproots
分布：连根拔起(54%)，根除(32%)，迁离(14%)
→比喻用法。
连根拔;根除(up+root根→根向上→根除)[up=up,over表示"向上"]
verb transitive
PLANT 植物
■to pull a plant including its roots out of the ground 将…连根拔起
• Hundreds of mature trees were uprooted in the storm. 数百棵大树在风暴中被连根拔起。
[ʌp'ru:t] verb transitive
PERSON 人
■to remove a person from their home or usual environment 使离开家园（或熟悉的环境）；使迁移他处
• The war has uprooted nearly two-thirds of the country's population. 战争使这个国家近三分之二的人口背井离乡。
vt. 根除，连根拔起；迫使某人离开出生地或定居处
 - eradicate, root out

Word: whisk
Front: whisk
[wɪsk] (6314/9969 -2)
Back: vt. 拂，掸; 搅拌; 挥动
vi. 飞奔，疾过
n. 掸，轻抹; 扫帚; 毛掸子; 搅拌器
时态：whisked, whisking, whisks
分布：拂(29%)，搅拌(25%)，搅拌器(21%)，扫帚(10%)，迅速移动(9%)，毛掸子(6%)
→来自weis,旋转，搅动，来自wei的扩大格，弯，转，词源同wind,wire,-k，表语音。
verb
REMOVE 移开
transitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to take something or someone somewhere else suddenly and quickly 突然拿走，快速带走
• Our coffees were whisked away before we'd even finished them. 我们的咖啡还没有喝完就被匆匆拿走了。
• We only had half an hour to see her before she was whisked off to some exotic location. 在她被匆匆送往国外某地之前，我们只有半个小时时间和她会面。
• Her husband whisked her off to Egypt for her birthday. 她丈夫突然把她带到了埃及，为她庆祝生日。
[wɪsk] verb
BEAT FOOD 搅打食物
transitive
■to beat eggs, cream, etc. with a special tool in order to add air and make the food light 搅打（鸡蛋、鲜奶油等）
• Whisk the egg whites until stiff. 搅打蛋清，直到变稠为止。
• Remove mixture from heat and whisk in the brandy and vanilla essence. 把混和好的原料从火上拿开，搅入白兰地和香草精。
[wɪsk] noun countable
■a kitchen tool which you use for beating food such as eggs and cream in order to add air and make it light （厨房中的）搅拌器
• an electric whisk 电动搅拌器
• a hand-held whisk 掌上型搅拌器
vt. 拂，掸；搅拌；挥动
 - mill, mix round
vi. 飞奔，疾过
 - tear, belt down
n. 搅拌器；扫帚；毛掸子
 - mixer, agitator

Word: over
Front: over
[ˈəʊvə(r)] (中高 124/110 -K5)
Vocabulary: over
(once / 5 pages)
1adv 2adv 3adv 4adj 5adv 6n
If something is over it is finished, across, or above. When a movie is over, you get up and leave. A blanket that's over your feet covers your toes. A painting over a fireplace hangs above it.
Over is related to the German word über, meaning "above," like putting one piece of paper over another, or a ruling over your school, you popular person. Over can describe a distant position: your phone is over there. Or it can mean "throughout an area," like traveling over roads and oceans, or going over the plan before the team starts working.
WORD FAMILY
over: overly, overs
USAGE EXAMPLES
Over the weekend, a report showed that China’s manufacturing sector continued to expand in December, though at a slightly slower pace than the month before.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
An uneven 109-98 victory over the lowly Suns in Staples Center would hardly classify as a “fix.”
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
In September a university student sued the education ministry over homophobic textbooks.
The Guardian(Jan 03, 2017)
Back: prep. （表示方向）越过; （部份或全部覆盖）在…上面; 由于; （表示论及）关于
adv. 结束; 再; （倒）下; 从一边至另一边
adj. 过去的; 外面的; 在上的; 上级的
n. 额外; 剩余; 剩余（或多余）的量; 剩余物
int. [电信学]报文完，请回复！
vt. 走过，跳过; [美国方言]从…恢复过来
分布：结束(64%)，落下(6%)，在 ... 的上方(6%)，在 ... 期间(6%)，穿过(6%)，完全覆盖(6%)，遍及地(6%)
→来自古英语ofer,来自Proto-Germanic*uberi,来自uper,向上，在上，来自upo的比较级，词源同up,super.引申词义超过。
ad.在上方;遍及地prep.在的上方a.结束的We'll go out when the rain is over.雨停了我们就出去.
US ['oʊ.vɚ] preposition
HIGHER POSITION 更高处
 ESSENTIAL
■above or higher than something else, sometimes so that one thing covers the other; above 在…上方
• The sign over the door said "Exit". 门上方的牌子上写著「出口”。
• She held the umbrella over both of us. 她给我们两人都撑着伞。
• Helicopters dropped leaflets over the city. 直升机在城市上空散发传单。
• I put my hands over my eyes/ears because I couldn't bear to watch/listen. 我用手捂住眼睛／耳朵，因为我看／听不下去。
• I couldn't hear what she was saying over the noise of the planes taking off (= the aircraft were louder than her voice). 因为飞机起飞时噪声太大，我听不清她在说甚么。
Compare under
UK ['əʊ.vər] US ['oʊ.vɚ] preposition
COVERING 涂盖
 ESSENTIAL
■in a position that is covering something 覆盖；在…上面
• Put a clean cloth over the cakes while they cool. 在蛋糕变凉的时候，在上面放一块干净的布。
• I put a shawl over my shoulders. 我在肩上披了条披肩。
UK ['əʊ.vər] US ['oʊ.vɚ] preposition
ACROSS 越过
 ESSENTIAL
■across from one side to the other, especially by going up and then down （越）过；从一边到另一边
• She jumped over the gate. 她跃过大门。
• The road goes over the mountains, not through a tunnel. 这条路并不是穿过隧道，而是翻山而过。
• She is always chatting with her neighbour over the garden wall. 她总是和邻居隔着花园的墙闲聊。
• From the top of the tower you could see for miles over the city. 在塔顶上你能俯瞰这个城市，可以看到好几英里远。
• Tanks travel over the most difficult ground. 坦克能在最难通行的道路上行驶。
UK ['əʊ.vər] US ['oʊ.vɚ] preposition
FALLING 坠落
 ESSENTIAL
■falling down from somewhere 从…坠落
• The coin rolled over the edge of the table. 硬币从桌边滚了下来。
• Harold jumped out of the car just before it went over the cliff. 就在汽车从悬崖边翻落下去之前，哈乐德从车里跳了出来。
 ESSENTIAL
■falling because of stepping on something 因为踩到某物而摔倒
• She tripped over the rug. 她被小地毯绊倒了。
UK ['əʊ.vər] US ['oʊ.vɚ] preposition
MORE THAN 超过
 ESSENTIAL
■more than 在…以上，多于
• Most of the carpets cost/are over £100. 大多数地毯都要卖100英镑以上。
• Children over the age of 12 (= older than 12) must have full-price tickets. 12岁以上的孩子必须买全票。
• I value quality of life over money. 我把生活品质看得比金钱更重要。
 ADVANCED
■increasing to further than a particular limit or point 超过
• They are already $25 million over budget. 他们的花费已经超过预算2500万美元了。
over and above
■in addition to 除了，此外，另外
• They receive extra money over and above the usual welfare payments. 除了通常的福利费以外，他们还收到一笔额外的补助。
UK ['əʊ.vər] US ['oʊ.vɚ] preposition
OTHER SIDE 另一边
 IMPROVER
■on the other side of 在…的另一边
• There's a pub over the road we could go to. 我们可以去路那边的一家酒吧。
• The story continues over the page. 故事转下一页。
UK ['əʊ.vər] US ['oʊ.vɚ] preposition
CONNECTED WITH 与…相关的
 IMPROVER
■(referring to a cause of interest, worry, discussion, etc.) connected with or about 与…有关，关于，因为
• There's no point in arguing over something so unimportant. 争论这样的小事毫无意义。
• I need time to talk/think over your proposal (= to discuss/consider it carefully). 我需要时间谈谈／考虑考虑你的提议。
• The legal battle was over who should have custody of the child. 这场法律之争是关于谁应该获得这孩子的监护权。
UK ['əʊ.vər] US ['oʊ.vɚ] preposition
DURING 在…期间
 ADVANCED
■during something, or while doing something 在… 期间
• I was in Seattle over the summer. 整个夏天我都在西雅图。
• Shall we discuss it over lunch/over a drink? 我们边吃午饭／边喝点东西边讨论这个问题好吗？
• They took/spent an hour over lunch (= Their meal lasted an hour). 他们吃午饭花了一个小时。
• It's fascinating to watch how a baby changes and develops over time (= as time passes). 看着一个婴儿随着时间流逝而成长真是件奇妙的事。
UK ['əʊ.vər] US ['oʊ.vɚ] preposition
FEELING BETTER 感觉好些
be/get over sth
 ADVANCED
■to feel physically or mentally better after an illness or an upsetting experience 从（疾病或不愉快的经历中）恢复过来
• It takes you a while to get over an illness like that. 得那样的病需要一段时间才能恢复过来。
• His girlfriend finished with him last year and he's not over her yet. 去年他女朋友就跟他分手了，但他仍难以释怀。
• He's not fully recovered, but he's over the worst (= has experienced the worst stage of the illness and is now improving). 他还没有痊愈，不过已经渡过了最危险的阶段。
UK ['əʊ.vər] US ['oʊ.vɚ] preposition
CONTROL 控制
 ADVANCED
■in control of or teaching someone or something （表示控制或管教）在…之上，高于
• A good teacher has an easy authority over a class. 出色的老师轻而易举就能让一整班的学生听话。
• She's a sales manager but she has a regional sales director over (= with a higher rank than) her. 她是位销售经理，可是她上面还有一位地区销售主管。
• The victory over the French at Waterloo was Wellington's greatest triumph. 在滑铁卢打败法军是威灵顿最大的胜利。
UK ['əʊ.vər] US ['oʊ.vɚ] preposition
USING 使用
 ADVANCED
■using 用
• They spoke over the phone. 他们在电话里交谈。
• We heard the news over the radio. 我们是从收音机里听到这个消息的。
UK ['əʊ.vər] US ['oʊ.vɚ] preposition
MATHS 数学
■sometimes used when talking about a calculation in which one number is divided by another number 除以
• 40 over 7 is roughly 6. 40除以7约等于6。
UK ['əʊ.vər] US ['oʊ.vɚ] preposition
all over somewhere ADVANCED
■everywhere in a particular place 到处，遍及
• Soon the news was all over town. 很快，消息就传遍了全镇。
UK ['əʊ.vər] US ['oʊ.vɚ] preposition
be all over sb informal
■to be touching someone in a sexual way everywhere on their body （指性行为）将（某人）压在身下
• She was all over him, kissing him and stroking him. 她把他整个压在身下，亲吻并抚摸他。
UK ['əʊ.vər] US ['oʊ.vɚ] adverb
DOWN 向下
 ESSENTIAL
■from a higher to a lower position; down （从…）向下
• The little boy fell over and started to cry. 小男孩摔倒后哭了起来。
• He was run/knocked over by a taxi. 他被一辆出租车撞倒了。
UK ['əʊ.vər] US ['oʊ.vɚ] adverb
ACROSS 越过
 ESSENTIAL
■across; from one side or place to another 越过；（从一边或一地）到另一边（或另一地）
• She leaned over and kissed me. 她俯身过来吻了我。
• A fighter plane flew over. 一架战斗机在空中掠过。
• Why don't you come over (= come to my house) for dinner on Thursday? 星期四过来吃晚餐吧？
• I've got a friend over from Canada this week (= A friend came from Canada and is staying with me). 这周有个从加拿大来的朋友住在我这儿。
• Now we're going over to (= there will be a broadcast from) Wembley for commentary on the Cup Final. 现在我们来听听来自温布利体育场的关于杯赛决赛的实况报道。
• Come over here (= to this place from where you are) - it's warmer. 过来——这儿较暖。
• Who's that man over there (= in that place) ? 那边那个男人是谁？
 ESSENTIAL
■describes the way an object moves or is moved so that a different part of it is facing up 翻过，翻转
• She turned another page over. 她又翻了一页。
• The dog rolled over onto its back. 狗翻过身仰面躺着。
• The children rolled over and over (= turned over many times) down the gentle slope. 孩子们在缓坡上一次次地滚下来玩。
 ESSENTIAL
■changing or exchanging position 变换，交换（位置）
• Would you mind changing/swapping those plates over? 可以把那些碟子调换一下位置吗？
• She changed over to editing from marketing. 她不做行销，改当编辑了。
• Why should we hand over the money to the Russians? 为甚么我们要把钱交给俄国人？
• I've done all I can - now it's over to you (= it's your turn to take action). 我能做的都做了——现在该看你的行动。
UK ['əʊ.vər] US ['oʊ.vɚ] adverb
HIGHER POSITION 更高处
 ESSENTIAL
■above or higher than something else, sometimes so that one thing covers the other 在…上方
• A fighter plane flew over. 一架战斗机在空中掠过。
• A man came to paint over (= cover with paint) the cracks in the wall. 来了一个人用油漆涂盖墙上的裂缝。
UK ['əʊ.vər] US ['oʊ.vɚ] adverb
MORE THAN 超过
 ESSENTIAL
■more than a particular amount or level 超过，以上
• People who are 65 years old and over can get half-price tickets. 65岁或以上人士可半价购票。
■ over 1 UK ['əʊ.vər] US ['oʊ.vɚ]
adverb
FINISHED 完成的
 IMPROVER
■(especially of an event) finished （尤指事件）结束的，完毕的
• I'll be glad when the competition is over. 竞赛结束，我会很高兴。
• I used to have a thriving business and a happy marriage, but that's all over now (= finished). 我曾经生意兴旺，婚姻幸福，但现在全都完了。
over and done with
■completely finished 彻底结束；了结
• She gets unpleasant tasks over and done with as quickly as possible. 她会尽快处理好棘手的任务。
UK ['əʊ.vər] US ['oʊ.vɚ] adverb
EXTRA 额外地
 ADVANCED
■extra; not used 额外地；不用地；剩余地
• I have some American dollars left over from the last time I was there. 上回我去美国还剩了些美元。
• UK When all the guests had gone, we realized there was lots of food over. 客人都走了以后，我们发现还剩下很多食物。
UK ['əʊ.vər] US ['oʊ.vɚ] adverb
AGAIN 又
 ADVANCED US
■again or repeatedly 再，又；重复地
• You've ruined it - now I'll have to do it over! 你把它弄砸了——现在我要再做一遍！
UK ['əʊ.vər] US ['oʊ.vɚ] adverb
FINISHED TALKING 通话完毕
■said when you are talking to someone by radio, to mean that you have finished speaking and will wait for their answer （用于无线电通话）完毕，请回话
• "This is flight 595X. Do you read me? Over." “595X航班，你听到了吗？完毕。”
Over and out.
■said when you are talking to someone by radio in order to end the conversation （用于无线电通话）通话完毕
• "Thank you, control tower. Over and out." “谢谢，控制塔。通话完毕”
UK ['əʊ.vər] US ['oʊ.vɚ] adverb
over and over (again) IMPROVER
■happening or done many times 一再地，再三地
• I read the article over and over till it made sense. 我把文章读了一遍又一遍，直到读懂为止。
UK ['əʊ.vər] US ['oʊ.vɚ] adverb
It isn't over until the fat lady sings. saying
■used for saying that it is still possible for a situation to change 形容某情形仍有机会改变
UK ['əʊ.vər] US ['oʊ.vɚ] noun countable
■(in cricket) a set of six bowl s (= throws) from the same end of the field （板球中的）一轮投球数
over, on, above
over: 在正上方 fly over the hill
on: 在上面，接触，
above: 在上面，不接触，
over, through, along, across
这组词都有“横过、穿过”的意思，其区别是：
over: 常和动态动词连用，指“从……上面越过”或“横越”；表静态时，指“在彼处”。
through: 侧重从一端穿到另一端。
along: 指沿着一条直线在水平方向上运动。一般表动态，有时也与静态动词连用。
across: 指“从……的一边到另一边”，强调横过，多与动态动词连用。
adv. 结束；越过；从头到尾
 - all up
prep. 越过；在…之上；遍于…之上
 - upon, onto, beyond, past, up
adj. 结束的；上面的
 - ended, upper, closing, past, concluding
vt. 越过
 - negotiate, surmount

Word: mishandle
Front: mishandle
[ˌmɪsˈhændl] (18835/33021)
Vocabulary: mishandle
(once / 11365 pages)
v
When you mishandle something, you make a mess of it. For example, a teacher who mishandles a classroom loses control of his students.
An entrepreneur who mishandles an important meeting at her bank might have lost an opportunity to borrow money for her business, and a dog trainer who mishandles an aggressive dog might end up getting bitten. When you handle something, you deal with it, and when you add the Old English prefix mis-, it means that you've dealt with it in a "wrong" or "bad" way.
WORD FAMILY
mishandle: mishandled, mishandles, mishandling+/ handle: handled, handleless, handler, handles, handling, mishandle /handler: handlers/handling: handlings
USAGE EXAMPLES
He also accused the state Department of Children and Families of mishandling its child abuse investigation.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Thousands of people from the affected region accuse the government of mishandling the disaster and the payment of compensation.
Reuters(Dec 24, 2016)
Before Mr. Comey said that, it was believed that the F.B.I. was focusing primarily on the potential mishandling of classified information, a misdemeanor.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: vt. 处理不当（不力），错误地处理; 粗暴地对待，虐待
时态：mishandled, mishandling, mishandles
分布：马虎对待(50%)，粗暴对待(50%)
→mis-,坏的，错的，不好的，handle,处理。
verb transitive
■to deal with something without the necessary care or skill 对…处理不当
• The police were accused of mishandling the investigation. 警方被控调查不当。
vt. 虐待；错误地处理
 - abuse, mistreat

Word: raiser
Front: raiser
['reɪzə] (18711/25044)
Back: n. 举起者; 提出者; 筹集者; 饲养者
分布：饲养者(34%)，筹集者(22%)，提高者(22%)，栽培者(22%)
n. 饲养者；提高者；栽培者；筹集者
 - grower, cultivator

Word: serve
Front: serve
[sɜ:v] (中高 401/625 -K4)
Vocabulary: serve
(once / 20 pages)
1v 2v 3v 4v 5vn
To serve is to perform a role or function. While your co-worker is out sick, you gladly serve as his replacement until he gets better.
Serve comes from the Latin word for servant or slave, but you can serve people without being subordinate to them. You might serve your family hamburgers for dinner, or serve the tennis ball. If you serve a cause, you devote yourself to it. Bug repellant will serve you well on a summer fishing trip. In prison you serve time. If you're elected Mayor, you'll serve a term of three or four years.
WORD FAMILY
serve: servant, served, server, serves, serving+/ servant: servants/server: servers/serving: self-serving, servings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The club’s bar will need government approvals to serve alcohol, not to mention other regulatory issues.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Her no-show brought criticism from lawmakers, who serve as prosecutors during the presidential impeachment trial.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
It’s a Styku 3-D body scanner, tucked away in a room next to a minibar serving protein shakes.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. （为…）服务; 任（职）; 提供; 端上
vt. 招待; （为…）工作; 对…有用; 向…供应
vi. 适合; 服役; 供职; [网球、羽毛球]发球
n. 网球等发球; 发球权; 所发的球
时态：served, serving, serves
分布：服务(67%)，发球(28%)，侍候(1%)，度过(1%)，担任(1%)，对待(1%)，可作 ... 用(1%)
→来自拉丁语 servire,服务，服侍，来自 servus,奴隶，仆人，可能来自*ser,连接，排列，词源 同 series,serial.引申诸相关词义。
v.服务,尽责;招待,侍候;符合,适用In the beautiful bureau my daughter's laughter served for the sauce of the sausage.在漂亮的办公署,女儿的笑声充当了香肠的调料.
US [sɝ:v] verb
PROVIDE FOOD/DRINK 提供食物／饮料
 ESSENTIAL intransitive or transitive
■to provide food or drinks 提供（食物或饮料）
• Do they serve meals in the bar? 这家酒吧有提供饭菜吗？
• Breakfast is served in the restaurant between 7 and 9. 餐厅早上七点到九点供应早餐。
• We arrived at the hotel and were served with champagne and canapés. 我们到达旅馆后，旅馆提供了香槟和小饼干。
• All recipes in this book, unless otherwise stated, will serve (= be enough for) 4 to 5 people. 本书里的所有食谱，除了特别标明的，都可供四至五人享用。
• [+ obj + adj] Serve the tarts hot with custard or whipped cream. 趁热上果馅糕点，配上卡士达酱或鲜奶油。
UK [sɜ:v] US [sɝ:v] verb
WORK 工作
 IMPROVER intransitive or transitive
■to work for; to do your duty to （为…）工作；（为…）服务；尽职责
• He served in the army in India for twenty years. 他在印度服了20年兵役。
• She has served on the committee for the last fifteen years. 15年来，她一直在该委员会任职。
• He served under Harold Wilson as Transport Minister. 他在哈罗德‧威尔逊手下当交通部长。
UK [sɜ:v] US [sɝ:v] verb
HELP ACHIEVE 帮助实现
 IMPROVER intransitive or transitive
■to help achieve something or to be useful as something 有助于实现；（对…）有用
• The minister said she did not consider that a public enquiry would serve any useful purpose. 部长说，她认为公开调查不会达到任何有益的成效。
• The judge said that the fine would serve as a warning to other motorists who drove without due care. 法官说此次罚款对其他疏忽驾驶的司机会是一种警告。
• In the absence of anything better the settee would serve (= could be used) as a bed for a couple of nights. 如果没有更好的选择，长沙发可以当几天床用。
• [+ to infinitive] Nothing serves to explain the violent fighting we have seen recently. 甚么都无法解释我们最近所目睹的暴力殴斗。
• old-fashioned My umbrella will serve for a weapon. 我的伞可以当武器用。
UK [sɜ:v] US [sɝ:v] verb
PROVIDE STH NECESSARY 提供必需品
 IMPROVER transitive
■to provide with something that is needed 为…提供所需物品，供应
• London's hospitals, so says the report, are out of touch with the communities that they serve. 这份报告指出，伦敦的医院对它们所服务的社区毫无了解。
UK [sɜ:v] US [sɝ:v] verb
DEAL WITH CUSTOMER 与顾客打交道
transitive
■in a shop, restaurant or hotel, to deal with a customer by taking their order, showing or selling them goods, etc. 接待；招待；为…服务
• Are you being served, madam? 女士，有服务员招待您吗？
• That's the restaurant where they refused to serve Giles because he was so rude. 就是那家餐馆拒绝招待贾尔斯，因为他太粗鲁。
UK [sɜ:v] US [sɝ:v] verb
SPEND TIME 花时间
transitive
■to spend a period of time doing something 花费，度过（一段时间）
• He served four years in prison for robbery. 他因抢劫坐了四年牢。
• After he'd served his apprenticeship he found work overseas. 他学徒期满后在海外找到了工作。
serve time
■to spend time in prison 服刑；蹲监狱
• He's serving time for drugs offences. 他因毒品犯罪正在服刑。
UK [sɜ:v] US [sɝ:v] verb
HIT BALL 击球
intransitive or transitive
■in sports such as tennis, to hit the ball to the other player as a way of starting the game （在网球等体育运动中）发（球）
• Whose turn is it to serve? 轮到谁发球了？
• That's the third ace you've served this game. 那是你在这局比赛中第三次发球得分。
UK [sɜ:v] US [sɝ:v] verb
GIVE DOCUMENT 送达文件
transitive legal
■to give a legal document to someone, demanding that they go to a court of law or that they obey an order 将…正式送达
• Less than two weeks ago Gough finally served a writ on Slater, claiming damages for alleged loss of royalties. 不到两个星期以前，高夫终于将传票送达给斯莱特，要求对其所涉及的版税损失作出赔偿。
• Each person served with a summons will be given six weeks before they have to appear in the Magistrates' Court. 每一个收到传票的人都将在六个星期后在地方法院出庭。
UK [sɜ:v] US [sɝ:v] verb
if my memory serves me right
■if I remember correctly 如果我没记错的话
• I think he was called Brian, if my memory serves me right. 如果我没记错的话，我想他叫布赖恩。
UK [sɜ:v] US [sɝ:v] verb
serve sb right informal ADVANCED
■If you say that something bad serves someone right, you mean that they deserve it （某人）罪有应得，（某人）活该
• "He hit me!" "It serves you right. You shouldn't have been rude to him." “他打了我！”“活该。你不该对他那么粗鲁。”
UK [sɜ:v] US [sɝ:v] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] serve (sth) up/out
■to put food on plates for people to eat 分配（菜）；分（饭）
• Come on everyone, I'm ready to serve up. 大家快来，我要分菜了。
• Jack, could you serve out the trifle? 杰克，你能分一下起司蛋糕吗？
UK [sɜ:v] US [sɝ:v] noun countable (also service)
■in sports such as tennis, the act of hitting the ball to the other player to start play （在网球等体育运动中）发（球）
• It's your serve. 该你发球了。
• She's got a very fast service. 她发的球速度很快。
serve, conduct, shoulder, tackle
serve: V服务；供（某人）饭菜；供职、服役 N 发球
conduct: N 行为，品德，指导，指挥，管理，经营 V 领导，指导，带领；控制，管理；传导（热、电流等）
shoulder: N 肩膀，肩部 V 扛，承担
tackle: 应付，对付，处理
vt. 招待，供应；为…服务；对…有用；可作…用
 - invite, attend, guest
vi. 服役，服务；适合，足够；发球；招待，侍候
 - gear, help

Word: stasis
Front: stasis
[ˈsteɪsɪs] (宝 19014/23917)
Vocabulary: stasis
(once / 48841 pages)
n
When nothing's happening, that's stasis. A town government might be stuck in a period of stasis, unable to come to a decision about a controversial issue.
Sometimes opposing forces are equal in power, and since neither is stronger than the other, the result is a state where neither can gain any headway. This state is called stasis, and it is basically a stoppage of movement. In medicine, stasis describes the stopping of any bodily fluids from flowing, usually by an obstruction. The same idea is seen in literary stasis, where there is no forward movement in a story.
WORD FAMILY
stasis
USAGE EXAMPLES
But there was, at least, an emergence from cultural stasis and solipsism into self-consciousness.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
But because, in encouraging that homogeneity, it locks English soccer — as opposed to the multinational Premier League — in stasis.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Some sections employed stasis, body language, a series of dramatic situations in which dancers moved from pose to pose.
New York Times(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: n. 停滞，静止
分布：淤滞(65%)，静止(35%)
→来自希腊语 stasis,停止，静止，保持站立姿势，来自 sta,站立，词源同 stand,-asis,表状态。
【反】motility＝activity（n 运动性）；period of change（改变期间）
['steɪ.sɪs] formal
noun uncountable
■a state which does not change 停滞；静止
• She was bored - her life was in stasis. 她厌倦极了——她的生活像一潭死水。
n. 郁积， [医] 停滞；血行停滞
 - stagnation, bogged down

Word: perforation
Front: perforation
[ˌpɜ:fəˈreɪʃn] (18752/25217)
Back: n. 穿孔; 贯穿; 针孔; 齿孔
分布：孔(58%)，穿孔(42%)
→来自perforate,穿孔。
N-COUNT
小孔；小洞；（尤指）纸孔
Perforations are small holes that are made in something, especially in paper.
例：Tear off the form along the perforations and send it to Sales...沿着纸孔撕下表格，寄给销售部。
例：When held to the light the small oblong leaves are seen to possess tiny perforations.迎着光看时，就会发现椭圆形小叶子上有微小的孔眼。
n. [病理] [木] [医] 穿孔； [军] 贯穿
 - punched hole, punching

Word: granny
Front: granny
['ɡrænɪ] (中高 18824/7205 -1)
Back: n. 奶奶; 外婆; 婆婆妈妈的人
分布：名词(100%)
奶奶(grandma"奶奶"的小孩叫法[-y 1.加在名词后变成形容词2表名词,加在形容词或以r结尾的单词后3表名词"人或小东西"常带有戏谑性和爱称]
(also grannie) ['græn.i] noun countable informal for
■ grandmother
(also grannie) ['græn.i] adjective UK informal
■used of something that you wear, to mean having a style like those worn by old women （穿戴的衣物）老太太式样的，适合老奶奶穿的
• granny glasses/shoes 老花镜／老奶奶鞋
n. 奶奶；外婆
 - nan, naan

Word: shaving
Front: shaving
['ʃeɪvɪŋ] (18858/23918 -1)
Back: n. 剃胡子，修面; 削; 刨花
v. 修面，剃(shave的现在分词)
分布：剃须(74%)，修面(20%)，动词shave的现在分词.(3%)，削片(3%)
adjective [before noun]
■for using when you shave 修面用的；用于剃须的
• a shaving brush 修面刷
• shaving cream/foam 刮胡膏
n. 刮胡子，修面； [皮革] 削；刨花
 - wood wool

Word: attentively
Front: attentively
[ə'tentɪvlɪ] (高 18857/19677)
Vocabulary: attentively
(once / 966 pages)
adv
To do something attentively is to do it with full attention and focus. If you listen attentively in class, you might just get an A. Listen attentively to the directions before you swim in a shark cage and survive!
When you give something your attention, you're focusing on it. To be attentive is to be zeroed in on something. Add an -ly and it’s an adverb — doing things attentively shows this kind of mindset. In a crowded mall, parents attentively watch their little children so they don't get lost. Intelligence agents attentively watch out for threats to the country. Doing something attentively is the opposite of doing it in a careless, zoned-out way.
WORD FAMILY
attentive: attentively, attentiveness, inattentive +/ attend: attendance, attendant, attended, attender, attending, attends, attention, attentive / attendance: attendances, nonattendance/ attendant: attendants/attended: unattended/attender: attenders, nonattender/ attention: attentional, attentions, inattention / inattention: inattentions/ inattentive: inattentively, inattentiveness
USAGE EXAMPLES
At home, he listens attentively to Laura, who is sometimes ridiculous, but endlessly supportive of him.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
At my first therapy appointment, the psychopharmacologist listened to me attentively, then said bluntly: “Stop drinking for a month.”
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
It’s hard to imagine a writer of English listening attentively to Dylan’s lyrics without being impacted by the language, the structure and the content.
Time(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: adv. 聚精会神地; 周到地; 谛; 凝神
分布：注意地(75%)，留意地(25%)
ADJ-GRADED
注意的；专心的；留意的
If you are attentive, you are paying close attention to what is being said or done.
例：The vast majority of the attentive audience applauded these sentiments...大多数聚精会神听讲的观众都对这些观点表示赞赏。
例：He wishes the government would be more attentive to detail in their response.他希望政府的回应能更加关注细节。
ADJ-GRADED
关心的;体贴的;殷勤的
Someone who is attentive is helpful and polite.
例：At society parties he is attentive to his wife...在社交聚会上，他对妻子体贴周到。
例：The staff is well trained in courteous and attentive service to each and every guest.员工训练有素，为每一位客人提供礼貌周到的服务。
adv. 注意地；聚精会神地；周到地
 - mindfully, studiously

Word: chowder
Front: chowder
[ˈtʃaʊdə(r)] (19043/-)
Vocabulary: chowder
(once / 11645 pages)
n
Chowder is a thick, chunky soup that often contains fish or shellfish. New England is well known for its creamy, rich version of clam chowder.
Chowder is somewhere between a soup and a stew — it's full of chunks of potato and onions, thick with bacon, fish, or vegetables, and sometimes eaten with crackers on the side or crumbled on top. Chowder is one of many words that distinctly originated in America, and it was included in the first edition of Noah Webster's dictionary of American English. Chowder comes from the pot in which it's cooked, chaudière, French for "a pot."
WORD FAMILY
chowder: chowders
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ivar’s operates 24 fish bars, which are smaller than its three sit-down restaurants and offer fast-casual options such as fish and chips and clam chowder.
Seattle Times(Dec 16, 2016)
But the menu includes dishes from across the country, from the Memphis barbecue chicken to the New England clam chowder.
Washington Post(Dec 10, 2016)
I keep it for my Sunday night ritual: clam chowder and toast, a perfect, quiet, food-for-the-soul menu to wrap up the weekend.
New York Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 杂烩
分布：洋葱等煨成的食品)(100%)
→原指一种法国的大锅，来自cauldron，词源同calorie, 卡路里。
US [-dɚ] mainly US
noun uncountable
■a type of thick soup usually made from fish or other sea creatures （海鲜）杂烩浓汤
• clam chowder 蛤蜊浓汤

Word: redefinition
Front: redefinition
[ˌri:defɪ'nɪʃn] (18758/22774)
Back: n. 重新定义; 再定义
分布：重新定义(100%)
N-UNCOUNT
重新定义;重新界定;重新思考
The redefinition of something is the act or process of causing people to consider it in a new way.
例：...the redefinition of the role of the intellectual.关于知识分子作用的重新界定

Word: hacienda
Front: hacienda
[ˌhæsɪˈendə] (19036/29523)
Back: n. （讲西班牙语国家的）庄园住宅，大农场
分布：庄园(100%)
→来自西班牙语hacienda,庄园，农庄，来自拉丁语facere,做，耕作，词源同do,fact.拉丁语f进入西班牙语时变成h.
n. 大庄园
 - latifundia, estancia

Word: conscript
Front: conscript
[kənˈskrɪpt] (宝 19067/16842 -1)
Vocabulary: conscript
(once / 1547 pages)
vn
If you’re ever drafted into the Turkish army, then you could be called a conscript, someone who is forced to join the military.
At the root of conscript is the Latin word conscriptus, meaning “enroll.” Conscript does involve enrollment — but it’s a forced enrollment, used to describe someone who has been forced to join the military, such as someone who has been drafted. As a verb, conscript means "force to join," like a military that conscripts new soldiers. In contrast, those who choose to join are recruited; when they enter the service, they enlist.
WORD FAMILY
conscript: conscripted, conscripting, conscription, conscripts+/ conscription: conscriptions
USAGE EXAMPLES
He said that some of the guards were young conscripts who wept when they saw their peers hauled in as prisoners.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
As a result, Dr. Browder was conscripted into the Army at 25.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Residents say they fear reprisals from government forces or being forcibly conscripted.
BBC(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 被征入伍者
adj. 被征入伍的
vt. 征兵
时态：conscripted, conscripting, conscripts
分布：征召(48%)，征兵(31%)，应征士兵(21%)
→con-, 强调。-script, 写，词源同description.
壮丁,新兵(con+script)[scrib,script=write,表示"写"]
【记】con共同，script写－把小兵们的名字写入一张纸上－强行征兵
【参】prescription（n 指示；命令；处方）；scripture（n 《圣经》；圣书）
[kən'skrɪpt/ (US usually draft)
verb transitive
■to force someone by law to serve in one of the armed forces 征召，招募
• He was conscripted into the army at the age of 18. 他18岁被征召入伍。
vt. 征召
 - call sb up

Word: spongy
Front: spongy
[ˈspʌndʒi] (宝 18874/23299)
Back: adj. 海绵似的，柔软吸水的，富有弹性的; 肉; 瓤; 多水
分布：不坚实的(50%)，像海绵的(50%)
→spongi-,海绵，-y,形容词后缀。
adjective
■soft and able to absorb or having already absorbed a lot of liquid, like a sponge 海绵似的；柔软易吸水的；湿软的
adj. 海绵状的；轻软的；多孔而有弹性的；有吸水性的
 - flossy, fleecy

Word: eye-catching
Front: eye-catching
[aɪ 'kætʃɪŋ] (托 -1)
Back: adj. 引人注目的; 显著的
分布：引人注目的(72%)，耀眼的(28%)
adjective
■very attractive or noticeable 引人注目的，抢眼的，惹人注意的
• an eye-catching poster 引人注目的海报
adj. 引人注目的；耀眼的；显著的
 - attractive, obvious, prominent, marked, dramatic

Word: preventative
Front: preventative
[prɪ'ventətɪv] (18878/19155)
Vocabulary: preventative
(once / 25364 pages)
adjn
Use the adjective preventative to describe something that helps keep you free of disease, like a healthy diet and plenty of exercise.
If it prevents illness, it's preventative. You can also use the word for things that hinder you, like a preventative speed bump that keeps you from rushing home to watch your favorite TV show, but it's more commonly a medical or health term. "Preventative medicine," for example, is focused on avoiding diseases rather than treating them. The Latin root word, praeventus, means "to hinder."
WORD FAMILY
preventative: preventatives+/ prevent: preventable, preventative, prevented, preventing, prevention, preventive, prevents/ preventable: unpreventable/ prevention: preventions/ preventive: preventively, preventives
USAGE EXAMPLES
He calls it preventative dentistry at its best.
Washington Times(Nov 25, 2016)
A study published in the New England Journal of Medicine, raised "concern" that English surgeons may be performing preventative operations less often.
BBC(Nov 23, 2016)
Embedded in preventative and rehabilitative care is the presumption of a long, fulfilling life.
The Guardian(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 预防性的
分布：预防性的(79%)，预防法(14%)，=preventive.(7%)
ADJ
同preventive
Preventative means the same as preventive .
n. 预防法；预防物
 - prophylaxis, preservative

Word: feverishly
Front: feverishly
['fi:vərɪʃlɪ] (18880/21986)
Back: adv. 发热地; 狂热地，兴奋地
分布：兴奋地(75%)，发热地(25%)
ADJ-GRADED
紧张忙乱的;狂乱的
Feverish activity is done extremely quickly, often in a state of nervousness or excitement because you want to finish it as soon as possible.
例：Hours of feverish activity lay ahead. The tents had to be erected, the stalls set up.之后是几小时的忙活。要竖起帐篷，搭好货摊。
ADJ
(情绪)极度紧张兴奋的，极度焦虑狂躁的
Feverish emotion is characterized by extreme nervousness or excitement.
例：He will be attending next week's American Grammy Awards in feverish anticipation.他将带着紧张兴奋的期待出席下周的美国格莱美奖颁奖。
例：...a state of feverish excitement.紧张激动的状态
ADJ-GRADED
发烧的;发热的
If you are feverish, you are suffering from a fever.
例：A feverish child refuses to eat and asks only for cold drinks...发烧的孩子不愿吃东西，只会要冷饮。
例：She looked feverish, her eyes glistened.她看上去像是发烧了，两眼闪着光。
adv. 狂热地；兴奋地
 - excitedly, crazily

Word: yardage
Front: yardage
[ˈjɑ:dɪdʒ] (18785/42796)
Back: n. 火车站内栏舍之使用费，按码计算; 方码数; 尺码
分布：按码计算(51%)，禽畜围栏的使用(33%)，美式足球向前推进的距离(16%)
→来自yard,码。

Word: prima
Front: prima
['pri:mə] (27340/35916)
Back: adj. <意>第一的; 光皮; 初波
分布：第一的(50%)，主要的(50%)
adj. （意）第一的，主要的
 - premier, major, central, leading, great

Word: bipartisanship
Front: bipartisanship
[baɪ'pa:tɪzənʃɪp] (18965/-)
Back: n. 两党关系
<美>两党合作
分布：两党合作(100%)

Word: canoeing
Front: canoeing
[kəˈnu:ɪŋ] (18842/17163)
Back: n. 划独木舟，玩独木舟; 皮划艇运动
分布：独木舟运动(67%)，动词canoe的现在分词形式.(33%)
N-UNCOUNT
划独木舟(比赛)
Canoeing is the sport of using and racing a canoe.
例：They went canoeing in the wilds of Canada.他们去澳大利亚的荒野河谷中划独木舟。

Word: pacify
Front: pacify
[ˈpæsɪfaɪ] (雅宝 18896/19225 -1)
Vocabulary: pacify
(once / 826 pages)
1v 2v
If you are bringing peace or calm to a state of unrest, you are pacifying the situation. Just think of the transformation a squalling baby undergoes when a pacifier is placed within his mouth, and you will remember the power of the verb to pacify.
If you work to establish peace in a certain location between factions at war, then you are working to pacify a country or region. The U.N. has specially trained workers, called peace keepers, who go into to trouble spots to try to pacify rebellions factions and restore order. Or, one can pacify a disgruntled crowd: "The store manager attempted to pacify the restless crowd of shoppers by promising the popular out-of-stock item would soon be back on the shelves."
WORD FAMILY
pacify: pacific, pacified, pacifier, pacifies, pacifying+/ pacific: pacifically, pacification / pacification: pacifications/ pacifier: pacifiers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Chief Minister K Siddharamaiah was among the several politicians and ministers who visited him to pacify him.
BBC(Dec 20, 2016)
“OBJECTified” ought to pacify anyone whining Trump’s interview with “60 minutes” on Sunday wasn’t cushy enough.
Salon(Nov 16, 2016)
Yet Breitbart actively cultivates some of those themes, and Bannon has shown little patience for adjusting the site’s tone to pacify critics.
Seattle Times(Nov 15, 2016)
Back: vt. 使（某人）安静; 息怒; 抚慰; 在（有战争的地区、国家等）实现和平
时态：pacified, pacifying, pacifies
分布：抚慰(59%)，安慰(31%)，使 ... 平静(10%)
→来自peace,和平，平和，-fy,使。即使平和，引申词义平息，安抚。
【记】源于：peace（n 和平；安宁）
【参】pacifier（n 调停者；抚慰者）；
【反】rankle（v 激怒）；tantrum（n 发脾气）；discommode（v 使不方便）；discompose（v 不安）；incite（v 激动）；vex（v 使恼怒）；truculent（adj 好战凶猛的）－pacific（adj 和平的）；
verb transitive
CALM 使镇静
■to cause someone who is angry or upset to be calm and satisfied 使平静，平息；安抚
• He pacified his crying child with a bottle. 他用奶瓶来哄自己哭闹的孩子。
• It was difficult for the police to pacify the angry crowd. 警方难以使愤怒的人群平静下来。
['pæs.ɪ.faɪ] verb transitive
PEACE 和平
■to bring peace to a place or end war in a place 平定，平息；绥靖
• A UN force has been sent in to try and pacify the area worst affected by the civil war. 一支联合国部队已被派遣前往，设法稳定受内战影响最严重的地区。
vt. 使平静；安慰；平定
 - calm, comfort, quiet, compose

Word: quill
Front: quill
[kwɪl] (宝 18789/21041)
Vocabulary: quill
(once / 1806 pages)
n
A quill is a feather, or the narrow tube of a feather's shaft — long ago used as a writing instrument. John Hancock didn't use a ballpoint to sign the Declaration of Independence, Silly. He used a quill!
The quills of a bird's feathers seem ideally designed for dipping in ink and writing on paper — they're so perfect that this type of old-fashioned pen is also called a quill. In addition to birds, there are some mammals with quills, including porcupines and hedgehogs. We know that quill comes from the Low German quiele , but beyond that its origin is a mystery.
WORD FAMILY
quill: quills
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ms. Quill, who spoke at the company’s forum in November, said in an interview that she was “cautiously optimistic” about the new production.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
“Cases that better present the Quill question are already well under way,” said Deborah White, general counsel of the group, which represents big-box stores.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 12, 2016)
The fire urchin has quills that are very toxic to humans - the shrimps avoid this danger by seeking out safe areas between the quills.
BBC(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: n. （刺猬或豪猪的）刺; 羽毛管; <鸟>翮; <纺>纡管
vt. 给（织物或衣服）作皱褶; <纺>卷（纬线）; 使（豪猪等）长满刺; （豪猪等）用刺刺
分布：鹅毛笔(36%)，羽茎(20%)，纬管(16%)，大翎毛(16%)，用刺刺(6%)，打褶皱(6%)
→词源不详。
【记】qu去，ill：用quill扎你一下，你就会quill。
【区】quell（v 镇压）
noun countable
■any of the long sharp pointed hairs on the body of a porcupine （豪猪的）刺
(also quill pen)
■a pen made from a bird's feather, used in the past （过去用的）羽毛笔
n. 大翎毛；羽茎；（豪猪、刺猬的）刚毛
 - seta, chaeta
vt. 刺穿
 - cut through, transpierce

Word: precipice
Front: precipice
[ˈpresəpɪs] (雅宝 18876/19602)
Vocabulary: precipice
(once / 481 pages)
n
Cartoon characters often end up on a precipice, the edge of a steep cliff, where their chubby toes curl and cling as they totter and eventually fall, making a hole in the ground below and getting up again. Most real people avoid precipices.
Unless you're a skilled climber or mountain-sport enthusiast, a precipice is a scary thing. Some imagine falling off and making the sharp drop, while others get dizzy just thinking about looking down. This makes sense, considering that the 17th-century English word precipice comes, through French, from Latin words meaning "headlong" and even "abrupt descent." In modern use, precipice also describes how it feels to fall, or fail, in areas of life that don't involve mountains, such as being "on the precipice of losing everything."
WORD FAMILY
precipice: precipices, precipitous +/ precipitous: precipitously, precipitousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
He thought the Trojans were on the precipice.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Goldberg predicts we are on the precipice of an ’80s-style anti-feminist backlash, and reminds readers of how dark those times were.
Salon(Dec 29, 2016)
The country was on the precipice of seismic change.
Time(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 悬崖，峭壁
分布：绝壁(42%)，险境(29%)，断崖(29%)
→pre-,在前，-cip,头，词源同cap,captain.即头在前，一头栽下，引申词义陡坡，陡崖，悬崖等。
峭壁(pre+cipice头→在前面是尽头→峭壁)[pre-表示"…前的,预先"]
悬崖(pre前＋cipice头→前面是尽头→悬崖)[cap,cipit=head,表示"头"]
悬崖(pre前面+cip头+ice...前面就是尽头...悬崖)[-ice表名词"行为,状态"]
【记】pre前面，cip落下，ice－前面突然落下－悬崖
【反】level（adj 平坦的）
noun countable
■a very steep side of a cliff or a mountain 悬崖，峭壁
• The film opens with a shot of a climber dangling from a precipice. 电影开始时是一个登山者悬在峭壁上的镜头。
■a dangerous situation which could lead to harm or failure 险境，危局
• This latest tax increase may push many small companies over the financial precipice. 最近的这次增税可能会使许多小公司的财务陷入险境。
n. 悬崖；绝壁；险境
 - escarpment, krantz

Word: picking
Front: picking
['pɪkɪŋ] (18900/18630)
Back: v. 采摘; 采( pick的现在分词 ); 摘; 啄; 叼
n. 采摘; 掘，撬开; 采得物，赃物
分布：采集(67%)，动词pick的现在分词.(33%)
VERB
挑选；选择
If you pick a particular person or thing, you choose that one.
例：Mr Nowell had picked ten people to interview for six sales jobs in London...诺埃尔先生为伦敦的6个销售职位选出了10人进行面试。
例：I had deliberately picked a city with a tropical climate.我特意选了一个热带气候的城市。
N-SING
精华；精品；精英
You can refer to the best things or people in a particular group as the pick of that group.
例：The boys here are the pick of the under-15 cricketers in the country...这儿的男孩是全国15岁以下板球手中的佼佼者。
例：We had the pick of suits from the shop.我们买了店里最好的套装。
VERB
采；摘
When you pick flowers, fruit, or leaves, you break them off the plant or tree and collect them.
例：She used to pick flowers in the Cromwell Road...她过去常到克伦威尔路采花。
例：He helps his mother pick fruit.他帮母亲摘果子。
VERB
拿取；挪移
If you pick something from a place, you remove it from there with your fingers or your hand.
例：He picked the napkin from his lap and placed it alongside his plate...他拿起腿上的餐巾，放在盘子旁边。
例：He picked the telephone off the wall bracket.他从墙上的固定托架上摘下电话。
VERB
抠（鼻）；剔（牙）
If you pick your nose or teeth, you remove substances from inside your nose or between your teeth.
例：Edgar, don't pick your nose, dear...埃德加，不要抠鼻子，宝贝儿。
例：He had just had a meal and was picking his teeth after it.他刚吃完饭，正在剔牙。
VERB
寻找…的口实；寻（衅）；找（碴儿）
If you pick a fight or quarrel with someone, you deliberately cause one.
例：He picked a fight with a waiter and landed in jail...他找碴儿跟服务生打了一架，最后进了监狱。
例：He was clearly in a mood to pick a quarrel with anybody.他现在的心情明显是逮谁就想跟谁吵。
VERB
撬开（锁）；扒窃…中的东西
If someone such as a thief picks a lock, they open it without a key, for example by using a piece of wire.
例：He picked each lock deftly, and rifled the papers within each drawer.他熟练地撬开每一把锁，把每个抽屉里的文件都偷走了。
N-COUNT
同 pickaxe
A pick is the same as a pickaxe .
PHRASE
挑挑拣拣；挑三拣四；挑剔
If you pick and choose, you carefully choose only things that you really want and reject the others.
例：As a vocational teacher I could pretty much pick and choose my work...作为一名职业教师，我几乎可以随意挑拣自己的工作。
例：We, the patients, cannot pick and choose our doctors.我们患者不能对医生挑挑拣拣。
PHRASE
可从…中任意挑选
If you have your pick of a group of things, you are able to choose any of them that you want.
例：Here is an actress who could have her pick of any part...这是一个角色任她挑选的女演员。
例：Klein could have had his pick of the world's top models.克莱恩本可以从世界顶尖模特中想选谁就选谁。
PHRASE
任意挑选
If you are told to take your pick, you can choose any one that you like from a group of things.
例：Accountants can take their pick of company cars...会计师可以任选配备的公车。
例：Take your pick from ten luxury hotels...10家豪华宾馆任你选择。
PHRASE
择路而行；小心行路
If you pick your way across an area, you walk across it very carefully in order to avoid obstacles or dangerous things.
例：The girls were afraid of snakes and picked their way along with extreme caution...女孩们害怕蛇，于是谨小慎微地择路而行。
例：I moved away from the shack and picked my way among the rubble.我离开木屋，小心地走在瓦砾间。
PHRASE
收拾残局；努力恢复正常
When you pick up the pieces after a disaster, you do what you can to get the situation back to normal again.
例：Do we try and prevent problems or do we try and pick up the pieces afterwards?...我们是想要防患未然呢，还是想要事后收拾残局？
例：She died, and somehow I never picked up the pieces and started again.她死后我竟一蹶不振，无法重新来过。
PHRASE
加速
When a vehicle picks up speed, it begins to move more quickly.
例：Brian pulled away slowly, but picked up speed.布赖恩慢慢开动汽车，但很快就加速了。
n. 采摘；掘，撬开；采得物；赃物
 - theft, booty
v. 采摘，挑选，挑惕（pike的ing形式）
 - drafting

Word: overuse
Front: overuse
[ˌəʊvəˈju:z] (18872/39845)
Vocabulary: overuse
(once / 15676 pages)
vn
To overuse something is to use it too much. If you use your cell phone way too often, texting your friends all day long and playing online Scrabble all night, you overuse it.
You'll drive your English teacher crazy if you overuse the word like, and you'll rack up all kinds of extra fees if you overuse your iPad. Overuse is also a noun (with a slightly different pronunciation, just as the noun use sounds different from the verb use) — extravagant or excessive use is overuse. The world's overuse of fossil fuels contributes to the rapid warming of the planet.
WORD FAMILY
overuse: overused, overuses, overusing+/ disuse: disused, disuses/misuse: misused, misuses, misusing/ reuse: reusable, reused, reuses, reusing/ usable: unusable, usability, usableness/ usage: ill-usage, usages/usance: usances/ use: disuse, ill-use, misuse, overuse, reuse, usable, usage, usance, useable, used, useed, useful, useless, user, uses, using/useable: unuseable, useableness/ used: ill-used, unused, useder/ useful: usefuler, usefulest, usefully, usefulness/usefully: usefullys/usefulness: unusefulness, usefulnesss/ useless: uselesser, uselessest, uselessly, uselessness/ user: users/using: usings
USAGE EXAMPLES
If their arms fail to bounce back in 2017, critics, including Chapman himself, will point to overuse this autumn.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
The phrase “turning point” is overused, but future historians are likely to view the year 2016 as exactly that.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
“Over the summer, I was hugely motivated,” said Phillips, who likely suffered his back issues from overuse training and participating at nationals.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: vt. 使用过度
时态：overused, overusing, overuses
分布：过度使用(100%)
US [ˌoʊ.və˞-/
■to use something too often or too much 过度使用；使用…太多；滥用
• I tend to overuse certain favourite expressions. 我往往会滥用一些爱用的表达方式。
noun uncountable UK [ˌəʊ.vəˈjuːs] US [ˌoʊ.və˞-/
■when something is used too often or too much 过度使用；使用…太多；滥用
• The overuse of X-rays may be causing 250 deaths each year. X射线的过度使用，每年可能会导致250人死亡。

Word: year-end
Front: year-end
['jɜ:rend] None
Back: n. 年终
adj. 年终的
分布：年终(50%)，年终的(50%)

Word: steal
Front: steal
[sti:l] (中高研四六托 1784/1891 -K3)
Vocabulary: steal
(once / 102 pages)
vn
To steal is take something that isn't yours: thieves steal. But a bargain that's so good it's almost like you're getting away with robbery is also called a steal.
Stealing is what thieves do: taking things from other people. A bank robber steals money. A mugger steals purses and wallets. People also use steal in other ways. If someone wastes your time, you might say they're stealing your time. A store having a sale might say, "Our prices are a steal!" In baseball, a runner can steal a base. When you see steal, think "take."
WORD FAMILY
steal: stealer, stealing, steals, stolen+/stealer: stealers/stealing: stealings
USAGE EXAMPLES
He finished with 11 assists, six rebounds, two steals and just one turnover.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
A little more than an hour later an officer spotted the stolen car, called for backup, and began pursuing the suspects.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“They didn’t just steal data; they weaponized it,” he said of Russia, also on the ABC program.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. 偷; 悄悄地做，悄悄地走; 潜行; 不正当的获得
vi. 偷; 偷偷地行动：秘密、不显明地行动、发生或消失; [棒球]偷垒
n. 偷窃; 便宜货; 便宜货
时态：stole, stolen, stealing, steals
分布：偷(77%)，窃取(12%)，偷窃(9%)，便宜货(2%)
→来自古英语 stelan,偷，盗窃，来自 Proto-Germanic*stelan,偷，来自 stel,偷，抢，词源同 stalk.
v.偷,窃取;偷偷地做,巧取He conceals the fact that he is jealous of my seal and wants to steal it.他隐瞒了他嫉妒我的印章并想偷的事实.
verb intransitive or transitive (stole, stolen)
TAKE 拿
 ESSENTIAL
■to take something without the permission or knowledge of the owner and keep it 偷，窃
• She admitted stealing the money from her employers. 她承认偷了雇主的钱。
• The number of cars which are stolen every year has risen. 每年失窃车辆的数量都在上升。
• They were so poor they had to steal in order to eat. 他们非常穷，为了填饱肚子只得去行窃。
[sti:l] verb intransitive or transitive (stole, stolen)
DO QUICKLY 行动快速
■to do something quickly or without being noticed 偷偷做；悄悄进行
• She stole a glance at her watch. 她偷偷瞄了一眼自己的手表。
• He stole out of the room while no one was looking. 他趁没人注意，偷偷溜出房间。
[sti:l] verb intransitive or transitive (stole, stolen)
steal sb's thunder
■to do what someone else was going to do before they do it, especially if this takes success or praise away from them 抢先（某人）做；（尤指）抢了（某人）的成功机会（或风头）
• Sandy stole my thunder when she announced that she was pregnant two days before I'd planned to tell people about my pregnancy. 在我打算告诉大家我怀孕的消息之前两天，桑迪抢先宣布她怀孕了，抢了我的风头。
[sti:l] verb intransitive or transitive (stole, stolen)
steal a march on sb
■If you steal a march on someone, you get an advantage over them by acting before they do 抢先（某人）一步
• Our rival company managed to steal a march on us by bringing out their software ahead of ours. 与我们竞争的公司先于我们推出他们的软体，从而抢占了先机。
[sti:l] verb intransitive or transitive (stole, stolen)
steal the limelight
■to get more attention than anyone or anything else in a situation 出风头，抢镜头
• The experimental car certainly stole the limelight at the motor show. 这款实验车型无疑在车展上出尽风头。
[sti:l] verb intransitive or transitive (stole, stolen)
steal the show/scene
■to be the most popular or the best part of an event or situation 最受欢迎；最为出彩
• The child with the dog stole the show. 带着狗的那个孩子最受欢迎。
[sti:l] noun only singular mainly US informal
■a product that has a very low price, or a price that is much lower than the original cost 极廉价的物品；低价
• I picked up a new iron at the sale - it was a steal. 我在大减价时买了个新熨斗——非常便宜。
rob, steal, deprive, plunder
这组词都有“偷，抢，夺”的意思，其区别是：
rob: 最常用词，指用暴力恐吓或哄骗等非法手段抢夺财物。
steal: 普通用词，指暗中行窃。
deprive: 多指夺去或扣留别人拥有或可能拥有的有价值或必需的东西，也可用于指抽象的事物。
plunder: 指大规模或大范围地掠夺。
vt. [法] 偷窃；剽窃；偷偷地做
 - scrump, pick pocket
n. [法] 偷窃；便宜货；偷垒
 - rip-off, cheapie

Word: waffle
Front: waffle
[ˈwɒfl] (宝 13320/22433 -1)
Vocabulary: waffle
(once / 5895 pages)
1n 2v
You might think of a waffle as a grid-patterned pancake-like food that's tasty with syrup, and you'd be right. But the word is also a verb that means to avoid making a definitive decision.
The verb waffle seems to have its origins in the 1690s as the word waff, "to yelp," possibly in imitation of the yelping of dogs. The word soon came to mean "to talk foolishly" and then eventually "to vacillate, to change." The food term waffle, as part of "waffle iron," appeared in 1794, a descendant of the Dutch word wafel, which comes from the same Germanic source as weave: it's easy to see the waffle pattern as similar to a woven fabric.
WORD FAMILY
waffle: waffled, waffler, waffles, waffling+/waffler: wafflers
USAGE EXAMPLES
“At first he promised to send back every illegal immigrant. Now he is waffling on that.”
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
Howard said they see a close parallel in the Eggo waffle shortage of 2009, which deprived consumers of the frozen breakfast food for several months.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
He ends, by way of an excuse, with a corny dollop of patriotic waffle, an inspiring speech clearly half-cribbed from some star-splattered disaster movie.
Slate(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 华夫饼; 无聊、含糊的话
vi. 胡扯
vt. 唠叨
时态：waffled, waffling, waffles
分布：华夫饼干(41%)，胡扯(30%)，闲聊(13%)，废话(10%)，无聊的话(6%)
→词源同weave,编织，引申义蜂窝，因这种饼干蜂窝状的外形而得名。waffle 胡扯，唠叨
【记】wa哇，ff，le乐：两个人在哇哇的乐，因为在胡扯
【反】speak unequivocally（清楚地说）
US ['wɑ:.fl] verb intransitive disapproving
■to talk or write a lot without giving any useful information or any clear answers 胡扯；含糊其词
• If you don't know the answer, it's no good just waffling (on) for pages and pages. 假如你不知道答案，一页接一页地乱写也没用。
UK ['wɒf.l] US ['wɑ:.fl] noun
CAKE 蛋糕
countable
■a thin light cake, the surface of which is formed into a pattern of raised squares, eaten especially in the US and Canada （尤指美国和加拿大的）蛋奶烘饼，松饼，窝夫
UK ['wɒf.l] US ['wɑ:.fl] noun
TALK 谈话
uncountable disapproving
■talk or writing that uses a lot of words but does not give any useful information 胡扯；含糊其词
• "What did he say?" "Oh, it was a load of waffle - nothing important at all." “他说了些甚么？”“噢，一堆废话──根本没甚么重要的。”
n. [食品] 华夫饼干；动听而无意义的话；无聊话
 - small change, wish-wash
vi. 胡扯；闲聊
 - chat about, make conversation

Word: comma
Front: comma
[ˈkɒmə] (高宝 18884/10368)
Vocabulary: comma
(once / 2772 pages)
1n 2n
A comma is a punctuation mark that indicates a pause in a sentence or separates items in a list. A comma is also used before the words "and" or "but" to join two independent clauses.
Commas come in handy when you're writing a grocery list: "Buy candy, chocolate milk, Pop Tarts, and gum." You can also use a comma to set off an adverb at the beginning of a sentence: "Therefore, I refuse to ride the roller coaster." The word comma has been around since the 1500s, and in Latin in means "short phrase," from the Greek komma, "clause in a sentence," or literally, "piece which is cut off."
WORD FAMILY
comma: commas
USAGE EXAMPLES
After lunch it was time for a nap, and the otters tucked close in a row, like a string of commas.
Seattle Times(Dec 16, 2016)
In Comma’s case, the strategy was an end run around the rulemakers.
Washington Post(Nov 30, 2016)
“They would be poured over, comma by comma,” Palmieri said.
Time(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 逗号
分布：逗号(95%)，停顿(3%)，间歇(1%)，银纹多角蛱蝶(1%)
→来自kop，砍，劈，进一步来自*skep, 砍，劈，词源同ship, shape. 原指劈开的一个分枝。
【记】com＝come来，ma妈：妈妈来了！别玩了，停顿一下！－逗号
US ['kɑ:.mə] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■the (,) punctuation mark that is used in writing to separate parts of a sentence showing a slight pause, or to separate the single things in a list 逗号（，）
n. [语] 逗号；停顿
 - standstill, paralysis

Word: perceptible
Front: perceptible
[pəˈseptəbl] (雅 18899/18662)
Vocabulary: perceptible
(once / 483 pages)
adj
Something perceptible is noticeable, even if just slightly. A perceptible noise can be heard.
You perceive through your senses, and things that are perceptible can be perceived; you can sense them. A flavor is perceptible if you can taste it. A sound is perceptible if you can hear it. The opposite of perceptible is imperceptible, for things that can't be noticed or detected. If you notice a sound, sight, or change, then it must be perceptible.
WORD FAMILY
perceptible: imperceptible, perceptibility, perceptibly+/ imperceptible: imperceptibility, imperceptibly /misperceive: misperceived, misperceives/perceivable: perceivably, unperceivable/ perceive: misperceive, perceivable, perceived, perceiveed, perceiver, perceives, perceiving, perceptible, perception, perceptive, percipient/ perceived: unperceived/perceiver: perceivers/perceiving: unperceiving/perceptibility: perceptibilities/ perception: perceptions/ perceptive: perceptively, perceptiveness, perceptivity, unperceptive/percipient: percipients/unperceivable: unperceivably/unperceiving: unperceivingly/unperceptive: unperceptively, unperceptiveness
USAGE EXAMPLES
This gratuitous publication will horrify many, inspire a few, and, by a small but perceptible increment, further desensitize the rest of us.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
But, in recent years, there’s been a perceptible move in pop culture towards elevating more women into these creator roles.
Salon(Dec 21, 2016)
The changes that the best movies wreak may not be perceptible in any reasoned public discourse close to the time of their release.
The New Yorker(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: adj. 可感觉[感受]到的，可理解的，可认识的
分布：可察觉的(53%)，看得见的(28%)，能感觉得到的(19%)
【记】per表面，cept拿，ible：表面能拿住－感觉到的
【参】concept（n 观念；概念）；precept（n 规则；格言）
【反】subliminal（adj 下意识的；难以觉察的）；appreciable（adj 可感知的）－imperceptible（adj 觉察不到的）
US [pɚ-] adjective
■that can be seen, heard or noticed 可察觉到的；可感知的
• There was a barely perceptible movement in his right arm. 他的右臂微微动了一下。
• The past year has seen a perceptible improvement in working standards. 去年，工作条件有了明显改善。
adj. 可察觉的；可感知的；看得见的
 - seen, visible

Word: goblin
Front: goblin
[ˈgɒblɪn] (18998/9434)
Back: n. 小妖精，丑妖精
分布：名词(100%)
→词源不详，可能来自cobalt，小妖精。
US ['gɑ:.blɪn] noun countable
■(in stories) a small, usually ugly, creature which is harmful to humans （故事中通常很丑陋且祸害人的）小妖精，小妖怪
⇒ See also hobgoblin
n. 小妖精；顽皮的丑小鬼
 - leprechaun

Word: internment
Front: internment
[ɪn'tɜ:nmənt] (18781/16963)
Vocabulary: internment
(once / 17180 pages)
n
Internment means putting a person in prison or other kind of detention, generally in wartime. During World War II, the American government put Japanese-Americans in internment camps, fearing they might be loyal to Japan.
Internment usually doesn’t involve a trial, so you're being held because someone thinks you might be dangerous, but there’s no proof. The internment of Japanese-Americans during World War II is now widely considered to have been a terrible mistake, in that the citizens who were detained — some for as long as four years — were not traitors, but loyal Americans, and their internment caused them considerable emotional and economic hardship. Internment comes from the Latin internus, “inward.”
WORD FAMILY
internment: internments+/ intern: interned, internee, interning, internist, internment, interns, internship /internee: internees/internist: internists/ internship: internships
USAGE EXAMPLES
How many internment camps would be needed today?
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
He signed the Civil Liberties Act to compensate more than 100,000 people of Japanese descent who were incarcerated in internment camps.
BBC(Dec 25, 2016)
The internment of Japanese people affects the daily lives of those still in the city.
Seattle Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 拘留
分布：拘禁(100%)
US [-'tɝ:n-] noun uncountable
■when someone is put in prison for political or military reasons, especially during a war （因政治或军事原因）拘留（尤指在战时）
• an internment camp 拘留营
n. 拘留；收容
 - detention, custody

Word: reassessment
Front: reassessment
[ˌri:ə'sesmənt] (18873/15436)
Vocabulary: reassessment
(once / 36821 pages)
n
To perform a reassessment of something is to evaluate it again, or reappraise it, especially if its value has changed or new information has altered your understanding of it.
Towns and cities that charge property taxes need to know how much buildings are worth, so they can charge an appropriate amount. But, since real estate is always changing, towns and cities occasionally perform what's called a "reassessment" to determine the current value of each building. And since it is easy to misspell, don't forget: reassessment has two sets of two s's.
WORD FAMILY
reassessment: reassessments+/ assess: assessable, assessed, assesses, assessing, assessment, assessor, reassess / assessment: assessments/ assessor: assessors/ reassess: reassessed, reassesses, reassessing, reassessment
USAGE EXAMPLES
And now that trend is amplified by other developments, including a reassessment of the whole issue brought on by the Selig vote in particular.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The updated red list also includes a reassessment of all bird species, bringing the number analysed to over 11,000.
The Guardian(Dec 08, 2016)
Healthcare, energy, banks and manufacturing are just some of the segments subject to policy shifts and investor reassessment.
Reuters(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 重新估计
分布：重新评估(100%)
N-VAR
重新考虑；再次决定；再次评价
If you make a reassessment of something, you think about it and decide whether you need to change your opinion about it.
例：...the moment when we make a reassessment of ourselves.我们重新审视自己的时刻
n. [经] 重新评估；重新估价；重新考虑
 - transvaluation, revaluation

Word: amphetamine
Front: amphetamine
[æmˈfetəmi:n] (18794/22463 -1)
Back: n. 安非他明，苯基丙（一种兴奋剂）胺
分布：名词(100%)
→全称alphamethylphenethylamine. alpha, A. methyl, 甲基。phen, 酚。ethyl, 乙基。amine, 氨。
US [-fetˌ-] noun countable or uncountable
■any of several types of drug used as a stimulant (= a substance which makes the mind or body more active) 苯丙胺，安非他命
• Floyd was banned from racing after a drug test revealed traces of amphetamine in his urine. 佛洛德因兴奋剂检测显示其尿液中含有微量安非他命成分而被禁赛。
n. 苯丙胺， [药] 安非他明（解除忧郁、疲劳的药）
 - Benzedrine

Word: dot-com
Front: dot-com
[ˌdɒtˈkɒm] None
Back: n. 网络公司
分布：商业组织或公司(100%)
N-COUNT
网络公司
A dot-com is a company that does all or most of its business on the Internet.
例：In 1999, dot-coms spent more than $1 billion on TV spots.1999年，网络公司在电视广告上投入了超过10亿美元。
例：...a dot-com company.网络公司

Word: Marxist
Front: Marxist
['mɑː(r)ksɪst] (研四六 10077/5201 -2)
Vocabulary: Marxist
(once / 3568 pages)
nadj
A Marxist is someone who strongly agrees with the political, economic, and philosophical ideas of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. If you're a Marxist, you're especially critical of capitalism.
Marxists are particularly concerned with the struggles of lower and middle class workers, with the conflict between social classes, and with economic inequality. The ultimate goal of a Marxist is revolution that results in a classless society with fair distribution of goods. Karl Marx was a German philosopher, but the word was first coined in French, marxiste, in the late 1800s.
WORD FAMILY
Marxist: Marxists+/ Marxism: Marxisms, Marxist
USAGE EXAMPLES
Berger was a lifelong Marxist, a vehement critic of capitalism.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
It is not a coincidence, as old Marxists used to say, that his proposed cuts to personal taxation would shower cash on the already wealthy.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
The U.S. sold Iran hundreds of missiles, secretly using the proceeds to fund Contra rebels fighting Nicaragua’s Marxist government.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 马克思主义者
adj. 马克思主义的
分布：马克思主义的(70%)，马克思主义者(30%)
a.马克思主义的n.马克思主义者He is a Marxist.他是一位马克思主义者.
ADJ
马克思主义的；与马克思主义有关的
Marxist means based on Marxism or relating to Marxism.
例：...a Marxist state.信奉马克思主义的国家
例：...Marxist ideology.马克思主义意识形态
N-COUNT
马克思主义者;马克思主义政党成员
A Marxist is a person who believes in Marxism or who is a member of a Marxist party.

Word: consummate
Front: consummate
[ˈkɒnsəmeɪt] (宝 14545/20284 -1)
Vocabulary: consummate
(once / 650 pages)
1adjv 2v
Consummate means complete, finished, or masterful. If you refer to someone as a consummate chef, then you are saying he is the ultimate chef. If you say someone is a consummate jerk, then you are saying he is the ultimate jerk.
Consummate can be used to describe something good or bad: consummate joy, a consummate liar. To consummate means to bring something to completion, but it often refers specifically to making a marriage complete by having sexual relations. The adjective is pronounced KÄN-sə-mit, but the verb is pronounced KÄN-sə-māt.
WORD FAMILY
consummate: consummated, consummately, consummates, consummating, consummation +/consummated: unconsummated/ consummation: consummations
USAGE EXAMPLES
They honor, with consummate skill, the scholastic discipline of canon and fugue.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
The company warned, however, that the agreement is nonbinding at this point and the deal may not be consummated.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
Not so with Carothers: Olson said friends invariably remember the 53-year-old father of five as a great friend and a consummate family man.
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: vt. 圆房; 使完成; 使完美
adj. 完美的; 至上的; 圆满的; 无比的
时态：consummated, consummating, consummates
分布：完美的(43%)，完成(19%)，圆满的(14%)，完全的(9%)，使达到极点(9%)，圆房(6%)
→con-, 强调。-sum, 圆满，高超，词源同super, -m, 最高级后缀，词源同sum, intimate, ultimate.consummate 圆房，圆满
完成a.完全的(con全部+summ+ate→全部总和→完全)[sum,summ=addup,表示"总,加"]
【记】cummate＝summit（n 顶点；最高阶层）
【参】consummation（n 圆满成功；完成）
【反】amateurish（adj 业余的）
US [ˈkɑːn-] formal
■perfect, or complete in every way 完美无缺的；圆满的
• a life of consummate happiness 美满的幸福生活
• He's a consummate athlete/gentleman/liar. 他是个极为出色的运动员／十足的绅士／十足的骗子。
verb transitive UK [ˈkɒn.sjʊ.meɪt] US [ˈkɑːn.sə-]
HAVE SEX 性交 legal
■to make a marriage or romantic relationship complete by having sex 圆房；（透过性交）使（婚姻或恋爱关系）完满
• The marriage was never consummated. 这是一段无性婚姻。
verb transitive UK [ˈkɒn.sjʊ.meɪt] US [ˈkɑːn.sə-]
COMPLETE 完全的 formal
■to make something complete or perfect 使圆满；使完美
adj. 至上的；完美的；圆满的
 - perfect, ideal, full
vt. 完成；作成；使达到极点
 - accomplish, carry out, achieve, perform, complete

Word: occult
Front: occult
[ ə'kʌlt] (宝 18836/16624 -1)
Vocabulary: occult
(once / 1553 pages)
1nadj 2vadj
Dark and mysterious, the occult is a kind of supernatural power or magic. If you see your neighbor chanting over a giant vat of bubbling brew in the middle of the night, there's a chance he's dabbling in the occult.
The word occult has its roots in the Latin occultus, meaning “hidden, secret.” That's why it can also be used as both a noun referring to black magic and an adjective meaning "difficult to see." Quipped the famous physicist Heinz Pagels, “I like to browse in occult bookshops if for no other reason than to refresh my commitment to science.”
WORD FAMILY
occult: occultation, occulted, occulter, occulting, occultism, occultly, occults+/occultation: occultations/occultism: occultist/occultist: occultists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Though it’s a foundational text of the occult Rosicrucian Order, “The Chemical Wedding” interests Crowley mostly as an account of “truly bizarre and surprising events.”
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Doctor Strange added mysticism and the occult to the storyline, further recharging the novelty of the series.
The Guardian(Dec 12, 2016)
The sensitivity of these performances is all the more remarkable considering the level of occult tumult around them.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: abbr. optical covert communications using laser transceiver 采用激光收发机的隐蔽光通信
时态：occulted, occulting, occults
分布：神秘的(42%)，神秘学(32%)，超自然的(21%)，不可思议的(5%)
→oc-,在上，表强调，-cul,隐藏，覆盖，词源同hole,cellar,hell.即隐藏的，覆盖的，引申词义神秘的，玄妙的。
奥秘的,神秘的(oc+cult教派→在教派内不让别人知道→奥秘的)[cult=till,表示"耕种,培养"]
【记】读：我kao他－这是一件不能公开的事情。
【反】bare（adj 赤裸的；露出的）；patent（adj 特许的；显著的）；fathomable（adj 看得透的）；manifest（adj 显然的）
US [ɑ:'kʌlt] adjective
■relating to magical powers and activities, such as those of witchcraft and astrology 有魔力的，神秘的；玄妙的
• She claims to have occult powers , given to her by some mysterious spirit. 她声称拥有某一神秘精灵赐予的神秘魔力。
UK ['ɒk.ʌlt/ UK [-'-] US [ɑ:'kʌlt] noun
the occult only singular
■the study of magic or mysterious powers 玄学，神秘学
adj. 神秘的；超自然的；难以理解的
 - mysterious, arcane
vt. 掩蔽
 - screen

Word: top-rated
Front: top-rated
[.tɒp 'reɪtɪd] None
Back: adj. 最受欢迎的，一流的
分布：形容词(100%)
ADJ
一流的;最受欢迎的
A top-rated show or service is the most successful or highly regarded of its kind.
例：...the top-rated American television series.最受欢迎的美国电视连续剧
例：…the company's top-rated hotel.该公司最顶级的宾馆
adj. 最受欢迎的；一流的
 - big-time, high-class

Word: long-held
Front: long-held
None None
Back: 长期持有
分布：一贯的(100%)

Word: ringer
Front: ringer
[ˈrɪŋə(r)] (18891/24675)
Vocabulary: ringer
(once / 7172 pages)
1n 2n 3n 4n
If you enter an amateur baking contest pretending to be self-taught when you're actually a French-trained pastry chef, you are a ringer. A ringer is a contestant who lies about his experience.
The idea of a ringer first developed in horse racing, where fast horses were sometime substituted, secretly, for slower ones — this was originally known as a "ring-in." It's thought to have come from the British term of the same name, which means "substitute or exchange." Ringers are occasionally used in many different sports and competitions, in an attempt to gain a sneaky kind of advantage.
WORD FAMILY
ringer: ringers+/ ring: rang, ringed, ringer, ringing, ringlike, rings/ringing: ringings
USAGE EXAMPLES
All of the children also were bell ringers.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
“I’ve learned that a lot of people are kind and generous in a cynical world,” the bell ringer says.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
"We are grateful to the ringers of Yorkshire for kindly providing such a wonderful festive welcome for worshippers to the cathedral tonight," she said.
BBC(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 套环，投环
分布：敲钟人(40%)，振铃器(20%)，套环(16%)，酷似的人(8%)，铁环(8%)，冒名顶替者(8%)
→来自 ring,响铃，敲铃，-er,人。字面意思即敲铃人，来自过去赛马时一种以好马充次马赢得 比赛的作弊手段。后引申该词义。
PHRASE
容貌酷似的人;长得一模一样的人
If you say that one person is a ringer or a dead ringer for another, you mean that they look exactly like each other.
N-COUNT
（教堂的）敲钟人;摇手铃的人
A bell ringer is someone who rings church bells or hand bells as a hobby.
n. 套环，投环；按铃者；敲钟者
 - lantern ring

Word: free-trade
Front: free-trade
None None
Back: 自由贸易
分布：自由贸易(100%)

Word: poncho
Front: poncho
[ˈpɒntʃəʊ] (宝 18895/36780)
Back: n. 斗篷
分布：斗篷(64%)，雨衣(36%)
→来自南美土著语pontho,羊毛织物，羊毛披风。
【记】读：胖瘦－无论胖瘦，下雨都要穿雨衣。
US ['pɑ:n.tʃoʊ] (plural ponchos)
noun countable
■a piece of clothing made of a single piece of material, with a hole in the middle through which you put your head （大块布料正中开领口的）斗篷
n. 雨披；南美披风
 - raincape

Word: amorous
Front: amorous
[ˈæmərəs] (18893/19261)
Vocabulary: amorous
(once / 1569 pages)
adj
If you are shot with a mythological arrow by Cupid, the Greek god of love, you may find yourself making amorous advances on the next person you meet. Amorous means having strong feelings of love, especially sexual love.
Amorous words or glances show love or sexual desire. This adjective is a Middle English word, borrowed from Middle French, from Medieval Latin amorosus, from Latin amor "love." A more literary and less common synonym is amatory.
WORD FAMILY
amorous: amorously, amorousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Would you rather be trapped in an elevator with an excessively amorous porcupine or have a Trump-Clinton rematch in four years?
Washington Post(Nov 23, 2016)
And in the song’s main conceit — an amorous escape from the workweek grind — there’s something comfortingly routine, almost lulling.
New York Times(Nov 18, 2016)
Named for their slender, dangling legs, crane flies live life in an amorous whirlwind.
National Geographic(Sep 12, 2016)
Back: adj. 色情的; 多情的; 爱情的; 热情的
分布：多情的(76%)，恋爱的(17%)，表示爱情的(7%)
→来自词根am, 爱。
【源】1）拉丁语amor爱，ous多－爱太多－好色的2）读：爱摸rose。爱摸玫瑰。玫瑰是爱情的象征，它作为爱的讯号被互相传递。爱摸玫瑰－爱摸爱情－好色的。3）读：爱摸热死－又爱又摸又热又死……好色的
【参】amour（n 奸情，恋情）
US [-ɚ.əs] adjective
■of or expressing sexual desire 表示性爱的；色情的
• The film centres around the amorous adventures/exploits of its handsome hero. 这部电影以英俊的男主角的艳遇为主线。
• Amanda had rejected his amorous advances. 阿曼达拒绝了他的求爱。
adj. 多情的；恋爱的；热情的；色情的
 - intense, romantic, warm, loved, hot

Word: spender
Front: spender
[ˈspendə(r)] (18898/20167 -1)
Back: n. 挥霍者; 挥金如土的人
分布：挥金如土的人(60%)，用钱的人(40%)
US [-dɚ] noun countable
■someone who spends money 花钱者，花费者
• Tourists are often big spenders (= they buy a lot of things). 游客往往花钱很大方。
n. 挥金如土的人；挥霍者；用钱的人
 - freewheeler, waster

Word: jetliner
Front: jetliner
[ˈdʒetlaɪnə(r)] (18866/-)
Back: n. 喷气客机
分布：大型喷气式客机(100%)
US [-nɚ] noun countable
■a large jet aircraft that can carry a lot of passengers 喷射客机

Word: muddle
Front: muddle
[ˈmʌdl] (托雅宝 18925/13753 -1)
Vocabulary: muddle
(once / 1920 pages)
vn
A muddle is something that's messy and confusing. If your bedroom looks like a hurricane just hit it, you might describe it as a muddle.
Oftentimes, we create the muddles in our lives, so it’s appropriate that muddle can be used as a verb meaning “to mix up” or “confuse.” Conveniently, though, the word muddle also describes a way out of difficult situations; to muddle through a troublesome task is to somehow figure it out, even if you don’t quite know what you’re doing. It has been suggested that muddle comes from an old Dutch word meaning “to make muddy.”
WORD FAMILY
muddle: muddled, muddles, muddling+/ muddled: muddleder
USAGE EXAMPLES
His responses to questions about the Ladejinsky muddle and ex-Senator Cain’s criticism of the security program were among other deleted matters.
Time(Dec 20, 2016)
In September, Louise Mensch fired off some incensed tweets that muddled up the two, much to the amusement of, well, everyone.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
At the core, there’s ostensibly a muddled message about the burdens of seeing the future and what to do with that information.
Seattle Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 糊涂，困惑; 混乱，杂乱
vt. 弄乱，弄糟; 使糊涂; 使微醉; 使咬字不清晰
vi. 对付; 混日子
时态：muddled, muddling, muddles
分布：混乱(46%)，糊涂(23%)，使混乱(11%)，弄糟(8%)，使糊涂(8%)，胡乱应付(4%)
→来自mud,泥浆，-le,表反复。引申词义搅混，使困惑，杂乱。
【记】源于：mud（n 泥浆）
【反】clarity（n 清楚；透明）
noun [S or U]
■an untidy or confused state 混乱状态；糟糕局面
• The documents were in a muddle. 档杂乱地堆在一起。
• Whenever I go abroad I get in a muddle about/over (= become confused about) the money. 我每次出国，总是把钱弄得乱糟糟的搞不清。
['mʌd.l] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  muddle along
■to continue doing something with no clear purpose or plan 混日子，得过且过
• Decide what you want in life - don't just muddle along. 订立明确的人生目标——不要混日子过活。
['mʌd.l] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  muddle through
■to manage to do something although you are not organized and do not know how to do it 胡乱应付过去
• I'm afraid I can't help you - you'll just have to muddle through on your own. 恐怕我帮不到你——你必须自己设法应付。
['mʌd.l] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] muddle sth up
■to arrange things in the wrong order 把…弄乱
• I've arranged the books alphabetically so don't muddle them up. 我已经把书按字母顺序排好了，不要弄乱。
['mʌd.l] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] muddle sb/sth up
■to think that a person or thing is someone or something else because they are very similar 混淆
• I often muddle up Richard with his brother. 我常常分不清理查和他哥哥。
• It's easy to muddle up some Spanish and Italian words. 一些西班牙语词汇和义大利语词汇很容易互相混淆。
vt. 混合；使咬字不清晰；使微醉
 - compound, mix together
n. 糊涂；困惑；混浊状态
 - confusion, perplexity

Word: normality
Front: normality
[nɔ:ˈmæləti] (18894/11462)
Vocabulary: normality
(once / 16059 pages)
1n 2n
When something happens that shakes up your life, you probably look forward to a return to normality, meaning the usual happenings of everyday life.
To correctly pronounce normality, accent the second syllable and rhyme it with gal: "nor-MAL-ity." When you look at normality, you notice the word normal, which describes something that meets common standards. The suffix -ity means "the state of being," so normality refers to a state that is normal, something that is just as expected. Normality and normalcy are synonyms, the later associated with President Warren G. Harding, who during a speech used normalcy instead of the more common normality.
WORD FAMILY
normality: normalities+/ abnormal: abnormalcy, abnormality, abnormally/abnormality: abnormalities/ normal: abnormal, normalcy, normalise, normality, normalize, normally, normals, subnormal, supernormal/ normalcy: normalcies/normalise: normalisation, normalised, normaliser, renormalise/ normalize: normalization, normalized, normalizer, normalizes, normalizing, renormalize/subnormal: subnormality, subnormally, subnormals/subnormality: subnormalities/supernormal: supernormally
USAGE EXAMPLES
Did you want to explore the idea of normality in this story?
The New Yorker(Jan 02, 2017)
“A lesson,” Leipzig coach Ralph Hasenhuettl called it, as a sense of normality returned to the top of the league.
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Purser is looking forward to returning to relative normality when she finishes work on current film Wish Upon.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. 常态; [化]当量浓度; 规度; 正态
分布：常态(100%)
→来自normal,正常的。
US [nɔ:r'mæl.ə.tˌi/ (US also normalcy)
noun uncountable
■the state of being normal 正常（状态），常态
• Now that the civil war is over, relative normality has returned to the south of the country. 由于内战已经结束，该国南部又恢复到相对正常的状态。
n. 常态； [化学] 当量浓度；规定浓度
 - normal concentration, equivalent concentration

Word: season
Front: season
[ˈsi:zn] (中高托雅 506/833 -K5)
Back: n. 季节，季; 时期; 活动期，时令; 暂时
vt. 使适应，使适用; 调味
vt. & vi. 使变干燥
时态：seasoned, seasoning, seasons
分布：季节(61%)，赛季(27%)，旺季(5%)，时期(3%)，风干(2%)，适应(1%)，给 ... 调味(1%)
→来自古法语 seson,播种季节，播种时间，来自拉丁语 satio,播种，过去分词名词格于 serere,
n.季,季节,时节The football season is from September to April.九月到四月是足球季节.
noun countable
 ESSENTIAL
■one of the four periods of the year; spring, summer, autumn or winter 季，季节
 ADVANCED
■the period of the year when something that happens every year happens （每年中某件事固定会发生的）时节，季
• How long does the dry/hurricane/monsoon season last? 旱／飓风／季风季要持续多久？
 ADVANCED
■the period of the year during which a particular sport is played 赛季
• The British football season begins in August and ends in May. 英国足球赛季始于八月，止于五月。
the holiday/summer/tourist, etc. season
■the period when most people take their holidays, go to visit places or take part in an activity outside work 度假旺季
• Air fares are more expensive during the holiday season. 机票在度假旺季比较贵。
■UK
■a period when a set of programmes, plays or musical events are broadcast or performed （一组节目、戏剧或音乐活动的）播出期，上演期；演出季
• There will be more documentaries and fewer quiz shows in the autumn season on TV. 秋季电视会播放更多的纪录片，益智问答节目会比较少。
• There's a season (USfestival)of 1960s French films at the Arts Cinema next month. 下个月在艺术戏院会举行20世纪60年代的法国影展。
in season
■If fruit and vegetables are in season, they are being produced in the area and are available and ready to eat （水果和蔬菜）当令的
• Fruit is cheaper when it's in season. 当令水果会便宜一些。
■at the time of year when many people want to travel or have a holiday 在旅游旺季
• Hotel rooms are more expensive in season. 在旅游旺季，旅馆的房间比较贵。
■A female animal that is in season is ready to have sex and able to become pregnant. （雌性动物）在发情期
■An animal that is in season can be hunted legally during a particular period of time. （动物）在狩猎期
out of season
■If fruit and vegetables are out of season, they do not grow in the area during that time （水果和蔬菜）不当令的
• In Britain, tomatoes are out of season in winter. 在英国，番茄在冬季不是当令蔬菜。
■during the period when fewer people want to travel or have a holiday 在旅游淡季
■during the period when it is not legal to hunt animals 在禁猎期
['si:.zən] noun countable
the season of goodwill
■the period around Christmas 圣诞前后
['si:.zən] verb transitive
FLAVOUR 味道
■to improve the flavour of savoury food by adding salt, herbs or spices when cooking or preparing it 给…调味，加调料于
• Drain the rice, stir in the salmon and season to taste (= so that it has the taste you like). 把米饭沥干，拌入鲑鱼，然后根据个人口味加入调料。
['si:.zən] verb transitive
WOOD 木头
■to make wood hard to make it ready for use, by drying it gradually 使（木头）风干
n. [天] 季节；时期
 - period, day, page
vt. 使适应；给…调味
 - adapt, condition, suit

Word: climactic
Front: climactic
[klaɪˈmæktɪk] (18918/23873)
Vocabulary: climactic
(once / 11487 pages)
adj
Something that is the highest or most exciting point is climactic. This adjective is used to describe a scene, event, or action. If you enjoy a good mystery, you probably love the climactic ending, when you find out whodunnit.
Climactic describes the grand finale or the top point of a series of events, and it comes from the word climax. The climactic scene in The Wizard of Oz is when Dorothy and friends face the Wicked Witch of the West, for example. When you finally reach the top of a mountain, you’re at the climactic point! Realizing that mountain’s just a landfill, well, that’s anticlimactic.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
climactic / climatic
Climactic describes the high point, the most intense part of a movie, play, song, or, well, anything. Climatic refers to the climate, like the climatic changes that turned Santa's workshop into a sauna for elves.
Climactic comes from climax, with the x changed to a ct. A climax is the top point of something, so something climactic describes that intense moment. Climactic isoften used in the negative, anticlimactic, like when there's a build-up to something that falls short. But let's be positive:
But I have seldom seen this climactic moment staged to such haunting effect. (New York Times)
Still, a viewer would have to be made of stone not to get worked up during the stirring climactic section. (Reuters)
The skies were shattered with a final climactic crash of thunder. (Virginia Brooks)
Take out the extra "c," and climatic refers to weather conditions. The word climatic gets thrown around a lot these days, with all the talk about global warming, like the climatic insanity that made it snow on Halloween. FYI: There's no such word as  "anticlimatic." Also, climatic changes come from the climate, not the soil:
Warmer and wetter have become cooler and drier, a wholesale change of climatic fortunes. (Bakersfield Now)
This will trigger unpredictable climatic disasters in many parts of the world. (Huffington Post)
Lee eased Louisiana's worst drought since 1902, according to the National Climatic Data Center. (Business Week)
To keep climatic and climactic straight, remember that a climactic moment could be the most intense act yet. Something climactic gives you a kick! But climatic is just air.
WORD FAMILY
climactic: climactically+/anticlimactic: anticlimactical, anticlimactically/ anticlimax: anticlimactic, anticlimaxes/ climax: anticlimax, climactic, climaxed, climaxes, climaxing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The results, she adds, make Paektu’s apparently weak climactic effect all the more mysterious.
Science Magazine(Nov 30, 2016)
Its climactic event is the revenge killing of a court official by the Asano clan’s forty-seven samurai of the title.
The New Yorker(Nov 23, 2016)
We know from reading our email that many Americans want Mrs. Clinton treated like Mel Gibson in the climactic scene of “Braveheart.”
Wall Street Journal(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 高潮的，形成高潮的
分布：高潮的(67%)，顶点的(33%)
【参】climax（n 高潮，顶点）
ADJ-GRADED
(故事或一系列事件中)最激动人心的，最精彩的
A climactic moment in a story or a series of events is one in which a very exciting or important event occurs.
例：...the film's climactic scene.电影的高潮场面
adj. 高潮的；顶点的；渐层法的
 - vertical

Word: panicky
Front: panicky
[ˈpænɪki] (18908/20303)
Back: adj. 恐慌的，由恐慌引起的; 易恐慌的; 人心惶惶
分布：恐慌的(83%)，易惊恐的(17%)
→来自panic,恐慌，惊慌，-y,形容词后缀。在字母c后接形容词后缀-y中间插入字母k.
['pæn.ɪ.ki] informal
adjective
■feeling worried or frightened 担心的，恐慌的
• a panicky feeling/expression/action 恐慌感／恐慌的表情／恐慌的动作
• Is he the panicky type? 他是那种遇事就慌的人吗？
adj. 恐慌的；惊慌失措的
 - confounded

Word: overrated
Front: overrated
[ˌəʊvəˈreɪtid] (18756/33219)
Back: v. 对（质量、能力等）估价过高( overrate的过去式和过去分词 )
分布：高估(79%)，评价过高(13%)，估价过高(8%)
US [ˌoʊ.vɚ'reɪ.tˌɪd/ UK ['--ˌ--] adjective
■If something or someone is overrated, they are considered to be better or more important than they really are. 被高估的；评价过高的
• In my opinion, she's a hugely overrated singer. 依我所见，她是位被大大吹捧过头的歌手。

Word: brewer
Front: brewer
[ˈbru:ə(r)] (16737/8263 -1)
Back: n. 啤酒制造者; 阴谋家
分布：啤酒酿造者(100%)
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■a person or company that makes beer 啤酒酿造者，啤酒酿造公司
n. 啤酒制造者；阴谋家
 - caballer, schemer

Word: adjudicate
Front: adjudicate
[əˈdʒu:dɪkeɪt] (宝 18877/20600)
Vocabulary: adjudicate
(once / 6287 pages)
v
To adjudicate is to act like a judge. A judge might adjudicate a case in court, and you may have to adjudicate in the local talent show.
Do you see a similarity between judge and adjudicate? When you add the common Latin prefix ad meaning "to" or "toward," you have a pretty good idea what the word means. But a judge isn't the only person who can adjudicate. If you're fighting with your little brother or sister and make them cry, your parents may adjudicate and send you to your room.
WORD FAMILY
adjudicate: adjudicated, adjudicates, adjudicating, adjudication, adjudicative, adjudicator, adjudicatory+/ adjudication: adjudications/adjudicator: adjudicators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Yet rather than issue a one-stroke penalty, they decided to adjudicate the situation after the round.
Golf Digest(Dec 18, 2016)
Additionally, we are requesting stringent oversight by Congress over the federal agencies involved in adjudicating criminal offenses that occur in the District.
Washington Post(Dec 07, 2016)
He says a suspect in that case was arrested and the case adjudicated.
Washington Times(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: vt. 判决，宣判; 当…的评判员（或裁判员、仲裁人）
n. 判决，宣判; 裁判员)
时态：adjudicated, adjudicating, adjudicates
分布：裁定(53%)，判决(38%)，充当裁判(9%)
→前缀ad-, 去，往。-ju同词根jur,法，正义，见jurist, 司法人员。词根dic,说。即按照法律办事的。
判决,裁决(ad一再+judic+ate→一再判断→裁判)[judg,judic=judge,表示"判断"]
【记】ad朝向，judic（to judge判断）－裁决
【参】judicious（adj 明智的）；prejudice（n 偏见）
verb intransitive or transitive
■to act as judge in a competition or argument, or to make a formal decision about something 担任裁判；判决，裁定，裁决
• He was asked to adjudicate on the dispute. 人们请他来对这场争端作出裁定。
• He was called in to adjudicate a local land dispute. 他被请来裁决一桩当地的土地纠纷。
• [+ two objects] The game was adjudicated a win for Black. 布莱克被裁定赢得比赛。
vi. 裁定；宣判
 - rule, pass sentence
vt. 裁定；宣判
 - pass sentence

Word: brand-name
Front: brand-name
['brænd,neim] None
Back: adj. 著名品牌的
分布：著名品牌的(100%)

Word: shunt
Front: shunt
[ʃʌnt] (宝 18929/14287 -1)
Vocabulary: shunt
(once / 6052 pages)
nv
A shunt is a small tube that goes inside the body to drain fluid. It also means to divert in a general way, like if you shunt the thought of tubes in your body, you think about rainbows and kittens instead.
Although shunt usually refers to a tube that drains blood or other fluid out of a part of the body, shunt also means to bypass. If a train is shunted, it’s diverted from the main track onto a side track. The word may have come from shun, as in “turn away,” which is what a shunt essentially does. It turns something away from where it was headed.
WORD FAMILY
shunt: shunted, shunter, shunting, shunts+/shunter: shunters
USAGE EXAMPLES
Courtrooms are so small that parents are shunted to the hall.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Shunted and scorned, the two little outcasts sweetly strike up a friendship at the campfire.
Seattle Times(Dec 19, 2016)
When they shunted Racing backwards in a scrum they won another penalty soon after.
BBC(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: v. 使转轨; 使分流; 转向一边; 避开
n. 转轨; 分流器
时态：shunted, shunting, shunts
分布：转轨(67%)，分流器(33%)
→可能来自 shot 或 shut 的鼻音形式，最终来自 skeud,投，扔，射，推，词源同 shoot,shot,shut.
【记】读：闪他－闪开他用转轨器
verb
TRAINS 火车
transitive
■to move a train or carriage onto a different track in or near a station using a special railway engine designed for this purpose 使（火车或车厢）转辙
[ʃʌnt] verb
MOVE 移动
transitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to move someone or something from one place to another, usually because they are not wanted and without considering any unpleasant effects 把…转至，调往（另一地方）
• I spent most of my childhood being shunted (about) between my parents who had divorced when I was five. 我五岁时父母离异，童年的大部分时间都辗转徘徊在离婚的父母之间。
• He shunts his kids off to a camp every summer. 他每年夏天都送孩子们去参加夏令营。
• Viewers are fed up with their favourite sitcoms being shunted to later times to make way for live football coverage. 因现场直播足球比赛而把深受观众喜爱的情景喜剧往后顺延，许多人对此表示不满。
vi. 转轨；转向一边；往返
 - to and from
n. 转轨； [电] 分流器
 - current divider, splitter

Word: girlish
Front: girlish
[ˈgɜ:lɪʃ] (18863/23631)
Back: adj. 女孩子（似）的，少女的
分布：少女的(90%)，女孩子气的(10%)
US ['gɝ:-] usually approving
adjective
■describes behaviour or characteristics that are typical of a girl 女孩子的，少女的；像女孩子的；适于女孩子的
• a girlish laugh 少女般的笑声
• His eyelashes were long and girlish. 他的眼睫毛很长，就像女孩子的睫毛一样。
adj. 少女的；适于女子的；少女似的
 - nymphean, maidish

Word: deciduous
Front: deciduous
[dɪˈsɪdʒuəs] (托宝 18846/22493)
Vocabulary: deciduous
(once / 8968 pages)
adj
Hemlock, blue spruce, and white pine are all evergreens. These trees have leaves throughout the year. Oak, maple, and elm are examples of deciduous trees. They lose their foliage in the fall and grow new leaves in the spring.
Trees, shrubs, and herbaceous perennials that shed their leaves for part of the year are categorized by botanists as deciduous. In temperate and polar regions, these plants are generally bare during the cold of winter. In other parts of the world, deciduous plants lose their leaves during the dry part of the year. The word deciduous can also be used to describe parts of the body, such as a deer's antlers or human baby teeth, that are cast off seasonally or at a particular period of development.
WORD FAMILY
deciduous: deciduously
USAGE EXAMPLES
SAT Walk to explore mosses and lichens of the park, deciduous and evergreen trees, wildlife preparations for winter, 10 a.m.
Seattle Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Not breathtaking, but calm and orderly, its hills flecked with tall deciduous trees and clapboard houses, its harbor ringed with low-slung, rocky islands.
New York Times(Nov 17, 2016)
They burn through the night, through the now-desiccated tinder of deciduous forests accustomed to wet, humid summers and autumns.
Seattle Times(Nov 16, 2016)
Back: adj. （指树木）每年落叶的
分布：每年落叶的(64%)，非永久性的(26%)，蚂蚁交合后脱落翅膀(10%)
→de-, 向下。-cid, 掉落，词源同case, accident. 即掉落的。
【记】de向下，cid落下－落叶的；脱落的decid＝decide（v 决定），uous多：决定做的太多了（比如：秃子齐达内每次传球都是一次决定）－（头发）脱落的
[dɪ'sɪd.ju.əs] specialized
adjective
■A deciduous tree loses its leaves in autumn and grows new ones in the spring. （树木）落叶的 Compare evergreen
adj. [植] 落叶性的，脱落性的；非永久性的
 - semipermanent

Word: nefarious
Front: nefarious
[nɪˈfeəriəs] (宝 18942/33515)
Vocabulary: nefarious
(once / 5189 pages)
adj
Describe a person's actions as nefarious if they are evil or wicked. Batman and Superman are always fighting evildoers and stopping their nefarious plots.
Nefarious comes from the Latin nefas "crime, impiety." If something is nefarious, it is criminal, evil, malicious and wicked. Thinking of superheroes can help you remember the meaning of the word, but it is often used in much less exciting circumstances. News reporters investigate corrupt politicians in order to uncover the nefarious activities. And, if you don't pay for your downloaded music, you have gotten it by nefarious means.
WORD FAMILY
nefarious: nefariously, nefariousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
“They see an opportunity to commit nefarious activity.”
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Many nefarious individuals and groups, such as poachers, corrupt government officials and organized crime syndicates, benefit from these illegal sales.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Others detected a more nefarious strategy at work in Putin’s gambit.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 极坏的，恶毒的
分布：邪恶的(86%)，违法的(14%)
→来自拉丁语nefas,罪行，邪恶，不虔诚，ne-,无，没有，fas,公理，正义，神权，词源同fate.引申词义罪恶的，邪恶的。
【记】源于：far远一nefarious的人要离得far
【反】above reproach（无可责备的）；virtuous（adj 善良的）；exemplary（adj 模范的）
US [-'fer.i-] formal
adjective
■(especially of activities) evil or immoral （尤指活动）邪恶的，不道德的
• The director of the company seems to have been involved in some nefarious practices/ activities. 公司主管看来曾牵涉一些不法勾当。
adj. 邪恶的；穷凶极恶的；不法的
 - evil, ill, black, ugly, wicked

Word: iguana
Front: iguana
[ɪˈgwɑ:nə] (18852/36844)
Vocabulary: iguana
(once / 12932 pages)
n
An iguana is a big lizard with distinctive spines running down its back. If you keep an iguana as a pet, you'll want to feed it a lot of fresh vegetables.
Iguanas look a little intimidating, since they grow as large as six feet long to the tip of the tail and have a head that resembles a dinosaur. While pet iguanas can sometimes be somewhat aggressive, they can be tamed with enough handling. The word iguana is Spanish, and it comes from a West Indies language, Arawak, and its word for this particular kind of lizard, iwana.
WORD FAMILY
iguana: iguanas
USAGE EXAMPLES
Although we were there to film predation, we were all rooting for the iguanas.
The Guardian(Dec 11, 2016)
Crews were able to save two of the family’s iguanas, but were unable to rescue the two cats.
Washington Times(Nov 29, 2016)
It might only be memorable for star Nicolas Cage’s peculiar relationship with iguanas.
The Guardian(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: n. 鬣鳞蜥（产于中美洲和南美洲）
分布：名词(100%)
→来自西班牙语，最终来自中南美洲土著语。
noun countable
■a large greyish green lizard of tropical America 鬣蜥（产于美洲热带地区的灰绿色大蜥蜴）

Word: undeterred
Front: undeterred
[ˌʌndɪˈtɜ:d] (18940/18820)
Back: adj. 未被吓住的
分布：未受阻的(75%)，未受挫折的(25%)
adj. 未受阻的；未被吓住的
 - unimpeded

Word: Sabine
Front: Sabine
['seɪbaɪn] (18768/9412)
Back: n. 萨宾人；萨宾语；色宾河（美国得克萨斯州东部河流）
adj. 萨宾人的；萨宾语的
分布：赛宾(100%)

Word: docile
Front: docile
[ˈdəʊsaɪl] (托宝 18932/18465 -1)
Vocabulary: docile
(once / 1452 pages)
adj
If someone is docile, he is easily taught or handled. If you suddenly became a trouble-maker in class, your teachers would long for the days when you were sweet and docile.
Docile comes from Latin root for teaching, docere, so someone docile is easy to teach. A docile student is willing to be taught. A docile animal is easy to handle. If you behave well and do what people tell you to do, you're a docile person. Docile might be a word of praise, but it can also be a criticism of someone for being overly submissive. Some synonyms are amenable and compliant.
WORD FAMILY
docile: docilely, docility, docily, indocile+/docility: docilities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Instead of being sweet and docile, she was snappish and didn’t apologize for it.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The endings were familiar, with the docile tones and search for reasoning.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
England worked hard on a docile pitch but are set to be under pressure for the rest of the match.
BBC(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: adj. 温顺的; 驯服的; 易驾驭的; 驯化
分布：温顺的(91%)，容易控制的(9%)
→来自词根doc, 教，教导，词源同doctor.引申词义可教导的，可驯服的。
可教的;温顺的(doc+ile能...的→能教的)[doc,doct=toteach,表示"教"]
【记】doc，Word文档格式，教，ile能－容易教的读：都赛哦－所有的赛马都参加比赛－驯服的
【反】intransigent（adj 非妥协性的）
US ['dɑ:.səl] adjective
■quiet and easy to influence, persuade or control 温和的；温顺的，驯服的；易控制的
• The once docile population has finally risen up against the ruthless regime. 曾经的驯顺良民终于起来反抗冷酷无情的政府。
adj. 温顺的，驯服的；容易教的
 - quiet, meek

Word: dumbfound
Front: dumbfound
[dʌmˈfaʊnd] (宝 18911/22728)
Vocabulary: dumbfound
(once / 7116 pages)
v
The verb dumbfound means to puzzle, mystify, or amaze. If people never expected you to amount to much in high school, but you grew up to be a rocket scientist, you will surely dumbfound your former classmates at your next reunion.
The word dumbfound is a combination of the words dumb and confound. Dumb, in the original sense, means unable to speak. Confound is from the Latin word confundere, which means to mix together as well as to confuse. Thus the blended word dumbfound has the sense of to confuse to the point of speechlessness. If you see a solar eclipse for the first time, it might dumbfound you.
WORD FAMILY
dumbfound: dumbfounded, dumbfounding, dumbfounds+/ dumbfounded: dumbfoundedest, dumbfoundedly/dumbfounding: dumbfoundingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
After an initial encounter with Norton, one dumbfounded female character says to another, “She’s terrifying.”
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
And the French were dumbfounded by his decision to confide state secrets to two journalists, who published them in a recent book.
Economist(Dec 02, 2016)
She heard a lullaby by the composer Richard Strauss, she says, and she was dumbfounded.
Washington Post(Nov 18, 2016)
Back: v. 使人哑然失声，使发楞
时态：dumbfounded, dumbfounding, dumbfounds
分布：=dumfound(34%)，使 ... 发愣(33%)，使 ... 惊呆(33%)
【记】dumb（adj 哑的；不说话的）
【参】dummy（n 哑巴；傀儡；假人adj 虚构的）不会说话的人
VERB
(使)惊呆;(使)目瞪口呆
If someone or something dumbfounds you, they surprise you very much.
例：This suggestion dumbfounded Joe.这项建议使乔目瞪口呆。
vt. 使惊呆；使人惊愕失声
 - stupefy

Word: faltering
Front: faltering
['fɔ:ltərɪŋ] (18927/19760)
Vocabulary: faltering
(once / 1321 pages)
nadj
Faltering is the action of hesitating or losing strength. A game show contestant's faltering might cause her opponent to win.
Use faltering as a noun to mean the act of wavering or pausing uncertainly, or as an adjective: "My faltering answer did not impress the history professor." Faltering progress on your neighbor's house addition might make you wonder if it'll ever be finished, and a faltering career is one that's not improving or earning more money. The verb falter comes either from a Scandinavian root, or possibly the Middle English falden, "to fold."
WORD FAMILY
faltering: falteringly, falterings, unfaltering +/ falter: faltered, faltering, falters/ unfaltering: unfalteringly
USAGE EXAMPLES
THE late 1970s were marked by high oil prices and faltering Western economies.
Economist(Dec 20, 2016)
Global container shipping is suffering its worst downturn caused by a faltering global economy and too many ships.
Reuters(Dec 20, 2016)
Economists trying to explain the puzzle of faltering growth might begin with that estimate.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 犹豫的，支吾的，蹒跚的
v. （嗓音）颤抖( falter的现在分词 ); 支吾其词; 蹒跚; 摇晃
分布：蹒跚的(55%)，犹豫的(35%)，动词falter的现在分词形式.(10%)
ADJ
(尝试、努力或行动)犹疑的，彷徨的，踉跄的
A faltering attempt, effort, or movement is uncertain because the person doing it is nervous or weak, or does not really know what to do.
例：'Now I feel I can do it,' he said in faltering English...“现在我觉得我能做了。”他用结结巴巴巴的英语说道。
例：Leaning on Jon, Michael took faltering steps to the bathroom.迈克尔倚着乔恩，踉踉跄跄地走到浴室。
adj. 蹒跚的；犹豫的；支吾的
 - doddery, staggery
v. 支吾地说，蹒跚地走（falter的现在分词）
 - lobbing

Word: bookkeeping
Front: bookkeeping
['bʊkki:pɪŋ] (18935/26899)
Vocabulary: bookkeeping
(once / 6900 pages)
n
Bookkeeping is keeping track of a business's financial transactions. Most bookkeeping these days happens on computers rather than in actual books.
The activity of keeping your own financial records and the job of doing the same thing for a company are both considered bookkeeping. Some people teach themselves basic bookkeeping and others hire experts to do it for them. The word bookkeeping comes from the sense of book that means "record" or "written document," and it has the distinction of being one of very few words in English with three consecutive double letters.
WORD FAMILY
bookkeeping
USAGE EXAMPLES
His father, a veterinarian who does his own accounting, even offered to help Kevin with the bookkeeping.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
The Bears own the worst 15-game record in franchise bookkeeping.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Logan County prosecutors began investigating the former Sterling Fire Department chief when city officials contacted them about bookkeeping irregularities and missing firefighting equipment.
Washington Times(Nov 22, 2016)
Back: n. 记账，簿记，管账
分布：簿记(55%)，记账(45%)
noun uncountable
■the job or activity of keeping an exact record of the money that has been spent or received by a business or other organization 记帐，簿记，登录账目
n. 记帐， [会计] 簿记
 - charge account, billing

Word: despondent
Front: despondent
[dɪˈspɒndənt] (宝 18930/18735)
Vocabulary: despondent
(once / 2628 pages)
adj
If you are despondent, you are discouraged, very sad, and without hope. If you are depressed, you might describe your mood as despondent.
This adjective is often followed by over or about: He was despondent over the loss of his job. If you want a noun, use the words despondency or despondence. The adjective despondent is from Latin despondens, from despondere "to lose courage, give up," from the prefix de- "from" plus spondere "to promise." The Latin words originally referred to promising a woman in marriage.
WORD FAMILY
despondent: despondently+/ despond: desponded, despondence, despondency, despondent, desponding, desponds/despondence: despondences/ despondency: despondencies
USAGE EXAMPLES
But as they settled in a new country, he struggled to find work and grew despondent.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Or was she despondent and ready to commit suicide?
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Yes, he was despondent on the bench and contrite in the locker room.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 沮丧的，泄气的; 嗒然; 抑郁; 意志消沉
分布：沮丧的(62%)，失望的(30%)，没有精神的(8%)
→de-, 向下，离开。-spond, 承诺，词源同spouse, respond. 原义为承诺离开，放弃，引申词义沮丧的。比较abjure, forswear.
失望的(despond丧气+ent)[Spond,spons=promise,表示"承诺"]
【记】de反，spond允诺－没有得到允诺－沮丧的de坏，spond＝spend：把钱花在坏的方面，一般时特别沮丧才会干的
【参】respond（v 响应；反应）；responsible（adj 有责任的）
【反】elated（adj 兴高采烈的）；sanguine（adj 满怀希望的）
US [-'spɑ:n-] adjective
■unhappy and with no hope or enthusiasm because you feel you are in a difficult situation 郁闷的，沮丧的，消沉的
• He became/grew increasingly despondent when she failed to return his phone calls. 她没给他回电话，让他感到越来越沮丧。
• She started to feel despondent about ever finding a job. 她开始对找到工作感到气馁了。
adj. 沮丧的；失望的
 - disappointed, blue, depressed

Word: awed
Front: awed
[ɔ:d] (18903/23490)
Vocabulary: awed
(once / 1364 pages)
adj
When you're awed by something, you're amazed and maybe a little bit intimidated by it. The first time kids see a fireworks display, they're often awed by it.
The first time you visit a big city, you might wander around looking up at the skyscrapers with an awed expression on your face. When you're awed, you're full of wonder that's tinged with fear or confusion. It's generally big, impressive things that leave you awed. A new father holding his baby might be awed, for example. Awed comes from awe, "amazement," which has a Scandinavian root and is related to the Old Norse word agi, or "fright."
WORD FAMILY
awed: awedest, awedly, unawed+/ awe: awed, aweless, awes, awesome, awing, awless, overawe/aweless: awelessly/ awesome: awesomely/overawe: overawed, overawes, overawing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Hurts’s physical ability awed him, but he also believes Alabama’s coaches put him in position to succeed with simple throws.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
My family sat in the car in awed silence.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
They are awed and perplexed by what they see.
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 充满敬畏的，表示敬畏的
v. 使敬畏，使惊惧( awe的过去式和过去分词 )
分布：敬畏的(85%)，动词awe的过去式和过去分词.(15%)
N-UNCOUNT
惊叹；敬畏；畏怯
Awe is the feeling of respect and amazement that you have when you are faced with something wonderful and often rather frightening.
例：She gazed in awe at the great stones...她惊叹地盯着那些巨石。
例：His fellow officers regarded him with awe as some sort of genius...同事们很敬畏他，视他如天才。
VERB
使惊叹；使敬畏；使畏怯
If you are awed by someone or something, they make you feel respectful and amazed, though often rather frightened.
例：I am still awed by David's courage...戴维的勇敢依然让我敬佩。
例：The crowd listened in awed silence.充满敬畏的人群安静地聆听。
PHRASE
对…无比崇敬;对…敬畏
If you are in awe of someone or if you stand in awe of them, you have a lot of respect for them and are slightly afraid of them.
例：Caroline hardly dared talk in Alex's presence, she was so in awe of him.卡罗琳在亚历克斯面前几乎不敢说话，她对他很是敬畏。
adj. 充满敬畏的，畏怯的
 - awe-struck

Word: vendetta
Front: vendetta
[venˈdetə] (宝 18933/19643 -1)
Vocabulary: vendetta
(once / 8685 pages)
n
A vendetta is blood feud, a quest for revenge. A vendetta might separate families for generations, with members of one family murdering those of the other, all to satisfy an ancient grudge.
If a friend of yours breaks into your locker and fills it with crumpled up newspaper, you will not be able to hold your head up until you have carried out a vendetta. Perhaps you can tie his shoes together during French class without his noticing?
WORD FAMILY
vendetta: vendettas
USAGE EXAMPLES
“For me it’s just sort of like a personal thing. Not a vendetta.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Worse still, this whole piece now looks like a weird vendetta against Gillian Anderson, who is wonderful.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Below its blustering military surface, the opera explores dark themes like vendettas and subterfuged desire.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 家族世仇; 族间仇杀
分布：仇杀(78%)，相互复仇(22%)
→来自意大利语vendetta,仇怨，血仇，来自拉丁语vindicta,报仇，复仇，字母c脱落，词源同vindictive,vengeful.
【记】源于：vindictive（adj 报复性的）v表示胜利，end结束，etta：总会有一方以胜利结束－血仇
【参】vengeance（n 复仇）；revenge（n 报仇）
US [-'de-] noun countable
■a long and violent argument between people or families in which one group tries to harm the other in order to punish them for things that have happened in the past 世仇；族间血仇；宿怨
• He saw himself as the victim of a personal vendetta being waged by his political enemies. 他觉得自己成了政敌挑起的个人积怨的牺牲品。
n. （尤指族间或血亲间的）仇杀；深仇
 - rancour

Word: glassware
Front: glassware
[ˈglɑ:sweə(r)] (托 18913/22201)
Back: n. 玻璃器具类
分布：玻璃制品(100%)
US ['glæs.wer] noun uncountable
■drinking glasses or other objects made of glass 玻璃杯；玻璃器皿；玻璃制品
• a display/collection of ornamental glassware 玻璃饰品展／一批玻璃饰物藏品

Word: kitsch
Front: kitsch
[kɪtʃ] (18915/23390 -1)
Vocabulary: kitsch
(once / 22906 pages)
n
Kitsch is art that's garish, nostalgic, and very low-brow. Some people who love the aesthetics of souvenir culture think kitsch is really cool, while others think it's in very poor taste.
Kitsch is a German word that's been adopted into English, meaning "worthless, trashy art," or the quality of that art. A ceramic figurine of a puppy with sad eyes is pretty kitsch, as is a velvet Elvis painting. Of course some people think that kitsch is really beautiful and fill their homes with stuff that other people consider trashy souvenirs. If your painting teacher tells you your portraits are kitsch, that's probably not a compliment.
WORD FAMILY
kitsch
USAGE EXAMPLES
‘Strive to be outstanding sons and daughters of China, oppose kitsch Western holidays.’
Wall Street Journal(Dec 23, 2016)
It’s easy to become cynical about our annual onslaught of Christmas kitsch, to resent the way seasonal sentimentality is used as a sales tactic.
Slate(Dec 23, 2016)
In another he denounces the trend, seen in some Manhattan restaurants and bars, toward decorating with Soviet-era kitsch, including images of Stalin.
New York Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 粗劣的作品; 俗气的艺术、设计等; 迎合低级趣味的作品
分布：庸俗的(39%)，俗气(38%)，庸俗艺术(23%)
→来自德语kitsch,花里胡哨，垃圾，来自kitschen,涂抹，涂鸦。引申词义庸俗的艺术作品，含有比较强烈的蔑视。
noun uncountable
■art, decorative objects or design considered by many people to be ugly, without style, or false but enjoyed by other people, often because they are funny 俗气的装饰品；庸俗的艺术品
• His home's full of 1950's kitsch. 他家里满是20世纪50年代庸俗的艺术品。

Word: synopsis
Front: synopsis
[sɪˈnɒpsɪs] (托宝 18889/20780 -1)
Vocabulary: synopsis
(once / 6202 pages)
n
Synopsis is a noun meaning summary. Instead of reciting every line of the Shakespeare play you were assigned to read over the weekend, it might be more helpful for your classmates if you give them a synopsis of what happened.
The ancient Greek word synopsis means “general view.” Synonyms include abridgment, as in a shortened version of a book, and brief, which is a legal word, and sketch, which is a quick outline of a story. Other synonyms include abstract, compendium, digest (the noun form), and conspectus.
WORD FAMILY
synopsis: synopses
USAGE EXAMPLES
All of which will make some people wary of the movie, and a synopsis of the plot does sound like a parody of a downer.
The New Yorker(Nov 18, 2016)
Because “Arrival” is so carefully constructed as a continually unfolding series of “reveals,” the less synopsis the better.
Washington Post(Nov 09, 2016)
We just had to send a synopsis of what the film would be, and the main players, schedules, run times.
The Verge(Oct 20, 2016)
Back: n. 摘要，梗概; 大纲
分布：摘要(50%)，概要(50%)
→syn-,一起，-op,看，词源同 optical,biopsy,-sis,表状态。
摘要,概要(syn+ops选择+is→共同选出→摘要)[sym-,syn-表示"共同,相同"]
概要(syn共+ops[=opt看]+is→共同看→放在一起看→概要)[opt,opto=sight,表示"视力"]
【记】syn＝same，opsis看－看同样简要的部分－摘要
【参】syntax（n 句法：研究词或句子成分如何联合成合乎语法句子的学科）
【反】protraction（n 伸长；延长）
US [-'nɑ:p-] (plural synopses)
noun countable
■a short description of the contents of something such as a film or book （电影、书籍等的）概要，梗概，提要
n. 概要，大纲
 - program, brief

Word: joystick
Front: joystick
[ˈdʒɔɪstɪk] (18860/27336)
Vocabulary: joystick
(once / 58224 pages)
n
A joystick is a handle-like device that you use to control your character in a video game. If you want your character to move left, you generally move the joystick to the left.
Originally, a joystick was the control an airplane pilot uses to adjust the movements of the plane — by moving the joystick back and forth, the pilot adjusts the roll, and moving it up and down controls the pitch of the plane's nose. Joystick was aviators' slang for this lever, and the makers of the earliest video games, in the 1970s, adopted the word for their similarly-shaped control.
WORD FAMILY
joystick: joysticks
USAGE EXAMPLES
Hovering above him, another object responds to the commands Zahnd issues with his hi-tech joystick.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
The user holds the joystick in one hand and inserts their thumb into the unattached ring.
Reuters(Dec 06, 2016)
I side with the Luddites here: Electric joystick selectors can be unwieldy.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 操纵杆
分布：控制杆(66%)，游戏杆(34%)
→joy,欢乐，stick,杆，棍。比喻用法。
noun countable
■a vertical handle which can be moved forwards, backwards and sideways to control the direction or height of an aircraft or to control a machine or computer game 操纵杆，驾驶杆
n. [航] 操纵杆， [机] 控制杆
 - operating lever, operating handle

Word: heft
Front: heft
[heft] (16811/36581)
Vocabulary: heft
(once / 2282 pages)
nv
Heft is the bulk or weight of a person or thing. You might shift the heft of that huge bag of dog food you just bought over to your left arm while you use your right hand to open the door.
The heft of your big suitcase might make you question the wisdom of packing so many books. You can use heft as a verb, too — you could move the books into your backpack and then heft it back onto your shoulder. Heft comes from the verb heave, "lift with effort," modeled on verb/noun combinations like "thieve" and "theft" or "weave" and "weft."
WORD FAMILY
heft: hefted, hefting, hefts, hefty +/ hefty: heftier, heftiest, heftily, heftiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
In Benedict Cumberbatch’s capable hands, the magical man of mystery transcends his comic-book roots and becomes a character with plenty of genuine dramatic heft.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
And it wasn’t treated with sufficient heft by the media, especially cable television.
Time(Dec 19, 2016)
The Nobel Prize, for all its momentous heft will never outweigh Dylan’s true accomplishment.
Time(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: n. 重量，体积
vt. 举…以掂重量; 举起
时态：hefted, hefting, hefts
分布：分量(37%)，重量(22%)，重要性(21%)，举起(10%)，举起试重量(10%)
→来自heave的古过去分词，后词性由形容词变为做名词。
verb transitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to lift, hold or carry something heavy using your hands 举起；抬起；抱起
• I watched him heft the heavy sack onto his shoulder. 我看着他把那个沉重的袋子扛到肩上。
n. 重量；重要性
 - weight, significance, stress, consequence, ponderance
vt. 举起；举起试重量
 - lift up, hold up

Word: public-relations

Word: apologist
Front: apologist
[əˈpɒlədʒɪst] (18916/22843)
Vocabulary: apologist
(once / 4854 pages)
n
An apologist is a person who argues in favor of something unpopular. If you're an apologist for deep sea oil drilling, you would argue that drilling in the ocean is necessary and the benefits make up for any environmental damage.
Apologists tend to be seen in a negative light, as defensive people who make excuses. The word apologist comes from the Greek word apologia, meaning "speaking in defense." Not all apologists are bad news; some just defend an unpopular idea. Even though apologist is similar to apology, don't confuse them — if you make an apology you're admitting to being wrong. But if you're an apologist, you justify your belief or action, and would do it all again!
WORD FAMILY
apologist: apologists+/ apologetic: apologetically, unapologetic / apologise: apologised, apologises, apologising/ apologize: apologized, apologizes, apologizing/ apology: apologetic, apologies, apologise, apologist, apologize / unapologetic: unapologetically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Hamilton was no apologist for Jefferson, whose politics were “tinctured with fanaticism,” and who was “a contemptible hypocrite.”
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
It’s a track record that the Trump team of fossil fuel apologists should heed.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The anti-authority cultural changes of the 1960s, it seems, brought with them a rising concern with elites and their apologists.
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 辩解者，辩护士; 护教论者
分布：辩护者(100%)
→见apology.
【记】源于apologize vi 道歉，辩解
【反】critic（n 批评家，吹毛求疵者）；detractor（n 诽谤者）
US [-'pɑ:.lə-] formal
noun countable
■a person who supports a particular belief or political system, especially an unpopular one, and speaks or writes in defence of it （尤指不受欢迎的政治信仰或制度的）辩护者，辩解者
• communism and its apologists 共产主义及其辩护者
• There are few apologists for the old system. 很少有人为旧制度辩护。
n. 辩护者；护教论者；辨惑学专家（等于apologete）
 - defender, justifier

Word: core
Front: core
[kɔ:(r)] (研四六托宝 1954/2380 -K3)
Vocabulary: core
(once / 791 pages)
1nv 2n 3n 4n
If you're looking for the most essential part or the very center of something, you're looking for its core. Like the inedible middle of an apple or your inner circle of core friends.
In the late 14th century, the noun core came about from the Old French coeur, meaning “core of fruit” and more literally, “heart.” So the core of something is its very heart, whether you're talking about the seed-containing center of a fruit, the central meaning of a book, or the core courses you need to take in order to graduate.
WORD FAMILY
core: cored, cores, coring
USAGE EXAMPLES
Another Apple hallmark — elegant design — is also a core value.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
At the core of every habit is a neurological loop with three parts: A cue, a routine and a reward.
New York Times(Oct 18, 2016)
He, too, offered a stay in his home … This level of generosity shocked me to my core.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 中心，核心，精髓; 果心，果核; [地质学]地核; [计] 磁心
vt. 去（果）核，挖去…的果心; 提取岩芯（样品）
时态：cored, coring, cores
分布：核心(92%)，果心(5%)，要点(2%)，挖去果核(1%)
→来自词源cord, 心，词源同heart, courage.
n.果核;中心,核心The boring boy bored ashore for ore core at the score.讨厌的男孩在海岸上的刻线处钻探矿核.
US [kɔ:r] noun
IMPORTANT PART 重要部分
 IMPROVER [S or U]
■the basic and most important part of something 核心，关键，最重要的部分
• The basic lack of government funding is at the core of the problem. 缺乏基本的政府拨款是问题的关键所在。
core value/belief/issue, etc.
■a value, belief, etc. which is basic and more important than any other 核心价值／信仰／问题等
• The final status negotiations would focus on the core issues of the peace process. 最终地位的谈判会把重心放在和平进程这一核心问题上。
core business/operations/activities
■the most important or largest part of a company's business activities, which it depends on in order to continue trading 核心业务
• The company's core operations include entertainment and aviation. 公司的核心业务包括娱乐和航空。
core curriculum/subjects/courses
■the most important parts of a course of study, that all students must do 基础课程
UK [kɔ:r] US [kɔ:r] noun
CENTRE 中心
countable
■the hard central part of some fruits, such as apples, which contains the seeds （水果的）核，心
• Don't throw your apple core on the floor! 别把苹果核扔到地板上！
core muscles
■the muscles in the lower part of your body 下肢肌肉
• Pilates is good for strengthening the core muscles. 皮拉提斯对锻炼下肢肌肉很有好处。
countable
■the centre of a planet （星球的）核心，中心
• The Earth's core is a hot, molten mix of iron and nickel. 地核是滚烫的铁镍熔融混合物。
countable specialized
■The core of a nuclear reactor (= a device in which atoms are changed to produce energy) is the place where fission (= splitting of atoms) happens. （核反应炉的）堆芯，活性区
countable specialized
■a long thin cylindrical mass of material taken out of the Earth for study 岩芯
UK [kɔ:r] US [kɔ:r] noun
to the core
■in every part 彻头彻尾的，完完全全的，完全的
• He's a Conservative to the core. 他是个彻头彻尾的保守分子。
■to an extreme degree 十分，彻底，极其
• I was shocked to the core. 我极其震惊。
UK [kɔ:r] US [kɔ:r] verb transitive
■to remove the core from a piece of fruit 去掉…的果心
• Peel and core the pears before cooking them. 煮梨前先削皮去核。
midst, center, heart, core, middle
这组词都有“中心”的意思，其区别是：
midst: 书面语用词，指在一个群体的深处或在某活动的进程中。
center: 指三维空间的中心点，也可比喻抽象事物的中心。
heart: 指事物最内部或最重要的部分，表地理位置时可与center换用。
core: 指某事物固定的中心部分或最重要的核心部分。比喻意义指某物的精华。
middle: 一般指时间、空间或过程两端间等距的部分。
n. [晶体] 核心；要点；果心； [计] 磁心
 - quick, kernel, main, heart, essential

Word: priestess
Front: priestess
[ˈpri:stes] (18827/23258 -1)
Back: n. 女祭司
分布：女祭司(83%)，女神职人员(13%)，尼姑(4%)
noun countable
■a woman in particular non-Christian religions who performs religious duties （基督教以外的）女神职人员；女祭司
n. 女祭司；神职人员
 - clergy, druidess

Word: joist
Front: joist
[dʒɔɪst] (19139/17456)
Vocabulary: joist
(once / 9494 pages)
n
A joist is a support that strengthens floors and ceilings in a house. Joists run horizontally, connecting with the studs in walls to give buildings a solid frame.
You can't see the joists in a finished house or building, because they're inside the foundation, walls, or ceiling. Joists are usually made of wood, although they can also be concrete or steel, materials strong enough to provide support. Ceiling joists often connect to beams, which tend to be larger and run perpendicular to joists. Joist comes from the Old French word giste, "beam supporting a bridge," from the Latin iacere, "to rest."
WORD FAMILY
joist: joists
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was more fort than loft — for walls, he hung Moroccan fabric from the building’s ceiling joists.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 10, 2016)
The houses come down pretty much the way they went up more than 120 years ago - joist by joist, brick by brick.
Washington Times(Oct 01, 2016)
He convenes weekly meetings with the developers, contractors and Delta representatives to discuss progress and to share details down to the rivets and joists.
New York Times(Aug 27, 2016)
Back: n. 托梁
分布：托梁(100%)
→来自古法语giste,桥梁支撑梁，托梁，来自拉丁语iacere,扔，投掷，引申词义躺，搁，词源同gist,jet,gist.
noun countable
■a long thick piece of wood, steel or concrete which is used in buildings to support a floor or ceiling 椼；托梁
n. [矿业] 托梁； [建] 搁栅
 - backbar

Word: vole
Front: vole
[vəʊl] (18868/17629)
Back: n. 野鼠类; 全胜; 大满贯; 孤注一掷
分布：田鼠(100%)
→缩写自vole-mouse,即field mouse.词源同wild,wolds.
US [voʊl] noun countable
■a small animal similar to a mouse with a thick body, short tail and small ears 田鼠；仓鼠
n. 大满贯；野鼠
 - Slamvan, grand slam

Word: impeccably
Front: impeccably
[ -bli] (18951/19030)
Back: 完美地; 毋庸置疑地; 无瑕疵地
分布：无懈可击的(63%)，无瑕疵的(37%)
ADJ-GRADED
无瑕疵的;无可挑剔的
If you describe something such as someone's behaviour or appearance as impeccable, you are emphasizing that it is perfect and has no faults.
例：She had impeccable taste in clothes...她的穿衣品位无可挑剔。
例：Her academic credentials are impeccable.她的学术背景无可挑剔。

Word: hash
Front: hash
[hæʃ] (16754/21798 -1)
Back: n. 剁碎的食物; #号; 蔬菜肉丁
vt. 把…弄乱; 切碎; 反复推敲; 搞糟
时态：hashed, hashing, hashes
分布：混杂(28%)，肉丁(22%)，切细(22%)，弄糟(14%)，反复推敲(14%)
→来自法语hacher,剁，剁碎，词源同hatchet.引申词义跺碎的肉丁土豆，拼定比较bake,batch.
noun
FAILURE 失败
make a hash of sth UK informal
■to do something very badly 做某事很失败
• He made a complete hash of the last question. 最后一道题他答得完全不对。
[hæʃ] noun
FOOD 食物
uncountable
■a mixture of meat, potatoes and vegetables cut into small pieces and baked or fried 肉末马铃薯泥
• corned beef hash 咸牛肉马铃薯泥
• US eggs and hash 鸡蛋和肉末马铃薯泥
[hæʃ] noun
DRUGS 毒品
uncountable informal for
■ hashish
[hæʃ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] hash sth up UK informal
■to spoil something by doing it badly 把…搞砸
• The first interview was all right but I rather think I hashed up the second one. 第一次面试还可以，可是我觉得第二次面试搞砸了。
n. 剁碎的食物；混杂，拼凑；重新表述
 - farrago, grab bag
vt. 搞糟，把…弄乱；切细；推敲
 - make a mess of, foul up

Word: abnormally
Front: abnormally
[æb'nɔ:məlɪ] (18892/15669)
Back: adv. 不正常地
分布：例外地(51%)，不规则地(33%)，异常地(16%)
ADJ-GRADED
反常的；异常的；不规则的
Someone or something that is abnormal is unusual, especially in a way that is worrying.
例：...abnormal heart rhythms and high anxiety levels.心律不齐和高度焦虑
例：...a child with an abnormal fear of strangers.过于认生的小孩
adv. 反常地；变态地；不规则地
 - eccentrically, freakishly

Word: contented
Front: contented
[kənˈtentɪd] (托宝 18934/14185 -1)
Vocabulary: contented
(once / 317 pages)
adj
If you're contented, you're happy and not complaining.
In the early 1900s, a dairy company cleverly used the word in their advertising slogan — "Milk from contented cows." Who wouldn't like to imagine cows without a care, contented and grazing in sunny, green pastures, every now and then emitting a satisfied moo? The company, which is still in business, became known by that slogan, which they used for many years. They even sponsored a radio show called "The Contented Hour," broadcast from 1931 until 1951.
WORD FAMILY
contented: contentedest, contentedly, contentedness+/ content: contented, contenting, contentingly, contently, contentment, contents, discontent / contentment: contentments/ discontent: discontented, discontenting, discontently, discontentment, discontents/discontented: discontentedly, discontentedness/discontentment: discontentments
USAGE EXAMPLES
Rather, it scrutinizes change with the skepticism of the contented connoisseur.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 14, 2016)
But when they discovered how entrenched and hard-bitten the status quo really was, they promptly folded, contented themselves with mere celebrity, and accomplished nothing.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 25, 2016)
It’s a sparsely populated vessel this day, so I’m able to stretch out a bit and take a nap on my way north, fully contented.
Washington Times(Nov 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 满意的，满足的
v. 使满足(content的过去式和过去分词)
分布：满足的(75%)，心安的(20%)，动词content的过去式和过去分词形式.(5%)
US [-tˌɪd] adjective
■happy and satisfied 高兴；满足
• She smiled a contented smile. 她心满意足地微微一笑。
• He won't be contented until he's upset everyone in the office. 不把办公室的人个个弄得心烦意乱他是不会满足的。
adj. 满足的；心安的
 - fulfilled, complacent

Word: criminalize
Front: criminalize
[ˈkrɪmɪnəlaɪz] (18938/43688)
Back: vt. 宣布…犯法，使负刑事责任
时态：criminalized, criminalizing, criminalizes
分布：对…判处刑罚(50%)，宣布…为非法(50%)
(UK usually criminalise) ['krɪm.ɪ.nə.laɪz] verb transitive
■to make something illegal
• The law has criminalized prostitution but not got rid of it. 法律规定卖淫为非法行为，但没能禁绝。

Word: immutable
Front: immutable
[ɪˈmju:təbl] (18955/20103)
Vocabulary: immutable
(once / 2447 pages)
adj
If you can't change it, it's immutable. There are many things in life that are immutable; these unchangeable things include death, taxes, and the laws of physics.
The adjective immutable has Latin roots that mean "not changeable." The Latin prefix for not is in, but the spelling changes when the prefix is put before the consonant m. It is im before a root word starting with m as in immutable. If you learn this rule, you'll know the immutable fact that immutable begins with i-m-m.
WORD FAMILY
immutable: immutability, immutableness, immutably+/ mutability: mutabilities/ mutable: immutable, mutability, mutableness, mutably/ mute: mutable, muted, mutely, muteness, muter, mutes, mutest, muting/ muted: mutedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
But it is widely considered an immutable feature of our political system.
The Guardian(Dec 13, 2016)
One of the immutable rules of pop music is that boredom spurs progress.
Washington Post(Dec 01, 2016)
The court, meeting in closed session, unanimously accepted labor unions’ appeal of a decision that said government pensions were not “immutable” and could be trimmed.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 不可改变的
分布：不变的(57%)，不可变的(43%)
→im-,不，非，mutable,可改变的。
不变的(im+mutable可变的)[im-,in-①表示"不,无,非"②表示"向内,进入"]
不变的(im不+mut+able)[mut=change,表示"改变"]
【记】mutable（adj 易变的；性情不定的）
【参】mutation（n 变化；转变）；commute（v 交换；抵偿；减刑）
【反】variable（adj 可变的；易变的；变量的）
US [-tˌə-] formal
adjective
■not changing, or unable to be changed 永恒的；不可改变的
• an immutable law 永恒的法则
• Some people regard grammar as an immutable set of rules. 有些人认为文法是一套不可更改的规则。
adj. 不变的；不可变的；不能变的
 - constant, permanent, steady

Word: intercede
Front: intercede
[ˌɪntəˈsi:d] (托宝 18971/23317)
Vocabulary: intercede
(once / 1078 pages)
v
When you intercede, you try to help people work out their differences or achieve something, like when you intercede on your friend's behalf to encourage your boss to hire him, or when feuding friends ask you to intercede, guiding them to sort out their differences.
The verb intercede comes from the Latin root words inter, meaning "between," and cedere, meaning "go." Acting as a go-between is exactly what you do when you intercede. Maybe you are the peacemaker, or you play matchmaker, or you just bring people to work out their problems. Sometimes people pray that God will intercede in their lives, meaning bring change that improves a situation.
WORD FAMILY
intercede: interceded, intercedes, interceding, intercession +/ intercession: intercessions
USAGE EXAMPLES
“My spirit will intercede for you, so that Chukwu will send a good man to take care of you and the children.”
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
Now Herb, who has known my brother for 40 years, intercedes.
New York Times(Nov 04, 2016)
PB: “Yes, but if the decision was taken internationally to intercede on the ground, would you commit British troops?”
The Guardian(Oct 28, 2016)
Back: vi. 斡旋，调解; 说情
时态：interceded, interceding, intercedes
分布：调解(53%)，说情(37%)，仲裁(10%)
→inter-,在内，在中间，相互，-ced,走，词源同access,precede.即走进去，引申词义求情，说理。
调停;仲裁(inter在...中间＋cede→在二者中间走→调解)[ced,ceed,cess=go,表示"行走,前进"]
US [-tˌɚ-] verb intransitive
■to use your influence to persuade someone in authority to save someone else from punishment or to obtain forgiveness for this person （为某人）求情，说情
• Several religious leaders have interceded with the authorities on behalf of the condemned prisoner. 一些宗教领袖替这个被判刑的犯人向当局求情。
vi. 调解，调停；求情，说项
 - make peace, go between

Word: contrived
Front: contrived
[kənˈtraɪvd] (六宝 18969/18482 -1)
Vocabulary: contrived
(once / 476 pages)
adj
If you see something that seems fake since it was too perfectly planned out, call it contrived. If you can easily predict the final minutes of a made-for-TV movie, then call it contrived.
The adjective contrived describes something that is artificially planned, especially in an obvious way, so it comes across as faked or forced. It's not just drama that can come off as contrived. Someone's speech habits, wardrobe, or even personality can seem contrived. Whenever someone appears as if he or she is "trying too hard," they might seem contrived, or the opposite of "natural."
WORD FAMILY
contrived: contrivedly, uncontrived+/ contrivance: contrivances/ contrive: contrivance, contrived, contriver, contrives, contriving/contriver: contrivers
USAGE EXAMPLES
This contrived road-trip plot therefore becomes series of step-and-repeat awkward encounters that show how this bohemian family is morally superior to everyone else.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
It’s not a contrived Christmas song at all.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
It may seem contrived, but the study of retirement — and finding ways to investigate it — is an important business as the population ages.
Nature(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 不自然的; 勉强的; 人为的; 非天然的
分布：不自然的(40%)，人为的(29%)，做作的(26%)，动词contrive的过去式和过去分词.(5%)
[kən'traɪvd] disapproving
adjective
■clever rather than honest 狡猾的；虚假的
• His excuse sounded a bit contrived. 他的理由听起来有点假。
■artificial and difficult to believe 人为的，不自然的；牵强的
• I enjoyed the film, but felt the ending was a bit contrived. 我喜欢这出电影，但是觉得结尾有点牵强。
adj. 人为的；做作的；不自然的
 - affected, factitious

Word: methadone
Front: methadone
[ˈmeθədəʊn] (19097/30340)
Back: n. 美沙酮（一种镇静剂）; 美散痛
分布：=mathadon.(100%)
→化学名词。来自meth-,甲基，a-,缩写自amino, 氨，di-,二，-one,酮。
US [-doʊn] noun uncountable
■a drug which is often given to people who are trying to stop using heroin 美沙酮，美散痛（常用于戒除海洛因毒瘾）
n. [药] 美沙酮；美散痛
 - amidon

Word: sandbox
Front: sandbox
[ˈsændbɒks] (18906/-)
Vocabulary: sandbox
(once / 37403 pages)
n
Many playgrounds have a sandbox, an area that's full of fine, soft sand for kids to play in. For many children, all they need is a sandbox, a shovel, and a pail to be perfectly happy.
In North America, this common plaything is called a sandbox, while in the U.K. you'll hear it called a sandpit. It's not unusual for people with yards and young children to have a sandbox at home, and they're also found on school playgrounds and in public parks. Kids in sandboxes will dig holes, fill toy trucks with sand, mix the sand with water, and (occasionally) throw sand at each other.
WORD FAMILY
sandbox: sandboxes
USAGE EXAMPLES
The storm left them with what Ms. Lofgren calls “an expensive sandbox.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Sandbox Radio re-imagines the classic radio variety show with a local spin.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
I felt all that support from where I was lying next to the sandbox, and I wanted to tell that story.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 沙箱，沙盒
分布：沙箱(59%)，沙盒(39%)，沙漏(2%)
N-COUNT
同 sandpit
A sandbox is the same as a sandpit .

Word: swivel
Front: swivel
[ˈswɪvl] (11169/12552 -1)
Vocabulary: swivel
(once / 4641 pages)
vn
A swivel is a device that allows something to turn freely. Desk chairs are often designed so the seat can swivel atop the base. In the hospital, the TV is usually mounted on a swivel so that patients can adjust it.
Swivel comes from a middle English word, swive, meaning to sweep. It’s often used to describe gun mountings, like on a tank or a boat where a gun is fastened down but can still be swung around in any direction. But people can also swivel. If you were in the middle of robbing a bank and you heard a noise behind you, you’d probably swivel around quickly to see what it was.
WORD FAMILY
swivel: swiveled, swiveling, swivelled, swivelling, swivels
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Obama often reads through it in a leather swivel chair at his tablelike desk, under a portrait of President Ulysses S. Grant.
New York Times(Jul 02, 2016)
It’s still so puffy,’” said Jihan Thompson, a former magazine editor and a founder of the beauty booking app Swivel.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
The England captain swivelled and connected on the half-volley, but Hennessey reacted smartly enough to push the attempt round the post.
The Guardian(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 转节; 转环; 旋轴; 旋转接头
vt. & vi. （使）旋转; 在枢轴上转动; （把身子或脸等）转向另一方; 转身
时态：swivelled, swivelling, swivels
分布：转体(70%)，转换仪器(30%)
→来自古英语 swifan,旋转，转动，来自 Proto-Germanic*swif,旋转，来自 swei,弯，转，摇 摆，词源同 swing,sweep.-el,工具格后缀。
verb intransitive or transitive (-ll- or US USUALLY -l-)
■to (cause to) turn round a central point in order to face in another direction （使）转动，使）旋转
• She swivelled round to look out of the window. 她转过身看着窗外。
• The ostrich swivelled its head in our direction. 鸵鸟把头转向我们。
['swɪv.əl] adjective [before noun]
■turning around a central point to face in another direction （使）转动，（使）旋转
• a swivel chair 旋转椅
• a swivel lamp 旋转灯
vt. [机] 使旋转
 - turn, spin, swing
vi. [机] 旋转
 - wheel, circle, spin, go round and round

Word: rebuilt
Front: rebuilt
[ˌri:ˈbɪlt] (18966/18939)
Back: n. 重建
v. 重建( rebuild的过去式和过去分词 ); 重新组装; 再形成某事物; 恢复
分布：动词rebuild的过去式和过去分词(100%)
VERB
重建；重修
When people rebuild something such as a building or a city, they build it again after it has been damaged or destroyed.
例：They say they will stay to rebuild their homes rather than retreat to refugee camps...他们说他们将留下重建家园而不是躲到难民营里。
例：The castle was rebuilt by his great grandson in 1859.城堡在1859年由他的曾孙重建。
VERB
重建，重组，复原（机构、制度或生活的某些方面）
When people rebuild something such as an institution, a system, or an aspect of their lives, they take action to bring it back to its previous condition.
例：Everyone would have to work hard together to rebuild the economy...所有人都应该一起努力以重建经济。
例：Jane began to rebuild her social life which had been non-existent since her marriage...简开始重新建立自己自结婚以来便陷于沉寂的社交生活。
VERB
复原，修复（身体某一部分）
If doctors rebuild part of someone's body that has been damaged, they operate on that person to make them well again.
例：Two weeks later, surgeons carried out the operation to rebuild his face.两周后，外科医生实施了手术以复原他的面部。
n. 重建
 - reconstruction, restructuring, regeneration

Word: sprinkling
Front: sprinkling
[ˈsprɪŋklɪŋ] (18964/18909)
Back: n. 少量，一点儿
分布：点滴(49%)，零星(29%)，少数(11%)，动词sprinkle的现在分词形式.(11%)
→sprinkle,撒，洒，喷，-ing,动名词后缀。引申词义喷洒物，少量等。
【记】sprinkle（v 撒）；sprinkler（n 洒水车）
noun countable usually singular
■small pieces or drops of something that are dropped over a surface 少量（洒或撒下的东西）；零星喷洒（或撒下）的东西
• Top each bowl with a generous sprinkling of fresh mint. 在每个碗里都多撒点新鲜薄荷。
• figurative The audience were mainly women with a sprinkling (= a small number) of earnest-looking men. 观众大部分是女性，只有几个看起来很严肃的男性。
• figurative Looking young for his forty years, he has just a sprinkling (= a small number) of grey hairs at the temples. 他40岁了，但看起来很年轻，只是鬓角处有几丝白发。
n. 少量；点滴；喷雾
 - bit, driblet
v. 洒；点缀（sprinkle的现在分词）
 - interspersing

Word: glimmer
Front: glimmer
[ˈglɪmə(r)] (雅宝 12497/14497 -1)
Vocabulary: glimmer
(once / 624 pages)
nv
A glimmer is a tiny glint of light or the sliver of an idea. Either way, it's a sign of a lot more going on behind the scenes.
A glimmer of light is just a little bit of light, maybe sneaking through the curtains enough to make a flicker on the floor. A glimmer of an idea is just a small inkling of an idea. When someone doesn't understand something, you could make them feel worse by saying, "You don't have a glimmer of what I'm talking about, do you?" When it comes to light, you can also say light is glimmering, or gleaming. People often say stars are glimmering.
WORD FAMILY
glimmer: glimmered, glimmering, glimmers, glimmery+/glimmering: glimmerings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Joe’s Pub, the glimmering nightclub at the Public Theater, bursts with laughter and cheers.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Glimmers of optimism are appropriate in each case, but so is vigilance.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
But a few glimmers of hope are emerging at the local level.
Salon(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 微光，闪光; 少许
v. 发微光; 隐约出现
时态：glimmered, glimmering, glimmers
分布：微光(64%)，少许(26%)，发出微光(10%)
→词源同gleam,微光。
【记】glim（n 灯火；微弱的迹象）
US [-ɚ] verb intransitive
■to shine with a weak light or a light that is not continuous 发出微弱的光；隐约闪烁
• The lights of the village were glimmering in the distance. 远处村庄微弱的灯光时隐时现。
• The sky glimmered with stars. 天空闪烁着点点星光。
• a glimmering candle 暗淡摇曳的烛光
• figurative The first faint signs of an agreement began to glimmer through (= appear). 达成协议开始出现一线希望。
UK ['glɪm.ər] US [-ɚ] noun countable (also glimmering)
LIGHT 光
■a light that glimmers weakly 闪烁的微光；微弱的亮光
• We saw a glimmer of light in the distance. 我们看到远处有一线微光。
UK ['glɪm.ər] US [-ɚ] noun countable (also glimmering)
SIGN 迹象
■a slight sign of something good or positive 微弱的（好）迹象；一丝，一线
• This month's sales figures offer a glimmer of hope for the depressed economy. 这个月的销售额为萧条的经济带来一丝希望。
• She's never shown a glimmer of interest in classical music. 她对古典音乐从没有表现过一丁点兴趣。
• The first glimmer of light (= sign of development or understanding) has appeared in the peace talks. 和平会谈首次出现了一丝转机。
n. 微光；闪光；少许
 - little, touch
vi. 闪烁；发微光
 - spark, coruscate

Word: inferno
Front: inferno
[ɪnˈfɜ:nəʊ] (宝 18943/21221 -1)
Vocabulary: inferno
(once / 732 pages)
n
An inferno is a huge fire that's difficult to control, like an inferno that burns down a whole city block. Inferno also can describe any horrible place where people suffer.
The Latin word infernus means "of the lower regions." Using inferno to mean "hell" is credited to medieval Italian poet Dante Alighieri. Dante's epic poem the Divine Comedy contains one part titled The Inferno, which tells of a journey through the nine circles of hell full of torture, pain, and imagery of red — flames, boiling blood, and so on.
WORD FAMILY
inferno: infernal, infernos+/ infernal: infernally, infernals
USAGE EXAMPLES
She held back those who wanted to enter the inferno.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Much planning needs to be done to fit what Downey calls the “inferno, catastrophe, disaster” themes.
Washington Times(Dec 10, 2016)
“The majority of these places are not an inferno waiting to happen,” he said.
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 地狱; 阴间; 可怕的东西
分布：火海(84%)，地狱般的场所(16%)
→来自拉丁语infra,在下面的，低的，词源同netherworld.引申词义地狱，即地狱烈火，后用以形容无法控制的大火。参照hellfire.
【记】infer推断，no：推断的结果是no，因为前面是大火，纵是有一万个仙女也不要进去，必死无疑。令我非常敬佩的911的消防队员和警察们就是infer了yes，结果大多没有生还－熊熊大火源于：inferior（adj 下等的；下级的；劣等的）－地狱
【参】infernal（adj 阴间的；恶魔的）
US [-'fɝ:.noʊ] (plural infernos)
noun countable
■a very large uncontrolled fire 火海
• a raging inferno 熊熊的大火
• The building was an inferno by the time the fire service arrived. 消防车赶到时大楼已是一片火海。
n. 阴间，地狱
 - hell, nether world

Word: one-bedroom

Word: dexterity
Front: dexterity
[dekˈsterəti] (宝 18973/18696)
Vocabulary: dexterity
(once / 1443 pages)
n
If you fall asleep with your heavy head on your arm, you might not have the dexterity, or control of your hand, to hit the OFF button on the alarm clock in the morning.
Very small children do well with mittens, because their dexterity, or skill in using their hands, isn’t as developed as in older kids and adults, who wear gloves to separate their fingers. Dexterity helps fingers and hands to coordinate for completing fine tasks like writing, sewing, and playing string instruments. "Mental dexterity" means a sharpness of mind, or skill in thinking creatively and understanding and expressing something quickly and easily.
WORD FAMILY
dexterity: dexterities+/ dextrous: dexterity, dextrously
USAGE EXAMPLES
The metallic digits on this lumbering monstrosity are clearly intended to supplant the dexterity and fine motor control found in the human fingertips.
Salon(Dec 27, 2016)
The freedom of Lloyd’s production was earned by this high level of poetic dexterity.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Not just because they fancy Cumberbatch or get weak knees over that flaunting of mental dexterity.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. 灵巧; 熟练; 敏捷; 聪敏
分布：灵巧(67%)，熟练(17%)，机敏(14%)，手艺(2%)
→来自deks,右手，右边，词源同ambidextrous. 引申义灵巧。比较sinister, 原义为左手的。
敏捷(dexter+ity)[dexter=right,表示"右边"]
US [-tˌi] noun uncountable
■the ability to perform a difficult action quickly and skilfully with the hands, or the ability to think quickly and effectively 纯熟，娴熟；灵巧，敏捷
• He caught the ball with great dexterity. 他非常灵巧地接住了球。
• He answered the journalists' questions with all the dexterity of a politician. 他以政治家的娴熟技巧回答了记者们的提问。
n. 灵巧；敏捷；机敏
 - facility, skillfulness

Word: stirrup
Front: stirrup
[ˈstɪrəp] (18909/20809)
Back: n. 马蹬
分布：马蹬(100%)
→来 自 古 英 语 stigrap, 马 镫 ， 来 自 Proto-Germanic*stigaz, 爬 ， 来 自 steigh, 爬 ， 词 源 同 stair,stile,+rap,绳子，来自 rope 古英语拼写形式。
noun countable
■one of a pair of pieces of metal shaped like the letter D that hang from the side of a horse's saddle and which is used for resting your foot in when you are riding 马镫
n. [建] 箍筋；马镫；镫形物
 - hooping

Word: war-torn
Front: war-torn
[wɔ: tɔ:n] None
Back: adj. 遭受战争破坏的
分布：饱受战争摧残的(100%)
US ['wɔ:r.tɔ:rn] adjective
■severely damaged by a long war, especially between different groups from the same country 饱经战乱的；受战争蹂躏的
• It is a long-term task to rebuild the infrastructure of a war-torn country such as Angola. 重建像安哥拉这样饱受战争蹂躏的国家的基础设施是一项长期的任务。

Word: uninvited
Front: uninvited
[ˌʌnɪnˈvaɪtɪd] (18978/21705)
Back: adj. 未经要求的，未获邀请的，不速而至的
分布：未被邀请的(53%)，未经请求的(47%)
ADJ
未经邀请的；不请自到的；未经要求的
If someone does something or goes somewhere uninvited, they do it or go there without being asked, often when their action or presence is not wanted.
例：He came uninvited to one of Stein's parties.在斯坦举办的一个聚会上他不请自到。
例：...a hundred invited guests and many more who were uninvited.100个受邀嘉宾和更多没被邀请的客人
adj. 未被邀请的；未经请求的
 - unsolicited

Word: larger-than-life

Word: laissez-faire
Front: laissez-faire
[ˌleseɪ ˈfeə(r)] (-1)
Vocabulary: laissez-faire
(once / 26442 pages)
adj
Laissez-faire means "leave it alone." Usually it describes the economic policy of a government that stresses non-interference in business.
The phrase laissez faire comes from the French phrase laissez faire et laissez passer, "Let be and let pass." This phrase became popular in 18th Century France, where economists suggested the government stay out of business and industry. It might also be applied to situations outside economics where governmental interference in personal activities is avoided or when you take a "hands off" approach to something.
WORD FAMILY
laissez-faire
USAGE EXAMPLES
The room was filled with moneyed elites, such as Paul Singer, the hedge-fund billionaire and extremist laissez-faire ideologue.
Salon(Dec 25, 2016)
And Vaughan pushed his argument further, suggesting that the very geography of the globe seems to reflect the Creator’s favorable view of laissez-faire economics.
Time(Dec 12, 2016)
In the 1980s, when Thatcher and Reagan preached laissez-faire economics, Mitterrand nationalised banks and factories, and shortened working hours.
Economist(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: adj. [法]放任主义的，自由放任的; =“laisser-faire”
n. 自由放任主义，无干涉主义
分布：放任主义(71%)，自由放任政策(22%)，=laisser-faire.(7%)
→来自法语，laissez,松开，词源同lax,faire,从事，词源同affair.用于经济学自由放任政策。
US [-'fer] (also laisser-faire)
noun uncountable
■unwillingness to get involved in or influence other people's activities 置之不理，不管不问，放任自流
• The problems began long before he became headteacher, but they worsened with his laissez-faire approach/attitude. 这些问题在他当校长之前就早已出现了，但由于他采取了放任自流的态度，结果变得更加严重了。
■If a government is laissez-faire, it does not have many laws and rules which control the buying and selling of goods and services. （政府不干预经济的）自由放任政策

Word: flexion
Front: flexion
[ˈflekʃn] (18947/47171)
Back: n. （关节、肢的）弯曲，弯曲状态; 臂前举; 拐度
分布：弯曲部分(40%)，词尾(20%)，拐度(20%)，曲率(20%)
n. 弯曲，弯曲状态；弯曲部分
 - curve, give, loop, winding

Word: unhook
Front: unhook
[ʌnˈhʊk] (18879/32902)
Back: vt. 从钩子上取下，解开（衣物等）的搭扣
时态：unhooked, unhooking, unhooks
分布：解开(82%)，从取下(18%)
VERB
解开（衣服）的钩扣
If you unhook a piece of clothing that is fastened with hooks, you undo the hooks.
例：She unhooked her dress.她解开裙子的钩扣。
VERB
把…从钩上取下
If you unhook something that is held in place by hooks, you open it or remove it by undoing the hooks.
例：Chris unhooked the shutters and went out on the balcony.克里斯拉开百叶窗，走到了阳台上。
vt. 解开；从钩上取下
 - unbind, unriddle

Word: regalia
Front: regalia
[rɪˈgeɪliə] (18958/22001)
Vocabulary: regalia
(once / 7710 pages)
n
Regalia is clothing worn for formal functions by people who will be in the public eye. If you see Miss America at the grocery store, you might not recognize her because she's not wearing her pageant regalia.
Regalia looks like regal and in fact, can refer to things owned by members of royalty that convey their official positions. Crowns, sashes, scepters, tiaras? Regalia. The prince's riding boots and the duchess's bath robes? Nope. Technically, regalia is a plural word, from Latin (the singular would be regalis) but it can be used with a singular or plural verb: Here is Queen Elizabeth's regalia. Her regalia are exquisite.
WORD FAMILY
regalia: regalias
USAGE EXAMPLES
A kid wearing full goalie regalia stumps past.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Most of the parents also wore some form of club regalia.
The Guardian(Dec 08, 2016)
Native Americans in feathered regalia danced, beat animal-hide drums and sang songs throughout the evening.
Washington Post(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 王权; 王位的标志（如王冠等）; （等级、社团等的）标记; 徽章
分布：王权的标志(50%)，王袍(50%)
→来自拉丁语 regalia,王室标志，词源同 regal.-a,表复数。原指王室成员在特定场合穿戴的象征 王权的服饰，后词义通用化，引申词义标记，徽章等。
noun uncountable
■official and traditional special clothes and decorations, especially those worn or carried in formal ceremonies （尤指供出席典礼等场合用的）盛装，礼服，特别服饰，特别物品
• The queen's regalia at her coronation included her crown and sceptre. 女王在加冕礼上的服饰包括王冠和权杖。
■informal humorous
■any set of special clothes 套装；盛装；华服
• The biker was dressed in full regalia, with shiny black leather and lots of chains. 那个骑摩托车的人全副武装，皮衣乌黑发亮，一串串的链子挂满全身。
n. 标记；徽章；王权
 - marks, crown

Word: divisional
Front: divisional
[dɪˈvɪʒənl] (18912/6685)
Back: adj. 分割的，分开的; 分区的，分部的; [数]除法的; [陆]师的
分布：分割的(56%)，部门的(22%)，师的(22%)
adjective
■relating to a division (= part) of an army or large organization 部门的（常指军队或大型机构）
• the divisional commander/headquarters 小分队指挥官／总部
adj. 分区的；分割的
 - partitioned, segmentary

Word: innovate
Front: innovate
[ˈɪnəveɪt] (研 18968/20988)
Vocabulary: innovate
(once / 380 pages)
v
Innovate means to bring something new to something. If you love cranberry seltzers, you might innovate by adding limeade or by making the drink with cran-raspberry juice instead.
In our culture obsessed with finding the next new thing, the word innovate is very popular––behind every "new and improved" label slapped onto the packaging of some perfectly useful product is some eager beaver buried in the ranks of a company, scheming ways to innovate.
WORD FAMILY
innovate: innovated, innovates, innovating, innovation, innovative, innovator +/ innovation: innovational, innovations/ innovative: innovatively, innovativeness/ innovator: innovators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Aqua - with all due respect, we Americans like to innovate, try new approaches and eat dishes in whatever season we want.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
“This is where companies are innovating and where there is demand.”
New York Times(Apr 23, 2016)
“Reinventing the brands and innovating with content are the great core strengths of this company,” he wrote.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: vi. 改革，创新
vt. 引入（新事物、思想或方法），
时态：innovated, innovating, innovates
分布：创新(90%)，改革(10%)
→in-,进入，使，-nov,新的，词源同new.引申词义创新。
革新,改革(in进入+nov+ate)[nov=new,表示"新的"]
verb intransitive
■to introduce changes and new ideas 改革；创新
• The fashion industry is always desperate to innovate. 时装界总是竭尽全力地进行创新。
vi. 创新；改革；革新
 - to reform
vt. 改变；创立；创始；引人
 - found, construct, institute, influence, fashion

Word: promiscuity
Front: promiscuity
[ˌprɒmɪs'kju:ətɪ] (18977/19729)
Back: n. 混杂，混乱; （男女的）乱交
分布：混乱(47%)，杂乱(32%)，放荡(21%)
混杂,杂乱(promiscuous,ous变成ity)"[Misc=mix,表示"混淆"]
US [ˌprɑ:.mɪ'skju:.ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
■when someone is promiscuous 乱交，滥交
n. 乱交；混乱
 - chaos, disorder, confusion, involvement, mix

Word: store-bought
Front: store-bought
['stɔː(r) .bɔːt] None
Back: = shop-bought
分布：店里买的(50%)，现成的(50%)
US ['stɔ:r.bɑ:t] US (UK shop-bought)
adjective
■describes food bought in a shop and not made at home （食物）商店里买的，现成的
• Why use store-bought pastry when it's so easy to make your own? 自己做糕饼那么容易，为甚么还要买现成的呢？
adj. 现成的；店里买的
 - ready, off-the-rack

Word: unevenly
Front: unevenly
[ʌn'i:vnlɪ] (托 18987/18700)
Back: adv. 不规则地; 不稳定地; 不平行地; 参差不齐地
分布：不平坦地(50%)，不均衡地(50%)
ADJ-GRADED
不平坦的;不平滑的;凹凸不平的;参差不齐的
An uneven surface or edge is not smooth, flat, or straight.
例：He staggered on the uneven surface of the car park...他摇摇晃晃地行走在停车场凹凸不平的地面上。
例：She gazed round the church at the grey uneven walls and the vivid stained glass windows.她四下打量了一番教堂凹凸不平的灰色墙壁和色彩鲜艳的彩色玻璃窗。
ADJ-GRADED
不规则的；不一致的
Something that is uneven is not regular or consistent.
例：He could hear that her breathing was uneven...他能听到她的呼吸不均匀。
例：What kids experience now is an uneven rate of development. They are forced to be older than their years.小孩子现在的问题是成长速度不均衡。他们被迫变得比自己的实际年龄老成。
ADJ-GRADED
（质量）不稳定的，时好时坏的
If you describe something as uneven, you think it is not very good because it is not consistent in quality.
例：This was, for him, an oddly uneven performance...对他而言，这场演出时好时坏，很是奇怪。
例：The acting is wildly uneven.演技起伏极大。
ADJ-GRADED
不公平的；不均衡的
An uneven system or situation is unfairly arranged or organized.
例：Some of the victims are complaining loudly about the uneven distribution of emergency aid...其中一些灾民大声地抱怨紧急援助物资分配不公。
例：It was an uneven contest.这是一场不公平的竞赛。
adv. 不均衡地；不平坦地；不平行地
 - disproportionally

Word: undemocratic
Front: undemocratic
[ˌʌndeməˈkrætɪk] (18949/20188 -1)
Back: adj. 不民主的; 非民主的
分布：不民主的(100%)
ADJ-GRADED
不民主的；非民主的；独裁的
A system, process, or decision that is undemocratic is one that is controlled or made by one person or a small number of people, rather than by all the people involved.
例：...the undemocratic rule of the former political establishment...原统治集团的独裁统治
例：Opponents denounced the decree as undemocratic and unconstitutional.反对派抨击该法令是不民主的、违反宪法的。

Word: downwind
Front: downwind
[ˌdaʊnˈwɪnd] (18944/23770)
Back: adv. & adj. 顺风（的）
分布：顺风(69%)，顺风的(31%)
adverb adjective
■in the direction in which the wind blows; with the wind behind 顺风（的），在下风（的），随风（的）
• The smoke drifted downwind. 烟雾随风飘散。
• They live downwind of a pig-farm and sometimes the smell is awful. 他们住在养猪场的下风处，有时那里的气味非常难闻。
Compare upwind
adj. [航] [水运] 顺风的
 - leeward

Word: snicker
Front: snicker
[ˈsnɪkə(r)] (宝 18890/49508)
Vocabulary: snicker
(once / 6163 pages)
vn
A snicker is a disrespectful snort of half-suppressed laughter, often expressing superiority. We snicker at beauty queens talking about world peace, for example.
Used indiscriminately with the word snigger, though snigger tends to have a more specifically sexual tone. As in, "I couldn't help but snicker when the Customs Officer said: 'Next time please declare your nuts.'" Try saying that without sniggering or snickering.
WORD FAMILY
snicker: snickered, snickering, snickers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Tim and I enjoy our drinks and dessert of deep-fried Snickers, which is indulgence par excellence.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Underneath all the toothbrushes and healthy candy options, there’s a Snickers bar in there somewhere.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
“No breasts bounce in space, no jiggling in the Empire,” Fisher snickered, as quoted in Jones’s book.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vi. 偷笑，窃笑
vt. 窃笑着说
n. 窃笑
时态：snickered, snickering, snickers
分布：窃笑(100%)
→来自辅音丛 sn-,鼻子，闻，嗅，发鼻音，比较 sneer,snore,snicker,sniff,snuff.引申词义窃笑， 暗笑。-er,表反复。
US [-ɚ] verb intransitive noun countable US for snigger
vi. 偷笑，窃笑
 - laugh in one's beard
n. 窃笑
 - snigger, titter

Word: oxidation
Front: oxidation
[ˌɒksɪ'deɪʃn] (18886/17458)
Vocabulary: oxidation
(once / 6376 pages)
n
An apple gone brown on the counter or a penny turned green over years have both gone through the process of oxidation, or exposure to air, which changes their properties — including color.
Oxidation is a word used to describe what happens when metal rusts or starts to disintegrate over time with exposure to air. But the process of oxidation — a word that looks very much like the word oxygen — isn't limited only to metals. Bananas turn brown over time because of the oxidation process. If you see an old car crumbling from all its rust, it's seen its fair share of the oxidation process.
WORD FAMILY
oxidation: oxidations+/oxidate: oxidated, oxidating, oxidation, oxidative
USAGE EXAMPLES
Such defects probably accelerate oxidation, so coatings could be improved by patching up imperfections and growing films with fewer defects, the authors suggest.
Nature(Nov 29, 2016)
This Great Oxidation Event transformed Earth and made intelligent life possible.
Nature(Nov 01, 2016)
Such a tiny, ordinary, simple thing to be utopian, futuristic—though its blue-green oxidation might incline one to imagine great antiquity.
Wall Street Journal(Oct 20, 2016)
Back: n. 氧化
分布：名词(100%)
N-UNCOUNT
氧化（作用）
Oxidation is a process in which a chemical substance changes because of the addition of oxygen.
例：Carbon dioxide is a necessary result of the oxidation of carbon compounds.碳化合物氧化后必然会产生二氧化碳。
n. [化学] 氧化
 - combustion, oxydation

Word: fanaticism
Front: fanaticism
[fəˈnætɪsɪzəm] (托 18972/20178)
Vocabulary: fanaticism
(once / 1848 pages)
n
Fanaticism occurs when someone is unwilling or unable to accept a differing point of view. You can use the word to describe the endless war between fans of the Boston Red Sox and the New York Yankees.
Fanaticism come from the Latin word fanaticus, a word with a meaning that includes the word mad — in both senses. If you're mad, you might be angry — or you might be insane. Fanaticism involves both kinds of madness. Anger at those who disagree with you, taken so far that there's a desire to stop or even harm the dissenters? That's madness — and also fanaticism.
WORD FAMILY
fanaticism: fanaticisms+/ fanatic: fanatical, fanatically, fanaticism, fanatics, fanatism
USAGE EXAMPLES
Hamilton was no apologist for Jefferson, whose politics were “tinctured with fanaticism,” and who was “a contemptible hypocrite.”
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
The militants’ fanaticism devastated one of the Middle East’s most important archaeological sites.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The militants’ fanaticism devastated one of the most important archaeological sites in the Middle East.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 狂热，盲信，着迷
分布：狂热(94%)，盲从(6%)
狂热盲信(fanatic狂热者)[-ism名词1.表示"主义,宗教"2.表示"学术,流派"3.表示"行为,现象,状态"4.表示"疾病"5.表示"具备某种牲质"]
N-UNCOUNT
狂热;狂热的行为
Fanaticism is fanatical behaviour or the quality of being fanatical.
例：...a protest against intolerance and religious fanaticism.对不宽容政策和宗教狂热的抗议
n. 狂热，著迷；盲信
 - abandon, mania

Word: transitory
Front: transitory
[ˈtrænsətri] (托宝 18961/19572)
Vocabulary: transitory
(once / 2528 pages)
adj
If something is fleeting or lasts a short time, it is transitory. Your boss declared the company's restructuring to be transitory, and promised that the company would emerge stronger and better than ever.
The adjective transitory describes something that is fleeting, temporary, or brief. Even a transitory storm that passes quickly can get you drenched. Consider it an honor to be on the transitory team that helps the president make a smooth transfer of power. When you met your first love, your parents thought that the relationship was transitory — but fifty years later, you're still married!
WORD FAMILY
transitory: transitorily, transitoriness
USAGE EXAMPLES
“In the first appearances, I thought it was a transitory phenomenon,” he said.
Washington Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Recent stars have faded, in the market’s transitory judgment.
New York Times(Nov 19, 2016)
Yet Linke’s repeated warnings about the transitory nature of life are bracingly astringent, a splash in the face reawakening us to our shared mortality.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 04, 2016)
Back: adj. 不持续的; 短暂的，转瞬即逝的; 朝露
分布：短暂的(42%)，暂时的(39%)，片刻的(12%)，瞬息的(7%)
→来自 transit,中转，过渡，-ory,形容词后缀。
短暂的(trans+it走＋ory→走过就变→输血)[trans-①表示"横过,越过"②表示"变换,改变,转移"]
短暂的(trans交换+it+ory交换走→你走他来→短暂的)[it=go,表示"行走"]
短暂的(transit过夜＋ory)[-ory 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词,指场所等]
【记】trans转，itory－转瞬的
【反】enduring（adj 持久的）；protracted（adj 拖延的）；perpetual＝persistent（adj 永久的）
US [-tɔ:.ri] formal
adjective
■lasting for only a short time 短暂的，转瞬即逝的
• the transitory nature of life 生命转瞬即逝的本质
adj. 短暂的，暂时的；瞬息的
 - temporary, brief, little, passing

Word: echoing
Vocabulary: echoing
(once / 1432 pages)
adj
Something that's echoing resounds or reverberates. The echoing halls of a large building seem full of repeating, reflected sounds.
An echoing cathedral might resound with the notes sung by a choir, and a creepy haunted house could be echoing too, with mysterious bumps and groans. The adjective echoing comes from the noun echo, a "sound repeated by reflection," which is rooted in the mythical Greek figure of Echo. a nymph who pined for love until only her voice was left, echoing through the mountains.
WORD FAMILY
echoing: echoingly+/ echo: echoed, echoes, echoing, echoless, echolike, echos, re-echo, reecho/reecho: reechoed, reechoing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some companies continue to promise returns echoing those common before the financial crisis.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
“It’s a big data problem,” he said, echoing one of the trendiest terms in computing.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Its overworked defense finally caved in, echoing a fourth-quarter home collapse against the Dolphins last month.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)

Word: lunch
Front: lunch
[lʌntʃ] (中高雅 1586/1615 -K4)
Vocabulary: lunch
(once / 229 pages)
nv
Lunch is the meal you eat in the middle of the day. If you only have a short lunch break during your school or work day, you might quickly eat a peanut butter and jelly sandwich.
The size of your lunch depends on what country you live in. In the US, most people eat a small lunch and a larger dinner at the end of the day. The word is a somewhat fancy verb, too: "Shall we lunch at the club, or have the cook make us something at home?" Lunch is a shortened version of luncheon, which may stem from the earlier dialectical lunch, "hunk of bread and cheese."
WORD FAMILY
lunch: lunched, luncher, lunches, lunching+/luncher: lunchers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Karen objects to fruit juice in grade-school lunches; however, like most of us, she resorts to sugary bribes when necessary.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
About a third of the students qualify for free or reduced-price lunches because of their parents’ lower incomes, according to state figures.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
After lunch, she and Alvarenga and Dominic and others in the family gathered for a civil ceremony at a lawyer’s office in Fairfax.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 午餐
vt. & vi. 吃午餐; 供给午餐
时态：lunched, lunching, lunches
分布：午餐(100%)
→缩写自luncheon,词源不详，可能来自lump,块，块状食物，比较bump,bunch,hump,hunch.该词原义为一块面包，点心或其它小块食物，可以在一天中的任何时间吃，但是进入20世纪，词义逐渐固定为午餐。词义演变比较breakfast,dinner.
n.午餐,(美)便餐Won't you stay for lunch?留在这儿吃午饭好吗?
noun countable or uncountable
 ESSENTIAL
■a meal that is eaten in the middle of the day 午餐，午饭
• What's for lunch? 午饭吃甚么？
• UK We had a pub lunch. 我们在酒吧吃的午饭。
• I'm sorry, Joanna isn't here at the moment, she's (gone) out to/gone to lunch. 对不起，乔安娜现在不在，她吃午饭去了。
• We must do lunch sometime (= have lunch together). 我们找天一定要一起吃个午饭。
[lʌntʃ] noun countable or uncountable
be out to lunch informal
■to be crazy 发疯，失去理智
• So do I take this guy seriously or is he out to lunch? 那这家伙是认真的还是一时冲动？
[lʌntʃ] verb intransitive
■to eat lunch 吃午饭，吃午餐
• I'm lunching with Giles. 我在和贾尔斯吃午饭。
luncheon, lunch
这组词都有“午餐”的意思，其区别是：
luncheon: 比lunch正式而优雅。指在某一特定场合举行的非常正式的午餐。
lunch: 普通用词，系luncheon的略语。
n. 午餐
 - dejeuner, Mittagessen

Word: cloudless
Front: cloudless
[ˈklaʊdləs] (18957/21199)
Back: adj. 无云的，晴朗的
adv. 无云地，晴朗地
分布：无云的(66%)，晴朗的(34%)
adjective
■with no clouds 无云的，晴朗的
• a cloudless sky/night 晴朗的天空／晚上
adj. 无云的；晴朗的
 - clear, fair, fine

Word: venous
Front: venous
[ˈvi:nəs] (19163/18037)
Back: adj. 静脉的，静脉中的; 有脉的
分布：静脉的(80%)，有脉纹的(20%)
→来自拉丁语vena,静脉，词源同vein.
['vi:.nəs] specialized
adjective
■of or relating to the veins 静脉的
• venous blood 静脉血
• the venous system 静脉系统
⇒ See also intravenous
adj. [昆] 静脉的；有脉纹的
 - veinal

Word: high-definition
Front: high-definition
[hai ˌdefiˈniʃən] None
Back: adj. 非常鲜明的
分布：非常鲜明的(100%)
（电视或技术）高清晰度的，高分辨率的
High-definition television or technology is a digital system that gives a much clearer picture than traditional television systems.
例：...high-definition TV, with its sharper images and better sound.图像更为清晰、音效更为出众的高清电视

Word: still
Front: still
[stɪl] (中高托 126/112 -K5)
Vocabulary: still
(once / 8 pages)
1adjv 2adjn 3adjnadvv 4adj 5n 6adv 7adv
If something is quiet and calm, it's still. After the noise of the city, it's peaceful to go camping in the woods where everything is still.
Things that are tranquil are still, like the calm surface of a lake or a sleeping baby. If you stand still, you freeze in place. Another meaning of still is an individual shot from a movie, an unmoving snapshot of a single scene. When still is an adverb, it means even now, like when you say you still love an old song or you still remember the kindness of your kindergarten teacher.
WORD FAMILY
still: stilled, stiller, stillest, stilling, stillness, stills+/stillness: stillnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
The gunman, who is still at large, hasn’t been identified.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Darnold, still calm as a librarian, said he was a little shocked.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
A search continued Tuesday for those still missing.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adv. 仍，仍然; 更，还要; 静静地; 〈诗〉常，不断地
adj. 不动的，静止的; 不狂暴的，温柔的; 没有活力的，死气沉沉的
n. 平静，寂静; 剧照; 静止摄影; 蒸馏器
vt. & vi. （使某物）平静下来，安静; 〈古〉烧（酒），蒸馏
conj. 但是; 然而
时态：stilled, stilling, stills
分布：仍然(72%)，更(14%)，静止的(4%)，寂静(4%)，不动的(2%)，蒸馏器(2%)，静止地(1%)，静寂的(1%)
→来自古英语 stille,固定的，不动的，来自 Proto-Germanic*stilli,固定的，来自 stel,放置， 站立，词源同 stall,stand.引申词义静止的，安静的，及副词词义仍旧，仍然等。
a.静止的,寂静的ad.还,仍然;更;安静地The academic topic is why the blade of the spade is still sharp after decades' decay.学术话题是为什么铁锨刃口经过几十年的腐烂之后仍然锋利.
adverb
CONTINUING 继续
 ESSENTIAL
■continuing to happen or continuing to be done 还，还是；仍然，依旧
• I'm still hungry. 我还是很饿。
• I still haven't finished my essay. 我还是没有完成我的论文。
• There is still no news about the hostages. 仍旧没有人质的消息。
• Do you still work for the government? 你还在为政府工作吗？
• Hope is fading that the missing child is still alive. 失踪孩子仍活着的可能性越来越渺茫。
• There's still time for us to get to the cinema before the film starts. 还有时间，我们能在电影开演之前赶到电影院。
  Common Learner Errors  stillWarning: check your word order! Still usually goes directly before the main verb in a sentence. Don't say 'do still something', say still do something :
✗ I still can remember the day we met. I can still remember the day we met. But if the main verb is am/is/are/was or were , still usually goes directly after it
✗ She still is my best friend. She is still my best friend.
[stɪl] adverb
DESPITE 尽管
 ESSENTIAL
■despite that 尽管那样，尽管如此
• You may not approve of what he did, but he's still your brother. 你可能不赞成他的所作所为，但他仍然是你的兄弟。
• I know you don't like her, but you still don't have to be so rude to her. 我知道你不喜欢她，但尽管如此，你也没必要对她那么无礼。
• Even though she hasn't really got the time, she still offered to help. 尽管她并不是真的有时间，但她仍然主动要帮忙。
[stɪl] adverb
GREATER DEGREE 更大程度
 ADVANCED
■to an even greater degree or in an even greater amount （程度或数量）还要，更加
• The number of people killed in the explosion is likely to rise still higher. 爆炸中丧生的人数有可能还会增加。
• The company is hoping to extend its market still further. 公司希望可以进一步拓展市场。
• Still more snow fell overnight. 夜里又下了雪。
• I'll meet you at the theatre. No, better still, let's meet in a pub and have a drink first. 我们在戏院碰面。哦不，更好的是，我们找家酒吧碰面，先喝上一杯。
• I'm worried that his car has broken down, or worse still, that he's had an accident. 我担心他的车坏了，或者，更糟的是，他出了意外。
• Why do you have to tell me still (= even) more lies? 你为甚么还要对我撒谎呢？
[stɪl] adjective
 ESSENTIAL
■staying in the same position; not moving 静止的；不动的，安静的
• Children find it difficult to sit/stand/stay still for very long. 小孩子很难长时间坐着／站着／静着不动。
• I can't brush your hair if you don't keep/hold still. 你动来动去的话，我没办法给你梳头。
• She sat perfectly still while I took her photograph. 我给她拍照的时候，她坐着一动也不动。
• The air was so still (= There was so little wind) that not even the leaves on the trees were moving. 一点风也没有，连树叶都一动不动。
• She dived into the still (= calm and not flowing) water of the lake. 她一头潜入了平静的湖水中。
■mainly UK
■A still drink is one that is not fizzy (= with bubbles) （饮料）不含碳酸的，不起泡的
• Would you like still or sparkling water? 你要无气的还是有气的饮料？
[stɪl] adjective
Still waters run deep. saying
■said about a person who says little, but who might in fact know a lot 静水流深；沉默寡言者可能胸藏丘壑
[stɪl] verb transitive
■to make something stop moving or become more calm 使静止；使平静，使安静
• He tried to still the swaying of the hammock. 他努力不让吊床晃来晃去。
• literary She cuddled her baby to still its cries. 她抱着自己的婴儿，哄他不哭。
[stɪl] noun
NOT MOVING 不移动
countable specialized
■a photograph of a piece of action in a film （电影）剧照
uncountable literary
■when it is quiet and calm 静止；安静，平静
• In the still of the night , nothing moved. 夜深人静，万籁俱寂。
[stɪl] noun
EQUIPMENT 设备
countable
■a piece of equipment used for making alcohol （酿酒用的）蒸馏器
noiseless, silent, calm, peaceful, serene, still, quiet
这组词都有“平静的，无声无息”的意思，其区别是：
noiseless: 指无任何噪音或不出声，无声无息。
silent: 普通用词，指缄默不语或无声无息。
calm: 普通用词，既可指天气、海洋等的平静状态，又可指人的镇定沉着、不慌乱，不受外界影响和情绪支配。
peaceful: 普通用词，指一种不受外物扰乱和刺激的内在宁静或和平状态。
serene: 指一种超脱一切烦恼的宁静状态。
still: 指平静而又安定的状态。
quiet: 普通用词，指没有喧闹、活动或骚乱的寂静状态。
whereas, nevertheless, but, however, still, while, yet
这组词都有“但是，可是，然而，而”的意思，其区别是：
whereas: 表对比，一般可与while互换。
nevertheless: 指尽管作出完全让步，也不会发生任何影响。
but: 口语常用词，语气较强，泛指与前述情况相反。
however: 表转折关系，语气稍弱于but，连接性也弱一些，因而常作插入语。
still: 语气强，多用于肯定句或疑问句。指尽管作出让步，采取措施或表示反对，但情况仍然如故，无所改变。
while: 表对比，一般可与whereas换用，但程度弱一些。
yet: 常用于否定句，语气比still稍强。指不管作出多大努力或让步，仍达不到预期的结果。
adv. 仍然；更；静止地
 - toujours, statically
adj. 静止的，不动的；寂静的，平静的；不起泡的
 - peaceful, pacific, quiet, calm, silent
n. 寂静；剧照； [化工] 蒸馏室
 - silence, quietude
conj. 仍然；但是；尽管如此
 - and, granted, but, yet, only
vt. [化工] 蒸馏；使…静止；使…平静下来
 - cool, fine-still
vi. 静止；平静； [化工] 蒸馏
 - rest

Word: bulwark
Front: bulwark
[ˈbʊlwək] (18990/18948)
Vocabulary: bulwark
(once / 1142 pages)
nv
A bulwark is a wall built for protection or defense. If you and your pals build a secret fort for girls only, you might want to build a bulwark to surround it — with a "No Boys Allowed" sign posted prominently.
A seawall that runs perpendicular to the shore is sometimes called a bulwark, because it defends the beach, not against invaders, but against beach erosion. Although the noun bulwark can refer to any fortified wall, it often specifically refers to an earthen wall, like a rampart. As a verb, bulwark means to fortify with a wall or to provide protection: "The volunteers used sandbags to bulwark the levee in an attempt to prevent the flooded river from overflowing its banks."
WORD FAMILY
bulwark: bulwarked, bulwarking, bulwarks
USAGE EXAMPLES
The neighborhood’s most ramshackle buildings are bulwarks against gentrification because they contain some of Seattle’s least-expensive market-rate units, he says.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Bulwarked in gear, we lumber toward our sleds.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Democratic states and cities will be bulwarks against the worst incursions of a Trump presidency.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 堡垒; 保障; 支柱; 舷墙
vt. 筑垒保卫; 保护，使安全
时态：bulwarked, bulwarking, bulwarks
分布：壁垒(56%)，保障(28%)，防波堤(13%)，用堡垒防护(3%)
→来自荷兰语。bul, 同bole, 树干。wark, 同work, 工作。原指对船只所做的加固和防御工作。后指堡垒。衍生单词boulevard, 大道。
【记】1）bul＝bole[板条，厚板]，wark工作－用厚板工作－堡垒2）bul＝bull公牛，wark工作。防止公牛的工作－作堡垒
US [-wɚk] noun countable formal
■something that protects you from dangerous or unpleasant situations 保障
• My savings were to be a bulwark against unemployment. 我的积蓄将是我失业时的保障。
n. 壁垒；保障； [水运] 防波堤
 - vallum, mole
vt. 保护；筑垒保卫
 - secure, preserve, shelter

Word: prejudice
Front: prejudice
[ˈpredʒudɪs] (高研四六托雅宝 5235/4112 -2)
Vocabulary: prejudice
(once / 187 pages)
nv
If you have a negative attitude towards someone based on race or ethnicity rather than personal experience, you might be accused of prejudice.
Prejudice is remarkably similar to its Latin root in form and meaning; the Latin praejudicium means "judgment in advance." A racial prejudice is a negative attitude towards a group of people based on race — not on direct knowledge or experience. If you prejudice someone, you cause them to have a negative attitude towards someone else. Lawyers are not allowed to bring certain types of evidence such as rumors into a trial because it might prejudice the jury.
WORD FAMILY
prejudice: prejudiced, prejudices, prejudicial, prejudicing+/ prejudiced: unprejudiced/ prejudicial: prejudicially/unprejudiced: unprejudicedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
As they bear witness, the Dukakises face decades of prejudice against a treatment that Dukakis credits with saving her life.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
As they bear witness, the Dukakises face decades of prejudice against a treatment that Mrs. Dukakis credits with saving her life.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
By creating interactions that encourage consumers to understand the objects that serve them as women, technologists abet the prejudice by which women are considered objects.
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 成见，偏见，歧视; 侵害; 伤害
vt. 使有偏见; 不利于，损害
时态：prejudiced, prejudicing, prejudices
分布：偏见(95%)，伤害(4%)，使 ... 存偏见(1%)
→pre-,在前，早于，预先，-judic,判断，裁决，词源同judge,judiciary.引申词义偏见，偏心。
偏见(pre预先+judice→预先判断→偏见)[judg,judic=judge,表示"判断"]
n.偏见,成见;损害,侵害v.使抱偏见,损害The judge has prejudice to the juicy fruit.法官对这种多汁水果怀有偏见.
noun countable or uncountable
 ADVANCED
■an unfair and unreasonable opinion or feeling, especially when formed without enough thought or knowledge 成见，偏见，歧视
• Laws against racial prejudice must be strictly enforced. 禁止种族歧视的法律必须严格执行。
• [+ that] The campaign aims to dispel the prejudice that AIDS is confined to the homosexual community. 这项运动旨在消除爱滋病仅限于同性恋群体的偏见。
• He claims that prejudice against homosexuals would cease overnight if all the gay stars in the country were honest about their sexuality. 他主张如果国内所有的同性恋明星都能对自己的性向开诚布公，那么对同性恋者的偏见就会立即消失。
without prejudice to sth formal or legal
■If a decision or action is made without prejudice to a right or claim , it is made without having an effect on that right or claim 对…没有不利，无损于
• My client accepts the formal apology without prejudice to any further legal action she may decide to take. 我的委托人接受了正式道歉，这不会影响她将来可能会采取的法律手段。
['predʒ.ʊ.dɪs] verb transitive
■Someone or something that prejudices you influences you unfairly so that you form an unreasonable opinion about something 使有成见，使有偏见，使产生歧视
• His comments may have prejudiced the voters against her. 他的评论可能已经使选民对她有了偏见。
■formal
■Something or someone that prejudices something else has a harmful influence on it 对…不利，损害
• The fact that you were late all this week may prejudice your chances of getting a promotion. 本周你一直迟到，这可能会影响到你的升迁。
prejudice, bias
这组词都有“偏见，成见”的意思，其区别是：
prejudice: 侧重指在缺乏理由或证据之前就形成怀疑的、有恶感的偏见。
bias: 指因个人的好恶或偏见，对人或物作出的不正确、或好或坏的判断或意见。
n. 偏见；侵害
 - violation, bias
vt. 损害；使有偏见
 - hurt, blast

Word: dissenting
Front: dissenting
[dɪ'sentɪŋ] (托 18988/19568)
Back: adj. 不同意的
v. 不同意，持异议( dissent的现在分词 )
分布：不同意的(75%)，动词dissent的现在分词形式.(25%)
N-UNCOUNT
(尤指与多数人或权威人士的)意见不一致,意见分歧
Dissent is strong disagreement or dissatisfaction with a decision or opinion, especially one that is supported by most people or by people in authority.
例：He is the toughest military ruler yet and has responded harshly to any dissent...他是迄今最强硬的军事统治者，对任何异议都一律进行打压。
例：Political dissent would no longer be tolerated...政见不和将不再被容忍。
VERB
不同意，持异议(尤指与多数人或权威人士支持的观点、决定相左)
If you dissent, you express disagreement with a decision or opinion, especially one that is supported by most people or by people in authority.
例：Just one of the 10 members dissented...只有1/10的成员不同意。
例：No one dissents from the decision to unify...没有人反对统一的决定。
v. 不同意；持异议（dissent的ing形式）
 - disagreeing

Word: stalking
Front: stalking
[ˈstɔ:kɪŋ] (18954/25042)
Vocabulary: stalking
(once / 2684 pages)
n
Stalking is the act of following someone or something very closely and watching its every move. If you're a very famous movie star, it's quite likely that someone is stalking you even as you read this sentence!
The verb to stalk means to pursue carefully, and often stealthily. It was originally used to describe hunters following their prey and waiting for the precise moment to attack. In its more recent, colloquial use, stalk and its gerund form stalking, refer to the act of pursuing a person, often because you have an unhealthy obsession with them. Stalking your ex-girlfriend to see if she’s dating someone may seem like a good idea, but it’s unwise and illegal!
WORD FAMILY
stalking: stalkings+/ stalk: stalked, stalker, stalking, stalkless, stalks/ stalker: stalkers
USAGE EXAMPLES
And with robots stalking our jobs, that's probably just as well.
BBC(Dec 19, 2016)
The most serious of the new charges against the 20-year-old Cook are felony stalking charges.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Following the UK government's announcement of measures it hopes will help protect victims of stalking, she contacted the BBC with her experiences.
BBC(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: 围捕，潜近; 潜进
分布：围捕(64%)，潜近(26%)，动词stalk的现在分词.(10%)
N-COUNT
茎;秆;柄;梗
The stalk of a flower, leaf, or fruit is the thin part that joins it to the plant or tree.
例：A single pale blue flower grows up from each joint on a long stalk.一条长长的茎秆的每个节上都会长出一朵浅蓝色的花。
例：...corn stalks.玉米秆
VERB
悄悄跟踪(敌人或野兽)
If you stalk a person or a wild animal, you follow them quietly in order to kill them, catch them, or observe them carefully.
例：He stalks his victims like a hunter after a deer.他像猎手跟踪鹿一样悄悄跟踪受害人。
VERB
跟踪骚扰，不断纠缠(名人、分手恋人等)
If someone stalks someone else, especially a famous person or a person they used to have a relationship with, they keep following them or contacting them in an annoying and frightening way.
例：Even after their divorce he continued to stalk and threaten her.即使在离婚后他仍继续纠缠和威胁她。
VERB
高视阔步;怒气冲冲地走
If you stalk somewhere, you walk there in a stiff, proud, or angry way.
例：If his patience is tried at meetings he has been known to stalk out.大家都知道如果他在会议上失去耐心，便会愤怒离席。
VERB
(死亡、恐惧、罪恶等)笼罩，蔓延，肆虐
If you say that something bad such as death, fear, or evil stalks a place, you mean it is there.
例：The spectre of neo-fascism, as he put it, was stalking the streets of Sofia and other big cities.用他的话来说，新法西斯主义的幽灵正在索非亚和其他大城市中游荡。
n. 围捕；潜行追踪
 - roundup
v. 追踪，潜近（stalk的ing形式）
 - tracing

Word: post-mortem
Front: post-mortem
[ˌpəʊst ˈmɔ:təm] (-1)
Back: adj. 验尸的; 死后的; 事后的
n. 验尸; 尸体解剖; 事后的调查分析
分布：验尸(34%)，死后的(25%)，事后检讨(25%)，验尸的(16%)
→post-,在后，mortem,死亡，词源同mortal.
N-COUNT
验尸；尸体检验；尸体解剖
A post-mortem is a medical examination of a dead person's body in order to find out how they died.
N-COUNT
（尤指对失败或出差错的事情的）事后分析；事后检讨
A post-mortem is an examination of something that has recently happened, especially something that has failed or gone wrong.
例：The postmortem on the presidential campaign is under way.正在对总统竞选活动进行反思。
n. [特医] 验尸
 - autopsy, necroscopy

Word: escaping
Front: escaping
[ɪ'skeɪp] (19008/18489)
Back: adj. 逸出的
v. 逃脱( escape的现在分词 ); （气体，液体等）漏出; （未受伤或只受了一点伤害而）逃脱; 声音（不自觉地）由…发出
分布：逃跑(95%)，动词escape的现在分词形式.(5%)
VERB
逃离;逃脱
If you escape from a place, you succeed in getting away from it.
例：A prisoner has escaped from a jail in northern England...一名囚犯从英格兰北部的一所监狱中越狱。
例：They are reported to have escaped to the other side of the border...有报道称他们已经逃过了国境线。
N-COUNT
逃避;逃跑;避开
Someone's escape is the act of escaping from a particular place or situation.
例：The man made his escape.那个人逃跑了。
VERB
躲过;逃脱;幸免
You can say that you escape when you survive something such as an accident.
例：The two officers were extremely lucky to escape serious injury...那两名警官极其幸运，没有受重伤。
例：The man's girlfriend managed to escape unhurt...那个男人的女朋友成功逃脱，毫发无损。
N-COUNT
脱身之术;逃避的方法
If something is an escape, it is a way of avoiding difficulties or responsibilities.
例：But for me television is an escape.但是对我而言，看电视是一种逃避的方法。
例：...an escape from the depressing realities of wartime.对于战时令人抑郁的现实生活的一种逃避
ADJ
使逃避困难的;使规避问题的
You can use escape to describe things which allow you to avoid difficulties or problems. For example, an escape route is an activity or opportunity that lets you improve your situation. An escape clause is part of an agreement that allows you to avoid having to do something that you do not want to do.
例：We all need the occasional escape route from the boring, routine aspects of our lives...我们都时不时需要逃避生活中的无聊和平淡。
例：This has, in fact, turned out to be a wonderful escape clause for dishonest employers everywhere.事实上，这已经成为所有狡猾的雇主们用来躲避责任的绝妙条款。
VERB
为…所不知;逃过…的注意;被…忘记
If something escapes you or escapes your attention, you do not know about it, do not remember it, or do not notice it.
例：It was an actor whose name escapes me for the moment...那个男演员的名字我一时想不起来了。
例：Blonde and slender, she was too striking to escape their attention.金发细腰的她太引人注目了，他们很难不注意到她。
VERB
（气体、液体、热量等）泄露，逸出，露出
When gas, liquid, or heat escapes, it comes out from a pipe, container, or place.
例：Leave a vent open to let some moist air escape.打开一个通风口，让潮气逸出一些。
adj. 溢出的；换码
 - exceeded, overflowed

Word: skinless
Front: skinless
[s'kɪnles] (18856/48501)
Back: 无皮的
分布：无皮的(100%)
adjective
■without a skin 无皮的，去皮的
• skinless, boneless fillets of fish 去皮去骨的鱼片

Word: laminated
Front: laminated
[ˈlæmɪneɪtɪd] (18994/20884)
Back: adj. 由薄片叠成的
分布：薄板的(50%)，动词laminate的过去式和过去分词(50%)
US [-tˌɪd] adjective
■consisting of several thin layers of wood, plastic, glass, etc. stuck together, or (of surfaces) covered with a thin protective layer of plastic （由木材、塑胶、玻璃等）由薄层粘制成的，层压的，粘合的；塑封的
• The recipe cards are laminated so they can be wiped clean. 这些菜单卡是塑封过的，所以可以擦干净。

Word: paintbrush
Front: paintbrush
[ˈpeɪntbrʌʃ] (18981/23665)
Back: n. 漆刷，画刷，画笔
分布：画笔(96%)，印度画笔(4%)
noun countable
■a brush used for putting paint on a surface or on a picture 画笔；油漆刷
n. 画笔；漆刷
 - painting brush

Word: fluttering
Front: fluttering
[ˈflʌtərɪŋ] (18919/24600)
Back: v. 飘动( flutter的现在分词 ); （心）快速跳动; 振翼，拍翅膀
分布：振翼(38%)，摆动(31%)，烦扰(26%)，使心烦；使焦虑(5%)
V-ERG
颤动;飘动;挥动
If something thin or light flutters, or if you flutter it, it moves up and down or from side to side with a lot of quick, light movements.
例：Her chiffon skirt was fluttering in the night breeze.她的雪纺裙在晚风中飘动着。
例：...a butterfly fluttering its wings.挥动着翅膀的蝴蝶
VERB
(小鸟)振翅飞翔;(纸片)飘飞，翩翩飞舞
If something light such as a small bird or a piece of paper flutters somewhere, it moves through the air with small quick movements.
例：The paper fluttered to the floor...纸飘落到地板上。
例：The birds were active, whirring and fluttering among the trees.鸟儿们很活跃，在树林中呼呼地飞来飞去。
N-COUNT
小赌注
If you have a flutter, you have a small bet on something such as a horse race.
例：I had a flutter on five horses.我在5匹马身上下了小赌注。
VERB
匆忙急赶;奔走
If you say that someone flutters somewhere, you mean that they walk there with quick, light movements, often in a silly way or in a way which suggests that they are nervous.
例：She'd been fluttering about in the kitchen.她一直在厨房里忙前忙后。
VERB
(心)扑通扑通地跳，怦怦直跳
If your heart or stomach flutters, you experience a strong feeling of excitement or anxiety.
例：The look in his eyes made my heart flutter.他的眼神让我心里扑通扑通直跳。
adj. 颤动的；翅膀拍打的
 - vibratile, thrilling
v. 摆动；鼓翼；忙乱（flutter的ing形式）
 - waggling

Word: switching
Front: switching
[swɪtʃɪŋ] (14519/12491)
Back: n. 开关; 转换; 交换; 配电
v. 转变，改变( switch的现在分词 ); 转换; 挥动（棍棒、鞭子等）; 迅速转动
分布：开关(70%)，转换(29%)，动词switch的现在分词形式.(1%)
N-COUNT
(电路的)开关，闸，转换器
A switch is a small control for an electrical device which you use to turn the device on or off.
例：Leona put some detergent into the dishwasher, shut the door and pressed the switch.利昂娜将一些清洁剂放入洗碗机，关上门后按了开始键。
例：...a light switch.电灯开关
VERB
转换;改变;转变
If you switch to something different, for example to a different system, task, or subject of conversation, you change to it from what you were doing or saying before.
例：Estonia is switching to a market economy...爱沙尼亚正在向市场经济转轨。
例：The law would encourage companies to switch from coal to cleaner fuels...该法律将鼓励企业转而使用比煤更加清洁的能源。
V-ERG
转移(注意力);(注意力)转变
If you switch your attention from one thing to another or if your attention switches, you stop paying attention to the first thing and start paying attention to the second.
例：My mother's interest had switched to my health...母亲转而关注起我的健康来。
例：As the era wore on, she switched her attention to films.随着这个时代慢慢过去，她把目光投向了电影业。
VERB
交换;调换;对调
If you switch two things, you replace one with the other.
例：In half an hour, they'd switched the tags on every cable...半个小时内，他们就给每根电缆都换了标签。
例：The ballot boxes have been switched.投票箱被人调换了。
n. [电] 开关；转换；整流；配电
 - conversion, transformation, changing

Word: fawn
Front: fawn
[fɔ:n] (宝 18845/24277 -1)
Vocabulary: fawn
(once / 1071 pages)
1nv 2v 3n
A fawn is a young deer, but it's also a verb meaning to try and win favor by flattering. You might fawn over Bambi if you want to hang out with the cute and fuzzy gang.
As a verb, fawn either refers to an attempt to get on someone’s good side, or, oddly enough, to give birth to a deer. If you're a human, fawning is an age-old art that might get you what you want but can be very unattractive. If you ever come into possession of a great fortune, watch out for sudden friends who want to fawn over you and shower you with presents. They probably have dollar signs in their eyes.
WORD FAMILY
fawn: fawn-colored, fawned, fawner, fawning, fawns+/fawner: fawners/ fawning: fawningest, fawningly
USAGE EXAMPLES
So it was in New York on Wednesday when the assembled titans fawned on their host in his blinged-up lair.
The Guardian(Dec 18, 2016)
The fawn died on Friday from a brain injury most likely caused by the accident, a vet told rescuers.
BBC(Dec 17, 2016)
It’s been retweeted thousands of times, gaining fawning praise from much of the liberal intelligentsia.
Slate(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. （未满一岁的）幼鹿; 浅黄褐色; 小动物
adj. 浅黄褐色的
vt. 生（小鹿）
vi. 摇尾乞怜; 阿谀奉承
时态：fawned, fawning, fawns
分布：讨好(36%)，奉承(36%)，浅黄褐色(20%)，未满周岁的小鹿(8%)
→来自拉丁语fetus, 生育，幼兽，字母t脱落，结尾鼻音化，用来指幼鹿及鹿的颜色。词义演变参照deer.fawn 巴结
【源】原指：未满1岁的小鹿，其特点是巴结奉承他的妈妈，以获得奶水
US [fɑ:n] noun countable
■a young deer 幼鹿
UK [fɔ:n] US [fɑ:n] adjective noun uncountable
■(having) a pale yellowish brown colour 浅黄褐色（的）
UK [fɔ:n] US [fɑ:n] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  fawn on/upon sb
■If an animal such as a dog fawns on/upon you, it is very friendly towards you and rubs itself against you. （动物）讨好（某人），向（某人）摇尾乞怜
UK [fɔ:n] US [fɑ:n] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  fawn over/on sb disapproving
■to praise someone too much and give them a lot of attention which is not sincere in order to get a positive reaction 奉承，恭维，讨好（某人）
• I hate waiters who fawn over you. 我讨厌奉承人的侍者。
fawning
    UK [fɔː.nɪŋ] US [fɑː-] adjective disapproving 2. a fawning young man 谄媚的年轻男子
vi. 奉承
 - honey, lick one's boots
n. 小鹿；浅黄褐色；小动物
 - beastie
adj. 浅黄褐色的
 - cinnamon
vt. 生（小鹿或小动物）
 - bring into the world, pup

Word: unattainable
Front: unattainable
[ˌʌnəˈteɪnəbl] (19006/19437)
Vocabulary: unattainable
(once / 3565 pages)
adj
Something unattainable is out of reach — you can't attain it or achieve it.
Unfortunately, a lot of things in life are unattainable. For most of us, making a billion dollars is unattainable. Marrying a famous movie star is probably also unattainable. Flying to the moon in a private space yacht is totally unattainable. If something is unattainable, then you just can't get it. In life, it's not always easy to see what's unattainable and what's attainable, which can cause a lot of frustration.
WORD FAMILY
unattainable: unattainableness, unattainably+/ attain: attainable, attained, attaining, attainment, attains/ attainable: attainability, attainableness, unattainable / attainment: attainments
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I don’t tie myself up in such knots anymore about trying to get something that is unattainable or ——”
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Body positivity is laudably meant to push back against media obsession with twig-thin models and projecting an unattainable and unhealthily thin perfection.
Salon(Dec 20, 2016)
Canada withdrew from Kyoto in 2011 after deciding that its targets were unattainable.
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 达不到的，无法取得的; 可望而不可即
分布：难到达的(84%)，难得到的(16%)
adjective
■not able to be achieved 达不到的，无法实现的
• an unattainable ideal 无法实现的理想
• Some economists think that full employment in Europe is an unattainable goal. 一些经济学家认为欧洲实现充分就业的目标是无法达到的。
adj. 做不到的；难到达的
 - inapproachable

Word: mental-health
Front: mental-health
None None
Back: [心理] 心理健康
分布：心理健康(100%)

Word: altercation
Front: altercation
[ˌɔ:ltəˈkeɪʃn] (19011/22464)
Vocabulary: altercation
(once / 2912 pages)
n
Altercation is a nicer word for "quarrel," which is a nicer word for "fight."
Fight is a simple, effective one-syllable word, while quarrel is a softer, two-syllable word, and altercation is a very civilized-sounding four-syllable word for the same uncivilized thing: a noisy argument between people that are mad at each other. Two cowboys fighting in a saloon probably won’t talk about their altercation, but someone who gets a black eye fighting for a parking spot might — after cooling down — describe the incident as an altercation rather than as a knock-down, drag-out brawl.
WORD FAMILY
altercation: altercations+/altercate: altercated, altercates, altercating, altercation
USAGE EXAMPLES
Schnorenberg was hurt during the altercation and treated at a hospital.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Superintendent Eddie Johnson tells reporters that the officer shot the man several times during a “verbal altercation” shortly after 9 a.m.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Police say the 37-year-old victim was shot inside the club after an altercation with at least two people.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 争辩，争吵
分布：口角(52%)，争论(48%)
→alter, 争吵，改变。字母c 来自形容词后缀-ic, 字母i脱落。
【记】alter改变，cat猫，ion名称后缀－变成猫了。猫科动物有好斗的性格，像豹子、老虎什么的－争吵，口角。
US [ˌɑ:l.tˌɚ-] formal
noun countable
■a loud argument or disagreement 争辩；争吵；口角
• According to witnesses, the altercation between the two men started inside the restaurant. 据目击者说，两人之间的口角是在餐厅内开始的。
n. 争执
 - difference, conflict, bustup

Word: undersea
Front: undersea
[ˈʌndəsi:] (19009/34398)
Back: adj. 海面下的，海底的; 水下
分布：海底的(50%)，海面下的(30%)，=underseas.(10%)，在海面下(10%)
在海底(under+sea海)[under-①表示"在…下"②表示"不足,不够"③表示"副手"]
US [-dɚ-] adjective [before noun]
■below the surface of the sea 海面下的，海底的
• undersea exploration 海底探测
adj. [海洋] 水下的；海面下的
 - submerged, subaquatic

Word: schoolmate
Front: schoolmate
[ˈsku:lmeɪt] (高 19024/33562)
Back: n. 同学，校友
分布：同学(74%)，校友(26%)
noun countable
■a friend who is at the same school as you at the same time 同学；校友
n. 同学；同窗
 - condisciple, kollegen

Word: interlocutor
Front: interlocutor
[ˌɪntəˈlɒkjətə(r)] (宝 18921/23189)
Vocabulary: interlocutor
(once / 6172 pages)
n
An interlocutor is someone who participates in a discussion or conversation, sometimes as a go-between. If you and your friend are in an argument and aren't speaking, a third friend could act as an interlocutor, delivering messages back and forth.
Interlocutor traces back to the Latin word interloqui, meaning “to speak between.” We use interlocutor either for "a conversation partner," or for "a third party in a conversation," like a middleman who speaks on behalf of an organization. It's also an old term for the guy in a minstrel show who questions all the other performers as a way of moving the act forward. "What's that you say? A funky dance? Go on and show us then."
WORD FAMILY
interlocutor: interlocutors
USAGE EXAMPLES
But as Zhou Enlai told American interlocutors, the communists would surely lean toward Moscow — how far might depend on Washington.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
“At the other pole, some interlocutors suggested that building names ought to change according to a regular schedule, perhaps every fifty years.”
Slate(Dec 02, 2016)
Yet the most successful interlocutors with super-fans are in fact the very high-tech companies that are most disruptive of old business models.
Economist(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. <正>参加谈话的人
分布：对话者(80%)，谈话者(20%)
→inter-,在内，在中间，相互，-loc,说话，词源同locution,colloquy.
【记】inter相互，locut说话，or人－对话者
【参】locution（n 独特的措辞；惯用语）
US [-tˌɚ'lɑ:.kjə.tˌɚ] formal
noun countable
■someone who is involved in a conversation 对话者，参加谈话者
■someone who is involved in a conversation and who is representing someone else （谈话中的）代言人
• Abraham was able to act as interpreter and interlocutor for our group. 亚伯拉罕可以充当我们小组的口译员和代言人。
n. 对话者；谈话者
 - dialogist

Word: concerto
Front: concerto
[kənˈtʃɜ:təʊ] (托宝 18992/8218 -1)
Vocabulary: concerto
(once / 2161 pages)
n
A concerto is a classical music composition that highlights a solo instrument against the background of a full orchestra. Bach is one composer known for writing concertos.
In a concerto, a piano, violin, flute, or other instrument plays solo parts that are backed up or highlighted by an orchestra. Most concertos have three sections or movements, and in the 19th century they were especially popular as a way to showcase virtuoso playing by the soloist. In Italian, concerto means "concert or harmony," from concertare, "to bring into agreement."
WORD FAMILY
concerto: concerti, concertos
USAGE EXAMPLES
In his recent guest spots on Amazon’s “Mozart in the Jungle,” Mulroney introduced his musician character by playing the prelude to the Lalo concerto.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 19, 2016)
The contestants show the judges videos highlighting their charity work — beauty and misery to the tunes of melancholy piano concertos.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
There are numerous classic recordings of Rachmaninoff’s popular Second Piano Concerto.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 协奏曲
分布：名词(100%)
协奏曲(concert音乐会＋o)[-o 1.表名词"人,物或状态"2.表名词,用于音乐术语]
【记】concert（n 音乐会），o（o，a结尾的单词一般是意大利语，表示音乐）－协奏曲
US [-'tʃer.tˌoʊ] (plural concertos or concerti)
noun countable
■a long piece of music for one or more main solo instruments and an orchestra 协奏曲
• a violin/piano concerto 小提琴／钢琴协奏曲
• Mozart's concerto for flute and harp 莫劄特的长笛和竖琴协奏曲

Word: keeping
Front: keeping
[ˈki:pɪŋ] (19022/13745)
Back: n. 遵守; 一致; （与…）协调; 保管
v. （使）保持， （使）继续( keep的现在分词 ); （食品）保持新鲜; 保有; 保存
分布：一致(57%)，协调(39%)，动词keep的现在分词形式.(4%)
noun
in your keeping
■If something is in your keeping, you are taking care of it 由（某人）保存（或保管）
• I left my word processor in her keeping when I went abroad. 我出国时把我的文书处理机交给她保管。
in safe keeping
■being carefully looked after 被很好地照顾
• I left my son in safe keeping with my mother. 我把儿子留给我母亲悉心照顾了。
['ki:.pɪŋ] noun
in/out of keeping (with sth)
■suitable or not suitable for a particular situation （与…）一致／不一致；（与…）协调／不协调
• In keeping with tradition, they always have turkey on Christmas Day. 他们总是遵照传统，在圣诞节吃火鸡。
• The modern furniture was out of keeping with the old house. 这套现代家俱与老房子不协调。
n. 保管；一致；协调；遵守
 - accordance, harmony, unity, agreement, identity
v. 保持；遵守（keep的ing形式）
 - observing

Word: sax
Front: sax
[sæks] (18810/27733)
Back: n. <美口>萨克斯管，石板斧
分布：石板斧(100%)
noun countable informal for
■ saxophone 萨克管； 萨克斯风
• alto/tenor sax 中音／次中音萨克斯风
• a sax player 萨克斯风吹奏者
n. 萨克斯管（等于saxophone）； [建] 石板斧
 - saxophone

Word: kayak
Front: kayak
[ˈkaɪæk] (10598/29510)
Vocabulary: kayak
(once / 6369 pages)
nv
A kayak is a narrow one- or two-person boat that is propelled with a double-ended paddle. You can use a kayak in the ocean, on a pond or lake, or in a river.
When you get in a kayak and start paddling around, you kayak (the verb). People who visit the beach often rent sea kayaks and kayak around the shore and between small islands. An even more adventurous way to kayak is in a whitewater kayak on a fast-moving river. Kayaks were first built and used by Inuits, Aleuts, and Yup'iks, and the word comes from the Inuit qayaq, "small boat of skins."
WORD FAMILY
kayak: kayaked, kayaking, kayaks
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Navy says the Coast Guard was notified of a capsized kayak in Chesapeake Bay not far from Cape Charles Wednesday morning.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
His kayak overturned off the coast of Cape Charles about 9:20 a.m.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The statement says the project is expected to reduce flooding risks and open up new areas for canoeing, kayaking and fishing.
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 爱斯基摩单人划子
分布：皮船(82%)，爱斯基摩人用的皮船(18%)
→来自爱斯基摩语qayaq,皮划艇。
noun countable
■a light narrow canoe with a covering over the top 爱斯基摩小船；（带顶轻巧的）独木舟，单人小船

Word: shortness
Front: shortness
[ʃɔ:tnəs] (19017/22104)
Back: n. 短小; 简略; 不足; 没礼貌
分布：不足(47%)，简略(25%)，短小(20%)，近视(8%)
n. 不足；简略
 - insufficient, short of, lack, scarcity

Word: wanton
Front: wanton
[ˈwɒntən] (宝 19031/18971 -1)
Vocabulary: wanton
(once / 684 pages)
nadjv
Wanton describes something excessive, uncontrolled and sometimes even cruel. The principal sees a food fight as a wanton act of vandalism done with wanton disregard for the rules, but the kids might just see it as fun.
Wanton comes from the Old English wan- "lacking" and togen "to train, discipline," in other words, "lacking in discipline." Wanton extravagance is excessive and uncontrolled, whereas a wanton act of terrorism is random and intentionally cruel. Sometimes in older novels, you will see wanton used as a disapproving term to describe a sexually active women, a usage that is considered old-fashioned today.
WORD FAMILY
wanton: wantoned, wantoning, wantonly, wantonness, wantons+/wantonness: wantonnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Justice Judith French wrote that officers couldn’t be held liable unless they acted “in a wanton or reckless manner.”
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Justice Judith French wrote officers couldn’t be held liable unless they acted “in a wanton or reckless manner.”
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
But wanton brutality is only one aspect of a prison system in which there is little respect for the rule of law or human rights.
New York Times(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: adj. 荒唐的; 繁茂的; 变化无常的; 行为不检的
vi. 放肆; 生活奢侈; 嬉戏
vt. 奢侈; 挥霍，浪费
n. 淫荡的人; 嬉闹的人
时态：wantoned, wantoning, wantons
分布：放肆(24%)，淫乱的(15%)，挥霍(15%)，荡妇(13%)，肆无忌惮的(13%)，水性杨花的女人(10%)，无节制的(5%)，贪图享乐的人(5%)
→来自古英语wan-towen,缺乏控制，自制，wan-,缺乏，词源同want,towen,拉，词源同tow。引申词义恣意妄为的，缺乏管教的，淫荡的等。
【记】want，on：想要在上面 ＃￥％※淫乱的
US ['wɑ:n.tən] adjective
WITHOUT CARE 没有注意 formal
■(of something bad, such as damage, cruelty , waste) extreme and showing no care at all 无节制的，过分的，恣意的；不负责的
• wanton destruction of human life 草菅人命
• a wanton disregard for safety 对安全极不负责
• wanton extravagance 过度的铺张
UK ['wɒn.tən] US ['wɑ:n.tən] adjective
SEXUAL 性方面的 old use or humorous
■(of a woman) behaving or appearing in a very sexual way （女子）淫荡的，放荡的
adj. 嬉戏的；繁茂的；荒唐的
 - rank, frolicsome
n. 荡妇；水性杨花的女人
 - slut, chippie
vi. 放肆；嬉戏；闲荡
 - moon, muck about
vt. 挥霍
 - consume, piss away

Word: blow-up
Front: blow-up
[bləu ʌp] None
Back: n. 单相交
分布：突然发怒(50%)，放大的照片(50%)
N-COUNT
放大的图片；放大的照片
A blow-up is a photograph or picture that has been made bigger.
例：...a grainy blowup obviously taken with a telephoto lens in bad light.一张显然是用长焦镜头在光线不好的情况下拍摄的噪点很高的照片的放大版
例：...yellowing blow-ups of James Dean.泛黄的詹姆斯·迪恩的放大照
N-COUNT
突然的激烈争吵
A blow-up is a sudden fierce argument.
例：It is understood he had a blow-up with coach Chris Anderson...据了解，他和教练克里斯·安德森之间爆发了激烈争吵。
例：He and Cohen appeared headed for a major blowup.他和科恩像是要大吵一架。
n. 单相交；发脾气；放大
 - enhancement, enlargement

Word: accost
Front: accost
[əˈkɒst] (托宝 19030/20543)
Vocabulary: accost
(once / 1451 pages)
1v 2v
To accost is to approach someone aggressively or confront them in an inappropriate way.
Accost describes a confrontation — one that's often aggressive in nature. You're likely to be accosted by angry picketers if you wear your finest fur coat to a march against animal cruelty. The paparazzi make their living by accosting celebrities, pushing in close to snap candid photos as the stars leave their limos. The drunk man who accosts his attractive female co-worker at a company cocktail party is looking for more than conversation.
WORD FAMILY
accost: accosted, accosting, accosts
USAGE EXAMPLES
They are generally amiable and accommodating, but when they are high they become agitated and accost me, threatening harm if I call the police.
New York Times(Nov 26, 2016)
Many recounted stories of being followed and accosted on public transport.
BBC(Nov 25, 2016)
The next day, Hussein contacted Nature again: his wife had just been accosted at their local pharmacy.
Nature(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: vt. 走过去跟…讲话; 跟…搭讪; （乞丐等）上前向…乞讨; （妓女等）勾搭
vi. 贴近地面飞; <古>接界; 邻接; 交接
n. <罕>搭讪，攀谈
时态：accosted, accosting, accosts
分布：搭讪(73%)，搭话(27%)
→前缀ac-同ad-. -cost, 岸，同coast.原指军事行动中的渡海登岸，后词义缩小为搭讪。
向人搭话;调情[cost=side(旁边)]
【记】中间有cost（花费），和人（尤其是妓女）搭讪后要花钱。
US [-'kɑ:st] formal
verb transitive often passive
■to go up to or stop and speak to someone in a threatening way （贸然）上前搭讪；（唐突地）走近谈话
• I'm usually accosted by beggars and drunks as I walk to the station. 去车站的路上，经常有乞丐和酒鬼上前跟我搭讪。
vt. 勾引；引诱；对…说话；搭讪
 - induce, seduce

Word: chewy
Front: chewy
[ˈtʃu:i] (18982/34055)
Back: adj. （食物）耐嚼的，不易嚼碎的
级别：chewier, chewiest
分布：耐嚼的(70%)，柔软而会粘着的(30%)
adjective
■describes food that needs to be chewed (= crushed with the teeth) a lot before it is swallowed （食物）难嚼的，耐嚼的，嚼不烂的
• The meat was tasteless and chewy. 这肉淡而无味而且嚼不烂。

Word: Florentine
Front: Florentine
['flɒrəntaɪn] (18843/26640)
Back: n. 佛罗伦萨人
adj. 意大利佛罗伦萨的；佛罗伦萨画派的
分布：佛罗伦萨人(100%)

Word: bodice
Front: bodice
[ˈbɒdɪs] (18948/16424)
Vocabulary: bodice
(once / 3435 pages)
n
A bodice is the section of a dress from the waist to the neck. Wedding dresses often have a fitted bodice and a long, flowing skirt.
While a bodice is one part of a dress, along with sleeves and a skirt, it can also describe an old-fashioned, vest-like article of clothing. In the 16th and 17th centuries, the bodice was often separate but sewn from the same material as a skirt. You can still see this type of bodice in various types of European folk clothing, like a German dirndl. In the 1560s, bodice was the plural form of body, a "tight-fitting Elizabethan garment."
WORD FAMILY
bodice: bodices, underbodice
USAGE EXAMPLES
“No matter. Albert may never rip Victoria’s bodice, but he does eventually loosen it, to her delight and ours.”
New York Times(Nov 06, 2016)
Without touching her, McTeer plucked a handkerchief out of her bodice and gave it to Kampouris to wipe her eyes.
The New Yorker(Oct 17, 2016)
There are white jackets that fit snugly like a fencing uniform, white vests that buckle across the back, and heart-shaped embroidery on bodices.
Washington Post(Sep 30, 2016)
Back: n. 妇女连衣裙的上身，妇女紧身马甲，妇女紧身胸衣
分布：女人穿的紧身上衣(100%)
→来自body.
US ['bɑ:.dɪs] noun countable
■the upper part of a woman's dress 女装的上身；连衣裙的上身
• She was wearing a ballgown with a fitted bodice. 她穿了一件上身很合身的舞会长礼服。
old use
■a piece of women's underwear that fits tightly to the body above the waist 妇女紧身胸衣

Word: idiosyncrasy
Front: idiosyncrasy
[ˌɪdiəˈsɪŋkrəsi] (托 19034/18599)
Vocabulary: idiosyncrasy
(once / 3312 pages)
n
If a person has an idiosyncrasy, he or she has a little quirk, or a funny behavior, that makes him or her different. If you only say goodbye in French, never in English, that would be an idiosyncrasy.
Idio seems like it means stupid, but really it is Latin for "one's own," as an idiosyncrasy is one's own particular, usually odd, behavior. Putting salt in your hot chocolate or needing the light on to sleep or tapping your head while you think are all idiosyncrasies. A machine such as a DVD player has an idiosyncrasy if you have to do something weird to it to make it work like having to bang it on the back left-hand side to stop it from skipping.
WORD FAMILY
idiosyncrasy: idiosyncrasies, idiosyncratic +/ idiosyncratic: idiosyncratically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Yet, while embracing those brisk qualities, they also entertain such contradictory elements as idiosyncrasy, irrationality and visual repose.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 01, 2016)
The sizes of the rooms vary, though the band’s attention to the idiosyncrasies of each probably will not.
New York Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Repetition of talking points passes for political discussion, and serious interest in issues and options is treated as the idiosyncrasy of wonks.
Nature(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: n. （某人特有的）气质，习性，癖好
分布：特质(100%)
→idio-,个人的，syn-,表加强，-crasy,混合，搅拌，词源同crater,搅拌碗，火山口。引申词义个人的脾气，性情，习性，特征。由混合引申脾性和脾气来自古代的医学观念，即人体内的各种物质的混合决定和影响人的脾气和性情，类似于中国哲学观念的人体五行金木水火土。
(人的)特性[cras=mixing(混合)]
【记】idio个人的，特有的，syn共，同时，crasy混合－混合了个人特性的独特行为－特异性格
【参】idiom（n 成语；方言；习惯用语）；idiopathy（n 疑难病症）
noun countable usually plural
■a strange or unusual habit, way of behaving or feature that someone or something has 癖好，怪癖；特征
• She often cracks her knuckles when she's speaking - it's one of her little idiosyncrasies. 她讲话时常常将指节捏得哢哢作响，这是她的一个小怪癖。
• One of the idiosyncrasies of this printer is that you can't stop it once it has started to print. 这台印表机的怪毛病之一是一旦开始列印就无法让它停下。
n. 特质；气质；风格
 - mode, attribute, style, particularity, colour

Word: plus
Front: plus
[plʌs] (高研四雅 2066/1357 -K4)
Vocabulary: plus
(once / 299 pages)
adjn
A plus is an “advantage” or an “asset.” You might look silly walking around with flippers all day, but if you lived underwater, they would definitely be a plus.
In Latin, the route plus means “more.” The word plus in English can have many senses, all relating to this idea of more, addition, or positive. This noun sense of the word means “a positive quality.” In the same way a number above zero on a number line is positive, and can use a plus sign, a plus is "a positive asset," like a superhero’s ability to fly or a spy’s ability to speak several languages.
WORD FAMILY
plus: nonplus, pluses+/ nonplus: nonplused, nonpluses, nonplussed, nonplusses, nonplussing
USAGE EXAMPLES
A judge ordered Hamell to pay $1,875 in fines plus an additional amount in surcharges for operating while intoxicated and carrying weapons.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
On the plus side, Bush did get 90 yards receiving on seven catches.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Electronic toys and games played outside school plus the availability of knockoff German army clothes may stoke curiosity about the Nazis, Liang said.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: prep. （表示运算）加; （表示包容）外加; [口语]和; （表示数目）在零（度）以上
n. 加号; [数学]正量; 好处; 附加物
adj. 加的; 正的; 附加的; 比所示数量多的
分布：加(66%)，加上(21%)，加号(6%)，并且(3%)，正的(2%)，优势(1%)，正数(1%)
→来自拉丁语plus,更多，更大，来自pele,装满，填满，词源同fill,full.用于数学名词加号，引申词义优势，长处。
prep.加上a.正的,加的n.加号,正号The maximum plus or minus the minimum makes minute difference.最大值加上或者减去最小值只产生极小的差异.
preposition
 ESSENTIAL
■added to 加，加上
• What is six plus four? 6加4等于几？
• The rent will be £75 a week, plus (= added to the cost of) gas and electricity. 加上煤气和电费，每周租金为75英镑。
[plʌs] preposition conjunction
 IMPROVER
■and also 并且，而且；加上
• There will be two adults travelling, plus three children. 旅行时将有两个大人，外加三个小孩。
• informal Let's not go on holiday in August - it'll be too hot - plus it'll be more expensive. 我们不要在八月份去度假——天气太热，而且开销会更大。
[plʌs] noun countable
ADVANTAGE 优势
 ADVANCED (plural pluses or plusses) informal
■an advantage or a good feature 优势，好处，长处
• Your teaching experience will be a plus in this job. 你的教学经验对从事这项工作是个有利条件。
[plʌs] noun countable
ADDITION SIGN 增加符号 (also plus sign)
■the + sign, written between two numbers to show that they should be added together 加号；正号
[plʌs] adjective
ADDITION 增加
[before noun]
■describes a stated number or amount more than zero 正的；零上
• Plus 8 is eight more than zero. +8比0大8。
• The temperature is expected to be no more than plus two (degrees). 温度预计只有零上2度。
[after noun]
■more than the number or amount mentioned 略大的，略高的；以上的
• temperatures of 40 plus 40度以上的温度
• Those cars cost £15 000 plus. 那些车总价在1.5万英镑以上。
[after noun]
■used by teachers after a letter, such as B or C, to show that the standard of a piece of work is slightly higher than the stated mark 略高于标准的
• I got C plus/C+ for my essay. 我作文得了C+。
[plʌs] adjective
ADVANTAGE 优势
[before noun] informal
■describing an advantage 优势，好处，长处
• The house is near the sea, which is a plus factor for us. 房子离海边近，这对我们来说是个有利因素。
• UK The fact that the flight goes from our nearest airport is a real plus point. 班机从离我们最近的机场起飞，这一点对我们真的是非常有利。
n. 正号，加号；好处；附加额
 - benefit, good
adj. [数] 正的；附加的
 - additional, attached, positive, more, second

Word: peroxide
Front: peroxide
[pəˈrɒksaɪd] (18939/17208)
Back: n. 过氧化氢; 过氧化物
vt. 用过氧化氢漂白（头发等）
时态：peroxided, peroxiding, peroxides
分布：过氧化物(100%)
→per-,完全的，用于化学术语超过的，最大量的，oxide,氧化物。
US [pə'rɑ:k-] noun countable or uncountable
■a liquid chemical used to make hair very pale in colour or to kill bacteria 过氧化氢，双氧水
• Peroxide is a bleach and an antiseptic. 双氧水既是漂白剂又是消毒剂。
• Peroxides are found in household detergents. 家用洗涤剂里含有过氧化氢。
• She has dyed her brown hair peroxide blonde. 她把自己的棕色头发用双氧水染成了金色。
n. [化学] 过氧化氢；过氧化物
 - oxyful, hyperoxide

Word: billiards
Front: billiards
[ˈbɪliədz] (19012/-)
Vocabulary: billiards
(once / 3662 pages)
n
Billiards is a table game in which players try to knock balls into pockets with a long stick. The game known as "pool" is considered to be one type of billiards.
When you challenge a friend to a game of billiards, you'll take turns tapping hard balls with the end of a cue stick. These balls roll across a cloth-covered table and knock against other balls. The goal of the game is to get certain balls into certain pockets. Billiards is said to have evolved from lawn games like croquet, and the word itself, originally referring to the stick itself, comes from the French bille, or "stick."
WORD FAMILY
billiards
USAGE EXAMPLES
In those days, the president followed the billiards game with bedtime routines with his daughters.
New York Times(Jul 02, 2016)
In 1989 it was scrapped on most forms of fun, including billiards, mah-jong and pachinko, but not golf, considered a corporate luxury.
Economist(Dec 01, 2016)
In Britain, car snooker adapts the rules of the variant of billiards on which it’s based, requiring players to spot vehicles of different colors.
New York Times(Nov 22, 2016)
Back: n. 台球，桌球戏，弹子球
分布：台球(100%)
→词源同bole, 树干。指用树干削成的台球杆。
US ['bɪl.jɚdz] noun uncountable
■a game played by two people on a table covered in green cloth in which a cue (= a long pole) is used to hit balls against each other and into pockets around the table 撞球运动
n. 台球，桌球；弹子戏
 - billiard ball, ping-pong

Word: Asian-American
Front: Asian-American
[,eiʃənə'merikən; 'ei-] None
Back: n. 亚洲裔美国人
分布：亚裔美国人(100%)

Word: moccasin
Front: moccasin
[ˈmɒkəsɪn] (18970/39919)
Vocabulary: moccasin
(once / 1924 pages)
n
If you lose a moccasin on your way to work, it means you'll be walking around with only one shoe all day. A moccasin is a soft leather slip-on shoe.
Virginian Algonquins get credit for the word moccasin, though a relative of it existed in other American Indian languages to designate a leather shoe so elegant in design that it's now known around the world. Less well known, perhaps, is the correct spelling, which you see here. Everyone seems to know there's a double letter but fewer remember that it's the c, not the s.
WORD FAMILY
moccasin: moccasins
USAGE EXAMPLES
They wore a uniform of a red wool cap, deerskin moccasins, leggings and an Indian belt.
New York Times(Oct 21, 2016)
"Everything. All kinds of stuff. Snakes, water moccasins, maybe a gator. Trash, debris. There's probably all type of metal and glass in here," he said.
US News(Oct 14, 2016)
Tongues flicking, some of the moccasins extended to their full lengths while others coiled sluggishly.
Carl Hiaasen, Hoot(2002)
Back: n. （原为北美印第安人穿的无后跟）软皮平底鞋，莫卡辛鞋
分布：鹿皮鞋(100%)
→来自北美印第安土著语。
US ['mɑ:.kə-] noun countable
■a shoe which the wearer's foot slides into and which is made from soft leather with stitches around the top at the front 莫卡辛软皮鞋，无后跟软帮皮鞋

Word: adornment
Front: adornment
[ə'dɔ:nmənt] (托 19010/21425)
Vocabulary: adornment
(once / 2314 pages)
n
An adornment is some ornament or accent that makes a person or thing look more attractive. You might check out your hair in the mirror before a party and decide it needs an adornment — a hat or a glittery barrette.
Tinsel draped on a Christmas tree is an adornment, and so are the fuzzy dice hanging on your car's rear view mirror. Lipstick is an adornment, and so is a polka dotted bow tie, since they both dress a person up a little bit. Another way to use adornment is to mean the act or process of decorating: "The adornment of the high school gym had transformed it into a winter wonderland." The Latin root is adornare, "equip or embellish."
WORD FAMILY
adornment: adornments+/ adorn: adorned, adorning, adornment, adorns/adorned: unadorned
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Singer seems to regard wit as immoral adornment.
New York Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Style guides for each brand dictate placement of special ribbon or other adornments.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 14, 2016)
Prosperity is changing expectations, I think, but some men still expect women to be adornments, and resent their aspirations.
BBC(Nov 19, 2016)
Back: n. 装饰，装饰品
分布：装饰(75%)，装饰品(25%)
装饰(adorn+ment)[orn=embellish,表示"装饰"]
N-VAR
装饰物
An adornment is something that is used to make a person or thing more beautiful.
例：It was a building without any adornment or decoration.这是一幢没有任何装潢或粉饰的大楼。
N-UNCOUNT
装饰；装扮
Adornment is the process of making something more beautiful by adding something to it.
例：Cosmetics are used for adornment.化妆品是用来打扮的。
n. [建] [服装] 装饰；装饰品
 - decoration, dressing

Word: engraved
Front: engraved
[inˈɡreivd] (19020/18796)
Vocabulary: engraved
(once / 1026 pages)
adj
Something that's engraved has a design carved into its surface. An engraved wedding ring might have the marriage date etched inside it.
Many metal objects are engraved, from jewelry to sports trophies, silverware to musical instruments. Engraved items are sometimes purely decorative or works of art, while others are marked so they can be identified. An engraved serial number on a gun or a computer, for example, can be helpful if these items are lost or stolen. The root of engraved is the Old English grafan, "to dig or carve."
WORD FAMILY
engrave: engraved, engraver, engraves, engraving +/engraver: engravers/ engraving: engravings
USAGE EXAMPLES
It became their own little phrase and I engraved it onto a charm for them,” she says.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
The three-foot-tall crosses were engraved with the name of a homicide victim.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Each gun was reportedly engraved with the player’s number.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: v. 在（硬物）上雕刻（字，画等）( engrave的过去式和过去分词 ); 将某事物深深印在（记忆或头脑中）
分布：雕刻(50%)，铭记(34%)，刻上(16%)
ADJ
铭记于心的；刻在脑海中的
If you say that something is engraved on your mind or memory or on your heart, you are emphasizing that you will never forget it, because it has made a very strong impression on you.
例：Her image is engraved upon my heart...她的形象铭刻在我心中。
例：The drowning at Chappaquiddick, now more than 20 years ago, is still engraved in the collective memory of America.直至今日，二十几年前的查帕奎迪克溺亡事件仍然铭记在全体美国人心中。
v. 雕刻（engrave的过去式）
 - sculpted, carved

Word: bucolic
Front: bucolic
[bju:ˈkɒlɪk] (宝 19044/37859)
Vocabulary: bucolic
(once / 8353 pages)
adjn
As an adjective, bucolic refers to an ideal country life that many yearn for. If your parents wanted to raise you in a bucolic environment, you may find yourself living 45 minutes away from the nearest movie theater or person your age. Not ideal.
You wouldn’t know it to look at it, but bucolic is a distant relation of cow, and all bucolic’s meanings can be connected to the bovine creature. Bucolic ultimately comes from the Greek boukolos, cowherd or herdsman. A bucolic could be a short poem about pastoral (cow) life or a country person, who is stereotyped as a cowherd. Used as an adjective, bucolic can refer to an idealized rural life (think life with cows) or to herdsmen (more cows). And that’s no bull.
WORD FAMILY
bucolic: bucolically, bucolicly, bucolics
USAGE EXAMPLES
There are stunning vistas of rugged, bucolic coastal inlets.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Today, the Lovings’ Caroline County is still a bucolic area where farming and timber are the main industries.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
That fall, she wrangled an artist residency at Gibraltar Point, on bucolic Toronto Island.
The Guardian(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: adj. 牧民生活的，田园风味的，乡村风味的
n. 牧歌; 田园诗; 农民; 牧人
分布：牧羊的(44%)，乡村的(28%)，牧民的(14%)，田园的(14%)
→词根bu, 牛，同bovine. 词根col, 转，耕作，同agriculture, 农耕，农业文化。
牧场的,田园的(buc+olie表形容词)[bu=ox,表示"牛"]
【记】bu＝bull（n 公牛），co＝cow（n 母牛）－养牛的－乡村的
【反】urban（adj 城市的）；sophisticated（adj 久经世故的）
US [-'kɑ:.lɪk] literary
adjective
■relating to the countryside 田园的，乡村的
• The painting shows a typically bucolic scene with peasants harvesting crops in a field. 这幅画描绘了农夫们在田里收割庄稼的情形，展现了典型的田园风光。
adj. 牧歌的；牧羊的；乡下风味的
 - idyllic
n. 田园诗；农夫
 - farmer, idyll

Word: adulation
Front: adulation
[ˌædjuˈleɪʃn] (19049/20046)
Vocabulary: adulation
(once / 4008 pages)
n
If you've ever been to a pop concert filled with screaming fans you've probably been exposed to adulation — praise so over-the-top it's almost embarrassing.
The Latin word adulatio means "flattery." It's made up of the roots ad ("to") and ulos ("tail"), and if you're thinking of a dog wagging its tail to and fro to get a treat from its owner, you're on the right track. As anyone who's seen a crazed fan drooling over a celebrity knows, adulation is one of the more doglike of human behaviors.
WORD FAMILY
adulation: adulations+/ adulate: adulated, adulates, adulating, adulation, adulator, adulatory/adulator: adulators
USAGE EXAMPLES
To David Bowie, whose beauty and talent and refusal to quit signified something beyond words: your passing brought us together in sadness and silent adulation.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Pleased with my work and eager to share it, I emailed it to my boss and awaited his adulation.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
He drove to the Valley, knocked on the door and awaited the adulation.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 谄媚
分布：奉承(66%)，谄媚(34%)
→前缀ad-, 去，往。词根ul, 尾巴，同squirrel,大尾巴，指松鼠。该词指摇尾乞怜。
noun uncountable
■very great admiration or praise for someone, especially when it is more than is deserved （尤指名不副实的）称赞，吹捧，恭维，奉承
• Minelli is a born performer - she loves the excitement and she loves the adulation. 米内利是个天生的表演家，她喜欢刺激，爱听吹捧。
n. 奉承；谄媚
 - court, flattery

Word: erroneously
Front: erroneously
[ɪ'rəʊnɪəslɪ] (19032/20491)
Vocabulary: erroneously
(once / 3652 pages)
adv
If you’ve done something erroneously, you’ve made a mistake or accidentally given out wrong information. If you erroneously accuse your brother of eating the last slice of your pecan pie, then you’re wrong: he didn’t do it.
Erroneously traces back to the Latin word errare, meaning “to stray, err.” If something’s done erroneously, you can think of it as straying from the right path and ending up going in the wrong direction. If you erroneously report to the IRS that you only made $500 last year and you really made $10,000, well, that’s a big mistake. If you do something erroneously, it’s typically by accident — you think it’s right but it isn’t.
WORD FAMILY
erroneous: erroneously, erroneousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Almost all looked at the box where the man erroneously believes that his rock is hidden.
Science Magazine(Dec 22, 2016)
Throughout the trial, Camp erroneously referred to her as “the accused”.
The Guardian(Nov 30, 2016)
It sometimes erroneously tagged correct results as potential errors, and it identified many errors that were real but trivial.
Nature(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: adv. 错误，不正确
分布：错误地(100%)
ADJ-GRADED
错误的;出错的
Beliefs, opinions, or methods that are erroneous are incorrect or only partly correct.
例：Some people have the erroneous notion that one can contract AIDS by giving blood...一些人错误地认为献血会让人感染艾滋病。
例：They have arrived at some erroneous conclusions.他们得出了一些错误的结论。
adv. 错误地；不正确
 - wrong, in error, incorrectly

Word: half-million

Word: dogged
Front: dogged
[ˈdɒgɪd] (托宝 19046/18638 -1)
Vocabulary: dogged
(once / 844 pages)
adj
Someone who's dogged is stubbornly persistent. In the old Looney Tunes cartoons, Wile E. Coyote's pursuit of the Road Runner is dogged. He simply will not give up.
You can see the word dog within the word dogged. It's no trick. If you're dogged, you are as obstinate and tenacious as a dog who smells a bone. An earlier definition of this adjective was more general, meaning "having the qualities of a dog." Today, though, if someone describes you as dogged, they simply mean that you won't stop until you get what you want.
WORD FAMILY
dogged: doggeder, doggedly, doggedness+/ dog: dogged, dogging, doglike, dogs
USAGE EXAMPLES
Even before the latest in a series of injuries that have dogged his campaign, Evans’ role had been diminished.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Smith became a dogged pursuer of information about the company, looking far and wide.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 26, 2016)
One question in particular has dogged some early social-impact bond programs: how to measure whether they are successful.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 顽强的; 固执的
vt. 跟踪; 尾随(dog的过去式)
分布：顽强的(71%)，顽固的(26%)，动词dog的过去式和过去分词.(3%)
→来自dog的褒义用法。
【记】dog本身就有顽强的特征；如：dogma（n 教条）被顽强的坚持的东西
【反】yielded（adj 屈服的）；easily discouraged（容易气馁的）
US ['dɑ:.gɪd] adjective
■very determined to do something, even if it is very difficult 下定决心的，坚决的
• Her ambition and dogged determination ensured that she rose to the top of her profession. 远大的志向和顽强的意志使她成为行业的佼佼者。
adj. 顽强的；顽固的
 - resistant, stubborn

Word: abstract
Front: abstract
[ˈæbstrækt] (高研四六托雅宝 4007/3729 -2)
Vocabulary: abstract
(once / 249 pages)
1adjvn 2nv 3v
Use the adjective abstract for something that is not a material object or is general and not based on specific examples.
Abstract is from a Latin word meaning "pulled away, detached," and the basic idea is of something detached from physical, or concrete, reality. It is frequently used of ideas, meaning that they don't have a clear applicability to real life, and of art, meaning that it doesn't pictorially represent reality. It is also used as a noun, especially in the phrase "in the abstract" (a joke has a person laying down a new sidewalk saying "I like little boys in the abstract, but not in the concrete"), and as a verb (accented on the second syllable), meaning "to remove."
WORD FAMILY
abstract: abstracted, abstracter, abstracting, abstraction, abstractive, abstractly, abstractness, abstractor, abstracts, semiabstract+/abstracted: abstractedly, abstractedness/ abstraction: abstractionism, abstractions, semi-abstraction/abstractionism: abstractionist/abstractionist: abstractionists/abstractive: abstractively/abstractor: abstractors
USAGE EXAMPLES
Movements are born in the moments when abstract principles become concrete concerns.
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
From then on, slightly abstract, sometimes surreal touches are added to this realistic backdrop.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
There also are small abstract paintings — and lots of gold leaf, symbolic of divinity in many cultures.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 抽象的，理论上的; 难解的; 抽象派的; 茫然的
n. 抽象概念; 抽象派艺术作品; 摘要; [化]萃取物
vt. 提取，分离; 转移（注意等）; 概括，摘录; <婉辞>剽窃
时态：abstracted, abstracting, abstracts
→前缀abs-为ab-变体，离开。词根tract,拉，见attract，吸引。
抽象的;心不在焉的(abs+tract拉→被拉开→心不在焉)[ab-,abs-加在词根前,表示"相反,变坏,离去"等]
抽出a.抽象的(abs离开+tract→拉出,抽出)[tract=draw,表示"拉,拖"]
a.抽象的n.摘要,梗概vt.提取;摘录要点The distracted reader can't be absorbed in the abstract extract.心神纷乱的读者无法专心于抽象的节录.
【参】intractable（adj 倔强的）；contract（n 合同，v 收缩）
【反】elaborate（adj 详细阐述的）
adjective
GENERAL 笼统的
 ADVANCED
■existing as an idea, feeling or quality, not as a material object 抽象的；纯理论的，纯概念的
• Truth and beauty are abstract concepts. 真和美都是抽象的概念。
 ADVANCED
■describes an argument or discussion that is general and not based on particular examples （辩论或讨论）抽象的，空泛的，空洞的
• This debate is becoming too abstract - let's have some hard facts! 这场辩论变得太空洞了——拿出一些具体的事实根据来吧！
the abstract
 ADVANCED
■general ideas 抽象概念；理论
• I have difficulty dealing with the abstract - let's discuss particular cases. 我难以理解抽象概念，我们讨论一些具体的事例吧。
• So far we've only discussed the question in the abstract (= without referring to any real examples). 目前我们只是笼统地讨论过这个问题。
['æb.strækt] adjective
ART 艺术
■describes a type of painting, drawing or sculpture which tries to represent the real or imagined qualities of objects or people by using shapes, lines and colour, and does not try to show their outer appearance as it would be seen in a photograph 抽象（派）的
• abstract art 抽象艺术
• an abstract painter 抽象派画家
['æb.strækt] noun countable
SHORT DOCUMENT 简短文献
■a shortened form of a speech, article, book, etc., giving only the most important facts or ideas 摘要；梗概；概要
• There is a section at the end of the magazine which includes abstracts of recent articles/books. 杂志的最后一部分收录了近期发表的文章／出版的书籍的摘要。
['æb.strækt] noun countable
ART 艺术
■a painting which represents the qualities of something, not its outer appearance 抽象画；抽象派艺术作品
abstract, summary, resume, digest, outline
这组词都有“摘要、概要、概括”的意思，其区别是：
abstract: 指论文、书籍等正文前的内容摘要，尤指学术论文或法律文件的研究提要。
summary: 普通用词，指将书籍或文章等的内容，用寥寥数语作简明扼要的说明。
resume: 源于洁语，与summary极相近，通常可互换使用。
digest: 侧重对原文融汇贯通，重新谋篇布局，以简明扼要的语言，简短篇幅成文，展现原作精华。
outline: 指配以释议文字的提纲。
abstract, subtract, contract, attract
abstract: vt 抽取；
subtract: vt 减去
contract: vt 使缩小（招致，染上（疾病等））；
attract: vt 吸引；
n. [图情] 摘要；抽象；抽象的概念
 - brief, summary, resume
adj. 抽象的；深奥的
 - deep, nonobjective
vt. [图情] 摘要；提取；使……抽象化
 - extract, brief

Word: arthritic
Front: arthritic
[ɑ:ˈθrɪtɪk] (19041/19501)
Back: adj. 关节炎的
分布：患关节炎的(100%)
US [ɑ:r'θrɪtˌ-] noun countable
■a person who suffers from arthritis 关节炎患者
• Many arthritics find it difficult to climb stairs. 很多关节炎患者感到爬楼梯非常困难。
UK [ɑ:'θrɪt.ɪk] US [ɑ:r'θrɪtˌ-] adjective
■suffering from or affected by arthritis 患有关节炎的
• Her hands were swollen and arthritic. 她的手患有关节炎，肿得厉害。
• arthritic joints 患关节炎的关节

Word: softened
Front: softened
['sɒfənd] (19003/33280)
Back: v. （使）变软( soften的过去式和过去分词 ); 缓解打击; 缓和; 安慰
分布：软化的(84%)，动词soften的过去式和过去分词形式.(16%)
V-ERG
(使)变软;(使)变柔软;(使)变柔和
If you soften something or if it softens, it becomes less hard, stiff, or firm.
例：Soften the butter mixture in a small saucepan...在小平底锅里将黄油混合物化软。
例：Fry for about 4 minutes, until the onion has softened.煎 4 分钟左右，直到洋葱变软。
VERB
(使)(影响等)减弱，减轻
If one thing softens the damaging effect of another thing, it makes the effect less severe.
例：There were also pledges to soften the impact of the subsidy cuts on the poorer regions.他们还承诺要减轻削减补贴给较贫困地区带来的影响。
例：...He could not think how to soften the blow of what he had to tell her.他要告诉她的事对她打击很大，但他又想不出怎么说才能减轻这种打击。
V-ERG
(使)(态度等)缓和
If you soften your position, if your position softens, or if you soften, you become more sympathetic and less hostile or critical towards someone or something.
例：The letter shows no sign that the Americans have softened their position...信里没有任何迹象表明美国人的态度已有所缓和。
例：His party's policy has softened a lot in recent years...他所在的政党近些年的政策已经变得温和多了。
V-ERG
(使)变温和;(使)和蔼
If your voice or expression softens or if you soften it, it becomes much more gentle and friendly.
例：All at once, Mick's serious expression softened into a grin...米克严肃的表情一下子变成了笑脸。
例：She did not smile or soften her voice.她没有笑，声音也没有温和起来。
VERB
使(灯光、颜色、声音等)减弱;使变柔和
If you soften something such as light, a colour, or a sound, you make it less bright or harsh.
例：We wanted to soften the light without destroying the overall effect of space...我们希望在不破坏整体空间效果的同时，使灯光柔和一些。
例：Stark concrete walls have been softened by a show of fresh flowers.鲜花摆上之后，突兀的混凝土墙便显得柔和起来。
VERB
使(皮肤)变得光滑柔软
Something that softens your skin makes it very smooth and pleasant to touch.
例：...products designed to moisturize and soften the skin.使肌肤滋润柔滑的产品

Word: rapprochement
Front: rapprochement
[ræ'prɒʃmɒ̃] (宝 18980/23715 -1)
Vocabulary: rapprochement
(once / 13061 pages)
n
Rapprochement is the reestablishment of a happy relationship or arrangement. A peace treaty between warring nations is a kind of rapprochement.
People who usually get along sometimes come into conflict: formerly allied nations go to war, friends feud, and spouses divorce. If a conflict ends and the parties go back to being on good terms, they achieve rapprochement. This term is most often used in international politics — for example, when two countries make peace after a long war, that's rapprochement. The word means "reunion" or "reconciliation" in French, and its root is rapprocher, "to bring near."
WORD FAMILY
rapprochement: rapprochements
USAGE EXAMPLES
Even if Trump opts to pull back Obama’s sanctions and overlook hacking allegations, he may find rapprochement with Russia isn’t that simple.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Obama therefore sees this as the last chance to hold Russia accountable and to limit Trump’s options for rapprochement with Vladimir Putin after 20 January.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Historians will grapple with whether Obama’s forward-looking diplomatic achievements, like the Iran nuclear deal and rapprochement with Cuba, will outweigh his failings.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 友好，和睦; 〈外〉和解; 恢复邦交
分布：和解(100%)
→来自法语 rapprochement,和解，调解，来自 re-,往回，approach,靠近，-ment,名词后缀。比喻 用法。
【记】re再，approach（v 接近），ment：重修旧好
【反】estrangement（n 疏远）
US [ˌræ.proʊʃ'mɑ:ŋ] formal
noun countable or uncountable
■(an) agreement reached by opposing groups or people （与敌对群体或敌对之人达成的）和睦，和解，恢复友好关系
• There are signs of (a) rapprochement between the warring factions. 交战双方有了重修旧好的迹象。
n. 友好；恢复邦交；友善关系的建立
 - goodwill, amity

Word: grudging
Front: grudging
[ˈgrʌdʒɪŋ] (19052/18547 -1)
Vocabulary: grudging
(once / 1935 pages)
adj
If you do something in a grudging manner (or grudgingly), you do it with reluctance. Doing homework, paying taxes, and saying sorry are all commonly done in a grudging manner.
"Grudging apology" and "grudging acceptance" are probably the two most common uses of this word, which perhaps says something about our lack of grace as a species. From the medieval French word groucher, meaning "to murmur or mumble." A related word is grudge, meaning a long-lasting sense of ill will dating to a previous incident.
WORD FAMILY
grudging: grudgingly, ungrudging+/ grudge: grudged, grudges, grudging /ungrudging: ungrudgingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Perhaps, even, Mr Trump gets grudging admiration for reminding the world that Taiwan deserves more recognition as a peaceful, prosperous democracy.
Economist(Dec 08, 2016)
Ellison’s disavowal of anti-Semitism was certainly more forthright than Trump’s grudging dismissals of the alt-right.
Slate(Dec 06, 2016)
But while he alarmed some in the City, and will probably do so again, he also won grudging respect as a tough but even-handed negotiator.
BBC(Oct 03, 2016)
Back: adj. 不情愿的，勉强的
分布：勉强的(54%)，不情愿的(32%)，吝惜的(7%)，动词grudge的现在分词形式.(7%)
adjective
■A grudging action or feeling is one which you do or have unwillingly 勉强的；不情愿的
• She won the grudging respect of her boss. 她的老板也不由得敬重她。
adj. 勉强的；吝啬的
 - tight, narrow, reluctant

Word: copier
Front: copier
[ˈkɒpiə(r)] (18883/23366)
Back: n. 复印机
分布：复印机(88%)，抄写员(9%)，抄袭者(3%)
US ['kɑ:.pi.ɚ] noun countable
■a photocopier 影印机
n. [印刷] 复印机（等于copying machine）；抄写员；模仿者
 - manifdder, duplicating macline

Word: prejudiced
Front: prejudiced
[ˈpredʒədɪst] (19050/15424)
Vocabulary: prejudiced
(once / 1339 pages)
adj
If you've decided that you don't like or trust someone before you've actually met them, you're prejudiced. It's unfortunately common to have prejudiced views of people who are different from you.
It's prejudiced to have negative opinions about people because of their gender, religion, skin color, or the language they speak. It's equally prejudiced to say things like, "She can't be very smart — her family is poor," or "He hates America because he's Muslim," or "They are so old, there's no way they'll think this movie is funny." Each of these statements reveals an unfair, preconceived idea of what someone is like based on one personal characteristic.
WORD FAMILY
prejudiced: unprejudiced+/ prejudice: prejudiced, prejudices, prejudicial, prejudicing/ prejudicial: prejudicially/unprejudiced: unprejudicedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
His ruling described his concern that jurors would be unfairly prejudiced by the injuries.
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
In short, we wanted an animated Disney hero to be prejudiced.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Its critics argue that the admissions process is prejudiced against such children.
Economist(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: adj. 怀偏见的; 有成见的; 偏颇的
v. 损害(prejudice的过去分词); 使抱偏见
分布：有偏见的(87%)，动词prejudice的过去时和过去分词.(13%)
→来自prejudice,偏见，成见。
【记】源于：prejudice（n 偏见）pre前，judice判断－预先判断－偏见
【反】disinterested（adj 无私的）
['predʒ.ʊ.dɪst] disapproving
adjective
■showing an unreasonable dislike for something or someone 有成见的，有偏见的，歧视的
• The campaign is designed to make people less prejudiced about AIDS. 这项运动旨在减少人们对爱滋病的成见。
• The media has been accused of presenting a prejudiced view of people with disabilities. 媒体被指责发表了歧视残障人士的观点。
• Some companies are prejudiced against taking on employees who are over the age of 40. 一些公司对雇用40岁以上的人抱有成见。
adj. 怀偏见的；有成见的；偏颇的
 - interested
v. 损害（prejudice的过去分词）；使抱偏见
 - disfigured

Word: rigging
Front: rigging
[ˈrɪgɪŋ] (19035/20213 -1)
Vocabulary: rigging
(once / 1084 pages)
n
Everything on a sailboat or ship that holds the sails up is its rigging. The rigging typically includes masts and ropes.
Sometimes the term rigging is used for just about everything on a sailing vessel, including the sails themselves. You can also use this noun for the process of adjusting or setting up these parts, either on a ship or an airship, parachute, or hang-glider. Rigging comes from the verb rig, which was originally nautical and meant just "to fit with sails."
WORD FAMILY
rigging: riggings+/ rig: rigged, rigger, rigging, rigs/ rigged: unrigged/rigger: riggers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The paperless digital machines open the door to potential election rigging that might not ever be detected.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
The government wants a back-up to the electronic system but the opposition says it is a way of rigging the poll.
BBC(Dec 21, 2016)
Price fixing and bid rigging are prohibited under federal antitrust law.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 索具，绳索; 装备; 传动装置
v. 装配; 给（船、桅杆）装配帆及索具(rig的现在分词)
分布：操纵(85%)，装备(11%)，动词rig的现在分词形式.(4%)
noun uncountable
DISHONESTLY ARRANGE 作假
■when someone arranges dishonestly for the result of something, for example an election, to be changed （采取不正当的手段）操纵；对…做手脚
• ballot rigging 操纵投票
• Opposition parties have protested over alleged vote rigging in the election. 有人称大选中有操纵选票的行为，反对党以此为由提出抗议。
['rɪg.ɪŋ] noun uncountable
SHIP'S ROPES 船帆的绳索
■the ropes which support and control a ship's sails （牵拉控制船帆的）绳索，索具
n. [船] 索具，绳索；装备，传动装置
 - equipment, arm, setup, rope, cord

Word: coloration
Front: coloration
[ˌkʌləˈreɪʃn] (宝 19029/24741)
Back: n. 染色，着色
分布：着色(52%)，染色(40%)，天然色(4%)，特色(4%)
→来自color, 颜色。
【反】variegation（杂色）－uniform coloration（单色）
[ˌkʌl.ə'reɪ.ʃən] specialized
noun uncountable
■when colour is present on an animal or plant and the pattern which the colour makes （动物或植物的）颜色，色彩，花纹
n. 着色；染色
 - painting, dyeing

Word: revamped
Front: revamped
[ri:ˈvæmpt] (19005/20949)
Back: v. 将（某物）更新( revamp的过去式和过去分词 ); 翻新; 改变; 修改
分布：改造(56%)，修补(32%)，改组(7%)，改建(5%)
VERB
修补;修改;改进
If someone revamps something, they make changes to it in order to try and improve it.
例：All Italy's political parties have accepted that it is time to revamp the system...所有的意大利政党都已经承认现在是时候对体制进行改组了。
例：Ricardo Bofill, the Catalan architect, has designed the revamped airport.里卡多·博菲利是一名加泰罗尼亚的建筑师，这座整修过的机场就是他设计的。
adj. 修订的；修补的
 - revisory, emendatory
v. 修订（revamp的过去分词）
 - amended

Word: python
Front: python
[ˈpaɪθən] (19021/24103 -1)
Vocabulary: python
(once / 18497 pages)
1n 2n
A python is a very large, nonvenomous snake. Instead of injecting poison through their fangs, pythons kill by wrapping around and asphyxiating their prey. You certainly wouldn't want to be a python's main squeeze.
A python will grab smaller animals with its sharp teeth and then use its powerful coils to constrict the prey until it stops breathing. Pythons can also eat animals larger than they are — occasionally, pythons have been known to eat antelope and deer. The word python comes from Greek mythology, in which Python was a dragon or serpent who guarded the Delphic oracle until he was eventually killed by Apollo.
WORD FAMILY
python: pythons
USAGE EXAMPLES
Anyone who sees a python at the Biscayne National Park is urged to report it at 305-230-1144.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The brain is a Raspberry Pi 3 which runs the step sequencer program, written in python.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
Dan Natusch, a biologist from the University of Sydney, said it was not unusual for a scrub python to eat a wallaby.
BBC(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 巨蛇，大蟒
分布：巨蟒(77%)，大蟒(23%)
→来自古希腊神话Python,大蛇，地球守护蛇，为地母Gaia之子。因神王宙斯与黑暗女神勒托私通，遭到神母赫拉所妒忌，因此在勒托临分娩要生下太阳神阿波罗时，赫拉派大蛇皮同追杀勒托，阿波罗出生后，为报此仇，在古希腊德尔斐神庙杀死了皮同，犯了对地母Gaia的大不敬，受到宙斯的惩罚，为此罪愆忏悔赎罪。其名字来源存在争议，一说是来自Pytho,该词为Delphi神庙旧称，可能来自pythein,腐烂，腐败，词源同putrid,因大蛇皮同被阿波罗杀死肉身腐烂于此地得名。一说是来自dheub,深的，地底，词源同deep,因Delphi神庙在古希腊时期被认为是地球中心，而皮同守护于此。由于神话传说的久远，其中逻辑关系比较混乱，莫衷一是。
US [-θɑ:n] (plural pythons or python)
noun countable
■a very large snake that kills animals for food by wrapping itself around them and crushing them 蚺，巨蟒
n. 巨蟒；大蟒；丹舌
 - constrictor

Word: windbreaker
Front: windbreaker
['wɪnd.breɪkə(r)] (高 18855/-)
Back: n. 风雪衣，防风夹克
分布：防风上衣的一种(50%)，防风林(25%)，商标名(25%)
US [-kɚ] US (UK old-fashioned windcheater)
noun countable
■a jacket which is made of a material which protects you from the wind 防风外套；风衣

Word: overbearing
Front: overbearing
[ˌəʊvəˈbeərɪŋ] (托宝 19060/19096)
Vocabulary: overbearing
(once / 3504 pages)
adj
Overbearing means domineering. You might find it difficult to play the piano as your overbearing instructor criticizes every key you touch.
The adjective overbearing typically describes a person who is haughty and dictatorial. Someone considered to be overbearing or arrogant would unlikely also be called “kind” or “modest,” which are antonyms of overbearing. Overbearing also means “repressing” or “overwhelming.” Thomas Jefferson uses this definition in his decree, “If the freedom of religion, guaranteed to us by law in theory, can ever rise in practice under the overbearing inquisition of public opinion, then and only then will truth, prevail over fanaticism.”
WORD FAMILY
overbearing: overbearingly, overbearingness+/ bear: bearable, bearer, bearing, bearish, bears, borne, forebear, overbear/ bearable: bearably, unbearable / bearer: bearers/ bearing: bearings, nonbearing/bearish: bearishly/ forebear: forebears/overbear: overbearing, overbears, overbore, overborne/ unbearable: unbearably
USAGE EXAMPLES
The flap became an overbearing cloud hanging over Seattle’s 40-7 shellacking of the Panthers after Derek Anderson’s single snap resulted in an interception.
Seattle Times(Dec 05, 2016)
But the flap about the tie and Newton’s one-play benching became an overbearing cloud hanging over Carolina’s performance.
The Guardian(Dec 05, 2016)
Because of the film’s discontinuities and overbearing attention to peculiar stories and striking gestures, the character of Hughes glows with no heat of inner passion.
The New Yorker(Nov 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 专横的，傲慢的; 难忍的
v. 压服( overbear的现在分词 )
分布：傲慢的(66%)，骄傲自大的(23%)，蛮横的(11%)
→over-,在上，超过，bear,承担，承受。比喻用法。
【记】over过分，bearing忍受一使人过分忍受－专横跋扈的
【参】overact（v 夸张表演）；overall（adj 全部的）
【反】unassuming（adj 谦逊的）；meek（adj 温顺的）
US [ˌoʊ.vɚ'ber.ɪŋ] disapproving
adjective
■too confident and too determined to tell other people what to do, in a way that is unpleasant 专横的；傲慢的；盛气凌人的
• Milligan had a pompous, overbearing father. 米利根有个自负、专横的父亲。
adj. 傲慢的；压倒一切的
 - assuming, arrogant

Word: enforceable
Front: enforceable
[ɪn'fɔ:səbl] (18941/12628)
Back: adj. 可强行的，可强迫的，可实施的
分布：可实施的(100%)
ADJ-GRADED
可执行的;可强制执行的
If something such as a law or agreement is enforceable, it can be enforced.
例：...the creation of legally enforceable contracts...具有法律效力的合同的签订
例：This Human Rights Act is enforceable in the ordinary courts.这项《人权法案》适用于普通法庭。
adj. 可实施的；可强行的；可强迫的
 - compellable, coercible

Word: uncharacteristic
Front: uncharacteristic
[ˌʌnˌkærəktəˈrɪstɪk] (19057/18866 -1)
Back: adj. 不典型的，无典型特征的
分布：不典型的(50%)，无典型特征的(50%)
US [-ˌker-] adjective
■not typical 非典型的
adj. 无典型特征的；不典型的
 - unrepresentative

Word: fuzz
Front: fuzz
[fʌz] (托 19037/25285)
Vocabulary: fuzz
(once / 3248 pages)
1n 2n 3n 4n
Fuzz is a downy or hair patch of fibers. Most kids love to blow the fuzz off of a dandelion.
The furry growth on your cactus plant is fuzz, and so is your sister's frizzy hair and your cousin's patchy attempt at sideburns. You can also call an unfocused, blurry image fuzz: "I was so tired that there was fuzz at the edges of my vision." Informally, some people refer to police officers as fuzz too, a usage that dates from 1920s US gangster slang.
WORD FAMILY
fuzz: fuzzes, fuzzy +/ fuzzy: fuzzier, fuzziest, fuzzily, fuzziness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The silkscreen process fuzzes the scene, while a mechanically produced grid interrupts any easy perceptions of naturalism.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 14, 2016)
He’s not afraid to whack the fuzz off the ball, supreme hitting allowing him to make it 15-all.
The Guardian(Nov 15, 2016)
“The data has got the right kind of fuzz growing on it,” Paul Vixie told me.
Slate(Oct 31, 2016)
Back: n. 绒毛，轻柔的物质; 竖起来的短细的毛发
vi. 作绒毛状飞散; 变成绒毛状; 变得模糊
vt. 使模糊; 起毛
分布：绒毛(67%)，起毛(20%)，警员(13%)
→词源不详。可能同fuss, 琐事，繁琐，大惊小怪。引申词义茸毛，绒毛。
noun uncountable
HAIR 毛发 informal
■a covering of short thin soft hairs, or a mass of tightly curled and often untidy hair 绒毛；鬈毛；鬈发
• He's got that bit of adolescent fuzz on his upper lip. 他的上嘴唇上长着些青春期的短须。
• I must buy a razor today and get rid of the fuzz on my legs! 我今天必须买个剃须刀刮掉我腿上的绒毛。
[fʌz] noun uncountable
POLICE 员警 UK and US old-fashioned slang and informal Australian English
■the police 员警
• Watch out! It's the fuzz. 当心！是员警。
n. [材] 绒毛；模糊； [纺] 细毛；警员
 - darkness, down, policeman
vi. 作绒毛状飞散；变成绒毛状；变得模糊
 - darken
vt. 使模糊；起毛
 - fog, obfuscate

Word: blackjack
Front: blackjack
[ˈblækdʒæk] (19015/44143)
Back: v. 以棒打，胁迫
n. 扑克牌的二十一点
时态：blackjacked, blackjacking, blackjacks
分布：包有皮革的软金属棒(100%)
noun
CARD GAME 扑克游戏
uncountable (also pontoon)
■a type of card game played for money 二十一点纸牌赌戏
['blæk.dʒæk] noun
WEAPON 武器
countable US
■a short thick metal stick covered in rubber or leather, used to hit people with （包革）金属棍棒，金属警棍
n. 闪锌矿；扑克牌的二十一点；包革金属棍棒
 - sphalerite, zincblende

Word: abscess
Front: abscess
[ˈæbses] (19223/21803)
Vocabulary: abscess
(once / 4919 pages)
n
An abscess is a localized collection of pus surrounded by inflamed tissue. An abscess in a tooth is very painful and is often drained in a process called a root canal.
In the presence of bacteria or parasites, infected tissue will sometimes form a cavity where pus collects. This is an abscess, and it's one of the ways our body surrounds an infection and walls it off in an attempt to prevent it from spreading. An abscess can develop anywhere on the body: teeth, brain, tonsils, lungs, etc. An abscess on the skin is also called a boil.
WORD FAMILY
abscess: abscesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Several children showed signs of "slowly progressive oral cellulitis" with dental abscesses or respiratory infections and some were hospitalized, officials said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 17, 2016)
In October, he developed an abscess on his leg.
Seattle Times(Dec 02, 2016)
He found himself homeless soon afterward, drifting through downtown Los Angeles’s skid row, emaciated and covered in abscesses.
New York Times(Oct 22, 2016)
Back: n. 脓肿
vi. 形成脓肿
adj. 形成脓肿的
分布：脓肿(89%)，脓疮(11%)
→前缀abs-为ab-在字母c，t开头词根前变体。词根cess，走，见access,进入。指走出来的，代指脓肿。
noun countable
■a painful swollen area on or in the body, which contains pus (= thick, yellow liquid) 脓肿
• She had an abscess on her gum. 她牙龈有处脓肿。
n. [外科] 脓肿；脓疮
 - aposteme, ecthyma

Word: piazza
Front: piazza
[piˈætsə] (宝 16844/17700 -1)
Back: n. 广场，市场; 走廊，游廊; <英>连拱廊
分布：广场(79%)，走廊(21%)
→来自意大利语piazza,广场，来自拉丁语platea,宽阔的街道，平面，词源同plate,plan.
【记】来自意大利语pizza（n 比萨饼），这种饼经常在广场和拱廊里卖
US [-'ɑ:t-] noun countable
■especially in Italy, an open area with a hard surface in a town, especially where there is no traffic （尤指义大利城镇中无车辆行驶的）露天广场
⇒ See also square
n. 露天市场，广场；走廊
 - hall, passage, plaza, square, corridor

Word: shapely
Front: shapely
[ˈʃeɪpli] (19027/20785)
Vocabulary: shapely
(once / 2427 pages)
adj
Use the adjective shapely to describe someone whose body has an attractive shape. You might start going to the gym to run and lift weights with the goal of becoming more shapely.
The word shapely most often describes a woman, but there's no reason you can't use it to talk about a nicely shaped man as well. You could describe a mountain climber you know as being physically fit, with shapely legs, or complain that fashion magazines are full of identical shapely models, with no variation of body types. Shapely has been used in English since the fourteenth century, from the Old English root word gesceap, or "creation, form, or destiny."
WORD FAMILY
shapely: shapelier, shapeliest, shapeliness, unshapely+/ reshape: reshaped, reshapes, reshaping/ shape: ill-shapen, reshape, shaped, shapeless, shapely, shaper, shapes, shaping, unshapen/shaped: unshaped/shapeless: shapelessly, shapelessness/shaper: shapers/shaping: shapings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The long bottles Sisi brought looked as though they contained an elegant liquid, the way they tapered like a slender, shapely woman.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
For a mandate that doesn’t fall apart with the first scandal or shapely ghost from your past, earn it with success on the growth front.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 12, 2016)
Toto Shapely toilets, bathtubs and plumbing fixtures by way of Japan.
New York Times(Nov 10, 2016)
Back: adj. <正，褒>（尤指女人的身材或腿）样子好的，匀称的
级别：shapelier, shapeliest
分布：形状美观的(50%)，线条优美的(25%)，样子好看的(25%)
→shape,形状，-ly,形容词后缀。引申词义有曲线美的，标致的。
['ʃeɪ.pli] approving
adjective
■used to describe something that has an attractive form, especially a woman's body or parts of a woman's body （尤指女性的身材或身体部位）匀称的，线条优美的
• shapely legs 匀称的双腿
adj. 定形的；形状美观的；样子好的；有条理的
 - formal, well-made

Word: inscribed
Front: inscribed
[ɪn'skraɪbd] (18905/21685)
Back: v. 写，刻( inscribe的过去式和过去分词 ); 内接
分布：印刻的(50%)，动词inscribe的过去式和过去分词形式.(50%)
VERB
写;刻;雕
If you inscribe words on an object, you write or carve the words on the object.
例：Some galleries commemorate donors by inscribing their names on the walls...一些美术馆把捐赠者的姓名镌刻在墙上以示纪念。
例：She and Mark read the words inscribed on the inner walls of the monument.她和马克读了刻在纪念碑内墙上的文字。
VERB
题写;题献;题赠
If you inscribe something in the front of a book or on a photograph, you write it there, often before giving it to someone.
例：On the back I had inscribed the words: 'Here's to Great Ideas! John'...在背后我题写了这样的话：“愿奇思妙想不绝！约翰”。
例：The book is inscribed: To John Arlott from Laurie Lee.书的题赠是：献给约翰·阿洛特——劳丽·李。
adj. 内切的；记名的；有铭刻的
 - registered
v. 题写；雕刻；内切（inscribe的过去分词）
 - graven

Word: jaguar
Front: jaguar
[ˈdʒægjuə(r)] (16847/8116)
Back: n. <动>（中、南美洲的）美洲虎
分布：名词(100%)
→来自南美土著语jaguara,野兽，大型捕食动物。引申词义美洲虎，美洲豹。
US [-ju:.ɑ:r] noun countable
■a large wild animal of the cat family which lives in Central and South America 美洲豹，美洲虎
n. [脊椎] 美洲虎
 - American tiger

Word: leathery
Front: leathery
[ˈleðəri] (18997/22997)
Back: adj. 似皮革的，坚韧的
分布：皮质的(38%)，皮般强韧的(37%)，皮似的(25%)
→来自leather,皮革。
US [-ɚ-] adjective
■with the look and feel of leather 像皮革的；粗糙坚韧的
• leathery skin/hands 粗糙的皮肤／双手
adj. 似皮革的，皮质的；坚韧如皮革的
 - cortical, coriaceous

Word: cheating
Front: cheating
[tʃi:tɪŋ] (19016/33193)
Back: adj. 欺骗的
v. 欺骗，哄骗( cheat的现在分词 ); （尤指在游戏、比赛、考试等中）欺诈; 作弊; 已婚或有固定性伙伴的人与他人有秘密性关系
分布：欺骗行为(89%)，动词cheat的现在分词.(11%)
VERB
作弊;舞弊;弄虚作假
When someone cheats, they do not obey a set of rules which they should be obeying, for example in a game or exam.
例：Students may be tempted to cheat in order to get into top schools.为了能进入一流学校，学生们会忍不住想作弊。
N-COUNT
作弊者;弄虚作假的人
Someone who is a cheat does not obey a set of rules which they should be obeying.
例：Cheats will be disqualified.弄虚作假者将被取消资格。
VERB
骗取；骗得
If someone cheats you out of something, they get it from you by behaving dishonestly.
例：The company engaged in a deliberate effort to cheat them out of their pensions...公司涉嫌蓄意骗取他们的养老金。
例：Many brokers were charged with cheating customers in commodity trades.许多经纪人被指控在商品交易中欺骗顾客。
PHRASE
九死一生;幸免于难
If you say that someone cheats death, you mean they only just avoid being killed.
例：He cheated death when he was rescued from the roof of his blazing cottage.他被人从他那熊熊燃烧的棚屋顶上救了下来，捡了条命。
PHRASE
感觉失望;觉得受委屈
If you feel cheated, you feel that you have been let down or treated unfairly.
例：The storyline is fatally compromised by an ending that leaves you feeling horribly cheated.故事结尾让人很失望，这样的结尾严重削弱了故事情节。
n. 行骗，欺骗行为
 - imposturing
adj. 欺骗的
 - deceitful, double-tongued

Word: cackle
Front: cackle
[ˈkækl] (18985/23398)
Vocabulary: cackle
(once / 2638 pages)
vn
To cackle is to laugh in a loud, harsh way. Your dad's jokes might be so bad that they're funny, making you cackle every time.
When you cackle, people hear you — it's annoying to sit in an otherwise quiet restaurant beside a table of people who talk and cackle raucously. The sound the cacklers make can also be called a cackle, a squawking laugh that a chicken might make. Experts think there may be a connection between cackle and the Middle Dutch word for "jaw," kake, but it's most likely to be imitative, a word that sounds just like the noise it describes.
WORD FAMILY
cackle: cackled, cackler, cackles, cackling, cackly+/cackler: cacklers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The teenagers were hoping to catch sight of a cackling goose.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
And the sound of that cackle following me down the hall.
Seattle Times(Dec 06, 2016)
"I look upon him as my big brother now, even though I am older than him," he says, with a throaty cackle.
BBC(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. （母鸡的）咯咯声; 咯咯的笑声; 刺耳的谈笑声; 停止闲谈开始做事
vi. 发出咯咯声
vt. 饶舌，叽叽呱呱地讲; 格格笑着表示
时态：cackled, cackling, cackles
分布：喋喋不休(33%)，咯咯的笑声(26%)，咯咯叫声(17%)，咯咯地叫(8%)，格格地笑(8%)，饶舌 闲谈(8%)
→拟声词，模仿公鸡的叫声。
verb intransitive
■to make the loud, unpleasant sound of a chicken （鸡）咯咯叫
• The hens cackled in alarm. 母鸡惊慌得咯咯叫。
■disapproving
■to laugh in a loud, high voice 嘎嘎大笑
• A group of women were cackling in a corner. 一群妇女在角落里嘎嘎地笑。
• a cackling witch 嘎嘎大笑的女巫
n. 饶舌；咯咯声；闲谈
 - newsiness, garrulity
vi. 咯咯叫；喋喋不休；饶舌
 - harp on, go on about sth
vt. 格格笑著表示；喋喋不休地说
 - rattle on, rattle away

Word: whispered
Front: whispered
['wɪspəd] (18975/22773)
Back: adj. <医>耳语的，低语的
v. 低声说( whisper的过去式和过去分词 ); 私语; 小声说; 私下说
分布：耳语的(47%)，小声的(38%)，动词whisper的过去式和过去分词.(15%)
VERB
低声说;悄悄说;耳语
When you whisper, you say something very quietly, using your breath rather than your throat, so that only one person can hear you.
例：'Keep your voice down,' I whispered...我轻声说：“小声点儿。”
例：She sat on Rossi's knee as he whispered in her ear...她坐在罗西的膝盖上，听他低声耳语。
VERB
私下谈论；谣传
If people whisper about a piece of information, they talk about it, although it might not be true or accurate, or might be a secret.
例：Today, we no longer gasp when we hear a teenage girl is pregnant or whisper about unmarried couples who live together...今天，我们听到未成年少女怀孕时不会再感到惊讶，也不会再去私下谈论谁谁未婚同居。
例：It is whispered that he intended to resign...据传他打算辞职。
VERB
发出低沉而轻微的声音；沙沙（或飒飒）作响
If something whispers, it makes a low quiet sound which can only just be heard.
例：The cold breeze moved through the bushes around him, whispering just loud enough to obscure the chanting...冷飕飕的风吹动着他周边的矮树丛，沙沙声刚好盖过了吟唱的声音。
例：The car's tires whispered through the puddles.穿过水坑时汽车的轮胎发出呜呜声。

Word: plaintive
Front: plaintive
[ˈpleɪntɪv] (雅宝 19048/20476 -1)
Vocabulary: plaintive
(once / 1021 pages)
adj
Plaintive is an adjective for describing someone or something with a pleading, sorrowful, desperate tone. If you have ever heard the plaintive howl of a wolf, then you know what we are getting at here.
A plaint, as in complaint, is an expression of sorrow or grief. This word has also been bent a little at the ends to become plaintiff, or complainant—the sufferer—in a lawsuit. So, whether you are hearing a plaintive tone in a courtroom, at a funeral, or in the wild (as in an animal's plaintive howl), you can be assured that someone or something desires something desperately.
WORD FAMILY
plaintive: plaintively, plaintiveness, plaintivest
USAGE EXAMPLES
He still sang, but only naats, plaintive poems that praise the Prophet Muhammad, set to faint orchestral accompaniment.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 08, 2016)
A cock was crowing, a drawn-out, plaintive sound that seemed very close close by.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
The men and women, usually seated, face forward with neutral expressions turned sober, plaintive even, by peculiar eyes shaped like warped peapods.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 悲哀的，哀怨的; 哭诉的; 可怜的; 忧郁的
分布：哀伤的(50%)，可怜的(50%)
→来自plaint,哀伤，悲痛，-iff,形容词后缀。
痛苦的,伤心的(plaint+ive)[plaint=complain,表示"抱怨"]
伤心的(plaint悲伤)[-ive 1.表形容词2.表名词后缀,"人或物"]
US [-tˌɪv] adjective
■describes something which sounds slightly sad 伤感的
• the plaintive sound of the bagpipes 悲凉的风笛声
• "What about me?" came a plaintive voice. “我怎么办？”一个忧伤的声音问道。
adj. 哀伤的；悲哀的
 - sad, sorrow-stricken

Word: poke
Front: poke
[pəʊk] (研四六雅宝 4702/6486 -1)
Vocabulary: poke
(once / 419 pages)
1vn 2v 3n 4n 5n
A poke is a jab or a sharp push, usually with something thin or pointed, like a finger, a stick, or even an elbow.
The main idea behind a poke is a prodding action that creates a depression or hole, as when you poke someone in the ribs with your finger. It can also mean a quick, sharp movement, like when a turtle pokes its head out of its shell. Still, the word often has a less-than-pleasant feeling to it, like something not really dangerous but still annoying. We often say a tolerable experience is "better than a poke in the eye with a sharp stick." It can also take on a more figurative meaning — when you "poke your nose into someone else's business," it means that you are intruding in another's private matters.
WORD FAMILY
poke: poked, poker, pokes, pokey, poking, poky +/ poker: pokers/pokey: pokeys/poking: pokings/ poky: pokier, pokies, pokiest, pokily
USAGE EXAMPLES
On the first Wham! album, “Fantastic,” from 1983, they poked around in styles from disco to rap.
The New Yorker(Dec 26, 2016)
He was unashamed, unapologetic and ready to poke fun at himself even as he produced a steady stream of hits.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Kane poked in a rebound in front of the crease with 3:05 left in the second to tie the game at 2.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: vt. 戳，捅; 推; 拨火; 〈美俚〉打，殴
vi. 刺，戳; 刺探，干涉; 伸出; 闲逛
n. 刺，戳; 殴打; 袋子; 懒汉
时态：poked, poking, pokes
分布：戳(39%)，刺(23%)，捅(13%)，伸出(13%)，拨开(5%)，拨(5%)，钱袋(2%)
→词源不确定，可能来自中古德语poken,捅，来自Proto-Germanic*puk,捅，可能为拟声词。
n.刺,戳,懒汉,袋子v.戳,刺,伸出,刺探,闲荡He poked at the frog with a stick.他用棍子戳青蛙.
【记】po破，ke课：如果有老师上破课，大家就用手戳他。
US [poʊk] verb
PUSH 推
transitive
■to push a finger or other pointed object quickly into someone or something 戳，刺，捅
• You'll poke someone in the eye with that umbrella if you're not careful! 你不小心的话伞尖会戳到别人眼睛的！
• Two kids were poking a stick into the drain. 两个孩子正在把一根棍子插到排水管里面去。
UK [pəʊk] US [poʊk] verb
APPEAR 出现
intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep]
■to (cause something to) appear or stretch out from behind or through something else （使）伸出来，（使）探出来
• Cathy poked her head round the door to say hello. 凯茜从门后探出头来打招呼。
• The first green shoots are poking up/through the soil. 第一批绿芽破土而出。
UK [pəʊk] US [poʊk] verb
poke fun at sb
■to make someone seem stupid by making jokes about them or laughing unkindly at them 取笑（某人），奚落（某人）
UK [pəʊk] US [poʊk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  poke around (UK also poke about) informal
■to search for something by moving things about, usually not in a very careful or organized way 搜索；翻找
• I was poking about in the drawer, looking for the key, when I found this! 我在抽屉里翻来翻去找锁匙，就在这时找到了这个！
UK [pəʊk] US [poʊk] noun countable
■when you poke someone or something 戳，刺，捅
• She gave me a poke in the stomach. 她戳了戳我的肚子。
vi. 刺，捅；戳；伸出；刺探；闲荡
 - moon, run through
vt. 刺，捅；戳；拨开
 - stick, pink
n. 戳；刺；袋子；懒汉
 - soldier, spine

Word: framing
Front: framing
['freɪmɪŋ] (18979/22122)
Back: n. 构架; 框架; 骨架; 构架系统
分布：框架(67%)，编制(33%)
【参】framework（n 框架结构＝structure；施工架＝scaffold；（作品或观点的）基本结构）
N-COUNT
(尤指挂在墙上展示的)画框，镜框
The frame of a picture or mirror is the wood, metal, or plastic that is fitted around it, especially when it is displayed or hung on a wall.
例：Estelle kept a photograph of her mother in a silver frame on the kitchen mantelpiece.埃丝特尔把母亲的一张镶银框的照片挂在厨房壁炉台上。
例：...a pair of picture frames.一对画框
N-COUNT
框;架;骨架;框架
The frame of an object such as a building, chair, or window is the arrangement of wooden, metal, or plastic bars between which other material is fitted, and which give the object its strength and shape.
例：He supplied housebuilders with modern timber frames...他给房屋建筑商提供了现代的木构架。
例：With difficulty he released the mattress from the metal frame, and groped beneath it...他费了很大力气才把床垫从金属架上移开，然后在下面摸索。
N-COUNT
眼镜框;眼镜架
The frames of a pair of glasses are all the metal or plastic parts of it, but not the lenses.
例：He was wearing new spectacles with gold wire frames.他戴了一副新的金边眼镜。
N-COUNT
(人体的)骨架;(尤指)体形，体态
You can refer to someone's body as their frame, especially when you are describing the general shape of their body.
例：Their belts are pulled tight against their bony frames.他们的腰带紧紧裹着瘦骨嶙峋的身体。
N-COUNT
(电影的)画面，镜头
A frame of cinema film is one of the many separate photographs that it consists of.
例：Standard 8mm projects at 16 frames per second.标准的 8 毫米的胶片每秒放映16 组镜头。
ADJ
(建筑)木制的，木结构的
A frame building is one in which pieces of wood form the most important part of the structure, rather than bricks or stone.
例：He lives in a white-painted frame house behind a picket fence up in Connecticut.他住在康涅狄格州北部一个漆成白色的木制房子里，屋子前面竖着尖桩篱栅。
VERB
给…加框
When a picture or photograph is framed, it is put in a frame.
例：The picture is now ready to be mounted and framed...这幅画现在可以装裱加框了。
例：On the wall is a large framed photograph.墙上挂着一张大幅的镶框照片。
VERB
给…镶边;给…做框
If an object is framed by a particular thing, it is surrounded by that thing in a way that makes the object more striking or attractive to look at.
例：The swimming pool is framed by tropical gardens...泳池周围都是栽种热带花卉的花园。
例：An elegant occasional table is framed in the window.一张雅致的供重大活动使用的餐桌被摆放在橱窗里。
VERB
创设，拟定，制定(规则、计划或体系)
If someone frames something such as a set of rules, a plan, or a system, they create and develop it.
例：After the war, a convention was set up to frame a constitution.战后，为制定宪法组织了一次会议。
VERB
表达;表示
If someone frames something in a particular style or kind of language, they express it in that way.
例：The story is framed in a format that is part thriller, part love story...情节的展开模式既像惊险小说，又像爱情故事。
例：He framed this question three different ways in search of an answer.为了寻求答案，他以 3 种不同方式提出了这个问题。
VERB
作伪证;陷害;诬陷
If someone frames an innocent person, they make other people think that that person is guilty of a crime, by lying or inventing evidence.
例：I need to find out who tried to frame me...我得找出是谁企图诬陷我。
例：He claimed that he had been framed by the police.他声称自己被警察设计陷害了。
PHRASE
在…考虑范围内;有机会成为…
If someone is in the frame for something such as a job or position, they are being considered for it.
例：We need a win to keep us in the frame for the title.要想保住夺冠希望，我们还需要再赢一场比赛。
n. [建] 框架；设计；取景；组帧
 - programming, design
v. 制定；构造；装框子（frame的ing形式）
 - constructing

Word: ugh
Front: ugh
[ʌg, ʌk] (19025/17049 -1)
Back: int. （表示厌恶等）呸; 啊，嘿
分布：呸(100%)
exclamation
■used to express a strong feeling of disgust (= disapproval and dislike) at something very unpleasant 咳，哎呀，呸（用于表示强烈的厌恶）
• Ugh, I've got something horrible on the bottom of my shoe! 哎呀，我鞋底踩上甚么恶心的东西了！
• Ugh, I'm not eating that! 呸，我不会吃那东西的！
int. 啊；呸
 - ah, eh

Word: drowning
Front: drowning
[draʊnɪŋ] (15399/18667)
Back: n. 溺水，溺死
v. （使）淹没， （使）溺死( drown的现在分词 ); 浸透; 浸泡; 压过
分布：溺水(99%)，动词drown的现在分词.(1%)
noun countable or uncountable
■when someone dies because they are under water and cannot breathe 溺死，淹死
• There were three drownings in the lake last year. 去年这个湖里发生过三宗溺水身亡事件。
v. 淹没；（使） [外科] 淹溺；浸没（drown的ing形式）
 - overwhelming
n. 溺死
 - watery grave

Word: impassive
Front: impassive
[ɪmˈpæsɪv] (托宝 18936/16787 -1)
Vocabulary: impassive
(once / 1805 pages)
adj
Someone who doesn't seem to react — who is always "taking a pass" in the conversation of life can be described as impassive.
Impassive is tricky, as it sounds it should be the opposite of passive. It's not, though. The fact is you can be passive and impassive at the same time. When a passive person gets passed over for a promotion at work, their face might remain impassive upon hearing the news.
WORD FAMILY
impassive: impassively, impassiveness, impassivity+/impassivity: impassivities
USAGE EXAMPLES
There is an enigmatic pageant of scenes: people preparing placidly for supper; migrants playing football, impassive figures in hazmat suits silently bringing migrants’ bodies ashore.
The Guardian(Dec 09, 2016)
Typically impassive, Suh grins when talking about how the Dolphins are making the most of his talents.
Washington Times(Dec 01, 2016)
How can a man whose hobbies include motor-racing, mountaineering and the bullfight be so impassive, impeccable and grave?
BBC(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 冷漠的; 无感情的; 无意识的
分布：冷漠的(39%)，无表情的(32%)，平静的(20%)，无感情的(9%)
→im-,不，非，-pass,感情，激情，词源同passion,impassioned.
无动于衷的(im+pass感情+ive→没感情)[im-,in-①表示"不,无,非"②表示"向内,进入"]
冷漠的(im无+pass+ive→无感情的)[pass=felling表示"感情"]
无动于衷的(im无+pass感情)[-ive 1.表形容词2.表名词后缀,"人或物"]
【记】im没有，pass感情，ive－没有感情的
【区】impassioned（adj 热情洋溢的）
【反】overwrought（adj 过度紧张的；兴奋过度的）；perfervid（adj 非常热心的）；emotional（adj 情绪的；有感情的）；excitable（adj 易兴奋的）
adjective
■describes a person's face when it expresses no emotion, because they seem not to be affected by the situation they are experiencing 神情冷漠的；木然的
adj. 冷漠的；无感觉的
 - distant, apathetic

Word: pewter
Front: pewter
[ˈpju:tə(r)] (19045/20626 -1)
Back: n. [冶]白镴; 锡镴制器皿; 青灰色，灰蓝色; 奖金
adj. 白镴制的，锡镴制的; 青灰色的
分布：铅锡锑合金器皿(34%)，铅锡等合金制成的(33%)，铅锡锑合金(33%)
→来自古法语peautre,来自拉丁语*peltrum,词源可能同spelter,粗制锌，粗锌。
US [-tˌɚ] noun uncountable
■a bluish grey metal which is a mixture of tin and lead 白镴（锡和铅的合金）
• a pewter plate/tankard 白镴碟子／大酒杯
n. 白蜡；青灰色
 - bleached beeswax, cera alba
adj. 青灰色的；锡镴制的
 - caesious, livid

Word: moonlight
Front: moonlight
[ˈmu:nlaɪt] (7941/9043 -1)
Vocabulary: moonlight
(once / 309 pages)
1n 2v
Moonlight is literally the light we can see shining from the moon, but to moonlight is to work a second job. Get it? You have to work in the moonlight because there aren’t enough hours in the day.
Moonlight is the reflection of the sun off the moon's surface — a clear sky and a full moon provide brilliant moonlight. Smugglers hate moonlight. If you moonlight, you work a second job, and it doesn’t have to be at night. If your history teacher also works as a mascot for a baseball team, he moonlights as a dancing bear. As a verb, it used to mean “commit crimes at night,” but now just means “to work a second job.”
WORD FAMILY
moonlight: moonlighted, moonlighter, moonlighting, moonlights+/moonlighter: moonlighters
USAGE EXAMPLES
Background of poster for the movie “Moonlight”; 16.
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
“Illuminating ‘Moonlight’” includes that film, Mr. Jenkins’s earlier work, and movies that influenced him.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Also there: “Rogue One 3D,” “Collateral Beauty,” “Nocturnal Animals,” “Arrival” and “Moonlight.”
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 月光
vi. 兼职
时态：moonlighted, moonlighting, moonlights
分布：月光(96%)，兼职(3%)，夜间的(1%)
→比喻用法。
noun uncountable
■the pale light of the moon 月光
• The young lovers sat in the moonlight. 年轻的情侣在月光下对坐。
['mu:n.laɪt] noun uncountable
do a moonlight flit UK informal
■to leave secretly, especially to avoid paying money that you owe （尤指为躲债而）潜逃，偷偷逃掉
• When he discovered the police were after him, he did a moonlight flit. 他发现警方在追踪他，就偷偷逃掉了。
['mu:n.laɪt] verb intransitive (moonlighted, moonlighted)
■to work at an extra job, especially without telling your main employer （尤指瞒着雇主）从事第二职业，兼职
• A qualified teacher, he moonlighted as a cabbie in the evenings to pay the rent. 他是个有执教证书的教师，晚上兼职开计程车以赚钱付房租。

Word: blasphemy
Front: blasphemy
[ˈblæsfəmi] (宝 19070/15818 -1)
Vocabulary: blasphemy
(once / 1043 pages)
n
Saying offensive things about God or religion is blasphemy. Blasphemy can be used for offensive ideas in other areas too.
If you're saying something bad about a god, or taking the Lord's name in vain, or questioning a religious institution in any way, you could be accused of blasphemy — insulting something sacred. You can use this word in a lot of other ways too. At a meeting of conservatives, a liberal idea could be considered blasphemy (and vice versa). You might even jokingly cry "Blasphemy!" if a friend said your favorite ice cream flavor stinks.
WORD FAMILY
blasphemy: blasphemies, blasphemous +/ blasphemous: blasphemously
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It felt like blasphemy to put a camera in his face,” he told the Chronicle Magazine at the Lewis & Clark private university.
Time(Dec 30, 2016)
Mr. Basuki denies accusations of blasphemy stemming from his citation of a Quranic verse during a public address in September.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 25, 2016)
If Asia Bibi's appeal is rejected by the Supreme Court, she will become the first woman in Pakistan to be executed for blasphemy.
BBC(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 对上帝的亵渎，亵渎的言词[行为]; 侮慢的言词（或行为）
分布：亵渎神明(79%)，亵渎神明的言词(21%)
亵渎神灵(blas+phemy神的显示)[blas=bamage(毁坏)]
亵渎(blas坏+phem+y-讲坏话)[phem=speech(讲话)]
【记】1）blas＝blame责备，phem出现－出现责备－亵渎2）blas＝blast（毁灭），phemy读：佛弥。毁灭佛爷－亵渎
【参】blasphemous（adj 亵渎神明的）；phenomenon（n 现象；奇迹）
noun countable or uncountable
■something which you say or do that shows you do not respect God or a religion （对上帝或宗教的）亵渎；亵渎的言行；侮慢的言行
• to be accused of blasphemy 被谴责亵渎上帝
• figurative humorous Elvis Presley fans think that any criticism of him is blasphemy. 猫王普里斯莱的歌迷们认为对他的任何批评都是对他的不敬。

Word: bridle
Front: bridle
[ˈbraɪdl] (六宝 19059/12851 -1)
Vocabulary: bridle
(once / 522 pages)
1nv 2v
When you're riding a horse and scream "Whoa!" to make it stop, you're pulling on the reins, which are attached to a thing called the bridle, the buckled straps around a horse's head that help you control its movements.
The word bridle comes from the Old English bridel meaning "rein, curb, restraint," which is precisely what the purpose of a bridle is — to help restrain a horse's movements when necessary. You can bridle a horse, which is the act of putting a bridle on it. If you yank too hard on the reins, your horse might bridle, or take offense to your aggressiveness, just like you might bridle if someone insulted you.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
bridal / bridle
Bridal is related to a bride, but bridle refers to a part of a horse's harness and what you do with it. Although the words sound the same, they run in different circles unless you're getting a horse ready for her wedding.
Bridal refers to something to do with a bride or a wedding. It comes from the Old English word brydealo for wedding feast. It's formed from bryd, for bride, and ealo, or ale, which was often drunk at wedding feasts. Here's bridal in the news:
There are bridal trends that will never go away, such as the classic white gown and the big balloon skirt. (ABC News)
Forgo the champagne treatment a bridal boutique often provides. (Associated Press)
"I wanted nothing bridal, nothing white," Mr. Alexandre said. (New York Times)
The word bridle also comes from an Old English word, meaning "to move quickly."  Used as a noun, bridle is part of a horse's harness. As a verb, it can be used to mean restrain, as you would a horse in its bridle. If you bridle at something, you're angry or offended.
Before the tent sits a cavalier, glass in hand and holding a horse by the bridle, talking to a woman standing in front of him. (Esther Singleton)
As a result, I instantly bridle at news the government could sell off these beautiful and therapeutic spaces in search of a quick buck. (BusinessGreen.com)
You can think of this form of bridal as bride + -al, and all of the stuff that goes with a wedding, but bridle is the thing that restrains a horse, and what you might do if someone tried to put a leather harness on your head.
WORD FAMILY
bridle: bridled, bridles, bridling, unbridle+/unbridle: unbridled, unbridles, unbridling
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Every time he saw a horse around him he jumped into the bridle.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 08, 2016)
The Kremlin had strained relations with McFaul when he was ambassador, bridling at his contacts with the opposition.
Reuters(Nov 12, 2016)
Forever Bridled finished third, while Stellar Wind, the second-favourite behind Songbird, was only fourth.
The Guardian(Nov 04, 2016)
Back: n. 约束; 缰绳; 系带; [航]系船索（链）
vt. 抑制，约束; 给…套笼头; 仰头，昂首
vi. 昂首表示轻蔑; 动怒，生气
时态：bridled, bridling, bridles
分布：动怒(50%)，给 ... 套笼头(50%)
【记】1）bride（n 新娘），婚后新娘会控制新郎，成为半边天。2）读：不愿动。因为被抑制，控制了。3）来自ride骑，前边有个b不：不骑。用马笼头来实现。
【反】without restraint（没有控制）
noun countable
■a set of leather strips that are put around a horse's head to allow its rider to control it 马笼头；马勒
['braɪ.dl] verb
SHOW ANGER 生气
intransitive
■to show sudden anger 动怒，发火
• She bridled at the suggestion that she had been dishonest. 有人暗指她曾经不诚实，这使她大为光火。
['braɪ.dl] verb
CONTROL ANIMAL 限制动物
transitive
■to put a bridle on a horse or similar animal 为（马或其他类似动物）装上马笼头
• Polly saddled and bridled her favourite horse. 波莉给她最喜爱的马装上马鞍和笼头。
bridle, check, refrain, curb, inhibit, restrain
这组词都有“阻止、抑制、制止”的意思，其区别是：
bridle: 指抑制住强烈的感情或欲望。
check: 多指阻止前进或继续发展。
refrain: 常指暂时对某种行动或冲动的抑制。
curb: 可指急剧或果断的制止，也可指用严格的方法加以控制。
inhibit: 主要指抑制愿望、情绪或念头，也指制止某物的蔓延。
restrain: 含义广，指用强力或权力去阻止或限制某人做某事。
n. 缰绳；马勒；系带；约束物
 - trace, haltere
vt. 控制；给装马勒
 - possess, contain, regulate, bit, bottle
vi. 昂首表示轻蔑；生气
 - pet, take offense

Word: rockfish
Front: rockfish
['rɒkˌfɪʃ] (18798/-)
Back: n. 岩鱼（各种栖于礁石中的鱼类）
分布：各种栖于礁石中的鱼类(100%)

Word: ruthlessly
Front: ruthlessly
['ru:θləslɪ] (19082/14024)
Back: adv. 无情地，冷酷地，残忍地
分布：冷酷的(34%)，无情的(33%)，残忍的(33%)
ADJ-GRADED
无情的;残忍的;冷酷的
If you say that someone is ruthless, you mean that you disapprove of them because they are very harsh or cruel, and will do anything that is necessary to achieve what they want.
例：The President was ruthless in dealing with any hint of internal political dissent.在处理任何内部政治分歧的苗头时，总统都毫不留情。
例：...an invasion by a ruthless totalitarian power...残忍的极权主义国家的侵略
ADJ-GRADED
(行为等)坚决的，果断的，不留情面的
A ruthless action or activity is done forcefully and thoroughly, without much concern for its effects on other people.
例：Her lawyers have been ruthless in thrashing out a divorce settlement...她的律师在讨论离婚协议的过程中表现得非常坚决。
例：Successfully merging two banks requires a fast and ruthless attack on costs.成功合并两家银行需要坚决快速地着手解决费用问题。
adv. 无情地；残忍地；冷酷地
 - inexorably, heartlessly

Word: comatose
Front: comatose
[ˈkəʊmətəʊs] (宝 19074/32753)
Vocabulary: comatose
(once / 19634 pages)
adj
Being comatose is being in a coma, unconscious and unable to communicate, often for long periods of time. A bad illness or unexpected accident or injury — especially to the head — can make you comatose and trapped inside a body that isn't working.
Comatose comes from the Greek kōma, "deep sleep." When you're in a deep sleep, your body is still and you don't respond to things around you. Being comatose means being in that sleepy, unresponsive state and not being able to get out of it. A much less serious use of this adjective is as a description for getting really tired while doing or watching something, like when you feel comatose after a chemistry lecture — assuming chemistry's not your thing.
WORD FAMILY
comatose: comatoseness, semicomatose
USAGE EXAMPLES
The talks, as he put it, are comatose, with no prospects of advancing negotiations in any new areas over the next few months.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 01, 2016)
It left me drooling and nearly comatose; I had to sleep 16 to 18 hours a day.
New York Times(Nov 23, 2016)
Jones has been sharing the photos and messages with Addison, who has been comatose for about four weeks.
Washington Times(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 昏迷的; 不省人事的; 昏昏沉沉的; 昏昏欲睡的
分布：昏迷的(67%)，昏睡状态的(33%)
→来自coma, 昏迷。
US ['koʊ.mə.toʊs] adjective specialized
■in a coma 不省人事的，昏迷的
■informal
■very tired or in a deep sleep because of extreme tiredness, hard work or too much alcohol （因极度疲倦、劳累或酗酒而）极困倦的，昏睡的
• By midnight I was virtually comatose. 到了午夜时分，我差不多昏睡过去了。
adj. [医] 昏迷的；昏睡状态的；麻木的；怠惰的
 - stupid, asleep, lazy

Word: diatribe
Front: diatribe
[ˈdaɪətraɪb] (宝 19083/21388)
Vocabulary: diatribe
(once / 8578 pages)
n
It's pretty overwhelming when you ask your friend a seemingly innocuous question, like "Do you like hot dogs?" and she unleashes a diatribe about the evils of eating meat. A diatribe is an angry, critical speech.
This noun has its roots in the Greek diatribē, "pastime or lecture," from diatrībein, "to waste time or wear away," combining dia-, "thoroughly," and trībein, "to rub." So the origin of the word diatribe is connected to both serious study and the spending or wasting of time. With most diatribes, the speaker thinks he's well informed and knows something the listener doesn't, while to most listeners the diatribe is so angry and unhinged that it's just a waste of time.
WORD FAMILY
diatribe: diatribes
USAGE EXAMPLES
And a top national security official who values dialogue over diatribes is what we need to put the brakes on Trump’s most frightening counterterrorism proposals.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Occasionally his scorn is well-placed—he correctly pegs many New Atheist diatribes as humorless—but elsewhere he wastes time shooting at small targets.
Slate(Dec 05, 2016)
“The Field of Fight” reflects these sides of him, oscillating between straightforward analysis and vague, impassioned diatribes, untroubled by contradictions or evolutions.
Washington Post(Nov 22, 2016)
Back: n. 谩骂，讽刺
分布：长篇抨击(75%)，长时间谩骂(25%)
→来自希腊语diatribe,消磨时间，学习，探讨，dia-, 穿过，整个的，-tri, 磨，转，词源同turn, attrition. 后词义贬义化，引申词义长篇抨击。
【记】dia2，tribe摩－2个人对着摩擦－抨击
【参】tribune（n 论坛）；contrite（adj 深感懊悔的）
【反】encomium（n 赞辞；称赞）；eulogy（n 赞词；颂词）；laudatory piece of writing（赞扬性的文章）
['daɪ.ə.traɪb] formal
noun countable
■an angry speech or piece of writing which severely criticizes something or someone 怒斥，抨击；檄文
• He launched into a long diatribe against the government's policies. 他开始长篇大论地抨击政府的政策。
n. 诽谤；恶骂
 - scandal, personalities

Word: intensified
Front: intensified
[inˈtensifaid] (19058/19575)
Vocabulary: intensified
(once / 1568 pages)
adj
Use the adjective intensified to describe something that has become stronger or faster, like an intensified effort that brought a football team back from near-certain defeat.
To correctly pronounce intensified, accent the second syllable: "in-TEN-suh-fied." Intensified is the adjective form of the verb intensify, which means "to make stronger, sharper, deeper" or "to heighten." So something that is intensified has been made stronger, sharper, or deeper, or has been heightened, like an intensified search for a missing person.
WORD FAMILY
intensify: intensification, intensified, intensifier, intensifies, intensifying +/ intensification: intensifications/intensifier: intensifiers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Reliability improves because of intensified repairs and maintenance under the SafeTrack program.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
When he responded that it was not unusual for a buyout group to be rewarded with 20 percent of the company, the criticism intensified.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Their desire to stay is only intensified by Joe’s illness: He’s battled brain cancer for four years.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: v. （使）增强， （使）加剧( intensify的过去式和过去分词 )
分布：强化(44%)，加剧(38%)，增强(18%)
V-ERG
加强;强化;加剧
If you intensify something or if it intensifies, it becomes greater in strength, amount, or degree.
例：Britain is intensifying its efforts to secure the release of the hostages...英国正加紧努力确保人质的获释。
例：The conflict is almost bound to intensify...冲突几乎注定会加剧。

Word: sunspot
Front: sunspot
[ˈsʌnspɒt] (19264/29879)
Back: n. 太阳黑子; 雀斑
分布：黑子(98%)，太阳的黑点(2%)
→sun,太阳，spot,斑点。比喻用法。
US [-spɑ:t] noun countable
■a dark spot on the surface of the sun which appears for a few days or weeks and then disappears 太阳黑子
n. [天] 太阳黑子；雀斑
 - macula, ephelis

Word: stiletto
Front: stiletto
[stɪˈletəʊ] (18996/23022)
Vocabulary: stiletto
(once / 7870 pages)
n
A killer in an old British mystery novel might carry a stiletto — a long, sharp, needle-like knife that's used for stabbing.
Whether denoting a small dagger, a high heel, or sharp-pointed tool, this word from Italian always means business. It follows the rule, reliable ninety percent of the time, when doubts arise about spelling Italian imports: the double consonant follows the accented syllable. The root is the Latin word stilus, which means "pointed writing instrument."
WORD FAMILY
stiletto: stilettos
USAGE EXAMPLES
Her hair was in a low ponytail; she wore bright red lipstick and black stiletto pumps.
Washington Post(Dec 11, 2016)
She wore a black cocktail dress and silver stilettos.
New York Times(Dec 02, 2016)
The poster of a nurse holding a bloodied stiletto would appear patronising and sexist to many people today.
BBC(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 短剑; 细高跟鞋; 打眼锥
分布：细高跟鞋(67%)，小剑(33%)
→来自意大利语 stiletto,小词形式于 stilo,短剑，匕首，来自拉丁语 stilus,尖刺，书写工具，词 源同 style,stylus.引申词义细高跟。
【记】读：still来偷－我已经有了stiletto，你还still来偷我的东西。
US [-'le.oʊ] (plural stilettos)
noun countable
■a woman's shoe with a narrow high heel 细高跟女鞋
• She was wearing a short skirt and stilettos. 她穿着短裙和细高跟鞋。
• stiletto heels 细高跟
n. 匕首；小剑；细高跟女鞋
 - knife, coutel

Word: resound
Front: resound
[rɪˈzaʊnd] (宝 19086/19754)
Vocabulary: resound
(once / 728 pages)
v
To resound is to echo with sounds, usually loudly. When you sing in the shower, your voice resounds.
If you remember that re means again, then resounding makes a lot of sense: it's what happens when a sound rings out or echoes. A loud, booming voice is more likely to resound than a little whisper. If you stand on a building, yell your name, and then here it again, it resounded. Resounding is also called echoing, ringing, and reverberating. If you've ever heard a ring announcer, the microphone helps his or her voice resound to the crowd.
WORD FAMILY
resound: resounded, resounding, resounds+/resounding: resoundingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
But after resounding defeat in elections early this year, the KMT struggles for relevance on an island that is proud of its separateness from China.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
The most resounding judgment of the scheme will be delivered early this year when elections are held in Uttar Pradesh.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
No more playing this season, one that dipped and rolled and rose, only to end with a most resounding thud.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vi. （指声音等）回荡于某处; 产生回响; （指某处）回荡着声音
时态：resounded, resounding, resounds
分布：鸣响(79%)，驰名(21%)
→re-,向后，往回，sound,声音。
【记】re反复，sound声音－巨响
verb intransitive
■to sound loudly or for a long time, or (of a place) to be filled with sound 鸣响，回响，回荡；（地方）回荡着声音，引起回响
• The noise of the fire alarm resounded through/throughout the building. 火灾警报声在整幢大楼中回荡。
• The concert hall resounded with cheers and applause. 音乐厅内回响着喝彩声和掌声。
⇒ See also resonate
vi. 回响；鸣响；被传颂
 - ring, sound
vt. 回响；传颂；大声讲
 - talk up

Word: floor
Front: floor
[flɔ:(r)] (中高 639/791 -K4)
Vocabulary: floor
(once / 56 pages)
1n 2n 3n 4n 5n 6v
A floor is the surface at the very bottom, or base, of a room. When you lie on your back on the floor, you are looking up at the ceiling.
Your living room floor might be covered with carpet, while the floor of your tent is probably canvas or nylon. While a floor is the bottom of a structure, it's also the lowest surface of the ocean: "Crabs scuttle across the ocean floor." If you live in a dorm or stay in a hotel, your floor is the level of the building where your room is located. Informally, if something floors you, it confounds or confuses you.
WORD FAMILY
floor: floored, flooring, floors+/flooring: floorings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Authorities say 48-year-old Maria Cartagena jumped from the fourth or fifth floor and died.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Summers says the victims became trapped on the second floor.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Ryan will almost certainly re-emerge as speaker in Tuesday’s floor vote.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 地面，地板; 楼层; 底部; 议员席
vt. 铺地板; 击败，打倒
时态：floored, flooring, floors
分布：地板(79%)，地面(11%)，楼层(5%)，铺地板(2%)，底部(2%)，击倒(1%)
→来自plaros, 平的表面，来自pele的扩大形式，词源同flat, plan. 用来指地板。
n.地板,(楼房)的层The poor man in poverty sleeps on the floor at the doorway.那个贫困的可怜人睡在门口的地板上.
US [flɔ:r] noun
SURFACE 表面
 ESSENTIAL countable usually singular
■the flat surface of a room on which you walk （房间的）地板，地面
• The floor was partly covered with a dirty old rug. 部分地板上铺着肮脏的旧地毯。
• The bathroom floor needs cleaning. 浴室地面需要清洁。
• The children sat playing on the floor. 孩子们正坐在地板上玩。
• There's barely enough floor space to fit a bed in this room. 这个房间的面积几乎放不下一张床。
UK [flɔ:r] US [flɔ:r] noun
LEVEL OF BUILDING 楼层
 ESSENTIAL countable
■a level of a building 楼层
• This building has five floors. 这栋大楼有五层。
• Take the elevator to the 51st floor. 乘电梯到52层。
• We live on the third floor. 我们住在四楼。
• a ground floor apartment 底层的一间公寓
  Common Learner Errors  floorRemember: to talk about the particular level of a building where something is, the correct preposition is on. Don't say 'in the... floor' or 'at the... floor', say on the... floor :
✗ Their office is in the 12th floor. Their office is on the 12th floor.
UK [flɔ:r] US [flɔ:r] noun
OPEN SPACE 开放的空间
 ADVANCED countable usually singular
■a public space for activities such as dancing and having formal discussions （活动的）场所
• a dance floor 舞池
• The new proposal will be discussed on the floor of the House of Commons (= in Parliament) tomorrow. 新提案将于明天在下议院会议厅讨论。
• He spent several years working on the factory floor (= in the factory) before becoming a manager. 在成为经理之前，他在工厂里工作过几年。
• The chairman said that he would now take questions from the floor (= from the audience). 主席说他现在接受与会者的提问。
have the floor
■to have the right to speak 取得发言权，发言
• Silence, please, the Prime Minister has the floor. 请安静，首相要发言了。
take (to) the floor
■to stand and begin to dance 起身跳舞
• The Prince and Princess were the first to take the floor. 王子与王妃最先起身跳舞。
take the floor
■start speaking 开始发言
• The Chancellor of the Exchequer will take the floor for his Budget speech at 3.00 p.m. 下午三点财政大臣将会作财政预算报告。
UK [flɔ:r] US [flɔ:r] noun
BOTTOM 底部
the floor
■the bottom surface of the sea, a forest, a cave, etc （海、森林、洞穴等的）底部
• the floor of the ocean/the ocean floor 海底
UK [flɔ:r] US [flɔ:r] noun
go through the floor
■to fall to very low levels 降至很低的程度
• House prices have gone through the floor this year. 今年房价已经降到了极低的水准。
UK [flɔ:r] US [flɔ:r] verb
HIT 击倒
transitive
■to hit someone and cause them to fall 击倒；打倒
• He was floored with a single punch to the head. 打中头部的一拳就把他击倒在地。
UK [flɔ:r] US [flɔ:r] verb
SURPRISE/CONFUSE 惊奇／困惑
transitive often passive informal
■to surprise or confuse someone so much that they are unable to think what to say or do next 使惊讶得不知所措；使困惑
• I didn't know what to say - I was completely floored. 我不知道说甚么——我完全被弄糊涂了。
floor, storey
这组词都有“楼层”的意思，其区别是：
floor: 指某一座高层建筑物的某一层。
storey: 通常仅用以表示某一建筑的高度。
n. [建] 地板，地面；楼层；基底；议员席
 - land, storey
vt. [建] 铺地板；打倒，击倒；（被困难）难倒
 - fall, down with

Word: keypad
Front: keypad
[ˈki:pæd] (19040/34470)
Back: n. 键区
分布：名词(100%)
→key,键盘，pad,衬垫，面板。引申词义电话按键。
noun countable
■a small set of keys with numbers on them used to operate a television, telephone, calculator , etc., or the keys with numbers on them usually found on the right side of a computer keyboard （电视、电话、计算机等的）数字小键盘；（电脑键盘右侧的）辅助键盘
n. 按键；小型键盘
 - keystoke, key-press

Word: thud
Front: thud
[θʌd] (12740/16131 -1)
Vocabulary: thud
(once / 1498 pages)
nv
To thud is to make the loud sound of something heavy hitting or falling. Tip your chair too far back and your body may thud against the floor.
Throw an egg off a balcony onto the pavement below, and it will splat, but throw a heavy dumbbell off the same balcony and it will thud — you can call the sound it makes a thud as well. The verb originally meant "to strike, stab, or thrust," from the Old English imitative word þyddan, and the noun was used to mean "blast of wind" in the early sixteenth century.
WORD FAMILY
thud: thudded, thudding, thuds+/thudding: thuddingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
No more playing this season, one that dipped and rolled and rose, only to end with a most resounding thud.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
He spins around again and puts it down in front of him with a thud.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
A beloved Midwestern burger chain landed in downtown Seattle with a resounding thud, according to a controversial review by food writer Bethany Jean Clement.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 重击声; 砰的一声
v. 砰然下落; 发出砰声
时态：thudded, thudding, thuds
分布：砰的一声(80%)，重击声(10%)，发出砰的一声(10%)
noun countable
■the sound that is made when something heavy falls or hits something else 砰的一声；重击声；沉闷的声响
• The boy fell to the ground with a thud. 男孩重重地摔倒在地上。
• I could hear the thud of horses' hooves down the track. 我可以听到跑道上响起的马蹄声。
n. 砰的一声；重击
 - pound, devel

Word: summarily
Front: summarily
['sʌmərəlɪ] (宝 19090/18801)
Back: adv. 概括地; 即刻地; 简单（化）地; 草率地
分布：概括地(67%)，立刻地(33%)
【记】summary（adj 概括的），ly
【反】after long deliberation（长时间考虑的）
N-COUNT
总结;摘要;概括
A summary of something is a short account of it, which gives the main points but not the details.
例：What follows is a brief summary of the process...接下来是对此流程的一个简短概括。
例：Here's a summary of the day's news...下面是今日新闻简报。
ADJ
从速的;即决的;草草的
Summary actions are done without delay, often when something else should have been done first or done instead.
例：It says torture and summary execution are common...那上面称酷刑和草草处决很常见。
例：There is no doubt that some considered that a beating was no more than summary justice...毫无疑问，有人认为拷打比草菅人命好不到哪去。
adv. 概要地；立刻；概略地
 - soon, immediately, now, shortly, roughly

Word: agribusiness
Front: agribusiness
[ˈægrɪbɪznəs] (18875/36329)
Back: n. 农业综合企业
分布：农业综合企业(100%)
['æg.riˌbɪz.nɪs] specialized
noun uncountable
■the various businesses that are connected with producing, preparing and selling farm products （生产、加工和销售农产品的）农业综合企业，农工联合企业
n. [农经] 农业综合企业（包括农业设备、用品的制造、农产品的产销、制造加工等）
 - agrobusiness

Word: self-help
Front: self-help
[ˌselfˈhelp] (-1)
Back: n. 自助，自立; 自救行为
分布：自助(84%)，自助的(11%)，自立(4%)，自立的(1%)
adjective noun uncountable
■the activity of providing what you need for yourself and others with similar experiences or difficulties without going to an official organization 自助（的）；自救（的）
• It is a group providing self-help for single parents. 这是一个为单亲父母提供自助的团体。
• [before noun] self-help groups 自助小组
adj. 自助的
 - buffet

Word: headliner
Front: headliner
['hedˌlaɪnə] (19062/49152)
Vocabulary: headliner
(once / 14738 pages)
n
A headliner is the main act. At a rock concert, you usually have to sit through an opening band or two before the headliner comes on stage.
The headliner is the biggest star or the main event. The headliner at a jazz festival is the most popular performer, the one most audience members came to see, and the headliner of a musical theater review is the star of the show. In the early 1890's, a headliner worked for a newspaper — the word originally meant "one who writes headlines." By the end of that decade, it had come to also mean "one who stars in a performance."
WORD FAMILY
headliner: headliners+/ headline: headlined, headliner, headlines, headlining
USAGE EXAMPLES
The three are the headliners, but Rose also hired their high school coach Quincy Lewis as an assistant last year.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
The addition of women this time is no revisionism - female magicians were often headliners in magic’s golden age.
Washington Times(Dec 01, 2016)
The addition of women this time is no revisionism — female magicians were often headliners in magic’s golden age.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. （报纸）写标题的记者
分布：明星(67%)，受到大力宣传的演员(33%)
N-COUNT
（演出中的）主要演员，主角
A headliner is the main performer or group of performers in a show.
例：We have introduced singers like Madeline Bell as headliners and I think the club is beginning to take off.我们已经聘请了马德琳·贝尔等歌手担任主唱，我认为俱乐部马上就会有起色了。

Word: archive
Front: archive
[ˈɑ:kaɪv] (研宝 6515/4821 -2)
Vocabulary: archive
(once / 498 pages)
nv
An archive is a collection of older things — documents, books, movies, or something else — that's meant to preserve them. Archives tell us about history.
An archive involves old stuff — specifically, a collection of old stuff, often put together by a librarian. Newspaper archives collect old newspapers, usually all copies of a paper from a certain date onward. There are movie and music archives. Most museums have many types of archives within them. And it's always a good idea to keep an archive of important files on your computer. When you put something in an archive, you're archiving it.
WORD FAMILY
archive: archival, archived, archives, archiving, archivist+/archivist: archivists
USAGE EXAMPLES
One of them, a historian on the archives staff who was writing a book on the de Carvajal family, accused a rival of the theft.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Jonathan Lethem, 52, recently became the latest author to sell his personal paper trail to a major archive.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Some appear to be in good condition but were conserved using a 1940s process that is slowly degrading the documents housed in the temperature-controlled archives.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: v. 存档
n. 档案文件; 档案室
时态：archived, archiving, archives
分布：档案(48%)，存档(41%)，档案馆(11%)
→前缀arch-, 始，主要，权威。指政府及政府管理的档案，后指档案。
【记】1）archi主要－保存主要信息的场所－档案室2）arc拱，hive＝hide藏－藏在拱里－档案
US ['ɑ:r-] noun countable (also archives)
■a collection of historical records relating to a place, organization or family 档案；案卷
• archive film/footage /material 档案胶片／影片／材料
• These old photographs should go in the family archives. 这些老照片应收入家庭档案里。
■(also archives)
■a place where historical records are kept 档案馆；档案室
• I've been studying village records in the local archive. 我一直在当地的档案馆中研究村庄的史料。
■a computer file used to store electronic information or documents that you no longer need to use regularly （电脑上保存档的）档案
UK ['ɑ:.kaɪv] US ['ɑ:r-] verb transitive
■to store historical records or documents in an archive 把…归档；将…存档
■in computing, to store electronic information that you no longer need to use regularly （在电脑上将资料）存档；封存
• This software helps firms archive and retrieve emails. 这种软体有助于公司更便捷地封存和检索电子邮件。
n. 档案馆；档案文件
 - chancery

Word: minor-league
Front: minor-league
None None
Back: 职业棒球小联盟的
分布：次要的(50%)，平庸的(50%)

Word: breadwinner
Front: breadwinner
[ˈbredwɪnə(r)] (19089/19587)
Back: n. 养家糊口的人
分布：养家糊口的人(68%)，负担家计的人(32%)
→bread, 面包。win, 古义追求，同Venus, 爱神维纳斯。
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■the member of a family who earns the money that the family needs 养家糊口的人
• Men are often expected to be the breadwinner in a family. 人们常常寄望男人养家糊口。

Word: steppe
Front: steppe
[step] (18945/25176)
Vocabulary: steppe
(once / 3467 pages)
n
A steppe is a large geographic area of flat land. A prairie is a kind of steppe. This type of land can be found in both cold and warm environments — from Siberia to Mexico.
A steppe, pronounced like the word step, is not quite dry enough to be a desert but not fertile enough for trees to grow. Think of it as a semi-desert covered in grass and shrubs. The word steppe can also be used to describe the climate in areas that are too dry for a forest, but not quite dry enough to be desert.
WORD FAMILY
steppe: steppes
USAGE EXAMPLES
The government alerted them to the "Grizzly Steppe" code on Thursday.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
The code is associated with the hacking operation dubbed Grizzly Steppe by the Obama administration.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Like the bazaar, about a mile to the south, the patrol base was situated just outside the irrigated cropland, at the edge of the steppe.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 干草原
分布：干草原(100%)
→来自俄罗斯语 step',大草原，尤指从东欧横穿苏联南部直至西伯利亚的大片地区。
noun countable usually plural uncountable
■a large area of land with grass but no trees, especially in southeastern Europe, Russia and northern Asia （尤指东南欧、俄罗斯和亚洲北部无树的）干草原，大草原
• These people have lived for centuries on the Russian steppes. 这些人已经在俄罗斯大草原上居住了几个世纪。
n. [地理] 大草原，干草原（特指西伯利亚一带没有树木的大草原）
 - prairie, llano

Word: crinkle
Front: crinkle
[ˈkrɪŋkl] (宝 18991/24957)
Vocabulary: crinkle
(once / 6318 pages)
vn
When you ball up a piece of paper in your hand, you crinkle it — you make a smooth thing wrinkled.
Use the verb crinkle to describe what happens when you ball up a freshly ironed shirt and shove it in a suitcase, or the way your favorite teacher scrunches her eyes when she smiles. You can also call the creases or wrinkles themselves crinkles. You might become so annoyed at the crinkles in your curtains that you take them down and iron them. Crinkle comes from the Old English crincan, "to bend or to yield."
WORD FAMILY
crinkle: crinkled, crinkles, crinkling, crinkly
USAGE EXAMPLES
You may crinkling your nose and saying “ew,” but it’s actually really good.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Several hours later, I became aware of people talking softly and the crinkling of paper.
Time(Dec 01, 2016)
Mama gave me the Panadol tablets, still in the silver-colored foil, which crinkled as I opened it.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
Back: vt. & vi. （使）起皱
n. （布或纸上的）皱纹
时态：crinkled, crinkling, crinkles
分布：沙沙声(25%)，皱纹(25%)，波状(20%)，变皱(20%)，沙沙作响(10%)
→词源同crimp, crisp.
【记】wrinkle（n 皱纹；v 使皱）
verb intransitive or transitive
■to become covered in many small lines and folds, or to cause something to do this （使）变皱，（使）起皱
• She crinkled (up) her nose in distaste. 她厌恶地皱了皱鼻子。
vi. 起皱；卷曲
 - wrinkle, crease
n. 皱纹；波纹；沙沙声
 - rugosity, wrinkle

Word: exploited
Front: exploited
[iksˈplɔitid] (19085/19054)
Vocabulary: exploited
(once / 2613 pages)
adj
Something that's exploited is fully taken advantage of. Fear is probably the most commonly exploited emotion used by directors of horror films.
Exploited talents are ones that have been put to good use. And resources that are exploited are being used advantageously. However, this word is quite often used in a more negative way, to mean "used in a victimizing way." In some countries, exploited children are forced to work long hours in bad conditions. When animals are used to test shampoo, most people agree these critters are also exploited.
WORD FAMILY
exploited: unexploited+/ exploit: exploitation, exploitative, exploitatory, exploited, exploiter, exploiting, exploitive, exploits, overexploit/ exploitation: exploitations/exploitative: exploitatively/ exploiter: exploiters/overexploit: overexploitation, overexploited, overexploiting
USAGE EXAMPLES
The victims were identified on a computer database maintained by the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, according to the lawsuit.
Reuters(Dec 28, 2016)
Gouthière exploited the enlivening contrasts of matte and reflective finishes throughout his work.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Choi is under suspicion that she exploited her presidential ties to get Chung, an equestrian athlete, into an elite university despite questionable qualifications.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: v. 开采( exploit的过去式和过去分词 ); 利用（…为自己谋利）; 运用; 剥削
分布：利用(52%)，开发(28%)，剥削(10%)，开拓(6%)，功绩(3%)，英勇行为(1%)
VERB
压榨;剥削;占…的便宜
If you say that someone is exploiting you, you think that they are treating you unfairly by using your work or ideas and giving you very little in return.
例：Critics claim he exploited black musicians for personal gain.批评家声称他压榨黑人音乐家谋求私利。
例：...the plight of the exploited sugar cane workers.受剥削的甘蔗工人的困境
VERB
利用；乘（机）
If you say that someone is exploiting a situation, you disapprove of them because they are using it to gain an advantage for themselves, rather than trying to help other people or do what is right.
例：The government and its opponents compete to exploit the troubles to their advantage.政府及其反对派竞相利用这些问题为自己谋利。
VERB
充分运用；发挥
If you exploit something, you use it well, and achieve something or gain an advantage from it.
例：You'll need a good aerial to exploit the radio's performance...你需要弄个好天线来发挥广播的性能。
例：Cary is hoping to exploit new opportunities in Europe...卡里希望好好利用欧洲的新机遇。
VERB
开采;开发;利用
To exploit resources or raw materials means to develop them and use them for industry or commercial activities.
例：I think we're being very short sighted in not exploiting our own coal.我认为不开采我们自己的煤是非常短视的做法。
N-COUNT
英勇行为;功绩;有趣的行为
If you refer to someone's exploits, you mean the brave, interesting, or amusing things that they have done.
例：His wartime exploits were later made into a film.他在战争中的英勇行为后来被改编成一部电影。

Word: redress
Front: redress
[rɪˈdres] (托宝 16594/11593 -1)
Vocabulary: redress
(once / 1165 pages)
vn
The verb redress is used when you are supposed to fix a problem and make amends. You want your parents to redress the fact that you don't have a pet. Your parents offer to get a hamster, but instead, you say you want a monkey.
Redress can be used as both a noun and a verb. In the noun form, it is the compensation for setting something right. As a verb it means to correct, right a wrong, or make restitution for something. The union organizers wanted the company to redress the fact that workers weren't getting lunch breaks.
WORD FAMILY
redress: redressed, redresses, redressing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Arguably, the most significant change in redress for consumers may result from the 2015 Consumer Rights Act.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
In China, it isn’t uncommon for migrant workers or people seeking redress from the government to complain about harsh treatment from public-security officials.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Now campaigners such as Maw Maw Oo want to hold the party to its pledges to provide redress.
Reuters(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 补偿，赔偿; 矫正，纠正; 缓解
vt. 改正，矫正; 补偿; 革除; 重新调整
时态：redressed, redressing, redresses
分布：纠正(34%)，赔偿(22%)，补偿(13%)，救济(10%)，矫正(10%)，革除(5%)，恢复(3%)，惩罚(2%)，缓解(1%)
→re-,再，重新，-dress,拉直，引导，词源同 direct,address,right.
【记】re重新，dress穿衣－改正
[rɪ'dres] formal
verb transitive
■to put right a wrong or give payment for a wrong that has been done 纠正，矫正；补偿，向…赔偿损失
• Most managers, politicians and bosses are men - how can women redress the balance (= make the situation fairer and more equal) ? 大多数的经理、政治家和老板都是男性——女性怎样才能改变这种不平衡的状况呢？
[rɪ'dres] formal
noun uncountable
■money that someone has to pay to someone else because they have injured them or treated them badly （对伤害或虐待所致损失的）赔偿，赔款
• He went to the industrial tribunal to seek redress for the way his employers had discriminated against him. 因为雇主对他有所歧视，他走上了劳资仲裁法庭为自己讨回公道。
vt. 救济；赔偿；纠正；重新调整
 - repair, make good
n. 救济；赔偿；矫正
 - relief, satisfaction

Word: tawny
Front: tawny
[ˈtɔ:ni] (18922/16473)
Vocabulary: tawny
(once / 1855 pages)
adj
A color adjective, tawny describes something that is a mix of yellow, orange, and brown colors. A lion has a beautiful tawny coat.
Tawny comes from the Anglo-Norman word, taune, which means tanned. Although you might think first of sun tans, which do indeed produce tawny colors in light-skinned people (as long as they don't go straight to lobster red), tan first meant the bark of an oak tree, used to cure leather. It's from the look of tanned leather that we get skin tans and the word tawny.
WORD FAMILY
tawny: tawnily, tawniness, tawny-colored
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It’s hard because she doesn’t like me,” said Tawny, who surmised that Georgee was confused about how Tawny fit into the family.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
The wide gaps in his gums were tinged a subtle tawny color.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
One of the deadliest snakes in Mexico, a tawny fer-de-lance, was slithering by his head, 30 centimeters away.
Science Magazine(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 黄褐色的
n. 黄褐色
分布：黄褐色(43%)，黄褐色的(40%)，茶色的(17%)
→来自古法语 taune,皮革色，棕黄色，来自拉丁语 tannare,制革，浸染，词源同 tan.
US ['tɑ:-] adjective
■of a light yellowish brown colour, like that of a lion 黄褐色的；茶色的
n. 黄褐色；茶色
 - tabac, olive brown
adj. 黄褐色的；茶色的
 - fulvous, snuffcoloured

Word: prosciutto
Front: prosciutto
[prəʊ'ʃu:təʊ] (19007/47145)
Back: n. 意大利熏火腿（切成薄片，常与甜瓜或无花果配成一道菜）
分布：名词(100%)
US [-tˌoʊ] noun uncountable
■Italian ham (= meat from the shoulder or leg of a pig) served in very thin slices （切成薄片的）义大利熏火腿

Word: superficially
Front: superficially
[ˌsju:pə'fɪʃəlɪ] (六托 19088/11269)
Back: adv. 浅薄地; 干
分布：表面地(67%)，表面上地(33%)
【反】plumb（v 使垂直；探测）－examine superficially（肤浅地检查）
ADJ-GRADED
肤浅的;浅薄的;粗枝大叶的
If you describe someone as superficial, you disapprove of them because they do not think deeply, and have little understanding of anything serious or important.
例：This guy is a superficial yuppie with no intellect whatsoever...这个家伙是个肤浅的雅皮士，没有什么头脑。
例：The tone of his book is consistently negative, occasionally arrogant, and often superficial.他的书基调一贯是负面消极的，有时还有点儿傲慢自大，且常常流于肤浅。
ADJ-GRADED
(行动、情感、关系)表面的，外表的，不深入的
If you describe something such as an action, feeling, or relationship as superficial, you mean that it includes only the simplest and most obvious aspects of that thing, and not those aspects which require more effort to deal with or understand.
例：Their arguments do not withstand the most superficial scrutiny...他们的论据经不起一点推敲。
例：His roommate had been pleasant on a superficial level...他的舍友只是表面上装和气。
ADJ-GRADED
表面的，乍看起来的(尤指实际并非如此)
Superficial is used to describe the appearance of something or the impression that it gives, especially if its real nature is very different.
例：Despite these superficial resemblances, this is a darker work than her earlier novels...尽管表面上有一些相似之处，但这本著作实际要比她以前的小说悲观。
例：Spain may well look different but the changes are superficial.西班牙可能看起来与以前有很大不同，但这些变化都是表面上的。
ADJ-GRADED
(伤势或伤害)表层的，表皮的，表面的
Superficial injuries are not very serious, and affect only the surface of the body. You can also describe damage to an object as superficial .
例：The 69-year-old clergyman escaped with superficial wounds...69 岁的牧师幸免于难，只受了点皮肉伤。
例：The explosion caused superficial damage to the fortified house.这次爆炸只对这所加固过的房屋造成了轻微破坏。
ADJ
(皮肤)表层的
The superficial layers of the skin are the ones nearest the surface.
例：...superficial blood vessels in the forearm.前臂的表层血管
adv. 表面地；浅薄地
 - surfacely, ectally

Word: irritability
Front: irritability
[ˌɪrɪtə'bɪlətɪ] (19072/21959)
Back: n. 易怒; 过敏性; 兴奋性; 感应性
分布：易怒(60%)，过敏性(30%)，兴奋性(10%)
ADJ-GRADED
易怒的;急躁的
If you are irritable, you are easily annoyed.
例：He had been waiting for over an hour and was beginning to feel irritable.他已经等了一个多小时,开始变得急躁了。
n. [医] 过敏性； [心理] 易怒；兴奋性
 - anaphylaxis, supersensitivity

Word: randomized
Front: randomized
['rændəˌmaɪzd] (18888/-)
Back: v. 使随机化，完全打乱，（使）作任意排列( randomize的过去式和过去分词 )
分布：随机的(100%)
VERB
使随机化;任意排列
If you randomize the events or people in scientific experiments or academic research, you use a method that gives them all an equal chance of happening or being chosen.
例：The wheel is designed with obstacles in the ball's path to randomise its movement...设计轮盘时在小球的行进路线上设置了障碍，以使其运动随机化。
例：Properly randomized studies are only now being completed.真正的随机研究现在才接近完成。
adj. [数] 随机化的，随机的
 - stochastic

Word: unoccupied
Front: unoccupied
[ˌʌnˈɒkjupaɪd] (19103/14432)
Back: adj. 空的; 未被占用的; 未被占领的; 空闲的
分布：空闲的(63%)，没人住的(37%)
ADJ
空置的；没人居住的
If a building is unoccupied, there is nobody in it.
例：The house was unoccupied at the time of the explosion...爆炸发生的时候房子里没有人。
例：The fire broke out in two unoccupied cabins.两间空置的棚屋里发生了火灾。
adj. 空闲的；没人住的；未占领的；无人占领的
 - available, leisure, off

Word: Flemish
Front: Flemish
['flemiʃ] (18881/15966 -1)
Back: n. 佛兰德人
adj. 佛兰德人的；佛兰德的
分布：佛兰德人(34%)，佛兰德人的(22%)，佛兰德的(22%)，佛兰德语的(11%)，佛兰德语(11%)
noun uncountable
■the main language of northern Belgium

Word: threadbare
Front: threadbare
[ˈθredbeə(r)] (宝 19064/20165)
Vocabulary: threadbare
(once / 3286 pages)
adj
Those jeans you wear every day that have holes in the knees and thin patches in the rear? They're threadbare. Threadbare means thin from overuse.
Furniture, clothing or a rug is threadbare if the fabric is thin and worn through. If your father tells the same jokes over and over again, you might accuse him of having a threadbare sense of humor. A friend who chooses to live a threadbare lifestyle doesn't have a lot of things, and what they do have is not in the best of shape. When you see this word, picture your childhood stuffed animal with the fur rubbed thin from too much cuddling.
WORD FAMILY
threadbare
USAGE EXAMPLES
For the threadbare hopes of its football club’s top-flight future hang on the Scotland international’s use of it.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
But fast forward almost 70 years, and the ideals of the 1940s are starting to look a little threadbare.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
The whole series felt like a threadbare film idea meaninglessly stretched to total breaking point.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. （衣服等）穿旧的; （衣料等）磨得很薄的; 陈旧的; 老一套的
分布：陈腐的(50%)，磨破的(50%)
→thread,线，bare,裸露的。引申词义陈旧的，陈腐的。
【记】thread线，bare（v 露出）一磨破以至粗线都露了出来的－
US [-ber] adjective
THIN 薄的
■describes material or clothes that have become thin or damaged because they have been used a lot （织物或衣服）磨光露底的，穿旧的
• a threadbare coat 磨破的外套
UK ['θred.beər] US [-ber] adjective
WEAK 弱的
■A threadbare excuse, argument or idea is not strong and no longer persuades people because it is old or has been used too much （借口、论点或想法）陈旧的，老一套的
• a threadbare excuse 老掉牙的借口
adj. 磨破的；衣衫褴褛的；乏味的；俗套的
 - stupid, worn-out

Word: showcase
Front: showcase
[ˈʃəʊkeɪs] (7291/15540 -1)
Back: n. （商店或博物馆等的）玻璃柜台，玻璃陈列柜; 显示优点的东西; <美俚>应接室
vt. 使展现; 在玻璃橱窗陈列
分布：陈列(76%)，显示优点的东西(16%)，使展示(8%)
→show,展示，case,柜子。
US ['ʃoʊ-] noun countable
CONTAINER 容器
■a container with glass sides in which valuable or important objects are kept so that they can be looked at without being touched, damaged or stolen （玻璃）陈列柜，展示橱
UK ['ʃəʊ.keɪs] US ['ʃoʊ-] noun countable
OPPORTUNITY 机会
■a situation or event which makes it possible for the best features of something to be seen 展示优点的场合（或机会）
• The Venice Film Festival has always been the showcase of Italian cinema. 威尼斯电影节一直是展示义大利电影的绝好机会。
• The exhibition is an annual showcase for British design and innovation. 该展览是展示英国设计和创新的年度盛会。
UK ['ʃəʊ.keɪs] US ['ʃoʊ-] verb transitive
■to show the best qualities or parts of something 展示…的优点；充分展示
• The main aim of the exhibition is to showcase British design. 该展览的主要目的是一展英国设计的风采。

Word: work-related
Front: work-related
None None
Back: [医]与工作有关的
分布：与工作有关的(100%)

Word: opus
Front: opus
[ˈəʊpəs] (宝 19078/25418 -1)
Vocabulary: opus
(once / 2829 pages)
n
An opus is a created work, usually musical in nature. The composer's greatest opus was inspired by the blooming of the spring flowers.
While an opus is a piece of work, usually musical, the best way to remember it is to know that the preferred plural of opus is opera which everyone associates with music. You can also say opuses for the plural if you want, but how is that going to help you remember anything? A common usage of opus is with the term magnum opus which refers to one’s greatest work, musical or otherwise.
WORD FAMILY
opus: opuses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Although his magnum opus is in effect a history of early globalisation, Osterhammel is cautious about using the word.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Behold Daniel Clowes’ magnificently controlled opus Patience, a time-travel epic propelled by slabs of bright, confectionary color and the unhinged grief of a widower.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
The congregation voted to have Juget-Sinclair build the new Opus 46 organ.
Washington Times(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: n. 作品; 乐曲
分布：名词(77%)，形容词(23%)
→来自拉丁语opus,工作，创作，作品，来自op,努力，劳作，创作，词源同opulent,operate.引申词义巨著，主要作品。
US ['oʊ-] (plural opuses or specialized opera) specialized
noun countable (written abbreviation Op.)
■a piece of music written by a particular musician and given a number relating to the order in which it was published （由某一作曲家创作、按发表顺序编号的）音乐作品；编号作品
• Carl Nielsen's Opus 43 quintet 卡尔‧尼尔森的第43号五重奏曲
■formal
■any work of art 艺术作品
• He showed us his latest opus, a rather awful painting of a vase of flowers. 他向我们展示了他的最新作品——一幅画有一瓶花的相当糟的油画。
n. 作品
 - works, production, writing

Word: consultative
Front: consultative
[kənˈsʌltətɪv] (18897/6770 -1)
Vocabulary: consultative
(once / 9858 pages)
adj
Consultative is an adjective that describes giving advice or assistance. Do people turn to you for advice about love? What about your expertise in helping job-seekers land their dream job? If so, then you are providing consultative services, whether you know it or not.
You’re probably familiar with the verb consult, which means “get advice.” Consultative is just the adjective form of that verb. Consultative can be used to describe anything or anyone in the business of providing advice or counsel. It’s often used to refer to a formal group, such as a consultative committee that advises a government, or a company that provides consultative services in a particular area of expertise.
WORD FAMILY
consult: consultant, consultation, consultative, consultatory, consulted, consulting, consultive, consults+/ consultancy: consultancies/ consultant: consultancy, consultants/ consultation: consultations
USAGE EXAMPLES
A consultative ballot in 2014, which recorded a large majority for independence, was ignored by Spain.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
The synod has only consultative powers, so, at least in principle, Francis can simply ignore it.
Economist(Jul 28, 2016)
Diageo said it had been holding a consultative review with employees of its final salary pension scheme since February this year.
BBC(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 咨询的，顾问的; 商议的，协商的
分布：咨询的(51%)，顾问的(29%)，协商的(20%)
US [-tˌə.tˌɪv] adjective
■A consultative group or document gives advice about something 咨询的；顾问的
• She works for the firm in a consultative capacity. 她给这家公司当顾问。
• to set up a consultative committee 成立顾问委员会
adj. 咨询的
 - advisory, directory

Word: psychopath
Front: psychopath
[ˈsaɪkəpæθ] (19123/20195)
Vocabulary: psychopath
(once / 25418 pages)
n
It would be unfortunate to end up alone in an elevator with a psychopath. A psychopath is a mentally ill person with violent tendencies.
Psychopath is a psychiatric term that refers to a person suffering from a mental illness involving violent behavior or various kinds of abnormal social interactions. A person who's been diagnosed as a psychopath has a lot of trouble interacting with other people and living a normal life. The noun psychopath is also used casually to mean simply a bizarre or unpredictably violent person. The word comes from the Greek words for "mind" and "suffering": psykhe and pathos.
WORD FAMILY
psychopath: psychopaths
USAGE EXAMPLES
For some, calling a serial killer a psychopath is somehow excusing them.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Another compared the dinner with a subplot from HBO’s “Game of Thrones” involving a psychopath’s grotesque physical and emotional debasement of a nobleman’s son.
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
These actors were reprising the psychopaths they played in previous movies, yet in each case Ms. Lupino’s character prevails.
New York Times(Nov 24, 2016)
Back: n. 精神变态者，精神病患者
分布：精神病患者(100%)
→psycho-,精神，心理，-path,疾病，词源同pathology.
精神病人(psycho精神+path→精神病人)[path=feeling,suffering,illness,表示"感情,痛苦,病"]
noun countable (informal psycho)
■someone who is very mentally ill and dangerous 精神病患者，精神变态者
specialized
■in psychology, a person who has no feeling for other people, does not think about the future and does not feel bad about anything they have done in the past 变态人格者
n. 精神病患者
 - mental, madman

Word: concourse
Front: concourse
[ˈkɒŋkɔ:s] (19068/16363)
Vocabulary: concourse
(once / 2225 pages)
1n 2n
The wide, open area that's either inside or in front of a building is called a concourse. A concourse is often located where many paths or hallways meet.
Many kinds of buildings have a concourse, including train stations, airports, hotels, and shopping malls. Concourses are large enough for many people to congregate there — and this crowd or gathering of people can also be called a concourse. A movie star visiting a small city might find himself surrounded by a huge concourse of fans asking for autographs. The Latin root is concursus, "a running together," and the word's original sense was "the flowing of a crowd of people."
WORD FAMILY
concourse: concourses
USAGE EXAMPLES
After speaking with authorities, they climbed down the stairs toward the concourse while being booed by a handful of fans who stayed to watch.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Walking through a TD Garden concourse, he spotted an informational table.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Fans huddled around the space heaters lining the walls of the concourse.
Seattle Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: n. 宽敞的大厅; 广场; 聚集; 群众
分布：大厅(45%)，广场(35%)，汇合(20%)
→con-, 强调。-course, 跑，跑道。即跑到一起，聚集到一起的地方。
汇合,合流(con共同+course→共同跑→汇合)[cur(r),curs,cours=run,表示"跑,发生"]
US ['kɑ:n.kɔ:rs] noun countable
■a large space or room in a public building such as a station or airport which people meet in or pass through （火车站、机场等的）中央大厅，大堂
• There's a ticket machine in the main concourse. 在主大堂有一部售票机。
n. 广场；集合；合流；群众
 - assembly, convergence, set, mass, plaza

Word: thyroid
Front: thyroid
[ˈθaɪrɔɪd] (12378/24383 -1)
Back: n. 甲状腺; 甲状软骨; 甲状腺剂; 甲状腺粉
adj. 甲状腺的; 甲状（软骨）的; 盾状的
分布：甲状腺(98%)，甲状腺的(2%)
→来自希腊语 thyreoiedes,盾形的，来自 thyra,门，词源同 door,-eides,形状，形体，即常见后缀 -oid,类。古希腊著名医生 Galan 借用该词用以指甲状腺，因其形如盾甲而得名。
N-COUNT
甲状腺
Your thyroid or your thyroid gland is a gland in your neck that produces chemicals which control the way your body grows and functions.
n. [药] [解剖] 甲状腺；甲状软骨；甲状腺剂
 - hypothyroid, scutum
adj. [药] [解剖] 甲状腺的；盾状的
 - peltate, scutiform

Word: treatable
Front: treatable
[ˈtri:təbəl] (19105/33599)
Back: adj. 能治疗的
ADJ-GRADED
能治疗的;可治愈的
A treatable disease is one which can be cured or controlled, usually by the use of drugs.
例：This is a treatable condition...这是一种可治愈的疾病。
例：Depression is treatable.抑郁症是可以治愈的。
adj. 能治疗的；好对付的；能处理的
 - medicable

Word: opiate
Front: opiate
[ˈəʊpiət] (宝 18995/26074)
Vocabulary: opiate
(once / 5422 pages)
n
An opiate is a drug such as morphine or heroin that is derived from opium. Used figuratively, it means something that calms or soothes.
Karl Marx famously said that religion was the opiate of the masses, which means he thought that it was religion that prevented working-class people from rising up against their leaders. Today, you might say that television has replaced religion as a mass opiate, but you'd need to say that during a commercial for anyone to pay much attention.
WORD FAMILY
opiate: opiates
USAGE EXAMPLES
Cheese proteins contain casomorphins, chemical compounds that attach to the same opiate receptors in the brain as heroin or morphine.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Preventing abuse of opiate painkillers is viewed as a key element of the strategy.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
There’s a bittersweet theme about nostalgia as an opiate, but for once this ingeniously dark series ends on a note of cyberhope.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 含鸦片的; 催眠的
n. 鸦片制剂（通常用于镇痛或催眠）; 缓和，减轻
分布：麻醉剂(49%)，鸦片剂(23%)，安眠的(19%)，麻醉的(9%)
→来自opium,鸦片，-ate,表属性。引申词义鸦片制剂。
【记】opi源于：option选择，ate吃－可以选择吃和不吃－鸦片
US ['oʊ-] noun countable
■a drug which contains opium , especially one which causes sleep （尤指用于安眠的）鸦片剂，麻醉剂
n. [毒物] [药] 鸦片制剂；麻醉剂；镇静剂
 - detoxicator, bromo
adj. 含鸦片的；安眠的
 - dormitive
vt. 用鸦片麻醉；使缓和
 - comfort, obtund

Word: plumb
Front: plumb
[plʌm] (托雅宝 19115/20239 -1)
Vocabulary: plumb
(once / 1369 pages)
1adjnadvv 2v 3adv
To plumb a body of water, you measure its depth. To plumb a house, you connect all of its pipes. To make carpentry plumb, you get it exactly vertical.
Originally, the verb plumb only meant “to measure the depth of water.” These days, if you “plumb the depths” of something, you go in deep for knowledge and experience: your Heidegger seminar may plumb the depths of German Existentialism like Jacques Cousteau plumbed the depths of the ocean.
WORD FAMILY
plumb: plumbable, plumbed, plumbing, plumbly, plumbs+/plumbed: unplumbed/ plumbing: plumbings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The author shows great insight plumbing Karen’s constant need for approval.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Dak Prescott isn't a wheelbarrow full of rusty plumbing supplies.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
After completing the Green City Force training, Ms. Williams began a six-month plumbing training program.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 使垂直; 用测铅测; 探索
adj. 垂直的
adv. 恰恰，正; 垂直地
vi. 做管道工
n. 铅锤，测锤
时态：plumbed, plumbing, plumbs
分布：垂直的(30%)，探测(20%)，铅锤(20%)，恰恰(16%)，垂直(14%)
→来自拉丁语plumbum,铅，铅球，可能借自希腊语molybdos,铅，词源同molybdenum.后用于 指测量垂直度的铅球，铅锤，引申词义探索，钻研，以及副词词义恰好，正好等。
铅锤[plumb=lead,表示"铅"]
【记】源于plumb的铅锤的意义
【参】plumber（n 铅水管工人）；plumbing（n 铅工业；铅管品制造）
【反】horizontal（adj 水平的）；examine superficially（肤浅地检查）；『examine curiously好奇地查看』
verb transitive
WATER 水
■to supply a building or a device with water pipes, or to connect a building or a device to a water pipe 给…装水管
• We've discovered that our house isn't plumbed properly. 我们发现我们房子里的水管安装得有问题。
• I think we can plumb the new bath into the existing pipes. 我想我们可以把新浴缸接到现有的水管上。
• Have you plumbed the dishwasher in yet? 你给洗碗机接上水管了吗？
[plʌm] verb transitive
DEEP 深 specialized
■to measure how deep something is, especially water 测（尤指水）的深度
■to understand or discover all about something 探索，探究
• Now that she had begun, she wanted to plumb her own childhood further. 既然已经开始了，她就想深入发掘一番自己童年的故事。
[plʌm] verb transitive
plumb the depths
■to reach the lowest point 跌入最低点，陷入谷底
• Roy plumbed the depths of despair when his wife left him. 妻子离开他之后，罗伊陷入了绝望的深渊。
• humorous They must be really plumbing the depths (= must have been unable to find anyone better) if they're offering the job to her. 如果他们要把这个工作机会给她，这就说明他们实在是没有更好的人选了。
[plʌm] adverb
EXACTLY 恰恰 informal
■exactly 正好，恰恰
• The hotel is plumb in the middle of the town. 那家旅馆就在城镇中心。
• He hit me plumb on the nose. 他正好打在我的鼻子上。
[plʌm] adverb
COMPLETELY 完全地 US informal
■completely 完全，彻底
• I plumb forgot your birthday. 我把你的生日忘得一干二净。
[plʌm] adjective [after verb] specialized
■exactly straight, usually describing a vertical surface or line 垂直的
• When you hang a door, you need to make sure that it is both level and plumb. 装门的时候，必须保证门是横平竖直的。
out of plumb
■not straight vertically 不垂直，倾斜
• The external wall is out of plumb by half a metre. 外墙偏斜了0.5公尺。
upright, vertical, erect, perpendicular, plumb
这组词都有“垂直的、竖式的”的意思，其区别是：
upright: 普通用词，指竖立、笔直而不是倾斜、倒塌的。
vertical: 指与平面、水平线或基线成直角或几乎成直角向上延伸至顶点的物体。也可指呈直线上升或下降的。
erect: 指笔直挺拔，而非倾斜、佝偻、弯曲或倒塌的。
perpendicular: 指与水平线形成90度的线或面，或朝垂直方面延伸的，尤指向下的急剧运动。
plumb: 建筑上用词，凭锤球评判某物是否完全垂直。
vt. [数] 使垂直；探测，探索
 - detect, explore
n. [数] 垂直； [测] 铅锤
 - verticalness, perpendicularity
adv. 恰恰，正； [数] 垂直地
 - precisely, due
adj. [数] 垂直的
 - vertical, perpendicular

Word: abdicate
Front: abdicate
[ˈæbdɪkeɪt] (托宝 19114/18884)
Vocabulary: abdicate
(once / 1648 pages)
v
Sometimes someone in power might decide to give up that power and step down from his or her position. When they do that, they abdicate their authority, giving up all duties and perks of the job.
The original meaning of the verb abdicate came from the combination of the Latin ab- "away" and dicare "proclaim." (Note that in the charming relationships between languages with common roots, the Spanish word for "he says" is dice, which comes directly from dicare.) The word came to refer to disowning one's children, and it wasn't until the 17th century that the first use of the word relating to giving up power or public office was recorded.
WORD FAMILY
abdicate: abdicable, abdicated, abdicates, abdicating, abdication, abdicator+/ abdication: abdications
USAGE EXAMPLES
On March 15, 1917, Tsar Nicholas II abdicated the Russian throne as a result of the February Revolution.
Time(Dec 29, 2016)
"If the federal government abdicates that responsibility, the more aggressive and progressive state attorneys general will fill that vacuum," he said.
Reuters(Nov 18, 2016)
However, the smart money is on Kaiser Wilhelm II, the last German emperor and king of Prussia, abdicating at the end of World War One.
BBC(Nov 05, 2016)
Back: vt. 放弃（职责、权力等）
vi. 退位，逊位
adj. 可以放弃的; 放弃权力的，退位的
n. 放弃权力者，退位者
时态：abdicated, abdicating, abdicates
分布：退位(60%)，辞职(23%)，让位(13%)，正式放弃(4%)
→前缀ab-, 离开。词根dic，说，命令，同dictionary, 字典，规范语言。
放弃;退位(ab离开+dic说,命令+ate→不再命令→退位)[dict,dic=say,assert,表示"说话,断言"]
【参】abdicator（n 退位者）；indicate（v 表示，暗示）
【反】usurp（v 纂夺）；assume（v 担任官位）；constitute（v 任命）
verb
KING/QUEEN 国王／皇后
intransitive or transitive
■If a king or queen abdicates, they make a formal statement that they no longer want to be king or queen 逊位；退（位），让（位），正式放弃（王位）
• King Edward VIII abdicated (the British throne) in 1936 so that he could marry Mrs Simpson, a divorced woman. 为了和离过婚的辛普森夫人结婚，英王爱德华八世在1936年退位（放弃英国王位）。
['æb.dɪ.keɪt] verb
NOT DO 不做
abdicate responsibility formal disapproving
■to stop controlling or managing something that you are in charge of 放弃职责
• She was accused of abdicating all responsibility for the project. 她因为对这个项目完全撒手不管而受到了指责。
vi. 退位；放弃
 - fall out of, render up
vt. 退位；放弃
 - yield, desert, quit

Word: rematch
Front: rematch
[ˈri:mætʃ] (19053/37425)
Back: v. （运动竞赛、桥牌等的）重赛
分布：重赛(50%)，复赛(50%)
→re-,再，重新，match,比赛。
N-COUNT
(因为平局或有争议而进行的)复赛，再赛，重赛
A rematch is a second game that is played between two people or teams, for example because their first match was a draw or because there was a dispute about some aspect of it.
例：Duff said he would be demanding a rematch.达夫说他将要求重赛。
N-COUNT
(比赛或竞赛对手之间的)复赛，二次交手
A rematch is a second game or contest between two people or teams who have already faced each other.
例：Stanford will face UCLA in a rematch...斯坦福队将与加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校队展开第二回合较量。
例：The debate this week was a rematch of last year's.这个星期的辩论还是在去年的两个对手之间进行。
n. 复赛；再匹配
 - semi-final

Word: handily
Front: handily
[ˈhændɪli] (19112/46572)
Back: adv. 方便地
分布：敏捷地(50%)，巧妙地(25%)，便利地(25%)
→来自handy,近手的，方便的。
adverb
■in a useful or convenient way 方便地，轻易地
• An additional power switch for the radio is handily located next to the steering wheel. 在方向盘旁边顺手的位置加装了一个收音机电源开关。
• US The Yankees handily (= easily) defeated the Boston Red Sox. 洋基队轻松击败了波士顿红袜队。
adv. 方便地；敏捷地；灵巧地
 - promptly, expediently

Word: visage
Front: visage
[ˈvɪzɪdʒ] (宝 19096/36110)
Vocabulary: visage
(once / 1028 pages)
n
Visage is a literary term for referring to someone's face or facial features. You may notice that some face creams use the word visage to try to sound fancier than they are.
A famous use of visage is in Shakespeare's Julius Caesar. Brutus says: "O conspiracy/Shamest thou to show thy dangerous brow by night,/When evils are most free? O, then by day/Where wilt thou find a cavern dark enough/To mask thy monstrous visage?" Now there's a quote that will help you remember the meaning of visage, and even give you nightmares.
WORD FAMILY
visage: envisage, visages+/ envisage: envisaged, envisages, envisaging
USAGE EXAMPLES
The same thing happened in 2012, when unsold sweaters and wall clocks bearing the visage of Republican presidential candidate Mitt Romney were donated off.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Guevara was killed at age 39, and today his visage graces T-shirts, keychains and refrigerator magnets around the world.
Seattle Times(Nov 27, 2016)
You can’t size up a new visage, yet the grottoes in your head have more to plumb if your sight was lost midlife or later.
New York Times(Nov 17, 2016)
Back: n. <文>脸; 面容; 外表; 外观
分布：面貌(46%)，脸(41%)，容貌(13%)
→来自vis-,看，面容，词源同visit,evident.
面貌(vis看;参考:vision视力)[-age名词反缀1.表示"状态,总称"2.表示"场所,物品"3.表示"费用"]
【记】vis＝vision（n 视力；视觉），age－面容
literary
noun countable
■the face 脸庞
n. 面貌，容貌；外表
 - person, garment

Word: workbench
Front: workbench
[ˈwɜ:kbentʃ] (19056/24001)
Back: n. 工作台，作业台
分布：工作台(100%)
US ['wɝ:k-] noun countable
■a strong table for working on, especially one on which objects such as pieces of wood or metal can be firmly held so that tools can be used on them （尤指可固定木头、金属等的）工作台
n. 工作台；手工台
 - working table, working bench

Word: quench
Front: quench
[kwentʃ] (研六托雅宝 19110/19371)
Vocabulary: quench
(once / 805 pages)
v
Quench means to put out, put an end to, or satisfy. If you're stranded in the middle of the desert with nothing to drink, you're probably dreaming of a nice big glass of ice water to quench your thirst.
Quench originally meant “extinguish fires.” That meaning still works today, but we've expanded it to also apply to quenching the fiery thirst of a summer marathon runner or quenching the hot flames of passion. If you want to get deep about the word quench, consider what Voltaire said: “Superstition sets the whole world in flames; philosophy quenches them.”
WORD FAMILY
quench: quenched, quenches, quenching, quenchless, unquenchable+/quenching: quenchings/quenchless: quenchlessly/unquenchable: unquenchably
USAGE EXAMPLES
He added, “You’ve got to find something that sort of quenches that competitive thirst after you retire.”
New York Times(Nov 30, 2016)
“You’ve got to find something that quenches that competitive thirst,” he said.
Golf Digest(Nov 30, 2016)
Instead, the American soft-drink brand has adapted to the quirky ways this society quenches its thirst.
Seattle Times(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 解（渴）; 终止（某事物）; （用水）扑灭（火焰等）; 将（热物体）放入水中急速冷却
时态：quenched, quenching, quenches
分布：解渴(52%)，熄灭(32%)，结束(12%)，冷淬(4%)
→可能来自古英语cwincan,离开，扑灭，灭火。进一步词源不详。
v.熄灭,扑灭,压制,抑制,止渴Subsequently the eloquent man frequently asked the consequence of quenching in sequence.其后雄辩者频繁地询问顺序灭火的结果.
【记】读：困ch，既然困了就应该熄灭欲火，抑止欲望
verb transitive
■to satisfy your thirst by having a drink 解渴
• When it's hot, it's best to quench your thirst with water. 大热天里最好喝水解渴。
■literary
■to cause a fire to stop burning with water 扑灭，熄灭
• The flames were quenched by heavy rain. 大雨淋熄了熊熊的烈火。
■to satisfy a need or wish 满足
• Her thirst for knowledge will never be quenched. 她的求知欲是永无止境的。
vt. 熄灭， [机] 淬火；解渴；结束；冷浸
 - conclude, go out
vi. 熄灭；平息
 - die, cool, go out

Word: reflexively
Front: reflexively
None (19099/45237)
Back: 反身地
分布：条件反射式地(60%)，反身地(40%)
adverb
■in a way that is caused by an uncontrolled physical reaction 反射（性）地；本能（反应）地
• My arm went up reflexively. 由于反射作用，我的手臂举起了。

Word: abomination
Front: abomination
[əˌbɒmɪˈneɪʃn] (19107/22769)
Vocabulary: abomination
(once / 1647 pages)
n
The noun abomination means a thing or action that is vile, vicious or terrible. For example, if you see a neighbor kick an old blind dog that's done nothing wrong, you might remark, "That kind of cruelty is an abomination!"
The word abomination comes from the Old French word abominacion meaning "horror, repugnance, disgust." The word abomination can also be used to refer to a person or object you find utterly loathsome and repellent. If you look at someone else as an abomination, that means you are horrified by them, and barely even think they're human. If you hear a friend describing you as an abomination behind your back, you need to find a new buddy right away!
WORD FAMILY
abomination: abominations+/ abominable: abominablest, abominably / abominate: abominable, abominated, abominates, abominating, abomination, abominator/abominator: abominators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Today everyone agrees that apartheid was an abomination.
The Guardian(Dec 04, 2016)
What there is, Don wrote, is the abomination known as “country-fried steak.”
Washington Post(Nov 27, 2016)
Wade decision legalizing abortion the “worst abomination in the history of constitutional law.”
Los Angeles Times(Nov 18, 2016)
Back: n. 嫌恶; 深恶痛绝; 令人憎恶的人或事物; 可憎恶的或卑劣的习惯或行为
分布：憎恨(74%)，痛恶(13%)，可憎的事物(13%)
US [-ˌbɑ:.mɪ-] formal
noun countable
■something that you dislike and disapprove of 令人憎恶的事物；可恶的东西
• Foxhunting is an abomination. 猎杀狐狸是令人憎恶的行为。
n. 厌恶；憎恨；令人厌恶的事物
 - despite, hate, hatred, aversion

Word: livid
Front: livid
[ˈlɪvɪd] (宝 19109/20375)
Vocabulary: livid
(once / 1695 pages)
1adj 2adj 3adj
If you're livid, you're furious, in a black cloud of anger. The Latin root this word comes from means "bluish-gray" or "slate-colored," and you can also use livid to describe the color, such as a livid bruise or a livid sea.
Livid, even when it means "bluish-gray," has the sense of something not quite right. If the sky is livid, there's something ominous about it. Similarly, if your skin is livid, there's something wrong — you're either covered with bruises or you're at death's door, anemic and ashen. But livid is used most often to describe fury. What if you waited in line 15 hours and the person in front of you got the last seat for the hottest concert of the summer? You'd be livid!
WORD FAMILY
livid: lividest, lividity, lividly, lividness+/lividity: lividities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Learning of this through wiretaps and surveillance, Johnson was livid.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
When she asked for copies of documents related to the potential sale, her husband was livid.
New York Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Her father was livid, and he kicked her out of their apartment.
New York Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: adj. <口>大怒的; 乌青色的; 铁青
分布：铅色的(62%)，苍白的(27%)，暴怒的(11%)
→来自拉丁语lividus,蓝色的，青灰色的，来自sleie,蓝色，词源同sloe,lavender.引申词义脸色发青，暴怒的。
【记】由于太vivid（adj 活泼的），所以livid。
adjective
ANGRY 生气的
■extremely angry 狂怒的，暴怒的
• He was livid when he found out. 他发现真相后非常气愤。
['lɪv.ɪd] adjective
COLOUR 颜色
■(especially of marks on the skin) of an unpleasant purple or dark blue colour （尤指皮肤色斑）暗紫色的，乌青色的
• He had a long livid scar across his cheek. 他的面颊上有一道长长的紫黑色疤痕。
adj. 铅色的；青灰色的；非常生气的
 - caesious

Word: trusty
Front: trusty
[ˈtrʌsti] (19081/19720)
Back: adj. 可信赖; 可靠的
n. 模范囚犯; 可信赖的人
级别：trustier, trustiest
分布：可靠的(50%)，可信赖的(19%)，可信任的(19%)，可信赖的人(9%)，受优待的囚犯(3%)
['trʌs.ti] mainly humorous
adjective [before noun]
■able to be trusted, especially because of having been owned and used for a long time 可信任的，可信赖的；可靠的
• I did the entire three hundred miles on my own - just me and my trusty bike. 整个300英里的路程都是我独自骑过来的——就只有我和我那让人放心的脚踏车。
adj. 可靠的；可信任的
 - responsible, reliable, tried, honest, sure
n. 模范囚犯；可信赖的人
 - standby

Word: carelessness
Front: carelessness
['keələsnəs] (19116/14148)
Back: n. 粗心大意; 草率; 快活; 淡漠
分布：粗心(100%)
ADJ-GRADED
粗心的;大意的
If you are careless, you do not pay enough attention to what you are doing, and so you make mistakes, or cause harm or damage.
例：I'm sorry. How careless of me...对不起,我太不小心了。
例：Some mothers were a bit careless with money...有些当妈妈的花钱有点随意。
ADJ-GRADED
不在乎的;不在意的
If you say that someone is careless of something such as their health or appearance, you mean that they do not seem to be concerned about it, or do nothing to keep it in a good condition.
例：He had shown himself careless of personal safety where the life of his colleagues might be at risk...当同事身处危险时他表现英勇，不顾个人安危。
例：She's careless about her hygiene...她不注意个人卫生。
ADJ-GRADED
随意的;自信的;轻易的
If you describe someone's movements as careless, you mean that they are relaxed or confident, and do not seem to require much effort or thought.
例：With a careless flip of his wrists, he sent the ball quickly on its way.他手腕轻轻一抖,球就飞出去了。
n. 粗心大意
 - incaution, negligence

Word: unsweetened
Front: unsweetened
[ˌʌnˈswi:tnd] (18931/42005)
Back: adj. 未加糖的，不甜的
分布：不甜的(56%)，未加糖的(44%)
ADJ
未加糖的；不含甜料的
Unsweetened food or drink does not have any sugar or other sweet substance added to it.

Word: long-lived
Front: long-lived
[ˈlɔ:ŋˈlaɪvd, -ˈlɪvd, ˈlɔŋ-] None
Back: adj. 长命的; 长寿命
分布：长命的(86%)，耐久的(14%)
ADJ-GRADED
长命的；持久的；耐久的
Something that is long-lived lives or lasts for a long time.
例：The flowers may only last a day but the plants are long-lived.这些花也许只开一天，但植物本身却很长寿。
例：...huge piles of long-lived radioactive material.一大堆耐久的放射性物质
adj. 长命的；历时长久的
 - macrobiotic

Word: personable
Front: personable
[ˈpɜ:sənəbl] (宝 19125/24236)
Vocabulary: personable
(once / 12024 pages)
adj
If you're personable, you're friendly and get along well with other people. Being personable is part of what makes you the star of the sales team — people just seem to like you.
Someone who's personable can be outgoing, charming, nice, bubbly, amiable, pleasing, or generous, but he doesn’t have to be all of those things — it just all needs to add up to being pleasant. You may be pleasant but not bubbly, and that’s personable. In fact, if you're too bubbly, you might stop being personable and become annoying, which is not personable.
WORD FAMILY
personable: personableness, personabler, personably+/depersonalise: depersonalisation, depersonalising/depersonalize: depersonalization, depersonalized, depersonalizing/ impersonal: impersonally/ interpersonal: interpersonally/nonperson: nonpersons/ person: foreperson, nonperson, personable, personal, personhood, personify, persons, unperson/ personal: impersonal, interpersonal, nonpersonal, personalise, personality, personalize, personally, personals/personalise: depersonalise, personalised, personalising/ personality: personalities/personalize: depersonalize, personalized, personalizes, personalizing/ personification: personifications/ personify: personification, personified, personifies, personifying/unperson: unpersons
USAGE EXAMPLES
“The thing about Donald is that he’s a very personable guy,” Greene said.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
He always envied Josh McCown, his former Carolina Panthers teammate, and how naturally personable he was.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Are you a curious, problem-solver, who is also proactive, efficient, creative, personable, and resourceful?
Slate(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: adj. 英俊的，风度好的
分布：风度翩翩的(100%)
→来自person,人，-able,形容词后缀。字面意思即像个人的，后词义褒义化，可能是相比野兽而言。比较personnel.
【记】长得像person的－气宇不凡的
【参】personage（n 要人；名流）；personification（n 化身；典范）；personnel（n 全体人员）
【反】unattractive（adj 不引人注意的）
US ['pɝ:-] formal
adjective
■having a pleasant appearance and character 讨人喜欢的；有魅力的；品貌兼优的
• She is intelligent, hard-working and personable. 她聪明、勤奋，很讨人喜欢。

Word: perfunctory
Front: perfunctory
[pəˈfʌŋktəri] (宝 19128/19126)
Vocabulary: perfunctory
(once / 2985 pages)
adj
Perfunctory means done as part of a routine or duty. If you give someone a gift and they look at it like it's roadkill and say nothing about it but a perfunctory "thank you," you might not be giving them another one anytime soon.
A person who does something in a perfunctory way shows little enthusiasm or interest in what they are doing. Many of our everyday greetings are perfunctory. For example, when we say hello and how are you, it's usually done out of habit. Perfunctory is from Latin perfunctus, from perfungi "to get through with, perform," formed from the Latin prefix per- "completely" plus fungi "to perform."
WORD FAMILY
perfunctory: perfunctorily
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s simply the absurdity of the questions and the perfunctory way in which they’re being asked.
Salon(Dec 25, 2016)
But some student activists see that response as a perfunctory fix to a deep-rooted problem.
Time(Dec 21, 2016)
In the rosy glow of victory, some of the call-and-response chants seemed more perfunctory than passionate.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 敷衍的; 马虎的; 肤浅的; 浅薄的
分布：敷衍的(100%)
→per-,完全的，-funct,功能，职责，词源同function,functionary.字面意思即完全的履行公事，词义贬义化，引申词义例行公事的，潦草的，不负责任的等。
草率的(per+funct作用+ory→没起好作用→草率的)[per-①表示"贯穿,自始至终"②表示"假,坏"]
草率的,不加思考的(per表面+funct+ory→在表面活动→草率的)[funct=perform,表示"活动"]
草率的(per表面＋funct做...表面上做)[-ory 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词,指场所等]
【记】per表面，funct功能，ory－表面上有功能－马虎敷衍的
【反】obsession（n 迷住；困扰）
US [pɚ'fʌŋk.tɚ.i] adjective
■done quickly, without taking care or interest 草率的；马虎的；敷衍的
• His smile was perfunctory. 他的笑容很敷衍。
adj. 敷衍的；马虎的；得过且过的
 - slapdash

Word: subject
Front: subject
[ˈsʌbdʒɪkt] (高雅宝 670/358 -K4)
Vocabulary: subject
(once / 23 pages)
1nv 2n 3nadjv 4adj
Subject can mean "topic," as in "Let's change the subject." It can also mean "to make someone do something," as in "Don't let your dad subject you to an hour-long lecture on fishing." It can also mean everyone in a country who is not the ruler, as in "The king greeted his subjects when he returned from abroad."
A subject could be a broad branch of knowledge, like Biology, or a very narrow focus, like the effects of drought on avocados. If you are painting a portrait, the person posing for you is your subject. Subject can also mean beholden, or subordinate. If you are traveling in England, but not an English subject, or citizen, then you are still subject to English law.
WORD FAMILY
subject: subjected, subjecting, subjection, subjects+/ subjection: subjections
USAGE EXAMPLES
And it’s the subject of “We Believe in Dinosaurs,” an upcoming documentary that is fundraising through Indiegogo.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Rather, he said, its goal was to capture the challenge of talking to young children about difficult subjects.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Several Israeli media outlets reported that Netanyahu is the subject of two police investigations.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 主题，话题; 学科，科目; [哲]主观
adj. 须服从…的; （在君主等）统治下的
v. 提供，提出; 使…隶属
时态：subjected, subjecting, subjects
分布：主题(48%)，话题(21%)，科目(17%)，服从的(3%)，使服从(3%)，题材(3%)，主观(2%)，使遭遇(1%)，使隶属(1%)，实验对象(1%)
→sub-,在下，-ject,投掷，扔，词源同 project,projectile.字面意思即扔在下面，引申词义被制服， 被控制，国民，臣民。后引申词义扔在下面，构成基础，主题，题目等。
主题,主观a.服从的(sub在...下面+ject_→扔下去→服从的,扔下去让大家讨论的主题)[ject=throw,cast,表示"投掷,扔"]
n.主题;学科a.隶属的;易遭...的v.使隶属The projector is subject to rejection and may be ejected from the project.投影机有遭到否决的倾向并可能被逐出工程.
【记】sub下面，ject扔：扔到下面－臣服者
【参】subjection（n 征服）
【反】potentate（n 当权者）
noun countable /ˈsʌb.dʒekt/
AREA OF STUDY 学习领域
 ESSENTIAL
■the thing which is being discussed, considered or studied 主题，话题；问题；题目
• Our subject for discussion is homelessness. 我们讨论的话题是无家可归问题。
• She has made a series of documentaries on the subject of family relationships. 她拍摄了一系列以家庭关系为题材的纪录片。
• The guest lecturer took as her subject (= decided to speak about) 'punishment and imprisonment in modern society'. 特别讲师演讲的题目是“现代社会的刑罚与监禁”。
• The number of planes flying over the town has been the subject of (= has caused) concern since last summer. 自去年夏天开始，从小镇上空飞过的飞机数量一直让人们忐忑不安。
 ESSENTIAL
■an area of knowledge which is studied in school, college or university 学科；科目；专业
• My favourite subjects at school were history and geography. 念书时，我最喜欢的科目是历史和地理。
• mainly UK Her subject (= special area of study) is low-temperature physics. 她的专业是低温物理学。
change the subject
 IMPROVER
■to start talking about a different subject 改变话题，换个话题
• I'd tried to explain the situation, but he just changed the subject. 我想把情况解释清楚，他却岔开话题。
noun countable /ˈsʌb.dʒekt/
GRAMMAR 文法
 ADVANCED specialized
■the person or thing which performs the action of a verb, or which is joined to a description by a verb 主语
• 'Bob' is the subject of the sentence 'Bob threw the ball'. Bob 是句子 Bob threw the ball 的主语。
Compare object
noun countable /ˈsʌb.dʒekt/
PERSON 人
■a person who lives in or who has the right to live in a particular country, especially a country with a king or queen （尤指君主制国家的）臣民，国民
• He is a British subject. 他是英国国民。
Compare citizen
verb transitive /səbˈdʒekt/
■to defeat people or a country and then control them against their wishes and limit their freedom 使臣服，征服，压服
• The invaders quickly subjected the local tribes. 入侵者很快就征服了当地的部落。
verb transitive /səbˈdʒekt/
  Phrasal Verbs  [often passive] subject sb/sth to sth
■to make someone or something experience an unpleasant or worrying thing 使承受，使遭受
• The inquiry found that they had been subjected to unfair treatment. 调查发现，他们曾受到过不公正待遇。
• "I didn't want to subject him to such a long journey," she said. “我不想让他长途跋涉。”她说。
adjective]ˈsʌb.dʒekt/
HAVING 拥有
be subject to sth
■to have or experience a particular thing, especially something unpleasant 有；遭受，承受
• Cars are subject to a high domestic tax. 买汽车要缴很高的国内税。
• In recent years, she has been subject to attacks of depression. 近年来，她一直饱受忧郁症的折磨。
adjective]ˈsʌb.dʒekt/
DEPEND 依赖
subject to sth
■depending on the stated thing happening 取决于，视…而定
• We plan to go on Wednesday, subject to your approval. 如果你同意，我们打算周三走。
• Moving all the books should not take long, subject to there being (= if there are) enough helpers. 如果有足够人手，把所有书都搬走花不了多少时间。
adjective]ˈsʌb.dʒekt/
GOVERN 统治
[before noun]
■under the political control of another country or state 使臣服，征服，压服
• subject peoples/states 被征服的民族／国家
topic, subject, theme, issue
这组词都有“主题、话题”的意思，其区别是：
topic: 普通用词，含义广泛，但其范畴小于subject。既可指文章、讲话的题目，谈话的内容，又可指提纲中的标题甚至段落的主题或中心思想。
subject: 一般用词，使用广泛。指书籍、文章、演讲、讨论等中所隐含的、暗示的，需要由读者或听众推断的主题或中心话题。
theme: 系正式用词，多指文学、艺术作品的主题，或论文、演说的主题。
issue: 指有争论、议论，急需讨论研究的热点话题。
course, subject
course: 课程(可包括多门科目),
subject: 科目(具体的学科)a summer course
apt, subject, liable, likely, prone
这组词都有“倾向于……的；易于……的”的意思，其区别是：
apt: 口语中常用，指自然的或习惯的倾向，无特殊的褒贬意味，常指在一般情况下发生的事。
subject: 指确实可以察觉的倾向，也就是总结出来的规律。
liable: 指易于产生某种不利的结果，侧重偶然性，常表示警告或提醒。
likely: 侧重可能性，用于指将来，预言希望或所不希望的结果。
prone: 多用于人，着重其本性，或倾向于某种错误、弱点或不良行为等。
n. [图情] 主题；科目； [语] 主语；国民
 - topic, theme, nation, titles, motive
adj. 服从的；易患…的；受制于…的
 - followed, compliant

Word: covertly
Front: covertly
['kʌvətlɪ] (19127/19457)
Back: adv. 偷偷摸摸地
分布：偷偷摸摸地(100%)
US [koʊ'vɝ:t.li] adverb
■secretly, or in a hidden way 秘密地；隐蔽地；偷偷摸摸地
• Terrorists have been operating covertly in England for several years. 恐怖分子已在英格兰秘密活动好几年了。
adv. 秘密地；偷偷摸摸地
 - quietly, underground, secretly, privately

Word: numeral
Front: numeral
[ˈnju:mərəl] (19071/21494)
Vocabulary: numeral
(once / 3196 pages)
nadj
A numeral is a number. When you set an online password, it's safest to use both numerals and letters.
The actual symbol that represents a number is technically known as a numeral, although you can use numeral and number interchangeably. You might have a watch with glow-in-the-dark numerals, or use the calculator on your smart phone to add up numerals. You can also use numeral as an adjective: "How many numeral cards are in the deck, and how many face cards?" The Latin root is numerus, or "number."
WORD FAMILY
numeral: numerals
USAGE EXAMPLES
Like a classic military dial, it’s black and the numerals are a bold, luminous white.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
Then she blew out the candles on her cake — not one for every year, but three numerals to show her age, 117.
Seattle Times(Nov 29, 2016)
On others I formed the letters of his name using Roman numerals.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
Back: n. 数词，数字
adj. 数字的
分布：数(56%)，数字(37%)，数字的(4%)，表示数字的(3%)
→numer-,数字，-al,形容词后缀。
US ['nu:-] noun countable
■a symbol that represents a number 数字
n. [计] [数] 数字
 - figure, digital, number
adj. [计] [数] 数字的；表示数字的
 - digital

Word: drumbeat
Front: drumbeat
[ˈdrʌmbi:t] (19131/37848)
Back: n. 鼓声，打鼓
分布：鼓声(82%)，大肆吹捧(9%)，连珠炮似的抨击(9%)
noun countable
■(the sound of) a single hit on a drum 敲鼓（声），鼓点
n. 鼓声；打鼓声
 - dub

Word: paragon
Front: paragon
[ˈpærəgən] (宝 19134/18984 -1)
Vocabulary: paragon
(once / 4289 pages)
n
Paragon applies to someone who is a model of perfection in some quality or trait. We link paragon with other words that follow it, such as "paragon of virtue" or "paragon of patience."
A paragon means someone or something that is the very best. The English noun paragon comes from the Italian word paragone, which is a touchstone, a black stone that is used to tell the quality of gold. You rub the gold on the touchstone and you can find out how good the gold is. You are hoping that it is the paragon of "goldness."
WORD FAMILY
paragon: paragons
USAGE EXAMPLES
After a weeklong renovation that cost $22,000, his two-car garage is a bright, welcoming paragon of order and efficiency.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Such studies are paragons of scientific collaboration and the exact opposite of creating minimum publishable units.
Economist(Nov 24, 2016)
By contrast, federal courts are supposed to be a paragon of American justice.
The Guardian(Nov 24, 2016)
Back: n. 模范; 典型; 十全十美的人; 完美无缺的人
分布：模范(61%)，典型(21%)，比得上(12%)，与 ... 比较(6%)
→来自意大利语paragone,磨刀石，试金石，来自para-,在旁，在周围，-ag,尖的，磨，来自ak,尖的，锋利的，词源同acid,acrid.引申词义典范，完人，圣人。
典范(para+gon角→旁边顶尖人物→典范)[para-①表示"半,类似,辅助"②表示"在旁边"③表示"降落伞"]
【记】para旁边，gon＝gan干－在边上干活－模范
【反】travesty（n 滑稽的漫画；滑稽模仿）
US ['per.ə.gɑ:n] noun countable
■a person or thing that is perfect or has an extremely large amount of a particular good characteristic 完人，尽善尽美的模范（或典型）
• In the novel, Constanza is a paragon of virtue. 在这本小说中，康斯坦萨是一个美德的典范。
n. 模范；完美之物；优秀之人
 - type, model, prototype
adj. 完美的
 - perfect, ideal, full, flawless

Word: deep-water
Front: deep-water
None None
Back: 深水
分布：深水(100%)

Word: Shakespearean
Front: Shakespearean
[ʃeik'spiəriən; -'spi:r-] (19130/22534)
Back: n. 莎士比亚研究家；莎士比亚的崇拜者
adj. 莎士比亚的；莎士比亚似的；莎士比亚风格的
分布：莎士比亚似的(100%)

Word: preen
Front: preen
[pri:n] (宝 19121/20130)
Vocabulary: preen
(once / 8461 pages)
v
When a bird or a cat preens, it smooths its feathers or cleans its fur. When you preen, you primp and pay careful attention to how you're dressed and groomed, as if you're inviting the whole world to watch you.
You can also preen just by puffing yourself up and congratulating yourself for something. You've just landed your triple flip on the ski jump, and, as you swoosh to a stop at the foot of the hill and take off your skis, you preen as you make your way through the adoring crowd.
WORD FAMILY
preen: preened, preening, preens
USAGE EXAMPLES
Many of them sport stylized renderings of leaping fish, lumbering elephants, soaring birds, prancing female nudes and prowling or preening panthers.
Seattle Times(Dec 19, 2016)
He jets around the country holding adulatory victory rallies in the manner of an authoritarian strongman, preening like some latter-day Juan Perón.
Washington Post(Dec 12, 2016)
Is the name of this restaurant in the Shoreditch area of London a cheeky nod to the neighborhood’s preening see-and-be-seen-ness?
New York Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. （鸟）用嘴整理（羽毛）
时态：preened, preening, preens
分布：精心打扮(47%)，整理羽毛(38%)，沾沾自喜(15%)
→来自prune拼写变体，来自prune,使圆润，剪枝，修剪，用于指鸟整理羽毛，引申词义打扮，修饰。
【记】源于：ee象两只看小镜子的眼睛－打扮
【参】plume（v 整理羽毛）
【反】rumple（v 弄皱）；raffle（n 杂物）词性不符
verb
MAKE TIDY 使整洁
intransitive or transitive
■(of a bird) to clean and arrange its feathers using its beak （鸟）用喙整理（羽毛）
intransitive or transitive disapproving
■to spend time making yourself look attractive 精心打扮
• Roald always spends ages preening (himself) before he goes out. 罗阿尔德出门前总是花很长时间精心打扮。
[pri:n] verb
FEEL PROUD 感到骄傲
[R] disapproving
■to feel very proud or satisfied with yourself because of an action or quality 感到得意，感到庆幸
• The government is publicly preening itself on the latest trade figures. 政府因为最近的贸易数字而在大众面前洋洋得意。
• The company preened itself for having taken on so many new employees last year. 该公司为去年招收了那么多新员工而感到颇为满意。
vt. 打扮；用嘴整理；赞扬
 - dress oneself, array

Word: enlistment
Front: enlistment
[ɪn'lɪstmənt] (19063/38553)
Back: n. 应征入伍，获得，取得
分布：征兵(100%)
N-UNCOUNT
参军;应征入伍
Enlistment is the act of joining the army, navy, marines, or air force.
例：Canadians seek enlistment in the US Marines because they don't see as much opportunity in the Canadian armed forces.加拿大人寻求加入美国海军陆战队，因为他们认为在加拿大军队里机会没那么多。
N-VAR
服兵役年限;服役期
Enlistment is the period of time for which someone is a member of one of the armed forces.
例：At the end of my term of enlistment I decided to return to civilian life.在我退役的时候，我决定复员过平民生活。

Word: brutalize
Front: brutalize
[ˈbru:təlaɪz] (19138/38498)
Back: vt. 使丧失人类情感，使变残忍; 残酷对待
vi. 变残忍，变粗暴
时态：brutalized, brutalizing, brutalizes
分布：残酷对待(72%)，使残酷无情(28%)
US [-tˌəl-] verb transitive
■to treat someone in a cruel and violent way 残忍对待
• The police in that country routinely brutalize prisoners. 那个国家的员警对待犯人通常都很残忍。

Word: discounted
Front: discounted
[ˈdiskauntid] (19118/21557)
Back: adj. 已贴现的；已折扣的
v. 打折扣(discount的过去分词)；不重视
分布：折扣(68%)，贴现(17%)，贴现率(7%)，打折扣(5%)，不全信(1%)，不重视(1%)，减息贷款(1%)
N-COUNT
减价;折扣
A discount is a reduction in the usual price of something.
例：They are often available at a discount...它们经常进行打折销售。
例：Full-time staff get a 20 per cent discount.全职员工享受 20% 的折扣。
VERB
给…打折;打折出售
If a shop or company discounts an amount or percentage from something that they are selling, they take the amount or percentage off the usual price.
例：This has forced airlines to discount fares heavily in order to spur demand...这迫使航空公司对机票大幅打折来刺激需求。
例：Tour prices are being discounted as much as 33%.旅行价格打了 6.7 折之多。
VERB
认为(某种思想、事实、理论)不重要;不全信;认为…不相关
If you discount an idea, fact, or theory, you consider that it is not true, not important, or not relevant.
例：However, traders tended to discount the rumor...然而，商人往往不相信这一谣传。
例：This theory has now been discounted.这个理论被打了折扣。

Word: unanimity
Front: unanimity
[ˌju:nəˈnɪməti] (托 19111/15279 -1)
Vocabulary: unanimity
(once / 2801 pages)
n
When there is unanimity, everyone agrees. When it comes to opinion, unanimity is the opposite of disagreement.
Unanimity is a word for a group of people all being of one mind. If everyone in the country voted for the same person for president, that would be complete unanimity. Just like uniforms make people look alike, this similar word indicates people are thinking alike. Unanimity doesn't happen often, because people tend to disagree about everything. When there is disagreement, there's no unanimity.
WORD FAMILY
unanimity: unanimities+/ unanimous: unanimity, unanimously
USAGE EXAMPLES
They said it was unable to achieve much because it was governed by unanimity.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
“No unanimity now for implementing short-term debt measures,” he added.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 14, 2016)
As such, he said there was “no unanimity” for implementing the short-term debt measures.
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 一致同意，全体一致
分布：全体一致(55%)，一致同意(45%)
→来自unanimous, 一致的。
一致,同意(un[=uni]+anim生命+ity→一个生命→一致)[un,uni=one,表示"单一,一个"]
US [-ə.tˌi] formal
noun uncountable
■the state of being unanimous 全体一致；意见一致
n. 同意，全体一致
 - agreement, yes, Ok, leave, Okay

Word: bereaved
Front: bereaved
[bɪˈri:vd] (19091/15813 -1)
Vocabulary: bereaved
(once / 3007 pages)
adjn
Bereaved is an adjective describing people in deep sorrow at the loss of a loved one. For some, being bereaved helps them leave the sadness or release themselves from it by experiencing it for awhile.
From the Old English berēafian, meaning "deprive of," bereaved describes the loss you feel when someone you love dies. You are suddenly deprived of the person's presence, and missing and mourning leads to being bereaved. Losing a pet causes similar feelings, and you can be bereaved when a person goes away but is still alive. Loss and separation even in life are still reason to be bereaved over the absence. If someone leaves and you miss them deeply, you may be bereaved.
WORD FAMILY
bereave: bereaved, bereavement, bereaves, bereaving+/ bereavement: bereavements
USAGE EXAMPLES
Increasingly, bereaved fathers are turning to groups such as Mr Scully-Sloan's.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
Their parents, of course, were no less bereaved for being more inured, and they were left without even snapshots to cherish.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Middleton hadn’t previously heard of Christmas Commandos, which visited more than 100 homes across Michiana on Christmas Eve to deliver gifts for bereaved families.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 刚刚丧失亲人的
v. 使失去（希望、生命等）( bereave的过去式和过去分词); （尤指死亡）使丧失（亲人、朋友等）; 使孤寂; <废>抢走（财物）
分布：丧失亲人的(55%)，丧失亲人的人(30%)，动词bereave的过去式和过去分词形式.(15%)
adjective
■having a close relation or friend who has recently died 失去亲友的
• a bereaved widow 失去亲人的寡妇
• The bereaved parents wept openly. 死者的双亲嚎哭起来。
[bɪ'ri:vd] plural noun
the bereaved
■people whose relations or friends have recently died 失去亲友的
• It is generally accepted that the bereaved benefit from counselling. 人们普遍认为心理咨询对于遭受丧亲之痛的人有好处。
adj. 丧失的；死了…的
 - lost

Word: exclusivity
Front: exclusivity
[ˌeksklu:ˈsɪvəti] (19119/20069)
Back: n. 排外（主义），排他性[主义]（尤指搞宗派、拉山头或闭关自守）
分布：排他性(81%)，独家经营权(19%)
→来自exclude, 排除。
ADJ-GRADED
高档的;高级的;奢华的
If you describe something as exclusive, you mean that it is limited to people who have a lot of money or who belong to a high social class, and is therefore not available to everyone.
例：He is already a member of Britain's most exclusive club...他已经是英国最高级俱乐部的成员了。
例：The City was criticised for being too exclusive and uncompetitive.伦敦城被指责过于奢华和缺乏竞争力。
ADJ
独用的;独有的;独享的
Something that is exclusive is used or owned by only one person or group, and not shared with anyone else.
例：Our group will have exclusive use of a 60-foot boat...我们小组将独用一条60英尺长的船。
例：Many of their cheeses are exclusive to our stores in Britain.在英国，他们生产的奶酪很多只在我们商店出售。
ADJ
（新闻报道）独家的
If a newspaper, magazine, or broadcasting organization describes one of its reports as exclusive, they mean that it is a special report which does not appear in any other publication or on any other channel.
例：He told the magazine in an exclusive interview: 'All my problems stem from drink'.他在接受一家杂志社的独家采访时说：“我所有的问题都是饮酒造成的。”
ADJ
不包括…的；不含…的
If a company states that its prices, goods, or services are exclusive of something, that thing is not included in the stated price, although it usually still has to be paid for.
例：All charges for service are exclusive of value added tax...所有服务费都不包括增值税。
例：Skiing weekends cost £58 (exclusive of travel and accommodation).周末滑雪价格为58英镑（不含交通和住宿费）。
PHRASE
相互排斥的;互不相容的
If two things are mutually exclusive, they are separate and very different from each other, so that it is impossible for them to exist or happen together.
例：They both have learnt that ambition and successful fatherhood can be mutually exclusive.他们两个人都认识到了追求理想和做个好父亲不能两者兼顾。

Word: two-fold
Front: two-fold
['tu:f'əʊld] None
Back: 双重的; 两倍的; 二重
分布：二倍的(50%)，双面的(50%)
adj. 双重的；两倍的；双折的
 - dual, double

Word: reinvention
Front: reinvention
[ri:ɪn'venʃn] (19098/-)
Back: n. 再创造、重塑。
分布：重新发明(100%)
VERB
彻底改变;改造
To reinvent something means to change it so that it seems different and new.
例：They have tried to reinvent their retail stores...他们一直在尝试改造他们的零售店。
例：He was determined to reinvent himself as a poet and writer.他下决心把自己重塑成一个诗人兼作家。
PHRASE
重复劳动;白费力
If someone is trying to reinvent the wheel, they are trying to do something that has already been done successfully.
例：Some of these ideas are worth pursuing, but there is no need to reinvent the wheel.这些观点中有些值得进一步探究，但是没有必要全盘重来。

Word: punter
Front: punter
[ˈpʌntə(r)] (18956/9016 -1)
Back: n. （赛马，足球赛时）下赌注者
分布：船夫(48%)，用篙撑船的人(31%)，打赌者(21%)
→来自punt,赌博，打赌。即赌客。
US [-tˌɚ] noun countable
GAMBLER 赌博者 UK specialized
■a person who makes a risks money guessing the result of something 赌博者
• Bookmakers are offering punters odds of 6-1 on the horse Red Devil winning the race. 对那匹叫“红色魔鬼”的马，赌马业者给下注人提出的获胜赔率是6比1。
UK ['pʌn.tər] US [-tˌɚ] noun countable
CUSTOMER 消费者 UK informal
■a customer; a user of services or buyer of goods 顾客；主顾；客户
• Many hotels are offering discounts in an attempt to attract punters/pull in the punters. 许多旅馆在进行打折以吸引顾客。
■UK informal
■a person who uses the services of a prostitute 嫖客
UK ['pʌn.tər] US [-tˌɚ] noun countable
BOAT 船只
■a person who travels in a punt 乘方头平底船的人
n. 船夫，用篙撑船的人
 - boatman

Word: colonizer
Front: colonizer
['kɒlənaɪzə(r)] (18984/40935)
Back: n. 殖民者，殖民地开拓者，移民
分布：殖民者(65%)，殖民地开拓者(35%)
VERB
在…开拓殖民地;将…建成殖民地
If people colonize a foreign country, they go to live there and take control of it.
例：The first British attempt to colonize Ireland was in the twelfth century...英国最早尝试在爱尔兰开拓殖民地是在12世纪。
例：Liberia was never colonised by the European powers...利比里亚从未沦落为欧洲强国的殖民地。
VERB
(动物)移生于，大批繁殖于
When large numbers of animals colonize a place, they go to live there and make it their home.
例：Toads are colonising the whole place.蟾蜍把这整个地方都占为己有。
VERB
(植物)大批生长于
When an area is colonized by a type of plant, the plant grows there in large amounts.
例：The area was then colonized by scrub.后来这块地灌木丛生。
n. 殖民者；殖民地开拓者；移入选民；移民
 - migration, transplantation

Word: escaped
Front: escaped
[ɪˈskeɪpt] (19129/22031)
Back: adj. 溜走
v. 逃脱( escape的过去式和过去分词 ); （气体，液体等）漏出; （未受伤或只受了一点伤害而）逃脱; 声音（不自觉地）由…发出
分布：动词escape的过去式和过去分词.(50%)，逃脱的(50%)
adjective [before noun]
■having got free 逃脱了的；逃跑了的
• an escaped prisoner 逃犯
adj. 逃走的；逸出的
 - runaway

Word: counterweight
Front: counterweight
[ˈkaʊntəweɪt] (19133/24371)
Back: n. 平衡物，称锤，平衡力
分布：平衡力(40%)，平衡物(32%)，砝码(28%)
US [-tˌɚ-] noun countable
■a weight that is as heavy as something else, so that the two objects can balance 平衡重，平衡锤，砝码
n. [机] 平衡力；平衡物
 - make weight, equilibrant

Word: prologue
Front: prologue
[ˈprəʊlɒg] (雅宝 19104/15608 -1)
Vocabulary: prologue
(once / 2018 pages)
n
With the lines, "Two households, both alike in dignity," Shakespeare begins the prologue to Romeo and Juliet, setting up the idea of two families who hate each other before introducing the lovers in the opening scene.
Like its buddy epilogue, which tells you what happens after the end of a story, a prologue is concerned with setup of a story. "As a prologue to what happened in the gym, I'll tell you about the food fight in the cafeteria earlier that day."
WORD FAMILY
prologue: prologise, prologize, prologs, prologues, prologuize+/prologise: prologises/prologize: prologizes, prologizing/prologuize: prologuizes, prologuizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The prologue is not just an effective way to frame the show and cushion the impact of its more offensive elements.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
A new prologue features the composer and librettist planning their next opera and admiring some Japanese objects.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
That eventful period, an entire career for most artists, was but a prologue.
Slate(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 序言，开场白
vi. 作序言，作开场白
分布：序幕(41%)，序言(35%)，开场白(24%)
→pro-,在前，-log,说话，词源同dialogue,lecture.即在前面说的话，序言，开场白。
前言,序言(pro+logue说→在前面说→前言)[pro-①表示"向前,在前"②表示"很多…"③表示"赞同,亲..."]
开场白(pro在前+logue→在前面说)[log,logu=speak,表示"说话"]
【记】pro前面，logue话－前面说的话－开场白
【反】epilogue（n 结束语；收场白）
US ['proʊ.lɑ:g] noun
countable
■a part that comes at the beginning of a play, story or long poem, often giving information about events that have happened before the time when the play, story or poem begins （戏剧的）开场白，开场诗，引子 Compare epilogue
only singular literary
■a series of events related to the main event and which happen before it （重大事件的）开端，序幕
• informal A series of internal struggles was the prologue to full-scale civil war. 一系列的内部斗争是爆发全面内战的序幕。
n. 开场白；序言
 - opening remarks, introductory remarks

Word: dutiful
Front: dutiful
[ˈdju:tɪfl] (宝 19141/19494 -1)
Vocabulary: dutiful
(once / 1253 pages)
adj
Are you a dutiful person? If you are, then you do as you're told, out of a feeling of duty and obligation. Dutiful children know this means cleaning one's room, taking out the trash, and not talking back!
The adjective dutiful is often used to describe obedient children, servants, and soldiers, as well as anyone else who willingly obeys orders. Not surprisingly, dutiful can also have a somewhat negative meaning. For example, if your graduation speaker gives a painfully boring address, you may respond with "dutiful applause" when it's over. That means you are clapping out of a sense of duty and respect, not because you thought the speech was any good.
WORD FAMILY
dutiful: dutifully, dutifulness, undutiful+/ duteous: duteously/ duty: duteous, dutiable, duties, dutiful /undutiful: undutifully, undutifulness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Garfield’s dutiful, contemplative Rodrigues faces the most grueling trial of all.
Time(Dec 22, 2016)
Artificial general intelligence will not involve dutiful adherence to explicit instructions, but instead will demonstrate a facility with the implicit, the interpretive.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Bennetts is unflinching and fair, but in the book’s latter half, the sheer volume of dutiful reporting starts to drag down the pace.
Washington Post(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: adj. 尽职的; 恭敬顺从的; 守本分的
分布：尽职的(58%)，顺从的(33%)，责任感强的(9%)
【源】duty（n 义务；责任；税）
US ['du:.tˌɪ-] adjective
■doing everything that you should do 尽责的，尽职的
• a dutiful son/husband 孝顺的儿子／有责任感的丈夫
adj. 忠实的；顺从的；守本分的
 - faithful, allegiant

Word: anesthesiologist
Front: anesthesiologist
[ˌænəsˌθi:ziˈɒlədʒɪst] (19002/-)
Back: n. 麻醉学者
分布：麻醉师(77%)，麻醉学家(23%)
US [-'ɑ:l.ə-] US specialized
noun countable
■ anesthetist
n. 麻醉学者（医师）
 - anaesthesiologist

Word: portraiture
Front: portraiture
[ˈpɔ:trətʃə(r)] (托 19055/17347)
Back: n. 肖像画法; 描绘; 描写; 传真
分布：肖像画(94%)，肖像画法(6%)
US ['pɔ:r.trɪ.tʃɚ] specialized
noun uncountable
■the practice or art of making portraits 肖像绘制；肖像画技法；人像摄影（法）

Word: dais
Front: dais
[ˈdeɪɪs] (19087/23468)
Vocabulary: dais
(once / 3514 pages)
n
A speaker stands on a dais, or a platform, when giving a presentation. If you were speaking at the Coffee Lovers of America's conference, you'd step onto the dais so the audience could see you over their enormous cups o' joe.
Dais comes to us from the Old French word deis, which was originally pronounced with only one syllable — more like days than the current day-us. If you take a course in a lecture hall, your professor will need to stand on the dais so everyone can see her better.
WORD FAMILY
dais: daises
USAGE EXAMPLES
On the dais in the afternoon, the debate got heated as advocates from both sides erupted into applause in the council chamber.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Stacks of file boxes, marked with names like Social Security Works, National Nurses United, and MoveOn, straddled the dais.
Slate(Dec 07, 2016)
“I care very little about helping someone in Virginia pay their rent,” Ms. May said Tuesday afternoon on the dais.
Washington Times(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: n. 台，讲台
分布：讲台(100%)
→来自法语。词源同desk,disk.
【记】dai拼：待，s死。待死－当演讲者很不容易，当你站在dais前慷慨激昂的讲话时，也有潜在的危险，比如你讲的很差，就会遭到鸡蛋和西红柿的光顾，更有甚者用石头，所以站在dais前就是待死的过程。
noun countable
■a raised surface at one end of a meeting room which someone can stand on when speaking to a group （会场的）讲台，主席台
n. 讲台
 - platform, lectern

Word: upswing
Front: upswing
[ˈʌpswɪŋ] (宝 19142/33918)
Back: n. 进步; 改进; 提高; 上升
vi. 提高，进步，改进
分布：向上摆动(22%)，回升时期(18%)，回升(18%)，上升(18%)，提高(12%)，改进(6%)，增长(6%)
【记】up上，swing（v 摆动）－向上摆动－上升
noun countable
■an increase or improvement 上涨，上升；改善
• Many analysts are predicting an upswing in the economy. 许多分析家预测经济状况将会好转。
n. 上升；增加；向上摆动
 - enhancement, increase, gain, rise, upgrade
vi. 提高；回升；向上摆动
 - rebound, step up

Word: naw
Front: naw
[nɔ:] (18924/29838)
Back: adv. <俚>不，不是，没有（用以表示否定的回答）

Word: cajole
Front: cajole
[kəˈdʒəʊl] (宝 19154/19954 -1)
Vocabulary: cajole
(once / 2719 pages)
v
To cajole someone is to persuade them by using insincere compliments or promises. If you say "Please, pretty-please, I'll be your best friend," when asking for a stick of gum, you are cajoling the gum holder.
The origin of this word is probably a blend of two French words meaning "to chatter like a jaybird" and "to lure into a cage." When you cajole that guy into lending you some money, picture him as the bird going into the cage. In fact, the word cajole may be associated with another French word meaning "to put in jail."
WORD FAMILY
cajole: cajoled, cajolery, cajoles, cajoling+/cajolery: cajoleries/cajoling: cajolingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was founded in 2010 to try to cajole, pressure and embarrass both federal and local governments into providing government-guaranteed treatment.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
He tried everything to change Conn’s institutional mind, even creating a hashtag, #talktothehaggler, and asking readers to cajole the company through a deluge of tweets.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
She could also use the bully pulpit and her influence with conservative foundations to cajole governors to embrace vouchers.
Economist(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: vt. 劝诱，以甜言蜜语哄骗
vt. & vi. 勾引
时态：cajoled, cajoling, cajoles
分布：动词(88%)，名词(12%)
→co-, 强调。-jole, 同jay, 松鸦，俚语义傻瓜。
【记】caj＝cage笼子，jole＝jail监狱－把鸟、人诱入（笼子、监狱）－哄骗；
【参】cajolery（n 甜言蜜语，诱骗，谄媚＝coaxing）
US [-'dʒoʊl] verb intransitive or transitive
■to persuade someone to do something they might not want to do, by pleasant talk and (sometimes false) promises 劝诱；哄骗，诱骗
• He really knows how to cajole people into doing what he wants. 他精于哄骗人们为他做事。
• I managed to cajole her out of leaving too early. 我设法说服了她不要过早离开。
• The most effective technique is to cajole rather than to threaten. 最有效的方法是劝诱而不是威胁。
vt. 以甜言蜜语哄骗；勾引
 - accost

Word: heiress
Front: heiress
[ˈeəres] (19145/15679)
Back: n. 女继承人，嗣女
分布：女继承人(100%)
→heir,继承人，-ess,表阴性。
女继承人(heit继承人)[-ress 1.表名词,指"女性"2.表名词,指"物品"]
US ['er.es] noun countable
■a woman or girl who will receive or already has received a lot of money, property or a title from another person, especially an older member of the same family, when that person dies 女继承人；嗣女
• the heiress to the throne 王位的女继承人
• a Texan oil heiress 德克萨斯的石油女继承人
⇒ See also heir
n. 女继承人
 - inheritress

Word: provost
Front: provost
[ˈprɒvəst] (六 19065/21982)
Vocabulary: provost
(once / 1827 pages)
n
A provost is an administrator at a college or university. The provost is very important to the school.
If you go to a middle school or high school, you've probably never heard of a provost. That's because this is a type of high-ranking administrator at a college or university. The provost usually ranks higher than the deans (who head different departments) but not as high as the president of the school. The provost is involved with many important decisions for the school. This word originally referred to a religious leader, and it still carries a lot of authority.
WORD FAMILY
provost: provosts
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Etchemendy, the provost, insisted there was no special treatment for athletes or anyone else.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
D’Anieri will resign as provost next June and return to his faculty appointment in the Department of Political Science and the School of Public Policy.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Provost Dr. Leon Wilson was chosen to serve the post on an interim basis.
Washington Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. （美国某些大学的）教务长; （苏格兰的）市长; （英国某些大学中的）学院院长; 座堂主任
分布：教区长(100%)
→来自古法语provost,来自拉丁语propositus,首长，头领，来自pro-,向前，在前，-posit,放置，词源同position.后用于称呼学院院长或教务长。
US ['prɑ:.vəst] noun countable UK (in some universities) the person in charge of a particular college （某些大学中的）学院院长
• the Provost of King's College, Cambridge 剑桥大学国王学院的院长
US
■an important official who helps to run a college or university （学院或大学的）教务长
n. 教务长；院长；监狱看守
 - Dean, academic dean

Word: gent
Front: gent
[dʒent] (19117/11939 -1)
Back: n. 先生; 绅士; 男子; 男厕所
adj. 优美的; 雅致的
分布：绅士(100%)
noun
countable old-fashioned
■a gentleman (= polite man who behaves well towards other people, especially women) （尤指对女士）彬彬有礼的男士，有教养的男人；君子
the gents UK only singular [+ sing/pl verb]
■a public toilet for men 男厕所
n. 绅士；假绅士；男子；男厕
 - Senes, gemman

Word: hump
Front: hump
[hʌmp] (托 13883/14914 -1)
Back: n. （驼）峰，（人的）驼背; 动物背部的隆肉; 小土丘，圆岗; [铁路]驼峰调车场
vt. 使隆起; 使烦恼; 扛或背（某物）; [粗俗用语][俚语]与（某人）性交
vi. [俚语]使自己苦干; [俚语]快速地移动
时态：humped, humping, humps
分布：驼背(34%)，弓起(19%)，使隆起(16%)，圆形隆起物(9%)，土墩(6%)，碰撞(6%)，恼火(4%)，敲击成圆丘形(3%)，肿块(3%)
→来自Proto-Germanic*hump,来自kemb,弯，转，词源同cubicle,hip.引申词义连绵的山丘，土墩，后用于指骆驼的驼峰，人的驼背。
noun
LUMP 隆起
countable
■a large round raised area or part 隆起；凸起
• The car hit a hump in the road and swerved. 汽车撞上了路面的一个隆起而突然转向。
• UK Local residents are asking for speed humps (= raised areas across the road which make people drive slowly) to be installed in their street. 当地居民要求在大街上设置减速丘。
countable
■a round raised part on a person's or animal's back 驼峰；（人的）驼背
• Some types of camel have two humps and others have one. 有些种类的骆驼有两个驼峰，而其他的只有一个。
⇒ See also humpbacked
[hʌmp] noun
ANGER 愤怒
[hʌmp] noun
be over the hump informal
■to be past the most difficult or dangerous part of an activity or period of time 完成了最困难的部分；渡过难关
• It's been hard work but I think we're over the hump now. 这是一项很艰苦的工作，但我想我们已经完成最困难的部分了。
[hʌmp] noun
get the hump UK informal
■to get upset and annoyed with someone because you think they have done something bad to you 生气；闷闷不乐
[hʌmp] verb
CARRY 搬运
transitive usually + adverb or preposition informal
■to carry or lift something heavy with difficulty （费力地）扛，背，驮
• My back really aches after humping those heavy boxes around all day. 扛了一天那些很重的箱子，我的背真的很痛。
[hʌmp] verb
HAVE SEX 性交
intransitive or transitive offensive
■to have sex (with someone) （与某人）性交
n. 驼峰；驼背；圆形隆起物
 - kyphosis, hunchback
vi. 隆起；弓起；努力；急速行进
 - apply oneself, struggle, labor
vt. 使隆起；使烦恼
 - trouble, irk

Word: salaried
Front: salaried
[ˈsælərid] (19143/15791 -1)
Back: adj. 领薪水的; 有薪水的
v. 给…薪水(salary的过去式和过去分词)
分布：拿薪水的(56%)，领工资的(44%)
US [-ɚ-] adjective
■being paid a salary 支领薪水的，有薪水的
• salaried employees/workers/staff 支薪的雇员／工人／员工

Word: wintry
Front: wintry
[ˈwɪntri] (19152/19319)
Vocabulary: wintry
(once / 1634 pages)
1adj 2adj
If it makes you think of winter, it's wintry. Use the adjective wintry to describe a cold, gray January day.
The adjective wintry is sometimes spelled wintery. Either way, it describes something that happens in the winter time, or that reminds you of winter in some way. A photograph of your uncle's snow-covered Christmas tree farm shows a wintry scene, and a blustery wind on a February morning will feel wintry. It can also describe a person who is emotionally cool or unfriendly: "Her greeting was wintry, and she refused to shake my hand."
WORD FAMILY
wintry: wintrier, wintriest, wintrily+/overwinter: overwintered, overwintering, overwinters/winter: midwinter, overwinter, wintered, wintering, winterise, winterize, winters, wintery, wintry /winterize: winterized, winterizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Enjoy the wintry night sky full of stars through telescopes afterward, weather permitting.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Consider using a nontraditional color palette that is more wintry than Christmasy.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Ms. Munro’s northern world is a place of drab, wintry tones and buttoned-up emotions, a far cry from Mr. Almodóvar’s empire of passions.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 冬天的; 冬天似的; 寒冷的; 风雪交加的
分布：冬天的(67%)，冷漠的(33%)
→来自winter,冬天，引申词义寒冷。
adjective
LIKE WINTER 像冬天
■typical of winter 冬天的；冬天特有的；冬令的
• It looks like this wintry weather is here to stay. 好像这种寒冷的天气停在这里不走了。
• This afternoon we may see some wintry showers (= snow mixed with rain) over higher ground. 今天下午高原地区有雨夹雪。
• Wintry conditions are making roads hazardous for drivers in the northeast of England. 英格兰东北部地区的寒冷天气给司机驾车带来不安全因素。
['wɪn.tri] adjective
EXPRESSION 表达 literary
■unfriendly and disapproving 不友好的；冷冰冰的
• She gave a wintry smile. 她冷冷地笑了笑。
adj. 寒冷的，冬天的；冷淡的
 - cold, chilly

Word: estrangement
Front: estrangement
[ɪˈstreɪndʒmənt] (19137/22167)
Vocabulary: estrangement
(once / 3917 pages)
n
Estrangement is the feeling that you don't belong, especially when you're surrounded by other people. If you've ever had to sit by yourself in a school cafeteria, you know what estrangement feels like.
Right in the middle of the word estrangement is strange, and it provides a great clue about how to use the word. Estrangement happens when something — or someone — makes you feel like a stranger. It can describe a couple that's split up or the alienation of a former friend. The meaning hasn't changed much from its Latin root, extraneare, "treat as a stranger."
WORD FAMILY
estrangement: estrangements+/ estrange: estranged, estrangement, estranges, estranging
USAGE EXAMPLES
Afloat, Raban writes, he found a “sea-distance” that matched his sense of estrangement from Britain, and the grounding stability that eluded him on land.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
This estrangement from the sacred continues a trend begun during the Enlightenment of the 18th century.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
They demonstrated signs of a traumatic life, like severe social isolation, school or job failure, or family estrangement.
Salon(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 疏远，失和，不和
分布：疏远(100%)
→来自estranged, 分居的。
【记】estrange（v 疏远）；strange（adj 陌生的；生疏的）
【反】reconciliation（n 和解；调和；顺从）；rapprochement（n 和睦）
N-VAR
疏远;疏远期;分居（期）
Estrangement is the state of being estranged from someone or the length of time for which you are estranged.
例：The trip will bring to an end years of estrangement between the two countries...此行将会结束两国多年来的疏远关系。
例：That day marked the beginning of a 20-year estrangement.从那一天开始了长达20年的互不往来。
n. 疏远；失和
 - distance, alienation

Word: overcome
Front: overcome
[ˌəʊvəˈkʌm] (高研四六托雅 2707/2462 -K3)
Vocabulary: overcome
(once / 166 pages)
v
Use the verb overcome when you talk about someone who has triumphed over adversity. It's great to see a friend who's always struggled in school overcome his learning disabilities and make the honor roll.
You can also be overcome with emotions, or overwhelmed by your feelings. Many people feel so overcome with sadness at a movie — or happiness at a wedding — that they regret not bringing a pile of tissues with them. The verb overcome also means to win or surpass. If you are going to win the marathon, you are going to have to overcome the five runners still ahead of you.
WORD FAMILY
overcome: overcame, overcomer, overcomes, overcoming+/overcomer: overcomers
USAGE EXAMPLES
That won’t be enough for them to overcome their quarterback issues later in the playoffs.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
“I’m interested in military topics, masculine hobbies, hard, tough, extreme things, things that require you to overcome physical discomfort,” he said.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
To overcome those challenges, the new community plan focuses on the trolley line, particularly the Beyer Boulevard Station one stop north of the border.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 战胜，克服; 压倒，制服，…不堪
vt. 被（烟、感情等）熏[压]倒，使受不了
vi. 受到…的极大影响
时态：overcame, overcome, overcoming, overcomes
分布：克服(85%)，战胜(11%)，获胜(2%)，使受不了(1%)，赢(1%)
→over-,在上，超过，come,来到。原义为赶上，超过，引申词义克服，战胜。
战胜,克服(over+come来→来到上面→战胜)[over-①表示"过度,过分"②表示"在……之上"③表示"翻转"]
v.战胜,克服The firm fireman first overcame thirst desire.坚定的消防员首先克服口渴欲望.
US [ˌoʊ.vɚ-] (overcame, overcome)
verb
DEAL WITH 对付
 IMPROVER intransitive or transitive
■to defeat or succeed in controlling or dealing with something 克服；战胜；攻克；解决
• Juventus overcame Ajax in a thrilling match. 尤文图斯队在这场扣人心弦的比赛中，战胜了阿贾克斯队。
• to overcome difficulties/obstacles/problems/resistance 克服困难／障碍／难题／阻力
• Eventually she managed to overcome her shyness in class. 她终于克服了上课时的羞怯。
• Twenty thousand demonstrators sang "We shall overcome" as they marched through Washington today. 今天，两万名示威者高唱著「我们会胜利”在华盛顿街头游行。
UK [ˌəʊ.və'kʌm] US [ˌoʊ.vɚ-] (overcame, overcome)
verb
UNABLE TO ACT 不能行动
   transitive usually passive
■to prevent someone from being able to act or think in the usual way 使受不了；使无法行动（或思考）
• They were overcome by fumes from the fire and had to be carried out of their houses. 他们被大火的浓烟熏倒，不得不被抬出家门。
• Overcome with/by emotion, she found herself unable to speak for a few minutes. 她激动得难以自持，有好几分钟说不出话来。
undergo, overcome, overthrow, withhold
undergo: 经受、经历、遭受
overcome: 克服、战胜；
overthrow: 推翻、颠覆；
withhold: 压住、制住、抑制；
defeat, beat, overcome, conquer, subdue, overthrow
这组词都有“征服，战胜”的意思，其区别是：
defeat: 普通用词，多指在战争、比赛、竞选或辩论中战胜对手，侧重胜利的暂时性。
beat: 口笔语均可用，可与defeat换用。
overcome: 多指战胜或克服非物质的东西，如困难和不良习惯等。语气较弱也可指在斗争或竞争中战胜或压倒对方。
conquer: 侧重战胜和控制。书面用词。
subdue: 正式用词，与conquer同义，但强调失败后的臣服状态；也可用作借喻，表克制、压抑感情、欲望等。
overthrow: 指彻底击败对手，使其丧失力量和地位。
vt. 克服；胜过
 - exceed, cap, surmount
vi. 克服；得胜
 - rise above, get over sth

Word: first-place

Word: melee
Front: melee
[ˈmeleɪ] (19160/24237)
Vocabulary: melee
(once / 8024 pages)
n
A melee is a noisy free-for-all or rowdy fight — a no holds barred, battle royal, if you will. It's what pro wrestlers engage in every night, and shoppers endure at the toy store every holiday season.
If you think melee sounds like a fancy French way to say "crazy bar brawl," you're right: It comes from the French mêlée which means "confused fight or mixture.” What makes a melee different than any other fight is that element of chaos or confusion — so don't jump into a brewing melee unless you're really ready to bring the ruckus.
WORD FAMILY
melee: melees
USAGE EXAMPLES
Twenty years later callers described officers assembling at Tompkins Square Park just before a melee with people protesting a curfew there.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
No one was seriously injured in the mall melees, which, during the panic, also prompted numerous false reports of gunfire.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
The spokesman said cabin crew followed regulations and did not fire the stun gun for fear of injuring nearby passengers in the melee.
Reuters(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. <主文> 混战; 乱战; 混乱; 混乱的人群
分布：混战(88%)，互殴(12%)
→来自古法语meslee,混战，混合，词源同mix,meddle,medley.引申词义混乱，混乱的人群等。
noun countable usually singular literary
■a large noisy uncontrolled crowd, in which people are moving in different directions and sometimes fighting with each other 混乱；混乱的人群
• We lost sight of each other in the melee. 混乱中我们失散了。
n. 混战，格斗；互殴
 - mix-up, in-fighting

Word: liquidation
Front: liquidation
[ˌlɪkwɪˈdeɪʃn] (19108/8993)
Back: n. 清偿; 结算; 清算; 清除
分布：停止营业(100%)
VERB
停业清理，清算，清盘（破产的公司等）
To liquidate a company is to close it down and sell all its assets, usually because it is in debt.
例：A unanimous vote was taken to liquidate the company.全体投票一致通过停业清理公司。
VERB
将（资产等）变换成现金；变卖
If a company liquidates its assets, its property such as buildings or machinery is sold in order to get money.
例：The company closed down operations and began liquidating its assets in January.公司停止了各项业务，于1月份开始变卖资产。
VERB
清除；（通常指）杀戮
If someone in a position of power liquidates people who are causing problems, they get rid of them, usually by killing them.
例：They have not hesitated in the past to liquidate their rivals.过去他们曾毫不犹豫地铲除对手。
n. [会计] 清算；偿还；液化；清除
 - payment, cleaning, repayment

Word: sentient
Front: sentient
[ˈsentiənt] (宝 16780/33396)
Vocabulary: sentient
(once / 5160 pages)
adj
Someone sentient is able to feel things, or sense them. Sentient usually occurs in phrases like "sentient beings" and "sentient creatures," making it clear that things that don’t have life don’t have feelings. Explain that to a pet rock.
Sentient comes from the Latin sentient-, "feeling," and it describes things that are alive, able to feel and perceive, and show awareness or responsiveness. Having senses makes something sentient, or able to smell, communicate, touch, see, or hear. Whether or not plants and living things other than animals and people are sentient depends on whom you ask.
WORD FAMILY
sentient: insentient, sentience, sentiency, sentiently+/insentient: insentience
USAGE EXAMPLES
She is a sentient being who grips the gilt-edged rim and stares into the ewer’s depths like a priestess awaiting divination from the gods.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
One sentient branch of the tree of life is descended from the animals that crawled onto dry land hundreds of millions of years ago.
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
Bernard has taken his own “life” after becoming sentient.
Time(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 有感觉能力的; 有知觉力的
分布：有感情的(53%)，有知觉的(47%)
→来自拉丁语 sentire,感觉，感知，词源同 sense.-ent,形容词后缀。
有知觉的(sent感觉+I+ent)[-ent 1.表示形容词"…的"2.表名词"…药剂"3.表名词"…人"]
【记】sent感觉，ient－有感觉的
【参】sentimental（adj 感伤性的）
【反】unconscious（adj 不省人事的；无意识的）
['sen.tɪ.ənt] ['sen.tʃənt] formal
adjective
■able to experience physical and possibly emotional feelings 有知觉力的；有感觉力的
• It is hard for a sentient person to understand how any parents could treat their child so badly. 通人情的人很难理解一些父母怎么能如此虐待自己的孩子。
adj. 有感情的；有感觉力的；意识到的
 - aware, conscious

Word: catharsis
Front: catharsis
[kəˈθɑ:sɪs] (宝 19148/33691)
Vocabulary: catharsis
(once / 30941 pages)
n
Use the noun catharsis to refer to the experience a person can have of releasing emotional tension and feeling refreshed afterwards.
Conceived by Aristotle as the cleansing effect of emotional release that tragic drama has on its audience, catharsis stems from a Greek verb meaning "to purify, purge." Today, it can be used to describe any emotional release, including a good long laugh or cry that is followed by a sense of balance and freshness afterwards.
WORD FAMILY
catharsis
USAGE EXAMPLES
“One of the benefits of doing a project like this is using my artistic abilities as a form of catharsis.”
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
“Hopefully there’s a real emotional catharsis that is more primal than intellectual.”
The Guardian(Dec 16, 2016)
There’s no real catharsis here, but many witty, unexpected surprises with the bittersweet ingredients of real life.
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 宣泄; 情绪的抒发; 导泻; 感情（受艺术的作用而起的）净化
分布：净化(49%)，导泻(27%)，精神发泄(16%)，洗涤(8%)
→词源不详，由古希腊哲学家亚里士多德所创。词源同英语常见名Catherine.
导泻;精神发泄[cathar=pure(纯洁)]
【参】cathartic（n 泻药＝purgative）：净化肚子－泻药
【记】cathar读：卡撒（布兰卡）－一首净化心灵的情歌。
US [-'θɑ:r-] (plural catharses)
noun countable or uncountable
■the process of releasing strong emotions through a particular activity or experience, such as writing or theatre, which helps you to understand those emotions 情感宣泄，精神净化（如透过写作、戏剧等活动或经历）
n. [医] 泻法，导泻；净化；精神发泄
 - purification, distillation

Word: derivative
Front: derivative
[dɪˈrɪvətɪv] (托宝 10778/9140 -1)
Vocabulary: derivative
(once / 1514 pages)
nadj
Alert: shifting parts of speech! As a noun, a derivative is kind of financial agreement or deal. As an adjective, though, derivative describes something that borrows heavily from something else that came before it.
The economic meltdown of the last decade is due largely to the mismanagement of derivatives, which are deals based on the outcome of other deal. A movie plot might be described as derivative if it steals from another film — say, if it lifts the tornado, the witch, and the dancing scarecrow from The Wizard of Oz.
WORD FAMILY
derivative: derivatively, derivatives, underivative+/ derivation: derivational, derivations/ derive: derivable, derivation, derivative, derived, derives, deriving/ derived: underived
USAGE EXAMPLES
In 2005, Deutsche Bank, then a powerhouse in the selling of risky derivatives on a global scale, was minting money.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Dollar International Swaps and Derivatives Association Fix, which is used to set prices for interest-rate swaps.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Other settlements were reached with varying groups of banks over cartels related to derivatives and benchmarks in Swiss francs and yen.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. [数]导数，微商; [化] 衍生物，派生物; [语]派生词
adj. 衍生的; 导出的; 拷贝的
分布：导数(89%)，派生物(5%)，派生的(5%)，衍生字(1%)
【记】de下面，rive＝river河－下面的河－支流－派生
【参】derive（v 起源；派生）；derivation（n 来历；出处；词源）
【反】precursory（adj 先驱的）；innovative（adj 创新的）；seminal（adj 种子的；开创性的）
US [-ţɪv] disapproving
■If something is derivative, it is not the result of new ideas, but has been developed from something else 缺乏独创性的；模仿的
• His painting/style is terribly derivative. 他的油画／风格有很重的模仿痕迹。
noun countable UK [dɪˈrɪv.ɪ.tɪv] US [-ə.ţɪv] specialized
■a form of something, such as a word, made or developed from another form 衍生物，派生物；派生词
• 'Detestable' is a derivative of 'detest'. 生字 detestable 是从 detest 派生而来的。
n. [化学] 衍生物，派生物
 - ramification, offshoot
adj. 派生的；引出的
 - extracted, descendent

Word: frat
Front: frat
[fræt] (19132/-)
Vocabulary: frat
(once / 22818 pages)
n
A frat is a club for male college students. The stereotypical frat boy is a rich kid on spring break drinking beer, doing chest bumps, and crashing Daddy’s Mercedes. But of course some frat boys are very nice. Seriously, bro.
The word frat is short for fraternity, and both words mean "body of men associated by common interest," from the Latin root fraternitatem, or "brotherhood." A frat will usually have their own house and a name made up of two or three Greek letters. A frat can be a close-knit community of young men who live, work, and volunteer in the community together. Some frats, however, are exclusionary societies that haze new members and throw drunken campus parties.
WORD FAMILY
frat: frats
USAGE EXAMPLES
John Landis’ comedy classic hosts the best frat party of all time.
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
The banners were to promote the pub’s New Year’s Eve “frat party”, billed as an event “sure to anger the neighbours”.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
A software developer who acts like a frat boy.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: n. 兄弟会
分布：兄弟会(76%)，大学男生联谊社(16%)，=fraternity.(8%)
noun countable US informal for
■fraternity (= a social organization for male university students in the US and Canada) （美国或加拿大的）男大学生联谊会

Word: understated
Front: understated
[ˌʌndəˈsteɪtɪd] (宝 19153/33269 -1)
Back: adj. 朴素的，简朴的; 轻描淡写的; 有节制的; 低调的
vt. 没有充分地陈述实情(understate的过去式和过去分词); 少说，少报（某数目等）; 轻描淡写地陈述
vi. 轻描淡写的陈述，不完全的陈述
分布：朴素的(54%)，不夸张的(21%)，简朴的(15%)，动词understate的过去式和过去分词形式.(10%)
US [-dɚ'steɪ.tˌɪd] adjective
■not trying to attract attention or impress people 朴素的；轻描淡写的；不夸张招摇的
• approving He's very elegant, in an understated way. 他的优雅是一种随意自然的流露。
adj. 低调的；朴素的；轻描淡写的；不夸张的
 - plain, low-key

Word: verge
Front: verge
[vɜ:dʒ] (研六雅宝 6637/6843 -2)
Vocabulary: verge
(once / 573 pages)
1nv 2n
Think of an edge, a border, a boundary, and you are thinking about the verge, the point where something begins or ends.
We talk about a nervous person being on the verge of a breakdown, or about a scientist being on the verge of a major breakthrough, but the British have another good physical meaning: they call the strip of grass that borders a walkway the verge, giving you a clear mental picture that goes beyond the abstract.
WORD FAMILY
verge: verged, verges, verging
USAGE EXAMPLES
Israel’s Knesset is on the verge of legalizing what were once illegal outposts.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Now, more than a decade later, the Saints are a civic treasure and the Chargers on the verge of leaving San Diego.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
“Did he realize the forces he was on the verge of unleashing?”
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 边，边缘; 界限; 范围; 起始点
vi. 接近，逼近; 处于边沿或边缘
时态：verged, verging, verges
分布：边缘(72%)，接近(15%)，濒于(7%)，界限(2%)，权杖(1%)，下沉(1%)，趋于(1%)，处在...的边沿(1%)
→来自拉丁语virga,小杆，绿枝，引申词义小草地。同时，因用做教堂司事的权杖，引申词义管辖范围，管辖范围的边缘。
n.边,边缘v.濒临The energetic enemy submerged in the water on the verge of the emergency.在紧急情况快要发生时精力充沛的敌军沉入水中.
【记】源于：edge（n 边缘）
US [vɝ:dʒ] noun countable
■the edge or border of something 边；边缘；边沿
• They set up camp on the verge of the desert. 他们在沙漠边缘扎下了营地。
■UK (US shoulder)
■the strip of land which borders a road or path 路边；路肩
• She left her car by the side of the road and walked along the grass verge to the emergency phone. 她把车停在公路旁，沿着长满草的路边走到了紧急电话亭。
UK [vɜ:dʒ] US [vɝ:dʒ] noun countable
on the verge (of) (also to the verge of)
■If you are on the verge of something or come to the verge of something, you are very near to experiencing it 接近于…；濒于…
• on the verge of collapse/success/tears/death/disaster/war 濒于崩溃／接近成功／差点流泪／濒临死亡／濒临灾难／处于战争的边缘
• Her husband's violent and abusive behaviour drove her to the verge of despair. 她丈夫的暴力和虐待行为将她逼到了近乎绝望的境地。
UK [vɜ:dʒ] US [vɝ:dʒ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  verge on sth
■to be almost a particular state, quality or feeling, especially one that is very bad or very good 接近；濒临
• At times, his performance verged on brilliance, but at others it was only ordinary. 他的表现有时候近乎完美，但有时候却又显得稀松平常。
verge, edge, brim, margin, border, fringe, rim
这组词都有“边，边缘”的意思，其区别是：
verge: 指明显地标志一个表在或一广阔空间的边界，或终端线，也指极狭窄的空间。常用作比喻。
edge: 普通用词，指较窄的边沿。
brim: 指深容器的内边或河、湖等水域的最高线。
margin: 指物体的空白边，一般较宽。
border: 侧重刚好在界线内的一部分表面上，指较宽的边缘，也可指边缘本身。
fringe: 指地毯的须边、围巾的花边、烫发的卷边或人群的边缘。
rim: 指圆形或有曲线的物体的边缘。
frontier, verge, border, boundary, rim
这组词都有“边界”的意思，其区别是：
frontier: n.边界，边境，边疆，指靠近边界(boundary)的区域；也可引申为"未开发的领域"，"(学术的)前沿"等。
 • The American West was still a frontier a century ago.   一个世纪以前美国西部还是一片边疆。
 • She is a biochemist who works on the frontiers of biology.   她是从事生物学前沿研究的生化学家。
verge: n. (道路、花坛等长着草的)边缘，引申为"某事即将发生之际"。
 • on the verge of war   战争爆发之际
border: n.较宽的边缘，边界，多指两国或两地之间的分界处附近的边缘地区、边界地带；也可以指物体的边缘等。
 • We crossed the Mexican bordersintosthe USA.   我们穿过墨西哥边界进入美国境内。
boundary: n.边界；界线。多指作为界线的标识物等。
 • The fence marks the boundary between my land and hers.   这道栅栏是我的地和她的地的分界线。
rim: n.边，边缘，尤指圆形或近似圆形的物体的边缘。
vi. 濒临，接近；处在边缘
 - go on for, come close to
n. 边缘
 - margin, brink, suburb, beaded edge

Word: posthumous
Front: posthumous
[ˈpɒstjʊməs] (托雅 19140/18886 -1)
Vocabulary: posthumous
(once / 2740 pages)
adj
If something happens after someone dies, it is described as posthumous — like the posthumous interest in the music of a singer who died "a nobody."
The adjective posthumous comes from Latin — post means "after" and humare, "to bury." (You might also think of humus, which means "dirt" or "earth.") So something that is posthumous happens after a person is dead, like the posthumous discovery that your humble neighbor who lived very modestly was actually a multi-millionaire, or the posthumous publication of a book that the writer finished just before she died.
WORD FAMILY
posthumous: posthumously +/humous: posthumous
USAGE EXAMPLES
The intertwining of madness and genius remains an essential part of his posthumous legend, and Lowell himself saw the two as related.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Mr. Shikler rose to fame when he was commissioned to create a posthumous portrait of President Kennedy.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
On Friday, after chief suspect Anis Amri was killed in a Milan shootout, Telegram broadcast his posthumous video.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 死后的; 遗腹的，死后出生的; 作者死后出版的
分布：死后的(63%)，遗腹的(23%)，死后出版的(14%)
→来自拉丁语postumus,最后生的，老幺，来自post,在后，-um,最高级后缀，词源同maximum,minimum.后词义和拼写同时受humere（埋葬，入土，词源同humus）影响而俗化。
死死的,遗腹的(post后+hum土,引申为死+ous→死后的)[hum=earth,表示"土,地"]
US ['pɑ:s.tʃə-] formal
adjective
■happening after a person's death 死后发生的
• a posthumous award 死后荣膺的嘉奖

Word: impregnate
Front: impregnate
[ˈɪmpregneɪt] (19171/19783)
Vocabulary: impregnate
(once / 1076 pages)
1v 2v
Use the verb impregnate to describe what happens when a male of any animal species makes a female pregnant. Human fathers impregnate mothers — otherwise, they would not become fathers.
When dog breeders mate two German shepherds, they hope that the male will impregnate the female, or make her pregnant. When your cat has kittens, it's because the neighbor's cat impregnated her several months earlier. The Latin root, impraegnare, comes from in, "into," and praegnare, "pregnant."
WORD FAMILY
impregnate: impregnable, impregnated, impregnates, impregnating, impregnation+/impregnability: impregnabilities/ impregnable: impregnability, impregnably/impregnation: impregnations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Out of curiosity they devised an experiment using a surface texture impregnated with oil.
Economist(Dec 01, 2016)
If the stars could be impregnated with other drugs, then things now requiring daily or more frequent doses might be delivered on a one-horse-pill-per-fortnight basis.
Economist(Nov 16, 2016)
Her grandfather, a doctor in Kentucky, was the descendant of a slave impregnated by her master.
New York Times(Nov 13, 2016)
Back: vt. 灌注，使饱和; 使怀孕
时态：impregnated, impregnating, impregnates
分布：使怀孕(33%)，怀孕的(26%)，使饱和(17%)，充满的(11%)，注入(8%)，使充满(5%)
→im-,进入，使，pregnant,怀孕的，孕育的，词源同gene.引申词义繁殖，使充满，使遍布。
US [-'--] verb transitive
ABSORB 使吸收 formal
■to cause something, usually a solid substance, to absorb something, usually a liquid 使（固体）吸收（液体）；浸渍
• This cloth has been impregnated with special chemicals for cleaning computer screens. 这种布已用清洁电脑萤幕用的特殊化学物质浸渍过。
UK ['ɪm.preg.neɪt] US [-'--] verb transitive
MAKE PREGNANT 使怀孕 specialized
■to make a woman or female animal pregnant 使怀孕；使受孕
vt. [生理] 使怀孕；灌输；浸透
 - imbue, indoctrinate
adj. 充满的； [生理] 怀孕的
 - pregnant, full, consumed

Word: knotted
Front: knotted
['nɒtɪd] (19120/21655)
Back: adj. 有节的，多节的，棘手的
分布：多节的(46%)，打结的(27%)，棘手的(18%)，动词knot的过去式和过去分词形式.(9%)
N-COUNT
（用绳索、布或其他材料打的）结
If you tie a knot in a piece of string, rope, cloth, or other material, you pass one end or part of it through a loop and pull it tight.
例：One lace had broken and been tied in a knot.一条带子已经断了，打了个结。
VERB
把（绳索、布或其他材料）打成结
If you knot a piece of string, rope, cloth, or other material, you pass one end or part of it through a loop and pull it tight.
例：He knotted the laces securely together...他把带子紧紧地系在一起。
例：He knotted the bandanna around his neck.他在脖子上系了一条印花大围巾。
N-COUNT
(挤在一起的)一群
A knot of people is a group of people who are standing very close together.
例：A little knot of men stood clapping.一小群人站在那儿鼓掌。
N-COUNT
（通常由害怕或激动引起的胃的）痉挛，郁结
If you feel a knot in your stomach, you get an uncomfortable tight feeling in your stomach, usually because you are afraid or excited.
例：There was a knot of tension in his stomach.他紧张得心揪得紧紧的。
V-ERG
（因害怕或激动而）痉挛，紧缩，使痉挛
If your stomach knots or if something knots it, it feels tight because you are afraid or excited.
例：I felt my stomach knot with apprehension...我很担忧，心都揪紧了。
例：The old dread knotted her stomach.从前那些可怕的经历让她的心都揪紧了。
VERB
（通常因担心或愤怒而肌肉等）紧张，紧绷
If part of your face or your muscles knot, they become tense, usually because you are worried or angry.
例：His forehead knotted in a frown.他眉头紧锁。
例：...his knotted muscles.他紧绷的肌肉
N-COUNT
（树枝上的）节子，节疤
A knot in a piece of wood is a small hard area where a branch grew.
N-COUNT
节（船、飞行器和风的速度计量单位）
A knot is a unit of speed. The speed of ships, aircraft, and winds is measured in knots.
例：They travel at speeds of up to 30 knots.他们以高达30节的速度行进。
例：...thirteen knot winds.13节的风
PHRASE
（使）感到迷惑不解；（使）急切
If you tie yourself in knots, you get very confused and anxious.
例：The press agent tied himself in knots trying to apologise.那个广告宣传人员急于道歉。
PHRASE
结合；结婚
If you say that two people tie the knot, you mean that they get married.
例：Len tied the knot with Kate five years ago.莱恩5年前和凯特结婚了。
adj. 多节的，有节的；棘手的
 - testing, multisegment

Word: evidence-based
Front: evidence-based
None None
Back: adj. 基于证据的
分布：循证(100%)

Word: unsubstantiated
Front: unsubstantiated
[ˌʌnsəbˈstænʃieɪtɪd] (托宝 19165/19745)
Back: adj. 未经证实的，没有事实根据的
分布：无事实根据的(100%)
【记】un不，substantiate（v 证实），d：未经证实的
【反】verified（adj 证实的）
ADJ
未经证实的；无根据的；不确凿的
A claim, accusation, or story that is unsubstantiated has not been proved to be valid or true.
例：I do object to their claim, which I find totally unsubstantiated.我强烈反对他们的说法，那是毫无根据的。
例：...unsubstantiated rumours about his private life.有关他私生活的捕风捉影的谣言
adj. 未经证实的，无事实根据的
 - uncorroborated, unattested

Word: courtier
Front: courtier
[ˈkɔ:tiə(r)] (19122/12561 -1)
Back: n. 侍臣，廷臣; 谄媚者
分布：朝臣(83%)，奉承者(17%)
→来自court, 宫廷。
US ['kɔ:r.tˌi.ɚ] noun countable
■a companion of a queen, king or other ruler in their official home, especially in the past （尤指旧时的）朝臣，侍臣
• Many of the courtiers were upset by the princess's resistance to tradition. 许多朝臣不满公主的离经叛道。
n. 朝臣；奉承者；谄媚者
 - flatterer, suck-up

Word: bulimia
Front: bulimia
[buˈlɪmiə] (19047/27371 -1)
Back: n. [病]贪食症，易饥症; 贪欲
分布：贪食症(88%)，食欲过剩(12%)
→bu, 牛，此处表强调，词源同bovine. -lim, 饥饿。
UK [-'li:.mi-] noun uncountable
■a mental illness in which someone eats in an uncontrolled way and in large amounts, then vomits to remove the food from their body 贪食症；食欲过盛 Compare anorexia (nervosa)

Word: rant
Front: rant
[rænt] (托宝 16081/19931 -1)
Vocabulary: rant
(once / 2585 pages)
vn
A rant is an argument that is fueled by passion, not shaped by facts. When the shouting starts on talk radio, or when a blog commenter resorts to ALL CAPS, you're almost certainly encountering a rant.
Rant comes from the Dutch ranten, "to talk nonsense." Rave is a close synonym — in fact, "to rant and rave" is a popular expression. When rant is used as a noun, it means something like tirade. The first recorded usage of rant is from the end of the sixteenth century, in Shakespeare's The Merry Wives of Windsor. By the middle of the turbulent seventeenth century, the name Ranters was used as a catchall pejorative for various groups of radical Christian dissenters.
WORD FAMILY
rant: ranted, ranter, ranting, rants+/ranter: ranters/ranting: rantings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Her internal rants often end with that question, evidence that so much of her disdain is prompted by defensiveness.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Rant to managers who never work on holidays or acknowledge those on their staff who do.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
But it wasn’t the bad calls that led to a profane rant by Durant after practice on Tuesday.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vi. 咆哮; 粗野的下结论; 大声责骂
vt. 大声说出
n. 大话; 粗野的话; [英]狂欢
时态：ranted, ranting, rants
分布：咆哮(57%)，夸夸其谈(22%)，激昂地说(11%)，大声斥责(5%)，大声地说(5%)
→拟声词，模仿咆哮，怒吼的声音。
【记】读：怨他，所以咆哮。
verb intransitive
■to speak or shout in a loud, uncontrolled or angry way, often saying confused or silly things 怒吼；抱怨；叫嚷；大声责骂
• He's always ranting (on) about the government. 他总是抱怨政府。
• I get fed up with my mother ranting and raving (about my clothes) all the time. 我母亲老是（因为我的穿着）对我唠叨抱怨，我真是受够了。
[rænt] noun countable
■a long, angry and confused speech 颠三倒四的气话；愤怒的叫嚷；没完没了的怒骂
• The minister's speech descended into a rant against his political opponents. 部长的发言斯文扫地，变成了对政敌没完没了的怒骂。
vi. 咆哮；痛骂；大声责骂
 - gnar, ball out
vt. 咆哮；痛骂
 - ball out, objurgate
n. 咆哮；激昂的演说
 - roar, snarl

Word: scaling
Front: scaling
['skeɪlɪŋ] (18917/23151)
Back: n. 缩放比例; 刮治术; 定标; 洁治
分布：动词scale的现在分词(100%)
N-SING
大小;(尤指庞大的)规模,范围,程度
If you refer to the scale of something, you are referring to its size or extent, especially when it is very big.
例：However, he underestimates the scale of the problem...然而，他低估了问题的严重性。
例：You may feel dwarfed by the sheer scale of the place...看到此处气势如此恢宏，你可能会觉得自己很渺小。
N-COUNT
等级;级别;等级体系
A scale is a set of levels or numbers which are used in a particular system of measuring things or are used when comparing things.
例：...an earthquake measuring five-point-five on the Richter scale...里氏 5.5 级地震
例：The patient rates the therapies on a scale of zero to ten...患者按十分制给这些治疗方法打分。
N-COUNT
(根据年龄、工种等核定的工资或费用)级别,标准
A pay scale or scale of fees is a list that shows how much someone should be paid, depending, for example, on their age or what work they do.
例：...those on the high end of the pay scale...工资级别最高的人
例：A Registered Osteopath will be pleased to tell you his scale of fees before you decide on a consultation.在病人决定是否就诊之前，注册整骨医师会很乐意告知其收费标准。
N-COUNT
(地图、图纸、模型的)比例，比例尺
The scale of a map, plan, or model is the relationship between the size of something in the map, plan, or model and its size in the real world.
例：The map, on a scale of 1:10,000, shows over 5,000 individual paths.该地图以 1:10,000 的比例尺显示了 5,000 多条不同道路。
ADJ
(模型或复制品)按比例缩小的
A scale model or scale replica of a building or object is a model of it which is smaller than the real thing but has all the same parts and features.
例：Franklin made his mother an intricately detailed scale model of the house.富兰克林为他的母亲制作了一个复杂精细的房屋模型。
N-COUNT
音阶
In music, a scale is a fixed sequence of musical notes, each one higher than the next, which begins at a particular note.
例：...the scale of C major.C 大调音阶
N-COUNT
鱼鳞;(爬行动物的)鳞片
The scales of a fish or reptile are the small, flat pieces of hard skin that cover its body.
N-PLURAL
天平;秤;磅秤
Scales are a piece of equipment used for weighing things, for example for weighing amounts of food that you need in order to make a particular meal.
例：...a pair of kitchen scales.一台厨房秤
例：...bathroom scales...浴室体重秤
VERB
爬越;攀登;翻过
If you scale something such as a mountain or a wall, you climb up it or over it.
例：In 1981, five members of a climbing party died while scaling Mount Hood.1981 年，一支登山队的5名队员在攀登胡德峰时遇难。
例：The men scaled a wall and climbed down scaffolding on the other side.那些男人攀上一堵墙然后顺着另一侧的脚手架爬了下去。
PHRASE
与…不成比例;和…不相称
If something is out of scale with the things near it, it is too big or too small in relation to them.
例：The tower was surmounted by an enormous statue, utterly out of scale with the building.那座塔的顶部矗立着一尊巨型雕像，与整个建筑完全不成比例。
PHRASE
按比例
If the different parts of a map, drawing, or model are to scale, they are the right size in relation to each other.
例：...a miniature garden, with little pagodas and bridges all to scale.内有全部按比例建造的小塔和小桥的微缩花园
n. 缩放比例； [口腔] 刮治术，刮牙术；鳞片排列
 - curettage
v. 剥落；刮鳞；生水垢（scale的ing形式）
 - flaking

Word: athleticism
Front: athleticism
[æθ'letɪsɪzəm] (19135/33889)
Vocabulary: athleticism
(once / 15929 pages)
n
Athleticism is the quality of having the kind of strength and energy that makes a great athlete. It takes athleticism to run marathons, play pro football, or sprint down a cobblestone street in high heels without falling.
Athleticism might get you a basketball scholarship to college or help you win most of the tennis matches you play. When you're particularly good at a sport, people will praise your athleticism. Although it’s usually used with sports, athleticism can describe any quality of strength and energy. It takes musical athleticism to play Ravel’s Gaspard de la nuit on piano. The word is rooted in the Greek athlētēs, "prizefighter or contestant in the games."
WORD FAMILY
athletic: athletically, athleticism, athletics +/ athlete: athletes, athletic
USAGE EXAMPLES
What he lacked in arm strength he compensated for with accuracy, smarts and athleticism, an ideal fit for Sochor’s system.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Swinney said it’s the athleticism of Wilkins and Lawrence that screamed offense to him.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The second-year pro and dunk machine is a key reserve for the Lakers, who miss his athleticism and effort.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 运动竞赛，崇尚运动，竞技热
分布：运动能力(61%)，运动竞赛(21%)，崇尚运动(18%)
US [-'letˌ-] noun uncountable
■skill in running, jumping, throwing and similar competitive sports （竞技运动中跑、跳、投掷方面等的）技术，能力
• The team's superb athleticism compensated for their lack of international experience. 这支球队技术精湛，弥补了其国际比赛经验不足的缺点。
n. 崇尚运动，竞技热；运动竞赛
 - sports competition

Word: merging
Front: merging
[mɜ:dʒɪŋ] (19158/19023)
Back: n. 合并（分类）
v. （使）混合( merge的现在分词 ); 相融; 融入; 渐渐消失在某物中
分布：归并(40%)，汇合(27%)，熔合(11%)，数据并合(11%)，动词merge的现在分词形式.(11%)
V-RECIP-ERG
(使)合并;(使)融合
If one thing merges with another, or is merged with another, they combine or come together to make one whole thing. You can also say that two things merge, or are merged .
例：My life merged with his...我和他的生活合而为一。
例：Bank of America merged with a rival bank...美国银行与一家竞争银行合并了。
V-RECIP
渐渐消失于;融入;相融
If one sound, colour, or object merges into another, the first changes so gradually into the second that you do not notice the change.
例：Like a chameleon, he could merge unobtrusively into the background...他就像一条变色龙，可以神不知鬼不觉地隐藏在背景中间。
例：His features merged with the darkness...他的面容消失在黑暗之中。
n. 合并； [计] [数] 归并
 - marriage, consolidation, coalition
v. 合并；融合（merge的ing形式）
 - incorporating

Word: neuroscience
Front: neuroscience
[ˈnjʊərəʊsaɪəns] (19004/43669)
Vocabulary: neuroscience
(once / 12696 pages)
n
Neuroscience is the study of the brain and the nervous system. If you're interested in the way human brains work, you might want to study neuroscience.
The scientific field of neuroscience started out as a branch of biology, although people have been fascinated with the brain at least since ancient Egyptians studied the effects of drilling small holes in the skull to treat mental disorders. Today neuroscience is an interdisciplinary field, involving chemistry, linguistics, and genetics, among many other disciplines. Neuroscience has roots in the Greek neuro, "nerve," and Latin scientia, "knowledge."
WORD FAMILY
neuroscience: neurosciences, neuroscientist +/ neuroscientist: neuroscientists
USAGE EXAMPLES
A new study published in Nature Neuroscience, however, suggests a woman’s body isn’t the only thing to change following a pregnancy.
Salon(Dec 21, 2016)
Also absent are details on grant success rates and funding priorities, says Zoe Donaldson, an assistant professor of neuroscience at the University of Colorado Boulder.
Nature(Dec 18, 2016)
She and colleagues present the results in a paper released Monday by the journal Nature Neuroscience.
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 神经系统科学（指神经病学、神经化学等）
分布：神经科学(100%)
→neuro-,神经，science,科学。

Word: anti-government

Word: Newtonian
Front: Newtonian
[njuː'təʊniən] (19038/27585)
Back: adj. 牛顿（学说）的
n. 信仰牛顿学说的人
分布：牛顿学说的(34%)，牛顿的(33%)，信仰牛顿学说的人(33%)

Word: hereafter
Front: hereafter
[ˌhɪərˈɑ:ftə(r)] (19051/20377)
Vocabulary: hereafter
(once / 395 pages)
advn
You can use the adverb hereafter to talk about what happens next, after this moment. For example, you might say, "I will hereafter get my homework done in time."
When you mean "from now on," you can say hereafter, like when you give a friend a new nickname: "You will hereafter be known as Brostache." Another kind of hereafter is what happens after death. When someone talks specifically about "the hereafter," he usually means heaven or life after death. This is the earliest meaning of the word, and it's often mentioned in religious contexts and at funerals.
WORD FAMILY
hereafter: hereafters
USAGE EXAMPLES
She had even signed a contract, which contained murky language about the company owning her performances, in all technologies “now known or hereafter developed.”
The New Yorker(Nov 27, 2016)
So as much as Eric Sillies thinks tonight and the near hereafter is his big moment, what it really might be is Wilson’s.
Golf Digest(Nov 23, 2016)
It’s also home to some 600,000 honeybees and a beekeeping operation that churns out honey sold under the brand name “The Sweet Hereafter.”
Washington Times(Nov 12, 2016)
Back: adv. 今后，从此以后
分布：来世(48%)，将来(33%)，此后(19%)
US [ˌhɪr'æf.tɚ] adverb (also hereinafter) formal or legal
■starting from this time; in the future 此后，今后
• Elizabeth Gaskell's novel 'Ruth' will hereafter be cited within the text as EG. 伊丽莎白‧盖斯凯尔的小说《露丝》在下文中提及时将以 EG 代替。
UK [ˌhɪə'rɑ:f.tər] US [ˌhɪr'æf.tɚ] noun only singular formal
the hereafter
■life after death 死后的生命；来世
• She had a firm conviction that they would meet again in the hereafter. 她坚信他们来世还会再见面。
n. 将来；来世
 - eternity, by-and-by
adv. 今后，从此以后
 - hence, forwards

Word: mangle
Front: mangle
[ˈmæŋgl] (托宝 19177/22996 -1)
Vocabulary: mangle
(once / 1468 pages)
1v 2nv
When you mangle something, you completely destroy it, by ripping, cutting, crushing, or otherwise mauling it into pieces.
You shouldn't leave your new puppy alone in a room with your favorite shoes because he might mangle them with his sharp puppy teeth. A bad accident will mangle your bicycle, bending it beyond repair, and a paper shredder mangles a document by slicing it up. You can also use the word mangle to describe what happens when your uncle's terrible bluegrass band performs a cover of your favorite classic rock song — they mangle it.
WORD FAMILY
mangle: mangled, mangler, mangles, mangling+/mangler: manglers
USAGE EXAMPLES
“During all of our work-up, shooting targets, throwing grenades, doing all that, you never once saw kids mangled,” he told me.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
But his book does provide some useful insights into the dangers of propaganda — and its reliance upon mangled facts; false claims; and reductive, Manichaean storytelling.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
In the rubble, remnants of lives still lay: a TV set, a mangled car, a child-size dress.
Washington Post(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: vt. 乱砍; 损坏; 用轧布机砑光
n. 轧布机，轧板机，碾压机
时态：mangled, mangling, mangles
分布：损坏(40%)，乱切(15%)，碾压机(15%)，碾压(15%)，糟蹋(15%)
→可能来自古法语mahaignier,伤害，使受伤，使残疾，来自mai,砍，切，词源同maim,mayhem.进一步来自smi,砍，切，词源同smith.或来自拉丁语mancus,伤害，伤残，来自man-ko,使手伤残，来自*man,手，词源同manual,*ko,磨，削，使锋利，词源同cone,hone.
【记】读：man狗，男人和狗在一起－互相厮打
【区】mingle（v 使混合）；wangle（v 哄骗）；tangle（v 纠缠）；praise extravagantly（过分的赞美）
verb
transitive often passive
■to destroy something by twisting it with force or tearing it into pieces so that its original form is completely changed 绞坏；撕烂
• My sweater got mangled in the washing machine. 我的毛衣被洗衣机绞坏了。
• His arm was mangled in the machine. 他的手臂被机器绞得血肉模糊。
transitive
■If you mangle a speech or a piece of written work, you make so many mistakes that you completely spoil it （因错误太多而）损坏，弄糟
• As he read the poem out loud, he mangled the rhythm so badly that it scarcely made any sense. 他朗读这首诗时完全不合韵律，致使诗歌听上去毫无意义。
['mæŋ.gl] noun countable (also wringer)
■a machine used for pressing water out of clothes by putting the clothes between two heavy smooth round bars 轧布机，衣物轧干机
vt. 乱砍；轧布；损坏
 - cut and carve, out of action
n. 轧布机
 - ironer

Word: Sicilian
Front: Sicilian
[si'siljən] (19176/21114)
Back: n. 西西里岛人
adj. 西西里岛的
分布：西西里岛的(45%)，西西里岛人(34%)，西西里岛人的(13%)，西西里岛语(8%)
ADJ
西西里的;西西里人的;西西里文化的
Sicilian means belonging or relating to Sicily, or to its people or culture.
例：...the Sicilian village of Corleone.西西里岛科莱奥内镇的村庄
N-COUNT
西西里人;西西里岛人的后裔
A Sicilian is a Sicilian citizen, or a person of Sicilian origin.

Word: prospectus
Front: prospectus
[prəˈspektəs] (雅 19077/12668 -1)
Vocabulary: prospectus
(once / 3869 pages)
1n 2n
A prospectus is a written catalog or brochure that offers a plan, as of school courses to take or stocks to buy. The idea of a prospectus is to offer a variety of options and a plan of action.
One goal of a prospectus is to present the positive features of something in order to attract a desired participant. When a new company wants to attract investors or a stock brokerage wants to attract new clients, each offers a prospectus specific to its goals. The word is from the Latin verb specere, "to look," which is combined with the prefix prō-, "forward" — giving us a verb meaning "to look forward" to something that is coming. The modern word appeared first in France in the 18th century.
WORD FAMILY
prospectus: prospectuses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Most investors don’t read fund prospectuses because of the mix of jargon and legalese.
Seattle Times(Dec 03, 2016)
Under English law a business publishing a prospectus to raise capital must disclose an accurate record of its finances to investors.
Reuters(Nov 17, 2016)
I read the prospectus and I knew that the production company, Revelations, was involved.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 08, 2016)
Back: n. 内容说明书; （即将出版的书等的）内容介绍，简介; 计划书，意见书; （讲义等的）大纲
分布：简章(56%)，宣传小册(22%)，创立计划书(22%)
→来自拉丁语prospectus,展望，视野，词源同prospect.引申词义简章，简介。
计划书;大纲(pro+spect+us→向前看的东西→大纲)[spect,spic=look,see,表示"看"]
noun countable
■a document giving details of a college, school or business and its activities （学校或企业的）简介，简章
• I picked up a really impressive prospectus for Shirley Heath Junior School. 我取了一份雪利‧希思小学的简介，里面的介绍十分令人心动。
n. 内容说明书；样张；创办计划书
 - specimen page, specimen sheet

Word: patter
Front: patter
[ˈpætə(r)] (19162/18912 -1)
Vocabulary: patter
(once / 1553 pages)
vn
When something patters, it makes a light, rhythmic, tapping sound. On a rainy night, you might love lying in bed listening to the rain patter on the roof.
You can describe the way rain patters, or the way children's feet patter down the hallway on Christmas morning. The light, quick sound itself is also a patter: "Listen to the patter of sleet on the window!" Informally, a salesman's pitch can be called patter as well, from an older meaning, "talk rapidly," from pater, "mumble prayers rapidly." The tapping kind of patter has a different root, which it shares with pat.
WORD FAMILY
patter: pattered, pattering, patters
USAGE EXAMPLES
And in counterpoint to the voice of my excellent guide, Libanio, is the gentle patter of rain.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
What would happen if a president talked to world leaders in the same explosive patter Donald Trump perfected on the campaign trail?
Seattle Times(Dec 05, 2016)
Their mind-reading act was top-notch, their patter a notch lower.
New York Times(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: vt. （雨点）嗒嗒地下; 嗒嗒地跑; 叽叽喳喳地念; 喋喋不休
n. 黑话，行话; 嗒嗒声; 快板，顺口溜; 急速拍打声
vi. 滴答地响; 急速地说; 发出急速轻拍声
时态：pattered, pattering, patters
分布：行话(33%)，轻快脚步声(14%)，发出急速轻拍声(14%)，急速拍打声(14%)，顺口溜(11%)，喋喋不休(7%)，滴嗒地响(7%)
→来自pat,拍打，-re,表反复。
US ['pætˌ.ɚ] noun
SPEECH 讲话
uncountable
■continuous and sometimes funny speech or talk, especially used by someone trying to sell things or by an entertainer （表演娱乐节目或推销商品时说的）顺口溜，连续不间断的说词
• He should succeed - he dresses well and his sales patter is slick and convincing. 他会成功的——他穿着体面，推销词说得既俐落又令人信服。
UK ['pæt.ər] US ['pætˌ.ɚ] noun
SOUND 声音
only singular
■the sound of a lot of things gently and repeatedly hitting a surface 急促的轻拍声
• I find the patter of rain on the roof soothing. 我觉得雨点敲击屋顶的声音能使人放松。
UK ['pæt.ər] US ['pætˌ.ɚ] noun
the patter(ing) of tiny feet humorous
■something that you say which means that someone is going to have a baby 小宝宝的脚步声（指即将有孩子）
• Are you telling me we're going to be hearing the patter of tiny feet? 你是说我们就要有小宝宝了吗？
UK ['pæt.ər] US ['pætˌ.ɚ] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to make the sound of a lot of things gently and repeatedly hitting a surface 发出轻快的拍打声，发出啪嗒啪嗒声
• I heard the rain patter against/on the window. 我听见雨点啪嗒啪嗒地打在窗户上。
• We could hear mice pattering about/around looking for food. 我们听见老鼠窸窸窣窣四处寻找食物。
n. 行话；轻快脚步声；急速拍打声
 - jargon, industry lingo
vt. 喋喋不休地说；使…发出嗒嗒声
 - rattle on, rattle away

Word: rejected
Front: rejected
[riˈdʒektid] (19173/18788)
Back: n. 被弃之物，落选者
adj. 拒绝的
v. 拒绝( reject的过去式和过去分词 ); （因质量差）不用; 排斥; 拒收
分布：拒绝(79%)，排斥(11%)，驳回(5%)，丢弃(3%)，不合格产品(1%)，被拒之人(1%)
VERB
拒绝考虑;不接受;不同意
If you reject something such as a proposal, a request, or an offer, you do not accept it or you do not agree to it.
例：The British government is expected to reject the idea of state subsidy for a new high speed railway...预计英国政府不会考虑为修建一条新的高速铁路提供国家补贴的设想。
例：Seventeen publishers rejected the manuscript before Jenks saw its potential.17家出版社回绝了这部手稿，直到詹克斯看到了它的潜在价值。
VERB
摈弃，抛弃，不接受(信仰或政治制度)
If you reject a belief or a political system, you refuse to believe in it or to live by its rules.
例：...the children of Eastern European immigrants who had rejected their parents' political and religious beliefs.抛弃了父母一代政治和宗教信仰的东欧移民子女
VERB
不录用;不录取
If someone is rejected for a job or course of study, it is not offered to them.
例：One of my most able students was rejected by another university.我的一个最有能力的学生申请另一所大学落选了。
VERB
冷漠对待;拒绝…的爱意
If someone rejects another person who expects affection from them, they are cold and unfriendly towards them.
例：You make friends with people and then make unreasonable demands so that they reject you.你和别人交朋友，然后向人家提出无理要求，结果被人家拒绝。
例：...people who had been rejected by their lovers.被爱人拒绝的人
VERB
排斥(移植器官)；对…产生排斥反应
If a person's body rejects something such as a new heart that has been transplanted into it, it tries to attack and destroy it.
例：It was feared his body was rejecting a kidney he received in a transplant four years ago.令人担心的是，他的身体可能对4年前移植的肾产生了排斥反应。
VERB
(投币设备)拒绝接受(硬币)
If a machine rejects a coin that you put in it, the coin comes out and the machine does not work.
N-COUNT
残次品;等外品
A reject is a product that has not been accepted for use or sale, because there is something wrong with it.
adj. 被拒的；不合格的
 - unqualified, off-specification
v. 拒绝，驳回（reject的过去分词形式）
 - declined, overridden

Word: imperious
Front: imperious
[ɪmˈpɪəriəs] (宝 19179/20847)
Vocabulary: imperious
(once / 857 pages)
adj
Someone who is imperious gives orders in a way that shows they feel superior or more important than other people. You might want the smartest kid in the class as your lab partner, but not if they have an imperious attitude and boss you around.
Near synonyms are arrogant, overbearing, and domineering. The adjective imperious is from Latin imperiōsus, from imperium "command, supreme power, empire." This Latin word is also the ultimate source of English empire "a group of countries or territories controlled by a single ruler or one government."
WORD FAMILY
imperious: imperiously, imperiousness+/imperiousness: imperiousnesss
USAGE EXAMPLES
This player is looking imperious in front of goal these days.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
Gabor features in several anecdotes told on the talkshow circuit about nightmare guests, being accused of hard demands and an imperious manner.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
Well, it tells me that Chelsea's back five are in imperious form.
BBC(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: adj. 专横的，飞扬跋扈的
分布：专横的(49%)，傲慢的(35%)，迫切的(16%)
→词源同empire,帝国，帝权。即皇帝的，像皇帝一样的，引申词义专横的。
专横的(相皇帝一样→专横的)[emper,imper=command,表示"命令,统治"]
【记】imper命令，ious多－命令多的－专横的
【反】humble（adj 卑下的；谦逊的）；deferential（adj 恭敬的）；servile（adj 奴性的）；obeisant（adj 尊敬的）；unassuming（adj 谦逊的）
US [-'pɪr.i-] adjective
■unpleasantly proud and expecting obedience 专横的，跋扈的
• an imperious manner/voice 专横的态度／傲慢的语气
• She sent them away with an imperious wave of the hand. 她傲慢地挥了挥手，把他们打发走了。
imperious, imperial
imperious: a.傲慢的，专横的。
 • The strict father showed an imperious attitude toward his children.   那个严厉父亲对孩子的态度很专横。
imperial: a.帝国的，帝王的；帝王般的，威严的；英制的(非公制的度量衡制，如磅，加仑，品脱等)。
 • the imperial guards   帝国卫士
adj. 专横的；迫切的；傲慢的
 - pressing, stringent

Word: constable
Front: constable
[ˈkʌnstəbl] (19092/3341 -2)
Back: n. 警察; 警员; 巡官
分布：治安官(51%)，警官(41%)，巡官(8%)
→来自拉丁短语comes stabuli, 管马的官员。comes, 词源同count, 伯爵，stable,马廐。后来词义发生了变化。比较marshal, 将军，原指管马的官员。
US ['kɑ:nt-] noun countable
■a British police officer of the lowest rank （英国最低级别的）员警，保安官
n. 治安官，巡警；警察
 - police, pig, copper

Word: unlicensed
Front: unlicensed
[ʌnˈlaɪsnst] (19175/21037)
Vocabulary: unlicensed
(once / 11464 pages)
adj
When something is unlicensed, it has no license, i.e., no official government approval. If a restaurant doesn't have a liquor license but serves wine anyway, it's an unlicensed sale of that beverage.
You will hear the word unlicensed most often involving illegally-possessed firearms. Murders are often committed with unlicensed guns, meaning that the killer purchased the gun without a license, most likely from a shady dealer.
WORD FAMILY
licensed: unlicensed +/ license: licensed, licenser, licenses, licensing/licenser: licensers
USAGE EXAMPLES
A century later, and the venue was a popular location for unlicensed bare-knuckle fights.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
These warning notices stuck above the toilets in Rio’s Olympic Village, banning a range of unlicensed toilet activities.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Nebraska law prohibits surgeons from delegating to an unlicensed person.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 没有执照的，未经当局许可的，无节制的
分布：没有执照的(67%)，未经当局许可的(26%)，未经注册的(7%)
adjective
■not having a licence (= a document giving legal permission) to do something, for example to sell alcohol, or use or own something, for example a gun 无营业执照的；未经授权许可的
• an unlicensed restaurant 无牌照经营的餐厅
adj. [贸易] 没有执照的；未经当局许可的；无节制的
 - immoderate, inordinate

Word: muddled
Front: muddled
[ˈmʌdld] (19181/14437 -1)
Vocabulary: muddled
(once / 4582 pages)
adj
Muddled things are all mixed-up and confused. Your mind might feel muddled when you first wake up from a long nap.
Your school's football quarterback might get muddled and throw the ball the wrong way. Or, your muddled French teacher could make the class feel muddled too if she accidentally starts speaking German in class. The verb muddle, "to make confused or disordered," originally meant "destroy the clarity of," from its literal meaning, "to bathe in mud."
WORD FAMILY
muddled: muddleder+/ muddle: muddled, muddles, muddling
USAGE EXAMPLES
In September, Louise Mensch fired off some incensed tweets that muddled up the two, much to the amusement of, well, everyone.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
At the core, there’s ostensibly a muddled message about the burdens of seeing the future and what to do with that information.
Seattle Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Largely impressionistic, the game deals with all the mixed-up, muddled thoughts of living through a tragedy.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 混乱的; 糊涂的; 头脑昏昏然的
v. 弄乱，弄糟( muddle的过去式); 使糊涂; 对付，混日子
分布：混乱的(60%)，糊涂的(32%)，动词muddle的过去式和过去分词形式.(8%)
adjective
THINGS 物件
■Things that are muddled are badly organized 混乱的；杂乱无章的
• He left his clothes in a muddled pile in the corner. 他将衣服乱堆在角落里。
['mʌd.ld] adjective
PERSON 人
■A person who is muddled is confused 头脑不清楚的；糊涂的；困惑的
• He became increasingly muddled as he grew older. 他年纪越大越糊涂。
adj. 糊涂的；混乱的；头脑昏昏然的
 - confused, chaotic, troubled

Word: glib
Front: glib
[glɪb] (托宝 19183/21385)
Vocabulary: glib
(once / 2543 pages)
adj
A hiring manager might think you're being glib, or slick and insincere, if you say you've led a successful multinational corporation when you were actually in charge of flipping burgers for a fast-food restaurant chain.
The word glib might be used to describe the slick car salesman who uses his polished sales pitch to talk his customers into buying lemons. In fact, the word comes from old German and Dutch words for "slippery," another word that could be used to describe the very same salesman. In addition to meaning "smooth" and "persuasive," glib can be applied to the kind of thoughtless comment that could get you into big trouble. Telling your boss that you had a "hot time" with his daughter is the kind of glib remark that could end your career.
WORD FAMILY
glib: glibber, glibbest, glibly, glibness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some were reassuring, some were glib, some were funny – actually probably only one was funny – and the rest were just lovely.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
There are lots of glib things said about the rise of populism.
BBC(Dec 16, 2016)
Describing Scurvy as a 'bit of a lemon' would be glib and unfair.
Nature(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. <贬>（演讲者或演讲）油腔滑调的; 不诚恳的; 未经思考的; 肤浅的
分布：圆滑的(67%)，能说善道的(33%)
→词源同glide. 用于形容人油腔滑调。
【记】g割，lib＝lip：把嘴唇割成三半，就会油嘴滑舌的ad-lib（n 即兴表演adj 即兴的）add一个lipcensure（v 责难n 责难）三舌
【反】labored（adj 吃力的；谨慎的）；awkward（adj 笨拙的）；taciturn（adj 沉默寡言的）
[glɪb] (glibber, glibbest)
adjective
■speaking or spoken in a confident way, but without careful thought or honesty 花言巧语的，油嘴滑舌的；（说话）不诚恳的，未经思考的
• He's a glib, self-centred man. 他是个油嘴滑舌、自私自利的人。
• No one was convinced by his glib answers/explanations. 没有人相信他那信口开河的回答／解释。
adj. 口齿伶俐的，油嘴滑舌的
 - smooth-tongued, saponaceous

Word: breather
Front: breather
[ˈbri:ðə(r)] (19178/18959)
Back: n. 短暂的休息时间
分布：通气阀(51%)，呼吸者(33%)，短暂休息(16%)
US [-ðɚ] informal
noun countable
■a short rest 歇息一会儿；短暂的休息
• He'd been working hard and felt he needed (to have/take)a breather. 他一直工作得很辛苦，觉得该歇一会儿了。

Word: Mojave

Word: Olympian
Front: Olympian
[ə'lɪmpiən] (16946/24404)
Back: adj. 威严的；奥林匹克竞赛的；奥林匹斯山的
n. 奥运会选手
分布：威严的(52%)，奥林匹克运动会选手(12%)，奥林匹斯山12神之一(12%)，似神的(12%)，奥林匹克的(12%)
→来自希腊语Olympos,奥林匹斯山，古希腊众神所在之所。引申词义神的，超凡的。
US [oʊ-] adjective literary
■having the qualities of a god 似神的；威严的，超凡的
• She has maintained an Olympian detachment from (= avoided being involved with and worried by) the everyday business of the office. 她一直很高傲，与公司的日常事务保持超然的距离。
UK [əʊ'lɪm.pi.ən] US [oʊ-] noun countable mainly US
■a competitor in the Olympic Games 奥运会选手

Word: retroactive
Front: retroactive
[ˌretrəʊˈæktɪv] (宝 19147/38803)
Vocabulary: retroactive
(once / 10629 pages)
adj
The adjective retroactive refers to something happening now that affects the past. For example, a retroactive tax is one that is passed at one time, but payable back to a time before the tax was passed.
The Latin word retroagere, an ancestor of the adjective retroactive, means "drive or turn back," and goes along with the meaning of the word. Sometimes governments pass rulings that are set as if they were in effect before the ruling was even made, and that means they are retroactive. On the bright side, you might be awarded a salary raise that is retroactive, meaning you'll get paid more for work you did in the past. And, retroactive fads in clothing keep vintage clothing stores in business.
WORD FAMILY
retroactive: retroactively
USAGE EXAMPLES
The new rules would not be retroactive, so those who participated in the sit in last summer won’t be penalized.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
She hopes to get a retroactive therapeutic use exemption, she says.
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
The IR designation is retroactive to last Sunday.
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 反动的; 追溯的; 有追溯力的; 从以往某天开始生效
分布：有追溯力的(50%)，可追溯的(50%)
→retro-,向后，往回，active,有效力的。
US [-roʊ-] (also retrospective) formal
adjective
■If a law or decision, etc. is retroactive, it has effect from a date before it was approved 有追溯效力的；溯及既往的
• the first British law to have retroactive effect 第一部有追溯效力的英国法律
adj. 追溯的； [法] 有追溯效力的；反动的
 - reactive

Word: assay
Front: assay
[əˈseɪ] (宝 18989/7498)
Vocabulary: assay
(once / 2977 pages)
1nv 2v
An assay is a breakdown of a material, examining the individual parts that make up the whole. When you assay a situation, you look at all the elements that created the problem in order to come up with a solution.
The word assay comes from the French word essai, which means "trial," an appropriate sense for a word that means to examine for analysis. As a noun, assay means a test or appraisal to determine the components of a substance or object. As a verb, it refers to the act of analyzing, or of conducting that test. It is usually used in chemistry-related fields like metallurgy and pharmaceuticals, but you can also assay a poem.
WORD FAMILY
assay: assayed, assayer, assaying, assays+/assayer: assayers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The saliva samples were sent to a lab for hormonal assays.
Slate(Nov 04, 2016)
“We could design assays based on things we've had for years in the prion field, based on amplification of misfolded proteins,” says Watts.
Nature(Oct 25, 2016)
And he further criticized EOC for promoting “a questionable assay with misleading communications” and for not having “greater transparency.”
Science Magazine(Sep 28, 2016)
Back: n. 化验; 试验; <古>尝试; 试金
vt. 化验; 试验; 考验; 分析
vi. 经检验证明内含成分
时态：assayed, assaying, assays
分布：分析(80%)，化验(20%)
→来自拉丁语exagire. 前缀ex-, 拿出，向外。词根ig, 同ag, 做。指拿出称量，测定。与essay构成对词，essay, 尝试，英国弗朗西斯.培根以此命名其新创作的文学体裁，即散文。
【记】as正如，say说。正如说的那样含金量很高－化验分析assay需要用essay短文来证明
/æs'eɪ] specialized
verb transitive
■to perform an examination on a chemical in order to test how pure it is 鉴定，化验，分析（化学物质的纯度）
n. [临床] 化验；试验
 - proof, experiment, try
vt. [药] 分析； [临床] 化验；尝试
 - analyse, sample, essay
vi. 鉴定；经检验证明内含成分
 - to identify, to evaluate

Word: mistrust
Front: mistrust
[ˌmɪsˈtrʌst] (托 13844/14068 -1)
Back: vt. &vi. 不信任; 怀疑
n. 不信任
时态：mistrusted, mistrusting, mistrusts
分布：不信任(95%)，疑惑(5%)
→mis-,坏的，错的，不好的，trust,信任。
不信任(mis+trust相信)[mis-表示"错误,坏"]
verb transitive
■to have doubts about the honesty or abilities of someone 不信任，不相信；怀疑…的真实性
• I've always mistrusted politicians. 我总是不信任政治家。
vt. 不信任；怀疑
 - dispute, question, wonder
vi. 不信任；怀疑
 - wonder, question
n. 不信任；怀疑
 - doubt, challenge

Word: endoscopic
Front: endoscopic
[ˌendəs'kɒpɪk] (19346/9443)
Back: adj. 内窥镜的，内窥镜检查的
分布：内窥镜的(75%)，内窥镜检查的(25%)

Word: retraining
Front: retraining
[ˌri:'treɪnɪŋ] (19169/20754)
Back: n. 再训练
v. 重新教育，再教育( retrain的现在分词 )
分布：再训练(100%)
V-ERG
（尤指为再就业）接受再培训，对…再培训
If you retrain, or if someone retrains you, you learn new skills, especially in order to get a new job.
例：Why not retrain for a job which will make you happier?...为什么不接受新的培训，找一份让你更快乐的工作？
例：Union leaders have called upon the government to help retrain workers.工会领导人已经呼吁政府帮助对工人进行再培训。

Word: butter
Front: butter
[ˈbʌtə(r)] (中高研四托 2402/3403 -K3)
Vocabulary: butter
(once / 175 pages)
1nv 2n
Butter is a creamy spread made from milk fat. Your favorite breakfast might be hot toast slathered with butter.
The process of making butter involves churning cream until the fats coagulate and become creamy and pale yellow. Butter is sometimes salted, and usually formed into sticks for cooks to use in frying, baking, and spreading on corn on the cob and baked goods. To do this is to butter your bread. The Greek root word is boutyron, literally "cow cheese," from bous, "cow."
WORD FAMILY
butter: buttered, buttering, butters, buttery, butyraceous+/ butt: butted, butter, butting, butts/ buttery: butteries
USAGE EXAMPLES
Match-day tickets were just the bread and butter of the compromise.
The Guardian(Dec 01, 2016)
They’d probably be happy to take your money, but Vegas thinks you’re Nutter Butters if you want to roll with Alabama over Cleveland.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 01, 2016)
But what if a sugar cookie picks up peanut butter from an improperly cleaned factory mixer?
Washington Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 黄油; 黄油状的食品; 奉承话; 焊膏
vt. 抹黄油于…上; 用黄油煎食物; 讨好
时态：buttered, buttering, butters
分布：黄油(67%)，奶油(26%)，奉承(4%)，涂黄油(3%)
→bu, 牛，同bovine. 指牛奶加工后的产物。
n.黄油,奶油v.涂黄油于...上The button utters in mutter, "The butterfly likes the buttered earthnut/peanut."按钮咕哝着发出声音说:"蝴蝶喜欢涂了奶油的花生."
US ['bʌtˌ.ɚ] noun uncountable
 ESSENTIAL
■a pale yellow solid containing a lot of fat that is made from cream and is spread on bread or used in cooking 奶油，牛油
• We were served scones with butter and jam. 我们吃的是涂有奶油和果酱的烤饼。
• Have some bread and butter (= bread spread with butter). 吃些奶油面包片吧。
• a butter dish 奶油碟
UK ['bʌt.ər] US ['bʌtˌ.ɚ] noun uncountable
butter wouldn't melt in sb's mouth
■when someone looks as if they would never do anything wrong, although you feel they might （某人）装老实相
• Tommy looked as if butter wouldn't melt in his mouth. 汤美装出一副老实相。
UK ['bʌt.ər] US ['bʌtˌ.ɚ] verb transitive
■to spread butter on something 涂奶油于
UK ['bʌt.ər] US ['bʌtˌ.ɚ] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] butter sb up informal
■to be very kind or friendly to someone or try to please them, so that they will do what you want them to do 奉承（某人）；拍（某人的）马屁
• You'll have to butter them up a bit before they'll agree. 你得奉承他们一下，他们才会同意。
vt. 涂黄油于；讨好
 - kiss up to, soft-sawder
n. [食品] 黄油；奶油；奉承话
 - cream, beurre

Word: weevil
Front: weevil
[ˈwi:vl] (19373/45793)
Back: n. 象鼻虫
分布：象鼻虫(100%)
→来自webh,编织，穿梭，快速移动，词源同weave,web。原用于指各种小甲虫，后特别指象鼻虫。
noun countable
■any of various beetles which destroy crops such as grains and cotton 象鼻虫
n. [昆] 象鼻虫
 - curculio, zyzzyva

Word: hamster
Front: hamster
[ˈhæmstə(r)] (19151/16865)
Back: n. <动>仓鼠
分布：仓鼠(100%)
→词源不详。
US [-stɚ] noun countable
■a small animal covered in fur with a short tail and large spaces in each side of its mouth which are used for storing food. It is often kept as a pet. 仓鼠（常作宠物）
n. [脊椎] 仓鼠；仓鼠毛皮
 - cricetid

Word: laziness
Front: laziness
['leɪzɪnəs] (19182/19228)
Vocabulary: laziness
(once / 2904 pages)
n
The characteristic of being idle or relaxed can be called laziness. Your laziness might keep you from taking your puppy for the long walk she needs, instead just letting her out in the yard.
There's the kind of laziness when you lie in a hammock for an hour watching the clouds, and then there's the kind when you don't get any work done all week. You might experience laziness on vacation, sleeping later than usual and lounging on the beach with a book. Sometimes laziness is the result, though, of an unwillingness to work or help someone out: "His laziness meant that I had to set the tent up all by myself!"
WORD FAMILY
laziness: lazinesses+/ lazy: lazier, laziest, lazily, laziness
USAGE EXAMPLES
“My own experience is that whenever you overcome your own laziness and engage other people, you are encountering Jesus,” the cardinal says.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 23, 2016)
The first desk chairs with backrests were criticized for encouraging laziness and depravity.
Slate(Dec 21, 2016)
While immaturity and laziness are inextricably linked, neither is irrevocable.
Seattle Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. 怠惰，懒散，徐缓
分布：懒惰(100%)
ADJ-GRADED
懒惰的；懒散的
If someone is lazy, they do not want to work or make any effort to do anything.
例：Lazy and incompetent police officers are letting the public down...懒惰兼无能的警官令公众失望。
例：I was too lazy to learn how to read music.我太懒，没有学识谱。
ADJ-GRADED
令人精神松弛的；令人懒洋洋的
You can use lazy to describe an activity or event in which you are very relaxed and which you do or take part in without making much effort.
例：Her latest novel is perfect for a lazy summer's afternoon reading...在慵懒的夏日午后阅读她的最新小说最合适不过了。
例：We would have a lazy lunch and then lie on the beach in the sun.我们会慵懒地吃顿午饭，然后躺在沙滩上晒太阳。
ADJ
徐徐的；缓缓的
If you describe something as lazy, you mean that it moves or flows slowly and gently.
例：...a valley of rolling farms spread out along a lazy river.山谷里的农田起伏绵延，旁边一条溪水缓缓而过
例：...the lazy, loose grace of the born athlete.这位天生的运动员悠然放松的优雅姿态
n. 怠惰；无精打采
 - sloth, listlessness

Word: aneurysm
Front: aneurysm
[ˈænjərɪzəm] (19348/38132)
Vocabulary: aneurysm
(once / 18761 pages)
n
Sometimes an artery wall weakens in a spot, causing a pouch-like bulge of pooled blood called an aneurysm. If it bursts, it can be life-threatening.
While aneurysms can form anywhere, they are most common in the brain and cardiac areas. This is a very serious medical event that can cause injury and even death. Even though aneurysms are potentially deadly, people use the word sometimes in exaggerations. For example, if you see that someone is getting mad, you might say, "Don't have an aneurysm about it!" That just means something like "Take it easy! Don't get so excited."
WORD FAMILY
aneurysm: aneurysmal, aneurysms
USAGE EXAMPLES
The company restarted shipping a device used to treat abdominal aortic aneurysms after a two-day halt.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The Food and Drug Administration ordered Endologix to stop shipping a device used to treat abdominal aortic aneurysms because of manufacturing problems.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
The death rate from abdominal aortic aneurysms is more than three times higher in England than in the US, analysis of official data shows.
BBC(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: n. 动脉瘤
分布：［医］动脉瘤(100%)
→前缀ana-, 向上，向后。词根eur, 宽的，同Europe, 宽脸美女。指扩大，应用于医学指动脉瘤。

Word: dentistry
Front: dentistry
[ˈdentɪstri] (托 19167/23091 -1)
Back: n. 牙医业; 牙医学; 牙科医术
分布：牙医术(100%)
US [-tˌɪ-] noun uncountable
■the work of a dentist 牙科医术；牙医的工作
n. [口腔] 牙科学；牙医业
 - odontology

Word: phonological
Front: phonological
[ˌfɒnə'lɒdʒɪkl] (18959/10990)
Back: adj. 音系学的； （一种语言的）语音（或音位）体系的
分布：=phonologic.(50%)，音韵学上的(50%)

Word: crowning
Front: crowning
[ˈkraʊnɪŋ] (19194/20684)
Back: adj. 最高的，无比的; 至高无上
分布：无比的(48%)，最高的(42%)，动词crown的现在分词形式.(10%)
→来自crown, 王冠。
adjective
■A crowning event or achievement is the best or most important one （事件、成就）最伟大的，最重要的
• the crowning achievement of her long career 她漫长职业生涯的最高成就
• Walking on the moon was his crowning glory (= his most important achievement). 在月球上行走是他的无上荣耀。
adj. 最高的；无比的
 - highest, supreme, maximum, peak, top

Word: seven-day
Front: seven-day
None None
Back: 七天的
分布：持续一周的(100%)

Word: conspiratorial
Front: conspiratorial
[kənˌspɪrəˈtɔ:riəl] (19188/20357)
Vocabulary: conspiratorial
(once / 25639 pages)
adj
Something that's conspiratorial involves a secret plan with other people. A conspiratorial glance between siblings is bound to make their babysitter nervous.
Things done in a conspiratorial way are secretive and sneaky: a meet up between spies is conspiratorial, and several coworkers planning a surprise party for their boss might spend the day communicating in various conspiratorial ways. The adjective comes from its related verb, conspire, "plot," or "make secret plans," from the Latin root conspirare, "to agree, unite, or plot," or literally, "to breathe together."
WORD FAMILY
conspiratorial: conspiratorially+/ conspiracy: conspiracies/ conspirator: conspiratorial, conspirators/ conspire: conspiracy, conspirative, conspirator, conspired, conspires, conspiring
USAGE EXAMPLES
This was not just a window into the conspiratorial and fantasist mind-set of the President-elect but a looming threat to voting rights.
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
She and Bechara glance at each other, a look that verges on the conspiratorial.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
I’ll tell you, the use of conspiratorial rhetoric and bigoted rhetoric targeting and demonizing ‘others’ is nothing new in American politics.
Salon(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 阴谋的，阴谋者的
分布：阴谋的(64%)，阴谋者的(36%)
US [-'tɔ:r.i-] adjective
■relating to a secret plan to do something bad, illegal or against someone's wishes 阴谋的；密谋的
■showing that you share a secret 会意的；心照不宣的
• They exchanged conspiratorial glances. 他们会意地对视了一下。

Word: enjoin
Front: enjoin
[ɪnˈdʒɔɪn] (宝 19159/20932)
Vocabulary: enjoin
(once / 964 pages)
v
To enjoin is to issue an urgent and official order. If the government tells loggers to stop cutting down trees, they are enjoining the loggers to stop.
Enjoin looks like it should mean bring together, and at one time, it did have that meaning. But in current usage, the only thing enjoin brings together is a command and the person on the receiving end of that order. If your doctor enjoins you to stop smoking, he is suggesting strongly that you quit.
WORD FAMILY
enjoin: enjoined, enjoining, enjoinment, enjoins+/enjoinment: enjoinments
USAGE EXAMPLES
These include a rule doubling the salary threshold for exempting workers from overtime pay, which a federal court enjoined last month.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 09, 2016)
"Alt-right" activists could be seen making Nazi salutes at a conference in Washington DC over the weekend, where a speaker enjoined them to "Hail Trump".
BBC(Nov 23, 2016)
Aspirational and clear, it signals positive intentions, enjoining us to do more good rather than simply be less bad.
Nature(Nov 13, 2016)
Back: vt. 命令
时态：enjoined, enjoining, enjoins
分布：吩咐(38%)，命令(34%)，禁止(28%)
→en-, 进入，使。join, 连接。字面意思即参与，施加影响，进一步指责令，嘱咐。参照interdict.
命令,吩咐(en进入+join→进入连接→命令人[加入])[junct,join=join,表示"结合,连接"]
【记】en，join（v 参加）－命令别人参加
【参】rejoin（v 使再结合）
verb transitive formal
■to tell someone to do something or to behave in a particular way 嘱咐；吩咐
• [+ to infinitive] We were all enjoined to be on our best behaviour. 我们都被叮嘱举止一定要得体。
• He enjoined (= suggested) caution. 他嘱咐要谨慎行事。
US legal
■to legally force someone to do something or stop doing something 依法强制（或禁止）
vt. 命令；吩咐；嘱咐；禁止
 - require, order, command, tell, bid

Word: repose
Front: repose
[rɪˈpəʊz] (宝 19187/20810)
Vocabulary: repose
(once / 265 pages)
1nv 2v 3v
Repose is a formal or literary term used to mean the act of resting, or the state of being at rest. Repose is also a state of mind: freedom from worry.
As a verb, repose means to rest or relax, or to rest on something for support: There she was, reposing on the front porch. The verb is from Middle English, from Old French reposer, from Late Latin repausāre "to cause to rest," from the Latin prefix re- "again" plus pausāre "to rest."
WORD FAMILY
repose: reposed, reposeful, reposes, reposing+/reposeful: reposefully
USAGE EXAMPLES
Hundreds of mourners visited as Cianci lay in repose at city hall for two days.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
The appeals court found that Firrea does supersede all applicable time limits, including statutes of repose.
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
The director is an unlikely picture of domestic repose these days.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 03, 2016)
Back: n. 休息，安眠，宁静
vt. 将（手臂等）靠在某人（某物）上
时态：reposed, reposing, reposes
分布：休息(82%)，安宁(14%)，休息或睡眠(4%)
→来自中古法语 reposer,来自古法语 repauser,来自拉丁语 repausare,停下休息，来自 re-,表强调， pausare,停下，暂停，词源同 pause.
休息;躺下(re+plse放→入下(工作)→休息)[re-①表示"向后,相反,不"②表示"一再,重新"]
休息;睡眠(re再+pose→再放下[工作]→休息)[pos,posit=put表示"放"]
【记】re反复，pose摆放－辗转反侧－睡觉
US [-'poʊz] formal
verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to rest or lie 休息；憩息；卧眠
• She reposed on the sofa. 她躺在沙发上休息。
UK [rɪ'pəʊz] US [-'poʊz] formal
verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
repose trust/confidence/hope in sb/sth
■to place your trust or hopes in someone or something 寄托（信任／希望于某人／事）
• We repose a lot of hope in this project. 我们对这个专案计划寄托了很大的希望。
UK [rɪ'pəʊz] US [-'poʊz] formal
noun uncountable
■when someone is resting or lying down 休息；憩息；卧眠
• Your face is so beautiful in repose. 你入睡时的面孔是如此娇美。
n. 休息；睡眠；静止
 - break, rest, sleep
vt. 使休息；寄托于
 - rest, relax
vi. 休息；座落；长眠；依靠；静卧；建立于
 - relax, trust

Word: gastric
Front: gastric
[ˈgæstrɪk] (宝 18960/3485 -1)
Back: adj. 胃的; 胃部的
分布：胃的(100%)
→来自gras, 吃，吞食，词源同gorge, voracity. 字母r脱落。
胃的[gastr=stomach(胃)]
【记】gas胃胀气，tric＝trick（n 诡计）－gas在stomach里有trick－胃胀气－胃的
【参】gastritis（n 胃炎）；gastrology（n 胃病学；美食学）；
['gæs.trɪk] specialized
adjective
■relating to the stomach 胃的；胃部的
• gastric juices 胃液
• a gastric ulcer 胃溃疡
adj. [生物] 胃的；胃部的
 - stomachal

Word: conquering
Front: conquering
[ˈkɔŋkərɪŋ] (19200/19921)
Back: v. 攻克( conquer的现在分词 ); 征服; 破除; 克服
分布：征服(63%)，克服(20%)，战胜(15%)，得胜(2%)
VERB
占领;征服
If one country or group of people conquers another, they take complete control of their land.
例：During 1936, Mussolini conquered Abyssinia...1936年，墨索里尼攻占了阿比西尼亚。
例：Early in the eleventh century the whole of England was again conquered by the Vikings.11世纪早期，整个英格兰再次被北欧海盗征服。
VERB
克服;攻克
If you conquer something such as a problem, you succeed in ending it or dealing with it successfully.
例：I was certain that love was quite enough to conquer our differences...我相信爱足以克服我们的种种差异。
例：He has never conquered his addiction to smoking.他一直未能戒除烟瘾。

Word: elixir
Front: elixir
[ɪˈlɪksə(r)] (托宝 19166/26554)
Vocabulary: elixir
(once / 3971 pages)
1n 2n
Miraculous, magical, and maybe a little mysterious, an elixir is a sweet substance or solution that cures the problem at hand.
Elixir is a word often used with a knowing wink — a sort of overstatement of a product's effectiveness, or a decision maker's policy. With linguistic roots in the long-ago alchemists' search for the philosophers' stone, the word has an element of fantasy to spice up anything, like a remedy for the common cold. The mythic fountain of youth is certainly an elixir, but it can also refer to a real liquid, concept, or plan.
WORD FAMILY
elixir: elixirs
USAGE EXAMPLES
From coast to coast, urban planners are increasingly looking to craft breweries as the magic elixir to renew struggling urban cores.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
The miso broth is an opaque vegetarian elixir that, in my case, was supplemented with the floral spice of pickled ginger, an added topping.
Washington Post(Dec 08, 2016)
“We’ve heard about immunotherapy as God’s gift, the chosen elixir, the cure for cancer,” he said.
New York Times(Dec 03, 2016)
Back: n. 炼金药，长生不老药; 酏剂
分布：长生不老药(83%)，仙丹妙药(17%)
→来自阿拉伯语al-iksir, 来自al, 定冠词，见alchemy，-iksir, 干，词源同xero，见Xerox。原指使伤口止血的药粉，后词义进一步扩大为灵丹妙药。
【记】e出，lix读：立刻死－把这种药吐出来就会立刻死－长生不老药prolix（adj 冗长的；说话罗嗦的）pro前，lix立刻死：唐僧站在你的前面，你就立刻死，因为他太贫了！！！
US [-sjɚ] literary
noun countable usually singular
■a substance, usually a liquid, with a magical power to cure, improve or preserve （通常为液体的）万灵药，灵丹妙药，长生不老药
• It's yet another health product claiming to be the elixir of life/youth (= something to make you live longer/stay young). 这又是一种号称灵丹妙药的保健产品，据说有延年益寿／永保青春之奇效。
n. 不老长寿药；万能药；炼金药
 - panacea, nostrum

Word: confection
Front: confection
[kənˈfekʃn] (宝 19184/22176)
Vocabulary: confection
(once / 2350 pages)
1nv 2n
A confection is a food loaded with sugar. Chocolate layer cake, strawberry lollipops, and vanilla bonbons are all confections. Yum!
Do you have a sweet tooth? Then you love confections, which are sweet treats such as cakes and candies and all manner of food that’s full of sugary deliciousness. The candy aisle is loaded with confections. Bakeries sell confections too, like cupcakes. A confection is almost always a delicious dessert. Just make sure you eat your vegetables before you eat any confections!
WORD FAMILY
confection: confectioned, confectioner, confectionery, confectioning, confections+/confect: confected, confecting, confection, confects/confectioner: confectioners/confectionery: confectioneries
USAGE EXAMPLES
This French snowball of a confection is an enticing combination of whipped cream, ganache, meringue and various toppings.
Washington Post(Dec 14, 2016)
The confection’s price often reflected this, which meant sugarplums were a luxury item worthy of visions, to be enjoyed on a special occasion.
Time(Dec 21, 2016)
Weeks before the confections show up in the shops, you find them previewed in glossy magazines and in every newspaper.
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. 甜食，糕点
分布：糖果(47%)，甜食(25%)，调制(16%)，糖果剂(6%)，精美作品(6%)
→con-, 强调。-fect, 做，准备，词源同fact, effect.即精心做出来的，精心准备的。
糖果(con共同+fect+ion→混在一起→糖果)[fac,fact,fect,fic,fig=make,do,表示"做,制作"]
甜食(con一同+fect做+ion...混合制成的糖果甜食)[-ion 1.表名词"动作或状态“2.表示"某种物,用品"]
【记】con共同，fect做－大家一起做－甜食；
【参】infection（n 感染）；affection（n 感情）；perfection（n 完美）
[kən'fek.ʃən] formal
noun countable
■a decorated cake or unusual sweet dish （精制的）糕点，甜点，甜食
n. 糖果，蜜饯；调制；糖膏（剂）；精制工艺品
 - sweet, modulation

Word: spatially
Front: spatially
['speɪʃəlɪ] (18962/23686)
Back: adv. 空间地，存在于空间地
分布：空间地(60%)，存在于空间地(40%)
ADJ
空间的;与空间有关的
Spatial is used to describe things relating to areas.
例：...the spatial distribution of black employment and population in South Africa.南非黑人就业与人口的空间分布
例：...spatial constraints.空间的限制
ADJ
(能力)理解立体空间的
Your spatial ability is your ability to see and understand the relationships between shapes, spaces, and areas.
例：His manual dexterity and fine spatial skills were wasted on routine tasks.他灵巧的动手能力和杰出的空间识别能力都浪费在日常事务上了。
例：...spatial awareness.空间方位感

Word: smoldering
Front: smoldering
['sməʊdərɪŋ] (19197/-)
Vocabulary: smoldering
(once / 5699 pages)
adj
When a fire is smoking but not in flame, it is smoldering. If you're silently angry, your contained rage is smoldering, too.
Just like a fire that doesn't go out completely, this word is used for emotions that also refuse to die out — they just keep going, though under the surface. If you keep a lid on your feelings, but are mad at someone, your feelings are smoldering. People often talk about smoldering feelings of love or lust: in romance novels and romantic comedies, there will be smoldering feelings and smoldering looks. This is a word for emotional heat that keeps burning.
WORD FAMILY
smoldering: smolderingly+/ smolder: smoldered, smoldering, smolders
USAGE EXAMPLES
Centoni spent roughly three hours digging through the smoldering hulk of the massive Ghost Ship.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Firefighters arrived just before midnight Friday, and the fire was still smoldering more than 12 hours later.
New York Times(Dec 04, 2016)
The fire—which authorities described as the deadliest in the city in recent memory—started around 11:30 p.m. and was still smoldering midday Saturday.
Time(Dec 03, 2016)
Back: v. 用文火焖烧，熏烧，慢燃( smolder的现在分词 )
分布：闷烧(61%)，=smouldering.(13%)，不完全燃烧(13%)，动词smolder/smoulder的现在分词形式.(13%)
n. 闷烧，阴燃（smolder进行时形式）
 - smoulder
v. 阴燃；被抑制（smolder的ing形式，等于smoulder）
 - smouldering

Word: wrenching
Front: wrenching
[renfʃɪŋ] (19206/-)
Back: n. 修截苗根，苗木铲根（铲根时苗木不起土或部分起土）
v. （猛力地）扭( wrench的现在分词 ); 扭伤; 使感到痛苦; 使悲痛
分布：修截苗根(40%)，苗木铲根(30%)，动词wrench的现在分词形式.(15%)，折磨的(15%)
VERB
猛拉;猛拧;猛拽
If you wrench something that is fixed in a particular position, you pull or twist it violently, in order to move or remove it.
例：He felt two men wrench the suitcase from his hand...他感觉有两个人在使劲拽他手里的手提箱。
例：He wrenched off his sneakers...他使劲儿脱下运动鞋。
VERB
挣脱;挣开
If you wrench yourself free from someone who is holding you, you get away from them by suddenly twisting the part of your body that is being held.
例：She wrenched herself from his grasp...她从他手里挣脱开来。
例：He wrenched his arm free...他把手臂挣脱开来。
VERB
扭伤(关节)
If you wrench one of your joints, you twist it and injure it.
例：He had wrenched his ankle badly from the force of the fall.他因摔倒而严重扭伤了脚踝。
N-SING
(离别时的)痛苦，愁楚
If you say that leaving someone or something is a wrench, you feel very sad about it.
例：I always knew it would be a wrench to leave Essex after all these years...我一直心里清楚过了这么多年后离开埃塞克斯会非常痛苦。
例：Many of the things are of great sentimental value and it is going to be a wrench parting with them...其中很多东西都具有重要的情感价值，令人难以割舍。
N-COUNT
扳钳；活动扳手
A wrench or a monkey wrench is an adjustable metal tool used for tightening or loosening metal nuts of different sizes.
PHRASE
作梗;阻挠
If someone throws a wrench or throws a monkey wrench into a process, they prevent something happening smoothly by deliberately causing a problem.
例：Their delegation threw a giant monkey wrench into the process this week by raising all sorts of petty objections.他们的代表团本周提出了各种细枝末节的反对意见，极在地阻挠了进程。

Word: fork
Front: fork
[fɔ:k] (中高研四六 3758/5592 -K2)
Vocabulary: fork
(once / 366 pages)
1nv 2nv 3nv 4v
An eating utensil with several points or prongs is called a fork. If you aren't skilled at using chopsticks, you can ask the waiter at the Chinese restaurant to bring you a fork.
In most Western households, forks are a basic part of a table setting — unless all you're eating is soup. There are different forks for different purposes, from a long, narrow fondue fork to a large, wide serving fork. There are also garden tools called forks, including pitchforks and hand-held pronged digging implements. Yet another kind of fork is the place where two roads or branches meet in a V shape. If you come to a fork in the road, you better know which direction to take.
WORD FAMILY
fork: fork-like, forked, forking, forks+/forked: forkedly/forking: forkings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Fold the square over to form a triangle, pressing the edges together to seal, then crimp using your fingers or a fork.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Every twirl of the fork delivered a thrill.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Anyone with information about the incident is asked to contact American Fork police.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 叉（挖掘用的园艺工具）; 餐叉; 叉状物; （自行车或摩托车的）车叉子
vi. 分叉; 分歧
vt. 走岔路; 叉，耙
时态：forked, forking, forks
分布：叉(89%)，分叉(8%)，叉状物(1%)，用叉叉起(1%)，使成叉形(1%)
→来自拉丁语furca, 叉，叉子，词源同bifurcate,furcate.
n.叉,耙;叉形物;餐叉In the cork workshop, the workers fork the pork.在软木车间,工人们用叉子叉猪肉.
US [fɔ:rk] noun countable
FOOD 食物
 ESSENTIAL
■a small object with three or four points and a handle, that you use to pick up food and eat with 餐叉
• a knife and fork. 一副刀叉
UK [fɔ:k] US [fɔ:rk] noun countable
GARDEN 花园
■a tool with a long handle and three or four points, used for digging and breaking soil into pieces 叉；耙
• a garden fork. 园艺用叉
UK [fɔ:k] US [fɔ:rk] noun countable
DIVISION 分隔
■a place where a road or river etc. divides into two parts, or either of those two parts （公路、河流等的）分岔处，分流处，岔口；岔路
• When you reach a fork in the road take the right-hand path. 到了岔路口走右边那条路。
UK [fɔ:k] US [fɔ:rk] verb
DIVIDE 划分
intransitive
■If a road or river forks, it divides into two parts （公路或河流）分岔
• The pub is near where the road forks. 酒吧在马路的岔口附近。
intransitive + adverb or preposition UK
■to turn in one of two different directions 走岔路中的一条
• Fork left/right where the road divides. 在岔路口走左边／右边那条路。
UK [fɔ:k] US [fɔ:rk] verb
GARDEN 花园
transitive
■to move or dig something with a fork 叉运；叉起；用叉挖
UK [fɔ:k] US [fɔ:rk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  fork out (sth) informal
■to pay, especially unwillingly （尤指不情愿地）付钱
• I forked out ten quid for/on the ticket. 我不情愿地掏了十英镑买票。
• I couldn't persuade him to fork out for a new one. 我无法劝服他花钱再买个新的。
UK [fɔ:k] US [fɔ:rk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] fork over/up sth US informal
■to give something, especially money to someone, especially when you do not want to （尤指不情愿地）给，交出（尤指钱）
• We had to fork over ten bucks to park near the stadium. 我们不得不付了十美元以在体育馆附近停车。
• Hey, that's mine. Fork it over! 嘿，那是我的。交出来！
n. 叉；餐叉；耙
 - harrow
vi. 分叉；分歧
 - branch off, diverge

Word: pickle
Front: pickle
[ˈpɪkl] (六 10048/12016 -1)
Vocabulary: pickle
(once / 899 pages)
1nv 2n
A pickle is a food that's made by soaking vegetables in brine or vinegar. If you are wondering what that crunchy green wedge beside your sandwich is, it just may be a pickle.
While the most familiar pickles in the US are the thin disks or small, crunchy pickled cucumbers you can buy in jars, there are many other kinds of pickles. You can pickle just about any vegetable, from beets to okra to cucumbers — or even hard boiled eggs. In South Asian cuisines, pickle is a delicious spicy relish served aside many dishes. And if you find yourself in a really messy situation, you can say, "Wow, what a pickle."
WORD FAMILY
pickle: pickled, pickles, pickling
USAGE EXAMPLES
The German butcher at 86th and Second Avenue complained that pickle jars were falling off the shelves from the vibrations of the construction.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The report was compiled by a former cabinet minister, Eric Pickles, who called Tower Hamlets a “wake-up call” when introducing it.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Most dishes are perked up with pickled vegetables, fresh herbs or other lively additions.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 腌渍（泡菜等）
n. 腌菜，泡菜; 腌制食品; 遇到麻烦，处于困境
时态：pickled, pickling, pickles
分布：泡(37%)，泡菜(35%)，腌(22%)，腌汁(6%)
→来自荷兰语pekel,卤水，腌菜，最终词源不详，据说是来自中世纪发明这种腌菜的一个荷兰渔夫的名字。
noun
countable or uncountable
■(a sauce made from) vegetables or fruit which have been preserved in a vinegar sauce or salty water 腌菜，泡菜；酱菜
• cheese and pickle sandwiches 起司和腌菜三明治
• Have some pickles with your salad. 在沙拉里加点泡菜。
countable US
■a cucumber which has been preserved in vinegar or salty water, or slices of this 腌黄瓜（片）
• a sweet/sour pickle 甜／酸黄瓜
['pɪk.l] noun
be in a (pretty/right) pickle old-fashioned
■to be in a difficult situation 处于困境
['pɪk.l] verb transitive
■to preserve vegetables or fruit in a vinegar sauce or salty water （用醋或盐水）腌制，腌渍
• The onions had been pickled in brine. 洋葱已经在盐水中腌过了。
n. 泡菜；盐卤；腌制食品
 - sourcrout, bittern
vt. 泡；腌制
 - steep, dip

Word: splice
Front: splice
[splaɪs] (宝 19204/22354)
Vocabulary: splice
(once / 4314 pages)
vn
As noun and verb, splice refers to the overlapping or interweaving of two ends of something to create the strongest possible attachment.
The earliest records of the word splice are from the early 16th century, when it was borrowed from the Middle Dutch verb splissen, used by sailors for joining ropes end to end by interweaving their strands. In 1912, the infant motion-picture industry took over the word splice to refer to the cutting and joining of film in the editing process. In 1975, scientists found they could alter genes by cutting and adding chunks of DNA, creating the science of gene splicing.
WORD FAMILY
splice: spliced, splicer, splices, splicing+/splicer: splicers/splicing: splicings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Since it was incapable of electronic editing, it required laboriously cutting and splicing the tape.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Her art splices mental associations with an acute sense of materiality, scale and tactility.
The Guardian(Dec 05, 2016)
As a result of alternative mRNA splicing, tau occurs in six isoforms — all of which are found in the tau filaments of AD.
Nature(Nov 08, 2016)
Back: vt. 绞接; 捻接（两段绳子）; 胶接; 粘接（胶片、磁带等）
n. 胶接处，粘接处，铰接处
时态：spliced, splicing, splices
分布：拼接(60%)，接合(33%)，衔接(7%)
→原为航海俚语词，来自中古荷兰语 splissen,绞接，捻接，来自 Proto-Germanic*spli,分开，来 自 splei,分开，来自 spel,分开，劈开，词源同 spill,split.词义演变比较 two,twain.
衔接(spl分裂+ice→由分裂推成衔接;参考:split分裂)[-ice表名词"行为,状态"]
【区】split（v 使分裂）正好反义
verb transitive
■to join two pieces of rope, film, etc. together at their ends in order to form one long piece 捻接，绞接（绳子）；黏接（胶片等）；拼接
• Scientists have discovered how to splice pieces of DNA. 科学家们发现了拼接 DNA 片断的方法。
[splaɪs] verb transitive
get spliced old-fashioned informal
■to get married 结婚
[splaɪs] noun countable
■a join between two pieces of something so that they form one long piece 拼接处；黏接处；绞接处
vt. [木] 拼接；接合；使结婚
 - cement, piece, joint
n. 接合；结婚
 - marriage, wedding, junction

Word: prong
Front: prong
[prɒŋ] (19192/20788)
Vocabulary: prong
(once / 6563 pages)
n
A prong, like a spike, a tine, or a spoke, is something that sticks out and is pointy. The prongs of your fork are useful for spearing food and delivering it to your mouth.
Besides forks, many other objects have prongs, from hoes and rakes to electrical plugs to an animal's horns or antlers (in fact there's a specific group of antelopes commonly called pronghorns). Before it was spelled prong, the word was prange, "pointed instrument," from the Anglo-Latin pronga, "pointed tool," and possibly the Germanic prange, "stick."
WORD FAMILY
prong: prongs
USAGE EXAMPLES
There’s something about the Mad Max-looking metal cup with a long copper prong and industrial “JikoPower” logo that grabs people’s attention.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Police say the man became agitated and pulled the electric prongs from his body, prompting the officers to retreat to a railed porch.
Washington Times(Oct 28, 2016)
Or the two-inch darts on the prong may have brought fungi deeper when it struck near significant blood vessels.
Washington Post(Oct 10, 2016)
Back: n. 叉子齿; （进攻、论点等的）方面; （构成形容词）有…齿的; 分…方面的
分布：刺(32%)，叉状物(20%)，翻掘(16%)，贯穿(16%)，尖齿(8%)，分支(8%)
→来自拉丁语pronga,叉齿，可能来自bhars,刺，硬毛，词源同prod,bur.
US [prɑ:ŋ] noun countable
■one of two or more long sharp points on an object, especially a fork （尤指叉子）尖头，尖齿，叉
vt. 刺；贯穿；翻掘
 - stick, pink
n. 耙子；叉状物
 - rake

Word: science-fiction

Word: sloth
Front: sloth
[sləʊθ] (托宝 19039/22340)
Vocabulary: sloth
(once / 1883 pages)
n
If you lounge around in your bathrobe watching TV and ordering out for pizza, you'll get called a sloth. A sloth is actually a slow-moving, tree-dwelling mammal, but it has become a synonym for "lazybones."
Slug also doubles as the name of an animal and a term for someone who is lazy, slow or lethargic. But with slug, the animal name probably morphed into the human application, whereas sloth has meant "lazy person" or "laziness" for a long time. In the Catholic Church sloth was categorized as one of the seven deadly sins.
WORD FAMILY
sloth: slothful, sloths+/ slothful: slothfully, slothfulness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sunday; anoa, pigs, sloth bears, 10 a.m.-2 p.m.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Sunday; wolves, meerkats, wallaroos, sloth bears, 10 a.m.-2 p.m.
Seattle Times(Dec 08, 2016)
This is all true but in the Calvinist-Puritan work ethic of America, naps, vacations, and breaks signify moral sloth and brands you as a slacker.
New York Times(Feb 09, 2013)
Back: n. 懒散; 懒惰; <动>树獭; （经济）停滞
分布：懒惰(87%)，树獭(13%)
【记】原指：树懒－移动缓慢，栖息在树上，用爪子倒悬在树枝上，吃树叶、嫩芽和果实。Slo＝slow，th死：慢慢地死是因为懒惰。
【反】industry（n 工业；勤奋）
US [sloʊθ] noun
NO EFFORT 没有努力
uncountable literary
■unwillingness to work or make any effort 懒散，懈怠
• The report criticizes the government's sloth in tackling environmental problems. 该报道批评了政府在解决环境问题上的懈怠。
UK [sləʊθ] US [sloʊθ] noun
ANIMAL 动物
countable
■a mammal that moves slowly and lives in trees 树懒
• Sloths live in Central and South America. 树懒生活在中美洲和南美洲。
n. 怠惰，懒惰； [脊椎] 树懒
 - laziness, idleness

Word: blunder
Front: blunder
[ˈblʌndə(r)] (研六托雅宝 13190/12081 -1)
Vocabulary: blunder
(once / 492 pages)
nv
A blunder is an embarrassing mistake. Accidentally called your new boyfriend by your old boyfriend's name? Ouch. That's a blunder you don't want to repeat.
Has an embarrassing mistake ever made you feel like you’re stumbling around with your eyes closed? If so, it won’t surprise you to learn that blunder comes from the Old Norse word blundra, meaning to “shut one's eyes.” It wasn’t until the eighteenth century that blunder came to refer to a stupid or embarrassing mistake, or as a verb, to describe making such a mistake, as in “I tend to blunder when I'm nervous.”
WORD FAMILY
blunder: blundered, blunderer, blundering, blunders+/blunderer: blunderers
USAGE EXAMPLES
But a series of communication blunders between fragmented intelligence, police and prison authorities allowed the suspects to slip under the radar and conceal their plot.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 24, 2016)
Those blunders essentially cost the Jaguars at least six points in a close game.
Washington Times(Dec 12, 2016)
He, not the CIA, is repeating the blunders of Iraq.
Slate(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. （因无知、粗心等造成）的错误; 大错，失策，疏忽
vi. 犯错误; 踉踉跄跄地走; 无意中说出，漏嘴说出; 弄糟，弄错，做错，办错
时态：blundered, blundering, blunders
分布：大错(76%)，失策(14%)，弄糟(7%)，绊倒(3%)
→词源同blind, 眼盲的。
v.(因无知等而)犯大错;踉踉跄跄地走n.大错The blunder made the underground instrument undergo an undermining of the thunderbolt.这个失策让地下仪器经受了一次雷电的破坏.
【记】bl＝blow打，under下面－被打入18层地狱－犯了大错plunder（v 抢劫）是blunder
US [-dɚ] noun countable
■a big mistake, usually caused by not taking care or thinking （通常由于粗心或欠考虑而酿成的）大错
• He said that the tax was a major political blunder. 他称这项税收政策是一大政治错误。
• I made a bit of a blunder by getting his name wrong. 我一疏忽，叫错了他的名字。
UK ['blʌn.dər] US [-dɚ] verb
MOVE 移动
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to move in an awkward way 跌跌撞撞地走，踉踉跄跄地走
• I could hear him blundering around in the darkness. 我能听见他在黑暗中踉踉跄跄地四处乱撞。
UK ['blʌn.dər] US [-dɚ] verb
MISTAKE 错误
intransitive
■to make a big mistake, usually because of not taking care or thinking 酿成大错，犯大错
• Police blundered by not releasing more details about the case to focus public interest. 警方因没有提供更多的详细案情以引起公众关注而酿成了大错。
mistake, flaw, shortcoming, error, defect, slip, fault, blunder
这组词都有“错误”的意思，其区别是：
mistake: 最普通用词，泛指思想上、行为上或认识上的判断或理解方面的错误。
flaw: 指结构或组织上的缺点，如破裂之处。用作比喻意义时，指品格上的缺陷。
shortcoming: 指没有达到所要求的标准、没有充分发展或没尽到职责的不足、缺点或短处。多用复数形式。
error: 指思想或行动背离正题轨道或没有得到正确指引而出现的偏差或错误。
defect: 普通用词。指表面上的缺陷，或指人或物本质上的缺点。
slip: 指因疏忽或无意而造成的差错。
fault: 一般指小并且可宽容的缺点、错误。
blunder: 通常指由于无知或情况不明造成判断或行动上的大错。
vt. 做错
 - misdo
n. 大错
 - boner, ricket

Word: ordnance
Front: ordnance
[ˈɔ:dnəns] (宝 19095/9945 -1)
Vocabulary: ordnance
(once / 1843 pages)
n
Ordnance is another word for military supplies, like guns, rockets, or armor. When a country is at war, it needs a lot of ordnance.
The average person has probably never heard of ordnance. In fact, an ordinary person would have some explaining to do if they had ordnance, because it refers to military supplies. The word ordinance for “command” lost an i in the 1500’s and became ordnance, meaning “military materials.” Both words go with war — a command to shoot requires ordnance, or something to shoot with. Ordnance helps soldiers fight and protect them. You can’t go to war without ordnance.
WORD FAMILY
ordnance: ordnances
USAGE EXAMPLES
On how many countries is U.S. ordnance falling at the moment?
Salon(Dec 15, 2016)
A lot of the ordnance used in Syria are dumb bombs rather than the precision weapons Western forces use to avoid civilian casualties.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 15, 2016)
The area was being cleared for unexploded ordnance at the time of the discovery, he said.
Washington Times(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: n. 大炮; 军械（如弹药、军车等）; 军用品，军需品; 军械署
分布：军械(40%)，军需品(22%)，大炮(20%)，军械署(18%)
→来自ordinance的拼写截短形式。词义由命令引申为军事安排，排兵布阵，军事物资供给，后用于指武器，军械，大炮等。词义演变比较munition,artillery.
【记】ord＝order以后才能开ordnance
N-UNCOUNT
军需品；军备物资；（尤指）武器，军械
Ordnance refers to military supplies, especially weapons.
例：...a team clearing an area littered with unexploded ordnance.在四处留有未爆炸武器的地区排爆的小组
例：...the Royal Ordnance factory at Chorley.乔利的皇家兵工厂
n. 军火；大炮； [军] 军械署
 - Cannons, ammo

Word: granting
Front: granting
[ɡ'rɑ:ntɪŋ] (19146/15050)
Back: v. （退一步）承认( grant的现在分词 ); （尤指正式地或法律上）同意; 准许; 让渡
分布：授予(38%)，同意(16%)，承认(14%)，补助金(13%)，给予(13%)，认为(2%)，财产转让(2%)，授予物(2%)
N-COUNT
拨款;补助金
A grant is an amount of money that a government or other institution gives to an individual or to an organization for a particular purpose such as education or home improvements.
例：They'd got a special grant to encourage research...他们得到一笔用以鼓励科研的特别经费。
例：Unfortunately, my application for a grant was rejected.很遗憾，我的助学金申请被拒绝了。
VERB
授予；给予
If someone in authority grants you something, or if something is granted to you, you are allowed to have it.
例：France has agreed to grant him political asylum...法国已经同意给予他政治避难。
例：It was a Labour government which granted independence to India and Pakistan...是工党政府同意了印度和巴基斯坦的独立。
VERB
承认
If you grant that something is true, you accept that it is true, even though your opinion about it does not change.
例：The magistrates granted that the charity was justified in bringing the action.地方法官承认该慈善机构有理由提起诉讼。
PHRASE
（因视作理所当然而）不把…当回事，对…不予重视（或不知感激）
If you say that someone takes you for granted, you are complaining that they benefit from your help, efforts, or presence without showing that they are grateful.
例：What right has the family to take me for granted, Martin?...这家人有什么资格瞧不起我，马丁？
例：The officials felt taken for granted and grumbled loudly.这些官员感到受了怠慢，于是大声抱怨起来。
PHRASE
认为…是理所当然的
If you take something for granted, you believe that it is true or accept it as normal without thinking about it.
例：I was amazed that virtually all the things I took for granted up north just didn't happen in London.几乎所有我认为在北方是理所当然的事情在伦敦都没有发生，这让我惊诧不已。
PHRASE
理所当然地认为
If you take it for granted that something is the case, you believe that it is true or you accept it as normal without thinking about it.
例：He seemed to take it for granted that he should speak as a representative.他似乎想当然地认为他应该以代表的身份发言。
v. 同意，准予（grant的ing形式）
 - undertaking, agreeing

Word: wild
Front: wild
[waɪld] (高研四六 1292/1698 -K4)
Vocabulary: wild
(once / 38 pages)
1adjadvn 2adjadv 3adj 4adj 5adj 6adj
Something that's wild lives in nature and isn't tamed. Your pet poodle isn't wild, but the groundhog that lives under your garden shed is wild.
An animal or plant in its native habitat is wild, like a wild dingo or a wild strawberry. An untamed bit of nature, like your overgrown back yard, or a stormy ocean, is also wild. If a person is wild, he might be unrestrained, crazy, or even enthusiastic — like someone who's wild about cabaret music. The term "to run wild" means to grow unrestrained, undisciplined, like a wild animal or an imagination that isn't held back by rules.
WORD FAMILY
wild: semi-wild, wildest, wildly, wildness, wilds+/wildness: wildnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Everyone, men included, seems to be in “Where the Wild Things Are” furs; coat check looks like the Bronx Zoo.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Paid events are regularly organized in Poland for foreigners who want to hunt deer, wild boar, hares or other small wild animals.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
For other types of seafood, farm-raised stocks remain relatively stable when wild catches decline.
The New Yorker(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 野生的; 野蛮的; 狂热的; 荒凉的
n. 荒野; 未开化的地方; 偏远地区; 人烟稀少的地区
adv. 疯狂地; 胡乱地
级别：wilder, wildest
分布：野生的(32%)，荒野(26%)，荒地(10%)，狂热的(10%)，胡乱地(8%)，野蛮的(8%)，失去控制地(4%)，未开发的(2%)
→来自welt,林地，野地，野外，词源同wold,vole.
a.野性的,野生的;野蛮的;狂热的;荒芜的In the building, the wild child hurt his mild chin on the china.在大楼里,那个粗野的孩子在瓷器上弄伤了温柔的下巴.
adjective
NOT CONTROLLED 不受控制的
 ESSENTIAL
■uncontrolled, violent or extreme 疯狂的；狂暴的；猛烈的
• a wild party 狂野的派对
• wild dancing 狂舞
• The audience burst into wild applause. 观众爆发出热烈的掌声。
• When I told him what I'd done, he went wild (= became very angry). 当我告诉他我的所作所为时，他暴跳如雷。
• The children were wild with excitement (= were extremely excited). 孩子们欣喜若狂。
• Her eyes were wild/She had a wild look in her eyes (= Her eyes were wide open, as if she were frightened, or mentally ill). 她眼睛大睁着，眼中充满惊恐。
• His hair was wild (= long and untidy) and his clothes full of holes. 他的头发又长又乱，衣服上都是洞。
• There have been wild (= extreme) variations in the level of spending. 消费水准有着极大的差别。
• They get some wild weather (= many severe storms) in the north. 北方暴风雨很多。
• It was a wild (= stormy or very windy) night, with the wind howling and the rain pouring down. 那是一个暴风雨大作的夜晚，狂风怒吼，大雨倾盆。
■slang
■very unusual, often in a way that is attractive or exciting 不寻常的；极棒的；非凡的
• Those are wild trousers you're wearing, Fi. 你穿的裤子可真棒，弗埃。
[waɪld] adjective
NATURAL 自然的
 IMPROVER
■describes plants or animals that live or grow independently of people, in natural conditions and with natural characteristics 野生的；未经栽培的；未经驯化的
• wild flowers/grasses 野花／野草
• a herd of wild horses 一群野马
 ADVANCED
■describes land that is not used to grow crops and has few people living in it 荒无人烟的；未经开垦的
• a wild mountainous region 荒无人烟的山区
[waɪld] adjective
NOT THOUGHT ABOUT 未经考虑的
wild accusation/guess/rumour
■something that you say which is not based on facts and is probably wrong 毫无根据的指控／猜测／谣言
[waɪld] adjective
be wild about sth/sb informal
■to be very enthusiastic about something or someone 对…非常狂热
• I'm not wild about Thai food. 我对印度食品不是很感兴趣。
[waɪld] adjective
wild horses wouldn't drag me
■If you say wild horses would not drag you somewhere, you mean that nothing could persuade you to go there 任何事情也不能劝说我做…；八匹马也拉不了我回头
• Wild horses wouldn't drag me to a party tonight. 今晚我坚决不去参加派对。
[waɪld] noun
in the wild
■in natural conditions, independent of humans 在野生环境中
• Animals would produce more young in the wild than they do in the zoo. 动物在野生环境中的产崽数量要比在动物园里多。
in the wilds (of somewhere)
■in an area which is far from where people usually live and difficult to get to, and that is not considered easy to live in 荒野；偏远地区
• She lives somewhere in the wilds of Borneo. 她住在婆罗洲荒野中的某个地方。
stormy, wild, fierce, turbulent, violent
这组词都有“剧烈的，凶猛的，狂暴的”的意思，其区别是：
stormy: 指风雨大作，也指人很激动的感情。
wild: 普通用词，既可指自然界的荒芜，未被驯化状态，又指人的无法无天，不文明的野蛮行为。
fierce: 普通用词，指人或兽的凶猛残酷。
turbulent: 正式用词，多用描写风和水，也可指心神不定或控制不住的感情波动。
violent: 普通用词，指人时侧重极为不安，异常激，暗含有达或暴力行为；也指破坏性的或不可控制的自然力量。
adj. 野生的；野蛮的；狂热的；荒凉的
 - crazy, field, enthusiastic, desert
n. 荒野
 - Sahara, moorland
adv. 疯狂地；胡乱地
 - random, madly

Word: airflow
Front: airflow
[ˈeəfləʊ] (19113/25988)
Back: n. 空气流动，（尤指行驶中车辆外的）气流
adj. 让空气自由流动的; 流线型的; 气流产生的
分布：气流(99%)，空气的气流(1%)
N-UNCOUNT
空气流动
The airflow around an object or vehicle is the way that the air flows around it.
N-COUNT
气流
An airflow is a wind, especially one that blows very high above the earth.
n. 气流（尤指飞机等产生的）； [流] 空气的流动
 - airstream, slipstream
adj. 让空气自由流动的；气流产生的；流线型的
 - faired, clipper-built

Word: unhappily
Front: unhappily
[ʌnˈhæpɪli] (19190/14601)
Back: adv. 不快乐地; 悲惨地; 痛苦地; 不幸地
分布：不幸地(84%)，不快乐地(16%)
ADV
令人伤心地；令人遗憾地
You use unhappily to introduce or refer to a statement when you consider it is sad and wish that it was different.
例：On May 23rd, unhappily, the little boy died...令人伤心的是，5月23号，那个小男孩死了。
例：Unhappily the facts do not wholly bear out the theory...令人遗憾的是，这些事实并不能完全证明该理论。
adv. 不幸地；遗憾地
 - unfortunately, unluckily

Word: sundae
Front: sundae
[ˈsʌndeɪ] (19202/39337)
Back: n. 圣代冰淇淋
分布：圣代冰淇淋(100%)
→改写自 Sunday,星期天。可以是因星期天专供冰淇淋而得名。
noun countable
■a food made from ice cream, with pieces of fruit, nuts, cream, sweet sauce, etc. on top of it 圣代霜淇淋

Word: calligraphy
Front: calligraphy
[kəˈlɪgrəfi] (宝 19189/23096)
Vocabulary: calligraphy
(once / 15739 pages)
n
Ever see a framed diploma in your doctor's office filled with fancy old fashioned curvy handwriting announcing they trained at such and such a university? Well, that style of writing is calligraphy, and it's mostly used for important public documents.
The word calligraphy comes from two Greek words stuck together, kallos, meaning "beauty," and graphein, meaning "to write" — literally "beautiful writing." In the days before printing was invented, all books and documents were written by hand using calligraphy, the most famous examples being the bibles written by medieval monks.
WORD FAMILY
calligraphy: calligrapher, calligraphical, calligraphies, calligraphist+/calligrapher: calligraphers/calligraphist: calligraphists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Across the country state-sponsored vandals destroyed temples, mansions, city walls, scenic sites, paintings, calligraphy and other artefacts.
Economist(Dec 20, 2016)
I run a calligraphy business, do a bit of tutoring and occasionally write pieces for religious publications.
The Guardian(Dec 08, 2016)
He runs an informal Islamic school, where men and boys pray and write out the Koran in elegant ink calligraphy on yellow parchment.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 20, 2016)
Back: n. 美术字（体）; 书法，笔迹
分布：书法(100%)
→calli-，美。-graph, 写。
书法[cal=beautiful(美丽)]
noun uncountable
■(the art of producing) beautiful writing, often created with a special pen or brush 书法；书法艺术
• There's some wonderful calligraphy in these old manuscripts. 这些古老的手稿中有些地方书写得极好。
n. [语] 书法；笔迹
 - writing, penmanship

Word: prosaic
Front: prosaic
[prəˈzeɪɪk] (宝 19211/18485 -1)
Vocabulary: prosaic
(once / 1895 pages)
adj
Prosaic means ordinary or dull. Most of us lead a prosaic everyday life, sometimes interrupted by some drama or crisis.
This adjective is from Latin prosa "prose," which is ordinary writing intended to communicate ideas and information. Prose is often contrasted with poetry, which usually has a more imaginative and original style.
WORD FAMILY
prosaic: prosaically, prosaicness+/ prose: prosaic, proses
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It is a matter of being levelheaded and prosaic and less romantic and idealistic about our American links.”
Washington Post(Dec 12, 2016)
But it’s this rather prosaic climate denial that lets the Trumps of the world get away with their more extreme forms.
The Guardian(Dec 06, 2016)
Other experts pointed to more prosaic reasons for holding a full recount by hand.
The Guardian(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 散文的; 乏味的; 如实的
分布：散文的(56%)，平淡无奇的(22%)，无想象力的(11%)，单调乏味的(11%)
→来自prose,散文，平白的文字。引申词义没有诗意的，平淡的。
单调乏味的(prose散文+ic...像散文一样平淡的)[-ic 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人或学科"3.表名词"某种病"]
【记】源于：prose（n 散文），aic－散文一般单调的pro前面，sai塞，c：文章的前面塞了很多无聊的东西－单调的
【反】extraordinary（adj 非常的）；exceptional（adj 异常的）；imaginary（adj 假想的；虚构的）；exciting（adj 令人兴奋的）；ingenious（adj 机灵的；独创的）；preternatural（adj 超自然的）
[prə'zeɪ.ɪk] formal
adjective
■without interest, imagination and variety; boring 乏味的；平淡无奇的；缺乏想像力的
• If only she'd been called 'Camilla' or 'Flavia' instead of the prosaic 'Jane'. 要是她叫“卡蜜拉”或“弗拉维亚”而不是叫“珍”这个平常的名字该多好。
• He asked if I'd got my black eye in a fight - I told him the prosaic truth that I'd banged my head on a door. 他问我眼睛是不是在打架时被打瘀青的——我告诉他事情很简单，是头撞到门弄的。
adj. 平凡的，乏味的；散文体的
 - ordinary, stock, stupid

Word: shouting
Front: shouting
[ˈʃaʊtɪŋ] (19210/19045)
Back: n. 喊叫，呼叫
v. 呼，喊，叫( shout的现在分词 ); 大声讲
分布：大喊大叫(92%)，在电子信件中全部用大写字母(4%)，动词shout的现在分词形式.(4%)
US [-tˌɪŋ] noun uncountable
■shouts 喊叫；喊声
• We could hear shouting in the street outside. 我们能听见外面街道上的喊叫声。

Word: incapacitate
Front: incapacitate
[ˌɪnkəˈpæsɪteɪt] (托 19224/19344)
Vocabulary: incapacitate
(once / 5024 pages)
v
If you are incapacitated, you can’t do what you normally do, what you’re being asked to do — or perhaps, much of anything. To incapacitate someone is to cause him or her to be unable to function normally, like a bad cold that incapacitates you.
The verb incapacitate is related to the word capacity. Capacity comes from the Latin word capacitas, meaning “that can contain,” or how much something — brain, bucket or otherwise — can hold. The prefix in- reverses the meaning and when the suffix -ate is added, incapacitate means someone has been made unable to “contain” much — like attention, effort, or energy.
WORD FAMILY
incapacitate: incapacitated, incapacitates, incapacitating+/ capacious: capaciously, capaciousness/capacitate: capacitated, capacitates, capacitating, incapacitate / capacity: capacious, capacitate, capacities, incapacity/incapacity: incapacities
USAGE EXAMPLES
But it’s precisely because governments are distracted or incapacitated that there is a role for non-state actors.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
In 2004, a caregiver at the facility pleaded guilty to neglecting two incapacitated residents after falling asleep on the job.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
That’s true even in a case like Viacom’s, where the problem was a prolonged squabble over a successor to a possibly incapacitated controlling shareholder.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. 使无能力，使不适合
时态：incapacitated, incapacitating, incapacitates
分布：使不适于(58%)，使不能(42%)
→词源同incapable,无能力的，-ate,使。
使无能(in无＋capacit能力＋ate→无能力)[cap,capt,cept,ceive,cip,cup=take,hold,seize,表示"拿,抓,握住"]
verb transitive often passive
■to make someone unable to work or do things normally, or unable to do what they intended to do 使无能力（正常工作或做事）；使无法（做想做之事）
• The accident left me incapacitated for seven months. 这次意外导致我七个月不能正常生活和工作。
• Rubber bullets are designed to incapacitate people rather than kill them. 橡胶子弹旨在使人丧失行动能力而不是取人性命。
vt. 使无能力；使不能；使不适于
 - disenable

Word: comprehensible
Front: comprehensible
[ˌkɒmprɪˈhensəbl] (托宝 19208/14092)
Back: adj. <正>可理解的，能懂的
分布：可理解的(87%)，易懂的(13%)
可理解的(prehens+ible)[prehens,prehend=catch表示"抓住"]
US [ˌkɑ:m-] adjective
■able to be understood 可理解的，易于理解的
• It's written in clear, comprehensible English. 它是用明白易懂的英语写成的。
• Her writing is barely comprehensible to me. 她的作品我几乎不能理解。
Opposite incomprehensible
adj. 可理解的
 - accessible, intelligible

Word: old-style
Front: old-style
[əuld stail] (-1)
Back: adj. 旧式的; 老派的
分布：老派的(50%)，旧式的(50%)
US ['oʊld-] adjective [before noun]
■old-fashioned, or based on ideas from the past 老式的；过时的，陈旧的；迂腐的
• old-style teaching methods 陈旧的教学方法
• old-style politics 旧式政治
adj. 旧式的；老派的
 - ropey, outdated

Word: naysayer
Front: naysayer
['neɪˌseɪə] (宝 19209/-)
Vocabulary: naysayer
(once / 32382 pages)
n
A naysayer is a person who always says "No." Naysayers are negative and cynical — they aren't much fun to be around.
If you respond to every invitation with, "No thanks — I wouldn't have fun anyway," and answer questions about how your day was with a list of complaints, you're a naysayer. It's your negative, pessimistic attitude that makes you a naysayer. In the 1600s a nay-say was a "refusal," from the now less common use of nay to mean "no."
WORD FAMILY
naysayer: naysayers
USAGE EXAMPLES
With other A-listers, it’s all too common to be rebuffed by several layers of management, publicists and protective naysayers.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
It seems that our world as a result, is full of cynics and naysayers.
New York Times(Jun 30, 2016)
Instead of proving the naysayers wrong, Alabama looked like it would justify all the jokes.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: 反对者，否认者，老爱唱反调的人
分布：否定者(67%)，怀疑主义者(33%)
n. 否定者；拒绝者；老是唱反调的人
 - rejecter, refuser

Word: telescopic
Front: telescopic
[ˌtelɪˈskɒpɪk] (19136/21976)
Back: adj. 伸缩的; 望远镜的; （尤指镜片）能放大远处物体的; 眼力好的
分布：可伸缩的(44%)，远视的(28%)，套筒式的(19%)，望远镜式的(9%)
ADJ
(镜头、仪器)能望远的，望远镜的
Telescopic lenses and instruments are used to make things seem larger and nearer, and are usually longer than others of the same type.
例：...a sporting rifle fitted with a telescopic sight.安装了望远镜瞄准器的猎枪
ADJ
能伸缩的;套叠式的
A telescopic object is made of cylindrical sections that fit or slide into each other, so that it can be made longer or shorter, for example to save space when it is not being used.
例：...this new lightweight telescopic ladder.这把新型的伸缩式轻便梯子
adj. [光] 望远镜的； [眼科] 远视的；套管式伸缩的；眼力好的；有先见之明的
 - provident, hyperopic

Word: technologist
Front: technologist
[tekˈnɒlədʒɪst] (19212/20249)
Back: n. 技术专家，工艺学家，工艺人员
分布：技术专家(100%)
US [-'nɑ:.lə-] noun countable
■someone who works with a particular technology 技术专家；工艺师
• an architectural technologist 一个建筑学专家
• a food technologist 一个食品专家
n. [劳经] 技术专家；工艺学家
 - technical expert

Word: banister
Front: banister
['bænɪstə(r)] (宝 19144/22842)
Back: n. （楼梯的）栏杆，扶手
分布：楼梯的扶栏(47%)，栏杆的支柱(40%)，=bannister.(13%)
→来自baluster的讹误，部分学者认为该词粗俗。
【记】ban挡住，ister东西－挡住的东西－栏杆
US [-stɚ] (also banisters)
noun countable
■the row of poles at the side of stairs and the wooden or metal bar on top of them （楼梯的）栏杆
n. [建] 栏杆的支柱；楼梯的扶栏
 - baluster

Word: consul
Front: consul
[ˈkɒnsl] (六宝 19215/12699 -1)
Vocabulary: consul
(once / 215 pages)
n
A consul is a diplomat appointed to live in a foreign country, to protect both her country's interests and citizens living abroad. If you're an American living in Poland, take your troubles to the American consul.
In ancient Rome, there were two consuls elected every year to be in charge of the whole city. Like many words, this one developed new meanings and spellings. One of those is council, like your city council, who make up part of city government. The other is consul in the modern sense: the person from one country who is appointed to represent his country to a foreign government.
WORD FAMILY
consul: consular, consuls, consulship+/consular: consulate / consulate: consulates/consulship: consulships
USAGE EXAMPLES
He earlier was Greece’s ambassador to Libya and worked as consul in Rio from 2001-2004.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
He earlier was Greece’s ambassador to Libya and worked as consul in Rio from 2001-04.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Between the Brazil stints, Mr. Amiridis was Greece’s consul general in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, and ambassador to Libya, among other postings.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 领事; （古罗马共和国时期）执政官
分布：领事(100%)
→con-, 强调。-sul, 带来，召集，词源同counsel, 原指把长老院召集在一起协商公共事务，后指古罗马派遣到本土之外管理其它属地的长官，现指领事，领事馆。
【记】council（n 理事会；参议会；顾问班子）
US ['kɑ:nt-] noun countable
■an official chosen by a government to live in a foreign city, in order to take care of people from the official's own country who travel or live there, and to protect the trade interests of that government 领事
• the British Consul 英国领事

Word: acrobat
Front: acrobat
[ˈækrəbæt] (研宝 19213/23985)
Vocabulary: acrobat
(once / 5849 pages)
n
An acrobat is someone who skillfully performs gymnastic feats or other actions that involve agility and balance, such as a trapeze artist soaring through the air, or a tightrope walker at the circus.
You may be tempted to conclude that the bat in acrobat is a tribute to the animal that soars through the air when not hanging upside down. The source is not quite that creative. It comes from bainein, which is Greek for "to walk." The acro bit comes from akros, meaning "highest point." So acrobat is a reference to the classic and possibly first trick perfected by these artists, tightrope walking.
WORD FAMILY
acrobat: acrobats
USAGE EXAMPLES
The pub's website listed a line-up of acts for its New Year event that included musicians, comedians, acrobats and a fire performer.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
The rest of the show featured acrobats, balloon shapes and a parrot.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
In a third, an acrobat walks a tightrope between tall hedges while holding an umbrella in one hand.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 杂技演员; 立场观点善变的人，主张、政见等变化无常的人
分布：杂技演员(94%)，见风使舵的人(6%)
→来自词根acer, 尖的，高的。-bat, 走，同vent,走，见advent,来临。-t,过去分词格。指走高空钢丝的杂技演员，后统指杂技演员。
n.特技演员,杂技演员
【记】acro高，bat走，蝙蝠－高空走的人＝高空蝙蝠－杂技演员
【参】acronym（n 只取首字母的缩写词）；acrophobia（n 恐高症）
noun countable
■a person who entertains people by doing difficult and skilful physical things, such as walking along a high wire 杂技演员
n. 杂技演员，特技演员；随机应变者；翻云覆雨者，善变者
 - posturer, tumbler

Word: oscillate
Front: oscillate
[ˈɒsɪleɪt] (雅宝 19205/15486 -1)
Vocabulary: oscillate
(once / 2326 pages)
v
On a hot day, you’ll be happy to have a fan that can oscillate, meaning it moves back and forth in a steady motion.
The verb oscillate can be traced back to the Latin word oscillum, meaning "swing," so it makes sense that oscillate is used to describe an object like a fan or a pendulum that swings from side to side. The word also can be used to describe a different kind of motion — the wavering of someone who is going back and forth between conflicting beliefs or actions. If you’ve ever had trouble making up your mind about something, you probably know what it feels like to oscillate — back and forth from one decision and to another and then back again. And again. And again.
WORD FAMILY
oscillate: oscillated, oscillates, oscillating, oscillation, oscillatory+/ oscillation: oscillations/oscillatory: nonoscillatory
USAGE EXAMPLES
At first, Taiwan’s economic policy toward China oscillated between extreme restriction and extreme liberalization.
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
That’s why he oscillates between boastful falsehoods and wounded falsehoods.
Salon(Nov 29, 2016)
For the rest of the week, temperatures will oscillate between the mid-60s to the low 70s in the coastal areas.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 使振荡，使振动，使动摇
vi. 持续周期性地摆动; 动摇，犹豫：犹豫不决; 动摇，犹豫：犹豫不决
时态：oscillated, oscillating, oscillates
分布：摆动(50%)，振动(25%)，犹豫(20%)，彷徨(5%)
→来自拉丁语os,嘴，词源同oral,-cill,小词后缀。原指在葡萄园入口处挂上的酒神Bacchus的面具，相当于庇佑符，以保佑葡萄丰收。因这个小面具常在风中摇摆，最终词义俗化，引申词义波动，使摇摆。
【记】osc，ill，ate吃：生病了还吃饭，手没有力量，所以手抖－摇摆
【参】vacillate（v 犹豫不定）
US ['ɑ:.səl.eɪt] verb intransitive
■to move repeatedly from one position to another 来回摆动；震动；震荡
• The needle on the dial oscillated between 'full' and 'empty'. 刻度盘上的指针在“满”和“空”之间来回摆动。
■formal
■If you oscillate between feelings or opinions, you change repeatedly from one to the other （感情或看法）摇摆不定
• My emotions oscillate between desperation and hope. 我时而感到绝望，时而怀有希望。
specialized
■(of a wave or electric current) to change regularly in strength or direction （波或电流）震荡
vt. 使振荡；使振动；使动摇
 - destabilize
vi. 振荡；摆动；犹豫
 - hesitate, to swing

Word: glade
Front: glade
[gleɪd] (宝 19174/21540)
Back: n. 林中空地
分布：林间空地(100%)
→来自ghel, 照耀，发光，词源同glass, gold. 用来指林中空地，密林中明亮光线之地。
【记】源于：glad（adj 高兴的；乐意的）在林中迷路了，发现glade就会gladgladiator（n 古罗马公开表演的格斗者）在glade中决斗
【区】blade（n 刀片）
[gleɪd] literary
noun countable
■a small area of grass without trees in a wood 林间空地
n. [林] 林间空地；沼泽地
 - wetland, swampland

Word: doings
Front: doings
['du:ɪŋz] (19249/-)
Back: n. 行为，举动; 所需的东西
分布：行为(64%)，所做之事(18%)，举动(12%)，名词doing的复数形式.(6%)
N-PLURAL
(一段时期内的)活动
Someone's doings are their activities at a particular time.
例：The film chronicles the everyday doings of a group of London schoolchildren.电影记载了一群伦敦小学生的日常活动。
n. 举动，行为；所做之事（doing的复数）
 - behaviors, deeds

Word: naturalism
Vocabulary: naturalism
(once / 724 pages)
1n 2n
Naturalism is the belief that nothing exists beyond the natural world. Instead of using supernatural or spiritual explanations, naturalism focuses on explanations that come from the laws of nature.
Beyond the belief that everything can be explained using nature, naturalism is also a term for a particular style of art and literature from the 19th century. Naturalism refers to a realistic approach to art that rejects idealized experiences. So when you look at a painting that embodies the spirit of naturalism, you'll notice it capturing the real world rather than trying to make things look better than they are. With naturalism: what you see is what you get.
WORD FAMILY
naturalism: naturalist, naturalistic +/denaturalise: denaturalised, denaturalises/denaturalize: denaturalized, denaturalizes, denaturalizing/ natural: naturalise, naturalism, naturalize, naturally, naturalness, naturals, nonnatural, supernatural, unnatural /naturalisation: naturalisations/naturalise: denaturalise, naturalisation, naturalised, naturalises, naturalising/naturalised: unnaturalised/ naturalist: naturalists/ naturalistic: naturalistically/ naturalization: naturalizations/ naturalize: denaturalize, naturalization, naturalized, naturalizes, naturalizing/naturalized: unnaturalized/naturalness: naturalnesses/ nature: ill-natured, natural, natures, naturism/naturism: naturist, naturistic/naturist: naturists/ supernatural: supernaturalism, supernaturally, supernaturalness, supernaturals/supernaturalism: supernaturalisms, supernaturalist, supernaturalistic/ unnatural: unnaturally, unnaturalness/unnaturalness: unnaturalnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is characterized by an insistent lack of naturalism, its almost lurid color and its melodramatic theme.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
They will likely tackle larger moments in his political life, and will surely trade low-key naturalism for bigger biopic moments.
Washington Times(Dec 15, 2016)
The silkscreen process fuzzes the scene, while a mechanically produced grid interrupts any easy perceptions of naturalism.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 14, 2016)

Word: recyclable
Front: recyclable
[ˌri:ˈsaɪkləbl] (19149/25660)
Vocabulary: recyclable
(once / 71633 pages)
adj
Don’t chuck anything recyclable because it can be used again. Glass bottles and paper are recyclable. Styrofoam and unicorns are not.
Recycling happens when things like old paper, plastic food containers, and metal cans are turned into something new. Recyclable paper, for example, might find a new life as a cardboard box, and recyclable soda bottles might be transformed into plastic benches and tables. Not everything is recyclable, and people who care about reducing consumption and pollution will often make sure they're buying food and other goods in recyclable containers.
WORD FAMILY
recycle: recyclable, recycled, recycles, recycling+/recycling: recyclings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The recycling is free — customers with only recyclable items don’t need to weigh in.
Seattle Times(Dec 05, 2016)
Shiffer says her plan is to coat the helmet with a recyclable or biodegradable waterproofing material, such as wax, for rainy days.
The Guardian(Nov 17, 2016)
A recyclable, folding cycling helmet made of paper has won this year's international James Dyson Award.
BBC(Nov 17, 2016)
Back: adj. 可循环再用的
分布：循环(69%)，再利用(13%)，再循环(10%)，使再循环(5%)，再制(3%)
adjective
■able to be recycled 可回收利用的；可再利用的

Word: laudable
Front: laudable
[ˈlɔ:dəbl] (托雅 19227/18635)
Vocabulary: laudable
(once / 2227 pages)
adj
Use the word laudable to describe something that deserves praise or admiration, like your laudable efforts to start a recycling program at your school.
When you break apart the word laudable, you can see the verb laud, meaning praise or acclaim, followed by the suffix -able, which is a tip-off that this word is an adjective. So laudable describes things that are worthy of praise, such as a laudable effort to end poverty, and it can also describe admirable ideas or beliefs, such as a laudable compassion for others.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
laudable / laudatory
Choose your words:
Acclaimed playwright-actor returns home for a laudable/laudatory cause
When it was published, the most laudable/laudatory review came from the novelist Anthony Burgess.
In the first sentence a playwright-actor comes home for a good cause, a praiseworthy cause. That's laudable. Though a positive word, laudable many times precedes a negative follow-up statement.
I soon realized that the efforts, though laudable, have a ways to go to meet the standard being set in my hometown.
Cutting taxes laudable, but some city needs must be addressed
In the second sentence, Burgess gave a positive review of the it mentioned. The review itself isn't being described as praiseworthy, the review was doing the praising. We want laudatory here.
A trio of laudatory articles on Amazon in recent days compelled one to take another look at the company's performance.
Thomas Keneally wrote a laudatory biography of Hasler in 1993 titled Utility Player.
The difference to watch for between these adjectives is who or what is receiving the praise. If the noun that the adjective modifies is receiving the praise, such as a worthy cause, then choose laudable. Think able to be praised. If the noun is giving the praise to something else, such as a positive review of a book, then choose laudatory.
WORD FAMILY
laudable: laudability, laudableness, laudably+/ laud: laudable, laudatory, lauded, lauder, lauding, lauds/ laudatory: laudatorily/lauder: lauders
USAGE EXAMPLES
The goal might be “laudable,” the governor said at the time, “but increasing taxes to achieve this goal is the wrong approach.”
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
“Digitization is laudable, but it never replaces the books themselves, which now need to be carefully studied and catalogued,” she said.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
“President Obama is a laudable person to showcase and for Southern Californians to appreciate.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 值得赞美的
分布：值得称赞的(100%)
→来自laud,赞美。
值得赞美的[laud=praise(赞扬)]
US ['lɑ:-] formal
adjective
■(of actions and behaviour) deserving praise, even if there is little or no success （行为）值得赞扬的，值得称赞的
• a laudable aim/ambition 值得赞扬的目标／雄心
• The recycling programme is laudable, but does it save much money? 这项回收计划值得称道，不过它能节省许多资金吗?

Word: centralization
Front: centralization
[ˌsentrəlaɪ'zeɪʃn] (宝 19079/17011)
Back: n. 集中; 集中化
分布：集中(97%)，中央集权化(3%)
集中化(central中心的)[-ization表名词,来自-ize+ation,"…化"或"发展过程"]
【记】centralize（v集中，集权化；centr中心，ize表动作）
VERB
使权力中央化;对…集权控制
To centralize a country, state, or organization means to create a system in which one central group of people gives instructions to regional groups.
例：In the mass production era multinational firms tended to centralize their operations...在大规模生产的时代，跨国公司往往实行集权化经营。
例：The economy of the times made it difficult to support centralized rule.当时的经济状况不利于实行集权统治。