Title: COCA-1W8-2W

Word: reverend
Vocabulary: reverend
(once / 1390 pages)
adjn
Use the noun reverend to talk about a clergy member of a Christian church, as in: "Let's ask the reverend if she'll marry us next week."
A minister, preacher, or priest can each also be called a reverend. The word is often capitalized, especially when it's used in the form "the Reverend so-and-so." In the early 15th century, it meant "worthy of respect," a meaning that's sometimes still used today, and by the late part of that century it was being used for clergy members too, though it was earliest spelled reverent.
WORD FAMILY
reverend: reverendest, reverendly, reverends
USAGE EXAMPLES
Do you remember my father? the reverend asked.
Washington Post(Dec 12, 2016)
A friend of Taylor, Adren Greene, said the reverend died in or just outside his home.
Seattle Times(Dec 10, 2016)
“It’s about desperation, decadence, depression and rage,” said a reverend.
New York Times(Dec 09, 2016)

Word: tightening
Front: tightening
['taɪtnɪŋ] (17266/14862)
Back: n. 上紧，固定，紧密
v. 收紧( tighten的现在分词 ); （使）变紧; （使）绷紧; 加紧
分布：上紧(40%)，固定(35%)，紧密(15%)，动词tighten的现在分词形式.(10%)
V-ERG
抓紧;攥紧
If you tighten your grip on something, or if your grip tightens, you hold the thing more firmly or securely.
例：Luke answered by tightening his grip on her shoulder...卢克的回应就是把她的肩头抓得更紧了。
例：Her arms tightened about his neck in gratitude...她充满感激，把他的脖子搂得更紧了。
V-ERG
绷紧，拉紧(绳、链)
If you tighten a rope or chain, or if it tightens, it is stretched or pulled hard until it is straight.
例：The anchorman flung his whole weight back, tightening the rope...那个压阵队员使尽了全身力气往后拽，把绳子拉得紧紧的。
例：The cables tightened and he was lifted gradually from the deck.缆绳绷紧了，他被慢慢地吊离了甲板。
V-ERG
(对…)严加控制;(使)加强控制
If a government or organization tightens its grip on a group of people or an activity, or if its grip tightens, it begins to have more control over it.
例：He knows he has considerable support for his plans to tighten his grip on the machinery of central government...他清楚有相当多的人支持他对中央政府机构加强控制的计划。
例：As the regime's grip on the mainland tightened over the next few years, hundreds of thousands more people fled south.随着后来几年那个政权加强对大陆的控制，又有数十万人逃往南方。
VERB
拧紧，旋紧(螺钉、螺丝帽等)
When you tighten a screw, nut, or other device, you turn it or move it so that it is more firmly in place or holds something more firmly.
例：I used my thumbnail to tighten the screw on my lamp...我用拇指指甲把台灯上的螺钉拧紧了。
例：All the bolts were fully tightened.所有的螺钉都拧紧了。
VERB
(身体局部)变僵硬，产生憋闷感，产生阻塞感
If a part of your body tightens, the muscles in it become tense and stiff, for example because you are angry or afraid.
例：Sofia's throat had tightened and she couldn't speak...索菲娅喉咙哽住了，说不出话来。
例：She saw his jaw tighten and his face lose its colour.她看见他的下巴绷紧，脸色煞白。
VERB
使(规定、政策、制度)更加严格；使更加有效
If someone in authority tightens a rule, a policy, or a system, they make it stricter or more efficient.
例：The United States plans to tighten the economic sanctions currently in place...美国计划加大现有经济制裁的力度。
例：They have tightened security along the border...他们加强了边境的安全工作。
v. 拧紧；使绷紧；扣紧（tighten的ing形式）
 - screwing

Word: outhouse
Front: outhouse
[ˈaʊthaʊs] (17207/20711)
Back: n. 外屋，厕所
分布：户外厕所(42%)，外屋(31%)，附属建筑物(27%)
noun countable
■a small building joined to or near to a larger one （与大建筑物相连或相近的）附属建筑，外围建筑
US
■a toilet in an outbuilding 户外厕所
n. [建] 外屋；屋外厕所；附属建筑物
 - adjacent accommodation, outbuilding

Word: carousel
Vocabulary: carousel
(once / 21335 pages)
n
A carousel is a circular, rotating amusement ride with seats for children. Do you like roller coasters or is the carousel more your speed?
If you’re at a carnival, a carousel probably has fake horses. But if you’re at an airport, the carousel is a conveyor belt that carries luggage (no horses). Carousel was originally the name of an event at tournaments of 16th century knights. In the carousel, knights would charge, full speed on ornately decorated horses, trying to put the tip of their lance through a golden ring. This carousel was inspired by Middle Eastern games witnessed by knights in the Crusades.
WORD FAMILY
carousel: carousels
USAGE EXAMPLES
The evening includes show tunes from Broadway favorites like “My Fair Lady,” “The Sound of Music” and “Carousel.”
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
This holiday season, I got a burst of sunshine in a production of “Carousel,” the Rodgers and Hammerstein musical, at the Arena Stage in Washington.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
With the coaching carousel spinning full-tilt in December, a handful of fill-ins end up working the sidelines through the holidays.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 25, 2016)

Word: basal
Front: basal
[ˈbeɪsl] (17113/9393)
Vocabulary: basal
(once / 5375 pages)
adj
Something that's basal forms the base or the bottom layer of an object. The basal leaves on a plant are connected to the lowest section of its stem.
In medicine, the word basal describes structures that are located at the base of some major organ or other body part. Basal ganglia, for example, are found at the base of the brain in humans, and a basal cell is at the deepest part of the skin. Basal comes from the word base, from the Latin basis, "foundation," via the Greek basis, "step or pedestal."
WORD FAMILY
basal: basally+/ base: basal, based, baseless, basely, baseness, baser, bases, basest, basify, basilar, basing/ baseless: baselessly/baseness: basenesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
But in plants and ‘basal’ animals such as corals and sponges, the error rate in mitochondrial gene replication is quite low.
Nature(Dec 19, 2016)
For example, consider the Semantic Scholar search results for studies of the basal ganglia in songbirds.
Science Magazine(Nov 11, 2016)
I get made fun of for walking places just to get some basal activity in.
New York Times(Oct 18, 2016)
Back: adj. 基底的，在底部的，基础的
分布：基础的(60%)，基本的(40%)
→来自base, 基础。
ADJ
基础的；基本的；基部的
Basal means relating to or forming the base of something.
例：Side shoots should be cut back to one leaf above the basal cluster.应将旁枝剪至主串上一叶高处
例：...the basal layer of the skin.皮肤的基底层
ADJ
基本的；处于休息状态的
Your basal metabolic rate is the rate at which your body uses energy when it is at rest.
例：Regular exercise can increase your basal metabolic rate...定期运动能够提高你的基础代谢率。
例：Basal metabolism is much lower for creatures in cold water.冷水中生物的基础代谢速度要低很多。
adj. [生物] 基部的；基础的
 - basic, foundational

Word: alight
Front: alight
[əˈlaɪt] (托 17190/11463 -1)
Vocabulary: alight
(once / 493 pages)
1v 2adj
The word alight has two distinct meanings: it can mean coming down or settling in a delicate manner, such as a bird perching, or it can be a rather poetic way to describe something that’s on fire (or “afire”).
Just as the word alight has two distinct grammatical forms and meanings, it has two distinct beginnings in the Old English. That period’s word ālīhtan had an original meaning of dismounting, or lightening the load on the horse, and so is the ancestor of the verb we use today that means "to settle or perch." Meanwhile, the word onlīhtan (see the different spelling?) of that same time meant to be on fire, which became our adjectival use of the word.
WORD FAMILY
alight: alighted, alighting, alights
USAGE EXAMPLES
Scottish Fire and Rescue Service said the building was "well alight" and about 55 firefighters were using nine fire engines to fight the blaze.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
Firefighters found the Worthing bungalow fully alight after receiving an emergency call on Christmas Day.
BBC(Dec 26, 2016)
They alighted at the edge of the New York Military Academy where a young cadet was being hazed and crying.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vi. 下来; 飞落; 偶然发现，碰到; 降落
adj. 点着的，点亮的; 烧着的，烧起的
时态：alighted, alighting, alights
分布：落下(34%)，走下(25%)，燃烧的(25%)，明亮的(16%)
【记】a非，不，light轻的－不轻－重－降落，下车
adjective [after verb]
BURNING 燃烧的
■burning; on fire 燃烧的；着火的；照亮（着）的
• I had to use a bit of petrol to get the fire alight. 我不得不倒了一点汽油才生着了火。
• The rioters overturned several cars and set them alight. 暴徒掀翻了几辆汽车并将其付之一炬。
• He was smoking in bed and his blankets caught alight. 他在床上抽烟，把毯子点着了。
[ə'laɪt] adjective [after verb]
SHINING BRIGHTLY 灿烂地发光
■brightly lit up
• The sky was alight with hundreds of fireworks. 无数的烟花把天空照得如同白昼。
■literary
■showing excitement and happiness 容光焕发的；兴奋的，喜悦的
• Her eyes were alight with mischief. 她的眼神里透着调皮。
[ə'laɪt] verb (alighted or old-fashioned alit, alighted or old-fashioned alit) old-fashioned
GET OUT OF 出去
intransitive formal
■to get out of a vehicle, especially a train or bus （尤指从火车或公共汽车上）下来
• The suspect alighted from the train at Euston and proceeded to Heathrow. 嫌疑犯在尤斯顿下了火车，接着又赶往希斯洛机场。
[ə'laɪt] verb (alighted or old-fashioned alit, alighted or old-fashioned alit) old-fashioned
LAND ON 降落
intransitive + adverb or preposition formal
■to land on something 降落，飞落
• A butterfly alighted gently on the flower. 一只蝴蝶轻轻落在那朵花上。
intransitive + adverb or preposition literary
■to find or unexpectedly see something 发现；偶然碰见；无意中发觉
• As she glanced round the room her eyes alighted upon a small child. 她环视房间，目光无意中落在一个小孩身上。
• I spent an hour in the bookshop before alighting on the perfect present. 我在书店里逛了一个小时才发现这本书——当作礼物真是再合适不过了。
vi. 下来；飞落
 - come down, get down

Word: partition
Front: partition
[pɑ:ˈtɪʃn] (六雅宝 9717/8564 -1)
Vocabulary: partition
(once / 843 pages)
1nv 2n
A partition is something that divides space. When your younger brother decides to stop bathing, setting up a partition between his side of the room and yours seems like a good idea...until you realize your partition is not air-tight.
Partition can be used as a noun or as a verb. As a noun, it usually refers to a physical barrier between spaces. As a verb, to partition is to separate into sections — like to partition an office space into different work spaces. One can also partition something that does not involve physical space — like when you partition school life from home life, you are splitting your life into two parts that don’t intersect.
WORD FAMILY
partition: partitioned, partitioning, partitionist, partitions+/partitioned: unpartitioned/partitionist: partitionists
USAGE EXAMPLES
The 18-year-old was handcuffed and placed in the back of a police car with no partition.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Some 600,000 Israelis now live in the two areas, complicating any partition of the land between Israel and a future Palestine.
Time(Dec 25, 2016)
Partition Resolution, which called for Jerusalem to be a “corpus separatum under a special international regime . . . administered by the United Nations.”
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 划分，分开; 分割; 隔离物; 隔墙
vt. 分开，隔开; 区分; 分割
时态：partitioned, partitioning, partitions
分布：划分(46%)，分割(33%)，隔开(9%)，区分(7%)，隔离物(5%)
→来自part,分开，部分，-ition,名词后缀。引申词义隔断，隔墙。
分开,划分(part+ition→[分成]部分)[part,port=part,divide,表示"部分,分开"]
瓜分,隔开(part部分)[-iteon表名词"行为过程,状态"]
US [pɑ:r-] noun
DIVIDING STRUCTURE 分隔物
countable
■a vertical structure like a thin wall which separates one part of a room or building from another 隔墙，隔板
• The partitions between the toilets were very thin. 厕所间的隔板很薄。
UK [pɑ:'tɪʃ.ən] US [pɑ:r-] noun
NATIONAL DIVISION 国家的分裂
uncountable
■the dividing of a country into separate countries or areas of government （国家的）分割，分裂，分治
• The partition of India occurred in 1947. 印度在1947年发生分裂。
UK [pɑ:'tɪʃ.ən] US [pɑ:r-] verb transitive
DIVIDE ROOM 分隔房间
■to divide one part of a room from another with a thin wall 分隔，隔开
• Why don't you partition that large room into a lounge and a dining-room? 你为甚么不把那个大房间隔成起居室和饭厅呢？
UK [pɑ:'tɪʃ.ən] US [pɑ:r-] verb transitive
DIVIDE COUNTRY 分割国家
■to divide a country into separate areas of government （国家的）分割，分裂，分治
• Ireland was partitioned in 1921. 爱尔兰在1921年出现分裂。
n. [计] 划分，分开； [数] 分割； [建] 隔墙；隔离物
 - division, segmentation
vt. [数] 分割；分隔；区分
 - segment, deleave

Word: spiky
Front: spiky
[ˈspaɪki] (托 17228/15326 -1)
Back: adj. 大钉似的; 打了尖桩的; 尖刻的; 易怒的
级别：spikier, spikiest
分布：尖的(56%)，钉满钉子的(22%)，易动怒的(11%)，道钉一般的(11%)
→spike,尖刺，-y,形容词后缀。
adjective
POINTED 尖的
■covered with spikes or having that appearance 有尖刺的；尖细的
• a spiky cactus 长满尖刺的仙人掌
• spiky leaves 带刺的叶子
• spiky hair 刺猬头
['spaɪ.ki] adjective
BAD MOOD 坏心情 informal
■easily annoyed and not polite 动辄生气的；气量小的
• a spiky teenager 暴躁易怒的少年
adj. 大钉一般的；装有大钉的；尖刻的；易怒的；有穗的
 - bitter, passionate

Word: cheddar
Front: cheddar
['tʃedə(r)] (17212/25120 -1)
Vocabulary: cheddar
(once / 76254 pages)
n
Cheddar is a common type of hard cheese. You might use cheddar to make your favorite grilled cheese sandwich.
Cheddar ranges in flavor from very mild and smooth to a tangy, sharp taste, and it's color can be anything between a creamy white and a deep orange. This type of cheese was originally made in an English town called Cheddar — and it remains the most popular cheese in England, while it's second only to mozzarella in the US.
WORD FAMILY
cheddar: cheddars
USAGE EXAMPLES
The 30,000-square-foot York plant will employ 30 people, who collectively are expected to produce roughly 15 million pounds of cheddar cheese annually.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
First, extra-sharp cheddar provides the biggest punch of flavor, so you don’t need as much for the taste to burst through.
Washington Post(Dec 08, 2016)
At first glance, it looks like french fries, or “frites,” tossed with chunks of creamy cheddar cheese curds, all generously laced with gravy.
Washington Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. （英国产的）切德干酪
分布：干酪的一种(100%)
→因产自英格兰Cheddar郡而得名。
US [-ɚ] noun uncountable
■a hard British cheese （英国）切达起司
• Do you prefer mild or mature cheddar? 切达起司你喜欢味道淡淡的还是醇熟味浓的？

Word: subsist
Front: subsist
[səbˈsɪst] (托宝 17205/20653)
Vocabulary: subsist
(once / 501 pages)
v
When you subsist, you keep yourself alive. Since most airlines have stopped serving food, many travelers are forced to subsist on little packets of pretzels, even on long flights.
To subsist is to feed yourself, or keep yourself going, especially when you just barely manage to do so. A hunger striker might subsist on only water for weeks, and people in developing countries often have to subsist on small rations of rice or grain. Subsist comes from the Latin word subsistere, "to stand firm," but sometimes subsisting makes people feel like they are barely standing, rather than firmly standing.
WORD FAMILY
subsist: subsisted, subsistence, subsister, subsisting, subsists+/ subsistence: subsistences
USAGE EXAMPLES
In December, it pays even less because there are so many who are trying to subsist in it.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
The package amounted to about four times what the average family in Mokong subsists on annually.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
The population consisted mostly of Bedouin tribes, who subsisted on pearl diving, pirating, and occasional smuggling.
The New Yorker(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: vi. （靠很少的钱或食物）维持生活，生存下去
时态：subsisted, subsisting, subsists
分布：生存(63%)，维持生活(23%)，供给食物(7%)，供养(7%)
→sub-,在下，-sist,站立，词源同 stand,assist.引申比喻义勉强维持生活，度日等。
生存,维持生活(sub下面＋sist→站下去→活下去→生存)[sist=stand表示"站立"]
【记】sub下面，sist＝insist坚持－在下面坚持－生存
【参】subsistence（n 生存，生计＝livelihood）
[səb'sɪst] formal
verb intransitive
■to get enough food or money to stay alive 维持生计；勉强生存
• The prisoners were subsisting on a diet of bread and water. 犯人靠面包和水勉强度日。
vi. 存在；维持生活
 - exist, occur
vt. 供养
 - maintain, support, sustain, provide for

Word: fruity
Front: fruity
[ˈfru:ti] (17221/15875 -1)
Back: adj. 有果味的; 果实状的; 圆润的
级别：fruitier, fruitiest
分布：果香的(100%)
US [-tˌi] adjective
SMELL/TASTE 气味／味道
■smelling or tasting of fruit 水果的；水果味的
• This wine has a delicious fruity flavour. 这种酒有一种可口的水果香味。
UK ['fru:.ti] US [-tˌi] adjective
REMARK 言语
■(of a remark) humorous in a slightly shocking way 低级趣味的
• He was well known for his fruity jokes. 他爱讲黄色笑话是出了名的。
UK ['fru:.ti] US [-tˌi] adjective
VOICE 嗓音 informal approving
■(of a voice) deep and pleasant 低沉圆润的
adj. 圆润的；有果味的；果实状的
 - pear-shaped, mellow

Word: untenable
Front: untenable
[ʌnˈtenəbl] (17260/18540 -1)
Vocabulary: untenable
(once / 3564 pages)
adj
If something is untenable, you can't defend it or justify it. If your disagreement with your teacher puts you in an untenable position, you better just admit you made a mistake and get on with it.
When untenable entered English in the 17th century it meant "unable to be held against attack." That sense still holds true: you can use the adjective untenable to describe any situation, position, or theory that simply can't be defended. Untenable is a great word to use when you want to criticize something, whether it's a flawed system or a referee's bad call.
WORD FAMILY
untenable: untenably+/ tenable: tenability, tenableness, tenably, untenable
USAGE EXAMPLES
Li said the case marked a rare instance of agreement in the legal community that a decision by prosecutors was “untenable.”
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Bradley’s position effectively became untenable after Swansea lost 4-1 against West Ham.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
Keith Brown believes it is "untenable" to maintain silence on the issue.
BBC(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. （尤指辩论中的立场）站不住脚的; 不能维持的; 难以防守的; 不能租赁的
分布：不能维持的(58%)，不能防守的(21%)，支持不住的(21%)
不可防守的(un不+tanable可守住的)[tain,ten,tin=hold表示"拿住"]
【记】un不，tenable（adj 站得住脚的）：站不住脚
【反】defensible（adj 可防御的）
formal
adjective
■describes a theory or argument that cannot be supported or defended against criticism （理论或论点）难以捍卫的，站不住脚的
■describes a situation that cannot continue as it is （局面）难以继续的，难维持的
• If three people in four no longer support the government, isn't this an untenable situation? 如果四分之三的人不再支援政府，这样的局面就难以为继了吧？
adj. （论据等）站不住脚的；不能维持的；不能租赁的；难以防守的
 - indefensible

Word: corset
Front: corset
[ˈkɔ:sɪt] (17226/19387)
Vocabulary: corset
(once / 4466 pages)
nv
A corset is a fitted garment with stiff supports that cinch in the waist of the person who's wearing it. Corsets can be worn for back support, but women used to wear them to look skinny in their dresses.
Historians believe that corsets have been around for more than three hundred years. As fashion has changed over time, the shape and construction of corsets has also changed — today, while corsets are mainly worn as costumes or for medical reasons, many women still wear "foundation garments," which differ from corsets only in material — the modern version is made of stretchy fabric rather than stiff bones or metal. Corset is an Old French word, from cors, or "body."
WORD FAMILY
corset: corseted, corseting, corsets, corsetted
USAGE EXAMPLES
Already here, the corseted look is in place.
New York Times(Nov 30, 2016)
That is the brief explanation Miuccia Prada gave for her fall collection and the plentiful corsets she sent down the runway.
New York Times(Nov 25, 2016)
They could be composed of anything: a goat corseted by a tire; a stuffed bald eagle.
The Guardian(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: n. （妇女为衬托身体的）紧身胸衣
时态：corseted, corseting, corsets
分布：名词(97%)，动词(3%)
→cors, 同corp, 身体。-et, 小词后缀。
US ['kɔ:r-] noun countable
■a tight piece of underwear worn on the middle part of a woman's body to make her waist appear smaller, especially in the past （尤指过去女子用来束腰以显得苗条的）紧身褡 ，束腹

Word: counterfeit
Front: counterfeit
[ˈkaʊntəfɪt] (托雅宝 17208/22883 -1)
Vocabulary: counterfeit
(once / 1141 pages)
adjnv
A counterfeit is a fake or a forgery. If you painted an uncanny copy of the "Mona Lisa" and tried to pass it off as the original, you'd have a counterfeit on your hands.
An exact imitation of anything — a work of art, a ten dollar bill — is a counterfeit, and the act of creating the fake copy is the verb to counterfeit. You can also describe the forgery using the adjective form of counterfeit: a counterfeit Rolex watch. In Old French, the word contre, "counter or against", together with the word faire, "to make," joined together to mean "to make in imitation," which led to our counterfeit.
WORD FAMILY
counterfeit: counterfeited, counterfeiter, counterfeiting, counterfeitly, counterfeits+/counterfeiter: counterfeiters
USAGE EXAMPLES
But many of those areas didn’t hold the high-value artifacts prized by collectors, fueling a rise in an industry of counterfeit antiquities.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
“In and of itself, it can’t end black money, stop terrorism funding and the counterfeiting of notes.”
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Prosecutors said they used stolen credit card numbers to create counterfeit credit cards that they used for purchases and cash advances in north Alabama.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 仿制品，伪造物; 肖像，画像
vt. & vi. 仿制，造假; 假装，伪装
adj. 仿造的，假冒的; 虚伪的
时态：counterfeited, counterfeiting, counterfeits
分布：假冒的(34%)，仿造(23%)，假装(13%)，伪造品(13%)，伪装(9%)，膺品(5%)，假装的(3%)
→counter-, 相对。-feit, 同fact, 做。
【记】counter反，feit＝fact做－反着法律做东西－伪造
US [-tˌɚ-] adjective
■made to look like the original of something, usually for dishonest or illegal purposes 伪造的；仿造的；假冒的
• counterfeit jewellery/passports/coins 假珠宝／护照／钱币
vt. [法] 伪造，仿造；假装，伪装
 - simulate, doctor, come
vi. 仿造；假装
 - act, put on
n. 赝品；冒牌货； [法] 伪造品
 - stumour, shoddy
adj. 假冒的， [法] 伪造的；虚伪的
 - artificial, false

Word: assessor
Front: assessor
[əˈsesə(r)] (17171/9079 -1)
Vocabulary: assessor
(once / 5196 pages)
n
An assessor is a person whose job involves determining how much a house or building is worth. After an assessor establishes the value of a property, it can be taxed appropriately.
An assessor, sometimes called a "tax assessor," works for a city or county, aiding the process of collecting taxes from people who own property there. In order to figure out how much someone owes, an assessor compares the person's house to the others in the neighborhood and tallies up things like square footage, number of rooms, and acres of land. In Latin an assessor is "an assistant," though in Late Latin it means "one who assesses taxes."
WORD FAMILY
assessor: assessors+/ assess: assessable, assessed, assesses, assessing, assessment, assessor, reassess / assessment: assessments/ reassess: reassessed, reassesses, reassessing, reassessment / reassessment: reassessments
USAGE EXAMPLES
Though he was town assessor for three decades he doesn’t mention his work much in his diaries.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The Wisconsin Department of Revenue requires property tax assessors to account for the fair market value of a property.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Assessors will reassess the property over the next two years.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 技术顾问; 评税员，估价员; 陪审法官，助理法官
分布：估价员(61%)，确定税款的人(26%)，估计财产的人(13%)
N-COUNT
估价员;（资产）评估师;估税员
An assessor is a person who is employed to calculate the value of something, or the amount of money that should be paid, for example in tax.
N-COUNT
专家;（尤指法庭的）陪审推事，顾问
An assessor is a person who is an expert in a subject, especially someone asked to advise a court of law on that subject.
例：Two judges and six lay assessors sentenced White to life in prison.两名法官和六名大众陪审推事判决怀特终身监禁。
N-COUNT
（考试、面试、体育赛事等的）评分者，评委
An assessor is a person who judges the performance of someone else, for example in an exam, at an interview or at a sporting event.
例：...external assessors of GCSE exam results.普通中等教育证书考试结果的外请评分者
n. 评审员；确定税款的人；顾问
 - consultant, adviser

Word: managing
Front: managing
['mænɪdʒɪŋ] (4906/3337)
Back: adj. 管理的，节约的
v. 使用( manage的现在分词 ); 完成（困难的事）; 经营; 明智地使用（金钱、时间、信息等）
分布：管理的(91%)，动词manage的现在分词.(9%)
VERB
管理;经营;掌管
If you manage an organization, business, or system, or the people who work in it, you are responsible for controlling them.
例：Within two years he was managing the store...不出两年他就开始管理这家店了。
例：Most factories in the area are obsolete and badly managed...这个地区的绝大多数工厂都十分陈旧，经营状况也非常糟糕。
VERB
谨慎地使用，好好地利用(时间、金钱等)
If you manage time, money, or other resources, you deal with them carefully and do not waste them.
例：In a busy world, managing your time is increasingly important...在忙碌的世界里，善于利用时间变得越来越重要。
例：Josh expects me to manage all the household expenses on very little.乔希指望我对每笔家庭支出都精打细算。
VERB
设法做到;成功完成
If you manage to do something, especially something difficult, you succeed in doing it.
例：Somehow, he'd managed to persuade Kay to buy one for him...不知用了什么方法，他成功说服凯给他买了一个。
例：I managed to pull myself up onto a wet, sloping ledge...我终于爬上了一块潮湿倾斜的暗礁。
VERB
成功对付;设法应对
If you manage, you succeed in coping with a difficult situation.
例：She had managed perfectly well without medication for three years...3年来，她一直没有服药却挺了过来。
例：I am managing, but I could not possibly give up work...我正在努力应付，但我不可能放弃工作。
VERB
抽出，腾出，安排出(时间、金钱等)
If you say that you can manage an amount of time or money for something, you mean that you can afford to spend that time or money on it.
例：This makes it ideal for those who can only manage a few hours in the morning or evening...对于那些只能在早晚抽出几个小时的人来说，这是最理想不过的了。
例：'All right, I can manage a fiver,' McMinn said with reluctance.麦克明不情愿地说：“好吧，我可以出5镑。”
VERB
勉强做出（微笑、寒暄等);强作
If you say that someone managed a particular response, such as a laugh or a greeting, you mean that it was difficult for them to do it because they were feeling sad or upset.
例：He looked dazed as he spoke to reporters, managing only a weak smile...跟记者谈话的时候，他只是勉强挤出一丝淡淡的微笑，显得非常恍惚。
例：He managed a few sentences about his visit to the prison...他勉强描述了一下探监情况。
CONVENTION
（对他人给予帮助的婉拒）我能对付，我能行
You say 'I can manage' or 'I'll manage' as a way of refusing someone's offer of help and insisting on doing something by yourself.
例：I know you mean well, but I can manage by myself...我知道您是一番好意，不过我一个人能行。
例：'I'll do it, Eleanor,' Angus said, quickly jumping up. But this time she only shook her head. 'I'll manage,' she said firmly.安格斯一跃而起道：“让我来，埃莉诺。”可是，这一次她只是摇了摇头，坚定地说：“我能应付。”
adj. [管理] 管理的；节约的；爱管闲事的
 - administrative, regulatory, economical, saving
v. 管理；设法对付（manage的ing形式）
 - engineering, controlling, guiding

Word: referent
Front: referent
['refərənt] (15600/13446)
Vocabulary: referent
(once / 262652 pages)
nadj
A referent is what a word or symbol stands for. The referent is the concrete thing that’s being referred to, so an actual chair would be the referent of the word chair.
The referent of words such as table or building is pretty clear, but some referents are more abstract, like for the words happiness or danger. The word referent is handy in grammar-land, when you’re trying to figure out how words are being used in a sentence. Also, Frankenstein’s monster could be the referent of monster, experiment gone wrong, or big green guy.
WORD FAMILY
referent: co-referent, referents, self-referent
USAGE EXAMPLES
Such layering of referents is very much her style.
New York Times(Jul 13, 2016)
Those versed in contemporary art will recognize the referents.
Los Angeles Times(Apr 29, 2016)
The change in referent for the physicists' war — from blackboards to bombs — had serious implications.
Nature(Jul 27, 2015)
Back: n. 指示物
分布：被谈到的事(100%)
n. 指示物；指示对象
 - indicant

Word: site
Front: site
[saɪt] (研四六托雅 532/646 -K4)
Vocabulary: site
(once / 94 pages)
nv
A site is a location. The leader of a Zombie Army might remind his underlings: “Your web site is just a collection of pages at one address on the Web. Your burial site is where you find more soldiers!”
Site can also refer to a specific parcel of land, such as a building site or a burial site. Although a website has no physical location, it does have a virtual one, which is reached the same way a physical location is: by going to an address.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
cite / site / sight
All are good for research papers: cite is short for citation, site is a place, and sight is what your eyeballs are for. The Web has a lot to answer for, good and bad. One item in the minus column is the increased popularity of site and people throwing these sound-alikes all over the place!
Cite is a verb to mean to quote, to summon officially, to mention formally, or even to compliment. It's also the noun form of the same things: a formal summons, or an official mention. You have to cite your sources when you write a paper, but it's also a nod to wherever you got your idea. Check out what cite can do:
The band, formed in Ohio 10 years ago, cite numerous influences in different genres from hip-hop to rock and blues. (Reuters)
He was taken to his residence in Bellevue, cited and released. (Seattle Times)
A site is a specified place, such as a building site, but it's also short for Website, which is a collection of Web pages that are found within the same URL. Either way it's somewhere you can go:
It's taken nearly nine years, but large-scale commercial redevelopment of the World Trade Center site is tantalizingly close to taking off. (New York Post)
The death also was reported on the singer's web site. (Seattle Times)
Sight, of course, is vision or something that can be seen. If something is outta sight then it's fabulous whether you can see it or not. Here's an example of sight:
Visually impaired servers who have some sight wear blindfolds. (New York Times)
Though cite, site, and sight were confused before the Internet, we are more likely to use site for all of them because we use it so often for Website. If you can remember cite is short for citation and site is a location, whether it's online or off, you'll have the sight to use the words correctly.
WORD FAMILY
site: sited, sites
USAGE EXAMPLES
In October, Lucas unveiled similar but competing designs for Los Angeles and San Francisco sites, turning the project into a public competition.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
At a monitoring site in Kavewa Island, no turtle nests were found in 2010; almost 70 were identified four years later.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The inn on this site was first built in 1520 - on the north bank of the Thames to the east of the City.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 地点，位置，场所; [计算机]网站; 遗址; 地皮
vt. 使坐落在; 安放，设置; 给…造址; 为…提供场所
时态：sited, siting, sites
分布：现场(48%)，地点(28%)，位置(22%)，使 ... 位于(2%)
→来自拉丁语 situs,位置，地方，地点，过去分词格于 sinere,放置，放下，来自 tkei,建立， 安置，安家，来自*kei,躺下，卧下，词源同 home,city.引申词义站点，网站等。
n.位置,场所,地点On the exciting kite site, the excited reciter cited my verse.在激动人心的风筝现场,激动的朗诵者应用了我的诗句.
noun countable
PLACE 地点
 IMPROVER
■a place where something is, was, or will be built, or where something happened, is happening, or will happen （建筑物的）地点，位置；建筑工地；（某事发生的）地点，现场
• a building site 建筑工地
• The council haven't yet chosen the site for the new hospital. 市政会尚未选定新医院的院址。
• This is the site of the accident. 这就是事故现场。
on site
■inside a factory, office building, etc. 在（工厂、办公楼等的）内部
• There are two restaurants on site. 内部有两家餐厅。
• The office complex has an on-site nursery. 这群办公大楼有一个内部托儿所。
[saɪt] noun countable
INTERNET 网路
 IMPROVER
■a website 网址
[saɪt] verb transitive usually + adverb or preposition formal
■to exist or be built in a particular place 使坐落于
• The company head office is sited in Rome. 该公司的总部设在罗马。
setting, site, position, location, scene, locality, place, situation, spot
这组词都有“地点、位置、场所”的意思，其区别是：
setting: 一般特指戏剧或小说所写的环境或场所。
site: 指或大或小的地方，既可指供专门用途或特定活动的地点，又可指某一事件的地址。
position: 多指物体相对于其他物体所处的位置或状态。
location: 指某物设置的方向或地点。
scene: 常指真实事件或虚构故事发生的地点。
locality: 指某物所处的客观位置和周围地区。
place: 含义广泛，最普通用词，既可指很小的地点，又可指很大很远的地方或场所。
situation: 指物体在其周围环境中所处的位置或状态，侧重地点或场所的环境特征。
spot: 指相对较小的特定地点或事物所在地。
n. 地点； [自] 位置；场所
 - location, spot, situation, where, lie
vt. 设置；为…选址
 - intercalate, instal

Word: pester
Front: pester
[ˈpestə(r)] (托雅宝 17263/14732 -1)
Vocabulary: pester
(once / 3454 pages)
v
To pester someone is to annoyingly nag them about something. Pestering is repetitive and bothersome.
When a child asks a parent something over and over again — like "Can I have candy? Please? Can I have candy now?" — that's an example of pestering. Parents also pester kids when they say "Clean your room" or "Take out the garbage" over and over. Pestering is like requesting, but doing it many times, usually to the point of annoyance. No one likes to be pestered.
WORD FAMILY
pester: pestered, pesterer, pestering, pesters+/pestering: pesteringly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Those pesky midges were back en masse to pester players during an Astros-Indians game in Cleveland.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Scott keeps pestering lawmakers to fund his economic development incentive program - dubbed corporate welfare in some circles - and his pleas are largely ignored.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Democrats must, therefore, pester Republicans where it hurts: the pocketbook.
Time(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: vt. 使烦恼; 使为难; 纠缠
时态：pestered, pestering, pesters
分布：纠缠(90%)，使苦恼(10%)
→可能来自pest,害虫，害鸟，-er,表反复。引申词义打扰，纠缠。
US [-tɚ] verb transitive
■to behave in an annoying manner towards someone by doing or asking for something repeatedly 不断烦扰，纠缠
• At the frontier, there were people pestering tourists for cigarettes, food or alcohol. 在边境，有人不断缠着游客，索讨香烟、食品或酒。
• [+ to infinitive] John has been pestering her to go out with him all month. 整个月以来，约翰一直缠着她想跟她约会。
vt. 纠缠，烦扰；使烦恼
 - pursue, eat, burden, trouble

Word: disorderly
Front: disorderly
[dɪsˈɔ:dəli] (17274/15111)
Vocabulary: disorderly
(once / 1853 pages)
adj
Something that's disorderly is chaotic and messy, or unruly and out of control. A disorderly classroom might be the result of the teacher leaving for several minutes to answer a phone call.
It's one thing if your bedroom tends to be disorderly, with clothes and books scattered across the floor, but it's another thing to feel like your life itself is disorderly, confusing and unpredictable. Sometimes disorderly is used in a legal context to mean "destructive, or not law-abiding." You might be charged with disorderly conduct if you take part in a protest that's viewed by law enforcement as disorderly, or going against "law and and order."
WORD FAMILY
disorderly: disorderliness+/ disorder: disordered, disordering, disorderly, disorders/disordered: disorderedly/ order: disorder, ordered, orderer, ordering, orderly, orders, reorder, suborder, superorder/ordered: unordered/orderer: orderers/ordering: orderings/ orderly: orderlies, orderliness/reorder: reordered, reordering, reorders/suborder: suborders
USAGE EXAMPLES
He was charged with trespass, menacing, harassment, disorderly conduct and unlawful use of a weapon.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
“The film is as disorderly in its structure as the messy family history it surveys,” the Hollywood Reporter wrote in its review.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Aurora police said in a Tuesday afternoon news release that the teens face misdemeanor charges including battery, resisting police and disorderly conduct.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 杂乱的; 凌乱的; 妨碍治安的; 无法无天的
n. 混乱，杂乱
分布：乱的(72%)，无秩序的(20%)，骚动的(8%)
US [-'sɔ:r.dɚ.li] adjective
CONFUSED 混乱的
■untidy and badly organized 凌乱的；无序的
• It's a disorderly sort of a house with books and papers lying around everywhere. 那座房子里乱糟糟的，到处都是书籍和报纸。
UK [dɪ'sɔ:.dəl.i] US [-'sɔ:r.dɚ.li] adjective
ANGRY SITUATION 愤怒状态
■angry and violent 愤怒而狂暴的
• The police feared that the crowd were becoming disorderly and so they moved in with horses. 员警怕人群出现骚乱，于是骑马赶了过来。
adj. 混乱的，无秩序的；骚乱的；无法无天的
 - chaotic, confused, troubled, turbulent
adv. 杂乱地，无秩序地
 - intricately, mussily

Word: loathing
Front: loathing
[ˈləʊðɪŋ] (17265/15272)
Vocabulary: loathing
(once / 2095 pages)
n
Loathing is a feeling of complete disgust. Your loathing of the feeling of sand between your toes means that going to the beach isn't much fun for you.
If you have an utterly disgusted hatred of something, you have a loathing for it. A loathing of green vegetables can result in nutritional problems, and a loathing of little kids would make a person a pretty terrible babysitter. To loathe something is to abhor or strongly dislike it; the Old English root of both loathe and loathing is laðian, to be disgusted with.
WORD FAMILY
loathing: loathings+/ loathe: loathed, loather, loathes, loathing /loather: loathers
USAGE EXAMPLES
In Dugin’s case, the “central complex” is a mess of imperialism, bigotry, reactionary religiosity and a loathing of social diversity.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
The fury and loathing directed at climate scientists and campaigners seemed incomprehensible until I realised they were fake: the hatred had been paid for.
The Guardian(Nov 30, 2016)
Charismatic authority revels in the glamour and irrationality of visual images, just as it revels in emotion, stridency, fear and loathing.
The Guardian(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: n. 厌恶，憎恨
v. 憎恨，厌恶( loathe的现在分词); 极不喜欢
分布：厌恶(63%)，憎恨(33%)，动词loathe的现在分词.(4%)
【记】源于：loath（adj 不情愿的）；l＝leave，oath发誓：发誓离开－厌恶。读：老死ing－厌恶
【反】loathsome（adj 讨厌的）－eager（adj 渴望的）/amusing（adj 有趣的）/delectable（adj 使人愉快的）
US ['loʊ.ðɪŋ] formal
noun [S or U]
■strong hatred 憎恨，憎恶
• The thought of him touching her filled her with deep loathing. 一想到他触摸自己，她就感到非常恶心。
• He approached his rival with fear and loathing. 他怀着既恐惧又憎恶的心情向对手走去。
n. 嫌恶
 - detestation, reluctancy
adj. 厌恶的
 - sick, laith

Word: platonic
Front: platonic
[plə'tɒnɪk] (宝 17216/19396)
Vocabulary: platonic
(once / 14414 pages)
adj
Platonic describes a relationship that is purely spiritual and not physical. If a guy and a girl hang out all the time but aren't boyfriend and girlfriend, they'd describe their friendship as platonic.
This word platonic refers to the writings of Plato, an ancient Greek philosopher who wrote on the interesting subject of love. Platonic love and platonic friendships are marked by the absence of physical or sexual desire. Plato did acknowledge physical desire, but thought that if two people truly inspired each other, their spiritual or ideal love would bring them closer to God.
WORD FAMILY
platonic: platonically
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was the platonic ideal of a Bryant game, in other words.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Buchanan taught us not to think of government officials behaving in accordance with some platonic ideal of the public good.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 07, 2016)
Despite their differences, Moana and Maui turn out to need each other desperately, though that need is refreshingly platonic in nature.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 柏拉图（哲学）的; 理想的; 不切实际的; （两性之间关系）纯精神友谊的
分布：柏拉图哲学的(40%)，理想的(30%)，不切实际的(20%)，柏拉图主义的(10%)
→来自希腊语Platon,古希腊哲学家柏拉图，字面意思为宽肩的，来自platys,宽的，词源同plate.因柏拉图在一本文集里面系统论述了爱情中的性爱和情爱的区别，在欧洲文艺复兴时期就借用他的名字表达这一概念。
US [-'tɑ:.nɪk] adjective
■A platonic relationship or emotion is loving but not sexual （恋爱或感情）纯精神而无性爱的，柏拉图式的
• She knew he fancied her, but preferred to keep their relationship platonic. 她知道他喜欢她，但她更愿意与他保持纯友谊的关系。
adj. 理想的；柏拉图哲学的；不切实际的；纯精神友谊的
 - ideal, unreasonable, dream, perfecting

Word: rebuke
Front: rebuke
[rɪˈbju:k] (六托宝 17270/13900 -1)
Vocabulary: rebuke
(once / 557 pages)
nv
If you receive a rebuke, it means that you have been reprimanded, or scolded. You're sure to get a rebuke if you forget to do your math homework four days in a row.
The word rebuke can be a verb, meaning to sternly reprimand or scold, but it can also be a noun, because a rebuke is the result of being scolded. The root comes from the Old French rebuchier and means "to hack down," or "beat back." A rebuke, then, is meant to be critical and to chide — in today's terms, a rebuke is verbal smack-down!
WORD FAMILY
rebuke: rebuked, rebuker, rebukes, rebuking+/rebuker: rebukers
USAGE EXAMPLES
We rebuke their positions on Israel, sort of.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
The visit Thursday, and one by another cabinet minister the day before, drew rebukes from neighboring South Korea and China.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Some of them serve as warnings or rebukes.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 非难，指责; 制止，阻止; 使相形见绌; 惩戒
n. 非难，指责; 斥责，训斥
时态：rebuked, rebuking, rebukes
分布：指责(67%)，谴责(33%)
→来自盎格鲁法语 rebuker,击退，打回，来自古法语 rebuchier,来自 re-,向后，往回，buschier, 击，打，来自 busche,灌木，木条，词源同 bush.
【记】re反，buke＝beat一反打一严厉指责re反复，buke＝book：反复的用书本说教－严厉指责
[rɪ'bju:k] formal
verb transitive
■to speak angrily to someone because you disapprove of what they have said or done 斥责；指责；训斥
• I was rebuked by my manager for being late. 我因为迟到而遭到经理的训斥。
reproach, accuse, charge, rebuke, denounce, scold, condemn, blame
reproach: 侧重指因他人粗心、自私等引起不满而去指责、找岔。
accuse: 正式或非正式场合，私人或法律上均可用，被指控的情节可轻可重，常与of连用
charge: 常与accuse换用，但charge多指较严重的错误或罪行，而且往往向法庭提出正式起诉。与with连用
rebuke: 多指上级对下级进行的公开、强烈、严正而不宽容的责备。隐含一定权威的意味。
denounce: 与condemn同义，但着重公开性。
scold: 普通用词，多指上级对下级、长辈对后辈或雇主对雇员的态度粗暴、言词激烈的数落。
condemn: 正式用词，表示谴责，有较强的司法意味，侧重从道义或原则上的谴责。
blame: 普通用词，语气较弱，仅是一般的责难、归咎于，不含用语言责骂之意。
vt. 指责，非难；制止；使相形见绌
 - charge, restrain
n. 非难，指责；谴责，鞭策
 - reprehension, impugnment

Word: snob
Front: snob
[snɒb] (研六宝 17236/19513 -1)
Vocabulary: snob
(once / 1769 pages)
n
If your best friend tells you that you've become a snob, he means that you've become condescending and you like to think you're better than everyone else. Of course maybe he's a snob for looking down on your behavior — how annoying!
Snob has a funny history. It used be slang for "shoemaker," then "common person," and then came to mean "someone who doesn't have a degree from a fancy university," and then it started to mean "people who liked to pretend they have degrees and are generally fancy and look down on common people like shoemakers." Nowadays, snob isn't only for people with false pretentions. Rich people who despise less tasteful folks are snobs, too.
WORD FAMILY
snob: snobbery, snobbish, snobbism, snobby, snobs+/ snobbery: snobberies/ snobbish: snobbishly, snobbishness/snobbism: snobbisms
USAGE EXAMPLES
Here he let loose as a cosmopolitan snob.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Sensitive and perceptive as he is, he becomes, in his new moneyed condition, a snob, amused by the new deference which greets him everywhere.
The New Yorker(Dec 28, 2016)
“It was impossible to imagine what happened, even in a nightmare,” he said, according to Snob online publication.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 势利小人，势利眼; 附庸风雅之徒，假内行
分布：势利小人(90%)，自命不凡的人(10%)
→词源不详，原义为修鞋匠，补鞋匠，后约于 1796 年剑桥大学学生借用该词来指小市民，小 商人，小商贩，并最终用于文学词义指势利眼，势利小人。也有俗词源解读为在 19 世纪初， 牛津和剑桥大学在普通学生的名字前面标注拉丁语 sine nobilitate,字面意思即非贵族，来自 sine,无，没有，nobilitate,贵族，词源同 noble.更为接受的说法是，标注为该拉丁语对应的法 语 sans noblesse,非贵族。
US [snɑ:b] mainly disapproving
noun countable
■a person who respects and likes only people who are of a high social class, and/or a person who has extremely high standards who is not satisfied by the things that ordinary people like 势利小人，势利眼；爱虚荣的人
• He's a frightful snob - if you haven't been to the right school he probably won't even speak to you. 他是个十足的势利眼——如果你没上过名牌学校，他也许一句话都不跟你说。
• I'm afraid I'm a bit of a wine snob/a snob where wine is concerned. 我想我对葡萄酒有点挑剔。
n. 势利小人，势利眼；假内行
 - tuft-hunter

Word: smattering
Front: smattering
[ˈsmætərɪŋ] (宝 17275/21618)
Vocabulary: smattering
(once / 6603 pages)
n
A smattering is a small but inexact amount of something. If you know a smattering of things about Australia, then you don't know much.
A smattering is a small amount of something, but it's hard to say how much. It's probably less than a bunch, but it's not much more than a whit or a jot. If you said "There's a smattering of squirrels in the park," then there are only a few squirrels. This word also implies that you don't understand a subject very well — a smattering of knowledge is only a tiny bit of knowledge.
WORD FAMILY
smattering: smatterings+/ smatter: smattered, smattering, smatters
USAGE EXAMPLES
Government investment in the region and a smattering of eco-lodges and expedition companies are changing that.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
He's on at Houghton Hall, once Robert Walpole's showy country pad in Norfolk, now home to a smattering of contemporary exhibits and the Cholmondeley family.
BBC(Dec 26, 2016)
A smattering of possible starting quarterbacks will hit the market, whether through free agency or, in some cases, the trading block.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 略懂，浅知
v. 充内行( smatter的现在分词 )
分布：一知半解(72%)，一点点(20%)，动词smatter的现在分词形式.(8%)
→smatter,东拉西扯，闲谈，-ing,动名词后缀。
【记】不是源于smart；s死mat席子tering：死在席子上的乞丐是因为没有知识。
【反】erudite（adj 博学的）－smattering of knowledge（一知半解）
US ['smætˌ.ɚ-] noun countable usually singular
■a very small amount or number 点滴，少量
• There's only a smattering of people who oppose the proposal. 只有极少数人反对该提议。
n. 一知半解；少数；略知
 - handful, sciolism
adj. 肤浅的；些许的；点滴的
 - surface, shallow
v. 略知；肤浅地学习；粉碎（smatter的ing形式）
 - fracturing

Word: mean-spirited
Front: mean-spirited
['mi:nsp'ɪrɪtɪd] None
Back: adj. 小气的，自私的
adj. 气量小的；心胸狭窄的；卑鄙的
 - poor, base, dirty

Word: resigned
Front: resigned
[rɪˈzaɪnd] (宝 17268/15044 -2)
Back: adj. 已辞职的; 已放弃的; 顺从的; 听从的
adv. 顺从地，听从地
v. 辞职，放弃(resign的过去式); (to)使顺从
分布：顺从的(57%)，认命的(25%)，听任的(12%)，动词resign的过去式和过去分词.(6%)
→来自 resign,放弃，屈从，顺从。
【记】re反复，sign签名，ed：总是签名投降的－顺从的
adjective
■accepting that something you do not like will happen because you cannot change it 听任；顺从；不得不接受
• a resigned look/expression/tone 无可奈何的样子／神情／语气
adj. 顺从的；已辞职的；己放弃的
 - compliant, obedient

Word: christen
Front: christen
[ˈkrɪsn] (17282/13804 -1)
Back: vt. 给…洗礼; 施洗礼时命名; 开始使用
时态：christened, christening, christens
分布：为 ... 施洗礼(50%)，为 ... 命名(50%)
→来自Christ, 使傅圣油，接受洗礼。
verb transitive
GIVE NAME 给…命名
■to give a baby a name at a Christian ceremony and make him or her a member of the Christian Church 为…施洗礼；（施洗礼时）给…命名
• She's being christened in June. 她将在六月受洗礼。
• [+ noun] She was christened Maria. 她受洗时取名为玛丽亚。
■to give a person a name based on a characteristic that they have 给…起绰号（或雅号）
• We christened him 'Slowcoach' because he took so long to do anything. 我们给他起了个绰号叫“慢车”，因为他做甚么都要花很长时间。
['krɪs.ən] verb transitive
USE FIRST 首次使用 informal
■to use something for the first time 首次使用；启用
• I'm going to christen my new walking boots on Saturday. 我打算星期六开始穿我那双新的轻便靴。
vt. 为…命名；为…施洗礼
 - denominate

Word: actuator
Front: actuator
['æktʃʊeɪtə] (17084/48882)
Back: n. 激励者; [电脑]执行机构; [电]（电磁铁）螺线管; [机]促动器
分布：执行机构(76%)，制动器(14%)，传动装置(10%)
n. 执行机构； [电子] 激励者； [自] [电] [机] 促动器
 - topworks, actuating mechanism

Word: grapevine
Front: grapevine
[ˈgreɪpvaɪn] (17269/18814 -1)
Vocabulary: grapevine
(once / 8907 pages)
n
The grapevine is a word for gossip. Anything heard on the grapevine was learned by word of mouth.
In the Civil War, a grapevine telegraph was a gadget used for communicating. From there, people started talking about "the grapevine" as a source of information, especially gossip. If you heard from a friend of a friend that another friend is getting married, you heard it on the grapevine. If your cousin's cousin told you about a family scandal, you heard it on the grapevine. The grapevine is unofficial and full of hearsay: what you hear might not be accurate.
WORD FAMILY
grapevine: grapevines
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Grapevine was closed for periods in recent weeks because of heavy snowfall, and some motorists were temporarily stranded on mountain roads.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
And a grapevine that snaked up the window of my basement office.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
They replaced the Milnes’ grapevines with all new rootstock.
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. 葡萄藤; 谣传，流言; 小道消息; 消息的秘密来源
分布：葡萄藤(69%)，葡萄树(25%)，秘密信息来源(6%)
→来自18世纪初电报系统初问世时，铺设的线路杂乱无章形如葡萄藤而得名。由电报引申词义小道消息。
['greɪp.vaɪn] (also vine)
noun countable
■a type of climbing plant on which grapes grow 葡萄藤；葡萄属植物
['greɪp.vaɪn] (also vine)
noun countable
hear (sth) on/through the grapevine
■to hear news from someone who heard the news from someone else 从传闻中听说；透过道听途说获悉；听小道消息知道
• I heard on the grapevine that he was leaving - is it true? 我听到传闻说他要离开了——是真的吗？
n. 葡萄树；葡萄藤；小道消息；秘密情报网
 - vine

Word: cog
Front: cog
[kɒg] (托 17219/20326)
Vocabulary: cog
(once / 5322 pages)
1n 2v 3v
An engine needs each of its part to work. It has gears which have wheels. Each wheel has cogs, or tiny teeth that fit together, making the wheel turn, the engine run. Every cog is essential to that engine.
People can also be cogs — they are the workers who, day in and day out, perform their duties seemingly with no end in sight. Feeling disheartened, they might say, "I'm just a cog in the system." If you hear this, remind them of the true definition of the term cog — an instrumental part of the whole.
WORD FAMILY
cog: cogged, cogging, cogs
USAGE EXAMPLES
As Alabama’s machine rolls into the College Football Playoff semifinal Saturday against Washington, it will feature a curious cog in Williams.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Everyone else was just a cog in their beef-and-grain-exporting machine.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
She insists that she is just a cog in the machine.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. （用假骰子）欺骗，行贿; （大机构中的）无足轻重的成员
n. 钝齿; 雄榫
时态：cogged, cogging, cogs
分布：轮齿(35%)，雄榫(19%)，诈骗(19%)，用雄榫连接(9%)，从属地位的人或物(9%)，欺骗(9%)
→来自geu, 转，弯，大块，词源同cob, cudgel. 最终可能来自sker, 转，弯，词源同ring, curve.
US [kɑ:g] noun countable
■one of the tooth-like parts around the edge of a wheel in a machine which fits between those of a similar wheel, causing both wheels to move （齿轮的）嵌齿，轮齿
■ (also cogwheel)
■a wheel with cogs around its edge, used to turn another wheel or part in a machine 齿轮
UK [kɒg] US [kɑ:g] noun countable
a cog in a/the machine disapproving
■a member of a large organization whose job, although necessary, makes them feel as if they are not important （大机构中的）小职员；不可或缺但无足轻重的人，小人物
• I decided to set up my own business because I was tired of just being a cog in a machine. 我决定创立自己的公司，因为我厌倦了在大公司中做个微不足道的小人物。
vi. 以雄榫连接；一致，吻合；掷骰子时作弊，诈骗
 - cotton, identify, square

Word: innermost
Front: innermost
[ˈɪnəməʊst] (托 17271/18690)
Vocabulary: innermost
(once / 2815 pages)
adj
Innermost things are located as far as possible inside or closest to the middle. The innermost part of a jelly doughnut is the where you'll find the jelly.
The innermost room at your school — or the room at the very center — might be the library, and an Alaskan's innermost layer of clothing in the winter is probably her long underwear. Another way to use innermost is to mean "most intimate or private," such as your innermost beliefs, thoughts, or dreams. In Middle English, there was also an innermore.
WORD FAMILY
innermost: innermostest, innermostly+/ inner: innerer, innerest, innerly, innermost
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Oppenheim, who says he would like to write more screenplays about historic figures, advises up-and-coming screenwriters to find their innermost passions in their work.
Washington Times(Dec 07, 2016)
It is not everyone who can persuade a class of eight- and nine-year-olds to talk about their innermost feelings in front of each other.
BBC(Dec 01, 2016)
The central tower’s subsequent collapse piled up into the innermost ring.
Science Magazine(Oct 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 最深处的; 隐私的，最隐秘的
分布：最里面的(45%)，最深处(32%)，内心的(23%)
内心最深处的(inner内在的)[-most表形容词"最…的"]
US [-ɚ.moʊst] (old use or literary inmost)
adjective [before noun]
■most secret and hidden, or nearest to the centre 最靠近中心的；内心深处的
• This was the diary in which Gina recorded her innermost thoughts and secrets. 这是吉娜记载内心深处思想和秘密的那本日记。
• The spacecraft will fly through the innermost rings of Saturn. 太空船将穿越土星最内侧的光环。
adj. 内心的；最里面的，最深处的；秘密的
 - secret, underground, chamber, inside, cabinet

Word: incipient
Front: incipient
[ɪnˈsɪpiənt] (托雅宝 17230/14874)
Vocabulary: incipient
(once / 2890 pages)
adj
Incipient means something is in an early stage of existence. In its incipient form, basketball was played with a soccer ball and peach baskets for goals. Bouncy orange balls and nets came later.
Incipient comes from the Latin incipere "to begin." The related, and more commonly used, word inception means the beginning or the start. It is important to note that when something is in an incipient stage, there is a chance it will never come to completion. So be on the lookout for incipient trouble or an incipient crisis — you might be able to prevent it from happening.
WORD FAMILY
incipient: incipience, incipiency, incipiently+/incipience: incipiences/incipiency: incipiencies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Headquartered on the University of Minnesota’s west bank, Glitch helps incipient game designers create, develop and publish games.
Washington Times(Dec 12, 2016)
But Jack A. Ablin, chief investment officer for BMO Private Bank, said the Trump administration’s incipient economic goals appear to be threefold.
New York Times(Dec 09, 2016)
There were jokes about bedtimes and rambunctious boys and even one teenager who tried out her incipient wiles on Uncle Bobby.
Slate(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 开始的，初期的
分布：初期的(67%)，起初的(33%)
→in-,进入，使，-cip,拿，带，开始，词源同inception,participate.
开始的;初期的(in+cipi抓＋ent→开始抓→开始的)[cap,capt,cept,ceive,cip,cup=take,hold,seize,表示"拿,抓,握住"]
开始的[incip=begin(开始)]
【记】in进入，cip掉，ient－事情刚掉进来－刚出现的
【反】full-blown[full realized]（充分发展的）
[ɪn'sɪp.i.ənt] formal
adjective
■just beginning 刚开始的；早期的
• signs of incipient public frustration 公众中开始出现的种种失望的迹象
adj. 初期的； [生物] 初始的；起初的；发端的
 - earlier, young

Word: weekly
Front: weekly
[ˈwi:kli] (高研四六雅 3220/3186 -K3)
Back: adj. 一周一次的[地]，每周的; 周刊的
n. 周刊，周报
adv. 一星期一次，每周
分布：每周(75%)，周刊(9%)，每周的(8%)，周报(6%)，周刊的(1%)，一周一次的(1%)
每周的(week周)[-ly 1.表形容词,通常加在名词后2.表副词,通常放在形容词后]
a.每星期的,一周的ad.每周一次n.周刊,周报My weekly allowance is 50 yuan.我每月的津贴是50元.
adjective adverb
 IMPROVER
■happening once a week or every week 每周一次的（地）
• a weekly magazine/report 周刊／周报告
• a twice-weekly meeting 每周两次的会议
• The fire alarm has a weekly test/is tested weekly. 每周都要对火警系统进行检测。
['wi:.kli] noun countable
■a newspaper or magazine which is published once every week 周报，周刊
n. [图情] 周刊
 - newsweekly

Word: disparage
Front: disparage
[dɪˈspærɪdʒ] (托宝 17289/21837)
Vocabulary: disparage
(once / 1695 pages)
v
If you haven't got anything nice to say, then it's time to disparage someone. It means to belittle or degrade a person or idea.
Disparage is a specific way to describe a certain kind of insult, the kind that secures the insulter's place as superior. It often refers to an opinion or criticism lobbed in print or via word of mouth, not necessarily an act done to someone's face. If someone or something is being disparaged, you will often find a competing interest in the wings.
WORD FAMILY
disparage: disparaged, disparagement, disparager, disparages, disparaging +/ disparagement: disparagements/disparager: disparagers/ disparaging: disparagingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
You may find these are not happy prophecies, but please don’t disparage the messenger.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
It seemed as much an attempt to shock the political establishment as a way to disparage Obama.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
He got a call recently from a man who was disparaging Islam.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. 轻视; 贬低; 批评; 非难
时态：disparaged, disparaging, disparages
分布：蔑视(65%)，贬损(35%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。-par, 相等，相同，词源同part, peer. 即不在一个级别，贬低。
轻视,贬抑(dis不+par+age→不平等对待→轻视)[par=equal,表示"平等"]
【源】dis不是，parage＝passenger过路客：对于商家来说，对老主顾都特别的殷勤，而对过路客就不愿意提供良好的服务，采取一种藐视的态度。
【记】dis，par平等－不平等－贬低dis不，par＝peer贵族－不是贵族－贬低
【参】parity（n 相等；平等）
【反】champion（v 拥护）；aggrandize（v 夸大）；extol（v 赞美）；kudos（n 名望；声誉）；adulate（vt 奉承）；revere（v 尊敬）
US [-'sper-] verb transitive
■to criticize someone or something in a way that shows you do not respect or value them 贬斥，贬低
• The actor's work for charity has recently been disparaged in the press as an attempt to get publicity. 该演员为慈善事业所做的工作近来被报纸说成是想出名。
vt. 蔑视；毁谤
 - hold in scorn, contemn

Word: beef
Front: beef
[bi:f] (中高 3505/4295 -K2)
Vocabulary: beef
(once / 350 pages)
1n 2nv
Beef is meat from a cow. It's also a word for a complaint. If you have a beef with someone, you’re not sharing a steak, you have a gripe. Just don’t beef to a cow; her problems are worse.
Beef is a type of meat from cattle. If you've ever had a hamburger, you've had beef. The word beef comes from the Old French word buef, which became the word for basically, cow meat. Beef is to cow as pork is to pig or mutton is to sheep. On the other hand, if you have a beef with someone, you have a complaint. Beefing is expressing such feelings.
WORD FAMILY
beef: beefed, beefing, beefs, beeves
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Bagleys bought their first 15 elk in the late 1990s, seeking to diversify their beef and dairy business.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
They need to beef up their offensive line.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
One of the beefs with “Captain Fantastic” is that it promotes an all-or-nothing extremism that rings hollow.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 牛肉; 菜牛（饲养以供肉食的牛）; 体力; 怨言，牢骚
vi. 抱怨，大发牢骚
时态：beefed, beefing, beefs
分布：牛肉(82%)，加强(9%)，抱怨(3%)，牢骚(2%)，肌肉(2%)，告发(1%)，力气(1%)
→词源同bovine, 牛的。
n.牛肉The bee paid the fee of coffee, beef and beer for the cheerful deer.蜜蜂为欢快的鹿付了咖啡,牛肉和啤酒的费用.
noun
MEAT 肉
 ADVANCED uncountable
■the flesh of cattle (= cows) which is eaten 牛肉
• The spaghetti sauce is made with UK minced / US ground beef. 这种意粉的调味汁是用牛肉碎做成的。
• People in England often have roast beef and Yorkshire pudding for lunch on Sundays. 英国人在星期天的午餐，通常是吃烤牛肉和约克郡布丁。
• He is a beef cattle farmer. 他专门饲养菜牛。
[bi:f] noun
FORCE 力气
uncountable mainly UK informal
■strength, power or force 力量，力气
• He said that the newly published government report didn't have much beef in it. 他称新发布的政府报告没甚么力度。
• Push harder! Put some beef into it! 再用点力推！加把劲！
[bi:f] noun
COMPLAINT 抱怨
countable informal
■a complaint 抱怨
• My main beef about the job is that I have to work on Saturdays. 我对这份工作最大的不满是周六还要上班。
[bi:f] verb intransitive informal
■to complain 抱怨
• He was beefing about having to do the shopping. 他在为不得不去购物而抱怨。
[bi:f] verb intransitive informal
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] beef sth up
■to make something stronger or more important 加强，充实
• We need to find some new players to beef up the team. 我们要招纳几个新队员，加强全队的实力。
• The company has plans to beef up its production. 公司计划扩大生产。
• Your report on the new car park is fine, but why don't you beef it up a bit with some figures? 你那份关于新停车场的报告很不错，但怎么不加一些数据，让报告更充实呢？
n. [食品] 牛肉；肌肉；食用牛；牢骚
 - muscle, hotpot
vi. 抱怨，告发；发牢骚
 - repine, rail against
vt. 养；加强
 - enhance, cement, muscle

Word: aerodynamic
Front: aerodynamic
[ˌeərəʊdaɪ'næmɪk] (17229/22868)
Back: adj. 空气动力（学）的
分布：航空动力学的(50%)，空气动力的(50%)
US [ˌer.oʊ-] adjective
■relating to or using aerodynamics 空气动力学的
• aerodynamic principles 空气动力学原理
• an aerodynamic design/car 流线型设计／轿车

Word: thaw
Front: thaw
[θɔ:] (托雅宝 10385/14310 -1)
Vocabulary: thaw
(once / 1267 pages)
vn
When things thaw, they're coming out of deep freeze and warming up. You can thaw a chicken, and a chilly friendship can thaw too.
Anything that thaws is warming up after a frigid or chilly period. The weather thaws when spring hits, especially after a bad winter. When you take food out of the freezer, it thaws. When you have an unpleasant relationship with someone, that can thaw too. A warm, friendly gesture from one person to another can be a sign that their cold relationship is thawing. When you think of thawing, think "Warming up."
WORD FAMILY
thaw: dethaw, thawed, thawing, thaws, unthaw+/thawing: thawings/unthaw: unthawed, unthawing
USAGE EXAMPLES
But tough Russian economic sanctions - and Turkey's increasing frustration with its Nato allies - led to a gradual thawing over 2016.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Back in the Baltimore operating room, University of Miami researchers helped Kaushal’s nurses thaw the frozen stem cells and prepare injections.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Thaw the puff pastry for about 20 minutes.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: vi. 解冻，融雪; 变缓和; 变得不冷淡
vt. 使融化
n. 融雪; 温暖气候; 放松
时态：thawed, thawing, thaws
分布：融雪(59%)，暖和(25%)，使融解(16%)
→来自古英语 thawian,来自 Proto-Germanic*thawon,来自 ta,融化，词源同拉丁语 tabes,融化， 腐化。
【记】读：嫂，大嫂解冻了一条鱼作给我们吃。
US [θɑ:] verb
BECOME NOT FROZEN 解冻
intransitive or transitive
■to (cause to) change from a solid, frozen state to a liquid or soft one, because of an increase in temperature （使）融化；（使）解冻
• Allow the meat to thaw properly before cooking it. 烹制这些肉之前要先解冻。
• The sun came out and thawed the ice. 太阳出来了，冰雪开始融化。
• It 's beginning to thaw (= The weather is warm enough for snow and ice to melt). 冰雪开始融化了。
Compare freeze
UK [θɔ:] US [θɑ:] verb
BECOME FRIENDLY 变友好
intransitive
■to become friendlier or more relaxed 变得友好；变得放松
• The report shows that relations between the two enemies may be thawing. 报告显示敌对双方的关系可能正缓和。
UK [θɔ:] US [θɑ:] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  thaw out
■If you thaw out, you gradually get warm again after being very cold. 变得暖和起来
• I'm only just beginning to thaw out after taking the dogs out this morning. 我今天早晨出去遛狗后，身子现在才刚刚开始暖和些。
UK [θɔ:] US [θɑ:] noun only singular
FRIENDLY 友好
■an increase in friendliness （关系的）缓和，改善
• There are signs of a thaw in relations between the two countries. 两国关系有缓和的迹象。
UK [θɔ:] US [θɑ:] noun only singular
WEATHER 天气
the thaw
■a period of warmer weather when snow and ice begin to melt 融雪期；化冰期；解冻期
• The thaw has set in early this year. 今年的融雪期来得早。
vi. 融解；变暖和
 - uncongeal, get warm
n. 解冻；融雪
 - ice-out, depergelation

Word: paralyzed
Front: paralyzed
['pærəlaɪzd] (17287/-)
Vocabulary: paralyzed
(once / 1330 pages)
adj
Someone who's paralyzed can't move. Some accidents and illnesses can cause paralyzed muscles, and some emotional traumas may make you feel paralyzed to move on with your life.
A car crash can leave a driver paralyzed, while a stroke might result in a paralyzed left arm and difficulty speaking. This adjective can also describe something (other than a person's body) that's halted or frozen, like a paralyzed subway system during a hurricane. You can also be figuratively paralyzed, by fear or indecision for example: "She stood, paralyzed, in the hallway, afraid to go in."
WORD FAMILY
paralyze: paralyzed, paralyzes, paralyzing
USAGE EXAMPLES
I am terrified, as my mother became paralyzed from the waist down with neuropathy that began in the feet due to diabetes.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Three vertebrae were broken, and she was temporarily paralyzed from the waist down and in a coma for a time.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
There were also gifts for her sister, who is partly paralyzed and lives at a local nursing home.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 瘫痪的，麻痹的
v. 使瘫痪，使麻痹( paralyze的过去式和过去分词 ); 使不能正常活动
分布：瘫痪的(75%)，麻痹的(21%)，动词paralyze的过去式和过去分词.(4%)
adj. 瘫痪的；麻痹的
 - torpid
v. 使麻痹；使无力；使失去勇气（paralyze的过去分词）
 - discouraged

Word: rippling
Front: rippling
['rɪplɪŋ] (17232/20753)
Back: adj. 起涟漪的，潺潺流水般声音的
分布：涟漪(91%)，动词ripple的现在分词.(9%)
N-COUNT
波纹;涟漪;细浪
Ripples are little waves on the surface of water caused by the wind or by something moving in or on the water.
V-ERG
(使)泛起涟漪;(使)泛起细浪
When the surface of an area of water ripples or when something ripples it, a number of little waves appear on it.
例：You throw a pebble in a pool and it ripples...往池塘里扔块鹅卵石就会激起一片涟漪。
例：I could see the dawn breeze rippling the shining water.我能看见黎明的微风在波光粼粼的水面上吹出道道涟漪。
V-ERG
(植物等)如波浪起伏;（使）呈波状起伏
When the wind ripples plants or trees or when they ripple, they move in a wave-like motion.
例：A slight wind rippled the crops in the valley...一阵微风吹过，山谷里的庄稼便随风起伏。
例：The tops of the trees rippled in the breeze.树冠在微风中婆娑摇曳。
VERB
(感觉)传开，传遍
If something such as a feeling ripples over someone's body, it moves across it or through it.
例：A chill shiver rippled over his skin.他浑身打了个冷战。
N-COUNT
(事情引起的)连锁反应，涟漪作用
If an event causes ripples, its effects gradually spread, causing several other events to happen one after the other.
例：The ripples of Europe's currency crisis continue to be felt in most of the member states...欧洲货币危机引起的连锁反应仍在影响着大多数的成员国。
例：The problems of the auto industry have created economic ripples through the rest of the economy as well.汽车业的问题造成其他行业也出现了经济上的连锁反应。

Word: horny
Front: horny
[ˈhɔ:ni] (17227/21223 -1)
Vocabulary: horny
(once / 4106 pages)
1adj 2adj
Things that are horny either look like or are made of an animal’s horn or a similar hard material. The thick, hard nail on your big toe could be described as horny.
The word horny, describing the bony projection on an animal's head, appeared in English before the 10th century. An informal meaning — that of being sexually aroused — appeared later. Male physical arousal was crudely referred to as "having the horn” in the late 18th century before becoming the word horny in the mid-19th century. First used exclusively for men, the word now describes women's sexual feelings as well.
WORD FAMILY
horny: hornier, horniest, hornily, horniness+/dehorn: dehorned, dehorning/ horn: dehorn, horned, horning, hornist, hornless, hornlike, horns, horny
USAGE EXAMPLES
Never forget this powerful axiom: Patrick Ewing is never not horny.
The Guardian(Nov 15, 2016)
“Four Play” by Fred Wesley and the Horny Horns This song is funky like “The Notebook” is sad.
Salon(Nov 12, 2016)
Some had a thick, horny bill paired with powerful jaw muscles, which meant they probably cracked open and ate clams.
National Geographic(Nov 10, 2016)
Back: adj. 角质的，角状的; 坚硬的; 〈美俚〉好色的，猥亵的; 〈古〉半透明
级别：hornier, horniest
分布：角的(42%)，角状的(27%)，角质的(18%)，好色的(13%)
→来自horn的俚语义to have the horn,用于形容男人的性器官受到兴奋或刺激，后也用于形容女人性感的。比较dishy.
US ['hɔ:r-] adjective
SEXUAL 性欲的 informal
■sexually excited 欲火中烧的，性兴奋的
• She'd had a couple of drinks and was feeling horny. 她几杯酒下肚后，感觉欲火中烧。
■UK informal
■sexually attractive 性感的
• You look horny in that skirt. 你穿那条裙子很性感。
UK ['hɔ:.ni] US ['hɔ:r-] adjective
HARD 粗硬的
■made of a hard substance, like horn 由角质材料制成的
• Birds have horny beaks. 鸟类长有角质喙。
■(especially of skin) hard and rough （尤指皮肤）粗硬的
adj. 角的；角状的；淫荡的
 - cornual, immoral

Word: waistband
Front: waistband
[ˈweɪstbænd] (17189/22036)
Back: n. 腰带，束腰带
分布：腰带(92%)，束腰带(8%)
noun countable
■a strip of material that forms the waist of a pair of trousers or a skirt 腰带
• He had a gun tucked into the waistband of his trousers. 他腰带上塞了一把枪。
n. [服装] 束腰带，腰带
 - hip girdle, waist belt

Word: capricious
Front: capricious
[kəˈprɪʃəs] (托宝 17285/18863)
Vocabulary: capricious
(once / 1316 pages)
adj
Capricious is an adjective to describe a person or thing that's impulsive and unpredictable, like a bride who suddenly leaves her groom standing at the wedding altar.
You can criticize a fickle-minded person as capricious, but it could just as well describe quickly changing weather, as in "capricious spring storms." It's the adjective form of the noun caprice, which means a sudden change of mood. Caprice might come from capra, the Italian word for "goat" (because goats are frisky), or from capo, "head" + riccio, "hedgehog." Why bring hedgehogs into it? If you have a "hedgehog head," you are so scared that your hair is standing straight on end. A scared person makes sudden starts this way and that, just as a capricious person does.
WORD FAMILY
capricious: capriciously, capriciousness+/ caprice: caprices, capricious
USAGE EXAMPLES
With an increasingly bellicose Russia on its doorstep and a capricious ally in U.S.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Otherwise, the move would also likely be struck down in court as “arbitrary and capricious,” he argued.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Reports are that it’s a capricious process, and no one is sure if there is even a cursory vetting of the choices.
Salon(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: adj. 变化无常的; 反复无常的; 多变的; 任性的
分布：任性的(67%)，变化无常的(33%)
→来自caprice.
【反】resolute（adj 坚决的）；steadfast（adj 坚定的）；constant（adj 不变的）；pertinacious（adj 固执的）
[kə'prɪʃ.əs] literary
adjective
■changing mood or behaviour suddenly and unexpectedly 反覆无常的
• a capricious child 任性的小孩
• He was a cruel and capricious tyrant. 他是个残忍而又反覆无常的暴君。
adj. 反复无常的；任性的
 - moonish, wayward

Word: shaping
Front: shaping
['ʃeɪpɪŋ] (17247/15119)
Back: n. & adj. 修整（的）
v. 计划( shape的现在分词 ); 使（服装）合身; 表现; 使适合
分布：成形(54%)，塑造(45%)，动词shape的现在分词.(1%)
N-COUNT
形状;外形;轮廓;样子
The shape of an object, a person, or an area is the appearance of their outside edges or surfaces, for example whether they are round, square, curved, or fat.
例：Each mirror is made to order and can be designed to almost any shape or size.每面镜子都是定制的，几乎可以设计成任何形状和尺寸。
例：...little pens in the shape of baseball bats...棒球棒形状的小钢笔
N-COUNT
模糊的影子;蒙的轮廓
You can refer to something that you can see as a shape if you cannot see it clearly, or if its outline is the clearest or most striking aspect of it.
例：The great grey shape of a tank rolled out of the village...一个坦克的巨大灰影从村子里开了出来。
例：Lying in bed we often see dark shapes of herons silhouetted against the moon.躺在床上,我们常看到月光映衬下鹭的黑色身影。
N-COUNT
形状;图形
A shape is a space enclosed by an outline, for example a circle, a square, or a triangle.
例：...if you imagine a sort of a kidney shape...如果你想象出一种类似肾脏的形状
例：He suggested that the shapes represented a map of Britain and Ireland.他暗示这些图形象征了英国和爱尔兰的地图。
N-SING
(计划或组织的)框架，结构，特点，形式
The shape of something that is planned or organized is its structure and character.
例：The last two weeks have seen a lot of talk about the future shape of Europe...在过去的两周里有很多关于欧洲未来格局的讨论。
例：Ultimately, we can change the shape of people's lives.最终，我们可以改变人们的生活状况。
VERB
决定…的形成;影响…的发展
Someone or something that shapes a situation or an activity has a very great influence on the way it develops.
例：Christian Democratic leaders are meeting to discuss their role in shaping the future of Europe...基督教民主党的领袖们正在会晤讨论他们在影响欧洲未来格局的过程中将要扮演的角色。
例：Like it or not, our families shape our lives and make us what we are.无论喜欢与否，家庭影响了我们的生活，决定了我们成为什么样的人。
VERB
使成为…形状;塑造
If you shape an object, you give it a particular shape, using your hands or a tool.
例：Cut the dough in half and shape each half into a loaf.将生面团一切为二，再分别揉成长条形。
例：...machinery for shaping the plutonium core of nuclear weapons.制造核武器钚核心的机器
PHRASE
开端;先河;未来发展模式
If you say that something is the shape of things to come, you mean that it is the start of a new trend or development, and in future things will be like this.
例：British Rail says its new Liverpool Street station is the shape of things to come.英国铁路公司声称最新的利物浦街道车站是未来的发展方向。
PHRASE
以任何形式;无论如何
If you say, for example, that you will not accept something in any shape or form, or in any way, shape or form, you are emphasizing that you will not accept it in any circumstances.
例：I don't condone violence in any shape or form...我不能容忍任何形式的暴力。
例：There is absolutely no reason for consumers to be panicking in any way, shape or form.顾客们绝对没有理由产生任何形式的恐慌。
PHRASE
(身体)状况良好/状况不佳;(事物)情况良好/情况糟糕
If someone or something is in shape, or in good shape, they are in a good state of health or in a good condition. If they are in bad shape, they are in a bad state of health or in a bad condition.
例：...the Fatburner Diet Book, a comprehensive guide to getting in shape...《燃脂塑型饮食指南》，保持身体健康的综合性指南
例：He was still in better shape than many young men...他仍然比很多年轻人都要健康。
PHRASE
(精确说明所指)以…的形式,也就是
You can use in the shape of to state exactly who or what you are referring to, immediately after referring to them in a general way.
例：The Prime Minister found a surprise ally today in the shape of Jacques Delors, the Commission President...首相今天发现了一个令他意外的盟友，即欧洲委员会主席雅克·德洛尔。
例：What industry needed now was a little hope in the shape of an interest-rate cut.工业目前只希望可以削减利率。
PHRASE
把…训练好;使…符合要求
If you lick ,knock, or whip someone or something into shape, you use whatever methods are necessary to change or improve them so that they are in the condition that you want them to be in.
例：You'll have four months in which to lick the recruits into shape...你将有4个月的时间把这些新兵训练出来。
例：Few people doubt his ability to whip the economy into shape.几乎无人怀疑他整顿经济的能力。
PHRASE
(因受损、处理不当等)变形的，走样的
If something is out of shape, it is no longer in its proper or original shape, for example because it has been damaged or wrongly handled.
例：Once most wires are bent out of shape, they don't return to the original position.大多数金属丝一旦弯曲变形就无法恢复原状。
PHRASE
身体不好的;不健康的
If you are out of shape, you are unhealthy and unable to do a lot of physical activity without getting tired.
PHRASE
(人、事物)形形色色，各种各样
If you say that things or people of a certain type come in all shapes and sizes, you mean that there are a large number of them, and that they are often very different from each other.
例：Colleges and universities come in all shapes and sizes.学院和大学林林总总，一应俱全。
PHRASE
逐渐成形;初具雏形
When something takes shape, it develops or starts to appear in such a way that it becomes fairly clear what its final form will be.
例：In 1912 women's events were added, and the modern Olympic programme began to take shape.1912 年增加了女子比赛项目，现代奥林匹克运动会开始初具雏形。
n. 塑造； [机] 成形
 - figuration
adj. 塑造的； [机] 成形的
 - formed, fictile
v. 塑造（shape的ing形式）；（使） [机] 成形
 - moulding

Word: nude
Front: nude
[nju:d] (宝 7575/12124 -1)
Vocabulary: nude
(once / 975 pages)
adjn
Someone who's nude isn't wearing any clothes. In modern society, we're generally nude in the shower but fully dressed when we go to work.
Whether you say you're "in your birthday suit," "au naturel," or "unclothed" — when you're nude, you're naked. You might find the word in the phrase "in the nude," which also simply means nude, or describing a work of art as "a nude," or a painting or sculpture of a nude person. In the 1500s, nude was a legal term meaning "unsupported," from the Latin nudus, "bare." The "naked" definition didn't became popular until the nineteenth century.
WORD FAMILY
nude: denude, nudely, nudeness, nuder, nudes, nudism, nudity, seminude+/denudate: denudated, denudating/denudation: denudations/ denude: denudate, denudation, denuded, denudes, denuding/nudism: nudist/nudist: nudists/nudity: nudities
USAGE EXAMPLES
A fully nude man is in line ahead of us for coat check.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Perched high on Mr. Pettibon’s studio wall, along with various small, kitschy canvases, were a handful of his father’s paintings of nudes.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
“I felt they were in good taste. I thought nudes were lovely.”
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 裸体的; 无装饰的; [法]无效的，无偿的
n. 裸体; 裸体像
级别：nuder, nudest
分布：与生俱有的(50%)，无装饰的(50%)
→来自拉丁语nudus,裸体的，未穿衣服的，来自nogw,裸体的，词源同naked,gymnasium.
US [nu:d] adjective
■not wearing any clothes; naked 一丝不挂的；裸体的
• She once posed nude for a magazine. 她曾为一本杂志拍过裸照。
• Nude sunbathing is only allowed on certain beaches. 只有在某些海滩上才允许晒裸体日光浴。
■being the colour of skin 肉色的
• nude lipstick 肉色唇膏
UK [nju:d] US [nu:d] noun countable
■a picture or other piece of art showing a person who is not wearing any clothes 裸体画；裸体艺术作品
• The exhibition includes several superb nudes. 展览上有几件上乘的裸体艺术作品。
in the nude
■not wearing any clothes 一丝不挂地；裸体地
• The children were running around the garden in the nude. 孩子们甚么也没穿，在花园里到处跑。
adj. 裸的，裸体的；无装饰的；与生俱有的
 - naked, austere
n. 裸体；裸体画
 - birthday suit, altogether

Word: enforced
Front: enforced
[ɪnˈfɔ:st] (17291/11095)
Vocabulary: enforced
(once / 668 pages)
adj
Things that are enforced are required — someone makes you do them. The enforced rules at your school are the ones that the teachers make sure all students stick to and follow.
One way to remember that enforced means "required" or "compelled" is to think of rules being "in force." It's almost always laws, rules, or standards that are enforced — enforced parking regulations, for example, are rules that will earn you a ticket if you don't follow them. The adjective enforced comes from the verb enforce, which originally meant "strive or attempt," and later "compel" or "exert force." The Old French root is enforcier, "strengthen," and also "oppress."
WORD FAMILY
enforced: enforcedly, unenforced+/ enforce: enforceable, enforced, enforcement, enforcer, enforces, enforcing, reenforce/enforceable: unenforceable/ enforcement: enforcements/enforcer: enforcers/ force: enforce, forced, forceful, forceless, forces, forcible, forcing/forced: forcedly, unforced/ forceful: forcefully, forcefulness, unforceful/forcible: forciblest, forcibly/reenforce: reenforced, reenforcement, reenforces, reenforcing/reenforcement: reenforcements/unforced: unforcedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
But the success of the new policy depends on how strictly it is enforced.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The warrior samurai enforced their lords' reign over the peasantry by extending punishments to transgressors' families.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
The success of the new policy depends on how strictly it is enforced.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 强迫的
v. 实施( enforce的过去式和过去分词 ); 执行; 强迫; 强制执行
分布：强制的(88%)，动词enforce的过去式和过去分词.(12%)
VERB
强行实施，强制执行（法律、规定等）
If people in authority enforce a law or a rule, they make sure that it is obeyed, usually by punishing people who do not obey it.
例：Until now, the government has only enforced the ban with regard to American ships...到目前为止，政府仅仅对美国船只实施了禁令。
例：The measures are being enforced by Interior Ministry troops.这些措施正由内政部部队实施。
VERB
强行实施；强加；迫使
To enforce something means to force or cause it to be done or to happen.
例：They struggled to limit the cost by enforcing a low-tech specification...他们通过实施低技术规格拼命限制成本。
例：David is now living in Beirut again after an enforced absence.戴维在被迫离开后，现在又回到了贝鲁特生活。
adj. 实施的；强制执行的
 - implementary
v. 执行（enforce的过去分词）
 - performed, implemented

Word: sharpness
Front: sharpness
[ʃɑ:pnəs] (17280/14399)
Back: n. 锐利; 明锐度
分布：锐利(67%)，严厉(17%)，机智(8%)，敏捷(8%)
ADJ-GRADED
锋利的;锐利的
A sharp point or edge is very thin and can cut through things very easily. A sharp knife, tool, or other object has a point or edge of this kind.
例：The other end of the twig is sharpened into a sharp point to use as a toothpick...细枝的另一端被削尖用作牙签。
例：Using a sharp knife, cut away the pith and peel from both fruits...用一把锋利的刀削去两种水果的外皮和中果皮。
ADJ-GRADED
尖的;有尖角的
You can describe a shape or an object as sharp if part of it or one end of it comes to a point or forms an angle.
例：His nose was thin and sharp.他的鼻子又细又尖。
例：...black sharp-toed cowboy boots.黑色尖头牛仔靴
ADJ-GRADED
突然转向的;急转弯的
A sharp bend or turn is one that changes direction suddenly.
例：I was approaching a fairly sharp bend that swept downhill to the left.我正驶向下坡路上一个突然向左的急转弯。
ADJ-GRADED
(人)敏锐的，灵敏的，敏捷的，机灵的
If you describe someone as sharp, you are praising them because they are quick to notice, hear, understand, or react to things.
例：He is very sharp, a quick thinker and swift with repartee...他非常机敏，反应很快，并且能说会道。
例：Gates is known to be a superb analyst with a sharp eye and an excellent memory.盖茨是公认的杰出分析家，他目光敏锐且记忆力超群。
ADJ-GRADED
(言辞)激烈的，尖锐的，尖刻的，严厉的
If someone says something in a sharp way, they say it suddenly and rather firmly or angrily, for example because they are warning or criticizing you.
例：'Don't contradict your mother,' was Charles's sharp reprimand...“不要和你妈妈顶嘴，”查尔斯严厉地斥责道。
例：That ruling had drawn sharp criticism from civil rights groups.那项判决已遭到了民权组织的严厉批评。
ADJ-GRADED
(变化、动作、感情等)急剧的，骤然的，大幅度的，强烈的
A sharp change, movement, or feeling occurs suddenly, and is great in amount, force, or degree.
例：There's been a sharp rise in the rate of inflation...通货膨胀率已大幅上升。
例：Tennis requires a lot of short sharp movements...打网球需要做大量快速而剧烈的动作。
ADJ-GRADED
(差异)明显的，鲜明的;(图像、声音等)清晰的
A sharp difference, image, or sound is very easy to see, hear, or distinguish.
例：Many people make a sharp distinction between humans and other animals...很多人认为人类和其他动物截然不同。
例：Her reticence was in sharp contrast to the glamour and star status of her predecessors...她的寡言少语和前任们的光鲜亮丽、明星范儿十足形成了鲜明的对比。
ADJ-GRADED
(味道或气味)强烈的，苦的，冲的
A sharp taste or smell is rather strong or bitter, but is often also clear and fresh.
例：...a colourless, almost odourless liquid with a sharp, sweetish taste...一种几乎无气味的无色液体,尝起来微甜，味道很冲
例：In the hot sun the rain-washed herbs smelled sharp and spicy and sweet all at once.烈日下，被雨水冲刷过的香草闻起来既冲又香气扑鼻。
ADJ-GRADED
(天气等)严寒的;(风)凛冽的
A sharp wind, or sharp cold, is so strong or intense that it almost hurts you when you are exposed to it.
例：The wind was not as sharp and cruel as it had been.风不像刚才那么凛冽和凶猛了。
ADJ-GRADED
(衣服)整洁的，优雅的，时髦的
Sharp clothes are neat, elegant, and fashionable.
例：Now politics is all about the right haircut and a sharp suit...现在政界讲究的无非是合适的发型和时髦的衣着。
例：A sharp dresser, Wyatt is never seen in casual clothes.怀亚特衣着入时，从未有人见过他穿便装。
ADV
(…点)整;准时地
Sharp is used after stating a particular time to show that something happens at exactly the time stated.
例：She planned to unlock the store at 8.00 sharp this morning.她打算今天早上 8 点整准时开门营业。
N-COUNT
(用于音符后)升半音的(常用＃符号表示)
Sharp is used after a letter representing a musical note to show that the note should be played or sung half a tone higher. Sharp is often represented by the symbol #.
例：A solitary viola plucks a lonely, soft F sharp.一把中提琴独自奏出了一个寂寞柔和的升F 调。
PHRASE
(活动或工作中)最困难的部分，最危险的部分
If you say that someone is at the sharp end of a particular activity or type of work, you mean that they are involved in the most difficult or dangerous aspects of it.
例：Vincent French is a real estate broker at the sharp end of a tough and exacting business...文森特·弗伦奇在房地产这个艰难行业做了最吃苦受累的不动产经纪人。
例：Working at the sharp end, many of us have noted an increase in the number of patients attending surgeries.从事一线工作，我们很多人已经注意到来做手术的病人越来越多。
n. 锐利； [摄] 清晰度；疾速；严厉
 - definition, trenchancy

Word: politicization
Front: politicization
[pə,litisai'zeiʃən, -si'z-] (17407/34038)
Back: n. 政治化
分布：使 ... 政治化(100%)
VERB
使政治化；使具有政治性；使关心（或参与）政治
If you politicize someone or something, you make them more interested in politics or more involved with politics.
例：...ideas which might politicize the labouring classes and cause them to question the status quo...可能唤醒工人阶级的政治意识、并促使他们质疑现状的思想
例：Some feminists had attempted to politicize personal life.一些女权主义者尝试过将个人生活政治化。

Word: well-worn
Front: well-worn
['welw'ɔ:n] None
Back: adj. 用旧了的，陈腐的，平凡的
分布：用旧了的(46%)，陈腐的(36%)，平凡的(18%)
US [-'wɔ:rn] adjective
■describes clothes that have been worn often and are becoming old （衣服）穿旧了的
• a well-worn sports jacket 穿旧了的运动衫
■used very often or too often 经常使用的；陈腐的
• Ecology can be written about without relying on well-worn examples such as tropical rain forests. 可以不用热带雨林等老生常谈的例子来讲述生态学。
adj. 用旧了的；老生常谈的；平凡的
 - ordinary, stock

Word: musing
Front: musing
[ˈmju:zɪŋ] (17324/33568)
Vocabulary: musing
(once / 779 pages)
adjn
Use the adjective musing to describe something that's reflective or thoughtful, like your musing diary entry or a clown's sad, musing facial expression.
When you ponder or contemplate, you muse, and anything that appears this way can be described as musing. You might love your English teacher's musing responses to students' questions or grow bored by a French film's slow, musing quality. You can also use the word as a noun meaning "period of reflection," although it's most often written as the plural musings: "This book is nothing but the author's musings about his cat."
WORD FAMILY
musing: musingly, musings+/ muse: mused, muser, muses, musing /muser: musers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Amid the thunderous crowd, he fell to musing.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Even the diary bits are not very revealing, being the moody musings, including poetry, of a young woman on the cusp of 20 years old.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
For more musings on all things home design and lifestyle follow me on Twitter @ThsAmericanHome.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: adj. 沉思的，冥想的
v. 沉思，冥想( muse的现在分词 ); 沉思自语说（某事）
分布：沉思(53%)，沉思的(24%)，冥想(13%)，动词muse的现在分词形式.(5%)，冥想的(5%)
→来自muse,沉思，冥想。
VERB
沉思;冥想;若有所思地说(或写)
If you muse on something, you think about it, usually saying or writing what you are thinking at the same time.
例：Many of the papers muse on the fate of the President...很多报纸都在揣测总统的命运。
例：'As a whole,' she muses, 'the 'organized church' turns me off'...她沉思道：“总的来说，我不喜欢‘制度森严的教会’。”
N-COUNT
(给画家、诗人或音乐家带来灵感的)女神，创作女神
A muse is a person, usually a woman, who gives someone, usually a man, a desire to create art, poetry, or music, and gives them ideas for it.
例：Once she was a nude model and muse to French artist Henri Matisse.她曾是法国画家亨利·马蒂斯的人体模特和灵感女神。
例：...the muses who fuel his inspiration.给他以灵感的人们
adj. 沉思的；瞑想的
 - reflecting, museful
v. 沉思；凝望（muse的ing形式）
 - pondering, poring

Word: world-famous
Front: world-famous
[wɜ:ld 'feɪməs] (-1)
Back: adj. 举世闻名的
分布：世界闻名的(100%)
US [ˌwɝ:ld-] adjective
■known about by many people from most parts of the world 世界闻名的；举世闻名的
• a world-famous actress/hotel 世界闻名的女演员／饭店

Word: melodramatic
Front: melodramatic
[ˌmelədrəˈmætɪk] (17301/18770 -1)
Vocabulary: melodramatic
(once / 3957 pages)
adj
If you're writhing on the floor, howling in pain over the splinter in your finger, you're being a tad melodramatic, that is, exaggerated, affected, or histrionic.
This term was first used in early-19th-century theater, as the adjective form of the noun melodrama, which is a performance piece featuring exaggerated characters with emotional appeal. Outside the theater, melodramatic behavior is also characterized by a kind of performance or exaggeration of emotions, but it's very rarely appreciated or awarded extra points for artistic merit. The common phrase "Quit being so melodramatic!" is a terse way of pointing out to someone that they are overreacting.
WORD FAMILY
melodramatic: melodramatically+/ melodrama: melodramas, melodramatic
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is characterized by an insistent lack of naturalism, its almost lurid color and its melodramatic theme.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
This novel about a 19th-century whaling expedition is as gory as Sondheim’s “Sweeney Todd,” as darkly melodramatic as a classic Jacobean drama.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Those sentiments felt a tad melodramatic back when I wrote them, but they don’t read as histrionics to me now.
The Guardian(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 戏剧性的; 感情夸张的，伤感的; 耸人听闻的
分布：戏剧似的(51%)，通俗剧风格的(33%)，感情夸张的(16%)
→来自melodrama,情节剧。引申词义戏剧般的，夸张的。比较dramatic,drastic.
US [-'mætˌ-] adjective
■showing much stronger emotions than are necessary or usual for a situation 感情夸张的；戏剧性的
• a melodramatic speech 感情夸张的演说
adj. 夸张的；情节剧的；戏剧似的
 - exaggerative, turgescent

Word: sapphire
Front: sapphire
[ˈsæfaɪə(r)] (托宝 17213/16599 -1)
Vocabulary: sapphire
(once / 2045 pages)
nadj
If your grandmother gives you her sapphire ring, it will probably have a translucent blue stone on it, though you may end up with a rare yellow or red sapphire.
This blue gemstone is commonly known as the birthstone for those born in September. The word sapphire has been kicking around English for more than 700 years and enjoyed at least two dozen spellings before settling on the current, counterintuitive one. The Greek origin, sappheiros, means "blue stone," although it probably refers not to the sapphire but to another blue stone, the lapis lazuli.
WORD FAMILY
sapphire: sapphires
USAGE EXAMPLES
In 1968, he fashioned an 8-karat-gold cue for Dean Martin, which included four diamonds, an emerald, a sapphire and a ruby.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 08, 2016)
This year’s royals, named Friday night, are Sapphire Andersen, a senior from Aurora, and Nick Rieschl, a senior from Omaha.
Washington Times(Nov 05, 2016)
Sapphire Scott, 19, an African-American, stood out among the largely white crowd.
New York Times(Oct 26, 2016)
Back: n. 蓝宝石; 蔚蓝色
adj. 蔚蓝色的
分布：蓝宝石(87%)，蓝宝石的(9%)，深蓝色(2%)，深蓝色的(2%)
→来自拉丁语 sapphirus,来自希腊语 sappheiros,来自希伯来语 sappir,蓝宝石。
【记】sap（n 树液），p，hire雇佣：雇佣人把树液中加入蓝色素－蓝宝石
US [-aɪr] noun
countable or uncountable
■a transparent, usually bright blue, precious stone 蓝宝石
• a sapphire ring/bracelet 蓝宝石戒指／手镯
uncountable (sapphire blue)
■bright blue 宝石蓝色（的），天蓝色（的）
UK ['sæf.aɪər] US [-aɪr] adjective (sapphire blue)
■bright blue 宝石蓝色（的），天蓝色（的）
n. [宝] 蓝宝石；青玉；天蓝色
 - ciel, cerulean blue
adj. 天蓝色的
 - sky-blue, skyey

Word: Ponce

Word: snappy
Front: snappy
[ˈsnæpi] (宝 17299/19871 -1)
Back: adj. 精力充沛的; 敏捷的; 漂亮的，时髦的; 爽快的
级别：snappier, snappiest
分布：时髦的(46%)，敏捷的(22%)，精力充沛的(18%)，干脆的(7%)，严寒的(7%)
→snap,咬，抓，-y,形容词后缀。比喻用法。
adjective
STYLISH 时尚 informal approving
■(especially of a man's clothes or of his appearance) modern and stylish （尤指男子穿着或相貌）时髦的，漂亮的
• He's a snappy dresser. 他是个穿着时髦的人。
• That's a very snappy new suit you've got, Peter. 你那套新衣服真是漂亮，彼得。
['snæp.i] adjective
EFFECTIVE 有效的 approving
■immediately effective in getting people's attention or communicating an idea 活泼明快的，短小易记的
• The magazine will be launched in September with a snappy new design. 这本杂志将于九月以活泼明快的崭新设计样式发行。
• They're looking for a snappy slogan to communicate the campaign's message. 他们在寻找一句简明扼要的口号来传达活动的要旨。
['snæp.i] adjective
make it snappy informal
■used to tell someone that you want them to do something immediately and to do it quickly 快点做
• I'd like my bill please, waiter, and make it snappy. 服务员，请帮我结账，快点。
adj. 厉声说话的；生气勃勃的；时髦的；爽快的
 - modern, fashionable, lively, in, tony

Word: undaunted
Front: undaunted
[ˌʌnˈdɔ:ntɪd] (托 17313/18701)
Vocabulary: undaunted
(once / 1988 pages)
adj
If you're undaunted, you're not afraid or intimidated. As a great surfer, you remain undaunted as you seek out dangerous waters to ride the biggest waves.
The adjective undaunted was first used in the mid-15th century to describe horses that were "untamed, not broken in." These horses must have seemed wildly fearless and intrepid even in the most difficult situations. Similarly, an undaunted person remains courageous and bold when facing fear, difficulty, and danger. Paramedics and firemen are undaunted when faced with a burning building. You must remain undaunted when facing your terrifying calculus homework.
WORD FAMILY
undaunted: undauntedest, undauntedly+/ daunt: daunted, daunting, daunts/daunted: dauntedly, undaunted / daunting: dauntingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Shaken but undaunted, they trickled back to the city’s beloved Christmas markets, most of which reopened Wednesday afternoon.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Berliners, shaken but undaunted, returned to their city’s Christmas markets.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Undaunted, she returned to the lemon tree the next day.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 顽强的，不惧怕的，无畏的
分布：无畏的(77%)，不屈不挠的(23%)
【记】un不，daunt（v 威吓），ed：勇敢的
【反】cowed（adj 害怕的）
US [-'dɑ:n.tˌɪd] adjective [after verb]
■still determined and enthusiastic, despite problems or no success 顽强的，百折不挠的
• Undaunted by the cold and the rain, people danced until 2 a.m. 人们不顾寒冷和下雨，坚持跳舞跳到了凌晨两点。
• The team remain undaunted, despite three defeats in a row. 尽管已遭三连败，球队仍然斗志昂扬。
adj. 勇敢的，无畏的
 - game, brave

Word: hotbed
Front: hotbed
[ˈhɒtbed] (17295/32677)
Back: n. （坏事、暴力等的）温床
分布：温床(100%)
→比喻用法。
【记】hot热，bed床：温床原指有草覆盖的土层，通过发酵肥料或加热，用于种子的发芽或保护植物幼苗
US ['hɑ:t-] noun
a hotbed of sth
■a place or situation where a lot of a particular activity, especially an unwanted or unpleasant activity, is happening or might happen （不良行为活动的）温床
• The police department was a hotbed of corruption. 警界曾是腐败的温床。
• In the 60's the city was a hotbed of crime. 20世纪60年代，这个城市是一个犯罪的温床。
n. 滋长地，温床
 - soil, nest

Word: stampede
Front: stampede
[stæmˈpi:d] (17310/21887 -1)
Vocabulary: stampede
(once / 1861 pages)
nv
Do you see hundreds of cattle thundering toward you? Then stop reading and get out of there! A stampede is coming.
Stampede is a word for animal behavior that fits people sometimes too. During the holidays, desperate parents might stampede the mall, especially the toy stores. Fans of a popular movie might stampede to get tickets. A stampede of teen girls can usually be found chasing the latest boy bands. Stampede can be a noun or a verb, but either way, look out!
WORD FAMILY
stampede: stampeded, stampedes, stampeding
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Somebody yelled ‘gun!’ and youths stampeded through the mall,” Deputy Chief Terry Landrum told The Commercial Appeal.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
PRO Rugby’s first season was contested by five teams and won by the Denver Stampede.
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
It was, he said, “like watching a stampede of zebras.”
The New Yorker(Aug 15, 2016)
Back: n. 惊逃; 人群的蜂拥; 军队溃败
vt. 使（动物）惊逃; 使（人群）涌向
vi. 逃窜; 涌向
时态：stampeded, stampeding, stampedes
分布：蜂拥(55%)，惊逃(17%)，冲动行事(16%)，惊跑(12%)
→来自西班牙语 estampida,奔跑，奔逃，词源同 stamp,猛踩，跺脚，-ida,名词后缀。引申诸相 关词义。
noun countable
■when many large animals or many people suddenly all move quickly and in an uncontrolled way, usually in the same direction at the same time, especially because of fear （尤指兽群或人群因恐惧引发的）狂奔；奔逃，蜂拥
• Two shoppers were injured in the stampede as shop doors opened on the first day of the sale. 大特价的第一天商店开门时，人们蜂拥而入，导致两名顾客受伤。
[stæm'pi:d] verb intransitive or transitive
■when animals or people stampede, they all move quickly in the same direction, often because they are frightened 惊逃；逃窜（人或动物向同一个方面快速移动，常常是受惊吓所致）
• A loud clap of thunder made the herd stampede. 一声响雷使牛群受惊狂奔起来。
• figurative No amount of pressure will stampede (= force) this committee into making hasty decisions. 再大的压力也无法迫使该委员会草率作出决定。

Word: pacifist
Front: pacifist
[ˈpæsɪfɪst] (宝 17281/12891 -1)
Vocabulary: pacifist
(once / 4965 pages)
nadj
A person who opposes the use of war or violence to settle a dispute is called a pacifist. If you are a pacifist, you talk through your differences with others instead of fighting.
A pacifist is a peacemaker — even its Latin origins of pax, or "peace" and facere, "to make" show it. If you are a pacifist, you avoid physical confrontations. The beliefs and actions of peacemakers can also be described as pacifist, as in someone whose pacifist beliefs lead him to take part in nonviolent protests against a war.
WORD FAMILY
pacifist: pacifists+/ pacifism: pacifisms, pacifist, pacifistic/pacifistic: pacifistically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Rather, this is the extraordinary tale of an extraordinary man who refused to budge from his pacifist beliefs, while also desiring to serve his country.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
It began an investigation of the progressive, pacifist archbishop.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
There were also growing calls for the deployment of more police on the streets with military-style weapons — an unusual move in pacifist Germany.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 和平主义者，反战主义者; 绥靖主义者; 持消极态度者
adj. 非战主义的
分布：和平主义者(66%)，反战(13%)，非战主义的(13%)，反对武力(8%)
→来自pacify,平息，安抚，使平和，-ist,人。
noun countable
■someone who believes in pacifism 反战主义者，和平主义者；绥靖主义者
• The pacifist movement is gaining increasing support among young people. 和平主义运动正获得越来越多年轻人的支持。

Word: exhortation
Front: exhortation
[ˌeɡzɔ:'teɪʃn] (17272/14140)
Vocabulary: exhortation
(once / 1373 pages)
n
When you were little, heading out the door on a freezing cold day, your mom probably made an exhortation to put on your hat and zip your coat up all the way. An exhortation is a loud or enthusiastic urging.
Use an exhortation any time you really want to encourage someone to do something. It's a way of communicating that's persuasive and powerful — an exhortation might come from a government in the form of a speech encouraging people to get flu shots, or it might be a teacher urging his students to sit quietly. Whether it comes in the form of a warning or encouragement, an exhortation strongly advises people to take some particular action.
WORD FAMILY
exhortation: exhortations+/ exhort: exhortation, exhortative, exhortatory, exhorted, exhorting, exhorts
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Michael’s black support was never an exploitative exhortation.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
The pitch wrapped up with a religious exhortation: “Thank you for considering a partnership with us as we sow into His Kingdom.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 11, 2016)
As the conference concluded, Mr. Spencer shouted “Hail our people!” and “Hail victory!” — the English translation of the Nazi exhortation “Sieg heil!”
New York Times(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: n. 敦促; 极力推荐; （正式的）演讲; （宗教仪式中的）劝诫
分布：劝告(56%)，讲道词(22%)，训词(22%)
VERB
规劝;劝诫;劝告
If you exhort someone to do something, you try hard to persuade or encourage them to do it.
例：Kennedy exhorted his listeners to turn away from violence...肯尼迪劝诫听众远离暴力。
例：He exhorted his companions, 'Try to accomplish your aim with diligence'.他劝诫同伴说：“要通过勤奋努力实现自己的目标。”
n. 讲道词，训词；劝告
 - advice, expostulation

Word: needlessly
Front: needlessly
['ni:dləslɪ] (17321/20306)
Back: adv. 不需要地，不必要地
分布：毫无必要地(100%)
adverb
■in a way that is not necessary 不必要地
• She'd worried quite needlessly about whether there would be enough food. 她为食物是不是够吃白白担心了一回。
adv. 不必要地；无用地
 - unnecessarily, uselessly

Word: tunnel
Front: tunnel
[ˈtʌnl] (研四六托雅 3355/2770 -K3)
Back: n. 隧道; 地道; 烟道; （动物栖息的）穴
vi. 打通隧道; 挖掘隧道
vt. 在…挖掘隧道; 在…打开通道
时态：tunnelled, tunnelling, tunnels
分布：隧道(87%)，地道(8%)，挖隧道(2%)，洞穴(2%)，挖地道(1%)
→来自古法语 tonel,小桶，来自 tonne,木桶，水桶，词源同 tun.原指一种漏斗形的捕鸟网或烟囱， 后引申词义地道，隧道等。
隧道(tunn管道+el)[-el表名词"人或物"]
n.隧道,山洞The hungry drunk plunged a trunk of lungs into the tunnel under the channel.饥饿的醉汉把一大箱肺投进了水渠下面的隧道.
noun countable
 IMPROVER
■a long passage under or through the ground, especially one made by people 隧道；地道；坑道
• The train went into the tunnel. 火车驶入隧道。
['tʌn.əl] verb intransitive or transitive (-ll- or US USUALLY -l-)
■to dig a tunnel 开凿隧道；挖地道
• The decision has not yet been made whether to tunnel under the river or build a bridge over it. 还没有决定是在河底挖掘隧道还是在河上建桥。
• The alternative is to tunnel a route through the mountain. 另一个办法是挖一条穿山隧道。
• He was trapped in a collapsed building but managed to tunnel his way out. 他被困在倒塌的楼房下，但他想办法挖地道出来了。
n. [交] 隧道；坑道；洞穴通道
 - tube, cuniculus
vt. 挖；在…打开通道；在…挖掘隧道
 - dig

Word: rev
Vocabulary: rev
(once / 184 pages)
nv
Rev your engine at a stoplight if you want to race the car next to you. On second thought, don’t — to rev is to crank the engine without going anywhere. Also, a rev is one complete rotation of a motor.
Rev, as a verb or a noun, is a shortened form of revolution. As a noun, it’s a rotation of the motor or the number of rotations in a minute. The word has been around since the early 20th century, following the invention of the automobile. Rev can be used for any internal combustion engine, but it's most often used for the zooming sound of a car engine. Rev and revolution come from the Late Latin revolutionem, "a revolving."
WORD FAMILY
rev: revs, revved, revving
USAGE EXAMPLES
To better understand this approach I spoke with the Rev. William Barber II, president of the North Carolina chapter of the NAACP.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
“We’re just hoping to raise awareness about people experiencing homelessness,” said the Rev. Andrew Bales, the mission’s chief executive.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The 89-year-old activist and wife of the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. looks back on her life.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)

Word: peacemaker
Front: peacemaker
[ˈpi:smeɪkə(r)] (17298/23030)
Vocabulary: peacemaker
(once / 19095 pages)
n
A peacemaker is a person who helps others solve a conflict and reach a peaceful solution. Of course Gandhi was a famous peacemaker, but even the volunteer on playground patrol can act as a peacemaker too.
An individual can be a peacemaker, and there are also organizations that work as peacemakers. If two countries are engaged in a long war, for example, peacemakers might help negotiate a truce. Diplomats and mediators are peacemakers, and if you help your angry sisters come to a peaceable agreement about whose turn it is to take out the trash, you're a peacemaker too.
WORD FAMILY
peacemaker: peacemakers
USAGE EXAMPLES
But Hobbs Manthey sees herself not as a combatant in the war over Christmas, but as a peacemaker.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
And with that, Donald Trump can become a peacemaker, or at least a stabilizer, in a volatile region.
Time(Nov 17, 2016)
In Nixon’s first inaugural address, he used the word “peace” fifteen times and said, “The greatest honor history can bestow is the title of peacemaker.”
The New Yorker(Nov 17, 2016)
Back: n. 调解人，调停人
分布：和事佬(65%)，调解者(35%)
US [-kɚ] noun countable
■a person who tries to establish peace between people 调解人，调停人
n. 调解者；和事佬
 - intermediary, fence-straddler

Word: moniker
Front: moniker
[ˈmɒnɪkə(r)] (17300/-)
Vocabulary: moniker
(once / 20920 pages)
n
A moniker is a nickname. Basketball player Charles Barkley had the moniker "The Round Mound of Rebound."
A moniker is a nickname or pet name for a person. People who are dating or friends often have monikers like "Sweetie" and "Schmoopie." Some monikers are shortened versions of your name, like "Ed" or "Eddie" for "Edward." Athletes and other famous people have many monikers. There was a very large football player for the Chicago Bears (William Perry) whose moniker was "The Refrigerator." That's a lot nicer moniker than "Ivan the Terrible."
WORD FAMILY
moniker: monikers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The moniker was ridiculed by Republicans as the unemployment rate still hovered around 9.5%.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The Coyote currently is without an established moniker.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
In other words: Don’t judge a reboot by its moniker.
Slate(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 名字，绰号
分布：名字(51%)，绰号(47%)，=monicker.(2%)
→俚语。可能是由monk杜撰的词，因僧侣通常会另取法号。
US ['mɑ:.nɪ.kɚ] noun countable humorous
■a name or nickname 名字；绰号
n. 绰号；名字
 - monaker, sobriquet

Word: allergen
Front: allergen
[ˈælədʒən] (17371/41067)
Back: n. 变应原
分布：过敏原(100%)
→词根alle，相异，不同。词根gen, 产生。
US [-ɚ-] specialized
noun countable
■a substance which can cause an allergy (= condition of the body reacting badly to something) but which is not harmful to most people 过敏原；变应原（引起过敏反应的物质）
n. [医] 过敏原
 - anaphylactogen, sensitinogen

Word: treachery
Front: treachery
[ˈtretʃəri] (宝 17315/15128 -1)
Vocabulary: treachery
(once / 282 pages)
n
Treachery is trickery, cheating, and deceit, like the treachery of your former friend who only stuck around until he stole your girlfriend and turned the whole grade against you.
The noun treachery comes from the Old French word trechier, “to cheat.” Many a corrupt government or dictator has been accused of treachery: deceiving the people and abusing their trust. Greed is a common cause of treachery — with the promise of wealth, people can be tempted to betray their country and even their loved ones, as new celebrities find out when their best friends sell embarrassing secrets to the tabloids.
WORD FAMILY
treachery: treacheries, treacherous +/ treacherous: treacherousest, treacherously
USAGE EXAMPLES
He also needs allies against Islamic State, but he sees treachery everywhere these days except among his new friends in Moscow.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 03, 2017)
Bartlett borrows fruitfully from “Hamlet” and “Macbeth,” with their royal ghosts and treacheries.
Seattle Times(Nov 18, 2016)
Treachery on such an epic scale can bear many retellings, and this account stands out for its impressive detail and scope.
Washington Post(Nov 04, 2016)
Back: n. 背叛; 变节; 背叛行为
分布：背叛(80%)，叛变(20%)
→来自古法语 trechier,欺骗，撒谎，可能来自拉丁语 tricari,逃避，耍诈，词源同 trick.后引申词 义背叛，不忠。-ery,表行为。
US [-ɚ-] noun uncountable formal
■when a person deceives, or is not loyal to, someone who trusts them 背叛（一个人欺骗信任他的某人，或对其不忠）
• Corley said she was standing down as leader because of the treachery of her own colleagues. 科利说她要从领导岗位上退下了，原因是她被自己同事拆台。
n. 背叛；变节；背叛行为
 - betrayal, tergiversation

Word: congregational
Front: congregational
[ˌkɒŋɡrɪ'ɡeɪʃnəl] (17267/17182)
Back: adj. （教堂）会众的，公理教会的
分布：会众的(47%)，公理教会的(40%)，集合的(13%)

Word: colt
Vocabulary: colt
(once / 1880 pages)
n
A colt is a male horse that's younger than four years old. When your colt is older than four, you can call him a stallion, gelding, or simply a horse.
There are many terms for horses, depending what age they are and whether they're male or female. While colt can only refer to a young male, and a female of a similar age would be called a filly, you can talk about a horse of either sex that's between one and two years old as a yearling. The word colt comes directly from Old English, and it originally meant "young ass," or "young camel."
WORD FAMILY
colt: coltish, colts+/ coltish: coltishly, sportively
USAGE EXAMPLES
Rico, the nuzzling colt, likes his new human friends and the feed bucket, but his mom is not so quick to trust again.
Washington Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Hall of Fame jockey Mike Smith piloted the three-year-old colt past the celebrated field in a dramatic stretch run to win America's richest race.
Reuters(Nov 05, 2016)
Named for New York Mets pitcher Noah Syndergaard, the colt broke second out of the starting gate and quickly went to the lead.
Washington Times(Nov 05, 2016)

Word: barrel
Front: barrel
[ˈbærəl] (研四六托雅 3084/4469 -3)
Vocabulary: barrel
(once / 265 pages)
nv
A barrel is a big container used to store liquids. If you're moving a barrel, it's best to tip it on its side because its shape bulges at the center, so that it's easy to roll.
Barrels hold liquid in them — anything from wine to beer to oil. A barrel can also be the tube in a gun that a bullet travels through. You might hear the expression "stare down the barrel of a gun," which means you're looking at a gun pointed right at your face. A barrel is also used as a unit of measure or to refer to a large unit of measure. When someone says they are having "barrels of fun," they're having a really great time.
WORD FAMILY
barrel: barreled, barrelful, barreling, barrelling, barrels+/barreled: unbarreled/barrelful: barrelfuls
USAGE EXAMPLES
International Brent crude oil LCOc1 was yet to trade after closing up 68 cents at $56.82 per barrel on Friday.
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
The 128th annual parade got started Monday with an added police presence and measures to prevent a vehicle from barreling into the route.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Businesses across the region also serve as Toy Drop Locations, filling up barrels with the Dagger’s Toy Run logo printed on them.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 桶; 一桶之量; 圆筒，活塞筒，滚筒; 圆筒
adj. 桶状的
vt. 装进桶里，放进桶里
vi. 高速行驶
时态：barrelled, barrelling, barrels
分布：桶(86%)，枪管(7%)，炮管(2%)，笔管(1%)，快速移动(1%)，大量(1%)，一桶的量(1%)，把 ... 装桶(1%)
→词源同bar, 杆，棍。指用木杆围的桶。
n.桶;枪管,炮管In the bar the barber bargained for a jar of jam, then got over the barrier of barrels.在酒巴里理发师为一罐果酱讲了价然后越过桶作的屏障.
noun countable
CONTAINER 容器
■a large container, made of wood, metal or plastic, with a flat top and bottom and curved sides that make it fatter in the middle 桶
• They drank a whole barrel of beer (= the contents of a barrel) at the party. 他们在派对上喝了整整一桶的啤酒。
■In the oil industry, a barrel of oil is equal to 159 litres. 桶（一桶石油相当于159升）
['bær.əl] noun countable
GUN PART 枪械零件
■the long part of a gun that is shaped like a tube 枪管
['bær.əl] noun countable
be a barrel of laughs/fun informal
■to be funny or enjoyable 搞笑，有趣
• "He's a bit serious isn't he?" "Yeah, not exactly a barrel of laughs." “他有点儿严肃，对吧？”“对，不怎么有趣。”
['bær.əl] noun countable
have sb over a barrel informal
■to put someone in a very difficult situation in which they have no choice about what they do 使（某人）别无选择，使（某人）听从摆布
• She knows I need the work so she's got me over a barrel in terms of what she pays me. 她知道我需要这份工作，所以就在薪水上为难我。
['bær.əl] verb intransitive [+ adv/prep] (-ll- or US USUALLY -l-) informal
■to travel somewhere very quickly 飞驰
• We were barrelling along the autobahn at 180 kph. 我们以每小时180公里的速度在高速公路上飞驰。
n. 桶； [军] 枪管，炮管
 - bucket, pail
vi. 快速移动
 - skirr

Word: misbehavior
Front: misbehavior
['mɪsbɪ'heɪvjə] (16895/-)
Back: n. <美>不礼貌，品行不端; 违反军规
分布：品行不端(80%)，粗鲁行为(20%)
n. 品行不端；不礼貌（等于misbehaviour）
 - misdemeanor, discourteousness

Word: Inca
Front: Inca
[ˈiŋkə] (17387/27937)
Back: n. 印加；印加人

Word: genial
Front: genial
[ˈdʒi:niəl] (托雅宝 17323/15016 -1)
Vocabulary: genial
(once / 499 pages)
1adj 2adj
If you're friendly and outgoing, you're genial. You can be a genial host or a genial guest.
This is mainly a word for pleasant kindness. Besides people or animals, climates and weather can be genial, which means they too are warm and sunny — good for growing things. In older literature, genial might have something to do with marriage and family, and sometimes brilliance, as in genius. Those uses are very rare nowadays, as is the sense of genial as having to do with the jaw. These days, warmth and friendliness are the main meanings.
WORD FAMILY
genial: genialest, geniality, genially+/ geniality: genialities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Palmer, a magnetic and genial golfer, brought sports into the modern mercantile era and helped globalize the game.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
“I am here because of state violence on behalf of a corporation,” Matthew, a genial, lightly dressed man, said.
The New Yorker(Dec 22, 2016)
But for all the disdain with which Reagan was greeted, the genial star of “Bedtime for Bonzo” was a far less frightening figure than Trump.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 和蔼的，亲切的; 温暖的，温和的; 宜人的; 显示天才的
分布：友好的(100%)
→来自genius, 守护精灵。引申词义欢快的，友好的。
和蔼的;愉快的(gen+ial→产生[感情]的→和蔼的)[gen,gener,genit=birth,produce,表示"出生,产生"]
【记】geni＝gene，al＝all：所有人有共同的基因，好像兄弟姐妹一样－友好的，和蔼可亲的
【区】genital（adj 生殖的；n 男性生殖器）
【反】mordant（adj 讽刺的；尖刻的）；saturnine（adj 忧郁的；讥讽的）；dyspeptic（adj 阴郁的；不高兴的）；caustic（adj 刻薄的）；dour（adj 不爱讲话的；阴沉的）；truculent（adj 好战凶猛的）
adjective
■friendly and pleasant 友好的；愉快的；和蔼的
• The headteacher is very genial/has a genial manner. 这位校长非常友好／态度和蔼。
adj. 亲切的，友好的；和蔼的；适宜的
 - friendly, nice, sweet, kind, well

Word: parent-child
Front: parent-child
['pærənt tʃɛəd] None
Back: adj. 父子关系；主从关系
分布：父母与子女之间的(100%)

Word: magnolia
Front: magnolia
[mægˈnəʊliə] (17308/22273 -1)
Back: n. [植] 木兰; 木兰花; 玉兰类的植物; 奶白色
adj. 木兰科的
分布：木兰(86%)，木兰属植物(14%)
→来自17世纪法国园艺学家Pierre Magnol,以表达对他的敬意。
US [-'noʊ-] noun
TREE 树木
countable
■a type of tree with large, usually white or pink flowers 木兰（一种树木，通常开白色或粉红色的大花朵）
UK [mæg'nəʊ.li.ə] US [-'noʊ-] noun
COLOUR 颜色
uncountable UK
■a pale cream colour 玉兰色（淡乳白色）

Word: inhalation
Front: inhalation
[ˌɪnhə'leɪʃn] (17276/21771)
Vocabulary: inhalation
(once / 10025 pages)
n
An inhalation is an inward breath. When you swim to the surface of a pool after being under water, you'll take a deep inhalation.
The inhalation of gas fumes is bad for you, while inhalation of scents like peppermint can be very relaxing. If you've ever taken a yoga class, you know there's a lot of talk about breathing, inhalation and exhalation (breathing out). Inhalation comes from the verb inhale, "to breathe in," from the Latin inhalare, "breathe upon."
WORD FAMILY
inhalation: inhalations+/inhalant: inhalants/inhalator: inhalators/ inhale: inhalant, inhalation, inhalator, inhaled, inhaler, inhales, inhaling/inhaler: inhalers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The goal is to measure firefighters’ exposure to chemicals, smoke and other carcinogens through inhalation and skin.
Washington Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Officials say one woman suffered smoke inhalation and was transported to a hospital.
Washington Times(Nov 29, 2016)
The woman was treated for smoke inhalation at Lowell General Hospital and is expected to be OK.
Washington Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 吸入; 吸入剂，吸入物
分布：吸入(98%)，吸入药剂(2%)
吸入,吸气(inhale+ation)[hal,halit=breathe,表示"呼吸']
N-VAR
(空气等的)吸入
Inhalation is the process or act of breathing in, taking air and sometimes other substances into your lungs.
例：...a complete cycle of inhalation and exhalation...吸入与呼出的完整循环
例：They were taken to hospital suffering from smoke inhalation...他们因吸入大量烟尘被送往医院。
N-COUNT
吸入药;吸入剂;吸入物
An inhalation is a treatment for colds and other illnesses in which you dissolve substances in hot water and breathe in the vapour.
例：Inhalations can soothe and control the cough...吸入药剂可以缓解并抑制咳嗽。
例：Inhalations of menthol may do the trick.吸入薄荷醇或许可以起到作用。
n. [生理] 吸入；吸入药剂
 - imbibition, indraft

Word: afoot
Front: afoot
[əˈfʊt] (17330/19318 -1)
Vocabulary: afoot
(once / 1792 pages)
advadj
Something that's afoot is already happening, underway, or being prepared. You might reassure your fellow French club members that plans are afoot for a fund raiser to support your upcoming trip to Québec.
People frequently say that plans are afoot when they've started preparing for a party, an election campaign, a job hunt, or anything else that requires some planning. Plans might be afoot for your dad's surprise party, for example, or your sister's wedding. Another, less common way to use afoot is to mean "on foot," or "walking." You could tell your teacher that you're late to school because you missed the bus and had to travel afoot.
WORD FAMILY
afoot
USAGE EXAMPLES
With change so palpably afoot, this should be our time.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
No, something more personal and equally futile must be afoot.
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
Efforts are afoot to break down those risks and bring new candidates to attention.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. & adv. 徒步的（地）; 正在进行的（地）; 活动着的（地）; 不对劲的（地）
分布：在进行中(44%)，徒步的(35%)，徒步地(7%)，在准备中地(7%)，在准备中的(7%)
→来自短语 on foot.
adjective [after verb]
■happening or being planned or prepared 进行中的；策划中的；准备中的
• There are plans afoot to launch a new radio station. 成立一家新广播电台的计划正在酝酿之中。
adj. 在进行中的；徒步的；准备中
 - pedestrian
adv. 在进行中，在准备中
 - in hand, agoing

Word: toolbox
Front: toolbox
[ˈtu:lbɒks] (17283/28142)
Back: n. 工具箱
分布：工具箱(100%)
n. 工具箱
 - kit, tool chest

Word: horrid
Front: horrid
[ˈhɒrɪd] (17286/14986 -1)
Vocabulary: horrid
(once / 419 pages)
adj
Horrid things are absolutely dreadful — they horrify or disgust you. A horrid dream can make you wake with a gasp and lie there with your heart pounding.
You might cover your eyes during a particularly horrid scene in a scary movie, or skip past the horrid photos of a war zone in the newspaper. Things are also horrid when they're just plain bad: "That wallpaper in your bedroom is absolutely horrid." In the 1400s, horrid meant "hairy, shaggy, or bristling." The word stems from a Latin root, horrere, "to bristle with fear."
WORD FAMILY
horrid: horrider, horridest, horridly, horridness+/horridness: horridnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
“The vocalization,” she wrote, “is often done by people with horrid voices and sentimental mannerisms.”
Washington Post(Dec 08, 2016)
Do you agree with Lady Susan that facts are horrid things?
The Guardian(Dec 15, 2016)
“Facts are horrid things,” declares Susan when they threaten to mildly scupper her plans.
The Guardian(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: adj. 引起反感的; 可怕的; 恐怖的; 极讨厌的
分布：可怕的(60%)，讨厌的(21%)，恐怖的(15%)，很不友好的(4%)
→来自拉丁语horrere,恐惧，颤抖，词源同horror.引申词义讨厌的，不友好的。
可怕的[hor(r)=shudder,dread,表示"颤抖,害怕"]
US ['hɔ:r-] adjective old-fashioned informal
■unpleasant or unkind; nasty 令人不愉快的；不友好的
• Don't be so horrid! 别那么惹人烦！
• The medicine tasted horrid. 那种药很难吃。
adj. 可怕的；恐怖的；极讨厌的
 - terrible, awesome, fearful, dire, formidable

Word: forego
Front: forego
[fɔ:ˈɡəu] (17333/18748)
Vocabulary: forego
(once / 663 pages)
1v 2v
If you forego something, you choose to give it up. If you forego dessert after dinner, you are skipping dessert.
The verb forego (also spelled forgo) literally means “to go by.” In common usage it means “to abstain” or “do without.” You might forego smoking cigarettes as a New Year’s resolution. Forego can also mean “to precede,” or “go before.” This verb is often seen in its past participle form, foregone, in the phrase “foregone conclusion,” meaning a predetermined conclusion.
WORD FAMILY
forego: foregoing, forewent
USAGE EXAMPLES
An MP revealed the veteran rockers were foregoing payment during a House of Commons debate.
BBC(Dec 15, 2016)
Some papers downplayed reports of violence against Germany’s Jewish citizens as propaganda like that which proliferated during the foregoing world war.
The Guardian(Dec 12, 2016)
He says both sides have agreed to forego live-fire drills during the monthlong exercises.
Seattle Times(Nov 15, 2016)
Back: vt. 摒弃; 摒绝; 放弃
时态：forewent, foregone, foregoing, foregoes
分布：放弃(88%)，在……之前(8%)，=forgo.(4%)
US [fɔ:r'goʊ] (foregoing, forewent, foregone)
verb transitive
■to forgo 放弃，弃绝
vt. 放弃；居先；在……之前
 - desert, yield, quit

Word: miscalculation
Front: miscalculation
[ˌmɪskælkjʊ'leɪʃn] (17335/19623)
Back: n. 算错，误算; 判断错误
分布：算错(100%)
【记】mis错，calculate计算
VERB
判断错误;算错;误算
If you miscalculate, you make a mistake in judging a situation or in making a calculation.
例：It's clear that he has badly miscalculated the mood of the people...显然，他完全没有想到人们的情绪会是如此。
例：The government appears to have miscalculated and bills are higher as a result.政府好像计算失误，结果导致支出有所增加。

Word: extramarital
Front: extramarital
[ˌekstrəˈmærɪtl] (17306/40625)
Vocabulary: extramarital
(once / 24023 pages)
adj
The word extramarital describes relationships that happen outside of a marriage, between two people who aren't married to each other. An extramarital affair can damage a marriage.
The adjective extramarital is almost always used to describe a romantic relationship or encounter that happens between a married person and someone who is not the person's spouse. If a married man sneaks off to meet his secret girlfriend, you can say that the man is having an extramarital affair. In this case, the Latin prefix extra means "outside," and marital comes from the Latin maritalis, "of marriage or married people."
WORD FAMILY
extramarital
USAGE EXAMPLES
April 8, 2010 - Woods disappeared from public for two months after revelations of multiple extramarital affairs.
Washington Times(Dec 01, 2016)
April 8, 2010 — Woods disappeared from public for two months after revelations of multiple extramarital affairs.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
When his history of extramarital affairs was revealed in staggering detail toward the end of 2009, Woods was publicly and privately shamed.
Golf Digest(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 私通的; 婚外
分布：私通的(52%)，婚外的(48%)
→extra-, 外面的，超过的。marital, 婚姻的。
US [-ə.tˌəl] adjective
■describes a married person's sexual relationship with someone who is not their husband or wife 婚外（性关系）的
• an extramarital affair 婚外情
adj. 私通的，婚外的，通奸的
 - adulterous

Word: blindfold
Front: blindfold
[ˈblaɪndfəʊld] (17339/19401 -1)
Vocabulary: blindfold
(once / 2682 pages)
nvadj
A blindfold is a strip of fabric that's tied across your eyes so you can't see. At a birthday party, you might wear a blindfold and attempt to pin a paper tail on a picture of a donkey.
A bank robber might blindfold a hostage, and a kindergarten teacher might also tie a blindfold on the birthday boy during a party game. In both cases, the blindfold makes the person unable to see what's going on. The earliest, 14th century version of the word was blindfelled, the past participle of blindfellan, "cover the eyes," from the Old English blindfellian, "to strike blind."
WORD FAMILY
blindfold: blindfolded, blindfolding, blindfolds
USAGE EXAMPLES
Four days later, after being allowed a fleeting meeting with Pan, he was blindfolded and escorted back downstairs into The Residence’s garage.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Mr. Salim, who was blindfolded while being transferred, said that he did not travel far.
New York Times(Oct 12, 2016)
Blindfolded and forced to read a message in Arabic, he was roughly handled.
The Guardian(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: vt. （尤指用布）挡住（某人）的视线; 蒙住（某人）的眼睛; 使不理解; 蒙骗
n. 蒙眼的绷带[布等]; 障眼物，蒙蔽人的事物
adj. & adv. 被蒙住眼睛的（地）; 盲目的（地）; 不谨慎的（地）; 鲁莽的（地）
时态：blindfolded, blindfolding, blindfolds
分布：盲目(40%)，蒙眼物(20%)，蒙住 ... 的眼睛(20%)，被蒙上眼睛的(20%)
→改写自古英语blindfellen。blind, 瞎。fell, 砍伐，击倒。原指打瞎，后改成fold, 折叠，指眼罩。
US [-foʊld] noun countable
■a strip of cloth which covers someone's eyes and stops them from seeing 蒙眼布；障眼物；眼罩
UK ['blaɪnd.fəʊld] US [-foʊld] verb transitive
■to cover someone's eyes with a blindfold 蒙住…的眼睛
• She was blindfolded and taken somewhere in the back of a van. 她被蒙上眼睛，坐在货车后面被拉到了甚么地方。
vt. 蒙住…的眼睛；挡住…的视线；使…模糊不清
 - blur
adj. 轻率的，盲目的；看不清的；被蒙住眼睛的
 - hasty, thoughtless
n. 障眼物，眼罩
 - patch, eyepatch
adv. 盲目地；鲁莽地，轻率地
 - recklessly, unadvisedly

Word: enamor
Front: enamor
[ɪ'næmə] (17342/-)
Vocabulary: enamor
(once / 6321 pages)
v
When you are enamored by something or someone, you love it. It attracts you. You might say that you're enamored with your new car, or enamored of the new kid in school.
Enamor is a strange verb––it doesn't mean anything on its own. One cannot just enamor––that means nothing. One cannot even enamor something––that also is a meaningless proposition. Rather, you're enamored by the thing that attracts you. The verb is almost always used in a passive construction.
WORD FAMILY
enamor: enamored, enamoring+/ enamored: enamoredness
USAGE EXAMPLES
“The Leaves Fall,” a forthcoming solo album, reveals another side of Mr. Carter, as a singer-songwriter enamored of chiming British psych-folk.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
A person familiar with Trump’s comments said he is “enamored with Reagan’s confident style and how he connected with the country.”
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Lately I am most enamored of yellow beets, even more so when they are a bright, intensely golden hue.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. 使倾心，使迷恋
时态：enamored, enamoring, enamors
分布：使迷恋(60%)，迷住(40%)
vt. 使迷恋，使倾心
 - infatuate

Word: Icelandic
Front: Icelandic
[aɪs'lændɪk] (17430/22341)
Back: n. 冰岛语
adj. 冰岛的；冰岛人的；冰岛语的
分布：冰岛的(34%)，冰岛语的(24%)，冰岛人的(24%)，冰岛语(18%)
adjective
■Icelandic 冰岛的

Word: filming
Front: filming
[fɪlmɪŋ] (17334/15680)
Back: n. 拍摄电影; 薄膜形成
v. 拍摄(film的ing形式); 以薄膜覆盖
分布：摄影(94%)，动词film的现在分词形式.(6%)
noun uncountable
■the activity of making a film 拍摄（活动）
• Filming was halted after the lead actor became ill. 主角生病后，拍摄便暂停了。
n. 拍摄；摄影；薄膜形成
 - photography, photo shoot
v. 拍摄（film的ing形式）；以薄膜覆盖
 - screening

Word: incendiary
Front: incendiary
[ɪnˈsendiəri] (宝 17341/20344 -1)
Vocabulary: incendiary
(once / 2811 pages)
adjn
An incendiary device is a bomb. An incendiary statement is, "You're ugly and stupid." Both are likely to produce an explosion of one kind or another.
Incendiary means more than flammable. It means explosive, in both a literal and figurative way. If you're a radical who changes the world by exciting people and makes as many enemies as followers, you're an incendiary figure. The speeches you give that rile people up are incendiary. The fires you set are also incendiary, and by setting them you are also likely to be called an incendiary — someone who burns things, more commonly known as an arsonist.
WORD FAMILY
incendiary: incendiaries, incendiarism+/incendiarism: incendiarisms
USAGE EXAMPLES
The blaze was ruled incendiary and police are considering the crime an aggravated arson.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Whether or not Beyoncé's famous marriage was the inspiration is secondary to its brilliance as a deeply experimental multimedia presentation boasting her most incendiary work. Listen.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
His ideas are incendiary, but about as deep as a Sunday brunch mimosa.
Salon(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 引火的; 燃烧的; 纵火的; 煽动的
n. 纵火犯; 易燃物; 煽动者
分布：燃烧弹(44%)，放火的(20%)，煽动者(16%)，煽动的(11%)，教唆的(6%)，纵火犯人(3%)
→in-,进入，使，-cend,火，燃烧，词源同candle,incense.引申词义纵火的，煽动的。
【记】in进入，cend＝cand白热，iary－燃烧发光－放火的；煽动的
US [-er.i] adjective
FIRE 火
[before noun]
■designed to cause fires 能引起燃烧的
• an incendiary bomb/device 燃烧弹／喷火器
UK [ɪn'sen.di.ər.i] US [-er.i] adjective
CAUSING ANGER 引起愤怒的
■likely to cause violence or strong feelings of anger 煽动性的
• incendiary remarks 煽动性言论
n. [军] 燃烧弹；纵火犯，放火者；煽动者
 - Molotov cocktail, liquid fire
adj. 煽动的；放火的，纵火的
 - demagogical, inciting

Word: unproductive
Front: unproductive
[ˌʌnprəˈdʌktɪv] (宝 17328/14719 -1)
Back: adj. 不毛的; 没有产物的，没有收益的; 非生产性的; 徒然的，没有效果的
分布：非生产性的(52%)，徒劳的(24%)，不生产的(16%)，没有收获的(8%)
adjective
■not producing very much 收益很少的；效果不明显的 Opposite productive not having positive results 徒然的；无效的
• It was such an unproductive meeting - we achieved hardly anything. 这是场徒劳无功的会议——我们几乎一无所获。
adj. 非生产性的；徒劳的；不毛的；不生产的
 - empty, hungry, vain, desert

Word: rumpled
Front: rumpled
[ˈrʌmpəld] (17261/27411)
Vocabulary: rumpled
(once / 5054 pages)
adj
Anything wrinkled or disheveled is rumpled. Unless you make your bed neatly in the morning, your blankets will still be rumpled when you climb in at bedtime.
You'll make a better impression at a job interview if you wear crisp pants and an ironed shirt than if you show up in a rumpled suit. You can even describe a person as looking rumpled, if they seem generally messy and bedraggled. The adjective rumpled comes from the verb rumple, which is most likely a variation on the now-obsolete rimple, "to wrinkle."
WORD FAMILY
rumple: rumpled, rumples, rumpling
USAGE EXAMPLES
Williams plays his ex-wife; she is sassy, rumpled, no-nonsense, with splotchy roots.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
That was the night that, in a gesture that for some viewers said more about the host than the guest, Fallon rumpled Trump's hair.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 18, 2016)
He wore a faded green polo with a rumpled collar, lightly patterned across the midsection with dark bands of drying sweat.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: v. 弄皱，使凌乱( rumple的过去式和过去分词 )
分布：弄皱(44%)，弄乱(28%)，皱褶(14%)，皱纹(14%)
ADJ-GRADED
弄皱的;凌乱的
Rumpled means creased or untidy.
例：I hurried to the tent and grabbed a few clean, if rumpled, clothes.我赶紧跑到帐篷里，抓起了几件虽然有些皱，但是很干净的衣服。
例：...a sprawl of white, rumpled sheets...一床皱巴巴的白色被单
adj. 凌乱的；弄皱的
 - messy, untidy
v. 弄皱；弄乱（rumple的过去式）
 - tousled

Word: signatory
Front: signatory
[ˈsɪgnətri] (宝 17290/10479 -1)
Vocabulary: signatory
(once / 5694 pages)
n
A signatory is someone who signs a document and is subject to it. The co-signer for a loan is one type of signatory.
A signatory is someone who signs a contract, therefore creating a legal obligation. There could be several signatories for a specific contract. Over time, this word has often been used for a person or country who signs a peace treaty. If the treaty is broken, the signatory will be blamed. You could be a signatory for a marriage, mortgage, adoption, lawsuit, or employment contract.
WORD FAMILY
signatory: signatories+/co-sign: co-signed/countersign: countersignature, countersigned, countersigning, countersigns/insignificance: insignificances/ insignificant: insignificance, insignificantly/ sign: co-sign, countersign, signatory, signature, signed, signedly, signer, signify, signing, signs, undersign/ signature: signatures/signed: unsigned/signer: signers/ significance: significances/ significant: insignificant, nonsignificant, significance, significantly /signification: significations/signifier: signifiers/ signify: significant, signification, signified, signifier, signifies, signifying/signing: signings/undersign: undersigned, undersigning
USAGE EXAMPLES
There are also many smaller militias—the estimates of the disparate Syrian forces exceed one thousand—that are not signatories.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
Yu, the signatory from Beijing, said he never characterized himself as politically active until news of the Lei case this year stunned him.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Adding to the embarrassment, the UK is a signatory to an international treaty banning cluster bombs.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 签字人， 签约国
adj. 签署的，签约的
分布：签约国(62%)，签署者(38%)
→来自 sign,签字，签署，签约，-ate,使，-ory,形容词后缀。即签署的，签约的，后形容词作名 词使用，引申词义签署方，签署国等。
US [-tɔ:r.i] noun countable
■a person, organization or country which has signed an agreement 签约者；缔约国
• Most western European nations are signatories to/of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. 大部分西欧国家都是北大西洋公约组织的缔约国。

Word: overpriced
Front: overpriced
[ˌəʊvəˈpraɪst] (17331/24387)
Back: adj. 价格过高的; 定价太高的
v. 将…标价过高，索价过高（ overprice的过去式和过去分词 ）
分布：索价过高(60%)，将 ... 标价过高(40%)
US [ˌoʊ.vɚ-] adjective
■too expensive 过于昂贵的；价格太高的
• These shoes are very nice, but they're terribly overpriced. 这些鞋子很漂亮，但价格高得吓人。

Word: perversion
Front: perversion
[pəˈvɜ:ʃn] (17326/20668 -1)
Vocabulary: perversion
(once / 2710 pages)
1n 2n
Although most often used to refer to some sort of psychological corruption or abnormal behavior (usually sexual), the word perversion can actually refer to anything that is used for a distorted or wrong purpose.
The Latin word pervertere, which means "turn around," serves as the basis for the noun perversion, suggesting something that is contrary to something else. The word developed a religious meaning in the 15th century, when it came to be used to refer to any distortion of church doctrine. Around 1700, the word developed a secular meaning, denoting what was considered deviant sexual behavior — often any sexual behavior other than that used to reproduce.
WORD FAMILY
perversion: perversions+/ pervert: perversion, perversive, perverted, perverting, perverts/perverted: pervertedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Despite the perversion of the word, it has become impossible to read or watch coverage of the 2016 horror show without finding it everywhere.
Salon(Nov 20, 2016)
What was once considered “immoral” or a “perversion” became normalized.
Salon(Nov 07, 2016)
Jefferson knew that an educated public was the most effective bulwark against “the perversion of power into tyranny.”
Wall Street Journal(Nov 03, 2016)
Back: n. 歪曲，曲解; 变坏; [医]性欲倒错; [心]性变态
分布：反常(31%)，误用(27%)，歪曲(27%)，性变态(15%)
→来自pervert,使颠倒，-s,过去分词格。
US [pɚ'vɝ:-] disapproving
noun countable or uncountable
■sexual behaviour which is considered strange and unpleasant by most people 性变态
• The novels of the Marquis de Sade deal with sexual perversion. 萨德侯爵所著的那些小说描写的是性变态的内容。
■the changing of something so that it is not what it was or should be 歪曲，曲解
• His testimony was clearly a perversion of the truth. 他的证词显然是歪曲事实。
n. 反常；颠倒；曲解；误用；堕落
 - corruption, distortion, degradation, deterioration

Word: chemo
Front: chemo
[ˈki:məʊ] (17257/-)
Back: n. 化疗
分布：化疗(97%)，表示“化学的”(3%)
N-UNCOUNT
同 chemotherapy
Chemo is the same as chemotherapy .
例：The first time I had chemo I was quite scared.第一次做化疗时，我吓得要命。
n. 化疗（等于chemotherapy）；化学疗法
 - iatrochemistry

Word: weakening
Front: weakening
['wi:kənɪŋ] (17338/19766)
Back: v. （使）削弱， （使）变弱( weaken的现在分词 ); 消震
分布：弱化(97%)，动词weaken的现在分词形式.(3%)
V-ERG
削弱;减弱
If you weaken something or if it weakens, it becomes less strong or less powerful.
例：The recession has weakened so many firms that many can no longer survive...经济衰退使许多公司实力大损，不少难以为继。
例：The Prime Minister's opponents believe that her authority has been fatally weakened...首相的反对者认为她的权威已经受到致命削弱。
V-ERG
(使)(决心)动摇
If your resolve weakens or if something weakens it, you become less determined or less certain about taking a particular course of action that you had previously decided to take.
例：I looked at the list and felt my resolve weakening...我看着名单，觉得自己的决心正在动摇。
例：Jennie weakened, and finally relented...詹妮的态度有所缓和，最终软了下来。
VERB
使虚弱;使无力
If something weakens you, it causes you to lose some of your physical strength.
例：Malnutrition obviously weakens the patient.营养不良明显导致病人身体虚弱。
VERB
使松动;使损坏
If something weakens an object, it does something to it which causes it to become less firm and more likely to break.
例：A bomb blast had weakened an area of brick on the back wall...一颗炸弹爆炸使后墙的一片砖发生了松动。
例：Never dry underwear over direct heat; it will weaken the fabric.不要直接加热烘干内衣，那样会损坏布料。
n. 弱化；疲软；衰减
 - attenuation, damping
v. 削弱（weaken的ing形式）
 - crippling

Word: ravages
Front: ravages
[ˈrævɪdʒɪz] (17348/-)
Back: n. 劫掠后的残迹，破坏的结果，毁坏后的残迹
v. 毁坏( ravage的第三人称单数 ); 蹂躏; 劫掠; 抢劫
分布：破坏(41%)，蹂躏(35%)，掠夺(12%)，毁坏(12%)
plural noun
the ravages of disease/time/war, etc.
■the damage caused by disease/time/war, etc 病魔的摧残／时间流逝造成的损失／战争的破坏等
• The ravages of the fire showed in the splintered woodwork and blistered paint of the houses. 零碎的焦木块和斑驳的漆皮都显示出这场火灾对房屋的破坏有多严重。
v. 破坏（ravage的第三人称单数形式）；毁坏
 - damages

Word: scorpion
Front: scorpion
[ˈskɔ:piən] (宝 17316/15484)
Back: n. 蝎子
分布：蝎子(91%)，心黑的人(5%)，蝎子鞭(4%)
→来自拉丁语 scorpio,蝎子。
蝎子(scorp原意是一种鱼,转化为蝎子)[-ion 1.表名词"动作或状态“2.表示"某种物,用品"]
【记】读：死搞屁，能用屁股搞死你的动物－蝎子
US ['skɔ:r-] noun countable
■a small creature similar to an insect which lives in hot dry areas of the world and has a long body and a curved tail with a poisonous sting 蝎
n. 蝎子；蝎尾鞭；心黑的人
 - defiler

Word: brainwash
Front: brainwash
[ˈbreɪnwɒʃ] (17322/19763)
Back: vt. <贬>对…进行洗脑，把某种思想强加于，通过宣传灌输说服
n. 洗脑
时态：brainwashed, brainwashing, brainwashes
分布：洗脑(93%)，通过宣传说服(7%)
US [-wɑ:ʃ] disapproving
verb transitive
■to make someone believe something by repeatedly telling them that it is true and preventing any other information from reaching them 对…洗脑；向…强行灌输
• The government is trying to brainwash them into thinking that war is necessary. 政府正试图对他们进行洗脑，使之认为战争是别无选择的。

Word: four-hour

Word: catchy
Front: catchy
[ˈkætʃi] (17352/22766 -1)
Vocabulary: catchy
(once / 10251 pages)
1adj 2adj
Something that's catchy grabs your attention or sticks in your memory. A catchy TV commercial jingle is one that kids can't stop singing.
Ad executives are always seeking catchy slogans or ideas, and movie distributors work hard to put out catchy trailers for new films. Successful pop musicians have solved the puzzle of how to write a catchy song. In all of these cases, the catchy item appeals to many people and stays with them. The word dates from the 1830s, possibly from the sense of catch meaning "contract an illness that's passed from person to person."
WORD FAMILY
catchy: catchier, catchiest, catchily+/ catch: catched, catcher, catches, catching, catchment, catchy, caught/catcher: catchers/catching: catchingly, catchings/catchment: catchments
USAGE EXAMPLES
There are, of course, many ways to pen a catchy tune.
Washington Post(Oct 19, 2016)
According to Macmillan Dictionary, it "reflects a growing trend in recent years of coining a catchy new expression to appealingly characterise a topical scenario".
BBC(Dec 24, 2016)
Sweden’s latest export is a youthful and vivacious singer-songwriter with unabashed enthusiasm for catchy lyrics and danceable tunes.
Time(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 易记的; 易使人上当的; 迷人的
级别：catchier, catchiest
分布：易使人上当的(47%)，引人注目的(23%)，不连贯的(15%)，诡诈的(15%)
adjective
■(especially of a tune or song) pleasing and easy to remember （尤指曲调或歌曲）动听易记的，琅琅上口的
• a catchy tune 动听易记的曲调
• a song with catchy lyrics 歌词琅琅上口的歌曲
• a catchy name/slogan 好听易记的名字／口号
adj. 引人注意的；容易记住的；易使人上当的
 - arrestive, attention-getting

Word: mistreatment
Front: mistreatment
[ˌmɪs'tri:tmənt] (17344/35158)
Vocabulary: mistreatment
(once / 20239 pages)
n
Mistreatment is being cruel or thoughtless toward a person, animal, or even an object. Your little brother's habit of picking the cat up by his tail is an example of mistreatment.
Mistreatment of the family car might include driving it on the beach, while mistreatment of one's children could be as serious as abuse. If you don't treat someone well, it can be called mistreatment. The word itself comes from the Old English prefix mis-, "bad or wrong," and treat, "to handle or deal with."
WORD FAMILY
mistreatment: mistreatments+/ entreat: entreated, entreating, entreats/ill-treat: ill-treating/ mistreat: mistreated, mistreating, mistreatment, mistreats/ treat: entreat, ill-treat, mistreat, treated, treater, treating, treatment, treats/treated: ill-treated, retreated, untreated/treater: treaters/ treatment: ill-treatment, treatments
USAGE EXAMPLES
Reports of torture and other mistreatment in Russia’s prison camps rarely spark widespread discussion or protest.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
And while the particulars may differ across processing plants, the chicken industry is rife with mistreatment.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
The New York-based rights group urges India to implement a string of often-ignored regulations and prosecute officers involved in the alleged mistreatment of prisoners.
Seattle Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 虐待
分布：虐待(100%)
N-UNCOUNT
（尤指身体上的）虐待
Mistreatment of a person or animal is cruel behaviour towards them, especially by making them suffer physically.
例：...issues like police brutality and mistreatment of people in prisons.诸如警察施暴和囚犯受虐之类的问题
n. 虐待
 - punishment, abuse, ill-treatment

Word: whisky
Front: whisky
[ˈwɪski] (研四六 17204/3716 -2)
Back: n. 威士忌酒
分布：威士忌酒(100%)
n.威士忌酒This is the best Scotch whisky.这是最好的苏格兰威士忌.
mainly UK (ALSO mainly US and Irish English whiskey) ['wɪs.ki] noun countable or uncountable
 ADVANCED
■a strong, pale brown alcoholic drink, originally from Scotland and Ireland, made from grain such as barley , maize or rye 威士忌酒
n. 威士忌酒
 - wiskey

Word: unplanned
Front: unplanned
[ˌʌnˈplænd] (17355/19467)
Back: adj. 无计划的，未筹划的
分布：无计划的(51%)，意外的(34%)，在计划外的(15%)
adjective
■not planned or expected 没有计划的；意料之外的
• an unplanned pregnancy 意外怀孕
adj. 意外的；在计划外的；未经筹划的
 - unexpected, sudden, surprising

Word: idiotic
Front: idiotic
[ˌɪdiˈɒtɪk] (托 17349/20992)
Vocabulary: idiotic
(once / 2325 pages)
adj
Something that's idiotic is very, very stupid. It would be idiotic to turn down your lottery winnings because you're too lazy to go claim them.
An idiotic song is boring, repetitive and has ridiculous lyrics, and an idiotic TV show is badly written and terribly acted. Your dad might describe his dog as idiotic if she manages to find a skunk every single time she goes outdoors. The adjective idiotic is informal, and it comes from the Latin idioticus, "uneducated or ignorant," with the Greek root idiotikos, "unprofessional or unskilled."
WORD FAMILY
idiotic: idiotically+/ idiocy: idiocies/ idiot: idiocy, idiotic, idiots
USAGE EXAMPLES
Now I am sure that plenty of you right now are thinking: What an idiotic column.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Also for the sake of balance we should note that throughout June Donald Trump continues to emit a steady stream of truly idiotic statements.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
“This year’s idiotic and chaotic but the end’s in sight” Colbert belted into the mic to reassure his viewers.
Salon(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 白痴的; 憨痴; 呆头呆脑; 憨头憨脑
分布：愚蠢的(100%)
US [-'ɑ:.tˌɪk] adjective
■stupid 白痴似的，愚蠢的
adj. 白痴的；愚蠢的
 - foolish, stupid

Word: underwriter
Front: underwriter
[ˈʌndəraɪtə(r)] (17311/13320 -1)
Back: n. 保险业者; 保险公司，保险商; 承诺支付者; 担保人
分布：保险商(65%)，承诺支付者(20%)，承购人(15%)
N-COUNT
保险商；承销商
An underwriter is someone whose job involves agreeing to provide money for a particular activity or to pay for any losses that are made.
例：If the market will not buy the shares, the underwriter buys them...如果市场上没有人买这些股票，承销商就会买下来。
例：Global 2000 became an underwriter for small farmers.“全球2000”成为了小农场主的承保公司。
N-COUNT
核保师（对投保项目进行风险评估并决定保险费率）
An underwriter is someone whose job is to judge the risks involved in certain activities and decide how much to charge for insurance.
n. 保险公司；保险业者；承诺支付者；担保人
 - insurer, insurance company

Word: hearsay
Front: hearsay
[ˈhɪəseɪ] (托宝 17347/15520)
Vocabulary: hearsay
(once / 3891 pages)
nadj
Ever hear someone say something so juicy you decide to tell other people about it, even if you don't know if it's true or not? Admit it. That hearsay, or gossip, is precisely how rumors get started.
Hearsay is one of those awesome words that tell us its definition right up front. You don't have to figure it out by hearsay, or word of mouth, the definition is right there — when you hear someone say a rumor, that's hearsay.
WORD FAMILY
hearsay: hearsays
USAGE EXAMPLES
This serves as a cautionary tale for medical professionals, journalists, and laypeople alike to resist clinical indictments based on hearsay, if not outright imagination.
The New Yorker(Dec 29, 2016)
Johnson, in court papers, described Moore's report as "mental impressions" and inadmissible "double and triple hearsay."
Los Angeles Times(Nov 17, 2016)
Mattiello’s attorney says he objects to an investigation he said would become a fishing expedition based on hearsay and conjecture and motivated by sour grapes.
Washington Times(Nov 17, 2016)
Back: n. 传闻，道听途说; 小道消息; 谣传; 风言风语
分布：传闻(100%)
→来自hear say,边听边说，引申词义道听途说。
【记】hear（v 听到），say（说）：从别人那儿听来的消息－传闻
US ['hɪr-] noun uncountable
■information you have heard, although you do not know whether it is true or not 传闻，道听途说
• The evidence against them is all hearsay. 对他们不利的证据都是传闻。
n. 传闻，谣言
 - fame, rumor
adj. 传闻的，风闻的
 - rumored

Word: retool
Front: retool
[ˌri:ˈtu:l] (托 17351/-)
Vocabulary: retool
(once / 18240 pages)
1v 2v
When you change something by reshaping or altering it, you retool it. A candidate who's doing badly in the polls might try to retool his image before the election.
If an elementary school is getting dozens of new students, they may need to retool the classrooms to accommodate everyone. And, when new car models need to incorporate the latest safety features, engineers often have to retool their designs. Another way to use this verb is to mean "equip with new tools." You might, for example, retool your mom's basement workroom as a birthday present.
WORD FAMILY
retool: retooled, retooling, retools+/ tool: retool, tooled, tooling, tools
USAGE EXAMPLES
Docket clerks and court officers have been arguing for higher pay and a retooled employee classification review system.
Washington Times(Nov 30, 2016)
A better message, Vilsack said, would be built around partnering with local communities to retool economies hurt by technological change or globalization.
Washington Post(Nov 27, 2016)
Mr. Marchionne is retooling Fiat’s focus as well, moving it from elite to accessible.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. （给…）更换工具， （给…）更换机械设备
vt. 改组，革新
时态：retooled, retooling, retools
分布：重组(66%)，重新装备(34%)
→re-,再，重新，tool,工具。
VERB
重新装备，更换(机器设备等)
If the machines in a factory or the items of equipment used by a firm are retooled, they are replaced or changed so that they can do new tasks.
例：Each time the product changes, the machines have to be retooled.每次更换产品，就得重新装备机器。
vt. 重组；重新装备
 - recombine, reequip

Word: ascendancy
Front: ascendancy
[ə'sendənsɪ] (宝 17325/14964)
Vocabulary: ascendancy
(once / 2944 pages)
n
When you assume ascendancy over someone else, you become more powerful than they are. Ascendancy is the state of being in a higher position.
If you look at ascendancy, you see the word, ascend, which means to go up. Ascendancy is not so much about going up, but about being up. Another word for it is dominance, especially in the context of foreign or domestic relations. In school, if you question a teacher's ascendancy, you might be told to go to the principal's office. In this case, you're challenging the teacher's authority.
WORD FAMILY
ascendancy: ascendancies+/ ascend: ascendable, ascendant, ascended, ascendent, ascender, ascending, ascends, ascension, ascensive/ ascendant: ascendance, ascendancy, ascendants/ascendency: ascendencies/ascendent: ascendence, ascendency, ascendently, ascendents/ascender: ascenders/ ascending: ascendingly, ascendings/ ascension: ascensional, ascensions/ascensive: ascensively
USAGE EXAMPLES
The right is emboldened but it is not in the ascendancy.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
People of conscience watched Trump’s ascendancy in disbelief.
Salon(Dec 29, 2016)
We are witnessing its ascendancy in Iraq, Syria, Lebanon and Yemen.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 优势，支配地位; 支配倾向
分布：统治权(50%)，支配力量(50%)
权势;优势(ascend上升+ancy→上升状态→优势)[scend,scens,scent=climb,表示"爬,攀"]
统治力量(ascend登高)[-ancy=ance,表示"性质,状况"]
(also ascendency) [ə'sen.dənt.si] noun uncountable formal
■a position of power, strength or success 权势显赫，处尊居显；优势，支配地位
• They are in danger of losing their political ascendancy (= controlling power). 他们的政治权位岌岌可危。
• Supporters of the proposal are currently in the ascendancy over its opponents (= are more powerful than them). 议案的支持者目前占据上风（压倒了反对者）。
n. 优势；支配地位（等于ascendency，ascendence）
 - superiority, advantage, edge, dominance, predominance

Word: indie
Front: indie
[ˈɪndi] (17239/18035 -2)
Vocabulary: indie
(once / 462 pages)
adjn
An indie band makes music on their own or on a very small record company, not with a large recording label. Your favorite indie group probably makes most of its money from touring, rather than by selling its music online.
Pop musicians who record songs independently of major labels are indie, and indie filmmakers work with small budgets and unknown actors, rather than large, well-funded film companies. The adjective is also sometimes used simply to mean "simple," "not commercial," or "outside of the mainstream." Indie, a shortened form of independent, has been around since about 1920, originally referring to movies, and by 1945 it was also used for music labels.
WORD FAMILY
indie: indies
USAGE EXAMPLES
And the winner is: It’s a toss-up between the two critically acclaimed, deeply felt indies — “Manchester” and “Moonlight.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
He named his shop after a favorite song, “Embassy Row,” from one of his favorite indie rock bands, Pavement.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
While the West Indies toured Australia in 2015-16, six Caribbean players were playing for Big Bash League teams and not in the international matches.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 独立经营的电影院等; 独立制片人
adj. 独立制片的; 独立制片相关的
分布：独立制作的(56%)，由独立公司或团体制作的艺术作品(22%)，独立制片者(22%)
→缩写自independent,独立的。用于指小型的音乐或电影制片公司。
adjective
■describes music or films made by small companies which are not owned by larger companies （音乐或电影作品）独立小公司制作的，独立制作的
• an indie movie/film/record label 独立制作的电影／独立唱片公司
• The popularity of indie bands has soared in recent years. 这个不知名的小乐队近几年知名度大增。
['ɪn.di] noun countable
■a small music, film or television company that is not owned by a larger company （音乐、电影或电视的）独立制作公司
• She made five records with indies in the early 90s. 在上世纪90年代早期她与独立的小公司合作出了五张唱片。
■a film or recording made by a small company which is not owned by a larger company 由独立小公司制作的电影（或音乐作品）
adj. 独立的
 - independent, specialty

Word: sameness
Front: sameness
[ˈseɪmnəs] (17292/23661)
Back: n. 相同，酷似; 千篇一律
分布：相同(47%)，千篇一律(32%)，单调(21%)
→same,同样的，-ness,名词后缀。引申词义千篇一律，单调。
noun uncountable
■the quality of being the same as or very similar to something else 相同；一致性；千篇一律
• She was struck by the sameness of the houses. 这些房子全都一模一样，给她留下了深刻的印象。
n. 相同；千篇一律；单调
 - identical congruent, monotony

Word: wharf
Front: wharf
[wɔ:f] (六 17288/12557 -2)
Vocabulary: wharf
(once / 682 pages)
nv
A wharf is a platform built on the shore that extends over the surface of the water. On the wharf, you saw people preparing to set sail.
A wharf provides access for ships and boats, that can pull up and dock alongside it. In fact, wharfs are also called docks or piers. Wharfs are made of wood and act like sidewalks, making it easy to people, cargo and supplies to enter and leave a boat. As a verb, wharf means "to moor," or tie the boat to the wharf and drop an anchor, or "to be given a place at the wharf."
WORD FAMILY
wharf: wharfage, wharfed, wharfing, wharfs, wharves
USAGE EXAMPLES
Shops in Georgetown and at the Wharf are in the works, too.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
The lobster association is a group of wharf operators, processors, dealers and wholesalers in New England.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Investigators say the Spirit of Baltimore hit two other boats and caused about $100,000 in damage to the wharf.
Seattle Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 码头，停泊处
v. 靠码头; 把货卸在码头上
时态：wharfed, wharfing, wharfs
分布：码头(100%)
→来自古英语hwearf,河岸，船停靠点，来自kwerp,转，转开，来自sker,转，词源同ring,carpal。引申词义船的临时停靠点，码头。
US [wɔ:rf] (plural wharves)
noun countable
■an area like a wide wall built near the edge of the sea or a river where ships can be tied and goods unloaded 码头；停泊处
• Canary Wharf 加那利码头
port, seaport, harbour, pier, wharf
这组词都有“港，港口，码头”的意思，其区别是：
port: 多指人工港口，还可指有港口的市。
seaport: 指港埠。
harbour: 一般用词，指停泊船只、装卸货物的天然或人工港口。
pier: 专指与海岸成直角形而突出的码头，可供旅客，货物上下船或供人散步用。
wharf: 指船只停泊装卸货物的码头。
vt. 使靠码头；为…建码头；把货卸在码头上
 - dock
n. [水运] 码头；停泊处
 - landing, pier

Word: luminary
Front: luminary
[ˈlu:mɪnəri] (宝 17353/21408 -1)
Vocabulary: luminary
(once / 3477 pages)
n
In scientific writing, Stephen J. Hawking is a luminary. People look up to this well-known scientist and author for his knowledge and insight.
Although luminary can mean an object or celestial body that gives off light, you'll often hear people talk about parties at which there were many luminaries in attendance. In this case, luminary means celebrity or well-known person in sports or politics, science or the arts. Think of them as being bright lights that make a party sparkle.
WORD FAMILY
luminary: luminaries
USAGE EXAMPLES
Yet he is also backed by a small army of hawkish GOP luminaries and deep-pocketed donors.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Trump was reportedly moved by recommendations from Republican luminaries like former Defense Secretary Robert Gates and former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
But West is a hip-hop luminary, and a noted critic of presidents.
Slate(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 杰出人物，名人; 天体; 发光体
分布：杰出人物(53%)，发光体(47%)
→来自拉丁语lumen,光亮，光线，词源同light.引申词义发光的人，专家，权威。
发光体;杰出人物(lumin+ary东西或人→发亮的人→名人)[lumin=light,表示"光"]
杰出人物(lumin明亮)[-ary 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人,场所,物"]
【记】源于：lumen作为词根表示光。
US ['lu:.mə.ner.i] formal
noun countable
■a person who is famous and important in a particular area of activity （某一领域的）专家，知名人士
• Luminaries of stage and screen (= famous actors) assembled for last night's awards ceremony. 在昨晚的颁奖典礼上演艺界明星济济一堂。
n. 发光体；杰出人物；知识渊博的人
 - worthy, luminous body

Word: sparingly
Front: sparingly
['speərɪŋlɪ] (托 17358/18495)
Back: adv. 节约地; 保守地; 仁慈地; 缺少地
分布：节俭地(50%)，保守地(50%)
ADJ-GRADED
节约的;俭省的
Someone who is sparing with something uses it or gives it only in very small quantities.
例：I've not been sparing with the garlic...我总是用很多大蒜。
例：Her sparing use of make-up only seemed to enhance her classically beautiful features...一点淡妆反而增添了她五官的古典韵味。
adv. 节俭地；保守地；爱惜地
 - economically, thriftily

Word: reassign
Front: reassign
[ˌri:əˈsaɪn] (17360/37318)
Vocabulary: reassign
(once / 16909 pages)
v
The verb reassign means to move someone or something to a new location, department, or position. If your department was in the Cincinnati office but then your boss moved you to the Chicago office, you were reassigned.
Reassign is a combination of re-, meaning "again," and assign, which is from the Latin word assignare, meaning to mark out. Today reassign is often used in work-related discussions to indicate a transfer. If your boss says, "I'm going to reassign you to the Peterson project," you may be flattered that your boss thinks highly enough of you to put you on such a high profile project. But when reality sets in, you realize that your boss just assigned you tons of extra work for a cranky client. Congrats!
WORD FAMILY
reassign: reassigned, reassigning, reassignment, reassigns+/ assign: assignable, assignation, assigned, assignee, assigning, assignment, assigns, reassign /assignable: unassignable/ assignation: assignations/assigned: unassigned /assignee: assignees/ assignment: assignments/reassignment: reassignments/unassignable: unassignably
USAGE EXAMPLES
Recognizing her capabilities, he reassigned her to help at the observatory.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
After reporting the incident, Quayle says, he faced a hostile work environment and was reassigned to do desk work.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
In the professional world, “proximity” is hard to maintain, as work colleagues are reassigned or move on to new jobs.
New York Times(Jul 13, 2012)
Back: vt. 再分配，再指定
时态：reassigned, reassigning, reassigns
分布：再分配(72%)，交还(14%)，再交付(14%)
vt. 再分配；再指定
 - repartition

Word: materially
Front: materially
[mə'tɪərɪəlɪ] (17329/14256)
Back: adv. <正>相当地; 大大地; 物质上; 钱财上
分布：物质上(70%)，实质性地(15%)，重大地(15%)
US [-'tɪr.i-] adverb
MONEY 金钱
■in a way that relates to money and possessions 物质上
• Materially, of course, we're better off. 当然，从物质方面来讲，我们是更富裕了。
UK [mə'tɪə.ri.ə.li] US [-'tɪr.i-] adverb
IMPORTANT 重要 formal
■in an important or significant way 本质上，重要地
• Even if mistakes were made in the counting, they wouldn't have materially affected the results. 即使计算出现了差错，对结果也不会有重大的影响。
adv. 实质地；物质上；极大地
 - vastly, immensely

Word: space-time
Front: space-time
[ˈspeisˈtaim] None
Back: adj. 时空
分布：时空(100%)
[ˌspeɪs'taɪm] specialized
noun uncountable
■a part of Einstein's Theory of Relativity, which adds the idea of time to those of height, depth and length 时空（爱因斯坦相对论的部分内容，在三维空间上添加了时间）
adj. [相对] 时空的
 - spatio-temporal

Word: redneck
Front: redneck
[ˈrednek] (17332/43146)
Back: n. 乡下人，农人
分布：农人(100%)
→red,红色的，neck,脖子。比喻用法。
['red.nek] mainly US informal
noun countable
■a poor white person without education, especially one living in the countryside in the southern US, who has prejudiced (= unfair and unreasonable) ideas and beliefs （尤指美国南部农村地区偏执的）乡巴佬，农民，红脖人
n. 乡下人；红脖子（指美国南方保守的露天劳动者）
 - peasant, provincial, countryman

Word: copious
Front: copious
[ˈkəʊpiəs] (宝 17362/14520 -1)
Vocabulary: copious
(once / 1100 pages)
adj
If you have a copious amount of something, you have a lot of it. If you take copious notes, you'll do well when it comes time for review sessions — unless you can't read your own handwriting.
Copious comes from the Latin copia, meaning "abundance." You can use copious for something quantitative, like your copious admirers, or for something qualitative, like the copious gratitude you feel for your admirers. You will often see the word amounts following copious since the adjective is often used to modify a measurement of something — like copious amounts of wine or copious amounts of hair gel.
WORD FAMILY
copious: copiousest, copiously, copiousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sigler recalled visiting the property for a Labor Day picnic last year and “drinking copious amounts of Russian vodka.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Along with the milk, I hope Duterte will be enjoying warm Christmas cookies baked with a copious amount of catnip.
Salon(Dec 24, 2016)
Most of the show’s copious information is printed on Douglas fir panels that dominate the exhibition.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 丰富的; 大量的; 多产的; 冗长的
分布：丰富的(55%)，大量的(45%)
→来自copy, 复印，大量的。
大量的[cop=abundance(丰富)]
【记】cop作为词根是丰富的意思copi＝copy，ous多：copy的太多了－丰富多产的
【参】opulent（adj 富裕的；丰饶的）
【反】sparse（adj 稀少的；稀疏的）；dearth（n 缺乏）
US ['koʊ-] adjective
■in large amounts; more than enough 大量的，丰富的；过量的
• They drank copious amounts of wine. 他们喝了好多酒。
• He took copious notes during the lecture. 他上课时作了大量笔记。
adj. 丰富的；很多的；多产的
 - abundant, numerous, productive, full, plenty

Word: rater
Front: rater
['reɪtə] (17475/-)
Back: n. 定价人
分布：估价人(50%)，某一等级之人或物(50%)
n. 估价者；评定等级的人
 - valuer, quoter

Word: ineffectual
Front: ineffectual
[ˌɪnɪˈfektʃuəl] (宝 17367/14052 -1)
Vocabulary: ineffectual
(once / 1413 pages)
adj
If you are a coach with a losing team that doesn't listen to you, don't be surprised if you are called ineffectual. It means too weak to produce the desired effect.
Ineffectual as a word is similar to ineffective, but while ineffective implies that something simply doesn't work, ineffectual carries with it the idea of weakness too. A broken baseball bat is ineffective, a baseball bat made out of felt? Ineffectual.
WORD FAMILY
ineffectual: ineffectuality, ineffectually, ineffectualness+/ effectual: effectuality, effectually, effectualness, ineffectual /ineffectuality: ineffectualities
USAGE EXAMPLES
For many Taiwanese, the Republic of China, Taiwan’s official name, is a figleaf for independence; Sun is an old ineffectual ghost.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
Europe is being swept by populist fury, much of it directed at the European Union — at its centralizing tendencies and its often ineffectual results.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
It’s a staff that, on balance, considers the agency’s commissioners bickering blowhards, top managers ineffectual, career prospects bleak and work environment dreary.
Salon(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 无效的，不起作用的; 徒劳无益的
n. 无用的人; 无一技之长者
分布：无益的(60%)，白费的(40%)
→in-,不，非，effectual,有效的。
[ˌɪn.ɪ'fek.tju.əl] formal
adjective
■not skilled at achieving, or not able to produce, good results 无能力的；不起作用的，无效果的
• an ineffectual leader 无能的领袖
• The teachers were ineffectual at maintaining discipline. 这些老师无力维持纪律。
adj. 无效的，不起作用的；徒劳无益的
 - useless, invalid
n. 无用的人；无一技之长者
 - nebbish, lame duck

Word: shackle
Front: shackle
[ˈʃækl] (托宝 17357/19752 -1)
Vocabulary: shackle
(once / 2134 pages)
nv
Handcuffs are shackles. So are those leg irons some prisoners wear when they appear in court. In other words, a shackle is a restraint, either physical or psychological, that restricts movement.
We generally think of shackles as some sort of heavy metal cuff that is used to keep prisoners in check. But shackles don't have to be physical. Ignorance can be a shackle, so can an abusive family member, or the economy. In those cases, shackles are an external force that keep you from doing or being everything you want to. You can't see those shackles, but they can be every bit as confining as the metal cuffs.
WORD FAMILY
shackle: shackled, shackles, shackling+/shackled: unshackled
USAGE EXAMPLES
Shackles were attached to one of his legs.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Next door to the clinic was a detention center where prisoners were shackled, tortured and starved to death, she said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Rasel was shackled and kept in the blanket throughout the flight to Bangladesh, more than 30 hours with stops.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 手铐，脚镣; 束缚; [机]钩环; [电]绝缘器
vt. 束缚，加枷锁; 妨碍，阻碍; 给…上手铐; [电]在…装绝缘器
时态：shackled, shackling, shackles
分布：束缚(52%)，镣铐(16%)，脚镣(14%)，手铐(12%)，束缚物(3%)，给...戴上镣铐(3%)
→来自古英语 sceacel,镣铐，脚链，来自 Proto-Germanic*skakulaz,镣铐，脚链，来自 skek, 摇晃，词源同 shake.-le,工具格后缀。
【记】shackle戴在脚上shake（v 摇晃）
【反】emancipate（v 释放）；loose（v 释放）
verb transitive
■If you are shackled by something, you are unable to do what you want to do because of this thing 阻挠，束缚
• The government is shackled by its own debts. 政府为其债务所困。
n. 束缚；桎梏； [法] 脚镣
 - chain, restriction, cord
vt. 束缚；加枷锁
 - chain, bound

Word: upshot
Front: upshot
[ˈʌpʃɒt] (17364/14268)
Vocabulary: upshot
(once / 3912 pages)
n
The upshot of an action is the end result, whatever happens last as a consequence of the original action. The upshot of reading this sentence is that you will understand what the word upshot means.
In the 16th century, the last arrow launched in an archery competition was called the upshot. Like that final arrow, the upshot is the conclusion, the outcome. Sure, you can eat ice cream really fast, but the upshot is that you’ll have a brain freeze. The upshot of eating ice cream slowly is that it will melt. Decisions, decisions.
WORD FAMILY
upshot: upshots
USAGE EXAMPLES
The upshot is that mayoral candidates who qualify for public financing are likely to end up with about $379,000 during the campaign.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
She gained 17 points among white postgraduates, according to Upshot estimates, but just four points among whites with a bachelor’s degree.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
The upshot of all this is an online information stream in China where nothing is considered to be authoritative.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 结果
分布：结果(82%)，结局(12%)，要点(6%)
→来自射箭行话，最后一射，引申词义结局。
【记】up上，shot射箭。原指：射箭比赛的最后一射
N-SING
（通常指意外的）结果，结局
The upshot of a series of events or discussions is the final result of them, usually a surprising result.
例：The upshot is that we have lots of good but not very happy employees...结果是我们有很多优秀然而却不太快乐的员工。
例：So the upshot is we're going for lunch on Friday.结果是我们周五一起去吃午餐。
n. 结果，结局；要点
 - outcome, product, result, conclusion, event

Word: assertiveness
Front: assertiveness
[ə'sɜ:tɪvnəs] (宝 17462/15982)
Back: n. 过份自信，武断
分布：自信(84%)，果断(16%)
【反】diffidence（n 缺乏自信）；brassy（adj 厚脸皮的）－unassertive（adj 谦逊的）
ADJ-GRADED
观点明确的；坚决主张的
Someone who is assertive states their needs and opinions clearly, so that people take notice.
例：Women have become more assertive in the past decade.女性在过去十年中已变得更加自信。
例：...an assertive style of management.果断的管理作风
n. 魄力，自信
 - force, self-confidence

Word: adaptability
Front: adaptability
[əˌdæptə'bɪlətɪ] (17278/16141)
Vocabulary: adaptability
(once / 6345 pages)
n
If someone is equally able to live on an iceberg, in a desert, and on top of a mountain, you could say that she has a lot of adaptability. This means she is able to make changes in response to her environment.
The ability to adapt, or adaptability, is a great quality to have if you are an employee of a company that is going through a lot of changes or if you are an animal in nature, having to weather different seasons, or climate changes. You could say that some chameleons, which change color to blend into their surroundings, have a high level of adaptability.
WORD FAMILY
adaptability: adaptabilities+/ adapt: adaptable, adaptation, adaptative, adapted, adapter, adapting, adaption, adaptive, adaptor, adapts, readapt / adaptable: adaptability, adaptably, unadaptable/ adaptation: adaptational, adaptations/adapted: unadapted/ adapter: adapters/adaption: adaptions/ adaptive: adaptively, nonadaptive/adaptor: adaptors/ readapt: readapted, readapting, readapts/unadaptable: unadaptability
USAGE EXAMPLES
Carlsen is known for his adaptability, which enables a flair for the unpredictable not commonly seen among top players.
The Guardian(Nov 17, 2016)
Immigrants live in a suspended state between opposition and assimilation, and this requires a kind of toughness and adaptability.
Slate(Nov 09, 2016)
Consequently, they are able to stably colonize a host, and the adaptability of the prion strain ensemble might be essential to such effective colonization.
Nature(Nov 08, 2016)
Back: n. 适应性; 合用性
分布：适应性(100%)
适应能力(adapt适应)可靠性[-ability表名词"能…;性质"]
ADJ-GRADED
有适应能力的;能适应的;适应性强的
If you describe a person or animal as adaptable, you mean that they are able to change their ideas or behaviour in order to deal with new situations.
例：...a more adaptable and skilled workforce...一支适应能力及技能更强的劳动大军
例：They are adaptable foragers that learn to survive on a wide range of food sources.它们是适应能力很强的觅食者，赖以生存的食物来源很广。
n. 适应性；可变性；适合性
 - flexibility, fitness, applicability

Word: penitentiary
Front: penitentiary
[ˌpenɪˈtenʃəri] (17346/37321)
Vocabulary: penitentiary
(once / 2187 pages)
nadj
A penitentiary is a prison for big-time criminals convicted of big-time crimes. Commit a serious crime like a murder and you won't just go to jail; you'll be sent to the penitentiary.
Penitentiary comes from the Latin paenitentia, meaning "repentance." A penitentiary is a place you are sent to make repentance for a crime committed. Penitentiary can also be used as an adjective to describe something done to show penance, as in the penitentiary scarlet "A" on Hester Prynne's chest. In the Roman Catholic Church, a penitentiary is a priest who administers the sacrament of penance, or hears people's confessions.
WORD FAMILY
penitentiary: penitentiaries+/ impenitent: impenitence, impenitency, impenitently/ penitence: penitences, penitential, penitentiary / penitent: impenitent, penitence, penitently, penitents/penitential: penitentially
USAGE EXAMPLES
In October of 1992, heavily armed military police stormed the penitentiary to quell a riot, spurring charges of indiscriminate killing by authorities.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
The aging penitentiary in Pontiac, where he was held while awaiting a court hearing, was worse.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
In the program there is a list of rules participating inmates are held accountable to beyond the basic rules of the penitentiary.
Washington Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. <美>监狱
adj. 用作教养的，感化（院）的，教养所的
分布：监狱(79%)，宗教裁判所(9%)，改过的(4%)，惩罚的(4%)，感化的(4%)
→来自penitent,悔罪的，忏悔的，-ary,表地方。原为宗教术语，指冒犯神或教会后忏悔的地方，后引申词义监狱。
监狱;感化院(penitent后悔)[-ary 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人,场所,物"]
US [-tʃə.ri:] noun countable US for a prison (= building in which criminals are kept) 监狱
adj. 应处监禁的；监禁的；忏悔的（等于penitential）
 - jailed
n. 监狱；教养所；宗教裁判所
 - prison, jail

Word: tantalizing
Front: tantalizing
['tæntəlaɪzɪŋ] (17372/35345)
Vocabulary: tantalizing
(once / 3445 pages)
adj
Something tantalizing is tempting: like a meal that smells amazing and makes you want to eat it. Tantalizing things are very appealing.
When something is tantalizing, it makes you want it, even if it's totally out of reach. An exciting movie trailer could be tantalizing if it makes you want to see the movie. A little part of a song can be tantalizing if it tempts you to hear more. Smells — when they're good smells — can be very tantalizing. Just walking through a good restaurant, smelling and looking at the food, is a tantalizing experience.
WORD FAMILY
tantalizing: tantalizingly+/tantalization: tantalizations/ tantalize: tantalization, tantalized, tantalizer, tantalizes, tantalizing /tantalizer: tantalizers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Watson threw for one touchdown and rushed for two, but his most tantalizing play was neither.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 01, 2017)
Last spring the band rolled into Le Poisson Rouge to provide a tantalizing preview of its third album, “The Constant,” which was released in August.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
And even if they do, there are tantalizing financial incentives to stay put.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 逗人的; 惹弄人的; 撩人的; 煽情的
v. 逗弄，引诱，折磨( tantalize的现在分词 )
分布：诱人的(81%)，逗人的(13%)，动词tantalize的现在分词形式.(6%)
US [-ə-] adjective
■describes something that causes desire and excitement in you, but which is unlikely to provide a way of satisfying that desire 逗引性的；挑逗性的
• I caught a tantalizing glimpse of the sparkling blue sea through the trees. 透过树丛，我瞥见了令我心驰神往波光粼粼的蔚蓝色大海。
adj. 撩人的；逗引性的；干着急的
 - voluptuous

Word: mating
Front: mating
[ˈmeɪtɪŋ] (12777/16269)
Back: n. 交配
分布：交配(99%)，动词mate的现在分词.(1%)
→来自mate,交配，-ing,动名词后缀。
N-COUNT
伙伴，朋友(尤指男性之间)
You can refer to someone's friends as their mates, especially when you are talking about a man and his male friends.
例：He's off drinking with his mates...他跟哥儿们出去喝酒了。
例：A mate of mine used to play soccer for Liverpool.我的一个朋友在利物浦队踢过球。
N-VOC
(用于男性之间的称呼)老兄，老弟
Some men use mate as a way of addressing other men when they are talking to them.
例：Come on mate, things aren't that bad.别灰心，兄弟，事情没那么糟。
N-COUNT
配偶;性伙伴
Someone's wife, husband, or sexual partner can be referred to as their mate .
例：He has found his ideal mate.他找到了理想的伴侣。
例：...as women do become as powerful in the marketplace as their mates.随着女人在商界的确变得和男人一样强大
N-COUNT
(动物的)配偶，交配对象
An animal's mate is its sexual partner.
例：The males guard their mates zealously.雄性动物死死地守护着他们的配偶。
V-RECIP
交配;交尾
When animals mate, a male and a female have sex in order to produce young.
例：This allows the pair to mate properly and stops the hen staying in the nest-box...这样可以使这对公鸡和母鸡正常交配，让母鸡不再呆在鸡窝里。
例：They want the males to mate with wild females...他们希望这些雄性动物可以和野生的雌性动物交配。
N-COUNT
(商船上的)大副；（亦指）船员
On a commercial ship, the mate or the first mate is the most important officer except for the captain. Officers of lower rank are also called mates .
例：...the mate of a fishing trawler.拖网渔船上的大副
N-COUNT
(美国海军的)军士
In the United States Navy, a mate is a petty officer who has a particular set of skills and who assists a warrant officer.
N-UNCOUNT
(象棋中) 同 checkmate
In chess, mate is the same as checkmate .
n. （动物等的） [生物] 交配，交尾；配套；（植物等的）杂交
 - crossing, copulation

Word: molester
Front: molester
[mə'lestə] (17302/36414)
Back: n. 猥亵者；性骚扰者
分布：性骚扰者(100%)
VERB
对（尤指女性或儿童）进行性骚扰;猥亵
A person who molests someone, especially a woman or a child, interferes with them in a sexual way against their will.
例：He was accused of sexually molesting a female colleague.他被指控对一位女同事进行性骚扰。

Word: blackmail
Front: blackmail
[ˈblækmeɪl] (研托宝 17169/11953 -1)
Vocabulary: blackmail
(once / 2111 pages)
nv
To blackmail someone is to use secret information to get something from them, usually money. Blackmailing is a crime.
Blackmail is a type of threat. For example, if a politician's assistant knew the politician was having an affair, the assistant could blackmail the politician by threatening to tell the press. Blackmailers usually want money in return for keeping something a secret, but an employee with dirt on a boss could blackmail the boss to get a promotion. Anyone making threats and demands in return for keeping a secret is engaged in blackmail.
WORD FAMILY
blackmail: blackmailed, blackmailer, blackmailing, blackmails+/blackmailer: blackmailers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The centre will also train civil servants to avoid blackmail and resist foreign lobbying.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
He “sort of blackmailed them into putting these pictures into the magazine,” she said.
New York Times(Dec 19, 2016)
It wasn’t the Russians who decided to run a presidential campaign that offered people nothing but blackmail—“vote for us or Dangerous Donald wins.”
Slate(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 敲诈，勒索; （盗匪征收的）保护费，免抢税
vt. 胁迫，勒索，敲诈，讹诈
时态：blackmailed, blackmailing, blackmails
分布：勒索(44%)，敲诈(35%)，讹诈(21%)
→black, 黑，此处指邪恶。mail, 此处指租金，贡金。来自16世纪苏格兰一些土匪向当地农民强制收租，类似保护费。
n.讹诈,敲诈,勒索;胁迫,恫吓It's nothing but a blackmail.这简直是勒索.
【记】black黑，mail信－寄黑信－敲诈
noun uncountable
 ADVANCED
■when you get money from people or force them to do something by threatening to tell a secret of theirs or to harm them 敲诈，勒索，讹诈
• In a position of authority, a weakness for the opposite sex leaves you open to blackmail. 处在领导岗位的人，容易因对异性的偏爱而被人计算。
['blæk.meɪl] verb transitive
 ADVANCED
■to get money from someone by blackmail 勒索，敲诈
• They used the photographs to blackmail her into spying for them. 他们用这些照片勒索她为他们提供情报。
n. 勒索， [法] 敲诈；勒索所得之款
 - extortion, chantage
vt. 勒索， [法] 敲诈
 - shake down, shark up

Word: dispersed
Front: dispersed
[dɪ'spɜ:st] (17317/15821 -1)
Vocabulary: dispersed
(once / 712 pages)
adj
The adjective dispersed can describe anything that's spread across a distance. You might use the Internet to stay in touch with your dispersed family, who live everywhere from Maine to California.
The Latin root of dispersed is dispersus, meaning "to scatter." Anything that's distributed or spread out can be described as dispersed, used either as an adjective or a verb. Seeds that are planted evenly across a huge field are dispersed. When a crowd of people gathered in one place all leave, heading in different directions from where they met, you can say they dispersed.
WORD FAMILY
dispersed: dispersedly+/ dispersal: dispersals/ disperse: dispersal, dispersed, disperses, dispersing, dispersion, dispersive/ dispersion: dispersions/dispersive: dispersively
USAGE EXAMPLES
The crowd dispersed and arriving police found the man dead from a gunshot wound just outside the recreation building.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The “whatnots” are dispersed throughout the shop and include silverware, ceramics, clothing, books and trinkets.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
The mercury got a boost from a record-challenging El Niño event, a cyclical warming of the tropical Pacific, which dispersed heat around the globe.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 分散的; 被驱散的
v. （使）分散(disperse的过去式和过去分词); 传播
分布：被驱散的(44%)，散布的(28%)，被分散的(28%)
ADJ-GRADED
分散的;散布的
Things that are dispersed are situated in many different places, a long way apart from each other.
例：...his widely dispersed businesses...他的布局广泛的企业网点
例：They live high in the Andes, in small and dispersed groups.他们零星散居在安第斯山脉的高处。
adj. 散布的；被分散的；被驱散的
 - disseminative, diffused
v. 分散；传播（disperse的过去分词）
 - diffused

Word: oeuvre
Front: oeuvre
[ˈɜ:vrə] (17318/24983)
Vocabulary: oeuvre
(once / 6892 pages)
n
The oeuvre of a writer or artist refers to all their work combined. Writing one book isn't much of an oeuvre, but writing ten could be.
This is a French word often used by critics — people who comment on the work of writers, painters, musicians, and other artists. An oeuvre is the total output of an artist. Just like critics give a thumbs up or down to a single movie, they give opinions on oeuvres as well. You could say a band's current album stinks, but since they've made great music for 10 years, they still have an impressive oeuvre.
WORD FAMILY
oeuvre: oeuvres
USAGE EXAMPLES
They also created Molly, who is not part of the Conan Doyle oeuvre.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
“Assassin's Creed” will be polarizing, but it's fascinating as an entry in Kurzel's oeuvre.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
But even those less well-versed in the oeuvres of David Cronenberg and David Simon will find something to relate to in Stars Hollow.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: n. 全部作品
分布：全部作品(100%)
→来自法语oeuvre,作品，来自拉丁语opera,作品，词源同opus,operable.后用于指作品全集。
literary
noun countable usually singular
■the complete works of a writer, painter or other artist （作家、画家或其他艺术家的）全部作品，作品全集
• Sadly, I'm not familiar with his oeuvre. 遗憾的是，我对他的作品不很熟悉。

Word: backtrack
Front: backtrack
[ˈbæktræk] (17377/21946)
Vocabulary: backtrack
(once / 18073 pages)
v
When you backtrack, you return somewhere you've already been, or retrace steps you've already taken. You might backtrack to find something you lost on your way down the sidewalk.
When you walk out the door and realize you must have put your keys down somewhere, you'll probably backtrack through your house, looking for them. You can also backtrack in a figurative way, changing an opinion or a stance on something: "The city promised to build a new library, but now that the budget is so tight I bet they'll backtrack" The original use of the word referred to a technique in fox hunting.
WORD FAMILY
backtrack: backtracked, backtracking, backtracks
USAGE EXAMPLES
He moves casually around his idling co-shoppers, traversing the aisles with minimal backtracking.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
After the raid, officials backtracked until prosecutors issued orders to release him.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Earlier this year, though, Joyner, 58, backtracked, writing in Sports Illustrated that “if I am lucky, a legitimate sub-two-hour marathon will happen in my lifetime.”
Washington Post(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: vi. 走原路; 由原路返回; 改变主意; 取消诺言
vt. 追踪; 循迹调查
时态：backtracked, backtracking, backtracks
分布：由原路返回(58%)，走回头路(42%)
verb intransitive
GO BACK 返回
■to go back along a path you have just followed 走回头路，原路返回
• We went the wrong way and had to backtrack till we got to the right turning. 我们走错了路，只好原路返回，直到找该转弯的地方。
['bæk.træk] verb intransitive
CHANGE OPINION 改变意见
■to say that you did not mean something you said earlier or say that you have changed your opinion 收回说法；改变意见
• [+ speech] "All right, " he backtracked, "It's possible that I was mistaken." “好吧，”他改变了态度，说：“可能是我错了。”
• The officers were forced to backtrack on their statements. 这些军官被迫收回他们的声明。
• She refused to backtrack from her criticisms of the proposal. 她拒绝收回对该建议所做的批评。
vi. [计] 回溯；由原路返回；放弃
 - remount to, give away
vt. 追踪；循迹调查
 - trail, follow up on

Word: staple
Front: staple
[ˈsteɪpl] (研托雅宝 7008/9461 -2)
Vocabulary: staple
(once / 986 pages)
1nadj 2nv
Bread. Milk. Gasoline. Xboxes. What do these all have in common? They're all a staple of most people's consumption — basic products for which there will always be a demand.
Staple also has the broader more abstract sense of being anything that's popular or necessary. A staple of the political scene is partisan bickering; a staple of Broadway theater is the musical revival. And let's not forget another meaning — those handy little metal clasps that hold things together. Though most people wouldn't consider a staple a staple.
WORD FAMILY
staple: stapled, stapler, staples, stapling, unstaple+/stapler: staplers
USAGE EXAMPLES
An uneven 109-98 victory over the lowly Suns in Staples Center would hardly classify as a “fix.”
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
To ward off atrophy, buy a drawer organizer, suggested Ms. Lowenheim, who uses expandable drawer organizers from Staples in her own home.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
It wowed the Staples Center crowd and offered a glimpse of Ingram’s potential.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 主要产品; 钉书钉，U 形钉; 主题，主要部份; 主食
vt. 用钉书钉钉住
adj. 最基本的，最重要的
时态：stapled, stapling, staples
分布：主要的(61%)，重要的(32%)，用订书机装订(7%)
→来自盎格鲁法语 estaple 市场，特指官方指定的销售某些特定商品的市场，来自古法语 estaple,
n.主要产品;名产;纤维;主要成分,主食Coffee is the staple of this district.咖啡是这个地区的主要产品.
verb transitive
■to fasten something using staples 用钉书钉钉住
• Would you mind stapling the reports together ? 你能把报告用订书机订好吗？
['steɪ.pl] noun countable
WIRE 金属丝
■a short thin piece of wire used to fasten sheets of paper together. It has sharp ends which are pushed through the paper and then bent flat by a special device. 订书针
■a U-shaped piece of metal with sharp ends which is hammered into a surface to hold something, such as a wire fence, in a particular position U 形钉（如 U 形电线卡）
['steɪ.pl] noun countable
BASIC 基本的
■a main product or part of something 主要产品，或某物的主要部分
• Shortages mean that even staples (= basic foods) like bread are difficult to find. 物资短缺意味着连面包之类的主食都难觅踪影。
• Phosphate has been a staple of this area for many years. 磷酸盐多年来一直是这一地区的主要产品。
• Romantic fiction and reference books are a staple of many public libraries. 言情小说和工具书是很多公共图书馆的主要藏书。
['steɪ.pl] adjective [before noun]
■basic or main; standard or regular 基本的，主要的；标准的，常规的
• The staple diet here is mutton, fish and boiled potatoes. 这里以羊肉、鱼和煮马铃薯为主食。
• Prices of staple foods such as wheat and vegetables have also been increasing. 小麦、蔬菜等主要食品的价格也一直在上涨。
• Her latest film is the staple offering of action and comedy which we have come to expect. 她的最新影片，如同我们所预料的一样，又是一贯的动作加喜剧。
n. [贸易] 主要产品； [轻] 订书钉；主题
 - topic, theme, subject, main products
adj. 主要的，大宗生产的；常用的；纺织纤维的
 - primary, major, central, main, leading
vt. 把…分级；钉住
 - pin up, nail up

Word: enchanting
Front: enchanting
[ɪnˈtʃɑ:ntɪŋ] (17378/14960 -1)
Vocabulary: enchanting
(once / 1596 pages)
adj
Something that's enchanting is charming and delightful. You might be surprised and pleased by the enchanting view from the window in your hotel room.
When something is enchanting, it's a pleasure to look at, almost as if it's put a spell on you. Some actresses have such enchanting faces that audiences will sit through terrible movies just to gaze at them. If your grandmother describes a little boy with enchanting manners, she means he was delightfully polite and lovely to talk to. The Old French enchanter, "bewitch or cast a spell," is at the root of enchanting, from the Latin incantare, "cast a spell on."
WORD FAMILY
enchanting: enchantingly+/disenchant: disenchanted, disenchanting, disenchantment, disenchants/ disenchanted: disenchantedly/ disenchantment: disenchantments/ enchant: disenchant, enchanted, enchanter, enchanting, enchantment, enchants/ enchanted: enchantedly/enchanter: enchanters/ enchantment: enchantments
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was an enchanting way to launch the rest of the school day.
The New Yorker(Dec 28, 2016)
Her voice is enchanting and this sprawling collection of funky electronics and sweet retro R&B flourishes is bright.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
It is a contemplative concert work — utterly mesmerizing, despite modern-leaning harmonies — and enchanting.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 使人喜悦的; 妩媚的; 迷人的
v. 使欣喜，使心醉(enchant的现在分词); 使迷惑
分布：迷人的(97%)，动词enchant的现在分词.(3%)
US [-'tʃæn.tˌɪŋ] adjective
■very pleasant 使人喜悦的；令人陶醉的；迷人的
• It's described in the guide book as 'an enchanting medieval city'. 旅游指南将它描述为“一座迷人的中世纪古城”。
adj. 迷人的；妩媚的
 - killing, taking, engaging, charming, fascinating
v. 使迷惑（enchant的ing形式）
 - confusing, puzzling

Word: self-awareness
Front: self-awareness
[ˌselfəˈweənis] None
Back: n. 自我意识
分布：自我意识(100%)
US [-'wer-] noun uncountable
■good knowledge and judgment about yourself 自知；自明；自我意识
n. 自我意识
 - ego

Word: inordinate
Front: inordinate
[ɪnˈɔ:dɪnət] (托宝 17393/19084 -1)
Vocabulary: inordinate
(once / 2180 pages)
adj
Something that's excessive or that goes way beyond normal limits is inordinate — like an overly obsessive love for chocolate or a fantasy football junkie who spends an inordinate amount of time checking his team.
The adjective inordinate is the exact opposite of "reasonable" and "moderate." In fact, when you call something inordinate, you're saying it's downright exorbitant and out of proportion. It's often used to describe abnormal amounts of time spent doing something — playing video games at work or canoodling with your girlfriend at school, for example. But as Oscar Wilde once said, “An inordinate passion for pleasure is the secret of remaining young.”
WORD FAMILY
inordinate: inordinately, inordinateness+/ordinate: inordinate, ordinated, ordinates, ordinating
USAGE EXAMPLES
And they put inordinate weight on what appeared in the daily book around the time of a national security incident.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
She chronicles the inordinate tragedy Benson experienced in his life, the early deaths of two children, two wives and three brothers.
Washington Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Delta’s decision really shouldn’t be a story, yet it seems to have garnered an inordinate amount of press.
The Guardian(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 过度的; 无节制的; 紊乱的; 奢
分布：过度的(66%)，非常的(23%)，无法无天的(11%)
→in-,不，非，-ord,排列，秩序，限度，词源同order,ordinary.即超过了限度的，引申词义过度的。
过度的,无节制的(in无+ordin+ate→无顺序的→过度的)[ordin=order,表示"命令,顺序"]
【记】in没有，ordin＝order（n 规矩；顺序；正常），ate－紊乱的
US [ˌɪn'ɔ:r-] formal
adjective
■much more than usual or expected 过度的
• Margot has always spent an inordinate amount of time on her appearance. 玛戈总是花很多时间打扮自己。
adj. 过度的；无节制的；紊乱的
 - unreasonable, undue

Word: downsizing
Front: downsizing
['daʊnsaɪzɪŋ] (17314/-)
Back: v. 以较小尺寸设计（或制造），缩小（汽车等的）外部尺寸( downsize的现在分词 )
分布：缩小规模(80%)，动词downsize的现在分词.(20%)
VERB
使精简;使缩小;使小型化
To downsize something such as a business or industry means to make it smaller.
例：American manufacturing organizations have been downsizing their factories.美国制造商们一直在缩小他们工厂的规模。
例：...today's downsized economy.当今规模变小的经济
n. 精简，裁员；缩小规模
 - compaction, redundancy

Word: petitioner
Front: petitioner
[pəˈtɪʃənə(r)] (宝 17248/16478)
Back: n. 请求人，请愿人; <英>离婚案原告
分布：请愿人(69%)，离婚案原告(31%)
→来自petition,请愿。
请愿者(petition+er)[pet=seek,表示"追寻,寻求"]
【记】pet追求，ition，er人：追求的人－请愿人
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■a person who organizes or signs a petition 请愿者；请愿书签名人
legal
■a person who is requesting action from a court of law 诉愿人，上诉人

Word: cusp
Front: cusp
[kʌsp] (17389/27384)
Vocabulary: cusp
(once / 11365 pages)
1n 2n 3n
A cusp in geometry is the point where two curves meet. It's a kind of transition. If you're on the cusp of manhood, you’re not quite grown up, but you’re definitely not a little boy anymore either.
The word comes from Latin cuspis, "point." You'll see lots of cusps in Gothic churches — a point where two arches meet, or where decorative curves meet to form a point. The little points that stick out on the surface of your teeth that are flat on top — the ones you use for grinding — are also called cusps. Those teeth right behind your canine teeth but before your molars have two cusps, and they're called bicuspids.
WORD FAMILY
cusp: cusps
USAGE EXAMPLES
Even the diary bits are not very revealing, being the moody musings, including poetry, of a young woman on the cusp of 20 years old.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
And then there is Kasia Galdyn, from Poland, who is on the cusp of cooking her first Christmas dinner in the UK.
BBC(Dec 23, 2016)
“We are on the cusp of a revolution,” Mark Fields, Ford’s chief executive, said at the Los Angeles Auto Show in November.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 尖头，尖端; 滩嘴; 歧点; 牙齿
分布：尖端(64%)，尖头(25%)，交点(11%)
→来自sker, 切，砍，词源同shear,carnal.
noun only singular
■the dividing line between two very different things 分界线
• on the cusp of adulthood 即将成年
n. 尖头；尖端
 - sharp, tip, apex

Word: diplomatically
Front: diplomatically
[ˌdɪplə'mætɪklɪ] (17383/20282)
Back: adv. 外交上，外交地
分布：圆滑地(67%)，练达地(33%)
ADJ
外交的;外交官的
Diplomatic means relating to diplomacy and diplomats.
例：...before the two countries resume full diplomatic relations...在两国恢复全面的外交关系之前
例：Efforts are being made to avert war and find a diplomatic solution...各方正在为避免战争、寻求外交解决途径而作出积极的努力。
ADJ-GRADED
有手腕的;讲究策略的;圆滑的;婉转的
Someone who is diplomatic is able to be careful to say or do things without offending people.
例：She is very direct. I tend to be more diplomatic, I suppose.她人很直，我觉得我更婉转一些。
adv. 在外交上；靠外交途径；圆滑地；婉转地
 - oilily

Word: lurch
Front: lurch
[lɜ:tʃ] (托宝 9145/10501 -1)
Vocabulary: lurch
(once / 1269 pages)
1vn 2vn 3nv
To lurch is to suddenly move — usually forward. If you are on a ship that lurches a lot during a storm, you may find your body lurching in one direction and your stomach going in the opposite one.
The verb lurch can refer to any abrupt movement, but it often has the sense of a sharp turn up, down, or sideways. If you invest in the stock market, you have to be prepared for sudden losses and gains as the stock market can lurch up or down on a whim. The verb also means to make sudden jerking movements when walking, as if you cannot control your movements.
WORD FAMILY
lurch: lurched, lurcher, lurches, lurching+/lurcher: lurchers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Meryl Streep received an Oscar nomination for playing Suzanne Vale, an aspiring actress whose life lurched from emergency to emergency.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
This month its 31 million people lurched a big step closer to that breaking point, thanks to another senseless decree by its autocratic populist government.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
His hand jerked and the chopper lurched downward.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vi. 蹒跚而行，颠簸着行进; 摇晃
n. 突然倾斜; 挫折
时态：lurched, lurching, lurches
分布：突然倾斜(80%)，举步蹒跚(12%)，蹒跚地走(8%)
→来自中古英语lurch,一种棋盘游戏，来自luren,等待，潜藏，埋伏，词源同lour,lurk.比较poke.lurch 倾斜，摇晃，蹒跚而行
【记】读：乐吃－一边乐一边吃一边走就会蹒跚而行
【反】progress smoothly（平滑前进）
US [lɝ:tʃ] verb
intransitive
■to move in a way that is not regular or normal, especially making sudden movements backwards or forwards or from side to side 摇晃，晃动；（尤指）突然倾斜
• The train lurched forward and some of the people standing fell over. 火车突然向前晃动了一下，一些站着的人跌倒了。
intransitive + adverb or preposition
■to act or continue in away that is uncontrolled and not regular, often with sudden changes 蹒跚，踉跄，磕磕绊绊
• We seem to lurch from crisis to crisis. 我们似乎总是跌跌撞撞，危机不断。
• She just lurches from one bad relationship to another. 她情路坎坷，一次次地失恋。
UK [lɜ:tʃ] US [lɝ:tʃ] noun countable
■a sudden movement or change that is not smooth or normal 突然的倾斜、摇晃或改变
• The truck gave a sudden lurch as it was hit by a strong gust of wind. 一阵强风袭来，货车突然摇晃了一下。
• The party's lurch (= sudden change) to the left will lose it a lot of support. 该党突然转向左派将会失去很多人的支持。
n. 突然倾斜；蹒跚；挫折
 - frustration, setback
vi. 倾斜；蹒跚
 - pitch, slope, lean
vt. 击败
 - defeat, down

Word: disavow
Front: disavow
[ˌdɪsəˈvaʊ] (宝 17395/23397)
Vocabulary: disavow
(once / 3364 pages)
v
To disavow is to deny support for someone or something. You might feel dissed if your biggest donor decides to suddenly disavow you in your run for president.
Disavow comes from a combination of the Old French prefix des- meaning "opposite of" and the word avoer meaning to "acknowledge, accept, recognize." When you disavow, you are doing the opposite of acknowledging or accepting. You're rejecting or denying. When you disavow something you've done in the past, you reject or deny what you've done.
WORD FAMILY
disavow: disavowable, disavowal, disavowed, disavowing, disavows+/ avow: avowal, avowed, avower, avowing, avows, disavow / avowal: avowals/avowed: avowedly, unavowed/avower: avowers/ disavowal: disavowals/unavowed: unavowedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
He was saying, “Everything that brought me to pop stardom I now disavow.”
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
She disavowed the American connotation and called herself pro-choice.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
He was slow to disavow an endorsement from David Duke, the former Ku Klux Klan leader.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 不承认，抵赖，拒绝对…承担责任
时态：disavowed, disavowing, disavows
分布：否认(91%)，不赞成(9%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。avow, 承认。
formal
verb transitive
■to say that you know nothing about something, or that you have no responsibility for or connection with something 声称对…一无所知；否认对…负有任何责任；声称与…毫无关联
• They were quick to disavow the rumour. 他们迅速否认与那些谣传有任何牵连。
• She tried to disavow her past. 她试图否认自己的过去。
vt. 否认，否定；抵赖；拒绝对…的责任
 - negative, deny

Word: knapsack
Front: knapsack
[ˈnæpsæk] (托 17327/34082)
Back: n. （士兵或旅行者的）背包
分布：背包(100%)
→knap,拟声词，拍打声，sack,包。比喻用法。
['næp.sæk] UK old-fashioned or US
noun countable
■a bag carried on the back or over the shoulder, usually quite small and made of cloth and leather, used especially by walkers or climbers for carrying food, clothes, etc. （徒步旅行者或登山者用的帆布或皮制的）小背包
n. 背包
 - pack, back-packing

Word: unwrap
Front: unwrap
[ʌnˈræp] (17368/23876 -1)
Back: vt. 打开; 散开
时态：unwrapped, unwrapping, unwraps
分布：打开(82%)，展开(18%)
[ʌn'ræp] (-pp-)
verb transitive
■to remove the paper or other covering from something 打开；拆开…的包装
• Aren't you going to unwrap your presents? 你不打算打开你的礼物吗？
vt. 打开
 - crack, open up, turn on

Word: non-white
Front: non-white
[nɒn waɪt] (-1)
Back: adj. 非白种（人）的
n. 非白种人
分布：非白种人(80%)，非白种人的(20%)
US [ˌnɑ:n-] usually offensive
noun countable
■a person who is not white 非白种人
• Non-whites were not welcome in the club. 这个俱乐部以往只欢迎白种人。

Word: head-to-head
Front: head-to-head
[ˈhedtəˈhed] None
Back: n. 肉搏战，白刃战
分布：肉搏战(50%)，白刃战(50%)
noun countable
■a direct competition between two people or teams 正面交锋
• a head-to-head contest 正面竞争
n. 白刃战；肉搏战；头接头
 - hand-to-hand combat

Word: celeb
Front: celeb
[səˈleb] (17241/40080)
Back: n. <俚>名人，著名人士，名流(celebrity的缩写)
分布：著名人士(100%)
noun countable informal short form of
■ celebrity
• A number of celebs attended the party. 几位名人参加了聚会。

Word: untitled
Front: untitled
[ˌʌnˈtaɪtld] (17258/25322)
Back: adj. 无标题的，无称号的，无权利的
分布：无标题的(48%)，无权利的(26%)，无称号的(26%)
ADJ
无标题的
If something such as a book, film, or song is untitled, it does not have a title.
例：The full-length feature, as yet untitled, will include interviews plus footage of their live gigs.这部尚未定名的正规长度影片将包括对他们的采访和他们现场表演的片段。
ADJ
无头衔的；无爵位的
Someone who is untitled does not have a title such as 'Sir' or 'Lord'.

Word: alderman
Front: alderman
[ˈɔ:ldəmən] (17294/16462)
Back: n. 市府参事，市议员
分布：总督(75%)，市参议员(25%)
→alder, 老的，old的比较级。指古时候部落宗族都由老人当政。比较senator, 参议员，原指老人。
市政议员[ald=old(老)]
US ['ɑ:l.dɚ-] noun countable
■in Britain, in the past, a member of a local government chosen by the other members （英国旧时的）高级市政官
■in the US, Australia and Canada, an elected member of a city government （美国、澳大利亚和加拿大的）市政委员会委员
n. 市议员；总督；市府参事；高级市政官
 - dey, doge

Word: homely
Front: homely
[ˈhəʊmli] (六宝 17381/11672 -1)
Vocabulary: homely
(once / 721 pages)
1adj 2adj
Homely describes someone who's plain or unattractive, like your homely Aunt Agnes or her squish-faced bulldog.
The adjective homely is a slightly more gentle word than ugly, with a meaning closer to "plain" than "hideous." It's almost always used to describe a less-than-attractive person, and occasionally an animal. If you were British, you'd use homely to mean "cozy and homelike," but in the United States you'd say "homey". Be careful not to confuse homey with homely, or you could accidentally hurt someone's feelings.
WORD FAMILY
homely: homelier, homeliest, homelily, homeliness+/homeliness: homelinesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
But it was that homely bowl of cabbage, pretty much ignored the evening before, that became a source of awe.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Life is shown to be homely, cute, and disgusting.
The New Yorker(Dec 15, 2016)
The tiny cramped chamber cycled to fill with air, and the inner door opened to reveal a surprisingly homely little room.
Nature(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: adj. <尤英>家常的; 平凡的; <美>（人）不好看的; 相貌平庸的
分布：平凡的(40%)，家常的(33%)，相貌平庸的(16%)，简单且好的(11%)
→home,家，-ly,形容词后缀。引申褒义词义家的，舒服的，贬义词义平凡的，相貌平庸的。
【记】home（n 家），ly－（形容词）家常的；朴素的家花不如野花香－不漂亮的
【反】pulchritude（n 美丽；标致）－homeliness
US ['hoʊm-] adjective
PLAIN 普通的 UK (US homey)
■plain or ordinary, but pleasant 普通的；朴实无华的
• The hotel was homely and comfortable. 这家饭店简洁朴素，令人感觉舒适惬意。
UK ['həʊm.li] US ['hoʊm-] adjective
UGLY 丑陋的 US disapproving
■describes a person who is ugly 长相难看的，丑陋的
adj. 家庭的；平凡的；不好看的
 - household, domestic, family, ordinary, stock

Word: flowering
Front: flowering
[ˈflaʊərɪŋ] (12253/12291)
Back: n. 开花; 兴盛时期; 成熟期; 饰以花
adj. 开花的; 有花的
分布：开花(86%)，开花的(13%)，极盛(1%)
N-UNCOUNT
(想法或艺术风格)成熟，风行，盛行
The flowering of something such as an idea or artistic style is the development of its popularity and success.
例：He may be happy with the flowering of new thinking, but he has yet to contribute much to it himself.他也许会对新思想的盛行感到高兴，但他本人并没有为此作出多大贡献。
例：...the flowering of creative genius.创造型天才的涌现
ADJ
开花的;有花的
Flowering shrubs, trees, or plants are those which produce noticeable flowers.
n. [植] 开花；饰以花
 - blossoming, anthesis
adj. [植] 开花的
 - inflorescent, blown

Word: informer
Front: informer
[ɪnˈfɔ:mə(r)] (宝 17392/15395 -1)
Back: n. 告密者; 通知者
分布：告密者(84%)，告发者(16%)
→来自inform,通知。引申词义线人。
【记】inform（v 通知；告知）
US [-'fɔ:r.mɚ] noun countable
■a person who gives information in secret, especially to the police 告密者，举报人；（尤指警方的）线人
• Most police informers receive a reward for their information. 大多数警方的线人都会因提供消息而获得报酬。
n. 告密者；通知者；控告人
 - confidential informant, tattletale

Word: full-service
Front: full-service
['fʊls'ɜ:vɪs] None
Back: 经营全部业务
分布：经营全部业务(100%)
US [-'sɝ:-] US
adjective [before noun]
■describes a business that provides customers with a complete range of services 提供整套服务的
• I need to find a good full-service bank. 我需要找一家能提供全面服务的银行。

Word: meteorological
Front: meteorological
[ˌmi:tɪərə'lɒdʒɪkl] (17336/15616 -1)
Vocabulary: meteorological
(once / 4429 pages)
adj
Something that's meteorological is related to the weather or changes in the Earth's atmosphere. If you're interested in a meteorological career, it means you'd like to be a meteorologist — a weather expert.
Meteorological events include things like fog, rain, tornadoes, and hurricanes. They are all caused by meteorological changes and shifts: in the temperature, air pressure, and amount of water vapor in the atmosphere. The word meteorological comes from the Greek root meteorologia, "discussion of high things," from meteor-, "thing high up," and logia, "the study of."
WORD FAMILY
meteorology: meteorologic, meteorological, meteorologies, meteorologist+/meteorologic: meteorologically/meteorologist: meteorologists
USAGE EXAMPLES
In fact, experts are getting better at the science of “climate attribution,” as a new report from the American Meteorological Society shows.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
In general, the major meteorological question about Dec. 25 is whether there is to be a White Christmas.
Washington Post(Dec 24, 2016)
Fiji's Meteorological Service said in a bulletin that the tropical depression driving the rain was now weakening.
Reuters(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 气象的
分布：气象的(100%)
US [-tˌi.ɚ.ə'lɑ:.dʒɪ-] adjective (informal met)
■relating to weather conditions 气象的
• Accurate meteorological records began 100 years ago. 准确的气象纪录始于100年前。

Word: idealize
Front: idealize
[aɪˈdi:əlaɪz] (17388/25259 -1)
Vocabulary: idealize
(once / 3400 pages)
v
When you idealize something, you think of it as being much better than it really is. You might idealize your beach vacation, completely forgetting that it rained almost every day.
If you idealize your favorite teacher, you imagine that he's even more wonderful than he actually is. Many people tend to idealize marriage, believing that simply being married will make them and their partners blissfully happy all the time. To idealize is to take an ordinary, flawed thing, and turn it into something ideal. In fact, ideal, or "perfect," is at the heart of idealize, with its root of the Latin idealis, or "existing in idea."
WORD FAMILY
idealize: idealization, idealized, idealizes, idealizing+/ idea: ideal, ideas, ideate/ ideal: idealise, idealism, ideality, idealize, ideally, ideals/idealisation: idealisations/idealise: idealisation, idealised, idealises, idealising/ idealism: idealisms, idealist, idealistic / idealist: idealists/ idealistic: idealistically/ideality: idealities/idealization: idealizations/ideate: ideated, ideating, ideation / ideation: ideational, ideations/ideational: ideationally
USAGE EXAMPLES
I idealize this person, this new friend, new acquaintance, whoever.
Salon(Dec 29, 2016)
“In the managerial ideology,” Whyte writes, “it is not the leaders of industry that are idealized—if anything, they are scolded—but the lieutenants.”
The New Yorker(Dec 29, 2016)
The true danger of human nature is to idealize anything that’s already happened, be it the repressive 1950s or fancy-free Clinton era.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 使理想化; 使合于理想
vi. 理想化; 形成理想
时态：idealized, idealizing, idealizes
分布：理想化地描述(100%)
(UK usually idealise) [aɪ'dɪə.laɪz] verb transitive
■to think of or represent someone or something as better than they are 把…理想化
• Why do people idealize their school days? 人们为甚么会把他们的学生时代理想化呢？

Word: monopolize
Front: monopolize
[məˈnɒpəlaɪz] (托宝 17391/23741 -1)
Vocabulary: monopolize
(once / 2892 pages)
v
If you monopolize something, you won't let anyone else get their hands on it. When you were little, your mom might have said, "Don't monopolize the swing. Let your sister have a turn."
When a company monopolizes something, it has an unfair amount of control over a particular product or service, hurting other companies and giving consumers fewer choices. A business might monopolize the media in an entire state, for example, by owning the local newspapers, TV stations, and news websites. Monopolize comes from monopoly, which isn't just a great board game, but actually means "exclusive control of a commodity or trade."
WORD FAMILY
monopolize: monopolization, monopolized, monopolizer, monopolizes, monopolizing+/monopolise: monopolisation, monopolised, monopoliser, monopolises, monopolising/monopoliser: monopolisers/monopolist: monopolists/monopolistic: monopolistically/monopolizer: monopolizers/ monopoly: antimonopoly, monopolies, monopolise, monopolist, monopolistic, monopolize
USAGE EXAMPLES
The BNF keeps vigil over a riverbank that’s vibrant with life once again as Parisians reclaim the quays once monopolized by industry.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Or will it merely create a cartel to monopolize it?
Wall Street Journal(Dec 16, 2016)
Income and wealth have indeed been monopolized by the richest few leading to widening economic inequality, stagnate wages and a shrinking middle class.
Time(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: vt. 独占，垄断; 拥有…的专卖权
时态：monopolized, monopolizing, monopolizes
分布：垄断(74%)，独占(26%)
→来自monopoly,垄断。
US [-'nɑ:.pə.laɪz] verb transitive
BUSINESS 商业
■in business, to control something completely and to prevent other people having any effect on what happens 垄断；包办；实行…的专卖
• The company had monopolized the photography market for so many decades that they didn't worry about competition from other companies. 这家公司垄断摄影市场几十年，他们不担心来自其他公司的竞争。
(UK usually monopolise) UK [mə'nɒp.əl.aɪz] US [-'nɑ:.pə.laɪz] verb transitive
PERSON/CONVERSATION 人／对话
■If someone monopolizes a person or a conversation they talk a lot or stop other people being involved 霸占；独占；完全控制
• She completely monopolized the conversation at lunch. 午餐时她滔滔不绝，别人根本无法插嘴。
vt. 垄断；独占；拥有…的专卖权
 - corner, forestall

Word: solicitor
Front: solicitor
[səˈlɪsɪtə(r)] (托 17384/1625 -3)
Vocabulary: solicitor
(once / 1059 pages)
1n 2n
If you get into trouble in England, don't ask for a lawyer. Find a solicitor. England has two levels of attorneys: for big problems, you'll need a barrister, but for your hypothetical legal troubles, a solicitor should do nicely.
Some highly place attorneys in the U.S. are also called solicitors. The lawyer in charge of government cases that come before the Supreme Court is the Solicitor General, and that was Elena Kagan's job before President Barack Obama appointed her to the Supreme Court. Solicitor isn’t always a privileged position. The person who knocks on your door asking you to contribute to some worthy cause is also a solicitor — someone who asks for — or solicits — donations.
WORD FAMILY
solicitor: solicitors, solicitorship+/ solicit: solicitation, solicited, soliciting, solicitor, solicits/ solicitation: solicitations/solicited: unsolicited /solicitorship: solicitorships/ unsolicited: unsolicitedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
This was despite him sending information to Concentrix, including a solicitor's letter and a tenancy agreement, showing he was a single parent.
BBC(Nov 30, 2016)
Theodore B. Olson, a Time 100 honoree, served as Solicitor General under George W. Bush, whom he represented in Bush v.
Time(Nov 30, 2016)
Solicitors say people are increasingly using their will to say they want social media updated after death.
BBC(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 初级律师; 恳求者，求婚者; 〈美〉掮客，募捐人
分布：律师(100%)
→solicit,请求，恳求，求助，-or,人。即被求助的人，用于指法务官，事务律师。
US [-tˌɚ] noun countable
 IMPROVER
■a type of lawyer in Britain and Australia who is trained to prepare cases and give advice on legal subjects and can represent people in lower courts （英国和澳大利亚的）初级律师，事务律师，诉状律师
• a firm of solicitors 事务律师事务所
n. 律师；法务官；募捐者；掮客
 - advocate, lawer

Word: ingrain
Front: ingrain
['ɪn'greɪn] (17413/20900)
Back: vt. 生染，就原料染色，使根深蒂固
adj. 生染的，根深蒂固的
n. 生染的纤维，原料染色，本质
时态：ingrained, ingraining, ingrains
分布：根深蒂固的(35%)，生染的纤维(25%)，生染(16%)，使根深蒂固(16%)，染色的(8%)
adj. 生染的；原纱染色的；根深蒂固的
 - rooted, seated

Word: quiver
Front: quiver
[ˈkwɪvə(r)] (研六托雅宝 11515/10746 -1)
Vocabulary: quiver
(once / 269 pages)
1vn 2n
Scaredy cats around the globe know that quivering is a trembling, shaking motion. A cold gust of wind might make you quiver, as would an icy glare from the abominable snowman.
The verb to quiver means to shudder, wobble, or vibrate, often from fear. But the noun quiver? It's actually the carrying case for your arrows, just the kind of thing Robin Hood would have strapped to his back. So imagine one of his arrows sailing through the air, hitting a tree with a hearty whack!, and then quivering there for a few seconds.
WORD FAMILY
quiver: quivered, quivering, quivers+/ quivering: quiverings
USAGE EXAMPLES
And even George Washington, so renowned for his composure, quivered during his address to the Senate after nervously improvising in his first inauguration.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
My favorite contestants’ voices often quiver slightly as they continue.
Salon(Dec 22, 2016)
The thud of mine blasting echoes in the background and Narayan’s house quivers a little.
The Guardian(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 微颤，抖动
vt. 使震动
n. 抖动; 颤音; 箭筒; 箭筒
时态：quivered, quivering, quivers
分布：颤抖(50%)，箭袋(31%)，振动(13%)，箭袋内的箭(6%)
→来自qu-所表示的拟声词，模仿松软，颤动或颤抖的声音，词源同quake,quiver.
v./n.颤抖,抖动She was quivering with fear.她因恐惧而在发抖.
【记】源于：quaver（v 颤抖；n 颤音）；注意箭囊的意思。
US [-ɚ] verb intransitive
■to shake slightly, often because of strong emotion （常指因激动而）颤抖，发抖
• Lennie's bottom lip quivered and tears started in his eyes. 雷尼的下唇颤抖着，眼里涌出了泪光。
UK ['kwɪv.ər] US [-ɚ] noun countable
CONTAINER 容器
■a long thin container for carrying arrows 箭筒；箭囊
UK ['kwɪv.ər] US [-ɚ] noun countable
SHAKE 颤抖
■a slight shake, often because of strong emotion （常指因激动而）颤抖，发抖
• The opening bars of the music sent a quiver of excitement through the crowd. 音乐起始的几小节让人群顿时兴奋激动起来。
tremble, shudder, quiver, shake, vibrate, shiver
这组词都有“震动，颤抖”的意思，其区别是：
tremble: 指由于寒冷、虚弱、愤怒或恐惧等而发抖、战栗。
shudder: 着重指由于恐惧、震惊等而引起的全身突然而强烈地战栗。
quiver: 多用于指事物。指物体像乐器的弦一般地轻微而急速地颤动。
shake: 最普通用词，含义广。指人或物不自主地颤动、摇摆，常侧重剧烈和无规律。
vibrate: 指急速地连续震动，也指钟摆等的来回摆动。
shiver: 指因寒冷或情绪突变而出现的短时间的轻微和快速的颤抖。
n. 颤抖；箭袋；震动
 - shock, flesh-creep
vi. 颤抖；振动
 - quake, judder
vt. 使…颤动；抖动
 - thrill

Word: inexperience
Front: inexperience
[ˌɪnɪkˈspɪəriəns] (17408/13868 -1)
Back: n. 缺乏经验，不成熟; 缺乏知识
分布：无经验(63%)，不熟练(37%)
→in-,不，非，experience,经验。
US [-'spɪr.i-] noun uncountable
■lack of knowledge or experience 缺乏经验，不熟练
• As a leader, he's been criticized for his inexperience in foreign affairs. 作为领袖，他因不熟悉外交事务而受到批评。
n. 缺乏经验；无经验；不熟练
 - callowness, rawness

Word: fluff
Front: fluff
[flʌf] (雅 17394/20458 -1)
Vocabulary: fluff
(once / 1959 pages)
1nv 2vn
Fluff is a soft, light puffy or feathery material. Your pet angora rabbit is covered in fluff, and when you blow the down off a dandelion, you can call that fluff too.
A department store window designer might use white cotton fluff as snow in his holiday display, and a bored dog might pull the fluff out of every pillow in the house while you're at work. The word fluff is also a verb meaning "to shake or ruffle until something looks fuller." It's also a great way to describe something meaningless or frivolous: "I had high hopes for the newspaper article, but it was just fluff."
WORD FAMILY
fluff: fluffed, fluffing, fluffs, fluffy +/ fluffy: fluffier, fluffiest, fluffily, fluffiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Because I am a Type A, there’s not a lot of room for fluff, typically.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The grass-fed meat, cooked long and slow with about 16 spices, sits atop a generous mound of rice, each tiny grain perfectly thin and fluffed.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Her signature item is the best-selling oatmeal marshmallow cookie — soft oatmeal cookies sandwiching a generous dollop of fluff.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 绒毛，软毛; 小东西; 浮浅的娱乐; [非正式]失误
vt. 使松软; 搞糟，失去; 忘记或说错了台词
vi. 变得松软; [非正式]忘词
时态：fluffed, fluffing, fluffs
分布：绒毛(72%)，软毛(10%)，搞糟(8%)，无价值物(5%)，忘词(5%)
→来自拉丁语vellus, 羊毛，词源同wool, fleece. 或来自辅音丛fl, 扑腾，拍打，词源同flap, flop. 用来指绒毛，绒屑。
noun uncountable
SOFT MASS 柔软的团
■small loose bits of wool or other soft material, or the down (= soft new hairs) on a young animal 绒毛；蓬松毛团；（幼兽的）绒毛
• He brushed the fluff off his coat. 他刷掉了外套上的绒毛。
[flʌf] noun uncountable
ENTERTAINMENT 娱乐 US entertainment that is not serious or valuable 无意义的娱乐
[flʌf] verb transitive (US also flub) informal
■to fail something or do it badly 搞砸；弄糟
• I fluffed my driving test three times before I finally got it. 我搞砸了三次驾驶考试，之后才最终通过。
• All the time I was acting with him, I never once heard him fluff his lines (= say something wrong when acting). 我一直和他一起表演，一次也没听到过他说错台词。
[flʌf] verb transitive (US also flub) informal
  Phrasal Verbs  fluff sth up
■to make something appear bigger or full of air by hitting or shaking it 拍松；抖散
• I'll just fluff up your pillows for you. 我来为你把枕头拍松。
n. 绒毛；错误；无价值的东西
 - error, mistake, fault, down
vi. [纸] 起毛；出错；变松
 - go awry, make mistakes

Word: fell
Front: fell
[fel] (研六托宝 17411/8788 -1)
Vocabulary: fell
(once / 28 pages)
1vn 2adj 3vn 4v 5n
Something that has been felled has been brought down, like a tree that has been felled by a powerful storm.
The word fell wears many hats in addition to being the past tense of fall. As a noun, a fell can be a stitching on the hem of a piece of clothing like pants, or an animal skin that has the fur intact. In Shakespeare’s Macbeth, the character MacDuff is stricken when he learns that his family has been killed “in one fell swoop.” Here the adjective fell means "vicious and cruel."
WORD FAMILY
fell: felled, feller, felling, fells+/ fall: fallen, faller, falling, falls, fell /faller: fallers/feller: fellers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Amid the thunderous crowd, he fell to musing.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Hail fell in several states, including Alabama and Arkansas, it added.
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
But the Nettuno picture fell foul of the social media giant’s privacy policies, the Daily Telegraph reported.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: vt. 砍倒，打倒
n. 兽皮; 一季的木材采伐量
adj. 残忍的; 凶恶的
v. 掉下; 摔倒; 变坏(fall的过去式)
时态：fell, felled, felling, falls
分布：毁灭性的(25%)，击倒(20%)，凶残的(15%)，砍伐(15%)，丘原(10%)，沼泽地(10%)，动词fall的过去式.(5%)
→来自pal, 触摸，感受，拟声词，词源同palpitate.fell 击倒
v.击倒;打倒(疾病等);砍伐a.凶猛的;可怕的The cellar-dweller yelled, "Fell the jellyfish burglar!"住地下室的人喊道:"打倒海蜇窃贼!"
【记】fell树，树就会fall
verb
FALL 跌落 past simple of
■ fall
[fel] verb
CUT DOWN 砍倒
transitive
■to cut down a tree 砍伐，砍倒（树木）
• A great number of trees were felled to provide space for grazing. 大量树木被砍伐，为放牧提供场地。
transitive
■to knock someone down, especially in sports （尤指体育运动中）击倒（某人）
• The boxer was felled by a punch to the head. 那名拳击手头部挨了一拳，被击倒在地。
[fel] noun countable
■a hill or other area of high land, especially in northwest England （尤指英格兰西北部的）丘陵地区，高地
[fel] adjective
EVIL 邪恶的 literary or old use
■evil, or cruel 邪恶的；残暴的
[fel] adjective
HILL 山
[before noun]
■relating to fells (= hills) 和丘陵、小山有关的
• We went fell walking last weekend. 我们上周末去山野漫步。
[fel] adjective
at/in one fell swoop
■If you do something at/in one fell swoop, you do it all at the same time 一举，一下子
• I got all my Christmas shopping done in one fell swoop. 我一次就把圣诞节需要的所有物品都买齐了。
fell
fell: 也可作fall的过去式；fell作“砍伐”时，它的过去式，过去分词分别为felled, felled.
adj. 凶猛的；毁灭性的
 - fierce, destructive
vt. 砍伐；打倒；击倒
 - floor, down with
n. [林] 一季所伐的木材；折缝；兽皮
 - hide
v. 掉下；摔倒；下垂；变坏（fall的过去式）
 - dropped

Word: boxed
Front: boxed
[bɒkst] (17376/21497)
Back: v. 把…装入盒[箱，匣]中( box的过去式和过去分词 ); 拳击
分布：装箱(100%)
ADJ
盒装的
A boxed set or collection of things is sold in a box.
例：... a boxed set of six cups and saucers...内含6套杯碟的一件盒装茶具
例：This boxed collection captures 64 of the greatest modern love songs.这套盒装专辑收录了64首最好听的当代爱情歌曲。
adj. 醉酒的
 - Bacchic, blitzed
v. 装箱（box的过去分词）
 - encased

Word: collarbone
Front: collarbone
[ˈkɒləbəʊn] (17385/33434)
Back: n. 锁骨
分布：锁骨(100%)
US ['kɑ:.lɚ.boʊn] (specialized clavicle)
noun countable
■a bone between your shoulder and neck on each side of your body 锁骨
n. 锁骨
 - clavicle

Word: hazelnut
Front: hazelnut
[ˈheɪzlnʌt] (17307/25282)
Back: n. 榛实
分布：榛子(84%)，榛果(16%)
→hazel,榛树，nut,坚果。
noun countable
■the nut of the hazel tree which has a hard brown shell 榛实； 榛果
n. [园艺] 榛子；榛树
 - filbert

Word: henceforth
Front: henceforth
[ˌhensˈfɔ:θ] (研六雅 17401/11925 -1)
Back: adv. 从今以后，今后
分布：名词(100%)
→hence,由此，forth,向前。
ad.今后I promise never to lie henceforth.我发誓从今以后再也不说谎话.
US [-'fɔ:rθ] adverb (also henceforward) formal or legal
■starting from this time 从现在开始，从此以后
• Henceforth, the said building shall be the property of Brendan Duggan. 从现在开始，该大楼将是布伦丹‧达根的财产。
adv. 今后；自此以后
 - forwards, hereafter

Word: pout
Front: pout
[paʊt] (宝 17350/16111 -1)
Vocabulary: pout
(once / 1814 pages)
1vn 2n
When something doesn’t go your way and you get annoyed about it, that’s a pout. And when you let the world know about it by thrusting out your lower lip, you are pouting. Get over it.
When you pout, you’re expressing annoyance or displeasure. It’s a sulky kind of gesture, one that involves a facial expression more than words — in fact, a pout is often accompanied by a moody silence. The verb form of pout describes the action, and the noun form describes the facial expression. Maybe it's not a coincidence that a pout is also a type of fish. Pouting faces are a bit fish-like in their expressions.
WORD FAMILY
pout: pouted, pouter, pouting, pouts+/pouter: pouters
USAGE EXAMPLES
Taylor initially pouted after his parents told him to turn off his tablet.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Despite his occasional pouts — is the original “Roots” really such a chore to re-watch? — the British author presents readers with one clever observation after another.
Seattle Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Aunty Ifeoma took Papa-Nnukwu to the University Medical Center in the morning and came back shortly afterward, her mouth set in a full pout.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
Back: vt. & vi. 撅嘴; 噘着嘴说; 发脾气; 鼓起，膨胀
n. 撅嘴; 生气，不高兴; [动]大头鱼类
时态：pouted, pouting, pouts
分布：噘嘴(51%)，生气(27%)，绷脸(11%)，伸出(11%)
→词源不确定，可能来自Proto-Germanic*pud,膨胀，鼓起，来自bu,膨胀，词源同pudding.
【记】读：泡她，可惜她是冷美人，不理你，还撅嘴；生气
【反】grin（v /n 露齿笑）
verb intransitive or transitive
■to push the lower lip forward to show you are annoyed, or to push both lips forward in a sexually attractive way （生气或性感地）噘嘴；嘟嘴巴
• Vanessa always pouts if she doesn't get what she wants. 瓦妮莎得不到自己想要的东西时总是把嘴嘟得高高的。
• Caroline pouts her lips when she's putting on lipstick. 卡洛琳涂口红时总是噘起嘴。
n. 撅嘴；生气
 - vitality, animation, pet

Word: offshoot
Front: offshoot
[ˈɒfʃu:t] (17418/15029 -1)
Vocabulary: offshoot
(once / 4960 pages)
n
On a plant, an offshoot is a sprout or shoot that branches off. From this botanical meaning, offshoot has come to describe anything that starts or grows from something else.
You can start a whole new plant with a houseplant's offshoot, by putting it in water and waiting for it to grow roots. Another kind of offshoot is a local branch of a library, an offshoot of the central location, or an offshoot of a popular TV show, also called a "spin-off." Interestingly, the earliest definition of offshoot, in the seventeenth century, referred to family trees. It wasn't until 1814 that offshoot was used for actual plants.
WORD FAMILY
offshoot: offshoots
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Assad and the core of his regime hail from the minority Alawite community, a distant offshoot of Shiite Islam.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
The cafe/bar is an offshoot of El Rey on the Lower East Side.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
My Kushner discoveries were an offshoot of my research for a chapter on Harvard donors.
Salon(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 旁系子孙; 支流; 分枝; 衍生物
分布：分枝(39%)，衍生物(38%)，支派(23%)
→off,离开，shoot,枝，嫩枝。比喻用法。
US ['ɑ:f-] noun countable
■something which has developed from something larger which already existed 分支；分支机构
• It's an offshoot of a much larger company based in Sydney. 这是总部设在雪梨的一家规模更大的公司的分支机构。
n. 分支；支流； [化学] 衍生物
 - branch, embranchment

Word: wayside
Front: wayside
[ˈweɪsaɪd] (高 17420/18440)
Back: n. 路边
adj. 路边的
分布：路旁(66%)，路旁的(34%)
noun
fall by the wayside
■If someone falls by the wayside, they fail to finish an activity, and if something falls by the wayside, people stop doing it, making it, or using it. 形容某人半途而废，没能完成某活动；形容某物被搁置，人们不再制造使用
• So why does one company survive a recession while its competitors fall by the wayside? 为甚么有些公司能安然度过经济萧条期，而其竞争者却纷纷落马呢？
n. 路旁
 - roadside
adj. 路旁的
 - roadside

Word: outmoded
Front: outmoded
[ˌaʊtˈməʊdɪd] (托宝 17416/18486)
Vocabulary: outmoded
(once / 13971 pages)
adj
Something that is outmoded is no longer cool or in style, like your dad's outmoded hairstyle that he's had since he was in high school.
The French are known for their sense of fashion and style, so it's no surprise that they coined the word démodé to describe things that are no longer cool. De- means "out, off, away" and mode means "fashion." The English word outmoded is simply a translation of démodé: "out of fashion" or "out of style."
WORD FAMILY
outmode: outmoded, outmodes, outmoding
USAGE EXAMPLES
In some ways, it is outmoded; in others, it is more vital than ever before.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
What happens when an entire kind of technology becomes outmoded?
Salon(Dec 15, 2016)
But he claims that entrepreneurship in the UK is being held back by an outmoded tax system.
BBC(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 过时的; 不流行的
v. 使过时( outmode的过去式和过去分词 )
分布：过时的(95%)，动词outmode的过去式和过去分词形式.(5%)
→out-,超过，mode,模式。比喻用法。
过时的(out+moded时髦的→出了时髦→不时髦的)[out-①表示"超过,过度"②表示"出去,过时"]
过时的,旧式的(out出+mod+ed→模式出了时代→过时的)[mod=mode,manner,表示"方式,模式,风度"]
【记】out出，mode时髦，d一不再时髦的
【参】outnumber（v 数目超过）；out-of-phase（adj 不同步的）；out-of-shape（adj 变样的）；outrage（n 暴行；愤怒）
【反】original（adj 最初的；新颖的）
US [-'moʊ-] disapproving
adjective
■old-fashioned; no longer modern, useful or necessary 过时的；废弃的；无用的
• Outmoded working practices are being phased out. 过时的操作规范正被逐步淘汰。
adj. 过时的，不流行的
 - ancient, unpopular

Word: discriminant
Front: discriminant
[dɪs'krɪmɪnənt] (17450/39182)
Back: n. 判别式
分布：名词(100%)

Word: intelligible
Front: intelligible
[ɪnˈtelɪdʒəbl] (研六托雅宝 17337/14873)
Vocabulary: intelligible
(once / 503 pages)
adj
Use the adjective intelligible to describe speech that is loud and clear, like the intelligible words of your principal which, thanks to a microphone, you were able to hear.
When your goal is to make your writing intelligible to anyone who reads it, you chose clear, precise words and give details that tell more about what you mean. You might also include examples. Intelligible comes from the Latin word intelligibilis, "that can understand or that which can be understood." The earlier meaning of intelligible was "able to understand," which today is closer to the meaning of intelligent.
WORD FAMILY
intelligible: intelligibility, intelligibly, unintelligible +/unintelligibility: unintelligibilities/ unintelligible: unintelligibility, unintelligibly
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It’s a pretty blunt instrument to be trying to say something intelligible on what his plans are,” he said.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
There are differences, because English is mixed with different languages in each country but they are usually mutually intelligible.
BBC(Nov 16, 2016)
They can make a wider world intelligible, alive, and urgent.
The Guardian(Nov 09, 2016)
Back: adj. 可理解的，明白易懂的，清楚的
分布：可理解的(61%)，明白易懂的(25%)，清楚的(14%)
→intel-,在中间，来自inter-的变体，-leg,选择，选出，词源同collect,eligible.即可选出来的，可以分辨的，引申词义容易理解的。
可理解的(intellig理解+ible;参考:intelligent有才智的)[-ible形容词"能…的"]
a.可理解的,明白易懂的,清楚的The book is intelligible to everybody.这本书任何人都看得懂.
adjective
■(of speech and writing) clear enough to be understood （言语、文章）明白易懂的
• She was so upset when she spoke that she was hardly intelligible. 她讲话时心烦意乱，结果她的话几乎让人无法理解。
Opposite unintelligible
adj. 可理解的；明了的；仅能用智力了解的
 - accessible, comprehensible

Word: consonant
Front: consonant
[ˈkɒnsənənt] (托宝 17386/12928)
Vocabulary: consonant
(once / 1753 pages)
1n 2adj
A consonant is a speech sound that is not a vowel. It also refers to letters of the alphabet that represent those sounds: Z, B, T, G, and H are all consonants.
Consonants are all the non-vowel sounds, or their corresponding letters: A, E, I, O, U and sometimes Y are not consonants. In hat, H and T are consonants. Consonant can also be an adjective that describes things that seem like they should go together, things that are "agreeable." You could say a nation's offer of aid is consonant with their treaties. When you hear consonant sounds in music, they are pleasing, the opposite of "dissonant" sounds which are harsh.
WORD FAMILY
consonant: consonance, consonantal, consonantly, consonants+/ consonance: consonances
USAGE EXAMPLES
I kept a list of my datelines and it is long, with many consonants in unusual places.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Consonant with this strategy, the increasing sophistication of robots and other advanced automation will compel business to substitute robots for human labor.
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Vowels are important to speech, for example, but so are consonants.
New York Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. 辅音，子音; 辅音字母
adj. 一致的; 符合的; 协和音的; 和音的
分布：辅音(71%)，一致的(15%)，辅音的(8%)，符合的(6%)
→con-, 强调。-son, 声音，词源同sound. 即发出声音的，后指语音学术术语辅音。
符合的;和音的(con共同+son+ant→声音相同→和音的)[son=sound,表示"声音"]
US ['kɑ:n-] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■one of the speech sounds or letters of the alphabet which is not a vowel. Consonants are pronounced by stopping the air from flowing easily through the mouth, especially by closing the lips or touching the teeth with the tongue. 辅音；辅音字母 Compare vowel
adj. [语] 辅音的；一致的； [电子] 和谐的
 - united, harmonious, balanced, corresponding, matching

Word: recklessly
Front: recklessly
['rekləslɪ] (17422/14780)
Back: adv. 不在乎地，鲁莽地，不顾一切地; 混; 愣; 大肆
分布：不顾后果地(50%)，卤莽地(50%)
ADJ-GRADED
轻率的;不计后果的;鲁莽的;无所顾忌的
If you say that someone is reckless, you mean that they act in a way which shows that they do not care about danger or the effect their behaviour will have on other people.
例：She loved to ride; on horseback, she was reckless and utterly without fear...她喜欢骑马；在马背上，她纵横驰骋，毫无畏惧。
例：He is charged with causing death by reckless driving.他被控危险驾驶致人死亡。
adv. 鲁莽地；不顾一切地
 - incautiously, imprudently

Word: banter
Front: banter
[ˈbæntə(r)] (宝 16960/15253 -1)
Vocabulary: banter
(once / 1652 pages)
nv
Good friends usually banter back and forth easily, like they're trying to keep a step ahead of each other in witty responses. This type of banter is their special language of friendship.
Banter is both a noun and a verb about talking. It comes from unknown origins, but even as a word, it seems to be playful and teasing. You can engage in banter with friends, siblings, parents, and even good-natured strangers. Banter usually ends with everyone feeling better for the talk and verbal play. Joking, joshing, and teasing are all related to banter.
WORD FAMILY
banter: bantered, bantering, banters+/ bantering: banteringly
USAGE EXAMPLES
He said he “enjoyed every second” of the fight that included ongoing banter between the fighters.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Instead, I run a men’s group where we laugh and share and banter about the stuff that matters and hurts.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
Meanwhile one Tuesday, Kiley’s nurse, Terri Griffin, bantered with her as she assembled the IV drugs.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 玩笑; 逗乐; 〈美方〉挑战
vi. 开玩笑，说笑; 逗乐
vt. （善意地）取笑; 逗弄
时态：bantered, bantering, banters
分布：开玩笑(82%)，戏弄(11%)，轻松说笑(7%)
→词源不详，可能来自词根bat, 张嘴，窘迫。-er, 表反复。
【记】读：搬他。我们在开玩笑的时候经常会把某人搬起来，抛向空中，再接住。如果你不喜欢他，不接他也摔不死。
【区】barter（n 易货贸易）；读：巴特儿。他来买你的东西可得小心。身高210cm，体重130公斤的力量型中锋，他要是使假币，你敢跟他牛吗？！所以，不要钱，可以要点儿他的背心儿、裤衩儿，鞋呀，袜子呀什么的。我知道你穿不了，但是有升值潜力－易货。
US [-tˌɚ] noun uncountable
■conversation which is funny and not serious 开玩笑，逗乐
• He considered himself a master of witty banter. 他认为自己是风趣幽默的玩笑大王。
UK ['bæn.tər] US [-tˌɚ] verb intransitive
■to talk to someone in a friendly and humorous way （善意地）取笑，逗弄
• He stood around bantering with his colleagues. 他转来转去，与同事们打趣逗乐。
n. （善意的）戏谑；逗弄
 - jocosity, tantalization
vt. 善意地取笑；逗弄
 - tantalise
vi. 开玩笑；谈笑
 - fool, kid around

Word: canning
Front: canning
['kænɪŋ] (17390/23811)
Back: n. 罐头制造
v. 将…装入密封罐中保存( can的现在分词 )
分布：罐头制造业(34%)，装罐头(33%)，动词can的现在分词形式.(33%)
MODAL
(表示某事物的特点)能够，可以
You use can when you are mentioning a quality or fact about something which people may make use of if they want to.
例：Pork is also the most versatile of meats. It can be roasted whole or in pieces...在肉类中,猪肉的做法也是最多的,可以整块烤来吃,也可以切片烤来吃。
例：Luckily, iron can be reworked and mistakes don't have to be thrown away...所幸的是,铁可以再加工,次品、废品不必被扔掉。
MODAL
(表示有能力或机会)能，会，可以
You use can to indicate that someone has the ability or opportunity to do something.
例：Don't worry yourself about me, I can take care of myself...你别担心我,我能照顾好自己。
例：I can't give you details because I don't actually have any details...我没办法给你提供细节,因为我并不了解任何细节。
MODAL
(用于否定句，表示情况不允许)不能，无法
You use cannot to indicate that someone is not able to do something because circumstances make it impossible for them to do it.
例：People who can't afford to go to the theatre or concerts can afford to go to football matches...看不起电影或听不起音乐会的人可以去观看足球赛。
例：We cannot buy food, clothes and pay for rent and utilities on $20 a week...一个星期才20美元,不够我们吃穿、付房租及水电等费用的。
MODAL
有可能;有时会
You use can to indicate that something is true sometimes or is true in some circumstances.
例：...long-term therapy that can last five years or more...有可能持续5年乃至更长时间的长期治疗。
例：A vacant lot or a bombsite can, to the amateur naturalist, produce an extraordinary variety of flora and fauna...对于业余博物学者来说,在一片空地上或被炸后的废墟里可能发现种类繁多的植物群和动物群。
MODAL
(用于否定句，表示确信某事不真实或不会发生)不可能，不会
You use cannot and can't to state that you are certain that something is not the case or will not happen.
例：From her knowledge of Douglas's habits, she feels sure that the attacker can't have been Douglas...根据她对道格拉斯习性的了解,她敢断定他不可能是那个袭击者。
例：Things can't be that bad...情况不会糟到那个地步。
MODAL
(表示允许)可以
You use can to indicate that someone is allowed to do something. You use cannot or can't to indicate that someone is not allowed to do something.
例：You must buy the credit life insurance before you can buy the disability insurance...你必须先购买信用人寿保险,方可购买伤残保险。
例：No-one can set up a waste disposal company unless they can show that they've got enough money and trained staff to do the job properly...任何人若想成立废品处理公司,必须证明其拥有足够资金和受训员工以保证工作可以顺利开展。
MODAL
不行;不能;不该
You use cannot or can't when you think it is very important that something should not happen or that someone should not do something.
例：It is an intolerable situation and it can't be allowed to go on...这种情况忍无可忍,不能再任其继续下去了。
例：The Commission can't demand from Sweden more than it demands from its own members.委员会对瑞典的要求不能比对自己的会员国要求都多。
MODAL
(通常用于疑问句，表示建议或提议帮忙)能
You use can, usually in questions, in order to make suggestions or to offer to do something.
例：What can I do around here?...我在这儿能做点儿什么?
例：This old lady was struggling out of the train and I said, 'Oh, can I help you?'...我看见这位老太太正颤巍巍地下火车,就问:“嗯,我来帮您一把吗?”
MODAL
(用于疑问句时,can 表示礼貌的请求，而 can't 表示强烈请求）
You use can in questions in order to make polite requests. You use can't in questions in order to request strongly that someone does something.
例：Can I have a look at that?...我能不能看一眼那个?
例：Can you please help?...请你帮个忙好吗?
MODAL
(用于有礼貌地打断,或引导要说的话)能,可以
You use can as a polite way of interrupting someone or of introducing what you are going to say next.
例：Can I interrupt you just for a minute?...我能不能打断你们一下?
例：But if I can interrupt, Joe, I don't think anybody here is personally blaming you...对不起,乔,我插一句,可我认为在座的没有谁在埋怨你。
MODAL
(与 imagine, think, believe 等动词连用,用来加强语气)能
You use can with verbs such as 'imagine', 'think', and 'believe' in order to emphasize how you feel about a particular situation.
例：You can imagine he was terribly upset...你能想象得出来,他当时心里乱得要命。
例：You can't think how glad I was to see them all go...你都想象不到,我看到他们全都走了,心里是多么高兴。
MODAL
(与 how 一起用于疑问句,表示感受强烈)能,能够
You use can in questions with 'how' to indicate that you feel strongly about something.
例：How can you complain about higher taxes?...你怎么能抱怨税费的提高呢?
例：How can millions of dollars go astray?...几百万美元怎么可能不翼而飞呢?

Word: smashed
Front: smashed
[smæʃt] (17414/15820)
Back: adj. 喝醉酒的
v. 打碎，捣烂( smash的过去式和过去分词 ); 捣毁; 重击; 撞毁（车辆）
分布：破碎的(67%)，动词smash的过去式和过去分词(33%)
[smæʃt] slang
adjective [after verb]
■extremely drunk, or powerfully affected by illegal drugs 酩酊大醉的；（吸毒后）迷醉的
adj. 破碎的；喝醉酒的
 - broken, shattered

Word: rainstorm
Front: rainstorm
[ˈreɪnstɔ:m] (17419/20897)
Back: n. 暴风雨，大暴雨
分布：暴风雨(100%)
US [-stɔ:rm] noun countable
■a weather condition with strong wind and heavy rain 暴风雨
n. 暴风雨，雨暴
 - heavy storm, snow-storm

Word: unicorn
Front: unicorn
[ˈju:nɪkɔ:n] (宝 17309/20438)
Vocabulary: unicorn
(once / 4389 pages)
n
A unicorn is a mythical horse-like creature which has one horn on its forehead. During the Middle Ages, a unicorn horn was said to have magical healing properties.
Unicorns show up in many cultures' traditions of folklore and mythology, reaching as far back as Bronze Age civilizations and ancient Greece. Usually, unicorns are presented in art and stories as looking just like horses — or sometimes goats — aside from their long, spiraling horn. The root of the word unicorn is the Latin adjective unicornis, "having one horn," from uni, or "one," and cornus, "horn."
WORD FAMILY
unicorn: unicorns
USAGE EXAMPLES
Dialogue and decency: In today’s hyper-polarized political climate, these are as rare as unicorns.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Just 12 companies joined the unicorn club, according to the data provider CB Insights, a 70 percent drop from 2015.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
When the unicorn sat close to her she seemed surprised and I thought it looked good.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. （传说中身体似马的）独角兽; <动>一角鲸; 独角兽标记
分布：名词(100%)
→uni-, 一，词源同unit,corn, 角。用来指神话传说中的独角兽。
独角兽(uni一个+corn→一个角→独角兽)[corn=horn表示"角"]
【记】uni一个，corn角：独角兽
US [-kɔ:rn] noun countable
■an imaginary white creature like a horse with a single horn growing from the front of its head （传说中的）独角兽
n. 独角兽；麒麟
 - kylin, Kirin

Word: uncooked
Front: uncooked
[ˌʌnˈkʊkt] (17365/26237)
Back: adj. 未煮过的
分布：未煮过的(89%)，未熟的(11%)
ADJ
未烹饪过的；生的
Uncooked food has not yet been cooked.
例：Don't use pickled beetroot, but buy it uncooked and cook it yourself.不要买腌制的甜菜根，买生的来自己煮。

Word: tasteful
Front: tasteful
[ˈteɪstfl] (17427/19150 -1)
Back: adj. 美味的; 雅致的; 有良好判断力或鉴赏力的; 举止得体的
分布：雅致的(49%)，有品位的(21%)，有滋味的(17%)，好吃的(13%)
→来自 taste,味道，滋味，-ful,形容词后缀。引申词义有口味的，高雅的。
adjective
■attractive and chosen for style and quality 雅致的；趣味高雅的；有品味的
• It's very tasteful, their house, but I can't help thinking it lacks a little character. 他们的房子很雅致，但我总觉得少了点个性。
adj. 雅观的；有鉴赏力的；趣味高雅的；有滋味的
 - appreciatory, sapid

Word: seaman
Front: seaman
[ˈsi:mən] (高四六 17406/7264 -1)
Back: n. 水手，海员; 水兵
分布：水手(53%)，海员(47%)
→sea,海，man,人。
noun countable
■a sailor, especially one who is not an officer 海员；水手；水兵
mariner, seaman, sailor
这组词都有“水手，船员”的意思，其区别是：
mariner: 多指直接从事航海和参与驾驶船只的水手。
seaman: 指商船船员或海军中的水兵，有时可与sailor换用。
sailor: 普通和词，指任何实际驾驶船只航海或在船上工作的人员。
n. 海员，水手；水兵
 - marine, sailor

Word: inactivity
Front: inactivity
[ˌɪnæk'tɪvətɪ] (17412/14375)
Vocabulary: inactivity
(once / 3036 pages)
n
When you're lying around being lazy, you're in a state of inactivity — you're not doing anything. Some animals, like cats, typically have hours of inactivity every day.
Your inactivity might be a symptom of boredom or exhaustion, since it's characterized by slowness, sluggishness, and a general lack of energy and motion. Inactivity in the middle of the night is perfectly normal, but your daytime inactivity will make it difficult to get anything done. The noun inactivity adds the prefix in-, "not" or "opposite of" to activity, which comes from a Latin root, actus, "a doing, a driving, or an impulse."
WORD FAMILY
inactivity: inactivities+/ act: actable, acted, acting, action, active, actor, actress, acts, actuate, counteract, enact, interact, overact, underact/actable: unactable/acting: actings, self-acting/ action: actionable, actioned, actions, inaction/ activate: activated, activates, activating, activation, activator, deactivate, reactivate /activating: self-activating/ activation: activations/activator: activators/ active: activate, actively, activeness, activer, actives, activest, activity, hyperactive, inactive, overactive, underactive/ activity: activities/ actor: actors/actress: actresses/ actuate: actuated, actuates, actuating, actuation, actuator/actuator: actuators/counteract: counteracted, counteracting, counteraction, counteractive, counteracts/counteraction: counteractions/deactivate: deactivated, deactivates, deactivating, deactivation/ enact: enacted, enacting, enactment, enacts, reenact/enactment: enactments/ hyperactive: hyperactively, hyperactivity/inaction: inactions/inactivate: inactivated, inactivates, inactivating, inactivation/ inactive: inactivate, inactively, inactiveness, inactivity / interact: interacted, interacting, interaction, interactive, interacts/ interaction: interactional, interactions/ interactive: interactively/overact: overacted, overacting, overacts/overacting: overactings/overactive: overactivity/ reactivate: reactivated, reactivates, reactivating/reenact: reenacted, reenacting, reenactment, reenacts/ reenactment: reenactments/underact: underacted, underacting, underacts
USAGE EXAMPLES
Moreover, the first line of treatment for prediabetes, and for diabetes itself, is lifestyle changes to reduce obesity and inactivity.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
In essence, inactivity altered the men’s physiology in ways that apparently prevented exercise from improving the metabolism of fat.
New York Times(Dec 09, 2016)
It's led to a lot of frustration, a lot of skirmishes -- and, ultimately, a lot of inactivity.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 03, 2016)
Back: n. 不活动; 不活跃; 静止; 不活泼
分布：不活动(91%)，迟钝(9%)
不活跃(in不＋activity活跃)[act=to do,to drive表示"行动,做"]
ADJ-GRADED
无所作为的;不活动的;闲置的
Someone or something that is inactive is not doing anything or is not working.
例：He certainly was not politically inactive...他政治上当然不是无所作为。
例：The satellite had been inactive since its launch two years ago.该卫星自从两年前发射以来一直没起作用。
n. 静止；不活泼；休止状态；不放射性
 - rest, stillness

Word: racy
Front: racy
[ˈreɪsi] (宝 17428/22949)
Back: adj. （风格）活泼的; 味美的; 不雅的; 猥亵的
级别：racier, raciest
分布：生动的(64%)，独特风味的(18%)，不雅的(18%)
→来自古法语 rais,根，姜根粉，来自拉丁语 radix 的所有格形式 radicis,根的，来自 radix,根， 词源同 radish,root.字母 d 脱落。后用于指放姜根调味料，有辛辣味的，生动的，后词义贬义 化，引申词义带荤的，不雅的。
【记】源于：race（n 比赛；赛跑；赛马）活泼生动的
【反】tame（adj 驯服的；没精打彩的）
adjective
■(of speech or writing) exciting, especially because of being about sex, or (of someone or something) having an exciting, interesting and attractive appearance, sometimes in a sexual way 有趣的，刺激的，吸引人的（尤指因为说话、文字等与性有关）
• a racy story 荤段子
• a racy style 生动的文体
• a racy advertisement 近乎猥亵的广告
• racy swimwear 性感的游泳衣
• She is trying to create a racier image for herself. 她试图为自己塑造一个更为妩媚的形象。
adj. 生动的；保持原味的；适于赛跑的；猥亵的
 - vivid, telling, live, salt

Word: supersonic
Front: supersonic
[ˌsu:pəˈsɒnɪk] (研六雅 17396/23484 -1)
Vocabulary: supersonic
(once / 10755 pages)
1adj 2adj
It’s faster than the speed of sound, it’s supersonic! Seriously. Supersonic describes things that can travel faster than the speed of sound, like the passenger jet Concorde that used to zip from New York to London in under four hours.
Anything supersonic is so fast that you see it before you hear it. A high-speed fighter jet is supersonic, but there aren't any supersonic passenger planes since Concorde's retirement in 2003. Space shuttles and modern bullets are still supersonic. Originally, the word supersonic meant "having to do with sound waves beyond human hearing," but by 1934 it described movement exceeding the speed of sound, with ultrasonic taking on the old meaning. Sonic comes from the Latin sonus, or "sound."
WORD FAMILY
supersonic: supersonically+/sonic: sonically, subsonic, supersonic /subsonic: subsonically
USAGE EXAMPLES
The supersonic plane will be the centrepiece of the new £16m Bristol Aerospace Centre museum that is under construction and due to open in 2017.
BBC(Dec 26, 2016)
There is currently a ban on overland supersonic flight.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
Good Luck and a very Happy Supersonic Christmas to you.
BBC(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: adj. [物]超声的，超音速的
n. 超声波; 〈口〉超音速飞机
分布：超声波(50%)，超音速的(35%)，超声波的(15%)
→super-,超过，sonic,声音的，音速的。
超音速的(super+sonic声音的)[super-①表示"超级,超过,过度"②表示"在…上面"]
超音速的(super超+sonic)[son=sound,表示"声音"]
a.超音速的,超声波的n.超声波,超声频The superstitious man put the priority on the superficial supersonic superiority.迷信的人把优先权放在表面的超音速的优良上.
US [-pɚ'sɑ:.nɪk] adjective
■faster than the speed of sound 超音速的
• a supersonic fighter plane 超音速战斗机
adj. [流] [力] 超音速的； [声] 超声波的
 - ultrasonic, transsonic
n. [流] 超音速； [声] 超声波
 - ultrasonic wave, ultrasound wave

Word: warming
Front: warming
[ˈwɔ:mɪŋ] (雅 5138/7388)
Back: adj. （比赛前的）准备动作的，热身的
n. 加温，升温
v. （使）变暖，被加热，暖和起来( warm的现在分词 ); （使）变得更友好，变得更可爱
分布：加温(33%)，升温(27%)，暖和(25%)，热身的(8%)，暖和的(4%)，动词warm的现在分词.(3%)
US ['wɔ:r-] approving
adjective
■describes a type of food or drink that makes you feel warm （食物或饮料）暖乎乎的，温热的
• Have a nice warming bowl of soup. 喝一碗热乎乎的汤吧。
n. 加温，暖和；气温升高
 - moderateness
v. 加温；兴奋；同情（warm的ing形式）
 - sympathizing

Word: inlaid
Front: inlaid
[ˌɪnˈleɪd] (17423/19175)
Back: adj. 镶嵌的
v. 把…嵌入，把…镶入( inlay的过去式和过去分词 ); 镶饰（物品）
分布：镶嵌的(44%)，镶饰的(27%)，嵌入的(25%)，动词inlay的过去式和过去分词形式.(4%)
→in-,在内，在里，laid,放置。
ADJ
镶嵌的;嵌饰的;嵌花样的
An object that is inlaid has a design on it which is made by putting materials such as wood, gold, or silver into the surface of the object.
例：...a box delicately inlaid with little triangles.精巧地嵌有小三角的盒子
adj. [建] 镶嵌的；嵌入的；镶饰的
 - inserted, push-in

Word: generality
Front: generality
[ˌdʒenəˈræləti] (宝 17375/12232)
Vocabulary: generality
(once / 2104 pages)
n
If your mom says, "What have you been up to?" and you reply, "Ah, stuff," you have used a generality. It's the opposite of being specific, of saying, "Well, I shop lifted and picked my nose."
Politicians speak in generalities––they want to cut the deficit and keep taxes low, but they don't want to tell you exactly how they will do that. Generalities can also refer to conclusions we draw about the world: If you say people at baseball games like to eat hot dogs, you've used a generality. Maybe people at baseball games eat hot dogs because there's nothing else to buy.
WORD FAMILY
generality: generalities+/ general: generalcy, generaled, generalise, generality, generalize, generalled, generalling, generally, generals, generalship/generalcy: generalcies/generalisation: generalisations/generalise: generalisation, generalised, generalises, generalising, overgeneralise/ generalization: generalizations/ generalize: generalization, generalized, generalizes, generalizing, overgeneralize/generalship: generalships/overgeneralize: overgeneralized, overgeneralizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The nominee will answer with generalities and evasions.
The New Yorker(Nov 13, 2016)
But some generalities are likely to hold true.
Washington Post(Nov 12, 2016)
Can he turn those generalities into specific actions?
Washington Times(Nov 11, 2016)
Back: n. 概括性的话; 一般性; 大多数
分布：一般性(65%)，概论(21%)，大部分(14%)
【参】generalize（vt 归纳概括；推广普及）
US [-ə.tˌi] noun countable usually plural uncountable
NO DETAILS 概括
■when what someone says contains no details, and often very little meaning, or a comment of this type 概括的表述；笼统的谈论；泛泛之谈
• We need to get away from generalities and focus on the issues. 我们不要再泛泛空谈，要把注意力放在议题上面。
UK [ˌdʒen.ə'ræl.ɪ.ti] US [-ə.tˌi] noun countable usually plural uncountable
MOST 多数的
the generality
only singular formal
■most 大多数的；多半的
• For the generality of young people, university is not an option. 对于大多数的年轻人来说，上大学不是一条可以选择的道路。
n. 概论；普遍性；大部分
 - most of, bulk, majority of

Word: indulgent
Front: indulgent
[ɪnˈdʌldʒənt] (17363/18868 -1)
Vocabulary: indulgent
(once / 1120 pages)
adj
Someone who is self-indulgent gives themselves a lot of treats. Parents who are indulgent cave to every desire their child expresses. Indulgent means lenient, or overly generous.
Indulgent is a word that, here in Puritanical North America, is hard to know how to take. Is it okay to “indulge yourself” as so many spa advertisements suggest? Or is indulgent always associated with excess? You can indulge fantasies of figuring out the answer, or you can give in to an indulgent shrug and move on to another word.
WORD FAMILY
indulgent: indulgently, nonindulgent, overindulgent, self-indulgent+/self-indulgent: self-indulgently
USAGE EXAMPLES
I said I was an optimist; I didn’t say I was indulgent.
The Guardian(Dec 18, 2016)
Sales of custard creams and the humble digestive biscuit are crumbing as Britons opt for healthier and more indulgent treats.
BBC(Dec 06, 2016)
They were very Catholic and – according to friends – indulgent.
The Guardian(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. 放纵的，纵容的; 宽容的; 任性的
分布：溺爱的(33%)，纵容的(29%)，宽容的(29%)，任性的(9%)
→来自indulgent,纵容，放纵。
【反】martinet（严格执行纪律的人）－indulgent individual（放纵者）ascetic（adj 苦行的）；Draconian（adj 严峻的）；spartan（adj 节俭的）
adjective
■allowing someone to have or do what they want, especially when this is not good for them 迁就的；纵容的；宽容的
• indulgent relatives 受到纵容亲戚
• an indulgent smile 宽容的微笑
• He had been a strict father but was indulgent to/towards his grandchildren. 他曾是个严厉的父亲，但对孙子孙女却很娇惯。
adj. 放纵的；宽容的；任性的
 - kind, tolerant, luxurious

Word: racketeering
Front: racketeering
[,ræki'tiəriŋ] (17404/26967)
Vocabulary: racketeering
(once / 14189 pages)
n
Someone who's guilty of racketeering has been participating in something illegal, most likely organized crime or criminal business dealings.
You can use the noun racket to describe an illegal scheme or plan, and racketeering to mean the act of running or engaging in a racket. The word comes up most often when someone is being accused or arrested or convicted of this type of criminal activity. The root of both racket and racketeering is probably racquet, with its connection to the idea of a game.
WORD FAMILY
racketeer: racketeered, racketeering, racketeers+/ racket: racketed, racketeer, racketing, rackets, racketted, racketting, rackety/rackety: racketiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Jurors are discussing three months of evidence in the racketeering conspiracy trial of six alleged Hobos leaders.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Gregory “Bowlegs” Chester and five co-defendants are charged with racketeering that prosecutors say included murders.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Paris Poe and five other alleged Hobos face racketeering conspiracy charges at the federal trial.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 敲诈勒索; 诈骗
分布：诈骗(52%)，敲诈勒索(44%)，动词racketeer的现在分词形式.(4%)
US [-'tɪr.ɪŋ] noun uncountable disapproving
■making money from a dishonest or illegal activity 勒索；诈骗；敲诈
• They have been accused of racketeering. 他们被指控从事非法勾当获取暴利。
n. 敲诈勒索；诈骗
 - false pretences, crookery
v. 敲诈（racketeer的ing形式）；对…进行勒索
 - squeezing

Word: chartered
Front: chartered
[ˈtʃɑ:təd] (17436/6619 -2)
Vocabulary: chartered
(once / 2043 pages)
adj
Something chartered is rented or leased for a short time. A chartered bus is sometimes used to take a class of kids on a field trip to the zoo.
When you charter something, you use it for a specific length of time and pay a fee for it — and when you've done this, it's chartered. Most chartered things are vehicles of some sort, like a chartered airplane or a chartered yacht, used by a group of people who are traveling together. Chartered and charter come from the Latin chartula, "little paper," as in the paper form you fill out when you charter something.
WORD FAMILY
chartered: unchartered+/ chart: charted, charter, charting, chartist, chartless, charts/charted: uncharted / charter: chartered, chartering, charters/chartist: chartists
USAGE EXAMPLES
After graduating from Cambridge University, he became a chartered accountant.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
The airline said a chartered plane was being sent to Malta to bring the passengers back to Libya after the questioning.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
He’s spotted customers arriving by chartered bus from as far away as Tipperary, Cork and Kerry in Ireland’s southwest, four hours away or more.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 特许的; （船等）租的
v. 发给…许可证(charter的过去分词)
分布：特许的(69%)，包租的(21%)，动词charter的过去式和过去分词.(10%)
特许的;包租的(用契约的形式把东西包下来)[card,chart=paper表示"纸片"]
【参】charter（vt 租，包船、车等；n 公司执照；宪章）；chart（n 海图，图表；vt 制图）
US [ˈtʃɑːr.tə˞d]
JOB 职业 UK (of people who do particular jobs) having successfully finished the necessary training and examinations （从事特定职业的人）注册的，特许的，合格的
• He's a chartered surveyor/accountant. 他是个注册测量师／会计师。
adjective UK [ˈtʃɑː.təd] US [ˈtʃɑːr.tə˞d]
RENTED 租用
[before noun]
■rented for a particular purpose 包租的
• a small chartered plane 小型包机
• They spent their annual holiday on a chartered yacht in the Caribbean. 他们的年假是在加勒比海上一艘租来的游艇上度过的。

Word: chiropractor
Front: chiropractor
[ˈkaɪərəʊpræktə(r)] (17319/42602)
Back: n. 脊椎推拿治疗者
分布：脊椎指压治疗者(59%)，按摩师(41%)
US [-roʊ.præk.tɚ] noun countable
■a person whose job is to treat diseases by pressing a person's joints (= places where two bones are connected) , especially those in the back 手疗法医师，按摩师；（尤指）脊椎指压治疗师

Word: insensitivity
Front: insensitivity
[ɪnˌsensə'tɪvətɪ] (17432/18853)
Back: 不灵敏; 不灵敏度; 不敏感; 不敏感性
分布：不敏感(61%)，不灵敏性(20%)，昏迷(13%)，钝性(6%)
ADJ-GRADED
不敏感的;感觉迟钝的;麻木不仁的
If you describe someone as insensitive, you are criticizing them for being unaware of or unsympathetic to other people's feelings.
例：I feel my husband is very insensitive about my problem.我感觉丈夫对我的问题麻木不仁。
ADJ-GRADED
漠视的;不在乎的;毫不在意的
Someone who is insensitive to a situation or to a need does not think or care about it.
例：Women's and Latino organizations that say he is insensitive to civil rights.指责他漠视人权的女性组织与拉美裔组织
ADJ
(对体感)没有感觉的,麻木的
Someone who is insensitive to a physical sensation is unable to feel it.
例：He had become insensitive to cold.他对寒冷已经没有感觉了。
n. 感觉迟钝； [仪] 不灵敏性；昏迷
 - hypoesthesia, obtusion

Word: keyword
Front: keyword
[ˈki:wɜ:d] (15397/8378)
Back: n. 关键字; 关键词
分布：关键字(100%)
→key,关键，word,词。
n. [计] [图情] 关键字
 - reserved words

Word: misbehave
Front: misbehave
[ˌmɪsbɪˈheɪv] (17441/20759)
Vocabulary: misbehave
(once / 6221 pages)
v
When you misbehave, you do something bad. One way to misbehave would be to stand on the roof of your house and throw water balloons at people walking by.
Kids are probably most often said to misbehave, although adults misbehave at least as often. A bank executive, for example, might misbehave by embezzling money, and a politician misbehaves when she lies under oath. The meaning of the word is clear once you know that the prefix mis- means "bad or wrong," from Old English. When you combine it with behave, you get bad behavior.
WORD FAMILY
misbehave: misbehaved, misbehaves, misbehaving, misbehavior+/ behave: behaved, behaves, behaving, behavior, misbehave / behavior: behaviorism, behaviors/behaviorism: behaviorisms, behaviorist, behavioristic/behaviorist: behaviorists/misbehavior: misbehaviors
USAGE EXAMPLES
But not everyone in the public eye generates this reaction when they misbehave.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
Gaming was deemed a privilege Byrne would lose if he misbehaved.
Washington Post(Dec 07, 2016)
It requested a pre-emptive pardon that would avert Bergdahl’s court-martial trial on charges of desertion and misbehaving before the enemy that endangered fellow soldiers.
Seattle Times(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: vi. 行为不端
时态：misbehaved, misbehaving, misbehaves
分布：行为不端(55%)，作弊(25%)，行为无礼貌(20%)
→mis-,坏的，错的，不好的，behave,表现，举止。
【记】源于：behave（v 举动；举止）
verb intransitive
PERSON 人
■to behave badly 举止失礼；行为不端
• I was always getting in trouble for misbehaving at school. 我总是因为在学校里行为不端而惹上麻烦。
[ˌmɪs.bɪ'heɪv] verb intransitive
MACHINE 机器
■If machines misbehave, they do not operate as they should 发生故障，失灵
• If computer circuits are allowed to overheat they will misbehave. 如果电脑电路过热，就会出现故障。
vi. 作弊；行为不礼貌
 - cheat
vt. 使举止失礼；使行为不端
 - misdemean

Word: delude
Front: delude
[dɪˈlu:d] (托雅宝 17446/18506)
Vocabulary: delude
(once / 407 pages)
v
To delude is to trick or fool, often in relation to yourself. If you delude yourself into thinking your mom's chocolate cake is low in fat, you'll be disappointed to find out it's made with two sticks of butter!
If you delude someone into thinking something, you are making a fool of them, or making them foolish. The word shares a root with ludicrous which means completely ridiculous. The thing that you foolishly believe is a delusion. Someone with delusions of grandeur has deluded themselves into thinking they are very, very special.
WORD FAMILY
delude: deluded, deludes, deluding, delusion, delusive, delusory+/ delusion: delusional, delusions/ delusional: delusionally/ delusive: delusively
USAGE EXAMPLES
They are seen by some as deluded excuses rather than helpful explanations.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
“We are waiting for confirmation, but I am not deluding myself.”
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
The children remain little beasts; his father remains a baron of bluster and a deluded idealist, still smitten with the promise of pan-Arabism.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: vt. 欺骗，哄骗
时态：deluded, deluding, deludes
分布：欺骗(66%)，迷惑(24%)，蛊惑(10%)
→de-, 向下，离开。-lud, 玩弄，欺骗，词源同allude, collude.
欺骗(de坏+lude→玩坏的[手段]→欺骗)[lud,lus=play,表示"玩,戏剧"]
【记】de，lude玩弄一玩弄别人一欺骗
【参】allude（vi 暗指；间接提到）；ludicrous（adj 可笑的；愚蠢的）
verb transitive
■to make someone believe something that is not true; to deceive 欺骗，蒙骗
• [R] He's deluding himself if he thinks he's going to be promoted this year. 如果他认为今年将获得提升，那他是在自己骗自己。
vt. 迷惑；逃避；使失望
 - escape, fail

Word: teak
Front: teak
[ti:k] (17354/21503 -1)
Back: n. 柚木; 柚木棕色
分布：柚木(94%)，泰柚(3%)，柚木棕色(3%)
→来自葡萄牙语 teca,来自印度泰米尔语 tekku,柚木。 teakettle 烧水壶
noun uncountable
■(the wood of) a type of large tropical tree 柚木，柚树
• a teak forest 柚树林
• teak furniture 柚木家俱

Word: intelligently
Front: intelligently
[ɪn'telɪdʒəntlɪ] (17447/18519)
Back: adv. 聪明地
分布：聪明地(60%)，明智地(40%)
ADJ-GRADED
聪颖的;有才智的;有灵性的
A person or animal that is intelligent has the ability to think, understand, and learn things quickly and well.
例：Susan's a very bright and intelligent woman who knows her own mind.苏珊是个非常聪明、有主见的女子。
例：...lively and intelligent conversation...生动有趣、聪明睿智的谈话
ADJ
能思维的;智能的
Something that is intelligent has the ability to think and understand instead of doing things automatically or by instinct.
例：An intelligent computer will be an indispensable diagnostic tool for doctors.智能计算机将成为医生不可或缺的诊断工具。
例：...the biggest-ever search for intelligent life elsewhere in the universe.有史以来规模最大的寻找外星智能生命的行动
adv. 聪明地，明智地
 - wisely, cleverly

Word: grumpy
Front: grumpy
[ˈgrʌmpi] (托宝 17444/20346 -1)
Vocabulary: grumpy
(once / 5310 pages)
adj
When your friend suggests a restaurant but you’re in a bad mood so you say “That’s a stupid restaurant” — even though you don’t really mind it — then you’re being grumpy, meaning irritable or grouchy.
There are all kinds of reasons for feeling grumpy: maybe you’re tired or annoyed or you have a headache. Whatever the cause, when you’re grumpy you just want to sulk in a corner. Even though it’s a negative word, it’s a pretty gentle one. When you're grumpy, you’re not mad or mean — you’re just unpleasant for the moment. But don’t tell someone who’s grumpy that he's being grumpy . . . He likely won’t respond kindly to that.
WORD FAMILY
grumpy: grumpier, grumpiest, grumpily, grumpiness+/grump: grumps, grumpy /grumpiness: grumpinesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
She was a grumpy, skeptical woman, and the reason I wanted to be a forensic pathologist for most of my early adolescence.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
"Playing dress-up for the photo was silly" tweeted one particularly grumpy journalist.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
For one thing, he follows every grumpy pronouncement with a light little laugh, as if in on his own joke.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: adj. 脾气坏的; 性情粗暴的; 脾气暴躁的; 性情乖戾的
级别：grumpier, grumpiest
分布：脾气暴躁的(81%)，性情乖戾的(19%)
→来自grump, 坏脾气。
【记】grump（n 脾气坏的人；喜欢抱怨的人）读：grow，p：别的地方不长肉就是P上长－脾气暴躁的读：公安癖：有当警察的癖好，因为脾气暴躁，无处发泄！
['grʌm.pi] informal
adjective
■easily annoyed and complaining 脾气坏的；易生气的；爱抱怨的
• I hadn't had enough sleep and was feeling a bit grumpy. 我睡眠不足，所以感到有点烦躁。
• a grumpy old man 脾气不好的老人
adj. 脾气暴躁的；性情乖戾的
 - ill-tempered, churlish
n. 脾气坏的人；爱抱怨的人
 - crosspatch, curmudgeon

Word: salesperson
Front: salesperson
[ˈseɪlzpɜ:sn] (17417/17896)
Back: n. 售货员
分布：名词(100%)
US [-pɝ:-] noun countable
■a person whose job is selling things in a shop or directly to customers 售货员；推销员
• a car/computer salesperson 汽车／电脑推销员
n. 售货员
 - seller, sales clerk

Word: belch
Front: belch
[beltʃ] (宝 17429/16119 -1)
Back: vi. 打嗝，嗳气; 喷出，吐出; 埋怨，抱怨
vt. 打嗝，嗳气; 喷射，喷出; 态度蛮横地发出（叱咤等）
n. 打嗝，嗳气; 喷出物; 喷吐，喷射; 劣质啤酒
时态：belched, belching, belches
分布：打嗝(72%)，喷出(28%)
→拟声词。
【记】读：白痴。人在打嗝的时候比较象白痴，而且白痴吃东西的时候容易喷的到处都是－猛烈喷出。读：别吃！别吃了，吃的都打嗝了，还吃？
verb intransitive or transitive
■to allow air from the stomach to come out noisily through the mouth 打嗝
• He belched noisily. 他发出很响的打嗝声。
• figurative The exhaust pipe belched out (= produced) dense black smoke. 排气管喷出浓浓的黑烟。
vi. 打嗝；喷出
 - eruct, spout out
vt. 打嗝；喷出
 - spout out, spit up
n. 打嗝；喷出物
 - gurk, eructation

Word: practicum
Front: practicum
['præktɪkəm] (17195/-)
Back: n. 实习科目，实习课
分布：实习课(55%)，实习科目(45%)
n. 实习课；实习科目
 - training course

Word: archdiocese
Front: archdiocese
[ˌɑ:tʃˈdaɪəsɪs] (17555/37939)
Back: n. 大主教的管区
分布：大主教管区(100%)
→前缀arch-, 始，主要。diocese, 教区。
US [ˌɑ:rtʃ-] noun countable
■the area of which an archbishop in some Christian churches is in charge 大主教（管辖）区

Word: bygone
Front: bygone
[ˈbaɪgɒn] (17359/19260 -1)
Vocabulary: bygone
(once / 1631 pages)
adjn
The adjective bygone is good for describing long-ago times. Your grandparents might enjoy looking at old photo albums and reminiscing about bygone days.
A bygone era happened in the distant past, and a bygone sweetheart is an early romantic interest remembered by someone who's since lived a long life. You're most likely to see the phrase "bygone days" being used in a nostalgic way. If someone says, "Let bygones be bygones," they want to make up for long-ago slights and arguments, leaving them in the past where they belong.
WORD FAMILY
bygone: bygones
USAGE EXAMPLES
Like Republicans and Democrats since the Oslo Accords of the 1990s, Kerry is a prisoner of a peace process from a bygone time.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But in the bygone world where all Mississippi lawmakers were Democrats, a party label meant almost nothing, and coalitions were assembled bill-by-bill.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
But that delivery method of a bygone era may be in for a comeback under Donald Trump.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 过去的; 以往的; 很久以前的; 旧式的
n. 过去的（不愉快的）事; 往事
分布：过去的(86%)，过去的事(14%)
过时的(by+gone过去的)[by-表示"在旁边,副的"]
【记】gone过去的－过时的
US [-gɑ:n] adjective [before noun]
■belonging to or happening in a past time 过去的，以往的
• a bygone era 过去的时代
UK ['baɪ.gɒn] US [-gɑ:n] plural noun
let bygones be bygones
■used to tell someone they should forget about unpleasant things that happened in the past, and especially to forgive and forget something bad that someone has done to them （尤指既往不咎）过去的事就让它过去吧
• Just let bygones be bygones and be friends again. 过去的事就别再提了，重归于好吧。
adj. 过去的
 - past, ago, back, bypast

Word: snoop
Front: snoop
[snu:p] (17439/22708)
Vocabulary: snoop
(once / 4464 pages)
vn
When you snoop, you poke around in someone else's business. A teenager might snoop in her sister's room, looking for her diary.
You snoop when you rustle through someone's garbage looking for love letters, and if you spy on your neighbor through the curtains, you also snoop. In fact, if you spend enough time doing this, you'll be called a snoop — a sneaky busybody. The earliest meaning of snoop, "to go around in a prying manner," comes from the Dutch word snoepen, "to pry."
WORD FAMILY
snoop: snooped, snooper, snooping, snoops, snoopy+/snooper: snoopers/snoopy: snoopily, snoopiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Elsewhere, though, data-localisation polices are meant to protect citizens from snooping by foreign powers.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
Snoop Dogg and The Game led a unity march to the Los Angeles Police Headquarters after the killings of Dallas police officers.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Harris was from Long Beach, California, and was a close friend of Snoop Dogg, featuring on his albums, on which he performed skits.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vi. 探听，窥探，管闲事
n. 探听; 窥探; 管闲事
时态：snooped, snooping, snoops
分布：窥探(70%)，到处窥视(12%)，打听(12%)，窥探者(6%)
→来自辅音丛 sn-,鼻子，闻，嗅，发鼻音，比较 sneer,snore,snicker,sniff,snuff.引申比喻义打探， 打听。
verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition informal disapproving
■to look around a place secretly, in order to discover things or find out information about someone or something 窥探，打探
• People were sent out to snoop on rival businesses. 侦探人员被派出打听竞争对手的情况。
• She's the sort of person you can imagine snooping about/around your room when you're not there. 她是那种会趁你不在而偷进你房间的人。
■to try to find out about other people's private lives （对别人的私生活）窥探
• I don't mean to snoop, but is there something wrong? 我不是想打探你的私生活，是不是出了甚么事？
• Clara's husband is snooping on her because he thinks she is seeing another man. 克拉拉的丈夫正在打探她的私生活，因为他认为她在跟另外一个男人交往。
[snu:p] noun
only singular informal
■the act of snooping 窥探，打探
• I think someone's been having a snoop around my office - I didn't leave that drawer open. 我觉得有人偷偷溜进过我的办公室——我走时那个抽屉不是开着的。
countable informal disapproving (also snooper)
■someone who snoops 窥探者，打探者； 爱管闲事的人
• He's such a snoop - he's always going through my mail. 他真是窥探成癖——总是偷看我的信件。
• Most journalists are snoopers by nature. 大多数记者天生就爱打探他人隐私。
vi. 调查，窥探
 - probe, examine, mouse
n. 私家侦探，到处窥视；爱管闲事的人
 - sherlock, private detective
vt. 窥察，窥探
 - pry about, pry into

Word: hello
Front: hello
[hə'ləʊ] (中高 2238/2319 -K3)
Vocabulary: hello
(once / 641 pages)
n
Hello! Hi! How are you doing? Hello is a salutation or greeting commonly used to begin conversations or telephone calls.
Hello has been used as an English greeting since the 19th century. Most agree that it is related to the older French exclamation “Holà” — which means essentially “Ho there!” — like you might say to a horse to tell it to stop. Nowadays it’s still used to get someone’s attention but instead of stopping you’re starting something — usually a chat. Hallo and Hullo are variations of Hello used by British English speakers.
WORD FAMILY
hello: hellos
USAGE EXAMPLES
By design, Kai utters that hello once every seventeen times.
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
Hello, good afternoon and happy old 2016 to you all.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
He greeted 2016 with “Hello,” and ended with a Christmas classic.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: int. 哈喽，喂; 你好，您好; 表示问候; 打招呼
n. “喂”的招呼声或问候声
vi. 喊“喂”
→感叹词，打招呼用语，因电话的普及而广泛流行。最终可能来自hey和lo的合成词。
int.英(美)喂,你好(用来打招呼或引起注意)Hello,it's Tom speaking.喂!我是汤姆.
US [-'oʊ] exclamation noun (UK also hallo) (hullo)
 ESSENTIAL
■used when meeting or greeting someone 喂，你好（用于问候或打招呼）
• Hello, Paul. I haven't seen you for ages. “你好，保罗。好久不见了。”
• I know her vaguely - we've exchanged hellos a few times. 我对她不太熟悉——我们只有打过几次招呼。
• I just thought I'd call by and say hello. 我正好想要去顺道拜访问候一下。
• And a big hello (= welcome) to all the parents who've come to see the show. 非常欢迎所有来看演出的家长。
 ESSENTIAL
■something that is said at the beginning of a telephone conversation （打电话时的招呼语）你好，喂
• "Hello, I'd like some information about your flights to the USA, please." “你好，我想询问一些你们飞往美国的航班资料。”
 ESSENTIAL
■something that is said to attract someone's attention （引起别人注意的招呼语）
• The front door was open so she walked inside and called out, "Hello! Is there anybody in?" 前门开着，于是她走进去喊道：“喂！有人在吗?”
■informal
■said to someone who has just said or done something stupid, especially something that shows they are not noticing what is happening around them （表示认为某人言行愚蠢可笑，尤指对正在发生的事不注意）
• She asked me if I'd just arrived and I was like 'hello, I've been here for an hour.' 她问我是否刚刚到，我回答她说“嗨，我已经到这里一个小时了。”
■old-fashioned
■an expression of surprise （表示惊讶）
• Hello, this is very strange - I know that man. 嘿，这可真奇怪——我认识那个人。
int. 喂；哈罗
 - hallo, holloo

Word: quarter-century

Word: protectionist
Front: protectionist
[prə'tekʃənɪst] (托 17410/21677)
Back: n. 贸易保护主义者
adj. 保护贸易论的
分布：保护贸易论的(67%)，保护贸易论者(33%)
N-COUNT
贸易保护主义者
A protectionist is someone who agrees with and supports protectionism.
例：Trade frictions between the two countries had been caused by trade protectionists.贸易保护主义者引起的两国之间的贸易摩擦。
ADJ-GRADED
（政策、措施、法律）贸易保护主义的
Protectionist policies, measures, and laws are meant to stop or reduce imports.
例：GATT member countries have largely agreed to replace expensive and inefficient protectionist policies with a competitive free market system for world trade.关贸总协定的成员国已大体上同意在全球贸易中用竞争性的自由市场体制取代代价高且效率低的保护主义政策。

Word: enthuse
Front: enthuse
[ɪnˈθju:z] (17459/13815 -1)
Back: vt. 使热情
vi. 对…极热心
时态：enthused, enthusing, enthuses
分布：充满热情地说(100%)
→en-, 进入，使。-thus, 神，词源同theology, theist. 即鬼神附体，发狂，狂热。
US [-'θu:z-] verb
intransitive
■to express excitement about something or great interest in it 津津乐道地叙述；兴奋地说
• He was enthusing over a wonderful restaurant he'd been to. 他正津津乐道地说着他曾去过一间多么好的餐厅。
• [+ speech] "She's the best leader that this country has ever known!" he enthused. “她是这个国家有史以来最优秀的领袖！”他兴奋地说。
transitive
■to give your feeling of excitement and interest in a particular subject to other people 使充满热情；使热心；使感兴趣
• He was passionately interested in classical music but failed to enthuse his children (with it). 他酷爱古典音乐，但却没能让他的孩子也（对此）产生兴趣。

Word: exclusionary
Front: exclusionary
[ɪkˈsklu:ʒənri] (17379/41367)
Back: adj. <正>排斥（性）的，排除在外的
分布：排除(92%)，逐出(5%)，除外(3%)
ADJ-GRADED
排他性的；排除在外的
Something that is exclusionary excludes a particular person or group of people.
例：...exclusionary business practices.排他性的商业行为
adj. 排他的
 - clannish

Word: formalize
Front: formalize
[ˈfɔ:məlaɪz] (17424/16126 -1)
Back: vt. 使正式，形式化; 拘泥形式
vi. 拘泥于形式
时态：formalized, formalizing, formalizes
分布：使正式化(100%)
US ['fɔ:r-] verb transitive
■to make something official or decide to arrange it according to a fixed structure 使成为正式；使有固定体系；使定形
• They started as informal gatherings but they have become increasingly formalized in the last few years. 他们派对起初很随意，但是在过去几年里变得越来越正式。
• We need to formalize our initial thoughts about the way to proceed. 我们需要把对行进方式的最初设想正式定下来。

Word: roulette
Front: roulette
[ru:ˈlet] (17440/22154)
Back: n. 轮盘赌; 骑缝线; 旋轮线
分布：轮盘赌(91%)，转迹线(3%)，用滚轮压骑缝孔(3%)，点线机(3%)
→来自法语 roulette,小轮子，赌盘，来自拉丁语 rotella,小轮子，来自 rota,轮子，-ella,小词后缀， 词源同 rotary,roll.
noun uncountable
■a game of chance in which a small ball is dropped onto a wheel that is spinning and the players guess in which hole it will finally stop 轮盘赌

Word: peeled
Front: peeled
[pi:ld] (17380/34411)
Back: adj. 去皮的
v. 削[剥]去（水果或蔬菜的皮）( peel的过去式和过去分词 ); 覆盖层脱落，剥落; 剥落; 脱落
分布：去皮的(85%)，动词peel的过去式和过去分词形式.(15%)
N-UNCOUNT
（水果）皮，外皮
The peel of a fruit such as a lemon or an apple is its skin.
例：...grated lemon peel.擦碎的柠檬皮
VERB
剥皮；去皮；削皮
When you peel fruit or vegetables, you remove their skins.
例：She sat down in the kitchen and began peeling potatoes.她坐在厨房里，开始削土豆皮。
V-ERG
剥掉；剥落
If you peel off something that has been sticking to a surface or if it peels off, it comes away from the surface.
例：One of the kids was peeling plaster off the wall...其中一个孩子在剥墙上的灰泥。
例：It took me two days to peel off the labels...我花了两天时间才揭下这些标签。
VERB
掉漆
If a surface is peeling, the paint on it is coming away.
例：Its once-elegant white pillars are peeling.曾经典雅的白色立柱正在掉漆。
VERB
（通常因为晒伤而）脱皮，起皮
If you are peeling or if your skin is peeling, small pieces of skin are coming off, usually because you have been burned by the sun.
例：His face, at the moment, was peeling from sunburn.那时他的脸因为晒伤而脱皮。

Word: enviable
Front: enviable
[ˈenviəbl] (17454/15019 -1)
Vocabulary: enviable
(once / 2153 pages)
adj
Things that are enviable are so good that other people want them. People desire enviable things.
Enviable things are so desirable that everybody wants them. A high-paying job is enviable. A vacation in the Caribbean is enviable. Winning the lottery is very enviable. Anytime someone does something impressive or buys something cool, it's likely to be described with the word enviable. Also, a sports team with a big lead could be described as being in an enviable position: other teams would like to be in their position.
WORD FAMILY
enviable: enviably, unenviable+/ envious: enviously, enviousness/ envy: enviable, envied, envies, envious, envying/unenviable: unenviably
USAGE EXAMPLES
While they understand the challenges, Republicans are nonetheless jubilant at their enviable position.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Two A-list actors with male-model good looks, adoring fan clubs, talented wives, and enviable young families.
Time(Dec 23, 2016)
Sister Rachel enjoys her solitude - but she's in the enviable position of choosing to be alone.
BBC(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 值得羡慕的; 引起妒忌的
分布：可羡慕的(63%)，令人欣羡的(37%)
adjective
■If someone is in an enviable situation, you wish you were also in that situation 令人羡慕的
• She's in the enviable position of being able to choose who she works for. 她能够自己选择为谁工作，真令人羡慕。

Word: shipwreck
Front: shipwreck
[ˈʃɪprek] (六托 17434/20784)
Back: n. 灭亡，毁灭，失败，挫败; 船只失事，（海滩上的）失事船残骸
vt. 使失事，使毁灭，使失败
时态：shipwrecked, shipwrecking, shipwrecks
分布：海难(59%)，遇难船(19%)，船只失事(19%)，使遭遇海难(3%)
→ship,船，wreck,破坏，毁坏。
noun countable or uncountable (also wreck)
■an accident in which a ship is destroyed or sunk at sea, especially by hitting rocks, or a ship which has been destroyed or sunk in such an accident （尤指触礁导致的）船只失事，海难；失事船只，沉船
• The danger of shipwreck is much greater in fog. 雾天里，船只失事的危险会大得多。
• There have been many shipwrecks along this dangerous stretch of coastline. 在这段危险的海岸线上，已经发生了很多件沉船事件。
['ʃɪp.rek] verb transitive
■to make someone suffer a shipwreck 使某人遇上海难
• They were shipwrecked off the coast of Newfoundland. 他们的船在纽芬兰海岸附近失事了。
• a shipwrecked sailor 遭遇海难的水手
n. 海难；遇难船
 - perils of the sea, wrecking
vt. 使失事；使毁灭；使失败
 - cast away, play the devil with

Word: enchant
Front: enchant
[ɪnˈtʃɑ:nt] (六托宝 17449/19493 -1)
Vocabulary: enchant
(once / 303 pages)
v
To enchant is to cast a spell over someone, like a witch might do. It also means to attract or catch someone's attention in a less mystical way.
Enchanting has a few meanings, but they all involve seduction. A witch or warlock enchants people they wish to influence through magic spells. A real person enchants in different ways: through jokes, good looks, and charisma. Not only people, but also engrossing songs or shows can be said "to enchant."
WORD FAMILY
enchant: disenchant, enchanted, enchanter, enchanting, enchantment, enchants+/disenchant: disenchanted, disenchanting, disenchantment, disenchants/ disenchanted: disenchantedly/ disenchantment: disenchantments/ enchanted: enchantedly/enchanter: enchanters/ enchanting: enchantingly/ enchantment: enchantments
USAGE EXAMPLES
We visited several of these parks throughout our stay, further crystallizing my memories of these enchanted forests.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
It was an enchanting way to launch the rest of the school day.
The New Yorker(Dec 28, 2016)
I was enchanted, and talked about it with such wonder at home later that we visited again as a family.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: vt. 使心醉，使迷惑; 用魔法迷惑
时态：enchanted, enchanting, enchants
分布：使陶醉(43%)，施魔法(26%)，使迷惑(21%)，使喜悦(10%)
→en-, 进入，使。-chant, 唱歌，念咒，词源同incantation.
使迷醉(en+chant咒语→被咒语所迷醉)[em-,en-①表示"进入…之中,包围"②表示"使…进入状态"]
【参】enchantment（n 迷惑；魅力）；enchanting（adj 迷人的；妩媚的）
US [-'tʃænt] verb transitive
PLEASE 取悦
■to attract or please someone very much 使陶醉；使入迷
• The audience was clearly enchanted by her performance. 观众显然陶醉于她的演出中。
UK [ɪn'tʃɑ:nt] US [-'tʃænt] verb transitive
MAGIC 魔法
■to have a magical effect on someone or something 对…施魔法
attract, charm, enchant, fascinate, tempt
这些动词均含有“吸引，引诱”之意。
attract: 普通用词，指客观上吸引人的注意力。
charm: 侧重迷住某人或使之高兴。
enchant: 着重指有能力引起被迷住者的欢乐或赞美。
fascinate: 通常含使人无法拒绝、无法摆脱的意味。
tempt: 指吸引力很强，强调欲望被唤醒。
vt. 使迷惑；施魔法
 - bemuddle, bewilder

Word: regrettable
Front: regrettable
[rɪˈgretəbl] (17467/13691 -1)
Vocabulary: regrettable
(once / 4608 pages)
adj
Regrettable describes things that make you feel sorry. Letting your sister borrow your own snow shovel became a regrettable decision the moment the big storm started.
Actions and events are regrettable if they result in feelings of regret, or if they're unwelcome or undesirable. Wearing your least comfortable shoes on a walking tour of Paris will be a regrettable choice if blisters form on your toes. Remember, regrettable describes things like decisions, actions or words. Regretful is for describing people and feelings that express regret.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
regrettably / regretfully
Regrettably is used when something's a bummer, but it's not necessarily your fault. Regretfully is when you're full of regret, like if you decided to stay home and your friends saw your crush at the dance.
Both words have the same root: regret, meaning to feel sadness, repentance, or disappointment, but they each have their own way of dealing with it. Regrettably describes something that deserves regret, and is used like the word "unfortunately." Regrettably is like bad luck, and it often kicks off a sentence:
Regrettably, Mr. Gao and Dr. Liu's imprisonment reflect the increased assaults on the rule of law and the repression faced by human rights advocates in China. (Council for a Community of Democracies)
Regrettably, some consumer advocates have joined in that chorus. (New York Times)
"Regrettably, few weapons in the history of warfare, once created, have gone unused," Lynn said. (Forbes)
But regretfully is more like a polite way to say sadly, like if you must regretfully decline an invitation to the garden party. Or if you're full of regret, like if you regretfully stayed in on Saturday night because you thought the party would be boring. Regretfully can begin a sentence, but it usually doesn't:
"I am half sorry we spared him after all," Leonidas said regretfully. (Robert H. Fuller)
The man looked down at his boy sadly, sorrowfully, regretfully. (Maurice Thompson)
People have confused them so often, by using regretfully as a sentence adverb to mean unfortunately, that it's kind of okay to do it now. Both words look behind them and wish something else had happened, but regrettably is when it's not your fault, and regretfully is when you're full of it. (Regret, that is.)
WORD FAMILY
regrettable: regrettably +/ regret: regretful, regrets, regrettable, regretted, regretting/ regretful: regretfully, unregretful/regretting: unregretting/unregretful: unregretfully
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Our hearts are heavy for the pain caused by eugenics. It was a sad and regrettable chapter … one that must never be repeated.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 26, 2016)
“It’s regrettable that the witnesses disregarded the authority of the people and the parliament by ignoring their obligation to attend,” said committee chairman Kim Sung-Tae.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
On Sunday, Germany’s Foreign Ministry called the incident “regrettable,” even as social-media pundits and politicians across the political spectrum fumed.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 令人遗憾的; 可惜的; 可悲的; 抱歉的
分布：遗憾的(79%)，可惜的(11%)，可叹的(10%)
US [-'gretˌ-] formal
adjective
■making you feel sad and sorry about something 使人悔恨的；令人遗憾的；不幸的；可悲的
• a most/deeply regrettable mistake 令人深感懊悔的错误
adj. 令人遗憾的；可惜的；可悲的；抱歉的
 - sorry, unfortunate

Word: gripe
Front: gripe
[graɪp] (宝 17456/32678 -1)
Vocabulary: gripe
(once / 2693 pages)
vn
The word gripe, as both noun and verb, refers to a minor complaint. Why gripe about the size of the portions when the food is so awful?
The key to gripe is that as complaints go, it's trivial. You don't gripe about your house burning down or the cost of medical care. You gripe about your friend's status updates and the fact the Yankees have too much money. A gripe can last a while. For example, the city has been hearing gripes about parking rules for a generation, but as complaints go, it's just not getting a lot of traction. One person's gripe, however, can be another person's major headache. It all depends on your point of view.
WORD FAMILY
gripe: griped, gripes, griping+/griping: gripings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Boycotts are not just futile griping; they often work.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
The sower aside, Giese said the plate’s colors will be the main gripe.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
It seemed significant that his piece both began and ended by griping about Hillary Clinton.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 紧握，抓住; 肠绞痛; 抱怨
vt. 绞痛; 握紧; 惹恼
vi. 抱怨，发牢骚; 肠绞痛
时态：griped, griping, gripes
分布：抱怨(68%)，肠绞痛(20%)，掌握(4%)，使 ... 痛苦(4%)，抓住(4%)
→词源同grab, grapple. 比喻义麻烦缠身的，痛苦，抱怨，发牢骚。
【记】gripe＝grow ripe变得成熟－又老了一岁，很多人会抱怨。Gripe源于grasp（n /v 抓住；掌握），所以gripping（adj 引起人注意的）
[graɪp] informal
noun countable
■a strong complaint 抱怨；怨言；牢骚
• Her main gripe is that she's not being trained properly. 她主要是抱怨自己没有受到很好的训练。
n. 控制；发牢骚；肠绞痛
 - control, grasp, hold, guiding, command
vt. 绞痛；握紧；惹恼
 - keep hold of, enclasp
vi. 抱怨，发牢骚；肠绞痛
 - beef about, repine

Word: patented
Front: patented
['pætntɪd] (17452/23557)
Back: 有专利权的
分布：专利的(98%)，动词patent的过去式和过去分词形式.(2%)
N-COUNT
专利权
A patent is an official right to be the only person or company allowed to make or sell a new product for a certain period of time.
例：P&G applied for a patent on its cookies...宝洁公司为它的饼干申请专利权。
例：He held a number of patents for his many innovations...他拥有多项发明的专利权。
VERB
得到…的专利权
If you patent something, you obtain a patent for it.
例：He patented the idea that the atom could be split...他获得了“原子可以再分”这一概念的专利权。
例：The invention has been patented by the university.那项发明已被那所大学申请了专利。
ADJ-GRADED
（尤指坏事物）明显的，显而易见的
You use patent to describe something, especially something bad, in order to indicate in an emphatic way that you think its nature or existence is clear and obvious.
例：This was patent nonsense.这明显是胡说八道。
例：...a patent lie.赤裸裸的谎言
adj. 专利的
 - monopolistic, proprietary

Word: chieftain
Front: chieftain
[ˈtʃi:ftən] (17442/15391)
Back: n. （部落）酋长，族长，首领
分布：酋长(59%)，首领(41%)
→来自chief, 主要的。
noun countable
■the leader of a tribe （部落）酋长，首领
n. 酋长；首领
 - leader, captain, boss

Word: thistle
Front: thistle
[ˈθɪsl] (17374/12189)
Back: n. 蓟; 苏格兰的国徽
分布：名词(100%)
→一种多刺草本植物，来自古英语 thistel,蓟，来自 Proto-Germanic*thistilaz,刺毛，可能来自 stei,尖刺，词源同 stick,thorn.-el,小词后缀。
noun countable
■a wild plant with sharp points on the leaves and, typically, purple flowers 蓟（叶带尖刺，多开紫色花）
• The thistle is the national emblem of Scotland. 蓟是苏格兰的国花。

Word: redraw
Front: redraw
[ˌri:ˈdrɔ:] (17465/19970 -1)
Back: v. 重画; 刷新屏幕
分布：重新安排或计划(100%)
→re-,再，重新，draw,拉，描绘。
VERB
重划（边境或边界）
If people in a position of authority redraw the boundaries or borders of a country or region, they change the borders so that the country or region covers a slightly different area than before.
例：They have redrawn the country's boundaries along ethnic lines...他们已经按照民族界线重新划定了国家的边界。
例：The map of post-war Europe was redrawn.战后欧洲的版图被重新划定。
VERB
改变，改动（安排、计划等）
If people redraw something, for example an arrangement or plan, they change it because circumstances have changed.
例：With both countries experiencing economic revolutions, it might be time to redraw the traditional relationship...两国都在经历经济革命，现在可能是重新描绘两国传统关系的时候。
例：The Treaty of Union should be redrawn.应该重新制定《联盟条约》。
vt. 重画
 - repaint

Word: contort
Front: contort
[kənˈtɔ:t] (宝 17409/20536)
Vocabulary: contort
(once / 2243 pages)
v
To contort something is to bend or twist it out of its original shape. Faces are often said to contort with one particular emotion or another.
In general contort refers to something that is fairly adaptable and can return to its previous shape. A face, after it has contorted with rage, for example, will return to its normal expression (unless you've done something really bad.). If you bend or twist your sister's doll, you "break it" rather than "contort it."
WORD FAMILY
contort: contorted, contorting, contortion, contorts+/ contorted: contortedly/ contortion: contortionist, contortions/ contortionist: contortionists
USAGE EXAMPLES
“There are innumerable images of candidates seemingly contorted in expression or gesture,” the artist said.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
For several months after that debacle, Democrats contorted themselves in self-examination.
The Guardian(Nov 29, 2016)
His somber tones and cubist, contorted figures have poetic energy but also a tension that echoed my unease.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 扭曲，扭弯
时态：contorted, contorting, contorts
分布：曲解(80%)，走样(20%)
→con-, 强调。-tort, 转，扭曲，词源同turn,torque.
拧弯;曲解(con全部+tort→全部扭曲→拧弯)[tort=twist表示"扭曲"]
【记】con共同，tort弯曲－共同弯曲－扭曲
【参】distort（v 扭曲；歪曲）；tortuous（adj 曲折的；转弯抹角的）；torture（v /n 折磨）；contortion（n 扭曲；弯曲）
US [-'tɔ:rt] verb intransitive or transitive
■to (cause something to) twist or bend violently and unnaturally into a different shape or form （使）扭曲；（使）歪曲；（使）变形
• His face contorted with bitterness and rage. 他的脸因仇恨和愤怒而扭曲。
vt. 扭曲；曲解
 - distort, misinterpret
vi. 扭曲
 - distort

Word: belle
Front: belle
[bel] (15427/12665)
Vocabulary: belle
(once / 467 pages)
n
A belle is a young woman singled out for being more attractive and charming than other women, as in the phrase belle of the ball. Cinderella was the belle of the ball, at least until midnight.
Belle comes from the Latin bella for “beautiful.” If you ever hear a woman being called a belle, it has nothing to do with ringing; she's super foxy. A Southern Belle is a lovely girl from the South, like Scarlett O’Hara from Gone with the Wind. A belle can be from anywhere, though, as long as she stands out. A belle has rivals, but she is more attractive and desirable. The belle is a little like the prom queen.
WORD FAMILY
belle: belles
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Dec. 5 spill on the Belle Fourche pipeline also was discovered by a landowner.
Washington Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Beyer Blinder Belle, the New York architecture firm, performed an act of thoughtful and immaculate preservation.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Here are some questions and answers about the spill on the Belle Fourche Pipeline:
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 美女; 最美的美女
分布：美女(100%)
→来自词根bel, 好的，美丽的，词源同beauty.
美女[bell=fine(美好)]
[bel] old-fashioned
noun countable
■a beautiful and attractive woman or one who is beautifully dressed 美人
[bel] old-fashioned
noun countable
be the belle of the ball
■to be the most attractive woman at party or similar event 舞会之花，派对中最引人注目的女人
• She wore a dress of crimson silk to the dinner and was the belle of the ball. 她穿了一件深红色的丝质晚装赴宴，成为宴会上最美的女人。
n. 美女
 - Dames, Shawty

Word: accredited
Front: accredited
[əˈkredɪtɪd] (17448/22055)
Vocabulary: accredited
(once / 2692 pages)
adj
When you're accredited in your profession, you've shown that you meet certain standards. Schools and colleges are accredited by various educational organizations, dentists are accredited by the American Dental Association, and other professionals are accredited by their own organizations.
The key to accredited is the word in the middle: credit. If you give someone credit, you praise them and recognize something they've done. Accredited is similar: If you’re a school or a doctor or another kind of professional, being accredited means you've been tested and evaluated by an outside person or committee and these specialists agree that you meet the standards of that profession. When people hire you, they can be assured that you know what you’re doing.
WORD FAMILY
accredited: unaccredited+/accredit: accreditation, accredited, accrediting, accredits/ accreditation: accreditations
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Moreover, I am inviting all children of US diplomats accredited in Russia to the New Year and Christmas parties in the Kremlin,” he said.
Time(Dec 30, 2016)
Some 1400 journalists are accredited to this year’s conference in Moscow.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
Other investor-community sites help accredited investors find startups to invest in, but the larger ones such as CircleUp focus on areas outside of tech.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 可接受的; 可信任的; 公认的; 质量合格的
v. 相信( accredit的过去式和过去分词 ); 委托; 委任; 把…归结于
分布：可接受的(37%)，被认可的(35%)，委任的(14%)，动词accredit的过去式和过去分词.(14%)
US [-tˌɪd] adjective
■officially recognized or approved 官方认可的；获正式承认的；鉴定合格的
• an accredited drama school 经鉴定合格的戏剧学校
• accredited war correspondents 特派战地记者
v. 认可（accredit的过去分词形式）
 - allowed
adj. 公认的；可信任的
 - recognized, accepted, admitted, acknowledged

Word: welder
Front: welder
[ˈweldə(r)] (17463/23018)
Back: n. 焊接工
分布：焊接工(100%)
US [-dɚ] noun countable
■a person whose job is welding 焊工

Word: unaccustomed
Front: unaccustomed
[ˌʌnəˈkʌstəmd] (17468/15483)
Vocabulary: unaccustomed
(once / 1383 pages)
adj
If you're unaccustomed to something, you're not used to it. When you're unaccustomed to riding a horse, it might take a while to get the hang of staying in the saddle.
An unaccustomed knock on the door might startle you and make your dog bark in alarm, and an unaccustomed bonus in your paycheck will come as a happy surprise. You might feel awkward having tea with a princess in a palace if you're unaccustomed to fine dining and dignified table manners. The prefix un here means "not," and it's combined with accustom, with its ultimate Latin root word consuetudinem, "habit, usage, practice, or custom."
WORD FAMILY
unaccustomed: unaccustomedly+/ accustom: accustomed, accustoming, accustoms/ accustomed: accustomedly, unaccustomed
USAGE EXAMPLES
Unaccustomed to such an overwhelming case of nerves, I was unable to continue.
The New Yorker(Dec 14, 2016)
It was Ireland’s first such killing in four years and stunned the residents of Cork, who are unaccustomed to such violence.
Seattle Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Some employees have initially been nervous during the shadowing, unaccustomed to having the CEO staring over their shoulder.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 不习惯的; 不寻常的; 奇怪的; 不熟悉的
分布：不习惯的(88%)，异乎惯例的(12%)
adjective
[after verb]
■not familiar with; not accustomed 不习惯的；不适应的
• The weather presented a particular challenge, especially for American servicemen unaccustomed to subarctic conditions. 这种天气尤其对不适应亚北极地区气候的美国军人提出了特别的挑战。
[before noun]
■not usual 不寻常的
• The Olympic and world champion finished in the unaccustomed position of fourth. 这位奥运会冠军和世界冠军表现失常，最后仅仅获得了第四名。
adj. 不习惯的；奇怪的
 - strange, unwonted

Word: boldness
Front: boldness
['bəʊldnɪs] (17474/18931)
Back: n. 大胆，冒失，勇敢; 魄力
分布：大胆(80%)，冒失(14%)，显著(6%)
ADJ-GRADED
大胆的；勇敢的；无畏的
Someone who is bold is not afraid to do things which involve risk or danger.
例：Amrita becomes a bold, daring rebel...阿姆里塔成了一个勇敢无畏的叛逆者。
例：In 1960 this was a bold move...在1960年，这是一个大胆的举动。
ADJ-GRADED
（在众人面前）大胆的，放肆的，莽撞的
Someone who is bold is not shy or embarrassed in the company of other people.
例：I don't feel I'm being bold, because it's always been natural for me to just speak out about whatever disturbs me.我不觉得我有什么唐突，因为我素来心直口快，有什么烦心的都会说出来。
ADJ-GRADED
（色彩或图案）明亮的，醒目的
A bold colour or pattern is very bright and noticeable.
例：...bold flowers in various shades of red, blue or white.色彩鲜艳、浓淡不一的红、蓝、白色花朵
例：...bold, dramatic colours.醒目生动的色彩
ADJ-GRADED
(线条）粗重的；（图案）清晰的
Bold lines or designs are drawn in a clear, strong way.
例：Each picture is shown in colour on one page and as a bold outline on the opposite page.每幅图片的彩样都单独印在一页上，而在该页的背面会映出清晰的轮廓。
N-UNCOUNT
（印刷字体）粗体字，黑体字
Bold is print which is thicker and looks blacker than ordinary printed letters.
n. 大胆；冒失；显著
 - liberty, audaciousness

Word: eighth-grade

Word: wired
Front: wired
[ˈwaɪəd] (17421/34225)
Back: adj. 接有电线的; 以线加强的; （受酒精或毒品影响而）迷醉的; 玻璃、材料等（为使坚挺或坚固）内含金属丝的
n. 美国的《连线》杂志 WIRED杂志是美国著名的网络电子类杂志，反映电脑技术应用于现代和未来人类生活的各个方面。
分布：有线的(54%)，以铁丝围起的(19%)，动词wire的过去式和过去分词形式.(9%)，十分兴奋的(9%)，供以电线的(9%)
US [waɪrd] (also wired up) mainly US informal
adjective [after verb]
■nervous or excited about a future event （因未来的某事而）紧张不安的，兴奋的
• I was totally wired before the interview. 面试之前我十分紧张。

Word: minefield
Front: minefield
[ˈmaɪnfi:ld] (17469/13969 -1)
Back: n. 布雷区，水雷阵; 充满隐伏危险的事物
分布：雷区(96%)，需小心应付的局势(4%)
→mine,地雷，field,场。minefield 雷区
noun countable
BOMBS 炸弹
■an area of land or water which contains mines (= bombs) 雷区
['maɪn.fɪəld] noun countable
PROBLEMS 难题
■a situation or subject which is very complicated and full of hidden problems and dangers （雷区似的）危险形势；隐藏着问题和危险的事物
• a legal minefield 法律上的严峻局面
• a minefield of ethical problems 道德问题泛滥的境况
n. 布雷区；充满隐伏危险的事物
 - mining area

Word: whirl
Front: whirl
[wɜ:l] (研四六雅 8035/10659 -1)
Vocabulary: whirl
(once / 295 pages)
nv
A whirl is a quick spin, and when something whirls, it rotates fast. You can also use it to mean "a try." Hang-gliding? Snake-charming? "Sure," you say. "I'll give it a whirl."
Both whirl and spin are words that mean "turn in circles" but that have also come to mean trying something briefly––you might take a car for a spin or take a turn hiking in the Himalayas. All imply an attitude so free-wheeling, so easy, so devil-may-care that it might make your head spin. Or whirl.
WORD FAMILY
whirl: whirled, whirler, whirling, whirls+/whirler: whirlers/whirling: whirlings
USAGE EXAMPLES
He ripped off his tie early in the second half and whirled his arms with increasing ferocity as the game wore on.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Which works because the Rio Games were a whirl, a kaleidoscopic fortnight of sport that left everyone dizzy.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
“You won’t find many here who are enthusiastic about being less in the whirl of things.”
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: vi. 旋转，回旋; 急走，飞奔; 头晕眼花
vt. 使旋转，使回旋; 卷走; 飞快地带走; 眼花，眩晕
n. 旋转，回旋; 昏乱; [动，植]轮，环; 一连串的事
时态：whirled, whirling, whirls
分布：旋转(45%)，回旋(27%)，尝试(10%)，混乱(10%)，一个接一个的活动(2%)，头晕目眩(2%)，迅速移动(2%)，使 ... 旋转(2%)
→词源同wharf,旋转，码头。
v.(使)旋转,打转n.旋转;-连串快速的活动My head whirls.我头晕目眩.
US [wɝ:l] verb intransitive or transitive
■to (cause something to) turn around in circles （使…）旋转；（使…）回旋转
• She saw a mass of bodies whirling round on the dance floor. 她看到一大群人的身影在舞池里旋转。
• He stepped out into the night and the whirling snow. 他走出来，融入夜色与飞旋的雪花之中。
• He whirled her round until she felt quite sick. 他带着她旋转，直到她觉得非常恶心。
UK [wɜ:l] US [wɝ:l] verb intransitive or transitive
head/mind is whirling
■If your head/mind is whirling, your mind is full of thoughts and images and you are so excited that you cannot relax. 脑子充满想法；头脑非常兴奋
UK [wɜ:l] US [wɝ:l] noun
ACTIVITY 活动
only singular
■a continuous and exciting period of activity 接连不断的某种活动
• The next two days passed in a whirl of activity. 接下来的两天，接连不断地举行了很多活动。
• I found myself swept up in the social whirl of college life and scarcely had time for work. 我发现自己接连不断地参加大学里的社交活动，几乎没有时间用功学习。
UK [wɜ:l] US [wɝ:l] noun
TURN 回转
countable usually singular
■when something turns around in circles 旋转；回旋
• a whirl of snow 雪花的飞旋
UK [wɜ:l] US [wɝ:l] noun
be in a whirl
■to be excited and confused and unable to think clearly 思绪混乱
UK [wɜ:l] US [wɝ:l] noun
give it a whirl informal
■to attempt to do something, often for the first time （常指初次）尝试做
• I've never danced salsa before but I'll give it a whirl. 我以前从未跳过萨尔萨舞，但我要尝试一下。
whirl, turn, roll, rotate, revolve, spin, circle
这组词都有“转动、旋转”的意思，其区别是：
whirl: 指旋转或作圆周运动，侧重急速或力量。
turn: 普通用词，中性，含义不确切，可指作一个圆周运动或连续地作圆周运动，也可指仅是沿圆的弧形转动。
roll: 指某物在平面上滚动或翻滚。
rotate: 侧重指物体围绕自己的轴或中心旋转，即自转。
revolve: 强调指物体围绕本身以外的中心旋转，即公转。
spin: 指沿内轴迅速而连续旋转，或沿外部一个点作快速圆周运转。
circle: 指作圆周运动。
n. 旋转，回旋；昏乱；一连串的事；短暂的旅行
 - revolution, rotation, rolling, turning
vi. 旋转，回旋；急走；头晕眼花
 - wheel, circle, spin
vt. 使旋转；卷走，飞快地带走
 - turn, spin, swing

Word: defensible
Front: defensible
[dɪˈfensəbl] (17443/19950)
Vocabulary: defensible
(once / 3883 pages)
adj
Something that's defensible is excusable — you can defend it or justify it. Mistaking your friend for her twin sister, as awkward as it may be, is a defensible blunder.
In politics, there are often issues to which some people object strongly, while others argue that they're completely defensible positions. You may believe it's defensible to wage war in some circumstances, while your pacifist friend thinks it's never okay to kill for any reason. Defensible comes from an Old French root, defendre, "defend or resist," from the Latin root defendere, "guard or protect."
WORD FAMILY
defensible: defensibility, defensibly, indefensible +/ defence: defenceless, defences, self-defence/defenceless: defencelessly, defencelessness/ defend: defence, defendable, defendant, defended, defender, defending, defends, defensible, defensive /defendable: undefendable/ defendant: co-defendant, defendants/defender: defenders/ defensive: defensively, defensiveness, defensives/ indefensible: indefensibly
USAGE EXAMPLES
It also means keeping Israel defensible against foreign armies, which often means requiring a continued Israeli military presence in parts of the West Bank.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
But this would require the agency to complete a notice-and-comment process under the Administrative Procedure Act, and to identify judicially defensible reasons for repeal.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
The trees need to be felled to create a defensible space around the building in case of wildfire.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 能防御的，能辩护的
分布：可辩护的(51%)，可拥护的(33%)，可防卫的(16%)
(US also defendable)
adjective
■able to be protected from attack, or able to be supported by argument 有防卫能力的；合乎情理的，有正当理由的
• A city built on an island is easily defensible. 建在岛上的城市较易于防守。
• High petrol taxes are defensible on ecological grounds. 从保护生态环境的角度来说，征收高额汽油税是有道理的。
adj. 可防御的；可辩护的；可拥护的
 - vindicable

Word: lance
Front: lance
[lɑ:ns] (宝 15435/11513 -1)
Vocabulary: lance
(once / 366 pages)
nv
A warrior during the Middle Ages most often carried a lance, or a long, pointed spear, as a weapon.
Throughout history, soldiers mounted on horseback have often carried some variation of a lance — something long and sharp for jabbing at enemy warriors. Lances were carried as far back as ancient Roman armies and as recently as Plains Indians after they were introduced to horses in the eighteenth century. The Latin root word, lancea , means "light spear" or "Spanish spear."
WORD FAMILY
lance: lanced, lancelike, lancer, lances, lancing+/lancer: lancers
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Mike is obsessed by exploring the connection between the dramatic and the real,” the director Lance Hammer, a neighbor of Mills’s, said.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Spawning surf smelt and sand lance use the shoreline, too.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
An English group wants armored horsemen with thrusting lances to compete for gold in jousting.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 长矛，标枪; 长矛骑兵; [医]柳叶刀; 矛状器具
vt. 用柳叶刀切开; 用矛刺穿; 投，掷
vi. 急速前进
时态：lanced, lancing, lances
分布：用柳叶刀切开(36%)，矛状器具(16%)，鱼叉(8%)，配矛骑兵(8%)，快速向前(8%)，投掷(8%)，以枪矛攻击(8%)，枪矛(8%)
→来自拉丁语lancea,长矛，词源同freelancer.
【记】读：烂撕－用长矛把鱼撕烂－鱼叉。
US [lænts] noun countable
■a long thin pole with a sharp point which soldiers used in the past as a weapon when riding horses 长矛
UK [lɑ:nts] US [lænts] verb transitive
■to cut the skin with a sharp tool in order to release infected matter that has collected under it 切开，划开（感染处放脓）
• She had a boil lanced at the doctor's this morning. 今天早晨她去诊所切开了一个疖子放脓。

Word: populism
Front: populism
[ˈpɒpjəlɪzəm] (17400/24330)
Vocabulary: populism
(once / 2932 pages)
n
If you feel that ordinary working people should have the strongest political voice, you can say you believe in populism.
In politics, the term populism can have different meanings depending on who is using it and what their political goals are. At its root, populism is a belief in the power of regular people, and in their right to have control over their government rather than a small group of political insiders or a wealthy elite. The word populism comes from the Latin word for "people," populus.
WORD FAMILY
populism: populist +/ populist: populists
USAGE EXAMPLES
He saw the signs in the US and the UK of populism on the rise.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Some denounce populism as little more than a racist, xenophobic reaction against immigrants and multiculturalism.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
So “populism” is now overwhelmingly used as a euphemism for a style of politics that plays on xenophobia and hatred of expertise.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 平民主义，平民论
分布：平民主义(87%)，平民论(13%)
→popul-,人，民众，-ism,主义，思想。
US ['pɑ:.pjə-] mainly disapproving
noun uncountable
■political ideas and activities that are intended to represent ordinary people's needs and wishes 平民主义，平民论；民粹主义
• Their ideas are simple populism - tax cuts and higher wages. 他们的主张纯粹是平民主义——减税加薪。

Word: lair
Front: lair
[leə(r)] (宝 17399/19267)
Vocabulary: lair
(once / 2024 pages)
n
A lair is a wild animal's den. If you ever find yourself in a forest and face to face with a bear trying to lure you into his lair, beware! He may be plotting to eat you.
The noun lair has its roots in the Old English leger, meaning “bed, couch, place of lying down.” It eventually became an “animal’s den” in the early 15th century. A person can have a lair, too, like the photo-covered basement of a serial killer, or a less scary person might have a cozy lair lined with plush carpet. Always poke a stick into a lair before going in, because you never know what sort of beast is lurking inside.
WORD FAMILY
lair: lairs
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was also important to all involved that, no matter how wacky things might get in Laird’s lair, that everyone remain grounded in reality.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
So it was in New York on Wednesday when the assembled titans fawned on their host in his blinged-up lair.
The Guardian(Dec 18, 2016)
A counter-weighted pulley-contraption rises above the underground lair to allow the heavy metal door to keep from flying open and exposing the cave.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. （野兽的）巢穴，窝; （人的）藏身处
分布：名词(100%)
→来自古英语leger, 床，躺下，放置，词源同lager,lay.引申词义兽穴，避难所。拼写比较fair.
【记】源于：lion狮子住的lair
US [ler] noun countable usually singular
■a place where a wild animal lives, often underground and hidden, or a place where a person hides 兽穴，兽窝；（人的）藏身处，躲藏处
• a fox's lair 狐狸的巢穴
• the thieves' lair 贼窝
n. （野兽的） [动] 巢穴；躲藏处
 - hide, hiding place

Word: infatuation
Front: infatuation
[ɪnˌfætʃuˈeɪʃn] (宝 17477/21189)
Vocabulary: infatuation
(once / 2484 pages)
n
Infatuation is falling in love with or becoming extremely interested in someone or something for a short time. If you have an infatuation with a particular singer, you probably listen to her on repeat all day long, at least this week.
If something infatuates you, it has caused you to become foolish. We say you have an infatuation when you express a crazy, extreme love of something––a person, a style, a band, anything. Infatuations usually don’t last. Like incredibly intense crushes or the stomach flu, infatuations come on strong and then get forgotten.
WORD FAMILY
infatuation: infatuations+/ infatuate: infatuated, infatuates, infatuating, infatuation / infatuated: infatuatedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the earlier part of this decade, I myself fell prey to a similar infatuation.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
“Dancing to you all night long/you’re a new song,” they sing, capturing the infatuation of music merged with romance.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
"An increasing dislike for the deceased and his infatuation with Ms Livermore provided a motive for the accused to murder the deceased," he said.
BBC(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 热恋，迷恋
分布：迷恋(100%)
→来自infatuate,迷恋，痴迷。
【记】infatuated（adj 昏头昏脑的；入迷的）；fatuous（adj 愚昧的）fat胖人给人一种愚蠢的感觉
【反】odium（n 憎恶；厌恶）
noun countable or uncountable
■strong but not usually lasting feelings of love or attraction （通常短期）热恋，着迷
• It's just an infatuation. She'll get over it. 这只是一时的痴迷，她会从中恢复过来的。
• No one expected their infatuation with each other to last. 没有人认为他们的热恋会持久。
n. 迷恋；醉心
 - Carried Away, lost in

Word: admitting
Front: admitting
[əd'mɪtɪŋ] (17479/19640)
Back: v. 许可进入( admit的现在分词 ); 承认，供认; 允许; 确认
分布：动词(98%)，名词(2%)
VERB
（常指不情愿地）承认，供认
If you admit that something bad, unpleasant, or embarrassing is true, you agree, often unwillingly, that it is true.
例：I am willing to admit that I do make mistakes...我愿意承认我确实会犯错。
例：Up to two thirds of 14 to 16 year olds admit to buying drink illegally...14到16岁的青少年中多达2/3的人承认非法买过酒。
VERB
接受（入院）；收治
If someone is admitted to hospital, they are taken into hospital for treatment and kept there until they are well enough to go home.
例：She was admitted to hospital with a soaring temperature...她因发高烧被送进医院。
例：He was admitted yesterday for treatment of blood clots in his lungs.他昨天入院治疗肺部的血块。
VERB
准许…加入；接纳；招收
If someone is admitted to an organization or group, they are allowed to join it.
例：He was admitted to the Academie Culinaire de France...他获准加入法兰西厨艺学会。
例：The Parachute Regiment could be forced to admit women.伞兵团可能会被迫招收女性。
VERB
准许…进入
To admit someone to a place means to allow them to enter it.
例：Embassy security personnel refused to admit him or his wife...使馆保安人员不允许他和夫人进入。
例：Journalists are rarely admitted to the region.新闻记者很少获准进入该地区。
v. 承认（admit的ing形式）
 - recognizing, acknowledging

Word: tiptoe
Front: tiptoe
[ˈtɪptəʊ] (13538/16864 -1)
Back: n. 脚尖
vi. 踮着脚走
adj. 踮着脚走的; 偷偷摸摸的
adv. 踮着脚地; 小心翼翼地
时态：tiptoed, tiptoeing, tiptoes
分布：脚尖(58%)，用脚尖走(24%)，用脚尖(18%)
→tip,尖点，toe,脚趾。比喻用法。
US [-toʊ] noun
on tiptoe(s)
■on your toes with the heel of your foot lifted off the ground 踮着脚尖
• The children stood on tiptoe in order to pick the apples from the tree. 孩子们踮着脚尖从树上摘苹果。
• They walked across the room on tiptoe so as not to waken the baby. 他们蹑手蹑脚地穿过房间，生怕惊醒婴儿。
UK ['tɪp.təʊ] US [-toʊ] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to walk on your toes with the heel of your foot lifted off the ground, especially in order not to make a noise 用脚尖走；踮着脚走（脚后跟离开地面，用脚尖行走，尤其是为了避免发出噪音）
• He waited until his daughter was asleep, then tiptoed quietly out of the room. 他等女儿睡着后才蹑手蹑脚地悄悄走出房间。
UK ['tɪp.təʊ] US [-toʊ] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
  Phrasal Verbs  tiptoe round/around sth/sb informal
■to avoid dealing with a difficult subject, problem or person 回避（难应付的话题、问题或人）
• Guy keeps tiptoeing round the problem, instead of confronting it. 盖伊一直在回避，而不是正视这个问题。
adj. 踮着脚走的；偷偷摸摸的
 - hole-and-corner, secretive

Word: octave
Front: octave
[ˈɒktɪv] (17343/13119)
Vocabulary: octave
(once / 2695 pages)
1n 2n 3n
An octave is a musical interval of eight notes. Sing from “do” to “do” — on key — and you will have an octave.
Like octagon and octopus, the key to an octave is “eight.” An octave may be the entire eight-note scale, or just the bottom and top notes, like C and C. Octave can also refer to an eight-line group in an Italian sonnet, or an eight-day festival; in fact, the word comes from the Latin expression octava dies, meaning “eighth day” — as in the eighth festival day after a feast. The ave in octave is usually pronounced “iv.”
WORD FAMILY
octave: octaves
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Should I bring it an octave higher?” he asked, and of course, the crowd roared back in the affirmative.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 03, 2016)
Cats’ ears can move in multiple directions, and they can hear at two octaves higher than people.
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
The Sentinel reports the 19-year-old Octave was sent to South Carolina last week after serving time in the drug case.
Seattle Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. <音>八度音; 八度音阶; 高八度音; 八度和音
分布：倍频程(58%)，八音度(42%)
→音乐术语，来自octa-,八，-ave,名词后缀。
US ['ɑ:k-] specialized
noun countable
■the space between two musical notes which are eight musical notes apart 八度；八度音阶
• Her remarkable vocal range spanned three and a half octaves. 她的音域达三个半八度，宽得惊人。
n. [声] 八度音阶；八行诗；十四行诗的前八行；八个一组的事物
 - octet

Word: deathbed
Front: deathbed
[ˈdeθbed] (17480/21450)
Back: n. 临死所卧的床，临终之时
分布：临终之时(57%)，临死所卧之床(43%)
['deθ.bed] old use
noun countable usually singular
■the bed that someone dies in or is dying in （临终）病榻
• She spoke to her family from her deathbed. 临终前她和家人说了话。
['deθ.bed] old use
noun countable usually singular
be on your deathbed
■to be dying 生命垂危

Word: hang
Front: hang
[hæŋ] (中高研四六托雅 867/1069 -K4)
Vocabulary: hang
(once / 38 pages)
1vn 2v 3v 4vn 5v 6v 7v 8v 9n
When you hang something, you dangle or suspend it. You can hang a piñata from a tree, hang a picture on the wall, or hang a wind chime on your porch.
People hang all kinds of things: washing on a clothesline, a rope swing over a lake, or a shower curtain in the bathroom. An artist also hangs an art show — meaning she installs it in a gallery or museum, and maybe literally hangs paintings on the wall. If your mouth hangs open, it gapes, and when fog hangs in the air, it rests there, suspended. Informally, you can "get the hang" of something, or figure it out through practice.
WORD FAMILY
hang: hanged, hanger, hanging, hangs, hung, overhang+/ hanger: hangers/hanging: hangings/hung: underhung/overhang: overhanging, overhangs, overhung
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sunday showed a “lone individual” climbing the mountain, scaling the sign’s ladders and hanging tarpaulins over the O’s to change them to E’s, said Sgt.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
When 12-year-old Daniel Radenz hanged himself during his father’s second tour in Iraq, I thought he must be the only one.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
Sun’s portrait still hangs in schools and government offices, and looks serenely down on the frequent fisticuffs in Taiwan’s parliament.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
Back: vt. 悬挂; （被）绞死; 贴，装饰; 使悬而未决
vi. 悬垂; 被吊死; 附属，依靠; 悬而未决
n. 悬挂的样子; （动作的）暂停; 〈口〉大意，要点; 〈口〉做法，诀窍
时态：hung, hanging, hangs
分布：悬挂(55%)，绞死(26%)，逗留(13%)，绞刑(4%)，悬挂方式(2%)
→来自konk,悬挂，词源同hinge.引申词义绞刑，绞死。
v.悬挂,垂吊;吊死,绞死The language angel hanged up the gang and banged them at the angle of the triangle.语文天使将那伙人吊起朝三角形的角上猛撞.
verb
FIX AT TOP 固定在顶部
 ESSENTIAL intransitive or transitive [+ adv/prep] (hung, hung)
■to fasten or support something at the top leaving the other parts free to move, or to be held in this way 悬挂，吊；吊着
• A heavy gold necklace hung around her neck. 她脖子上挂着一串粗重的金项炼。
• Long creepers hung (down) from the trees. 长藤从树上垂下来。
• The curtains hung in thick folds. 窗帘打着密密的摺子垂着。
• Hang your coat and hat (up) on the rack over there. 把你的大衣和帽子挂在那边的架子上。
• Many of his finest pictures hang/are hung (= are fixed to the wall so that they can be seen) in the National Gallery. 他有许多上乘画作在国家美术馆中展出。
• Hang the pheasant/Let the pheasant hang for a few days for the flavour to improve before you cook it. 在烹调雉鸡肉之前先把它挂起来晾几天，这样味道会更好。
transitive (hung, hung)
■If you hang wallpaper, you fix it to the wall. 贴（壁纸）
[hæŋ] verb
KILL 杀死
 ADVANCED intransitive or transitive (hanged or hung, hanged or hung)
■to kill someone, especially as punishment for a serious crime, by dropping them with a rope tied around their neck, or to die in this way 绞死；施以绞刑；被绞死
• He was found guilty and hanged later that year. 他被判有罪，并在那年的晚些时候被施以绞刑。
• With so little evidence to prove her guilt, few people thought she should hang. 没有甚么确凿的证据证明她有罪，所以很少有人认为她会被绞死。
• [R] The woman tried to hang her self with a sheet. 那个女人试图用一条床单上吊。
⇒ See also hangman
[hæŋ] verb
STAY 停留
intransitive (hung, hung)
■to stay in the air 停留，悬浮（在空气中）
• The falcon seemed to hang in the air for a moment before diving onto its prey. 猎鹰似乎在空中停了一下才扑向猎物。
• Smoke from the houses hung above the village. 炊烟袅袅，弥漫在村庄上空。
• literary The sound of the bells hung in the midnight air. 午夜的钟声回荡在夜空中。
[hæŋ] verb
BEND DOWN 弯下
intransitive or transitive (hung, hung)
■to curve down 弯下，垂下
• The branches hung heavy with snow. 树枝被雪压弯了。
• He knew he'd done something wrong and hung his head in shame. 他知道自己做错了事，于是羞愧地低下了头。
[hæŋ] verb
go hang (yourself) informal
■You say that someone can go hang (themselves) if you do not care what they say or do about something 见鬼去吧
• If she's expecting the report by tomorrow she can go hang herself. 如果她指望明天之前报告能出来的话，那就随便她去吧。
[hæŋ] verb
hang by a thread
■If a serious situation hangs by a thread, it means that even a slight change can decide what will happen and that a bad result such as death, failure, etc. is likely 千钧一发；岌岌可危；危在旦夕
• The mayor's political future has been hanging by a thread since the fraud scandal. 诈欺丑闻爆发后，市长的政治前途岌岌可危。
[hæŋ] verb
hang on in there (also hang in there)
■said as a way of telling someone to not give up, despite difficulties 坚持住；挺住
• Work can get tough in the middle of a term but hang on in there and it'll be OK. 到了学期中功课会变得很难，但坚持下去就会顺利的。
[hæŋ] verb
hang the cost/expense
■the cost is not important 别管多少钱
• Just buy it and hang the expense! 买吧，别管它多少钱！
[hæŋ] verb
hang tough US informal
■to not change your actions or opinions although other people try to make you do this 立场坚定，毫不妥协
• The President is hanging tough on the hostage crisis. 总统在处理人质危机时毫不妥协。
[hæŋ] verb
have sb/sth hanging round your neck informal disapproving
■to be limited in what you can do by someone or something 受…的拖累
• The last thing I want is a couple of kids hanging round my neck! 我最不希望的就是有几个孩子拖累着我！
[hæŋ] verb
hung, drawn and quartered
■In the past, if someone was hung, drawn and quartered, they were hanged by the neck and their body was cut into pieces. 处以绞刑后碎尸
[hæŋ] verb
I'll be hanged if... UK old-fashioned
■used to express your determination not to do something or not to allow someone else to do something 我绝不会…；让…见鬼去吧
• I'll be hanged if I'm going to clean up after him! 我才不会跟在他后面整理他弄乱的东西呢！
[hæŋ] verb
I'll be hanged if I know (also I'm hanged if I know) UK old-fashioned informal
■used to say that you certainly do not know 如果我知道我就不得好死
[hæŋ] verb
You might as well be hung for a sheep as for a lamb. UK saying
■said to mean that because the punishment for a bad action and an even worse one will be the same, you have no reason not to do the worse one 既然惩罚都一样，我还不如索性做得更差些。
[hæŋ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  hang around (UK also hang about) informal
■to move or do things slowly 缓慢地移动；缓慢地做
• Go and pack but don't hang around - we have to go in an hour. 赶快去收拾行李，别慢吞吞的——一小时后我们必须出发。
[hæŋ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  hang around (somewhere) (UK also hang about)
■to wait or spend time somewhere, usually for no particular reason 闲逛，闲荡
• I spent most of my youth hanging around the bars of Dublin. 我年轻时多半时间都泡在都柏林的酒吧里。
• I thought I'd hang around for a while and see if she comes. 我想在这里闲逛一会儿，看看她是否会来。
[hæŋ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  hang around with sb (UK also hang about with sb)
■to spend time with someone 与（某人）厮混
• I got into drugs because I was hanging around with the wrong people. 我染上了毒瘾，这是因为我与不好的家伙混在一起。
[hæŋ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  hang back
■to be slow to do something, often because of fear or having no confidence （因害怕或缺乏信心而）犹豫，踌躇不前
• There's no need to hang back - you can sing as well as anyone. 没甚么好犹豫的——你会和其他人唱得一样好。
[hæŋ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  hang on
WAIT
 ADVANCED informal
■to wait for a short time 稍等一会儿
• Sally's on the other phone - would you like to hang on? 莎莉正在接另一个电话，你能等一会儿吗？
• Do you need the toilet right now or can you hang on for a while? 你现在就要上厕所还是能再等一会儿呢？
• Hang on a minute - I'll be with you in a moment! 等一下——我马上就来！
HOLD
 ADVANCED
■to hold or continue holding onto something 紧握，抓住
• Hang on tight - it's going to be a very bumpy ride. 抓紧点——接下来的路会很颠簸。
⇒ See also hanger-on
[hæŋ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  hang sth on sb informal
■to blame someone for something, especially something they did not do 把（尤指某人没做过的事）怪罪在（某人）头上
• I wasn't anywhere near the house when the window was broken, so you can't hang that on me! 窗户玻璃被打破的时候我根本就不在房子附近，所以你不能把这个怪到我头上！
[hæŋ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  hang on/upon sth
GIVE ATTENTION
■to give careful attention to something, especially something that someone says 密切关注，（尤指）注意听（某人说的话）
• He hangs on her every word as if she were some sort of goddess. 他全神贯注地听她讲每一句话，就好像她是位女神似的。
DEPEND ON
■to depend on something 依靠，依赖
• The safety of air travel hangs partly on the thoroughness of baggage checking. 乘飞机旅行的安全性在一定程度上仰赖对行李彻底的检查。
[hæŋ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  hang onto sth ADVANCED
■to keep something 保留，保存
• You should hang onto that painting - it might be valuable. 你应该保留那幅画，它可能会很值钱。
[hæŋ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  hang out informal ADVANCED
■to spend a lot of time in a place or with someone 经常出入（某场所）；（与某人）厮混
• You still hang out at the pool hall? 你仍然经常出没于桌球场吗？
• I've been hanging out backstage with the band. 我常在后台与乐队混在一起。
[hæŋ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  hang over sth
■If a threat or doubt hangs over a place or a situation, it exists （威胁或疑虑）笼罩，萦绕
• Uncertainty again hangs over the project. 这个计划又再次变得不确定起来。
[hæŋ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  hang together
STAY TOGETHER
■If people hang together, they help each other and work together to achieve something 团结一致，同心协力
• If the opposition party can hang together over the next six months, they might just stand a chance of being elected. 如果反对党在今后的六个月里能团结一致，他们可能有机会在选举中获胜。
SEEM TRUE
■If the parts of something hang together, they are well organized or they seem to be true or correct 连贯，合逻辑；看似符合事实
• Somehow her story doesn't quite hang together. 不知为甚么，她的故事听起来不像是真的。
[hæŋ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  hang up
■to end a telephone conversation 挂断电话 hang 1 1. He started shouting so I hung up (on him).
他开始大喊大叫，我就挂断了电话。
• Let me speak to Melanie before you hang up. 在你挂电话之前让我和梅拉妮说几句话。
[hæŋ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] hang sth up
■to stop using and needing something because you have given up the sport or activity it is used for 不再使用；收起
• So when did you hang up your boxing gloves/golfclubs/ballet shoes? 你甚么时候不再参加拳击比赛／打高尔夫球／跳芭蕾了呢？
[hæŋ] noun
get the hang of sth ADVANCED informal
■to learn how to do something, especially if it is not obvious or simple 学会做（尤指不那么简单明了的事）
• "I've never used a word processor before." "Don't worry - you'll soon get the hang of it." “我以前从未使用过文字处理器。”“别担心──你很快就会用了。”
the hang
■the way something made of cloth looks when it is hanging （布料制成的东西的）悬挂状
• That coat fits you so well - the hang is perfect. 你穿这件外套太合适了——非常有型。
suspend, hang
这组词都有“挂，吊”的意思，其区别是：
suspend: 侧重悬挂物支撑点的灵活性和活动自由。
hang: 通常指一端固定于一点或一条线上，另一端悬于空中的状态。
vt. 悬挂，垂下；装饰；绞死；使悬而未决
 - paint, swing from
vi. 悬着，垂下；被绞死；悬而不决
 - trail
n. 悬挂；暂停，中止
 - moratorium, pause

Word: stalwart
Front: stalwart
[ˈstɔ:lwət] (宝 17482/18702 -1)
Vocabulary: stalwart
(once / 1277 pages)
adjn
To be stalwart is to be loyal, no matter what, like your friend who remains a devoted fan of an actor she's admired since childhood, even if that was the last time the guy made a decent movie.
Stalwart can describe someone who's able to keep on going even when things get hard, like a marathon runner who doesn't slow down, even after spraining an ankle, or a supporter of a political cause that everyone else has long declared over. In U.S. history, the word stalwart was used in 1877 to describe Republicans who remained unwilling to trust the South, even though the Civil War was long over by that time.
WORD FAMILY
stalwart: stalwartly, stalwartness, stalwarts
USAGE EXAMPLES
All kinds of companies, including century-old industrial stalwarts like General Motors and General Electric, are among the corporate giants acquiring tech start-ups of late.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
On the other, some of stalwart names in tech suffered through tough times and big layoffs.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
A gentle and wry bow-tied lawyer and stalwart of countless civic boards, Tom Lewis wears his gentility lightly.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 强壮的; 结实的; 坚定的; 可靠的
n. 高大健壮的人; 忠实拥护者
分布：坚定的(50%)，健壮的(29%)，坚定分子(21%)
→拼写变体形式自 stalworth,坚定的，坚决的，等同于 stall,固定位置，地方，worth,价值。
【记】sta站，l像枪，war战争，t他：他站在那里拿着枪准备参加战争的样子是－坚定勇敢的，身体健壮的
【参】stance（n 姿态；站姿）；standstill（n 停止；停顿）
【反】lank（adj 瘦的；细长的）；timorous＝timid（adj 胆小的）
US ['stɑ:l.wɚt] adjective
LOYAL 忠诚的
■loyal, especially for a long time; able to be trusted 忠实的，忠诚的；可靠的
• She has been a stalwart supporter of the party for many years. 她多年来一直是该党的忠实支持者。
UK ['stɔ:l.wət] US ['stɑ:l.wɚt] adjective
STRONG 强壮的 formal
■(especially of a person) physically strong （尤指人）强壮的，健壮的
UK ['stɔ:l.wət] US ['stɑ:l.wɚt] noun countable
■a person who has been loyal for a long time 忠诚的人，忠贞分子
• Let me introduce Bob, one of the club's stalwarts. 我来介绍一下鲍勃，俱乐部的忠贞分子之一。
adj. 坚定的；健壮的
 - committed, firm, confirmed, stable, decisive

Word: value-added
Front: value-added
['vælju: 'ædɪd] None
Back: n. 增值
分布：增值的(100%)
adjective
■value-added products or services are worth more because they have been improved or had something added to them （产品或服务）增值的

Word: grand
Front: grand
[grænd] (高研四六托雅 2237/1851 -K4)
Vocabulary: grand
(once / 65 pages)
1adj 2n 3n
Something that's grand is large and impressive. A fancy, catered birthday party with a guest list of hundreds could be described as grand.
The adjective grand can be used in many different ways: it can describe big things, like a grand piano or the Grand Canyon, or luxurious things, like the grand leather seats in your dad's Cadillac. You can also use grand to simply mean "wonderful," as when you exclaim, "Chocolate cake for dessert! Isn't this grand!" Grand is also a slang term for "a thousand dollars." The Latin root is grandis, "big, great, full, or abundant."
WORD FAMILY
grand: grander, grandest, grandly, grandness, grands
USAGE EXAMPLES
In September, a grand jury declined to recommend charges for three Waco police officers who shot bikers during May 2015 gunfight.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
A grand jury in September declined to recommend charges for three Waco police officers who shot bikers during May 2015 gunfight.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
No, Toby plays a great character and does a grand job.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 宏大的，宏伟的; （最）重要的; 豪华的
n. 一千美元; 大钢琴
级别：grander, grandest
分布：宏伟的(29%)，大钢琴(22%)，豪华的(16%)，一千美元(14%)，壮丽的(10%)，重大的(9%)
→来自拉丁文grandis, 巨大的，壮丽的，词源同great. 用做数字量词1000.
a.盛大的,豪华的;重大的,主要的The grand commander demands thousands of sandy sandwiches.大司令官要成千个沙色三明治.
adjective
IMPORTANT 重要的
 ADVANCED
■important and large in degree 重大的；主要的；首要的
• She has all kinds of grand ideas. 她脑子里都是些经天纬地的想法。
• His job has a grand title, but he's little more than a clerk. 他的工作听起来名堂很大，可他不过是个职员。
[grænd] adjective
SPLENDID 壮丽的
■splendid in style and appearance; attracting admiration and attention 宏伟的，壮丽的；显赫的
• The Palace of Versailles is very grand. 凡尔赛宫非常宏伟。
• They always entertain their guests in grand style. 他们总是举行盛大宴会款待宾客。
■used in the name of a place or building to show that it is splendid or large （用在地方或建筑物名前表示其规模）大的
• the Grand Hotel 大饭店
• the Grand Canyon 大峡谷
• the Grand Canal 大运河
[grænd] adjective
EXCELLENT 极好的 old-fashioned informal or Irish English
■excellent; pleasing 极好的，出色的；快乐的，称心的
• We had grand weather on our holiday. 我们去渡假时的天气很好。
• My grandson is a grand little chap. 我孙子是个很了不起的小孩子。
• You've done a grand job. 你做得非常好。
[grænd] adjective
grand old age
■If a person or animal lives to a grand old age, they live until they are very old 高龄
• He lived to the grand old age of 97. 他活到97岁高龄。
[grænd] adjective
the grand old man of sth humorous
■a man who has been involved in a particular activity for a long time and is known and respected by a lot of people 元老；资深前辈；老前辈
• He's been called the grand old man of cricket. 他一直被称为板球运动的元老。
[grænd] noun countable (plural grand)
MONEY 钱 (US G) informal
■£1000 or $1000 一千英镑；一千美元
• John's new car cost him 20 grand! 约翰买新车花了两万英镑！
[grænd] noun countable (plural grand)
INSTRUMENT 乐器 informal for
■ grand piano
magnificent, grand, majestic, splendid, noble
这组词都有“宏伟壮丽的”的意思，其区别是：
magnificent: 指环境、建筑物等本身的壮丽、堂皇、庄严、崇高或出色等。
grand: 侧重规模大，豪华而宏伟壮丽、盛大。也可指人的崇高、伟大。
majestic: 侧重状态、外表、仪态等给人以威严感。
splendid: 指人在行为、品德或性格等方面的卓越超群；指物侧重外观上的辉煌。用于口语中，作“极好的，绝妙的”解。
noble: 指因本身著名或从外表上看有令人难忘的华丽、庄严、卓越、雄壮或崇高。
great, grand, big, large
这组词都有“大的”的意思，其区别是：
great: 普通用词，可指具体东西的“大”，但更常指事物的重要，人的行为、品格的伟大等，带一定的感情色彩。
grand: 侧重指盛大、绝大，有气派。
big: 常用词，使用广泛，较口语化。多指体积、重量或容量等方面的“大”，有时也用于描写抽象之物。
large: 普通用词，含义广，指体积、面积、容量、数量以及程度等方面的大，具体或抽象意义均可用。
adj. 宏伟的；豪华的；极重要的
 - magnificent, noble
n. 大钢琴；一千美元
 - gee

Word: flutter
Front: flutter
[ˈflʌtə(r)] (六雅宝 8041/9044 -1)
Vocabulary: flutter
(once / 330 pages)
1vn 2n
Flutter means to move back and forth rapidly. Flags flutter in the wind. Leaves flutter to the ground. Flutter also exists as a noun—you might feel a flutter in your heart when you're excited.
To remember flutter, think of the children's rhyme, "See the butterfly flutter by." Flutter is often paired with "flit," to describe the way that birds and insects fly––they flit and flutter. It can also be used to describe indecision—someone who can't make up their mind might flutter between two choices.
WORD FAMILY
flutter: fluttered, fluttering, flutters+/fluttering: flutterings
USAGE EXAMPLES
His doves, Divinity and Majesty, flutter in an ornate white cage on the viewing balcony above.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Its flags flutter over the checkpoints along the newly liberated rural roads and at the military bases closest to the front lines.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Boyd explains that his pursuit of Nabokov involved “wielding a variety of nets, in different seasons and terrains, panting with effort while he flutters free.”
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: vi. 飘动; 鼓翼
vt. & vi. 振翼，拍翅膀; 烦扰，坐立不安; （旗帜）飘扬
n. 紧张，激动不安; 颤振; 飘扬; （身体部分的）病态阵跳
时态：fluttered, fluttering, flutters
分布：振翼(38%)，摆动(31%)，烦扰(26%)，使心烦；使焦虑(5%)
→来自float, 浮动，波动。-er, 表反复。引申词义颤动，慌乱。或来自辅音丛fl, 扑腾，拍打，拟声词，词源同flap, flip, flounce.
【记】flatter是拍马屁；flutter是拍翅膀
US ['flʌtˌ.ɚ] verb
MOVE 移动
intransitive or transitive
■to make a series of quick delicate movements up and down or from side to side, or to cause something to do this （使）飘动，挥动，颤动；拍（翅）；鼓（翼）
• Brightly coloured flags were fluttering in the breeze. 鲜艳的彩旗在微风中飘扬。
• Leaves fluttered down onto the path. 树叶飘落到小径上。
• Butterflies fluttered about in the sunshine. 蝴蝶在阳光下翩翩飞舞。
• A white bird poised on a wire and fluttered its wings. 一只白鸟立在电线上，扑打着翅膀。
UK ['flʌt.ər] US ['flʌtˌ.ɚ] verb
HEART/STOMACH 心／胃
intransitive
■If your heart or stomach flutters, you feel slightly uncomfortable because you are excited or nervous （心）怦怦乱跳；（胃）颤动
• Every time I think about my exams my stomach flutters! 每次一想到考试，我心里就不舒服！
UK ['flʌt.ər] US ['flʌtˌ.ɚ] verb
flutter your eyelashes humorous
■If a woman flutters her eyelashes at a man, she uses her charm and beauty to persuade him to do something for her （女子）抛媚眼，送秋波
• Go and flutter your eyelashes at the barman, Janet, and see if you can get him to serve us. 珍妮特，去跟那个男酒保抛抛媚眼，看看你能不能让他过来为我们服务。
UK ['flʌt.ər] US ['flʌtˌ.ɚ] verb
make your heart flutter
■If someone makes your heart flutter, you find them very physically attractive and you feel excited when you see or talk to them 使心怦怦乱跳
• James has been making hearts flutter ever since he joined the company. 詹姆斯进入公司以来，已迷得很多人为之心跳。
UK ['flʌt.ər] US ['flʌtˌ.ɚ] noun
EXCITEMENT 激动
countable usually singular
■a short period of excited activity 一阵兴奋（或激动）
• The publication of her first novel last autumn caused a flutter of excitement. 去年秋天她的第一部小说出版后引起一阵轰动。
UK ['flʌt.ər] US ['flʌtˌ.ɚ] noun
MONEY 钱
countable usually singular UK informal
■a small bet (= money risked) , especially on a horse race （尤指赛马中的）小赌注
• Aunty Paula likes to have a bit of a flutter on the horses. 宝拉姨妈喜欢在赛马上下一点小赌注。
UK ['flʌt.ər] US ['flʌtˌ.ɚ] noun
MOVEMENT 动作
only singular
■a quick up-and-down movement 振动；颤动；忽闪
UK ['flʌt.ər] US ['flʌtˌ.ɚ] noun
all of a flutter
■in a state of nervous excitement 紧张兴奋
• Peter was coming round for dinner and I was all of a flutter. 彼得要来吃晚饭，我既紧张又兴奋。
UK ['flʌt.ər] US ['flʌtˌ.ɚ] noun
in a flutter
■in a confused and excited state 兴奋不安
• When economic statistics are first published they grab headlines and put markets in a flutter. 经济统计资料一公布就登上了报纸头条，并引起市场一阵骚动。
vi. 飘动；鼓翼；烦扰
 - fan, float
vt. 拍；使焦急；使飘动
 - stream
n. 摆动；鼓翼；烦扰
 - swing, bob

Word: invalid
Front: invalid
[ɪnˈvælɪd] (研六托雅 17470/7986 -1)
Vocabulary: invalid
(once / 531 pages)
1adj 2nv
A person who is very sick or injured and needs frequent care is an invalid. Also, something no longer current or useful is invalid.
The main uses of this word have to do with people and things that don't work very well anymore. A driver's license that has expired is invalid — it needs to be renewed. If you lost your health insurance, it's invalid. People who are called invalids are disabled or incapacitated severely. Be careful with this word, because some think it is inappropriate, since it sounds as if some people are not as valid as others based on physical capability.
WORD FAMILY
invalid: invalided, invaliding, invalidism, invalidity, invalidly, invalidness, invalids+/ invalidate: invalidated, invalidates, invalidating, invalidation/invalidation: invalidations/invalidism: invalidisms/invalidity: invalidities/ valid: invalid, validate, valider, validity, validly, validness/ validate: invalidate, validated, validates, validating, validation, validatory/ validation: validations/ validity: validities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Then, in September, the trademark bureau finally relented, declaring Dong Wei’s trademark invalid.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
However, the repeal resolution includes language stating that it will become invalid if H.B.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
The bill on Park’s impeachment was passed by a vote of 234 for and 56 opposed, with seven invalid votes and two abstentions.
Seattle Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: adj. 无效的; 不能成立的; 有病的; 病人用的
vt. 使伤残; 使退役; 失去健康
n. 病人，病号; 残废者; 伤病军人
vi. 变得病弱; 因病而奉命退役
时态：invalided, invaliding, invalids
分布：无效的(79%)，病人(17%)，病弱的(2%)，残疾者(1%)，遣送回家(1%)
→in-,不，非，valid,有效的。
虚弱的n.病人(in不+val+id→不强壮的)[vail,val=strong,表示"强壮"]
无效力的(in无+val力量+id)[-id表形容词"如…的"]
n.病人,伤残人a.有病的,伤残的;无效的He helps to look after his grandfather who is an invalid.他帮助照看他病弱的祖父.
noun countable old-fashioned
■someone who is ill, usually for a long time and often needing to be cared for by another person （常指需要他人长期照料的）病人
• Is the invalid in bed? 那位病人在床上躺着吗？
['ɪn.və.lɪd] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  invalid sb out
■If you are invalided out of a job, especially a military job, you are forced to leave because of injury or illness 使（某人）因伤病离职（尤指退役）
• She was invalided out of the service because of injuries she received in a fire. 她因在一场大火中受伤而退役。
patient, invalid
这组词都有“病人”的意思，其区别是：
patient: 泛指正患病的人，尤指正接受治疗的人。
invalid: 多指因伤病或营养不良而造成键康受损，需要他人照顾、护理的病人，也指先天性的残疾者。
invalid, crisp, fragile, brittle, frail
这组词都有“弱”的意思，其区别是：
invalid: a.不正确的，缺乏证据的；无效的，作废的。作名词时，表示病弱者，伤残者，久病者。
 • Your ideas about the first humans are interesting but invalid.   你关于最早的人类的观点很有意思，但是缺乏证据。
 • A bad car accident made him an invalid.   一次严重的车祸使他变成了残疾。
crisp: a.指食品的松脆；清新的，爽快的；活跃的，有生气的，干净利落的。
 • crisp biscuit   松脆的饼干
 • The student gave a clear, crisp answer to the teacher's question.   学生干净利落地回答了老师的问题。
fragile: a.常常修饰使用时必须小心才不会破碎的东西，也引申为体弱的，虚弱的。
 • He 's feeling a bit fragile after last night's party.   他参加了昨晚的聚会以后，现在感觉有些虚弱。
brittle: a.易碎的，易损坏的，通常是指坚硬的东西。
 • The bones of elderly people become brittle and easily broken.   老年人的骨头变得脆弱，很容易骨折。
frail: a. (指人)体弱的，虚弱的，也可以指东西易碎的。
 • His mother has grown old and frail.   他母亲已经年老体弱。
adj. 无效的；有病的；残废的
 - useless, disabled, ineffective
n. 病人； [医] 残废者
 - sick, patient

Word: imperialist
Front: imperialist
[ɪmˈpɪəriəlɪst] (17402/15964)
Back: n. 帝国主义者; 皇帝的支持者，帝制拥护者
adj. 帝国主义的
分布：帝国主义的(71%)，帝国主义者(29%)
→词源同empire,帝国，帝权。
US [-'pɪr.i-] often disapproving
noun countable
■someone who supports imperialism 帝国主义者
UK [ɪm'pɪə.ri.ə.lɪst] US [-'pɪr.i-] often disapproving
adjective (also imperialistic)
■supporting or relating to imperialism 支持帝国主义的；和帝国主义有关的
• an imperialist power 帝国主义强国

Word: microchip
Front: microchip
[ˈmaɪkrəʊtʃɪp] (17473/21047 -1)
Back: n. 微晶片; 微型集成电路片
分布：名词(100%)
→micro-,微小的，chip,芯片。
US [-kroʊ-] noun countable
■a chip (COMPUTER PART)

Word: germinate
Front: germinate
[ˈdʒɜ:mɪneɪt] (托宝 17457/19736 -1)
Vocabulary: germinate
(once / 2949 pages)
v
To germinate is to grow or to develop. When a tiny seedling cracks through a seed casing and sprouts, it has germinated. The term is used for other things too, like when an idea germinates into a film or book.
Sometimes you want things to germinate, like the heirloom tomato seeds in your backyard garden. Sometimes what germinates is not desirable — like how joblessness, economic problems, and generations of anti-Semitism provided a fertile ground for Nazism to germinate in pre-war Germany. The word's roots are in botany, but it has grown, or dare we say germinated, to be used for any time something grows and develops.
WORD FAMILY
germinate: germinated, germinates, germinating, germination+/ germ: germinal, germinate, germs, germy/ germinal: germinally/germination: germinations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Those books took a lifetime to germinate and 16 years to write, culminating in his Pulitzer win.
The Guardian(Nov 20, 2016)
“What it has done is burn off that old overstory and release a lot of the other seed to germinate.”
Washington Times(Nov 11, 2016)
It suggests vibrations during launch, temperature fluctuations, cosmic rays and microgravity do not prevent seeds from germinating and growing.
BBC(Nov 02, 2016)
Back: vt. 使发芽; 使发育; 使发展
vi. 发芽; 生长; 发育
时态：germinated, germinating, germinates
分布：发芽(97%)，开始生长(3%)
→来自germ, 萌芽。
发芽,发育(germin[=germ]+ate表动词→种子动→发芽)[germ=seed,表示"种子"]
【记】germ（n 微生物；萌芽）
【参】germination（n 发芽；萌芽）；germinal（adj 萌芽的；未成熟的）
US ['dʒɝ:-] verb
SEED 种子
intransitive or transitive specialized
■to (cause a seed to) start growing （使）（种子）发芽，萌芽；（使）开始生长
• The beans will only germinate if the temperature is warm enough. 豆只有在温度足够高时才会发芽。
UK ['dʒɜ:.mɪ.neɪt] US ['dʒɝ:-] verb
IDEA 想法
intransitive
■to start developing 开始形成；萌发
• I felt an idea germinating in my head/mind. 我感觉到一个想法开始在脑海中萌生。
vt. 使发芽；使生长
 - grow, bud
vi. 发芽；生长
 - develop, put

Word: miniature
Front: miniature
[ˈmɪnətʃə(r)] (研六托宝 6061/6408 -2)
Vocabulary: miniature
(once / 685 pages)
1adjn 2n
Things that are miniature are teeny tiny versions of something else. Think miniature poodle. Unless you don't like small dogs. Then think miniature footballs. Aww, cute.
When something is a miniature, it is like it has been shrunk down in size. It's not just small, it's a small replica of something else. If you made a dollhouse that was a scale representation of your own house, it would be a miniature of your home. It would also be a little weird.
WORD FAMILY
miniature: miniatures, miniaturise, miniaturist, miniaturize+/miniaturise: miniaturisation/miniaturist: miniaturists/miniaturize: miniaturization, miniaturized, miniaturizes, miniaturizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
But with the rise of the mobile phone, the redundant kiosks are increasingly being put to inventive uses, from miniature art galleries to pint-sized pubs.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
She described the new stamps as part of a showcase of “miniature works of art to help continue telling America’s story.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Arrange torn leaves on plates and spoon the dressed beets over them, or keep the leaves whole and fill them like miniature seafaring vessels.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 小型的，微小的
n. 微型复制品; 微小模型; 微型画; 微型人像画
vt. 使成小型; 把…画成纤细画; 缩写
分布：小型的(40%)，小规模的(19%)，小模型(16%)，缩图(16%)，小画像(9%)
→来自意大利语miniatura,小插图，小插画，来自拉丁语miniare,涂红，来自minium,红铅。一种古罗马时期的红色涂料，类似于朱砂，在古代用于给手稿绘制插图，引申词义缩微模型，微型画等。并由该词衍生于常见前缀mini-,小的，短的。miniature 缩微模型，微型画，细密画
小画象,缩影(mini+ature表示物品→小物品→小画象)[mini-表示"小"]
小型物;雏形(mini+ature东西→小东西)[mini,min=small,表示"小"]
小画像,缩影(mini小)[-ture表名词,通常在单词或词根以t结尾时使用,表示"一般状态,行为"…ature","iture"注:-ture在s结尾的词根后变成-sure]
n.缩小的模型,缩图a.微型的,缩小的The administrator diminished the feminine miniature to minimal size.管理员将女性缩样缩减到最小尺寸.
US [-tʃɚ] adjective [before noun]
■describes something which is a very small copy of an object 微型的；小型的；微小的
• I bought some miniature furniture for my niece's dolls' house. 我为我侄女的玩具屋买了一些模型家俱模型。
UK ['mɪn.ɪ.tʃər] US [-tʃɚ] noun countable
PAINTING 画
■a very small painting, usually of a person 微型画；小画像
UK ['mɪn.ɪ.tʃər] US [-tʃɚ] noun countable
ALCOHOLIC DRINK 酒精饮料
■a very small bottle of alcoholic drink 小瓶装的酒
UK ['mɪn.ɪ.tʃər] US [-tʃɚ] noun countable
in miniature
■smaller than usual 缩小的；微型的
• He's made a model of our village, with all the buildings and roads in miniature. 他做了个我们村庄的模型，里面有所有建筑物和道路的缩微景观。
minute, tiny, little, small, miniature
这组词都有“小的”的意思，其区别是：
minute: 指小得难看见，有时需用显微镜才看得见。
tiny: 强调与同类或其他物体比较，小得超出正常比例，有时带强烈的感情色彩。
little: 指在体积、数量、距离、年龄、身材等方面比正常的小，多带主观感情色彩，含小而可爱或小巧的意味。
small: 多指数量、面积、体积、价值、数字或意义等的小或少，指略小于正常的大小。
miniature: 指由正常体积微缩的物体。
adj. 微型的，小规模的
 - petty, small-scale
n. 缩图；微型画；微型图画绘画术
 - contracted drawing, microcosm

Word: internist
Front: internist
[ɪnˈtɜ:nɪst] (17483/-)
Back: n. <美>内科医师
分布：内科医师(100%)
→缩写自internal medicine.比喻用法。
US [-'tɝ:-] US
noun countable
■a doctor who specializes in identifying and treating diseases which do not need surgery (= cutting into the body) 内科医生

Word: holdout
Front: holdout
['həʊldaʊt] (17481/-)
Back: n. 坚持
分布：坚持者(60%)，抵抗者(40%)
US ['hoʊld-] noun countable
■a person, organization or country that continues to do something, despite other people trying to force them not to 顽固坚持者，拒不妥协者
• It's time to shame holdouts like the USA into signing the treaty. 现在到了该让像美国这样的顽固国家无地自容而不得不签署这项条约的时候。
n. 坚持，抵抗
 - resistance, adherence, insistence

Word: pancreas
Front: pancreas
[ˈpæŋkriəs] (托宝 17398/17817 -1)
Vocabulary: pancreas
(once / 6297 pages)
n
The pancreas is part of the digestive system. It helps the stomach digest food. It’s a large, long gland that secretes insulin and digestive enzymes.
Although the stomach gets the most of the credit for digesting food, it has a helper — the pancreas. The pancreas hides behind your stomach and helps digest and absorb nutrients, and it also helps you maintain a healthy blood sugar level by secreting insulin. This dual function makes the pancreas part endocrine (for the insulin) and part exocrine (for the digestive juices). These two functions make the pancreas important, but you can actually live without it.
WORD FAMILY
pancreas: pancreases, pancreatic
USAGE EXAMPLES
Cystic fibrosis causes a thick buildup of mucus in the lungs, pancreas and other organs.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
In older people, he noted, blood sugar levels normally rise as the pancreas produces less insulin and the body becomes more insulin resistant.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
There was no progress on certain cancers, like lung, colon and pancreas.
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. <解剖>胰，胰腺
分布：胰脏(100%)
→pan-,全部，所有，-kreas,肉，生肉，词源同raw,crude.因胰腺全部由肉组成而得名。
胰腺(pan接近+creas→像肉的东西→胰腺)[creas=flesh(肉)]
noun countable
■an organ in the body that produces insulin (= a chemical substance that controls the amount of sugar in the blood) and substances which help to digest food so that it can be used by the body 胰妥妁凸；胰

Word: chiffon
Front: chiffon
[ˈʃɪfɒn] (17445/23443 -1)
Vocabulary: chiffon
(once / 7133 pages)
n
Chiffon is a fabric that’s light and silky. You have probably seen a slip or a dress made out of chiffon.
Chiffon is made of silk, nylon, or rayon. It is airy and sheer and is therefore used in making lingerie and some types of dresses and blouses. If you want a rough, tough fabric, chiffon isn’t the way to go. Chiffon is flimsy, pretty, and lightweight. Ironically, it comes from a French word for a rag, which would be an insult to a nice chiffon dress.
WORD FAMILY
chiffon: chiffons
USAGE EXAMPLES
She sells them shoes and traditional glitzy, long chiffon suits, bedazzled with jewels and embroidery.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
My most regrettable fashion phase was: in the early 2000s—that kind of low-waist denim and a knitted or chiffon top, and high heels.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 08, 2016)
In the enigmatic, haunting Hoarfrost series he used the old solvent technique to transfer ghost images from newspapers on to shrouds of chiffon and cotton.
The Guardian(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: n. 雪纺绸，薄绸; 女子服装装饰品
adj. 薄绸制成的; 薄绸般透明（柔软）的
分布：薄绸(67%)，薄绸状的(11%)，松而软的(11%)，女服装饰品(11%)
→词源同chip,碎片。原来指条块状的破布，后来指蕾丝状的上等布料。
US [ʃɪ'fɑ:n] noun uncountable
■a very thin, almost transparent cloth of silk or nylon 雪纺绸，薄绸；尼龙绸
UK ['ʃɪf.ɒn] US [ʃɪ'fɑ:n] adjective [before noun] US
■describes food which is made light, especially by adding the clear part of eggs which have been beaten （尤指加入打好的蛋清而）松软的
• lemon chiffon pie 松软的柠檬派
n. 薄绸； [纺] 雪纺绸；女子服装装饰品
 - sarsenet, ninon

Word: buffet
Front: buffet
[ˈbʊfeɪ] (高研雅 8330/7804 -1)
Vocabulary: buffet
(once / 1389 pages)
1n 2v
When you see the word buffet, it's hard not to think "all-you-can-eat." Although the noun can refer to food set out for self-service, buffet also means "a blow, especially with the hand," and as a verb "to strike sharply."
The two meanings of buffet come from very different sources. Buffet the self-serve meal is drawn from the piece of furniture on which such a meal might be served, a bufet "sideboard" in eighteenth-century French, and is pronounced buh-FAY. The meaning of hitting, however, comes from the Old French word bufe "a blow" or "a puff of wind" and is spoken BUH-fit. If the wind buffets the windows of your house, it can make them rattle in their frames, and if you are buffeted by bad news, you might shake in your shoes too.
WORD FAMILY
buffet: buffeted, buffeting, buffets, buffetted, buffetting+/buffeting: buffetings
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the age of Trump, data and evidence are just some unwanted roughage down at the end of the buffet.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Our new friend invited us to share a lunch buffet of fried chicken, potato salad and sweets.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
We are sharpening our knives for a large buffet.”
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 自助餐; 火车饮食柜台; 车站快餐部
时态：buffeted, buffetted, buffeting, buffets
分布：自助餐(85%)，打击(9%)，连续猛击(5%)，饮食柜台(1%)
→来自法语bufet, 桌子，橱柜。后指餐厅自助餐。
n.餐具柜,小卖部v.冲击,搏斗The ship buffeted her way through the waves.这只船乘风破浪前进.
【记】读：8feet。比如：章鱼。可以把…连续的打来打去
US [bəˈfeɪ/
■a meal where people serve themselves different types of usually cold food 自助餐
• Are you having a sit-down meal or a buffet at the wedding? 你办婚礼想摆桌宴还是搞自助餐？
■UK
■a restaurant in a station, where food and drinks can be bought and eaten （车站的）餐馆，速食部
verb transitive /ˈbʌf.ɪt/
■(of wind, rain, etc.) to hit something repeatedly and with great force （风、雨等）连续猛击，打击
• The little boat was buffeted mercilessly by the waves. 海浪无情地拍打着小船。
n. [食品] 自助餐； [贸易] 小卖部；打击；猛烈冲击
 - blow, stroke, shock, strike, hit
vt. 与…搏斗；连续猛击
 - breast, be at grips with
vi. 斗争；奋勇前进
 - fight, struggle (with)
adj. [食品] 自助的；自助餐的
 - self-help

Word: imperil
Front: imperil
[ɪmˈperəl] (宝 17494/23601)
Vocabulary: imperil
(once / 2514 pages)
v
One thing can imperil another when it threatens to be harmful. For example, an approaching storm with hurricane-force winds might imperil the geraniums you just planted in your front yard.
A city's budget cuts might imperil a school's ability to hire new teachers and buy supplies. The lack of money, in other words, is a threat to schools. Likewise, a factory's refusal to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions will imperil the air quality nearby — and ultimately, imperil the health of the whole planet. The word imperil comes from in and peril, meaning "danger."
WORD FAMILY
imperil: imperiled, imperiling, imperilled, imperilling, imperils
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some worry that the government’s obvious ambivalence is imperilling the entire reconciliation process.
The New Yorker(Dec 29, 2016)
As Las Vegas sought to expand, local, state and federal managers agreed to protect species such as the imperiled desert tortoise in Gold Butte.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
With 23 days left in office, Mr. Kerry dropped diplomatic niceties and harshly criticized Israel over settlements, arguing that they imperil the two-state solution.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 使陷于危险，危及
时态：imperiled, imperilled, imperilling, imperils
分布：危及(95%)，使陷于危险中(5%)
→im-,进入，使，peril,危险，冒险。
处于危险中(im+peril危险)[im-,in-①表示"不,无,非"②表示"向内,进入"]
【记】peril（n 危险）per每个，il＝ill：每个人都病了，容易传染－危及生命
[ɪm'per.əl] (-ll- or US USUALLY -l-)
verb transitive slightly formal
■to put something or someone at risk or in danger of being harmed or destroyed 危及，使陷入危险
• A police raid would imperil the lives of the hostages. 警方的突袭会危及人质的生命安全。
vt. 危及；使陷于危险
 - endanger, jeopard

Word: sorcerer
Front: sorcerer
[ˈsɔ:sərə(r)] (16992/25195)
Vocabulary: sorcerer
(once / 2167 pages)
n
Magical, mysterious, and quite possibly mythical, a sorcerer is a name for a spell-casting wizard.
Use the noun sorcerer when you're talking about a magician who practices enchantments and conjures spells. Sorcerers appear in many fantasy novels and Shakespeare plays. The word for a female sorcerer is sorceress. The Latin word sors, "fate or fortune," is at the root of sorcerer, which didn't come into popular use until after the 1940 release of the Disney film "Fantasia," which featured Mickey Mouse as the character "the sorcerer's apprentice."
WORD FAMILY
sorcerer: sorcerers+/sorcerize: sorcerized/sorcerous: sorcerously/ sorcery: sorcerer, sorceries, sorcerise, sorcerize, sorcerous
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mysticism and hexes and sorcerers are the stuff of daily life here.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone, for example, is nearly unwatchable—and that series turned out OK.
Slate(Nov 17, 2016)
If the title sounds odd to American readers, that’s because in the U.S., the stone was a sorcerer’s.
New York Times(Nov 15, 2016)
Back: n. 男巫，方士，施魔法者
分布：魔术师(80%)，男巫士(20%)
→sorcery,巫术，-er,人。
US ['sɔ:r.sɚ.ɚ] noun countable
■in stories, a man who has magical powers and who uses them to harm other people 巫师，术士，魔法师
n. 魔术师；男巫士
 - magician, charmer

Word: vernacular
Front: vernacular
[vəˈnækjələ(r)] (宝 16371/16686)
Vocabulary: vernacular
(once / 2570 pages)
nadj
Vernacular describes everyday language, including slang, that's used by the people. The vernacular is different from literary or official language: it's the way people really talk with each other, like how families talk at home.
You know how some language is fancy and formal? Vernacular is different: think of it as how friends talk when no one is listening. Vernacular language includes slang and obscenities. One of the hardest things about writing for school is getting away from the vernacular and learning to write in more formal ways that don't come as naturally. You can also say specific groups have a vernacular, meaning the unique way people in a certain region or profession speak.
WORD FAMILY
vernacular: vernacularly, vernaculars
USAGE EXAMPLES
The vernacular elements sounded freshest when Mr. Marsalis folded them into passages of symphonic mass, with thick, pungent chords and boldly fractured phrases.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
"Or to put it in the vernacular - This Is 'Ull."
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
John Margolies, 76, May 26: A legendary photographer of vernacular architecture, his 1987 book Miniature Golf is a treasure of golf nostalgia.
Golf Digest(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 白话; 行话; 本国语; 动植物的俗名
adj. 本国语的; 白话的; 方言的; 本国的
分布：方言(100%)
→来自拉丁语verna,家仆，尤指出生在主人家的仆人后代，引申词义本土的，地方的，后用于指地方性语言，即方言。比较family.
【记】ver真实，nacular＝native（adj 本国的）：本国的真实语言－方言
US [vɚ'næk.jə.lɚ] noun countable usually singular
■the form of a language that a regional or other group of speakers use naturally, especially in informal situations 本地话，方言；白话
• The French I learned at school is very different from the local vernacular of the village where I'm now living. 我在学校里学的法语与我现在住的这个村子里所说的本地方言差别非常大。
• Many Roman Catholics regret the replacing of the Latin mass by the vernacular. 很多天主教徒认为用方言代替拉丁语做弥撒是件很让人惋惜的事。
■specialized
■in architecture , a local style in which ordinary houses are built （建筑的）本地风格，民间风格
specialized
■dance, music, art, etc. that is in a style liked or performed by ordinary people （艺术的）民间风俗
adj. 本国的；地方的；用本地语写成的
 - native, patrial
n. 本地话，方言；动植物的俗名
 - provincialism, patois

Word: tact
Front: tact
[tækt] (六托宝 17499/13954 -1)
Vocabulary: tact
(once / 611 pages)
n
To talk carefully without hurting anyone’s feelings, that’s tact. Politicians have tact, which makes them good at speaking about sensitive matters without making fools of themselves. At least, sometimes they have tact.
Around a friend who’s afraid of snakes, you use tact when talking about reptiles because you don’t want to upset them. The Latin root word tangere means “touch,” and a person with tact avoids touching dangerous words like they are an electric fence. When you say something without tact, you “put your foot in your mouth,” as the phrase goes. You don’t literally put your foot in your mouth, although if you did you’d avoid offending people with words.
WORD FAMILY
tact: tactful, tactless, tacts+/ tactful: tactfulest, tactfully, tactfulness, untactful/ tactless: tactlessly, tactlessness/untactful: untactfully
USAGE EXAMPLES
Huffman apologized for taking a different tact last week by modifying the posts of some users who were harassing him in the forum.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
The letter cited a passage from the agency’s code of conduct that instructs employees to exercise “courtesy and tact” in dealing with workers and supervisors.
Washington Post(Nov 30, 2016)
It is a protocol of tact and diplomacy that has not recently been tested in the western world.
The Guardian(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 机智，机敏; 老练，圆滑; [乐]拍子; 〈罕〉触觉
分布：机智(89%)，手法(11%)
→来自拉丁语 tactus,触摸，感觉，感知，来自 tangere,触摸，碰，词源同 tangent,contact.
机智;圆滑(和人接触的能力)[tact,tag,tig,ting=touch表示"接触"]
【记】源于：tactic（n 策略；战略），有tactic的人tact
noun uncountable
■the ability to say or do the right thing without making anyone unhappy or angry （处事、言谈等的）得体，乖巧，机敏；外交手腕
• He's never had much tact and people don't like his blunt manner. 他从来不懂甚么处事技巧，大家都不喜欢他那生硬的态度。
n. 机智；老练；圆滑；鉴赏力
 - wits, wittiness

Word: matched
Front: matched
[mætʃt] (17425/20408 -1)
Back: adj. 相配的; 敌得过的
v. 敌得过，和…相配(match的过去式和过去分词)
分布：匹配的(96%)，动词match的过去式和过去分词形式.(4%)
ADJ
相配的;相称的
If you say that two people are well matched, you mean that they have qualities that will enable them to have a good relationship.
例：They were well matched, I thought...我认为他们十分般配。
例：My parents were not very well matched...我的父母并不十分般配。
ADJ
(体育等竞赛中)不相上下的,势均力敌的
In sports and other competitions, if the two opponents or teams are well matched, they are both of the same standard in strength or ability.
例：Two well-matched sides conjured up an entertaining game...双方势均力敌，奉献了一场精彩的比赛。
例：The teams are evenly matched.两个队难分伯仲。
adj. 相配的；敌得过的
 - suitable, assortive

Word: marcher
Front: marcher
[ˈmɑ:tʃə(r)] (17486/16390)
Back: n. 边疆地区居民; 边境防务长官; 行进者; 行军者
分布：游行者(54%)，行进者(36%)，住在边境的人(10%)
→来自march,游行示威。
US ['mɑ:r.tʃɚ] noun countable
■a person marching through a public place as part of a public event 抗议游行者，游行示威者
• The marchers stopped outside the American embassy, chanting slogans and waving banners. 示威者在美国大使馆外停了下来，高喊口号，挥舞标语。
n. 行进者，游行者
 - parader

Word: fortification
Front: fortification
[ˌfɔ:tɪfɪˈkeɪʃn] (17488/16026)
Back: n. 筑垒，设防; 防御工事
分布：名词(100%)
US [ˌfɔ:r.tˌə-] noun
countable usually plural
■strong walls, towers, etc. that are built to protect a place 防御工事
• Some of the old fortifications still exist. 一些古老的防御工事仍然屹立不倒。
• The fortifications of the castle were massive and impenetrable. 城堡的防御工事厚实牢固，坚不可摧。
uncountable
■the act of fortifying something 强化；设防
n. 设防； [军] 防御工事；加强；配方
 - formula, strengthening, reinforcement

Word: loll
Front: loll
[lɒl] (雅宝 17433/16930)
Vocabulary: loll
(once / 2607 pages)
v
To loll means to hang around lazily without doing much at all. It's a great pleasure to loll about in the park instead of going to work. But your boss might have a problem with it.
Loll means to droop, or hang loosely. We usually use it to describe the behavior of hanging loosely, like lolling about on the beach reading a book. Sometimes it’s the perfect word for a drooping object. If you take your dog for a long run in the hot sun, its tongue will loll out of its mouth. If you fall asleep on the bus ride home, your head might loll onto your neighbor’s shoulder.
WORD FAMILY
loll: lolled, lolling, lolls
USAGE EXAMPLES
Their whiskery, puppy-like faces and lolling, seemingly serene behavior often delights onlookers.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
On one slope was an elephant seal rookery, with 500-pound juveniles lolling on the rocks.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
He’s already been allowed to run around for a bit so he’s just lolling around now.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 26, 2016)
Back: vi. 懒洋洋地躺着[坐着、站着]; （头、舌等耷拉，下垂）; 懒洋洋地坐着（或躺着、站着）; 无所事事
时态：lolled, lolling, lolls
分布：伸出舌头(50%)，懒散地闲逛(50%)
→词源不详，可能来自拟声词，耷拉头的声音。
【记】源于：lull（v 使平静）
【参】lounge（n 闲逛；长沙发；v 闲荡；懒洋洋地躺卧）
【反】move vigorously（充满活力地走动）
US [lɑ:l] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to lie, sit or hang down in a relaxed informal or uncontrolled way 懒散地躺／坐／吊着
• I spent most of the weekend lolling about/around on the beach. 周末的大部分时间我都懒洋洋地躺在海滩上。
• a dog with its tongue lolling out 伸着舌头的狗

Word: shockingly
Front: shockingly
['ʃɒkɪŋlɪ] (17504/23301)
Back: adv. 骇人地，很坏地
分布：极端地(50%)，恶劣地(50%)
ADJ-GRADED
糟透了的;极坏的
You can say that something is shocking if you think that it is very bad.
例：The media coverage was shocking...当时媒体的报道糟透了。
例：I must have been in a shocking state last night.昨晚我的情况一定很糟糕。
ADJ-GRADED
令人震惊的;令人愤慨的;不道德的
You can say that something is shocking if you think that it is morally wrong.
例：It is shocking that nothing was said...当时竟然什么都没说,真让人愤慨。
例：This was a shocking invasion of privacy.这是对隐私的公然侵犯。
adv. 怕人地，非常地；不正当地
 - wrong, considerably, remarkably

Word: snipe
Front: snipe
[snaɪp] (17505/20250 -1)
Back: n. 狙击; [鸟]鹬，沙锥鸟; <美俚>烟屁股，香烟头; 可鄙的人
vt. 狙击; 打沙锥鸟; 中伤; 暗害
vi. 伏击，狙击; 猎鸟; 诽谤; 中伤
时态：sniped, sniping, snipes
分布：狙击(40%)，抨击(18%)，鹬(16%)，沙锥(14%)，伏击(9%)，卑鄙的人(3%)
→来自古诺斯语-snipe,如 myrisnipa,即 moor snipe,沼泽沙锥鸟，词源不详，可能与 snip 有词源
verb intransitive
■to shoot at someone from a position where you cannot be seen 伏击；狙击
• The rebels have started sniping at civilians. 反叛者开始狙击平民。
■to criticize someone unpleasantly 诽谤，恶意攻击
• The former minister has been making himself unpopular recently, sniping at his ex-colleagues. 最近这位前部长因恶意攻击以前的同事而大失人心。
[snaɪp] noun countable (plural snipe or snipes)
■a bird with a long straight beak which lives near rivers and marshes (= low land that is wet and sometimes covered with water) 沙锥（喙长而直，栖息于江河沼泽地区）
n. [军] 狙击； [鸟] 鹬；香烟屁股；被开玩笑的人物
 - sandpiper
vi. 狙击； [军] 伏击；抨击；猎鸟；诽谤
 - game bird, fling at

Word: constitutive
Front: constitutive
[ˌkɒnstɪˈtju:tɪv] (17629/26697)
Vocabulary: constitutive
(once / 51840 pages)
adj
The word constitutive describes an essential part of a whole, especially physical makeup. Without its constitutive engine, steering wheel, and tires, you don’t really have a car; it's just a box with seats.
Just like a government may be based on its constitution, a whole is based on its constitutive parts. Something that is constitutive may also be necessary for a whole to work correctly. Participate in a 24-hour dance-a-thon, and you’ll likely find your legs are constitutive to your success. Constitutive is one of those words that has both general and scientific uses; you might see other senses of the word in both chemistry and biology books.
WORD FAMILY
constitutive: constitutively+/ constituency: constituencies/ constituent: constituency, constituents/ constitute: constituent, constituted, constitutes, constituting, constitution, constitutive, reconstitute/constituted: self-constituted/ constitution: constitutional, constitutionalize, constitutions/ constitutional: constitutionalise, constitutionalist, constitutionally, constitutionals, unconstitutional /constitutionalise: constitutionalising/constitutionalize: constitutionalized, constitutionalizing/reconstitute: reconstituted, reconstitutes, reconstituting/ unconstitutional: unconstitutionally
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Of all the constitutive elements of a president’s coalition, social movements can be the most difficult partners,” Miroff cautions.
Washington Post(Nov 11, 2016)
First, Pope Francis has been a powerful advocate for peace, urging an end to conflict and support for constitutive ties among nations.
Time(Sep 24, 2015)
Trees produce some defensive chemicals, called constitutive compounds, pretty much all the time.
New York Times(Aug 27, 2015)
Back: adj. 构成的，制定的
分布：构成的(31%)，本质的(29%)，基本的(29%)，章程的(11%)
adj. 基本的；本质的；制定的；构成分子的
 - elementary, essential, basic, fundamental, primary
n. 要素
 - element, factor, basic, essential, ingredient

Word: mallet
Front: mallet
[ˈmælɪt] (托宝 17484/22621)
Vocabulary: mallet
(once / 2639 pages)
n
A mallet is a tool with a large, barrel-shaped, head — used to pound on something. You might use a mallet to strike an instrument or in playing croquet. Yeah, right.
A mallet is a long-handled implement with a barrel-shaped head used in games like croquet or polo. In music, a mallet is a stick with a rounded end that is sometimes padded, used to strike percussion instruments like timpani, bells, or a marimba. Use your yarn or rubber mallets to play the marimba, and use your wooden mallets to play the xylophone.
WORD FAMILY
mallet: mallets
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Arduino controls 8 servos, each with a "mallet" attached.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
Of course, in the truest of her twisted festive spirit, the meticulously painted statue of Miss Quinn also wields a gift-wrapped mallet and bomb.
Washington Times(Dec 12, 2016)
And to release some built-up holiday stress — you get to smash the candy canes with a mallet!
Seattle Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 木槌; 长柄球棍; 大锤
分布：木槌(100%)
→来自拉丁语malleus,铁锤，词源同malleable,-et,小词后缀。
小锤子[mall=hammer(锤子)]
noun countable
■a tool like a hammer with a large flat end made of wood or rubber, or a wooden hammer with a long handle used in sports such as croquet and polo 大头槌；（槌球、马球等运动中的）击球槌，球棍，球棒
⇒ See also hammer
n. 棒，槌棒；木槌；球棍
 - rod, bar, staff

Word: wick
Front: wick
[wɪk] (宝 17490/19612)
Back: n. 蜡烛芯; （油灯的）灯芯; <英俚>不断烦扰某人; 激怒某人
分布：灯芯(88%)，蜡烛芯(12%)
→词源不详，可能来自weik,弯，转，编织，词源同wicker,vicarious,引申词义用线捻成的烛芯。
【记】wick的身体看上去很weak，因为wick在大话西游里是朱茵演的。
noun countable
■a piece of string in the centre of a candle, or a similar part of a light, which supplies fuel to a flame 烛芯；灯芯
[wɪk] noun countable
get on sb's wick UK old-fashioned informal
■to annoy someone 惹恼某人
n. 灯芯，蜡烛心
 - lampwick

Word: tinge
Front: tinge
[tɪndʒ] (雅宝 14630/14082 -1)
Vocabulary: tinge
(once / 553 pages)
vn
A tinge is a slight amount of something, especially a faint color. If you wear SPF30 to the beach, you'll only come home with a tinge of tan.
If a painting has just a tiny hint of orange, then it was a tinge of orange. And you could say the painter tinged the picture with orange hues. Outside of paint colors, a tinge can mean a small amount of just about anything. Sometimes you hear about someone speaking with a tinge of sadness. That means there's just a little bit sadness showing in their words. A tinge will never bowl you over — it's always small and subtle.
WORD FAMILY
tinge: tincture, tinged, tinges, tinging+/ tincture: tinctured, tinctures, tincturing
USAGE EXAMPLES
If a casual viewer finds a tinge of rerun in this semifinal doubleheader of No. 1 Alabama vs.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
The prospect of such disillusion and internecine squabbling may console liberals who fear a White House tinged with racism and quasi-fascism.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
The word she returns to — in fluent English already tinged with Liverpool’s distinct, and apparently contagious, long vowels — is “holistic.”
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 一丝痕迹; 色调
vt. 着色，使…带上色彩; 轻微的影响; 使…略为改变
时态：tinged, tingeing, tinges
分布：淡色(46%)，微染(36%)，一丝痕迹(18%)
→来自拉丁语 tingere,染色，着色，词源同 taint,tincture.
【记】源于：tint（n 色泽；v 给…淡淡地着色）
【反】colorless（adj 无色的）－tinged（adj 淡色的）
noun countable
■a very slight amount of a colour or of a feeling （颜色或情感的）一丝，少许
• His hair is starting to show tinges of grey. 他的头发开始显得有点花白。
• I have a tinge of regret that I didn't accept her offer. 没有接受她的好意，我感到一丝遗憾。
[tɪndʒ] verb transitive usually passive
■to contain a slight amount of 使带有一点
• Her joy at the birth of her son was tinged with sadness that her father had not lived to see him. 儿子出生带给她的欢乐中夹杂着一丝淡淡悲伤，因为她父亲没有活到看见外孙的降生。
n. 淡色；些许味道；风味
 - flavor, delicate colour

Word: second-year
Front: second-year
None None
Back: 第二年
分布：第二学年的(100%)

Word: mat
Front: mat
[mæt] (高研四六 5639/6419 -1)
Vocabulary: mat
(once / 752 pages)
1n 2nv 3nvadj
When you walk into someone else's house, it's polite to wipe your feet on the mat — the pad that covers part of the floor inside the front door.
A mat is a kind of floor covering, often smaller than a rug or carpet. You might buy a sea grass mat to put in your bedroom, or a door mat for your apartment entryway. You can also use the word mat as a verb, to mean tangle or snarl: "The dog managed to mat the fur on his belly by rolling around on the beach." The Old English matte came from the Latin word matta, "mat made of rushes."
WORD FAMILY
mat: mats, matted, matting+/matting: mattings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Prosecutor Mat Heck Jr. said Kettering police responded Feb. 29 to call about a possible break-in at an elderly resident’s home.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
And the Nissan Texas Titan, the floor mats and tailgate of which are emblazoned with the shape of Texas.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Massive Attack brought everyone down, then Patrick played African drums and guitar and then a flute and we all laid on yoga mats.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 席子，垫子; （体育运动用的）厚垫子; 衬边; 团，簇
vt. 遮盖，用垫子作装饰; 使…缠结; 给（照片）镶框; 使…表面无光
vi. 缠结
adj. 粗糙的; 暗淡的，无光泽的
时态：matted, matting, mats
分布：垫子(71%)，席子(22%)，编织(4%)，集结(2%)，铺席于 ... 上(1%)
→来自拉丁语matta,垫子，可能来自希伯来语mittah,床，睡椅。
n.席子,垫子The cat catches a fat rat and scatters the others under the mat.猫抓了一只肥鼠并驱散了席子下面的其它老鼠.
【记】主要记住形容词的意思。
noun countable
FLOOR 地面
 ADVANCED
■a small piece of strong material which covers and protects part of a floor 地垫，地毯
• Wipe your feet on the mat before you come inside. 你进来前先在地垫上擦擦脚。
⇒ See also doormat
[mæt] noun countable
TABLE 桌子
■a small piece of cloth, cardboard or plastic which is put on a surface such as a table to protect it 桌垫；衬垫
• a beer mat 啤酒杯垫
• a place mat 餐具垫
[mæt] noun countable
SPORT 运动
■a piece of thick rubber or other soft material used in some sports for people to lie or fall on （体育运动中用的）垫子
• Please remember to bring a mat and a towel with you to the next aerobics class. 下次上有氧健身课时请记得带垫子和毛巾。
[mæt] noun countable
LAYER 层
■a thick layer of something, such as grass or hair, which is twisted together untidily 一厚层（玻璃、毛发等）；（结缠的）一团，一簇
• The top few buttons on his shirt were open, revealing a mat of dark hair on his chest. 他衬衫最上面的几颗钮扣没扣上，露出一片黑色的胸毛。
n. 垫；垫子；衬边
 - cushion, gaddi
vt. 缠结；铺席于……上
 - entwist
adj. 无光泽的
 - lustreless, unpolished

Word: savanna
Front: savanna
[sə'vænə] (17431/30082)
Vocabulary: savanna
(once / 11442 pages)
n
A savanna is a grassy, usually tropical area of land. You're more likely to find a savanna in Tanzania than in Savannah, Georgia.
You can spell this word savanna or savannah — either way, you're talking about a particular kind of ecosystem that's mostly covered with grass and sparsely placed trees. While most savannas are in tropical or subtropical parts of the world, there are also temperate savannas (including in the Great Plains of the U.S.) and mediterranean savannas, such as California's oak tree savannas. In Spanish, savanna means "treeless plain."
WORD FAMILY
savanna: savannas
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ground-nesting birds, such as savanna sparrows, also are vulnerable to disturbance, he noted.
Seattle Times(Nov 06, 2016)
Their closed, three-acre compound encompassed five biomes – rainforest, savanna, desert, ocean and marsh – to sustain them over two years.
The Guardian(Nov 03, 2016)
The list includes large carnivores that help control populations of plant eaters like antelope who would otherwise overconsume the savanna’s grasses.
Science Magazine(Oct 18, 2016)
Back: n. （美国东南部的）无树平原; （亚）热带的稀树大草原
分布：无树平原(100%)
【记】sa三，van＝wan万，na那：有三万平方公里那么大那－平坦大草原源于：佛罗里达的“萨瓦纳平原”。
【反】slope（n 斜坡）
n. [生态] 热带草原；热带的稀树大草原
 - campos

Word: shifter
Front: shifter
[ˈʃɪftə(r)] (17528/43904)
Back: n. 移动装置，转换机构，开关
分布：移相器(83%)，移动装置(8%)，变速拨叉(3%)，搬移者(3%)，印字换行器(3%)
n. 移动装置；搬移东西者
 - mobile device

Word: purview
Front: purview
[ˈpɜ:vju:] (17507/32740)
Vocabulary: purview
(once / 17589 pages)
n
The range or scope of something is its purview. If your occupation is chef, performing surgery is way outside your purview.
Anything inside a range of interest or activity is within a purview. A supervisor is in charge of certain workers — other workers are outside her purview. The surgeon general deals with medical issues: the defense budget is outside his purview. When a business expands, it's trying to increase its purview. If you go to the dentist and ask her to paint a picture of your tooth rather than extracting it, you're likely to discover you've gone way beyond her purview.
WORD FAMILY
purview: purviews
USAGE EXAMPLES
But in the privacy case under Ms. Dixon’s purview, any fines would be minimal under current Irish law.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
There also is a two-year ban on switching sides on a wider array of matters that were in the employee’s official purview.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Much of the nation’s protected wilderness, from national parks to national monuments, would be under his purview.
Science Magazine(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. （文件等的）范围; 眼界; 视野; 见识
分布：范围(100%)
→来自盎格鲁法语purveu que,在某规定下，在某条款下，该词原为法律术语，规定某立法机构的范围和权限，来自古法语porveoir,准备，供应，安排，来自拉丁语providere,准备，预见，预防，词源同provide.同时，拼写受view影响俗化，并最终引申新的词义，视野，见识，来自pur-,向前，view,看。
US ['pɝ:-] formal
noun uncountable
■the limit of someone's responsibility, interest or activity （责任、权益或活动的）范围；许可权
• This case falls outside the purview of this particular court. 这件案子超出了这个法庭的管辖范围。
• Some of the bank's lending operations come under/within the purview of the deputy manager, and some are handled directly by the manager. 有些银行贷款业务属于副经理的许可范围，而有些则由经理直接管理。
n. 范围，权限；视界；条款
 - extent, boundary, region, scope, rights, spectrum, territory

Word: masturbate
Front: masturbate
[ˈmæstəbeɪt] (17500/25020 -1)
Vocabulary: masturbate
(once / 5028 pages)
v
To masturbate is to stimulate yourself sexually. In other words, to have sex by yourself, with yourself.
To masturbate means to have sex with yourself, usually using your hands. If you pick up a slang dictionary, you'll find hundreds and maybe thousands of terms that mean the same thing as masturbate. Those terms are almost all inappropriate, so use them carefully. Some religious traditions think that masturbating is a sin, but most people realize that there's nothing harmful or unusual about masturbating — it's a natural thing that humans do.
WORD FAMILY
masturbate: masturbated, masturbates, masturbating, masturbation, masturbator+/ masturbation: masturbations/masturbator: masturbators
USAGE EXAMPLES
"Masturbate", "sucker" and "testicle" were among the more printable obscenities in the puzzle.
BBC(Jan 03, 2017)
A buddy of mine says its alright in God’s eyes to masturbate to inanimate objects, “Just don’t lust after girls.”
Salon(Dec 28, 2016)
The story is of a woman whom he meets while she’s masturbating.
The New Yorker(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: v. （对…）进行手淫
时态：masturbated, masturbating, masturbates
→来自拉丁语masturbari,手淫，可能来自mazdo,阴茎，杆，词源同mast,-turb,转，词源同turbid,turn.或来自拉丁语manus,手，词源同manual.
US [-tɚ-] verb
intransitive
■to touch or rub your sexual organs in order to give yourself sexual pleasure 手淫，自慰
transitive
■to touch or rub someone's sexual organs in order to give them sexual pleasure 对…行手淫
vi. 手淫
 - jack off, hand job

Word: snack
Front: snack
[snæk] (高研六雅 5187/7131 -2)
Back: n. 快餐，点心; 加餐
vi. 吃快餐
时态：snacked, snacking, snacks
分布：小吃(55%)，点心(40%)，吃点心(5%)
→来自中古荷兰语 snacken,抓，抢，狗咬，拼写变体自 snappen,抓，抢，词源同 snap.后引申词 义点心，小吃。
n.快餐,小吃,点心The man tackling the drawback of the brackets runs a slack snack business.那个解决支架缺点的人经营着萧条的小吃生意.
noun countable
 IMPROVER
■a small amount of food that is eaten between meals, or a very small meal 小吃，点心；速食
• I had a huge lunch, so I'll only need a snack for dinner. 我午餐吃得很饱，所以晚餐吃些点心就可以了。
• Fresh or dried fruit makes an ideal snack. 新鲜水果或果干是理想的点心。
• Many snack foods are high in salt, sugar and fat. 很多速食都是高盐、高糖、高脂肪。
[snæk] verb intransitive
■to eat small amounts of food between meals 吃点心，小食（在正餐之间吃少量的食物）
• I've been snacking all day. 我吃了一天的零食。
• If you eat three good meals a day, you're less likely to snack on biscuits and crisps. 如果你一天三餐好好吃，可能就不会把饼乾和薯片当点心了。
n. [贸易] 小吃，快餐；一份，部分
 - proportion, portion, percent, part, integral
vi. 吃快餐，吃点心
 - nosh

Word: scavenge
Front: scavenge
[ˈskævɪndʒ] (17515/21854 -1)
Vocabulary: scavenge
(once / 4954 pages)
v
When you scavenge, you pick through discarded things looking for whatever is salvageable and can be reused. If you're looking for a replacement part for a vintage car, you might scavenge at the dump for a suitable part.
If you're a freegan you've embraced the idea of trying to live for free, recycling and reusing what others have discarded, leaving a small footprint on the planet. You’re on the lookout for good places to scavenge, such as the dumpster behind a busy supermarket, where you might find edible food, or the trash bins at clothing stores, where wearable clothing is tossed out. Vultures, hyenas, and other animals that feed on carrion — dead animals — also scavenge.
WORD FAMILY
scavenge: scavenged, scavenger, scavenges, scavenging+/ scavenger: scavengers
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was his first discovery on a two-hour scavenging expedition.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
She spends her days scavenging through the junkfields and hunting among the innards of downed spaceships, including the remains of a crashed Imperial Destroyer.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
It was one of two bald eagles that suffered pentobarbital poisoning after scavenging a deer carcass.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 清除污物，打扫; （在废物中）寻觅; （动物）食腐肉
时态：scavenged, scavenging, scavenges
分布：到处觅食(100%)
→回构自 scavenger,搭荒者，捡破烂者。
【记】为了revenge报复，把你变成scavenger
【参】scavenger（n 食腐动物；拣破烂的人）
verb intransitive or transitive
■to look for or get food or other objects in other people's rubbish （从废弃物中）觅食；捡破烂
• The flood has left villagers and animals desperately scavenging for food. 因遭受水灾，村民和牲畜四处寻觅食物。
• We managed to scavenge a lot of furniture from the local rubbish dump. 我们从当地的垃圾堆里捡到了许多家俱。
■If a wild animal scavenges, it feeds on the flesh of dead decaying animals. （野生动物）以腐肉为食
vt. 打扫；排除废气；以…为食
 - do out, clear up
vi. 清除污物；打扫
 - clean, do out

Word: maggot
Front: maggot
[ˈmægət] (17460/10738 -2)
Vocabulary: maggot
(once / 4827 pages)
n
A maggot is a small, wormlike fly larva. Maggots are sometimes found in garbage, compost piles, or other places where they can feed on decaying plants and organic matter. Yum.
The nicest way to think of a maggot is as a baby fly — when maggots grow up, that's just what they become. Because maggot isn't a strictly scientific term, its definition can be vague, sometimes meaning "grub" and other times, "larva" in general. Maggots are usually found in a large, wriggling group, and can be harmful to farm animals with cuts or sores, as they can infest their skin.
WORD FAMILY
maggot: maggots, maggoty
USAGE EXAMPLES
The first employed a speaker-styled black box which isolates its users and leaves them eating maggots – all vaguely possible, all very Black Mirror.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
“Not to something that eats maggots,” I said.
The New Yorker(Dec 17, 2016)
The screwworms are maggots that eat livestock and pets alive.
Washington Times(Nov 26, 2016)
Back: n. 蛆
adj. 多蛆的
分布：蛆(79%)，空想(16%)，怪念头(5%)
→来自中古英语magot,改编自maddock,虫，蛆，来自Proto-Germanic*mathon,来自math,虫，蛆虫，词源同moth,mawkish.-ock,小词后缀，词源同hillock.词义发疯的来自民间传说，认为脑子里面进虫或蛆或导致人发疯或反之亦然。
noun countable
■a creature like a very small worm which later develops into a fly and is found in decaying meat and other foods 蛆
n. [无脊椎] 蛆；空想，狂想
 - imagination, gentle

Word: sizzle
Front: sizzle
[ˈsɪzl] (15950/23622 -1)
Back: vi. 发咝咝声; 表现良好，进行顺利
vt. 把…烧得嘶嘶响; 烧灼
n. 油煎食物时)发出的咝咝声
时态：sizzled, sizzling, sizzles
分布：咝咝的声音(30%)，嘶嘶作响(30%)，表现极好(20%)，使 ...烧得咝咝作响(20%)
→sizz-,发咝咝声，拟声词，-le,表反复。
verb intransitive
■to make a sound like food cooking in hot fat 发出（油炸食物般的）咝咝声 ； 滋滋作响
• The sausages are sizzling in the pan. 香肠在平底锅里滋滋作响。
vi. 发嘶嘶声
 - fizzle
n. 嘶嘶声
 - fizzer

Word: lullaby
Front: lullaby
[ˈlʌləbaɪ] (宝 17512/26205)
Vocabulary: lullaby
(once / 3548 pages)
n
If anyone has ever sung a song to you before bedtime, trying to lull you to sleep, you can call that song a lullaby. Lullabies are usually soft and soothing tunes — more like "Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star" than AC/DC's "Back in Black."
Many lullabies are folk tunes, and most of them are simple melodies with repetitive lyrics. You might be familiar with lullabies like "Hush, Little Baby," "Rockabye Baby," and "Twinkle Twinkle Little Star," all of which have been sung for generations to sleepy children by their parents, grandparents, and babysitters. The word lullaby comes from the Middle English lullen, "to lull or soothe," and bye, as in "bye bye."
WORD FAMILY
lullaby: lullabied, lullabies
USAGE EXAMPLES
They absorb such stock scenes as the lament, the pastoral, the lullaby, the rage aria, the tempest.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
The lullaby waltz written for his nephew is actually a puzzle?
Washington Post(Nov 30, 2016)
She heard a lullaby by the composer Richard Strauss, she says, and she was dumbfounded.
Washington Post(Nov 18, 2016)
Back: n. 摇篮曲，催眠曲
分布：摇篮曲(54%)，催眠曲(37%)，使安静(3%)，唱摇篮曲使安眠(3%)，任何轻柔的音乐(3%)
→lull,催眠，哄小孩入睡，by,再见。
【记】lull安静，aby＝baby：使baby安静的歌曲－摇篮曲
noun countable
■a quiet song which is sung to children to help them go to sleep 摇篮曲，催眠曲
n. 摇篮曲；催眠曲
 - berceuse, Lullabye For A While

Word: orb
Front: orb
[ɔ:b] (17485/22667)
Vocabulary: orb
(once / 1427 pages)
nv
An orb is a ball-shaped object. You might be inspired to write a poem about the full moon in which you describe it as "a glowing orb."
The sun, moon, marbles, grapes — all of these have been described (particularly by poets) as orbs. Your round gold earrings, your dog's favorite tennis ball, and a grapefruit before you cut it in half can be called orbs too, because they're all spherical in shape. The Latin source, orbem, means "circle, disk, ring, or hoop," and is probably related to orbita, "wheel track or rut."
WORD FAMILY
orb: orbed, orbing, orbs
USAGE EXAMPLES
In one of the palest, a series of orbs and slices of orbs follows the phases of the moon.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
A cube-shaped, see-through facade that encases the orb serves as a visual hymn to the European Union’s motto, “United in diversity,” Mr. Samyn said.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Small orbs of interlocking greenery were hung over the doors as a sign of welcome and goodwill.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 球，天体，圆形物
v. 弄圆; 成球形; 围着; <古>沿着轨道移动
时态：orbed, orbing, orbs
分布：球(57%)，天体(20%)，轨道(8%)，弄圆(7%)，王权宝球(4%)，成球形(4%)
→来自拉丁语orbis,圈，环，球体。
US [ɔ:rb] literary
noun countable
■something in the shape of a sphere 球体；球状物
• the glowing orb of the sun 火球般的太阳
n. [物] 球； [天] 天体；圆形物
 - ball, circle, round
vt. 成球形；弄圆；围着
 - round

Word: crow
Front: crow
[krəʊ] (研四六托 8402/9901 -1)
Vocabulary: crow
(once / 733 pages)
1n 2nv 3vn
A crow is a large, intelligent, black bird with a loud call. Farmers and gardeners set up "scarecrows" to keep crows away from their seeds and crops.
A crow is glossy and dark, a close relation of the raven, and a large group of crows is known as a murder. When a crow caws, you can also say it crows — and another way to crow is to call out with satisfaction about something: "I'm so proud of the award I just want to crow about it all day long!" The Old English root of crowe is crawe, which imitates the sound a crow makes.
WORD FAMILY
crow: crowed, crowing, crows+/crowing: crowings
USAGE EXAMPLES
It grew to more than 3,000 names — longer than the Chevy Chase Country Club’s, Don crowed to a Post reporter in 1985.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
The company crows that it’s the best-selling premium three-row crossover in history.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Hopefully president Trump controls the neocon factions in CIA and state department, we don't need more cooks in an awfully crowed kitchen.
New York Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 乌鸦; 雄鸡的啼声
vi. 公鸡啼鸣，报晓; 欢呼; （尤指在其他人不成功时）扬扬自得地夸口
时态：crowed, crowing, crows
分布：乌鸦(75%)，啼叫(11%)，欢叫(5%)，报晓(5%)，洋洋自得(3%)，夸口(1%)
→拟声词，模仿乌鸦的叫声。比较crane, cock.
n.乌鸦v./n.鸡啼,鸣叫The grown-up growled at a crowd of crows.那个成年人对着一群公鸡咆哮.
US [kroʊ] noun countable
■a large black bird with a loud unpleasant cry 乌鸦
UK [krəʊ] US [kroʊ] noun countable
as the crow flies
■describes a distance when measured in a straight line between two points or places 笔直地，成直线地，沿直线
UK [krəʊ] US [kroʊ] verb intransitive (crowed or UK ALSO crew, crowed or UK ALSO crew)
CRY 叫
■When a cock (= an adult male chicken) crows, it makes a very long and loud sharp cry （公鸡）啼叫，打鸣
• We were woken at dawn by a cock crowing repeatedly. 黎明时，我们被一阵阵的鸡啼声吵醒。
■When a baby crows, it makes sudden cries of happiness. （婴儿）欢叫
UK [krəʊ] US [kroʊ] verb intransitive (crowed or UK ALSO crew, crowed or UK ALSO crew)
TALK PROUDLY 夸口 disapproving
■to talk in a proud and annoying way about something you have done 夸耀；夸口，自夸
• He's always crowing about his latest triumph. 他老是吹嘘他最近取得的成功。
pride, boast, brag, crow
这组词都有“自夸，吹嘘”的意思，其区别是：
pride: 与boast的意义较接近，指炫耀、夸口，自鸣得意，常与反身代词连用。
boast: 普通用词，指对自己所做的事，自己的长处、财富以及家庭等的夸耀，常含言过其实的意味。
brag: 非正式用词，其夸耀和吹嘘意味强于boast，到了过分夸大，有时令人讨厌的地步。
crow: 多指大声吵嚷地吹嘘，夸耀自己做某事比他人做得好。
n. [鸟] 乌鸦；鸡鸣；撬棍
 - corbie, wrecking bar

Word: reclusive
Front: reclusive
[rɪ'klu:sɪv] (17518/32739)
Vocabulary: reclusive
(once / 14258 pages)
adj
The adjective reclusive describes a desire for seclusion or privacy. A reclusive movie star is the one tabloid photographers dream of capturing on film.
The root word of reclusive is recluse, which came from the Old French word reclus, originally meaning "a person shut up from the world for purposes of religious meditation." Today, maybe you just want to be alone — reclusive describes a person who is withdrawn from society or seeks solitude, like a hermit. Grocery shopping late at night is a reclusive habit, because few people are in the store then.
WORD FAMILY
reclusive: reclusively, reclusiveness
USAGE EXAMPLES
These athletes are turning to ultrarunning, a sport that not long ago was considered the reclusive, funky-smelling cousin of traditional road racing.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
The reclusive former guerrilla leader won a second, contested election in 2011.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
Security Council resolution imposed on the reclusive country.
Reuters(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: adj. 隐遁的，隐居的; 孤独
分布：隐遁的(77%)，孤寂的(23%)
隐居的(recluse+ive)[clos,clud,clus=close,表示"关闭"]
ADJ-GRADED
独居的;隐居的;遁世的
A reclusive person or animal lives alone and deliberately avoids the company of others.
例：She had been living a reclusive life in Los Angeles since her marriage broke up.自从离婚后她一直在洛杉矶过着独居的生活。
例：She had become increasingly ill and reclusive.她病得越来越重，越来越孤僻。
adj. 隐居的；隐遁的
 - cloistered, claustral

Word: hard-boiled
Front: hard-boiled
[ˈhɑ:dˈbɔild] (-1)
Back: adj. 煮过熟了的; 没有感情的; 老于世故
分布：煮透的(50%)，冷淡的(50%)
US [ˌhɑ:rd-] adjective
EGG 蛋
■describes an egg which has been heated in its shell in boiling water until both the white and yellow parts are solid （蛋）煮得老的
UK [ˌhɑ:d'bɔɪld] US [ˌhɑ:rd-] adjective
STRONG 强壮的 informal
■describes a strong and determined person who shows little emotion （人）冷酷的，不动感情的
• The film stars Kathleen Turner as the hard-boiled detective of Sarah Paretsky's novel. 根据莎拉‧派瑞斯基的小说改编的电影中，凯瑟琳‧特纳担纲主角，扮演冷酷的警探。
adj. 煮过熟了的；不动感情的
 - unsentimental, unimpassioned

Word: degenerate
Front: degenerate
[dɪˈdʒenəreɪt] (研六托雅 16007/11310 -1)
Vocabulary: degenerate
(once / 630 pages)
nadjv
If something degenerates, it gets worse, like a food fight that degenerates to an all-out spaghetti-throwing war. Degenerate can also describe an immoral person — or the behavior of such a person.
Whether used as a verb, noun, or adjective, degenerate carries a sense of making worse or decline — not living up to the standards set by your ancestors — or becoming unlike the people of your race or kind. People who are degenerate, or who exhibit degenerate behavior, are often set apart from others, in part out of fear that their influence will degenerate the morals of the impressionable people around them.
WORD FAMILY
degenerate: degeneracy, degenerated, degenerately, degenerates, degenerating, degeneration, degenerative+/degeneracy: degeneracies/ degeneration: degenerations
USAGE EXAMPLES
He was critical of much of modern tennis, saying the sport had degenerated into a boring contest of baseline slugging.
Washington Post(Nov 15, 2016)
It was a delirious, degenerate pantomime of authority seized and undermined.
The New Yorker(Nov 11, 2016)
Toxic politics have degenerated to rank-and-file hatred of the other side.
Seattle Times(Nov 09, 2016)
Back: adj. 退化的; 堕落的; 变质的; 变性的
vt. 使退化; 恶化; 使变质; 衰减
vi. 退化; 堕落
n. 堕落的人; 腐化的人; 精神变态者; 退化的动物
时态：degenerated, degenerating, degenerates
分布：退化(55%)，堕落(22%)，堕落的(11%)，退化的(9%)，堕落的人(3%)
→de-, 向下，离开。-gen, 出生，词源同gene, generate. 原义为偏离祖训，有损祖先名声，后引申为堕落，恶化。
堕落;衰退(de坏+gener+ate→往坏产生→堕落)[gen,gener,genit=birth,produce,表示"出生,产生"]
v.衰退,堕落,蜕化a.堕落的n.堕落者His health degenerates rapidly.他的健康迅速恶化.
【记】de坏，genera（n 种类，属）－使种类变坏一退化de坏，gene基因－使基因变坏一退化
【参】regenerate（vt 使新生；重建；改革）；generation（n 一代人）
US [-ə˞-/
■having low standards of behaviour 堕落的，颓废的
• a degenerate young man 堕落的年轻人
noun countable UK [dɪˈdʒen.ər.ət] US [-ə˞-] formal disapproving
■someone with low standards of behaviour 堕落的人，颓废的人
• They're just moral degenerates with no sense of decency. 他们这些人道德败坏，毫无廉耻之心。
vt. [数] [生物] 使退化；恶化
 - go ill, exasperate
vi. [数] [生物] 退化；堕落
 - go to seed, retrogress
adj. [数] [生物] 退化的；堕落的
 - fallen, degraded
n. 堕落的人
 - lost souls

Word: horse-drawn
Front: horse-drawn
[ˈhɔ:sdrɔ:n] None
Back: adj. （用作定语）用马拖的
分布：马拉的(100%)
US ['hɔ:rs.drɑ:n] adjective [before noun]
■describes a vehicle pulled by a horse （车辆）马拉的

Word: Aryan
Front: Aryan
['æriən] (17491/33654)
Back: n. 雅利安人；印欧语
adj. 雅利安语系的；印欧语系的
分布：印欧语(39%)，印欧语系的(25%)，亚利安人(12%)，印欧语系的人(12%)，亚利安语系的(12%)
→词源同Iran, 伊朗。
US ['e.ri.ən] adjective
■relating to white people from northern Europe, especially those with pale hair and blue eyes, who were believed by the Nazis to be better than members of all other races （尤指浅色头发、蓝眼睛、被纳粹认为是最优等人种的）雅利安人的，北欧人的

Word: hyperactive
Front: hyperactive
[ˌhaɪpərˈæktɪv] (17525/22010 -1)
Vocabulary: hyperactive
(once / 18018 pages)
adj
Anything hyperactive is doing more than it should — a hyperactive child bounces off the walls, and a hyperactive gland secretes too much and makes you feel bad.
It's good to be active, but add hyper and it’s not so good anymore. Hyper comes from a Greek word for “too much.” If someone is hyperactive, she might have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). People who suffer from it are hyperactive and can’t concentrate. You could say they’re hyper, which is short for hyperactive, but that’s not very polite. Hyperactive glands produce too many hormones and throw the body out of whack. Hyperactive things need to settle down.
WORD FAMILY
hyperactive: hyperactively, hyperactivity+/ act: actable, acted, acting, action, active, actor, actress, acts, actuate, counteract, enact, interact, overact, underact/actable: unactable/acting: actings, self-acting/ action: actionable, actioned, actions, inaction/ activate: activated, activates, activating, activation, activator, deactivate, reactivate /activating: self-activating/ activation: activations/activator: activators/ active: activate, actively, activeness, activer, actives, activest, activity, hyperactive, inactive, overactive, underactive/ activity: activities/ actor: actors/actress: actresses/ actuate: actuated, actuates, actuating, actuation, actuator/actuator: actuators/counteract: counteracted, counteracting, counteraction, counteractive, counteracts/counteraction: counteractions/deactivate: deactivated, deactivates, deactivating, deactivation/ enact: enacted, enacting, enactment, enacts, reenact/enactment: enactments/inaction: inactions/inactivate: inactivated, inactivates, inactivating, inactivation/ inactive: inactivate, inactively, inactiveness, inactivity / inactivity: inactivities/ interact: interacted, interacting, interaction, interactive, interacts/ interaction: interactional, interactions/ interactive: interactively/overact: overacted, overacting, overacts/overacting: overactings/overactive: overactivity/ reactivate: reactivated, reactivates, reactivating/reenact: reenacted, reenacting, reenactment, reenacts/ reenactment: reenactments/underact: underacted, underacting, underacts
USAGE EXAMPLES
The performers set a pace that’s enthusiastic without being hyperactive, and their delight is infectious throughout the 100-minute running time, which includes one intermission.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Indeed, for Mr. Gray and his HyperActive cohort that night, each action was both a gesture and a statement.
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
In times of crisis, most citizens won’t want a president with such a hyperactive amygdala.
Time(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 活动过度的; 极度活跃的
分布：极度活跃的(100%)
→hyper-,超过的，多的，active,积极的，主动的。比喻用法。
活动过度的(hyper+active活动的)[hyper-表示"超过,太多"]
US [-pɚ'æk.tˌɪv] adjective
■Someone who is hyperactive has more energy than is normal, gets excited easily and cannot stay still or think about their work 好动亢奋的；过度活跃的
• Hyperactive children often have poor concentration and require very little sleep. 好动的孩子注意力经常不够集中而且睡觉不足。
⇒ See also hyper

Word: vest
Front: vest
[vest] (高研四六 6686/9247 -2)
Vocabulary: vest
(once / 456 pages)
nv
A vest is a sleeveless piece of clothing that's usually worn over a shirt. Your dad might love to wear his favorite striped sweater vest to parties, which is less embarrassing than when he wears the orange furry one.
There are different kinds of vests, including sweater vests, puffy winter vests, and tailored suit vests, usually worn underneath a formal jacket. Some vests have buttons, and others have zippers or snaps. Some are even bullet proof! When vest is a verb, it means to grant or bestow: "The Queen vests control of the zoos to the Royal Zookeeper." Both meanings of vest come from the same root word, the Latin vestire, "to clothe."
WORD FAMILY
vest: vested, vesting, vestment, vests, vesture+/ vestment: vestments/vesture: vestiary, vestured, vestures
USAGE EXAMPLES
How it works: A modified stethoscope is put in a vest.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
He also bought two bulletproof vests, for about $700 each.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Dozens of militants with suicide vests emerged from a network of tunnels while mortars rained down and snipers fired at the trapped soldiers.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 马甲; 防护衣; 内衣; （印有运动员编号的）运动背心
vi. 合法地被授予; 给自己装上教服
vt. 授权; 赋予; 穿衣服，穿教服
时态：vested, vesting, vests
分布：背心(69%)，马甲(12%)，汗衫(6%)，内衣(4%)，穿衣服(4%)，授予(3%)，使穿衣(2%)
→来自wes,穿衣，词源同wear,invest.引申词义授权，赋予，来自特定衣服的象征意义。
背心[uest=clothes,表示"衣服"]
n.背心,马甲;汗衫,内衣"What a marvelous carving!" the starveling harvester in vest said."好一件神奇的雕刻!"挨饿的穿着背心的收割者说.
noun countable
 ADVANCED UK (US undershirt) (Australian singlet)
■a type of underwear, often with no sleeves, which covers the upper part of the body and which is worn for extra warmth （无袖保暖）内衣；（贴身穿的）背心
• a cotton/woollen/string vest 纯棉／羊毛／网眼背心
• She always wore a long-sleeved thermal vest in winter. 她冬天总是穿一件长袖保暖内衣。
■UK (also vest top)
■a shirt without sleeves, usually made out of cotton, which is worn in the summer or for sport 汗背心；运动背心
• The cyclists were all dressed in tight lycra shorts and the official team vest. 自行车运动员全都穿着紧身弹力短裤和正式的运动队背心。
• He wore a vest top and a pair of luminous shorts to the beach party. 他穿着背心和鲜艳的短裤去参加海滩聚会。
US for * waistcoat
[vest] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  be vested in sb/sth (also be vested with sth) formal
■If power or authority is vested in someone or something, or if they are vested with power or authority, it is officially given to them （权力等）归属于；拥有，被赋予（权力）
• Control has been vested in local authorities. 地方当局拥有控制权。
• He has been vested with the power/authority to implement whatever changes he sees fit. 他有权实行他认为合适的任何变革。
n. [服装] 背心；汗衫
 - shirt, waistcoat
vt. 授予；使穿衣
 - award, grant, invest, habit, give

Word: slather
Front: slather
[ˈslæðə(r)] (17514/-)
Back: vt. 大量地用，厚厚地涂
时态：slathered, slathering, slathers
分布：大量(38%)，大量使用(36%)，厚厚地涂(26%)
→来自辅音丛 sl-,黏滑的，淤泥的，泥浆的，比较 slop,slosh,slough,sludge.引申词义涂抹。
US [-ɚ] verb transitive
■to spread something thickly on something else 大量涂抹，厚厚涂抹
• She slathered lotion on/all over her body. 她在全身涂抹了大量的润肤乳霜。
• She slathered her toast with butter. 她往吐司面包上抹了很多奶油。
n. 大量
 - lots of, wealth, ocean, sea, billion

Word: respiration
Front: respiration
[ˌrespəˈreɪʃn] (托雅宝 17458/20623)
Vocabulary: respiration
(once / 2132 pages)
n
Respiration is the act of breathing. You wear a ventilator if you need help with your respiration.
Everyone who breathes has the power of respiration. There is, however, another type of respiration which occurs in cells. This is the process of taking in certain substances and putting out others that a cell undergoes to produces energy. One single breath, the inhale and the exhale together, is also called a respiration.
WORD FAMILY
respiration: respirations+/ respirator: respirators/ respire: respiration, respirator, respiratory, respired, respires, respiring
USAGE EXAMPLES
Second, it inhibits the process of respiration in mitochondria, cells’ powerhouses.
Science Magazine(Dec 07, 2016)
The height at which the leaves are trimmed influences the respiration of the vines and the evaporation of water from the vineyard.
Washington Post(Nov 23, 2016)
Boyles says it’s likely the four took something that suppressed their respiration.
Washington Times(Nov 18, 2016)
Back: n. 呼吸，一次呼吸; （植物的）呼吸; 一息
分布：呼吸(99%)，植物呼吸作用(1%)
呼吸[spir=breathe表示"呼吸"]
[ˌres.pɪ'reɪ.ʃən] formal or specialized
noun uncountable
■breathing 呼吸
• Her respiration was slow and difficult. 她呼吸缓慢、吃力。
• The diaphragm is the principal muscle of respiration. 膈膜是主要的呼吸肌。
⇒ See also artificial respiration
n. [生理] 呼吸；呼吸作用
 - breath, wind

Word: pagan
Front: pagan
[ˈpeɪgən] (宝 12376/10206 -2)
Vocabulary: pagan
(once / 465 pages)
1nadj 2n
You could be considered a pagan if you don't believe in religion or you worship more than one god.
The original pagans were followers of an ancient religion that worshiped several gods (polytheistic). Today, pagan is used to describe someone who doesn't go to synagogue, church, or mosque. It could be that they worship several gods at once, or they have no interest in a god at all. Religious people sometimes use pagan as a put-down to describe the unreligious as godless and uncivilized.
WORD FAMILY
pagan: paganise, paganism, paganize, paganly, pagans+/paganise: paganised, paganises, paganising/ paganism: paganisms/paganize: paganized, paganizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
“A hero soldier of the caliphate attacked one of the most famous nightclubs, where Christians celebrated their pagan holiday,” the statement read.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The scary thing about north European pagan myth is that it says the gods themselves must die.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
To avoid detection, early Christians celebrated his birth on Dec. 25, coinciding with the pagan festivities.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 异教徒，非基督教徒; 没有宗教信仰的人
adj. 异教徒的; 非基督教的; 无宗教信仰的
分布：异教徒(56%)，异教徒的(23%)，异教的(14%)，无宗教信仰的(5%)，无宗教信仰者(2%)
→来自拉丁语pagus,乡村，村民，来自pag,固定，标记，词源同page,pact.后词义由村民引申为粗俗的，不信教的，不信基督的，异教徒。词义演变比较villain,village.
【记】pa怕，gan干：怕被基督教徒干掉的人－异教徒
adjective
■belonging to a religion which worships many gods, especially one which existed before the main world religions 异教的
• a pagan religion 异教
• The Easter egg has both pagan and Christian origins. 复活节彩蛋的起源与异教和基督教都有关。
■relating to religious beliefs that do not belong to any of the main religions of the world 异教的，非正统的
• a pagan festival 异教的节日
['peɪ.gən] noun countable
■a person who has pagan beliefs 异教徒
humorous
■a person who has no religious beliefs 没有宗教信仰的人
adj. 异教的；异教徒的
 - heretical, heathenish
n. 异教徒；无宗教信仰者
 - unbeliever, goy

Word: sow
Front: sow
[səʊ] (高研四六托雅宝 10366/6893 -2)
Vocabulary: sow
(once / 296 pages)
1v 2n
When you plant seeds in the ground, you sow them. You can also sow things like doubts or ideas, simply by spreading them around. If your ideas (or your seeds) develop and grow, you've successfully sown them.
The verb sow is pronounced completely differently from the noun sow, which means "a female pig." When you sow flower seeds, it rhymes with "go." When you admire an enormous, muddy sow in a pig pen, it rhymes with "cow." When two words are spelled the same but sound different, they're called heteronyms.
WORD FAMILY
sow: sowed, sower, sowing, sown, sows+/sowed: self-sowed/sower: sowers/ sown: self-sown, sowner, unsown
USAGE EXAMPLES
Austin Wilson, environmental health program manager for As You Sow, said the company’s new plan represented progress.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Facebook’s activation of the feature sowed confusion, however, because the platform also promoted a link to a false news report of a major “explosion”.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
His key argument focuses on sowing doubt about the accuracy of climate models.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 播（种），播种于
vt. 灌输; 激起; 散布; 煽动
n. 母猪
时态：sowed, sown, sowing, sows
分布：播种(48%)，母猪(44%)，散布(8%)
→来自古英语 sawan,播种，播撒，授精，来自 Proto-Germanic*sean,播种，来自 se,播种， 词源同 seed,semen,season.sow 母猪
v.播种Bowing its elbow, the owl sows in the bowl.猫头鹰弯着肘在碗中播种.
【记】外部sow说，李宏志是sow！
noun countable
■an adult female pig 母猪
vt. 播种；散布；使密布
 - seed, distribute, spread
vi. 播种
 - seed

Word: hemlock
Front: hemlock
[ˈhemlɒk] (17438/39778)
Back: n. 由毒芹提取的毒药
分布：铁杉(65%)，毒芹(19%)，毒汁(11%)，从毒芹提炼的毒药(5%)
→词源不详。
US [-lɑ:k] noun uncountable
■a type of poison made from a plant which has small white flowers and divided leaves 从毒芹中提炼的毒药

Word: sell
Front: sell
[sel] (中高 443/461 -K5)
Back: vt. & vi. 卖，售; 使好卖; 使接受，使赞成; 销售
vt. 经销; 推销; 出卖; 欺骗
n. 销售; 欺骗; 失望; 推销术
vi. 卖; 出售; 受欢迎; 有销路
时态：sold, selling, sells
分布：卖(70%)，出售(30%)
→来自古英语 sellan,供应，提供，移交，来自 Proto-Germanic*saljan,提供，交付，来自 sel, 持有，握住，词源同 sale.后引申词义出售，销售，原词义逐渐退出使用。
v.卖,出售The cell seller seldom sees the bell belt melt.小单间的卖主很少见到铃铛带子融化.
[sel] (sold, sold)
verb
MONEY 金钱
 ESSENTIAL intransitive or transitive
■to give something to someone else in return for money 卖，出售
• [+ two objects] I sold him my car/I sold my car to him for £600. 我把车以600英镑的价钱卖给了他。
• We'll be selling the tickets at/for £50 each. 我们每张票将卖50英镑。
• The stall sells drinks and snacks. 这个摊位卖饮料和小吃。
• These baskets sell well (= a lot of them are bought). 这些篮子卖得很好。
[sel] (sold, sold)
verb
PERSUADE 说服
   transitive
■to persuade someone that an idea or plan is a good one and likely to be successful 说服；使接受
• My boss is very old-fashioned and I'm having a lot of trouble selling the idea of working at home occasionally. 我的上司很守旧，我要费好大的功夫才能使他相信偶尔在家里工作是个不错的主意。
• [+ two objects] The chance of greater access to European markets would help sell the President the scheme/sell the scheme to the President. 有机会更进一步打入欧洲市场将能说服总统接受这个计划。
• She's really sold on the idea of buying a new car. 她真的觉得买辆新车是个好主意。
[sel] (sold, sold)
verb
sell sb a bill of goods (UK also sell sb a pup)
■to deceive someone into buying something which has no value 诓骗（某人）购买毫无价值的东西
[sel] (sold, sold)
verb
sell sb down the river informal
■to put someone in a difficult or dangerous situation by not acting as you had promised to act, usually in order to win an advantage for yourself 出卖（某人）；背叛（某人）
[sel] (sold, sold)
verb
sell yourself/sth short
■to not value someone or something as much as they deserve to be valued 小看；低估
• Don't sell yourself short - you've got the skills and the experience. 不要小看自己——你有技术，也有经验。
[sel] (sold, sold)
verb
sell your soul (to the devil)
■to be persuaded to do something, especially something bad, because of the money or other reward you will receive for doing it 出卖灵魂
[sel] (sold, sold)
verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] sell sth off
■to charge a low price for something to encourage people to buy it 减价出售；低价处理
• They're selling off last year's stock at half price. 他们正以半价抛售去年的存货。
■to sell all or part of a business 出售（全部或部分企业）
• The company announced that it would be selling off its hotel business. 公司宣布将出售其旅馆业务。
[sel] (sold, sold)
verb
  Phrasal Verbs  sell out ADVANCED
SELL ALL
■to sell all of the supply that you have of something 卖光
• We sold out of the T-shirts in the first couple of hours. 我们在前几个小时就把T恤卖完了。
■If a supply of something sells out, there is no more of that thing to buy 销售一空，售罄； 脱售
• The first issue of the magazine sold out within two days. 杂志的第一期两天内销售一空。
[passive]
■When a show or film is sold out, all of the tickets for it have been sold （演出或电影的票）售罄
• We couldn't get seats - the concert was sold out. 我们弄不到座位——音乐会的票卖完了。
SELL BUSINESS
■to sell your business or part of your business 出售（部分）企业
• They decided to sell out to their competitors. 他们决定把公司卖给竞争对手。
[sel] (sold, sold)
verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] sell (sb) out informal
■to not do what you have promised someone you will do or what you should do because you will get more advantages for yourself if you do something else 背叛；出卖
• French farmers feel they've been sold out by their government in the negotiations. 法国农民感到在谈判中他们被政府出卖了。
• They've sold out to the road transport lobby (= done what these people wanted). 他们对道路交通游说团曲意逢迎。
[sel] (sold, sold)
verb
  Phrasal Verbs  sell up UK
■to sell your house or company in order to go somewhere else or do something else （为移居他处或做别的事情而）出售房屋（或公司）
• They sold up and retired to the West Country. 他们变卖家产搬到了英格兰西南部。
vt. 销售；推销；出卖；欺骗
 - promote, find a market
vi. 卖；出售；受欢迎；有销路
 - bring to market, go to sb for
n. 销售；失望；推销术
 - marketing, disappointment

Word: skimpy
Front: skimpy
[ˈskɪmpi] (托 17532/20910)
Back: adj. （衣服）小而暴露的; <贬>（数量或大小）不足的，不够的
级别：skimpier, skimpiest
分布：不足的(59%)，吝啬的(31%)，缺乏的(10%)
→skimp,节省，吝惜，-y,形容词后缀。引申比喻义小的，少的，不足的。
adjective disapproving
■not large enough 不足的，不够的
• a skimpy meal 不够吃的一顿饭
■Skimpy clothing shows a lot of your body （衣服）暴露的
• a skimpy dress 又短又暴露的裙子
adj. 不足的；吝啬的
 - insufficient, short, deficient, tight, lacking

Word: conclusively
Front: conclusively
[kən'klu:sɪvlɪ] (17535/15067)
Back: adv. 令人信服地，确凿地
分布：最后地(60%)，确定地(40%)
adverb
■without any doubt 不容置疑地；决定性地；结论性地
• It is impossible to demonstrate/prove conclusively that the factory is responsible for the pollution. 想要确凿地证明污染的责任在于该工厂是不可能的。
adv. 最后地；决定性地
 - finally, last

Word: lacquer
Front: lacquer
[ˈlækə(r)] (17476/21568 -1)
Vocabulary: lacquer
(once / 4462 pages)
nv
Lacquer is a clear liquid that is painted on a surface and dries hard and shiny. Lacquer can be used to protect wood.
Wooden furniture or art objects made from wood are sometimes coated with lacquer. The lacquer makes the wood glossy and protects it from scratches and nicks. In Eastern Asia, there is a tradition of making decorative objects called "lacquerware," boxes, buttons, and other items that are made of wood and coated in lacquer. Lacquer comes from a now-obsolete French word, lacre, a type of sealing wax, and is ultimately rooted in the Sanskrit laksha, "red dye."
WORD FAMILY
lacquer: lacquered, lacquering, lacquers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The place was snugly feral, lacquered with graffiti, some of it added during shooting.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
The lacquer is light reflective while the desert horizon progressively blurs.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 14, 2016)
What we got was an oval plate of lacquered, skin-on bird parts — and nothing else.
Washington Post(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: n. 漆，天然漆; 漆器
vt. 涂漆于; 使…表面或外观光滑
时态：lacquered, lacquering, lacquers
分布：漆(81%)，漆器(16%)，涂漆(1%)，天然漆(1%)，使 ... 表面或外观光滑(1%)
→词源同lac,紫胶，后用来指红漆，漆。
US [-ɚ] noun uncountable
WOOD/METAL 木材／金属
■a liquid which is painted on wood or metal and forms a hard, shiny, protective surface when it dries （用于木材或金属表面的）漆，亮漆
UK ['læk.ər] US [-ɚ] noun uncountable
HAIR 头发 (also hair lacquer) UK for
■ hair spray
vt. 涂漆；使表面光泽
 - paint coating
n. [涂料] 漆；漆器
 - japan, lacker

Word: absorbing
Front: absorbing
[əbˈsɔ:bɪŋ] (托 17537/14174 -1)
Back: adj. 吸引人的; 非常有趣的
v. 吸收(absorb的ing形式); 引人注意
分布：吸引人的(59%)，非常有趣的(31%)，动词absorb的现在分词.(10%)
US [-'zɔ:r-] adjective
■describes something that is very interesting and keeps your attention 引人入胜的；吸引人的
• I read her last novel and found it very absorbing. 我读了她的最新小说，觉得非常吸引人。
adj. 吸引人的；极有趣的
 - attractive, appealing
v. 吸收（absorb的ing形式）
 - digesting

Word: high-pressure
Front: high-pressure
[ˈhaɪˈpreʃə] None
Back: adj. 高压的，硬干的
v. 对…施加压力，强制
分布：高压的(63%)，强制(25%)，强行推销(12%)
US [-ɚ] adjective [before noun]
PRESSURE 压力
■involving pressure which is greater than usual 高压的
• They used special high-pressure hoses to help them put out the fires. 他们用特殊的高压水管来帮助灭火。
UK [ˌhaɪ'preʃ.ər] US [-ɚ] adjective [before noun]
SELLING 销售
■describes methods of selling that involve persuading people in a forceful way to buy something that often they do not want 强行推销的
• I refuse to be intimidated by high-pressure sales techniques. 我不会受强迫推销胁迫买东西。
UK [ˌhaɪ'preʃ.ər] US [-ɚ] adjective [before noun]
WORRY 担心
■involving a lot of responsibility or worry 责任重大的；给人很大压力的，令人紧张的
• a high-pressure job in advertising 压力很大的广告业工作
adj. 高压的；高气压的；强行的
 - heavy-fisted, coercive
vt. 对…施加压力；强制
 - enforce, bear on

Word: matter-of-fact
Front: matter-of-fact
['mætər əv fækt] (-1)
Vocabulary: matter-of-fact
(once / 2368 pages)
adj
Someone who's matter-of-fact is straightforward and unemotional. Your matter-of-fact friend won't get upset when her dog runs away — she'll call him calmly until he returns.
Matter-of-fact things aren't fancy or stylish; they just tell it like it is. A matter-of-fact letter to the editor is practical and factual, and a kid's matter-of-fact apology for breaking his neighbor's window will take responsibility and offer a sincere "I'm sorry." A matter-of-fact news report doesn't sensationalize facts, but simply states them. Originally, matter-of-fact was a legal term meaning "portion of an enquiry concerned with truth or falsehood."
WORD FAMILY
matter-of-fact
USAGE EXAMPLES
He speaks in matter-of-fact tones, his voice soft but never trembling.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
The show was instrumental in shifting the popular landscape genre away from romanticized grandeur, typified by Ansel Adams, and toward matter-of-fact vernacular truth.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 13, 2016)
He spoke in a matter-of-fact tone, often eagerly answering the agents’ questions and describing his planning for the attack.
New York Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: adj. 切合实际的; 讲求实际的; 就事论事的; 平淡的; 面不改色的
分布：实事求是的(100%)
→比喻用法。
US [ˌmætˌ.ɚ.əv-] adjective
■not showing feelings or emotion, especially in a situation when emotion would be expected 就事论事的；不带感情的
• He spoke in a very matter-of-fact way about the accident. 他非常平静地谈到那次意外。
adj. 实事求是的；讲求实际的；不带感情的；平淡的
 - dispassionate, literal-minded

Word: pickled
Front: pickled
[ˈpɪkld] (17522/23460)
Back: adj. <俚>烂醉如泥的; 盐渍的; 腌制的
v. 腌，( pickle的过去式和过去分词)
分布：腌制的(66%)，腌渍的(22%)，动词pickle的过去式、过去分词形式(12%)
adjective
■kept in vinegar 腌的，腌制的
• pickled onions/gherkins/herring 腌制的洋葱／小黄瓜／鲱鱼
■old-fashioned informal
■drunk 酩酊大醉的，烂醉的
• I got really pickled at Pat's party. 在派特的聚会上我醉得一塌糊涂。
adj. 腌制的；盐渍的；烂醉如泥的
 - preserved, corned

Word: luminosity
Front: luminosity
[ˌlu:mɪ'nɒsətɪ] (托 17466/25798)
Vocabulary: luminosity
(once / 14962 pages)
n
Luminosity is the quality of something that gives off light or shines with reflected light. The most noticeable quality of a large, sparkly diamond is its luminosity.
You might describe a bright and lively oil painting in terms of its luminosity, or marvel at the luminosity of a brilliant sunset. Astronomers use the word luminosity to talk about a specific property of physics, the energy given of by an astronomical object in a certain amount of time. There's a direct correlation between this amount of energy and the object's brightness. The Latin root is lumen, meaning "light."
WORD FAMILY
luminosity: luminosities+/ luminous: luminosity, luminously, luminousness, self-luminous
USAGE EXAMPLES
Here we present updated figures and model fits with the correct bolometric luminosity.
Nature(Oct 04, 2016)
Five years later, she determined the relationship between luminosity and period of fluctuation for a class of pulsing variable stars called Cepheids.
Nature(Nov 22, 2016)
And one of the marvels of Ms. Foster’s interpretation is the luminosity with which she endows her character’s dimness.
New York Times(Nov 20, 2016)
Back: n. 发光; 光明; 光度; 发光体
分布：光度(86%)，光明(10%)，发光体(4%)
光明,光辉(lumin+osity多...的状态→多光→光辉)[lumin=light,表示"光"]
N-UNCOUNT
（恒星等的）光度，亮度
The luminosity of a star or sun is how bright it is.
例：For a few years its luminosity flared up to about 10,000 times the present-day luminosity of the Sun.它的亮度有几年一度达到了现在太阳亮度的一万倍左右。
n. [天] [光] 光度；光明；光辉
 - flame, magnitude

Word: excise
Front: excise
[ˈeksaɪz] (宝 17506/7269 -1)
Vocabulary: excise
(once / 2037 pages)
1v 2nv
An excise tax is a special tax levied on specific products sold within a country. To excise something can also mean to get rid of it. Say, wouldn't it be nice if they would excise the excise taxes?
An excise tax is simply an extra tax put on various products. Perhaps the most common examples are the taxes levied on tobacco and liquor, often called "sin taxes" because drinking and smoking are considered vices. There is also an excise tax on gasoline. To cover the tax, the seller will usually raise the price of the item. Interestingly, the word excise (ek-SIZE) used as a verb means to remove something by cutting it out. Good luck with excising the excise taxes!
WORD FAMILY
excise: excised, excises, excising, excision+/excision: excisions
USAGE EXAMPLES
The “scum of the world” lines are excised, and the scourging of Jesus is ascribed not to Jewish soldiers but to Pilate.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
He was initially a fierce critic of Trump, saying he represented a “cancer on conservatism” that should be “clearly diagnosed, excised and discarded”.
The Guardian(Dec 11, 2016)
Central Puget Sound Regional Transportation Authority, Wash., $400 million of sales tax and motor vehicle excise tax bonds.
New York Times(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: vt. 切除，删去; 向…征税; 向…索取高价
n. 国内货物税，消费税; 执照税; （英国的）国产税务局
时态：excised, excising, excises
分布：消费税(57%)，切除(20%)，货物税(11%)，删除(6%)，征税(6%)
→来自拉丁语accensum, 评估，估税，来自词根cens,评估，审查，词源同census. 因词义与excise有所重合，因而拼写受excise影响俗化。excise 切除，删除
切除(ex+cise切→切出→切除)[ex-①表示"出,出去"②表示"前面的,前任的"]
割去,删去(ex出＋cise)[cid,cis=cut,kill,表示"切开,杀"]
【记】ex出，cise切－切出去－切除
【参】concision（n 切割；简洁）；incisive（adj 一针见血的）；excision（n 切除；删除）
US [ˈ--] formal
■to remove, especially by cutting 去除；（尤指）切除
• During a three-hour operation six tumours were excised from the wall of the patient's stomach. 在三个小时的手术中，共从病人的胃壁上切除了六个肿瘤。
• The official censors have excised the controversial sections of the report. 官方审查员删除了报告中具争议性的部分。
vt. 切除；收税
 - resect, abscise
n. [税收] 消费税；货物税
 - consumption tax, goods tax

Word: sympathetically
Front: sympathetically
[ˌsɪmpə'θetɪklɪ] (17526/11483)
Back: adv. 悲怜地，富有同情心地
分布：同情地(67%)，表示好感地(33%)
ADJ-GRADED
同情的;表示同情的
If you are sympathetic to someone who is in a bad situation, you are kind to them and show that you understand their feelings.
例：She was very sympathetic to the problems of adult students...她对成年学生的问题深表同情。
例：It may be that he sees you only as a sympathetic friend.也许他只是把你当作一个可以倾诉的朋友。
ADJ-GRADED
赞同的;支持的
If you are sympathetic to a proposal or action, you approve of it and are willing to support it.
例：She met people in London who were sympathetic to the Indian freedom struggle...她在伦敦结识了一些支持印度独立运动的人。
例：His speeches against corruption may find a sympathetic hearing among some Trinidadians.他关于反腐反贪的讲话可能会赢得一些特立尼达岛居民的支持。
ADJ-GRADED
讨人喜欢的;合意的
You describe someone as sympathetic when you like them and approve of the way that they behave.
例：She sounds a most sympathetic character.她听起来是个很招人喜欢的人物。
adv. 悲怜地，怜悯地；富有同情心地
 - commiseratingly, compassionately

Word: self-pity
Front: self-pity
[ˈselfˈpɪti:] (-1)
Vocabulary: self-pity
(once / 7168 pages)
n
If you're completely focused on feeling bad about your own problems and complaints, you're feeling self-pity. Your self-pity can make it hard to appreciate that other people face more serious troubles than you do.
When you feel sorry for yourself, or overly sad about the difficulties you face, you're indulging in self-pity. It's often easier to identify self-pity in other people than in yourself, partly because your own self-pity keeps your attention focused inward. Before the 17th century, pity and piety meant the same thing, "compassion, care, or tenderness." Today piety means "religious reverence."
WORD FAMILY
pity: piteous, pitiable, pitied, pities, pitiful, pitiless, pitying, self-pity +/ piteous: piteously/ pitiable: pitiablest, pitiably/ pitiful: pitifulest, pitifully/ pitiless: pitilessly, pitilessness/pitying: unpitying/unpitying: unpityingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
During the editing, one of Mills’s producers sent him a note: “No more self-pity.”
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
The song invites a delicious, almost luxuriant self-pity and melancholy that envelops you like a steaming tub filled with expensive bath oils.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
He rejects the self-pity trope, insisting, “I enjoy being an outsider. It’s also a joyful thing.”
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 自怜; 自哀
分布：自哀(100%)
US [-'pɪtˌ-] disapproving
noun uncountable
■sadness for yourself because you think you have a lot of problems or have suffered a lot 自怜；自悯
• He faced his illness bravely and without any hint of self-pity. 他勇敢地面对自己的病情，没有一丝自怜。

Word: sidle
Front: sidle
[ˈsaɪdl] (宝 17493/21709)
Vocabulary: sidle
(once / 4286 pages)
v
To sidle is to walk, but in a way that's casual, quiet, and a little sneaky. If you want to surprise someone, sidle up to them and say, "Boo!"
There’s a TV show where a character’s coworker has a habit of walking so softly that he constantly startles her — she never notices him coming. So of course she buys wrestling shoes and tries to sidle back! Sidling is a type of walking that is super quiet. If you want to leave a party without people noticing, sidle out the door. Sidling is a good way to slip away.
WORD FAMILY
sidle: sidled, sidles, sidling
USAGE EXAMPLES
If private investors alone were sidling up to the bar to throw down the cash, this might not be any public concern.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
One day a cellmate, convicted of selling narcotics online, sidled up to him with some news.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
When the boats sidled up, reeking of gas, they all surged toward them.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vi. 悄悄地走，偷偷地走近
时态：sidled, sidling, sidles
分布：侧身移动(34%)，侧身行进(33%)，侧身挨近(33%)
→来自 side,边，侧，-le,表反复。引申词义悄悄的走。
verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to walk towards or away from someone, trying not to be noticed 侧身而行；悄悄地走
• Tim sidled up/over to the girl sitting at the bar and asked if he could buy her a drink. 蒂姆悄悄走近坐在吧台前的那位小姐，问是否可以请她喝一杯。
• She sidled past him, pretending that she had not seen him. 她从他身边悄悄走过，假装没有看见他。

Word: ameliorate
Front: ameliorate
[əˈmi:liəreɪt] (宝 17496/19718)
Vocabulary: ameliorate
(once / 2819 pages)
v
To ameliorate is to step in and make a bad situation better. You could try introducing a second lollipop to ameliorate a battle between two toddlers over a single lollipop.
The verb ameliorate comes from the Latin word meliorare, meaning “improve.” Food drives can ameliorate hunger. An air conditioner can ameliorate the discomfort of a stiflingly hot summer day. A sympathy card can ameliorate grief. Family therapy can ameliorate severe sibling rivalry. Anything that can lift a burden or make something better can ameliorate.
WORD FAMILY
ameliorate: ameliorated, ameliorates, ameliorating, amelioration, ameliorative, amelioratory+/ amelioration: ameliorations
USAGE EXAMPLES
The right defended the status quo; the left agitated to overthrow or at least ameliorate it.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Twice, Congress passed bills intended to regulate the practice and ameliorate its effects.
Washington Post(Dec 11, 2016)
If large enough, they could even ameliorate the effects of possible tariffs.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 16, 2016)
Back: vt. <正，夸>（使）改善，改进; 减轻（痛苦等）; 改良
vi. 变得更好
时态：ameliorated, ameliorating, ameliorates
分布：改善(92%)，变好(4%)，使改善(2%)，使变好(2%)
→前缀a- 同ad-. 词根mel, 加强，多，见multitude, 许多。-ior, 比较级后缀。
改善,改良[melior=better(更好)]
【记】1）a一种，meli拼：茉莉，or或许，ate吃的过去式。一种茉莉或许可以吃。但不表示现在就能吃－要经过改善，改良。现在的茉莉花茶已经深入人心了，或许经过改善、改良，我们就可以吃到美味的鱼香茉莉呀，宫保茉莉呀，铁板茉莉呀什么的！2）meli拼：魔力－用魔力－改善改良
【反】aggravate（vt 使恶化）；dampen（v 使沮丧）；demoralize（v 士气受挫）有可能对invigorate（v 鼓舞）【九阴真经第七章】爱拼才会赢。拼音才是你们的本能，是从小学一年级起开始掌握的技巧，直到现在还应用在输入法上。背单词就是这么简单，用你熟悉的部分、方法背你不熟悉的单词！！！
[ə'mi:.ljə.reɪt] formal
verb transitive
■to make a bad or unpleasant situation better 使变好，改善，改进
• Foreign aid is badly needed to ameliorate the effects of the drought. 急需外援以缓解干旱造成的灾情。
vt. 改善；减轻（痛苦等）；改良
 - improve, moderate
vi. 变得更好
 - improve, get better

Word: acidity
Front: acidity
[əˈsɪdəti] (托 17453/13106)
Back: n. 酸性; <化>酸性; <医>胃酸过多; （言词等的）类刻
分布：酸度(64%)，酸性(36%)
酸度,酸性(acid+ity性质→酸性)[acid,acri,acrid,acu=sour,sharp,表示"尖,酸,锐利"]
【记】acid酸，酸的，ity表性质－酸性
US [-ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
■the amount of acid in a substance or in your stomach 酸的含量，酸度
• This low pH level clearly shows the acidity of the soil here. 这里土壤的pH值很低，表示土壤呈酸性。

Word: cropland
Front: cropland
['krɒplænd] (17687/49194)
Back: n. 农田，耕地
分布：农田(93%)，植作物之农地(7%)
n. 农田；植作物之农地
 - farmland

Word: pariah
Front: pariah
[pəˈraɪə] (宝 17540/32796)
Vocabulary: pariah
(once / 5688 pages)
n
A pariah is someone that has been soundly rejected by their community. Your constant gossiping might make you a pariah on campus.
Pariah takes its name from a tribe in Southeast India. The pariahs were drummers, sorcerers, and servants who became untouchables in Indian society because of the unsanitary jobs they did. Pariah maintains this sense of untouchableness. Pariahs are not just unliked, they are avoided at all costs. Imagine how a once popular restaurant could gain pariah status if it fails health inspections three times in a row.
WORD FAMILY
pariah: pariahs
USAGE EXAMPLES
An ordinary Israeli who lives or works in the Old City of Jerusalem becomes an international pariah, a potential outlaw.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Eastern Ukraine's unrecognised separatist republics - based in Donetsk and Luhansk - are international pariahs and economically dependent on Russia.
BBC(Dec 19, 2016)
“He’s already punished, he’s punished because he’s a pariah. He’s someone who can’t live in town anymore.”
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 被社会遗弃者; <史>贱民
分布：贱民(75%)，被社会遗弃者(15%)，南印度的最下级民(10%)
→来自葡萄牙语paria,来自南印度泰米尔语paraiyar,鼓手。因印度是一个种姓制度严格的国家，鼓手来自最低等级，即贱民阶级。
【记】par怕，ia病，h：贱民都有害怕人的病。
noun countable
■a person who is not accepted by a social group, especially because he or she is not liked, respected or trusted 为社会所抛弃者；受蔑视的人；不被信任者
n. 贱民（印度的最下阶级）
 - doggery, canaille

Word: sorcery
Front: sorcery
[ˈsɔ:səri] (宝 17405/25153)
Vocabulary: sorcery
(once / 1205 pages)
n
Using spells, believing in evil spirits, and other examples of witchcraft are all part of sorcery. Sorcery is popular with wizards and witches and anyone else with a bubbling caldron.
The Latin sors for "fate" shows up in the word sorcery, which is a way to try to affect fate through unnatural, evil ways. If you've checked out any fantasy books or movies, you've probably seen sorcery in action, which is practiced by witches, warlocks, and members of the occult. Turning an annoying neighbor into a ferret would be an example of sorcery.
WORD FAMILY
sorcery: sorcerer, sorceries, sorcerise, sorcerize, sorcerous+/ sorcerer: sorcerers/sorcerize: sorcerized/sorcerous: sorcerously
USAGE EXAMPLES
The sorcery behind “Harry Potter and the Cursed Child” — the eighth story in the J.K.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 28, 2016)
"It says in the Bible have nothing to do with sorcery and witchcraft," Diane explains.
BBC(Nov 19, 2016)
But in any case, her glamour — in the old, root sense that aligns the word with sorcery and enchantment — is impossible to resist.
New York Times(Nov 17, 2016)
Back: n. 巫术，魔术; 魅力; 魔法; 妖术
分布：巫术(60%)，魔法(40%)
→来自古法语 sorcier,巫师，来自拉丁语 sortiarius,算命者，来自 sors,命运，抽签，抓阄，字面 意思为种类，分类，词源同 sort,分类，类型。-ery,名词后缀，表术。
【记】s，orc魔鬼，ery－魔法
【参】exorcise（v 驱邪；除怪）ex出，orc魔鬼，ise
US ['sɔ:r.sɚ-] noun uncountable
■a type of magic in which spirits (= people who cannot be seen) especially evil ones, are used to make things happen 魔法，妖术
• It seems that some people still believe in sorcery and black magic. 有些人似乎仍然相信魔法和巫术。
n. 魔术，巫术
 - medicine, conjuring

Word: lob
Front: lob
[lɒb] (17549/18988 -1)
Vocabulary: lob
(once / 3780 pages)
vn
When you lob something, you throw it up very high. If you lob a baseball from the outfield to the pitcher, you hurl it in an arc that ends right where the pitcher can catch it.
If you propel an object in an arc, you lob it — a soldier might lob a missile at the enemy, and a protester might lob a rock at a crowd. Tennis players can lob a ball by hitting it up and over the net. Today the noun lob means a throw (or hit) that follows an arc, but in the 14th century a lob was a "lazy lout," and in the 16th century it was "a lumpish thing."
WORD FAMILY
lob: lobbed, lobbing, lobed, lobs+/lobed: bilobed, unlobed
USAGE EXAMPLES
On the next play, Allen lobbed a weak pass toward Grimes, which was intercepted.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Francois lobbed one up perfectly for Murray, and the Seminoles escaped.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Gueye tries to lob Marshall from the halfway line, and puts it 20 yards wide.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 吊高球; 打缓慢的球
vi. 抛高球; 蹒跚地走
n. 高球; <英>笨重的人
时态：lobbed, lobbing, lobs
分布：高球(44%)，蹒跚地走(42%)，笨人(14%)
→词源不详，其原义为大块物体，笨重的，低垂的。高扔，高抛义可能来自lift,loft.
US [lɑ:b] verb transitive (-bb-)
■to kick, hit or throw something, especially a ball in a game, in a high curve （尤指比赛中将球以高弧线）踢，击，投，抛
• Police started lobbing (= throwing) tear gas canisters into the crowd. 员警开始向人群投掷催泪弹。
UK [lɒb] US [lɑ:b] noun countable
■a high, curving hit of a ball 高球；挑高球
• Jones hit a beautiful lob over his opponent's head. 琼斯一记漂亮的挑高球，球从对手的头顶上飞了过去。
vi. 蹒跚地走
 - mouch, shamble

Word: overpowering
Front: overpowering
[ˌəʊvəˈpaʊərɪŋ] (宝 17552/18791 -1)
Back: adj. 压倒性（优势）的; 无法抵抗的; 极强大的; 制止不了的
v. overpower的现在分词; 击败; （感情等）压倒; 使无法忍受
分布：压倒性的(44%)，强烈的(36%)，动词overpower的现在分词形式.(10%)，使人无法忍受的(10%)
→比喻用法。
US [ˌoʊ.vɚ'paʊɚ.ɪŋ] adjective
■too strong 强烈的；逼人的；令人无法忍受的
• Firefighters were driven back by the overpowering heat of the flames. 消防员被火焰的强大热浪逼退。
• There's an overpowering smell of garlic in the kitchen. 厨房里大蒜味令人无法忍受。
• He's suffering from overpowering feelings of guilt. 强烈的负罪感折磨着他。
adj. 压倒性的；无法抵抗的
 - inundatory, preponderant

Word: unexplored
Front: unexplored
[ˌʌnɪkˈsplɔ:d] (托 17548/18905)
Back: adj. 未经勘探的; 尚未考察的; 未想到的; 未考虑过的
分布：未开拓的(67%)，未勘查过的(33%)
US [-'splɔ:rd] adjective
PLACE 地点
■describes a place where people have not been to find out what is there 无人涉足的；未经勘察的
• unexplored territory 未经勘察的地域
UK [ʌn.ɪk'splɔ:d] US [-'splɔ:rd] adjective
PLAN 计划
■describes a plan, idea or subject that has not been examined to find out what it involves （计划、想法或主题）未经研究的
• The subject of alternative medical care for older people has been entirely unexplored. 尚未有人就替代性老年人医疗保健这一问题做彻底研究。

Word: finisher
Front: finisher
[ˈfɪnɪʃə(r)] (17511/22006)
Back: n. 润饰者，完工者; 清整工
分布：运动中最后一击者(100%)
US [-ʃɚ] noun countable usually plural
■a person or animal who finishes an athletic competiton （体育比赛中的）终点到达者

Word: elation
Front: elation
[iˈleɪʃn] (托 17553/15642)
Vocabulary: elation
(once / 3225 pages)
n
If you experience sudden very high spirits, possibly even a feeling of lightness, you are feeling great elation.
Elation is more than mere happiness — it is extreme, exhilarating joy. It has a sense of rising or expanding, even to the point of light-headedness. To help remember it, think of the (unrelated) word inflation, which has a similar sound. When you inflate a tire, you pump it up. When you are filled with elation, you are also, in a sense, "pumped up."
WORD FAMILY
elation: elations+/ elate: elated, elates, elating, elation / elated: elatedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
But it is also a tribute to the architecture, which imparts to a long visit moments of elation and grace.
Slate(Dec 30, 2016)
There is little to elicit either elation or revulsion.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
So I understood the headiness, the elation, surrounding his rise.
The Guardian(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: n. 兴高采烈; 欢欣鼓舞; （病态的）欣快; 欣快症
分布：兴高采烈(68%)，得意洋洋(32%)
得意洋洋(elate+ion)[lat=bring,out,表示"拿出,带出"]
得意(elate高兴)[-ation表名词"行为,过程,结果"]
【反】dejection（n 沮丧）；wretchedness（n 可怜）
noun uncountable
■a state of extreme happiness or excitement 兴高采烈；喜气洋洋；欢欣鼓舞
• There's a sense of elation at having completed a race of such length. 跑完那么长距离的赛程，欢欣之情会油然而生。
n. 兴高采烈，得意洋洋
 - exaltation, rapture

Word: misdeed
Front: misdeed
[ˌmɪsˈdi:d] (雅 17551/23353)
Vocabulary: misdeed
(once / 2854 pages)
n
A misdeed is a type of bad behavior, especially behavior that's immoral. If you get caught stealing someone’s lunch, you’ll be punished for your misdeed.
A deed is an action, and a misdeed is a specific type of action. It’s one that's wicked, unethical, illegal, or just plain wrong. It’s the opposite of a good deed. Cheating on a test is a misdeed. So is cheating on your spouse. Stealing is a misdeed, as is any other crime. Politicians get caught in scandals when their misdeeds are discovered, such as lying or taking bribes. It’s from the Old English misdæd for "sin, evil.”
WORD FAMILY
misdeed: misdeeds+/ deed: deeds, misdeed
USAGE EXAMPLES
But Clinton’s misdeeds were not limited to the email scandal with which many people are familiar.
Washington Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Another common strategy is to set up hotlines, where nosy neighbours can report suspected misdeeds.
Economist(Oct 14, 2016)
Interestingly, in spite of Russia’s misdeeds, Democratic presidential nominee Hillary Clinton is about 2 million votes ahead in the popular vote.
Washington Post(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: n. 违法行为，罪恶
分布：不端行为(53%)，罪行(47%)
→mis-,坏的，错的，不好的，deed,行为。
noun countable formal
■an act that is criminal or bad 违法行为；罪行；不端行为
• She's been making up for her past misdeeds by doing a lot of voluntary work. 她一直在做大量志愿工作来弥补她过去的罪行。
n. 罪行；犯罪
 - crime, guilt

Word: accretion
Front: accretion
[əˈkri:ʃn] (宝 17492/22082)
Vocabulary: accretion
(once / 11140 pages)
n
The process of increasing can be called accretion. Although you may say that stalactites "grow" from the ceilings of caves, they actually form from an accretion of limestone and other minerals.
So what's the difference between an addition and an accretion? Addition implies adding to something that already exists, such as an addition to the cast (when a new actor joins an existing show). The noun accretion, on the other hand, implies an accumulation that causes increase, such as "an accretion of frost on the windows" or "an accretion of plaque on your teeth." The latter, of course, is why the dentist always begs you to floss and brush.
WORD FAMILY
accretion: accretionary, accretions+/accrete: accreted, accretes, accreting, accretion, accretive
USAGE EXAMPLES
The accretion of detail is a windup for a piercing moral observation.
The New Yorker(Dec 14, 2016)
Bogs are generally more open, characterized by an abundance of sphagnum, a superabsorbent moss, and the accretion of peat.
New York Times(Nov 16, 2016)
Many Americans now view “power, talent and wealth” as accretions of systems that confer status in unfair ways.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 06, 2016)
Back: n. 堆积; <植>连生; 添加生长; <天>吸积
分布：增加(43%)，生长(24%)，连生(17%)，添加物(10%)，积累而成的东西(6%)
→前缀ac-同ad-. 词根cre, 生长，见create,生长，创造。指长到一起，堆积。
【反】reduction in substance caused by erosion（由侵蚀引起的物质减少）
[ə'kri:.ʃən] formal
noun countable or uncountable
■gradual increase or growth by the addition of new layers or parts 堆积，积聚；逐渐的增加，增大
• The fund was increased by the accretion of new shareholders. 由于新股东的逐渐加入，资金增加了。
• The room hadn't been cleaned for years and showed several accretions of dirt and dust. 房间多年没有打扫，积了厚厚的灰尘。
n. 添加；增加物；连生；冲积层
 - addition, adjunction

Word: buttery
Front: buttery
[ˈbʌtəri] (17542/33416)
Vocabulary: buttery
(once / 8901 pages)
1adj 2n 3n
Buttery food is full of butter, a rich creamy fat. Buttery also describes anything that reminds you of butter, like warm yellow light or a smooth talker who’s trying to butter you up so she can borrow your car.
Although buttery is often used literally, as in “buttery popcorn,” it can describe anything that’s like butter in another way. If you describe someone's words or manner as buttery, you mean that they act insincerely complimentary or fawning. An old-fashioned meaning of buttery is "storeroom," like a pantry for keeping food or wine. Some British universities have a buttery, which is a snack shack for students.
WORD FAMILY
buttery: butteries+/ butt: butted, butter, butting, butts/ butter: buttered, buttering, butters, buttery, butyraceous
USAGE EXAMPLES
The buttery finish at the back of the palate offers just a hint of buttery aftertaste.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
I stepped inside a dining room lightly scented with cheese and buttery baking and ordered the Meierei Breakfast.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 14, 2016)
“It was warm, buttery and sophisticated, savory and slightly sweet at the same time.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 食品室，酒贮藏室
adj. 像黄油样的，奉承的
分布：黄油状的(38%)，油滑的(37%)，酒类贮藏室(25%)
US ['bʌtˌ.ɚ-] mainly UK
adjective
■containing or spread with a lot of butter, or tasting of butter 涂有奶油的，含有奶油的，味道像奶油的
• buttery potatoes 抹了奶油的马铃薯
UK ['bʌt.ər.i] US ['bʌtˌ.ɚ-] mainly UK
noun countable
■a room where you can buy meals and drinks, especially in a college or university （尤指在大学里的）饮食店
adj. 谄媚的，奉承的；涂用黄油的；像黄油样的
 - obsequious, flattering
n. 食品室；配膳室；酒贮藏室
 - larder, pantry

Word: unwed
Front: unwed
[ʌn'wed] (17435/42942)
Back: adj. 没有结婚的，未婚的
分布：未婚的(100%)
adj. 未婚的；没有结婚的
 - maiden, unmarried

Word: hideaway
Front: hideaway
[ˈhaɪdəweɪ] (17541/24015)
Back: n. 隐避处
分布：退隐处(46%)，潜伏处(29%)，隐匿处(25%)
noun countable informal
■a place where someone goes when they want to relax away from other people 藏身处；退隐处
n. 潜伏处；隐匿处；退隐处
 - concealment, nook

Word: tread
Front: tread
[tred] (六托宝 8263/5533 -2)
Vocabulary: tread
(once / 220 pages)
1vn 2v 3nv 4v
When you tread on the earth, you walk on it. The next time your pal thinks you have it too easy, you might ask him, “Why don’t you tread in my shoes for a day?”
Tread usually implies stepping with force, but it can also simply mean placing your feet, one after the other, on the ground. You might try to tread lightly on the moss in the backyard so you don't damage it. Tread is also a noun that means the mark that a tire leaves on the ground, or the actual grooves on the tire. You might be relieved that the tread marks at the crime scene didn't match your brother's truck after all.
WORD FAMILY
tread: retread, treaded, treading, treads, trod, trodden+/ retread: retreaded, retreading, retreads/trod: untrod/trodden: untrodden
USAGE EXAMPLES
A song that speaks to all the disregarded and down trodden black people in the United States.
Time(Jan 02, 2017)
On the game's final play, with the Warriors down by one point, Durant stumbled when Cleveland's Richard Jefferson trod on his foot.
Reuters(Dec 28, 2016)
The planes struck Palmyra on the same day Suleimani was photographed treading the city’s rubble.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: vi. 踩，踏; 行走; 交尾
vt. 踩成; 踏出; 步行于; 踩（烂）
n. 踏，踩，走; 交尾; （楼梯的）踏板; 轮胎接触地面的部分
时态：trod, trodden, treading, treads
分布：踩(40%)，践踏(21%)，踏面(13%)，行走(12%)，鞋底(6%)，步法(4%)，胎面花纹(4%)
→来自古英语 tredan,踩踏，来自 tred,踩踏，来自 der,走，跑，步行，词源同 trade,tramp. 后用于指轮胎胎面，常见于复合词 retread,翻修，翻新。
【记】读：踹的，用脚踹的－践踏
verb intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep] (trod or US ALSO treaded, trodden or US AND Australian ENGLISH ALSO trod)
 ADVANCED mainly UK
■to put your foot on something or to press something down with your foot 踩；踏
• I kept treading on his toes when we were dancing. 我们俩跳舞时，我老是踩到他的脚趾。
• Yuck! Look what I've just trodden in ! 可恶！看我刚才踩到甚么了！
• A load of food had been trodden into the carpet. 许多食物被踩到地毯里去。
• Before the days of automation, they used to tread grapes to make wine. 在自动化时代到来之前，他们曾用脚踩葡萄酿酒。
■literary
■to walk 午饭后我总喜欢散散步。
• He trod heavily and reluctantly up the stairs. 他拖着沉重的脚步，极不情愿地上了楼。
• I sometimes see him flash past in his sports car as I tread my weary way (= walk in a tired way) to work. 当我迈着疲惫的脚步去上班时，有时会看见他开着跑车从我身边飞驰而过。
tread water
■to float vertically in the water by moving the legs and the arms up and down 踩水
[tred] verb intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep] (trod or US ALSO treaded, trodden or US AND Australian ENGLISH ALSO trod)
be treading water
■to not be advancing in any way 原地踏步；裹足不前
• I think she feels that she's just treading water in that job. 我认为她觉得自己做那份工作不会有任何进步。
[tred] verb intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep] (trod or US ALSO treaded, trodden or US AND Australian ENGLISH ALSO trod)
tread carefully/gently/lightly
■to speak or behave carefully to avoid upsetting or causing offence to anyone 言行谨慎；小心处理
• The government know they have to tread carefully on this issue. 政府知道这件事必须谨慎处理。
[tred] verb intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep] (trod or US ALSO treaded, trodden or US AND Australian ENGLISH ALSO trod)
tread the boards old-fashioned or humorous
■to act in plays 演戏
• It's three years now since you've trodden the boards, Ken - how does it feel to be back? 肯，你已经演戏三年了——现在又不演戏了，感觉如何？
[tred] noun
PATTERN ON TYRE 胎面图案
countable or uncountable
■the pattern of raised lines on a tyre which prevents a vehicle from sliding on the road （车胎的防滑）胎面花纹
• The tread on your tyres is very worn. 你车胎上的花纹都磨损得很厉害了。
[tred] noun
STEP 踩
only singular
■the sound that your feet make on the ground as you walk 脚步声
• Then I heard someone's tread on the stairs. 接着，我听到楼梯上有脚步声。
only singular
■the horizontal part of a step on which you put your foot （楼梯的）梯面，踏步板
n. 踏；胎面；步态；鞋底； [建] 踏板；梯级
 - step, sole
vt. 踏；踩；践踏；跳；踩出
 - trample down, ride down
vi. 踏；踩；行走；交尾
 - step, set foot

Word: black-eyed
Front: black-eyed
[b'læk'aɪd] None
Back: adj. 黑眼珠的，黑眼圈的
分布：黑眼珠的(100%)

Word: shove
Front: shove
[ʃʌv] (研六托宝 4384/6604 -2)
Back: vt. & vi. 推，猛推
vt. 〈口〉乱放，乱塞; 随手扔
n. 推，推开
时态：shoved, shoving, shoves
分布：推(59%)，挤(16%)，推挤(9%)，撞(8%)，乱塞(5%)，乱放(3%)
→来自古英语 scufan,推开，猛推，猛挤，来自 Proto-Germanic*skeub,推，挤，来自 skeubh, 推，挤，词源同 shovel,shuffle.可能相关于 skek,摇动，晃动，词源同 shake,shock.
vt.乱推;乱塞vi.用力推,挤n.猛推He gave me a shove.他推了我一把.
【记】为了show自己的力量而shove；shovel（n 铁锹）是有l（柄）的用来shove的工具
verb
PUSH 推
intransitive or transitive
■to push someone or something forcefully 推，推挤，推撞
• She was jostled and shoved by an angry crowd as she left the court. 她离开法庭时，被愤怒的人群推来搡去。
• Just wait your turn - there's no need to shove. 请按顺序等——没必要挤来挤去。
• Reporters pushed and shoved as they tried to get close to the princess. 记者们推来挤去，想靠近公主身边。
[ʃʌv] verb
PUT 放
transitive + adverb or preposition informal
■to put something somewhere in a hurried or careless way 乱放；随便放；乱丢
• I'll just shove this laundry in the washer before we go out. 我们出去之前，我要把这些待洗的衣服扔到洗衣机里。
• "Where should I put this suitcase?" "Shove it down there for the moment." “我该把这个手提箱放哪里?”“暂时先随便放在那里吧。”
• They can't just shove motorways anywhere they like, you know. 你知道，他们不能随便想在甚么地方建高速公路就在甚么地方建。
[ʃʌv] verb
MOVE BODY 移动身体
intransitive + adverb or preposition informal
■to move your body to make space for someone else 移动身体，挪动身体（以腾出地方）
• Shove over/along , Lena, and make some room for me. 莉娜，请挪一挪，让点地方给我。
• UK Why don't you shove up so that Brian can sit next to you? 你为甚么不挪一下？这样布莱恩就可以坐在你身边了。
[ʃʌv] verb
shove it slang
■a rude expression showing you have no respect for someone or for something that they have said 去他妈的，见鬼去吧
• When I told him he'd have to work harder, he said I could take the job and shove it. 我告诉他工作要再努力些，他叫我自己去做，他不稀罕。
[ʃʌv] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  shove sb around/about
■to push someone forcefully, in an unpleasant and threatening way 将（某人）推来撞去，对（某人）推推撞撞
• The older boys at school are always shoving him around. 学校里年龄大一点的男孩总是对他推推撞撞的。
■informal
■to tell someone what to do, in a rude or threatening way 随意差使；摆布
• Don't let them shove you around. You've got to stand up for your rights. 别任由他们摆布，你应该振作维护自己的权利。
[ʃʌv] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  Shove off! informal
■used to tell someone angrily to go away 走开！
• Just shove off, will you? 走开，好吗？
[ʃʌv] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  shove off
■to leave land in a boat, usually by pushing against the land with your foot or an oar （通常用脚或桨撑岸）推船离开；离岸
• She jumped into the dinghy and shoved off. 她跳进小艇，离岸而去。
[ʃʌv] noun countable
■when you shove someone or something 推，推挤
• Would you help me give the piano a shove? 你能帮我推一下钢琴吗？
thrust, propel, shove, push
这组词都有“推、推动”的意思，其区别是：
thrust: 常指迅猛地一推或突然有力地推进，侧重速度。
propel: 侧重指靠外力把人或物稳定、持续地向前推进。
shove: 一般指猛或费力地推开或移动人或物。
push: 普通用词，指用突然的力量把人或物推向前进、推开或推到另一位置上。
vt. 挤；强使；撞；猛推
 - squeeze, force one's way
n. 推；挤
 - push, jundy

Word: transformer
Front: transformer
[trænsˈfɔ:mə(r)] (四六 17547/13088)
Vocabulary: transformer
(once / 9064 pages)
n
Use the noun transformer when you're talking about a device that conducts electricity and controls the voltage that can travel between one circuit and another.
Electricians are familiar with transformers, since they are commonly used to manage the voltage of electricity that powers houses and some businesses. Sometimes you can see a transformer attached to a utility pole on a residential street. The word transformer was coined in 1883 from the French transformateur, which in turn comes from the Latin transformare, "change the shape or form of." The prefix trans, or "across or beyond," gives a clue to this meaning.
WORD FAMILY
transformer: transformers+/ transform: transformable, transformation, transformed, transformer, transforming, transforms/ transformation: transformations
USAGE EXAMPLES
The newspaper reports the malfunction caused the line that connects the plant’s main output transformers to the substation to reject the load.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
The newspaper reports that the malfunction caused the line that connects the plant’s main output transformers to the substation to reject the load.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
The malfunction caused the 500-kilovolt line that connects the plant’s main output transformers to the substation to reject the load.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 变压器; 促使变化的（或人物），改革者
分布：变压器(100%)
→来自 transform,转变，-er,表物。引申词义变压器。
US [-'fɔ:r.mɚ] specialized
noun countable
■a device which changes the voltage or other characteristic of electrical energy as it moves from one circuit to another 变压器
• You may need a transformer if you want to run a personal stereo off mains electricity. 如果想透过输电干线供电给个人立体音响，你可能需要一个变压器。
n. [电] 变压器；促使变化的人
 - voltage changer

Word: jitters
Front: jitters
[ˈdʒɪtəz] (17558/- -1)
Vocabulary: jitters
(once / 10697 pages)
n
When you're really anxious and jumpy, you can say you have the jitters. Your jitters might make it hard to stand calmly in front of an audience and deliver a speech.
Jitters is an informal but useful noun that captures the fidgety, nervous feeling that everyone gets sometimes. When you have the jitters, you're so nervous you can hardly sit still. This word is one of the relatively few coined in the United States, and it's thought to be influenced by chitter, in dialect "tremble or shiver," from Middle English chittern, "to twitter or chatter."
WORD FAMILY
jitter: jittering, jitters, jittery +/jittering: jitteringly/ jittery: jitterily, jitteriness
USAGE EXAMPLES
“A little pre-match jitters but I thought I did a good job.”
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The security jitters coincided with expressions of sympathy.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
May’s government is clearly aware of the jitters.
Seattle Times(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: n. 神经过敏; 极度紧张; 激动(jitter的复数)
v. 紧张不安; 使激动; 抖动(jitter的三单形式); 神经过敏地说
分布：紧张(88%)，怯场(9%)，名词jitter的复数形式.(3%)
→来自jitter,抖动，剧烈跳动。引申词义紧张不安。
US ['dʒɪtˌ.ɚz] informal
plural noun
■a feeling of nervousness which you experience before something important happens （极度的）紧张不安；恐慌
• I always get the jitters the morning before an exam. 考试当天早上我总是很紧张。
• figurative The collapse of the company has caused jitters in the financial markets. 这家公司的倒闭导致金融市场出现恐慌。
UK ['dʒɪt.əz] US ['dʒɪtˌ.ɚz] informal
plural noun
give sb the jitters
■to make someone nervous or frightened 使（某人）紧张不安；使（某人）恐慌
• Come away from that cliff edge! You're giving me the jitters! 别站在悬崖边上！你把我吓坏了！
n. 神经过敏；激动（jitter的复数）
 - fumes

Word: transom
Front: transom
[ˈtrænsəm] (17684/41918)
Back: n. 气窗; 横窗; 横梁; 结构中横向构件
分布：气窗(89%)，横粱(11%)
→来自中古英语 transeyn,横档，门楣，可能异化自拉丁语 transtrum,横木，柱子，来自 trans-, 横穿，横过，-trum,工具格后缀，相关于-ther,-der,词源同 tether,rudder.
noun countable specialized
■a horizontal bar of stone or wood across a window, or separating the top of a window or door from a small window above （门窗的）横档，横楣
(also transom window) US for * fanlight
n. 横梁，横楣； [建] 气窗
 - groundbeam, cappiece

Word: adjoin
Front: adjoin
[əˈdʒɔɪn] (研六托雅 17562/11337 -1)
Vocabulary: adjoin
(once / 435 pages)
v
Things that adjoin are next to each other or share a boundary. Two adjoining states are neighbors. The United States adjoins Canada.
Just as the word join suggests togetherness, things that adjoin are together in a specific way. They're adjacent, which means they're butting right up against one other. Two adjoining buildings are connected or next-door neighbors. Two adjoining states share a border. If two rooms adjoin, they are connected by a door or they share a wall. When things adjoin, they have a physical connection.
WORD FAMILY
adjoin: adjoined, adjoining, adjoins
USAGE EXAMPLES
The other, in the verdant hills of West Java, will adjoin a theme park.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The parcel adjoins Jacobs Point Park on Anderson Island, which with the acquisition now totals 100 acres of prime forest, wetlands and beach.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The theatre and adjoining house were purchased by the Windhorse Trust to be the new Cambridge Buddhist Centre in 1998.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 邻近，毗连; 接，贴连; 附加，使结合
时态：adjoined, adjoining, adjoins
分布：毗连(53%)，邻接(47%)
→前缀ad-, 去，往。join, 连接，来自词根jug,连接，见conjugal，婚姻的。
贴近;毗连(ad+join参加→参加在一起→贴近)[ad-加在在单词或词根前,表示"做…,加强..."]
毗连,接壤(ad一再+join→一再连上→毗连)[junct,join=join,表示"结合,连接"]
v.临近,靠近;贴近,毗连Canada adjoins the US.加拿大邻接美国.
[ə'dʒɔɪn] formal
verb intransitive or transitive
■to be very near, next to, or touching 紧挨；邻接；贴近；毗连
• The stables adjoin the west wing of the house. 马厩紧挨着房子的西厢。
• It's at this point that these three neighbourhoods adjoin. 这儿正是这三个街区的交界点。
vi. 毗连，邻接
 - abut upon, abut against
vt. 毗连，邻接
 - abut upon, neighbor

Word: pelt
Front: pelt
[pelt] (宝 15181/19481 -1)
Vocabulary: pelt
(once / 1327 pages)
1n 2v
A pelt is an animal's skin, fur and all. If you are wearing a fur coat, you are really wearing a pelt (hate to break it to you).
Another meaning of pelt is to throw something at someone — over and over again. Attacking armies might pelt the enemy with bombs, and there's always some kid in the back of an elementary school classroom who tries to pelt his classmates with spitballs. Either way, there is an attack or bombardment involved. If you dare to wear an animal pelt in front of an animal rights activist, you might just get pelted with a tomato.
WORD FAMILY
pelt: pelted, pelter, pelting, pelts+/pelter: pelters/pelting: peltings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Their car was pelted by at least 125 bullets.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
As he walked past, his friends in the press pool pelted him with mock questions: “Sir! Who are you here to meet with today, sir?”
The New Yorker(Dec 16, 2016)
He tugged at the handle as raindrops pelted his brown hair.
Washington Post(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: vt. （连续地）投掷; 连续攻击; 剥皮
vi. （连续地）投掷; （雨等）急降; 开火; <口>迅猛前进
n. 毛皮; 抨击，打击; 投掷
时态：pelted, pelting, pelts
分布：投掷(35%)，皮毛(33%)，大步走(8%)，疾行(8%)，剥去皮毛(8%)，猛落(8%)
→来自拉丁语pellere,击，打，推，驱打，词源同compel,propel.引申词义猛击，投掷。pelt 动物毛皮
verb
THROW 投掷
transitive
■to throw a number of things quickly at someone or something 连续投掷
• We saw rioters pelting police with bricks and bottles. 我们看见暴动分子向员警投掷砖头和瓶子。
[pelt] verb
RUN 跑
intransitive + adverb or preposition informal
■to run fast 飞跑
• The children pelted down the bank, over the bridge and along the path. 那些孩子冲下河堤，穿过大桥，沿着小路飞奔。
[pelt] verb
pelt (down)
■to rain heavily （雨）倾泻而下；下大雨
• It 's pelting down (with rain). 正下着倾盆大雨。
[pelt] noun
SKIN 皮
countable
■the skin and fur of a dead animal, or the skin with the fur removed （死去动物的）毛皮，皮
[pelt] noun
RUN 跑
at full pelt UK
■running as fast as possible 全速地，开足马力地
vt. 攻击或投掷；剥皮
 - skin, shell
n. [皮革] 毛皮；打击
 - blow, stroke, shock, strike, hit

Word: panicked
Front: panicked
['pænɪk] (17533/42032)
Back: vt. 使恐慌（panic的过去式与过去分词形式）
分布：恐慌(63%)，惊慌(24%)，恐慌的(6%)，感到恐慌(4%)，惊慌的(2%)，使…惊慌(1%)
N-VAR
恐慌；惊慌失措
Panic is a very strong feeling of anxiety or fear, which makes you act without thinking carefully.
例：An earthquake hit the capital, causing panic among the population...首都发生了地震，引发民众恐慌。
例：I phoned the doctor in a panic, crying that I'd lost the baby.我惊慌失措地给医生打电话，哭着说我的孩子没了。
N-UNCOUNT
恐慌局面；人心惶惶的状态
Panic or a panic is a situation in which people are affected by a strong feeling of anxiety.
例：There was a moment of panic in Britain as it became clear just how vulnerable the nation was...一时间，英国出现了大恐慌，因为人们清楚地看到了英国有多么不堪一击。
例：I'm in a panic about getting everything done in time...我一阵手忙脚乱，想及时做完所有事情。
V-ERG
（使）惊慌失措；（使）恐慌
If you panic or if someone panics you, you suddenly feel anxious or afraid, and act quickly and without thinking carefully.
例：Guests panicked and screamed when the bomb exploded...炸弹爆炸后，客人们惊慌失措，尖声惊叫。
例：The unexpected and sudden memory briefly panicked her...突然间莫名涌起的回忆让她心头一紧。

Word: teacup
Front: teacup
[ˈti:kʌp] (17510/21998)
Back: n. 茶杯; 一杯之量
分布：茶杯(100%)
noun countable
■a cup with a handle from which tea is drunk 茶杯

Word: screener
Front: screener
['skri:nə(r)] (17655/-)
Back: n. 筛
分布：筛(100%)
n. 掩护队员； [矿业] [粮食] 分级机，筛选器；筛分工；过滤网
 - grader, grading machine

Word: blemish
Front: blemish
[ˈblemɪʃ] (托宝 17561/18800 -1)
Vocabulary: blemish
(once / 1712 pages)
nv
A blemish is a small flaw. If you borrow your brother's brand new bicycle, you'd better be careful — what might seem like the tiniest blemish to you might be a horribly ruined paint job to him.
The classic example of a blemish is a pimple or other mark on your skin, but you can call any small defect a blemish — like a worm hole in an apple or a scrape on the side of your car. A flaw or fault in your personality or morals can also be called a blemish. You might say that the one time your dog accidentally nipped you is the only blemish on his reputation as a sweet, gentle pet.
WORD FAMILY
blemish: blemished, blemishes, blemishing+/blemished: unblemished
USAGE EXAMPLES
The only real blemish on Stoops’ coaching resume?
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
So looking back on the season, our only blemish is SC.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
But in the glaring spotlight of a crushing 34-31 defeat to the Arizona Cardinals, all the Seahawks’ warts and blemishes re-emerged in vivid detail.
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 瑕疵，缺点; 污点; 不名誉
vt. 有损…的完美; 玷污; 损害; 弄脏
时态：blemished, blemishing, blemishes
分布：瑕疵(29%)，污点(22%)，玷污(17%)，损害(16%)，缺点(16%)
→词源同bleach, 漂白，白斑，或其它斑点。
玷污[blem=stain(弄脏)]
【记】读：布莱（尔）迷失。这个可不是女巫布莱尔，是英国首相布莱尔，如果他丢了，是不是英国皇室的一大耻辱？
noun
countable
■a mark on something that spoils its appearance 疤痕；斑点；瑕疵
• freckles, scars and other minor skin blemishes 雀斑、疤痕及其他皮肤上的小瑕疵
countable or uncountable
■a fault in a person's character （人品性上的）污点，缺点
• Is any politician's record without blemish on this issue? 在这个问题上，有哪个政客没有污点记录？
['blem.ɪʃ] verb transitive
■to spoil something 损坏，破坏
• This latest revelation has seriously blemished the governor's reputation. 最近揭露的这件事严重损害了州长的名誉。
n. 瑕疵；污点；缺点
 - defect, deficiency, vice, fault, disadvantage
vt. 玷污；损害；弄脏
 - hurt, soil, mud, cloud, spot

Word: twofold
Front: twofold
[ˈtu:fəʊld] (17550/18952)
Back: adj. <书>由两部分组成的，有两部分的; 两倍的
adv. 两倍地
分布：两倍的(63%)，双重的(37%)
两倍[-fold表形容词或副词"倍,双重"]
ADJ
双重的;有两部分的
You can use twofold to introduce a topic that has two equally important parts.
例：The case against is twofold: too risky and too expensive.反对理由有两点：太冒险而且太昂贵。
adj. 双重的； [数] 两倍的
 - dual, double
adv. 双重地； [数] 两倍地
 - double, twifold

Word: tough
Front: tough
[tʌf] (高研四六托雅 1012/2160 -K4)
Vocabulary: tough
(once / 169 pages)
1adj 2adjn 3adj
The adjective tough is good for describing hard times. If you just got mugged, lost your job, got the flu, and broke your toe, you're having a really tough week.
Tough means "strong, hard, unbending," and you can use it to describe many different things, like a tough exam, or a tough piece of beef jerky, or a tough day that you just want to be over. If a judge punishes criminals harshly to set examples, she's "tough on crime." We call people toughs if they seem likely to beat you up. Tough things are made to withstand a beating, like the tires on your mountain bike. Pronounce: TUFF.
WORD FAMILY
tough: toughen, tougher, toughest, toughly, toughness, toughs+/toughen: toughened, toughening, toughens/toughened: untoughened
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It’s a tough decision. But for all the right reasons.”
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Scot McCloughan’s toughest job of the offseason involves finding the most effective way to overhaul a defense that’s sorely lacking in talent.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Fleeing the prospect of a tough race, Forbes ran in the neighboring Republican district, anchored by Virginia Beach.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 坚强的，坚韧的，不屈不挠的; 艰苦的，困难的，难办的; 牢固的，强壮的; 粗暴的
n. 粗暴的人; 暴徒，恶棍
vt. <口>忍耐，忍受（常与out连用）
adv. 强硬地，顽强地; 以强硬的态度
级别：tougher, toughest
分布：强硬的(39%)，艰苦的(37%)，严厉的(17%)，以强硬的态度(7%)
→来自古英语 toh,结实的，坚硬的，来自 Proto-Germanic*tanhuz,结实的，坚硬的，来自 denk, 咬，词源同 tongs,tang.拼写受 rough,enough 等影响。引申诸相关词义。词义的多样化演变比 较 hardy.
a.坚韧的,棘手的;强健的,吃苦耐劳的;粗暴的"Rough cough is tough enough," Bough said while touching the torch."剧烈咳嗽是够难以对付的,"大树枝在触摸手电筒时说道.
adjective
STRONG 坚强的
 ESSENTIAL
■strong; not easily broken or made weaker or defeated 结实的；坚固的；坚强的
• These toys are made from tough plastic. 这些玩具是由结实的塑胶制成。
• Children's shoes need to be tough. 童鞋必须结实。
• You have to be tough to be successful in politics. 要在政界取得成功就必须坚强。
• informal Their lawyer is a real tough customer/nut (= person). 他们的律师真是很有主见。
 ESSENTIAL
■strong and determined 强硬的；严厉的
• Tough new safety standards have been introduced for cars. 汽车生产采用了更加严格的新安全标准。
• There have been calls for tougher controls/restrictions on what newspapers are allowed to print. 一直有人呼吁要对报纸允许刊登的内容严加控制／限制。
• After some tough bargaining, we finally agreed on a deal. 经过艰苦的讨价还价，我们最终达成了一笔交易。
• I think it's time the police got tougher on/with (= treated more severely) people who drink and drive. 我觉得警方该对酒后驾车者采取更加严厉的措施。
• The government is continuing to take a tough line on terrorism. 政府继续对恐怖主义采取强硬的态度。
[tʌf] adjective
DIFFICULT 困难的
 ESSENTIAL
■difficult to do or to deal with 困难的；棘手的
• They've had an exceptionally tough life. 他们渡过了一段特别艰苦的日子。
• They will be a tough team to beat. 他们会是一支很难战胜的队伍。
• The company is going through a tough time at the moment. 公司现在正值困难时期。
• We've had to make some very tough decisions. 我们不得不作出一些很难作的决定。
• My boss has given me a tough job/assignment. 我的老板给了我一个棘手的工作／任务。
• Many homeless people are facing a tough winter. 许多无家可归者正面临严冬的考验。
[tʌf] adjective
FOOD 食物
 ESSENTIAL
■describes food that is difficult to cut or eat （食物）老的，不易切开的，嚼不动的
• This steak is very tough. 这块牛排很不好嚼。
• These apples have tough skins. 这些苹果的皮很老。
[tʌf] adjective
VIOLENT 暴力的
 ADVANCED
■likely to be violent or to contain violence; not kind or pleasant 粗鲁的；暴力的；不友善的
• a tough neighbourhood 治安很差的社区
• Many of the country's toughest criminals are held in this prison. 这个国家中许多最凶残的罪犯都关在这座监狱里。
[tʌf] adjective
UNLUCKY 不幸的 informal
■unlucky 不幸的，倒楣的
• "I've been told I've got to work late today because I'm very behind on my work." "Oh, tough luck !"/ UK"Oh, that's a bit tough!" “我被告知今天必须加班，因为我落下了许多工作。”“哦，真倒楣！”
• It's tough on Geoff that he's going to miss the party. 杰弗真倒楣，他要错过这次派对了。
■informal
■sometimes used to show that you have no sympathy for someone's problems or difficulties 活该（表示不同情）
• "I haven't got any money left." "Well, (that's just) tough - you shouldn't have spent it all on cigarettes." “我的钱都花光了。”“哼，活该——你不该把钱都拿来买烟。”
[tʌf] adjective
It's tough at the top. humorous saying
■used to mean that people in important positions have a lot of advantages and get a lot of good things 处在高位可不简单
• "The managing director always flies first class." "It's tough at the top, isn't it?" “总经理乘飞机总是坐头等舱。”“职位高待遇就是不一样，对吧？”
[tʌf] adjective
(as) tough as old boots
■very strong, and not easily made weaker 十分强壮；非常坚强
• He might be in his eighties but he's tough as old boots, that man. 那个男人可能已经有80多岁了，可他身体依然硬朗。
(US also (as) tough as shoe leather) informal
■describes food that is very difficult to cut or eat （食物）非常老，很难切，嚼不动
[tʌf] adjective
tough luck (offensive tough shit) informal
■said to show that you have no sympathy for someone's problems or difficulties 活该（表示不同情）
• "They lost a lot of money on their investment." "Tough luck - they should have been more careful." “他们的投资损失惨重。”“活该——谁叫他们不小心呢。”
[tʌf] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] tough sth out informal
■to deal with a difficult period or situation without becoming any less certain or determined in your plans or opinions 度过（难关），从（困境）中挺过来
• It's a difficult situation, but if we can just tough it out, things are bound to get better soon. 处境的确很艰难，但如果我们能挺过去，情况很快就会好转的。
[tʌf] noun countable (also toughie) mainly US or old-fashioned informal
■a violent person 粗暴的人；暴徒
• Bands of armed toughs roamed the city. 几群持有武器的暴徒在这座城市游荡。
wholesome, fit, robust, strong, sound, tough, healthy, sturdy, vigorous, well
这组词都有“健康的，强健的”的意思，其区别是：
wholesome: 多指能给人留下身体健康、思想健全或品德良好等印象。
fit: 既可指健壮又可指健全无病。
robust: 强调身体强健。
strong: 既指体格健壮，又指体力或精神上的力量。
sound: 侧重身体各部分或器官没有病，无任何缺陷，即健康。
tough: 着重指人的体格健壮。
healthy: 指身体无病，也可指身心健全、正常的。
sturdy: 侧重于结实的体格。
vigorous: 指人强健有力，精力充沛。
well: 仅指没有疾病，但不一定很健康。
adj. 艰苦的，困难的；坚强的，不屈不挠的；坚韧的，牢固的；强壮的，结实的
 - difficult, strong, hard, rough, firm
n. 恶棍
 - varlet, Highbinder
vt. 坚持；忍受，忍耐
 - stay, stomach, go, abide, resist
adv. 强硬地，顽强地
 - doggedly, pertinaciously

Word: indentation
Front: indentation
[ˌɪndenˈteɪʃn] (17397/20990)
Vocabulary: indentation
(once / 7074 pages)
1n 2n
An indentation is a notch, cut, or dent in something. If you take a hammer to a piece of metal, you will make a series of indentations.
The dent in indentation shares a root with your dentist, and an indentation is basically like a tooth mark. Except some "teeth" are larger than others — a meteorite leaves a huge indentation in the ground, just as a sharp pencil could make a tiny indentation in your finger. You can talk about conceptual indentation, too. Loving the novel Anna Karenina might make an indentation in your general aversion to reading. It’s that’s good.
WORD FAMILY
indentation: indentations+/ indent: indentation, indented, indenting, indents, indenture / indenture: indentured, indentures, indenturing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The trenches mechanically displaced tons of desert sandstone across a natural indentation in the mesa.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 14, 2016)
“There was a big indentation on that Bible. I don’t know if it was shrapnel or a bullet or what. I never did find out.”
Washington Times(Nov 12, 2016)
Gently press one side of each slice with the back of a floured fork, to leave an indentation, and place on a floured baking tray.
The Guardian(Nov 12, 2016)
Back: n. 凹进; 缩格; 凹口; 缺口
分布：缩进(77%)，刻痕(13%)，印压(10%)
→in-,进入，使，-dent,齿，咬合，词源同dental,tooth.引申词义缺口，凹痕。
【记】indent（n 凹痕；契约vi 切割成锯齿状＝notch）dent牙
【参】dentist（n 牙科医生）
noun
HOLE 洞
countable
■a hole or mark on the surface of something （物体表面的）洞或记号
• The heels of her shoes had left indentations in the mud. 她的鞋跟踩在泥地上，留下了坑坑洼洼。
[ˌɪn.den'teɪ.ʃən] noun
SPACE 空间
countable or uncountable
■a space left at the edge of a line of writing, or the process of leaving such a space （书写时的）缩排，行首空格；使用行首空格
n. 压痕， [物] 刻痕；凹陷；缩排；呈锯齿状
 - impression, score, pit

Word: blurred
Front: blurred
[blɜ:d] (17559/19161)
Back: v. （使）变模糊( blur的过去式和过去分词 ); （使）难以区分; 模模糊糊; 迷离
分布：模糊的(84%)，记不清的(10%)，难辨的(3%)，动词blur的过去式和过去分词.(3%)
US [blɝ:d] adjective (blurry UK ['blɜ:.ri] US ['blɝ:.i/)
■difficult to see 模糊的；弄不清的；分不清的
• The photograph was very blurred. 这张照片很模糊。
• The picture on the TV went all blurry. 电视画面变模糊了。
■difficult to understand or separate clearly 模糊的；弄不清的；分不清的
• Do you agree that male and female roles are becoming blurred? 你是否同意男人和女人的角色差别正变得越来越模糊？
■unable to see clearly 看不清楚的
• My eyes were blurred with tears. 我已泪眼朦胧了。
adj. 模糊不清的；被弄污的
 - ambiguous
v. 玷污；使…模糊不清；使感觉迟钝（blur的过去式和过去分词）
 - stained

Word: spreading
Front: spreading
['spredɪŋ] (10789/11474)
Back: v. 撒布; 伸开( spread的现在分词 ); 展开; （使）传播; （使）散布
分布：动词spread的现在分词.(50%)，撒布(50%)
VERB
摊开;铺开
If you spread something somewhere, you open it out or arrange it over a place or surface, so that all of it can be seen or used easily.
例：She spread a towel on the sand and lay on it...她在沙滩上铺了一条毛巾，躺在上面。
例：His coat was spread over the bed.他的外套摊在床上。
VERB
伸出，张开,叉开(手臂、双手、手指、双腿等)
If you spread your arms, hands, fingers, or legs, you stretch them out until they are far apart.
例：Sitting on the floor, spread your legs as far as they will go without overstretching...坐在地板上，在不要拉伤的前提下将双腿尽量分开。
例：He stepped back and spread his hands wide. 'You are most welcome to our home.'他往后退了一步，伸开双手。“非常欢迎你到我们家来。”
VERB
涂;抹;敷
If you spread a substance on a surface or spread the surface with the substance, you put a thin layer of the substance over the surface.
例：Spread the mixture in the cake tin and bake for 30 minutes...将混合物抹在蛋糕烤盘里，烘烤 30 分钟。
例：A thick layer of wax was spread over the surface...表面涂上了厚厚的一层蜡。
N-MASS
涂抹在面包上的酱
Spread is a soft food which is put on bread.
例：...a wholemeal salad roll with low fat spread.涂有低脂酱的全麦色拉面包卷
V-ERG
(使)传播;(使)散布;(使)扩散
If something spreads or is spread by people, it gradually reaches or affects a larger and larger area or more and more people.
例：The industrial revolution which started a couple of hundred years ago in Europe is now spreading across the world.两百多年前始于欧洲的工业革命目前正在向全世界传播。
例：...the sense of fear spreading in residential neighborhoods...在住宅小区中蔓延的恐惧感
V-ERG
(使)扩散;(使)散开;(使)蔓延
If something such as a liquid, gas, or smoke spreads or is spread, it moves outwards in all directions so that it covers a larger area.
例：Fire spread rapidly after a chemical truck exploded...一辆装有化学品的卡车爆炸后，火势迅速蔓延。
例：A dark red stain was spreading across his shirt...一块深红色的污渍正在他的衬衫上渗开。
VERB
将…分散(在一段时间内);分期做
If you spread something over a period of time, it takes place regularly or continuously over that period, rather than happening at one time.
例：There seems to be little difference whether you eat all your calorie allowance in one go, or spread it over the day...不管你是一次性摄入全天的卡路里限量，还是在一天内分次摄入，结果好像没有多大差别。
例：The course is spread over a five week period.这门课将持续 5 周时间。
VERB
分摊;均摊
If you spread something such as wealth or work, you distribute it evenly or equally.
例：...policies that spread the state's wealth more evenly...更加平均地分配国家财富的政策
例：The loss of jobs has been far more evenly spread across the regions than it was during the early 1980s.失业数字在各地区之间的分布要比 20 世纪 80 年代初均衡多了。
N-SING
(想法、兴趣等的)广泛，多样
A spread of ideas, interests, or other things is a wide variety of them.
例：A topic-based approach can be hard to assess in primary schools with a typical spread of ability...因为学生的能力通常差异很大，基于话题的教学方法在小学里评估起来可能很难。
例：We have an enormous spread of industries, mainly in the Home Counties and East Anglia.我们拥有种类繁多的工业，主要位于伦敦周围各郡和东英吉利地区。
N-COUNT
(尤指为某一特殊场合准备的)丰盛饭菜，盛宴
A spread is a large meal, especially one that has been prepared for a special occasion.
N-COUNT
(书籍、杂志、报纸中)横贯两版的篇幅
A spread is two pages of a book, magazine, or newspaper that are opposite each other when you open it at a particular place.
例：There was a double-page spread of a dinner for 46 people.有一张横贯两版的、由 46 人参加的宴席的照片。
N-SING
(股票的)价差
Spread is used to refer to the difference between the price that a seller wants someone to pay for a particular stock or share and the price that the buyer is willing to pay.
例：Market makers earn their livings from the spread between buying and selling prices.做市商靠赚取买卖价差生存。
v. 传播（spread的ing形式）；摊开
 - disseminating, diffusing

Word: quark
Front: quark
[kwɑ:k] (17708/28993 -1)
Vocabulary: quark
(once / 39663 pages)
1n 2n
A quark is an elementary particle with an electric charge. When quarks combine, they form another type of particle called a "hadron." If you want to learn more, take up particle physics.
Quarks are held together by what physicists call "the strong force" or "the strong nuclear force." The most stable of these quark combinations, or hadrons, are protons and neutrons — the basic building blocks of atoms. In the 1960s, a physicist named Murray Gell-Mann named these particles from a favorite made-up word in James Joyce's book "Finnegan's Wake," quark. Gell-Mann's partner reportedly preferred the word ace.
WORD FAMILY
quark: antiquark, quarks
USAGE EXAMPLES
In 1908, none of the following terms had even been invented: big bang, black hole, antimatter, quark, laser, neutron star, or quantum mechanics.
Science Magazine(Oct 26, 2016)
With its bona fides established, the Eightfold Way led to quarks, gluons and ultimately the Standard Model, a chart with its own holes to fill.
New York Times(Oct 17, 2016)
The theory suggests that fundamental particles called quarks have a hidden axial symmetry.
Nature(Sep 27, 2016)
Back: n. 夸克（构成原子的最小粒子）
分布：名词(100%)
→夸克是一种基本粒子，为构成物质的基本单元。两个上夸克和一个下夸克组成一个质子，两个下夸克和一个上夸克组成一个中子。quark原为一种喜欢上上下下蹦跳的海鸟，为拟声构词，模仿这种海鸟的叫声。发现该物理粒子的美国科学家Murray Gell-Mann希望为其取一个朗朗上口的名字，避免落入俗套（科学界流行从希腊和拉丁语中找词来命名科学术语）。后来在一本小说的打油诗中找到一名”Three quarks for Muster Mark”,向麦克老人三呼夸克。这个词听起来既有穿透力，又较好的契合了这种物质的基本属性，因此以此命名。
US [kwɑ:rk] specialized
noun countable
■in physics, one of the most basic forms of matter that make up the heavier elementary particles 夸克
• Atoms are made up of smaller particles - protons, neutrons and electrons - some of which are made up of even smaller ones, called quarks. 原子是由更小的粒子——质子、中子和电子所组成的，其中有些粒子是由更小称为夸克的粒子所构成的。

Word: illuminating
Front: illuminating
[ɪˈlu:mɪneɪtɪŋ] (17570/15627)
Vocabulary: illuminating
(once / 1932 pages)
adj
Something that's illuminating makes you better informed, more aware, or more inspired. An illuminating documentary film gives you all kinds of new information about its subject.
Describe things as illuminating when they clarify the situation or explain the facts. A long conversation with someone you don't know well can be illuminating, helping you understand her much better. Likewise, studying the details of any subject, whether it's dog training or art history, is also illuminating. The verb illuminate means "light up," and it comes from the Latin word illuminare, "to throw into light or make bright," which is also figuratively used to mean "illustrate."
WORD FAMILY
illuminating: illuminatingly, unilluminating+/ illuminate: illuminated, illuminates, illuminating, illumination /illuminated: unilluminated/ illumination: illuminations
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Illuminating ‘Moonlight’” includes that film, Mr. Jenkins’s earlier work, and movies that influenced him.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
A fragmentary, aphoristic examination of night in all its illuminating darkness from a Lebanese-American poet who is also an admired visual artist.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
One aptly titled episode was told almost entirely from Clark’s perspective, offering an illuminating — and necessary — portrait.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 富于启发的
v. 使明亮( illuminate的现在分词 ); 照亮; 装饰; 说明
分布：照亮的(35%)，启蒙的(28%)，照明的(28%)，动词illuminate的现在分词形式.(9%)
→来自illuminate,照明。引申词义启迪。
【参】luminant（adj 发亮的；光亮的）
US [-tˌɪŋ] formal
adjective
■giving you new information about a subject or making it easier to understand 富有启发性的
• The book is full of illuminating detail on the causes of the war. 这本书中有关战争起因的细节很丰富，对读者很有启发性。
• a most illuminating discussion 予人极大启迪的讨论
adj. 照亮的，照明的；启蒙的，有启发性的
 - lit, floodlit
v. 照明，阐释（illuminate的现在分词形式）
 - lighting

Word: ancient
Front: ancient
[ˈeɪnʃənt] (中高研四六雅 1817/1841 -K3)
Vocabulary: ancient
(once / 55 pages)
adjn
Ancient means very old. Sometimes there's a sense of "older than old." My grandmother, bless her soul, lived until she was positively ancient.
Ancient art is that made in places and times we refer to as Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome and Ancient Egypt, and "an ancient" is someone who lived either during those eras, or in a Biblical context, before the flood that brought us the story of Noah and the Ark.
WORD FAMILY
ancient: anciently, ancientness, ancients+/ancientness: ancientnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
The story, first read in its entirety by Sherlock, is based on an ancient Mesopotamian fable that appears in the Babylonian Talmud.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Vultures, in the ancient world of Honduras, were a symbol of death and the transition to the spiritual world.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
“I’m sure this immense knowledge of past and ancient history did inform his political judgment.”
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 古代的，已往的; 古老的，过时的; 年老的; 老式的
n. 古代人; 古文明国的国民; <古>高龄老人; <古>旗手
分布：古老的(55%)，古代的(33%)，古人(12%)
→来自词根ante, 在前面的，古老的。
古代的(anci+ent)[anci,antiq=old,表示"古老"]
a.古代的,古老的,古式的The efficient ancient scientist had conscience in science.那个能干的古代科学家在科学上有良知.
adjective
 IMPROVER
■of or from a long time ago, having lasted for a very long time 古代的；古老的；年代久远的
• ancient civilizations/rights/laws 古代文明／自古有之的权利／古代法律
• ancient monuments/ruins/woodlands 古碑／古代遗迹／古老的林地
• the ancient kingdoms of Mexico 墨西哥的古代王国
• People have lived in this valley since ancient times. 人们自古就居住在这个山谷里。
• History, ancient and modern , has taught these people an intense distrust of their neighbours. 古今历史向这些人灌输了对其邻国极度不信任的思想。
 ADVANCED informal
■very old 古老的
• He's got an ancient computer. 他有一台老掉牙的电脑。
 ADVANCED
■describes the period in European history from the earliest known societies to the end of the Roman Empire （指欧洲历史上罗马帝国灭亡以前的）古代的
• the ancient Egyptians/Greeks/Romans 古埃及人／希腊人／罗马人
• The ancient Britons inhabited these parts of England before the Roman invasion. 在古罗马人入侵之前，古英国人居住在英格兰的这些地区。
ancient, old, antique
这些形容词均含“古代的，古老的”之意。
ancient: 指很久以前发生或存在的事物。用于描述历史时，指远古时代。
old: 指长期以来一直存在着的事物，与times连用指古代，与days连用时指从前或旧社会。
antique: 指已经很古老或颇有古风的事物，一般都具有较高价值。
adj. 古代的；古老的，过时的；年老的
 - old, aged, advanced
n. 古代人；老人
 - elder, old folk

Word: implode
Front: implode
[ɪmˈpləʊd] (宝 17574/37122)
Vocabulary: implode
(once / 9850 pages)
v
When something implodes, it explodes inward — instead of outward. With extremely large buildings, it helps to implode them rather than explode them, because by falling inward they take up less space.
Why bother to have a word like implode when you already have explode? Well, imagine there is something deep beneath the sea, being subjected to the intense pressure there. If the pressure is high enough that the object bursts, it would collapse in rather than out. It would, in fact, implode. People also sometimes use implode to describe a person subjected to intense pressures who, emotionally at least, bursts inward: "All that stress just made Jess implode."
WORD FAMILY
implode: imploded, implodes, imploding, implosion +/ implosion: implosions
USAGE EXAMPLES
The current stadium, which will be imploded, was the site of two Super Bowls and served as a venue for the 1996 Olympics.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
“They only last for a few years — because they implode,” Mr. Daniels said, with delight, of girl groups.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
In 1998 I sat across from a South Korean executive in need of hard dollars as the Korean won imploded in the nasty currency crisis.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. （使）向心聚爆
时态：imploded, imploding, implodes
分布：内爆(89%)，向内聚爆(11%)
→im-,在里，在内，-plod,爆炸，词源同explode,explosive.
内聚爆炸,猛然内缩(im内+plode→向内爆炸)[pold=bignoise,表示"大声音"]
【记】im进入，plode爆炸－在里面爆炸－内爆
【参】implosion（n 内爆）
【反】rapid outward movement（快速的向外运动）
US [-'ploʊd] verb intransitive specialized
■to fall towards the inside with force 向内坍塌；内爆
• The vacuum inside the tube caused it to implode when the external air pressure was increased. 随着外部气压的增加，管内真空使管中发生内爆。
Compare explode to fail suddenly and completely and be unable to operate 崩溃；垮塌
• Their economy is in danger of imploding. 他们的经济有崩溃的危险。

Word: yelp
Front: yelp
[jelp] (托 16317/23585)
Vocabulary: yelp
(once / 1814 pages)
nv
A yelp is a loud cry of pain, like what you’d hear after you step on a dog’s tail by accident. It was an accident, right?
The root of yelp is the Old English word gielp, which means “boast.” Clearly the meaning has changed over time, since yelping is nothing to boast about, as it usually involves pain of some kind. The word works as a noun and a verb, so you could say “I can hear a dog yelping,” or “The dog’s yelps kept me up all night.” You could also pet your dog a lot, which will help with the yelps.
WORD FAMILY
yelp: yelped, yelping, yelps+/yelping: yelpings
USAGE EXAMPLES
It also prompted a spike in both positive and negative reviews on the restaurant’s Yelp page.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
“Sometimes you get lucky with your 11 hours of Yelp research, but we’re trying to streamline that process,” Ms. Lambert said.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
“Keep on wiping me,” he sang, then yelped, “in private!”
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. （因痛苦、气愤、兴奋等的）短而尖的叫声
vi. 发出短而尖的叫声
时态：yelped, yelping, yelps
分布：叫喊(63%)，吠(25%)，叫喊声(12%)
→来自ghel,叫喊，呼喊，拟声词，词源同nightingale,yell.
verb intransitive
■to make a sudden, short, high sound, usually when in pain （因疼痛而）尖叫
• I accidentally trod on the dog's foot and it yelped. 我不小心踩到狗的脚，结果它尖叫起来。
vi. 叫喊；狗吠
 - bawl out
vt. （因痛而）叫喊，叫喊着说
 - cry, bawl out
n. 尖叫，大叫；吠声
 - outcry, screeching

Word: wrangling
Front: wrangling
[ˈræŋgəlɪŋ] (17568/19431)
Back: v. 争吵，争论，口角( wrangle的现在分词 )
分布：争吵(49%)，争论(36%)，吵架(15%)
V-RECIP
(长时间)吵架，争吵，争论
If you say that someone is wrangling with someone over a question or issue, you mean that they have been arguing angrily for quite a long time about it.
例：The two sides have spent most of their time wrangling over procedural problems...双方大部分时间都在围绕程序问题争论不休。
例：A group of MPs is still wrangling with the government over the timing of elections.一群下院议员仍在与政府就选举的时间安排争吵个不停。
v. 争吵（wrangle的ing形式）；争辩
 - arguing, disputing

Word: goo
Front: goo
[gu:] (17545/26791)
Vocabulary: goo
(once / 5544 pages)
n
Any kind of drippy, yucky, gunky stuff can be called goo. Some people love tapioca pudding, while others feel that it's nothing but lumpy goo.
The filling in a donut is one kind of goo — custard or jelly that oozes out when you take a bite. An unidentified blob of slime on the sidewalk or the glistening trail left behind by a slug, are other, much less appealing kinds of goo. Goo was coined in the US, but its origins beyond that are unclear. Many experts think gooey came first, possibly shortened from the now-obsolete burgoo, or "porridge."
WORD FAMILY
goo: gooey, goos+/ gooey: gooier, gooiest
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is exactly what its name suggests: a weird-looking, single-celled blob of goo.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Plug me into one of those pink goo baths from The Matrix.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
If you leave the gas in the tank, it often coagulates into something that resembles primordial goo.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 黏性物，感伤; 臭味
分布：感伤(100%)
→拟声词，模仿黏稠液体流的声音。
[gu:] informal
noun uncountable
■an unpleasantly sticky substance （令人生厌的）黏性物质

Word: dike
Front: dike
[daɪk] (17546/39065)
Vocabulary: dike
(once / 3026 pages)
1nv 2n
A dike is a structure made of earth or stone that's used to hold back water. If you visit the Netherlands, you can see their elaborate system of dikes, without which much of the country would be underwater.
The verb dike means to enclose with a structure, like a wall or embankment, intended to hold back water. The Netherlands diked an inland sea, used pumping and other water control measures, and was able to reclaim flooded areas. The Dutch have used dikes to prevent flooding since the 12th century, and the word itself has the same roots as the Dutch word dijk.
WORD FAMILY
dike: diked, dikes, diking
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Great Garuda development that was supposed to take flight from that dike could be grounded even longer.
The Guardian(Nov 22, 2016)
Emmanuel Dike entered the plea during a court hearing Wednesday where the judge also rejected a defense request to reduce his $1 million bail.
Washington Times(Nov 02, 2016)
“We can build bigger and bigger dikes, but the net changes are driven by ocean dynamics, and it’s on a one-way track right now.”
National Geographic(Oct 28, 2016)
Back: n. 堤; 排水沟; 障碍物; 女同性恋者
时态：diked, diking, dikes
分布：堤坝(56%)，开沟排水(26%)，女同性恋者(6%)，构筑防护(6%)，排水沟(6%)
noun countable another spelling of
■ dyke
n. 堤防，堤坝；障碍物；（英）壕沟
 - barrier, block, bottleneck

Word: jihadist
Front: jihadist
None (17679/-)
Back: n. 伊斯兰圣战士
分布：伊斯兰圣战士(100%)

Word: Hungarian
Front: Hungarian
[hʌŋ'ɡeərɪən] (10134/6248)
Back: n. 匈牙利人；匈牙利语
adj. 匈牙利的；匈牙利语的
分布：匈牙利的(39%)，匈牙利语(21%)，匈牙利人(21%)，匈牙利语的(12%)，匈牙利人的(7%)
US [-'ger.i-] adjective
■from, belonging to or relating to Hungary 来自匈牙利的；匈牙利的
• Hungarian goulash 匈牙利红烩肉
UK [hʌŋ'geə.ri.ən] US [-'ger.i-] noun
countable
■a person from Hungary 匈牙利人
uncountable
■the language of Hungary 匈牙利语
UK [hʌŋ'geə.ri.ən] US [-'ger.i-] noun countable adjective
■Hungarian 匈牙利人／匈牙利的

Word: sieve
Front: sieve
[sɪv] (托雅 17578/15525 -1)
Vocabulary: sieve
(once / 1723 pages)
nv
A sieve is a mesh strainer used to separate lumps and clumps from the fine material. Sieves are handy for everything from sifting flour to prospecting for gold — anything where you need to separate the big from the small.
If you’re an archaeologist, you've probably used various sorts of sifters and shakers to sieve through the soil to recover even the tiniest artifacts. If your interests run more to building sandcastles, you’ve probably got a sieve in your beach bag, along with the shovels and pails. If you keep forgetting things, you can describe your "mind as a sieve," since it doesn’t seem to hold much.
WORD FAMILY
sieve: sieved, sieves, sieving
USAGE EXAMPLES
But against the Magic, the Knicks were again a sieve.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Or a guy with personalized license plates on his SUV that read “SIEVE.”
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Strain it back into the pan through a sieve and continue stirring until thickened.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. [粮食][矿]筛子; 滤网; 不能保守秘密的人，嘴不严的人
v. 筛，筛选; 滤
时态：sieved, sieving, sieves
分布：筛(76%)，筛子(11%)，滤(11%)，说话轻率不能保密的人(1%)，粗篮(1%)
→来自古英语 sife,筛子，来自 Proto-Germanic*sib,筛，来自 seib,流出，滴出，词源同 sift,seep.
【记】源于古代一种有seven个眼的金属漏勺，演化成sieve
【参】sift（v 筛选；仔细检查）；sifter（n 负责筛选的人；筛子）
noun countable
■a tool consisting of a wood, plastic or metal frame with a wire or plastic net fixed to it. You use it either to separate solids from a liquid, or you rub larger solids through it to make them smaller 筛；滤器
• Pass the sauce through a sieve to remove any lumps. 用筛子滤去酱汁中的残渣。
[sɪv] noun countable
memory/mind like a sieve
■If you have a memory or mind like a sieve, you forget things very easily. 容易忘事，健忘
[sɪv] verb transitive
■to put a liquid or powder through a sieve 过滤；筛
• To make the pastry, sieve the flour and salt into a mixing bowl. 要制作油酥面皮，应把面粉和盐筛到一个和面碗里。
n. [粮食] [矿业] 筛子；滤网；不能保守秘密的人
 - boult, sifter
vt. [粮食] [数] 筛；滤
 - screen, ree
vi. [粮食] [数] 筛；滤
 - sift

Word: zigzag
Front: zigzag
[ˈzɪgzæg] (研托宝 17582/22469)
Vocabulary: zigzag
(once / 1927 pages)
nadjvadv
The word zigzag describes the shape of a line. A line drawn in a zigzag shape makes a lot of short, sharp turns. The letter Z is a zigzag itself, and a thunderbolt is also often represented as a zigzag.
The first turn a zigzag line makes is called a zig, and the second is called the zag. Zigzag can also be a verb. If you're describing how you got lost in the desert, you might say, "I meant to go straight, but then I zigged, and then I zagged." Serpentine describes a line that curves, but the curves are rounded (like a serpent), not short and sharp like a zigzag.
WORD FAMILY
zigzag: zigzagged, zigzagging, zigzaging, zigzags
USAGE EXAMPLES
Pierre Garcon caught a screen pass and zigzagged through a host of Giants for 21 yards.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Eventually, he zigzagged his way back to Paradise, guided by his memory alone.
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
When Mattis retired from the Marines in 2013, he spent two weeks zigzagging across the country visiting the parents of Marines killed under his command.
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: adj. （指线条、小径等）锯齿形的，之字形的， Z字形的
n. 锯齿形的线条、小径等
vi. 弯弯曲曲地走路，曲折地前进
时态：zigzagged, zigzagging, zigzags
分布：曲折(34%)，之字形(22%)，曲折的(12%)，曲折地(10%)，锯齿形的(8%)，曲折前行(6%)，成锯齿形地(4%)，使曲折(4%)
n./a.之字形(的)v.使曲折,曲折盘旋The path climbed zigzag [ran zigzag] up the slope.这条小路曲折蜿蜒而上斜坡.
【记】Z，ig，Z，ag：很多Z－Z字型
noun countable
LINE 线条
■a line or pattern which looks like a Z or a row of Zs joined together 锯齿形线条；之字形
• a zigzag path/road/coastline 蜿蜒的小路／道路／海岸线
• a fabric with a zigzag pattern 带有锯齿形图案的布料
• The children ran in zigzags around the playground until they were exhausted. 孩子们在操场上左拐右拐地跑来跑去，直到筋疲力尽为止。
['zɪg.zæg] noun countable
CHANGE 改变
■when actions, plans or ideas change suddenly and completely, and then change back again equally suddenly 形容行动、计划或想法突然变来变去
• The Washington Post complained of 'two weeks of policy zigzags'. 《华盛顿邮报》指责这两周的政策“朝令夕改”。
• The country seems to have been following a zigzag course between democracy and dictatorship. 这个国家似乎已经走上了一条在民主和独裁制度间迂回往返的道路。
['zɪg.zæg] verb intransitive (-gg-)
FORM SHAPE 形状 (also zig and zag)
■to make a movement or shape like a zigzag 呈之字形移动，曲折行进
• The road zigzags along a rocky coastline. 道路沿着岩石嶙峋的海岸蜿蜒延伸。
['zɪg.zæg] verb intransitive (-gg-)
CHANGE 改变
■to change suddenly and completely, and then change back again equally suddenly 突然且彻底地变化，随后又突然变回原样
• The market zigzagged during the day but finished higher in the afternoon. 交易市场在白天一直都起起落落，但下午还是以高位收盘。
adj. 曲折的；锯齿形的；之字形的
 - flexural, labyrinthic
vi. 曲折行进；作之字形行进
 - corkscrew
n. 之字形；Z字形
 - zz
adv. 曲折地；之字形地；Z字形地
 - circuitously

Word: extraneous
Front: extraneous
[ɪkˈstreɪniəs] (托宝 17572/21230)
Vocabulary: extraneous
(once / 4623 pages)
adj
Extraneous means coming from the outside, like the extraneous noise you hear when you're in a theater and a train passes by. Extraneous can also mean not relevant or essential, like all the extraneous information in your long-winded science report.
In Latin, extra means outside, as in extraordinary "outside the ordinary," or extraterrestrial 'coming from outside earth.' (Bonus points––ding! ding!––if you knew that terra is Latin for "earth.") The meaning of extraneous also extends to more abstract things that come from the outside: extraneous details are ones that don't matter.
WORD FAMILY
extraneous: extraneously, extraneousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
“There is less time for either extraneous or relevant events to occur.”
Nature(Nov 29, 2016)
That design implementation literally baffles and minimizes extraneous sound in a room to keep the mic capturing audio from its focused voice or instrument.
Washington Times(Nov 23, 2016)
Stained-glass windows are closed to silence extraneous street noise — birdsong, bustling traffic on nearby Route 65, groundskeepers mowing grass.
Washington Times(Nov 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 外部的; 外来的; 无关的; 不相干的
分布：无关的(69%)，外来的(31%)
外来的(extra+aneous...的→从外面来的)[extra-表示"以外的,超过的"]
不相关的(extr+aneous表形容词→出去的→不相关的)[extr(e),exter=out表示"出去"]
外来的(extra外的)[-aneous表形容词"…有;...特征的"]
【记】extra（adj 额外的adv 特别地；非常n 号外；临时演员）
【反】relevant（adj 有关的；相关的）；apposite（adj 适当的）；intrinsic（adj 内在的；本质的）；essential（adj 本质的）；intuitive（adj 直觉的；天生的）
adjective
■not directly connected with or related to something 无直接关系的；无关的
• extraneous information 无关讯息
• These questions are extraneous to the issue being discussed. 这些问题和正在讨论的议题无关。
adj. 外来的；没有关联的；来自体外的
 - outside, exotic

Word: incriminating
Front: incriminating
[ɪnˈkrɪməˌneɪtɪŋ] (17579/22612)
Vocabulary: incriminating
(once / 8621 pages)
adj
Something incriminating makes it clear that you're guilty. Incriminating evidence is often enough for police to arrest a suspect.
An open cookie jar and crumbs all over your brother's shirt are incriminating enough for your grandma to scold him for sneaking cookies, and a detective will probably consider the fact that a suspect is wearing a watch belonging to a robbery victim to be incriminating evidence. In both cases, the evidence suggests guilt. Incriminating comes from the Latin incriminare, "to incriminate," from in-, "in," and criminare, "to accuse of a crime."
WORD FAMILY
incriminate: incriminated, incriminates, incriminating, incrimination, incriminatory+/ crime: crimes, criminal, criminate, incriminate / criminal: criminalise, criminalism, criminality, criminalize, criminally, criminalness, criminals, criminative/criminalise: criminalisation, decriminalise/criminality: criminalities/criminalize: criminalization, criminalized, criminalizes, criminalizing, decriminalize/criminate: criminated, criminates, criminating, criminatory, recriminate/decriminalise: decriminalisation/decriminalize: decriminalization, decriminalized, decriminalizing/incrimination: incriminations, self-incrimination/recriminate: recriminated, recriminates, recriminating, recrimination, recriminative, recriminatory/ recrimination: recriminations
USAGE EXAMPLES
DeBoer says her testimony incriminating Lincoln at his trial was rehearsed.
Seattle Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Emails can leave a potentially incriminating “paper trail.”
Washington Post(Nov 02, 2016)
Proving wrongdoing will be difficult, though, because that could require evidence like incriminating email or other correspondence.
New York Times(Nov 04, 2016)
Back: v. 使（某人）显得有罪，牵连，归罪于( incriminate的现在分词 )
分布：控告(46%)，牵连(40%)，使负罪(14%)
VERB
暗示…有罪;牵连;连累
If something incriminates you, it suggests that you are responsible for something bad, especially a crime.
例：He claimed that the drugs had been planted to incriminate him...他声称毒品是别人为了陷害他而故意放在那里的。
例：They are afraid of incriminating themselves and say no more than is necessary.他们害怕受牵连,一句话也不肯多说。

Word: daze
Front: daze
[deɪz] (托宝 16871/21479)
Vocabulary: daze
(once / 767 pages)
nv
A daze is a type of confusion, when you have a lack of clarity. When you first wake up, you might be in a bit of a daze, shuffling about the house before your brain really starts working.
Daze can also mean the feeling of distress and disbelief that you have when something bad happens to you accidentally: "After getting hit in the head by a football, you were in such a daze you couldn't remember where you were." As a verb, daze means to stun. You will definitely daze your father when you tell him that you eloped.
WORD FAMILY
daze: dazed, dazes, dazing+/dazed: dazedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
For a moment, the rowdy Alabamians filling the Georgia Dome sat in dazed quiet.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Dazed church officials wondered around in their black robes.
Reuters(Dec 12, 2016)
Surveillance camera footage showed Zhang, looking dazed near train tracks, and then struck by the train.
Seattle Times(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: vt. 使（某人）迷乱而不能做出正确反应，使茫然; 使（某人）惊奇与迷惑
时态：dazed, dazing, dazes
分布：恍惚(68%)，晕眩(14%)，使 ... 茫然(9%)，使 ... 眩目(9%)
→可能同dizzy.
noun
in a daze
■unable to think clearly 使茫茫然，使发呆，使晕头转向
• She was wandering around in a daze this morning. 今天早上她神情恍惚地四处游荡。
vt. 使茫然；使眼花缭乱；使晕眩
 - bedaze, bemuse
n. 迷乱，眼花缭乱
 - bewilderment

Word: indecision
Front: indecision
[ˌɪndɪˈsɪʒn] (17586/14734 -1)
Vocabulary: indecision
(once / 2446 pages)
n
If you're torn between going to your best friend's birthday party and racing go-carts with your sister, you're experiencing indecision, or difficulty making up your mind.
Whenever there are at least two great choices, you're sure to feel at least a little indecision. Too many options at the grocery story can cause indecision, as can choosing a college major or picking just one friend to take with you to Disney World. Any time you waver or hesitate between possibilities, it's evidence of your indecision.
WORD FAMILY
indecision: indecisions+/ decide: decided, decides, deciding, decision, decisive / decided: decidedly, undecided/ decision: decisions, indecision / decisive: decisively, decisiveness, indecisive / indecisive: indecisively, indecisiveness/undecided: undecidedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
To avoid indecision I must eat well, sleep well, plan well and try to live in the now.
New York Times(Aug 17, 2011)
The western powers made the same mistake with their appeasement politics, indecision and indulgence.
The Guardian(Dec 01, 2016)
"As a clinician that's all I ever wanted - that there wasn't a grey area where there's indecision and difficulty for families."
BBC(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 优柔寡断; 犹豫不决
分布：优柔寡断(54%)，犹豫不决(38%)，无决断力(8%)
[ˌɪn.dɪ'sɪʒ.ən] (also indecisiveness)
noun uncountable
■the state of being unable to make a choice 优柔寡断，无决断力
• A moment's indecision when you've got the ball and you could lose the game. 你得球时的一刻犹豫就可能使你输掉比赛。
• There is a great deal of indecision about/over how to tackle the problem. 在如何处理这个问题上迟迟不能决断。
n. 优柔寡断；犹豫不决
 - irresolution, yea and nay

Word: multimillionaire
Front: multimillionaire
[ˌmʌltimɪljəˈneə(r)] (17567/- -1)
Back: n. 大富豪，巨富
分布：千万富翁(75%)，大富豪(25%)
US [-tˌiˌmɪl.jə'ner] noun countable
■a person who has money and property worth several million pounds or dollars 拥有数百万家财的富翁，大富豪
n. 千万富翁；大富豪；拥有数百万家财的富豪
 - millionnaire, Croesus

Word: providing
Front: providing
[prəˈvaɪdɪŋ] (17587/11103 -1)
Back: conj. 如果; 假如; 在…条件下; 倘若
v. 提供，供给，供应( provide的现在分词); 规定; 提供[(+for)]; 装备
分布：假如(89%)，动词provide的现在分词.(11%)
CONJ-SUBORD
如果；假如；只要
If you say that something will happen providing or providing that something else happens, you mean that the first thing will happen only if the second thing also happens.
例：I do believe in people being able to do what they want to do, providing they're not hurting someone else...我真的认为人们只要不伤害别人，自己想做什么就可以做什么。
例：Providing they do not panic, I believe that their chances of survival will be beyond 95 per cent.如果他们不慌乱，我相信他们生还的概率将在95%以上。
conj. 假如，以…为条件
 - if, supposing
v. 供给（provide的ing形式）；预备
 - furnishing

Word: unionized
Front: unionized
['ju:njənaɪzd] (17569/37419)
Back: adj. 未电离的，未离子化的
v. （使）加入工会，（使）成立工会( unionize的过去式和过去分词 )
分布：组织成工会的(60%)，加入到工会组织的(40%)
ADJ
已加入工会的；已组织工会的；工会化的
Unionized workers belong to trade unions. If a company or place is unionized, most of the workers there belong to trade unions.
例：The contract would give unionized workers a 12 percent pay raise over three years...合同将给加入工会的工人今后3年12%的加薪。
例：The company is unionized.这个公司成立了工会。

Word: resuscitate
Front: resuscitate
[rɪˈsʌsɪteɪt] (宝 17589/20755 -1)
Vocabulary: resuscitate
(once / 3438 pages)
v
To resuscitate is to revive a person who has lost consciousness. In recent years it's become important for people to learn CPR so that they might resuscitate someone who loses consciousness, and many schools and hospitals offer classes in CPR.
The Latin word suscitāre, "to raise," combines with re-, "again," to create the base of the verb resuscitate. Through the years, methods of resuscitation have advanced to the current sophisticated and effective levels of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, or CPR, and defibrillation paddles that can shock a heart back to life. In fact, some patients nowadays ask to sign a "do not resuscitate" (DNR) order to allow them to die without medical interventions like resuscitation.
WORD FAMILY
resuscitate: resuscitated, resuscitates, resuscitating, resuscitation, resuscitator+/ resuscitation: resuscitations/resuscitator: resuscitators
USAGE EXAMPLES
A statement says corrections officers attempted to resuscitate the inmate, including using CPR.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
"Despite efforts to resuscitate him, he was pronounced dead at the scene," a spokesman for Sussex Police said.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
Of all of his campaign promises, President-elect Donald Trump’s vow to resuscitate the struggling U.S. coal industry may prove the most difficult to keep.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: v. 使复苏; 使复兴
时态：resuscitated, resuscitating, resuscitates
分布：恢复(59%)，复兴(14%)，使复活(14%)，使复兴(9%)，使苏醒(4%)
→re-,再，sus-,向上，-cit,呼唤，召唤，词源同 cite,recite.引申词义苏醒。
复活;恢复[cit=quote,call,表示"引用,唤起"]
【记】re再，sus下面，cit引起，ate－再次从下面引起来－复活re反复，su苏（醒），scit，ate吃：反复吃后苏醒－复活
【反】extinct（adj 熄灭的；灭绝的）－resuscitated（adj 复活的）；resuscitation（n 复活）－enervation（n 削弱）
verb transitive
■to bring someone or something back to life or wake them 使苏醒；使恢复知觉；使复活
• Her heart had stopped, but the doctors successfully resuscitated her. 她的心跳都已经停了，但医生们还是成功地把她从鬼门关拉了回来。
vt. 使复苏；使复兴
 - reinvigorate
vi. 恢复；复兴
 - restore, recover from

Word: mushy
Front: mushy
[ˈmʌʃi] (17585/23462)
Vocabulary: mushy
(once / 15552 pages)
adj
You might use the adjective mushy to describe an overripe banana or a tear-jerker of a commercial. Either way, it describes something soft.
Mushy is a good word for talking about something that's doughy or pulpy, whether it's a hunk of modeling clay or your out-of-shape belly. Another way to use mushy is to mean sticky and sentimental, like a mushy love scene in a terrible movie or a mushy greeting card. Either way, the word comes from mush, or porridge, which originated from mash, or "soft mixture."
WORD FAMILY
mushy: mushier, mushiest, mushily, mushiness+/ mush: mushed, musher, mushes, mushing, mushy / musher: mushers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The surface looked mushy late in the game, but that’s normal.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Love was not a mushy or easily dismissed emotion, but was central to the kind of community he envisioned.
Salon(Nov 20, 2016)
Hovering above the stage is a blue figure - nicknamed Mushy by the crew - a virtual version of Ariel, Shakespeare's shape-changing sprite.
BBC(Nov 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 糊状的; 感情脆弱的，感伤的
adv. 感伤地
n. 糊状物; 脆弱的感情，感伤
分布：感伤的(43%)，糊状的(36%)，含糊不清的(21%)
→来自mush,糊。
adjective
SOFT 软的
■soft and having no firm shape 烂糊的；软的
• Cook the lentils until they are mushy. 把扁豆煮到烂糊为止。
• disapproving The meat was mushy and tasteless. 这肉稀烂无味。
['mʌʃ.i] adjective
EMOTIONAL 多愁善感的 informal disapproving
■too emotional 多愁善感的，感伤多情的
• I hate those mushy love stories. 我不喜欢那些卿卿我我的爱情故事。
adj. 糊状的；感伤的，多愁善感的
 - melting, sentimental

Word: preamble
Front: preamble
[priˈæmbl] (宝 17581/14190)
Vocabulary: preamble
(once / 2990 pages)
nv
A preamble is a brief introduction to a speech, like the Preamble to the Constitution that starts out "We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union...do ordain and establish this Constitution."
Preamble comes from the Latin praeambulus which means "walking before." And that's what a preamble does — it "walks" before a speech, often explaining what's coming. It's like the White Rabbit introducing the Queen of Hearts in Alice in Wonderland. Since it goes before a speech, think of it as a pre-ramble. A preamble is usually used for formal documents; you wouldn't include one in a text to your best friend.
WORD FAMILY
preamble: preambled, preambles, preambling
USAGE EXAMPLES
The sessions begin with a preamble about the truly huge and amazing things Trump does.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
The tree features mirrored ornaments and garland with the preamble to the U.S.
Washington Times(Nov 29, 2016)
There was no time to write a preamble for this game because Arsenal v Bournemouth is ongoing.
The Guardian(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: n. 序; 绪言; （法令、文件等的）序文; 前言
分布：前言(54%)，序文(26%)，前文(20%)
→pre-,在前，早于，amble,走。引申词义前言。
前言,绪言(pre+amble跑→跑在前面→前言)[pre-表示"…前的,预先"]
【记】pre前，amble跑－跑在前面的语言－前言
/pri'æm-] noun
countable specialized
■an introduction to a speech or piece of writing 序论；导言；开场白
uncountable
■talk or activity not connected with the most important matter 开场白；（做事的）前奏
n. 序文；电报报头；先兆
 - proem

Word: sandbag
Front: sandbag
[ˈsændbæg] (17565/20704)
Back: n. 沙袋
vt. 堆沙袋，用沙袋打
时态：sandbagged, sandbagging, sandbags
分布：沙袋(80%)，掩盖真相(5%)，抵御(5%)，猛烈抨击(5%)，堆沙袋(5%)
noun countable
■a bag filled with sand which is used as a defence against floods, explosions, etc. （用于抵御洪水、爆炸等的）沙袋
['sænd.bæg] verb transitive (-gg-)
■to put sandbags in or around something 堆沙袋，堆沙包
• They sandbagged the doors to stop the water coming in. 他们在门前堆起沙袋以防进水。
n. 沙袋
 - earthbags

Word: introspective
Front: introspective
[ˌɪntrəˈspektɪv] (托宝 17592/19980)
Vocabulary: introspective
(once / 7420 pages)
adj
Someone who is introspective spends considerable time examining his own thoughts and feelings. If you take to your diary after an unhappy break-up, you are being introspective.
The Latin word introspicere means to look inside, and that's what an introspective person does, metaphorically speaking. It's different from meditative and pensive in that they can refer to contemplating anything, whereas introspection involves specifically contemplating yourself.
WORD FAMILY
introspective: introspectively, introspectiveness+/introspect: introspected, introspecting, introspection, introspective, introspects/ introspection: introspections
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Redemption” is an introspective, dense and imaginative record that challenges at every turn. Listen.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
His introspective “Dark Sacred Night” is a compilation of Christmas music he’s recorded over the past 14 years.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
The last decade has seen a lot of rap move towards a darker and introspective sound.
The Guardian(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 反省的; 内省的
分布：内省的(55%)，反省的(45%)
adjective
■examining and considering your own ideas, thoughts and feelings, instead of talking to other people about them 自省的，反省的
• She is famous for her introspective songs about failed relationships. 她因其反省失败恋情的歌曲闻名。
adj. 内省的；反省的
 - idiotropic

Word: custom-made
Front: custom-made
[ˌkʌstəmˈmeɪd] None
Back: adj. 定做的，订制的
分布：定做的(75%)，订制的(25%)
adjective
■If an article of clothing is custom-made, it is specially made for a particular buyer （衣服）订做的，订制的
• custom-made shoes 订做的鞋子

Word: Sandinista
Front: Sandinista
[,sa:ndi'ni:sta:] (15533/17954)
Back: n. 桑地诺的支持者
分布：桑地诺(100%)

Word: hardcover
Front: hardcover
[ˈhɑ:dkʌvə(r)] (17534/-)
Vocabulary: hardcover
(once / 24936 pages)
adjn
A hardcover book has stiff, rigid covers on its pages, rather than flexible ones. You might prefer hardcover books at home, but tend to pack paperback copies when you travel, since they weigh less.
Hardcover books are the ones that tend to be published first, with firm, sturdy covers protecting the pages. You can also call this type of book a hardback. Paperbacks, commonly published after the hardcover has been out for several months, are floppy, lighter, and cost less to buy. Most library books have a special cover that's called "library binding," but it tends to be rigid like a hardcover.
WORD FAMILY
hardcover: hardcovers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Except there was a twist: This jaywalker was immersed in a hardcover book.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
At the Mandarin Oriental Bangkok last summer, I was grateful for the small pile of hardcovers about the city that were in my room.
New York Times(Dec 05, 2016)
At Target, Ms. Mulder found a set of hardcover Harry Potter books.
New York Times(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: n. 精装书
adj. 精装书的，精装的
分布：精装本(31%)，硬皮的(27%)，精装的(18%)，硬皮书(18%)，=hardback.(6%)
US ['hɑ:rdˌkʌv.ɚ] noun countable or uncountable US for hardback
• The novel was published in hardcover. 这部小说是以精装本的形式出版的。
adj. 精装的；硬书皮的
 - casebound, clothbound
n. 精装书； [图情] 硬封面的书
 - hard back

Word: wrought
Front: wrought
[rɔ:t] (托雅宝 17584/18494)
Vocabulary: wrought
(once / 252 pages)
adj
Wrought is an adjective that means "molded," "shaped," or "manufactured." A wrought-iron fence has been shaped to fit a particular ornamental style.
Wrought is most often used to describe the shaping, altering, molding, and manufacture of various metals, like iron, steel, aluminum. However, the word is actually related to wreak, which means "to cause damage." So we'll sometimes refer to the destruction wrought by a storm or some mad scientist like Dr. Frankenstein might lament the monster he has wrought with his hands.
WORD FAMILY
wrought: inwrought, overwrought, wroughtest
USAGE EXAMPLES
The burglar bars on the windows are wrought to resemble the Star of David.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
We’ve now become so used to these sounds that it’s easy to lose sight of the sheer strangeness they wrought upon arrival.
Slate(Dec 16, 2016)
Baird’s exquisitely wrought and meticulously researched biography brushes the dusty myth off this extraordinary monarch.
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: adj. 制造的; 加工的; 经装饰的; （金属）锤打成形的
vt. 使发生了，造成了（尤指变化）
v. （使）工作( work的过去式和过去分词 ); （使）运作; 运转; （使）产生效果
分布：制成的(32%)，装饰的(23%)，精心制作的(15%)，锤炼的(15%)，激动的(15%)
→来自work的古体过去分词形式，已完成的，造成，铸成。
US [rɑ:t] adjective formal
■made or done in a careful or decorative way 精炼的；精制的（精雕细琢的）
• The new album contains some carefully- wrought new songs and a number of familiar hits. 这张新专辑包含了一些精心制作的新歌和一些为人熟知的老歌。
• Her poems are well- wrought and intensely personal. 她的诗经过细心琢磨，极具个性。
UK [rɔ:t] US [rɑ:t] verb
■to cause something to happen 使发生
• Mr Simmonds has wrought (= caused) considerable changes in the company. 西蒙兹先生已使这家公司发生了巨大的变化。
adj. 锻造的；加工的；精细的
 - detailed, subtle
v. 工作（work的过去分词）
 - labored

Word: reinvigorate
Front: reinvigorate
[ˌri:ɪnˈvɪgəreɪt] (17593/34242)
Vocabulary: reinvigorate
(once / 12364 pages)
v
To reinvigorate is to give someone or something new strength and energy. If you're feeling sleepy, you might need a nap or a walk around the block to reinvigorate you.
Reinvigorate adds the "again" prefix re- to invigorate, "give energy to." At the heart of both is vigor, "strength and health," which comes from the Latin vigere, "be lively, flourish, or thrive." So if a hot cup of tea or a long talk on the phone with your best friend reinvigorates you, that means it makes you feel strong and lively.
WORD FAMILY
reinvigorate: reinvigorated, reinvigorates, reinvigorating+/ invigorate: invigorated, invigorates, invigorating, invigoration, invigorator, reinvigorate / invigorating: invigoratingly/invigoration: invigorations/invigorator: invigorators
USAGE EXAMPLES
But as the year progressed, the price of oil began to stabilize, reinvigorating the entire sector.
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
I don’t agree with everything in it, but it left me both unsettled and strangely reinvigorated.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Unexpectedly, his arrest on charges of public indecency in 1998 and his subsequent outing reinvigorated him.
BBC(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: vt. 使再振作，使复兴
时态：reinvigorated, reinvigorating, reinvigorates
分布：使再振作(75%)，使复生(25%)
→re-,再，重新，invigorate,使有活力。
vt. 使再振作；使复兴
 - revive

Word: sixth-grade

Word: anemic
Front: anemic
[ə'ni:mɪk] (宝 17595/-)
Vocabulary: anemic
(once / 7453 pages)
adj
Sometimes you can tell just from looking at someone's pale face and lips that they're anemic. If you're anemic, your body has a shortage of healthy red blood cells.
Often when someone's diagnosed as being anemic, they're counseled to eat more foods that contain iron, which can help rebuild the red blood cells in their body. Besides looking pale, an anemic person is often tired and weak. Another, non-medical, meaning of anemic is simply "lacking in vitality or energy." Both meanings come originally from the Greek anaimia, "lack of blood." The British spelling of anemic is anaemic.
WORD FAMILY
anemic: anemia, anemically+/ anemia: anemias
USAGE EXAMPLES
Pitch 2 was an anemic office prank: a woman surprised by a screen saver of a camel.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
An owner’s mind-set governed by a sense of insurgency and a front-line obsession is what’s needed to turn America’s anemic recovery into a turbocharged one.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 18, 2016)
The key policy interest rate is negative but corporate investment in factories and equipment remains anemic.
Seattle Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 贫血的; 患贫血症的; 没有活力的; 无精打采的
分布：贫血的(63%)，患贫血症的(29%)，无活力的(8%)
adj. 患贫血症的，贫血的
 - anaemic

Word: amiss
Front: amiss
[əˈmɪs] (宝 17594/9100)
Vocabulary: amiss
(once / 1179 pages)
advadj
When things are out of their proper places or not happening the way they should, we say they are amiss. And remember, amiss is as good as a mile.
The word amiss can be used as an adverb, as in the sentence, "I spoke amiss." Or you could use it as an adjective, as when you think something is wrong or missing — "Something in the room is amiss." Either way, amiss refers to something that is wrong, off the mark, or "missed" (note the connection). Once in a while, the word amiss can imply that something fishy or foul has taken place. In Hamlet, when Marcellus said, "Something is rotten in the state of Denmark," he might as well have said, "Something in Denmark is amiss."
WORD FAMILY
amiss
USAGE EXAMPLES
Still, a faint siren stirs inside of Couch Slouch that something is amiss when student-athletes renege on their part of the covenant.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Michael McKenna, a former Energy Department official in George W. Bush’s administration who initially led Mr. Trump’s Energy Department transition, saw nothing amiss.
New York Times(Dec 09, 2016)
This was Mr. Glenn’s first real clue that something was amiss.
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: adj. 出了差错的; 有毛病的; 有缺陷的; （用于否定句）不恰当的
adv. 不恰当地; 不顺当地; 错误地; （可能因误会）对…生气
分布：有毛病的(30%)，出差错的(20%)，有缺点的(10%)，有毛病地(10%)，不合适地(10%)，出差错地(10%)，不合适的(10%)
adjective [after verb]
■wrong; not suitable or not as expected 不对的；不合适的；不正常的
• I could see by the look on their faces that something was amiss. 我从他们的神情上看出，有些事情出了差错。
not go amiss informal
■If something might/would not go amiss, it would be useful and might help to improve a situation 并非无用；并非没益处
• A word of apology might not go amiss. 道个歉或许并无坏处。
• A sense of proportion would not go amiss in all of this. 在这种情况下有点分寸应该还是有好处的。
take sth amiss
■to be offended by something that someone has said to you 因…而见怪；对某人的话不高兴
• I was worried that he might take my remark amiss. 我担心他也许会对我的话见怪。
adj. 有毛病的，有缺陷的；出差错的
 - deficient, disabled
adv. 错误地
 - wrong, in error, incorrectly, mistakenly, falsely

Word: bandanna
Front: bandanna
[bænˈdænə] (托 17577/-)
Vocabulary: bandanna
(once / 11879 pages)
n
A bandanna is a square piece of cloth that can be used as a handkerchief or tied around your neck. When kids dress up as cowboys for Halloween, they often wear a bandanna.
Most bandannas are brightly colored, with a printed paisley pattern, and they're commonly tied around the head or neck, rolled up or folded in half with one corner pointing down. You can use a bandanna as a headband, a handkerchief, a sweatband, or a napkin — but they're most often just worn as an accessory. The word bandanna, or bandana, comes from the Hindi bandhnu, a tie-dye style of dying fabric.
WORD FAMILY
bandanna: bandannas
USAGE EXAMPLES
Authorities found the gun wrapped inside a bandanna in the suspect’s vehicle.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
From the nickname to the bandanna to the size, strength and intensity, Orlando Jr. is a copy of his father.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Another photographer, beefy and wearing a black bandanna, was on his way to shoot an assignment when he noticed Mendes.
The New Yorker(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 印花大手帕
分布：印度班丹纳花绸巾(60%)，=bandana.(40%)
(also bandana) [bæn'dæn.ə] noun countable
■a brightly coloured piece of cloth that is worn around the neck or head （色彩鲜艳的）大围巾，大头巾

Word: unwavering
Front: unwavering
[ʌnˈweɪvərɪŋ] (17598/21355)
Vocabulary: unwavering
(once / 4594 pages)
adj
When something is unwavering, it is firm or unshakable. If you're a good hockey goalie, then you'll show an unwavering determination to keep the puck out of your goal.
Just as it sounds, the word unwavering refers to something that will not waver, wander, or go astray. Unwavering most often refers to mental determination, like an unwavering desire to marry the love of your life or an unwavering intent to become a doctor even though you faint at the sight of blood. Unwavering can also refer to something that remains steady, like the unwavering sound of a trumpet horn or the unwavering energy of a very enthusiastic rock band.
WORD FAMILY
unwavering: unwaveringly+/ microwave: microwaved, microwaves, microwaving/ wave: microwave, waved, wavelet, wavelike, waver, waves, waving, wavy/wavelet: wavelets/ waver: wavered, waverer, wavering, wavers/waverer: waverers/wavering: unwavering, waveringly, waverings/waving: wavings/wavy: wavier, wavily, waviness
USAGE EXAMPLES
That means changing your wife’s family or staying home — i.e., the unwavering “no!” — isn’t your only recourse.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
What she did not understand then, but now sees clearly, was that pernicious forces were in control — an undiagnosed mental illness and an unwavering addiction.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Now they are agonizing over how to get that unwavering commitment back.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 不动摇的，坚定的
分布：坚定的(55%)，不动摇的(36%)，不犹豫的(9%)
ADJ
坚定不移的；毫不动摇的；不屈不挠的
If you describe a feeling or attitude as unwavering, you mean that it is strong and firm and does not weaken.
例：She has been encouraged by the unwavering support of her family...家人的坚决支持让她深受鼓舞。
例：...his unwavering commitment to public education...他对公共教育的始终如一的奉献精神
adj. 坚定的；不动摇的
 - committed, firm, confirmed, stable, decisive

Word: deplorable
Front: deplorable
[dɪˈplɔ:rəbl] (17599/18417 -1)
Vocabulary: deplorable
(once / 1249 pages)
adj
Deplorable is an adjective used to describe something extremely bad or unfortunate, like the deplorable destruction and loss of life in Japan after the earthquake and tsunami.
Deplorable comes from the French word déplorer meaning "to give up as hopeless," meaning something is so bad, there is no hope of improvement like the deplorable actions of the arsonist who burned down the museum filled with priceless antiques. Deplorable can also describe something that is of terrible quality or unhealthful, like the deplorable state of the area under your bed — is that a moldy sandwich under there?
WORD FAMILY
deplorable: deplorablest, deplorably+/ deplore: deplorable, deplored, deplores, deploring
USAGE EXAMPLES
The past year was a hell of a lot better than the deplorable national debate portrayed it to be.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Freeman calls the player’s behavior recounted in that investigation deplorable.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Israel’s representative office in Taipei condemned the event, calling it “deplorable and shocking.”
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 糟透的，可叹的，可悲的; 应受谴责的; 破旧的
分布：悲惨的(36%)，凄惨的(24%)，糟糕的(16%)，应受谴责的(16%)，破旧的(8%)
悲惨的(deplore+able)[plor=cry,weep,表示"喊,哭"]
US [-'plɔ:r.ə-] formal
adjective
■very bad 非常糟糕的，极其恶劣的
• I thought his behaviour absolutely deplorable. 我认为他的行为极其恶劣。
• They are forced to live in deplorable conditions. 他们被迫在极其恶劣的条件下生活。
adj. 可叹的；凄惨的
 - sad, regretable

Word: broadside
Front: broadside
[ˈbrɔ:dsaɪd] (17461/20230)
Back: n. <船>（吃水线以上的）舷侧; （书面或口头的）猛烈抨击; 全部舷侧炮; 宽阔面
adv. 侧对着; 侧向地; 漫无目标地; 胡乱地
vt. <美>撞上（车）的一侧
时态：broadside, broadsiding, broadsides
分布：用整个侧面撞击或碰撞(34%)，侧面(33%)，猛烈的抨击(33%)
US ['brɑ:d-] noun countable
■a strong written or spoken attack (on someone) （对某人的）猛烈抨击
• The opposition fired/launched yet another broadside at the prime minister. 反对党对首相发动了又一次猛烈抨击。
specialized
■the firing of all the guns on one side of a navy ship at the same time 舷炮齐射
n. 舷侧；较宽的一面
 - shipboard
adv. 侧面地；胡乱地
 - random, wild

Word: critique
Front: critique
[krɪˈti:k] (托宝 4982/5890 -1)
Vocabulary: critique
(once / 2515 pages)
vn
As a verb, critique means to review or examine something critically. As a noun, a critique is that review or examination, like an art essay or a book report.
The French version of this word is spelled the same (meaning "the art of criticism") and came from the Greek kritike tekhne ("the critical art"). This shouldn't come as a great surprise, since it was the Greeks who gave us such masters of the critique as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. Today, through book reports, argument papers, and critical essays, we carry on the tradition of the critique, which is one of the most important skills we'll ever learn in school.
WORD FAMILY
critique: critiqued, critiques, critiquing
USAGE EXAMPLES
While at Southern Command, Kelly invited critiques from human rights groups.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Both used their fame to critique fame—a repressive system that kept their real selves from the world.
Time(Dec 28, 2016)
“Criticism and critique are very much a part of our business,” Tomlin told reporters on Tuesday.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 评论文章，评论; 批评，批判
vt. 发表评论; 批判
时态：critiqued, critiquing, critiques
分布：批评(70%)，评论(29%)，批评法(1%)
→来自krei, 区分，筛选，判断，词源同crime, crisis. 即进行区分，判断，进行评论。
noun countable
■a report of something such as a political situation or system, or a person's work or ideas, which examines it and provides an often negative judgment 评论文章，评论（常指否定的评论）
• a Marxist critique of neo-liberal policy 以马克思主义观点评论新自由政策的文章
n. 批评；评论文章
 - comment, animadversion
vt. 批判；评论
 - observe on, to comment on

Word: baguette
Front: baguette
[bæˈget] (17543/35647)
Vocabulary: baguette
(once / 51389 pages)
n
A baguette is a long, thin loaf of French bread. Your mom might ask you to buy a baguette at the bakery on your way home for dinner.
Baguettes are distinctive because of their shape, and if they're baked well, they have a crisp crust and a soft interior. In the 1700s, the word baguette referred only to rod-like architectural details, though by the mid-20th century, it also meant "bread." In French, baguette means "wand, rod, or baton," and it appears in "magic wand," or baguette magique, as well as "chopsticks," baguettes chinoises.
WORD FAMILY
baguette: baguettes
USAGE EXAMPLES
To serve, generously smear insides of baguette quarters with seasoned mayonnaise.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 15, 2016)
The pancakes are served with lettuce, sliced tomatoes, pickles and often fresh baguette.
Washington Post(Dec 12, 2016)
The smell of incense in the small chapel mixes with an aroma of fresh-baked baguettes in the kitchen.
Washington Times(Nov 13, 2016)
Back: n. 法国长面包
分布：法式长棍面包(75%)，长方形的宝石(25%)
→来自拉丁词 bacilum, 杆，棍, 同bachelor. 形容该面包形如小棍子。
[bæg'et/ (UK also French stick)
noun countable
■a long thin white stick of bread, of a type which originally came from France 法式长条面包
• a ham and cheese baguette 法式火腿起司长条面包

Word: redness
Front: redness
[rednəs] (17538/22268)
Back: n. 红，红色
分布：发红(70%)，红色(30%)
N-UNCOUNT
红；红色
Redness is the quality of being red.
例：Slowly the redness left Sophie's face.索菲的脸渐渐地不那么红了。
n. 红；红色
 - red, clred

Word: denizen
Front: denizen
[ˈdenɪzn] (宝 17602/20114)
Vocabulary: denizen
(once / 2836 pages)
n
A denizen is an inhabitant or frequenter of a particular place: a citizen of a country, a resident in a neighborhood, a maven of a museum, a regular at a bar, or, even, a plant that is naturalized in a region.
The noun denizen comes from words that mean “from” and “within” and is related to “citizen.” Denizen can be used when talking about any person or group of people that have a specific relationship with a place. It was historically used to refer to foreigners who were either naturalized or becoming citizens but now it is used much more generally, as in: "The denizens of my aunt’s neighborhood all have contracts with the same gardener."
WORD FAMILY
denizen: denizens
USAGE EXAMPLES
Soon, Macintosh’s fabric became a staple in the wardrobe of every denizen of a soggy environment.
Time(Dec 29, 2016)
Dr. Gridlock: Our immigrants are our neighbors, our fellow denizens, our friends — and our fellow drivers.
Washington Post(Dec 24, 2016)
And so is the question of how the Lut's denizens stay hydrated.
Science Magazine(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 居民，住户
分布：居住者(33%)，外籍居民(31%)，使归化(9%)，使入籍(9%)，老主顾(9%)，外来动植物(9%)
→来自拉丁语deintus, de-, 从，来自，向下，-intus, 里面，词源同in. 即来自里面的，用于指居民，常客。
【记】den（n 兽穴），住在兽穴里的人一外来居民，因为毛多
【参】citizen（n 城市居民）
['den.ɪ.zən] literary
noun countable
■an animal, plant or person that lives in or is often in a particular place （特定地区的）居民，常住者，动物，植物
• Deer, foxes and squirrels are among the denizens of the forest. 鹿、狐狸和松鼠生活在森林地带。
vt. 给…居住权；移植
 - to transplant, transfer of culture
n. 居民； [生物] 外来语；外籍居民
 - liver, resident, dweller, inhabitant

Word: patina
Front: patina
[ˈpætɪnə] (宝 17560/24215)
Vocabulary: patina
(once / 21451 pages)
n
If you have an old bronze sculpture with a surface that has oxidized and turned green or brown, that coating is called a patina. A patina can appear on anything made of metal.
A patina can also be the shiny surface on wooden furniture that you get after years and years of polishing. You can also use the word in a metaphorical sense, to describe somebody who has acquired some surface character that doesn't go very deep — like the tycoon who has a patina of sophistication but only pretends to be interested in art and literature.
WORD FAMILY
patina: patinae, patinas, patinise, patinize
USAGE EXAMPLES
With a wooden rolling pin worn to a perfect patina by a decade of use, Salamanca begins to flatten a portion of dough.
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
Lower levels can be glimpsed through the scrapes and cracks, evoking the battered patinas of aged metals and ceramics.
Washington Post(Nov 18, 2016)
Even if, despite the patina of law, it is essentially criminal.
Slate(Nov 15, 2016)
Back: n. （青铜器上的）铜绿; 绿锈; （旧木器等表面）年久而产生的光泽; 神情
分布：铜绿(42%)，光泽(35%)，神情(23%)
→可能来自拉丁语patina,盘子，铜盘，词源同pan,patella.后用于指铜盘上的铜锈。
【记】原指盛圣餐面包的金属盘读：天津的市中心有一个大铜盘，每个人都在上面拍，祈求获得幸福－铜盘上的绿锈
【反】essential quality（本质，实质）
US ['pætˌ.ən.ə] noun
only singular
■a thin surface layer which develops on something because of use, age or chemical action （物体表面的）薄层
• His tomb was covered with a yellow patina of lichen. 他的墓地上长了一层薄薄的黄色地衣。
only singular formal
■something which makes someone or something seem to be something which they are not 假像
• Beware their patina of civility, it's only an act. 小心他们礼貌、客气的假像，那只不过是在装样子。
uncountable specialized
■a blue-green layer that forms on copper , brass or bronze （铜器表面的）铜绿，铜锈
n. [材] 铜绿；光泽；神态；圣餐盘
 - shine, verdigris

Word: vaporize
Front: vaporize
[ˈveɪpəraɪz] (托宝 17597/44809)
Vocabulary: vaporize
(once / 12601 pages)
v
To vaporize is to evaporate and turn into gas. If you're watching a sci-fi movie, it probably means to vanish quickly or be utterly obliterated by a phaser gun.
As the structure of the word suggests, vaporize means "turn into vapor." Sometimes this means just turning into gas, like when boiling water turns into steam and rises into the atmosphere. Other times, something more concentrated is left behind, like when maple sap is boiled down into syrup. And in the greenhouse (or grocery store produce section), to vaporize is also to spray your green things with a light coating of mist.
WORD FAMILY
vaporize: vaporizable, vaporization, vaporized, vaporizer, vaporizes, vaporizing+/ vapor: vaporing, vaporise, vaporish, vaporize, vaporous, vapors/vaporing: vaporings/vaporise: vaporisation, vaporised, vaporiser, vaporising/vaporish: vaporishly/vaporizer: vaporizers/vaporous: vaporously, vaporousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
When his plumbing-company job vaporized shortly after the President’s visit, he was besieged with offers.
The New Yorker(Dec 10, 2016)
Those hand-held devices that vaporize liquid nicotine could soon come to Price’s attention.
Washington Times(Nov 29, 2016)
This would, among other things, vaporize the newly created Consumer Financial Protection Bureau.
Washington Post(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. （使）蒸发，（使）汽化
vi. 说大话，自吹自擂
时态：vaporized, vaporizing, vaporizes
分布：名词(100%)
汽化(vapor+ize)[vapor=steam,表示"蒸汽"]
US [-pɚ.aɪz] verb intransitive or transitive
■to turn, or cause something to turn, from a solid or liquid state into gas （使）汽化；（使）蒸发
• During surgery, doctors sometimes use a laser beam to vaporize tiny blood vessels. 手术过程中，医生有时会使用雷射光束来汽化毛细血管。
• Most meteorites striking the Earth vaporize instantly. 大多数撞击地球的陨石会当即汽化。
vi. 蒸发
 - steam generation, evaporate
vt. 使…蒸发
 - boil

Word: dryness
Front: dryness
[draɪnəs] (17571/19592)
Back: n. 干，干燥; 干性; 干燥度
分布：干燥(94%)，冷淡(6%)
ADJ-GRADED
干的;干燥的
If something is dry, there is no water or moisture on it or in it.
例：Clean the metal with a soft dry cloth...用柔软的干布擦拭金属。
例：Pat it dry with a soft towel...用柔软的毛巾将它拍干。
V-ERG
(使)变干;弄干;擦干
When something dries or when you dry it, it becomes dry.
例：The washing might dry outside today, the sun's shining...洗过的衣物可能今天晾在外面就能干,阳光正足。
例：Leave your hair to dry naturally whenever possible...尽可能让头发自然晾干。
VERB
(洗后）擦干(盘、杯、刀、锅等)
When you dry the dishes after a meal, you wipe the water off the plates, cups, knives, pans, and other things when they have been washed, using a cloth.
例：Mrs. Madrigal began drying dishes.马德里加尔夫人开始擦干碟子。
ADJ-GRADED
(皮肤或头发)发干的,无水分的
If you say that your skin or hair is dry, you mean that it is less oily than, or not as soft as, normal.
例：Nothing looks worse than dry, cracked lips...没有什么比干燥开裂的嘴唇更难看的了。
例：Dry hair can be damaged by washing it too frequently...干性头发洗得太频繁容易受损。
ADJ-GRADED
干旱的;雨量少的;无雨的
If the weather or a period of time is dry, there is no rain or there is much less rain than average.
例：Exceptionally dry weather over the past year had cut agricultural production...去年罕见的干旱天气已导致农业减产。
例：The spring had been unusually dry and we received only two tenths of an inch of rain during the entire month of June.春天异常干旱，我们在整个 6 月只有 0.2 英寸的降雨量。
ADJ-GRADED
(地方或气候)少雨的,干燥的
A dry place or climate is one that gets very little rainfall.
例：It was one of the driest and dustiest places in Africa.那是非洲最干旱、尘土最多的地方之一。
例：...a hot, dry climate where the sun is shining all the time.终年阳光明媚的炎热干旱气候
N-SING
干燥;少雨
In the dry means in a place or at a time that is not damp, wet, or rainy.
例：Such cars, however, do grip the road well, even in the dry.不过，这种车即使在干燥路面上也表现出了良好的抓地性能。
ADJ-GRADED
(通常指河流、湖泊或水井由于天热少雨而)干涸的
If a river, lake, or well is dry, it is empty of water, usually because of hot weather and lack of rain.
例：The aquifer which had once fed the wells was pronounced dry...曾为水井供水的蓄水层正式宣告干涸了。
例：The single-engine plane landed at a dry lake in western Arizona...单引擎飞机在亚利桑那州西部的一个干涸的湖底着陆了。
ADJ
(油井)枯竭的,不再产油的
If an oil well is dry, it is no longer producing any oil.
例：To harvest oil and gas profitably from the North Sea, it must focus on the exploitation of small reserves as the big wells run dry.随着大型油井的枯竭，要想从北海的石油和天然气开采中盈利,必须着力于开采小储量的油井。
ADJ-GRADED
口渴的;干渴的
If you are dry, you need to drink something.
例：She was suddenly thirsty and dry.她突然口渴了。
ADJ-GRADED
(因紧张、生病等)口干的,喉咙干的
If your mouth or throat is dry, it has little or no saliva in it, and so feels very unpleasant, perhaps because you are tense or ill.
例：His mouth was dry, he needed a drink...他口很干,需要喝上一杯。
例：My throat was dry. I was at a loss for words.我喉咙很干,不知说什么才好。
ADJ
(咳嗽)无痰的,干咳的
A dry cough is one that does not produce any mucus.
ADJ
(眼睛)无泪的
If someone has dry eyes, there are no tears in their eyes; often used with negatives or in contexts where you are expressing surprise that they are not crying.
例：There were few dry eyes in the house when I finished...我说完后房间里没几个人不掉泪的。
例：She didn't wince and her eyes were dry. Talk about brave. She was unbelievable.她连眉头也未皱一下,也没哭。说到勇敢,她令人难以置信。
ADJ
禁酒的
If a country, state, or city is dry, it has laws or rules which forbid anyone to drink, sell, or buy alcoholic drink.
例：Gujurat has been a totally dry state for the past thirty years.在过去的 30 年里古吉拉特一直是完全禁酒的一个州。
ADJ
（被）吸干的;（被）榨干的
If you say that someone is sucking something dry or milking it dry, you are criticizing them for taking all the good things from it until there is nothing left.
例：...a shady rip-off industry that sucks its talent dry then discards it...见不得人的山寨行业吸干了它的才华后又将它抛弃
例：He's just milking the company dry.他是要把公司榨干。
ADJ-GRADED
(幽默)不露声色的,含蓄不露的,机敏的
Dry humour is very amusing, but in a subtle and clever way.
例：Fulton has retained his dry humour...富尔顿保持着他含而不露的幽默。
例：Mr Brooke is renowned for his dry wit.布鲁克先生因他不露声色的机智而闻名。
ADJ-GRADED
冷淡的;淡然的;不动感情的;冷冰冰的
If you describe a voice as dry, you mean that it is cold or dull, and does not express any emotions.
例：When he crept back to his desk, he heard the dry voice of Father Laurence.当他轻手轻脚地回到读经台时,他听到了劳伦斯神父冷冰冰的声音。
ADJ-GRADED
枯燥乏味的;干巴巴的;无趣的
If you describe something such as a book, play, or activity as dry, you mean that it is dull and uninteresting.
例：...dry, academic phrases.枯燥无味的学术词汇
例：A lot of the work was very dry and boring in Westminster.威斯敏斯特的许多工作非常枯燥无味令人厌烦。
ADJ
(面包或吐司)不涂黄油和果酱的
Dry bread or toast is plain and not covered with butter or jam.
例：For breakfast, they had dry bread and tea.他们早餐吃了无黄油的面包，还喝了茶。
ADJ
(酒)无甜味的,干的
Dry sherry or wine does not have a sweet taste.
例：...a glass of chilled, dry white wine.一杯冰镇干白葡萄酒
PHRASAL VERB
(河流、湖泊或水井)干涸
If a river, lake, or well dries up, it becomes empty of water, usually because of hot weather and a lack of rain.
例：Reservoirs are drying up and farmers have begun to leave their land...水库逐渐干涸,农民开始背井离乡。
例：The fountain is reputed never to dry up.这口泉号称从不干涸。
PHRASAL VERB
（供应）枯竭，停止，中断
If a supply of something dries up, it stops.
例：Investment could dry up and that could cause the economy to falter...投资可能会中断,而这会引起经济衰退。
例：Credit from foreign banks is drying up...外资银行的放贷金额持续萎缩，面临枯竭。
PHRASAL VERB
无话可说;突然住口
If you dry up when you are speaking, you stop in the middle of what you were saying, because you cannot think what to say next.
例：If you ask her what she's good at she will dry up after two minutes.如果你问她擅长什么，两分钟后她就没话说了。
n. [气候] 干燥；冷淡；干燥无味
 - drying, desiccation

Word: deleterious
Front: deleterious
[ˌdeləˈtɪəriəs] (托宝 17536/21345)
Vocabulary: deleterious
(once / 8231 pages)
adj
If something is deleterious, it does harm or makes things worse. Smoking has obvious deleterious effects on your health, not to mention your social life.
My parents were worried that their divorce would have a deleterious effect on us kids, but in the end it was less harmful than watching them fight all the time. For most plants, a lack of sunlight has very deleterious consequences, but there are some plants that actually do very well in the dark. It's a wonder, given how well-established the science is, that we continue to do things that are deleterious to the fragile ecosystem. We must be willing to live with the deleterious effects.
WORD FAMILY
deleterious: deleteriously
USAGE EXAMPLES
Because research specific to sugar’s deleterious effects is wanting, the science, Mr Taubes concedes, is not definitive.
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
Simply put, no medicine can overcome the deleterious effects the absence of these systems poses.
Slate(Nov 15, 2016)
This level is generally deleterious for much aquatic life such as fish and shellfish.
Salon(Nov 03, 2016)
Back: adj. 有害的; 有毒
分布：有害的(100%)
→来自希腊语deleter, 破坏者，毁灭者，可能进一步来自da, 切，分，词源同 demon.即破坏性的，有害的。
有害的[deleter=destroyer(毁坏者)]
【记】delete删除，er耳：把耳朵给删除了－对身心有害的
【反】wholesome（adj 卫生的；有益健康的）；salutary＝salubrious（adj 有益健康的）
US [-'tɪr.i-] formal
adjective
■harmful 有害的，造成危害的
• These drugs have a proven deleterious effect on the nervous system. 已证实这些药物对神经系统有危害作用。
adj. 有毒的，有害的
 - harmful, toxic, evil, poisonous

Word: thirty-nine
Front: thirty-nine
None None
Back: 三十九
分布：三十九(100%)

Word: blooming
Front: blooming
[ˈblu:mɪŋ] (宝 17603/17480)
Back: adj. 盛开的; 妙龄的; <俚>十足的、非常的; 开坯
分布：妙龄的(68%)，正开花的(16%)，动词bloom的现在分词.(16%)
【记】bloom（n 花；v 开花，繁盛）
adjective [before noun] adverb (also bloomin') mainly UK old-fashioned informal
■used to emphasize a noun, adverb or adjective, or to express anger 十足的（地），非常的（地）；讨厌的（地），该死的
• It's a blooming disgrace! 真丢脸！
• I'm not going to bloomin' well apologise to him! 我不打算向他他妈的道甚么歉！
['blu:.mɪŋ] adjective
■A person who is blooming has a healthy, energetic and attractive appearance （人）青春健美的，英姿焕发的
• Jo looked really well, - positively blooming. 祖看起来真不错，一副英姿焕发的样子。
adj. 盛开的；妙龄的
 - blown, full-blown

Word: inorganic
Front: inorganic
[ˌɪnɔ:ˈgænɪk] (六 17501/16515)
Back: adj. [化]无机的; 无组织结构的; 无生物的; 无活力的
分布：无机的(89%)，非自然生长的(11%)
→in-,不，非，organic,有机的。
US [-ɔ:r-] specialized
adjective
■not being or consisting of living material, or (of chemical substances) containing no carbon or only small amounts of carbon 无生物的；无机的
• Salt is an inorganic chemical. 盐是无机化学物质。
• The meteorites contained only inorganic material. 这些陨石只含有无机物。
Compare organic
adj. [无化] 无机的；无生物的
 - anorganic, unorganic

Word: crass
Front: crass
[kræs] (托宝 17607/19159 -1)
Vocabulary: crass
(once / 4956 pages)
adj
A crass comment is very stupid and shows that the speaker doesn't care about other people's feelings. In today's day and age, you don't have to wear black to a funeral, but to show up in clown pants is simply crass.
The source of this adjective is Latin crassus "thick, dense, fat." A similar development of meaning can be seen in English dense in the sense of "stupid, slow to understand," from Latin densus "thick, dense," and in English thick, which can also be used to mean "stupid."
WORD FAMILY
crass: crasser, crassest, crassly, crassness+/crassness: crassnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
In “Charlie Brown,” the eponymous lead wonders if all that’s left of Christmas is the crass commercialization he sees all around him.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
It is “trite, crass and insultingly moronic,” our reviewer writes.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
The knock on reboots is that they are a crass play for audiences, uncreative attempts to recapture former ratings glory.
Slate(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 愚笨的; 粗鲁的; 非常的，彻底的
级别：crasser, crassest
分布：粗鲁的(49%)，愚钝的(37%)，非常的(14%)
→来自拉丁词crassus, 厚的，粗糙的，词源同grease.
【记】cr哭，as好像，s死：好像死了，证明还没死呢，那你哭什么呀？你不是愚钝吗？Cry ass（驴）：哭起来跟驴似的－愚钝的
【反】refined（adj 精制的；优雅的；精确的）
adjective
■without considering how other people might feel; stupid 不考虑他人感受的；愚蠢的
• a crass remark 蠢话
• crass behaviour/ignorance 愚蠢的行为／愚昧无知
• a crass error of judgment 愚蠢的判断错误
• He made crass comments about her worn-out clothes. 他对她的破旧衣服说了些风凉话。
adj. 愚钝的；粗鲁的；非常的
 - intense, robust, crude, dense, rude

Word: justifiably
Front: justifiably
[dʒʌstɪ'faɪəblɪ] (17609/14134)
Back: adv. 无可非议地
分布：无可非议地(60%)，言之有理地(40%)
ADJ-GRADED
有理由的；无可非议的；情有可原的
An action, situation, emotion, or idea that is justifiable is acceptable or correct because there is a good reason for it.
例：The violence of the revolutionary years was justifiable on the grounds of political necessity.出于政治需要，革命年代的暴力行为是情有可原的。
例：...the strong and justifiable desire of the Baltic States for independence.波罗的海诸国要求独立的强烈而正当的愿望
adv. 无可非议地；言之有理地
 - unquestionably

Word: travail
Front: travail
[ˈtræveɪl] (17612/24228)
Vocabulary: travail
(once / 2456 pages)
1nv 2n
If you’ve had to bust your behind, burn the midnight oil, and shed blood, sweat, and tears to get where you are today, you could say you’ve endured significant travail. In other words, back-breakingly hard mental exertion or physical labor.
Travail comes to us from a sinister Latin word: trepalium, meaning “instrument of torture.” The closest English word is probably toil, though travail means you’re not just exerting monumental effort but suffering as you do so. If your life has been hard-knock enough to be the stuff of old blues songs or Shakespearean tragedies, you’ve had your share of travails. In French, incidentally, travail simply means work. The Spanish trabajo (work) is closely related.
WORD FAMILY
travail: travailed, travailing, travails
USAGE EXAMPLES
The travails of the Bordelon siblings were moving, thought-provoking, captivating, sometimes a little soapy, and deeply political.
Slate(Dec 09, 2016)
But it also warned on inflation—much like India’s stagflation travails of the past.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 07, 2016)
The plot follows the travails of Jack as he rises and falls in the real estate industry, finding rock bottom as a warehouse slumlord.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. <文>艰苦劳动; 辛勤努力; 痛苦; 分娩的阵痛
vi. 辛勤工作，努力，尤指经受分娩的阵痛
时态：travailed, travailing, travails
分布：阵痛(35%)，分娩的痛苦(30%)，辛劳(25%)，苦干(10%)
→来自古法语 travail,痛苦，煎熬，来自通俗拉丁语 tripaliare,折磨，来自拉丁语 trepalium,刑具， 一种由三根尖木桩组成的折磨工具，来自 tri-,三，词源同 three,palus,柱子，尖桩，词源同 impale,pole.
【记】trav＝tran转，ail（v 生小病）：转变成生小病，因为艰苦的劳动ail读：哎哟－生小病的叫声
【反】laze（v /n 懒散）
N-VAR
艰苦劳动;难题
You can refer to unpleasant hard work or difficult problems as travail .
例：He did whatever he could to ease their travail.他为减轻他们的辛劳做了力所能及的一切。

Word: esteemed
Front: esteemed
[ɪs'ti:md] (17613/22417)
Vocabulary: esteemed
(once / 616 pages)
adj
If lots of people respect you and you're known around town as a wise and intelligent person whose opinion matters, then you're esteemed.
Esteemed comes from the verb esteem, which means "to think valuable." If you are esteemed, then people think you're a valuable person to have around, and have a lot of respect for you. If you're hosting a dinner party with a special guest, an elderly man who has traveled the world and written many books, you could introduce him as your esteemed guest.
WORD FAMILY
esteem: disesteem, esteemed, esteeming, esteems, self-esteem +/disesteem: disesteemed, disesteeming, disesteems
USAGE EXAMPLES
Esteemed birds are just ones that everybody likes.
Slate(Dec 30, 2016)
For Magnum, the loss of Peter Marlow, esteemed British photographer and co-founder of its London office, was “terrible and huge,” says colleague Stuart Franklin.
Time(Dec 30, 2016)
Thybo, an internationally esteemed geophysicist, experienced expedition leader and gifted teacher and supervisor, is held in high regard by colleagues, postdocs and students.
Nature(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. <书>受人尊敬的
v. 尊敬( esteem的过去式和过去分词 ); 敬重; 认为; 以为
分布：受尊敬的(72%)，动词esteem的过去式和过去分词.(28%)
ADJ-GRADED
受尊敬的;受敬重的;受仰慕的
You use esteemed to describe someone who you greatly admire and respect.
例：He was esteemed by his neighbours...邻居们很敬重他。
例：It is indeed an honour to serve my country in such an esteemed position.在如此受人尊敬的岗位上为我的国家服务的确是一种荣誉。
v. 尊敬；认为（esteem的过去分词）
 - perceived, rated

Word: claustrophobic
Front: claustrophobic
[ˌklɔ:strəˈfəʊbɪk] (17610/18551)
Vocabulary: claustrophobic
(once / 27811 pages)
adj
Claustrophobic can be used to describe someone with a fear of small, enclosed spaces. If you're claustrophobic, there is almost nothing scarier than the prospect of being trapped in an elevator for a long time.
The Latin phobia means fear. In this case, it's paired with claudere, which means "to close;" claustrophobic describes a fear of being in a small, closed-off spaces. You can use this word to talk about someone with a psychiatric condition or with a milder affliction, even just a dislike for tiny or enclosed areas. You can also use claustrophobic to describe a place that makes you feel panicked, like the claustrophobic room at the library where your manga club meets every week.
WORD FAMILY
claustrophobic: claustrophobically+/claustrophobe: claustrophobes/ claustrophobia: claustrophobe, claustrophobic
USAGE EXAMPLES
But life as a Marine on the ship, with its claustrophobic berthing areas and dull routine, was mind-numbing.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Scaffolding stretches above him in an impenetrable line, ensuring that the walk home is dark and claustrophobic.
New York Times(Dec 02, 2016)
“The girls will get claustrophobic,” said Mr. Simmons, who wore a Yankees cap and prayer beads with an Om pendant.
New York Times(Nov 16, 2016)
Back: adj. （患）幽闭恐怖症的，导致幽闭恐怖症的; 令人不适地被关闭或被包围的
n. 幽闭恐怖症患者
分布：引起幽闭恐怖的(100%)
US [ˌklɑ:.strə'foʊ-] adjective
■describes a place which is small and closed, and makes you feel uncomfortable when you are in it （因地方非常狭小）导致幽闭恐惧症的
• My room's a bit claustrophobic. 我的房间小得有点令人幽闭恐惧。
■specialized
■describes a person suffering from a fear of being in closed spaces （人）患幽闭恐惧症的
UK [ˌklɒs.trə'fəʊ.bɪk] US [ˌklɑ:.strə'foʊ-] noun countable specialized
■a claustrophobic person 幽闭恐惧症患者

Word: acquiescence
Front: acquiescence
[ˌækwiˈesns] (17580/14506)
Vocabulary: acquiescence
(once / 1687 pages)
n
Acquiescence is an agreement, usually a willingness to go along with what someone else suggests. "Sure, I don't mind," "That sounds like a plan," and "Good idea" — these are all ways to show your acquiescence.
The word acquiescence, pronounced "ack-we-ESS-sense," comes from the French word of the same spelling. The first record of its meaning as "silent consent" occurred in the 1640s. Acquiescence, in addition to "agreement," can also mean "acceptance without protest." Often when you offer acquiescence, you give in to another person's plan, perhaps because you are afraid to object or you don't have a better idea of your own.
WORD FAMILY
acquiescence: acquiescences+/ acquiesce: acquiesced, acquiescence, acquiescent, acquiesces, acquiescing/ acquiescent: acquiescently
USAGE EXAMPLES
For the Turks, this probably means Russian acquiescence in squeezing Syria’s Kurds in a post-civil war agreement.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
Not impressed, not buying your hysteria, not bowing and scraping in acquiescence to your pain.
Seattle Times(Nov 27, 2016)
There is a middle ground between total resistance and total acquiescence.
Slate(Nov 18, 2016)
Back: n. 默认，默许
分布：默许(91%)，顺从(9%)
默认,默许(ac+qui+escence)[Quiet,qui=still,表示"静"]
N-UNCOUNT
同意；默认；默许；顺从
Acquiescence is agreement to do what someone wants, or acceptance of what they do even though you do not agree with it.
例：Deirdre smiled her acquiescence...戴尔德丽微笑着表示同意。
例：Fear of rapid social change made temporary acquiescence in slavery tolerable in the South.对飞速的社会变革的恐惧使得南部对奴隶制暂时的默许变得可以忍受。
n. [法] 默许；默从
 - tacit consent, condonement

Word: demean
Front: demean
[dɪˈmi:n] (宝 17616/22692)
Vocabulary: demean
(once / 5337 pages)
v
To demean someone is to insult them. To demean is to degrade or put down a person or thing.
If you noticed the word mean in demean, that's a good clue to its meaning. To demean someone is very mean. You are demeaning your sister or brother if you run their underwear up a flagpole. A teacher could demean a student by saying "You're stupid!" To demean is to insult: no one wants to be demeaned. Insulting language is often called demeaning. We can also say a bad president demeaned his office.
WORD FAMILY
demean: demeaned, demeaning, demeans, misdemean+/ demeaning: demeaningly/misdemean: misdemeaned, misdemeaning, misdemeans
USAGE EXAMPLES
Or to consider the emotional impact of the children seeing their father demean their mother in such a way.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
In December 2015, Falls complained to Jackson County Human Resources that he was treated in an unprofessional, demeaning and discriminatory manner.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Appalled by sexist and demeaning banners displayed by Brass Monkey Hotel, Northbridge.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 使降低身份，使卑下
时态：demeaned, demeaning, demeans
分布：贬低(63%)，降低(37%)
→de-, 向下。mean,下贱的。即使下贱，贬损。比较debase.
【记】mean（adj 低劣的；卑鄙的）
verb transitive
■to cause someone to become less respected 羞辱，贬低
• The entire family was demeaned by his behaviour. 全家人都因他的行为而蒙羞。
• [R] I wouldn't demean myself by asking my parents for money. 我绝不会向父母要钱，我可丢不起那脸。
vt. 贬低...的身分；举止
 - bear oneself, deport

Word: tank
Front: tank
[tæŋk] (高研四六托 1874/1897 -K3)
Vocabulary: tank
(once / 263 pages)
1nv 2n 3n
A tank is a large container for gases or liquids, like a tank of oil. Another kind of tank is an armored military vehicle with a cannon. If you see that kind of tank driving down the road, run for cover!
There are two main kinds of tanks. One kind is a container for water, oil, natural gas, or other liquids and gases. Some houses have fuel oil tanks outside or in the basement. The other kind of tank is a large powerful military vehicle. A tank — which has a cannon — rolls across the ground on treads and is heavily armored. Those tanks can roll right over cars and anything else they want to squish.
WORD FAMILY
tank: antitank, tankage, tanked, tanker, tankful, tanking, tanks+/supertanker: supertankers/tanker: supertanker, tankers/tankful: tankfuls
USAGE EXAMPLES
The tank buckled, the company said, and supercooled liquid oxygen pooled in the lining.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
The company says its investigation of the Sept. 1 explosion found that a tank failed within the larger, second-stage liquid oxygen tank.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The investigation narrowed in on three helium containers within the second-stage liquid oxygen tank.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 油[水]箱; 坦克; 贮水池; 酒量大的人
vt. 把…贮放在柜内; 打败
时态：tanked, tanking, tanks
分布：箱(37%)，罐(30%)，坦克(25%)，槽(5%)，贮水池(2%)，把 ... 储于槽中(1%)
→来自葡萄牙语 tanque,水箱，容器，借自印度语，如印度总理莫迪所在邦古吉拉特语 tankh, 水箱，畜水池，最终可能来自梵语 tadaga,池塘。现主要词义军事坦克来自一战时英国人发 明该重型装甲武器后为出其不意给德军重创，从而以“Tank”作掩护而得名。
n.罐,槽,箱;坦克vt.储于槽中The frank man put the first-rank blank blanket into the tan tank.直率的男子将一流空白毛毯放进黝黑的大容器
noun countable
CONTAINER 容器
 ADVANCED
■a container which holds liquid or gas （盛放液体或气体的）容器
• a water tank 水箱
• a fuel/petrol tank 燃料／汽油箱
[tæŋk] noun countable
VEHICLE 车辆
 ADVANCED
■a large military fighting vehicle built to protect those inside it from attack, which is driven by wheels which turn inside moving metal belts 坦克
n. [军] 坦克；水槽；池塘
 - trough, mere
vt. 把…贮放在柜内；打败
 - beat, best

Word: shear
Front: shear
[ʃɪə(r)] (研四六托雅宝 9594/10041 -1)
Vocabulary: shear
(once / 1337 pages)
1vn 2vn
A shear is a cutting implement that looks like a long pair of scissors. Also like scissors, this form of the noun is usually plural. You can cut metal, prune a tree, or cut up a chicken with shears.
In farming, when you remove wool from a sheep, goat, or even a llama, you shear the animal. Most farmers shear their sheep once a year, but the timing varies from farm to farm. The verb shear also means to cause to break off or come apart with a cutting force. The wind during a storm can blow hard enough to shear the tiles off a roof.
WORD FAMILY
shear: sheared, shearer, shearing, shears+/sheared: unsheared/shearer: shearers/shearing: shearings/shears: shearses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Quion Shears, 19, wants to get a degree at Clark Atlanta University and hopes to become a real estate agent.
Washington Post(Dec 18, 2016)
“Shear Madness” A comedy-mystery set in Georgetown, in which the audience helps solve a murder.
Washington Post(Dec 13, 2016)
Liberals stride into the red-tape jungle with pruning shears, and find themselves entangled in the internal logic of the rules.
Washington Post(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: vt. 剪羊毛; 切断; 剪切; 剥夺
vi. 剪切; 修剪; 穿越; [力]切变
n. 大剪刀; 剪下的东西; 剪切; [力]切力
时态：sheared, shorn, shearing, shears
分布：剪(88%)，修剪(6%)，剥夺(3%)，剪掉(1%)，大剪刀(1%)，剪下的东西(1%)
→来自古英语 sceran,剪下，切下，来自 Proto-Germanic*sker,剪，切，来自 sker,剪，切， 词源同 share,sharp.引申诸相关词义。
v.剪,修剪After the rehearsal, the weary mechanic repaired the gears with shears and spear.排练完后,疲倦的机修工用剪刀和矛修理了齿轮装置.
【记】sh使，ear－使羊的耳朵边上的毛剪掉－剪羊毛（羊的耳边没毛）
【参】shears（n 大剪刀）
US [ʃɪr] (sheared, sheared or shorn)
verb
CUT 剪切
   transitive
■to cut the wool off a sheep 给（羊）剪（羊毛）
• The farmer taught her how to shear sheep. 那个农夫教了她如何剪羊毛。
transitive
■to cut the hair on a person's head close to the skin, especially without care （尤指草率地）剃光（头发）
• He recalled the humiliation of having his hair shorn and exchanging his clothes for the prison uniform. 他记起了曾被剃光头、被迫换上囚服的耻辱。
be shorn of sth
■to have something taken away from you 被剥夺，被夺去
• The ex-President, although shorn of his official powers, still has influence. 前总统虽然被剥夺了权力，但是仍有影响力。
UK [ʃɪər] US [ʃɪr] (sheared, sheared or shorn)
verb
BREAK 断裂
   intransitive specialized
■If part of something, especially something made of metal, shears, it breaks into two pieces, usually because of a sideways force （尤指金属部件因剪切力）折断，断裂
• The old screws holding the engine casing had sheared (off). 固定引擎外壳的旧螺丝折断了。
vt. 剪；修剪；剥夺
 - crop, clip
vi. 剪； [机] 剪切；修剪
 - trim off, to prune
n. [力] 切变；修剪；大剪刀
 - cutting back, clipper

Word: taper
Front: taper
[ˈteɪpə(r)] (六宝 17027/14001 -1)
Vocabulary: taper
(once / 816 pages)
1vn 2n
To taper is to gradually grow smaller or more narrow or less intense. Taper is often used with the word "off." Part of the power of the Vietnam Memorial is in how the two walls appear to "taper off" into infinity.
It's a rare breed of person who can keep fighting for days and days and days. For most people, the desire for battle tapers off with time and exhaustion. The derivation of the word taper from the Latin papyrus is interesting but takes a while to explain. Your interest would taper off before I finished explaining it. The fact that a road appears to taper off into the distance is an optical illusion: It doesn't actually get narrower. It just appears to taper off.
WORD FAMILY
taper: tapered, tapering, tapers+/tapering: taperings
USAGE EXAMPLES
County officials say that height would be focused along Wisconsin Avenue, tapering down as it reaches residential streets.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
Called a radome, it was a tapering multifaceted structure of interlocking triangles rising more than 400 feet.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Different decorative motifs proceed down the tapered legs, which resemble inverted obelisks.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 逐渐变细，变尖; 逐渐减弱
n. 细蜡烛; 灯芯; 锥形物
时态：tapered, tapering, tapers
分布：尖细的(25%)，小蜡烛(15%)，逐渐消失(10%)，划分等级的(10%)，蜡芯(10%)，尖锥形(10%)，渐弱(10%)，逐渐变小(10%)
→来自古英语 taper,灯芯，蜡烛，异化自拉丁语 papyrus,纸莎草，词源同 paper.因过去用纸莎草 芯做灯芯而引申该词义，后进一步引申词义锥形物，逐渐变细等。
【记】源于：paper。Taper一个东西，使它变成paper。
US [-pɚ] verb intransitive or transitive
■to become gradually narrower at one end, or to make something do this （使）一端逐渐变窄
• Turn left where the road tapers (off) into a track. 走到这条路变窄成一条小径的地方，向左转。
UK ['teɪ.pər] US [-pɚ] verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  taper off
■to become gradually smaller or less frequent 逐渐变小；逐步减弱
• Her voice tapered off as she realized everyone was listening. 当她意识到大家都在听时，她的声音就越来越小了。
• Sales have gradually tapered off. 销售额逐渐下滑。
UK ['teɪ.pər] US [-pɚ] noun countable
■a very thin candle, or a long thin piece of string covered in wax or a very thin strip of wood used especially in the past for lighting candles, fires, etc. 细枝小蜡烛；点火木片；灯芯；烛芯
n. 细蜡烛，烛芯；逐渐变弱；锥形物
 - candlewick
vi. 逐渐减少；逐渐变弱
 - drop away
vt. 逐渐减少；使成锥形
 - cone, drop away

Word: infest
Front: infest
[ɪnˈfest] (托雅宝 17621/18990 -1)
Vocabulary: infest
(once / 1504 pages)
v
The verb infest means to invade in large number, often resisting control and causing damage or hardship. Bedbugs can infest people's belongings and even their bodies, or mice may infest your kitchen if you leave the cheese out too often.
Infest comes from Latin: in- means "not" and festus means "able to be seized." So infest describes something is not able to be seized, typically because it's present in such large numbers. For example, mosquitoes may infest your backyard during the summer and annoy you when you're trying to relax. Infest is usually used to describe pests, such as bugs or rodents, that overrun something in such large number that they are difficult to control.
WORD FAMILY
infest: disinfest, infestation, infested, infesting, infests+/ infestation: disinfestation, infestations
USAGE EXAMPLES
When he was 7, Mr. Rodriques’s house got infested with German cockroaches, the common household scourge.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Their apartment became infested with mice, she said, and they couldn’t afford traps.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Additionally, the researchers call for close monitoring of invasive Asian carp, which might out-compete native fish species if they infest the Great Lakes.
Washington Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: vt. 大批出没，成群出现; 在…上寄生，寄生于; 骚扰
时态：infested, infesting, infests
分布：寄生于(40%)，侵扰(40%)，猖獗(20%)
→in-,不，非，-fest,击，打，抓住，词源同defend,manifest.其原义为抓不住的，控制不住的，引申词义骚扰，麻烦，大量滋生。词义演变比较opportune.
大批出没;扰乱(in进入+fest→进入仇恨→扰乱)[fest=hostile,表示"仇恨"]
【记】in进入，fest＝pest（n 害虫）：一万只害虫进入你们家－骚扰
verb transitive
■(of animals and insects which carry disease) to cause a problem by being present in large numbers （动物、害虫等）大批出没于，骚扰
• The barn was infested with rats. 谷仓里到处都是老鼠。
vt. 骚扰；寄生于；大批出没；大批滋生
 - harry, ply with

Word: pragmatist
Front: pragmatist
['præɡmətɪst] (17575/20667)
Vocabulary: pragmatist
(once / 12481 pages)
n
If you have a friend whose head is always in the clouds, always dreaming, and taking risks without thinking of the consequences, you might say that she isn’t much of a pragmatist.
A pragmatist is someone who is pragmatic, that is to say, someone who is practical and focused on reaching a goal. A pragmatist usually has a straightforward, matter-of-fact approach and doesn’t let emotion distract her. A pragmatist can also ignore her own ideals to get the job done, so in this way it can have a slightly negative meaning. The word is often used in reference to politicians to mean that they are either sensible or willing to cut corners for their cause.
WORD FAMILY
pragmatist: pragmatists+/ pragmatic: pragmatically, pragmatics, pragmatism / pragmatism: pragmatical, pragmatisms, pragmatist
USAGE EXAMPLES
The biggest challenge for pragmatists will be to win over some Democrats for replacement legislation.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
It might not sit well with the traditionalists, but the pragmatists will approve.
Seattle Times(Dec 19, 2016)
“He’s a pragmatist with a passion for quality.”
Washington Post(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 实用主义者
分布：实用主义者(100%)
N-UNCOUNT
实用主义；务实主义
Pragmatism means thinking of or dealing with problems in a practical way, rather than by using theory or abstract principles.
例：She had a reputation for clear thinking and pragmatism.她曾以思路清晰、观点务实而闻名。
n. 实用主义者；爱管闲事的人
 - busybody, meddler

Word: touchstone
Front: touchstone
[ˈtʌtʃstəʊn] (宝 17623/20944)
Vocabulary: touchstone
(once / 4696 pages)
n
Use the noun touchstone to describe a basis for comparison. For example, a filmmaker's touchstone might be her all-time favorite movie; she wants her movie to be that good or similar to it in some way.
Touchstone as it is defined today comes from an actual stone. In the late 15th century, gold and silver was rubbed, or touched against black quartz — the touchstone — to determine the purity of the metals. This was done by looking at the color of the streaks left on the stone. This is why a touchstone, in the figurative sense as it is used today, is a measuring tool.
WORD FAMILY
touchstone: touchstones
USAGE EXAMPLES
The bench will serve as an aspirational touchstone in Woodland Terrace, Nixon said.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
It was the kind of cultural touchstone that happens only once in a generation, if that.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Between “Formation” and “Insecure,” which are very different, you were involved with two of the year’s cultural touchstones.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 试金石， （检验）标准
分布：试金石(87%)，检验标准(13%)
→touch,触碰，触摸，引申词义检验，stone,石头。用于指试金石。
US [-stoʊn] noun countable
■an established standard or principle by which something is judged 检验标准，试金石
• Until relatively recently, the Japanese car industry was the touchstone of international success. 近几年来，日本的汽车工业一直都是衡量是否在国际上取得成功的业界标杆。
n. 试金石；（检验）标准
 - criterion, standard, norms, level, prototype

Word: spending
Front: spending
[ˈspendɪŋ] (雅 2337/2353)
Back: n. 开销，花费
v. 用钱，花钱( spend的现在分词 ); 花费; 消耗; 花（时间）
分布：名词(100%)
→spend,花钱，花销，-ing,动名词后缀。
noun uncountable
 IMPROVER
■the money which is used for a particular purpose, especially by a government or organization （尤指政府或组织的）开支，支出，开销
• government spending on health 政府在医疗保健方面的支出
• spending cuts 削减开支
• Consumer spending has more than doubled in the last ten years. 消费者的支出在过去十年中增加了一倍多。
n. 花费；开销
 - expenditure, payout
v. 花费；度过（spend的现在分词形式）
 - living, costing

Word: angelic
Front: angelic
[ænˈdʒelɪk] (17620/19834)
Vocabulary: angelic
(once / 1687 pages)
adj
Many kids look angelic, meaning sweet and cherubic, when they’re asleep. Hard to believe that two hours earlier they were spitting milk at the babysitter and stuffing peas up their nose.
The adjective angelic can describe anything related to angels or resembling an angel. It can refer to actual angels, as in an angelic choir, which is a bunch of singing angels. Or it can be used to describe someone or something that has the sweet and gentle qualities of an angel. If a choir sounds angelic, it’s a normal choir of people but their voices are so pure and beautiful that they sound like angels.
WORD FAMILY
angelic: angelically+/ angel: angelic, angelical, angels, archangel / archangel: archangelic, archangelical, archangels
USAGE EXAMPLES
Then let’s talk about how you created Gabriel, this angelic, innocent character.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 01, 2016)
The performance has all the tenets of a truly fabulous Mariah Carey production: festive dancers, angelic vocals, and no shortage of glitter, glitz, and glamour.
Time(Nov 17, 2016)
We never see her, but only hear her in a few passages as a disembodied, angelic voice.
New York Times(Nov 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 天使的，天国的; （美丽、善良、纯洁等）似天使的
分布：形容词(99%)，名词(1%)
adjective
■very beautiful and very good 美丽的；善良的；天使般的
• an angelic voice/face/smile 甜美的嗓音／面容／微笑
adj. 天使的；似天使的；天国的
 - cherubic, hierachical

Word: merciful
Front: merciful
[ˈmɜ:sɪfl] (高六托 17622/19546)
Vocabulary: merciful
(once / 441 pages)
1adj 2adj
Use the adjective merciful to describe someone who has compassion for other people, especially when he is in a position to punish them or treat them harshly.
If you're caught cheating on a math test, your best hope is that your teacher will be merciful, or that she will forgive you for what you've done. Forgiving someone or relieving a person's pain are both merciful acts. The word merciful also has religious connotations which come from the root word mercy, used since the 12th century to mean "God's forgiveness of his creatures' offenses." The origin is the Old French merci, "pity or thanks."
WORD FAMILY
merciful: mercifuler, mercifully, mercifulness, unmerciful+/ merciless: mercilessly, mercilessness/ mercy: mercies, merciful, merciless /unmerciful: unmercifully, unmercifulness
USAGE EXAMPLES
“The merciful Lord looks at us all without any distinction,” Mr. Andrino said.
New York Times(Sep 03, 2016)
“Death is a thousand times more merciful than being wounded,” he said.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 09, 2016)
A miserable season will come to a merciful end soon enough.
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 仁慈的，宽恕的，温和的，（情形）良好的，顺利的，（处罚）宽大的
分布：仁慈的(78%)，宽大的(22%)
→mercy,宽大，怜悯，仁慈。
US ['mɝ:-] approving
adjective
PERSON 人
■describes someone who shows kindness and forgiveness to people who are in their power 宽大的；慈悲的，仁慈的
• "God is merciful," said the priest. “上帝是仁慈的，”神父说道。
• a merciful ruler 仁慈的统治者
UK ['mɜ:.sɪ.fəl] US ['mɝ:-] approving
adjective
EVENT/SITUATION 事件／情况
■describes an event or situation which you are grateful for because it stops something unpleasant 令人解脱的；使人松一口气的
• After such a long illness, her death came as a merciful release. 经历了如此漫长的病痛折磨之后，她的死算是一种幸运的解脱。
tolerantj, merciful
这两个形容词均含“宽容的”之意。
tolerantj: 指不固执己见，能够宽容或谅解他人的开明态度。
merciful: 指同情或怜悯。
adj. 仁慈的；慈悲的；宽容的
 - kind, humane

Word: uninformed
Front: uninformed
[ˌʌnɪnˈfɔ:md] (17626/18889)
Back: adj. 信息不足的; 情况不明的; 未受教育的; 无知的
分布：知识贫乏的(50%)，未得到通知的(50%)
US [-'fɔ:rmd] adjective
■not having much information about something; not informed 资讯贫乏的；不了解情况的；无知的
• Individuals and businesses appear woefully uninformed about this aspect of the information age. 个人和企业似乎对资讯时代的这一方面无知到了可悲的地步。
UK [ˌʌn.ɪn'fɔ:md] US [-'fɔ:rmd] plural noun
the uninformed
■people who do not have much information or knowledge about something 无知的；未受教育的；资讯不足的
• Individuals with knowledge must attempt to educate the uninformed. 有知识的人应当试着去教化无知者。
adj. 无知的；未被通知的；未受教育的；不学无术的
 - dark, empty, ignorant, innocent

Word: dour
Front: dour
[ˈdaʊə(r)] (宝 17628/14738 -1)
Vocabulary: dour
(once / 4562 pages)
adj
Dour describes something sullen, gloomy, or persistent. You might look dour on your way to picking up your last check from the job you just got fired from, and people should get out of your way.
Dour and endure most likely come from the Latin word durus which means "hard." If something is hard to endure for a long enough time, it can make even the most happy-go-lucky person dour. Dour sounds like sour (or closer to "do-er"). It's a tomato/tamahto word, but either way — if you're in a sour mood, you have no sense of humor, and you're dour.
WORD FAMILY
dour: dourer, dourest, dourly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Six hours of tickle therapy fails to produce a single smile from José Mourinho, dour soccer coach of Manchester United.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
We also love the dour little boy staring out from his murky portrait, undercutting all that Scottish cheer.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 17, 2016)
Not everyone felt entirely dour about the election results.
New York Times(Nov 09, 2016)
Back: adj. 严厉的; 阴沉的; （岩石）嶙峋的; 顽强不屈
级别：dourer, dourest
分布：严厉的(50%)，不爱讲话的(35%)，沉沉的(15%)
→来自拉丁语durus, 硬的，词源同endure, tree. 引申词义冷酷的。
性情冷酷的(dour=dur心硬不为所动)[dur=last,hard,表示"持久,坚硬"]
【记】do＋our＝打我们，暴徒打我们的时候绝对不会特别亲切，一定是脸色阴沉的表情
【反】congenial（adj 适意的）；genial（adj 亲切的）；jocund（adj 欢乐的；高兴的）
US [dʊr] adjective
■(usually of a person's appearance or manner) unfriendly, unhappy and very serious （通常指人的外表或行为）冷峻的，阴沈的，不苟言笑的
• The normally dour Mr James was photographed smiling and joking with friends. 平时不苟言笑的詹姆斯先生照片上却与朋友们谈笑风生。
adj. 严厉的；顽强的；阴沉的；不爱讲话的
 - severe, tight, hard, heavy, harsh

Word: chaser
Front: chaser
[ˈtʃeɪsə(r)] (17437/20241 -1)
Back: n. 追赶者; 追猎者，猎人; [航]追击舰; 饮烈酒后喝的饮料
分布：驱逐舰(34%)，猎人(33%)，雕刻工(11%)，烈酒后饮品(11%)，螺纹梳刀(11%)
→来自chase，追逐，追加。
US [-sɚ] noun countable UK a small alcoholic drink which is drunk after a weaker alcoholic drink （饮过淡酒之后喝的）烈酒
• beer with a whisky chaser 喝过啤酒后接着喝一点威士卡
■US
■a drink with little or no alcohol in it which is drunk after a small strong alcoholic drink （饮过一点烈酒后喝的）淡酒，饮料
• whisky with a beer chaser 喝过威士卡后接着喝一点啤酒
• tequila with a grapefruit-juice chaser 饮过龙舌兰酒后接着喝一杯葡萄柚汁
n. 驱逐舰；猎人；饮烈酒后喝的饮料； [机] 螺纹梳刀
 - hunter, destroyer

Word: flaky
Front: flaky
[ˈfleɪki] (17627/33185)
Vocabulary: flaky
(once / 14021 pages)
1adj 2adj
If you are flaky, you are off-beat and you probably don’t function in society quite like everyone else. If you say you’ll come to a party and then forget to show up, you are flaky.
People are flaky (also spelled flakey) if they are wacky and unconventional, but to say someone is flaky is not really a compliment. If you want to buffer the blow of calling your friend an odd-ball, don’t say she’s flaky — say she’s eccentric. Pie crusts, snow, certain rocks, and dandruff can also be flaky, which means that they come apart in layered bits. Flakiness is a good thing for pie crusts, but not for your scalp.
WORD FAMILY
flaky: flakier, flakiest, flakily+/ flake: flaked, flakes, flakey, flaking, flaky /flakey: flakiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The outside crust was flaky, and inside, big chunks of chicken were swimming in a mildly spiced Thai curry.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
If you get that right, he said, your fillet will emerge with an ethereal, crunchy, golden crust and a flaky interior.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 15, 2016)
The enamel bowls contained flaky fufu and watery soup bereft of chunks of fish or meat.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
Back: adj. 薄片的; 成片的; 薄而易剥落的; <美俚>极古怪的
级别：flakier, flakiest
分布：薄片的(24%)，疯疯癫癫的(24%)，易剥落的(24%)，古里古怪的(20%)，成层的(8%)
→来自flake, 薄片，碎片。
adjective
SMALL PIECE 小片的
■coming off easily in small, flat, thin pieces 易碎成小薄片的；易脱落的
• dry, flaky skin 干燥易脱皮的皮肤
• a flaky scalp 易脱皮屑的头皮
['fleɪ.ki] adjective
PERSON 人的 mainly US informal
■behaving in a way that is not responsible or expected 疯疯癫癫的；离谱的；古怪的
• The central character of the play is a flaky neurotic. 该剧的中心人物是一个疯疯癫癫的神经病患者。

Word: debunk
Front: debunk
[ˌdi:ˈbʌŋk] (宝 17630/34001)
Vocabulary: debunk
(once / 16742 pages)
v
When you debunk something you show it to be false. Many magicians, including Houdini and Penn and Teller, have worked to debunk the idea that magic is anything other than a very clever illusion.
To debunk something is to prove it wrong. The idea that music education is frivolous and should be the first item cut from the budget is something that music teachers word hard to debunk — in fact, they've done it by proving that students perform better in schools with strong music programs. The verb debunk was first used by an American writer, William Woodward, in 1923, to mean "take the bunk out of something." Bunk means "nonsense."
WORD FAMILY
debunk: debunked, debunking, debunks+/ bunk: bunked, bunker, bunking, bunks, debunk /bunker: bunkered, bunkering, bunkers/debunking: debunkings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some critics lampooned the ship as being gun-free, a bit of parody and fake news that was debunked on snopes.com.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
That claim was debunked in the early 1960s by a study that involved interviews with 50 patients.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Consumer Reports debunks some common myths about the health problems that may affect you as you age:
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: vt. 揭穿真相，暴露
时态：debunked, debunking, debunks
分布：揭穿真相(56%)，暴露(44%)
→de-, 不，非，使相反。bunk, 谎言。
【记】de去掉，bunk＝bank岸－去掉岸－暴露（洪水）de去掉，bunk＝bank银行－暴露（出金库）
【反】perpetuate to sham（永远的伪装）；unexposure（v 不揭露）
[ˌdi:'bʌŋk] informal
verb transitive
■to show that something is less important, less good or less true than it has been made to appear 驳斥；揭穿，揭露…的真相
• The writer's aim was to debunk the myth that had grown up around the actress. 作者的目的是为了揭穿围绕这位女演员的种种传闻。
vt. 揭穿；拆穿…的假面具；暴露
 - divulgate, come to light

Word: heretic
Front: heretic
[ˈherətɪk] (宝 17615/21076)
Vocabulary: heretic
(once / 819 pages)
n
If your friend became interested in Hinduism, with its many gods and rituals, her Catholic mother might be worried that her daughter was a heretic, or a person whose religious beliefs are in contrast to the fundamental beliefs of her church.
The noun heretic is mostly used in a religious context to talk about someone whose actions or beliefs act against the laws, rules, or beliefs of some specific religion. However, heretic can also be used in a non-religious way to mean "someone whose ideas go against the norm." Say your regular hangout is a cowboy honky-tonk and most of your friends play in country bands; you might be considered a heretic if you announced that your favorite kind of music is actually opera.
WORD FAMILY
heretic: heretics
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the Wall Street Journal, contrarian Roger Pielke Jr. published an article where he described himself as a climate heretic.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Instead, he’s concerned that she is a “trinity denying heretic” who allegedly doesn’t share the view of the divinity of Jesus that Erickson does.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
The group considers all Shi'ite Muslims to be heretics who must repent or die.
Reuters(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: n. 异教徒; 异端分子
分布：异教徒(83%)，异端的(17%)
→来自heresy,异端邪说。比喻用法。
noun countable
■a person who is guilty of heresy 异教徒；异端分子
n. 异教徒，异端者
 - unbeliever, pagandom
adj. 异端的；异教的
 - heterodox, unorthodox

Word: polemic
Front: polemic
[pəˈlemɪk] (宝 17583/20035 -1)
Vocabulary: polemic
(once / 3391 pages)
nadj
A polemic is something that stirs up controversy by having a negative opinion, usually aimed at a particular group. A piece of writing can be a polemic, as long as it gets someone's goat.
Polemic comes from the Greek polemikos meaning "warlike, belligerent." It's like challenging someone to a duel of ideas. These days a polemic is usually a piece of writing, such as if the Grinch published a powerful polemic against Christmas. It's like a debate, and philosophers from Nietzsche to Voltaire are known for theirs. The British philosopher John Stuart Mill had this to say about it: "The worst offense that can be committed by a polemic is to stigmatize those who hold a contrary opinion as bad and immoral men."
WORD FAMILY
polemic: polemical, polemically, polemicise, polemicize, polemics, polemise, polemize+/ polemicist: polemicists/polemicize: polemicized, polemicizes, polemicizing/polemics: polemicist, polemist/polemist: polemists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Feminist polemics became a staple of fashion magazines.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
SEE ALSO: Mike Rowe says ‘Hamilton’ statement was ‘unpersuasive’: ‘They turned a play into a polemic’
Washington Times(Dec 02, 2016)
His studies lead him through ancient polemics in which Jewish scholars tried to discredit Christianity by exposing its historical and theological inconsistencies.
Washington Post(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: n. 争论，辩论; 辩论者，争论者
adj. 辩论的，好争论的
分布：争辩术(33%)，辩论法(31%)，争论的(26%)，慷慨陈词(10%)
→来自希腊语polemos,战争，战斗。比喻用法。
【记】pole（n 杆；柱）mic麦克风：一边用mic争论一边用pole打－争辩
[pə'lem.ɪk] formal
noun countable
■a piece of writing or a speech in which a person strongly attacks or defends a particular opinion, person, idea or set of beliefs 辩论文章；激烈的争辩
• She has published a fierce anti-war polemic. 她发表了一篇言辞激烈的反战文章。
n. 争论；辩论者
 - controversy, combat
adj. 好争论的
 - disputative, litigious

Word: cantaloupe
Front: cantaloupe
[ˈkæntəlu:p] (17619/-)
Vocabulary: cantaloupe
(once / 30541 pages)
n
A cantaloupe is a small melon with rough skin and orange flesh. If you are making fruit salad, don't forget the cantaloupe.
The jury has long been out on this word's origins, but it's thought to be a place where the melon was cultivated: Cantaluppi in Italy, or Cantaloup in France. Either way, the cantaloupe is a delicious melon with tan rind and orange flesh. Many people enjoy some cantaloupe with breakfast or anytime as a snack. You can eat cantaloupe slices or you can stick a spoon in half a cantaloupe and go to town.
WORD FAMILY
cantaloupe: cantaloupes
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I’m tired of this,’’ she says during a brief morning “lunch” of cantaloupe and a Monster energy drink at the East Precinct on Capitol Hill.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
As a young athlete, she was a star member of the Arizona Cantaloupe Queens women’s amateur softball team.
New York Times(Sep 15, 2016)
Her mother sold cantaloupes and watermelons to local grocery stores.
New York Times(Oct 11, 2016)
Back: n. 罗马甜瓜，香瓜，哈密瓜
分布：甜瓜(72%)，哈蜜瓜(28%)
→因产自意大利Cantalupo而得名。俗词源认为该地名来自cant, 唱，吟唱，-lupo, 狼，词源同wolf, 即狼出没之地。
US [-tˌə.loʊp/ (Australian also rockmelon)
noun countable or uncountable
■a type of melon (= large fruit with a thick skin) that is round and has yellow or green skin and sweet orange flesh 罗马甜瓜，哈密瓜
n. 哈密瓜；香瓜； [园艺] 罗马甜瓜
 - hami melon, honey-dew melon

Word: singularly
Front: singularly
[ˈsɪŋgjələli] (17633/14060)
Back: adv. 非常地; 格外地; 奇怪地; 异常地
分布：少见地(50%)，不可思议地(50%)
US [-lɚ-] adverb
NOTICEABLE 引人注意地
■to an unusual degree 特别地
• singularly beautiful 特别漂亮
• a singularly unattractive individual 特别不起眼的一个人
UK ['sɪŋ.gjʊ.lə.li] US [-lɚ-] adverb
STRANGE 奇怪的 formal
■strangely
adv. 异常地；非常地；令人无法理解地
 - considerably, exceptionally, remarkably

Word: demented
Front: demented
[dɪˈmentɪd] (宝 17632/15179 -1)
Vocabulary: demented
(once / 5325 pages)
adj
Demented is an adjective describing behavior that is crazy, unhinged, or insane. Someone is demented when they have gone off the deep end.
Demented literally means "suffering from dementia," although in current culture it is used quite often to tease a sibling or good friend: "My brother thinks I am demented because I like to eat peanut butter and salami sandwiches."
WORD FAMILY
demented: dementedly, dementedness
USAGE EXAMPLES
So, while you laugh at their demented antics, you find yourself watching them with a special tenderness.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
“If he’s not able to immediately denounce that kind of demented story, there’s something wrong and we need to examine his suitability for public office.”
Time(Dec 08, 2016)
Over the next few years, she became deeply paranoid, suicidal and appeared to be demented.
Washington Post(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: adj. 疯狂的，精神错乱的
v. 精神错乱，变得痴呆（dement的过去分词）
分布：发狂的(100%)
→de-, 向下，离开。-ment, 思想，词源同mind. 指思想偏离正轨的，发狂的。
失去理智的(de去掉+ment+ed→去掉心智)[ment=mind,表示"思考,神智"]
【记】de去掉，ment理智一去掉理智－疯狂的de向下，ment闷他：把他闷在地下室里背3个月GRE－疯狂的
US [-tˌɪd] adjective
■unable to think or act clearly because you are extremely worried, angry or excited by something 忧虑失常的；疯狂的；昏了头的，懵了的
• She was nearly demented with worry when her son didn't come home. 当发现儿子没有回家时，她几乎要急疯了。
■old-fashioned or informal
■mentally ill 精神错乱的，精神不正常的
• The man is demented - he's going to wreck the whole operation. 那个人精神不正常——他会毁了整个行动。
adj. 发狂的，疯狂的；精神错乱的
 - crazy, possessed, mad

Word: lope
Front: lope
[ləʊp] (宝 17601/26570)
Vocabulary: lope
(once / 3080 pages)
vn
Some words are fun to say: lope is one of them. It's also fun to think about, as it means to move with a casual, striding gait. Imagine a horse cantering along with an easy lope. A pleasant image indeed.
Before 1825, the meaning of lope was in the line of a leap or springy jump. This comes from the Old Norse word hlaupa, which sounds like its English meaning, "to leap." This is similar to the Old Dutch lopen, "to run," and the Old English hlēapan, "leap," as well as the Scots loup, all related to the modern meaning: a long, striding gait with a little bounce to it.
WORD FAMILY
lope: loped, lopes, loping
USAGE EXAMPLES
The players put fists together, chanted, “Share sugar!” and loped onto the floor.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
It’s as simple as Lopes asking Walker to “pass the salt” at the next holiday meal.
Seattle Times(Dec 18, 2016)
It included the moment when Lopes told her to “get a broom and sweep the floor”.
The Guardian(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: vi. （尤指动物）轻跳着奔跑
n. 大步慢跑
时态：loped, loping, lopes
分布：大步慢跑(100%)
→词源同leap,跑，跳，该词主要见于elope,跑掉，私奔。
【记】先记住elope（v 私奔）：e出，lope读：落魄－一出去就落魄了，所以不要私奔，再记住lope有走的意思，所以lope是慢跑。
【区】lobe（n 耳垂）
US [loʊp] verb intransitive
■(of a person or animal) to run taking long relaxed steps （人或动物轻松地））大步跑，大步跳跃
• The lion loped across the grass. 狮子大步跳跃着跑过了草地。

Word: forty-seven
Front: forty-seven
None None
Back: 四十七
分布：四十七(100%)

Word: antebellum
Front: antebellum
[ˌæntiˈbeləm] (17596/-)
Vocabulary: antebellum
(once / 29475 pages)
adj
Use the adjective antebellum to describe something that happened before the American Civil War. You could talk about touring a historic antebellum plantation house in Georgia, for example.
When historians describe the time before the Civil War, they call it "the antebellum period." The southern United States at that time is often called "the antebellum South." You might describe a plantation, an antique dress, or other artifacts of that historical period as antebellum. Officially, the word antebellum can describe the time just before any war, but it's usually used in reference to the Civil War. It comes from the Latin phrase ante bellum, literally "before the war."
WORD FAMILY
antebellum
USAGE EXAMPLES
The hotel, built in 1837, is the only surviving riverfront antebellum hotel in the Southeast, according to the Alabama Department of Tourism’s websites.
Seattle Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Chapter three, titled “The Planter,” deals with the other key actors of the antebellum economy: The slave-owning class itself.
Slate(Dec 07, 2016)
This passage too, from the first chapter, illustrates something very important about the relationship of black labor to white labor in antebellum America.
Slate(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. （美国南北）战争前的
分布：形容词(100%)
→前缀ante-, 在前。词根bell, 战争，见Bellona，罗马神话中司战女神。
US [-tˌə-] mainly US
adjective [before noun]
■relating to the time before a war, especially the American Civil War 战前的；尤指美国内战之前的
• Many homes and churches of the antebellum South can still be visited today. 在美国南部，许多南北战争之前修建的民宅和教堂现在仍可接待游人参观。

Word: exterminate
Front: exterminate
[ɪkˈstɜ:mɪneɪt] (托雅宝 17637/20277 -1)
Vocabulary: exterminate
(once / 1042 pages)
v
If your house becomes infested with cockroaches, mice, or even ants, you might have to exterminate them. It is certainly not a pleasant process, but often quite necessary.
To exterminate means "to kill off or destroy completely." Notice that it includes the word terminate which means, “to end.” It is usually used in reference to insects or rodents, but also unfortunately in reference to people or groups of people. It is just a coincidence that this verb shares a syllable with termite — a bug that often has to be exterminated before it eats through the wood of your home.
WORD FAMILY
exterminate: exterminable, exterminated, exterminates, exterminating, extermination, exterminator+/exterminable: inexterminable/ extermination: exterminations/exterminator: exterminators
USAGE EXAMPLES
When you say exterminate, do you mean we should kill Muslims living in America?
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
But how else are Jews to face the fact that all our festivals commemorate attempts to exterminate us?
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
And the prime minister did not “threaten to exterminate” Mr Johnson.
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: vt. 消灭; 根除
时态：exterminated, exterminating, exterminates
分布：消灭(71%)，扑灭(17%)，根绝(12%)
→ex-, 向外。-term, 界限，终端，词源同term, terminal. 即赶到界限外面，根除。
消灭,根绝(ex出+termin+ate→从界限中弄出来→根绝掉)[termin=limit,表示"界限"]
【记】ex出，termin界限，范围，结束－从生存界限中出去＝使结束－灭绝
【参】terminate（v 结束；终止）；terminus（n 终点；终点站）
US [-'stɝ:-] verb transitive
■to kill all the animals or people in a particular place or of a particular type 根除；灭绝；消灭
• Once cockroaches get into a building, it's very difficult to exterminate them. 一旦屋里有了蟑螂，就很难彻底消灭。
• Millions of Jewish people were exterminated in concentration camps in the Second World War. 二战期间，几百万犹太人在集中营被集体屠杀。
destroy, extinguish, exterminate
这组词都有“消灭”的意思，其区别是：
destroy: 指通过杀戮或终止某人某物的机能，使之无用或毁灭。
extinguish: 原义指灭火，转义后暗示生命、希望等像火一样地消灭、熄灭。
exterminate: 指大量地、成批地杀害、消灭。
vt. 消灭；根除
 - destroy, kill off

Word: soundbite
Front: soundbite
['saʊndbaɪt] (17563/-)
Back: n. （通常指新闻节目中引自政客演讲的）简短引述，原话片段
分布：摘录(100%)
noun countable
■a short sentence or phrase that is easy to remember, often included in a speech made by a politician and repeated in newspapers and on television and radio （政治家演讲中被新闻报导反覆引用的）讲话片段，妙语
• Most politicians want to master the art of the soundbite. 大多数政治家都想学会在演说时言简意赅，使人过耳不忘。
n. 一小段话；摘录
 - extract, cento

Word: cobbler
Front: cobbler
[ˈkɒblə(r)] (宝 17611/15318)
Vocabulary: cobbler
(once / 1955 pages)
1n 2n 3n
A cobbler is someone who fixes shoes. A cobbler is also a type of fruit pie. Context is everything with this word! If you give a pie a broken shoe, don’t expect results.
Cobblers mend shoes. If your heel is falling off or there’s a rip in your shoe, a cobbler can help you out. These days, people are more likely to buy a new pair of shoes than fix an old one, but cobblers used to be very common. A cobbler is also a delicious pie with rich biscuit dough on top and fruit underneath. Apple cobbler and peach cobbler are extra yummy with ice cream on top.
WORD FAMILY
cobbler: cobblers+/cobble: cobbled, cobbler, cobbles, cobbling
USAGE EXAMPLES
His father worked as a shoe cobbler and candy maker.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 30, 2016)
On Thursday - a regular workday for the crew - Kimbrough will warm up pouches of sliced turkey, candied yams, and cherry and blueberry cobbler.
Washington Times(Nov 22, 2016)
On Thursday — a regular workday for the crew — Kimbrough will warm up pouches of sliced turkey, candied yams, and cherry and blueberry cobbler.
Seattle Times(Nov 22, 2016)
Back: n. 酥皮水果馅饼; 修鞋匠; 胡说; 废话
分布：补鞋匠(80%)，脆皮水果馅饼(20%)
【记】想象在修鞋的时候，把cob玉米棒子垫到鞋里。
【参】cobble（v 修；n 鹅卵石）；coddle（v 娇养，溺爱）
US ['kɑ:.blɚ] noun
JOB 职业
countable
■a person who repairs shoes 修鞋匠；鞋匠
UK ['kɒb.lər] US ['kɑ:.blɚ] noun
NONSENSE 胡言乱语
cobblers UK slang
uncountable
■nonsense or lies 胡言乱语，蠢话；假话，谎话
• a load of old cobblers 一派胡言
n. 补鞋匠；工匠；冷饮料；脆皮水果馅饼
 - craftsman, workman

Word: profane
Front: profane
[prəˈfeɪn] (托雅宝 17638/21926)
Vocabulary: profane
(once / 535 pages)
adjv
Profane language is the kind that gets bleeped on TV. The word profane can also describe behavior that's deeply offensive because it shows a lack of respect, especially for someone's religious beliefs.
The Latin root profanus means "unholy," and that's where it all started. If you take the Lord's name in vain, you've profaned Him and probably made your religious mom pretty angry too. Don't even try the profane curse words so vital to a truly great hip-hop track but perhaps not recommended for dinner with Grandma.
WORD FAMILY
profane: profanation, profanatory, profaned, profanely, profaneness, profaner, profanes, profanest, profaning, profanity +/profanation: profanations/ profanity: profanities
USAGE EXAMPLES
But it wasn’t the bad calls that led to a profane rant by Durant after practice on Tuesday.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
They also said that drunken bar patrons are stumbling around homes, using profane language and getting into fights.
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Before the game, he was fined by the Kings for his profane tirade toward a reporter after a game last week.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 不敬（神）的; 渎神的; 亵渎的; 世俗的
vt. 不敬；亵渎，玷污
n. 未受秘传的人
时态：profaned, profaning, profanes
分布：亵渎(37%)，世俗的(30%)，亵渎的(20%)，玷污(10%)，不敬神的(3%)
→来自拉丁语profanus,世俗的，不敬神的，来自pro,在前面，fano,庙宇，神庙，词源同festival,theist.字面意思即在庙前面的，引申词义过庙不拜的人或不允许进庙的人。后用于动词词义亵渎神灵，亵渎等。
【记】pro前，fane（n 神庙）－在神庙前做坏事－亵渎pro前，fan犯，e：在神的面前犯错误－亵渎
【反】revere（v 尊敬）；treat reverently（虔诚的对待）；inviolable（adj 神圣的）；profaned－unviolated（adj 未被违反的）
[prə'feɪn] formal
adjective
AGAINST RELIGION 反对宗教
■showing no respect for a god or a religion, often through language 亵渎的，渎神的
• profane language 亵渎的语言
• Funny, profane and fearless, she has become one of America's biggest television celebrities. 她因滑稽、不敬神明和无所顾忌成为美国最出名的电视名人之一。
[prə'feɪn] formal
adjective
NOT SPIRITUAL 非精神的
■not connected with religion or spiritual matters; secular 非宗教的，世俗的
• sacred and profane art 宗教艺术和世俗艺术
adj. 亵渎的；世俗的；异教的
 - lay, mundane
vt. 亵渎；玷污
 - cloud, unhallow

Word: fibrosis
Front: fibrosis
[faɪ'brəʊsɪs] (17591/13414)
Back: n. 纤维化，纤维症
分布：纤维症(100%)
n. [医] [病理] 纤维化，纤维变性
 - fibering

Word: favoritism
Front: favoritism
['feɪvərɪtɪzəm] (17614/-)
Vocabulary: favoritism
(once / 9242 pages)
n
A teacher who shows a clear preference for a particular student might be accused of favoritism, or favoring one person over others.
The noun favoritism can simply describe the habit of preferring one particular person or group of people, but it often implies that it's done at the expense of other people. Your grandmother practices favoritism if she clearly likes one of her grandchildren best, and a politician is guilty of favoritism if she gives tax breaks to one group but not to others. The word favorite is at the root of favoritism, from the Latin root favere, "to show kindness to."
WORD FAMILY
favoritism: favoritisms+/ favorite: favorites, favoritism
USAGE EXAMPLES
“There are individuals who try to seek favoritism, who want to bring something good to the czar.”
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Trump campaigned on the theme of remaking Washington by “draining the swamp” of pay-to-play corporate favoritism and cronyism.
Salon(Dec 25, 2016)
Infrastructure projects selected in the traditional way, by governments, are chosen based on public benefits, the community’s ability to pay—and sometimes crass political favoritism.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 偏爱，得宠，偏袒
分布：偏袒(47%)，偏爱(42%)，不公平(11%)
n. 偏袒；得宠
 - partial to, partiality

Word: daydream
Front: daydream
[ˈdeɪdri:m] (16376/24655 -1)
Vocabulary: daydream
(once / 8921 pages)
nv
A daydream is a fantasy you have while you're awake. Daydreams are pleasant, and they can be so absorbing that they distract you from what's going on around you.
You might have a daydream about moving to a big city, or about how you'd spend your millions if you won the lottery. To do this — dream, muse, or fantasize — is also to daydream. Your math teacher might scold you, saying, "You can't daydream in the middle of the calculus final!" The word dates from the 17th century.
WORD FAMILY
daydream: daydreamed, daydreamer, daydreaming, daydreams+/daydreamer: daydreamers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The first scenario seems realistic, whereas the second seems like a lovely daydream.
Salon(Jan 01, 2017)
As I pondered the stakes of this new kind of labor, the conference room groaned, interrupting the daydream.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
The two donated a Google Pixel Android phone and a Google Daydream headset to the Pioneers’ Home.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 白日梦; 幻想，空想
vi. 做白日梦
时态：daydreamed, day-dreamed, daydreaming, daydreams'
分布：白日梦(60%)，幻想(23%)，做白日梦(17%)
noun countable usually singular
■a set of pleasant thoughts about something you would prefer to be doing or something you would like to achieve in the future 美梦，幻想，白日梦
• He never paid attention in class and seemed to be in a permanent daydream. 他在课堂上总是集中不了注意力，好像一直在做白日梦似的。
• I was just enjoying a daydream about winning the Nobel Prize for literature. 我只不过在幻想着自己获得了诺贝尔文学奖。
vi. 做白日梦
 - chase the rainbows
n. 白日梦
 - Day Dreaming, fantasy

Word: pudgy
Front: pudgy
[ˈpʌdʒi] (17605/37176)
Vocabulary: pudgy
(once / 8485 pages)
adj
To be pudgy is to be a chubby and short. Baby piglets are sometimes pudgy, but not the runts. Pudgy can describe body parts, too, like a baby’s pudgy cheeks.
The word pudge is a short, thick person. Make it an adjective and pudgy describes the same qualities. When you're pudgy, you're a little overweight and short. Many children are pudgy, though they usually outgrow the baby fat. Being pudgy is often associated with being cute. For example, bulldogs and pugs are pudgy dogs — they have squat, round bodies that are adorable. This is a gentle word; you probably wouldn't call someone obese pudgy.
WORD FAMILY
pudgy: pudgier, pudgily, pudginess+/pudge: pudges, pudgy
USAGE EXAMPLES
Maybe it’s the illustrations, simple black-and-white line drawings of slightly pudgy people in baggy T-shirts and pants doing really simple maneuvers.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Rasel, curly-haired and slightly pudgy, lived with his family in a two-room mud house on a plot shared with his uncles and cousins.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
The pudgy boy turned to me as I craned my neck.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. 矮胖的; 矮墩墩; 胖乎乎
级别：pudgier, pudgiest
分布：矮胖的(100%)
→词源可能同pudding,布丁，香肠。即像香肠一样的，微胖的。
['pʌdʒ.i] mainly US
adjective
■short and fat 矮胖的，圆胖的
• I was a pudgy child. 我小时候矮矮胖胖的。
adj. 矮胖的；短而粗的
 - podgy, squatty

Word: blithely
Front: blithely
['blaɪðlɪ] (17644/20183)
Vocabulary: blithely
(once / 4052 pages)
adv
The adverb blithely describes something you do in a casually cheerful, somewhat neglectful way, like when you blithely ride your bike down the street, not even thinking about all the homework you have to do.
Something that's done blithely is careless, like a group of kids blithely dashing off across a frozen pond on their ice skates, forgetting about their slower friend. You could talk blithely about your brand new laptop, forgetting that your friend can't afford a new computer. Blithely also means "happily," without implying that anything is being overlooked or ignored, like a winning team blithely celebrating their victory.
WORD FAMILY
blithe: blithely, blitheness, blithesome, blithest+/ blithesome: blithesomely, blithesomest
USAGE EXAMPLES
The show dwelled on the diversity complaints aired through #OscarsSoWhite, yet blithely mocked Asian-Americans with punch lines that banked on Asian stereotypes.
New York Times(May 25, 2016)
Mr. Fils said well-educated city dwellers deepen rural resentments by blithely portraying the countryside as a place of backwardness.
New York Times(Dec 06, 2016)
Indians were among many shocked by Trump’s blithely friendly tone with Pakistan’s Sharif.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 03, 2016)
Back: adv. 欢乐地，快活地，无挂虑地
分布：愉快地(67%)，无挂虑地(33%)
ADJ-GRADED
轻率的；欠考虑的；漫不经心的
You use blithe to indicate that something is done casually, without serious or careful thought.
例：It does so with blithe disregard for best scientific practice.没有考虑最科学的做法就轻率地这么做了。
ADJ-GRADED
无忧无虑的；快乐无忧的
Someone who is blithe is cheerful and has no serious problems.
例：She said 'hi' with the blithe assurance of someone who knew how much she'd been missed.她高兴地说了声“嗨”，好像确信大家非常想念她似的。
adv. 快活地；无忧无虑地
 - sunnily, bonnily

Word: bawl
Front: bawl
[bɔ:l] (宝 17618/15760 -1)
Vocabulary: bawl
(once / 1686 pages)
v
To bawl is to weep or wail loudly. If you tend to bawl at sad movies, you might want to bring some tissues for wiping your tears and blowing your nose.
If a baby bawls all night, he doesn't just cry — he sobs and howls. You can also use the verb to talk about other loud sounds, like shouts: "He bawls out orders while we stand there, confused," or even amusement: "She bawls with laughter all through the woman's strange speech." In the 15th century, to bawl was to "bark like a dog," from the Old Norse baula, "to low or moo like a cow."
WORD FAMILY
bawl: bawled, bawler, bawling, bawls+/bawler: bawlers/bawling: bawlings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Put it on, orchestrate a big group hug, bawl together, and then put on some Prince and honor his memory with a dance party.
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
“That Wednesday, patients were bawling in the waiting room,” Davis told me.
The New Yorker(Nov 23, 2016)
I was watching people in the Javits Center on election night who were literally falling into each other’s arms bawling.
The Guardian(Nov 22, 2016)
Back: vi. 大叫，大喊; 嚎啕大哭
vt. 大声叫出; 大声宣布; 叫卖（货物）
n. 哭声; 叫喊声
时态：bawled, bawling, bawls
分布：大叫(35%)，放声痛哭(23%)，叫骂声(19%)，大哭(14%)，大声训斥(9%)
【记】b读：被，awl（n 尖钻）－被尖钻戳到而大喊
US [bɑ:l] verb intransitive or transitive
SHOUT 喊
■to shout in a very loud voice 喊，叫，咆哮
• She bawled at me to sit down. 她大声地叫我坐下。
UK [bɔ:l] US [bɑ:l] verb intransitive or transitive
CRY 哭
■to cry loudly 放声痛哭
• He was bawling his eyes out. 他放声痛哭。
UK [bɔ:l] US [bɑ:l] verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] bawl sb out US informal
■to tell someone angrily that something they have done is wrong 责骂，怒斥
• He's always bawling out people in meetings. 他总是在会上训斥别人。
vi. 大叫；放声痛哭
 - scream out, shout out
vt. 大声叫出；大声宣布；叫卖
 - peddle

Word: buffer
Front: buffer
[ˈbʌfə(r)] (宝 8759/6531 -1)
Vocabulary: buffer
(once / 4519 pages)
1vn 2n 3nv 4n
A buffer is an object that either softens a blow like a fender, or helps buff or shine stuff, like a nail buffer.
Buffer comes from the Old French buff, a word that imitates the sound of a blow to a soft body. A person can also be a buffer if she keeps people prone to fighting from coming in contact or hurting each other, like a teacher who separates two rowdy kids at the lunch table. A buffer state is a country between two conflicting ones that helps them better get along by creating a buffer between them — like Mongolia is for China and Russia.
WORD FAMILY
buffer: buffered, buffering, buffers+/ buff: buff-colored, buffed, buffer, buffest, buffing, buffly, buffs, rebuff / rebuff: rebuffed, rebuffing, rebuffs
USAGE EXAMPLES
While there is wide support for the concept of buffers, county officials contend there is confusion and questions about the law.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The banks were stuck as they tried to maintain a fine balance between profit growth, regulatory capital buffers and net interest margins.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
In India, agricultural expansion would force crops into habitats like wetlands that act as important buffers against flooding and sea-level rise.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 缓冲器; 起缓冲作用的人（或物）; [化]缓冲液，缓冲剂; [计]缓冲区
vt. 缓冲; [化]把缓冲液加入（溶液）
时态：buffered, buffering, buffers
分布：缓冲(98%)，减轻(1%)，老朽(1%)
→拟声词，模仿物体撞击护垫的声音。
US [-ɚ] noun
PROTECTION 保护
countable
■something or someone that helps protect from harm 缓冲物；起缓冲作用的人
• I bought a house as a buffer against inflation. 我买了一幢房子以缓解通货膨胀带来的影响。
countable
■the protective metal parts at the front and back of a train or at the end of a track, that reduce damage if the train hits something （火车的首尾或轨道末端的）减震器，缓冲器
countable or uncountable
■a chemical that keeps a liquid from becoming more or less acidic (= containing acid) 缓冲剂
UK ['bʌf.ər] US [-ɚ] noun
MAN 人
countable UK old-fashioned
■a silly old man 老古板
• Silly old buffer! 愚蠢的老古板！
UK ['bʌf.ər] US [-ɚ] verb transitive
■to provide protection against harm 保护，使不受伤害
n. [机] [车辆] [助剂] 缓冲区； [计] 缓冲器，减震器
 - dashpot, oscillation absorber

Word: unseat
Front: unseat
[ˌʌnˈsi:t] (17642/20545 -1)
Back: vt. 从马上摔下; 把…从座位（尤其是马鞍）上移开; 降级，撤职，革除（职位）; 使失去资格
时态：unseated, unseating, unseats
分布：使……退职(100%)
verb transitive
POLITICIAN 政客
■to remove someone from power, especially as a result of an election （尤指透过选举）罢免，使下台
• The opposition candidate failed by only 39 votes to unseat the cabinet minister. 反对党候选人仅以39票之差而未能将这位内阁部长赶下台。
[ʌn'si:t] verb transitive
RIDER 骑手
■If a horse unseats its rider, it throws them from its back. 使从马上摔下
vt. 罢免；剥夺…的席位；使失去资格；使从座位上（或马背上）摔下
 - vote down, dethrone

Word: tranquilizer
Front: tranquilizer
['træŋkwɪlaɪzə] (17641/-)
Back: n. 镇静剂，止痛药; 增稳装置
分布：镇静剂(76%)，增稳装置(24%)
n. 镇定剂；使镇定的人或物
 - downer

Word: filtering
Front: filtering
['fɪltərɪŋ] (17634/22585)
Back: n. 过滤，滤除，滤清
v. 透过( filter的现在分词 ); （光或声）渗入; 缓行; （交通指示灯处的交通）仅可左转行驶
分布：过滤(98%)，过滤用的(1%)，动词filter的现在分词.(1%)
VERB
过滤
To filter a substance means to pass it through a device which is designed to remove certain particles contained in it.
例：The best prevention for cholera is to boil or filter water, and eat only well-cooked food.预防霍乱的最佳方法是将水煮沸或过滤，并且只食用煮熟后的食物。
N-COUNT
滤器;过滤器
A filter is a device through which a substance is passed when it is being filtered.
例：...a paper coffee filter.咖啡过滤纸
N-COUNT
滤声器;滤光器;滤波器
A filter is a device through which sound or light is passed and which blocks or reduces particular sound or light frequencies.
例：You might use a yellow filter to improve the clarity of a hazy horizon.可以使用黄色滤光器让模糊的视野更加清晰。
VERB
(光或声)隐约透过，缓缓传至
If light or sound filters into a place, it comes in weakly or slowly, either through a partly covered opening, or from a long distance away.
例：Light filtered into my kitchen through the soft, green shade of the cherry tree.光线透过樱桃树柔和的绿阴隐约照进我的厨房。
VERB
(消息等)走漏，慢慢传开
When news or information filters through to people, it gradually reaches them.
例：It took months before the findings began to filter through to the politicians...调查结果数月后才传到从政者的耳朵里。
例：News of the attack quickly filtered through the college.有关袭击的消息很快就在该学院中传开了。
N-COUNT
(路口的)转弯信号灯(或车道)
A traffic filter is a traffic signal or lane which controls the movement of traffic wanting to turn left or right.
PHRASAL VERB
滤除;滤掉
To filter out something from a substance or from light means to remove it by passing the substance or light through something acting as a filter.
例：Children should have glasses which filter out UV rays...儿童应该戴上滤除紫外线的眼镜。
例：Plants and trees filter carbon dioxide out of the air and produce oxygen.花草树木会过滤掉空气中的二氧化碳并制造氧气。

Word: tirelessly
Front: tirelessly
['taɪələslɪ] (17647/18837)
Back: adv. 不倦地
分布：不厌倦地(100%)
ADJ-GRADED
不知疲倦的;坚韧的
If you describe someone or their efforts as tireless, you approve of the fact that they put a lot of hard work into something, and refuse to give up or take a rest.
例：He was a tireless worker for justice.他是个为了正义不知疲倦地工作的人。
例：...Mother Teresa's tireless efforts to help the poor.德肋撒修女孜孜不倦帮助穷人的努力
adv. 不知疲倦地；不屈不挠地
 - unflaggingly, indefatigably

Word: Armenian
Front: Armenian
[ɑ:'mi:nɪən] (13376/17392)
Back: n. 亚美尼亚语；亚美尼亚人
adj. 亚美尼亚的；亚美尼亚人的
分布：亚美尼亚人(47%)，亚美尼亚语(21%)，亚美尼亚人的(16%)，亚美尼亚的(16%)
US [ɑ:r-] noun countable adjective
■Armenian 亚美尼亚人／亚美尼亚的

Word: gizmo
Front: gizmo
[ˈgɪzməʊ] (17646/42055)
Vocabulary: gizmo
(once / 29402 pages)
n
A gizmo is a device used for a specific job. A vacuum is a gizmo that cleans the floor.
While gizmo often means an unknown object — like a thingamajig — a gizmo is any device that gets a job done. A phone is a gizmo for talking to people. A stove is a gizmo that cooks food. A hammer is a gizmo that pounds in nails. Gizmos are all man-made: a plant or animal can't be a gizmo. If you want to be an inventor, come up with an original gizmo.
WORD FAMILY
gizmo: gizmos
USAGE EXAMPLES
It will be demoing the final design of a gizmo that lets you control smartphones and tablets with a wave of a hand.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
If his earliest poems were miniaturist, spring-loaded gizmos, then his hyper-allusive middle period is an A.I. that’s gained sentience, escaping its programmer’s control.
Slate(Dec 08, 2016)
I went to a tech show here the other day, full of gizmos and geeks.
BBC(Nov 19, 2016)
Back: n. 小发明
分布：小发明(56%)，小玩意儿(37%)，=gismo.(7%)
→词源不详，用来指各种叫不出名字的物体。比较gadget.
US [-moʊ]
noun countable informal
■any small device with a particular purpose 小装置；小玩意；小东西
• electronic gizmos 小电子装置

Word: dishonesty
Front: dishonesty
[dɪs'ɒnɪsti:] (17519/14433 -1)
Back: n. 不正直，不诚实; 狡猾，阴险; 不诚实的行为; 欺诈
分布：不诚实(99%)，不法行为(1%)
N-UNCOUNT
不诚实;欺诈
Dishonesty is dishonest behaviour.
例：She accused the government of dishonesty and incompetence.她指责政府不诚实且无能。
n. 不诚实；欺诈；不正直
 - deceitfulness, perfidy

Word: unkind
Front: unkind
[ˌʌnˈkaɪnd] (四六 17651/11556 -K1)
Back: adj. 不够和善的，不亲切的; 冷酷的; 无情的
分布：无情的(53%)，不和善的(34%)，不厚道的(13%)
adjective
 IMPROVER
■slightly cruel 刻薄的；不友善的；不客气的
• an unkind remark 刻薄的话
• It was unkind of you to take his rattle away. 你把他的拨浪鼓拿走太不友善了。
adj. 无情的；不仁慈的，不厚道的
 - relentless, ruthless

Word: superhero
Front: superhero
[ˈsu:pəhɪərəʊ] (17608/44528)
Back: n. 超级英雄
分布：超级英雄(100%)
→super-,超级，hero,英雄。
US ['su:.pɚ-] noun countable
■a character in a film or story who has special strength and uses it to do good things and help other people 超级英雄（电影或小说中的一个角色，有特殊的力量，并使用这种力量做好事而帮助其他人）
■someone who has done something very brave to help someone else 英雄（勇敢地做某事而帮助其他人的人）

Word: connote
Front: connote
[kəˈnəʊt] (17617/25336)
Vocabulary: connote
(once / 3727 pages)
v
Often your body language can connote or imply how you feel without you having to saying it directly. For example, if you fold your arms and look away from someone as he speaks to you, you are connoting your discomfort.
When you act a certain way to show how you feel rather than just outright saying it, you're connoting or suggesting that emotion. Words can often connote or suggest certain meanings or ideas. The word turbulent connotes the image of a bumpy ride on an airplane, for example. Connote is also used in formal logic. If A connotes B, then for A to be true, B has to also be true.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
connote / denote
Don't let the rhyme fool you — to connote is to imply a meaning or condition, and to denote is to define exactly. Connote is like giving a hint, but to denote is to refer to something outright.
To connote is to suggest a connection. The word red can connote danger; we use the color red in warning signs to signify danger. Only words and symbols can connote something; people imply it. Here are some hints:
The "Good Old Days" connote a fond remembrance of better times in the past. (Forbes)
"Dear is a bit too intimate and connotes a personal relationship," Ms Barry told the paper. (BBC)
The word red also denotes a color, and a blue wheelchair painted on a parking spot denotes handicap parking. A word's denotation is its literal meaning. You can also use denote to mean to indicate something or to be a sign of something:
With the meters no longer denoting each spot, drivers can fill up a parking lane as they see fit, whether efficiently or inconsiderately. (New York Times)
Blue colours denote wetter earth; yellow colours show drier conditions. (BBC)
According to Garner's Modern American Usage , use of connote for denote is at stage 3 of language change: it's common even among educated speakers and writers. To keep it straight remember that connote is like imply, and denote is telling you like it is.Musical notes denote sound. What's denote? It's a B-flat. Get it?
WORD FAMILY
connote: connotation, connotative, connoted, connotes, connoting+/ connotation: connotational, connotations/connotative: connotatively
USAGE EXAMPLES
Champagne is a remarkable food wine, excellent with much more than oysters and caviar, two traditional pairings that connote luxury.
Washington Post(Nov 17, 2016)
But these inferences are too facile, because some increases connote good news, while others do not.
New York Times(Nov 18, 2016)
Even their mode of creation — of plant matter decaying into crepuscular peat — seems to connote darkness and hostility to life.
New York Times(Nov 16, 2016)
Back: vt. 隐含，暗示，意味着
时态：connoted, connoting, connotes
分布：意味着(55%)，暗示(25%)，隐含(20%)
→con-, 强调。-note, 标记，备注。
VERB
(词或名字)隐含，暗示，使人联想到
If a word or name connotes something, it makes you think of a particular idea or quality.
例：The term 'organization' often connotes a sense of neatness. organization这个词常常让人想到整洁。
vt. 意味着；含言外之意
 - spell, portend

Word: chronicler
Front: chronicler
['krɒnɪklə(r)] (17530/16946)
Back: n. 年代记编（记录）者
分布：年代记编者(56%)，年代记录者(44%)
VERB
按时间顺序记述(或播放)
To chronicle a series of events means to write about them or show them in broadcasts in the order in which they happened.
例：The series chronicles the everyday adventures of two eternal bachelors.这个系列剧按照时间顺序记述了两个老光棍每天的奇遇。
N-COUNT
编年(史);大事年表
A chronicle is an account or record of a series of events.
例：...this vast chronicle of Napoleonic times.这套大部头的拿破仑时代编年史
N-IN-NAMES
(有时用于报纸名称中)
Chronicle is sometimes used as part of the name of a newspaper.
例：...the San Francisco Chronicle.《旧金山纪事报》

Word: chopsticks
Front: chopsticks
['tʃɒp.stɪk] (中高 17509/-)
Back: n. 筷子; 筷子( chopstick的名词复数 )
分布：名词(100%)
N-COUNT
筷子
Chopsticks are a pair of thin sticks which people in China and the Far East use to eat their food.

Word: speeding
Front: speeding
[ˈspi:dɪŋ] (17653/23300)
Back: n. 超速行驶
v. 急行，加速( speed的现在分词 ); 超速行驶; 快速运送; 加速，促进
分布：超速行驶(72%)，高速行驶的(28%)
noun uncountable
■driving faster than is allowed in a particular area 超速行驶
• She was fined for speeding last month. 她上个月因为超速驾车被罚了款。
v. 促进（speed的ing形式）
 - facilitating, pushing

Word: festoon
Front: festoon
[feˈstu:n] (17654/19308 -1)
Vocabulary: festoon
(once / 2553 pages)
nv
A festoon is a decorative string of flowers that you drape across a room, dropping in curves between support points. If you're decorating for Halloween, why not try a creatively spooky festoon of dried roses covered in cobwebs?
Festoon probably comes from the Italian word festone, for "feast," and if you can imagine an Italian courtyard strung up with flowers and lanterns, then you have a sense of what it means to festoon a place. A noun or a verb, festoon can mean the decoration itself, or the work of putting it up. Festoons don't strictly have to be made of flowers, though they usually are. You can festoon with fabric too, or paper chains. Or cobwebs.
WORD FAMILY
festoon: festooned, festoonery, festooning, festoons+/festoonery: festooneries
USAGE EXAMPLES
Tourists enjoying their breakfast looked down on fishing boats festooned with Christmas lights and bathed in unseasonally warm winter sunshine.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
The float will be festooned with thousands of flowers beneath a giant gold crown, which will serve as a makeshift altar for the ceremony.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
At the Palafox Hotel across the street, where rooms start at $12 dollars a night, the patio is festooned with drying laundry.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. [建]垂花饰; 花彩装饰物，彩旗
v. 给…结彩，在…饰以花彩; 使成花彩形
时态：festooned, festooning, festoons
分布：花彩(75%)，以花彩装饰(25%)
→来自feast, 节日，盛宴。-oon,大词后缀。引申词义张灯结彩。
张灯结彩(fest+oon表名词,如,cartoon漫画,(dalloon气球)[fest=feast,表示"节目"]
【记】源于feast（n 节日；盛宴）
verb transitive
■to decorate a room or other place for a special occasion by hanging coloured paper, lights or flowers around it, especially in curves 给…饰以花彩；结彩于
• The hall was festooned with Christmas lights and holly. 大厅里悬挂着圣诞彩灯和冬青枝。
[fes'tu:n] noun countable
■a decorative chain made of coloured paper, flowers, etc. hung in a curve between two points （彩纸、花等做成的）花彩

Word: willfully
Front: willfully
['wɪlfəlɪ] (17652/-)
Back: adv. 任性固执地; 蓄意地
分布：任性固执地(55%)，蓄意地(27%)，=wilfully.(18%)
adv. 故意地；任性固执地
 - deliberately, intentionally

Word: attainable
Front: attainable
[əˈteɪnəbl] (17650/18781)
Vocabulary: attainable
(once / 1720 pages)
adj
You can do it, no doubt about it. Yes, your goal is attainable: within reach and not too difficult to achieve.
Attainable has roots in Latin words that mean “to reach” and “to touch.” If you can reach it and you can touch it, you’ve practically got it, and it’s clearly attainable. The box on the top shelf is attainable once you get a chair to stand on. Saving enough money for a car is an attainable goal if you’ve got a job that pays well. Keep visiting this site and a good vocabulary is attainable — guaranteed.
WORD FAMILY
attainable: attainability, attainableness, unattainable +/ attain: attainable, attained, attaining, attainment, attains/ attainment: attainments/ unattainable: unattainableness, unattainably
USAGE EXAMPLES
Peace in the Middle East would be more attainable than getting that nose right.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
Her coach is Gregory Serper, a grandmaster, the highest title attainable other than world champion, and held for life.
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
That sounds more attainable than Carolina leapfrogging five teams to the front of the line for the final wild-card spot.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 可到达的，可得到的
分布：可达到的(72%)，可获得的(28%)
可达到的(attain+able→获得[tain,ten,tin=hold表示"拿住"]
formal
adjective
■possible to achieve 可以达到的；可以获得的
• We must ensure that we do not set ourselves goals that are not attainable. 我们切不可给自己定下一些无法实现的目标。
adj. 可得到的；可达到的；可到达的
 - visible, gainable

Word: horticultural
Front: horticultural
[ˌhɔ:tɪ'kʌltʃərəl] (17625/12543)
Vocabulary: horticultural
(once / 5007 pages)
adj
Did you know Memorial Day weekend is the biggest horticultural event of the year? It's the time many people plant their flower and vegetable gardens. The adjective horticultural describes anything related to gardening.
The Latin word for garden is hortus and cultura means "planting and cultivation." You might be familiar with the word horticulture as a formal way to describe the science of growing plants of all kinds. Horticultural is just the adjective form of that word. If you’re headed to a plant show over the weekend, to impress your gardening club you could say you are attending a horticultural event.
WORD FAMILY
horticultural: horticulturally+/ horticulture: horticultural, horticulturist/horticulturist: horticulturists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Ball, the chairman and CEO of W. Atlee Burpee Company, is a past president of the American Horticultural Society.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 26, 2016)
I hope he is right, though “dry gardening” may be a better contemporary term for this horticultural niche.
Washington Post(Nov 21, 2016)
Yet when he was 8, his mom bought him a set of horticultural encyclopedias, which he promptly memorized.
Seattle Times(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 园艺的
分布：园艺的(100%)
ADJ
园艺（学）的
Horticultural means concerned with horticulture.
例：...Monkton horticultural show.芒克顿园艺展览会

Word: unfairness
Front: unfairness
[ʌn'fɛənis] (17657/15688)
Back: [法] 不公平，不公正，不正当
分布：不公平(95%)，不正当(5%)
ADJ-GRADED
（行动或情形）不公正的，不公平的
An unfair action or situation is not right or fair.
例：She was awarded £5,000 in compensation for unfair dismissal...她获判5,000英镑，作为遭到无理解雇的补偿。
例：America decided that imported steel had an unfair advantage over steel made at home...美国认定进口钢铁相对于国产钢铁具有不公平的优势。
ADJ-GRADED
（制度或情形）不公平的，不平等的
An unfair system or situation does not give equal treatment or equal opportunities to everyone involved.
例：The American plane makers continue to accuse Airbus of unfair competition...美国飞机制造商继续指控空中客车公司不正当竞争。
例：Some have been sentenced to long prison terms after unfair trials.有些人被冤判长期徒刑。
n. 不公平，不公正；不正当
 - wrong, inequity

Word: bus
Front: bus
[bʌs] (中高雅 1453/1399 -K3)
Vocabulary: bus
(once / 476 pages)
1nv 2n 3v
A bus is a long vehicle with many seats. An elementary school student might save a seat on the school bus each morning for her best friend.
A city bus carries far more passengers than a private car, which makes it an efficient form of transportation. When bus is used as a verb, it means to transport by bus, sometimes in an effort to desegregate a school district: "The city will bus students from this neighborhood to the other side of town." It also means "to clear a table" in restaurant lingo, which is often done by a "bus boy" or a "busser."
WORD FAMILY
bus: bused, buses, busing, busses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Brewer criticized school busing, as did foes of desegregation, but he appeared moderate on race when compared with Wallace.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Tulsa police say a bus driver discovered the body of a man Sunday morning in a church parking lot.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The government plans to provide security for buses that will be used to shuttle passengers from Kaduna’s small airport to Abuja.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 公共汽车，巴士，客机; （口）汽车，机器脚踏车，飞机; [计]（电脑的）总线; [电]信息转移通路，悔流条，母线
vt. 用公共汽车运送
vi. 乘公共汽车; 打杂工
时态：bussed, bussing, busses
分布：公共汽车(78%)，乘公共汽车(16%)，总线(4%)，信息通路(1%)，用公共汽车运输(1%)
→截取自拉丁词omnibus, 为前缀omni- 的属格复数。原指一种四轮公共马车。
n.公共汽车,总线,信息通路On the bus the busy businessman did a business with the buyer.在公共汽车上,忙碌的商人与买主做了一笔生意.
noun countable (plural buses or US ALSO busses)
VEHICLE 车辆
 ESSENTIAL
■a large vehicle in which people are driven from one place to another 公车；大客车
• You should take the bus] go by bus (= travel by bus) if you want to see the sights. 如果你想看风景，应该乘公车去。
⇒ See also minibus;omnibus;trolleybus
[bʌs] noun countable (plural buses or US ALSO busses)
COMPUTER 电脑
■a set of wires in a computer along which data can be sent to and from other parts of the computer （电脑中的）汇流排（其各输出线路向电脑各零件传送资料）
[bʌs] verb transitive (-ss-, or US usually -s-)
■to take people somewhere by bus 用大客车运送
• Demonstrators were bussed in from all parts of the country to attend the protest rally. 示威者乘车从全国各地来参加抗议集会。
US
■to take children by bus to school in another area every day 用校车接送
car, bus, truck, lorry, coach, automobile, jeep, carriage, waggon
这些名词都与“车”有关。
car: 多指乘坐人的小汽车或轿车。
bus: 一般指公共汽车或大型客车。
truck: 与lorry同义，都指卡车或货车，前者为美国用词，后者用于英国。
coach: 原义指四轮马车，现指轿式汽车，长途公共汽车，还可指火车设有卧铺的车厢。
automobile: 是汽车的总称。
jeep: 吉普车，指一种小型轻便、适合在崎岖路面或野外使用的车子。
carriage: 指马车，两匹或两匹以上马拉的四轮马。
waggon: 指四轮运货马车或牛车，也指铁路的无盖货车。
n. [车辆] [公路] 公共汽车
 - motorcoach, autobus

Word: landlady
Front: landlady
[ˈlændleɪdi] (研四六雅 17554/10202 -1)
Back: n. 女房东; 女地主; （旅店或寄宿舍的）女店主
分布：女房东(100%)
→比喻用法。
n.女房东,女地主She is the landlady of this house.她是这座房子的女房东.
noun countable
OWNER 所有者
■a woman who is paid rent by people for the use of a room, building, or piece of land which she owns 女房东；女地主
['lændˌleɪ.di] noun countable
BAR MANAGER 酒吧经理
■a woman who is in charge of a pub or bar 酒吧女老板，酒馆女老板
n. 女房东；女地主；女店主
 - hostess

Word: big-name
Front: big-name
['bɪɡn'eɪm] None
Back: adj. 有名的，大名鼎鼎的，名人的
分布：大名鼎鼎的(100%)

Word: vex
Front: vex
[veks] (四六托雅宝 17663/19006)
Vocabulary: vex
(once / 282 pages)
v
If something vexes you, it brings you trouble or difficulty. In other words, it annoys, worries, distresses, irritates, bothers, or puzzles you.
Vex can be used as an adjective: for example, a vexing issue is not easily solved. The verb vex, the corresponding adjective vexatious, and the noun vexation are all slightly old-fashioned though still in current use. Vex descends from Middle English vexen, from Middle French vexer, from Latin vexare "to shake, attack, trouble."
WORD FAMILY
vex: vexation, vexed, vexer, vexes, vexing +/ vexation: vexations/ vexed: vexedly/vexer: vexers/ vexing: vexingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Each school received a starter kit and handbook to design and build one VEX brand robot.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
A trial judge’s work, he added, presents many vexing challenges.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Even now the question of why anyone would think he might agree to such a deal continues to vex him.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 使烦恼; 使苦恼; 使生气; 详细讨论
v. 〈诗〉使激荡，使汹涌; 纷纷议论; 长期争论
时态：vexed, vexing, vexes
分布：使恼怒(50%)，使困惑(20%)，使恼火(20%)，烦扰(10%)
→来自拉丁语vexo,摇晃，搅拌，来自gwog,摇动，转，词源同quake,引申义烦恼。
【反】conciliate（v 安慰）；pacify（v 使平静）；appease（v 平息）；soothe（v 使平静）；conciliate（v 安抚）；mollify（v 平息）
[veks] old-fashioned
verb transitive
■to cause difficulty to someone, or to cause someone to feel angry, annoyed or upset 给…惹麻烦；使恼火，使烦恼
• This issue looks likely to continue to vex the government. 这件事看来会继续使政府恼火。
vex, trouble, annoy, disturb, bother, irritate
这组词都有“使人不安或烦恼”的意思，其区别是：
vex: 侧重指因不断的干扰而引起的烦恼，有时含激怒的意味。
trouble: 指给人在行动上带来不便或在身心上造成痛苦。
annoy: 强调因被迫忍受令人不快、讨厌的事而失去平静或耐心，多指一时的打拢或恼怒。
disturb: 较正式用词，多用被动态。指拢乱，使人不能平静或妨碍别人工作、思维或正常秩序，是程度较深的烦恼。
bother: 指使人烦恼而引起的紧张不安或感到不耐烦。
irritate: 语气比annoy强得多，指激怒，使发怒，多指一种短时间的反应。
vt. 使烦恼；使困惑；使恼怒
 - trouble, irk
vi. 烦恼
 - trouble, worry, bother about

Word: whoop
Front: whoop
[wu:p] (17648/21170 -1)
Back: n. 大叫; 呐喊; 喘息声; 哮喘声
vi. 叫喊; 喘息; 高声说; 唤起
vt. 高声说，唤起
时态：whooped, whooping, whoops
分布：叫喊(55%)，喘息(30%)，喘息声(15%)
→拟声词。
verb intransitive
■to give a loud, excited shout, especially to show your enjoyment of or agreement with something （尤指为表示高兴或赞同而）呐喊，大叫
• The audience was whooping and clapping. 观众们在欢呼鼓掌。
⇒ See also whooping cough
[wu:p] verb intransitive
whoop it up informal
■to enjoy yourself in a noisy and excited way 狂欢，欢闹
[wu:p] noun countable
■a loud, excited shout, especially showing your enjoyment of or agreement with something （尤指表示高兴或赞同的）呐喊，大叫
• When the whoops and cheers had finally died down he started to speak. 当欢呼声平息下来的时候，他开始讲话。
n. 大叫；哮喘声；呐喊；一点点
 - little bit, just a little
vt. 高声说；唤起
 - call out, call forth
vi. 叫喊；喘息
 - catch one's breath, bawl out

Word: grotto
Front: grotto
[ˈgrɒtəʊ] (宝 17656/20055)
Vocabulary: grotto
(once / 1746 pages)
n
A grotto is a small cave, the kind of place where you feel comfortable, cozy, and protected from the harsh realities outside.
This word started in Greek (as the word that also gives us crypt), turned into Latin and then Italian, and finally landed in English in the 1600s as grotto. A grotto can be natural or manmade, but either way, it's a small cave or hidden room with cool and inviting features like a comfy floor or round walls. A grotto is a good place to read, write, or just hang out with friends, especially on a hot summer day.
WORD FAMILY
grotto: grottoes, grottos
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ripe dessert fruits were offered up in grottoes of palm and fern.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
The original grotto is being left to “rest” to find a natural balance.
The Guardian(Dec 03, 2016)
You can’t size up a new visage, yet the grottoes in your head have more to plumb if your sight was lost midlife or later.
New York Times(Nov 17, 2016)
Back: n. （吸引人的）岩洞，洞穴，（人挖的）洞室
分布：洞穴(77%)，岩穴(23%)
→词源同crypt, 隐藏。
【记】读：grow头，联想王八从它的壳里grow头出来，他的壳就有小洞穴。
US ['grɑ:.tˌoʊ] (plural grottoes or grottos)
noun countable
■a small cave, especially one that is made to look attractive 小洞穴；（尤指用于美化的）人工洞穴
n. 岩穴，洞穴；人工洞室
 - hole, cave

Word: unchanging
Front: unchanging
[ʌnˈtʃeɪndʒɪŋ] (17649/15244)
Back: adj. 不变的，恒常的
分布：不变的(100%)
ADJ-GRADED
永不改变的；恒定的
Something that is unchanging always stays the same.
例：...eternal and unchanging truths...永恒不变的真理
例：The ground beneath us, however, appears solid and unchanging.然而，我们脚下的地面却似乎是坚实而恒久不变的。
adj. 不变的
 - constant, permanent, steady

Word: alienating
Front: alienating
[ˈeiljəneitɪŋ] (17665/19638)
Back: v. 使疏远( alienate的现在分词 ); 使不友好; 转让; 让渡（财产等）
分布：离间(48%)，使疏远(29%)，让与(14%)，麻木(9%)
VERB
使疏远;使不友好
If you alienate someone, you make them become unfriendly or unsympathetic towards you.
例：The government cannot afford to alienate either group.疏远两个团体中的任何一方都是政府承受不起的。
VERB
（感情上、思想上）使疏远，离间
To alienate a person from someone or something that they are normally linked with means to cause them to be emotionally or intellectually separated from them.
例：His second wife, Alice, was determined to alienate him from his two boys.他的第二任妻子艾丽斯，决意要疏远他和两个儿子的感情。

Word: two-lane
Front: two-lane
['tu:l'eɪn] None
Back: 双车道
分布：双车道(100%)

Word: papa
Front: papa
[pəˈpɑ:] (15608/9280 -1)
Back: n. <儿>爸爸
分布：名词(100%)
→来自拉丁语papa,爸爸，儿语词，词源同father,pope.引申词义教皇。
US ['pɑ:.pə] UK old-fashioned formal or US informal
noun countable
■father 爸爸
• [as form of address] "Why is the sky blue, Papa?" she asked. “天空为甚么是蓝的，爸爸？”她问道。
n. 爸爸（儿语，等于poppa）
 - dad, father, daddy, pa, da

Word: dotted
Front: dotted
[ˈdɒtɪd] (17668/15229 -1)
Back: adj. 有点的，星罗棋布的
v. 点缀(dot的过去式和过去分词); 布满; （口）打，击（某人）; 以小圆点标出（某物）
分布：星罗棋布的(44%)，有点的(32%)，点线的(16%)，动词dot的过去式和过去分词.(8%)
ADJ
由点组成的
A dotted line is a line which is made of a row of dots.
例：Cut along the dotted line.沿虚线裁开。
ADJ
遍布的;布满的
If a place or object is dotted with things, it has many of those things scattered over its surface.
例：The maps were dotted with the names of small towns.地图上散布着小城镇的名字。
例：...a pond that's dotted with water lilies.开满睡莲的池塘
ADJ
散布的;遍布的
If things are dotted around a place, they can be found in many different parts of that place.
例：Many pieces of sculpture are dotted around the house.多件雕塑作品散落在房子各处。
ADJ
遍布大圆点的
You use dotted to describe something that is covered with large dots.
例：...a dotted bow tie.大圆点蝶形领结
adj. 星罗棋布的；有点的
 - star-studded

Word: reincarnation
Front: reincarnation
[ˌri:ɪnkɑ:ˈneɪʃn] (17658/20051 -1)
Vocabulary: reincarnation
(once / 6118 pages)
n
If you believe in reincarnation, you believe that after death a person's soul is reborn in another body. Certain religions hold this belief as a central tenet, including Hinduism and Buddhism.
The noun reincarnation comes from the Latin roots re, meaning again, and incarnare, meaning to make flesh. The word reincarnation does not have to be a literal rebirth, however. The term can be used to mean a more figurative reinvention or rebirth. Your dad may have spent twenty years of his life working as a stockbroker, but after he reinvented himself, you'd be proud of his reincarnation as a math teacher.
WORD FAMILY
reincarnation: reincarnationism, reincarnations+/disincarnate: disincarnated/ incarnate: disincarnate, incarnated, incarnates, incarnating, incarnation, reincarnate/ incarnation: incarnations/reincarnate: reincarnated, reincarnates, reincarnating, reincarnation
USAGE EXAMPLES
“On the one side, people are very familiar with Hindu concepts like karma or reincarnation” and practices like yoga, she said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Both tunes are differing meditations on themes of reincarnation and the afterlife.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
What is of more concern than a reincarnation of NSEERS or some similar program is the question of how such programs would be implemented.
Salon(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: n. 再投胎; 再生; 化身而成的生物; 再体现
分布：转世(75%)，再生(25%)
US [-kɑ:r-] noun
uncountable
■the belief that a dead person's spirit returns to life in another body 轮回转世说
• Hindus and Buddhists believe in reincarnation. 印度教徒和佛教徒相信轮回转世说。
countable
■a person or animal in whose body a dead person's spirit returns to life （灵魂的）转世化身，化身
• He believes he's a reincarnation of Julius Caesar. 他认为自己是尤利乌斯．凯撒再生。
n. 再生；化身
 - picture, regeneration, breeding, pink, rebirth

Word: feared
Front: feared
[fiəd] (17669/19381)
Back: v. 畏惧( fear的过去式和过去分词 ); 为…忧虑（或担心、焦虑）; 敬畏（神等）; 感到害怕
分布：恐惧(38%)，害怕(32%)，担心(30%)
N-VAR
恐惧;惧怕
Fear is the unpleasant feeling you have when you think that you are in danger.
例：I was sitting on the floor shivering with fear.我坐在地板上，吓得发抖。
例：...boyhood memories of sickness and fear of the dark...儿时记忆中的病痛和对黑暗的恐惧
VERB
害怕;惧怕
If you fear someone or something, you are frightened because you think that they will harm you.
例：Many people fear change because they do not like the old ways to be disrupted.很多人惧怕变化，因为他们不喜欢旧有的生活方式遭到破坏。
N-VAR
担心;担忧;忧心
A fear is a thought that something unpleasant might happen or might have happened.
例：These youngsters are motivated not by a desire to achieve, but by fear of failure...激发这些年轻人的不是对成就的渴望，而是对失败的担心。
例：Then one day his worst fears were confirmed...后来有一天，他最担心的事终于发生了。
VERB
担心;担忧;忧虑
If you fear something unpleasant or undesirable, you are worried that it might happen or might have happened.
例：She had feared she was going down with pneumonia or bronchitis...她担心会得肺炎或支气管炎。
例：More than two million refugees have fled the area, fearing attack by loyalist forces.两百多万难民担心受到效忠旧政府的势力的攻击而逃离该地区。
N-VAR
(坏事发生的)可能性，机会，几率
If you say that there is a fear that something unpleasant or undesirable will happen, you mean that you think it is possible or likely.
例：There was no fear that anything would be misunderstood...并无引起误会的可能性。
例：There is a fear that the freeze on bank accounts could prove a lasting deterrent to investors.人们担心冻结银行账户可能会长期阻碍投资。
VERB
(替…)担心;(为…)担忧
If you fear for someone or something, you are very worried because you think that they might be in danger.
例：Carla fears for her son...卡拉为儿子担心。
例：He fled on Friday, saying he feared for his life.他星期五逃走了，说是担心自己有生命危险。
N-VAR
担心;担忧
If you have fears for someone or something, you are very worried because you think that they might be in danger.
例：He also spoke of his fears for the future of his country's culture.他也谈到了对祖国文化前途的担忧。
例：...fear for her own safety.对她自己安全的担心
VERB
害怕做;不愿做
If you fear to do something, you are afraid to do it or you do not wish to do it.
例：She pursed her lips together, as though fearing to betray her news...她闭紧双唇，仿佛害怕透露出她的消息。
例：Old people fear to leave their homes.老年人都不愿背井离乡。
VERB
恐怕
You say that you fear that a situation is the case when the situation is unpleasant or undesirable, and when you want to express sympathy, sorrow, or regret about it.
例：I fear that a land war now looks very probable...恐怕陆地战爆发的可能性很大。
例：'Is anything left at all?' — 'I fear not.'“留下什么东西了吗?” ——“恐怕没有。”
PHRASE
在对…的担心之中;在对…的恐惧之中
If you are in fear of doing or experiencing something unpleasant or undesirable, you are very worried that you might have to do it or experience it.
例：The elderly live in fear of assault and murder.老人们生活在对袭击和谋杀的恐惧之中。
PHRASE
以免;免得
If you take a particular course of action for fear of something, you take the action in order to prevent that thing happening.
例：She was afraid to say anything to them for fear of hurting their feelings...她什么都不敢对他们说，以免伤害他们的感情。
例：No one dared shoot for fear of hitting Pete.没人敢开枪，怕伤着皮特。
PHRASE
别担心;不用怕
You say 'fear not' or 'never fear' to someone when you are telling them not to worry or be frightened.
例：Fear not, Darlene will protect me...别担心，达琳会保护我的。
例：You'll get the right training, never fear.你会受到正规训练的，别担心。
CONVENTION
绝对不;当然不
You use 'no fear' to emphasize that you do not want to do something.
例：When I asked him if he wanted to change his mind, William said 'No fear.'我问威廉是否想改主意，他说：“绝不会。”
PHRASE
故意吓唬;故意使…担心
If someone or something puts the fear of God into you, they frighten or worry you, often deliberately.
例：At some time or other Eve had obviously put the fear of God into her.显然伊芙时不时有意吓唬她一下。

Word: sicken
Front: sicken
[ˈsɪkən] (托雅 17670/19927 -1)
Vocabulary: sicken
(once / 809 pages)
v
Things that sicken you make you feel upset or ill. It might sicken you to realize that you've hit a squirrel with your car.
When things sicken you, they either make you feel terrible — disgusted or horrified — or they make you physically sick. Eating a piece of moldy bread or some potato salad that's been sitting in the sun too long will probably sicken you. Reading a story about childhood hunger and poverty in the newspaper can also sicken you. The earliest meaning of sicken was "fall ill," from an Old English root, seoc, "ill, diseased, weak, or troubled."
WORD FAMILY
sicken: sickened, sickening, sickens+/ sick: sicked, sicken, sicker, sickest, sicking, sickish, sickness, sicks/sickening: sickeningly, sickeningness/sickish: sickishly/sickness: sicknesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
“That is the way they carry themselves. That is the way they act. It’s sickening.”
Washington Post(Nov 30, 2016)
Locals say that the burning sickens entire villages with respiratory illnesses, and water that runs off the contaminated hillsides kills vegetation.
Nature(Nov 29, 2016)
The accolades that western leaders and pseudo-intellectuals are heaping on this despot are sickening.
The Guardian(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 使生病; 使厌恶，使恶心; 患病
vi. 生病; 变厌腻
时态：sickened, sickening, sickens
分布：生病(50%)，使厌倦(21%)，恶心(16%)，患病(13%)
→sick,生病的，欲呕的，-en,使。引申比喻义使震惊，使愤怒。
verb
ILL 有病的
intransitive
■to become ill 生病，得病
• literary The child sickened and died. 那孩子生病死了。
• UK "You look feverish. Are you sickening for (= about to become ill with) something?" “你好像在发烧。你生甚么病了吗?”
['sɪk.ən] verb
UNPLEASANT 令人不快的
transitive
■to cause someone to feel unpleasant emotions, especially anger and shock 使难受；使愤怒；使震惊
• The violence in the film sickened me. 电影中的暴力让我十分反感。
• He was sickened by/at the number of people who were hurt in the crash. 飞机失事中的受伤人数之多令他感到震惊。
vt. 使患病；使恶心；使嫌恶
 - revolt
vi. 生病；变厌腻
 - fall sick, take sick

Word: sit-up
Front: sit-up
[ˈsɪtˌʌp] None
Back: n. 仰卧起坐
分布：仰卧起坐(100%)
US ['sɪtˌ-] noun countable
■a type of exercise in which someone sits up from a lying position and which makes the stomach muscles stronger 仰卧起坐

Word: turquoise
Front: turquoise
[ˈtɜ:kwɔɪz] (托宝 14012/19508 -1)
Vocabulary: turquoise
(once / 3504 pages)
n
If your favorite color is turquoise, it means that you're partial to a particular bluish-green shade.
The color known as turquoise comes from the semi-precious gem of the same name. Chemically, turquoise is a mineral made of copper aluminum phosphate, but you're most likely to be familiar with its polished form, especially in rings and necklaces and belt buckles. Interestingly, the word for this traditionally Native American gem comes from a word that means "Turkish," based on its long-ago introduction from Turkey to other parts of Europe.
WORD FAMILY
turquoise: turquoises
USAGE EXAMPLES
Three turquoise faux advertising posters are dedicated to a dark ale called Society.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
After several hours of endless turquoise ocean, reef islands suddenly materialise just north of the equator.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
“Polar Treasures” surrounds a turquoise radiance with messy loops, threads and splashes of paint, about to slide into a single irresistible gravity field.
Seattle Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 绿松石; 青绿色，天蓝色
adj. 蓝绿色的
分布：绿松石(68%)，青绿色(22%)，青绿色的(10%)
→来自古法语 pierre turqueise,来自土耳其的石头，来自 pierre,石头，词源同 petrol,turqueise,土 耳其的，词源同 Turkish.
绿松石(turquo=turkish;因绿松石来自土耳其面得名)[-ise 1.表动词后缀,和-ize相同,是-ize的变体,"…化"2.表名词"物品,状态"]
【记】turqu＝Turkish土耳其的，oise：原产自土耳其，又叫土耳其玉。
US ['tɝ:.kɔɪz] noun countable or uncountable
■a bluish green precious stone which is often used in jewellery 绿松石
UK ['tɜ:.kwɔɪz] US ['tɝ:.kɔɪz] adjective
■bluish green in colour 青绿色的
• the clear turquoise water of the bay 海湾清澈碧绿的海水
n. [矿物] 绿松石；蓝绿色
 - turcos, kallaite
adj. 蓝绿色的
 - glaucous, cyan

Word: talkative
Front: talkative
[ˈtɔ:kətɪv] (17672/19328)
Vocabulary: talkative
(once / 2514 pages)
adj
A person who is talkative likes to talk — she's friendly and ready to gab at all times about just about anything.
We all have conversations, but some people enjoy talking more than others: those people are talkative. They find it easy to strike up a conversation, unlike others who may be shy. Being talkative is associated with being friendly. Talkative people can also be described as chatty, garrulous, loquacious, talky, and likely to talk your ear off. If you don’t feel like chatting, you'd better avoid talkative people. The root word of talkative is the Middle English tale, or "story."
WORD FAMILY
talkative: talkatively, talkativeness, untalkative+/ talk: talkative, talked, talker, talking, talks, talky/talker: talkers/talking: talkings/talky: talkier, talkiest, talkily
USAGE EXAMPLES
Her talkative enthusiasm meshes with his phlegmatic skepticism.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
Describe him in three words Talkative, sincere, determined.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
Then, as always, he was talkative and cheerful: everybody's uncle.
Nature(Nov 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 健谈的，多嘴的，喜欢说话的; 喋喋
分布：健谈的(57%)，多嘴的(34%)，喜欢说话的(9%)
→来自 talk,讲话，谈话。引申词义多嘴的，饶舌的。
好说话的(talk讲话)[-arive表形容词."有…倾向(性质)的"]
【记】talk说话，ative过分－健谈的
US ['tɑ:.kə.ɪv] adjective
■talking a lot 爱说话的，健谈的；多嘴的
• She's a lively, talkative person. 她是个活泼健谈的人。
adj. 饶舌的；多话的；多嘴的；爱说话的
 - loquacious, gabby

Word: peppercorn
Front: peppercorn
[ˈpepəkɔ:n] (17588/25215)
Back: n. 胡椒子，空有其名的地租
分布：胡椒子(50%)，空有其名的地租(50%)
→pepper,辣椒，胡椒，corn,谷物，谷粒。
US [-ɚ.kɔ:rn] noun countable
■a small dried fruit that looks like a seed and is crushed to produce pepper 胡椒粒

Word: great-grandmother
Front: great-grandmother
['greɪt'grændˌmʌðə] None
Back: n. 曾祖母
分布：形容词(100%)

Word: hardness
Front: hardness
[hɑ:dnəs] (托 17667/12304)
Back: n. 坚硬; <物>硬性; 困难; 冷酷
分布：坚硬(55%)，困难(30%)，严厉(15%)
ADJ-GRADED
硬的;坚硬的;坚固的
Something that is hard is very firm and stiff to touch and is not easily bent, cut, or broken.
例：He shuffled his feet on the hard wooden floor...他拖着脚在硬木地板上走动。
例：Something cold and hard pressed into the back of his neck.一个冰冷梆硬的东西顶在了他的脖梗儿上。
ADJ-GRADED
难做的;困难的
Something that is hard is very difficult to do or deal with.
例：It's hard to tell what effect this latest move will have...很难说最近这次行动会有什么结果。
例：She found it hard to accept some of the criticisms directed towards her and her work...她发现某些针对自己和自己工作的批评意见很难接受。
ADV-GRADED
努力地;使劲地
If you work hard doing something, you are very active or work intensely, with a lot of effort.
例：I'll work hard. I don't want to let him down...我会努力工作，我不想让他失望。
例：Am I trying too hard?我是不是努力过头了？
ADJ-GRADED
累人的;费力的;费劲的
Hard work involves a lot of activity and effort.
例：Coping with three babies is very hard work...照顾3个宝宝是非常累人的活儿。
例：...a hard day's work...一天的辛苦工作
ADV-GRADED
仔细地;认真地
If you look, listen, or think hard, you do it carefully and with a great deal of attention.
例：He looked at me hard...他使劲盯着我看。
例：You had to listen hard to hear the old man breathe...你要仔细听才能听见老人的呼吸声。
ADV-GRADED
猛力地;用力地
If you strike or take hold of something hard, you strike or take hold of it with a lot of force.
例：I kicked a dustbin very hard and broke my toe.我狠狠地踢了一脚垃圾箱，结果脚趾骨折了。
ADV-GRADED
强烈地;猛烈的;长时间地
You can use hard to indicate that something happens intensely and for a long time.
例：I've never seen Terry laugh so hard...我从未见过特里如此放声大笑。
例：It was snowing hard by then.当时雪下得很大。
ADJ-GRADED
冷酷无情的;心肠硬的
If a person or their expression is hard, they show no kindness or sympathy.
例：His father was a hard man...他的父亲是个冷酷无情的人。
例：Kate realized that the previous hard look on Maggie's face had been a mask.凯特意识到玛吉原先的那副冷酷表情其实是装出来的。
ADJ-GRADED
苛刻的;严厉的;不友善的
If you are hard on someone, you treat them severely or unkindly.
例：Don't be so hard on him.别对他太苛刻了。
ADJ-GRADED
有害的;不利的
If you say that something is hard on a person or thing, you mean it affects them in a way that is likely to cause them damage or suffering.
例：The grey light was hard on the eyes...光线暗淡对眼睛不利。
例：These last four years have been hard on them.过去的这四年里他们吃了不少苦。
ADJ-GRADED
（生活、一段日子）艰难的，艰苦的
If you have a hard life or a hard period of time, your life or that period is difficult and unpleasant for you.
例：It had been a hard life for her...对她而言，那是一段非常艰苦的生活。
例：Those were hard times.那些岁月是非常艰难的。
ADJ-GRADED
非常寒冷的;凛冽的
A hard winter or a hard frost is a very cold one.
例：...a prolonged period of hard frost...漫长的强霜冻期
例：I am expecting a long, hard winter.我估计冬天会漫长而寒冷。
ADJ-GRADED
（颜色）刺目的，晃眼的;（声音）刺耳的，难听的
Hard colours or sounds are harsh or bright and unpleasant to see or hear.
例：The sea was a hard blue.大海呈一片耀眼的蓝色。
ADJ
（证据、资料）可靠的，确凿的
Hard evidence or facts are definitely true and do not need to be questioned.
例：He wanted more hard evidence...他想要更多确凿的证据。
例：There are probably fewer hard facts about the life of Henry Purcell than that of any other great composer since the Renaissance.有关亨利·普赛尔生平的可靠资料可能比任何其他文艺复兴以来的伟大作曲家都要少。
ADJ-GRADED
（水质）硬的（指含钙化合物较多）
Hard water contains a lot of calcium compounds that stop soap making bubbles and sometimes appear as a deposit in kettles and baths.
ADJ
（毒品）毒性强的，烈性的
Hard drugs are very strong illegal drugs such as heroin or cocaine.
ADJ
（语音）发硬音的
In phonetics, a hard sound is one such as 'c' or 'g' as pronounced in the words 'cat' or 'give', and not as in the words 'cinema' or 'general'.
PREP-PHRASE
离…很近的
If one thing is hard by another, it is very close to it.
例：Paradise Street was a short, crowded street near the railway station and hard by the factory.天堂街是火车站附近一条拥挤的小街道，离该工厂很近。
PHRASE
受到不公平待遇的;委屈的
If you feel hard done by, you feel that you have not been treated fairly.
例：The hall porter was feeling hard done by at having to extend his shift.酒店行李搬运工因为被迫延长当班时间而愤愤不平。
PHRASE
困难的;艰难的
If you say that something is hard going, you mean it is difficult and requires a lot of effort.
例：The talks had been hard going at the start.会谈从一开始就举步维艰。
PHRASE
受到沉重打击的;受严重影响的
To be hard hit by something means to be affected very severely by it.
例：California's been particularly hard hit by the recession.加利福尼亚受经济衰退的影响尤为严重。
PHRASE
佯装不感兴趣;故意摆谱
If someone plays hard to get, they pretend not to be interested in another person or in what someone is trying to persuade them to do.
例：I wanted her and she was playing hard to get.我想得到她，但她却故意装出不感兴趣的样子。
PHRASE
十分困难的;处于困境的
If someone is hard put to do something or, in British English if they are hard pushed to do something, they have great difficulty doing it.
例：Mr Morton is undoubtedly cleverer than Mr Kirkby, but he will be hard put to match his popularity.莫顿先生无疑比柯克比先生更聪明，但他将很难像柯克比先生那样受人欢迎。
PHRASE
为…而非常苦恼（或难受）；因…而沮丧
If you take something hard, you are very upset or depressed by it.
例：Maybe I just took it too hard.可能我真的对此事太过耿耿于怀。
n. [物] 硬度；坚硬；困难；冷酷
 - difficulty, poverty, rigidity, stiffness

Word: digitize
Front: digitize
[ˈdɪdʒɪtaɪz] (17645/-)
Back: v. 将资料数字化
时态：digitized, digitizing, digitizes
分布：使数字化(100%)
→来自digit, 数字。用于电脑名词数字化，电脑化。
(UK usually digitise) ['dɪdʒ.ɪ.taɪz] verb transitive
■to put information into the form of a series of the numbers 0 and 1, usually so that it can be processed by a computer 对…进行数字转换，将…转换为数字

Word: to-do
Front: to-do
[təˈdu:] None
Back: n. 吵闹; 骚乱
分布：喧闹(100%)
[tə'du:] informal
noun only singular
■difficulty or trouble, usually which is more than the situation deserves （通常指不应有的）困难，麻烦
• What a to-do that was, getting my passport renewed! 续签护照可真麻烦啊！
n. 要办的事；骚乱；大惊小怪
 - disturbance, disorder, turbulence

Word: inexorable
Front: inexorable
[ɪnˈeksərəbl] (宝 17682/14245 -1)
Vocabulary: inexorable
(once / 1240 pages)
adj
When a person is inexorable, they're stubborn. When a thing or process is inexorable, it can't be stopped.
This is a word for people and things that will not change direction. An inexorable person is hard-headed and cannot be convinced to change their mind, no matter what. You can also say that a process, like the progress of a deadly illness, is inexorable because it can't be stopped. A speeding train with no brakes is inexorable; it's not stopping till it crashes. When you see the word inexorable, think "No one's stopping that."
WORD FAMILY
inexorable: inexorability, inexorableness, inexorably
USAGE EXAMPLES
I’ve never seen an “Othello” as convincingly inexorable as this one.
New York Times(Dec 12, 2016)
In Beth Gill’s “Catacomb,” performed at the Chocolate Factory in May, that pull was inexorable.
New York Times(Dec 07, 2016)
The book is profligate with its noir tropes, funny, gripping, imaginative, and inexorable as it gradually unmasks the unthinkable evil at its core.
Slate(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: adj. 无情的，铁面无私的; 不可动摇的，不屈不挠的; 不能变更的; 不可阻挡的
分布：无情的(53%)，不可阻挡的(37%)，坚定不移的人(7%)，坚决不变的(3%)
→in-,不，非，ex-,向外，-or,说，词源同orator,oracle.即说不动的，不能变更的，不可阻挡的。
说不动的;无情的(in不+ex出+ora+able→不能说出来的→说不动的)[ora,orat=mouth,表示"嘴,说"]
【记】exorable（adj 可说服的；可用恳求打动的）中间有词根ora说，ex出，ble能－能说出去的－可说服的
【参】oration（n 演说；致辞；演讲）
【反】relenting（adj 温和宽厚的）
US [-sɚ-] formal
adjective
■continuing without any possibility of being stopped 不可阻拦的
• the inexorable progress of science 不可阻挡的科学进步
adj. 无情的；不屈不挠的；不可阻挡的；无法改变的
 - tough, relentless, ruthless, unrelenting

Word: cola
Front: cola
[ˈkəʊlə] (雅 17680/15220 -2)
Back: n. 可乐果树; 可乐饮料
分布：可乐(100%)
→来自西非某土著语言，其果实为Coca-Cola重要原材料。
US [koʊ-] noun countable or uncountable
■a sweet fizzy (= with bubbles) brown drink which does not contain alcohol 可乐饮料，碳酸类饮料
• Coke and Pepsi are types of cola. 可口可乐和百事可乐都是碳酸类饮料。
n. 可乐；可乐树（其子含咖啡碱）
 - kola

Word: gist
Front: gist
[dʒɪst] (托雅宝 17685/14828)
Vocabulary: gist
(once / 3440 pages)
n
When you need a quick summary of the essentials, rather than the whole story or a thorough explanation, you're looking for the gist.
The word gist has had a variety of meanings in English, but most of them have become obsolete. The surviving sense of the word entered the language by way of the law: The gist of any legal action is the factor on which the action depends — that is, an alleged assault might be the gist of an indictment. The meaning of gist has evolved, though, and now it can be used to describe the core component of any matter, as in, "He watched the trailer, but he still didn't get the gist of the movie." Or, "She was having trouble writing a headline that conveyed the gist of her article."
WORD FAMILY
gist: gists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Each year the online dictionaries sum up the gist of the past 12 months by publishing a list of their most-searched words.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Prosecutors say Gist was a registered broker with more than 30 clients.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
That’s the gist of the bureau’s suit against Access Funding, its officials and Mr. Smith.
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 要点，主旨; 大要; 要领; 精神
分布：要点(72%)，主旨(28%)
→来自拉丁文jacet, 躺，来自词根jac, 扔，投，掷，词源同project, jet. 引申义位于其中的关键，主旨。
【记】读：记死它－因为是gist所以要死死的记住它
【反】tangential point（离题点）；trivial point（不重要的点）
N-SING
（发言、谈话或文章的）主旨，要点
The gist of a speech, conversation, or piece of writing is its general meaning.
例：He related the gist of his conversation to Naseby.他将他谈话的要点告诉了纳斯比。
n. 主旨，要点；依据
 - substance, core, heart, essential, kernel

Word: blended
Front: blended
['blendɪd] (17673/25844)
Back: v. （使）混合( blend的过去式和过去分词 ); （使）混杂; （使）调和; 协调
分布：混合的(58%)，混杂的(28%)，动词blend的过去式和过去分词.(14%)
adjective
■describes a drink which contains two or more different types of the same product （饮料）混合的
• blended whisky 混合威士卡
v. 混合（blend的过去式和过去分词）
 - mixed, mixt
adj. 混杂的；数种混合的
 - miscellaneous, jumbly

Word: prick
Front: prick
[prɪk] (研六宝 13277/11860 -1)
Vocabulary: prick
(once / 688 pages)
1vn 2n 3v
If you pierce your skin with a thorn, needle, or similar sharp object, you prick your skin. The mark it leaves on you is also called a prick.
You can also use prick to describe the sensation of tears welling — your favorite sad movie might make tears prick your eyes. Your conscience can prick you as well, when it makes you feel uncomfortable about something. Prick is also a vulgar term for a man's penis and a way to address someone (usually a man) who is acting like a total ass. It is best not to use these terms in polite company.
WORD FAMILY
prick: pricked, pricker, pricking, pricks+/pricker: prickers/pricking: prickings
USAGE EXAMPLES
She feels like someone has been pricking a voodoo doll made in her image.
Washington Post(Nov 30, 2016)
But now the prick of a needle was nothing.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
On the telephone and television, on radio and in the newspapers, each had done his best to prick the ego of the other.
Seattle Times(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 刺，扎，戳; 刺伤，刺痛
n. 刺，扎; 刺伤，刺痛; 尖形器具
时态：pricked, pricking, pricks
分布：刺(48%)，刺痛(22%)，扎(18%)，竖起(11%)，受责备(1%)
→来自古英语prica,刺，戳，尖点，来自Proto-Germanic*priko,刺，尖点。
n./v.刺伤,刺痛,刺孔The tickler pricked a tick on the nickname Nickel.挠痒者在绰号"镍币"上刺了个勾号.
verb transitive
■to make a very small hole or holes in the surface of something, sometimes in a way which causes pain 刺，戳，扎
• Prick the skin of the potatoes with a fork before baking them. 烤马铃薯前先用叉子在上面扎几个小孔。
• She pricked the balloon with a pin and it burst with a loud bang. 她用别针在气球上扎了一下，气球砰的一声爆掉了。
[prɪk] verb transitive
prick sb's conscience
■to make someone do something because they feel guilty 使（某人）的良心受到谴责
• Dan's mentioning Julia pricked my conscience and I gave her a call. 丹提起茱莉亚，让我感到良心不安，我就打了个电话给她。
[prɪk] verb transitive
prick the bubble (of sth)
■to make someone suddenly understand the unpleasant truth of a situation 戳穿（…的）虚幻泡影
[prɪk] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] prick (sth) up
■When an animal pricks its ears up, or when its ears prick up, it puts its ears up straight because it is listening carefully to a small sound or one that is far away. （动物）竖起（耳朵）听
■If you prick up your ears, or if your ears prick up, you suddenly begin to listen very carefully because you have heard something interesting （人）侧（耳）倾听
• I overheard them mentioning my name and pricked up my ears. 我无意中听到他们提起我的名字后就竖起耳朵仔细听。
[prɪk] noun countable offensive
BODY PART 身体部位
■a penis 阴茎
[prɪk] noun countable offensive
MAN 人
■a stupid man 蠢货，笨蛋，白痴
• I'm not wearing that - I'd look a right prick. 我才不戴那个东西呢——戴着它看起来像个傻瓜似的。
thrust, pierce, penetrate, prick, stab
这组词都有“刺入，穿透”的意思，其区别是：
thrust: 本义是使某物进入或把某物刺进或使之穿透某物，有时侧重穿透、刺入。
pierce: 多指人为地用刀刺、剑等尖锐东西刺穿或刺入某物。
penetrate: 较正式用词，可指用任何工具穿入或穿透，也可指光线、声音等透过物体。
prick: 一般指用针等刺穿。
stab: 主要指利器刺入、刺伤，如用匕首、短刀等。
vt. 刺，戳；刺伤，刺痛；竖起
 - cut, pink
n. 刺，扎；刺痛，刺伤；阴茎；锥
 - smart, thorn
vi. 刺；竖起
 - stick up, run through
adj. 竖起的
 - cocked

Word: friendliness
Front: friendliness
['frendlɪnəs] (17688/13939)
Back: n. 友情，亲切，友善
分布：友好(88%)，亲切(12%)
ADJ-GRADED
友善的;友好的;好相处的
If someone is friendly, they behave in a pleasant, kind way, and like to be with other people.
例：Godfrey had been friendly to me.戈弗雷一度对我很友善。
例：...a man with a pleasant, friendly face...面容和蔼可亲的男子
ADJ-GRADED
朋友(般)的;要好的
If you are friendly with someone, you like each other and enjoy spending time together.
例：I'm friendly with his mother...我和他母亲很要好。
例：Asmus became friendly with a number of writers and appeared in print as a literary critic.阿斯穆斯和许多作家成为了好友，而且还作为一名文学评论家出现在报纸上。
ADJ-GRADED
盟友的;友邦的
You can describe another country or their government as friendly when they have good relations with your own country rather than being an enemy.
例：...a worsening in relations between the two previously friendly countries.这两个曾经友好的国家之间关系的恶化
N-COUNT
友谊赛
In sport, a friendly is a match which is not part of a competition, and is played for entertainment or practice, often without any serious effort to win.
例：Athletic Bilbao agreed to play a friendly at Real Sociedad.毕尔巴鄂竞技队同意在皇家社会队主场打一场友谊赛。
n. 友谊；亲切；亲密
 - fellowship, companionship

Word: single-minded
Front: single-minded
[ˈsɪŋgəlˈmaɪndɪd] (-1)
Back: adj. 专一的; 坚定的; 诚心的; 纯真的
分布：一心一意的(60%)，坚定的(20%)，全身心的(20%)
adjective
■very determined to achieve something 一心一意的，专心致志的
• She had a single-minded will to win. 她一心想赢。
adj. 专心的；纯真的；真诚的；率直的
 - sincere, focused, pointed

Word: john
Front: john
[dʒɒn] (15623/269)
Back: n. 抽水马桶; 厕所
分布：名词(100%)
→常见人名，来自希伯来语Yohanan,来自yoh,上帝，缩写自Yahweh,hanan,亲切的，仁慈的，字面意思即上帝是仁慈的。john 厕所，茅房，嫖客
US ['dʒɑ:n] noun countable
TOILET 厕所 US informal
■a toilet 厕所，洗手间
• I'm just going to the john - can you wait for me? 我去上洗手间——你能等我吗？
UK ['dʒɒn] US ['dʒɑ:n] noun countable
PERSON 人 US slang
■a man who is the customer of a prostitute (= a woman who charges men to have sex with her) 嫖客
n. 厕所
 - convenience, bathroom, toilet, lavatory, crapper

Word: plain
Front: plain
[pleɪn] (中高研四六托宝 3549/2762 -K3)
Vocabulary: plain
(once / 37 pages)
1adjadv 2n 3n 4v
Plain things are simple, unadorned, and even a little boring. Being a plain talker means you don't use pretentious, fancy words. But having a plain face means you're not much to look at.
Plain comes from the Latin word planum, meaning "level ground." That's one meaning of the word, as in a flat prairie or low lying coastal flood plain. If something is in plain view, it's out in the open with no obstructions. But usually we use plain as an adjective to describe unembellished, bare, or unimpressive things. A white room with just an old bed and a chair is pretty plain.
WORD FAMILY
plain: plained, plainer, plainest, plaining, plainly, plainness, plains
USAGE EXAMPLES
Yes, this is still a nation of purple mountain majesties and fruited plains.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
The food, stingy during wartime, remains surprisingly plain.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
This is important if you’re trying to break a chemical addiction — to tobacco or alcohol, for instance — but also if you’re just plain struggling.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 平原; 平地; [纺织业]平针; 朴实无华的东西
adj. 平的; 素的; 清晰的; 相貌平平的
adv. 清楚地，明白地; 平易地; [用以加强语气]显然; 完全地
vi. 发牢骚; 诉苦
时态：plained, plaining, plains
分布：平原(70%)，朴素的(11%)，简单的(10%)，完全地(3%)，平常的(3%)，纯的(1%)，清楚的(1%)，坦白的(1%)
→来自拉丁语planus,平的，来自pele,展开，放平，词源同plan,place.引申诸相关词义。
a.明白的;朴素的;坦率;平凡n.平原,旷野The plain woman explained to me why she complained about the chain.长相平平的女人向我解释她为什么抱怨那条链子.
adjective
WITH NOTHING ADDED 未添加任何东西
 ADVANCED
■not decorated in any way; with nothing added 朴素的；不加修饰的；简单的
• She wore a plain black dress. 她穿着一件朴素的黑色连身裙。
• We've chosen a plain carpet (= one without a pattern) and patterned curtains. 我们挑了一张没有图案的地毯和带图案的窗帘。
• He prefers plain food - nothing too fancy. 他喜欢清淡简单的食物——不喜欢太花巧讲究的。
• We're having plain blue walls in the dining room. 我们现在客厅里的墙壁是纯蓝色的。
• a catalogue sent in a plain brown envelope 用纯褐色信封寄出的目录
• a plain style of architecture 简朴的建筑风格
• plain (= with no added fruit or sugar) yoghurt 原味酸乳酪
plain paper
■paper which has no lines on it 白纸
• a letter written on plain paper 用白纸写的一封信
[pleɪn] adjective
CLEAR 清楚的
■obvious and clear to understand 清楚的，明显的
• It 's quite plain that they don't want to speak to us. 很明显，他们不想和我们说话。
• The reason is perfectly plain. 原因很清楚。
• I made it quite plain (that) (= explained clearly that) I wasn't interested. 我直截了当地表示我不感兴趣。
[pleɪn] adjective
COMPLETE 完全的
[before noun]
■(used for emphasis) complete （表示强调）完全的
• It was plain stupidity on Richard's part. 理查愚蠢至极。
[pleɪn] adjective
NOT BEAUTIFUL 不漂亮的
■(especially of a woman or girl) not beautiful （尤指女性）相貌平平的，不好看的
• She had been a very plain child. 她小时候并不是个漂亮的孩子。
a plain Jane
■a woman or girl who is not attractive 平凡的珍妮（不漂亮的女人或女孩）
• If she'd been a plain Jane, she wouldn't have had all the attention. 假使她像平凡的珍妮，她就不会成为大众的焦点。
[pleɪn] adjective
be (as) plain as the nose on your face (also be (as) plain as a pikestaff)
■to be very obvious 非常明显
• He's not happy here - that's as plain as the nose on your face. 他在这里并不愉快——这是显而易见的。
[pleɪn] adjective
be plain sailing (US also be smooth sailing) UK
■to be easy and without problems 一帆风顺
• The roads were busy as we drove out of town, but after that it was plain sailing. 我们开车离开市区时路上很拥挤，但往后就一路顺畅。
[pleɪn] noun
LAND 土地
countable (also plains [plural])
■a large area of flat land 平原
• the coastal plain 海边的平原
• High mountains rise above the plain. 高山从平原拔地而起。
[pleɪn] noun
STITCH 针脚
uncountable
■a type of simple stitch in knitting 平针
• a row of plain and two rows of purl 一排平针两排反针
[pleɪn] adverb informal
■completely 完全地，简直
• I mean, taking the wrong equipment with you - that's just plain stupid. 我的意思是，你拿错仪器简直是愚蠢透顶。
open, frank, sincere, blunt, honest, plain, straightforward
这组词都有“坦率，诚实”的意思，其区别是：
open: 指不隐瞒自己的秘密，愿意向他人表露自己或公开暴露自己的缺点。
frank: 强调毫无保留地畅所欲言，不受任何约束。
sincere: 侧重指一个人出自内心地对某人某事表示一种诚意。
blunt: 指讲话坦白直率、不客气，但隐含不得体、不顾及他人感情等意味。
honest: 指遵守正直等道德准则。
plain: 指直言不讳，毫不做作或故弄玄虚。
straightforward: 多用于答复、叙述等场合。指直截了当，不回避，或故弄玄虚。
clear, obvious, evident, apparent, manifest, definite, plain, distinct
这组词都有“清楚的，明白的，明显的”的意思，其区别是：
clear: 普通用词，侧重清楚明白。
obvious: 语气较强，指极为明显，有目共睹，无需说明和论证。
evident: 指根据事实成为显然的。
apparent: 强调显而易见或一想便知。这个词从动词appear派生而来，故有时含有表面如此而事实上未必的意味。
manifest: 语义较强，书面用词，强调一目了然，暗示不要任何推论就一清二楚。
definite: 语气肯定，着重明白无误，无可怀疑。
plain: 普通用词，含义与clear很接近，可通用，但plain着重简单明了，不复杂。
distinct: 较正式用词，指轮廓的清楚或定义、含义的明确，不会弄错。
adj. 平的；简单的；朴素的；清晰的
 - simple, defined, plane
n. [地理] 平原；无格式；朴实无华的东西
 - flatland, puszta
adv. 清楚地；平易地
 - definitely, fair, expressly

Word: dowry
Front: dowry
[ˈdaʊri] (宝 17661/15383)
Vocabulary: dowry
(once / 1944 pages)
n
In some cultures, the bride or her family pays a certain amount of money or property to the groom when a couple is married. This payment is called a dowry.
Traditionally, a woman's family offered a dowry to potential husbands in order to make the match more attractive to the man and his family. The word dowry can actually mean "payment," but it can also refer to whatever property or savings a woman herself brings into a marriage. The Latin word dotare is the root of dowry, and it means "to endow or to portion out."
WORD FAMILY
dowry: dowries
USAGE EXAMPLES
Police say the young woman died in a dispute over dowry, the coercive practice of gift-giving that some say subjugates brides.
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
Kalawi has sold her gold dowry over the past three years.
Seattle Times(Nov 21, 2016)
Working in Benin, the photographer and multimedia artist Akpo focuses on the subject of bridal dowries in the Yoruba and Nago communities.
The Guardian(Nov 03, 2016)
Back: n. 嫁妆
分布：嫁妆(93%)，天资(7%)
→来自do, 给予，词源同data, donate. -ry，名词后缀。用于指嫁妆。
【源】最开始指：寡妇继承亡夫的那份产业；然后指：丈夫给新娘的财礼；现在指：新娘带给其夫的钱财（哈哈哈）看来男人的地位在上升J
【记】do＋wry（不好说，自己想）
noun countable
■in some societies, an amount of money or property which a woman's parents give to the man she marries 嫁妆，陪嫁
n. 嫁妆；天资；亡夫遗产
 - talent, dot, endowment

Word: light-hearted
Front: light-hearted
[ˌlaitˈhɑ:tid] (-1)
Back: adj. 轻松的; 快活的; 省心的; 无忧无虑的
分布：无忧无虑的(63%)，轻松的(37%)
→比喻用法。
US [-'hɑ:r.tˌɪd] adjective
■happy and not serious 心情轻松的，愉快的
• It was a fairly light-hearted discussion. 那是一次非常愉快的讨论。
adj. 轻松的；无忧无虑的
 - careless, easiest

Word: secede
Front: secede
[sɪˈsi:d] (宝 17631/27353 -1)
Vocabulary: secede
(once / 1190 pages)
v
To secede is to go your own way, breaking off ties. Usually, this refers to one part of a country that wants to become independent, like the South during the U.S. Civil War.
The Latin word secedere means “go apart” and that's where secede comes from. Don't confuse it with the much more common succeed. Your plan to secede from the state of New Jersey and found a kingdom named Rusty, after your dog, is not likely to succeed.
WORD FAMILY
secede: seceded, secedes, seceding, secession +/ secession: secessionism, secessions/secessionism: secessionist/secessionist: secessionists
USAGE EXAMPLES
In response to his assuming office, most of the South seceded from the Union.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Among them are the nascent campaigns for both California and Texas to secede from the United States.
Salon(Dec 29, 2016)
Others hold demonstrations demanding that southern Yemen, which was independent until 1990, secede again.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. 从…中脱离
vi. 脱离; 退出
时态：seceded, seceding, secedes
分布：正式脱离或退出(100%)
→se-,分开，-ced,走，词源同 cede,accede.引申词义退出，脱离。
正式退出(组织)(se+cede走→走开→退出)[se-表示"分开,离开,区别开"]
脱离;退出(se分开＋cede→分开走→脱离)[ced,ceed,cess=go,表示"行走,前进"]
【记】se分开，cede走－脱离
【参】secession（n 脱离）
[sɪ'si:d] formal
verb intransitive
■to become independent of a country or area of government 退出，脱离（国家或政府）
• There is likely to be civil war if the region tries to secede from the south. 如果该地区想脱离南方而独立，很可能会爆发内战。
vi. 脱离；退出
 - out of contact, break away
vt. 从…中脱离；割让
 - cede

Word: valor
Front: valor
['vælə] (托宝 17697/-)
Vocabulary: valor
(once / 1030 pages)
n
Valor is honor plus dignity. It’s gallant bravery and strength, especially on the battlefield or in the face of danger. Saint George displayed valor when he finally slayed the dragon. It’s a trait fit for a hero.
Valor comes from the Latin valorem for “strength, moral worth,” with the sense of “courage” added later. Valor is often displayed in the face of something designed to crush it, like a battle in a war, and it is often rewarded with the conferring of a medal. Valor is a word associated with war heroes and knights of yore, but anyone who faces death and doesn’t look away displays valor.
WORD FAMILY
valor: valorous, valors+/ valorous: valorously, valorousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Though Schwartz’s remains were never found, he was posthumously awarded the Distinguished Intelligence Cross, the CIA’s highest honor of valor.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
“Your patriotism, your valor, your courage and your heroism — according to those you’ve served with, you were an exceptional soldier who led by example.”
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Mr. Colburn initially received the Bronze Star Medal, a decoration recognizing valor in a combat zone.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. （尤指战斗中的）勇猛，英勇
分布：英勇(74%)，勇猛(26%)
英勇(al+or→强壮状态→英勇)[vail,val=strong,表示"强壮"]
n. 英勇；勇猛（等于valour）
 - prowess, heroism

Word: scheme
Front: scheme
[ski:m] (研四六托雅宝 3007/587 -K4)
Vocabulary: scheme
(once / 113 pages)
nv
A scheme is an elaborate plan or plot. It's going to take a really solid scheme, probably involving teleportation or some sort of temporary cloning, to make an appearance at both parties at once.
Scheme comes to us from the Latin word for "figure." And it's still used today to refer to a set of drawings and figures used to map out something. Or maybe you’ve heard people talk about something in the scheme of life." In that case they're talking about something that fits into the bigger picture. But don't forget that schemes often carry a negative connotation — the word brings to mind devious plans and secret plots organized by scheming bad guys.
WORD FAMILY
scheme: schematic, schematise, schematize, schemed, schemer, schemes, scheming +/ schematic: schematically, schematics/schematise: schematisation, schematised, schematises, schematising/schematize: schematization, schematized, schematizes, schematizing/schemer: schemers/ scheming: schemingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Kangas said the scheme’s idea was to abolish the “disincentive problem” among the unemployed.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
His second decision was to announce big projects like new motorways, power plants and job creation schemes.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Kangas said the scheme's idea is to abolish the “disincentive problem” among the unemployed.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: vt. & vi. 策划，图谋
n. 计划; 体系; 阴谋
vt. 设计，计划; 谋划，图谋
vi. 密谋，制定计划
时态：schemed, scheming, schemes
分布：方案(47%)，计划(37%)，设计(10%)，阴谋(3%)，策划(2%)，图谋(1%)
→来自希腊语 skhema,计划，方案，来自 skhein,得到，形成，来自 segh,握住，持有，词源 同 school,epoch.引申词义略图，图表，简表，及贬义词义密谋，图谋，搞阴谋。
n.计划,方案;阴谋;配置v.计划,策划;阴谋The extra theme of the supreme scheme is an extreme secret.至高无上的计划的额外主题是个极端机密.
【记】注意不要和schema（轮廓）相混，尤其作为“阴谋”一意
noun countable
 ESSENTIAL mainly UK
■an officially organized plan or system 方案，计划
• a training/housing/play scheme 训练／住房／娱乐活动方案
• a pension/savings scheme 养老金／储蓄金计划
• There's a new scheme in our town for recycling plastic bottles. 我们镇上有一个回收利用塑胶瓶的新计划。
• Class sizes will increase under the new scheme. 按照新的设计，班级规模将扩大。
 IMPROVER
■a plan for getting an advantage for yourself, especially by deceiving others 阴谋，诡计
• He's got a hare-brained/crazy/daft scheme for getting rich before he's 20. 他有一个轻率的／疯狂的／愚蠢的计划，好让自己在20岁前致富。
[ski:m] noun countable
the scheme of things
■the way things are organized or happen in a particular situation, or the way someone wants them to be organized 格局；安排
• I was disappointed not to get the job, but it's not that important in the great/grand scheme of things (= when all things are considered). 我没有得到那份工作，感到很失望，但从全盘考虑，这并不那么重要。
[ski:m] verb intransitive or transitive disapproving
■to make clever secret plans which often deceive others 密谋，策划
• All her ministers were scheming against her 她所有的大臣都在密谋策反。
• [+ to infinitive] For months he had been scheming to prevent her from getting the top job. 数月以来，他一直在密谋阻止她得到这个最高职位。
programme, project, scheme, plan, blueprint, design, plot
这组词都有“计划”的意思，其区别是：
programme: 使用广泛，既可指思想上的计划，又可指任何形式的书面计划或规划。
project: 多指由个人或集体为进行某项工作或完成某一项较大的任务，而制定的计划方案或设想。
scheme: 普通用词，比plan更强调计划的通盘筹划和某些细节的精心安排。在现代英语中，常用于指阴谋诡计。
plan: 最普通常用词，多指事先经过较充分的准备或考虑后制定的计划，也可指非决定性的打算或设想。
blueprint: 从本义蓝图，引申指详细而具体的行动计划。
design: 侧重指按照目标、目的意向，根据固定格式精心作出的计划或安排。
plot: 主要指为实现某一阴谋而拟定秘密的计划。
n. 计划；组合；体制；诡计
 - plan, programme, system, organization, fraud
vt. 计划；策划
 - design, map, propose, project, engineer

Word: ferment
Front: ferment
[fəˈment] (托宝 17698/20399 -1)
Vocabulary: ferment
(once / 793 pages)
1vn 2nv
The word ferment means a commotion or excitement. Consider that the fermentation that turns juice or grain into alcohol is the result of the agitated development of bacteria, and then you can better appreciate the word's meaning.
While you might be more familiar with the verb ferment, referring to the natural process that produces alcohol, the word is also used as a noun, giving the same type of boiling emotion to people or events. If you keep in mind that the root of the word is fevere, meaning "to boil or seethe," you get a vivid picture of the ferment experienced at a political rally where tempers run high.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
ferment / foment
When change is a brewin', remember: to ferment is to cause a chemical change to food or drink, like turning grapes into wine, but to foment is to stir up trouble, like turning a group of people into an angry mob.
Fermentation is a magical alchemy through which bacteria, yeast, and time turn barley into beer, cabbage into kimchi or sauerkraut, and milk into kefir. To ferment is to effect that change. Since ferment describes a process, it's often used in the form of fermented or fermenting. Fermented grapes = wine.
To ferment can also mean to stir up. When you ferment something, you agitate it, you work it up, and then it changes. You can ferment people, too! An inspiring leader might ferment a revolution! See the word in action:
Thus campaigns demonstrate that creationists threaten the creative ferment that produces social improvement. (Washington Post)
Miso is a fermented soy product rich in probiotic cultures, which are essential for immune health. (US News)
Elephants in southern Africa often binge on the naturally fermenting fruit of the marula tree and lumber unsteadily away afterward. (Wall Street Journal)
Foment is similar to ferment in the sense of stirring up people, but it's always bad. To foment is to cause trouble.
The word's Latin roots mean to apply a warm compress, and it can still be used that way, but usually it's more like slapping someone with a towel dipped in hot water — start fighting! Here are some examples from the news:
We want you to model interpersonal reconciliation rather than foment personal conflict. (Time)
They said they would use their strategic reach and inspirational force to foment domestic attacks in the United States, and they did in San Bernardino. (US News)
It can even foment terrorism as people give up hope in good and honest government. (BBC)
So, use ferment when discussing drunk elephants and happy sports fans, and foment for angry rebellions. It's what bad guys do, and not to food.
WORD FAMILY
ferment: fermentable, fermentation, fermented, fermenting, ferments+/ fermentation: fermentations/fermented: unfermented/fermenting: fermentologist
USAGE EXAMPLES
The aromatic landing of the fermented grapes is sharp, crisp, sweet, dry, delicate, delightful.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
He and his team produce pies of exceptional quality, beginning with a two-flour dough that’s fermented nearly 48 hours.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Disgorgement After the wine is fermented and bottled, a little sweetness and yeast are added to the bottle before it is sealed.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 酶，酵素; 发酵剂; 骚动，动乱
vt. & vi. 使发酵; 使骚动; 酝酿
时态：fermented, fermenting, ferments
分布：发酵(84%)，动乱(9%)，酵素(7%)
→词源同brew, 酿造，酝酿。引申词义发酵。
【记】fer＝ferv热－生热发酵，激动fer＝fur毛，ment闷他：闷得他都发毛了－发酵，骚动
【反】tranquility（n 宁静）
US [fə˞-/
■to (cause something to) change chemically through the action of living substances, such as yeast or bacteria （使）发酵
• You make wine by leaving grape juice to ferment until all the sugar has turned to alcohol. 酿葡萄酒是让葡萄汁发酵，直到所有的糖分都转化为酒精为止。
noun uncountable UK [ˈfɜː.ment] US [ˈfɜ˞ː-] literary
■a state of confusion, change, and lack of order or fighting 纷扰；骚动；动乱
• The resignation of the president has left the country in ferment. 总统辞职导致国家陷入动乱之中。
n. [轻] 发酵； [生化] 酵素；动乱
 - trouble, zymolysis
vi. [轻] 发酵；动乱
 - sour
vt. [轻] 使发酵；酝酿；使动乱
 - leaven

Word: distinctively
Front: distinctively
[dɪ'stɪŋktɪvlɪ] (托 17675/19530)
Back: adv. 区别地，特殊地
分布：特殊地(44%)，区别地(42%)，有特色地(14%)
ADJ-GRADED
独特的;特别的;有特色的
Something that is distinctive has a special quality or feature which makes it easily recognizable and different from other things of the same type.
例：...the distinctive odour of chlorine.氯气特有的气味
例：...a distinctive blue and yellow flag...特殊的蓝黄旗
adv. 特殊地；区别地
 - exceptionally, differentially

Word: bluish
Front: bluish
[ˈblu:ɪʃ] (17683/24616)
Back: adj. 接近蓝色的，浅蓝的
分布：带蓝色的(100%)
(also blueish) ['blu:.ɪʃ] adjective
■slightly blue 有点儿蓝的，稍带蓝色的
• bluish-grey 蓝灰色的
adj. 带蓝色的；有点蓝的
 - bluey

Word: sectional
Front: sectional
[ˈsekʃənl] (托雅 17497/15388)
Back: adj. 拼合而成的; 局部的; 部分（地区）的; 断面的
分布：各部分组成的(50%)，各阶层或不同部分的(50%)
→section,阶层，群体，部分，-al,形容词后缀。
adjective US describes a piece of furniture that is made up of parts which can be arranged in various ways （家俱）组合式的
• a sectional sofa 组合沙发
■Interests or aims that are sectional are limited to a particular group within an organization, society or country and do not consider other groups （利益或目标）某群体的，某阶层的，某地区的
• The national interest is more important than any sectional or personal interests. 国家利益高于局部或个人利益。
adj. 部分的，节的；可组合的
 - part, fractional, segmental

Word: foodstuff
Front: foodstuff
[ˈfu:dstʌf] (宝 17696/11825 -1)
Back: n. <术>食物，食品; 粮食
分布：食品(84%)，食料(16%)
【记】stuff（n 原料vt 塞满；填充）
noun countable
■any substance that is used as food or to make food 食物；食品（原料）
• They lack basic foodstuffs, such as bread and milk. 他们缺乏面包和牛奶这样的基本食品。
n. [食品] 食品，食物；粮食，食料
 - diet, eating, edible, commissariat

Word: delusional
Front: delusional
[dɪ'lu:ʒnəl] (17690/-)
Vocabulary: delusional
(once / 26924 pages)
adj
A delusional person believes things that couldn't possibly be true. If you're convinced that the microwave is attempting to control your thoughts, you are, sadly, delusional.
Delusional comes from a Latin word meaning "deceiving." So delusional thinking is kind of like deceiving yourself by believing outrageous things. Delusional thoughts are often a sign of mental illness, but the word can also be used more loosely to describe behavior that is just not realistic. If your friend thinks he's going to get rich playing video games, he's probably not mentally ill, but it's not a stretch to call him delusional.
WORD FAMILY
delusional: delusionally+/ delude: deluded, deludes, deluding, delusion, delusive, delusory/ delusion: delusional, delusions/ delusive: delusively
USAGE EXAMPLES
They scammed the system and delusionally think they deserve it.
New York Times(Apr 23, 2016)
Heidecker, playing his delusional self-involved alter ego on On Cinema, reads a marginally coherent prepared speech.
Slate(Dec 22, 2016)
Defense attorney Christopher Osborne said his client is “despondent” and “delusional.”
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: 妄想的
分布：妄想的(100%)
adj. 妄想的
 - chimeric

Word: sup
Front: sup
[sʌp] (17689/19771)
Vocabulary: sup
(once / 103 pages)
vn
To sup is to eat slowly, by spoonfuls. When you eat soup, you probably sup it.
You can really only sup soft foods and liquids, like oatmeal and milkshakes and miso soup. A sick person taking gingerly spoons of Jello into his mouth can be said to sup, and so can a hesitant baby eating tiny bites of pureed carrots. Sup essentially means "sip," and its root is the Old English sūpan, "to sip or swallow."
WORD FAMILY
sup: supped, supper, supping, sups+/supper: supperless, suppers/supping: suppings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The last attempt to cross the Atlantic on a stand-up paddleboard, or SUP, did not end well.
New York Times(Dec 07, 2016)
On the table rested a lone coffee mug, left by mistake, with a logo—National Sarcasm Society: Like We Need Your Support.
Slate(Dec 06, 2016)
Seated at an exquisite marble-inlay table just steps from an enticing fireplace, they sip and sup to the picturesque goings-on of glistening Rich Passage.
Seattle Times(Nov 18, 2016)
Back: vt. 小口地喝; 用汤匙喝; 抿（汤、茶等）; <美，口>喝（酒）
vi. <古>吃晚饭
n. 一小口（饮料）
时态：supped, supping, sups
分布：啜(37%)，小口地喝(36%)，一小口(18%)，供给晚饭(9%)
→来自古英语 supan,喝，吸，品尝，来自 Proto-Germanic*supanan,喝，吸，来自 sub,来自 seue,汁液，液体，词源同 sip,sop,soup.常用于形容小口喝，吸，啜，抿等。sup 吃晚饭
[sʌp] (-pp-) mainly UK
verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition transitive
■to drink or to eat 喝；吃
• Northern English He spends most of his evenings in the pub, supping beer. 大多数晚上，他都在酒吧喝啤酒。
• old-fashioned They supped on/off cold meat. 他们吃冷肉。
vt. 招待…吃晚饭；呷，啜
 - sip
vi. 啜饮；吃晚饭
 - to have dinner, eat dinner
n. 一口，少量
 - morsel, mouthful

Word: habitually
Front: habitually
[hə'bɪtʃʊəlɪ] (17706/13893)
Back: adv. 习惯地，惯常地; 素; 素常
分布：习惯地(50%)，日常地(50%)
ADJ
（动作、状态或行为方式）习惯性的，惯常的，典型的
A habitual action, state, or way of behaving is one that someone usually does or has, especially one that is considered to be typical or characteristic of them.
例：He soon recovered his habitual geniality...他不久就恢复了自己一贯的和蔼可亲的态度。
例：If bad posture becomes habitual, you risk long-term effects.不良姿势一旦定型，日后可就有你受的了。
ADJ
（人）积习难改的，习以为常的
You use habitual to describe someone who usually or often does a particular thing.
例：She was a habitual daydreamer.她总是耽于幻想。
例：...the home secretary's plans for minimum sentences for habitual criminals.内政大臣关于设置惯犯起刑点的打算
adv. 习惯地；日常地
 - daily

Word: enchantment
Front: enchantment
[ɪnˈtʃɑ:ntmənt] (17674/16471)
Vocabulary: enchantment
(once / 1219 pages)
n
Exams over? School out for the summer? You may be feeling a sense of enchantment, that is, a sense of delight and escape from everyday reality.
The psychological state of enchantment is so strong it can feel like you are under a spell or a trance, and these words are often interchangeable with enchantment. A work of art that is particularly captivating and enjoyable can also be termed an enchantment. The Winnie the Pooh books are often called "enchantments," and their sense of child-like innocence and simplicity is typical of the sensation of enchantment.
WORD FAMILY
enchantment: enchantments+/disenchant: disenchanted, disenchanting, disenchantment, disenchants/ disenchanted: disenchantedly/ disenchantment: disenchantments/ enchant: disenchant, enchanted, enchanter, enchanting, enchantment, enchants/ enchanted: enchantedly/enchanter: enchanters/ enchanting: enchantingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
President Vladimir Putin invoked a bit of seasonal enchantment in his New Year’s Eve remarks to the nation.
Time(Jan 01, 2017)
As the genie says: “The people of this country live in a state of enchantment. We wouldn’t be able to surprise them.”
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
All it needs to do is showcase once again the strange yet familiar delights of enchantment.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 魅力; 迷人之处; 施魔法; 着魔
分布：魅力(69%)，着迷(27%)，施魔法(4%)
N-UNCOUNT
魅力;陶醉;狂喜
If you say that something has enchantment, you mean that it makes you feel great delight or pleasure. Your enchantment with something is the fact of your feeling great delight and pleasure because of it.
例：The wilderness campsite had its own peculiar enchantment...野营地有其自身独特的魅力。
例：Percy's enchantment with orchids dates back to 1951.珀西对兰花的痴迷可以回溯到1951年。
N-COUNT
魔法；魔咒
In fairy stories and legends, an enchantment is a magic spell.
n. 魅力；魔法；着迷；妖术
 - charm, possession, grace, fascination

Word: stopper
Front: stopper
[ˈstɒpə(r)] (17714/21178)
Back: n. 阻塞物，（尤指）瓶塞
vt. （用瓶塞）塞住
时态：stoppered, stoppering, stoppers
分布：瓶塞(61%)，阻塞物(24%)，用塞子塞住(10%)，使某事停止之人或物(5%)
→stop,塞住，-er,表物。
US ['stɑ:.pɚ] noun countable
■an object which fits into the top of a bottle or other container 瓶塞
n. 塞子；阻塞物；制止者；妨碍物
 - plug, tampion
vt. 用塞子塞住
 - spile

Word: mason
Vocabulary: mason
(once / 2736 pages)
n
If you spent the summer building a beautiful stone wall around your backyard, you may have a future as a mason, someone who builds things out of brick or stone.
Usage experts can’t quite agree on the origins of the word mason. Some believe that it traces back to the German word mahhon, meaning "to make." True or not, it’s a good way to remember the meaning of mason: masons make things out of brick or stone. A mason is a skilled craftsperson who might, for example, carve stone for a memorial or do work on the brick walls of a house.
WORD FAMILY
mason: masonic, masons+/masonic: masonically
USAGE EXAMPLES
They worked around the base, and some were masons.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
He trained as a mason, an architect and a real estate agent.
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
Born in northern Copenhagen in 1928, he trained as a mason, an architect and a real estate agent.
Washington Times(Dec 08, 2016)

Word: flint
Front: flint
[flɪnt] (托宝 15638/12479)
Vocabulary: flint
(once / 1478 pages)
1n 2adj
Flint is a very hard type of rock. Ever since humans first learned to make tools, back in the Stone Age, they've used flint.
Through history, flint has been used for sharp tools, in walls and buildings, for making sparks to start fires, and in jewelry and pottery. You can also use the word figuratively, to mean a quality of hardness or even cruelty in a someone's personality: "The flint in his nature made him unsympathetic even to the most pitiful crying child."
WORD FAMILY
flint: flints, flinty +/ flinty: flintier, flintiest, flintily
USAGE EXAMPLES
The canoe was heaped with valuable trade goods: copper, flint, weapons, textiles, and beer.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
The radioactive element is produced when cosmic rays - that constantly shower the Earth - hit oxygen atoms in the flints' quartz minerals.
BBC(Nov 07, 2016)
“Trump doesn’t need to pour gasoline over his head. Just drop a flint in that nest of dry brush he calls a haircut.”
Salon(Oct 12, 2016)
Back: n. 燧石，火石; （打火机等的）打火石
分布：打火石(83%)，极硬的东西(17%)
→来自splei,撕开，分开，词源同split, splinter. 指古代用来打火用的两块硬石片。类似词义演变比较vagina, vanilla. 拼写演变比较foam, spume.
【源】弗林特（美国密歇根州中部城市，盛产flint，20世纪初成为一个汽车制造中心）
【记】fl＝fly，int是international的缩写：满世界飞，需要flint，万一掉到一个原始森林里还能生存
【参】flinty（adj 坚硬的；冷酷的）；fling（n 投掷；猛冲vt 猛投vi 猛冲）
noun countable or uncountable
■(a piece of) shiny grey or black stone that is like glass （一块）燧石，火石
■(a piece of) stone or metal used in a musket to make it fire or in a cigarette lighter to produce a flame （一块）打火石，电石
n. 燧石； [岩] 打火石；极硬的东西
 - chert, firestone

Word: antagonize
Front: antagonize
[ænˈtægənaɪz] (托宝 17720/21205 -1)
Vocabulary: antagonize
(once / 6727 pages)
v
To antagonize is to provoke someone to react angrily. If your mother tells you to stop antagonizing your brother, she's asking you to stop making him mad.
Antagonize shares the same Greek roots with the word agony, so think about how much agony you cause your siblings when you tease and goad them into getting angry. Bugs Bunny is known to antagonize Elmer Fudd, who hunts but never does catch that wabbit. Actually Bugs antagonizes every cartoon character he comes into contact with! In English class, you'll often be asked to name the antagonist of a story or novel, the character who provokes the main character to act.
WORD FAMILY
antagonize: antagonized, antagonizes, antagonizing+/antagonise: antagonised, antagonises, antagonising/ antagonism: antagonise, antagonisms, antagonist, antagonistic, antagonize / antagonist: antagonists/ antagonistic: antagonistically
USAGE EXAMPLES
“If he improves on his math classes, I’ll cut it. Otherwise, I may antagonize him another month or two.”
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
In Mr. Lei’s case, they said, the findings appeared tailored to avoid antagonizing the police, the party’s front-line enforcers of social stability.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
This did not sit well with the Tennants, who began to suffer the consequences of antagonizing Parkersburg’s main employer.
New York Times(Jan 06, 2016)
Back: vt. 使成为敌人; 引起…敌对[对抗]; 对…起反作用; 中和
时态：antagonized, antagonizing, antagonizes
分布：使…对抗(100%)
反对,对抗(ant[=anti反]+agon+ize→反过来斗争→对抗)[agon=struggle,表示"挣扎,斗争"]
【记】ant＝anti反对，敌对，agon竞赛，较量－对抗
【参】antagonism（n 对抗，敌对）＝opposition＝enmity
【反】placate（v 安抚）；propitiate（v 劝解）；mollify（v 平息）
(UK usually antagonise) [æn'tæg.ə.naɪz] verb transitive
■to make someone dislike you or feel opposed to you 使对抗，使对立；引起…的敌意（或反感）
• It's a very delicate situation and I've no wish to antagonize him. 这是一种很棘手的局面，而我无意使他和我反目成仇。

Word: shoplifting
Front: shoplifting
[ˈʃɒplɪftɪŋ] (17711/21311)
Back: n. 商店行窃
v. 在商店偷窃( shoplift的现在分词 )
分布：入店行窃(92%)，动词shoplift的现在分词形式.(8%)
→shop,商店，lift,小偷小摸。
US ['ʃɑ:p-] noun uncountable
■the illegal act of taking goods from a shop without paying for them 商店行窃； 佯装顾客偷窃； 顺手牵羊
• He was charged with shoplifting. 他被控在商店行窃。

Word: fine-tuning
Front: fine-tuning
['fain'tju:niŋ] None
Back: v. 调整，使有规则( fine-tune的现在分词 )
分布：微调(100%)
VERB
对…进行微调;细调
If you fine-tune something, you make very small and precise changes to it in order to make it as successful or effective as it possibly can be.
例：We do not try to fine-tune the economy on the basis of short-term predictions...我们不会根据短期预测就试图对经济进行微调。
例：Computers allow the plans to be fine-tuned and to be altered quickly.计算机使得这些图样能够得到细调，并且可以迅速更改。
n. 微调；细调
 - minitrim, vernier tuning
v. 调整（fine-tune的ing形式）
 - adjusting, aligning

Word: peeling
Front: peeling
['pi:lɪŋ] (17718/20007)
Back: n. 剥皮，剥下的皮
v. 削[剥]去（水果或蔬菜的皮）( peel的现在分词 ); 覆盖层脱落，剥落; 剥落; 脱落
分布：剥皮(72%)，剥下的皮(21%)，动词peel的现在分词形式.(7%)
N-UNCOUNT
（水果）皮，外皮
The peel of a fruit such as a lemon or an apple is its skin.
例：...grated lemon peel.擦碎的柠檬皮
VERB
剥皮；去皮；削皮
When you peel fruit or vegetables, you remove their skins.
例：She sat down in the kitchen and began peeling potatoes.她坐在厨房里，开始削土豆皮。
V-ERG
剥掉；剥落
If you peel off something that has been sticking to a surface or if it peels off, it comes away from the surface.
例：One of the kids was peeling plaster off the wall...其中一个孩子在剥墙上的灰泥。
例：It took me two days to peel off the labels...我花了两天时间才揭下这些标签。
VERB
掉漆
If a surface is peeling, the paint on it is coming away.
例：Its once-elegant white pillars are peeling.曾经典雅的白色立柱正在掉漆。
VERB
（通常因为晒伤而）脱皮，起皮
If you are peeling or if your skin is peeling, small pieces of skin are coming off, usually because you have been burned by the sun.
例：His face, at the moment, was peeling from sunburn.那时他的脸因为晒伤而脱皮。
n. [木] 剥皮，去皮；剥下的皮
 - debarking, excoriation
v. 脱皮；剥落（peel的ing形式）
 - scaling

Word: nuke
Front: nuke
[nju:k] (17702/46837)
Back: n. 核武器，核能发电厂，核潜艇
v. 以核武器攻击，，以核武器摧毁
时态：nuked, nuking, nukes
分布：核武器(70%)，核能发电厂(18%)，以核武器攻击(12%)
→俚语，缩写自nuclear weapon.
US [nu:k] verb transitive slang
■to bomb somewhere with nuclear weapons 用核武器攻击
• The two countries were threatening to nuke each other. 两个国家都威胁要对对方使用核武器。
■mainly US informal
■to heat or cook something in a microwave oven 用微波炉加热；用微波炉烹调
UK [nju:k] US [nu:k] noun countable slang
■a nuclear weapon 核武器
• 'No nukes here!' the banner read. 横幅上写著「禁止在此使用核武器！”
n. 核武器；核能发电厂；核潜艇
 - nuclear weapons, nuclear power plant

Word: breech
Front: breech
[bri:tʃ] (17694/16118)
Vocabulary: breech
(once / 6040 pages)
n
A breech is an opening in a gun where bullets are loaded. If you’re battling armed zombies, remember that the breech is in the rear. Speaking of rears, in a breech birth, a baby comes out feet, or rear, first.
Guns or rifles can either be loaded from the back part — called the breech — or from the front — called the muzzle. Most modern guns are loaded from the breech end. And if you’re single-handedly fighting a zombie army, you’d better hope your weapon is breech-loading; it’s much safer and faster to load a gun from the breech.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
breach / breech
If you break a contract, it's a breach. If you're talking about pantaloons, guns, or feet-first babies, use breech with a double "e."
A breach is a break — whether it's a breach in contract or a breach in a dam. Lawyers like it because they can help if there's a breach of the law. Whales break free from the water when they breach, but no one wants them to breach the side of their boat because that boat would sink. Just ask the Pequod. Other examples:
"It is impossible to tell if there is a specific breach of any conflict of interest laws." (New York Times)
"All 68 passengers and crew are safe, authorities said, and the vessel itself incurred only a small breach in its hull." (Time)
A breech, double "e," is an opening at back of the gun. It's also the word for hindquarters. The breech is on the butt of a gun, but it's also sometimes the buttocks of a human. Seriously. Breeches is an old word for pants, or britches, the kind George Washington rocked. You can still get breeches, though, for horseback riding. If a baby is born feet- or bottom-first, that's a breech birth. Examples:
"A 'magazine' is a chamber for holding a supply of cartridges to be fed automatically to the breech of a gun, according to Merriam-Webster's dictionary." (Forbes)
"Goforth said the first baby came out and then the second baby came out breech birth, meaning the baby was delivered feet first." (Washington Times)
Use breach is there's a break, but save breech for guns, pants, and babies.
WORD FAMILY
breech
USAGE EXAMPLES
Previously, Trump dismissed as sour grapes chatter that Vladimir Putin’s Russia orchestrated a large scale breech of Hillary Clinton campaign chair John Podesta’s emails.
Salon(Dec 16, 2016)
John Breech of CBSSports.com gave the Seahawks a D for their performance:
Seattle Times(Nov 28, 2016)
John Breech of CBSSports.com gave the Seahawks an A+ for their performance Sunday:
Seattle Times(Nov 14, 2016)
Back: n. 臀部
分布：后膛(85%)，给...穿上裤子(15%)
→词源同break, 分开。形容枪炮后膛的分叉状。
adjective
■If a baby in the womb is in a breech position, it is lying so that the lower part of its body will come out first （臀位、横位等）分娩异常的
• a breech birth/delivery 臀位分娩
n. 臀部；后膛
 - bottom, hip

Word: voluptuous
Front: voluptuous
[vəˈlʌptʃuəs] (宝 17728/21881 -1)
Vocabulary: voluptuous
(once / 1836 pages)
adj
Voluptuous describes a woman that's large — but in all the right places. Voluptuous is a curvy compliment.
A skinny woman is the opposite of voluptuous. Being voluptuous means being a little fleshy and curvy, especially in the chest area. But voluptuous doesn't only apply to body types. A house that's luxurious, lavishly decorated, and full of delicious food is voluptuous. Any use of voluptuous means there's a lot going on. For some reason, most fashion models are not voluptuous at all — they're thin as a rail.
WORD FAMILY
voluptuous: voluptuously, voluptuousness+/voluptuousness: voluptuousnesss
USAGE EXAMPLES
Szalay writes with voluptuous authority about masculinity under duress in this novel in stories.
New York Times(Nov 23, 2016)
He’s unique flesh and blood occupying a voluptuous material world.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 21, 2016)
The way Aurora looks is more faithful to the book, where the character is supposed to be more voluptuous.
New York Times(Nov 04, 2016)
Back: adj. 性感的; 令人感到舒适的，倾向感官享受的; 体态丰满的; 骄奢淫逸的
分布：撩人的(51%)，沉溺酒色的(33%)，激起性欲的(16%)
→来自voluptuary,纵欲的，纵欲者，后指引起欲望的女人。引申词义丰满的，肉感的。
【记】vo，lu露，p屁，tuous多－露出很多屁股－纵欲的
【参】voluptuary（n 耽于逸乐的人）
【反】ascetic（adj 禁欲的）；spartan（adj 简朴的）；self-contained（有自制力的）；self-denying（adj 克己的）
adjective
■describes a woman who has a soft, curved, sexually attractive body （女人）性感的，肉感的，丰满的
• a voluptuous body/mouth/figure 性感的身体／嘴唇／身材
■literary
■describes an experience or object that gives you a lot of pleasure because it feels extremely soft and comfortable or it sounds or looks extremely beautiful 令人愉悦的；令人舒服的；满足感官的
• such voluptuous pleasure 如此舒适的享受
• I sank into the bed's voluptuous warmth. 我躺在温暖舒适的床上。
adj. 撩人的；骄奢淫逸的；沉溺酒色的
 - tantalizing

Word: premonition
Front: premonition
[ˌpri:məˈnɪʃn] (宝 17716/20812 -1)
Vocabulary: premonition
(once / 3871 pages)
n
Some people claim to have premonitions, such as a dream about a friend they haven't seen in years the night before the friend dies. A premonition is a warning that comes in advance, or a feeling that something is going to happen.
Like the synonym foreboding, a premonition usually refers to something bad or harmful. This noun is from Middle French premonicion, from Late Latin praemonitio, from Latin praemonere "to warn in advance," from the prefix prae- "before" plus monere "to warn."
WORD FAMILY
premonition: premonitions+/monish: monished, monishing, monition/monition: monitions, premonition
USAGE EXAMPLES
One of the most popular football players of all time, a crazy premonition, and a windfall of money.
Golf Digest(Dec 28, 2016)
Call it a fighter's sixth sense, call it an unconscious premonition.
BBC(Dec 08, 2016)
The first premonition of his mortality came in October 2004, when he stumbled badly after a speech made in Santa Clara.
The Guardian(Nov 26, 2016)
Back: n. 预感，预兆; 前兆，征兆; 预先的警告（告诫），预诫
分布：名词(100%)
→pre-,在前，早于，预先，-mon,警告，提醒，词源同admonish,monitor.
预感,前兆(pre+monit+ion)[mon,monit=warn,表示"警告"]
【记】pre前，mon警告，ition：提前的警告－不祥的预兆。
noun countable
■a feeling that something, especially something unpleasant, is going to happen （尤指不祥的）预兆，预感
• [+ that] He had a premonition that his plane would crash, so he took the train. 他预感到他要坐的飞机会坠毁，于是就坐了火车。
• She had a sudden premonition of what the future might bring. 她对将来会发生的事突然有一种不祥的预感。
n. 预告；征兆
 - symptom, preliminary notice

Word: rolled
Front: rolled
[rəʊld] (17729/18740)
Back: adj. 包金箔的
v. （使）打滚( roll的过去式和过去分词 ); （使）转动; 卷; 把…卷成筒状
分布：轧制的(75%)，动词roll的过去式和过去分词.(25%)
V-ERG
(使)滚;(使)滚动
When something rolls or when you roll it, it moves along a surface, turning over many times.
例：The ball rolled into the net...球滚进了网中。
例：Their car went off the road and rolled over...他们的车冲出公路，翻倒在一旁。
VERB
(身体)滚动，打滚
If you roll somewhere, you move on a surface while lying down, turning your body over and over, so that you are sometimes on your back, sometimes on your side, and sometimes on your front.
例：When I was a little kid I rolled down a hill and broke my leg...我小时候从一座山坡上滚了下来，把腿摔断了。
例：They just rolled about on the floor punching each other like schoolboys...他们像小学生一样，在地板上滚来滚去，互相挥着拳头揍对方。
VERB
(车辆)慢慢开动，缓缓行进
When vehicles roll along, they move along slowly.
例：The lorry quietly rolled forward.卡车静静地缓慢前行。
VERB
(机器)转动，运转，工作
If a machine rolls, it is operating.
例：He slipped and fell on an airplane gangway as the cameras rolled...在摄像时他不慎滑倒在飞机座位间的通道上。
例：The newspaper presses are rolling in Pittsburgh again today.今天，匹兹堡的报纸又开始印刷了。
VERB
(液体)滚落，滑落
If drops of liquid roll down a surface, they move quickly down it.
例：She looked at Ginny and tears rolled down her cheeks.她看着金尼，泪水滑落脸庞。
VERB
卷;绕;使成筒状（或球状）
If you roll something flexible into a cylinder or a ball, you form it into a cylinder or a ball by wrapping it several times around itself or by shaping it between your hands.
例：He took off his sweater, rolled it into a pillow and lay down on the grass...他脱下毛衣，将它卷成一个枕头，然后在草地上躺了下来。
例：He rolled and lit another cigarette.他又卷了一支烟并点着了。
N-COUNT
卷;卷轴
A roll of paper, plastic, cloth, or wire is a long piece of it that has been wrapped many times around itself or around a tube.
例：The photographers had already shot a dozen rolls of film.摄影师们已经照了一打胶卷了。
例：...a roll of blue insulated wire.一卷蓝色的绝缘电线
VERB
摇(车窗);卷（窗帘等)
If you roll up something such as a car window or a blind, you cause it to move upwards by turning a handle. If you roll it down, you cause it to move downwards by turning a handle.
例：In mid-afternoon, shopkeepers began to roll down their shutters...下午三时左右，店主们开始放下百叶窗。
例：She rolled up the window and drove on...她把车窗摇上来，继续开车。
V-ERG
转动(眼睛)；(眼珠)骨碌碌地转
If you roll your eyes or if your eyes roll, they move round and upwards. People sometimes roll their eyes when they are frightened, bored, or annoyed.
例：People may roll their eyes and talk about overprotective, interfering grandmothers...人们可能会翻着白眼谈论那些溺爱儿孙、样样都要插手的祖母。
例：His eyes rolled and he sobbed.他转了转眼睛，呜咽起来。
N-COUNT
（一人份的）小圆面包，面包卷
A roll is a small piece of bread that is round or long and is made to be eaten by one person. Rolls can be eaten plain, with butter, or with a filling.
例：He spread butter on a roll.他把黄油抹在小圆面包上。
N-COUNT
（鼓的）咚咚声,隆隆声,持续的轰鸣声
A roll of drums is a long, low, fairly loud sound made by drums.
例：As the town clock struck two, they heard the roll of drums.当小镇的时钟敲响两点钟时，他们听到了隆隆的鼓声。
N-COUNT
名单;名册
A roll is an official list of people's names.
例：...the electoral roll.选民名单
PHRASE
连连成功;连交好运
If someone is on a roll, they are having great success which seems likely to continue.
例：I made a name for myself and I was on a roll, I couldn't see anything going wrong.我靠自己的能力成名了，接二连三地获得成功，我觉得一切似乎一帆风顺。
PHRASE
盼望;期待
If you say roll on something, you mean that you would like it to come soon, because you are looking forward to it.
例：Roll on the day someone develops an effective vaccine against malaria.盼望有一天有人会研制出一种能有效预防疟疾的疫苗。
PHRASE
集于一身;融为一体
If something is several things rolled into one, it combines the main features or qualities of those things.
例：Experts claimed that teachers had to be Einstein, Marie Curie and Linford Christie rolled into one to help children grasp the new national curriculum...专家们称老师必须集爱因斯坦、居里夫人和林弗德·克里斯蒂的本领于一身，才能帮助孩子们掌握新的国家课程大纲。
例：This is our kitchen, sitting and dining room all rolled into one.这既是我们的厨房，又是客厅和餐厅。
v. 使…转动；摇摆（roll的过去分词和过去式）
 - rotated

Word: forerunner
Front: forerunner
[ˈfɔ:rʌnə(r)] (托雅宝 17730/11322 -1)
Vocabulary: forerunner
(once / 2394 pages)
n
A forerunner is someone or something that came before and paved the way for something today. Rotary phones were forerunners of today's complex cell phones.
The prefix fore- in forerunner is a clue that this word has to do with things that came before. A forerunner is someone from the past who preceded someone today, making new things possible. In the NBA, players like Wilt Chamberlain were forerunners of centers who played later. Early, gigantic computers were forerunners of today's sleek sophisticated computers. George Washington was a forerunner of every US president who has served since. Make sure to thank forerunners for paving the way for the rest of us slackers.
WORD FAMILY
forerunner: forerunners+/overrun: overran, overrunning, overruns/ rerun: reran, rerunning, reruns/ run: overrun, ran, rerun, runned, runner, running, runny, runs/ runner: forerunner, runners/running: runningly, runnings/ runny: runnier, runniness
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the Communist telling, Sun is the “forerunner of the democratic revolution”.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
“There’s no obvious forerunner to guide us, no road sign or direction to follow,” Tencent’s research department writes in a newly released internet-industry forecast report.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
Punk pioneer who helped form the duo Suicide, widely regarded as a forerunner of punk and electronic music.
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 先驱; 先驱者; 先兆，预兆
分布：先驱(79%)，预兆(13%)，祖先(8%)
【记】fore前，runner（n 奔跑者；信使）
US ['fɔ:rˌrʌn.ɚ] noun countable
■something or someone that acts as an early and less advanced model for what will appear in the future, or a warning or sign of what is to follow 先驱，先行者；预兆，前兆
• Germany's Green party was said to be the forerunner of environmental parties throughout Europe. 德国绿党据说是全欧洲环保政党的先驱。
• The drop in share prices in March was a forerunner of the financial crash that followed in June. 三月份股价的下跌是随后6月份金融崩溃的一个预兆。
n. 先驱；先驱者；预兆
 - warning, precursor

Word: deep-seated
Front: deep-seated
['di:ps'i:tɪd] (-1)
Back: adj. 深层的; 根深蒂固的; 牢固的
分布：根深蒂固的(73%)，深层的(27%)
US [-tˌɪd] (also deep(ly)-rooted)
adjective
■strongly felt or believed and very difficult to change or get rid of 根深蒂固的；笃信的
• a deep-seated faith in God 笃信上帝
adj. [地质] 深层的；根深蒂固的；深位的
 - rooted, seated

Word: e-mailed

Word: interlocking
Front: interlocking
[ɪntə(:)'lɒkɪŋ] (托宝 17731/14403)
Back: adj. 联锁的
v. <计>互锁设备( interlock的现在分词 ); 双螺纹针织品
分布：联锁的(56%)，动词interlock的现在分词形式.(22%)，交织在一起的(22%)
【记】interlock（v 连锁；使紧密接合）；inter互相，lock（n /v 锁）
【反】independent（adj 独立自治的；无党派的）
US [-tˌɚ'lɑ:.kɪŋ] adjective
■firmly joined together, especially by one part fitting into another 紧密连接的；（尤指）互锁的，咬合的
• This jigsaw puzzle has 1000 interlocking pieces. 这个拼图由1000个互相咬合的部分组成。
• The fish has strong jaws and sharp interlocking teeth. 这种鱼有强而有力的颚和相互咬合的锐利牙齿。
adj. 连锁的
 - concatenate
n. 连锁；咬合作用
 - catenation

Word: snugly
Front: snugly
[snʌɡlɪ] (17724/20472)
Back: adv. 紧贴地; 贴身地; 暖和舒适地; 安适地
分布：紧紧地(40%)，贴身地(40%)，舒服地(20%)
ADJ-GRADED
(尤指寒冷天气中)暖烘烘的，温暖舒适的
If you feel snug or are in a snug place, you are very warm and comfortable, especially because you are protected from cold weather.
例：They lay snug and warm amid the blankets.他们舒舒服服、暖暖和和地躺在毯子里。
例：...a snug log cabin.舒适温暖的小木屋
ADJ-GRADED
(衣服等)紧身的，贴身的
Something such as a piece of clothing that is snug fits very closely or tightly.
例：...a snug black T-shirt and skin-tight black jeans...贴身的黑色T恤和紧身的黑色牛仔裤
例：Every dress is lined, ensuring a snug, firm fit.每条裙子都加了衬里，确保穿起来贴身而挺括。
N-COUNT
酒馆内的雅间
A snug is a small room in a pub.
adv. 舒适地；隐蔽地；贴身地；紧密地
 - closely, cozily

Word: trot
Front: trot
[trɒt] (六托 8347/8837 -1)
Vocabulary: trot
(once / 475 pages)
1vn 2n
To trot is move faster than walking, but not quite at a full-out run. You might trot down the street when you hear the ice cream truck coming.
People can trot — as they do when they jog or do a slow run — and so can four-legged animals, especially horses. When you see a horse trot, you'll notice that its diagonally opposite legs move together, touching the ground at the same time. Trot is a Middle English word that comes from Old French, troter, "to trot or to go," which in turn has a Germanic root related to the word tread.
WORD FAMILY
trot: trots, trotted, trotter, trotting+/trotter: trotters
USAGE EXAMPLES
On a recent visit in June, Clark arrived with a black Labrador on a leash trotting beside her.
New York Times(Jan 12, 2012)
He spots a seventh-grader trotting home beneath a bulky backpack.
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Picture a miserable horse trotting through the season finale, a skeleton strapped to its back.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: n. 马的小跑; 人快步走; 摇摇摆摆学步的孩子; 〈古〉老太婆
vi. 小跑; 快速前进; 赶紧
vt. 使小跑; 使快步走
时态：trotted, trotting, trots
分布：小跑(62%)，慢跑(21%)，快步走(7%)，老太婆(5%)，现成译本(3%)，疾走(2%)
→来自古法语 troter,小跑，来自 Proto-Germanic*trott,小跑，衍生自*tred,踩踏，词源同 trade,tread.
US [trɑ:t] verb (-tt-)
RUN 跑
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■If a horse or similar animal with four legs trots, it runs at its slowest speed, using short steps in which a front leg and the back leg on the opposite side move together （四肢动物的）小跑，慢跑
• We were trotting along the lane when a car suddenly appeared from nowhere and almost made me fall off my pony. 我们正沿小路骑马小跑，一辆汽车不知从哪里突然冒了出来，我差点从小马背上跌下来。
• The dog trotted down the path to greet me. 这只狗沿路小跑着过来迎接我。
Compare canter ; gallop
UK [trɒt] US [trɑ:t] verb (-tt-)
HURRY 匆忙
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition informal
■When people trot somewhere, they go there in a quick or busy way （人）匆忙地走，快步走
• She left her purse on the counter, so I had to trot down the street after her. 她把钱包忘在柜枱上，我只好匆忙跑到街上去追她。
• "I'm in a bit of a rush. I'll give you a ring," said James, and off he trotted. “我有点急事，我会给你打电话的。”詹姆斯说完就匆忙离开了。
• Although she retired from politics five years ago, she still trots around the globe, giving speeches and meeting world leaders. 虽然五年前就退出了政坛，但她还在满世界跑，到处作演讲，会见各国领导人。
⇒ See also globetrotter
intransitive + adverb or preposition informal
■to speak or do something too quickly 连珠炮似地说；急匆匆地做
• She was rather nervous and trotted through her speech a bit too quickly. 她比较紧张，演讲速度有点偏快。
UK [trɒt] US [trɑ:t] verb (-tt-)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] trot sth out disapproving
■to state an idea, opinion or fact, especially one that has been stated often before or one that is silly 动不动就提出，重复说（老一套的东西）
• You trot out that argument whenever I try to discuss this matter with you. 每次我想与你讨论这件事的时候，你总是重复那一套说辞。
• Whenever I ask him why his essay's late, he just trots out the same old excuses. 每当我问他为甚么迟交作文时，他总是用同样的借口解释。
UK [trɒt] US [trɑ:t] verb (-tt-)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M often passive] trot sb out disapproving
■to send someone to represent or defend your idea or opinion in public, in a boring and familiar way 让（某人）代表自己出面，把（某人）抬出来
• Whenever the President is in difficulties, her spokesman is trotted out to face the press. 每当总统处境困难时，她的发言人就被推出来面对新闻界。
UK [trɒt] US [trɑ:t] noun
RUN 跑
only singular
■the speed or movement of a horse or similar animal when it trots 快步，小跑（马或类似动物的快步走或小跑）；其快步或小跑的速度
• He climbed onto his horse and set off at a relaxed trot down the lane. 他骑上马，沿着小路轻快地小跑着出发了。
only singular
■a slow run by a human （人的）慢跑，小步跑
• The team warmed up for the match with a trot around the pitch. 队员们绕着球场慢跑为比赛热身。
UK [trɒt] US [trɑ:t] noun
ILLNESS 疾病
the trots
[plural] informal
■ diarrhoea (= a condition in which the contents of the bowels are emptied too often)
• to get/have the trots 拉肚子
• That prawn curry gave me the trots. 那份咖喱大虾吃得我拉肚子。
UK [trɒt] US [trɑ:t] noun
on the trot UK informal
■If you do things on the trot, you do them directly after each other without pausing 接连地；一个接一个地
• They won three games on the trot. 他们获得了三连胜。
• She worked 30 hours on the trot to get the job finished on time. 为了能按时完成任务，她连续工作了30个小时。
UK [trɒt] US [trɑ:t] noun
a (quick/brisk) trot through sth informal
■when you examine or explain the whole of a subject, method or piece of work quickly without stopping or getting slower 快速检查；迅速解释
• In this book, John Pemble takes a brisk trot through the history and mysteries of Venice. 在这本书中，约翰‧彭伯简单回顾了威尼斯的历史和神秘之处。
trot, jog, run, race
这组词都有“跑”的意思，其区别是：
trot: 强调小跑时上下弹跳的动作，是介于跑与走之间轻快的快速运动。
jog: 指从容不迫地慢跑。
run: 最普通用词，指由于各种原因而急速奔跑。
race: 多用于赛跑，指以最快速度奔跑。
n. （人）慢跑；马小跑的步态；小跑的马蹄声；刚学步的小孩；老太婆；腹泻；（学生作弊用的）译文对照本
 - dogging, diarrhea
vi. （马）小跑；（人）慢跑；快步走
 - double, go jogging

Word: chipped
Front: chipped
[t'ʃɪpt] (17713/21879)
Back: adj. 有缺口的，用碎片组成的
分布：碎裂的(44%)，切片的(28%)，动词chip的过去式和过去分词形式.(28%)
adjective
■with a small piece or pieces broken off 破损的，有缺口的
• a chipped glass 有缺口的玻璃杯
• All the plates were old and chipped. 所有的碟子都很旧，破破烂烂的。
broken, cracked, chipped
broken: 破碎的
cracked: 裂纹的；
chipped: 有缺口的；
adj. 有缺口的；用碎片组成的；受切损的
 - gapped, jaggy

Word: counterbalance
Front: counterbalance
[ˌkaʊntəˈbæləns] (托雅宝 17725/18862)
Back: vt. 对…起平衡作用，抵消
n. 抗衡 （力），平衡力
时态：counterbalanced, counterbalancing, counterbalances
分布：平衡(68%)，使平衡(17%)，平衡力(10%)，抵销(5%)
→counter-, 相反。balance, 平衡。
平衡(counter+balance平衡→两边一样→达到平衡)[counter-表示"反对,相反"]
【记】balance（n /v 平衡）
US [-tˌɚ-] verb transitive
■to have an equal but opposite effect on something so that it does not have too much of a particular characteristic 使平衡；抵消；弥补
• The ugliness of the resort is counterbalanced by the excellence of the skiing. 优良的滑雪条件弥补了这片渡假胜地景致方面的不足。
n. [机] [力] 平衡力；自动抵销
 - make weight, equilibrant
vt. [机] [力] 使平衡；抵消
 - kill, offset

Word: self-made
Front: self-made
[ˈselfˈmeɪd] None
Back: adj. 自制的; 自造的; 靠自己努力而成功的; 白手起家的
分布：自造的(63%)，自力更生的(25%)，独力奋斗的(12%)
adjective
■rich and successful as a result of your own work and not because of family money 靠自己奋斗成功的，白手起家的
• a self-made man/millionaire 靠自我奋斗成功的男子／百万富翁
adj. 自制的；自力更生的；自造的
 - continent, home-made

Word: tasteless
Front: tasteless
[ˈteɪstləs] (高托 17733/18938)
Back: adj. 无味的; 味道差的; 乏味的; 无判断力、鉴赏力等的
分布：无味的(66%)，无鉴赏力的(20%)，粗俗的(14%)
→来自 taste,味道，滋味，-less,无，没有。引申词义低俗的。
adjective
LIKELY TO UPSET 令人不快
■likely to upset someone 格调不高的，不得体的
• tasteless jokes 不雅的笑话
['teɪst.ləs] adjective
NO FLAVOUR 无味道的
■having no flavour 无味道的
• The meat was dry and tasteless. 这块肉干巴巴的，毫无味道。
['teɪst.ləs] adjective
NOT STYLISH 不新潮的
■not stylish 不时髦的；不新潮的
• the tasteless decor in the house 房子中没有品味的装修
adj. [食品] 无味的；无鉴赏力的
 - milk-and-water, flavourless

Word: mermaid
Front: mermaid
[ˈmɜ:meɪd] (宝 17705/19422 -1)
Vocabulary: mermaid
(once / 2236 pages)
n
If you see a beautiful woman with a fish tale instead of legs, you can call that woman a mermaid — a mythical creature that lives in the ocean. If you're looking to avoid buying shoes for your whole life, become a mermaid.
Mermaids appear in folklore from around the world, from the ancient Greek sirens who were said to lure sailors to a watery death, to the Mami Wata water spirits from African mythology. The Disney version of mermaids comes from the Hans Christian Andersen story "The Little Mermaid," about a mermaid who trades her life in the sea for love with a human. Mermaid means "maid of the sea," from mere, "sea" in Middle English.
WORD FAMILY
mermaid: mermaids
USAGE EXAMPLES
Gouthière’s mermaid, for example, does not simply adorn her porphyry ewer by passively assuming the form of a handle.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
His only hobby was watching Disney movies—“Peter Pan,” “The Little Mermaid,” and so on—on rewind.
The New Yorker(Dec 22, 2016)
He also played Gator in “Memphis,” Underling in “The Drowsy Chaperone” and Sebastian in “The Little Mermaid.”
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 美人鱼; 女子游泳健将
分布：美人鱼(100%)
→mer-,海，词源同marine,mere,maid,少女。引申词义美人鱼。
美人鱼(maid女人)[mer=lake(湖)]
【记】mer海，maid（n 女仆；少女）－美人鱼
US ['mɝ:-] noun countable
■an imaginary creature described in stories, with the upper body of a woman and the tail of a fish 美人鱼
n. 美人鱼（传说中的）；女子游泳健将
 - sea-maiden

Word: underfunded
Front: underfunded
[ˌʌndəˈfʌndɪd] (17735/22702)
Back: adj. 资金不足的
分布：资金不足的(100%)
US [-dɚ-] adjective
■If an organization is underfunded, it does not receive a large enough income （机构）缺乏资金的，资金不足的
• The government does not admit that the Hospital Service is underfunded. 政府不承认医疗服务机构资金不足。

Word: auctioneer
Front: auctioneer
[ˌɔ:kʃəˈnɪə(r)] (17709/12366 -1)
Vocabulary: auctioneer
(once / 2661 pages)
nv
An auctioneer is a person who manages an auction, or a public sale at which people can bid on items. It's exciting to win the bidding at an auction and hear the auctioneer shout, "Sold!"
It's the job of an auctioneer to organize the goods for sale at an auction, as well as to oversee the bidding, often encouraging bidders to compete with each other to drive the price up. Some auctioneers call out items and prices in a distinctive, rapid, sing-song voice. Auctioneer comes from auction, which has a Latin root: auctionem, "increasing sale or public sale," from augere, "to increase."
WORD FAMILY
auctioneer: auctioneered, auctioneering, auctioneers+/ auction: auctioned, auctioneer, auctioning, auctions
USAGE EXAMPLES
The 1788 portrait was by British painter Thomas Gainsborough, who was a close friend of the auctioneer.
BBC(Dec 05, 2016)
The revolver sold for more than seven times the estimate, according to auctioneers Christie's.
BBC(Nov 30, 2016)
As guest auctioneer, Page was drumming up support for Kent Community Services, which in part benefits the Ben Curtis Family Foundation to assist needy children.
Golf Digest(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: n. 拍卖人，拍卖商
vt. 拍卖
时态：auctioneered, auctioneering, auctioneers
分布：拍卖人(52%)，拍卖商(48%)
US [ˌɑ:k.ʃə'nɪr] noun countable
■a person in charge of an auction who calls out the prices that people offer 拍卖人；拍卖商
vt. [贸易] 拍卖
 - auction sale, be on sale

Word: clink
Front: clink
[klɪŋk] (17639/25577)
Back: vt. & vi. （使）发出叮当声
n. 叮当声; 劈楔；牢房
时态：clinked, clinking, clinks
分布：叮当声(100%)
→拟声词。俚语监狱，模仿镣铐发出的声音。
verb intransitive or transitive
■to (cause something to) make a short ringing sound like pieces of glass or metal knocking lightly together （使）发出叮当声，（使）叮当作响
• The ice clinked as she dropped it into the glass. 她把冰块丢入玻璃杯，冰块叮当作响。
• We all clinked our glasses together and drank to a happy new year. 我们大家一起碰杯，祝贺新年快乐。
[klɪŋk] noun
SOUND 声音
only singular
■a short ringing sound like pieces of glass or metal knocking lightly together （使）发出叮当声，（使）叮当作响
• I could hear the clink of coins in his pocket. 我听到他口袋里的硬币叮当作响。
[klɪŋk] noun
PRISON 监狱
[S or U] informal
■prison 监狱，牢房
• Everyone always said Joe would end up in (the) clink. 大家都说乔总有一天要坐牢。
n. 叮当声； [建] 劈楔；牢房
 - clonk, cage
vi. 发叮当声
 - clank

Word: equalize
Front: equalize
[ˈi:kwəlaɪz] (17737/23113 -2)
Back: vt. & vi. 使相等; 补偿; 使均衡; 打成平局
时态：equalized, equalizing, equalizes
分布：划一(100%)
(UK usually equalise) ['i:.kwə.laɪz] verb
transitive
■to make things or people equal 使相等；使均等；使平等
• They are putting pressure on the government to equalize state pension ages between men and women. 他们正在向政府施压，以在国家老人年金发放的年龄问题上实现男女平等。
intransitive UK
■to get the point in a game or competition that makes your score the same as that of the other team or player 打成平手，扳平比分
• Spain managed to equalize in the last minute of the game. 西班牙队在比赛的最后一分钟将比分扳平。
vt. 补偿；使相等
 - pay, to make up for
vi. 成为相等；打成平局
 - even, draw against

Word: stunningly
Front: stunningly
['stʌnɪŋlɪ] (17740/20126)
Back: adv. 绝妙地; 极好地; 令人震惊地; 使人目瞪口呆地
分布：令人目瞪口呆地(50%)，惊人地(50%)
ADJ-GRADED
极有魅力的;给人以深刻印象的;绝妙的
A stunning person or thing is extremely beautiful or impressive.
例：She was 55 and still a stunning woman...她已经 55 岁了，但依然美艳动人。
例：A stunning display of fireworks lit up the sky.美轮美奂的焰火表演照亮了夜空。
ADJ-GRADED
令人惊奇万分的;令人震惊的;极不寻常的
A stunning event is extremely unusual or unexpected.
例：The minister resigned last night after a stunning defeat in Sunday's vote...在周日的选举中意外惨败后，部长于昨晚辞职。
例：The secret that the priest had confided to him was a stunning piece of news.神父吐露给他的秘密真是条惊天大新闻。
adv. 绝妙地；令人震惊地；使人目瞪口呆地
 - marvellously

Word: achiever
Front: achiever
[əˈtʃi:və(r)] (17640/25444 -1)
Back: n. 有成就的人; 获得成功的人
分布：成功者(72%)，有成就的人(28%)
US [-vɚ] noun
high/low achiever
■a person who achieves more/less than the average 成绩（或业绩）出众 ／ 落后的人
• Not enough attention is given to the low achievers in the class. 班里的落后生没有得到足够的关注。

Word: disdain
Front: disdain
[dɪsˈdeɪn] (研托雅宝 9653/14143 -1)
Vocabulary: disdain
(once / 426 pages)
nv
If you feel that something isn't worthy of your consideration, you may disdain it (or treat it with disdain).
In Old French, deignier meant "to treat something as worthy." To disdain something, then, is to treat it with contempt: "Management at [the company] displayed a certain disdain for safety and appeared to regard safety-conscious workers as wimps in the organization." As a verb, disdain carries an air of self-righteousness not associated with similar words like despise, abhor, detest, loathe and scorn. So if you disdain something, you might reject it with a haughty scoff, "Ha!"
WORD FAMILY
disdain: disdained, disdainful, disdaining, disdains+/ disdainful: disdainfully, disdainfulness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Perhaps you read that and nodded, “Done! Next!” solely based on a general disdain for reality television.
Salon(Jan 01, 2017)
They experienced elite disdain for Trump as evidence he might be the one to turn it around.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
Playing up his Southern backwoods roots, his military career and his disdain of the political establishment, he treated politics as a form of performance art.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 鄙视，轻蔑
vt. 鄙视; 不屑于做，不愿意做
时态：disdained, disdaining, disdains
分布：蔑视(55%)，轻蔑(45%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。-dain, 同-dign, 尊贵，词源同dignity, decent.即使不尊贵，蔑视。
【记】dis不，dai戴n象帽子：武警官兵不戴帽子见老江：轻视dis不，dain＝dign高贵，值得－不高贵－鄙视
【参】dignity（n 尊严；高贵）；deign（v 屈尊）；disdainful（adj 轻蔑的）
【反】treat favorably（亲切地对待）；adulation（n 阿谀奉承）
[dɪs'deɪn] formal
noun uncountable
■when you dislike someone or something and think that they do not deserve your interest or respect 轻视，蔑视，鄙视
• He regards the political process with disdain. 他对这一政治进程持鄙视的态度。
[dɪs'deɪn] formal
verb transitive
■to feel disdain for someone or something 鄙视，蔑视，轻视
• The older musicians disdain the new, rock-influenced music. 老一代音乐家鄙视新出现的摇滚风格的音乐。
disdain to do sth
■to refuse to do something because you feel too important to do it 不屑于做…
n. 蔑视
 - defiance, snotnose

Word: foolishly
Front: foolishly
['fu:lɪʃlɪ] (17742/15177)
Back: adv. 愚蠢地，可笑地
分布：愚蠢地(100%)
ADJ-GRADED
(举止或行为)愚蠢的，傻的，笨的
If someone's behaviour or action is foolish, it is not sensible and shows a lack of good judgment.
例：It would be foolish to raise hopes unnecessarily...无谓地燃起人们的希望是愚蠢的。
例：It is foolish to risk skin cancer.冒患上皮肤癌的风险是愚蠢的。
ADJ-GRADED
傻的;蠢的;显得难堪的
If you look or feel foolish, you look or feel so silly or ridiculous that people are likely to laugh at you.
例：I just stood there feeling foolish and watching him...我只是傻傻地站在那里看着他。
例：I didn't want him to look foolish and be laughed at.我不希望见到他出丑，被别人嘲笑。
adv. 愚笨地；无聊地；可笑地
 - unwisely, nonsensically

Word: outreach
Front: outreach
[ˈaʊtri:tʃ] (7906/21334)
Back: v. 到达顶端，超越
n. 延伸，拓广; 扩大服务范围
adj. 扩大服务的
分布：伸出(30%)，超过(28%)，拓广(21%)，扩大服务(14%)，比 ... 到达更远(7%)
→out-,向外，reach,伸展，够到。引申词义外展服务。
adjective [before noun]
■bringing medical or similar services to people at home or to where they spend time 扩大服务范围的，外展服务的
• an outreach worker/centre 外展服务工作人员／中心
• An AIDS outreach program for prostitutes on the streets. 针对街头妓女的爱滋病外展服务计划
vt. 超越，伸出；超出…的范围
 - extend, top, finger, surpass
vi. 拓广，延伸
 - reach, range
n. 延伸，拓广；扩大服务范围
 - reach, extention

Word: feathery
Front: feathery
[ˈfeðəri] (17736/21229)
Back: adj. 生有羽毛的，柔软如羽毛的; 软绵绵
分布：柔软如羽毛的(53%)，生有羽毛的(47%)
US [-ɚ.i] adjective
■soft or delicate, or made of many very small and delicate pieces 柔软的；细腻的；羽毛似的
• feathery clouds/foliage/leaves 轻柔的云／树叶／叶子
• feathery blond hair 柔软的金发

Word: celibate
Front: celibate
[ˈselɪbət] (宝 17726/21292)
Vocabulary: celibate
(once / 2398 pages)
adjn
A person who refrains from being sexually active is celibate. "They dated for three years in high school but committed to staying celibate until marriage — something they were grateful for after breaking up and marrying others when they got older.
While celibate comes from a 17th-century Latin term for "unmarried," today it's used for all people who don't engage in sexual activity. Priests and nuns vow to remain celibate as part of their religious commitments, and many youth groups and religious organizations promote staying celibate until marriage. As a noun, a celibate refers to one who practices celibacy — like the priests and nuns we mentioned.
WORD FAMILY
celibate: celibacy, celibates
USAGE EXAMPLES
Oh, yeah, Cannon also said, in response to grilling by the show’s hosts, "I attempt to be celibate, but stuff always happens."
Los Angeles Times(Nov 22, 2016)
Roman leads a quiet, celibate life and devotes his day to prayer and work.
Washington Times(Nov 13, 2016)
“I was celibate for like a year,” he said.
New York Times(Nov 02, 2016)
Back: n. 独身者
adj. 独身者的
分布：禁欲的(35%)，独身的(31%)，独身者(28%)，无性生活的人(6%)
→来自拉丁词caelebs，未婚的。
独身者(celib不结婚)[-ate 1.表动词"做,造成"2.表形容词"具有…的"3.表名词"人或地位"]
独身生活的人a独身的[celib=single(单个)]
【记】celib未婚的－独身的人ce读：色，libate＝liberate（v 自由，解放）：在色上比较自由－因为没结婚，没人管。
【参】celibacy（n 独身生活；禁欲；贞洁）
adjective
■not having sexual activity, especially because of making a religious promise to do this （尤指因为宗教承诺）独身的，禁欲的，没有性生活的
['sel.ɪ.bət] noun countable formal
■a person who does not have sex 禁欲者，无性生活者
adj. 独身的；禁欲的
 - stoical

Word: catalytic
Front: catalytic
[ˌkætə'lɪtɪk] (17722/13012 -1)
Back: adj. 接触反应的; 起催化作用的
n. 催化剂; 刺激因素
分布：接触反应的(55%)，催化的(45%)
ADJ
(化学物质)起催化作用的，有催化性的
In chemistry, a catalytic substance or a substance with catalytic properties is a substance which increases the speed of a chemical reaction.
例：...carbon molecules with unusual chemical and catalytic properties.具有特殊化学性质和催化性的碳分子
ADJ-GRADED
催化性的；促进性的；刺激性的
If you describe a person or thing as having a catalytic effect, you mean that they cause things to happen or they increase the speed at which things happen.
例：Governments do, however, have a vital catalytic role in orchestrating rescue operations.然而，政府在组织协调救援行动上确实发挥了重要的促进作用。
n. [物化] 催化剂；刺激因素
 - fuel, activator

Word: trinket
Front: trinket
[ˈtrɪŋkɪt] (宝 17741/22147)
Vocabulary: trinket
(once / 2099 pages)
n
The word trinket refers to an inexpensive, flashy ornament or piece of jewelry. A rhinestone brooch to pin to your jacket is a showy trinket that won't break the bank.
Trinkets aren't always made to be worn like jewelry. The word trinket can also refer to novelty items such as silly magnets with sayings on them or keepsake spoons. If you've ever stopped into a store at the airport that sells goods like keychains, mugs, and buttons, then you've seen trinkets. Trinkets are often purchased on a vacation — they're small enough to stick into your pockets before you board the plane home.
WORD FAMILY
trinket: trinkets
USAGE EXAMPLES
The “whatnots” are dispersed throughout the shop and include silverware, ceramics, clothing, books and trinkets.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Soft toys and prayer books were among the mementoes and trinkets left at the scene.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
In their cards, the children ask for toys and trinkets in keeping with their young age.
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 小装饰品; 小件饰物; 无价值的琐细杂物; 小玩意儿
分布：不值钱的珠宝(60%)，廉价的小装饰品(40%)
→词源不详，可能鼻音化自 trick,把戏，戏法，-et,小词后缀。引申词义小装饰物，小物品等。
【记】tri三流，nk，et小：三流的小东西－小装饰品
noun countable
■a small decorative object, or a piece of jewellery that is cheap or of low quality 小件饰物；廉价珠宝
• She always returns from vacation with a few souvenirs, even if they're only cheap trinkets. 她渡假回来时总要带几样小纪念品，即便只是些廉价的小饰物。
n. 小装饰品；不值钱的小玩意儿
 - toy, nick-nack
vi. 密谋
 - plot, collogue

Word: eulogy
Front: eulogy
[ˈju:lədʒi] (托宝 17738/22726)
Vocabulary: eulogy
(once / 1415 pages)
n
At every funeral, there comes a moment when someone speaks about the life of the person who died. The speaker is delivering what is known as a eulogy. A eulogy is a formal speech that praises a person who has died.
Usually a eulogy makes the dead person sound a lot more impressive than they really were. A couple of less common synonyms for this kind of "praise the dead" speech are panegyric and encomium. Sometimes the dead person was so unimpressive that there's nothing nice to say. And sometimes they were so awful that the only appropriate speech is a dyslogy that describes their faults and failings.
WORD FAMILY
eulogy: eulogies, eulogise, eulogist, eulogistic, eulogize +/eulogise: eulogised, eulogises, eulogising/eulogist: eulogists/ eulogistic: eulogistically/ eulogize: eulogized, eulogizes, eulogizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Modernism is our antiquity,” the historian T. J. Clark wrote in “Farewell to an Idea,” his 1999 eulogy for the art of the last century.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
But don’t expect a eulogy for the internal combustion engine any time soon.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
When he died, in the spring of 1983, eulogies poured in from all over the world.
The New Yorker(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 颂词，颂文
分布：悼词(48%)，颂词(26%)，颂扬(26%)
→eu-, 好的。-log, 说，词源同lecture, lesson.
颂辞,称赞(eu好+logy→说好话)[log,logu=speak,表示"说话"]
【反】denunciation（n 谴责）；diatribe（n 恶骂；诽谤）；defamation（n 诽谤；诋毁）；stricture（n 责难）
['ju:.lə.dʒi] formal
noun countable or uncountable
■a speech, piece of writing, poem, etc. containing great praise, especially for someone who recently died or stopped working 悼词，悼文；（为刚刚退休的人所作的）颂词，颂文
• He was the most self-effacing of men - the last thing he would have relished was a eulogy. 他为人极其谦逊，最不喜听颂辞。
• The song was a eulogy to the joys of travelling. 这是一首赞颂旅行乐趣的歌曲。
n. 悼词；颂词；颂扬；赞词
 - celebration, tribute

Word: cul-de-sac
Front: cul-de-sac
[ˈkʌl də sæk] (-1)
Back: n. 死胡同
分布：死巷(60%)，死路(40%)
→来自法语，来自拉丁语culus,底部。字面意思即bottom of the sack.
noun countable
■a short road which is blocked off at one end 死胡同，死巷
■a situation which leads nowhere 困境，死路，僵局
• an intellectual cul-de-sac 学术上的死胡同
n. （法）死巷；死路；困境
 - difficulty, corner, dilemma, fix

Word: ensconced
Front: ensconced
[enˈskɔnst] (17749/-)
Back: adj. 安置好的，安居的
v. 舒服地坐[躺着]( ensconce的过去式和过去分词 )
分布：安置(50%)，隐藏(25%)，安顿下来(25%)
US [-'skɑ:ntst] literary
adjective [after verb]
■positioned safely or comfortably somewhere 安置好的；安顿好的
• The Prime Minister is now firmly ensconced in Downing Street with a large majority. 首相以绝对优势票数获胜，现在已经稳稳立足于唐宁街了。
v. 安置；隐藏（ensconce的过去式）
 - hid, accommodated

Word: overgrow
Front: overgrow
['əʊvəˌgrəʊ] (17747/18577)
Back: v. 长满，长得超过，长得过大
时态：overgrew, overgrown, overgrowing, overgrows
分布：长过 ... 的范围)(50%)，长得太大(生长过度(50%)

Word: candlestick
Front: candlestick
[ˈkændlstɪk] (17734/19142 -1)
Back: n. 烛台
分布：烛台(100%)
noun countable
■a holder for one or more candles 烛台
n. 烛台
 - lampad, pricket

Word: irk
Front: irk
[ɜ:k] (宝 17751/22719)
Vocabulary: irk
(once / 1670 pages)
v
The verb irk means "annoy," so if the incessant barking of your next door neighbor's pug is driving you crazy, you can say that the noise irks you.
Being irked is an individual thing — what drives you crazy might be something your friend doesn't even notice. For example, it might irk your grammarian friend every time he hears someone says "ain't," but other people don't mind it. The earliest version of the word irk, irken, meant "to feel weary or tired," but it later came to mean "to tire of or to be disgusted with."
WORD FAMILY
irk: irked, irking, irks, irksome +/ irksome: irksomely, irksomer
USAGE EXAMPLES
I think it's the hypocrisy he dresses himself in that irked me most.
New York Times(Mar 27, 2013)
Last year, Russia began an air force operation in Syria to support President Bashar Assad that’s irked the U.S. in particular.
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Although the company’s researchers do publish, their work-in-progress is kept under wraps, which irks some academics.
Nature(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: vt. <正，文>使烦恼，激怒
时态：irked, irking, irks
分布：使厌倦(34%)，苦恼(25%)，使苦恼(25%)，厌倦(16%)
→来自中古英语irken,厌倦的，厌恶的，可能来自werg,工作，词源同work,organ.词义激怒可能是受ire的影响。
【记】读：饿渴－又饿又渴－很烦smirk－smile irk－又饿又渴还能smile－（v 傻笑n 假笑）
【反】cause to /make someone pleased（使某人高兴）；gratify（vt 使满足）
US [ɝ:k] slightly formal
verb transitive
■to annoy someone 使厌烦，使恼火
• The negative reply to my complaint really irked me. 对我的投诉的否定回覆着实令我气恼。
vt. 使烦恼；使厌倦
 - trouble, discompose

Word: homily
Front: homily
[ˈhɒməli] (托宝 17700/22761)
Vocabulary: homily
(once / 3642 pages)
n
A homily is a sermon or religious speech offering encouragement or moral correction. Isn’t it strange how sometimes, when you're struggling with something, a preacher comes on TV giving a homily on that same problem?! Too bad it happens when you do bad stuff, too.
In many churches and lecture halls, a homily is just a short message on a religious topic or moral issue that's meant to encourage those who hear it. Another type of homily, though, is one that's judgmental or condemning. If you hear a homily and feel better afterward, even if it delivers hard truths about right and wrong, you've heard an uplifting homily. One that leaves you mad and frustrated, however, might make you need another homily on forgiveness and self-control.
WORD FAMILY
homily: homiletic, homilies
USAGE EXAMPLES
His homily was primarily addressed to volunteer workers celebrating the Jubilee.
New York Times(Sep 03, 2016)
In his homily at Westminster Cathedral he said there was "much anxiety about the state of the world".
BBC(Dec 24, 2016)
Wednesdays, noon: Celebration of Holy Eucharist with a homily.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. （长篇）说教; 讲道，宣道
分布：说教(59%)，训诫(41%)
→来自拉丁语homilia 布道，传道，来自希腊语homilos,人群，集会，来自sem,一，一起，词源同same,assembly.引申词义说教，并成为主要词义。
US ['hɑ:.mə-] noun countable disapproving
■a piece of spoken or written advice about how someone should behave 说教，布道
• He launched into a homily on family relationships. 他开始就家庭关系进行说教。
n. 说教；训诫
 - preachment, precept

Word: irrevocably
Front: irrevocably
[ɪ'revəkəblɪ] (17752/18517)
Vocabulary: irrevocably
(once / 3784 pages)
adv
If you do something irrevocably, there's no going back. Irrevocably describes an action that can't be changed or reversed.
When something's done permanently, it's happened irrevocably. If you break off a friendship irrevocably, it's final; you will never regain that friend again. Irrevocably comes from the Latin word irrevocabilis, meaning "that cannot be recalled."
WORD FAMILY
irrevocable: irrevocably +/revocable: irrevocable / revocation: revocations/ revokable: irrevokable/ revoke: revocable, revocation, revokable, revoked, revokes, revoking
USAGE EXAMPLES
Even if you survive being shot, it changes your life irrevocably — and never for the better.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
But what’s so thrilling — and so terrifying — about this “Othello,” directed by Sam Gold, is that everything that occurs is so irrevocably inevitable.
New York Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Certainly it’s tempting to suggest that the entire sweep of comedy would be irrevocably altered.
The Guardian(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: adv. 不能取消地，不能撤回地
分布：不能取消地(78%)，不可挽回地(22%)
ADJ
不可改变的;不可推翻的
If a decision, action, or change is irrevocable, it cannot be changed or reversed.
例：It may well be worth waiting for better times before making any irrevocable commitment...最好等到更合适的时候再作出不能反悔的承诺。
例：He said the decision was irrevocable.他说这项决定是不可改变的。

Word: familiarize
Front: familiarize
[fəˈmɪliəraɪz] (托 17746/24566)
Vocabulary: familiarize
(once / 5410 pages)
v
To familiarize yourself with something is to learn about it or become comfortable with it. Once you familiarize yourself with the unusual spices, you'll probably find Indian food delicious.
You can familiarize yourself with the alphabet and particular sounds of a language before you start learning to speak it, and you can also familiarize a young child with the rules before her first trip to an art museum. Originally, familiarize meant "to make well-known," from familiar, from the Latin familiaris, "familiar or intimate," and the verb-forming suffix -ize.
WORD FAMILY
familiarize: familiarization, familiarized, familiarizes, familiarizing+/ familiar: familiarise, familiarity, familiarize, familiarly, familiars, overfamiliar, unfamiliar /familiarise: familiarisation, familiarised, familiarises, familiarising/ familiarity: familiarities/ unfamiliar: unfamiliarity, unfamiliarly/unfamiliarity: unfamiliarities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Through his years as Santa, Carter incidentally familiarized himself with two students long before they were high school students.
Washington Times(Dec 16, 2016)
How do you familiarize yourself with a new locale?
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
“When meeting with a new babysitter, you will want to walk them through your child’s routine and get them familiarized with your home,” Perkins says.
Washington Post(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: vt. 使（某人）熟悉，使通晓
时态：familiarized, familiarizing, familiarizes
分布：使熟悉(100%)
verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [R] familiarize yourself with sth (ALSO UK usually familiarise yourself with sth)
■to learn about something 了解，熟悉
• We spent a few minutes familiarizing ourselves with the day's schedule. 我们花了几分钟时间熟悉当天的日程表。
vt. 使熟悉
 - acquaint sb. with

Word: face-lift
Front: face-lift
['feɪsl'ɪft] None
Back: v. 翻新门面，作整形手术
n. 翻新
分布：翻新(67%)，整形外科手术(33%)
n. 翻新
 - refurbishment

Word: uncomplicated
Front: uncomplicated
[ʌnˈkɒmplɪkeɪtɪd] (17758/14396 -1)
Back: adj. 简单的; 不复杂的; [医]无合并症的
分布：不复杂的(100%)
ADJ
不复杂的；简单的
If you describe someone or something as uncomplicated, you approve of them because they are easy to deal with or understand.
例：She is a beautiful, uncomplicated girl.她是一个美丽而率真的女孩。
例：...good, fresh British cooking with its uncomplicated, direct flavours.新鲜可口的英式菜肴，简单而又原汁原味
adj. 简单的；不复杂的
 - simple, plain

Word: whence
Front: whence
[wens] (17756/14175 -1)
Vocabulary: whence
(once / 161 pages)
adv
Use the adverb whence as an old-fashioned way to say "from which" or "from where." If you found a hundred dollar bill on the ground, you might ask, "Whence did this money come?"
Not many people use the word whence these days — you're most likely to hear it in a Shakespeare play or if a speaker is trying to sound especially formal. Many people say, "from whence," as in "Throw that fish back in the sea from whence it came," although strictly speaking the "from" is unnecessary. Instead, a dinner party guest could ask, "Whence came this delicious fish?"
WORD FAMILY
whence
USAGE EXAMPLES
So sometimes the traveler is asked whence will come their succor.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 23, 2016)
The premise is that antlike insects from space have infested Washington’s cherry blossoms, whence they crawl into people’s ears and consume half their brains.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 10, 2016)
But Phelan knows he will need his fair share of luck to ensure they do not return from whence they came in May.
The Guardian(Oct 31, 2016)
Back: adv. 从何处，从那里; （到）…的地方; 出于什么原因
n. 来源，来处，根源
pron. 哪里，何处
conj. 从那个地方; 由此，据此
分布：何处(37%)，从哪里(30%)，哪里(23%)，据此(5%)，出于什么原因(5%)
→when,来自其原始含义之一，哪里，词源同where,何处，哪里，-ce,属格后缀。
[wents] formal
adverb conjunction
■(from) where 从那里
• It has been returned to the shop from whence it came. 已经把它退还给原商店了。
n. 根源
 - parent, principle, root

Word: semantics
Front: semantics
[sɪˈmæntɪks] (17590/10793)
Vocabulary: semantics
(once / 28969 pages)
n
Semantics is the study of meaning in language. It can be applied to entire texts or to single words. For example, "destination" and "last stop" technically mean the same thing, but students of semantics analyze their subtle shades of meaning.
To correctly pronounce semantics — which is a singular noun even though it ends in s — accent the second syllable: "suh-MAN-ticks." In the late 1800s, Michel Bréal coined the term sémantique to describe the psychology of language. That French word has its origins in Greek: semantikos means "significant," and comes from semainein "to show, signify, indicate by a sign." Semantics investigates the meaning of language.
WORD FAMILY
semantics: semanticist+/ semantic: semantically, semantics /semanticist: semanticists
USAGE EXAMPLES
How disappointing to see an agency with unsolved problems taking time with semantics.
Seattle Times(Nov 08, 2016)
You have to pay attention to semantics...nasty woman is really different from "you're so nasty" or "such a nasty person."
New York Times(Nov 04, 2016)
“Your agency’s focus on semantics creates doubt in our mind that it has learned from its mistakes.”
Seattle Times(Nov 04, 2016)
Back: n. 语义学; 词义学
分布：语义学(96%)，符号学(4%)
→semantic,语义的，-ics,学科。
US [-tˌɪks] noun uncountable
■the study of meanings in a language 语意学
• Syntax describes the rules by which words can be combined into sentences, while semantics describes what they mean. 句法描述单词组成句子的规则，而语意学则描述它们的意义。
n. [语] [计] 语义学；语义论
 - onomasiology

Word: conceit
Front: conceit
[kənˈsi:t] (六托宝 17757/19353 -1)
Vocabulary: conceit
(once / 915 pages)
1n 2n
If you’re always boasting and can’t stop talking about yourself, you have that character flaw known as conceit. Your friends — if you have any — may also complain about your arrogance, vanity, and egotism.
A conceit can also be an artistic device — probably a little forced — like the plot of a movie built on the conceit of everything that happens being foretold in song. You might find an architectural conceit in a Baroque palace, where you think you’re looking down a long hallway lined with columns, but when you get closer you see that it's really a mural painted in perspective so that the columns only seem to disappear in the distance.
WORD FAMILY
conceit: conceits
USAGE EXAMPLES
The film’s heist conceit was kind of a line in the sand for a lot of people.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
It’s a clever enough conceit, doomed by a bungled meet cute.
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
But even these relatively simple moments are transformed and complicated by the sheer audacity of Larraín’s stylistic conceits.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 自负; 幻想; 思想，观点; 巧妙构思
v. 幻想; 〈古〉理解
分布：自负(77%)，幻想(13%)，好评(6%)，个人观点(2%)，字字珠玑(2%)
→词源同conceive, concept. 原指形成思想和概念的，后指异想天开的，盲目自大的。
自豪;自大[cap,capt,cept,ceive,cip,cup=take,hold,seize,表示"拿,抓,握住"]
【记】con共同，ceit＝ceive拿－拿出架子－自负con一起，ce塞，it他：因为他太能吹牛了，太自负了，所以我们决定一起把他的嘴塞上。
【参】conceited（adj 自负的，自高自大的）
noun
PRIDE 骄傲
uncountable
■when you are too proud of yourself and your actions 自负，自大
• The conceit of that man is incredible! 那人极度自负！
[kən'si:t] noun
COMPARISON 比较
countable literary
■a clever or surprising comparison, especially in a poem （尤指诗歌中）巧妙的比喻，别出心裁的比喻
n. 自负；狂妄；幻想
 - ego, pretentiousness
vt. 幻想
 - have vision of, fantasize

Word: lynch
Front: lynch
[lɪntʃ] (宝 17761/12600 -2)
Vocabulary: lynch
(once / 834 pages)
v
To lynch is to murder, or unlawfully kill. When an angry mob kills someone they believe is guilty of a crime, they lynch that person.
Through history, when a group of people murders someone, especially by hanging him by the neck, they are usually said to lynch him. This was unfortunately not uncommon during the Civil Rights struggle of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries in the American South: if a white community believed an African American had done something wrong, they would sometimes lynch him. Lynch is named after Justice Charles Lynch, who condoned mob justice during the American Revolution.
WORD FAMILY
lynch: lynched, lynches, lynching +/ lynching: lynchings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Whose Marshawn Lynch look-alike draft pick from last season, running back Matt Jones, didn’t even dress for the second half of the season?
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Lynch, a former steelworker, was elected to Congress in 2001.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
It’s hard for Lynch to believe it’s been that long.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 以私刑处死（被认为有罪的人）
n. 私刑
时态：lynched, lynching, lynches
分布：处以私刑(100%)
→缩写自Lynch law,私刑法。词源有多种版本，其中一个版本是1780年美国弗吉利亚州某小镇治安长官William Lynch,因经常私自拘禁，惩罚，处死犯人而被人所知。
【记】源于：lunch－吃饭后处死读：陵迟（处死）
verb transitive
■If a crowd of people lynch someone who they believe is guilty of a crime, they kill them without a legal trial, usually by hanging (= killing using a rope round the neck). 用私刑处死（被认为有罪的人，通常指绞刑）
n. 私刑；私刑处死；（英）田埂
 - mob law

Word: conservatively
Front: conservatively
[kən'sɜ:vətɪvlɪ] (17762/23119)
Back: adv. 保存地; 保守地; 谨慎地
分布：保守地(50%)，谨慎地(50%)
ADJ
(英国)保守党的，支持保守党的
A Conservative politician or voter is a member of or votes for the Conservative Party in Britain.
例：Most Conservative MPs appear happy with the government's reassurances.大多数保守党下议院议员似乎都对政府的再三保证感到满意。
例：...disenchanted Conservative voters.不再抱任何幻想的保守党选民
ADJ-GRADED
持右翼观点的
Someone who is conservative has right-wing views.
例：...counties whose citizens invariably support the most conservative candidate in any election.其民众在任何选举中均铁定支持观点最右倾的候选人的几个郡
ADJ-GRADED
保守的;因循守旧的
Someone who is conservative or has conservative ideas is unwilling to accept changes and new ideas.
例：People tend to be more aggressive when they're young and more conservative as they get older...人们年轻的时候往往较为激进，而随着年龄的增长会变得保守起来。
例：It is essentially a narrow and conservative approach to child care.这实质上是一种狭隘的、因循守旧的照顾孩子的方法。
ADJ-GRADED
(衣着)传统的，保守的
If someone dresses in a conservative way, their clothes are conventional in style.
例：The girl was well dressed, as usual, though in a more conservative style.这个女孩穿得一如往日那样讲究，只是风格比平日更为传统。
ADJ-GRADED
(估计或猜测)保守的，稳妥的
A conservative estimate or guess is one in which you are cautious and estimate or guess a low amount which is probably less that the real amount.
例：A conservative estimate of the bill, so far, is about £22,000...到目前为止，这笔账单保守估计为大约2.2万英镑。
例：This guess is probably on the conservative side.这个猜测可能偏于保守。
adv. 谨慎地；保存地；适当地
 - properly, well, adequately, deliberately, appropriately

Word: antipathy
Front: antipathy
[ænˈtɪpəθi] (托宝 17759/14122 -1)
Vocabulary: antipathy
(once / 1698 pages)
n
An antipathy is a deep-seated dislike of something or someone. Usually it's a condition that is long-term, innate, and pretty unlikely to change — like your antipathy for the Red Sox.
If you look at the Greek roots of this word — anti- (meaning "against") and pathos (meaning "feeling"), you can see that antipathy is a feeling against someone or something. In general, antipathies are considered feelings that are kept at least somewhat under wraps and are not out on the surface.
WORD FAMILY
antipathy: antipathetic, antipathetical, antipathies+/antipathetic: antipathetically
USAGE EXAMPLES
This looks like little more than a cynical ploy to stoke public antipathy to federal regulation.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
For all his antipathy toward Trump, Rossen said he wouldn’t mind if the country’s new leader is in New York as often as possible.
Washington Post(Dec 18, 2016)
But it was bracing coming from a candidate whose election was powered by antipathy toward elites.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 反感; 引起反感的事物; 憎恶的对象; <古>（在本性、倾向等方面的）不相容
分布：反感(79%)，憎恶(13%)，不相容(8%)
→前缀anti-, 相对，相反。词根path, 感觉，见apathetic, 冷漠的。
反感(anti+pathy感情)[anti-表示"反对,相反"]
反感(anti反+pathy→反感情)[path=feeling,suffering,illness,表示"感情,痛苦,病"]
【记】anti反，pathy感情－反感
【参】apathy（n 冷漠）；sympathy（n 同情）
【反】affection（n 友爱）；benevolence（n 仁爱心，善行）；settled fondness（坚定的喜爱）；propensity（n 偏好）；proclivity（n 倾向；癖好）；affinity（n 密切关系；吸引力）
noun countable or uncountable
■(an example of) strong dislike, opposition or anger 憎恶，厌恶；反感
• Despite the deep antipathies between them, the two sides have managed to negotiate an agreement. 尽管双方芥蒂很深，但还是设法通过谈判达成了一项协议。
• Declarations of racial antipathy against ethnic minorities will not be tolerated. 公开声明对于少数民族的仇视是不可容忍的。
• He is a private man with a deep antipathy to/towards the press. 他是个喜欢独处的人，对新闻界非常反感。
n. 反感；厌恶；憎恶；不相容
 - hate, allergy

Word: notepad
Front: notepad
[ˈnəʊtpæd] (17692/23439)
Back: n. 便条簿
分布：笔记本(54%)，记事本(46%)
US ['noʊt-] noun countable
PAPER
■a set of sheets of plain or lined paper, joined at the top edge, for writing on 便条簿，记事本
• a plain/ruled notepad 未印条格／印有条格的便条簿
• a reporter's notepad 记者的记事本
UK ['nəʊt.pæd] US ['noʊt-] noun countable
COMPUTER 电脑 (also notepad computer)
■a very small computer which you can carry easily 微型电脑，笔记本（型）电脑，手提电脑
n. 笔记本；记事手册
 - jotter, pocketbook

Word: gratify
Front: gratify
[ˈgrætɪfaɪ] (托宝 17764/18941 -1)
Vocabulary: gratify
(once / 212 pages)
v
To gratify is to give satisfaction. So if you've managed to get straight A's in school, what you did was gratify your parents — and it probably felt pretty gratifying to you too.
There's a strange taint to the word gratify. Sure, it means to do one's best to please, like the little straight-A student that you are, but there's also a hint of indulgence about the word. How often have you heard the phrase "gratify one's desires" used disapprovingly? Slightly hoggish, a bit self-indulgent, that's gratify for you.
WORD FAMILY
gratify: gratification, gratified, gratifies, gratifying+/ gratification: gratifications, self-gratification/gratified: gratifiedly, ungratified/gratifying: gratifyingly, ungratifying
USAGE EXAMPLES
The menu: A short selection of sandwiches, soups and salads, plus a gratifying vegetable hash that becomes outstanding with the $2.50 addition of house-made sausage.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
But why speculate about the future when the present is so unfamiliarly gratifying?
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
So one of the most gratifying qualities of “Hidden Figures” is how it bursts onto the screen like a shot of distilled, exhilarating joy.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: vt. 使高兴; 使满意
时态：gratified, gratifying, gratifies
分布：使满足(52%)，使高兴(48%)
→来自grace, 恩惠，眷顾，神恩。原为宗教用语，指神对人的愉悦，高兴，恩宠，同时，也可理解为神对人的致意，感谢（人的善行）。后词义通用化。词源同grateful, congratulation.
使满足;喜悦(grat+ify使...→使[人]满足,高兴)[grat,gree=pleasing,表示"感激,高兴"]
【记】grat高兴
【参】gratulant（adj 表示满足的）；gratitude（n 感激之情）；
【反】aggrieve（v 使苦恼）；irk（v 使苦恼）；displease（v 使不快）
US ['grætˌ.ə-] verb transitive
■to please someone, or to satisfy a wish or need 使高兴；使满意；满足（某人的愿望、需求等）
• We were gratified by the response to our appeal. 呼吁得到积极的响应， 我们感到非常欣慰。
• [+ to infinitive] He was gratified to see how well his students had done. 看到学生们成绩如此出众，他非常高兴。
vt. 使满足；使满意，使高兴
 - content, please, glad, satisfy

Word: rustle
Front: rustle
[ˈrʌsl] (宝 12778/15551 -1)
Vocabulary: rustle
(once / 438 pages)
1vn 2v
A rustle can be the dry sounds made by papers rubbing together or leaves crackling. It can also be the act of searching, stealing, finding food, or making rustle sounds.
Rustle has a whole lotta meanings! Walking home late at night, you hear a rustle behind you. Maybe it’s just leaves, but you’re spooked, so you rustle around in your knapsack, searching for a weapon. You turn, and it’s just a hungry friend, so you bring him home and rustle up some food from your cupboards. As your friend leaves, he rustles all your cows and takes them away.
WORD FAMILY
rustle: rustled, rustler, rustles, rustling +/rustler: rustlers/ rustling: rustlingly, rustlings
USAGE EXAMPLES
A gentle breeze rustled palm trees Wednesday as the president’s motorcade traveled from his Kailua vacation home to a nearby Marine Corps base gym.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Only occasionally do they pause, perhaps hearing a light rustle on the fallen leaves or glimpsing something scampering among the dark green foliage.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
But the 43-year-old challenger is still trying to rustle up support ahead of the morning vote.
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 发出沙沙的声音
n. 沙沙声; 急忙; 飒飒声
时态：rustled, rustling, rustles
分布：沙沙声(38%)，飒飒声(18%)，发出沙沙声(18%)，瑟瑟声(10%)，急速弄到(8%)，沙沙作响地移动(8%)
verb
MAKE NOISE 发出声音
intransitive or transitive
■If things such as paper or leaves rustle, or if you rustle them, they move about and make a soft, dry sound 使（纸或树叶等）沙沙作响，使发出轻轻的摩擦声；使沙沙作响地移动
• The leaves rustled in the breeze. 树叶在微风中飒飒作响。
• He rustled his papers (= noisily moved them about) to hide his embarrassment. 他哗啦哗啦地翻动文件，以此来掩饰他的尴尬。
[rʌsl] verb
STEAL 偷
transitive mainly US
■to steal farm animals 偷（牧场的牲畜）
[rʌsl] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] rustle sth up informal
■to make something quickly, usually a meal from the food that is available 很快制作；仓促凑成；（通常指用现有的食物）凑合做成一顿饭
• Give me a minute and I'll rustle something up for supper. 给我一点时间，我去随便做点晚饭。
[rʌsl] noun only singular
■the sound made by the movement of things such as leaves or paper 纸或树叶等沙沙作响
n. 沙沙声；急忙；飒飒声
 - hurry, froufrou

Word: saltwater
Front: saltwater
[ˈsɔ:ltˌwɔ:tə, -ˌwɔtə] (17750/-)
Back: adj. 盐水的; 海产的
分布：盐水的(63%)，海产的(37%)
adj. 盐水的；海产的
 - marine, sea-born

Word: downed
Front: downed
['daʊnd] (17766/44651)
Back: v. 放下( down的过去式和过去分词 ); （尤指大口或快速地）喝下; 使摔倒; 击落（敌机等）
分布：击落的(67%)，击倒的(20%)，动词down的过去式和过去分词.(13%)

Word: swoon
Front: swoon
[swu:n] (17769/25549)
Vocabulary: swoon
(once / 1287 pages)
vn
To swoon is to faint, due to lack of blood to the brain. Illness, fear, stress, and even happiness can cause people to swoon.
Swoon is an old-fashioned way to say "pass out": back in the day, ladies in corsets were always swooning at the slightest stress or smallest nod from a handsome man. Although this word technically means "to faint," today it has more of a positive connotation and isn't used so literally — people say they swoon when they encounter something so wonderful it makes them dizzy with joy. Chocolate cupcakes, the perfect dress, or a stellar home run could make you swoon.
WORD FAMILY
swoon: swooned, swooning, swoons+/swooning: swooningly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Does the Trump team really think private-equity investors will swoon over repairing plumbing?
Wall Street Journal(Dec 18, 2016)
At the Democratic convention in July, I watched an arena of people lose their cool and swoon over her.
The Guardian(Dec 03, 2016)
Louisville’s late-season swoon is being more harshly penalized — which might be fair considering the teams it lost to the last two weeks.
Seattle Times(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: vi. & n. <文>昏厥，昏倒
时态：swooned, swooning, swoons
分布：晕倒(54%)，昏厥(40%)，动感情(6%)
→来自中古英语 swonen,昏厥，昏倒，来自古英语 swogan,窒息，闷死，发出嗯嗯声，来自 Proto-Germanic*swogana,发出嗯嗯声，来自 swaghe,哭喊，嚎哭，哀号，词源同 sough, 飒飒声响。引申比喻义痴迷，迷得神魂颠倒等。
verb intransitive
■to feel a lot of pleasure, love, etc. because of something or someone 狂喜；神魂颠倒
• The audience swooned with delight. 观众欣喜若狂。
■old-fashioned literary
■to faint 昏厥，晕倒
[swu:n] noun countable old-fashioned literary
■a faint (= state of suddenly becoming unconscious) 昏厥，晕倒
vi. 昏晕；惊讶；着迷
 - wonder, revel in
n. 昏晕；狂喜
 - transport, ecstasy

Word: climax
Front: climax
[ˈklaɪmæks] (研六托雅宝 10683/6990 -2)
Vocabulary: climax
(once / 675 pages)
nv
When something — like a movie or piece of music — reaches its most important or exciting part, that's the climax. A climax is a high point.
When you're on a roller coaster and you reach the highest point, that's the climax of the ride. This word is also used often in art and entertainment. In an adventure movie, there's usually a moment near the end when there's a lot of danger, suspense, and action — a point the whole movie has been building towards. That's the climax. After a climax, tension is released and things calm down. After a climax, you probably want to say "Whew!"
WORD FAMILY
climax: anticlimax, climactic, climaxed, climaxes, climaxing+/anticlimactic: anticlimactical, anticlimactically/ anticlimax: anticlimactic, anticlimaxes/ climactic: climactically
USAGE EXAMPLES
That really for me became the emotional climax of the whole film.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 01, 2016)
The German beat the Briton by five points after a long battle over 21 races climaxed in Abu Dhabi on Sunday.
BBC(Nov 30, 2016)
But how do women know for sure if they are climaxing?
The Guardian(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: n. 顶点，极点; 高潮; 层进法; [生物学]顶极群落
vt. & vi. 达到顶点; 达到巅峰; 使达到高潮; 使达到性高潮
时态：climaxed, climaxing, climaxes
分布：高潮(92%)，极点(5%)，层进法(3%)
→来自klei,倾斜，词源同lean,incline.-ax,表示最高级，词源同apex,next,approximate.
n.顶点,高潮The slim Muslim reached his climax when he found the axis of the galaxy.苗条的穆斯林在发现银河的轴线时达到了(人生的)顶点.
noun countable
■the most important or exciting point in a story or situation, which usually happens near the end 高潮；最精彩的部分；顶点
• The climax of the air show was a daring flying display. 航空展的高潮是惊险刺激的飞行表演。
• The election campaign reaches its climax next week. 下周竞选活动将进入白热化阶段。
⇒ See also anticlimax
■the highest point of sexual pleasure 性高潮
['klaɪ.mæks] verb intransitive
■to reach the most important or exciting part 达到高潮；达到顶点
• The show climaxed with all the performers singing on stage together. 所有演员同台高歌把演出推向了高潮。
• The Olympics climaxed in a spectacular closing ceremony. 奥运会在壮观的闭幕式中达到了高潮。
■to reach the highest point of sexual pleasure 达到性高潮
peak, sumit, climax, top
这组词都有“顶点”的意思，其区别是：
peak: 指山峰的全部或上部。
sumit: 书面用词，指山的最顶峰部分，也指通过努力可以达到的最高水平，还指最重要的，国家间的首脑最高级会谈。
climax: 指戏剧等的高潮，也指事物发展中的极点，因此多含其后由盛而衰的意味。
top: 普通用词，可指包括人或物或其它任何的最高点或顶点。
n. 高潮；顶点；层进法；极点
 - height, summit, sky, peak, pole

Word: scratching
Front: scratching
[sk'rætʃɪŋ] (17760/15026)
Back: 刮痕
分布：刮东西时发出的刺耳声(34%)，刮到的(33%)，动词scratch的现在分词.(33%)
VERB
给…搔痒;给…挠痒
If you scratch yourself, you rub your fingernails against your skin because it is itching.
例：He scratched himself under his arm...他在胳膊下面挠了挠。
例：The old man lifted his cardigan to scratch his side...老人撩起开襟毛衣挠了挠身体的一侧。
VERB
划伤;划出痕迹
If a sharp object scratches someone or something, it makes small shallow cuts on their skin or surface.
例：The branches tore at my jacket and scratched my hands and face...树枝刮破了我的夹克，划伤了我的手和脸。
例：Knives will scratch the worktop.小刀会在工作台上留下划痕。
N-COUNT
划痕;擦痕
Scratches on someone or something are small shallow cuts.
例：The seven-year-old was found crying with scratches on his face and neck...那名 7 岁男孩被发现时正在哭泣，脸部和颈部都有划伤。
例：I pointed to a number of scratches in the tile floor.我指向地板砖上的一道道划痕。
PHRASE
从零开始;从头做起;白手起家
If you do something from scratch, you do it without making use of anything that has been done before.
例：Building a home from scratch can be both exciting and challenging...建立一个全新的家庭既让人兴奋又富于挑战。
例：Hong Kong's manufacturing industry did not start from scratch in the post-war period.战后，香港制造业的兴起并非从零开始。
PHRASE
苦苦琢磨;绞尽脑汁
If you say that someone is scratching their head, you mean that they are thinking hard and trying to solve a problem or puzzle.
例：The Institute spends a lot of time scratching its head about how to boost American productivity.该协会花费大量时间苦苦思索如何提高美国的生产力。
PHRASE
触及表面;隔靴搔痒;浅尝辄止
If you only scratch the surface of a subject or problem, you find out or do a small amount, but not enough to understand or solve it.
例：Officials say they've only scratched the surface of the drug problem...官员们说他们只是触及了毒品问题的表面。
例：We had only two weeks to tour Malaysia, which was hardly enough time to scratch the surface.我们只有两周的时间游览马来西亚，连走马观花都来不及。
PHRASE
达到标准;合格;令人满意
If you say that someone or something is not up to scratch, you mean that they are not good enough.
例：My mother always made me feel I wasn't coming up to scratch.母亲总是使我觉得自己不够优秀。
v. 划伤；擦伤；刮痕（scratch的ing形式）
 - scotching

Word: fab
Front: fab
[fæb] (17732/22059)
Back: adj. <俚>极好的，绝妙的; 奇妙的
分布：极好的(100%)
→缩写自fabulous.
极好的,极妙的(fab是fabulous的简写)[fabl,fabul=speak,表示"讲,说"]
adjective informal for
■ fabulous (GOOD)
• I bought some fab jeans on Saturday. 星期六我买了几条超棒的牛仔裤。

Word: antithetical
Front: antithetical
[ˌæntɪ'θetɪkl] (17691/25903)
Vocabulary: antithetical
(once / 20920 pages)
adj
Something is antithetical when it is in complete and utter opposition to the character of something. If you’re a vegetarian, eating giant T-bone steaks is antithetical to your beliefs.
You’ll find that antithetical is a useful word when you’re trying to express an extreme contrast. If someone is trying to convince you to do something you don’t believe in, or to allow an organization you’re involved with to adopt measures you are strongly against, you can use antithetical. You go out to vote because sitting out of the voting process is antithetical to what you believe in. If you find that your club wants to adopt exclusive measures when it is supposed to be open, you'll tell them that that's antithetical to the club's purpose.
WORD FAMILY
antithesis: antitheses, antithetical +/ thesis: antithesis, theses, thesises
USAGE EXAMPLES
And in turn, many others rejected this option as antithetical to their entire project.
Slate(Dec 16, 2016)
“It is antithetical to the values of our athletic program and of the university and will not be tolerated.”
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
“This guy is not doctrinaire or antithetical to the continued existence of his agency,” Ruch says.
Science Magazine(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: adj. 正相反的，对立的; 骈
分布：对立的(91%)，对偶的(9%)
对立的(anti反+thet放+ical→反着放→对立)[thesis,thet=setting,表示"放置"]
ADJ
相反的;对立的;不相容的
Something that is antithetical to something else is the opposite of it and is unable to exist with it.
例：Their priorities are antithetical to those of environmentalists.他们心中的当务之急和环保人士的想法背道而驰。
adj. 对立的，正相反的
 - contrary, opposite, against

Word: underpants
Front: underpants
[ˈʌndəpænts] (17710/19727 -1)
Back: n. （男用）内裤，衬裤; 裤衩
分布：名词(100%)
US [-dɚ-] (UK also pants)
plural noun
■a piece of underwear covering the area between the waist and the tops of the legs 内裤，衬裤
• a pair of underpants 一条内裤

Word: phantom
Front: phantom
[ˈfæntəm] (宝 15362/14813 -1)
Vocabulary: phantom
(once / 686 pages)
nadj
Look over there, across the room. Is that a phantom, some weary soul come back from the dead to haunt you? Maybe it’s a shadow, or maybe it’s a ghost. Either way, turn on a light and it’ll disappear. Hopefully.
Sleeping is difficult if there’s a phantom in your room, because who can rest with ghosts around? Some phantoms are real, but phantom can also be used to mean "a trick of the mind," like hearing a person outside your window, but then realizing it’s only the phantom rustling of leaves in a tree. Phantom limb is when someone loses an arm or leg, but their brain can still feel where their limb used to be.
WORD FAMILY
phantom: phantomly, phantoms
USAGE EXAMPLES
Lovell spent four years as a test pilot and later was the program manager for the F4H Phantom Fighter jet.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
These "phantom breaches" and account takeovers were proving tempting for criminal hackers, said Mr Newman.
BBC(Dec 18, 2016)
How about marginal tax rates, or too big to fail, or international trade, or the phantom stimulus spending “multiplier”?
Wall Street Journal(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 幻影; 幽灵; 错觉; 恐惧的事物
adj. 幽灵似的; 幻影的，虚幻的; 虚构的
分布：幽灵(59%)，幻影(26%)，幽灵的(8%)，幻影的(5%)，错觉的(2%)
→来自拉丁语phantasma,幽灵，鬼魂，词源同phantasm.
显现;幽灵(phan+tom)[phan=show,表示"显示"]
【记】phan显现，tom征兆－有显现的征兆－幻觉
US [-tˌəm] noun countable
■a spirit of a dead person believed by some to visit the living as a pale, almost transparent form of a person, animal or other object; a ghost 幽灵；鬼魂
• A phantom coach is said to pass through the grounds of this house when there's a full moon. 据说月圆时一辆幽灵马车就会驶过这栋房子的庭院。
• humorous The phantom wine-drinker has been around - this was almost a full bottle when I put it in the fridge (= an unknown person has been drinking the wine) ! 附近一定有嗜酒幽灵出没——我把酒放进冰箱时还几乎是满满的一瓶！
UK ['fæn.təm] US [-tˌəm] adjective [before noun]
■describes something that you imagine exists or that appears to exist, although in fact it does not 幻觉的；幻影的；虚假的
• Although she had to have her leg amputated, she still feels as though she's got a phantom limb. 尽管不得已把一条腿截去了，但她仍觉得自己仿佛有条虚幻的腿。
• They discovered it was a phantom organization set up for the processing of drug profits. 他们发现这只是一个遮人耳目、处理毒品利润的组织。
• UK Although she grew bigger and felt ill, she later discovered it was a phantom (USfalse)pregnancy. 尽管她肚子越来越大了且感到恶心，但后来却发现自己是精神性假怀孕。
n. 幽灵； [摄] 幻影；虚位
 - shadow, apparition
adj. 幽灵的； [心理] 幻觉的；有名无实的
 - spectral, ghostly

Word: three-week

Word: prepaid
Front: prepaid
[ˌpri:ˈpeɪd] (17754/39559)
Back: adj. 预付款的，资费已付的
v. 预付，先付( prepay的过去式和过去分词 ); 预付（邮资等）
分布：预付的(73%)，已支付的(18%)，动词prepay的过去式和过去分词.(9%)
→pre-,在前，早于，预先，paid,支付的。
adjective
■paid for earlier 预付的；资费已付的
• Admission tickets are $20 prepaid, $25 at the door. 预购门票每张20美元，现场售票则是25美元。
adj. [会计] [金融] 先付的，已支付的
 - disbursed

Word: mildew
Front: mildew
[ˈmɪldju:] (雅 17773/24065)
Back: n. 霉，霉病
vt. & vi. （使）发霉，（使）长霉
时态：mildewed, mildewing, mildews
分布：霉病(44%)，霉菌(32%)，发霉(22%)，生霉病(2%)
→mil-,甜的，词源同molasses,dew,露珠。该词原义为甘汁，蜜露。现词义可能是受meal(粉)影响，即粉状露珠，用以形容发霉，霉菌。
US [-du:] noun uncountable
■a black, green or whitish area caused by a fungus that grows on things such as plants, paper, cloth or buildings, usually if the conditions are warm and wet 霉；霉菌
• There are patches of mildew on the walls. 墙上出现了一块块的霉斑。
n. 霉； [植保] 霉病
 - mould
vt. 使发霉
 - mold
vi. 发霉；生霉
 - mould, go moldy

Word: unpredictability
Front: unpredictability
[ˌʌnprɪˌdɪktə'bɪlətɪ] (17775/18661)
Vocabulary: unpredictability
(once / 26324 pages)
n
It’s Uncle Marvin’s unpredictability that makes family functions so interesting — you just never know what he’s going to do! Unpredictability is the trait of doing things in a way that is irregular and cannot be predicted.
Unpredictability contains the word predictability, which describes the quality of doing things in a regular way, time after time. Unpredictability is the opposite of predictability. Because Uncle Marvin is so marked by unpredictability, you never bring your friends to family parties, fearing that Uncle Marvin might do something wacky at any moment. Unpredictability can be exciting, but it can also be scary or unpleasant never knowing what someone is going to do next.
WORD FAMILY
unpredictability: unpredictabilities+/ predict: predictable, predicted, predicting, prediction, predictive, predictor, predicts/ predictability: predictabilities/ predictable: predictability, predictably, unpredictable /predicted: unpredicted/ prediction: predictions/predictive: predictively, unpredictive/predictor: predictors/ unpredictable: unpredictability, unpredictably
USAGE EXAMPLES
As if that wasn’t a sufficiency of unpredictability, there will be critical elections in Germany and France, the EU’s two most significant actors.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
“We are facing a high level of unpredictability, and the only way of avoiding these actions is to control the territory,” Minniti said.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
“I’m dreading the unpredictability,” said John J. Lynch III, Main Line’s president and chief executive.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: 不可预测性，不可预知性
分布：不可预测性(100%)
ADJ-GRADED
无法预言的；不可预测的；难以预料的
If you describe someone or something as unpredictable, you mean that you cannot tell what they are going to do or how they are going to behave.
例：He is utterly unpredictable.他是个高深莫测的人。
例：...Britain's notoriously unpredictable weather.众所周知，英国的天气一向变幻莫测

Word: air-conditioning
Front: air-conditioning
['eərkənd'ɪʃnɪŋ] (-1)
Back: n. 空调设备，空调系统
v. 给…装上空调，用空调调节（空气）( air-condition的现在分词 )
分布：动词air-condition的现在分词形式(100%)
n.空调设备,空调系统

Word: planetarium
Front: planetarium
[ˌplænɪˈteəriəm] (雅 17660/42183)
Vocabulary: planetarium
(once / 37052 pages)
n
A planetarium is a theater where you can look at images of planets, stars, and other celestial bodies on the dome-shaped ceiling. Planetariums host school field trips by day, and can even host Pink Floyd laser light rock shows by night.
Use the noun planetarium for the projector that shines light onto the surface of the building's dome, recreating solar systems and constellations — and also for the building itself, where such a show is put on. Because planetarium is a Modern Latin word (from the roots planeta, or "planet," and -arium, "a place for,"), its plural can be either planetariums or planetaria.
WORD FAMILY
planetarium: planetaria, planetariums
USAGE EXAMPLES
During the week before the opening, Wong worked into the night transforming the Main Street Gallery into a jet-black planetarium of sorts.
Washington Times(Nov 12, 2016)
When I was 9, they took me to the Hayden Planetarium in Manhattan to see an audio-visual show about space.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 08, 2016)
Since then, planetarium visits and TV science programs on celestial marvels had only whetted our appetites.
Washington Post(Nov 03, 2016)
Back: n. 天文馆; 天象仪
分布：天文馆(69%)，天象仪(24%)，天体运转模型(7%)
→来自planet,行星，-arium,表地点。即看星星的地方，引申词义天文馆。
天文馆(planet行星)[-arium表名词"地点,场所"]
US [-'ter.i-] (plural planetariums or planetaria)
noun countable
■a building in which moving images of the sky at night are shown using a special machine 天文馆

Word: vend
Front: vend
[vend] (17739/34172)
Vocabulary: vend
(once / 1176 pages)
v
When you vend, you sell something — for example, you might have a table at a crafts fair where you vend your line of hand-knit dog clothing.
Typically, the verb vend is used when the seller is on the move in some way, setting up a stall in a street fair or hawking homemade cupcakes out of a minivan at high school football games. Another way to use vend is specifically "to sell something out of a machine," like the kind you put a dollar in and get a bag of chips in return. The Latin root is vendere, "to sell."
WORD FAMILY
vend: vendable, vended, vender, vendible, vending, vendition, vendor, vends+/vender: venders/vendible: unvendible, vendiblest/ vendor: vendors
USAGE EXAMPLES
“When they got a new vending machine, it felt like new furniture in my house,” Harriet said.
New York Times(Jan 12, 2012)
The farm, which began offering unpasteurised milk from its vending machine in March, sold about 70 litres a day.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
The expansive market, Mexico’s largest and best-known fireworks bazaar, hosted some 300 vending stalls.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: vt. 出售（尤指土地等财产）; （尤指在公共场所）贩卖; 发表（意见，言论）; 声明
时态：vended, vending, vends
分布：出售(86%)，叫卖(14%)
→缩写自拉丁语venumdare,出售，售卖，来自venum,出售，dare,给予，词源同donate.
vi. 出售
 - sell, bring to market, go to sb for
vt. 出售；公开发表
 - bring to market, go to sb for

Word: silken
Front: silken
[ˈsɪlkən] (17768/16576)
Back: adj. <文>柔软的; 光滑的; 亮洁的; 轻柔的
分布：柔软的(48%)，丝绸的(41%)，绸制的(11%)
→silk,丝，-en,相关的。
adjective [usually before noun] literary
■soft, smooth and shiny like silk 丝绸般的，柔软光滑的
• The princess in the fairy story had long silken hair. 童话故事里的公主有着如丝般顺滑的长发。
■a silken sound is one that is pleasant because it is very smooth 柔和的（柔和的声音是愉快的，因为它非常平缓、和谐）
• The actor delivered his speech in a silken voice. 这个演员以柔和的声音发言。
adj. 绸的；柔软的；丝制的
 - soft, tender

Word: kickback
Front: kickback
[ˈkɪkbæk] (17780/36577 -1)
Back: n. 强烈反应; <俚>佣金，回扣
分布：回扣(93%)，强烈的反应(7%)
→比喻用法。
noun countable
■an amount of money that is paid to someone illegally in exchange for secret help or work （不合法的）回扣，酬金
n. 回扣，佣金；强烈反应；退回赃物
 - brokerage, rake-off

Word: neurotransmitter
Front: neurotransmitter
[ˈnjʊərəʊtrænzmɪtə(r)] (托 17712/27020)
Back: n. 神经传递素
分布：神经传递素(100%)
→neuro-,神经，transmitter,传递。
noun countable []
■a chemical that carries messages between nerve cells or between nerve cells and muscles 神经传递素，是神经细胞用来在互相之间及向肌肉组织传递信号的化学物质。

Word: mystify
Front: mystify
[ˈmɪstɪfaɪ] (17781/18850 -1)
Vocabulary: mystify
(once / 1556 pages)
v
If something totally stumps you, doesn't make one lick of sense and has no logical explanation, then it's safe to say it mystifies you.
To mystify is a verb that sounds not so mysteriously like mystery. That's because something that mystifies is just that. There's no answer or explanation to be found for it. If you're mystified, you're in awe and bewilderment. The infinite nature of the universe mystifies some people. Others are mystified by the appeal of teen sensations from Ricky Nelson to Justin Bieber.
WORD FAMILY
mystify: demystify, mystification, mystified, mystifier, mystifies, mystifying+/ demystify: demystified, demystifies, demystifying/mystification: mystifications/mystifier: mystifiers/mystifying: mystifyingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Doctson, meanwhile, developed a medically mystifying Achilles’ tendon ailment that migrated from one ankle to the next.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
A showdown that hardly appeared imminent in mid-November following a mystifying four-game collapse that saw the Steelers cede control of the division to the Ravens.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Even some Russians are mystified by the story’s low-key reception.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: vt. 使神秘化; 使迷惑; 使困惑
时态：mystified, mystifying, mystifies
分布：使神秘化(58%)，迷惑(42%)
→来自mystery,神秘，-fy,使。即神秘，引申词义使迷惑，使糊涂。
verb transitive often passive
■to confuse someone by being or doing something very strange or impossible to explain 使迷惑不解；使困惑
• I was mystified by her decision. 她的决定使我迷惑不解。
• Most Americans seem totally mystified by cricket. 大多数美国人似乎完全搞不懂板球是甚么一回事。
vt. 使神秘化；使迷惑，使困惑
 - confuse, enchant

Word: mega
Front: mega
[ˈmegə] (17782/15585)
Back: adj. 宏大的; 精彩的
分布：巨大的(51%)，非常(27%)，百万”(11%)，表示“大(11%)
adjective slang
■very good or very big 非常好的；巨大的
• She's got a mega voice. 她的嗓音非常动听。
n. 百万
 - million
adj. 许多；宏大的
 - baronial, grandiose
adv. 非常
 - extremely, badly, highly, greatly, too

Word: exponential
Front: exponential
[ˌekspəˈnenʃl] (托 17748/23509)
Vocabulary: exponential
(once / 16169 pages)
nadj
Exponential describes a very rapid increase. An exponential rise in the number of first graders with head lice might be a result of all the hat sharing that's gone on lately.
Exponential is also a mathematical term, meaning "involving an exponent." When you raise a number to the tenth power, for example, that's an exponential increase in that number. When your next door neighbor describes the exponential growth of her rose bushes or the exponential increase in members of her book group, she means that there's been a sharp, fast expansion of both things.
WORD FAMILY
exponential: exponentially +/ exponent: exponential, exponentiation, exponents
USAGE EXAMPLES
“The ripple effect of those lost … There’s five, 10, 30, there’s 50 and you do the math and it’s exponential.”
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Spotting them would help confirm that the newborn universe underwent an exponential growth spurt called inflation.
Science Magazine(Dec 22, 2016)
One virus replicates to create a hundred viruses—the infection propagates more infection—and an exponential expansion ensues.
The New Yorker(Aug 15, 2016)
Back: n. 指数; 倡导者; 演奏者; 例子
adj. 指数的，幂数的; 越来越快的
分布：指数的(63%)，幂的(37%)
US [-spoʊ-] adjective
INCREASE 增长的 formal
■describes a rate of increase which becomes quicker and quicker as the thing that increases becomes larger （增长率）越来越快的，呈指数阶（增长）的
• We are looking for exponential growth in our investment. 我们希望投资能够呈指数增长。
• There has been an exponential increase in the world population this century. 本世纪世界人口一直呈指数增长。
UK [ˌek.spəʊ'nen.tʃəl] US [-spoʊ-] adjective
NUMBER 数字的 specialized
■containing an exponent (= number or sign which shows how many times another number is to be multiplied by itself) 含有指数的
• 6 4 is an exponential expression. 64是一个指数式。
n. [数] 指数
 - index, indice

Word: duplicate
Front: duplicate
[ˈdju:plɪkeɪt] (研六托雅 9237/11219 -1)
Vocabulary: duplicate
(once / 1079 pages)
nadjv
Duplicate describes something that's an exact copy. If you tend to accidentally lock yourself out of your car, it's a good idea to carry a duplicate key with you just in case.
The word duplicate is useful when you're talking about a copy of something, like a duplicate of your birth certificate that you keep in a file, or a duplicate driver's license that you apply for after losing the original one. The verb duplicate is pronounced differently, with a long a sound, and it means to make a copy of or to multiply times two. The Latin root, duplicatus, means "to double."
WORD FAMILY
duplicate: duplicable, duplicatable, duplicated, duplicates, duplicating, duplication, duplicator, reduplicate+/duplicable: duplicability/duplication: duplications, reduplication/duplicator: duplicators/reduplicate: reduplicated, reduplicates, reduplicating/reduplication: reduplications
USAGE EXAMPLES
This would allow for expanded career offerings in the two districts without duplicating programs.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
There were no more dropped or duplicated songs, for instance.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
And there’s no way we would ever try to duplicate that.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: v. 复制; 复印; 重复
时态：duplicated, duplicating, duplicates
分布：重复(50%)，复制(34%)，副本(11%)，复制的(4%)，完全一样的(1%)
→du-，二。-plic, 折，词源同fold, complicate. 即两折，引申义复制。
加倍;复制(du+pic重复+atc→重复第二份→复制)[du,dub,doub=two,表示"二,双"]
n.复制品v.复写,使加倍a.复制的,二重的He duplicated his former mistakes.他又犯了和以前一样的错误.
【记】du二，plic重叠一把一份变成重叠的两份一复制的
【参】duplication（n 副本；复制）
US [ˈduː-/
■to make an exact copy of something 复制，拷贝
• Can you duplicate (= use a special machine to copy) this document for me? 你能为我复印一下这份文件吗?
• Parenthood is an experience nothing else can duplicate. 当父母是任何其他经历都无法比拟的。
adjective [before noun] UK [ˈdjuː.plɪ.kət] US [ˈduː-/
■being an exact copy of something 复制的；完全一样的
• The thieves were equipped with duplicate keys to the safe. 窃贼带着配好的保险柜锁匙。
noun countable UK [ˈdjuː.plɪ.kət] US [ˈduː-/
■something that is an exact copy of something else 复制品；副本
• I lost the original form so they sent me a duplicate. 我把表格的原件给丢了，所以他们又发给了我一份副本。
model, facsimile, duplicate, reproduction, copy
这组词都有“复制品”的意思，其区别是：
model: 可指按某物式样制造、按比例缩小的模型，也可指某物未制成之前做出的模型。
facsimile: 含义与copy大体相同，但较文雅。
duplicate: 常指完全一模一样，可代替原件的复制品。
reproduction: 批按原物复制的产品，着重复制品与原物相似。
copy: 普通用词，含义广泛，指精确的或不精确的复制品。
duplicate, xerox, copy
这组词都有“复印、复制”的意思，其区别是：
duplicate: 指对原件进行复制或复印，侧重结果与原件一模一样。
xerox: 指用静电复印或用静电印刷术复制。
copy: 着重模仿者的有意识行为或模仿得尽可能接近原件。
vt. [印刷] [专利] 复制；使加倍
 - repeat, double
n. 副本； [印刷] [专利] 复制品
 - repeat, reproduction, counterpart
adj. [印刷] [专利] 复制的；二重的
 - reproductive, copied
vi. [印刷] [专利] 复制；重复
 - print off, to copy

Word: meditative
Front: meditative
[ˈmedɪtətɪv] (宝 17787/22247)
Vocabulary: meditative
(once / 1545 pages)
adj
The adjective meditative is good for describing something that's reflective or deeply thoughtful. Your favorite movies might be quiet, slow-paced, and meditative.
When you reflect on your life or an important decision, you are meditative, and anything that involves this state of mind can be described the same way. A yoga studio often has a meditative feeling about it, and good, thoughtful advice is usually offered in a meditative way. The root of meditative is the Latin word meditat, or "contemplated," which in turn comes from a Proto-Indo-European root that means "to measure, consider, or advise."
WORD FAMILY
meditative: meditatively, meditativeness+/ meditate: meditated, meditates, meditating, meditation, meditative, premeditate / meditation: meditations/ premeditate: premeditated, premeditating, premeditation / premeditated: premeditatedly, unpremeditated/ premeditation: premeditations/unpremeditated: unpremeditatedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Trying to do a meditative movie at this point, in this insane world we’re in now, was incredibly brave.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
She practices Sufi whirling, a twirling style of dance associated with Persian dervishes that involves extended stretches of vigorous spinning in a meditative trance.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Fans often describe the videos as meditative, or even therapeutic.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. 沉思的，冥想的
分布：冥想的(65%)，沉思的(31%)，善於思考的(4%)
→来自meditate,沉思，冥想。
沉思的(meditate沉思)[-arive表形容词."有…倾向(性质)的"]
ADJ-GRADED
沉思的;深思的
Meditative describes things that are related to the act of meditating or the act of thinking very deeply about something.
例：Music can induce a meditative state in the listener...音乐能够引导倾听者沉思。
例：Yogis trained in Eastern meditative techniques can change their heart rate.接受过东方冥想训练的瑜伽信徒能够改变他们的心率。
adj. 冥想的，沉思的；耽于默想的
 - reflecting, contemplative

Word: titan
Front: titan
[ˈtaɪtn] (15704/46127)
Vocabulary: titan
(once / 2051 pages)
n
A titan is an extremely important person. Albert Einstein was a titan in the world of science.
The noun titan comes from Greek mythology, in which the Titans were a race of gods. Today, a titan is someone who is god-like, or powerful and influential in a certain field. Shakespeare was a titan of literature, Wayne Gretzky was a titan of hockey, and The Beatles were titans of music. If you are famous within the world of competitive eating, you might be referred to as a titan of hot dog-eating contests.
WORD FAMILY
titan: titanic, titans+/ titanic: titanically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Then there are films that are such titans that it seems a waste of time to consider them again here.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
The titans of U.S. technology are facing some of the toughest challenges yet.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Its brightest technical stars become country managers and eventually corporate titans back in Irving, Tex.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 巨子；巨人；成就非凡的人
分布：表示“钛”(100%)
→来自希腊语 Titan,巨人，泰坦诸神，第三代神王宙斯之父第二代神王 Kronos 的兄长，第一代 神王 Uranus 的儿子，可能来自 ten,延长，伸长，词源同 extend.
['taɪ.tən] literary
noun countable
■a person who is very important, powerful, strong, big, clever, etc. 泰斗；钜子；巨人
• an intellectual titan 学界泰斗
• The final will be a clash of the (= a hard struggle and competition between) titans. 决赛将会是一场龙虎斗。
• The soft drink titans (= big companies who produce these drinks) are struggling for control of the market. 生产无酒精饮料的大厂正在争夺市场的控制权。

Word: fifth-grade

Word: tree-lined
Front: tree-lined
['tri:laɪnd] None
Back: adj. 绿树成排的，绿树成荫的
分布：每边都有树的(100%)
adjective
■A tree-lined road has trees on both sides of it. （公路）两旁树木林立的

Word: hypothermia
Front: hypothermia
[ˌhaɪpəˈθɜ:miə] (17686/20524)
Vocabulary: hypothermia
(once / 60303 pages)
n
Hypothermia is when your body temperature gets dangerously low, so low that you could seriously hurt yourself or die.
Ever heard of a polar bear plunge? During winter, people jump into the ocean to raise money for a charity. They don’t stay in there long, and if they did, they’d definitely get hypothermia because the water’s so cold. The word is a combination of the prefix hypo-, meaning “below,” and the Greek word thermē, translated as “heat.” When your body heat gets below what it should be, please put on a sweater or you’ll get hypothermia and maybe die.
WORD FAMILY
hypothermic: hypothermia
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sparks police say 43-year-old Tom Anderson complained of possible hypothermia due to exposure after he was transported to police headquarters following Monday’s arrest.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
"There is a significant risk in terms of hypothermia."
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
No cases of hypothermia were reported during the incident in the Aosta Valley, near the French border.
BBC(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 低体温
分布：名词(100%)
→hypo-,在下，-therm,热，词源同thermal,warm.引申词义体温过低。
US [-poʊ'θɝ:-] noun uncountable
■a serious medical condition in which a person's body temperature falls below the usual level as a result of being in severe cold for a long time （因持续寒冷而）体温过低
• In this current cold spell, many old people are dying needlessly of hypothermia. 在现在这段寒流期间，很多老人家都因为体温过低而无端丧生。

Word: mafia
Front: mafia
['mæfiə] (15706/9992 -2)
Back: n. （意大利、美国等的）反社会黑帮，黑手党; 秘密犯罪集团，秘密施加巨大影响的一伙人; 民众对法律和政府的敌视
分布：黑手党(93%)，秘密政党(7%)
→来自意大利语Mafia,西西里岛秘密罪犯组织，来自西西里语mafia,勇敢，无畏。后词义通用化。
US ['mɑ:.fi.ə] noun [+ sing/pl verb]
the Mafia
■a criminal organization which began in Sicily and is active in Italy and the US 黑手党（起源于义大利西西里的犯罪组织，现活跃于义大利和美国）
countable
■a close group of people who are involved in similar activities and who help and protect each other, sometimes to the disadvantage of others 团伙，帮派，小集团
n. 黑手党；（意）秘密政党
 - Maffia

Word: diced
Front: diced
['daɪst] (17723/42202)
Back: v. 将…切成小方块，切成丁( dice的过去式和过去分词 )
N-COUNT
骰子;色子
A dice is a small cube which has between one and six spots or numbers on its sides, and which is used in games to provide random numbers. In old-fashioned English, 'dice' was used only as a plural form, and the singular was die, but now 'dice' is used as both the singular and the plural form.
N-UNCOUNT
掷骰子游戏
Dice is a game which is played using dice.
VERB
把(食物)切成小块;将…切丁
If you dice food, you cut it into small cubes.
例：Dice the onion...把洋葱切成丁。
例：Add the crushed garlic and remaining diced vegetables.加入捣碎的大蒜和剩余的蔬菜丁。

Word: pistachio
Front: pistachio
[pɪˈstæʃiəʊ] (17717/35744)
Back: n. 阿月浑子树，阿月浑子果实，淡黄绿色
分布：绿色(100%)
→来自拉丁语pistacium,来自希腊语pistake,来自波斯语pistah.
N-VAR
阿月浑子的果实；开心果
Pistachios or pistachio nuts are small, green, edible nuts.

Word: satisfactorily
Front: satisfactorily
[ˌsætɪs'fæktərəlɪ] (六 17786/8446)
Back: adv. 令人满意地; 心安理得地; 可靠地
分布：满意地(50%)，圆满地(50%)
ADJ-GRADED
令人满意的;恰当的;合适的
Something that is satisfactory is acceptable to you or fulfils a particular need or purpose.
例：I never got a satisfactory answer...我从未得到令我满意的答复。
例：It seemed a very satisfactory arrangement...这似乎是个非常令人满意的安排。
adv. 令人满意地
 - gratifyingly

Word: beholder
Front: beholder
[bɪˈhəʊldə(r)] (宝 17707/22391)
Vocabulary: beholder
(once / 2472 pages)
n
A beholder is an observer: someone who gains awareness of things through the senses, especially sight. If beauty is in the eye of the beholder, then the person who is observing gets to decide what is beautiful.
A common saying is "Beauty is in the eye of the beholder," which means beauty doesn't exist on its own but is created by observers. That famous quote can help you remember that a beholder is someone who sees or otherwise experiences things, becoming aware of them. To be a beholder, you have to pay attention. Different beholders might take in different aspects of the same event, like witnesses to a crime.
WORD FAMILY
beholder: beholders+/ behold: beheld, beholder, beholding, beholds/beholding: beholdings
USAGE EXAMPLES
That’s in the ear of the beholder, man.
The Guardian(Dec 14, 2016)
To be fair, a movie's beauty is in the eye of the beholder.
Golf Digest(Dec 11, 2016)
That determination was in the eye of the beholder, which sets up what should be a rip-roaring decisive match.
Seattle Times(Nov 22, 2016)
Back: n. 观看者，旁观者
分布：旁观者(100%)
PHRASE
个人观点；个人看法
If you say that something such as beauty or art is in the eye of the beholder, you mean that it is a matter of personal opinion.
例：Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.情人眼里出西施。
N-COUNT
观看者；旁观者
The beholder of something is the person who is looking at it.
例：The caves cannot but inspire wonder in the beholder.这些洞穴让观者无不叹为观止。
n. 旁观者；观看者
 - looker-on, stander-by

Word: waddle
Front: waddle
[ˈwɒdl] (宝 17765/21207)
Vocabulary: waddle
(once / 3144 pages)
vn
A duck's walk is a waddle. To imitate it, turn your feet away from each other and take short clumsy steps that make you swing unsteadily from side to side.
Ducks aren't the only animals known to waddle. Penguins with their little tiny feet may waddle along the ice, though they move gracefully through the water. If your footing is unsteady, you might waddle a little too as you tread carefully. Don't confuse waddle with wattle. A wattle is the red bit of flesh that hangs from the necks of turkeys and chickens. Wattles waddle back and forth as birds waddle along.
WORD FAMILY
waddle: waddled, waddler, waddles, waddling+/waddler: waddlers
USAGE EXAMPLES
She waved gaily, from the midst of students and a few parents, then quickly waddled over to us.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
He hates the snow, finds his own waddling ridiculous, and wishes the other penguins would zip it already with the squawking.
New York Times(Nov 11, 2016)
The only thing worse than the masses of waddling slobs you see everywhere now are the number of elderly fatsos.
New York Times(Nov 03, 2016)
Back: vi. （像鸭子一样）摇摇摆摆地走
n. 摇摆的步子，蹒跚
时态：waddled, waddling, waddles
分布：蹒跚(31%)，摇摇摆摆地走(26%)，蹒跚而行(26%)，摇摆的步子(17%)
→来自wade,跋涉，-le,表反复。引申义蹒跚地走。
【记】读：哇逗，哇塞，真逗！这人儿走路跟鸭子似的。
US ['wɑ:.dl] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■(usually of a person or animal with short legs and a fat body) to walk with short steps, swinging the body from one side to the other （通常指肥胖腿短的人或动物）蹒跚而行，摇摇摆摆地走
n. 蹒跚；摇摆的步子
 - titubation, hitchiness
vi. 摇摇摆摆地走；蹒跚而行
 - wag

Word: bountiful
Front: bountiful
[ˈbaʊntɪfl] (17792/32815)
Vocabulary: bountiful
(once / 2166 pages)
adj
Bountiful means abundant or given generously. We celebrate the idea of a bountiful harvest with a Thanksgiving cornucopia overflowing with its bounty of pumpkins, apples, squashes, and cranberries.
Bountiful can also mean generously given, with the idea that the original bounty of a harvest came from the gods you prayed to for rain and sun. When you received their gifts, you thanked them for their generosity. Now, bountiful giving is something you might experience with your parents or grandparents, happy just to see you smile on your birthday.
WORD FAMILY
bountiful: bountifully, bountifulness+/ bounteous: bounteously, bounteousness/ bounty: bounteous, bounties, bountiful
USAGE EXAMPLES
This year's bountiful yields and low interest rates on loans helped many growers.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
This year’s bountiful yields and low interest rates on loans helped many growers.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
They heard the shot and disarmed him at Mueller Park Junior High School in Bountiful, about 11 miles north of Salt Lake City.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 慷慨给予的; 丰富的，充裕的
分布：慷慨的(39%)，丰富的(36%)，充足的(25%)
US [-tˌɪ-] literary
adjective
■large in amount （数量）异常大的
• We found a bountiful supply of coconuts on the island. 我们发现岛上有充足的椰子。
■generous in giving to others 慷慨的
• our bountiful benefactor 我们慷慨的捐赠者
adj. 丰富的；慷慨的；宽大的
 - abundant, generous, full, handsome, ample

Word: gilt
Front: gilt
[gɪlt] (17776/7978 -2)
Vocabulary: gilt
(once / 780 pages)
adjn
All those gold framed pictures you see hanging in museums? They're covered in gilt — a very thin layer of gold leaf, like paper, applied to the surface.
A common term associated with gilt is gilt-edged, implying something known to be reliably wealthy. Anything can be gilt-edged: a person, a town, or a reputation. The term comes from a form of government-issued bond, known as a gilt, which was originally gilded around the edges. Don't confuse gilt with guilt, which sounds the same but means a sense of knowing you've done something wrong. (Though, if you've stolen a gilt, does that make you gilty?)
WORD FAMILY
gilt: gilts
USAGE EXAMPLES
The gilt decorations Gouthière provided for sundry status objects enhanced their beauty and also their light-reflecting capacity, always important before electricity.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
The ballroom’s gilt is composition leaf, a copper alloy with only trace amounts of gold, a variation of which gilders call brass leaf.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
After so many square miles of golf courses, trophy wives, gilt mirrors and crystal chandeliers, was there nothing left to mess with?
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 小母猪; 镀金材料; 炫目的外表
adj. 镀金的; 涂金的
v. 把…镀金( gild的过去式和过去分词)
分布：镀金(60%)，镀金的(20%)，小母猪(16%)，动词gild的过去式和过去分词.(2%)，表面的装饰(2%)
→来自gild的过去分词，词源同gold.
adjective
■covered with a thin layer of gold or a substance which is intended to look like it 镀金的；涂金的
• a gilt picture frame 镀金画框
• It's not solid gold - it's just gilt. 这不是真金——只是镀金。
[gɪlt] noun
SURFACE 表面
uncountable
■when a very thin layer of gold, silver or a similar substance, is used to cover the surface of something 镀金；镀银；镀金材料；镀银材料
• a silver gilt crucifix 镀银耶稣受难像
• gilt lettering 烫金字
[gɪlt] noun
MONEY 金钱
gilts [plural] (also gilt-edged securities) UK specialized
■a type of investment offered by the government which pays a fixed rate of interest and is considered low-risk 金边证券；绩优证券
[gɪlt] noun
take the gilt off the gingerbread UK literary
■to spoil something that is in every other way enjoyable 使某事物失去吸引力
• We had a great trip, but our flight home was badly delayed, which took the gilt off the gingerbread. 我们的旅行很愉快，但返航的班机严重延误，令人扫兴。
n. 镀金；小母猪；眩目的外表
 - gold plated, gilding
adj. 镀金的
 - gold-plated, plated

Word: self-expression
Front: self-expression
[ˌself-ɪksˈpreʃən] None
Back: n. （以艺术、文学创作等方式）自我表现，个性表现
分布：自我表现(74%)，自我表达(26%)
noun uncountable
■expression of your personality, emotions or ideas, especially through art, music or acting （尤指透过艺术、音乐或表演的）自我表现，自我表达
• He regarded poetry as sentimental self-expression. 他把诗歌看成是一种感情的自我表现。

Word: amplification
Front: amplification
[ˌæmplɪfɪ'keɪʃn] (托 17701/12886)
Back: n. 扩大; 发挥; <物>振幅; 放大率
分布：扩大(42%)，增幅(14%)，详述(14%)，引申(10%)，推广(10%)，扩充(10%)
扩大(ample大的)[-ification表名词,由ific变化而来]
noun uncountable
■Amplification makes music or other sounds louder 扩音；放大
• electronic amplification 电子放大
■formal
■added detail 发挥，引申；阐述，详述
• The horror lies in the violence itself, which needs no amplification. 暴力行为本身就令人恐惧，对此无需作任何阐释。
n. [电子] 放大（率）； [数] 扩大；详述
 - extension, enhancement, specification, enlargement

Word: trawl
Front: trawl
[trɔ:l] (宝 17677/20908 -1)
Back: n. 拖网; 排钩绳
vt. & vi. 用拖网捕鱼
vt. 查阅（档案等）
时态：trawled, trawling, trawls
分布：拖网(65%)，用拖网捕鱼(15%)，搜罗(10%)，排钩(10%)
→来自荷兰语 tragelen,拉网，来自拉丁语 tragula,鱼网，词源同 drag.
【记】traw＝draw拉，l：用拉网的方法捕鱼。
US [trɑ:l] verb
FISH 鱼
transitive
■to pull a large cone-shaped net through the sea at a deep level behind a special boat in order to catch fish 在…用拖网捕鱼
• They trawl these waters for cod. 他们用拖网在这些水域里捕鳕鱼。
UK [trɔ:l] US [trɑ:l] verb
SEARCH 搜寻
intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep]
■to search among a large number or many different places in order to find people or information you want 搜寻；网罗
• The newspaper had trawled its files for photos of the new minister. 该报在其档案中搜寻新任部长的照片。
• You need to trawl through a lot of data to get results that are valid. 要想获得有效的结果，你得搜寻大量资料。
UK [trɔ:l] US [trɑ:l] noun countable
SEARCH 搜寻
■a search among a large number or many different places in order to find people or information you want 搜寻；网罗
• We did a wide trawl to find the right person to play the part. 我们到处物色扮演这个角色的合适人选。
UK [trɔ:l] US [trɑ:l] noun countable
NET 网 (also trawl net)
■a large cone-shaped net used for trawling the water for fish 拖网
n. [水产] 拖网；排钩
 - townet, dragnet

Word: whistle-blower
Front: whistle-blower
[ˈhwisl ˈbləuə] None
Back: n. 内部举报人
分布：揭发内幕的雇员(100%)
US [-ˌbloʊ.ɚ] noun countable
■a person who tells someone in authority about something illegal that is happening, especially in a government department or a company （尤指政府部门或公司里的）告发者，揭发者
n. 揭发者，告密者
 - informer, revelator

Word: riser
Front: riser
[ˈraɪzə(r)] (17784/24825)
Back: n. 起床者，起义者，叛乱者
分布：冒口(56%)，竖板(18%)，起义者(13%)，起床者(13%)
→来自 rise,立起，-er,表物。比喻用法。
US [-zɚ] noun
PERSON 人
early/late riser
■a person who usually gets out of bed early/late in the morning 起床早／晚的人
UK ['raɪ.zər] US [-zɚ] noun
STEP 踏板
countable specialized
■the vertical part of a step 楼梯踏步立板
risers [plural] US
■a group of steps on which people sit or stand to see or be seen better （台阶式的）看台
n. 起床者；起义者；竖板；叛徒
 - rat, insurrectionist

Word: whizz
Front: whizz
[wɪz] (17799/18508 -1)
Back: n. 飕飕声; 专家
vt. 飕飕作声
时态：whizzed, whizzing, whizzes
分布：奇才(34%)，快速地做(21%)，飕飕声(15%)，=whiz.(10%)，飕飕地飞驰(10%)，发飕飕声(10%)
→拟声词。
verb intransitive + adverb or preposition UK (ALSO US usually whiz) informal
■to move or do something very fast 快速移动；很快地做
• A police car whizzed by , on its way to the accident. 一辆警车飞速驶过，开往事故现场。
• We whizzed through the rehearsal, so that we'd be finished by lunchtime. 我们赶紧进行排练，以便能在午饭之前结束。
• Time just whizzes past when you're enjoying yourself. 当你在纵情享乐的时候，时间总是转眼即逝。
[wɪz] noun
EXPERT 专家 UK (ALSO US usually whiz) countable usually singular informal approving
■a person with a very high level of skill or knowledge in a particular subject 能手；奇才；高手
• a computer whizz 电脑高手
• He's a whizz at poker. 他是个扑克牌高手。
[wɪz] noun
DRUG 毒品
uncountable UK slang for
■ amphetamine (= drug which makes the mind and body more active) 苯丙胺；安非他明
n. 专家；精明的人；子弹等在空中掠过的声音（等于whiz）
 - expert, specialist

Word: uptight
Front: uptight
[ˌʌpˈtaɪt] (宝 17666/22855)
Vocabulary: uptight
(once / 36706 pages)
adj
To be uptight is to be tense. When you're uptight, you're stressed out and anxious.
If your friends are always telling you to relax, you may be a little uptight. People who are uptight tend to be stressed out. Your worried grandmother might be considered uptight, and so might your sister's angry teacher who is always yelling at the class. The adjective uptight was first used as popular slang in the 1930's to mean "tense." In the 1960's, the connotation changed to "straight-laced" or "conservative." For a brief time, uptight appeared in jazz slang meaning "excellent."
WORD FAMILY
uptight
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Spanish DMV was being implacably uptight about it, for no obvious reason.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 15, 2016)
Cranston next appears on the big screen as an uptight dad in the James Franco comedy “Why Him?” opening Dec. 23.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 11, 2016)
Wenzel, 27, makes his living teaching wealthy but uptight German men how to approach women.
Seattle Times(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: adj. <口>紧张的; 愤怒的; 经济状况不佳的; <美>极端保守的
分布：紧张的(78%)，恼怒的(11%)，因循守旧的(11%)
→比喻用法。
【记】up上，tight紧的。原指：经济拮据的；紧的－心情焦躁的
[ˌʌp'taɪt] informal
adjective
■worried or nervous and not able to relax 紧张的；焦虑不安的
• Don't get uptight about the exam - just do your best. 对待考试不要太紧张——尽力而为吧。
adj. 紧张的；拮据的；心情焦躁的；易怒的
 - intense, stressed

Word: assist
Front: assist
[əˈsɪst] (高研四六托 2475/2162 -K3)
Vocabulary: assist
(once / 48 pages)
vn
You run up the field, pass the ball to the forward and she scores! It’s your third assist of the game. On and off the soccer field, to assist is to help or contribute.
The English word assist came to us in the early 15th century from the French word assister, meaning to "to stand by or help.” The French word is pronounced "ah-sis-tay" and is not to be confused with "a sister." Even if your sister is helpful.
WORD FAMILY
assist: assistance, assistant, assisted, assisting, assistive, assists+/ assistance: assistances/ assistant: assistants/assisted: unassisted
USAGE EXAMPLES
Notre Dame’s Lindsay Allen began the game ranked No. 8 nationally with an average of 7.2 assists and finished the game with eight.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
He finished with 11 assists, six rebounds, two steals and just one turnover.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The Okaloosa County Sheriff’s Office, fire department first responders, the Walton Sheriff’s Office, the Coast Guard and others assisted in searching for the man.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 帮助; 援助; 机器助手; 辅助装置
vt. 帮助; 援助; 帮助某人做某事; 搀扶（某人）上下车
vi. 援助; 出席; 参加
时态：assisted, assisting, assists
分布：协助(61%)，帮助(35%)，出席(2%)，助攻(1%)，协助的器械(1%)
→前缀as- 同ad-. 词根sist, 站，词根st的反复形式。
帮助(as+sist站→站过来→帮助)[ab-,ac-,ad-,af-,ag-,an-,ap-,ar-,as-,at-等加在同辅音字母的词根前,表示"一再"等加强意]
帮助;参加(as加强动作+sist→站在一起→帮助)[sist=stand表示"站立"]
vt.协助,帮助,促进vi.帮忙,参加I assisted him in writing his paper.我帮助他写论文.
【记】as朝向，sist站立－站在你一边－帮助
【参】persistence（n 坚持）；resistance（n 抵抗）
[ə'sɪst] formal
verb intransitive or transitive
 IMPROVER
■to help 帮助；协助；援助
• The army arrived to assist in the search. 军队赶到协助搜寻。
• You will be expected to assist the editor with the selection of illustrations for the book. 希望你能帮助编辑为此书挑选插图。
assist the police with/in their inquiries UK
■If someone is assisting the police with their inquiries, it usually means they have been taken to the police station to be asked questions about a crime. 配合警方的询问
help, assist, aid
这组词都有“帮助”的意思，其区别是：
help: 最普通用词，含义广泛。指一般性的或迫切需要的帮助，侧重积极地为他人提供物质、精神或其他方面的帮助。
assist: 强调在提供帮助时，以受助者为主，所给的帮助起第二位或从属的作用。
aid: 正式用词，指帮助他人脱离危险或战胜困难，着重强者对急需帮助的弱者的帮助。

Word: macro
Front: macro
[ˈmækrəʊ] (16310/22288 -1)
Vocabulary: macro
(once / 14830 pages)
1adj 2n
Anything macro is enlarged or on a very large scale. A macro perspective on life is one that stands back and takes in the entirety of experience, rather than examining smaller details up close.
While two political parties might argue over specifics, a political analyst might claim that on a macro (or large-scale) level, their policies and positions are essentially the same. A macro lens for a camera, however, does examine small details, but does it by blowing them up into something large. With a macro lens, you can photograph a butterfly or a flower and capture every last tiny element on film. Macro has a Greek root, makros, "long or large."
WORD FAMILY
macro: macros
USAGE EXAMPLES
Boardman said the labor talks focused on workers in D.C. and that “there were no discussions about macro issues.”
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Then I saw this beauty and I immediately switched from the macro to the wide-angle lens and composed this frame.
BBC(Dec 15, 2016)
The memo noted that the Macro's energy business accounted for less than two percent of overall revenue for the markets business at the British lender.
Reuters(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: n. [自]宏指令; 巨（计算机术语）
adj. 巨大的; 大量使用的; 特别突出的; 极厚的
分布：宏观的(100%)
→缩写自macro-instruction.
US [-roʊ] noun countable (plural macros) specialized
■a single instruction given to a computer which produces a set of instructions for the computer to perform a particular piece of work 巨集指令（向电脑发出的可产生一系列指令的一个指令，使电脑完成某一项工作）
• I've created a macro to spell check all the files at the same time. 我建立了一个巨集指令，可以同时对所有档案进行拼写检查。
adj. 巨大的，大量的
 - huge, massive, tremendous, enormous, extensive

Word: insular
Front: insular
[ˈɪnsjələ(r)] (托宝 17801/19711 -1)
Vocabulary: insular
(once / 3609 pages)
adj
Insular means "having a narrow view of the world," like insular people who never leave their small town, which enables them to believe that every place in the world is the same and the people are all just like them.
The adjective insular comes from the Latin word insula, which means “island.” Perhaps less so in our current age of technological and relatively easy travel, island life can still be separated from the rest. That's why insular can mean "isolated from," like if you grew up in a big city then visited a rural place, you may be surprised that stores close early. Such an experience will help you expand your insular views.
WORD FAMILY
insular: insularer, insularism, insularity, insularly+/ insularity: insularities
USAGE EXAMPLES
And it was really insular, and it was tough.”
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Professor Argyris called the most common response single loop learning — an insular mental process in which we consider possible external or technical reasons for obstacles.
New York Times(Jan 19, 2013)
She said her grandfather inhabited an insular world of northern European immigrants, with little exposure to people of other backgrounds.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 海岛的; 孤立的; 与世隔绝的; 岛民的
分布：岛民的(31%)，保守的(27%)，与世隔绝的(20%)，岛的(12%)，岛特有的(10%)
→来自拉丁语insula,岛，词源同isle.引申词义岛屿的，岛国狭隘思想的。
岛国的;偏狭的(insul+ar)[insul=isand,表示"岛屿"]
【记】insular＝island岛屿；参：peninsular（adj 半岛的）
【反】cosmopolitan（adj 全球的；世界性的）
US [-lɚ] disapproving
adjective
■interested only in your own country or group and not willing to accept different or foreign ideas 思想狭隘的；保守的
adj. 孤立的；与世隔绝的；海岛的；岛民的
 - enclosed, hermitic

Word: questioner
Front: questioner
[ˈkwestʃənə(r)] (17753/18982)
Vocabulary: questioner
(once / 2868 pages)
n
A questioner is someone who asks questions, especially in an official or formal capacity. When a detective interviews a suspect, she acts as a questioner.
A questioner is also an interviewer, so if you're producing a radio piece, asking people on the street various questions, you are a questioner. An FBI agent trying to get to the bottom of a case is also a questioner, and so is someone who asks a question at a public event, like a lecture. You are also a questioner if you are having doubts about something, especially religious tenets — you're questioning them.
WORD FAMILY
questioner: questioners+/ question: questionable, questioned, questioner, questioning, questions/ questionable: questionablest, questionably, unquestionable/questioned: unquestioned/ questioning: questioningly, questionings, unquestioning/unquestionable: unquestionability, unquestionableness, unquestionably/unquestionably: unquestionablys/unquestioning: unquestioningly
USAGE EXAMPLES
When asked during a debate whether he should distance himself from Austria’s nationalistic fraternities long linked to racists, Hofer, for instance, attacked the questioner.
Washington Post(Dec 02, 2016)
I suspect that the questioner has already just made the first of 67 installments, the average auto loan term, according to Edmunds.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
He told questioners that his goal was to infiltrate the BfV to warn his “brothers in faith” of operations against them.
Seattle Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 发问者，质问者
分布：发问者(65%)，质问者(35%)
→来自question,问题。即提问题的人。
US [-nɚ] noun countable
■a person who asks a question 提问者，发问人
n. 发问者；质问者
 - interrogator, asker

Word: syndicate
Front: syndicate
[ˈsɪndɪkət] (雅 15820/10244 -2)
Vocabulary: syndicate
(once / 973 pages)
nv
A syndicate is a group of corporations working for a common interest. A syndicate might collectively raise money for a real estate project. A syndicate sometimes has a criminal side — it can also describe a similar alliance of gangsters.
Syndicate entered English in the 17th century from the French word syndicat, meaning "representative of a corporation." The Lloyd's of London insurance group is an early example of a syndicate. Syndicate can also describe an agency that sells the rights to copyrighted material, such as feature articles, to newspapers or magazines. The word has a verb form as well. If you work for a syndicate, you might syndicate the classic "Peanuts" cartoon strip in hundreds of newspapers around the world.
WORD FAMILY
syndicate: syndicated, syndicates, syndicating, syndication, syndicator+/syndication: syndications/syndicator: syndicators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Many nefarious individuals and groups, such as poachers, corrupt government officials and organized crime syndicates, benefit from these illegal sales.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Illegal ivory ends up on the legal market after being smuggled into the country, chiefly by criminal syndicates.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The global trade, thought to be worth around $10 billion annually, is run by international criminal syndicates, sometimes with help from African rebel groups.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 辛迪加，企业联合组织，财团
时态：syndicated, syndicating, syndicates
分布：联合组织(50%)，企业联合(50%)
→syn-,一起，-dic,说话，命令，-ate,名词后缀。用于指财团或企业联合组织。
noun
GROUP 组织
countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■a group of people or companies who join together in order to share the cost of a particular business operation for which a large amount of money is needed 联盟；私人联合会；企业联合组织
• A syndicate of banks is/are financing the deal. 一个银行联盟将为这笔交易提供资金。
['sɪn.dɪ.kət] noun
NEWSPAPERS 报刊
countable
■an organization that supplies articles and photographs to different newspapers and magazines for publishing （向不同报刊杂志提供稿件和照片的）报纸杂志联盟
n. 辛迪加；企业联合；财团
 - consortium, cartel

Word: magnetism
Front: magnetism
[ˈmægnətɪzəm] (六托 17795/15772)
Vocabulary: magnetism
(once / 1741 pages)
n
Magnetism is the power to attract. It refers to the attraction to iron and other metals in electric currents and magnets, or to the other kind of attraction — where people want to be close to each other.
Different kinds of magnetism cause some magnets to attract, while others repel. Magnetism can also be called a magnetic force or magnetic attraction. Chemistry and earth science are two classes you might learn about magnetism in. Outside of the classroom, magnetism can be the force of attraction between people — if you have animal magnetism, don’t worry, a giraffe isn’t going to stick to you, but watch out for people with lovey eyes.
WORD FAMILY
magnetism: magnetisms+/demagnetise: demagnetisation, demagnetised, demagnetising/demagnetize: demagnetization, demagnetized, demagnetizes, demagnetizing/ magnet: magnetic, magnetise, magnetize, magnets/ magnetic: magnetically, magnetism, nonmagnetic/magnetise: demagnetise, magnetisation, magnetised, magnetises, magnetising/magnetize: demagnetize, magnetization, magnetized, magnetizes, magnetizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The magnetism of the shuttle even enticed Donald Trump into the airline business for a few years starting in 1989.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 21, 2016)
Isn’t an absence of authenticity even less appealing than an absence of magnetism?
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
Maxwell discovered that electricity and magnetism were linked, but he erroneously believed light waves were vibrations in an invisible “aether”.
Economist(Nov 17, 2016)
Back: n. 磁性，磁力; 磁学; 吸引力; 催眠术
分布：磁性(69%)，磁学(22%)，吸引力(9%)
→magnet,磁石，-ism,主义，思想。比喻用法。
磁学,磁性(magnet磁铁)[-ism名词1.表示"主义,宗教"2.表示"学术,流派"3.表示"行为,现象,状态"4.表示"疾病"5.表示"具备某种牲质"]
US [-tˌɪ-] noun uncountable
ATTRACTIVE QUALITY 吸引力
■a quality that makes someone very attractive to other people 吸引力，魅力
• The actress has a personal magnetism that is rare in someone so young. 这名女演员有种独特的个人魅力，在这么年轻的演员中很罕见。
UK ['mæg.nə.tɪ.zəm] US [-tˌɪ-] noun uncountable
OBJECT 物体
■the power of being able to attract iron and steel objects and also push them away 磁性，磁力（能够吸引铁和钢制物品，同时也可以排斥之的力量）
n. 磁性，磁力； [电磁] 磁学；吸引力
 - appeal, charm

Word: quotient
Front: quotient
[ˈkwəʊʃnt] (17798/25046)
Vocabulary: quotient
(once / 12036 pages)
n
When you add two numbers the answer is called the sum. When you divide two numbers the answer is called the quotient. The quotient of six divided by two is three.
Quotient comes from Latin and means "how many times." That makes a lot of sense: if you divide one number by a second, you are figuring out "how many times" the second number goes into the first. Outside of math, use of the word is restricted: the IQ test is short for "Intelligence Quotient," and very rarely you might hear someone ask, "What's my quotient of cupcakes?" when they mean "What is my share?"
WORD FAMILY
quotient: quotients
USAGE EXAMPLES
The girl pointed to the word “quotient” and looked up quizzically.
New York Times(Dec 12, 2016)
It was while he was working there that Petroni’s fame quotient soared after winning the top $10,000 prize on the Food Network show, “Chopped.”
Washington Times(Dec 05, 2016)
We’ve got plenty more, all of which ratcheted up the excitement quotient:
Washington Times(Nov 07, 2016)
Back: n. 商，商数
分布：份额(100%)
→来自拉丁语quot,多少，来自kwo,疑问代词词干，词源同quality,quantity.用于数学名词商。
US ['kwoʊ-] noun countable
■a particular degree or amount of something 程度
• This is a car with a high head-turning quotient (= a lot of people turn to look at it). 这部车的回头率很高，容易引人回头再看。
specialized
■the result of dividing one number by another 商
n. [数] 商；系数；份额
 - parameter, coefficient, lot, Shang, modulus

Word: airstrip
Front: airstrip
[ˈeəstrɪp] (17790/22236 -1)
Back: n. 飞机跑道; 机场跑道; 简易跑道
分布：名词(100%)
US ['er-] (also landing strip)
noun countable
■a long, flat piece of land from which trees, rocks, etc. have been removed so that aircraft can take off and land 简易机场，简易跑道
• We landed at a tiny airstrip in the middle of the jungle. 我们在丛林中的一条狭小的简易跑道上降落。

Word: input
Front: input
[ˈɪnpʊt] (研四六 4120/2275 -2)
Vocabulary: input
(once / 4431 pages)
1nv 2n
Input is that which is, well, put in—whether literally, as in "the input from the guitar to the speaker," or more conceptually, as in "the group leader wanted everybody's input."
The verb input, in the computer sense, didn't exist much before the late 1940's when it became common among computer professionals, who input data into their machines. Why they weren't satisfied just to "put in" the data, we may never know. Before that, the noun input was an economic term meaning anything that went into production: the grain was just one input among several required for the production of cereal. But often, these days, input means a contribution of some kind, usually a thought. You'll thank me for my input later.
WORD FAMILY
input: inputs, inputted, inputting
USAGE EXAMPLES
They mailed 360 letters to residents, explained the plans and asked for input.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
“During that time, no-till fields may require higher inputs and/or produce lower yields compared to conventional practices.”
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The real goal is to shield land-use decisions from public input.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 输入，投入; 输入电路; <电>输入端; 输入的数据
vt. 把…输入电脑; [自][电子] 输入; 输入，给料
时态：input, inputting, inputs
分布：输入(88%)，投入(6%)，输入数据(3%)，输入信息(2%)，信息输入端(1%)
→in-,进入，使，put,放置。
n./v.输入One, or a sequence of, input states.一个或一序列的输入状态.
noun
countable or uncountable
■something such as energy, money or information that is put into a system, organization or machine so that it can operate （能源、资金或资讯的）投入，输入
• I didn't have much input into the project (= The help I gave or work I did on it was small). 该专案计划我参与不多。
• The power input will come largely from hydroelectricity. 电力输入主要来自水力发电。
countable specialized
■the part that carries information to a machine, or the place where this is connected 讯息输入端
• The inputs for the CD-ROM are at the back of the computer. 光碟唯读记忆体的输入端在电脑的背后。
• an input device 输入装置
['ɪn.pʊt] verb transitive (inputting, inputted or input, inputted or input)
■to put information into a computer or other piece of electronic equipment （将资讯）输入；录入（电脑或其他电子设备）
• I've spent the morning inputting data into the computer. 我花了一个上午将资料输入电脑。
n. 投入；输入电路
 - investment, introjection
vt. [计] [自] [电子] 输入；将…输入电脑
 - type in, carry in

Word: coal-fired
Front: coal-fired
[.kəʊl 'faɪə(r)d] None
Back: adj. 烧煤的
分布：烧煤的(100%)
US ['koʊl.faɪrd] adjective
■using coal as a fuel 以煤为燃料的
• a coal-fired boiler 烧煤的锅炉

Word: belated
Front: belated
[bɪˈleɪtɪd] (宝 17806/14120 -1)
Vocabulary: belated
(once / 1770 pages)
adj
Something belated comes after the fact. If you are late to deliver a birthday greeting, then make it a "happy belated birthday" card.
Belated Christmas gifts come after December 25. Belated birthday greetings are still sweet, but a belated New Year's Eve party? Sort of pointless. Belated can refer to less effective actions when used in more significant settings — consider "a belated push to secure tax breaks for the working poor" or "a belated apology for indiscretions committed during the senator's scandalous college years."
WORD FAMILY
belated: belatedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
She also foretold the recent, somewhat belated feminist turn in the “Star Wars” cycle itself.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
These days a dollar buys 3.4 reais, but no one in Brazil or in other emerging markets with devalued currencies is declaring a belated victory.
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
It’s more a kind of belated thank you note for a few projects that kept faith with architecture’s ideals and the city’s better self.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 来得很迟的; 来得很晚的; 过时的; 陈旧的
分布：迟来的(100%)
【记】be表状态，late晚－晚的状态－事做得太晚的
US [-tˌɪd] adjective
■coming later than expected 迟来的
• a belated apology 迟来的道歉
• They did make a belated attempt to reduce the noise. 他们确实为减少噪音而努力，只不过行动稍为迟了。
• Belated birthday greetings! 迟来的生日祝福！
adj. 迟来的；误期的
 - lated

Word: socialite
Front: socialite
[ˈsəʊʃəlaɪt] (17802/23340)
Vocabulary: socialite
(once / 5511 pages)
n
A socialite is someone who spends a lot of time in fashionable social circles. A socialite gets invited to all the best parties and says yes to all of them.
When you talk to other people, you're being social. A socialite is a person who loves being social, especially in circles that are in the public eye. A socialite goes to the fanciest parties and the most expensive restaurants. A socialite dates famous people and goes where photographers can take their picture. A socialite is always making the scene. In many ways, socialites are the opposite of hermits or recluses.
WORD FAMILY
socialite: socialites
USAGE EXAMPLES
The only account the band follows on Twitter is that of Kylie Jenner: the teenage socialite/makeup mogul, a Kardashian by any other name.
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
For professional socialites, she raised the bar by lowering it.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
When asked her assessment of other socialites fond of the media glare, Ms. Gabor usually said she found them lacking.
Washington Post(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 上流社会人士，社交界头面人物
分布：社会名流(86%)，名士(14%)
→social,社会的，社交的，-ite,人。后用于指社交名流，上流社会人士等。可能是改写自 social light.
社会名流(social社会的)[-ite 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人或物"3.表动词"促成"]
US ['soʊ.ʃə.laɪt] noun countable
■a person, usually of high social class, who is famous because they go to a lot of parties and social events which are reported in the newspapers 社交界名人
• a wealthy socialite 富有的社交界名流

Word: Czech
Front: Czech
[tʃek] (7407/7332)
Back: n. 捷克人；捷克语
adj. 捷克的，捷克人的，捷克语的
分布：捷克的(36%)，捷克人(34%)，捷克语(18%)，捷克语的(7%)，捷克人的(5%)
[tʃek] (plural Czech)
noun countable
■Czech 捷克的

Word: Yiddish
Front: Yiddish
['jɪdɪʃ] (17778/38950)
Back: n. 意第绪语（中东欧犹太人及其在各国的后裔说的一种从高地德语派生的语言）
adj. 意第绪语的；犹太人的
分布：意第绪语(63%)，意第绪语的(25%)，依地语的(12%)
→来自高地德语jude,来自拉丁语Judaeus,即Jew.
noun uncountable
■a language spoken by some Jewish people, which is related to German 意第绪语，依地语（一些犹太人使用的语言，和德语有密切关系）
['jɪd.ɪʃ] adjective
■in or relating to Yiddish 意第绪语的；依地语的

Word: hatchet
Front: hatchet
[ˈhætʃɪt] (托宝 17797/20722 -1)
Back: n. 短柄小斧; 言归于好
adj. 瘦削而棱角分明的
分布：短柄小斧(67%)，战斧(33%)
→来自古法语hache,斧子，战斧，来自kop,砍，劈，词源同ship,shape,scapula,-et,小词后缀。
【记】hatch孵化，et小：如果小鸡孵化不出来，可以用短柄小斧把它劈出来
noun countable
■a small axe (= tool with a blade which cuts when you hit things with it) 小斧头
vt. 用短柄小斧砍伐；扼杀
 - kill, snuff out

Word: chairmanship
Front: chairmanship
[ˈtʃeəmənʃɪp] (17800/10139)
Back: n. 主席的地位或身份
分布：主席的身份或资格(100%)
US ['tʃer-] noun countable usually singular
■the position of being a chairman or the period during which someone is a chairman 主席职位（或身分）；主席任期
• His chairmanship lasted a year. 他担任主席一职有一年时间。

Word: steadfastly
Front: steadfastly
['stedfɑ:stlɪ] (17810/18821)
Back: adv. 踏实地，不变地; 岿然; 坚定不渝
分布：不变地(44%)，坚定地(28%)，固定地(14%)，不动摇地(14%)
US [-fæst-] adverb
■strongly and without stopping 坚定地；不动摇地
• She was steadfastly in support of women's rights. 她坚定不移地支持女性权益。
adv. 踏实地；不变地
 - invariably, abidingly

Word: ascension
Front: ascension
[əˈsenʃn] (17809/26234)
Vocabulary: ascension
(once / 7142 pages)
n
The word ascension describes the act of rising up through the air. When a plane takes off, it is in ascension, or rising up in the sky.
The noun ascension derives from the Latin word ascendere, meaning "to mound, ascend, go up." You may have observed the ascension, or rising, of a star above the horizon with your telescope. Watching the ascension of a space shuttle up into the earth's atmosphere can be a thrilling experience. The ascension of a hot air balloon up into the sky can be a beautiful sight on a summer's evening.
WORD FAMILY
ascension: ascensional, ascensions+/ ascend: ascendable, ascendant, ascended, ascendent, ascender, ascending, ascends, ascension, ascensive/ ascendancy: ascendancies/ ascendant: ascendance, ascendancy, ascendants/ascendency: ascendencies/ascendent: ascendence, ascendency, ascendently, ascendents/ascender: ascenders/ ascending: ascendingly, ascendings/ascensive: ascensively
USAGE EXAMPLES
The second is a long status symbol that shows his ascension upward in rank through the Empire both in length and practicality.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 19, 2016)
And the second a long status symbol that shows his ascension upward in rank through the Empire both in length and practicality.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 19, 2016)
His ascension to No. 2 receiver wasn’t a big surprise and the move paid off.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 上升，升高
分布：上升(82%)，耶稣的升天(18%)
N-SING
（一些宗教中的）升天
In some religions, when someone goes to heaven, you can refer to their ascension to heaven.
例：...the crucifixion, resurrection and ascension of Jesus Christ.耶稣基督的受难、复活和升天
例：...the two-day holiday marking the Prophet's ascension to heaven.纪念先知穆罕默德升天的双休假日
N-SING
升迁；升职；（地位的）提高
The ascension of a person to a high rank or important position is the act of reaching this position.
例：...50 years after his ascension to the Cambodian throne.在他登上柬埔寨王位50年后
n. 上升；耶稣升天
 - rise, upgrade, raise

Word: supermodel
Front: supermodel
[ˈsu:pəmɒdl] (17789/29126 -1)
Back: n. 超级名模
分布：超级名模(100%)
→super-,超级，model,模特。
US [-pɚˌmɑ:.dəl] noun countable
■a very famous model (= person, especially a woman, whose job is to wear clothes to show them to possible buyers) 超级模特儿
n. 超级名模
 - Zoolander

Word: amply
Front: amply
['æmplɪ] (17815/14150)
Back: adv. 充足地，详细地
分布：充分地(40%)，足够地(40%)，详细地(20%)
ADJ-GRADED
大量的；充裕的；丰富的
If there is an ample amount of something, there is enough of it and usually some extra.
例：There'll be ample opportunity to relax, swim and soak up some sun...将会有充足的机会去放松、游泳和晒太阳。
例：The design of the ground floor created ample space for a good-sized kitchen.底层的设计为建一个大厨房提供了充足的空间。
ADJ-GRADED
（身材）丰满的
If you describe someone's figure as ample, you mean that they are large in a pleasant or attractive way.
例：...a young mother with a baby resting against her ample bosom.丰满的怀里抱着婴儿的年轻妈妈
adv. 充足地；广大地
 - enough, extensively

Word: heart-shaped
Front: heart-shaped
['hɑ:tʃeɪpt] None
Back: adj. 心形的; 鸡心; 心脏形
分布：心形的(100%)
adj. 心形的
 - cordiform

Word: drizzle
Front: drizzle
[ˈdrɪzl] (托宝 9773/14321 -1)
Vocabulary: drizzle
(once / 2743 pages)
nv
Drizzle is a very light rain shower. You might grab an umbrella before you head out for a walk in the drizzle.
When the weather report calls for drizzle, you know it's going to be a damp day, although you might leave your galoshes and rain suit at home. Drizzle is heavier than mist, but just a bit — and you can use it as a verb, too: "It's supposed to drizzle this evening, but our picnic is still on." The word drizzle stems from the now-obsolete drysning, "a falling of dew," from the Old English drēosan, "to fall."
WORD FAMILY
drizzle: drizzled, drizzles, drizzling, drizzly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Divide between four shallow bowls and top each serving with a warm salmon fillet, skin side down, and a drizzle of the cooking juices.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
It’s fantastic drizzled over fresh leafy greens, broad beans, or cooked, chilled fingerling potatoes.
Time(Dec 16, 2016)
The storm is moving south and began drizzling on Southern California Thursday evening.
Washington Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: vi. 下蒙蒙细雨，下毛毛雨
n. 蒙蒙细雨，毛毛雨
时态：drizzled, drizzling, drizzles
分布：细雨(79%)，下毛毛雨(19%)，细雨般地洒下(2%)
→词源同drip, 滴。引申义小雨，毛毛雨。
【记】读：追走：能追上走的，但又不是跑，因为下的是drizzle，而不是deluge读：追揍！在drizzle中追着揍李宏志！
【参】drizzly（adj 下毛毛雨的）形容词
【反】deluge（n 洪水；豪雨）
noun
RAIN 雨
uncountable
■rain in very small light drops 细雨，零星小雨，毛毛雨
• Tomorrow will be cloudy with outbreaks of rain and drizzle. 明天多云，有阵雨和零星小雨。
['drɪz.l] noun
LIQUID 液体
only singular
■a small amount of liquid that is lightly poured over something 洒落某物的少量液体
• Serve the pasta hot with a drizzle of olive oil. 趁热在义大利粉上淋些橄榄油即可上桌了。
['drɪz.l] verb
POUR 倾倒
transitive
■to pour liquid slowly over something, especially in a thin line or in small drops 缓慢地倾倒，细细地滴洒
• Drizzle the syrup over the warm cake. 在热蛋糕上洒些糖浆。
['drɪz.l] verb
RAIN 雨
intransitive
■to rain in small light drops 下细雨，下毛毛雨
• It 's been drizzling all day. 蒙蒙细雨下了一整天。
n. 细雨， [气象] 毛毛雨
 - mizzle, drow

Word: interrelationship
Front: interrelationship
[ˌɪntərɪˈleɪʃnʃɪp] (17664/16109)
Back: n. 相互关系[联系，影响]，干扰
分布：相互关系(100%)
→来自interrelate,相互的。
US [-tˌɚ-] (also interrelation)
noun countable or uncountable
■the way in which two or more things or people are connected and affect one another 相互关联，相互关系
• the interrelationship between smoking and respiratory disease 吸烟和呼吸道疾病之间的相互关系
n. 相互关系
 - correlation, mutuality

Word: darkroom
Front: darkroom
[ˈdɑ:kru:m] (17811/24414 -1)
Vocabulary: darkroom
(once / 48640 pages)
n
A darkroom is the room a film photographer uses to develop photographs. A typical darkroom is equipped with developing chemicals, an enlarger, and a red-tinted safelight that doesn't expose black-and-white film.
There are so many options for photography these days that using a darkroom is less and less common — digital and Polaroid-style, instant photos don't require developing. Most darkrooms are kept by photographers who work with black-and-white film. In the darkroom, the enlarger projects an image from a negative onto photographic paper, which is then immersed in a developer chemical wash and a fixer wash, and hung to dry. This results in a finished product, a photograph.
WORD FAMILY
darkroom: darkrooms
USAGE EXAMPLES
An understudy of French journalist Michel Chevalier, Tikhomiroff’s photography career kicked off processing prints in the darkroom for a fashion photographer.
Time(Dec 30, 2016)
I hurried home to develop and print it in my basement darkroom.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
In 1965, when Burtynsky was ten, his father purchased a darkroom from an elderly widow and rebuilt it in the basement.
The New Yorker(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: n. （冲洗底片的）暗室，暗房; 黑屋子
分布：暗房(100%)
US ['dɑ:rk-] noun countable
■a specially lit room where photographic film is processed （冲晒相片的）黑房

Word: readjust
Front: readjust
[ˌri:əˈdʒʌst] (托 17822/19918)
Vocabulary: readjust
(once / 2525 pages)
v
You could readjust your TV antenna, your thinking, or the collar of your shirt. Whatever it is, when you readjust something, you make slight changes again and again until you get it right.
When you adjust something, you make a change in order to improve something, such as a driver adjusting the side-view mirror on a car in order to see other cars better. So, when you add the prefix re-, it means "to adjust over and over." In the case of the mirror, you would readjust its angle until you can see perfectly well from your seat in the car.
WORD FAMILY
readjust: readjusted, readjusting, readjustment, readjusts+/ adjust: adjustable, adjusted, adjuster, adjusting, adjustive, adjustment, adjusts, readjust / adjustable: adjustably, unadjustable/ adjusted: unadjusted/adjuster: adjusters/ adjustment: adjustments/ readjustment: readjustments
USAGE EXAMPLES
‘We owe it to the victims, the people affected, and the whole public to rethink and readjust our entire immigration and security policy.’
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
As three veterans of World War II readjust to civilian life, they soon face a changed and intolerant society.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 10, 2016)
As a result, companies may use deals to readjust to a more domestic orientation or to prepare themselves for a decline in trade.
New York Times(Nov 10, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 再整理，再调整
时态：readjusted, readjusting, readjusts
分布：重新适应(71%)，再调整(29%)
→re-,再，重新，adjust,调整。
verb intransitive or transitive
■to change in order to fit a different situation, or to repair something slightly 调整；微调
• After living abroad for so long, he found it difficult to readjust to life at home. 在外国生活了那么长时间后，他觉得很难适应国内的生活。
• The clock automatically readjusts when you enter a new time zone. 你进入另一个时区后，这个钟表就会自动调整时间。
• The machines were old and constantly needed readjusting. 这些机器太陈旧了，需要经常维修。

Word: schooner
Front: schooner
[ˈsku:nə(r)] (17785/23879)
Vocabulary: schooner
(once / 467 pages)
n
You're most likely to see a schooner in an old seaport or tourist harbor, since it's an old-fashioned kind of boat with at least two masts and sails.
There are still places you can ride on a schooner, but schooners were most common along the east coast of the United States in the eighteenth century. Schooners were historically used for fishing and transporting cargo, and sometimes for racing. The word schooner was probably first used in Gloucester, Massachusetts, coined from the Scottish scon, "to send over water, to skip stones."
WORD FAMILY
schooner: schooners
USAGE EXAMPLES
The students will also sleep and eat most of their meals on a wooden boat, the schooner Harvey Gamage.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
It was written by Steven L. Schooner and Daniel I. Gordon, who are involved with government procurement law at the George Washington University Law School.
Washington Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Dockage fees run $120 per linear foot in the summer, $105 in the winter, and Ms. Clegg’s schooner is 39 feet length over all.
New York Times(Nov 24, 2016)
Back: n. （有两个以上桅杆的）纵帆船
分布：纵帆船(49%)，大篷车(39%)，大啤酒杯(12%)
→可能来自苏格兰语 scon,掠过水面，打水漂或漂石子游戏。
US [-nɚ] noun countable
■a sailing ship with two or more masts and with its sails parallel to the length of the ship, rather than across it （双桅或多桅）纵帆船
n. [船] 纵帆船；大酒杯；大篷车
 - punch bowl, rummer

Word: grime
Front: grime
[graɪm] (17814/19712)
Back: n. 污垢，污点; 煤尘
vt. 使污秽; 使…弄脏
时态：grimed, griming, grimes
分布：污垢(88%)，污物(12%)
→来自ghrei, 刮，擦，涂沫，词源同chrism, Christ,chrome. 原指涂在脸上伪装用的污泥。
noun uncountable
■a layer of dirt on skin or on a building 污垢；尘垢；积垢
• The walls were covered in grime. 墙上满是污垢。
n. 尘垢；污点；煤尘
 - jaup, tainture

Word: halting
Front: halting
[ˈhɔ:ltɪŋ] (宝 17820/20105)
Vocabulary: halting
(once / 1191 pages)
adj
The adjective halting is used to describe something that is fragmentary or prone to interruptions. If you are overcome with emotion at your wedding, you may choke out your vows in a halting voice. If you're afraid you might trip, take halting steps.
The adjective halting can describe something or someone with limping or disabled legs or feet. If you have sprained your ankle and it's icy out this winter, you should walk with a halting gait and walk slowly and carefully. The word halting in this sense comes from the Old English word lemphalt, which means "limping."
WORD FAMILY
halting: haltingly+/ halt: halted, halter, halting, halts/ halter: haltered, halteres, haltering, halters
USAGE EXAMPLES
Asked Friday evening about any agreement on halting hiring, the White House declined to comment, as did a spokeswoman for the OMB.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Gold for immediate delivery is up 8.9 percent this year to about $1,155 an ounce, halting a three-year slide.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
During the general election, he shifted his rhetoric to focus on temporarily halting immigration from an unspecified list of countries with ties to terrorism.
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 跛的; 蹒跚的; 踌躇的; 迟疑不决的
v. （使）停下来( halt的现在分词 )
分布：踌躇的(53%)，跛的(38%)，动词halt的现在分词形式.(9%)
【记】halt（n 停止；暂停vt 使停止；使立定vi 踌躇）
【反】fluent（adj 流利的；流畅的）
US ['hɑ:l.tˌɪŋ] adjective
■stopping often while you are saying or doing something, especially because you are nervous （尤指讲话或动作因紧张而）结结巴巴的，断断续续的
• He spoke quietly, in halting English. 他用结结巴巴的英语小声说。
adj. 犹豫的；蹒跚的；跛的
 - juberous, hesitating
v. 停止；蹒跚；犹豫（halt的ing形式）
 - stopping

Word: overlay
Front: overlay
[ˌəʊvəˈleɪ] (14751/11456 -1)
Vocabulary: overlay
(once / 3467 pages)
vn
To overlay is to cover with a coating or a layer, or to set one thing on top of another. A winter storm will sometimes overlay a dangerously slick coating of ice on top of the road.
An artist might overlay a ceramic object with gold, or overlay one piece of paper on another in a collage. The layer itself, whether it's clear plastic or cement or silver, is also called an overlay. Another kind of overlay, dating from the 1930s, is the transparent sheet of paper in a book that covers a map or other full-page illustration.
WORD FAMILY
overlay: overlaid, overlayed, overlayer, overlaying, overlays+/interlayer: interlayers/ lay: laily, laity, layer, laying, lays, mislay, overlay, underlay / layer: interlayer, layered, layering, layers/laying: layings/ mislay: mislayed, mislaying, mislays/overlayer: overlayers/ underlay: underlaid, underlayed, underlaying, underlayment, underlays
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the top panel of the piece, the artist’s astrology chart overlays an X-ray of his skeleton.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The baby died of asphyxia from “probable overlay” and “co-sleeping,” according to the medical examiner.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Much of his job involves using software to overlay historical maps with more recent data.
Washington Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: v. 覆盖; 镀金
n. 覆盖物; 轮廓纸
时态：overlaid, overlaying, overlays
分布：覆盖(69%)，重叠(15%)，覆盖物(10%)，镀(4%)，镀金(1%)，铺…上面(1%)
→over-,在上，lay,放置。引申词义覆盖。
US [ˌoʊ.və˞-]
(overlaid, overlaid)
■to cover something with a layer of something 在…上铺（或盖、涂）
• The foundation of the house is built from rubble overlaid with concrete. 房子的地基是用碎石铺浇混凝土修建的。
be overlaid with sth literary
■something that is overlaid with something has a particular quality added to it which influences its character 掺杂着，交织着
• Her new novel is overlaid with political concerns. 她的新小说包含对政治的关注。
noun countable UK [ˈəʊ.və.leɪ] US [ˈoʊ.və˞-/
■a thin covering of something 薄薄的覆盖物
• The wood frame has a gold overlay. 这个木框表面铺了一层金箔。
n. [计] [建] 覆盖图；覆盖物
 - covering, integument

Word: infertile
Front: infertile
[ɪnˈfɜ:taɪl] (托 17816/20963 -1)
Vocabulary: infertile
(once / 7401 pages)
adj
Someone who's infertile isn't able to have children. Plants and animals, as well as humans, are sometimes infertile and can't reproduce naturally.
People who are trying to have a baby may find they're unable to because one of them is infertile, or not able to conceive. A woman who's infertile may instead be unable to carry a baby to term. Infertile is a French word, from the Latin infertilis, "unfruitful," from the roots in-, "not," and fertilis, "bearing in abundance."
WORD FAMILY
infertile: infertility+/ fertile: fertilely, fertilest, fertilise, fertility, fertilize, fertily, infertile, unfertile/fertilisation: self-fertilisation/fertilise: cross-fertilise, fertilisation, fertilised, fertiliser, fertilises, fertilising/fertilised: self-fertilised, unfertilised/fertiliser: fertilisers/ fertility: antifertility, fertilities/ fertilization: fertilizations, self-fertilization/fertilize: cross-fertilize, fertilizable, fertilization, fertilized, fertilizer, fertilizes, fertilizing/fertilized: self-fertilized, unfertilized/fertilizer: fertilizers/infertility: infertilities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Much of Niger’s territory is hot, dusty and infertile.
Economist(Nov 24, 2016)
An infertile couple liked what they saw on paper and Ms. Griffin was notified that they wanted to buy her eggs.
New York Times(Oct 20, 2016)
People suffering from infections lose time from work, and women may become infertile or develop complications such as ectopic pregnancies and chronic pelvic pain.
Washington Times(Nov 01, 2016)
Back: adj. 不能生育的，不结果实的; 贫瘠的，不毛的
分布：贫瘠的(65%)，不能生育的(35%)
→in-,不，非，fertile,生育的。
不毛的,不能生育的(in不+fertile)[-ile 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"物体"]
【记】fertile（adj 肥沃的；能繁殖的）；infertility（n 不肥沃）
US [-'fɝ:.tˌəl] adjective
■An infertile person, animal or plant cannot reproduce 不能生育的；不结果实的
• It has been estimated that one in eight couples is infertile. 据估计，每八对夫妇中就有一对不能生育。
■Infertile land or soil is not good enough for plants or crops to grow well there （土地）贫瘠的
• Poor farmers have little option but to try to grow food on these infertile soils. 可怜的农民别无选择，只有在这些贫瘠的土地上种点食物。
adj. 不肥沃的；不毛的；不结果实的；不能生殖的
 - hungry, desert

Word: sequester
Front: sequester
[sɪˈkwestə(r)] (托宝 17824/34239)
Vocabulary: sequester
(once / 2851 pages)
v
The word sequester describes being kept away from others. If your sister tells you to stay out of the way so she can cook dinner for her new boyfriend, you might sequester yourself in your room.
Legal types may be familiar with the word sequester since it’s often used in relation to a jury for an important trial. In that case, members of the jury are sequestered, meaning they aren't allowed to watch the news or read articles that could influence their judgment. However, sequester can describe anyone who is isolated or hidden away from others, like a pop star sequestered in a hotel room, protected from fans' mania below.
WORD FAMILY
sequester: sequestered, sequestering, sequesters, sequestration+/sequestration: sequestrations
USAGE EXAMPLES
She tried to disappear, a tactic that included sequestering herself from fans and media during fight week.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Once sequestered, up to three million tons of carbon dioxide each year will be moved from Kemper to old oil fields through a pipeline.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 21, 2016)
Instead she is sequestered in the Presidential mansion.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: vt. 使隔绝，使隔离; <律>扣押
时态：sequestered, sequestering, sequesters
分布：扣押(50%)，使 ... 隔绝(25%)，隐退(25%)
→来自古法语 sequestrer,使分开，使隔离，来自拉丁语 sequestrare,使妥善保管，使安全，来自 sequester,中间的，调解的，引申词义中间人，调解人，受托人，可能来自 sequi,追随，跟随， 词源同 sequence,second.词义演变比较 seconder,支持者，后援者。后引申词义扣押，没收， 强制管理。
【记】sequ跟随，ester＝east：跟随到东方的古国隐居源于：sequestrate（v 扣押；没收；隐居）
【反】permit to mingle（使混合）
US [-tɚ] verb transitive
TAKE 拿 (also sequestrate) legal
■to take temporary possession of someone's property until they have paid back the money that they owe or until they have obeyed a court order 扣押（资 产）
UK [sɪ'kwes.tər] US [-tɚ] verb transitive
KEEP SEPARATE 使分开 US legal
■to keep a jury together in a place so that they cannot discuss the case with other people or read or hear news reports about it 隔离（陪审团）（以免其判断受外界影响）
vt. 使隔绝；使隐退；没收，扣押
 - seclude, expropriate

Word: coronation
Front: coronation
[ˌkɒrəˈneɪʃn] (宝 17819/7863 -1)
Vocabulary: coronation
(once / 1234 pages)
n
A coronation is the ceremony when a new King (or Queen, let's not be sexist) is officially installed. A coronation is usually quite glitzy and full of pomp.
A coronation is the public handing over of title and powers to a new monarch. Other almost identical terms are enthronement and investiture. The term coronation is also sometimes used in a light-hearted, though sometimes sarcastic way, to describe the ascension of famous non-royal people who have achieved a particular level of public status — such as pop stars, politicians or celebrities. Coronation is derived from the Latin word corona, meaning "crown."
WORD FAMILY
coronation: coronations+/coronate: coronated, coronation / crown: coronate, crowned, crowning, crownless, crowns/crowned: uncrowned/crowning: crowningly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Seasons are rarely coronations; they are more tests or perseverance.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
He also represented the United States at the coronation of Czar Nicholas II of Russia in 1896 when Scriven was military attache in Rome.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
British writer who created the long-running soap opera “Coronation Street.”
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 加冕礼
分布：加冕礼(100%)
→来自crown, 王冠，词源同corolla, 花冠。即带上王冠举行加冕典礼。
【记】coro角，nation国家：在国家领导人的头上放一个羊角似的东西－加冕
US [ˌkɔ:r-] noun countable
■a ceremony at which a person is made king or queen 加冕典礼

Word: cyanide
Front: cyanide
[ˈsaɪənaɪd] (17676/24395 -1)
Back: n. <化>氰化物
vt. 用氰化法处理
分布：氰化物(99%)，用氰化物处理(1%)
→cyan, 缩写自cyanogen, 氰。-ide, 化学名词后缀，见oxide.
noun uncountable
■an extremely powerful poison 氰化物
n. [无化] 氰化物
 - prussiate

Word: cauldron
Front: cauldron
[ˈkɔ:ldrən] (17772/14685 -1)
Vocabulary: cauldron
(once / 3981 pages)
n
A cauldron is a big pot used over an open fire. You may picture the witches in Shakespeare's Macbeth hovering over a cauldron of "Eye of newt and toe of frog, Wool of bat and tongue of dog" — yum!
The cauldron, while conjuring up images of — well, conjuring — actually came from the Latin root calidus, meaning "hot." We can see this root in other Latin-based languages, including the Spanish caliente and Italian caldo. In English, the word became cauldron — a creepy name for a very useful pot.
WORD FAMILY
cauldron: cauldrons
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was Game 7 of the World Series, and baseball history was busy pulling the Chicago Cubs back into a boiling cauldron of curses.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Though their art comes complete with smoke, a cauldron, and plenty of flash and fire, these Rawlins women aren’t practicing witchcraft.
Washington Times(Nov 30, 2016)
“It’s in the cauldron of contradictions in his statements that I don’t see being resolved.”
Washington Post(Nov 15, 2016)
Back: n. 大锅，大汽锅; 煮皂锅; 海釜
分布：大锅(76%)，大汽锅(18%)，=caldron.(6%)
→来自拉丁词calidus, 热的，加热，词源同calorie, 卡路里。
US ['kɑ:l-] noun countable old use or literary
■a large round container for cooking in, usually supported over a fire （通常指架在火上的）大锅
n. 大汽锅，大锅；煮皂锅
 - caldron

Word: sought-after
Front: sought-after
['sɔ:tɑ:ftə] (-1)
Back: adj. 很吃香的，广受欢迎的
分布：很吃香的(60%)，广受欢迎的(40%)
US ['sɑ:tˌæf.tɚ] adjective
■wanted by many people and usually of high quality or rare （因品质高或稀有而）热门的，广受欢迎的
• At the age of seventeen she is already one of Hollywood's most sought-after actresses. 她17岁时就是好莱坞最走红的女演员之一了。
adj. 受欢迎的，很吃香的
 - welcome, popular

Word: nose
Front: nose
[nəʊz] (中高 1735/1887 -K3)
Vocabulary: nose
(once / 105 pages)
1nv 2nv 3nv 4nv
Your nose is the body part sticking out of your face (not that pimple, the pointy feature with two nostrils used for smelling).
A nose is a sense organ — your nose tells you if the milk's gone bad or the cantaloupe is ripe. Dogs' noses give them even more information, about where their owners have been or which neighbor cats have been hanging out in their yards. If someone says you "have a nose" for something, they mean you're talented at it. As a verb, nose means to pry or meddle, or for an animal to push its nose against or into something.
WORD FAMILY
nose: nosed, noseless, noses, nosey, nosing, nosy +/ nosy: nosier, nosiest, nosily, nosiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Trump is considered likely to abandon that pledge, thumbing Uncle Sam’s nose at the world’s destitute people.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Valencia was one of those players who shut the game down for United once they got their noses in front.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
The first time, other inmates broke her nose, and the second time, they stomped on her and knocked her unconscious, she said.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 鼻子; 嗅觉; 芳香，香气; 突出的部分
vt. 嗅出，闻出; 用鼻子触; 用鼻子品评（酒）等; 探出
vi. 小心探索着前进; 探问
时态：nosed, nosing, noses
分布：鼻子(91%)，嗅觉(6%)，探听(1%)，突出部分(1%)，嗅到(1%)
→来自nas,鼻子，可能来自拟声词，词源同nasal,nostril.
n.鼻子;(飞机,船等的)前端,突出部分A dose of poison made the noisy man's nose rosy.一剂毒药使得吵闹的男子的鼻子变成玫瑰色.
US [noʊz] noun countable
BODY PART 身体部位
 ESSENTIAL
■the part of the face that sticks out above the mouth, through which you breathe and smell 鼻，鼻子
• a large/long/pointed nose 大／长／尖鼻子
• I've got a sore throat and a runny nose (= liquid coming out of the nose). 我喉咙痛，还流鼻涕。
• Come on now, stop crying - blow your nose on my hankie. 好了，别哭了——用我的手帕擤擤鼻涕。
⇒ See also nasal specialized
■the particular smell of a wine （葡萄酒的）气味，香味
• a wine praised for its smoky nose 因其烟熏味而备受称道的葡萄酒
UK [nəʊz] US [noʊz] noun countable
VEHICLE 交通工具
■the front of a vehicle, especially an aircraft （车辆的）前端突出部；（尤指飞机）机头
• The symbol was painted on each side of the plane's nose. 飞机机头两侧都绘有这标志。
UK [nəʊz] US [noʊz] noun countable
be (right) under your nose
■to be in a place that you can clearly see 就在（某人）眼前
• I spent ages looking for the book and it was right under my nose all the time. 我花了很长时间找这本书，原来它一直就在我眼前呢。
• She shoved the letter under her boss's nose (= made certain he saw it). 她把信推到老板面前。 -
UK [nəʊz] US [noʊz] noun countable
by a nose
■If a person or animal wins a race or competition by a nose, they win it by only very little 以微弱优势（取胜）
• My horse won but only by a nose. It was a very exciting finish. 比赛结束得惊心动魄，我的马以微弱优势获得了胜利。
UK [nəʊz] US [noʊz] noun countable
get up sb's nose mainly UK informal
■to annoy someone 惹恼，激怒（某人）
• People who drive like that really get up my nose. 像那样开车的人着实让我恼火。
UK [nəʊz] US [noʊz] noun countable
have your nose in a book
■to always be reading 埋头苦读
• She's always got her nose in a book. 她总是埋头看书。
UK [nəʊz] US [noʊz] noun countable
have a (good) nose for sth informal
■to be good at finding things of the stated type 擅长寻找…；有发现…的能力
• She's got a good nose for a bargain, 她特别擅长议价。
• As a reporter, he had a nose for a good story. 身为记者，他善于挖掘好题材。
UK [nəʊz] US [noʊz] noun countable
keep your nose clean informal
■to avoid getting into trouble 不惹事生非，安分守己
• I'd only been out of prison three months so I was trying to keep my nose clean. 我刚刚出狱三个月，所以尽量安分守己。
UK [nəʊz] US [noʊz] noun countable
keep your nose out of sth informal
■to not become involved in other people's activities or relationships 不干预，不过问
• She can't keep her nose out of other people's business. 她总是喜欢多管闲事。
UK [nəʊz] US [noʊz] noun countable
keep / put your nose to the grindstone informal
■to work very hard for a long time 长时间苦干
• She kept her nose to the grindstone all year and got the exam results she wanted. 她整整一年勤奋苦学，终于取得了满意的考试成绩。
UK [nəʊz] US [noʊz] noun countable
nose in the air
■describes the way someone behaves when they think they are better than other people and do not want to speak to them 鼻孔朝天，目中无人
• She walked past me with her nose in the air. 她旁若无人地从我身边走过。
UK [nəʊz] US [noʊz] noun countable
nose to tail
■one closely behind the other 首尾相接
• The cars were parked nose to tail down the street. 汽车一辆紧接着一辆地停在街道上。
UK [nəʊz] US [noʊz] noun countable
on the nose
■exactly right, often an exact amount of money or time （常指钱或时间）准确无误
• Her description of the play was really on the nose. 她对这部戏的描述真是分毫不差。
UK [nəʊz] US [noʊz] noun countable
poke/stick your nose into sth informal
■to try to discover things which are not really related to you 探听，探问（不相干的事）
• I wish he'd stop poking his nose into my personal life! 我希望他别再探听我的私生活！
UK [nəʊz] US [noʊz] noun countable
put sb's nose out of joint informal
■to offend or upset someone, especially by getting something that they were wanting for themselves （尤指因夺人所爱而）冒犯，激怒（某人）
• John's nose was really put out of joint when Jane was promoted and he wasn't. 简得到提升而约翰却没有，他为此鼻子都气歪了。
UK [nəʊz] US [noʊz] noun countable
(from) under your nose (US also (out from) under your nose)
■used about something bad which happens in an obvious way but in a way that you do not notice or cannot prevent 在…眼皮底下发生（指坏事就在眼前发生但却没有注意到或无法阻止）
• She stole the shoes from right under the assistant's nose. 她在售货员的眼皮底下把鞋偷走了。
UK [nəʊz] US [noʊz] verb
SEARCH 寻找
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition informal
■to look around or search in order to discover something, especially something that other people do not want you to find 窥探，打探（尤指他人不欲公开的事）；搜寻
• There were some journalists nosing about/around. 有些记者在四处打探新闻。
• The police came in and started nosing into drawers and looking through papers. 警方到来后开始搜查抽屉，翻检文件。
UK [nəʊz] US [noʊz] verb
VEHICLE 交通工具
intransitive or transitive [+ adv/prep]
■to (make a vehicle) move forwards slowly and carefully 小心翼翼地行驶
• The car nosed out of the side street, its driver peering anxiously around. 司机一边紧张地四下张望，一边小心翼翼地把车驶出小路。
• He carefully nosed his lorry into the small gap. 他小心翼翼地把大卡车开进这个狭窄的空间。-
UK [nəʊz] US [noʊz] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] nose sth out informal
■to discover something by searching carefully 侦察出；打探出；查出
• He soon nosed out the details of the accident by chatting innocently to people and making some phone calls. 和人们随意闲聊，并打了几通电话之后，他很快就摸清了事故的细节。
n. 鼻子；嗅觉；突出的部分；探问
 - smell, boko
vt. 嗅；用鼻子触
 - smell, snuff at
vi. 小心探索着前进；探问
 - ask after

Word: radiologist
Front: radiologist
[ˌreɪdiˈɒlədʒɪst] (17826/36247)
Vocabulary: radiologist
(once / 33578 pages)
n
A radiologist is a doctor who detects and treats conditions using medical imaging, like x-ray machines. If you think you've broken your arm after a fall at the roller rink, you may need to see a radiologist.
A radiologist can x-ray your arm or leg and get a picture of the bones inside. Other tools available to radiologists include CT scans, MRIs, and ultrasound. These are all imaging techniques, and the word radiologist comes from the radiation that x-rays and CT scans use to create an image (from the Latin radiationem, "a shining"). Instead of radiation, ultrasounds use sound waves and MRIs use magnetic fields and radio waves.
WORD FAMILY
radiologist: radiologists+/ radiology: radiological, radiologist
USAGE EXAMPLES
Today, there is no radiologist and no urologist.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Radiologists are extensively trained and extremely well paid, and we think of their skill as one of professional insight — the highest register of thought.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
With the assistance of a radiologist friend who was alarmed by her deterioration, the X-ray galvanized Camp to push for an answer.
Washington Post(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: n. 放射线学者
分布：放射线学者(100%)
US [-'ɑ:.lə-] noun countable
■a person who specializes in radiology 放射学家；放射医疗研究人员

Word: cruelly
Front: cruelly
['kru:əlɪ] (17835/12157)
Back: adv. 残酷地; 残暴地; <口>极度地; 非常
分布：残酷地(51%)，非常(33%)，极(16%)
ADJ-GRADED
残酷的;冷酷的;残忍的;残暴的
Someone who is cruel deliberately causes pain or distress to people or animals.
例：Children can be so cruel...孩子有时可能会相当残忍。
例：Don't you think it's cruel to cage a creature up?你不认为把动物关进笼里太残忍了吗？
ADJ-GRADED
(处境或事件)引起痛苦的，残酷的
A situation or event that is cruel is very harsh and causes people distress.
例：...struggling to survive in a cruel world with which they cannot cope...在一个难以应付的残酷世界里拼命求生
例：By a cruel irony, his horse came down on a flat part of the course.十分残酷而且极具讽刺意味的是，他的马在赛场的平地上摔倒了。
adv. 残酷地；非常
 - extremely, badly, highly, greatly, too

Word: showy
Front: showy
[ˈʃəʊi] (宝 17832/22398)
Back: adj. 引人注目的; 过分装饰的，太华丽的
分布：显眼的(57%)，鲜艳的(31%)，卖弄的(12%)
→show,展示，炫耀，-y,形容词后缀。
US ['ʃoʊ-] disapproving
adjective
■attracting a lot of attention by being very colourful or bright, but without any real beauty 花俏的；招摇的；过分华丽的
• a showy production of a play 过分矫饰的戏剧
• Her dress was too showy for such a formal occasion. 在如此正式的场合，她的服饰过于花俏了。
adj. 艳丽的；炫耀的；显眼的
 - ambitious, gay

Word: entrance
Front: entrance
[ˈentrəns] (高研四六托雅宝 2877/2465 -K1)
Vocabulary: entrance
(once / 114 pages)
1n 2n 3v
As a noun, entrance means an act of entering or something that provides a way to enter something. You can make a grand entrance when you arrive at a party, as long as you can actually find the entrance.
Entrance has two pronunciations. If you put the accent on the first syllable, the word is a noun meaning the act of entering or the way into something ("an entrance to the building"). If the accent is on the second syllable, then entrance is a verb meaning "to enchant, charm, or enamor" — "You will be entranced by the movie; the scenery looks so real you will swear it is growing in the theater."
WORD FAMILY
entrance: entranced, entrancement, entrances, entrancing+/ enter: entered, entering, enters, entrance, entrant, entry, re-enter/entering: enterings/ entranced: entrancedly/entrancement: entrancements/entrancing: entrancingly/ entrant: entrants, re-entrant, reentrant/ entry: entries, reentry/re-enter: re-entered, re-entering/reentry: reentries
USAGE EXAMPLES
The plot is only a little bit of what matters in a Manual Cinema show; the performers are entrancing merely doing what they do.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The attacker fired indiscriminately at people, starting with a security guard and a travel agent near the entrance.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
A separate entrance for emergency care directly into the hospital means a high level of discretion for trauma cases.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 入口，进口; 进入; 进入方法，进入方式; 入场权
vt. 使出神，使入迷; 使喜悦，使狂喜
时态：entranced, entrancing, entrances
分布：入口(77%)，进入(12%)，使入迷(4%)，登场(3%)，进入权(2%)，使狂喜(2%)
→来自enter的名词形式。entrance 恍惚
n.入口,门口;进入;入学,入会After the entertainment the captain obtained an entrance fee.娱乐表演之后,船长获得了一笔入场费.
【记】源于enter（vt 进入；vi 进去；n 回车）
【反】egress（n 出口）；disgust（v 令人厌恶）；repel（vt 击退；使厌恶）；repulse（v 拒绝；憎恶）；bore（v 使烦扰；钻孔）
noun
 ESSENTIAL countable
■a door, gate, etc. by which you can enter a building or place 入口；大门（口）；通道
• There are two entrances - one at the front and one round the back. 入口有两个，一个在前面，另一个在后面。
Compare exit
countable usually singular
■when an actor or dancer comes onto a stage （演员的）入场，登场
• He makes a spectacular entrance in act two draped in a gold sheet. 在第二幕，他身披金袍上场，光彩炫目。
countable usually singular
■the act of a person coming into a room in an ordinary situation, although often because there is something noticeable about it 进入；进门
• I noticed her entrance because she slipped and fell in the doorway. 她进来时我注意到了，因为她在门口滑了一跤。
uncountable
■the right to enter a place 进入权；进入许可
• The management reserve the right to refuse entrance. 管理部门保留拒绝他人入内的权利。
UK [ɪn'trɑ:nts] US [-'trænts] verb transitive literary
■Someone or something that entrances you is so beautiful or interesting that you cannot stop listening to or watching them 使…着迷
• He has entranced millions of people with his beautifully illustrated books. 他曾以其附有精美插图的书吸引了上百万名读者。
admission, entry, admittance, entrance
这组词都有“入口或进入”的意思，其区别是：
admission: 指被允许进入某公共场所或建筑物的权利，也指进入某一组织。
entry: 强调正式地、礼仪地进入。用作“入口”解时，多指房门、院门、门廊等。
admittance: 指许可进入某地或某建筑物。
entrance: 含义广泛，作“进入”解时，可用于许多场合；作“入口”解时，指有门或栏的入口处。
n. [建] 入口；进入
 - threshold, access, portal, way in

Word: third-largest

Word: prohibitive
Front: prohibitive
[prəˈhɪbətɪv] (托宝 17838/18544 -1)
Vocabulary: prohibitive
(once / 6716 pages)
adj
If something's so expensive you can't touch it, it's prohibitive. That Ferrari in the showroom? You may want it, but its price is prohibitive.
Prohibitive originally referred to something (often a law) that prohibits or forbids something, but came to mean conditions (often prices or taxes) so high or great they restrict or prevent something: "To some, the cost of child care is prohibitive." The stress is on the second syllable, just like the verb: pro-HIB-itive. If it's a matter of expense, a synonym is exorbitant.
WORD FAMILY
prohibitive: prohibitively+/ prohibit: prohibited, prohibiting, prohibition, prohibitive, prohibits/ prohibition: prohibitionist, prohibitions/prohibitionist: prohibitionists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Lee said he considered trying to legally convert the building to residential use after he bought it but found the cost prohibitive.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
At some point, the prohibitive cost of screening MS drugs in de facto phase III trials will force us to adopt other, more creative solutions.
Nature(Nov 29, 2016)
The market, however, has become prohibitive for many.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 禁止的; 禁止性的; 抑制的; （指价格等）过高的
分布：禁止的(67%)，抑制的(33%)
→来自prohibit,禁止。引申词义昂贵的，贵得买不起的。
禁止的,价格极贵的(prohibit禁止+ive→价格到了禁止人买的地步)[hibit=hold,表示"拿住"]
禁止的;价格昂贵的(pro前面+hibit拿...提前拿住,不让别人拿...禁止的)[-ive 1.表形容词2.表名词后缀,"人或物"]
【记】源于：prohibit（v 禁止；阻止），阻止你的价格－昂贵的
US [-tˌɪv] adjective
■If the cost of something is prohibitive, it is too expensive for most people （费用）高得负担不起的，（价格等）使人望之却步的
• Hotel prices in the major cities are high but not prohibitive. 大城市里的旅馆费用昂贵，但还能负担得起。
adj. 禁止的，禁止性的；抑制的；（费用，价格等）过高的；类同禁止的
 - inhibitory, verboten

Word: infidel
Front: infidel
[ˈɪnfɪdəl] (17807/23929)
Vocabulary: infidel
(once / 962 pages)
n
Infidel is a nasty way of referring to someone who does not follow the same religion you do. How can you call people infidels and expect them to believe your religion is tolerant?
Infidel comes to English from the Latin infidelis, which means "unfaithful," although it's almost always hurled at a person of different faith. You can also use the word more lightly to mean someone who doesn't share a common belief or opinion. Cries of "Infidel!" could be heard throughout the dorm when you announced that you didn't root for the local football team.
WORD FAMILY
infidel: infidels
USAGE EXAMPLES
She was trying to run or to leave and they were saying ‘She is an infidel, just kill her!’
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
They, too, loathed educated experts and critics, who were treated as infidels to be burned at the stake, as it were.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
And they argued that practicing Islam means belief in the oppression of women and the murder of infidels, and that the religion is therefore unconstitutional.
Washington Post(Nov 05, 2016)
Back: n. 不信宗教的（人），异教徒
分布：无宗教信仰的(35%)，不信教的(33%)，不信宗教者(16%)，无宗教信仰之人(16%)
→in-,不，非，-fid,信任，信仰，词源同faith,infidelity.即信仰不同的，引申词义异教徒。
没信仰的人;异教徒(in不+fid+el→不信[宗教]的人)[fid=trust,faith,表示"相信,信念"]
US [-fə.del] old use disapproving
noun countable or uncountable
■(used especially between Christians and Muslims) someone who does not have the same religious beliefs as the person speaking 尤被基督徒和穆斯林用来互指异教徒
• He lived among infidels] the infidel. 他生活在异教徒中。
• infidel armies 异教徒军队
n. 异教徒；无信仰者
 - unbeliever, pagandom
adj. 异教徒的；无宗教信仰的
 - faithless, antireligious

Word: harem
Front: harem
[ˈhɑ:ri:m] (17828/13087)
Vocabulary: harem
(once / 2336 pages)
n
A harem is the part of the house in traditional Muslim society reserved for women — either wives, servants, or concubines.
Technically a harem is just a living space for women in a society that tends to separate men and women, but when we use harem, we’re often using it in the sense of a room full of women that serve someone powerful, often in a sexual way. Harem can also be used to refer to any flock of doting, servile people that surround someone. A star musician might be surrounded by a harem of devoted fans...really devoted fans.
WORD FAMILY
harem: harems
USAGE EXAMPLES
Reference to the expression “harem” is gradually deleted, as though cleansing the past with an antiseptic of the present is good policy.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
At home, he was the ill-tempered master of a mini harem.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
He called them the “harem,” according to the complaint, and said they were having “affairs” and “trysts” with Livingston.
Washington Post(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. （伊斯兰教徒的）女眷; 女眷居室，后宫
分布：一位男性的一群女性性伴侣(100%)
→来自阿拉伯语harama,禁地，保护所。引申词义妇女的内室或闺房。
noun countable
■especially in the past in some Muslim societies, the wives or other female sexual partners of a man, or the part of a house in which they live （尤指旧时伊斯兰教徒的）妻妾；（穆斯林住宅中的）闺阁，闺房
n. 为一个雄性动物所控制的许多雌性动物；闺房里的妻妾群；闺房（伊斯兰教教徒的）
 - boudoir, gynaecea

Word: sac
Front: sac
[sæk] (托 17836/16085 -1)
Vocabulary: sac
(once / 7558 pages)
1n 2n 3n
A sac is a hollow space or container. While any pocket or pouch can be called a sac, the word usually refers to a small enclosed space that occurs in nature, like a spider's egg sac or a squid's ink sac.
You might put your groceries in a sack, but without the “k” a sac is smaller and attached to a plant or animal. Human fetuses grow inside an amniotic sac, and seed plants produce pollen inside sacs as well. Since the mid-1700s, sac has been used to mean "biological pocket," from the Latin root word saccus, or "bag." If you’re not sure which sac to use, it’s almost always the other one unless you’re in biology class.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
sac / sack
Both are containers, but a sac is for plants and animals, and a sack is for a sandwich. So spiders put their eggs in a sac, and people put their groceries in a sack.
A sac is usually biological — attached to a living thing. At the end of E.B. White's, Charlotte's Web, Charlotte, the dying spider, says, "This is my egg sac, my magnum opus, my great work."
Sacs aren't just for spiders, though. Humans have them, too:
 "The identical twin girls shared an amniotic sac and placenta." (Washington Post)
"It damages air sacs and passages to the lungs, and can make breathing a struggle." (BBC)
Add a "k" to make sack and you've got yourself another name for a bag you can put your groceries in. You might have a sack of flour in your kitchen. Soldiers can also sack entire villages, as in raid them. People also sack quarterbacks and needless employees. Here are some examples:
"Within earshot, Meser, a 32-year-old farmer, sat on three sacks of rice with two cans of oil resting by his feet." (New York Times)
"Attitudes hardened after the sacking of Constantinople, the centre of the Orthodox empire, by Crusaders in 1204." (The Guardian)
"Every team that passed me, I was thinking how I'm going to sack their quarterback." (Salon)
They sound exactly the same, and they both contain something, but sac is more specific and rare than sack. You put your snack in a sack.
WORD FAMILY
sac: sacs
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Spokane County Medical Examiner said Friday that Patricia Johnson died of heart failure after the sac around her heart filled with fluid.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Illegal salvers deactivate their AIS when over a shipwreck, which registers with the SAC system.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
His fingers plunged inside the urchin and then he passed me the slimy orange sac that lurked within it.
New York Times(Aug 30, 2016)
Back: n. （动植物组织中的）囊，液囊
abbr. 缩写 = (US) Strategic Air Command 战略空军司令部。
分布：囊(94%)，液囊(6%)
→来自法语 sac,囊，来自拉丁语 saccus,袋子，口袋，词源同 sack.
[sæk] specialized
noun countable
■a part of a plant or animal which is like a bag and often contains liquid （动植物的）囊，液囊
n. [生物] 囊；液囊
 - sacch, bursa

Word: blown
Front: blown
[bləʊn] (17827/20499)
Back: adj. 喘气的; 膨胀的; 开花的; 吹制的
v. 吹气( blow的过去分词 ); 刮风; 吹响; 炸开
分布：盛开的(29%)，吹制的(25%)，喘气的(22%)，膨胀的(19%)，动词blow的过去分词.(5%)
US [bloʊn] verb past participle of blow
adj. 吹制的，吹出的；开花的，盛开的；喘气的
 - inflorescent, floriferous

Word: nuzzle
Front: nuzzle
[ˈnʌzl] (17791/23388)
Vocabulary: nuzzle
(once / 18911 pages)
v
To nuzzle is to affectionately rub your nose and face against someone (or something). It's hard to get out of bed in the morning when your cat lies down on your chest and nuzzles you.
A mother might nuzzle her new baby's head, and a horse will nuzzle a person's hand — hoping for an apple or sugar cube. In the fifteenth century, this word instead meant "to bring the nose to the ground," from the verb nose, "pry or smell with the nose." The current meaning was influenced by words like nestle and the now-obsolete "nursle," meaning "to nurse."
WORD FAMILY
nuzzle: nuzzled, nuzzles, nuzzling
USAGE EXAMPLES
At the sight of a Tennant they would amble over, nuzzle and let themselves be milked.
New York Times(Jan 06, 2016)
Rico, the nuzzling colt, likes his new human friends and the feed bucket, but his mom is not so quick to trust again.
Washington Times(Dec 14, 2016)
In Washington the afternoon plodded, nuzzled by a perfect sun.
Washington Post(Nov 09, 2016)
Back: vt. （用鼻）掘; 擦; 依偎; （用头或脸）紧挨
时态：nuzzled, nuzzling, nuzzles
分布：用鼻爱抚(47%)，触(38%)，紧挨(15%)
→来自nose,鼻子，-le,表反复。
verb intransitive + adverb or preposition transitive
■to touch, rub or press something or someone gently and/or in a way that shows your love, especially with the head or nose, usually with small repeated movements （尤指用头或鼻）轻触，轻擦，磨擦
• My dog came and nuzzled my foot to try and cheer me up. 我的狗过来用鼻子轻轻擦我的脚，想令我高兴起来。
• The kittens like to nuzzle up against/up to their mother. 小猫喜欢紧紧挨着它们的妈妈。

Word: obsessively
Front: obsessively
[əb'sesɪvlɪ] (17841/20134)
Back: adv. 使人着迷地; 着魔地; 困扰地; 过分地
分布：困扰地(100%)
ADJ-GRADED
着迷的；迷恋的；强迫性的；过分（到不正常程序）的
If someone's behaviour is obsessive, they cannot stop doing a particular thing or behaving in a particular way.
例：Williams is obsessive about motor racing...威廉斯对赛车到了痴迷的程度。
例：You were suffering from a period of obsessive depression after losing your job.你正处于失去工作后一段过度焦虑的抑郁期。
N-COUNT
着迷的人；强迫症患者
An obsessive is someone who is obsessive about something or who behaves in an obsessive way.
例：Obsessives, in any area, are invariably as boring as their hobbies...无论在哪个领域，过分痴迷者都会跟他们的癖好一样令人厌烦。
例：I am not an obsessive. Not at all.我不是个强迫症患者，完全不是。
adv. 过分地；着迷地，着魔似地
 - excessively, fulsomely

Word: homesick
Front: homesick
[ˈhəʊmsɪk] (托 17844/18857 -1)
Vocabulary: homesick
(once / 1801 pages)
adj
When you're away from home and you miss it terribly, you're homesick. Most kids get homesick when they first go to summer camp.
Everyone feels homesick sometimes, but it's probably most common for kids to get homesick when they're on their first sleepover or visiting their grandparents, or even when they leave for college as freshmen. There is a wistful yearning included in the idea of being homesick — a longing to be back where you started. Homesickness came first, from the German heimweh, "home woe" or "home pain."
WORD FAMILY
homesick: homesicker, homesickest, homesickly, homesickness
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I like the old statement ‘Heaven is my home, but I’m not homesick.’
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
One of scurvy’s characteristics was a type of homesick nostalgia.
Slate(Dec 08, 2016)
On Thanksgiving Day, wandering around Iran, I became rather dramatically homesick, and desperate to hear my parents’ voices.
New York Times(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 想家的，患思乡病的; 莼鲈之思
分布：形容词(92%)，名词(8%)
→home,家，sick,病的。比喻用法。
US ['hoʊm-] adjective
■unhappy because of being away from home for a long period 思乡的，想家的
• As I read my mother's letter, I began to feel more and more homesick. 我在读妈妈的来信时开始觉得越来越想家。

Word: snub
Front: snub
[snʌb] (宝 17845/16075 -1)
Vocabulary: snub
(once / 1622 pages)
vnadj
To snub is to ignore or refuse to acknowledge someone. If you want to snub your former best friend, you can refuse to even look at her when you pass in the hallway.
When you snub someone, you deliver an insult by pretending to not even notice someone that you know. There’s an element of disdain and rejection to a snub, as if you’re too good to even acknowledge the person. As a noun, a snub is that act of cold rejection. Your former friend probably noticed the snub, and she’ll probably snub you from now on. Snub also means "very short," like the nose on a bulldog.
WORD FAMILY
snub: snubbed, snubbing, snubs
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s ugly to think of popular music as a game that separates winners from losers, inductees from snubs, bestsellers from flops.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
A few days later, he was snubbed by Pro Bowl voters for the seventh time in eight seasons.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Its entire roster was snubbed for Pro Bowl honors.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. 冷落; 拒绝; 挽桩滞缆而刹住（船等）; 掐灭（例如香烟）
n. 冷落，怠慢; 斥责; 突然的停止
adj. （鼻子）短而扁的
时态：snubbed, snubbing, snubs
分布：冷落(59%)，怠慢(31%)，斥责(8%)，止住(2%)
→可能来自辅音丛 sn-,鼻子，闻，嗅，发鼻音，比较 sneer,snore,snicker,sniff,snuff.用于指短平 而上翘的的鼻子，引申动词词义冷落，怠慢等。
【记】读：死牛B！你怎么那么牛B呀，竟敢怠慢我！！
【反】court（v 向…献殷勤；追求）
[snʌb] (-bb-)
verb transitive
■to insult someone by not giving them any attention or treating them as if they are not important 冷落，怠慢
• I think she felt snubbed because Anthony hadn't bothered to introduce himself. 我想她觉得受了冷落，因为安东尼根本没有作自我介绍。
vt. 冷落；严厉斥责；掐灭
 - absent treatment
n. 冷落；斥责；突然的停止
 - denunciation, fetch-up

Word: acumen
Front: acumen
[ˈækjəmən] (托宝 17842/18865)
Vocabulary: acumen
(once / 4289 pages)
1n 2n
If you have acumen, you are very sharp at what you do. You hope your accountant and your surgeon are both known for their acumen.
The noun acumen comes from the Latin word acumen, meaning “a point,” or “sting.” If you are able to make pointed decisions, if you have a sharp intellect, if you make good strategic moves, if you are successful in your field, or if your business instincts are spot-on, you have acumen. Even if you inherit an entire wholesale furniture dynasty from your grandfather, you could end up with nothing if you don’t have his business acumen.
WORD FAMILY
acumen: acuminate+/acuminate: acuminated
USAGE EXAMPLES
Rousey showed little defensive acumen as she staggered and stumbled backward with Nunes relentlessly pursuing her and landing 27 punches in the brief bout.
Time(Dec 31, 2016)
The third historic feature of President-elect Trump’s transition is his application of world-class business acumen to the office of president.
Time(Dec 28, 2016)
But his accomplishments and political acumen were overshadowed by an emerging scandal.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 敏锐; 聪明; <植>渐尖头; <动>短刺
分布：敏锐(81%)，聪明(19%)
→来自词根ac, 尖。-men名词后缀，同-ment.
敏锐,聪明(acu+men表示名词→尖→敏锐)[acid,acri,acrid,acu=sour,sharp,表示"尖,酸,锐利"]
【记】acu尖，men表示名词，人－尖的人，设想一个人削尖了脑袋钻进一项事业中去，那么他一定会具备敏锐的洞察力。
【反】unable to discerning（不能识别）
US [ə'kju:.mən] formal
noun uncountable
■skill in making correct decisions and judgments in a particular subject, such as business or politics 敏锐；精明
• She has considerable business/financial acumen. 她在商业／金融方面相当敏锐。
n. 聪明，敏锐
 - brightness, wiseness

Word: reprehensible
Front: reprehensible
[ˌreprɪˈhensəbl] (宝 17850/20896)
Vocabulary: reprehensible
(once / 4456 pages)
adj
Reprehensible means deserving of blame or strong criticism. It is a strong word––your mother might forgive you for doing something bad, but something reprehensible? That's worse.
Near synonyms are blameworthy and culpable. Antonyms are blameless and praiseworthy. The adjective reprehensible is from Middle English, from Latin reprehensus, from reprehendere plus the suffix -ibilis "deserving of, capable of." If someone is reprehended, they are blamed or strongly criticized.
WORD FAMILY
reprehensible: reprehensibility, reprehensibly, reprehensively+/reprehend: reprehended, reprehending, reprehends, reprehensible, reprehension/reprehension: reprehensions
USAGE EXAMPLES
A Trump spokesperson said the comments were “absolutely reprehensible, and they serve no place in our public discourse”.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Drexel on Sunday called his tweet "utterly reprehensible" and said it would meet with him to discuss it.
Reuters(Dec 27, 2016)
It involves providing a scenario for a person to deny knowledge of or responsibility for a reprehensible act.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 应受谴责的
分布：应受谴责的(100%)
→re-,向后，往回，-prehens,抓住，词源同 comprehend,prehensile.即抓回，引申词义应受指责的 等。
应受责难的(re+prehens+ible)[prehens,prehend=catch表示"抓住"]
【记】re反复，pre，hens＝hand，ible：反复用手拽住他，因为他应受谴责的
【参】comprehend（v 领会；理解）；apprehend（v 领会；忧虑）
formal
adjective
■If someone's behaviour is reprehensible, it is extremely bad or unacceptable 应受斥责的；应受指责的；不道德的
• reprehensible conduct/actions 应受指责的行为／行动

Word: sarcastically
Front: sarcastically
[sɑ:'kæstɪklɪ] (17839/17236)
Back: adv. 讽刺地，挖苦地
分布：挖苦地(44%)，讽刺地(42%)，嘲笑地(14%)
ADJ-GRADED
讽刺的;嘲笑的;挖苦的
Someone who is sarcastic says or does the opposite of what they really mean in order to mock or insult someone.
例：She poked fun at people's shortcomings with sarcastic remarks.她冷嘲热讽地拿别人的缺点开玩笑。
adv. 讽刺地；挖苦地
 - ironically, satirically

Word: moor
Front: moor
[mɔ:(r)] (六宝 17855/4388 -2)
Vocabulary: moor
(once / 758 pages)
1v 2n
To moor is to tie up a ship, as in to moor the ocean liner to the docks. Or, if you're reading Victorian literature, a moor could be a mossy meet-up spot.
This word of many hats can also be a noun — a moor is mossy land covered in bushes and grass. The spooky dogs in Sherlock Holmes's The Hound of the Baskervilles lurk in the moor. With a capital "M," a Moor can refer to a person descended from Muslims of northwestern Africa. It's usually used as a verb, though, meaning to fasten a boat — probably related to the Old English word mærels "mooring rope." Say the word in a deep voice and it almost sounds like the foghorn on a ship that's about to moor in the harbor on a foggy night.
WORD FAMILY
moor: moorage, moored, mooring, moors+/ mooring: moorings
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the late afternoon we set off for a sheltered overnight mooring.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
In the end the Asia rebalance will not live or die because of where ships are moored.
Economist(Dec 08, 2016)
Bruner and a few fellow shipmates shouted to a sailor on the ship moored next to the Arizona to toss over some rope.
Washington Times(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: n. 荒野，旷野; 沼泽; 摩尔人; 停泊，抛锚
vt. & vi. 使停泊; 系住; （把飞船）拴在系留塔上; 固定
时态：moored, mooring, moors
分布：荒野(55%)，停泊(21%)，系住(12%)，旷野(12%)
→北非某民族名。来自拉丁语Maurus,来自希腊语Mauros,摩尔人，可能来自mauros,黑人。moor 沼泽，荒野
【记】moon照着moor
【源】摩尔人Moor一群穆斯林人，主要居住于非洲西北部的荒野上。
UK [mʊər] US [mʊr] noun countable
■an open area of hills covered with rough grass 高沼；荒野；旷野
• the Yorkshire moors 约克郡高沼
UK [mɔ:r] UK [mʊər] US [mʊr] verb intransitive or transitive
■to tie a boat so that it stays in the same place （使）停泊，系泊，系留
• We moored further up the river. 我们把船停泊在河流更上游的地方。
• We moored the boat to a large tree root. 我们将船系泊在一棵大树下。
vt. 系住；使停泊
 - bend on
n. [地理] 沼泽；荒野
 - wild, cienaga

Word: photosynthesis
Front: photosynthesis
[ˌfəʊtəʊˈsɪnθəsɪs] (托宝 17755/17561)
Vocabulary: photosynthesis
(once / 40757 pages)
n
Plants absorb sunlight and turn that energy into food; the process is known as photosynthesis.
This is a compound word made up of photo (which means "light") and synthesis (which means "to put together"). Think of a synthesizer, which puts together different sounds to produce music. A plant uses light to put together chemical compounds and turn them into carbohydrates: food. Although the word can be used to describe any process that uses light to connect compounds, the word is almost always used to describe a plant's method of making food.
WORD FAMILY
photosynthesis
USAGE EXAMPLES
During spring and summer, trees with freshly grown leaves remove carbon dioxide through photosynthesis.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Now researchers have shown that increasing the pace at which plants resume full photosynthesis can boost their yields by about 15%.
Nature(Nov 22, 2016)
You may remember from high school biology that chlorophyll is essential for photosynthesis, the process plants use to convert sunlight into energy.
Time(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: n. 光合作用，光能合成
分布：光合作用(100%)
→phot-,光，synthesis,合成作用。
US [ˌfoʊ.tˌoʊ-] noun uncountable
■the process by which a plant uses the energy from the light of the sun to produce its own food 光合作用

Word: bleached
Front: bleached
[bli:tʃt] (17851/19499)
Back: adj. 漂白的，晒白的，颜色变浅的
v. 使（颜色）变淡，变白，漂白( bleach的过去式和过去分词 )
分布：漂白(63%)，漂白剂(33%)，变白(4%)
VERB
漂白；使变白
If you bleach something, you use a chemical to make it white or pale in colour.
例：These products don't bleach the hair.这些产品不会使头发变白。
例：Commercial flour is bleached artificially.市面上的面粉是经过人工漂白的。
V-ERG
晒白；（使）褪色；（使）变白
If the sun bleaches something, or something bleaches, its colour gets paler until it is almost white.
例：The tree's roots are stripped and hung to season and bleach...树根剥皮后挂起来风干晒白。
例：The sun will bleach the hairs on your face...太阳会使你脸上的汗毛发白。
N-MASS
漂白剂
Bleach is a chemical that is used to make cloth white, or to clean things thoroughly and kill germs.
adj. 变白的；漂白了的
 - albescent

Word: beehive
Front: beehive
[ˈbi:haɪv] (高 17858/19831)
Vocabulary: beehive
(once / 6495 pages)
1n 2n
A beehive is a structure — either made by humans or bees — in which bees live and make honey. You might find a beehive in a hollow tree.
If you become a beekeeper, you will either build or buy one or more beehives for your bees to live in. You might wear a protective suit, with a hat and netting that covers your face, when you are cleaning or checking on your beehives, to avoid being stung. Around 1960, the word beehive began being used to refer to a remarkable hairstyle, a round, high teased style that requires plenty of hairspray.
WORD FAMILY
beehive: beehives
USAGE EXAMPLES
Another time, Yan walked smack into a beehive in the dark, and the colony erupted.
Science Magazine(Nov 23, 2016)
The banquettes are lipstick-red, while the light fixtures could pass for illuminated beehives.
Washington Post(Nov 10, 2016)
The beehives have wooden frames where the honey is stored, which can be removed without crushing the bees, he said.
Reuters(Nov 09, 2016)
Back: n. 蜂窝; 蜂巢; 蜂箱; 拥挤的地方
分布：蜂箱(100%)
noun countable
CONTAINER 容器
■a container shaped like a box in which bees are kept so that their honey can be collected 蜂箱，蜂巢
['bi:.haɪv] noun countable
HAIR 头发
■a woman's hairstyle in which the hair is arranged in a pile high on the head （女子的）蜂巢式发型
n. 蜂窝； [蜂] 蜂箱
 - skep, honeycombing

Word: stereotyped
Front: stereotyped
[ˈsteri:əˌtaɪpt, ˌstɪə-] (研 17812/14543)
Back: adj. 铅版的; 套用陈规的
v. 把…模式化，使成陈规( stereotype的过去式和过去分词 )
分布：老一套的(80%)，动词stereotype的过去式和过去分词形式.(20%)
N-COUNT
模式化的形象(或特征);固定模式;刻板印象;陈规老套
A stereotype is a fixed general image or set of characteristics that a lot of people believe represent a particular type of person or thing.
例：There's always been a stereotype about successful businessmen...人们对于成功商人一直都有一种固定印象。
例：Many men feel their body shape doesn't live up to the stereotype of the ideal man.很多男人都觉得自己的体形不符合人们心目中惯有的理想男性形象。
VERB
使模式化;使定型
If someone is stereotyped as something, people form a fixed general idea or image of them, so that it is assumed that they will behave in a particular way.
例：He was stereotyped by some as a rebel...他被一些人认定为叛逆者。
例：I get very worked up about the way women are stereotyped in a lot of mainstream films...我对很多主流电影中千篇一律的女性形象感到非常气愤。
adj. 用铅版印刷的；老一套的
 - banal, trite

Word: yellowed
Front: yellowed
[ˈjeləud] (17805/33152)
Back: v. （使某物）变黄或发黄( yellow的过去式和过去分词 )
分布：黄色(69%)，黄色的(29%)，黄种人(1%)，蛋黄(1%)
COLOUR
黄;黄色
Something that is yellow is the colour of lemons, butter, or the middle part of an egg.
例：The walls have been painted bright yellow...墙壁漆成了亮黄色。
例：Kim opted for cooler blues and yellows in the master bedroom.金为主卧室挑选了偏冷色调的蓝色和黄色。
VERB
（通常因陈旧）变黄，发黄
If something yellows, it becomes yellow in colour, often because it is old.
例：The flesh of his cheeks seemed to have yellowed...他似乎有些面色发黄。
例：She sat scanning the yellowing pages.她坐着浏览发黄的书页。

Word: gloat
Front: gloat
[gləʊt] (托宝 17861/20348 -1)
Vocabulary: gloat
(once / 2484 pages)
vn
If you gloat, you express great satisfaction at the misfortune of others. If your team scores a big win, it would be better not to gloat. Be happy for your win, but don't laugh at their loss.
Gloat seems have come from a Germanic word meaning "to stare." Somehow people may have gotten the sense that whoever was doing the staring was also taking a deep and unwholesome pleasure in whatever he or she was seeing. Think about people staring and pointing and laughing. Sometimes you gloat when someone has rejected the help you have offered. If your little sister won't listen to your advice on how to improve her essay and then comes home with a bad grade, it will be very hard not to gloat and say "I told you so."
WORD FAMILY
gloat: gloated, gloating, gloats+/gloating: gloatings
USAGE EXAMPLES
“That was one reason I debated it, because I didn’t want to offend him. “I wasn’t gloating over it,” he continued.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
But already Iranian officials are gloating about their advances in Aleppo.
BBC(Dec 23, 2016)
But even this year is no time for gloating: Early in 2016, the market declined sharply and forecasters shifted their predictions lower.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: vi. 幸灾乐祸地注视; 心满意足地注视; 爱慕地凝视
n. 幸灾乐祸; 沾沾自喜，洋洋得意; 爱慕的凝视，垂涎
时态：gloated, gloating, gloats
分布：幸灾乐祸(75%)，沾沾自喜(20%)，满足地看(5%)
→词源同glib, 欢喜，幸灾乐祸。
【记】glow at：用发光的眼睛看－幸灾乐祸地看读：哥漏它－哥哥踢球时候漏了球－我幸灾乐祸地看
【区】float（n /v 漂浮）
US [gloʊt] verb intransitive
■to feel or express great pleasure or satisfaction because of your own success or good luck, or someone else's failure or bad luck （因自己的成功或好运而）沾沾自喜；（因别人的失败或坏运而）幸灾乐祸
• She's continually gloating over/about her new job. 她一直在为获得新工作而沾沾自喜。
• I know I shouldn't gloat, but it really serves him right. 我知道自己不应该幸灾乐祸，可他真是活该。
• His enemies were quick to gloat at his humiliation. 看到他受辱，他的死对头乘机幸灾乐祸。
• [+ speech] "This is our fourth victory in a row, " he gloated. “这是我们连续第四场获胜了，”他洋洋得意地说。
UK [gləʊt] US [gloʊt] noun countable usually singular
■when you gloat about something 沾沾自喜；幸灾乐祸
• to have a gloat at/over/about something 对某事洋洋得意（或幸灾乐祸）
vi. 幸灾乐祸；心满意足地注视
 - lick one's chops, crow over
n. 幸灾乐祸；贪婪的盯视；洋洋得意
 - schadenfreude, Roman holiday

Word: fizzle
Front: fizzle
[ˈfɪzl] (17860/20726)
Back: n. 嘶嘶声，微弱的结束，失败
vi. 发嘶嘶声，失败
时态：fizzled, fizzling, fizzles
分布：失败(67%)，嘶嘶声(19%)，发嘶嘶声(14%)
→拟声词。
verb intransitive mainly US to gradually end 逐渐结束；逐渐破灭
• Interest in the project fizzled after the funding was withdrawn. 撤资后，人们对此专案计划的兴趣逐渐丧失殆尽。
■UK
■to make a weak continuous 's' sound 发出微弱的咝咝声
• The fire fizzled miserably in the rain. 火被雨浇得咝咝作响，快要灭了。
['fɪz.l] verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  fizzle out
■to gradually end, often in a disappointing or weak way 逐渐终止，有始无终
• They went off to different universities and their relationship just fizzled out. 由于他们上的不是同一所大学，两人的关系便逐渐结束了。
vi. 失败；发嘶嘶声；萎靡
 - founder, come to naught
n. 失败；嘶嘶声
 - failure, loss, defeat, losing, reverse

Word: tumult
Front: tumult
[ˈtju:mʌlt] (托雅宝 17862/20125)
Vocabulary: tumult
(once / 378 pages)
n
If a principal steps into a classroom and is greeted by a tumult of voices, with the teacher shouting for his kids' attention, she will not be pleased. A tumult is a state of noisy confusion.
Very often a crowd of people will cause a tumult. But your mind can also be in tumult, when you're confused and overwhelmed by strong emotions. If you want an adjective to describe these types of bewildering situations, use tumultuous. Tumult is from the Latin tumultus "an uproar," which is related to the Latin verb tumēre "to be excited."
WORD FAMILY
tumult: tumults, tumultuous +/ tumultuous: tumultuously, tumultuousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Is it maturity — to endure, to survive long stretches of emotional tumult on moxie and sojourns to the gym?
Salon(Dec 25, 2016)
That began to change, however slowly, in the 1960s and ’70s, amid the tumult of the civil rights and feminist movements.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
It is also a side of soccer he fears is increasingly being lost in the sport’s thirst for tumult.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 吵闹; 喧哗; 激动的吵闹声; 心烦意乱
分布：骚乱(60%)，烦乱(23%)，嘈杂声(17%)
→来自拉丁语 tumultus,混乱，骚乱，来自 tumere,肿胀，肿大，词源同 tumid,tumescence.
【记】tumu土木，lt：大兴土木－吵闹
【反】quietude（n 平静）；quiescence（n 静止）；tranquility（n 宁静）；serenity（n 平静）
US ['tu:-] formal
noun countable or uncountable
■a loud noise, especially that produced by an excited crowd, or a state of confusion, change or uncertainty 吵闹，喧哗；骚乱，混乱
• You couldn't hear her speak over the tumult from the screaming fans. 在那些尖叫的歌迷的喧闹声中，你根本无法听清她在说甚么。
• From every direction, people were running and shouting and falling over each other in a tumult of confusion. 在一片骚乱中，人们四处狂奔，大喊大叫，你绊倒我，我绊倒你。
• The financial markets are in tumult. 金融市场一片混乱。
n. 骚动；骚乱；吵闹；激动
 - combustion, row, disturbance, disorder, sound

Word: currant
Front: currant
[ˈkʌrənt] (17825/16415)
Back: n. 无核小葡萄干; 茶藨子属植物（的果实）
分布：醋栗(84%)，无核葡萄干(16%)
→因产自希腊词Corinth岛而得名。比较chestnut。
US ['kɝ:-] noun countable
DRY FRUIT 果干
■a small black dried grape without seeds, used especially in cakes （尤用于做蛋糕的）小葡萄干
• currant buns 葡萄干小圆面包
UK ['kʌr.ənt] US ['kɝ:-] noun countable
FRUIT 水果
■a small round fruit which grows on bushes and is eaten fresh or cooked 醋栗，茶藨子
• blackcurrants/redcurrants 黑醋栗／红醋栗
• currant bushes 醋栗灌木

Word: apolitical
Front: apolitical
[ˌeɪpəˈlɪtɪkl] (17847/23332)
Vocabulary: apolitical
(once / 27171 pages)
adj
If you don't care who's president, don't belong to a party, and don't care about political issues, you're apolitical: uninterested in politics.
Lots of people are very interested in politics. People who vote, follow current events, and register with political parties are being political. On the other hand, some people don't care about such things: they are apolitical. Putting the a in front of political makes it mean "not political." If you're apolitical, you're either politically neutral or don't care about politics at all. Since politics can be very frustrating, it's natural that some people end up being apolitical.
WORD FAMILY
apolitical: apolitically+/nonpolitical: nonpolitically/ political: apolitical, nonpolitical, politically, semipolitical, unpolitical/ politician: politicians/politicise: politicised, politicising/ politicize: politicized, politicizes, politicizing/ politics: political, politician, politicise, politicize
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Nothing in these times is apolitical. Organizations whose missions are threatened by some of Trump’s positions need to think about that.”
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
“We as police officers are required to be apolitical,” Newsham said.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
The latter forces are more galvanizing, for liberals and the apolitical alike.
Salon(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 对政治不感兴趣的，与政治无关的; 无政治意义的
分布：不关心政治的(69%)，无政治意义的(31%)
→前缀a-, 无，没有。politic, 政治的。
不关政治的(a+political政治的)[a-①加在单词或词根前面,表示"不,无,非"②加在单词前,表示"在…,...的"]
【记】a非，无，political政治的－不关心政治的
US [-'lɪtˌ-] adjective
■not interested in or connected with politics, or not connected to any political party 不关心政治的；非政治的；和政党无关的
• The organization insists that it is apolitical and does not identify with any one particular party. 该组织坚称它是一个非政治性团体，与任何政党都没有纠葛。

Word: scroll
Front: scroll
[skrəʊl] (托雅宝 10484/12405 -1)
Vocabulary: scroll
(once / 1333 pages)
nv
A rolled up piece of paper is a scroll. If you write a poem on a sheet of paper, roll it up, and tie it with a ribbon, you can call it a scroll.
Before books existed, people wrote stories or important information on parchment or papyrus and rolled them into scrolls for easy storage and transport. Sometimes, a scroll would serve as a work of art, a decorated tale that would occasionally be unrolled and displayed. These days, when you scroll through something, you're probably reading it on a computer, moving down the screen.
WORD FAMILY
scroll: scrolled, scrolling, scrolls
USAGE EXAMPLES
She scrolled through hundreds of aggressive messages, searching for the one that troubled her the most.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
I scrolled back through the last 12 months of columns, as journalists do this time of year, and thought I’d found mostly reasons for despair.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
As Mohamed guarded a displaced persons camp this week, scrolled through photos of himself in front of sandbags on the front lines southeast of Mosul.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. （常用于录写正式文件的）纸卷; 书卷，画卷，卷轴; 涡卷形（装饰）; 〈古〉表，目录
vt. 使成卷形; （电脑屏幕上）从上到下移动（资料等），卷页
vi. （似卷轴般）卷起; （像展开卷轴般地）将文字显示于屏幕
时态：scrolled, scrolling, scrolls
分布：卷轴(54%)，画卷(27%)，名册(7%)，卷动(6%)，卷形物(6%)
→来自古法语 escroe,碎片，纸卷，羊皮纸卷轴，来自 Proto-Germanic*skrauth,碎片，来自 sker, 砍，剪，切，词源同 shear,share,shred.引申词义画卷，卷形物等。
【记】sc＝scene（n 风景），roll（n 卷）－卷着风景的画卷
US [skroʊl] noun countable
■a long roll of paper or similar material with usually official writing on it 长卷纸，卷轴
• The ancient Egyptians stored information on scrolls. 古埃及人把资讯记载在卷轴上。
■a decoration that looks like a roll of paper 涡卷形装饰
• The tops of the marble pillars were decorated with scrolls. 大理石柱子的顶端有涡卷形装饰。
UK [skrəʊl] US [skroʊl] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to move text or other information on a computer screen in order to view a different part of it 滚动
• Scroll to the end of the document. 滚动至文件的最后。
n. 卷轴，画卷；名册；卷形物
 - book, roll

Word: bound
Front: bound
[baʊnd] (高研四六托雅 8004/3174 -K3)
Vocabulary: bound
(once / 39 pages)
1adj 2adj 3adj 4adj 5nv 6vn
To bound is to jump or hop — usually as you run. Bound can also mean to go or to plan to go, especially to a certain destination, as in being bound for New York or homeward-bound.
Superman can "leap tall buildings in a single bound," but the word bound is usually about boundaries. When you're playing soccer or football, the ball goes "out of bounds." Someone can also be bound with rope — tied up. Commitments are another kind of tie. When you get married, you're bound to your partner. If you make a promise, you're bound to your word. On a less pleasant note, if you're constipated, you're bound up.
WORD FAMILY
bound: boundary, bounded, bounder, bounding, boundingly, boundless, bounds, inbound, rebound, unbound+/ boundary: boundaries/bounded: boundedness, unbounded/bounder: bounderish, bounders/ boundless: boundlessly, boundlessness/ rebound: rebounded, rebounding, rebounds/unbound: unboundedly/unbounded: unboundedness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The slip roads east and west bound at junction 24 of the M62 remain closed.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
“You really understand the full bounds of the problem.”
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Most of the students are bound for U.S. universities, Relacion said.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: vi. 跳，弹跳; 限制; 接壤
vt. 给…划界，限制; 使弹回，使跳跃; 束缚
n. 界限，限制; 跃起; （球等的）反跳
adj. 用带子绑住的; 有义务的; 装订的，有封面的; [化，物]结合的
时态：bound, bounded, bounding, bounds
分布：跳跃(25%)，界限(13%)，跳(13%)，有义务的(12%)，范围(11%)，装订的(9%)，受约束的(6%)，跳跃前进(4%)，猛涨(3%)，动词bind的过去式和过去分词形式(2%)，必定的(2%)
→1.弹，跳，拟声词，同bounce.
v./n.跳(跃)a.被束缚的,一定的;n.界限He's bound to go, and nothing could stop him.他决定要走,任何事都阻止不了他.
adjective
CERTAIN 肯定的
[after verb]
■certain or extremely likely to happen 肯定的；极有可能的；必然的；注定了的
• [+ to infinitive] You're bound to forget people's names occasionally. 你肯定会偶尔忘记别人的名字。
• You're bound to feel nervous about your interview. 面试时你很可能会感到紧张。
• These two young musicians are bound for international success (= are certain to be successful). 这两位年轻的音乐家一定会蜚声国际。
be bound and determined US
■to be seriously intending to do something 一定要
• They are bound and determined to build their own house someday. 他们坚信总有一天他们会盖起自己的房子。
I'll be bound UK old-fashioned
■I am certain 我敢肯定，我敢保证
• He's in the pub, I'll be bound. 我敢肯定他在酒吧。
[baʊnd] adjective
FORCED 被迫的
[after verb] [+ to infinitive]
■having a moral or legal duty to do something 受束缚的，受约束的；（法律或道德上）有义务的
• The company is bound by a special agreement to involve the union in important decisions. 公司受一项特殊协定的约束，须请工会参与重大决策。
• She feels (duty) bound to tell him everything. 她觉得自己有义务告诉他一切。
[baʊnd] adjective
FASTENED 捆绑
■tied with rope, cord , string, etc. （用绳、线等）捆好的，绑住的
• We found the girl bound and gagged. 我们发现女孩被绑住了，嘴也堵上了。
■(of a book) having a cover made of paper, leather or other material （书籍的）封皮
• The book was bound in shiny green leather. 该书是用闪亮的绿皮面装帧的。
[baʊnd] adjective
DIRECTION 方向
[after verb]
■going to 正在到…去；准备前往…；开往…
• She was on a plane bound for Moscow when she became ill. 她在前往莫斯科的飞机上突然生病了。
[baʊnd] verb
JUMP 跳跃
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to move quickly with large jumping movements 跳跃；跳动；跳跃着前进
[baʊnd] verb
BORDER 分界线
transitive usually passive
■to mark or form the limits of 形成…的疆界；成为…的界线
• The village is bounded on one side by a river. 村庄的一边以一条河为界。
[baʊnd] verb
TIE past simple and past participle of
■ bind (TIE) 捆
[baʊnd] noun
JUMP 跳跃
countable
■a quick large jump 跃过
• With one bound the dog was over the fence. 那条狗一下就跃过了篱笆。
[baʊnd] noun
LIMIT 界限
bounds
[plural]
■legal or social limits （法律或社会的）界限，限制，限定区域
• The committee felt that newspaper coverage of the murder went beyond reasonable bounds. 委员会觉得报纸对谋杀案的报导超出了正常的范围。
• What you did was beyond/outside the bounds of acceptable behaviour. 你的所作所为令人无法接受。
• His desire for political power apparently knows no bounds (= seems to be unlimited). 他对政治权力的欲望显然没有止境。
be out of bounds
■If an area is out of bounds, people are not allowed to go there. （某地）禁止入内
skip, hop, spring, bound, leap, jump
这组词都有“跳，跳跃”的意思，其区别是：
skip: 指两脚交替轻地跳或跨的动作。
hop: 指单脚短跳或双足猛力的动作。也指小鸟、青蛙等的跳。
spring: 更强调有力和弹跳的运动。
bound: 多指向前向上或向下跳跃、奔跳。
leap: 常可与jump换用，但侧重身体猛力向上升起并朝前急冲的动作，有时含突然的意味。
jump: 是普通用词，指用双脚向上跳，向下跳，或在同一平面上跳到有一定距离的某一点上，或跳过。
adj. 有义务的；受约束的；装有封面的
 - controlled, liable
vt. 束缚；使跳跃
 - chain, jump, dance
n. 范围；跳跃
 - region, extent, scope, spectrum, territory, range, area
vi. 限制；弹起
 - to limit, be confined to

Word: botch
Front: botch
[bɒtʃ] (宝 17866/33338 -1)
Vocabulary: botch
(once / 4774 pages)
vn
If you botch something, you make a mess of it or you ruin it. If you totally botch your lines in the school play, you stammer and stutter your way through the whole thing.
Interestingly, the word botch originally meant the opposite of what it means today. The Middle English word bocchen meant to mend or repair. As a noun botch means an embarrassing mistake or something that is done poorly, especially due to lack of skill. If they've never painted before, your friends working on set design might make a complete botch of the scenery for the play, which might involve repainting the whole thing.
WORD FAMILY
botch: botched, botcher, botches, botching, botchy+/botcher: botchers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Just as his botched kick defied reason, so it was with Ernie Els on the first hole on the first day at the Masters.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
After local officials botched the investigation, the Justice Department intervened.
Washington Post(Dec 24, 2016)
But she says the officers posted two photos of the botched raid on Snapchat.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 拙劣的工作，笨活; 粗拙的补缀; [医]（皮肤上的）脓疱
vt. & vi. 粗拙地补缀，修补; 笨手笨脚地弄坏; 把…搞糟
时态：botched, botching, botches
分布：拙笨地修补(40%)，难看的补缀(30%)，糟蹋(20%)，拙笨的修补(10%)
→词源同bodge.
【记】读：抱吃。抱着一大堆东西吃，肯定一团糟。
US [bɑ:tʃ] (UK also bodge)
verb transitive
■to spoil something by doing it badly 笨手笨脚地弄糟
• We botched (up) our first attempt at wallpapering the bathroom. 我们第一次试着给浴室贴壁纸，结果一团糟。
UK [bɒtʃ] US [bɑ:tʃ] (UK also bodge)
noun countable (also botch-up UK ['bɒtʃ.ʌp] US ['bɑ:tʃ-]) (UK also bodge(-up))
■something that is spoilt by being done badly 笨手笨脚地弄糟
• The company made a series of botches before it went bankrupt. 公司犯了一系列愚蠢的错误后破产了。
• The concert was very badly organized. In fact, the whole thing was a real botch-up. 音乐会组织得极为混乱，事实上简直就是一团糟。
vt. 糟蹋；拙笨地修补；拙劣地拼凑
 - uglify, spoil

Word: overeat
Front: overeat
[ˌəʊvərˈi:t] (17831/36059 -1)
Back: vt. & vi. （使）吃得过多
时态：overate, overeaten, overeating, overeats
分布：吃过量(100%)
US [ˌoʊ.vɚ'i:t] (overate, overeaten)
verb intransitive
■to eat more food than your body needs, especially so that you feel uncomfortably full 吃得太多；（尤指）吃得过饱
vi. 吃得过多
 - stuff, glut

Word: legging
Front: legging
['legɪŋ] (17864/15832)
Back: n. （通常用复数）绑腿，裹腿，护胫
分布：绑腿(48%)，紧身裤(26%)，小孩穿的保暖裤(13%)，=leggin.(13%)
绑腿(leg腿)[-ing 1.表名词"状态"2.表名词"行业"3.表形容词"正…的","令人…的"]
N-COUNT
腿
A person or animal's legs are the long parts of their body that they use to stand on.
例：He was tapping his walking stick against his leg.他用手杖轻敲着腿。
N-COUNT
（裤）腿
The legs of a pair of trousers are the parts that cover your legs.
例：He moved on through wet grass that soaked his trouser legs.他继续前行，穿过湿漉漉的草地，裤腿全湿透了。
N-COUNT
（供食用动物的）腿肉
A leg of lamb, pork, chicken, or other meat is a piece of meat that consists of the animal's or bird's leg, especially the thigh.
例：...a chicken leg.鸡腿
例：...a leg of mutton.羊腿
N-COUNT
（桌、椅等家具的）腿，脚
The legs of a table, chair, or other piece of furniture are the parts that rest on the floor and support the furniture's weight.
例：His ankles were tied to the legs of the chair...他的脚脖子被绑在椅腿上。
例：The teak table has fluted legs.这张柚木桌子的桌腿有凹槽纹饰。
N-COUNT
一段路程；一段旅程
A leg of a long journey is one part of it, usually between two points where you stop.
例：The first leg of the journey was by boat to Lake Naivasha in Kenya.行程的首段是乘船到肯尼亚的奈瓦沙湖。
N-COUNT
（系列赛中的）一场，一轮，一段
A leg of a sports competition is one of a series of games that are played to find an overall winner.
例：The first round of the cup was decided over two legs...杯赛的首轮以两场分胜负。
例：They will televise both legs of Leeds' European Cup clash with Rangers.欧洲杯利兹联队与流浪者队的两场争夺战都将进行电视转播。
PHRASE
快跑；（尤指）逃开
If you leg it, you run very quickly, usually in order to escape from someone.
例：We saw some kids shinning up a drainpipe before legging it clutching a TV and hi-fi...我们看见几个年轻人爬上了排水管，后来就见他们提着一台电视机和音响跑掉了。
例：He was now to be seen legging it across the field.现在可以看到他快步跑过田地。
PHRASE
大势已去；玩儿完；没戏
If you say that something or someone is on their last legs, you mean that the period of time when they were successful or strong is ending.
例：This relationship is on its last legs.这段关系已经快玩儿完了。
PHRASE
戏弄；捉弄
If you are pulling someone's leg, you are teasing them by telling them something shocking or worrying as a joke.
例：Of course I won't tell them; I was only pulling your leg.我当然不会告诉他们啦。我跟你开玩笑的。
PHRASE
能够证实/无法证实；站得住脚/站不住脚
If you say that someone does not have a leg to stand on, or hasn't got a leg to stand on, you mean that a statement or claim they have made cannot be justified or proved.
例：It's only my word against his, I know. So I don't have a leg to stand on.现在是我和他各说各的，这我知道。所以我的话无法证实。
PHRASE
有持久力；有潜力
If an idea, plan, or activity has legs, it is likely to continue or succeed.
例：The American economy still has legs.美国经济仍可持续发展。
n. 绑腿；裹腿；护胫
 - gaiter, shinguard
v. 走；跑（leg的ing形式）
 - running

Word: emphysema
Front: emphysema
[ˌemfɪˈsi:mə] (17854/35722)
Vocabulary: emphysema
(once / 24171 pages)
n
Smoking can cause emphysema, a disease of the lungs that causes shortness of breath.
Emphysema comes from the Greek emphusan meaning "puff up." Emphasyma is a long-term disease that destroys the shape and function of the lungs. Some symptoms include a shortness of breath and an expanded or puffed up chest. Most people who have emphysema were smokers at some point in their lives, but it can also be caused by chronic bronchitis.
WORD FAMILY
emphysema: emphysematous
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Fabian, who suffered from emphysema and chronic lung failure, said he sold his truck to afford his $262 monthly premiums.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Researchers found virtually no change in the number of potentially preventable deaths for chronic lower respiratory disease, such as emphysema, bronchitis and asthma.
Washington Post(Nov 17, 2016)
We might reflect on human suffering from asthma, lung cancer, emphysema and other diseases caused by fossil fuel use.
Washington Times(Nov 04, 2016)
Back: n. 气肿，肺气肿
分布：肺气肿(100%)
→em-, 进入，使。-phys, 肿胀，膨胀，来自pu, 膨胀，拟声词，词源同puff.
noun uncountable
■a condition in which the small bags in the lungs become filled with too much air, causing breathing difficulties and heart problems 肺气肿
• Heavy cigarette smoking often causes emphysema. 抽烟过多常常导致肺气肿。

Word: midget
Front: midget
[ˈmɪdʒɪt] (宝 17846/23081)
Vocabulary: midget
(once / 5589 pages)
nadj
Midget is an offensive term for someone who is much smaller than average. While it's acceptable today to describe an inanimate object with the adjective midget, it's never okay to use the word for a person.
Long ago, people felt free to describe little people as midgets — for example, the actors who played the Munchkins in the 1939 movie "The Wizard of Oz" were routinely described as midgets. Today we'd avoid describing these actors by their physical characteristics, but if we did they'd be called "little people," "dwarfs," "LP," or even "people of short stature." Save midget for midget crabapples or midget submarines.
WORD FAMILY
midget: midgets
USAGE EXAMPLES
Growing up in Minneapolis, Johnson coached Midgets when he was 13 and local high school teams when he was in college.
New York Times(Dec 24, 2016)
He recalled watching the Great Lakes Invitational college tournament there with his father and skating there while playing midget hockey.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Local news organizations report that Sunday’s fire destroyed equipment used by the Seth Midget Football League.
Washington Times(Nov 15, 2016)
Back: n. 侏儒，小矮人
adj. 极小的，微型的
分布：侏儒(56%)，极小的(22%)，极小者(22%)
→来自midge,小虫，蠓，-et,小词后缀。比喻用法。
【记】mid中间，get得到－得到中间状态－没长高－侏儒et结尾的单词表示小：参gadget（n 小工具）
noun countable offensive
■a very small person 矮子，侏儒
['mɪdʒ.ɪt] adjective [before noun]
■describes an object that is much smaller than usual 极小的；小型的
• a midget submarine/car 小型潜艇／汽车
■US
■Midget sports are organized competitions for children 为儿童组织的（体育竞赛）
• Tyler wasn't interested in signing up for midget football. 泰勒对报名参加儿童足球比赛不感兴趣。
n. [内科] 侏儒；极小者
 - mannikin, manikin
adj. 小型的
 - pocket, miniative, baby-size

Word: habitation
Front: habitation
[ˌhæbɪˈteɪʃn] (17865/14815)
Vocabulary: habitation
(once / 657 pages)
n
Habitation is the state of living somewhere. When an area has no human habitation, it means that no people live there.
Use the noun habitation to talk about the place where a person or animal lives, or the process or act of living in a specific spot. You can say that your family's habitation in Oregon lasted for five years, although it's more common to talk in a general way about habitation. The habitation of wolves in the American west, for example, has increased recently. The Latin root is habitationem, "act of dwelling," which comes from habitare, "to live or to dwell."
WORD FAMILY
habitation: habitations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Nearly 85 percent were sleeping in places not meant for human habitation, like apartment laundry rooms, abandoned porches or their cars.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
To keep his insurance policy, he scheduled meetings with agents at restaurants instead of a structure deemed unfit for habitation.
Washington Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Gallo said the neighborhood was once an industrial zone and that many warehouses and vacant commercial buildings unfit for habitation remain.
Time(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: n. 居住; 住宅，家
分布：居住(86%)，住所(14%)
noun uncountable formal
■the act of living in a building 居住
unfit for human habitation
■describes a house that is too dirty or dangerous for people to be allowed to live in it （房屋）不适合人居住
home, building, residence, shelter, dwelling, habitation, house
这组词都有“居住处”的意思，其区别是：
home: 指永久住家时，带有家庭所特有的温暖、情感等气息。
building: 泛指一切建筑物，不限于居住的房子。
residence: 指大而堂皇的寓所或公馆，也指法律上的居住点。
shelter: 可指长期或临时的住处，也指简陋或临时搭建的躲避风雨的场所。
dwelling: 正式用词，仅指人们居住的任何建筑物。
habitation: 指长久或固定的住所或居住地。
house: 中性词，泛指一切供居住的建筑物，尤指适合一家一户居住的房屋。
n. 居住；住所
 - residence, place, occupancy

Word: weightless
Front: weightless
[ˈweɪtləs] (17859/24285)
Back: adj. 没有重量的，失重的，无重力的
分布：无重量的(55%)，无重力的(45%)
adjective
■having or appearing to have no weight 无重量的；失重的；似无重量的
• There is a lot of interest in carrying out experiments in the weightless conditions which are experienced aboard space stations. 在太空站那种失重状态下做实验非常有趣。
adj. [物] 失重的； [力] 无重量的
 - imponderable

Word: credo
Front: credo
[ˈkri:dəʊ] (宝 17871/23639)
Vocabulary: credo
(once / 7305 pages)
n
Credo is Latin for, literally, "I believe," and originally meant a particular religious belief. Now it has the far broader meaning of any system of principles that guide a person or group.
There's often a faintly jokey air to the word as used today, perhaps in recognition that it once popularly held such a high-minded meaning. A hedonist's credo might be simply "party on," or "enjoy the ride;" an actor's "the show must go on." Politicians have credos, and so too, presumably, do rappers and weather forecasters.
WORD FAMILY
credo: credos
USAGE EXAMPLES
Still, he remembers 2008 well and his credo remains the same.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Throughout his career he was guided by a straightforward credo, he said.
New York Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Father Benedict had changed things in the parish, such as insisting that the Credo and kyrie be recited only in Latin; Igbo was not acceptable.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
Back: n. 信经，信条
分布：信条(100%)
→来自词根cred, 相信，信任，来自kerd-dhe, 来自*kerd,心，见heart, *dhe, 给予，放置，词源同date, donate.
信条(creed的变体)[creed,cred=believe,trust,表示"相信,信任"]
【记】cred相信，信任
【参】creed（n 信条）
N-COUNT
信条;教义
A credo is a set of beliefs, principles, or opinions that strongly influence the way a person lives or works.
例：Lord Clarendon's liberal credo was one of the foundations of his political conduct.克拉伦登勋爵的自由主义信条是他从事政治活动的一大基础。
n. 信条，教义
 - belief, teaching, doctrine, creed, tenet

Word: gentleness
Front: gentleness
['dʒentlnəs] (17873/15939)
Vocabulary: gentleness
(once / 831 pages)
n
Gentleness is the quality of being kind and careful. Your gentleness with a frightened stray dog will eventually convince her to let you feed and pet her.
The noun gentleness is perfect for describing the way someone acts when they are soft and calm and sweet to other people. A good kindergarten teacher speaks to his students with gentleness, and your favorite dentist might be one who treats you with gentleness. The original meaning, from around 1300, was "inherited nature," but by the 1600s it had come to mean "freedom from harshness and violence," with the Latin root gentilis, "of the same family or clan."
WORD FAMILY
gentleness: gentlenesses+/ gentility: gentilities/ gentle: gentility, gentled, gentlely, gentleness, gentler, gentles, gentlest, gentling, gently, ungentle/ungentle: ungently
USAGE EXAMPLES
It also served as a bond between nephew and uncle, a man whose gentleness was a gift all its own.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
“We are taught to walk with gentleness,” added a young Lakota woman who braves mace, tear gas, and rubber bullets on the protest’s front line.
Time(Nov 29, 2016)
They need to see a little gentleness and good intent.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 18, 2016)
Back: n. 温和; 和善; 彬彬有礼; 高贵
分布：温柔(68%)，温和(32%)
【参】gentry（n 贵族们）
ADJ-GRADED
文静的；温和的；和蔼的
Someone who is gentle is kind, mild, and calm.
例：My son was a quiet and gentle man who liked sports and enjoyed life...我儿子是个安静温和的人，喜欢运动和享受生活。
例：Michael's voice was gentle and consoling.迈克尔的嗓音轻柔而且抚慰人心。
ADJ-GRADED
（动作）轻柔的，徐缓的
Gentle actions or movements are performed in a calm and controlled manner, with little force.
例：...a gentle game of tennis...不激烈的网球比赛
例：His movements were gentle and deliberate.他的动作舒缓而从容。
ADJ-GRADED
（天气）温和的； （尤指风）和煦的，微弱的
If you describe the weather, especially the wind, as gentle, you mean it is pleasant and calm and not harsh or violent.
例：The blustery winds of spring had dropped to a gentle breeze.呼啸的春风已经减弱，成了习习的微风。
ADJ-GRADED
（斜坡或弯道）平缓的，不陡的
A gentle slope or curve is not steep or severe.
例：...gentle, rolling meadows...缓缓起伏的牧场
例：There were two passes over 13,000 feet but the slopes were gentle.有两个超过13,000英尺的山口，但坡度平缓。
ADJ-GRADED
微热的
A gentle heat is a fairly low heat.
例：Cook for 30 minutes over a gentle heat.用文火煮30分钟。
n. 温顺；亲切；高贵；彬彬有礼
 - dignity, meekness

Word: magenta
Front: magenta
[məˈdʒentə] (宝 17863/34445)
Vocabulary: magenta
(once / 20809 pages)
nadj
Magenta is a bright reddish-purple color. If you dye your hair magenta, you'll really stand out in a crowd.
Magenta is a shade that's related to colors like fire engine-red and hot pink — it's deep and bold. The color called fuchsia is nearly the same, a mixture of red and blue that's across from green on a color wheel (in other words, green is magenta's complementary color). Magenta-colored dye was first produced in the 1850s, and the color was named after the 1859 "Battle of Magenta" in the Second Italian War of Independence.
WORD FAMILY
magenta: magentas
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I think it shows commitment and dedication. A level of seriousness despite all of the glitter and magenta.”
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Sager sported suits in every color of the rainbow and plenty of shades not found in nature, from teal to fuchsia to magenta.
Washington Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Plus some amethyst-colored eggplants, a couple of heads of aromatic elephant garlic and some deep magenta okra.
Washington Post(Nov 22, 2016)
Back: n. 品红，洋红; 品红染料
adj. 紫红色的，洋红色的
分布：碱性品红(100%)
→因发现于意大利地名Magenta而得名，原指一种紫红色的染料，后用于形容词使用。
【记】源自马真塔，意大利西北一城镇，l598年在此发现紫红色染料mag作为词根是“大”的意思，大红大紫－紫红色
【参】magnify（v 放大；赞美）
adjective
■of a dark reddish purple colour 深紫红色的，洋红色的
n. [染料] 品红；洋红；红色苯胺染料
 - rubin, solferino
adj. 洋红色的； [染料] 品红色的
 - carmine

Word: molded
Front: molded
['məʊldɪd] (17856/-)
Back: 模塑的
分布：模塑的(100%)

Word: excision
Front: excision
[ɪkˈsɪʒn] (17909/27956)
Back: n. 切除，删除; 切除术; 切割; 分割
分布：切除(94%)，删除(4%)，切除之物(2%)
删除,灭绝(excise+ion)[cid,cis=cut,kill,表示"切开,杀"]
N-VAR
国内货物税;消费税
Excise is a tax that the government of a country puts on particular goods, such as cigarettes and alcoholic drinks, which are produced for sale in its own country.
例：...this year's rise in excise duties...今年消费税的提高
例：New car buyers and smokers will be hit by increases in taxes and excise.税率和消费税的提高将使新车买主和烟民受到打击。
VERB
切除;删除;消除
If someone excises something, they remove it deliberately and completely.
例：...a personal crusade to excise racist and sexist references in newspapers.消除报纸中涉及种族和性别歧视内容的个人努力
例：...the question of permanently excising madness from the world.关于永久清除世界上疯狂举动的问题
n. 删除， [外科] [生化] 切除；切除之物
 - cancellation, deletion

Word: pathos
Front: pathos
[ˈpeɪθɒs] (雅宝 17870/19075 -1)
Vocabulary: pathos
(once / 296 pages)
n
Pathos is a quality that stirs emotions. A song with a lot of pathos hits you right in the heart.
You ever notice how some songs or movies appeal to your brains, while others appeal to your feelings? The ones that are all about feeling are full of pathos, an appeal to emotions that originally meant "suffering" in Greek. Often, this word has to do specifically with pity and sympathy: when someone tells a story about people suffering that makes you feel for them, that's pathos.
WORD FAMILY
pathos: pathetic +/ pathetic: pathetically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Wearing a wig and gag false teeth, he crashes Ines' social obligations, creating numerous script opportunities for pathos, slapstick and surrealism.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Meanwhile Lawrence’s Aurora, through no fault of her own, is so banal that the movie’s pathos frosts over as soon as she begins talking.
Slate(Dec 20, 2016)
Instead it uses vulgar humor and pathos to interrogate the desires of black women with honesty.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 悲怆，哀婉，凄楚，伤感; 痛苦; 同情
分布：感伤(48%)，悲怅(29%)，悲情(23%)
→来自希腊语pathos,忍受，疾病，来自pei,伤害，词源同pathetic,patient.引申词义痛苦，同情，感染力等。
悲哀(path痛苦+os表名词)[path=feeling,suffering,illness,表示"感情,痛苦,病"]
US [-θɑ:s] literary
noun uncountable
■the power of a situation, piece of writing, work of art or person to cause feelings of sadness, especially because of sympathy （境况、文章、艺术品或人的）感染力
• There's a pathos in his performance which he never lets slide into sentimentality. 他的表演有一种感染力，而他从不让这种感染力变成过分的感伤。
n. 悲怅；痛苦；同情；哀婉动人的词句
 - smart, feeling, hurt, compassion, sympathy

Word: Aztec

Word: custodial
Front: custodial
[kʌˈstəʊdiəl] (17876/16607)
Vocabulary: custodial
(once / 45635 pages)
adj
Someone whose job or task is custodial is supposed to take care of you. A babysitter's job is custodial.
A guardian or caregiver of any kind has a custodial duty — he or she supervises and protects another person, usually a child. After a divorce, there's sometimes only one custodial parent, while the other only visits occasionally. When a criminal is sent to prison, it's often called a "custodial sentence," because the convicted person is being watched over and supervised in jail. The Latin root is custodia, "guarding or keeping."
WORD FAMILY
custody: custodial, custodies
USAGE EXAMPLES
The children were killed after being abducted from their custodial grandparents’ home.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
On Monday, the rights group released a 114-page report which examines "police disregard for arrest regulations, custodial deaths from torture, and impunity for those responsible".
BBC(Dec 19, 2016)
The police spokesman said his conviction was the first custodial sentence to arise from the two organisations working together.
BBC(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 保管的，保管人的
n. 圣物保管容器
分布：保管的(47%)，保管人的(40%)，监禁的(13%)
US [-'toʊ-] adjective
PRISON
custodial sentence
■a period of time that someone must stay in prison 监禁判决
UK [kʌs'təʊ.di.əl] US [-'toʊ-] adjective
CARE 保护
■relating to the legal right to care for someone or something, especially a child 照管的；监护的；具有监护权的（尤指对小孩的）
• custodial care 看护
adj. 保管的；保管人的
 - depository

Word: loon
Front: loon
[lu:n] (宝 17823/33736)
Back: n. 潜鸟; <口>狂人
分布：潜鸟(100%)
→词源不详，可能来自拟声词，模仿尖利的鸟叫声。俚语傻鸟，笨蛋。
n. [鸟] 潜鸟；懒人；笨蛋
 - simple, turkey, put

Word: cauliflower
Front: cauliflower
[ˈkɒliflaʊə(r)] (17817/21481 -1)
Vocabulary: cauliflower
(once / 3783 pages)
n
Cauliflower is a distinctive white vegetable that's related to broccoli and cabbage. Many Indian dishes include cauliflower.
A head of cauliflower is made up of many dense, white, flower-like clusters, and occasionally cauliflower comes in varieties that are slightly purple or green. Cauliflower can be eaten raw, steamed, roasted, grilled or sauteed. In the 1590s, it was originally called cole florye, from the Italian cavoli fiori, "flowered cabbage."
WORD FAMILY
cauliflower: cauliflowers
USAGE EXAMPLES
A one-day soup cleanse incorporates bottles of cauliflower coconut, carrot turmeric and a shiitake mushroom vegan bone broth. Priced from $55 for five soups.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Dig into a vegan lasagna with cashew ricotta or a cauliflower and sprouted chickpea hummus bowl — your healthful meal surrounded by high fashion.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Recipes, packaged snacks and other foods of a certain hue include purple asparagus, purple cauliflower, purple sweet potatoes, black rice, acai and more.
Time(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. [植]花椰菜; 菜花
分布：花椰菜(100%)
→拉丁词caulis, 茎，干，白菜，词源同kale, coleslaw。
花菜(从根上长出花来)[caul=stem(根,杆)]
US ['kɑ:.lɪˌflaʊr/ (UK informal cauli)
noun countable or uncountable
■a large round white vegetable which is eaten cooked or raw 花椰菜，菜花，椰菜花
n. 花椰菜， [园艺] 菜花
 - broccoli

Word: mucus
Front: mucus
[ˈmju:kəs] (17872/15902 -1)
Vocabulary: mucus
(once / 2864 pages)
n
Mucus is snot and other slime from inside your body. More specifically, mucus is a secretion of your body's mucus membranes that lubricates the inside of your body and helps protect you from bacteria. You’re welcome.
Even the history of the word mucus is gross — roots from Greek and Latin all mean “snot” and “slippery, slimy.” Mucus drips out of your nose and even slips down your throat when you’re sick. This happens because your membranes produce too much mucus when you’re sick. Mucus isn’t all bad though — your body uses it to help food go down your throat easier, and it keeps bacteria out. Mucus is gross, but germs are worse!
WORD FAMILY
mucus: mucous
USAGE EXAMPLES
Your airways are lined with hairlike cilia that consolidate microbes and mucus and help move it toward the exit.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Cystic fibrosis causes a thick buildup of mucus in the lungs, pancreas and other organs.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
He explained that Wiggins was sent a drug called fluimucil, designed to break up mucus in the lungs, but offered no further proof.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 粘液; （动植物的）黏液
分布：黏液(100%)
→来自拉丁语mucus,鼻涕，黏液，来自meug,黏的，黏滑的，词源同muggy,match,muck.
noun uncountable
■a thick liquid produced inside the nose and other parts of the body （黏膜分泌的）黏液
• This drug reduces mucus production in the gut. 这种药可以减少肠道的黏液分泌。
n. 粘液；黏液
 - grume, phlegm

Word: gray-haired
Front: gray-haired
None None
Back: 灰（白）头发
分布：白发苍苍的(50%)，老的(50%)

Word: piss
Front: piss
[pɪs] (8598/8297 -2)
Back: n. 尿; 小便
vi. 撒尿; 倾盆而下
vt. 撒尿弄脏
时态：pissed, pissing, pisses
分布：尿(49%)，小便(36%)，走开(5%)，使厌烦(5%)，使生气(5%)
→拟声词，撒尿声。
[pɪs] offensive
noun [S or U]
■urine 尿，小便
• There was piss all over the floor. 地板上到处是尿。
• I need a piss. 我要去小便。
• He's having a piss. 他正在小便。
[pɪs] offensive
noun [S or U]
take the piss (out of) sb or sth UK offensive
■to make a joke about someone or make them look silly 取笑
• They're always taking the piss out of him because he's a Barry Manilow fan. 他们总是取笑他，因为他是巴瑞‧曼尼洛的狂热崇拜者。
[pɪs] offensive
verb intransitive
■to pass urine 撒尿，解小便
• That dog keeps pissing on our fence. 那只狗总是在我们的栅栏上撒尿。
piss yourself
■to urinate over yourself and the clothes you are wearing 尿裤子
[pɪs] offensive
verb intransitive
be pissing in the wind
■to be trying to do something when there is no hope of succeeding 浪费时间做不可能成功的事，白费心机
• You can try to change her mind if you like, but you'll be pissing in the wind. 你愿意的话可以试着让她改变主意，但你只会是浪费时间。
[pɪs] offensive
verb intransitive
piss yourself (laughing)
■to laugh very much 大笑不止；笑破肚皮
• There I was writhing in agony on the floor and you lot were pissing yourselves laughing! 当时我痛苦得在地上翻滚，而你们这群人却笑得前仰后翻！
[pɪs] offensive
verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  intransitive or transitive piss (sb) about/around UK offensive
■to behave in a stupid way or to treat someone badly 无所事事；游手好闲；粗暴地对待（某人）
• Look, we haven't got much time so stop pissing about. 听着，我们时间不多了，别再无所事事地浪费时间了。
• Stop pissing me about and just tell me where they are. 别再浪费我的时间了，告诉我他们在哪里。
[pɪs] offensive
verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] piss sth away
■to waste an opportunity 浪费（机会）
• This is your last chance to win the league so don't piss it away. 这是你们赢得联赛的最后机会，别浪费了。
[pɪs] offensive
verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  intransitive piss down UK offensive
■to rain heavily 下大雨
• It 's really pissing (it) down here at the moment. 此时这里正下着滂沱大雨。
[pɪs] offensive
verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  piss off UK offensive
■to leave or go away, used especially as a rude way of telling someone to go away 溜走；滚开
• Everyone just pissed off and left me to clean up. 大家都溜走了，留下我一个人来打扫。
• Why don't you just piss off - you've caused enough problems already! 你为甚么不滚开呢——你惹的麻烦已经够多了！
[pɪs] offensive
verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  piss sb off (also pee sb off)
■to annoy someone 令（某人）恼火
• He never does any washing-up and it's starting to piss me off. 他从来不洗碗，这开始让我恼火了。
vi. 小便
 - pass water, urinate
n. 小便
 - pumpship, pee-pee
int. 呸！
 - shucks

Word: shutout
Front: shutout
[ˈʃʌtaʊt] (17727/-)
Back: n. 关厂; 关店; 停业; 被关在外面的人
分布：停业(40%)，关厂(20%)，关店(10%)，=lockout.(10%)，对方得零分的比赛(10%)，关在外面(10%)
US ['ʃʌtˌ-] US
noun countable
■a situation in a sports competition in which a player or team wins without the other player or team scoring any points 输方一分未得的比赛
n. [经] 停业；关厂；被关在外面的人；使对方无法得分的比赛
 - close-down, lock-out

Word: narcissistic
Front: narcissistic
[ˌnɑ:sɪ'sɪstɪk] (17882/25361)
Vocabulary: narcissistic
(once / 24988 pages)
adj
If you can’t stop talking about yourself and obsess constantly about the way you look, you could be exhibiting narcissistic tendencies, meaning you're obsessed with yourself, especially your outside appearance.
Scholarly types may know that the word narcissistic is related to the Greek myth of Narcissus, a boy known for his good looks who after angered the gods, fell in love with his reflection in a pool. Narcissus wasted away there, too fascinated with his looks to save his own life. A narcissistic person may suffer a similar fate. The adjective narcissistic describes those who are excessively self-absorbed, especially about their looks.
WORD FAMILY
narcissistic: narcissistically+/ narcissism: narcissist, narcissistic / narcissist: narcissists
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Postcards From the Edge” was Ms. Fisher’s roman à clef that portrayed Ms. Reynolds as a kind of nonchalant, casually narcissistic gorgon of a mother.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
He’s the chef on the red phone, sounding like a thuggish surfer dude as he narcissistically flexes his biceps.
Washington Post(Dec 13, 2016)
Of course, Trump’s narcissistic ego wasn’t all too pleased with that subtitle.
Salon(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: adj. 自我陶醉的，自恋的，自我崇拜的
分布：自我陶醉的(62%)，孤芳自赏的(38%)
ADJ-GRADED
自我陶醉的;自我欣赏的
If you describe someone as narcissistic, you disapprove of them because they think about themselves a lot and admire themselves too much.
例：He was insufferable at times — self-centred and narcissistic.他有时让人难以容忍——自我中心，自我陶醉。
例：...the image of the vain, narcissistic man.自负自恋的男人形象

Word: hysterically
Front: hysterically
[hɪ'sterɪklɪ] (17880/19627)
Back: adv. 歇斯底里地
分布：歇斯底里地(100%)
ADJ-GRADED
歇斯底里的;情绪狂暴失控的
Someone who is hysterical is in a state of uncontrolled excitement, anger, or panic.
例：Police and bodyguards had to protect him as the almost hysterical crowds struggled to approach him...当情绪几近失控的人群拼命想接近他时，警察和保镖不得不保护他。
例：He made headlines and received hysterical hate mail.他成了新闻人物，收到了疯狂的攻击性邮件。
ADJ-GRADED
癔病的;（通常指因惊吓而）情绪异常激动的
Someone who is hysterical is in a state of violent and disturbed emotion that is usually a result of shock.
例：I suffered bouts of really hysterical depression.我曾患阵发的严重癔病性抑郁症。
ADJ
（笑声）疯狂失控的，不可抑制的
Hysterical laughter is loud and uncontrolled.
例：I had to rush to the loo to avoid an attack of hysterical giggles.我不得不冲向卫生间，以免遭到别人的疯狂嘲笑。
ADJ-GRADED
极可笑的;非常滑稽的
If you describe something or someone as hysterical, you think that they are very funny and they make you laugh a lot.
例：Paul Mazursky was Master of Ceremonies, and he was pretty hysterical.保罗·马祖尔斯基担任司仪，他简直把人笑坏了。

Word: amphibious
Front: amphibious
[æmˈfɪbiəs] (17848/26138 -1)
Vocabulary: amphibious
(once / 5475 pages)
adj
If you can drive your car down the highway and then go off road and ford a few rivers, too, you've got an amphibious vehicle — something that works on land and in the water, too.
Amphibious also describes animals that can live on land or in the water — like frogs and toads — and comes from the Greek roots amphi "both" and bios "life." Military operations where both your army and your navy are involved — one attacking by land and the other by sea — are called amphibious assaults or amphibious operations.
WORD FAMILY
amphibious: amphibiously+/amphibia: amphibious
USAGE EXAMPLES
However, foreign companies have shown interest in MHI's gear technology and water jet propulsion systems to drive armored amphibious vehicles, industry sources earlier told Reuters.
Reuters(Nov 25, 2016)
Visaya said the scrapped drills include an Amphibious Landing Exercise and Cooperation Afloat Readiness and Training, both major naval exercises that include territorial defense training.
Seattle Times(Nov 23, 2016)
Also, a second Amphibious Ready Group of three ships and 2,500 Marines will be deployed in Japan by 2019.
Washington Times(Nov 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 两栖的; 水陆两用的; 两栖作战的; 具有双重性的
分布：具有双重性的(100%)
adjective
■of or relating to a type of animal which lives both on land and in water （动物）水陆两栖的
• amphibious animals 两栖动物
■relating to vehicles which operate both on land or in water 水陆两用的
• amphibious vehicles/aircraft 水陆两用车辆／飞机
• an amphibious landing/attack (= from the sea onto the land) 两栖登陆／进攻

Word: uncharacteristically
Front: uncharacteristically
[,ʌn,kæriktə'ristikli] (17883/19770)
Back: adv. 不典型地；非同寻常地
分布：不典型的(50%)，无典型特征的(50%)
ADJ-GRADED
不典型的；不代表…的特征的；反常的
If you describe something as uncharacteristic of someone, you mean that it is not typical of them.
例：It was uncharacteristic of her father to disappear like this.就这样消失不像她父亲的一贯作风。
例：...an uncharacteristic lack of modesty.反常的不谦逊

Word: repaint
Front: repaint
[ri:'peɪnt] (17886/19171)
Back: vt. 再次（重新）油漆，再次（重新）画; 恢复…原来的色彩
n. 重新涂漆的东西
时态：repainted, repainting, repaints
分布：重画(100%)
vt. 重画；重新绘制；重漆
 - redraw

Word: neurosurgeon
Front: neurosurgeon
[ˌnjʊərəʊ'sɜ:dʒən] (17879/38535)
Back: n. 神经外科医生
分布：神经外科医生(100%)
US ['nʊr.oʊˌsɝ:-] noun countable
■a doctor who performs operations involving the brain or nerves 神经外科医生

Word: salamander
Front: salamander
[ˈsæləmændə(r)] (17804/25914)
Vocabulary: salamander
(once / 5581 pages)
1n 2n 3n
A salamander is a small amphibian that looks a lot like a lizard and lives mainly on land. They look cute in a terrarium and less cute on your bathroom floor.
Originally, the salamander was believed to have an amazing ability: that it could survive fire, and some said it lived in fire. That turned out to be a myth, but the salamander does possess the ability to live on land or in water, because it is an amphibian. Salamanders look a lot like lizards and a little like newts. They live most of the time on the land and only go into water when it's time to breed.
WORD FAMILY
salamander: salamanders
USAGE EXAMPLES
“We found the hellbender salamander this summer,” she added.
Washington Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Picture this: a salamander and a mouse both lose a limb in an accident.
Nature(Dec 06, 2016)
Macrophages, for example, a cell type long identified with chronic inflammation, are necessary for limb regeneration in salamanders.
Nature(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: n. 火蜥蜴，火怪，耐火的人
分布：蝾螈(68%)，火蜥蜴(25%)，能耐高温的物件(7%)
→来自拉丁语 salamandra,来自希腊语 salamandra,蝾螈，一种传说中不怕火的蜥蜴。
US [-dɚ] noun countable
■a small animal which looks like a lizard but has soft skin and lives both on land and in water 蝾螈
n. 火蜥蜴；蝾螈目动物；耐火的人；烤箱
 - toaster oven, cabinet oven

Word: trickster
Front: trickster
[ˈtrɪkstə(r)] (17721/23455)
Back: n. 骗子，无赖
分布：骗子(57%)，魔术师(33%)，狡猾的人(10%)
→trick,花招，把戏，-ster,人，含贬义。
US [-stɚ] disapproving
noun countable
■a person who deceives people 骗子
• a confidence trickster 靠赢取别人信任来行骗的人
n. [法] 骗子；魔术师
 - fraud, sharp

Word: dashing
Front: dashing
[ˈdæʃɪŋ] (17888/18507 -1)
Vocabulary: dashing
(once / 729 pages)
adj
Someone who's dashing is stylish, with a certain bold, attractive spirit. Your dashing uncle might charm and impress your friends with his stories of travels around the world and his fashionable outfits.
Characters in old books are frequently dashing — adventurous and gallant, like a dashing hero on a white horse or a dashing pirate seeking his fortune at sea. The adjective dashing is almost always used to describe men, and for that reason it's a bit old-fashioned. In the 18th and 19th centuries "to cut a dash" meant "to act brilliantly" or "to give a showy appearance," and dashing came from this meaning.
WORD FAMILY
dashing: dashingest, dashingly+/ dash: dashed, dashes, dashing /dashed: dashedest
USAGE EXAMPLES
That way, she said, “the story of the handsome, dashing caballero figure will continue to be relevant.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
No need to be that person dashing down the sidewalk in despair.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Packers quarterback Aaron Rodgers won’t be dashing downfield with his newly acquired hamstring injury.
New York Times(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: adj. 时髦的，华丽的; 劲头十足的; 打扮漂亮的; 勇敢的，有锐气的
v. 冲，猛冲(dash的现在分词); 猛掷
分布：时髦的(72%)，动词dash的现在分词形式.(14%)，冲劲足的(14%)
→来自dash的俚语义，向前冲，潇洒的。
【记】dash（v 急冲，突进）
old-fashioned
adjective
■attractive in a confident, exciting and stylish way 气盛的；气派的；潇洒的
• a dashing young soldier 年轻气盛的战士
adj. 时髦的，华丽的；雄纠纠的；劲头十足的
 - modern, fashionable, tony, in, magnificent
v. 急奔；猛掷（dash的ing形式）
 - hurtling

Word: cannibal
Front: cannibal
[ˈkænɪbl] (17643/21515 -1)
Vocabulary: cannibal
(once / 1427 pages)
n
A cannibal is someone who eats human flesh. It’s a good idea not to get too friendly with one, especially if you’re covered in delicious-smelling spices.
The word cannibal comes from the Spanish word caníbalis, which was Christopher Columbus’s version of the word Caribs, the name people from the Caribbean called themselves. They meant Carib as in “brave ones” so something got lost in translation! Most cannibals are fictional — like Queequeg from Moby Dick or Hannibal Lecter from The Silence of the Lambs. This word can apply to animals that eat their own kind: for example, the cannibal shrimp eats other shrimp. Ew.
WORD FAMILY
cannibal: cannibalic, cannibalise, cannibalism, cannibalistic, cannibalize, cannibals+/cannibalise: cannibalising/ cannibalism: cannibalisms/cannibalistic: cannibalistically/cannibalize: cannibalized, cannibalizes, cannibalizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The court rejected a complaint brought by Mr Dzhugashvili over an article accusing the Soviet leader of being a "bloodthirsty cannibal".
BBC(Dec 22, 2016)
He said blacks were cannibals, barbarians and savages in Africa and it was foolish to think they would be any different in the United States.
Seattle Times(Nov 14, 2016)
Quail are just jerks sometimes, turning into cannibals if they get overheated or are not fed enough protein.
The New Yorker(Nov 03, 2016)
Back: n. 食人者; 同类相食的动物
adj. 食人者的; 同类相食的; 凶残的
分布：食人者(67%)，吃同类的动物(33%)
→来自Caribbean拼写变体。因早期欧洲殖民者认为加勒比海地区土著居民以人为食，而将该词带入英语。
【源】来自Carib加勒比人(南美洲东北部印第安人)是一个有食人习惯的部族
【记】读：啃你吧－食人者
【参】cannibalism（n 自相残杀，同类相食）
noun countable
■a person who eats human flesh, or an animal which eats the flesh of animals of its own type 食人肉者；同类相食的动物
n. 食人者；吃同类的动物
 - man-eater
adj. 食同类的；吃人肉的；凶残的
 - murderous, lupine

Word: biochemistry
Front: biochemistry
[ˌbaɪəʊˈkemɪstri] (高托 17884/16248 -1)
Back: n. 生物化学; 生物化学成份
分布：生物化学(100%)
生物化学[bio,bi=life,表示"生命,生物"]
US [-oʊ-] noun uncountable
■the scientific study of the chemistry of living things 生物化学
n. [生化] 生物化学
 - biological chemistry

Word: nettle
Front: nettle
[ˈnetl] (托宝 17834/11428 -1)
Vocabulary: nettle
(once / 1725 pages)
nv
If you know what a nettle is—that is, a barbed seed that gets stuck in your clothes and hair—then you'll have no trouble remembering the verb nettle: it means to annoy, bother, irritate, or bedevil.
A kid sister, a mosquito, an angry boyfriend, or a hot, muggy day: all of these are examples of things that might nettle a person. When you nettle someone, you act like a nettle; you annoy, bother, and generally tick off a person. The person who nettles you can be called nettlesome, which means that they're acting like a nettle. I find that the very sound of his voice nettles me. The sound alone makes me wish he would just shut up.
WORD FAMILY
nettle: nettled, nettles, nettlesome, nettling+/nettlesome: nettlesomely
USAGE EXAMPLES
Nettles said that because local prosecutors were already seeking the death penalty for Roof, it was unnecessary for the federal government to do the same.
Washington Post(Dec 06, 2016)
Jennifer Nettles hosts this holiday music special for a seventh year.
Seattle Times(Nov 28, 2016)
Mr. Nettles otherwise declined to discuss the case.
New York Times(Nov 26, 2016)
Back: n. 荨麻; 〈比喻〉使人烦恼的事
v. 拿荨麻打，拿荨麻刺; 激怒，惹恼
时态：nettled, nettling, nettles
分布：荨麻(80%)，激怒(16%)，以荨麻刺(4%)
→来自net,网。即织网的材料，用于指荨麻。
【记】net网，tle读：头－头被网住了－激怒
【反】conciliate（v 安慰）；mollify（v 平息）
US ['netˌ-] noun countable
■a wild plant with heart-shaped leaves that are covered in hairs which sting 荨麻
• stinging nettles 刺人的荨麻
• nettle soup/tea 荨麻汤／茶
UK ['net.l] US ['netˌ-] verb transitive often passive mainly UK
■to make someone annoyed or slightly angry 激怒，惹恼
• She looked up at me sharply, clearly nettled by the interruption. 她抬起头狠狠地瞪着我，显然是被我插话打断她的举动激怒了。
vt. 剌激；惹恼；用荨麻刺
 - brown off
n. [皮肤] [植] 荨麻
 - smartweed

Word: ten-year
Front: ten-year
None None
Back: [网络] 十年的；没有连接符号
分布：十年(100%)

Word: tuber
Front: tuber
[ˈtju:bə(r)] (宝 17869/25832 -1)
Back: n. （植物的）块茎; 结节
分布：块茎(80%)，隆起(8%)，肿胀(8%)，球根(4%)
→来自拉丁语 tuber,块状物，块茎，可食根，来自 tubh,扩展自 teue,鼓起，膨胀，词源 同 tumid,thigh.
【记】protuberant（adj 突起的；隆起的）源于：tuber肿块
US ['tu:.bɚ] noun countable
■a swollen underground stem or root of a plant from which new plants can grow, as in the potato （马铃薯等植物的）块茎
n. [植] 块茎；隆起
 - mons, apophysis

Word: coveralls
Front: coveralls
[ˈkʌvərɔ:lz] (17695/-)
Back: n. 工装裤
分布：名词(100%)
US [-ɚ.ɑ:lz] plural noun US for boiler suit

Word: furtive
Front: furtive
[ˈfɜ:tɪv] (宝 17887/16387 -1)
Vocabulary: furtive
(once / 1024 pages)
adj
If you're looking for a formal adjective to describe something sly or secret, sneak in furtive. Let's hope the teacher doesn't see your furtive attempts to pass notes in class!
The adjective, furtive, is related to fūrtum, the Latin word for theft or robbery. This is apparent as the expressions "to give someone a furtive glance" and "to steal a glance at someone" mean the same thing. If a person's manner is furtive, he or she is acting suspiciously. Secret, stealthy and sly are all similar in meaning, but they lack this image of a thief's actions.
WORD FAMILY
furtive: furtively, furtiveness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Meanwhile, Lowe was planning a furtive operation of his own.
The New Yorker(Nov 20, 2016)
Marianne and Paul’s bliss is soon rather violently commandeered by wandering glances and furtive caresses.
New York Times(Nov 20, 2016)
A furtive look, a stunned speechlessness, an admission that sticks in the throat before it can get out — they all communicate volumes here.
Seattle Times(Nov 08, 2016)
Back: adj. 鬼鬼祟祟的; 诡诈的; 贼头贼脑
分布：偷偷的(100%)
→来自拉丁语fur, 小偷，贼。进一步来自bher, 携带，带来，词源同bring, infer.
偷偷摸摸的[furt=steal(偷)]
【反】open（adj 坦率的）；sublime（adj 庄严崇高的）『worthless』；forthright（adj 直接的；直率坦白的）；brassy（adj 厚脸皮的）
US ['fɝ:.tˌɪv] adjective
■(of people) behaving secretly and often dishonestly, or (of actions) done secretly and often dishonestly （人）偷偷摸摸的；鬼鬼祟祟的；（行动）秘密的
• I saw him cast a furtive glance at the woman at the table to his right. 我看到他偷偷地扫了一眼坐在他右边桌子旁的女人。
• He made one or two furtive phone calls. 他鬼鬼祟祟地打了一两个电话。
• There was something furtive about his behaviour and I immediately felt suspicious. 他鬼鬼祟祟的，我马上觉得有些可疑。
adj. 鬼鬼祟祟的，秘密的
 - secret, underground, chamber, inside, cabinet

Word: democratize
Front: democratize
[dɪˈmɒkrətaɪz] (17881/35210)
Vocabulary: democratize
(once / 11622 pages)
v
To democratize is to make an organization more democratic, supporting a system in which all citizens have a voice or a vote. When you democratize your school French club, you allow every member to vote on each decision.
You'll most often see the verb democratize in the context of world politics, when countries that have historically not been democracies change their governments to be more democratic. In many cases, other countries, such as the US, try to influence such governments to make this change: they democratize them, in other words. The word democratize comes from the Greek root demokratia, "popular government," from demos, "common people," and kratos, "rule."
WORD FAMILY
democratize: democratization, democratized, democratizes, democratizing+/ democracy: democracies, democratic, democratise, democratize / democrat: democracy, democrats/ democratic: democratically, undemocratic/democratise: democratisation, democratised, democratising/undemocratic: undemocratically
USAGE EXAMPLES
“The internet democratized the playing field,” she said.
New York Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Park is only the second president to be impeached since South Korea democratized in 1987.
Washington Post(Dec 08, 2016)
Instead, she became the least-popular leader since the country began democratizing in the late 1980s, according to recent polls.
Seattle Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: v. （使）民主化
时态：democratized, democratizing, democratizes
分布：使民主化(100%)
[见上,-ize...化]民主化;使民主化[popul-人民;dem(o)人民]
US [-'mɑ:.krə-] verb transitive
■to make countries or organizations use democratic ways of making decisions 使（国家或组织）民主化
• It's about time we democratized the organization of this company. 我们公司是时候对组织形式进行民主化改造了。

Word: hem
Front: hem
[hem] (托宝 11030/12670 -1)
Vocabulary: hem
(once / 654 pages)
1nv 2nv
When kids grow taller, their parents sometimes have to let out the hem in their pants so they'll be long enough. The hem is the very bottom, folded edge of a piece of clothing.
Most of your clothes have at least one hem in them — at the ends of your sleeves, the bottom of your skirt, or along the edge of your t-shirt. When a person sews a hem, whether he's making a dress or a pair of curtains, he folds a very small amount of fabric under two or three times and stitches along the edge in a straight line. In Old English, the word hem means "a border."
WORD FAMILY
hem: hemmed, hemming, hems
USAGE EXAMPLES
A quick glance at catwalk signs for 2017 shows that the hems of women's skirts will be falling - to just below the knee.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
After some hemming and hawing that involved five publicists — welcome to Hollywood — the Stallone family declined my requests for interviews.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Her fingers moved quickly, deftly, as though she were pinning a hem.
The New Yorker(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. （布等的）褶边; 用以引起注意的哼声
vt. 缝…的褶边; 包围
时态：hemmed, hemming, hems
分布：褶边(58%)，缝边(20%)，包围(17%)，约束(5%)
→来自kem,压进，压缩，引申词义褶边，卷边。
noun countable
■the edge of a piece of cloth, such as the bottom edge of a skirt or dress, which is folded over and sewn so that it does not develop loose threads （衣服等的）褶边，边
• I took the hem up/let the hem down. 我把褶边改短／放长。
[hem] verb transitive (-mm-)
■to sew a hem on a piece of clothing or cloth 给…缝褶边
• I need to hem those curtains. 我得给那些窗帘缝上褶边。
[hem] verb transitive (-mm-)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] hem sb in
■to surround someone and prevent them from moving or doing what they want to do 包围，限制（某人）
• When they reached Oxford Circus, the demonstrators were hemmed in by the police. 当他们到达牛津广场时，示威群众已被警方包围起来。
n. 边，边缘；摺边
 - margin, rim
vt. 包围；给...缝边
 - case, invest

Word: swig
Front: swig
[swɪg] (17794/23062)
Back: vt. <非正>大口喝（酒等）
n. 痛饮，大喝
时态：swigged, swigging, swigs
分布：大口地喝(38%)，豪饮(25%)，大喝(25%)，吞咽(12%)
[swɪg] (-gg-) informal
verb transitive
■to drink, especially by swallowing large amounts in a series of single actions 畅饮，痛饮（尤指大口地喝）
n. 痛饮，大喝；牛饮
 - hoptoad
vt. 牛饮；大喝特喝，豪饮
 - binge drinking, drink like a fish

Word: atlas
Front: atlas
[ˈætləs] (雅 15805/12003 -1)
Vocabulary: atlas
(once / 12024 pages)
1n 2n 3n
Can’t remember which countries border Uzbekistan? Consult an atlas, a book of maps, and you’ll find the information you need.
An atlas gets its name from the Greek god Atlas, who, according to myth, was forced to bear the weight of the heavens on his shoulders. You might feel like Atlas if you have to carry one of these books around. Atlases are usually large, oversized books that contain maps, diagrams, and information such as population figures. Traditionally, atlas refers specifically to a bound book of maps rather than to a folding map, a globe, or an online database.
WORD FAMILY
atlas: atlases
USAGE EXAMPLES
The beautiful and otherworldly development of the human embryo has been revealed in unprecedented detail in an interactive three-dimensional atlas.
The Guardian(Nov 24, 2016)
This “atlas of the underworld,” as they call it, holds the ghosts of past geography.
Science Magazine(Nov 22, 2016)
The atlas is free and can be found nearly everywhere licenses are sold.
Washington Times(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: n. 地图集; 〈比喻〉身负重担的人
分布：地图集(97%)，背负重物的人.(3%)
→泰坦巨人Atlas，与宙斯争位战败，被罚手撑天柱，因出现在早期的地图册上而得名。词源同词根tol, 举起，见extol, 抬举，赞美。
【源】来自希腊神话人物Atlas“阿特拉斯”－擎天神，他是被宙斯降罪用双肩支撑苍天的一个擎天神。在这段时间中，他画了很多地图，并装订成册－地图集
【记】at在，las读：拉萨。在拉萨有很多好地方:布达拉宫、大昭寺、八角街、哲蚌寺、色拉寺、小昭寺、尼姑庵、神湖、班戈湖、狮泉河镇、古格王国遗址、神山圣湖、雅鲁藏布江的源头、扎什伦布寺、白居寺、抗英遗址、羊卓雍湖、昌珠寺、藏王墓、桑耶寺。提问：去拉萨带什么？回答：地图集。At las＝last：在字典的最后一篇就是地图！
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a book containing maps 地图集，地图册
• a road atlas 道路交通图册
• an atlas of the world 世界地图册
■a book containing maps showing where particular things are made, found, etc. 图表册
• a wine atlas 葡萄酒分布图册
• an atlas of British plants 英国植物分布图册

Word: rollover
Front: rollover
[ˈrəʊləʊvə(r)] (17849/39969)
Back: n. 转滚法（用旧债券购买新债券）
分布：翻转砂箱(25%)，转台(25%)，滚动翻转(25%)，倾翻(25%)
US ['roʊl.oʊ.vɚ] noun countable
■when a prize has not been won in a competition and is added to the prize offered in the next competition （比赛或彩票奖金由于没人获得而累计入下一期的）累积，滚动增加
• a rollover week 奖金累积滚入下一期的一周
n. 翻转；（车）翻覆；延期付款
 - turnover, rolling over

Word: alum
Front: alum
[ˈæləm] (17889/28085)
Back: n. 明矾，矾; 白矾
分布：明矾(100%)
→词源同ale, 苦啤。指明矾味酸苦。-um, 金属元素后缀。
noun uncountable specialized
■a chemical substance containing aluminium used in dyeing (= changing the colour of something) and as an astringent (= substance that causes skin to tighten) 明矾，矾（含铝的化学物质，作为染色剂或收敛剂）

Word: upturned
Front: upturned
[ˌʌpˈtɜ:nd] (17744/14896)
Back: adj. 向上翘的，上下翻转过来的
分布：翻过来的(45%)，向上翘的(30%)，仰着的(15%)，动词upturn的过去式和过去分词形式.(10%)
US [-'tɝ:nd] adjective
■pointing or looking up, or having the part which is usually at the bottom turned to be at the top 向上翘的；面朝上的
• An upturned boat on the beach provided shelter. 沙滩上一只底朝天的船成了藏身之处。
adj. 朝上的；向上翘的；翻过来的
 - turnover, tip-tilted

Word: retrofit
Front: retrofit
[ˈretrəʊfɪt] (17900/46709)
Vocabulary: retrofit
(once / 25863 pages)
vn
When you retrofit something, you replace old parts with new ones. You might retrofit an antique car with updated brakes and seat belts, for example.
You can use retrofit as a verb, or it can be a noun meaning the new part itself, or something that's added on later. The solar panels on your two hundred year old house are a retrofit, and so is the fancy new stereo in your beat up old car. Retrofit has been around since the mid-1950s, when retroactive and refit were combined into a new word.
WORD FAMILY
retrofit: retrofits, retrofitted, retrofitting
USAGE EXAMPLES
Rich retrofitted the American lyric idiom to the exploration of trauma.
The New Yorker(Dec 19, 2016)
The 52-year-old information-technology contractor was frustrated when he heard such a critical upgrade was needed on a two-year-old car, but he chose the retrofit option.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 17, 2016)
An artist colony inside was evicted to enable the retrofit, and the building is now prime office space.
Seattle Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: n. 式样翻新，花样翻新
vt. 给机器设备装配（新部件），翻新，改型
时态：retrofitted, retrofitting, retrofits
分布：翻新(54%)，改进(46%)
→retro-,向后，fit,匹配，装配。引申词义翻新，改造。
VERB
对（机器）更新部件;对（建筑物）进行翻新
To retrofit a machine or a building means to put new parts or new equipment in it after it has been in use for some time, especially to improve its safety or make it work better.
例：Much of this business involves retrofitting existing planes...这项业务主要是改造更新现有的飞机。
例：Damaged houses have been repaired, roads repaved and buildings retrofitted.受损的房子已经修好，公路重铺了，大楼也翻新了。
vt. 改进； [计] 更新；式样翻新
 - improve upon, improve on

Word: urging
Front: urging
[ɜ:dgɪŋ] (17901/32820)
Back: v. 力劝( urge的现在分词 ); 强烈要求; 推进; 驱策
分布：催促的(44%)，动词urge的现在分词.(28%)，紧迫的(28%)
VERB
敦促；力劝
If you urge someone to do something, you try hard to persuade them to do it.
例：They urged parliament to approve plans for their reform programme...他们敦促议会批准他们的改革方案。
例：He urged employers and trade unions to adapt their pay settlements to the economic circumstances.他敦促雇主和工会根据经济条件调整工资方案。
VERB
推；拉；催促
If you urge someone somewhere, you make them go there by touching them or talking to them.
例：He slipped his arm around her waist and urged her away from the window...他揽住她的腰，拉着她离开了窗边。
例：'Come on, Grace,' he was urging her, 'don't wait, hurry up.'“快点啦，格雷丝，”他催促道，“别等了。快点。”
VERB
竭力主张；强烈要求
If you urge a course of action, you strongly advise that it should be taken.
例：He urged restraint on the security forces...他力主对安全部队设限。
例：We urge vigorous action to be taken immediately.我们强烈要求立即采取有力措施。
N-COUNT
强烈的欲望；冲动；迫切的要求
If you have an urge to do or have something, you have a strong wish to do or have it.
例：He had an urge to open a shop of his own...他很想自己开一家店。
例：I have often talked about why we want to be mothers, but none of us can describe the urge exactly.我经常谈到我们为什么想做母亲，但没有一个人能准确地描述这种冲动。
v. 说服，催促；激励，驱策；清除（urge的ing形式）
 - reasoning, motivating

Word: one-dimensional
Front: one-dimensional
['wʌndə'menʃənəl] None
Back: adj. 一维的; 单向度的; 没有深度的
分布：单维的(50%)，缺乏深度的(50%)
adjective
MEASURE 测量
■having height or width or length, but not two or all of these 一维的，一度空间的
[ˌwʌn.daɪ'ment.ʃən.əl] adjective
BORING 乏味的
■boring or showing no variety 乏味的，单调的；缺乏变化的
• The characters in his novels tend to be rather one-dimensional. 他小说中的人物往往很乏味。
adj. 肤浅的；单面的；幻想的
 - surface, shallow

Word: feel-good
Front: feel-good
[fi:l ɡud] None
Back: phr. 愉悦感，对未来的乐观态度（新闻用语）
adj. （电影）令人愉悦的
分布：让人感觉良好的(100%)
ADJ
(电影)令人愉悦的
A feel-good film is a film which presents people and life in a way which makes the people who watch it feel happy and optimistic.
例：This could be the feel-good movie of the autumn.这可以称得上是今秋令人赏心悦目的影片了。
例：...a bright and enjoyable feelgood romance.基调明快、让人乐观向上的爱情故事
PHRASE
愉悦感，对未来的乐观态度（新闻用语)
When journalists refer to the feel-good factor, they mean that people are feeling hopeful and optimistic about the future.
例：There were obvious signs of the feel-good factor in the last survey taken in the wake of the election result.选举结果公布后的最近一次调查显示，人们普遍对未来持乐观态度。

Word: heartless
Front: heartless
[ˈhɑ:tləs] (17904/18709)
Vocabulary: heartless
(once / 1180 pages)
adj
Someone who's heartless is inconsiderate and insensitive to other people's feelings. It would be heartless to smash a little kid's carefully carved Jack o' lantern.
A heartless person might respond glibly to a friend's sad story about his sick grandmother, or push a hungry cat out the door on a rainy night. If you're heartless, you're cold and uncaring. Another, older meaning of this adjective is "lacking courage," from the Old English heortleas, "dispirited or dejected." The modern meaning was coined by poet Percy Bysshe Shelley in 1816.
WORD FAMILY
heartless: heartlessly, heartlessness+/ heart: heartless, hearts, hearty / hearty: heartier, heartiest, heartily, heartiness, heartyly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Is family the one haven in a heartless world?
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
It’s not a heartless portrayal, but it’s an ambivalent one.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Judge Michael Kay QC told her: "You are a violent, dishonest and deceitful person and ultimately a selfish, heartless killer."
BBC(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 无情的，狠心的; 无情无义; 没良心; 薄情无义
分布：无情的(95%)，残酷的(5%)
US ['hɑ:rt-] adjective
■cruel and not worrying about other people 残酷的，无情的
• Don't be so heartless! 别那么无情！
adj. 无情的；无勇气的
 - relentless, ruthless

Word: romanticize
Front: romanticize
[rəʊˈmæntɪsaɪz] (17903/38605)
Vocabulary: romanticize
(once / 29112 pages)
v
To romanticize is either to put a positive spin on something that wasn’t great or to behave in a romantic way. If you’re sea sick on a cruise and spend the whole time clutching the railing but later say it was the best trip ever, you have romanticized your experience.
To romanticize can mean to act in a way that lends itself to romance, such as by buying flowers or making goo-goo eyes. A more common meaning has less to do with romance, but also involves wearing rose-colored glasses. If you romanticize war, you're making it sound like a glorious, beautiful thing. To romanticize is to interpret things that are not glamorous in a glamorous way.
WORD FAMILY
romanticize: romanticization, romanticized, romanticizes, romanticizing+/ romance: romanced, romances, romancing, romantic / romantic: romantically, romanticise, romanticism, romanticize, romantics, unromantic/romanticise: romanticisation, romanticised, romanticises, romanticising/ romanticism: neoromanticism, romanticist, romanticistic/romanticist: romanticists/unromantic: unromantically
USAGE EXAMPLES
That emptiness is filled with public language or romanticized connections.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
But college sports in 2016 is a far less romanticized place, for one reason:
Wall Street Journal(Dec 22, 2016)
The show was instrumental in shifting the popular landscape genre away from romanticized grandeur, typified by Ansel Adams, and toward matter-of-fact vernacular truth.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: vt. 使浪漫化; 使传奇化; 夸张; 以浪漫手法处理
vi. 沉醉于浪漫的幻想
时态：romanticized, romanticizing, romanticizes
分布：浪漫化(60%)，传奇化(31%)，以浪漫风格描写(9%)
US [roʊ'mæn.tˌə-] verb intransitive
■to talk about something in a way that makes it sound better than it really is, or to believe that something is better than it really is 以浪漫方式说话；使浪漫化；使理想化
• Stop romanticizing! Nothing's that perfect. 别再那么理想化了！哪有那么完美的事。
vt. 使浪漫化；使传奇化
 - legendize

Word: swab
Front: swab
[swɒb] (17891/24580)
Back: n. （医用的）拭子，药签; （用拭子取下的）化验标准
vt. 用拭子拭抹或擦净（某物）; （用拖把、抹布等）擦洗（某物）
时态：swabbed, swabbing, swabs
分布：医用海绵(45%)，擦净(33%)，以棉花棒涂敷于(22%)
→缩写自 swabber,拖把，尤指清扫甲板的拖把，来自荷兰语 zwabber,来自 Proto-Germanic*swabb, 拖，可能来自拟声词，模仿拖地的声音。后用于指医用的拭子，药签，且成为主要词义。
US [swɑ:b] noun countable
■a small piece of soft material used for cleaning a cut or for taking a small amount of substance from a body, or the substance itself which can then be tested 拭子，棉花棒，消毒棉；用棉花棒取下的化验标本
• The nurse cleaned the cut on my leg with a swab. 护士用一根棉花棒清理我腿上的伤口。
• "I'm just going to take a swab of your ear," said the doctor. 医生说：“我要用棉花棒从你耳朵里取样检查。”
UK [swɒb] US [swɑ:b] verb transitive (-bb-)
WASH 洗
■to wash a surface, especially the open flat areas of a ship, with a wet cloth or mop （用湿布或拖把）清洗，擦洗（尤指船上的地板）
UK [swɒb] US [swɑ:b] verb transitive (-bb-)
MEDICINE 药
■to clean a cut or take a small amount of substance from a body using a small piece of soft material 拭子，棉花棒，消毒棉；用棉花棒取下的化验标本
n. 药签， [外科] 拭子；医用海绵，纱布；拖把，擦帚；无赖
 - cad, gauze
vt. 打扫，擦拭；涂抹（药）于
 - do out, scavenge

Word: deadlock
Front: deadlock
[ˈdedlɒk] (雅宝 17906/12283 -1)
Vocabulary: deadlock
(once / 4002 pages)
n
Use the noun deadlock to describe a standstill, as when two people or sides cannot move beyond a disagreement.
Deadlock can also mean a game that results in an unbreakable tie or a stalemate, like when you are in a five-hour thumb-wrestling match with no winner. You can easily remember the meaning of this compound word, by thinking about its two word parts — dead + lock. The first appearance of deadlock was in The Critic, a play by Richard Brinsley Sheridan: “I have them all at a deadlock, for every one of them is afraid to let go first.”
WORD FAMILY
deadlock: deadlocks
USAGE EXAMPLES
Despite the setback, City’s French defender Gael Clichy broke the deadlock with a well-placed shot into the far corner in the 58th minute.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The goal broke the deadlock as Arsenal moved into the top three with a comfortable home win.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
The deadlock was broken in the 41st minute and sparked a short spell of footballing fancy dress.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 僵局; 停顿，停滞; 没有弹簧的锁
vt. 停顿; 相持不下
vi. 成僵局
分布：僵局(89%)，停顿(9%)，相持不下(2%)
【记】dead死，lock锁－局势锁死了－僵局
US [-lɑ:k] noun [S or U]
■a situation in which agreement in an argument cannot be reached because neither side will change its demands or accept any of the demands of the other side; stalemate 僵局，僵持；死结
• Somebody will have to compromise if we are to break (= end) the deadlock between the two warring factions. 如果我们想打破交战双方之间的僵局，就必须有人作出妥协。
• Once again the talks have ended in deadlock. 谈判再次以僵局告终。
• Deadlock over wage levels has prevented an agreement being reached. 在工资水准问题上的僵持不下，阻碍达成协议。
n. 僵局，停顿
 - impasse, logjam
vi. [计] 死锁；停顿
 - bog down
vt. 停顿；相持不下
 - bog down

Word: low-tech
Front: low-tech
[ləu tek] None
Back: adj. 低技术的；技术含量低的
分布：技术落后的(100%)
US [ˌloʊ-] adjective
■not using the most recent equipment or methods 低技术的，科技含量低的
• a low-tech economy 科技含量不高的经济
Compare high-tech

Word: vacationer
Front: vacationer
[vəˈkeɪʃnə(r)] (17894/-)
Back: n. 度假者，休假者
分布：度假者(67%)，休假者(33%)
US [-ɚ] noun countable US for holidaymaker
n. 休假者；度假者
 - holidayer

Word: aimlessly
Front: aimlessly
['eɪmləslɪ] (17897/19678)
Vocabulary: aimlessly
(once / 2947 pages)
adv
When you do something aimlessly, you have no plan or purpose. You might wander aimlessly through the zoo on a summer afternoon, not sure which animal you feel like looking at.
A road trip can be a long drive directly from one place to another, or it can look more like a couple of friends driving aimlessly along country highways, heading nowhere in particular. When someone is aimless, she has no real direction or specific plan — she's "without aim." The adverb aimlessly comes from this adjective, and it's equally random and unplanned.
WORD FAMILY
aimless: aimlessly, aimlessness+/ aim: aimed, aiming, aimless, aims
USAGE EXAMPLES
She sat alone in her bedroom for hours, staring aimlessly at the walls.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
"With little data due, prices are likely to drift aimlessly in today's session," ANZ bank said on Tuesday.
Reuters(Dec 19, 2016)
Witnesses said many of users were shaking or leaning aimlessly against trees and fire hydrants.
Seattle Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: adv. 漫无目的地，无目标地; 瞎; 等闲
分布：漫无目的地(60%)，无目的地(40%)
ADJ-GRADED
无目的的;无目标的
A person or activity that is aimless has no clear purpose or plan.
例：Peters had been adrift and aimless...彼得斯曾经漫无目的地四处漂泊。
例：After several hours of aimless searching they were getting low on fuel.在几个小时漫无目的的搜寻之后，他们快没燃料了。

Word: ravioli
Front: ravioli
[ˌræviˈəʊli] (17878/43439)
Back: n. 小方饺
分布：馄饨(100%)
→来自意大利语 ravioli,方形饼，来自 raviolo 的复数，来自 rava,萝卜，-olo,小词后缀，来自拉 丁语 rapa,萝卜，词源同 rape,rapeseed.
US [-'oʊ-] noun uncountable
■small square cases of pasta filled with meat or cheese, which are cooked in boiling water （肉或起司馅的）义大利云吞

Word: paving
Front: paving
[ˈpeɪvɪŋ] (17915/10063)
Back: n. 块石面路
v. 铺( pave的现在分词 ); 为…铺平道路
分布：铺面(58%)，铺筑材料(28%)，动词pave的现在分词形式.(14%)
noun uncountable
■a paved area, or material used to pave an area 铺过的地面；铺筑材料
n. [建] 铺砌；铺路材料；块石面路
 - paver

Word: measles
Front: measles
[ˈmi:zlz] (17914/15308 -1)
Vocabulary: measles
(once / 2329 pages)
n
Measles is a serious contagious illness that's distinctive for the bright red spots that can spread over the entire body. One of the vaccines most young children receive helps keep them from getting measles.
Measles used to be a disease that killed many people — it's estimated that between the mid-nineteenth century and 2005, about 200 million people died from measles. Today about 85 percent of children worldwide are vaccinated against measles, so it's much less common than it once was. The word measles most likely comes from the Middle Dutch masel, or "blemish."
WORD FAMILY
measles
USAGE EXAMPLES
After the introduction of the measles vaccine, the rate of the disease dropped precipitously; it was declared eliminated from the U.S. in 2000.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But they were vulnerable to European diseases, especially smallpox and measles, which burned far ahead of actual European contact, triggering large population collapses.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
The hospital is also seeing more cases of measles, malaria and skin diseases, mostly affecting the more than 3 million people displaced by the war.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. <医>麻疹; [兽]（牛，猪的）囊虫病; [摄]斑点; <美俚>梅毒，麻疹的红斑点
分布：麻疹(100%)
→拼写置换自中古英语masel,传染病，-s,复数后缀，来自Proto-Germanic*mas,斑点，血斑。
noun uncountable
■an infectious disease which produces small red spots all over the body 麻疹；风疹
n. [内科] 麻疹；风疹
 - rubeola, morbilli

Word: cougar
Front: cougar
[ˈku:gə(r)] (宝 15820/-)
Vocabulary: cougar
(once / 3852 pages)
n
A cougar is a type of large cat — male cougars can reach eight feet long. You may have seen a cougar in a nature program about the animals of North and South America.
A cougar is a feline, but these cats are not tame house pets — they are dangerous wild animals. Found from Canada all the way to the South America, cougars are also called pumas, mountain lions, panthers, and catamounts. The word cougar is also a slang term for an older woman who dates much younger men. Even when it is meant to be a compliment, like any stereotype, cougar has the potential to offend — best to avoid.
WORD FAMILY
cougar: cougars
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Cougars also started the started second half with a 14-0 run.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The Cougars tied the Silvertips for most points in the league so far this season.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back in hockey, he would coach Detroit’s original N.H.L. team, the Cougars.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. <美>美洲狮; （追求年轻帅哥的）熟女
分布：美洲狮(65%)，美洲豹(35%)
→来自南美土著语。
【记】读：哭歌，当你一边唱歌，一边游览西半球山区美丽的风景时，突然发现了一只cougar，这时你就只能哭着唱歌了。读：cool哥－美洲狮
US [-gɚ] mainly US (mainly UK puma)
noun countable
■a large brown wild cat that lives in North and South America 美洲狮
n. [脊椎] 美洲狮，美洲豹（特指Felis concolor）
 - mountain lion, leopard

Word: introspection
Front: introspection
[ˌɪntrəˈspekʃn] (17911/18803)
Vocabulary: introspection
(once / 6112 pages)
n
Introspection means "to look inside," and describes the act of thinking about your own actions or inner thoughts. When you examine what you do, say, think or feel and how it affects your life and the lives of others, that's introspection.
It's easy to piece together the meaning of the noun introspection. Consider that intro means "within," while spec is from the Latin for "look." So you can tell that the word means the act of "looking within." Introspection isn't "thinking about yourself" in the sense of calculating your own interests; it's more like searching inside in order to understand yourself — what some people mock as "navel gazing." Nineteenth-century philosopher William Godwin once said, “The philosophy of the wisest man that ever existed is mainly derived from the act of introspection.”
WORD FAMILY
introspection: introspections+/introspect: introspected, introspecting, introspection, introspective, introspects/ introspective: introspectively, introspectiveness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Austin Rivers was in no mood for introspection Monday night.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The year 2016 leaves us with a bumper crop of familiar but acutely revivified subjects for introspection: Who are we?
The New Yorker(Dec 29, 2016)
An overseas thrashing usually sends English cricket into a period of introspection.
BBC(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 反省，内省; 自我反省
分布：内省(39%)，反省(36%)，自省(25%)
→intra-,在内，-spect,看，词源同spectator,inspect.引申词义内省。
【记】intro内，spect看，ion：看自己的内心－反省
【参】introspective（adj （好）反省的）
noun uncountable
■examination of and attention to your own ideas, thoughts and feelings 自省，反省
• His defeat in the world championship led to a long period of gloomy introspection. 世界锦标赛上落败后，他长期郁郁寡欢，处于自我反省之中。
n. 反思； [心理] 内省； [计] 自省
 - self-communion

Word: stained-glass
Front: stained-glass
None None
Back: 彩色玻璃（镶嵌在教堂的窗户）
分布：彩色玻璃的(100%)

Word: beater
Front: beater
[ˈbi:tə(r)] (17910/19536 -1)
Back: n. 拍打器; 敲打者; 助猎者; （狩猎中）使猎物从掩蔽处惊起的人
分布：搅拌器(69%)，助猎者(21%)，敲打者(10%)
US [-tˌɚ] noun countable
DEVICE 仪器
■a device which is used for repeatedly hitting something, especially in order to clean it, or for mixing especially foods. Beater is often used as a combining form （清洁某物的）拍打器；（尤指食物）搅拌机；打浆机
• an electric beater 电动搅拌机
• a carpet-beater 地毯拍打器
• an egg-beater 打蛋器
UK ['bi:.tər] US [-tˌɚ] noun countable
PERSON 人
■used as a combining form to mean a person who repeatedly hits people, especially members of their family （尤指经常打家人的）打人者
• a child-beater 经常打孩子的人
• a wife-beater 经常打老婆的人
■a person paid by hunters to force birds and animals into a place where they can be seen and therefore shot （受雇）将鸟兽从隐蔽处赶出来的人
n. [机] 搅拌器； [食品] [纸] 打浆机；助猎者
 - mixer, agitator

Word: blissful
Front: blissful
[ˈblɪsfl] (宝 17918/19800 -1)
Vocabulary: blissful
(once / 1590 pages)
adj
If you're blissful, you're happy and at peace. You can never have too many blissful moments.
If you're feeling blissful, then you're lucky. This is a word for total contentment and major happiness, along with a kind of Zen-like peace. Good spa treatments should be totally blissful. Getting an A in math or hitting a home run could make you feel blissful. A perfectly gooey piece of chocolate cake could be pretty blissful. A blissful moment is full of joy and relaxation. Sounds nice, doesn't it?
WORD FAMILY
blissful: blissfulest, blissfully, blissfulness+/ bliss: blisses, blissful /blissfulness: blissfulnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Cycling over gravel – with the odd blissful stretch of asphalt – we were coated in dust and mud, suncream and Vaseline.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
He ends the day “exhausted and blissful,” quoting from “The Man Without a Country,” by Edward Everett Hale, and begins to weep.
The New Yorker(Dec 11, 2016)
They were smiling and carefree with their perfect, blissful lives.
New York Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: adj. 极快乐的，极幸福的; 充满喜悦的; 有造化的; 极乐
分布：幸福的(79%)，有福的(14%)，极快乐的(7%)
【记】bless（v 祝福）变成现实就会blissful读：不理事ful－什么都不理－幸福的
adjective
■extremely or completely happy 极乐的，极幸福的
• a blissful childhood/holiday 快乐的童年／假日
• We spent a blissful year together before things started to go wrong. 我们在一起渡过了非常幸福的一年，然后问题便开始出现了。
['blɪs.fəl] adjective
in blissful ignorance
■not knowing any of the unpleasant facts about something （对令人不快的事）一无所知
• All the time his business was failing, he kept his wife and family in blissful ignorance. 他的生意一直不景气，但他一直瞒着妻子和家人，不想让他们担心。

Word: lumbering
Front: lumbering
[ˈlʌmbərɪŋ] (托 17919/19757)
Vocabulary: lumbering
(once / 2748 pages)
1adj 2n
Someone who's lumbering moves in a heavy, ungainly way. The big, lumbering players on a football team tend to play defensive positions like lineman.
You might normally skip lightly down the street, but when you're carrying two big suitcases and wearing a heavy backpack, you'll be a lumbering figure slowly making your way along the sidewalk. Your toy poodle might move easily, while your giant 150-pound Mastiff is a lumbering, drooling companion. This adjective comes from the verb lumber, from the earlier lomere, which has a Scandinavian root.
WORD FAMILY
lumbering: lumberingly, lumberings+/ lumber: lumbered, lumbering, lumbers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Iraqi special forces are trying to compensate for lumbering armored military units.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
The metallic digits on this lumbering monstrosity are clearly intended to supplant the dexterity and fine motor control found in the human fingertips.
Salon(Dec 27, 2016)
The rest is left to Alec Baldwin: the puckered lips, a studied lumbering gait and a wariness of humanizing a man he reviles.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 伐木业
adj. 笨重的
分布：动词lumber的现在分词.(50%)，动作迟缓笨拙的(50%)
→来自lumber,吃力的走，缓慢的走。
N-UNCOUNT
木材；方材
Lumber consists of trees and large pieces of wood that have been roughly cut up.
例：It was made of soft lumber, spruce by the look of it...其制作材料是软木，看起来像是云杉。
例：He was going to have to purchase all his lumber at full retail price.他将不得不把所有木材按零售价分文不少地买下来。
VERB
（缓慢而笨拙地）挪动，移动
If someone or something lumbers from one place to another, they move there very slowly and clumsily.
例：He turned and lumbered back to his chair...他转过身来，蹒跚着走回到椅子边坐下。
例：The truck lumbered across the parking lot toward the road...卡车隆隆地驶过停车场准备上路。
adj. 笨拙的；动作迟缓的
 - clumsy, awkward

Word: off-duty
Front: off-duty
[ɒf 'dju:tɪ] None
Back: adj. 下了班的
分布：不当班的(67%)，不在值班时间的(33%)
→off,离开，duty,职责，上班。
US [ˌɑ:f'du:.tˌi] adjective
■When police officers, doctors, guards, etc. are off-duty, they are not working （员警、医生、哨兵等）不当班的，下了班的
• He looks completely different when he's off-duty and in his normal clothes. 他下了班穿上自己平日的衣服后完全变了个样。

Word: undervalue
Front: undervalue
[ˌʌndəˈvælju:] (17921/14849 -1)
Back: vt. 估价过低; 轻看
时态：undervalued, undervaluing, undervalues
分布：看轻(64%)，低估价值(36%)
低估;轻视(under下面+aluce→在原有价值下面→低估)[vail,val=strong,表示"强壮"]
US [-dɚ-] verb transitive
■to consider someone or something as less valuable or important than they really are 低估；轻视；对…认识不足
• The company had undervalued the building by £20 000. 公司把这幢大楼低估了两万英镑。
• He felt undervalued and underpaid. 他觉得自己未受到应有的重视，报酬也过低。
vt. 低估...之价值；看轻
 - make no account of

Word: pre-columbian

Word: worn-out
Front: worn-out
['wɔ:n'aʊt] None
Back: adj. 不能再用（或穿）的，磨破的，穿旧的; 破旧; 劳瘁
分布：疲惫不堪的(60%)，陈腐的(20%)，磨损的(20%)
adj. 磨破的；穿旧的；不能再用的
 - threadbare

Word: outscore
Front: outscore
[aʊt'skɔ:] (17840/40596)
Back: vt. 得分超过
时态：outscored, outscoring, outscores
分布：得分高于(100%)
US [-'skɔ:r] mainly US
verb transitive
■to score more points than another player or team in a competition （在比赛中）得分超过
• Johnson outscored his nearest rival by 30 points. 约翰逊比紧随其后的对手得分高出30分。

Word: intoxicating
Front: intoxicating
[ɪnˈtɒksɪkeɪtɪŋ] (17924/19939)
Vocabulary: intoxicating
(once / 2168 pages)
adj
Something that's intoxicating is exciting and a bit disorienting. The intoxicating smell of your mom's lasagna might make you forget momentarily that you said you'd meet a friend for pizza.
The adjective intoxicating is perfect for describing things that exhilarate or thrill you. The sound of an audience cheering for you at your accordion concert might feel intoxicating, and a ride on a roller coaster can also be wonderfully intoxicating. A more literal meaning of intoxicating is "making one drunk," and the word itself comes from a Latin root, "to poison."
WORD FAMILY
intoxicating: intoxicatingly+/ intoxicate: intoxicated, intoxicates, intoxicating, intoxication/ intoxicated: unintoxicated/intoxication: intoxications
USAGE EXAMPLES
The romanticism of Paterson’s artistic isolation, of the solitary pursuit of art by a seeming separate inspiration, is an intoxicating myth.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
So the music is also equally intoxicating in that.
Salon(Dec 28, 2016)
That’s the intoxicating thing about conspiracy theories — layers within layers, the tantalizing hope of deeper hidden truth lurking somewhere.
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: adj. 醉人的; 令人陶醉的; 使兴奋的; （指酒类）蒸馏的（非发酵的）
v. 使喝醉( intoxicate的现在分词 ); 使陶醉; 使激动不已; 使欣喜若狂
分布：醉人的(69%)，使人兴奋的(26%)，动词intoxicate的现在分词形式.(5%)
US [-'tɑ:k.sɪ.keɪ.tˌɪŋ] adjective
■If a drink is intoxicating, it makes you drunk if you have too much （饮品）醉人的
• intoxicating liquor 烈酒
■An intoxicating experience or idea makes you feel excited and emotional （经历或想法）令人陶醉的，令人极其兴奋的
• an intoxicating thought 令人陶醉的想法
adj. 醉人的；令人陶醉的；使兴奋的
 - mind-blowing, rorty
v. 使陶醉；醉酒；使中毒（intoxicate的ing形式）
 - charming

Word: decadence
Front: decadence
[ˈdekədəns] (托宝 17922/20570)
Vocabulary: decadence
(once / 3636 pages)
n
Whether in reference to chocolate cake for breakfast or wild all-night parties, decadence means extravagance, luxury, and self-indulgence with a sense of moral decline.
The Latin root of decadence means "to fall down," and this may help you understand the full sense of the word. Decadence is not simply a synonym for excess; it also suggests that one's morals have gone down. The word is usually negative but not always. When hostile critics called a group of French writers and artists in the late 1800s decadents, these poets and painters embraced the label. When a pastry chef calls her creation Chocolate Decadence, she is promoting a mildly guilty pleasure, not announcing the end of Western civilization.
WORD FAMILY
decadence: decadences+/decadency: decadencies/ decadent: decadence, decadency, decadently, decadents
USAGE EXAMPLES
There are two themes under one roof at the Red Derby's Decades of Decadence party.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
He professes to be fighting decadence because he is a pious Muslim.
BBC(Dec 22, 2016)
“It’s about desperation, decadence, depression and rage,” said a reverend.
New York Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. 衰落，堕落，颓废
分布：颓废(69%)，衰落(31%)
→de-, 向下。-cad, 掉落，词源同case, accident. 引申义堕落。
【记】decade（n 十年）经济增长就会进入衰退。
【反】wholesomeness（n 健康）
noun uncountable
■low moral standards and behaviour 堕落，颓废，腐朽
• Western decadence 西方的堕落
n. 堕落，颓废；衰落
 - corruption, degradation, deterioration

Word: indigo
Front: indigo
[ˈɪndɪgəʊ] (17930/24165 -1)
Back: n. 靛蓝，靛蓝染料; 靛蓝色; [植]槐蓝属植物
adj. 靛蓝色的
分布：靛青(80%)，紫蓝色(20%)
→来自希腊语indikon,印度进口的蓝色染料，词源同India.
US [-goʊ] adjective noun countable or uncountable
■(having) a bluish purple colour 靛蓝色（的）
n. [染料] 靛蓝，靛蓝染料；靛蓝色；槐蓝属植物
 - thumb blue, anil

Word: momma
Front: momma
[ˈmɒmə] (15830/41209 -1)
Back: n. <口>妈妈（尤儿语）
分布：妈妈(96%)，=mama.(4%)
US ['mɑ:.mə] noun countable US informal for
■ mother (PARENT)
n. 妈妈
 - mom, mama, mummy

Word: leper
Front: leper
[ˈlepə(r)] (17715/20235)
Vocabulary: leper
(once / 2312 pages)
n
A leper suffers from a revolting skin disease called leprosy. And, if you are treated like a leper, that means people stay away from you as if you are capable of spreading such a horrible disease.
You can use the noun leper in two ways: first, to describe someone who is shunned by others. These days many cigarette smokers complain that they feel like lepers, for example. Leper is also a medical term for a person who has a disease called leprosy, a serious bacterial illness that results in sores and lesions on the skin. The Greek root word is lepros, "scaly," which describes the appearance of a leper's skin.
WORD FAMILY
leper: lepers
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I’m tagged with a liberal label as one would once, in the Middle Ages, paint crosses on the doors of lepers,” he said.
The Guardian(Nov 20, 2016)
The court recently said Michigan is illegally treating many sex offenders as “moral lepers” by putting additional restrictions on them long after their convictions.
Washington Times(Sep 14, 2016)
Common misconceptions are reinforced by outdated and discriminatory laws like the 1898 Lepers Act brought in during the British rule.
BBC(Sep 11, 2016)
Back: n. 麻风病患者; （由于道德和社会原因）别人避之唯恐不及的人
分布：麻风病患者(78%)，被排斥或摈弃的人(22%)
→来自拉丁语lepra,麻风，词源同leaf.委婉语，因这种病症皮肤如同小叶片而得名。
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■a person who has leprosy 麻疯病人
■a person who is strongly disliked and avoided by other people because of something bad that he or she has done 不受欢迎的人，令人厌恶的人
• She claimed that the rumours had made her a social leper. 她声称谣言使她在社会交往中成了一个不受欢迎的人。

Word: subprime
Front: subprime
[ˌsʌb'praɪm] (17544/-)
Back: adj. 准一流的，近乎头等的; 准最低贷款利率的
→sub-,低于，prime,一级的，最优的。用于经济学术语指次级贷款，即贷给信誉不好的人。

Word: antiseptic
Front: antiseptic
[ˌæntiˈseptɪk] (托宝 17931/19184 -1)
Vocabulary: antiseptic
(once / 4813 pages)
adjn
If you are out to kill some microorganisms, an antiseptic will come in handy! If you go to a hospital for a cut on your arm, the nurse will apply an antiseptic to the wound because it will kill any bacteria, while not harming your healthy skin.
Antiseptic is also an adjective that describes the state of being clean and without disease-causing bacteria: "The antiseptic wash the nurse splashed over your arm was bright blue and smelled funny, but it kept your wound free of infection." Antiseptic can also describe something that is clean in a different way — as in, free of any objectionable language. A comedian's jokes could be so antiseptic that even your grandmother would like them.
WORD FAMILY
antiseptic: antiseptically, antisepticize, antiseptics+/antisepticize: antisepticized/ septic: antiseptic
USAGE EXAMPLES
Reference to the expression “harem” is gradually deleted, as though cleansing the past with an antiseptic of the present is good policy.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
She propped up a tablet in her lab and rubbed an antiseptic chemical on the inside of her lip.
Washington Times(Dec 01, 2016)
On this score, President Obama’s morally antiseptic statement Saturday on Castro is an insult to his victims.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 防腐的; 无菌的; 异常洁净的; 诚实无欺的
n. 防腐剂，杀菌剂，消毒剂
分布：防腐剂(57%)，防腐的(18%)，杀菌剂(14%)，杀菌的(7%)，冷漠的(2%)，极为干净整洁的(2%)
→前缀anti-, 相对，相反。词根sept, 腐烂，见aseptic, 防腐剂。
杀菌剂(anti反+sept菌+ic)[-ic 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人或学科"3.表名词"某种病"]
防腐的[sept=rotten(烂)]
US [-tˌi-] noun countable or uncountable
■a chemical used for preventing infection in an injury, especially by killing bacteria 防腐剂；（尤指）杀菌剂，消毒剂
• Antiseptic is used to sterilize the skin before giving an injection. 消毒剂用于注射前给皮肤消毒。
• Many of the ingredients for antiseptics come from the rainforests. 很多杀菌剂的原料产自热带雨林。
UK [ˌæn.ti'sep.tɪk] US [-tˌi-] adjective
■completely free from infection 不受感染的；消过毒的；无菌的
• In the 1870s and 1880s, doctors began to follow the principles of antiseptic surgery. 在19世纪70和80年代，医生开始遵循无菌外科手术原则。
■disapproving
■too clean and showing no imagination and character 过分整洁而显得单调的，过于整洁而呆板的
• There's an air of antiseptic cleanliness about the new town centre, with its covered shopping mall and perfect flower displays. 新建的市中心购物广场上面架了棚顶，花卉摆放得一丝不乱，一切过于整洁而显得有些呆板。
adj. [助剂] 防腐的， [药] 抗菌的；非常整洁的
 - rotproof, germproof
n. [助剂] 防腐剂， [药] 抗菌剂
 - conserving agent, corrosion preventive

Word: ricochet
Front: ricochet
[ˈrɪkəʃeɪ] (17929/32764)
Vocabulary: ricochet
(once / 8074 pages)
vn
A projectile that bounces off another surface is said to ricochet. You missed when you threw your crumpled paper at the wastepaper basket. Instead, the paper ricocheted off the wall and hit your brother on the head. The battle was on!
As a noun, ricochet refers to the rebound or to the object that ricochets. If someone shoots a bullet and it ricochets off a tree, you can survive the initial gunfire only to be caught by the ricochet. The word ricochet is from the French word of the same spelling. Because of its French origin, the word is still pronounced with the soft French "shay" sound at the end — not a hard "T."
WORD FAMILY
ricochet: ricocheted, ricocheting, ricochets, ricochetted, ricochetting
USAGE EXAMPLES
The sound of the hammer punching through steel ricocheted down the hallway like gunshots.
The New Yorker(Dec 22, 2016)
The announcement confirms a report first published by Page Six of The New York Post early this week, which quickly ricocheted around the internet.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Once the news ricocheted around town, revelers hurried home, glued to their mobile phones, amid the sound of sirens.
New York Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: n. （尤指炮弹、子弹接触水面、地面后的）跳飞; 弹跳; 漂飞; 被跳弹击中
vi. 反弹，跳飞
时态：ricocheted, ricochetting, ricochets
分布：跳飞(62%)，弹飞(17%)，弹回(13%)，跳射(8%)
→来自法语 ricochet,打水漂，水面溜石子，词源不详。后用于军事俚语指枪弹弹片反弹误伤， 后词义通用化。
verb intransitive
■If a ball or bullet ricochets, it hits a surface and moves away from it at an angle （球或子弹击中物体表面后）跳飞，弹回，反弹
• The ball ricocheted off the goalkeeper and into the net. 球打在守门员身上弹进了网。

Word: all-star
Front: all-star
[ˈɔ:lstɑ:] (-1)
Back: adj. 明星云集的; 明星班子成员
分布：全明星组成的(50%)，明星队的运动员(50%)
US ['ɑ:l.stɑ:r] adjective [before noun]
■having or including famous actors or players 明星云集的，全明星的，众星云集的
• His latest film featured an all-star cast. 他最近拍的一部电影众星云集。
• an all-star baseball team 明星棒球队

Word: veracity
Front: veracity
[vəˈræsəti] (托宝 17927/20894)
Vocabulary: veracity
(once / 1890 pages)
n
Veracity sounds like some kind of disease you don't want to catch, but in fact, it means truthfulness. If you question the veracity of a statement or story, you wonder whether it is truthful or accurate.
Veracity is linked to the adjective veracious or "truthful." But don't confuse veracious with voracious. A voracious person eats very large amounts of food. If you were veracious, or "truthful," you'd tell them they look fat.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
veracious / voracious
Voracious describes someone super hungry, like a zombie or a wolf. A voracious appetite makes you want to eat a whole cake. Veracious (with an "e") means truthful, as in a veracious first president who cannot tell a lie.
Voracious is spelled with an "o" for an open mouth or the hole in your stomach you're trying to fill if you have a voracious appetite. It's used to describe appetites, but not always for food — a voracious reader devours books by reading one after the other. Here are some unrelenting examples:
The fish are such voracious eaters that they have crowded out other species and disrupted ecosystems. — Wall Street Journal
A voracious reader, he became a self-educated art historian and a well-informed generalist whose knowledge awed his friends, including well-known artists. — New York Times
The more formal word veracious comes from the Latin root verus for "truth." You might recognize that root in words like verify "to show something's true," or verisimilitude for "seeming true to life." Veracious means truthful, so a veracious author, for example, is one who tells the truth. Here are more examples:
This interesting, although not very veracious author, gives the following account of the process. — J.G. Millingen
I ought to have bought up all sorts of memories, and written the most veracious novel the world has seen. — Israel Zangwill
If you had to hang out with either a voracious person or a veracious one, choose the veracious, or truthful, one. The voracious one would definitely eat all of your French fries, and your brains if you hang out with zombies.
WORD FAMILY
veracity: veracious, veracities+/ veracious: veraciously
USAGE EXAMPLES
House Speaker Paul Ryan pointedly declined to say anything about the veracity of Trump’s allegation, saying “I’m not really focused on these things.”
Salon(Dec 19, 2016)
The process involved in establishing the veracity of stories is also complicated.
The Guardian(Dec 16, 2016)
If people still want to share it, they will see a pop-up that reminds them that the veracity of the information is in question.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 诚实，真实
分布：真实性(57%)，诚实(43%)
→来自拉丁语verus,真实的，词源同verify,very.
真实;可靠(ver+acity)[uer=true,表示"真实"]
真实(ver真)[-acity表名词"有…倾向"]
【记】ver真实，acity性质：真实性
【反】prevarication（n 支吾其词）
US [vɚ'æs.ə.tˌi] formal
noun uncountable
■the quality of being true, honest or accurate 真实；诚实；实事求是
• Doubts were cast on the veracity of her alibi after three people claimed to have seen her at the scene of the robbery. 当有三人宣称曾在抢劫现场看见她时，她的不在场证据的真实性开始受到怀疑。
n. 诚实；精确性；老实；说真实话
 - honesty, truth, integrity, good faith

Word: bequest
Front: bequest
[bɪˈkwest] (托宝 17885/12787)
Vocabulary: bequest
(once / 2873 pages)
n
When you receive some kind of gift, be it money or property, through a will, that gift is known as a bequest. Your aunt left you a bequest of the earrings she always thought you admired.
The noun bequest is something one arranges to give away after death, sort of a gift from beyond the grave. Basically, putting a bequest in a will is a way of making sure the right person will get certain goods after your death. If you are very wealthy, universities and charitable organizations may court you in an attempt to gain bequests for their institutions.
WORD FAMILY
bequest: bequests
USAGE EXAMPLES
He added that while the company’s coffers were starting off relatively full, thanks to a multimillion-dollar bequest, it was working hard to raise money.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The bequest falls from the sky like a shower of gold greeting a newly crowned tsar.
The New Yorker(Dec 28, 2016)
Answer: Please think long and hard before you try to restrict what the next generation does with a bequest, particularly when it’s real estate.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 遗赠; 遗产，遗赠物
分布：遗产(76%)，遗赠物(24%)
→前缀be-, 强调。quest, 词源同voice, 说。此处指临终遗嘱。
【记】be表被动，quest要求（或读：快死他）－死后被要求留下东西－遗赠物
noun countable
■the money or property belonging to someone which they say that, after their death, they wish to be given to other people 遗赠，遗产
• Her will included small bequests to her family, while most of her fortune went to charity. 她在遗嘱中写明将一小部分遗产留给家人，大部分都捐给慈善机构。
n. [法] 遗产；遗赠
 - heritage, inheritance, legacy

Word: occupying
Front: occupying
[ˈɔkjupaiŋ] (17933/19482)
Back: v. 占领( occupy的现在分词 ); 使用; 使从事; 任职
分布：占领(66%)，占用(24%)，使忙碌(6%)，专心(2%)，从事(2%)
VERB
居住，使用（建筑物或某地）
The people who occupy a building or a place are the people who live or work there.
例：There were over 40 tenants, all occupying one wing of the hospital...共有40多位房客，他们全部住在这家医院的一个病区。
例：Land is, in most instances, purchased by those who occupy it.在大多数情况下，土地都是由其使用者购得。
V-PASSIVE
占用，使用（房间、座位等）
If a room or something such as a seat is occupied, someone is using it, so that it is not available for anyone else.
例：The hospital bed is no longer occupied by his wife...他的妻子不在这张病床上了。
例：I saw three camp beds, two of which were occupied.我看见了3张折叠床，其中两张已有人占了。
VERB
占领；占据；侵占
If a group of people or an army occupies a place or country, they move into it, using force in order to gain control of it.
例：U.S. forces now occupy a part of the country...美国军队现在占领了该国的一部分。
例：Alexandretta had been occupied by the French in 1918 after the defeat of Turkey.土耳其溃败之后，亚历山大勒塔在1918年被法国人占领。
VERB
担任（…职务）；居于（…地位）
If someone or something occupies a particular place in a system, process, or plan, they have that place.
例：We occupy a quality position in the market place...我们在市场上居于高端地位。
例：Men still occupy more positions of power than women.担任要职的男性仍然比女性多。
VERB
使忙碌；使全神贯注
If something occupies you, or if you occupy yourself, your time, or your mind with it, you are busy doing that thing or thinking about it.
例：Her parliamentary career has occupied all of her time...她整日忙于议会的工作。
例：He hurried to take the suitcases and occupy himself with packing the car...他急匆匆地去拎手提箱，忙着往车里装。
VERB
使从事；使关注；使花费时间
If something occupies you, it requires your efforts, attention, or time.
例：I had other matters to occupy me, during the day at least...至少白天我还有别的事情要做。
例：This challenge will occupy Europe for a generation or more.这将是欧洲在未来二三十年或者更长的时间里所要面临的挑战。
VERB
占（空间或面积）
If something occupies a particular area or place, it fills or covers it, or exists there.
例：Even quite small aircraft occupy a lot of space...哪怕很小的飞机也要占很大的空间。
例：Bookshelves occupied most of the living room walls.这些书架占了起居室的大部分墙面。
VERB
占，耗费（时间）
If something such as a journey occupies a particular period of time, it takes that amount of time to complete.
例：She reached Karachi on Monday evening, the journey having occupied three days and nine hours.她在星期一晚上抵达了卡拉奇，这段行程耗时3天9小时。

Word: cyclone
Front: cyclone
[ˈsaɪkləʊn] (托宝 17926/23855 -1)
Vocabulary: cyclone
(once / 2285 pages)
n
A cyclone is another word for "tornado" or other types of violent, spinning storms. It was a cyclone that uprooted Dorothy in "The Wizard of Oz," and her little dog Toto too.
In the midwestern part of the United States, a cyclone is a tornado. But ask a meteorologist and he'll tell you that technically a cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm that forms over a warm ocean, specifically in the South Pacific. Tropical cyclones are actually much bigger than tornadoes: a small cyclone could be 100 miles across, while a monster tornado would only be about a mile across.
WORD COUNT
Stormy Weather: A Tempest of Meteorological Terms
Not long ago, Cliff Mass, an atmospheric scientist in Seattle, blogged about a sandstorm that had occurred in Eastern Washington. Extreme weather is not unusual in that area, but the word he used for the storm was new to many of us: haboob. The novelty of the term, along with the spectacular photo on his blog of an oncoming haboob, had people talking about it for days.
Haboob in Eastern Washington, September 2013 [Photo: Robert Ames]
Given how much our day-to-day lives are influenced by weather — and especially by storms — perhaps it's not surprising that we have a rich vocabulary for these natural phenomena.
The biggest of all storms, of course, is a hurricane. This term came into English from Spanish, but originates in Taíno, a native language from the Caribbean. The regional origin of this name might explain why we use hurricane for storms in the Atlantic and in eastern Pacific, close to the Americas. For similar storms in the western Pacific and the Indian Ocean, we use the word typhoon, a term with a curious etymology: it appears to represent a convergence of a Greek word for a whirlwind and a Chinese word for "great wind." (Some speculate an Arabic origin also.) A general term for these types of large-scale storms — cyclone, from Greek for "rotate" or "wheel" — alludes to the fact that they revolve around a central point.
Hurricane Isabel as seen from the International Space Station [source: Wikipedia]
Aside from these well-known terms, there's a nor'easter for a large storm in the north Atlantic. This name follows the convention for naming winds, which identifies the direction from which they come; a nor'easter spins counterclockwise, hence brings winds from the northeast.
Inland, a derecho is a hurricane-scale storm that is primarily associated with the Midwestern areas of the U.S. and Canada. Derecho is the Spanish word for "straight ahead," and came into use to describe the storm's wind pattern, which meteorologists call "straight-line wind." The "straight" nature of a derecho was intended to contrast with the circular nature of a different storm: the tornado, which occurs frequently in the same geographic region. The name tornado is another Spanish term, which might either derive from a word for thunderstorm or from a word for "to turn." An informal term for a tornado is a twister, named for its characteristic motion. The word cyclone is also used informally for tornados, since they're another type of revolving storm, but not by professionals.
If you substitute snow for rain in one of these large-scale storms, you get a blizzard. While I'm sure that the Anglo-Saxons huddled in their longhouses against snowy blasts, they did not bequeath us this word; blizzard is both a surprisingly modern term (the first recorded cite is from 1859) and originally an American one.
Generically, any strong wind is a gale (possibly of Norse origin). For meteorologists, a gale has a more precise definition: it's a wind that's between 34 and 40 knots, as measured on the Beaufort Scale, which has similarly precise values for terms like strong breeze, high wind, violent storm, and hurricane force. Another generic term for a wind-bearing storm is tempest (from Latin via Old French), whose metaphoric sense of tumult goes back almost as far as its weather-related sense. I for one would love to hear a TV weatherperson bring the word tempest back into everyday use.
There are many regional terms for winds and windstorms that occur regularly. People near mountains often experience type of wind called a föhn (or foehn, pronounced fern), which occurs in the Alps. This is a wind that comes down off mountains (that is, the wind is katabatic) and is channeled via valleys or passes. In Southern California, a famous föhn-type wind is the Santa Ana wind that blows out of the high desert to the east and whose extreme dryness can contribute to wildfires. (Some say that the Santa Ana wind makes people in Los Angeles restless and violent.) I grew up along the Front Range in Colorado, and in the spring we often experienced the extremely strong Chinook wind, whose unseasonable warmth has given it the nickname "snow-eater."
Other regional winds are the Diablo wind in Northern California, the Knik and Taku winds in Alaska, and the Squamish in British Columbia, though not all of these are warm winds (quite the contrary). Further afield are winds such as those in the Mediterranean region including the Mistral and Levant in France, the Ostro in Italy, and the hot, dry Sirocco that comes off the Sahara.
The Sirocco brings us back to Arabic, which is where we also get the haboob that we started with. Look out your window, and if it's a blustery day, there's probably a term that precisely names the wind you're experiencing, whether that term comes to us from a Native American language, from Spanish, or from a language of the African deserts.
WORD FAMILY
cyclone: anticyclone, cyclonal, cyclones, cyclonic+/anticyclone: anticyclones/cyclonic: cyclonical, cyclonically
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I’ve got a lot of confidence and belief in our players. We’ve got a good team,” Beard said after the loss to the Cyclones.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The Cyclones will be decisive underdogs, although they were within a missed 3 of beating No. 7 Gonzaga earlier this season.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
A possible solution for the Cyclones might be increasing freshman Solomon Young’s playing time.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 气旋，旋风; 飓风，暴风; 旋风分离器
分布：旋风(37%)，气旋(31%)，飓风(18%)，旋风分离器(14%)
→来自cycle,圈。-one，大词后缀。
旋风[circ,cycl=ring,circle,表示"圆,环"]
【记】cycl转，one－一种转的东西－旋风cyclone非常的alone
【参】cyclamate（n 有害的糖精）；cyclopedia（n 百科全书）；cyclical（adj 轮转的；循环的）
US [-kloʊn] noun countable
■a violent tropical storm or wind in which the air moves very fast in a circular direction 旋风；气旋；龙卷风
n. 旋风； [气象] 气旋；飓风
 - windspout, hurricane

Word: yuppie
Front: yuppie
['jʌpɪ] (17920/19803 -1)
Vocabulary: yuppie
(once / 20809 pages)
n
If your brother calls you a yuppie, it's not a compliment, but it does mean that he sees you as a well-paid, professional adult.
In the mid-1980's, people started using the derogatory term yuppie to talk about a particular group of middle-class, well-educated workers. Yuppies are distinguished by their disposable income and the things on which they choose to spend it, like clothes, food, and cars. Yuppie is a shortened form of "young urban professional," and its popularity won out over other acronyms of the time, "yumpie," for "young upwardly mobile professional, and "yap," for "young aspiring professional."
WORD FAMILY
yuppie: yuppies
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s Hitler Youth rebranded as Hitler Yuppie — an insidious way to blend in.
Washington Post(Nov 30, 2016)
This detail immediately establishes them as unnatural childless yuppie scum.
Salon(Nov 25, 2016)
The party seduced and depended on wealthy suburbanites, and on yuppies streaming back to the inner city. It worked, for a while.
Slate(Nov 13, 2016)
Back: n. （美）雅皮士（属于中上阶层的年轻专业人士）
分布：名词(100%)
→缩写自young urban professional.
(also yuppy) ['jʌp.i] noun countable disapproving
■a young person who lives in a city, earns a lot of money and spends it doing fashionable things and buying expensive possessions 雅皮士（指高收入、喜欢追求时尚并购买昂贵物品的城市青年）
• They're just a couple of yuppies with more money than sense. 他们只不过是一对乱花钱的雅皮士而已。

Word: six-day

Word: rebut
Front: rebut
[rɪˈbʌt] (托 17936/19844)
Vocabulary: rebut
(once / 4979 pages)
v
To rebut is to argue against something. If your parents say you're too young and irresponsible to drive, you can rebut their claim by ticking off examples of your responsibility.
When you argue against something, you rebut that position or argument. Your school's principal might rebut your teacher's argument that the class is overcrowded by pointing out that there could legally be five more kids in the class. The teacher could rebut the principal's rebuttal by observing that there aren't enough books or seats for the kids in the classroom now. Rebut comes from an old French word rebuter, meaning "to thrust back."
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
rebut / refute
To rebut is to try to prove something isn't true, but to refute is to actually prove it isn't. Getting them mixed up won't get you kicked out of the debate club, but it's worth knowing the difference.
‎To rebut is more than just "to deny," it's a serious attempt to prove something is false. If you rebut something, you haven't necessarily won the argument; you've only presented your side of it:
A Jesuit priest has taken to YouTube and his blog to rebut arguments raised by British physicist Stephen Hawking. (Catholic News Service)
Baldwin has used his Twitter account to rebut criticism. (Washington Post)
Refute means to disprove something straight up. If you refute something, you successfully win the argument:
The hearing was unfortunately based on hearsay evidence that we were not able to refute by cross-examining anyone. (Eagle Tribune)
Daly refuted the report Monday, saying that only one general manager had expressed concern. (New York Times)
So, if you try to defeat an accusation, you rebut it. You still need to butt in again, so you re-but, as in "But wait! I can still prove it!" If you actually defeat the accusation, you have refuted it.
WORD FAMILY
rebut: rebuts, rebuttal, rebutted, rebutter, rebutting+/ rebuttal: rebuttals/rebutter: rebutters
USAGE EXAMPLES
That approach allows legislators to maximize what Honda calls “nagging” and minimize the witness’s ability to rebut their arguments.
Science Magazine(Dec 23, 2016)
Schultz, a former college quarterback and sportscaster, rebutted the notion that he or RT America were mouthpieces for the Kremlin.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
A Sakinah volunteer rebutted: “Saudi Arabia sets the model for Islam in the world. A war against Saudi Arabia is a war against Islam.”
Wall Street Journal(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 反驳，驳回; 击退
时态：rebutted, rebutting, rebuts
分布：反驳(89%)，举反证(11%)
→re-,向后，往回，-but,击，打，词源同 beat,batter.
[rɪ'bʌt] (-tt-) formal
verb transitive
■to argue that a statement or claim is not true 反驳；驳斥；驳回
• She has rebutted charges that she has been involved in any financial malpractice. 面对指控，她反驳说她没有参与任何金融营私舞弊案。
vt. 反驳；揭露；拒绝
 - reveal, negative, disclose, refuse, expose
vi. 反驳；揭露
 - open up, bring to light
n. 驳回；提出反证
 - disallowance

Word: karma
Front: karma
[ˈkɑ:mə] (17916/34835 -1)
Vocabulary: karma
(once / 5904 pages)
n
The Hindu and Buddhist concept karma is what will happen to you in your next life based on what you do in this life. Performing kind acts in this life gives you good karma for your next life.
To understand karma, it’s important to understand that in Hinduism and Buddhism, practitioners believe in reincarnation. Reincarnation is the idea that after you die, you are reborn into a new body and a new life. How good or bad that new life is depends on the karma you’ve accumulated in your previous lives. By this line of thinking, performing good acts in this life means that in your next life you might be born the princess of a tropical paradise.
WORD FAMILY
karma: karmas
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Call it chi, call it karma, hozho is how we understand our way in this world,” Martin said.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“On the one side, people are very familiar with Hindu concepts like karma or reincarnation” and practices like yoga, she said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
He doesn’t drink coffee, which was quite the reveal, but by that point in the evening, he’d built up enough good karma.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. <宗>（佛教和印度教的）业; 因果报应，因缘
分布：因果报应(53%)，命运(33%)，缘分(11%)，镍铬系精密级电阻材料(3%)
→来自梵语karma,行为，命运，来自kwer,做，履行，词源同ceremony,Sanskrit.在佛教用语指一个人今生所做的善事或恶行将决定他来生的命运，引申词义业，因果报应。
US ['kɑ:r-] noun uncountable
■(in the Buddhist and Hindu religions) the force produced by a person's actions in one of their lives which influences what happens to them in their future lives 羯磨，业，业障（佛教和印度教用语，认为人的行为发生后将引起来世的善恶报应）
UK ['kɑ:.mə] US ['kɑ:r-] noun uncountable
good/bad karma informal
■the good or bad general character or feeling among a group of people or in a place 风土人情（特定人群或特定地区人的性格以及他们的想法）
• In the early Sixties hippies arrived, attracted by the island's 'good karma' and physical beauty. 60年代初期嬉皮士来了，他们被岛国“美好的风土人情”和自然之美所吸引。
n. 因果报应，因缘
 - comeuppance, What goes around comes around.

Word: impurity
Front: impurity
[ɪmˈpjʊərəti] (六托 17928/15794)
Vocabulary: impurity
(once / 2396 pages)
n
An impurity is something that ruins the uncontaminated nature of something. If someone accuses you of impurity, they think you or your nature has been spoiled in some way by sin.
When water is pure, the only thing in that water is water. Add a contaminant, say salt or bleach, and you are introducing an impurity, something that turns the water impure. When used with people, the word has a religious overtone. Someone who is pure is unspoiled by sin. Think Snow White. If you convinced Snow White to rob a bank with you, you'd be spoiling her good nature with your wretched impurity.
WORD FAMILY
impurity: impurities+/impure: impurely, impureness, impurer, impurest, impurity / pure: impure, purely, pureness, purer, purest, purism, purity /purism: purisms, purist / purist: purists/ purity: purities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Winemakers also often use animal products, including gelatine or milk protein, to remove impurities.
BBC(Dec 07, 2016)
The buckets were first described as containing gold flakes, but actually, they held rough-edged bars, a mixture of scrap gold and impurities, from several locations.
New York Times(Dec 04, 2016)
This is supposed to remove nameless “impurities” from the soup, much as twisting in yoga positions is supposed to wring out “toxins.”
New York Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 污点，污染; 掺杂，不纯; 不道德，罪恶; 混杂物，粗劣品
分布：杂质(94%)，不纯(6%)
不纯;有罪(im+pur+ity)[Pur,purg=pure,表示"纯洁"]
【记】purity（n 纯净；纯度）
US [-'pjʊr.ə.tˌi] noun
MIXED 混杂
countable or uncountable
■when a substance is mixed with another substance and makes it dirty or lower in quality 杂质，不纯
• Impurities are removed from the blood by the kidneys. 肾脏将血液中的杂质去除。
• The impurity of the water is a health risk. 不洁的水质对健康是个威胁。
UK [ɪm'pjʊə.rɪ.ti] US [-'pjʊr.ə.tˌi] noun
BAD 劣质
uncountable literary or humorous
■sexual thoughts or behaviour that are wrong or not moral 不纯洁，淫秽
n. 杂质；不纯；不洁
 - foreign matters, nastiness

Word: nick
Front: nick
[nɪk] (宝 17704/2798 -2)
Vocabulary: nick
(once / 353 pages)
1nv 2v 3v 4n
A nick is a tiny cut or scratch. Your neighbor might be so proud and protective of his brand new car that even a nick in its paint would be deeply upsetting to him.
To make a nick is also to nick: you might accidentally nick your dog when you're cutting tangles and mats out of her fur, or nick yourself when you're gathering up pieces of a broken glass in the sink. Informally, you also nick someone when you cheat them out of some cash or nick something when you steal it. If help arrives "in the nick of time," it comes at the very last possible second.
WORD FAMILY
nick: nicked, nicking, nicks
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Intro: Yes, the producers managed to fit in a gratuitous shot of Nick in the shower.
Time(Jan 02, 2017)
Still, I think Man Utd will nick this one and keep Manchester City firmly in sight.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Nick Furman, a local cyclist and runner, helped him with his bicycling and swimming in a crash course on the sport.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 刻痕; 缺口; 〈英俚〉监狱; 〈美俚〉五分镍币
vt. 刻痕于; 割伤; 挑毛病; 〈英俚〉逮捕
vi. 刻痕; 狙击
时态：nicked, nicking, nicks
分布：刻痕(34%)，缺口(23%)，赶上(15%)，逮捕(15%)，情况(7%)，说中(3%)，偷盗(3%)
→词源不详，可能来自nock拼写变体，刻痕，缺口。俚语义监狱，警察局。
【记】读：你磕，你的头磕出了一个nick。
noun
CUT 切割
countable
■a small cut in a surface or an edge 刻痕；缺口
• Apart from a few nicks in the varnish, the guitar is in very good condition. 除了漆面上有几道划痕，吉他保养得很好。
[nɪk] noun
PRISON 监狱
the nick only singular UK slang
■prison 监狱
• He's been in the nick half his life. 他已经在牢里蹲了半辈子。
[nɪk] noun
CONDITION 状况
uncountable UK slang
■a stated condition, especially of health （尤指健康）状况
• He's in pretty good nick for a man of his age. 对他这个年纪的人来说，他的健康状况相当不错。
• The car really is in excellent nick. 这辆车性能相当不错。
[nɪk] noun
in the nick of time
■at the last possible moment 在紧要关头；在最后一刻
• We got there just in the nick of time. 我们刚好及时赶到那里。
[nɪk] verb transitive
STEAL 偷窃 UK informal
■to steal something 偷
• I've had my bike nicked again. 我的脚踏车又被偷了。
• All right, who's nicked my ruler? 好吧，是谁顺手牵羊拿走了我的尺子？
[nɪk] verb transitive
CATCH 抓获 UK slang
■If the police nick someone, they catch them for committing a crime 抓获，逮捕
• They nicked him for driving at seventy in a fifty speed limit area. 他因在限速50英里的区域内开到时速70英里而被他们逮捕。
[nɪk] verb transitive
CHARGE 收费 US informal
■to cheat someone or to charge them too much money 讹诈；收取过高费用
• $50 for a meal like that - we were nicked! 花50美元吃这样一顿饭？我们被骗了！
• If your bank account balance falls below the minimum, you'll be nicked for a $5 service charge. 如果你的银行存款余额低于这个底限，你就会被收取5美元的服务费。
[nɪk] verb transitive
CUT 切割
■to make a small cut in a surface or an edge 刻痕于；使有缺口
• Paintwork on the corner of a stairway tends to get nicked and scratched. 楼梯转角处的油漆往往容易被刮擦剥落。
vt. 刻痕于；挑毛病；用刻痕记
 - pick holes, pick at
n. 刻痕； [生化] 缺口
 - separation, gap, score
vi. 刻痕；狙击
 - score

Word: vandal
Front: vandal
[ˈvændl] (17938/12023 -1)
Vocabulary: vandal
(once / 5086 pages)
n
A vandal is someone who harms or destroys other people's property. Someone who paints graffiti on your door is a vandal.
Vandalizing is the damaging of someone else's possessions or property. A person who vandalizes is a vandal. A vandal doesn't steal, but they reduce the value of what someone owns by harming it. Vandals slash tires and key cars. Vandals paint on buildings. Vandals break windows. A vandal might have a grudge against a particular person, or sometimes teenagers become vandals out of boredom. The worst kind of vandal might be the kind who desecrates tombstones.
WORD FAMILY
vandal: vandalise, vandalism, vandalize, vandals+/ vandalism: vandalisms/vandalize: vandalized, vandalizes, vandalizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The vandal or vandals drew the swastika symbol with the arms facing the wrong direction, said Lt.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Police are investigating after vandals spray-painted swastikas and racist language on a Little League complex in Virginia.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
The broad storefront windows that let in such wonderful natural light also attracted vandals, so Mr. Ichihashi kept the gate closed.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 故意毁坏文物者，破坏他人财产者
adj. 破坏文化艺术的
分布：破坏他人或公共财产者(100%)
→来自拉丁语Vandalus,日耳曼部落名，于公元455年将罗马洗劫一空，因而引申该词义。
noun countable
■a person who intentionally damages property belonging to other people 故意破坏他人财产者
• Vandals smashed windows and overturned cars in the downtown shopping district. 捣乱分子在市中心的商业区砸烂窗户并掀翻汽车。

Word: sweating
Front: sweating
['swetɪŋ] (16777/20470)
Back: n. 发汗
v. （使）出汗( sweat的现在分词 ); （使）流汗; （使）发汗; 焖
分布：发汗(91%)，动词sweat的现在分词形式.(9%)
N-UNCOUNT
汗;汗水;汗液
Sweat is the salty colourless liquid which comes through your skin when you are hot, ill, or afraid.
例：Both horse and rider were dripping with sweat within five minutes...没过五分钟，马和骑手都大汗淋漓。
例：He wiped the sweat off his face and looked around...他擦了擦脸上的汗水并四处张望。
VERB
出汗;流汗;发汗
When you sweat, sweat comes through your skin.
例：Already they were sweating as the sun beat down upon them.在阳光的强烈照射下他们已经汗流浃背。
N-COUNT
满身大汗
If someone is in a sweat, they are sweating a lot.
例：Every morning I would break out in a sweat...每天早上我都会出一身汗。
例：Cool down very gradually after working up a sweat...大量出汗后要慢慢降温。
N-PLURAL
同 sweatsuit 或 sweatpants
Sweats are the same as a sweatsuit or sweatpants .
PHRASE
冒冷汗，出冷汗(指感到害怕或难堪)
If someone is in a cold sweat or in a sweat, they feel frightened or embarrassed.
例：The very thought brought me out in a cold sweat.一想到这我就一身冷汗。
PHRASE
焦急地等待
If someone sweats it out, they wait anxiously for a situation to improve or be resolved, because they cannot do anything about it.
例：The islanders can do little but sweat it out, wondering whether they will be forced to go and seek a new life elsewhere.岛民不知道自己是否要被迫去往他处另谋生路，但却无能为力，只好干等。
CONVENTION
没什么;小事一桩
If a person says no sweat when you ask them about something or ask them to do something, they mean that it is not a problem or that it can be done quickly or easily.
例：'Many thanks.' — 'No sweat. Anything else?'...“非常感谢。”——“没什么，还需要别的吗？”
例：No-one minds that she's a woman, that's no sweat at all.没有人在意她是个女人，这完全没有关系。
n. 发汗（等于exudation）
 - diaphoresis, sudation

Word: groupie
Front: groupie
[ˈgru:pi] (17932/38834)
Back: n. 流行乐队迷，想与流行乐队成员发生性关系的少女
分布：流行乐队迷(72%)，狂热追随者(28%)
→来自group的俚语义，流行乐团。
noun countable
■a person who likes a particular popular singer or other famous person and follows them to try to meet them, especially in order to have sex with them （尤指想与所喜爱的歌星或名人发生性关系的）追星者，狂热追随者

Word: infighting
Front: infighting
[ˈɪnfaɪtɪŋ] (17941/33612)
Back: n. 内讧，内部纠纷，勾心斗角
分布：内讧(84%)，激烈争斗(16%)
→in-,在内，在里，fight,打架。引申词义内讧。
US [-tˌɪŋ] noun uncountable
■competition between people within a group, especially to improve their own position or to get agreement for their ideas （集团内部的）暗斗
• political infighting 政治斗争
• Years of infighting among the leaders have destroyed the party. 领导人之间长期的勾心斗角毁掉了整个政党。
n. 暗斗；混战；接近战
 - melee, mix-up

Word: steeple
Front: steeple
[ˈsti:pl] (宝 17934/20392 -1)
Vocabulary: steeple
(once / 1746 pages)
n
A steeple is a very tall tower that gets smaller and smaller as it goes up. Many churches have steeples. Steeples are really tall so people can find the church from anywhere in town.
Steeples have been around since the Middle Ages. The word itself comes from Middle English for “high tower.” A steeple on top of a church or temple makes it stand out in a crowd, and it also points right up to heaven. There’s a steeple on almost every church, but if you want to see a really big one, check out the one on the Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris.
WORD FAMILY
steeple: steeples
USAGE EXAMPLES
Officials cleared a 50-foot perimeter around the church, fearing the steeple may collapse from the fire.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
A more accurate description reflecting the city’s Catholic heritage would be “the City of 1,000 Steeples.”
Washington Times(Dec 08, 2016)
The white steeple church dates to 1775 and sits on a steep road leading from Brown University’s main campus on College Hill to downtown Providence.
Washington Times(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: n. （教堂的）尖塔，尖顶; （女用）尖塔形头巾
分布：尖塔(100%)
→来自古英语 stepel,高塔，词源同 steep,高耸的，-el,小词后缀。引申词义教堂的尖塔。
noun countable
■a pointed structure on the top of a church tower, or the tower and the pointed structure considered as one unit （教堂的）尖顶；尖塔
• a church steeple 教堂的尖顶
n. 尖塔； [建] 尖顶
 - minaret, spire

Word: summation
Front: summation
[sʌˈmeɪʃn] (宝 17935/22533)
Vocabulary: summation
(once / 17881 pages)
n
A summation is a final review or conclusion, often given in a court of law. As the incompetent lawyer approached the bench for the final time, he told the judge and jury, "In summation, my client is guilty of all charges."
At the end of every court case, both the defense and prosecution give a summation — a quick rundown of all the facts from the case to help the jury decide on a verdict. When used outside of the courtroom, summation simply means recounting a group of items or events. At the end of a father-son camping trip, the son gives his mother a summation of the trip. You'll note that summation begins with the prefix sum-, meaning "to add up." In fact, another definition for summation is the process of adding things together, or the final sum.
WORD FAMILY
summation: summational, summations+/ sum: summate, summation, summed, summing, sums/summate: summated, summating
USAGE EXAMPLES
They are, in a perfectly academic summation, “demoralizing but informative.”
Slate(Dec 22, 2016)
The press briefing room at the White House was so crowded for Obama’s final end-of-year summation that one journalist fainted and required medical attention.
The Guardian(Dec 16, 2016)
Two artists present summations of a sort, both in the form of common art-museum offerings.
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. 总和; 加在一起; 总结; 概括
分布：总和(50%)，总结(44%)，加法(4%)，有代表性的整体(2%)
→来自 sum,总结，概括，-ation,名词后缀。
总数(summ+ation)[sum,summ=addup,表示"总,加"]
N-COUNT
总结;概要;概括
A summation is a summary of what someone has said or done.
例：Her introduction is a model of fairness, a lively summation of Irish history.她的导论是客观公正的典范，是对爱尔兰历史的生动概括。
n. 和； [生理] 总和；合计
 - together with, grand total

Word: intoxication
Front: intoxication
[ɪnˌtɒksɪ'keɪʃn] (托 17843/23796)
Back: n. 陶醉
分布：中毒(82%)，陶醉(16%)，喝醉(2%)
US [-ˌtɑ:k-] noun uncountable
■the condition of being drunk 醉酒
• He used to claim that he had his best ideas after several days of intoxication. 他过去常说他最高明的主意都是在连醉几天后想出来的。
■a strong feeling of excitement or happiness 陶醉，兴奋
• The feeling of intoxication that followed her victory was cut short by her father's sudden death. 父亲的突然去世打断了胜利带给她的狂喜。
n. [内科] 中毒；陶醉；喝醉
 - poisoning, toxicosis

Word: child-rearing
Front: child-rearing
['tʃɑɪld rɪəˌrɪŋ] None
Back: [法] 养育子女，抚养子女
分布：抚养孩子(100%)
US [-'rɪr-] noun uncountable
■the practice of looking after children until they are old enough to look after themselves 养育子女
• Why shouldn't a woman have a job after years of child-rearing? 女性养育孩子多年后为甚么不应该有份工作呢？

Word: smock
Front: smock
[smɒk] (17907/20511)
Back: n. 工作服
时态：smocked, smocking, smocks
分布：工作服(62%)，罩(38%)
US [smɑ:k] noun countable
■a piece of clothing like a long shirt which is worn loosely over other clothing to protect it when working, or a piece of women's clothing that is similar to this 工作服，女装罩衫
• an artist's smock 艺术家的工作服
n. 工作服；罩衫
 - overall, workwear

Word: oppressor
Front: oppressor
[əˈpresə(r)] (17937/20305)
Vocabulary: oppressor
(once / 1739 pages)
n
An oppressor is any authority (a group or a person) that uses its power unjustly to keep people under control. Many rebellious teenagers view their parents as oppressors, but the word is usually used to refer to dictators.
While you might complain about your oppressor, the teacher who makes you stay late to catch up on assignments you missed, a true oppressor denies basic human rights to people who live under their control. Before Partition in 1947, the citizens of India mostly viewed their British rulers as oppressors — in some cases, Indian farmers were forced by the British to grow non-food crops, causing thousands to starve. The Latin root is opprimere, "to crush or subdue."
WORD FAMILY
oppressor: oppressors+/ oppress: oppressed, oppresses, oppressing, oppression, oppressive, oppressor / oppression: oppressions/ oppressive: oppressively, oppressiveness
USAGE EXAMPLES
His parents, with no sense of their designated role as oppressors, let his punk band practice in their house.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
He said, “I also learned that the oppressor is always afraid.”
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
I am always amazed by this "colonial" mentality that the oppressors hold their model way of life is the desired one.
New York Times(Aug 20, 2016)
Back: n. 压迫者，暴君
分布：压迫者(74%)，压制者(26%)
→来自oppress,压制，压迫，-or,人。即压迫者，引申词义暴君。
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■someone who treats people in an unfair and cruel way and prevents them from having opportunities and freedom 压迫者；压制者；暴君
• Sisters, we must rise up and defeat our oppressors. 姐妹们，我们必须起来打败压迫我们的人。
n. 压制者，压迫者
 - strangler

Word: tiresome
Front: tiresome
[ˈtaɪəsəm] (研六 17944/13772 -1)
Back: adj. 令人生厌的; 无聊的
分布：讨厌的(72%)，令人厌倦的(28%)
a.使人厌倦的,讨厌的The tiresome pirate sounded siren and let off fireworks.讨厌的海盗鸣汽笛放焰火.
US ['taɪr-] adjective
■boring or annoying; making you lose patience 令人厌倦的；使人不耐烦的
• I find it very tiresome doing the same job day after day. 我觉得日复一日地做同样的工作令人非常厌烦。
• He has the tiresome habit of finishing your sentences for you. 他喜欢接别人还没说完的话，这个习惯很叫人讨厌。
adj. 烦人的，无聊的；令人讨厌的
 - terrible, boring

Word: demographer
Front: demographer
[dɪ'mɒɡrəfə(r)] (17942/38918)
Back: n. 人口统计学家
分布：人口统计学家(100%)
US [-'mɑ:.grə.fɚ] noun countable
■a person who studies changes in numbers of births, marriages, deaths, etc. in an area over a period of time 人口统计学家

Word: rhododendron
Front: rhododendron
[ˌrəʊdəˈdendrən] (17896/19333 -1)
Back: n. 杜鹃花; [植]杜鹃花属
分布：杜鹃花(100%)
→来自希腊语 rhododendron,玫瑰树，来自希腊语 rhodon,玫瑰，词源同 rose,dendron,树，词源 同 tree,dentrology.
US [ˌroʊ-] noun countable
■a large evergreen (= never losing its leaves) bush with large usually bright pink, purple or white flowers 杜鹃花属植物；杜鹃
• a rhododendron bush 杜鹃花丛
n. [园艺] 杜鹃花
 - azalea

Word: co-found
Front: co-found
None None
Back: v. 共同创立
[网络] 共同创办
分布：共同创立(100%)

Word: riparian
Front: riparian
[raɪˈpeəriən] (17770/-)
Vocabulary: riparian
(once / 43776 pages)
adj
Riparian refers to anything located on or related to the banks of a river, such as riparian wildlife.
The roots of the word riparian are related to rivers, and that's exactly what this word refers to: riparian things have something to do with the banks of a river or stream. A person selling fishing lures by the river has a riparian business. A frog that lives by the river bank is a riparian critter. A riparian state is located alongside a river.
WORD FAMILY
riparian
USAGE EXAMPLES
In contrast to many countries, liberal Paraguay lets anyone purchase riparian property to set one up.
Economist(Dec 20, 2016)
But with no predator to keep them in check, elk multiplied, overgrazing the land and riparian zones.
Seattle Times(Sep 29, 2016)
India wants to increase dam-building on its side, something that could affect the flow of water to lower riparian Pakistan.
Wall Street Journal(Sep 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 河边的，水滨的; 河岸拥有人
分布：河岸的(67%)，生于河岸的(33%)
→来自拉丁语 ripa,河岸，海岸，来自 rei,撕，砍，刮，词源同 rive,river,rift.
adj. 河边的；水滨的
 - riverine

Word: schism
Front: schism
[ˈskɪzəm] (托宝 17948/20583)
Vocabulary: schism
(once / 2121 pages)
n
The sound of the word schism reminds some people of the sound of a piece of paper being torn in two; which makes sense –– when a group has a big fight and the group is torn in two, that's a schism.
Although the Spanish club could have a schism over taco night versus tamale fest, schism often refers to splits in the church. You might have heard of the Great Schism of 1074, when the eastern Christian church, headquartered in Byzantium (now Istanbul), broke away from the western one headquartered in Rome.
WORD FAMILY
schism: schismatic, schismatical, schisms+/schismatic: schismatically
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is hard to keep track of the various alliances and schisms.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Ahead of the hundred-year anniversary of the October Revolution next year, Putin warned against similar actions to create “schisms, animosity, resentments” in the national unity.
The Guardian(Dec 01, 2016)
But a continuing estrangement with the group would raise the prospect of a permanent schism.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: n. 教会分立，分裂
分布：分裂(69%)，分立(22%)，分歧(9%)
→来自希腊语 schisma,分开，裂缝，来自 skhizein,分开，裂开，来自 skei,切，分，词源同 shed,scythe,schedule.原指欧洲的基督教教会分裂活动，后词义通用化。
分裂(schi[=schist分裂]+ism参考:schiz精神分裂症者)[-ism名词1.表示"主义,宗教"2.表示"学术,流派"3.表示"行为,现象,状态"4.表示"疾病"5.表示"具备某种牲质"]
【记】sch＝school，ism主义：学校主义就是在班里有很多小集团－分裂
【参】schismatic（adj 分裂的；n 分裂者）
【反】accord（n 一致；符合）
noun countable
■a division into two groups caused by a disagreement about ideas, especially in a religious organization （尤指教会的）分裂
• a schism in/within the Church 基督教教会内部的分裂
n. 分裂；分裂教会罪
 - disrupture, disjuncture

Word: preoperative
Front: preoperative
[prɪ'ɒpərətɪv] (18068/31113)
Vocabulary: preoperative
(once / 358161 pages)
adj
Anything that happens before a patient has surgery is preoperative. Your preoperative instructions might include not eating or drinking anything for several hours.
People who have their wisdom teeth or their tonsils removed are given a preoperative checklist to help them prepare for the operation. These patients usually have preoperative medication that makes them sleepy or unconscious during the procedure. Doctors and nurses follow preoperative instructions of their own, including hand washing and preparing the site of the surgery.
WORD FAMILY
operative: inoperative, operatively, operatives, postoperative, preoperative +/ inoperable: inoperably/interoperable: interoperability/ operable: inoperable, interoperable/ operate: operable, operated, operates, operating, operation, operative, operator / operation: operational, operations/ operational: nonoperational, operationalism, operationally/operationalism: operationalist/ operator: operators/postoperative: postoperatively
USAGE EXAMPLES
Even though it is a relatively simple procedure, all of the surgeons who utilize the procedure I represent receive preoperative training.
Washington Post(Nov 17, 2016)
Word had gotten around that he was dating a preoperative transgender woman, and rumors swirled that Winchell was gay.
Washington Post(Nov 17, 2016)
The surgeon, with whom he had not previously worked, refused all preoperative training, including watching a video, on a new $10,000 hip replacement system.
Washington Post(Nov 14, 2016)
Back: adj. 外科手术前的
分布：外科手术前的(100%)

Word: sentimentality
Front: sentimentality
[ˌsentɪmenˈtæləti] (17949/18455)
Vocabulary: sentimentality
(once / 2987 pages)
n
Sentimentality is a quality of being overly, dramatically emotional — sad or loving or nostalgic. Your sentimentality on her eightieth birthday might make your down-to-earth grandmother roll her eyes.
When your emotions go overboard, becoming a little theatrical or false, that's sentimentality. A person's sentimentality might come in handy if a job as a greeting card writer opens up, or a role in a community theater's production of "Les Misérables." Sentimentality comes from the adjective sentimental, which is rooted in the Medieval Latin sentimentum, "feeling, affection or opinion."
WORD FAMILY
sentimentality: sentimentalities+/ presentiment: presentiments/ sentiment: presentiment, sentimental, sentimentise, sentimentize, sentiments/ sentimental: sentimentalest, sentimentalise, sentimentalism, sentimentality, sentimentalize, sentimentally, unsentimental/sentimentalise: sentimentalisation, sentimentalised, sentimentalises, sentimentalising/sentimentalism: sentimentalisms, sentimentalist/sentimentalist: sentimentalists/sentimentalization: sentimentalizations/sentimentalize: sentimentalization, sentimentalized, sentimentalizes, sentimentalizing/unsentimental: unsentimentally
USAGE EXAMPLES
There was no sentimentality Saturday in a game that turned ugly late.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
To its partial credit, the show resists this easy sentimentality.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
It’s easy to become cynical about our annual onslaught of Christmas kitsch, to resent the way seasonal sentimentality is used as a sales tactic.
Slate(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 多愁善感，感伤癖
分布：多愁善感(79%)，伤感(21%)
→sentimental,伤感的，多愁善感的，-ity,名词后缀。
ADJ-GRADED
感伤的;多情的;多愁善感的
Someone or something that is sentimental feels or shows pity or love, sometimes to an extent that is considered exaggerated and foolish.
例：I'm trying not to be sentimental about the past...我努力不让自己表现得感怀过去。
例：It's a very sentimental play.这是一部十分煽情的戏。
ADJ
情感(上)的;(尤指)(出于)怀旧的
Sentimental means relating to or involving feelings such as pity or love, especially for things in the past.
例：Our paintings and photographs are of sentimental value only...我们的画作和照片仅有纪念价值。
例：Perhaps he has returned for sentimental reasons.也许他是出于情感上的原因才回来的。
n. 多愁善感
 - wertherism, soupiness

Word: far-off
Front: far-off
[ˈfɑ:ˈɔf] None
Back: adj. 遥远的; 偏僻
分布：遥远的(72%)，远方的(28%)
US [-'rɑ:f] adjective
■describes a time that is a long way from the present, or in the distant past or future （时间）遥远的，久远的
• some point in the far-off future 遥远未来的某个时刻
■describes a place that is a great distance away （地方）远的，遥远的
adj. 遥远的
 - distant, remote, faraway

Word: lithe
Front: lithe
[laɪð] (托宝 17946/21742)
Vocabulary: lithe
(once / 1710 pages)
adj
Have you ever seen people who can bend so easily, they can touch their heels to the back of their heads? That person is, in a word, lithe.
Lithe comes to us from Old English and originally meant "mild, meek." As a meek person bends to the will of others, the meaning of lithe has broadened to flexible and even graceful. Think of a dancer or the ease of a sleek cat when you think of lithe. You can use it to describe a person or the way someone moves.
WORD FAMILY
lithe: lithely, litheness, lither, lithesome, lithest+/ lithesome: lithesomely
USAGE EXAMPLES
Robinson, a lithe shooting guard with a quick release, spent one year at Williams, an N.C.A.A.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
His customarily lithe bass-baritone skews here toward an inky, glowering darkness, and his interpretation throughout is freighted with tragic import.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
In the era of hip-hop yoga and handstands on Instagram, it’s easy to associate yoga with impossibly lithe and limber young people.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 柔软的，易弯曲的; 绵; 轻盈
分布：柔软的(60%)，易弯的(20%)，轻盈的(20%)
→来自lent,弯曲，词源同linden,relent,可能进一步来自le,松开，放开，词源同let,lenient.
【记】li＝like，the是“神”的词根：象神一样会变－身体柔软的。
【区】blithe（adj 愉快的；高兴的）
【反】awkward（adj 难使用的；笨拙的）；inelastic（adj 无弹性的）
adjective
■young, healthy, attractive and able to move and bend smoothly 柔韧而优雅的，轻巧自如的
• He had the lithe, athletic body of a ballet dancer. 他的身体像芭蕾舞演员一样柔韧优雅。
adj. 轻盈的（等于lithesome）；柔软的；易弯曲的
 - flexible, soft, tender

Word: tarragon
Front: tarragon
[ˈtærəgən] (17877/28818)
Back: n. 龙嵩，龙嵩叶; 龙蒿
分布：龙蒿(78%)，龙蒿叶(22%)
US [-gɑ:n] noun uncountable
■a plant with whitish flowers whose narrow leaves are used in cooking as a herb which has a taste similar to liquorice 龙蒿（开白色花，其狭长叶可用作烹饪香料，味同甘草）
n. 龙嵩叶（可做调味香料）； [食品] 龙蒿（艾的一种）
 - estragon

Word: refrigerated
Front: refrigerated
[rɪf'rɪdʒəreɪtɪd] (17952/23960)
Back: v. 冷藏( refrigerate的过去式和过去分词 ); 冷冻
分布：冷冻的(66%)，冷却的(23%)，动词refrigerate的过去式和过去分词.(11%)
VERB
（常指为了保存食物而将其）冷藏
If you refrigerate food, you make it cold, for example by putting it in a fridge, usually in order to preserve it.
例：Refrigerate the dough overnight.将面团冷藏过夜。
例：...a lorry with refrigerated cargo.装有冷藏货物的卡车
adj. 冷冻的，冷却的
 - cooling, cryogenic

Word: accede
Front: accede
[əkˈsi:d] (宝 17950/14526)
Vocabulary: accede
(once / 569 pages)
1v 2v 3v
If you accede, it means you agree with someone or give in to his or her wish. The word is often used in a political context — the Queen acceded to the Prince's demands for more territory, a larger army, and funnier jesters.
Accede can also be used for everyday situations. If you accede to your mother's request that you come home before ten, it means you'll be missing that midnight movie with your friends. Accede comes from the Latin accedere, meaning to "approach or enter upon." It differs slightly from concede, which also means consent, but a more reluctant kind. If you were to concede to your mom's 10 PM curfew rather than accede to it, you'd be doing so against your will.
WORD FAMILY
accede: acceded, accedes, acceding, accession +/ accession: accessional, accessioned, accessioning, accessions
USAGE EXAMPLES
Republicans, however, were divided, with at least two GOP lawmakers reluctant to accede to the White House requests.
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
Robredo’s husband died in a plane crash in 2012, and she later acceded to widespread calls for her to enter politics.
The Guardian(Dec 05, 2016)
Panama, for example, which has more than 18% of the world's registered tonnage, acceded to the convention only in October, owing to strong industry lobbying.
Nature(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: vi. （正式）加入; 答应; （通过财产的添附而）增加; 开始任职
时态：acceded, acceding, accedes
分布：加入(58%)，同意(22%)，继承(10%)，即位(10%)
→前缀ac-同ad-, 在字母c开头词根前同化为ac.词根ced, 走。走过去的，同意。
答应,同意(ac+cede→和别人走在一起→答应)[ced,ceed,cess=go,表示"行走,前进"]
【参】concede（v 让步），recede（v 后退，撤退）
【反】demur（vi 提出异议；反对）mur墙：竖起一道墙－反对
verb
  Phrasal Verbs  accede to sth formal
■to agree to do what people have asked you to do 同意，应允
• He graciously acceded to our request. 他很通情达理，同意了我们的请求。
• It is doubtful whether the government will ever accede to the nationalists' demands for independence. 难以预料政府是否会同意民族主义者的独立要求。
accede to the throne/accede to power
■to become king or queen, or to take a position of power 即位，登基／就任，任职
• The diaries were written in 1837 when Queen Victoria acceded to the throne. 日记写于1837年，时值维多利亚女王即位。
vi. 加入；同意；就任
 - grant, join in

Word: carry-on
Front: carry-on
['kærɪ ɒn] None
Back: n. 手提行李
adj. 手提的
分布：随身行李(50%)，携带的(25%)，随身的(25%)
US ['ker.i.ɑ:n/ UK [ˌ--'-] noun
BEHAVIOUR 行为
only singular UK informal
■behaviour that shows you are annoyed, worried, not satisfied or excited, usually more than the situation deserves 过度的反应；大惊小怪
• There was a real carry-on when Pat was found kissing Ashley. 当大家发现派特吻阿什莉时很是大惊小怪。
UK ['kær.i.ɒn] US ['ker.i.ɑ:n/ UK [ˌ--'-] noun
LUGGAGE 行李
countable (plural carry-ons) mainly US a small piece of luggage that you take onto a plane with you （登机时的）手提行李，随身行李
UK ['kær.i.ɒn] US ['ker.i.ɑ:n/ UK [ˌ--'-] adjective [before noun] mainly US
■relating to things that you take onto a plane with you （乘飞机时）随身携带的
• All carry-on luggage must be stored under your seat or in the overhead compartments. 所有随身携带的行李都必须放在座位底下或头顶上方的行李舱中。
n. 手提行李，随身行李
 - hand baggage, hang-luggage

Word: scorecard
Front: scorecard
[ˈskɔ:kɑ:d] (17908/39967)
Back: n. 记分卡
分布：记分卡(100%)
US ['skɔ:r.kɑ:rd] noun countable
■a small card for recording the score while watching or taking part in a game, race or competition 记分卡

Word: sizeable
Front: sizeable
[ˈsaɪzəbl] (17955/8472 -1)
Back: adj. 相当大的
分布：相当大的(94%)，=sizable.(6%)
→size,大小，规模，-able,形容词后缀。引申比喻义上规模的，相当大的。
(also sizable) ['saɪ.zə.bl] adjective
■large 大的，相当大的
• a sizeable amount/area/house 大量／大面积／大房子
adj. 大的，相当大的
 - larger, considerable, big

Word: low-lying
Front: low-lying
[ˈləʊˌlaɪɪŋ] None
Back: adj. 低的，低洼的
分布：地势低洼的(67%)，低标高的(33%)
US [ˌloʊ-] adjective
■describes land that is at or near the level of the sea （土地）低洼的，低的
• People living in low-lying areas were evacuated because of the floods. 居住在低洼地区的人们因洪水而被疏散。

Word: filet
Front: filet
[fɪ'leɪ] (17951/-)
Back: n. 方网眼的网，方网眼花边; 肉片
分布：肉片(38%)，鱼片(30%)，网格状花边(13%)，束发带(13%)，用束发带系起(6%)
US [fɪ'leɪ] noun countable verb transitive US for fillet
n. 肉片；鱼片；（猪、牛等的）里脊
 - cutlet, fillet

Word: submissive
Front: submissive
[səbˈmɪsɪv] (托 17954/19364)
Vocabulary: submissive
(once / 1423 pages)
adj
When animals live in packs, one animal is usually the dominant leader, while the others fall into more submissive roles. To be submissive is to obey or yield to someone else.
When you are submissive, you submit to someone else's will, which literally, you put your own desires lower than theirs. You can see this in the Latin root of submit, submittere, which is formed by sub- "under" + mittere "send, put."
WORD FAMILY
submissive: submissively, submissiveness, unsubmissive+/resubmit: resubmits, resubmitted, resubmitting/ submission: submissions/ submit: resubmit, submission, submissive, submits, submitted, submitter, submitting/submitter: submitters
USAGE EXAMPLES
Leia, it’s worth remembering, murders Jabba by choking him with the very chains that were supposed to keep her submissive.
Time(Dec 27, 2016)
These women are not in any way submissive or passive.
The New Yorker(Dec 23, 2016)
“The Port Authority needs to work with the governors, but it should not be submissive to either one of them.”
New York Times(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: adj. 顺从的，唯命是从的; 柔顺; 帖; 贴
分布：顺从的(68%)，服从的(32%)
→submission,屈服，投降，-ive,形容词后缀。
恭顺的(sub+miss给→ive→在下面给→恭顺的)[sub-①表示"在下面,次一等,副手"②表示"接近,靠近"]
服从的(sub+miss+ive)[Miss,mit=send,cast,表示"送,放出"]
【反】recalcitrant（adj 反抗的）
adjective
■describes someone who allows themselves to be controlled by other people 顺从的，温顺的，听话的
• He was looking for a quiet submissive wife who would obey his every word. 他想找一个温顺娴静的妻子，对他百依百顺。
adj. 顺从的；服从的；柔顺的
 - followed, subject, compliant, obedient

Word: salmonella
Front: salmonella
[ˌsælməˈnelə] (15866/21814)
Vocabulary: salmonella
(once / 12429 pages)
n
Salmonella is a type of bacteria that causes food poisoning or even typhoid fever in people and their pets. If you eat something contaminated with salmonella, you’ll get cramps, diarrhea, and a fever for a few days. Yuk!
Salmonella has nothing to do with salmon. It’s named after the American scientist Daniel E. Salmon (1850-1914), who isolated this type of Gram-negative enterobacteria in 1885. It's not good to eat raw eggs or meat because cooking kills bacteria such as salmonella. Salmonella also causes typhoid fever — people with typhoid fever can spread it around by accident, like Typhoid Mary did in the 1800’s, when she served food that made a lot of people sick.
WORD FAMILY
salmonella
USAGE EXAMPLES
Supermarket chain Aldi is recalling a king prawn product after two batches were found to contain salmonella.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
The DuPont business manufactures detection and testing methods to discover harmful bacteria in foods including E.coli, listeria and salmonella.
Washington Times(Dec 15, 2016)
The case began in 2006, as doctors around the country reported severe gastrointestinal illnesses caused by salmonella.
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 沙门氏菌
分布：沙门氏菌(100%)
→来自这种细菌的发现者 20 世纪初美国外科医生 Daniel E.Salmon,后为表达对他的敬意而以其 名字命名。-elle,小词后缀。
noun uncountable
■a type of bacteria that exists in several forms, some of which live in food and make the people who eat it ill 沙门氏菌
• salmonella poisoning 沙门氏菌中毒
■the illness caused by this bacteria 沙门氏菌病
• an outbreak of salmonella 沙门氏菌病爆发

Word: aggregate
Front: aggregate
[ˈægrɪgət] (托雅宝 12841/5505 -2)
Vocabulary: aggregate
(once / 825 pages)
nadjv
To aggregate is to collect many units into one. If you're writing a novel, you might create a character who is an aggregate of five or six real people.
Aggregate comes from the Latin verb aggregare, which means to add to. As a verb it means to collect into a mass or whole. You can also use it as an adjective, as in your aggregate sales for February, March and April. It can also be a noun. The mountain of foam in bubble bath is an aggregate of small bubbles. If you plan to work in economics or business, expect to see the word aggregate quite a lot.
WORD FAMILY
aggregate: aggregated, aggregately, aggregates, aggregating, aggregation, aggregative, aggregator+/ aggregation: aggregations/aggregator: aggregators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Fitbit provided data showing daily step count estimates, based on aggregated and anonymized average data from over 10 million users nationwide.
Time(Dec 23, 2016)
In Wisconsin the week before the election the aggregate of polls at Real Clear Politics showed Mrs. Clinton up more than six points.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 22, 2016)
If it were really true that some of the keenest minds in psychology were doing research wrong, then the aggregate effect would be enormous.
Slate(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 合计; 聚集体; 骨料; 集料（可成混凝土或修路等用的）
adj. 总数的，总计的; 聚合的; [地]聚成岩的
vt. 使聚集，使积聚; 总计达
时态：aggregated, aggregating, aggregates
分布：集料(55%)，总计(18%)，总的(17%)，合计的(7%)，进球总数(3%)
→前缀ag-同ad-, 向，往。词根greg, 来自词根gre的反复格，gre, 集合，合围，同garden, 围起来的院子。
合计;聚集(ag增加+greg+ate→增加团体→聚集)[greg=group,表示"群体"]
【记】ag作，greg＝group团体，ate动词后缀－做成团体－聚集
【区】aggravate：身上被切了a个v型口－加重aggregate：eg读：一个－聚集成一个！
【参】gregarious（adj 喜社交的）；egregious（adj 异乎寻常的）
【反】isolated units（分离的单位）；disperse（v 使分散）coalesce（v 接合）－disaggregate（v 使崩溃；分解）disaggregate（v 使崩溃；分解）－join together（结合）
noun countable or uncountable /ˈæg.rɪ.gət/
■something formed by adding together several amounts or things; a total 聚集体，集成体；总数，合计
• They purchased an aggregate of 3000 shares in the company. 他们总共买了这家公司的3000股股票。
• Snowflakes are loose aggregates of ice crystals. 雪花是冰晶松散的凝聚体。
• Arsenal lost the second game, but got through to the final on aggregate (= adding together the goals in both matches). 兵工厂队虽然输了第二场比赛，但是凭借进球总数进入了决赛。
adjective [before noun] /ˈæg.rɪ.gət/
■total 合计的，总的；总数的
• The seven companies have an aggregate turnover of £5.2 million. 这七家公司的总营业额为520万英镑。
verb transitive /ˈæg.rɪ.geɪt/
■to combine into a single group or total 使聚集，使积聚
vi. [数] 集合； [物化] [无脊椎] 聚集；合计
 - amount, concentrate, collect, mass, crowd
vt. [数] 集合； [物化] [无脊椎] 聚集；合计
 - assemble, sum
n. 合计； [物化] [数] 集合体； [会计] 总计
 - collective, all told
adj. [植] [无脊椎] [地质] 聚合的； [数] 集合的；合计的
 - collective, polymeric

Word: equivalence
Front: equivalence
[ɪ'kwɪvələns] (17793/13194)
Vocabulary: equivalence
(once / 25310 pages)
n
If you were having trouble choosing between chocolate cake and an ice cream sundae because you love both equally, you might say these two treats have an equivalence.
The noun equivalence describes the state of being equal, and it can be used any time things are basically interchangeable. If you came down with a stomach bug and there were three different medicines your doctor could prescribe — any one of them being likely to cure you — they would have an equivalence. In math, the word equivalence comes up a lot, and it's always represented by an equal sign.
WORD FAMILY
equivalence: equivalences, nonequivalence+/ equivalent: equivalence, equivalently, equivalents, nonequivalent
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It’s a simple equivalence: we’ve modernised it. And with this one, we needed someone who was iconic ... she’s become like Napoleon.”
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
He also employed the specious tactic of false equivalence, which was used devastatingly in this election.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Now, more than ever, we must be extra wary of false equivalence, extra attuned to the insidious process of normalizing the abnormal.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. （力量等的）均等; 相等; 相当; 等价
分布：等值(80%)，相等(20%)
同值;等量(epui平等+val+ence→同等价值)[vail,val=strong,表示"强壮"]
N-UNCOUNT
（用途、功能、尺寸、价值等）相等，对等，相同
If there is equivalence between two things, they have the same use, function, size, or value.
例：...the equivalence of science and rationality.科学和理性的对等
n. 等值；相等
 - equation, equivalent value

Word: boat
Front: boat
[bəʊt] (中高雅 1231/1303 -K4)
Vocabulary: boat
(once / 37 pages)
1nv 2n
A boat is a water craft, a vessel that floats and can be propelled through the water. If you buy a private island, you'll need a boat to get there.
A lobster boat travels across ocean bays powered by a small motor, and a sail boat is moved by the wind hitting its sails at a particular angle. A much smaller type of boat is a gravy boat, a boat-shaped serving dish that holds a sauce. Boat is sometimes used as a verb, meaning "to go out in a boat." The Old English root is bat, "ship or vessel," from a Germanic source.
WORD FAMILY
boat: boated, boater, boating, boats+/boater: boaters/boating: boatings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Finally, as the turtle slowed down, he positioned the boat near the fatigued animal.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Rickety boats ferry small groups of migrants to Curacao, Bonaire and other Caribbean islands a short distance from Venezuela’s north coast.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
More amused than chastened, Mills said, “It’s two captains with one boat.”
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 小船，小艇; 轮船
vi. 乘船，划船
vt. 用船运输; 用船装运
时态：boated, boating, boats
分布：船(95%)，划船(3%)，乘船(1%)，放于船上(1%)
→来自PIE *bheid, 砍，劈。反映古老的凿树为船的历史。词源同bite.
n.小船,艇When the boat floats through the throat, the goat in overcoat goes to the goal.当船漂过狭口时,穿大衣的山羊朝目标走去.
US [boʊt] noun countable
 ESSENTIAL
■a small vehicle for travelling on water 艇，小船
• a rowing/sailing boat 划艇／帆船
• a fishing boat 渔船
• We took turns to row the boat up the river. 我们轮流划艇船逆流而上。
 ESSENTIAL informal
■a ship 轮船
• Are you travelling by boat or by air? 你要乘船还是乘飞机旅行？
• I'm taking the boat from Dover to Calais. 我要乘从多佛开往加来的船。
craft, vessel, ship, canoe, steamer, boat
这组词都有“船”的意思，其区别是：
craft: 船只的集合名词，但可指单独的船只。
vessel: 多指运货或运人的大船。
ship: 含义广，一般指大轮船，如航海船只，内河航运船只。
canoe: 指长而轻，用桨的小舟、独木船。
steamer: 指靠蒸汽发动机为动力的船只。
boat: 泛指任何大小的船只，尤指靠划桨或风帆行进的无篷小船。
n. 小船；轮船
 - tender, barca
vi. 划船
 - to row

Word: tomography
Front: tomography
[təˈmɒgrəfi] (17767/28744)
Back: n. X线断层摄影术
分布：X线体层照相术(50%)，X线断层摄影术(50%)
→科技术语，借自希腊语 tomos,切片，部分，词源同 tome,-graphy,写，记录。

Word: unraveled
Front: unraveled
[ʌnˈrævəld] (17833/-)
Back: v. 解开，拆散，散开( unravel的过去式和过去分词 ); 阐明; 澄清; 弄清楚
分布：解开(70%)，解释(18%)，阐明(12%)

Word: forty-one
Front: forty-one
['fɔ:tɪˌwʌn] None
Back: 四十一
分布：四十一(100%)

Word: trimester
Front: trimester
[traɪˈmestə(r)] (17875/43972)
Vocabulary: trimester
(once / 45635 pages)
n
When something lasts for three months, you can say it lasts for a trimester. Each three-month period of pregnancy, for example, is one trimester.
A trimester is typically three months, including a trimester of human gestation (or the time pregnancy lasts), although sometimes it's a length of time divided into three equal parts. An academic calendar is usually split into two semesters, but when it's made up of three sections, each is a trimester. The Latin root of trimester is trimestris, "of three months," from tri-, "three," and mensis, "month."
WORD FAMILY
trimester: trimesters
USAGE EXAMPLES
That trimester framework was largely done away with in the 1992 case Planned Parenthood v.
Time(Dec 20, 2016)
The Food and Drug Administration warning also applies to pregnant women in their third trimester.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 19, 2016)
None of those birth defects occurred to infants born to women infected in the second or third trimester.
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 三个月，学期
分布：学期(80%)，〈医〉三个月(20%)
→来自拉丁语 trimestris,三月期的，来自 tri-, 三，mensis,月，词源同 moon,month.
UK [traɪ-] US [traɪ'mes.tɚ] noun countable
■a three-month period 三个月时间
■any of the three three-month periods that a human pregnancy is divided into （人类妊娠的）三月期
• The second trimester is generally the easiest part of a pregnancy. 一般说来，第二个三月期是怀孕期间最轻松的一段时间。
■US
■any of the three-month periods into which the school or college year is sometimes divided （一学年分为三学期的）一学期
• Many students arrange internships or work-study placements during the second trimester. 许多学生在第二学期安排实习或半工半读。
Compare semester
n. 三个月；一学期
 - three months

Word: radon
Front: radon
[ˈreɪdɒn] (18058/17806 -1)
Back: n. <化>氡（元素符号Rn）
分布：氡(100%)
→rad-,辐射，放射，-on,表惰性气体，词源同 neon.
US [-dɑ:n] noun uncountable specialized
■a radioactive gas that is formed when radium decays and is found naturally in rock and soil 氡（镭衰变时形成的一种气体放射性元素，在大自然中存在于岩石和土壤中）
• Tests showed high radon levels. 测试结果显示氡水准较高。
n. [化学] 氡（元素符号Rn）
 - niton

Word: indistinct
Front: indistinct
[ˌɪndɪˈstɪŋkt] (17925/19624)
Vocabulary: indistinct
(once / 1162 pages)
adj
Is it hard to tell what someone is saying? Can you not see something clearly? Anything hard to make out is indistinct.
Indistinct things are fuzzy, unclear, and hard to see or understand. A whisper can be indistinct. A clear, confident speaker is not indistinct. People like to say what a cloud is shaped like, but clouds are generally pretty indistinct — that's why different people will see different shapes in the same cloud. When we're writing, speaking, or drawing, we should try to be distinct, not indistinct — because we want to be understood.
WORD FAMILY
indistinct: indistinctest, indistinctly, indistinctness+/ distinct: distincter, distinctest, distinctive, distinctly, distinctness, indistinct / distinctive: distinctively, distinctiveness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Apart from Ailey’s work, it was troubling how much of the choreography was indistinct: pasted onto the dancers instead of embedded in them.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
But when the wall of secrecy is breached, the distinction between upright global citizen and criminal can quickly grow indistinct.
New York Times(Nov 30, 2016)
He settled on characters that tap into conflicting emotions: They’re serene yet daunting and huge yet indistinct.
Washington Post(Nov 11, 2016)
Back: adj. 不清楚的，模糊的
n. 不清楚，模糊
adv. 不清楚地，模糊地
分布：模糊的(48%)，不清楚的(44%)，微弱的(8%)
→in-,不，非，distinct,清晰的。
adjective
■not clear 不清楚的，模糊的
• an indistinct shape/sound/recollection 模糊的形状／声音／记忆
Compare distinct
adj. 模糊的，不清楚的；朦胧的；难以清楚辨认的
 - fuzzy, dark, vague, unclear

Word: cinch
Front: cinch
[sɪntʃ] (17965/39418)
Back: n. 容易做的事情; 必然发生的事
v. 系（马的）肚带; 〈美俚〉确定，弄清楚，弄明白，确实掌握，确保
时态：cinched, cinching, cinches
分布：确保(44%)，系肚带(28%)，容易做的事情(14%)，必然发生的事情(14%)
→来自kenk,围住，包围，词源同precinct,succinct.
informal
noun only singular
■something which is very easy and is therefore certain to be a success 很容易的事；很有把握的事，十拿九稳的事
• The exam was a cinch. 考试非常容易。
n. 肚带；紧握；有把握的事情
 - purchase, grip

Word: upriver
Front: upriver
[ˌʌpˈrɪvə(r)] (17971/27518)
Back: adj. 上游的，向水源的
adv. 在上游，向上游，从上游
分布：上游的(47%)，向水源的(40%)，向上游地(13%)
US [-ɚ] adverb adjective [before noun]
■towards the place where a river starts 向上游（的）
• We paddled upriver for a couple of hours. 我们朝上游划了几个小时。
adv. 在上游；从上游；向上游
 - upwards, upstream

Word: loot
Front: loot
[lu:t] (托 10753/14509 -2)
Vocabulary: loot
(once / 1295 pages)
nv
Burglars and pirates handle a lot of loot — otherwise known as stolen money or goods.
One bank robber might say to the other, "You watch the customers! I'm going after the loot!" Loot most often means money, especially the kind of money you didn't get legally. Loot is right up there with booty and swag in the family of words for stolen or pillaged things. When used as a verb, loot refers to the act of stealing, like when an angry mob loots the local grocery store during a riot.
WORD FAMILY
loot: looted, looter, looting, loots+/ looter: looters/looting: lootings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Instead, cash dried up, retail commerce froze, and Maduro suspended the move as rioting and looting erupted.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
When no new bolivar notes appeared to replace the old ones, riots and looting erupted in towns across Venezuela, whose economy was already in shambles.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Long queues outside bank branches, while in some areas supermarkets and shops were looted.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 掠夺物，战利品; （官吏的）赃物，非法收入; 抢劫; 外快
vt. & vi. 抢劫，掠夺; （官吏）贪污
时态：looted, looting, loots
分布：掠夺(44%)，赃物(30%)，洗劫(17%)，掠夺品(9%)
→来自梵语loptram,lotram,打劫，偷来的物品，来自reup,抓，抢，词源同rip,rob.后引申词义战利品。印欧语字母r在与梵语l发生了音变关系，如light对应梵语词rocate,照耀，照明。
verb intransitive or transitive
■(usually of large numbers of people during a violent event) to steal from shops and houses （通常指在暴力事件中集体）抢劫，洗劫
• During the riot shops were looted and cars damaged or set on fire. 在暴乱期间商店遭洗劫，汽车被砸坏或烧毁。
[lu:t] noun uncountable
■money and valuable objects that have been stolen, especially by an army from a defeated enemy （尤指军队的）战利品，掠夺品
n. 战利品；抢劫；掠夺品
 - prize, capture
vt. 抢劫，洗劫；强夺
 - rob of, ransack
vi. 洗劫，掠夺；抢劫
 - prey upon, rob of

Word: brief
Front: brief
[bri:f] (高研四托 2146/1863 -K4)
Vocabulary: brief
(once / 79 pages)
adjvn
Something brief is short and to the point. If you make a brief visit, you don't stay long. If you make a brief statement, you use few words. If you wear brief shorts, you are showing a little too much leg.
As a noun, a brief is a condensed summary or abstract, especially a legal summary of a case. Lawyers submit pretrial briefs to the court outlining the witnesses for the prosecution or defense. As a verb, brief means to give essential information to someone — like the President gets briefed on important matters.
WORD FAMILY
brief: briefed, briefer, briefest, briefing, briefless, briefly, briefness, briefs+/ briefing: briefings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Correction: An early version of Friday’s briefing misstated what the runner John Gilmour wore during a race.
New York Times(Jan 03, 2017)
She was a major scholar of Thomas Jefferson and wrote a brief biography of him, published in 2003.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The problem is that Mr. Trump apparently does not sit still for the intelligence briefings that try to describe the world as it is.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 短暂的; （衣着）短的; 简洁的; 简明的
vt. 向…介绍基本情况; （尤指事前）向…介绍基本情况; 向…下达简令; 在…事先向…做简要指点
n. 概要; 短文; 简短声明; （争议一方的情况或论点）要点摘录
时态：briefed, briefing, briefs
分布：简短的(43%)，短暂的(38%)，摘要(14%)，短期的(2%)，扼要的(1%)，作…的概述(1%)，案件陈述(1%)
→来自词根brev, 短。引申义汇报，介绍情况。
简短的[brev,bridg=short,表示"短,缩短"]
a.简短的,简洁的v.简短介绍,简要汇报I believe my brief words will relieve her grief.我相信我简短的话会减轻她的悲痛.
adjective
SHORT IN TIME 短暂的
 IMPROVER
■lasting only a short time or containing few words 短暂的；简短的
• His acceptance speech was mercifully brief. 幸而他的提名演讲很简短。
• I had a brief look at her report before the meeting. 会前我浏览了一下她的报告。
• It'll only be a brief visit because we really haven't much time. 我们的时间真的不多，所以只能作短暂的参观游览。
• After a brief spell/stint in the army, he started working as a teacher. 在军队呆了短暂的一段时间以后，他当起了教师。
• The company issued a brief statement about yesterday's accident. 那家公司就昨天的事故发表了简短的声明。
■used to express how quickly time goes past （时间）短暂的，飞快的
• For a few brief weeks we were very happy. 在短短的几周里，我们过得十分愉快。
[bri:f] adjective
SHORT IN LENGTH 短的
■(of clothes) very short （衣服）很短的
• She was wearing a rather brief skirt, as I recall. 我记得她当时穿了件非常短的裙子。
[bri:f] verb transitive formal
■to give someone instructions or information about what they should do or say 向…介绍情况；给…指示
• We had already been briefed about/on what the job would entail. 已经有人向我们介绍了工作内容。
Compare debrief
[bri:f] noun
SHORT FORM 简短
in brief
■If something is said in brief, it is said in a very short form, with very few details 简言之，一言以蔽之
• "So you didn't enjoy the party then." "In brief, no." “那么，你不喜欢这个派对喽?”“简单说吧，不喜欢。”
[bri:f] noun
UNDERWEAR 内衣
briefs
[plural]
■a piece of underwear worn by men or women, covering the area between the waist and the tops of the legs 内裤
• cotton briefs 棉质内裤
[bri:f] noun
INSTRUCTIONS 指示
countable UK
■a set of instructions or information 指示；（任务）简介
• [+ to infinitive] It was my brief to make sure that the facts were set down accurately. 我的要求是确保准确记录所有事实。
countable legal
■a document or set of documents containing the details about a court case 诉讼要点；案情摘要
concise, succinct, curt, brief
这组词都有“简短的”的意思，其区别是：
concise: a. (文字等的)简要、精练，常含有保留主要部分的意思。
 • His letter was concise, omitting everything not pertinent to the job.   他的信写得简明扼要，省略掉了所有与该项工作无关的部分。
succinct: a.简明的，简洁的，简练的，尤指用词简练，除含有concise的意思外，还有经过压缩的或简化的意思。
 • succinct summary of the argument   论点的概要
curt: a.三言两语的，简短的，常含有"草率"的意思。
 • He asked his boss a question, but got a curt reply , "I have no time for you now!"   他问老板一个问题，但是老板草率的说："我没时间搭理你。"
brief: a.简明扼要的，简短的，指时间短暂，办事利索，态度明了等；有时含有"虽短但却不失全面"的意味。
 • The manager made a brief statement to open the meeting.   经理致了简短的开幕词。
compact, concise, brief
这组词都有“简短的、简洁的”的意思，其区别是：
compact: 指为了方便把某物压缩到最小程度，也指紧凑、简洁的文体。
concise: 书面用词，可与brief换用，指语言文学言简意赅，无多余的话。
brief: 指语言文学简明扼要，短小精悍，也用于指时间意义很强的短暂的过程。
adj. 简短的，简洁的；短暂的，草率的
 - little, passing, transient, compact
n. [图情] 摘要，简报；概要，诉书
 - abstract, resume
vt. 简报， [图情] 摘要；作…的提要
 - abstract, epitomize

Word: heh
Front: heh
[heɪ] (17987/29098)
Back: n. （表示惊异、质问）嗨！

Word: snare
Front: snare
[sneə(r)] (宝 16103/19167 -1)
Vocabulary: snare
(once / 639 pages)
1nv 2n
A snare is a trap, usually for small animals, and using a noose. Snare can also mean to trap in general or any type of trap, like the snare of a TV cliffhanger that traps you into watching again.
If writers are to be believed, we are surrounded by snares. Francis Beaumont implores us to know that “the world’s a snare.” And Hilda Doolittle asserts that “a snare is Love.” Still Soren Kierkegaard lets us know that “the truth is a snare: you cannot have it, without being caught.” Whoever is right, it seems that you can’t escape. A snare is also a type of small drum that rattles, as well as a wire loop used by surgeons.
WORD FAMILY
snare: ensnare, snared, snarer, snares, snaring+/ ensnare: ensnared, ensnares, ensnaring/snarer: snarers
USAGE EXAMPLES
That point of contention snared the Los Angeles rapper’s attention.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
In 1845 John Snare, a Reading bookseller, acquired for £8 a portrait of Charles I undertaken shortly before he became king.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
The ballad opens with an electric piano, organ, bass and guitar playing the introduction backed only by a snare drum.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 陷阱，罗网; 诱惑; （绷在小鼓下面的）肠线; [外]（肿瘤等的）勒除器
vt. 捕捉; 诱惑; 安圈套; 陷害
时态：snared, snaring, snares
分布：陷阱(43%)，圈套(21%)，诱惑(21%)，勒除器(10%)，以陷阱捕获(5%)
→来自古诺斯语 snara,网，捕鸟网，来自 Proto-Germanic*snarkho,网，来自 sne,编织，织造， 词源同 snood,needle,net.引申比喻义陷阱，罗网，圈套等。
【参】ensnare（v 诱捕）
US [sner] noun countable
■a device for catching small animals and birds, usually with a rope or wire which tightens around the animal 陷阱，罗网
■a trick or situation which deceives you or involves you in some problem which you do not know about 圈套，陷阱
• The legal system is full of snares for those who are not wary. 法律制度对那些不谨慎的人而言充满了陷阱。
UK [sneər] US [sner] verb transitive
■to catch an animal using a snare （用罗网、陷阱）捕捉，诱捕
• We used to snare small birds such as sparrows and robins. 我们过去常常用罗网捕捉麻雀、知更鸟等小鸟。
• figurative She grew up in the days when a woman's main aim was to snare a rich husband. 在她所处的那个时代，妇女的主要目标就是要俘获一个富有的丈夫。
n. 陷阱；圈套； [外科] 勒除器
 - trap, web, mesh, pit
vt. 捕捉；诱惑
 - tempt, seduce

Word: recliner
Front: recliner
[rɪˈklaɪnə(r)] (17943/-)
Vocabulary: recliner
(once / 107449 pages)
n
Have you ever sat in a chair that's designed to tip comfortably back, so you can lounge with your feet out on an attached footrest? It's called a recliner.
A recliner is a cozy chair that you could also call a lounger. Many people have recliners in their TV rooms or dens, for especially comfy viewing. The trick of a recliner is right there in its name, recline, or "lie back in a relaxed position," from the Latin reclinare, "to bend or lean back." Recliners have been around since the 1800s, the most famous being the La-Z-Boy recliner, which was patented in 1928.
WORD FAMILY
recliner: recliners+/ recline: reclined, recliner, reclines, reclining/reclining: reclinings
USAGE EXAMPLES
He began sleeping in a recliner because he was too heavy to sleep lying down.
New York Times(May 02, 2016)
She spends much of her day tucked under a fleece blanket on a recliner in the middle of the living room.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
When the Alliance learned of Mrs. Oshman’s need for the recliner, the group used $799 from the Neediest funds to buy it.
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 斜躺者，可躺式椅
分布：斜靠着的人(34%)，装有软垫的躺椅(33%)，斜倚物(33%)
→来自 recline,后躺。
US [-nɚ] noun countable
■a chair in which you can lean back at different angles （靠背可调的）躺椅

Word: bob
Vocabulary: bob
(once / 127 pages)
1vn 2nv 3nv 4n 5n
To bob is to dip up and down, the way something does when it floats on the surface of water. A lobster buoy bobs in the ocean, marking the spot where a lobsterman's trap is set.
Your friend stands out when her red hat bobs among a crowd of people, and so does a red boat as it bobs on a lake. You might bob your head to indicate agreement or get a short haircut that's also called a bob. The motion bob comes from the Old English bobben, "to strike," while the hair style stems from the earlier bobbe, or "cluster," and first referred a trimmed horse's tail.
WORD FAMILY
bob: bobbed, bobber, bobbing, bobs+/bobber: bobbers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Boyd is replacing commissioner Bob Stump, who was forced by term limits to leave the commission that regulates utilities.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Better to opt for the petite pool, where an inflatable gold swan bobs next to the chic lounge.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Swansea’s miserable form continued in the first game following Bob Bradley’s firing.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)

Word: ripped
Front: ripped
[rɪpt] (17976/24256)
Back: adj. <美俚>喝醉的，受毒品麻醉的; 有明显的肌肉线条的
v. 扯破，撕坏( rip的过去式和过去分词 ); 撕成; 锯; 猛地扯开
分布：受毒品麻醉的(67%)，动词rip的过去式和过去分词(33%)
V-ERG
（使）撕开;（使）扯开;（使）撕裂;（使）划破
When something rips or when you rip it, you tear it forcefully with your hands or with a tool such as a knife.
例：I felt the banner rip as we were pushed in opposite directions...当我们被推向相反的方向时，我感觉横幅被撕裂了。
例：I tried not to rip the paper as I unwrapped it.我把纸打开的时候，尽量不把它撕破。
N-COUNT
裂口;裂缝;口子
A rip is a long cut or split in something made of cloth or paper.
例：Looking at the rip in her new dress, she flew into a rage.看到新连衣裙上的口子，她勃然大怒。
VERB
撕去;扯掉;剥去
If you rip something away, you remove it quickly and forcefully.
例：He ripped away a wire that led to the alarm button...他把连着报警按钮的电线扯掉了。
例：She ripped off her dress and let it fall to the floor...她一把扯下连衣裙，任其滑落到地上。
VERB
（迅猛地）穿入，穿透，冲过
If something rips into someone or something or rips through them, it enters that person or thing so quickly and forcefully that it often goes completely through them.
例：A volley of bullets ripped into the facing wall...一排子弹射进对面的墙上。
例：Their minibus was ripped apart by a bomb...他们的面包车被炸弹炸得粉碎。
PHRASE
尽情地做;忘乎所以地做;用尽力气做
If you let rip, you do something forcefully and without trying to control yourself.
例：Turn the guitars up full and let rip...把吉他的音量调到最大，尽情欢乐吧。
例：'Yaaaaaaa,' Carla let rip with the cry of the Valkyries.“呀——”卡拉放开喉咙，发出女武神瓦尔基里一般的嘶喊声。
PHRASE
迅速地做;强有力地做;(车辆)全速前进，开足马力
If you let something rip, you do it as quickly or as forcefully as possible. You can say 'let it rip' or 'let her rip' to someone when you want them to make a vehicle go as fast as it possibly can.
例：The ecological disaster is partly a product of letting everything rip in order to increase production.出现生态灾难的部分原因是人们为了增产而不惜一切代价。
adj. 喝醉的；受毒品麻醉的
 - preserved, drunken

Word: pliers
Front: pliers
[ˈplaɪəz] (宝 17958/-)
Vocabulary: pliers
(once / 16577 pages)
n
A pair of pliers is a tool that you can use to twist metal or to grip a tiny object. Jewelry makers often use small, narrow pliers to bend thin pieces of wire.
There are many different types of pliers that do various jobs, from large, wrench-like pliers that plumbers use on pipes to tiny "needle-nose pliers" that electricians can fit into narrow spaces and grip small wires. Why pliers always come in "pairs" like jeans, eyeglasses, and scissors is a bit of a mystery. The word stems from the verb ply, "work with" or "use."
WORD FAMILY
plier: pliers +/ pliable: pliability, pliably/ ply: pliable, plied, plier, plies, plyer, plying/plyer: plyers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The labor pains were radiating from deep in her gut, like pliers twisting her insides.
Washington Post(Dec 24, 2016)
Fritz went through everything from hammers and pliers to utility knives and power tools.
Washington Times(Nov 12, 2016)
For more than 130 years, Knipex, a family-owned company in western Germany, has made pliers for craftsmen around the world.
Reuters(Nov 06, 2016)
Back: n. 钳子，老虎钳; 夹钳; 手钳
分布：钳子(100%)
→来自ply,弯，转，折叠，-er,表施动。引申词义钳子。
【记】pli＝ply弯，ers－使东西弯的东西－钳子
US [-ɚz] plural noun
■a small tool with two handles for holding or pulling small things like nails, or for cutting wire 老虎钳，钳子
• Pass me that pair of pliers, please. 请把那把老虎钳子递给我好吗？
n. 钳子；老虎钳（plier的复数形式）
 - clippers, nippers

Word: not-for-profit
Front: not-for-profit
['nɒtf'ɔ:rpr'ɒfɪt] None
Back: n. 非营利
adj. 非营利的；无利可图的
 - non-profit, uncommercial

Word: sully
Front: sully
[ˈsʌli] (托宝 17902/22089)
Vocabulary: sully
(once / 2357 pages)
v
To sully is to attack someone's good name and to try to ruin his reputation. If you spread false rumors that there's chicken stock in the vegetarian entree at Joe's Diner, you would sully Joe's good reputation.
Sully can also mean to tarnish or make spotty. It's easy to remember this meaning when you know that sully comes from the Middle French word souiller, meaning, "make dirty." For example, dripping chocolate sauce onto the table will sully your mother's new white tablecloth. Another meaning of sully is to corrupt or cast suspicion on. If an automaker recalls millions of vehicles due to safety problems, it doesn't exactly inspire confidence — in fact, it may sully their brand.
WORD FAMILY
sully: sullied, sullies, sullying+/sullied: unsullied
USAGE EXAMPLES
Her fabrication was retold on the pages of Rolling Stone and did far more than sully a publication and a writer.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
That its magic algorithm waves its magic wand and delivers magic results without the sullying intervention of any human.
The Guardian(Dec 11, 2016)
Noble men, sullied by femininity, were foppish, wore perfume and sumptuous, bright and frivolous clothes.
Salon(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: vt. 玷污，破坏名声
时态：sullied, sullying, sullies
分布：玷污(63%)，弄脏(30%)，污斑(7%)
→来自古法语 soillier,弄脏，词源同 soil,粪肥，弄脏。
【记】读：三梨－一口吃了三个鸭梨，满身都是梨汤－玷污
['sʌl.i] formal
verb transitive
■to spoil something which is pure or someone's perfect reputation 玷污；败坏
• His reputation, he said, had been unfairly sullied by allegations, half-truths and innuendos. 他说他的声誉已经被一些不公正的主观臆测、半真半假的报导和含沙射影的说法给抹黑了。
■to make something dirty 弄脏
• No speck of dirt had ever sullied his hands. 他的双手总是干干净净的。
vt. 玷污；使丢脸
 - cloud, shame
n. 污点，损伤
 - impairment, jaup

Word: frothy
Front: frothy
[ˈfrɒθi] (宝 17982/19983)
Vocabulary: frothy
(once / 7896 pages)
adj
Something frothy is composed of many small air bubbles. You might like your cappuccino frothy but probably not your tap water.
If you order a cappuccino at a cafe, you'll get a cup of strong coffee topped with frothy milk, and a cake recipe might instruct you to beat four eggs until they're frothy. In both examples, air bubbles cause a liquid to become foamy and creamy. A frothy person, however, is bubbly in a different way, full of life and excitement. There's often an implication of "insubstantial," or even "silly" when a person or idea is described as frothy.
WORD FAMILY
frothy: frothily, frothiness+/ froth: frothed, frothing, froths, frothy /frothing: frothingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
If frothy home-builder sentiment is any indication, Lennar is still a fixer-upper.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 19, 2016)
The 12 tales that follow are a frothy mix of fable and ghost stories, all told in a register appropriate to the season.
Washington Post(Dec 13, 2016)
Roberta Smith called Ms. Marten, then 27, a “precocious British artist” who “works in a light, frothy mode that might be called postmodern rococo.”
New York Times(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: adj. 起泡的，多泡的，空洞的
级别：frothier, frothiest
分布：空洞的(42%)，起泡的(36%)，多泡的(22%)
【反】weighty（adj 重的；严肃认真的）
US ['frɑ:.θi] adjective
■(of a liquid) with small white bubbles on the surface （液体）起泡沫的，有泡沫的
• Beat the mixture until it becomes frothy. 搅打混合物，直到泛起泡沫。
• frothy coffee 带泡沫的咖啡
adj. 多泡的；起泡的；空洞的，浅薄的
 - blistery, beady

Word: criminality
Front: criminality
[ˌkrɪmɪˈnæləti] (17978/17176)
Back: n. 有罪，犯罪，犯罪行为
分布：犯罪(68%)，犯罪行为(27%)，有罪(5%)
N-COUNT
罪犯
A criminal is a person who regularly commits crimes.
例：A group of gunmen attacked a prison and set free nine criminals in Moroto.一伙持枪歹徒袭击了莫罗托的一所监狱，放走了9名罪犯。
ADJ
犯罪的;犯法的
Criminal means connected with crime.
例：Her husband faces various criminal charges...她丈夫面临多项犯罪指控。
例：At 17, he had a criminal record for petty theft...他17岁就有了小偷小摸的犯罪前科。
ADJ
罪过的;严重错误的
If you describe an action as criminal, you think it is very wrong or a serious mistake.
例：He said a full-scale dispute involving strikes would be criminal.他说如果出现罢工等大规模纠纷那将是极不应该的。
n. 有罪，犯罪；犯罪行为
 - guilt, sinfulness

Word: prospector
Front: prospector
[prəˈspektə(r)] (托 17974/25889)
Vocabulary: prospector
(once / 2987 pages)
n
A prospector is someone looking for mineral deposits. Prospectors are usually after gold.
A prospector is a type of explorer, but one with a specific purpose: prospectors are after mineral deposits. Mineral deposits are found in the ground, so prospectors will commonly be looking down. They also use various tools—such as axes and metal detectors—to find the minerals they're after. Since gold is the most valuable mineral, it's long been the number one priority of prospectors. A prospector who finds gold could become rich.
WORD FAMILY
prospector: prospectors+/ prospect: prospected, prospecting, prospector, prospects
USAGE EXAMPLES
One survivor later fashioned a gun sight from a hunk of silver; this engendered the legend of the Gunsight Lode, which prospectors pursued for decades.
The New Yorker(Nov 06, 2016)
“Folks say there’s a cabin of an old-time gold prospector up there still exactly as he left it. Nothing’s been moved.”
The Guardian(Nov 05, 2016)
Matthew McConaughey plays a prospector who teams with a geologist to hunt for treasure in the untamed jungles of Indonesia.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 04, 2016)
Back: n. 勘探者，探矿者
分布：探矿者(100%)
→来自prospect,勘探。
N-VAR
可能性；希望
If there is some prospect of something happening, there is a possibility that it will happen.
例：Unfortunately, there is little prospect of seeing these big questions answered...不幸的是，几乎不可能看到这些重大问题得到回复。
例：The prospects for peace in the country's eight-year civil war are becoming brighter...该国经历8年内战之后重归和平的前景正逐渐变得光明。
N-SING
期望中的事；将要发生的事；预期；展望
A particular prospect is something that you expect or know is going to happen.
例：They now face the prospect of having to wear a cycling helmet by law...他们现在面临的情形是：不久将需要依法佩戴摩托车头盔。
例：After supper he'd put his feet up and read. It was a pleasant prospect.晚饭后，他会架起脚来看书。想起来就让人愉快。
N-PLURAL
（尤指事业的）成功机会，前景，前途
Someone's prospects are their chances of being successful, especially in their career.
例：I chose to work abroad to improve my career prospects.我选择出国工作以求在事业上有更好的发展。
例：...a detailed review of the company's prospects.对该公司前景的详细考查
VERB
勘探；勘察
When people prospect for oil, gold, or some other valuable substance, they look for it in the ground or under the sea.
例：He had prospected for minerals everywhere from the Gobi Desert to the Transvaal...他已在从戈壁沙漠到德兰士瓦的无数地方勘探过矿藏。
例：In fact, the oil companies are already prospecting not far from here.事实上，石油公司已经在离此不远处进行勘探。

Word: recollect
Front: recollect
[ˌrekəˈlekt] (研四六 17984/14189)
Vocabulary: recollect
(once / 140 pages)
v
To recollect is to remember. You might struggle to recollect your high school French but have no trouble recollecting every ingredient in your dad's cinnamon roll recipe.
If you ask your grandfather to recollect his experiences in high school, you want him to remember some great stories from his youth. The Latin root word, recolligere, means "to collect again," from the prefix re, "again," and colligere, "gather or collect." You can think of recollect as meaning "to gather again from your memory."
WORD FAMILY
recollect: recollected, recollecting, recollection, recollective, recollects+/ collect: collectable, collected, collectible, collecting, collection, collective, collector, collects, recollect / collected: collectedly, self-collected, uncollected/collectible: collectibles, uncollectible/collecting: collectings/ collection: collections/ collective: collectively, collectives, collectivise, collectivism, collectivize/collectivise: collectivisation, collectivised/ collectivism: collectivisms, collectivist, collectivistic/collectivist: collectivists/collectivistic: collectivistically/collectivization: collectivizations/collectivize: collectivization, collectivized, collectivizing/collector: collectors/ recollection: recollections
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It’s funny,” he says, “what a young man recollects.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
He recollected his thought back then: “‘What the hell are we talking about?’”
Washington Post(Nov 22, 2016)
Through these objects, recollected dialogue and his own powers of speculation, Chabon constructs a loving, partial portrait of an unlikely, volatile and durable marriage.
New York Times(Nov 18, 2016)
Back: vt. 记起，想起
v. 想起; 回想，追忆，回忆，记忆; 使（自己）想起一时忘掉的事; 想到
时态：recollected, recollecting, recollects
分布：回忆(52%)，回想(30%)，记起(18%)
→re-,向后，往回，collect,收集，想起。
回想起;振作(re重新+collect→[记忆]重新集中→回想到)[lect,lig=choose,gather表示"选择,收集"]
v.回忆,想起,记起,忆起,记得In the college, I alleged that I recollected the dialog in dialect about the dial collection.在学院里我宣称忆起关于收集到度盘用方言进行的对话.
[ˌrek.ə'lekt] formal
verb intransitive or transitive
■to remember something 回忆；想起；记起
• Can you recollect his name? 你能记起他的名字吗？
• As far as I can recollect, his name is Edward. 我记得他的名字叫爱德华。
• [+ (that)] She suddenly recollected (that) she had left her handbag in the restaurant. 她突然想起她把手提包忘在餐厅里了。
• [+ question word] Do you recollect wh ere she went? 你记得她去哪里了吗？
• [+ -ing verb] He does not recollect seeing her at the party. 他不记得在派对上见过她了。
v. 回忆，想起
 - think of, live over

Word: statistician
Front: statistician
[ˌstætɪˈstɪʃn] (17983/15925 -1)
Vocabulary: statistician
(once / 7172 pages)
n
Numbers, numbers and more numbers. A statistician is a math expert who uses huge amounts of data to figure out how likely it is that something will happen, like your chances of winning the lottery.
See the word statistics in statistician? A statistician is an expert in the field of statistics, something you hear or see every day — the percentage of Americans who have cell phones, or how likely you are to be fit and healthy if you live in Oregon are statistics. The people who figure these things out are statisticians.
WORD FAMILY
statistician: statisticians+/ statistical: statistically/ statistics: statistic, statistical, statistician
USAGE EXAMPLES
Otherwise, statisticians list the age-group record variously as 6:35:47 or 6:46:34.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
And now Tversky meant to argue that everyone’s a natural statistician?
Slate(Dec 21, 2016)
More than half of El Pasoans are Catholics or evangelical Christians, according to the Association of Statisticians of American Religious Bodies.
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. 统计学家，统计员
分布：统计学家(63%)，统计员(37%)
→statistics,统计学，统计数据，-ian,人。
noun countable
■someone who studies or is an expert in statistics 统计学家；统计员
n. 统计学家，统计员
 - statistical clerk

Word: tuning
Front: tuning
['tju:nɪŋ] (17980/16693)
Back: n. 调谐，调整，调音
v. 调音( tune的现在分词 ); 调整; （给收音机、电视等）调谐; 使协调
分布：调谐(46%)，调整(40%)，调音(13%)，动词tune的现在分词.(1%)
US ['tu:-] noun uncountable
■the way an instrument is tuned 调音，定弦
• The tuning on this piano is awful. 这架钢琴音调得很糟糕。
n. [电子] [通信] 调谐；调音，起弦；协调一致；起音，定音
 - diapason, attunement

Word: anvil
Front: anvil
[ˈænvɪl] (宝 17970/20045)
Vocabulary: anvil
(once / 2714 pages)
1n 2n
An anvil is a heavy block of iron or steel that blacksmiths use to shape metal. It's durable enough to withstand red hot metals and repeated hammer blows, but you don't want your foot to be under if it falls off the table.
We most often associate anvils with metalworking (or cartoon coyotes standing in the wrong place at the wrong time), but did you know that there is also a tiny bone in the middle ear called the anvil? It works with other small bones to transmit vibrations that allow us to hear noises. Scientists also call this bone the incus, but it got the name anvil because of its similarity to the blacksmith’s tool. They may be the same shape, but the bone weighs a few milligrams, while the tool can weigh hundreds of pounds.
WORD FAMILY
anvil: anvils
USAGE EXAMPLES
One of the more popular races is the Quintuple Anvil, which grew to 16 competitors this year from seven in 2013, its inaugural year.
New York Times(Nov 01, 2016)
It was as if a blacksmith had an anvil in my head.
Ishmael Beah, A Long Way Gone: Memoirs of a Boy S...(2007)
Club also covered the episode by saying its writers were “about as subtle as an anvil.”
Washington Times(Oct 25, 2016)
Back: n. （铁）砧; <解>砧骨
分布：铁砧(100%)
→an同on. -vil, 同词根pul, 击，打，见pulse, 脉膊。
【记】读：安危喔。铁砧真是痛苦，我很同情它，每天被铁锤所蹂躏与践踏，过着安危不定的生活。
noun countable
EQUIPMENT 设备
■a heavy block of iron on which heated pieces of metal are shaped by hammering 铁砧
['æn.vɪl] noun countable
BONE 骨 specialized
■one of the small bones of the ear 砧骨
n. [物] 铁砧； [解剖] 砧骨
 - incus, stithy

Word: ahh
Front: ahh
['əh] (17966/39104)
Back: [医][=alpha-hydrazine(analogue of)histidine]组氨酸的α-肼同型物

Word: connectedness
Front: connectedness
[kə'nektɪdnəs] (17857/39503)
Back: 连通性
分布：连通性(100%)
n. [数] 连通性
 - formation communication

Word: particularity
Front: particularity
[pəˌtɪkjuˈlærəti] (17808/22832)
Back: n. 特性
分布：特质(43%)，精确(21%)，特异性(9%)，过分讲究(9%)，细节(9%)，挑剔(9%)
→来自particular,特殊的，特别的，-ity,名词后缀。即特征，特点。
US [pɚˌtɪk.jə'ler.ə.tˌi] formal
noun uncountable
■the quality of being exact or very detailed 精确，详细
particularities [plural]
■details 细节，详细情况
• The particularities of the case have not been revealed. 该案件的详细情况还未披露。
n. 特质；个性；讲究
 - personality, attribute, kidney, individuality

Word: tribesman
Front: tribesman
[ˈtraɪbzmən] (17981/21090)
Back: n. 部落的男子; 部落成员，同宗族的人
分布：部落的一员(100%)
noun countable
■a man who belongs to a tribe 部落男子；部族男子

Word: electrically
Front: electrically
[ɪ'lektrɪklɪ] (17986/14944)
Back: adv. 用电力，有关电地
分布：用电(100%)
ADJ
用电的;电动的
Electrical goods, equipment, or appliances work by means of electricity.
例：...shipments of electrical equipment.电气设备的装运
例：...electrical appliances.电器
ADJ
供电的;用电的
Electrical systems or parts supply or use electricity.
ADJ
电能的;充电的
Electrical energy is energy in the form of electricity.
ADJ
制造电气设备的;供电的
Electrical industries, engineers, or workers are involved in the production and supply of electricity or electrical goods.

Word: headband
Front: headband
[ˈhedbænd] (17989/23441)
Back: n. （扎在额头上的）束发带，扎头带
分布：头巾(77%)，头饰带(23%)
noun countable
■a narrow strip of material worn around the head, usually to keep your hair or sweat out of your eyes 束发带，头带（通常用于固定头发或吸汗）
n. 头巾；头饰带
 - bashlyk, hood

Word: declared
Front: declared
[dɪˈkleəd] (17990/14235)
Back: adj. 公告的，公然的
v. 宣布( declare的过去式和过去分词 ); 断言; 申报（收益）; 板球（在击球员还未全部出局时）宣布结束赛局
分布：公告的(64%)，承认的(18%)，动词declare的过去式和过去分词.(18%)
US [-'klerd] adjective
■A declared fact is one that someone has publicly said or admitted 公开声明的
• He is a declared supporter of the scheme. 他公开声明会支持该项计划。
• It has always been my declared intention to sail round the world. 我早就说过想要环球航行。
adj. 公然的；公开宣布的
 - flagrant, barefaced

Word: idealist
Front: idealist
[aɪ'di:əlɪst] (17991/18940)
Vocabulary: idealist
(once / 2895 pages)
n
An idealist is someone who envisions an ideal world rather than the real one. Some people consider idealists to be naive, impractical, and out of touch with reality. Idealists think that striving for perfection makes the world a better place.
The main root of idealist is "ideal," which comes from the Latin word idea. As an idealist, you think everyone should act in the best interest of the group. Ideally, everyone would agree with you, but the unfortunate reality is that lots of people act solely in their own self-interest. Words that are related to idealist include "idealize," "idealism," and "ideally."
WORD FAMILY
idealist: idealists+/ idea: ideal, ideas, ideate/ ideal: idealise, idealism, ideality, idealize, ideally, ideals/idealisation: idealisations/idealise: idealisation, idealised, idealises, idealising/ idealism: idealisms, idealist, idealistic / idealistic: idealistically/ideality: idealities/idealization: idealizations/ idealize: idealization, idealized, idealizes, idealizing/ideate: ideated, ideating, ideation / ideation: ideational, ideations/ideational: ideationally
USAGE EXAMPLES
They condemned mainstream genetics as metaphysical, reactionary and idealist.
Salon(Dec 28, 2016)
Justin Peters is a Slate correspondent and the author of The Idealist: Aaron Swartz and the Rise of Free Culture on the Internet.
Slate(Dec 23, 2016)
She is still playing the idealist in the age of the disappearing red line.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 理想主义; 空想家; <哲>观念论者; 唯心论者
分布：理想主义者(60%)，唯心主义者(15%)，理想主义的(13%)，唯心主义的(12%)
noun countable
■someone who believes that very good things can be achieved, often when this does not seem likely to others 理想主义者
n. 空想家，理想主义者；唯心主义者
 - daydreamer, fancier

Word: clumsily
Front: clumsily
['klʌmzɪlɪ] (17973/16019)
Back: adv. 笨拙地; 粗陋地，形状难看地
分布：笨拙地(100%)
ADJ-GRADED
笨拙的;不灵活的
A clumsy person moves or handles things in a careless, awkward way, often so that things are knocked over or broken.
例：I'd never seen a clumsier, less coordinated boxer...我从没见过更笨拙、动作更不协调的拳击手。
例：Unfortunately, I was still very clumsy behind the wheel of the jeep.令人遗憾的是我开起吉普来还是笨手笨脚。
ADJ-GRADED
(行为或措词)不得体的，拙劣的
A clumsy action or statement is not skilful or is likely to upset people.
例：The action seemed a clumsy attempt to topple the Janata Dal government...这一试图推翻人民党政府的行动似乎缺乏策略。
例：He denied the announcement was clumsy and insensitive.他否认声明不得体、不近人情。
ADJ-GRADED
(设计或外表)粗糙的，难用的;设计欠佳的
An object that is clumsy is not neat in design or appearance, and is often awkward to use.
例：The keyboard is a large and clumsy instrument as far as portable computers are concerned...就手提电脑而言，键盘就显得大而笨重了。
例：It was a clumsy looking aeroplane.那架飞机样子很难看。
adv. 笨拙地；粗陋地
 - lumpingly, awkwardly

Word: mannerism
Vocabulary: mannerism
(once / 4915 pages)
n
Does someone you know always shrug in a particular way or say "You know what I mean?" at the end of every sentence? Well, that's a mannerism, a habitual gesture or way of speaking.
Generally, we don't use then term mannerism as a critical term for our friends' behavior, but when applied as a term of art criticism, it can be a negative thing. If a critic talks about a writer's mannerisms, for example, it's probably intended as an insult — suggesting they're writing in a lazy or clichéd way. However, Mannerism, with a capital "M," refers to a specific 16th-century Italian style of painting known for its artificial (as opposed to naturalistic) effects.
WORD FAMILY
mannerism: mannerisms+/ manner: mannerism, mannerly, manners /mannerly: unmannerly/ manners: mannerses, mannerss
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the early days of transplants, some believed that a transplant recipient would adopt mannerisms or personality traits from the donor.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
“The vocalization,” she wrote, “is often done by people with horrid voices and sentimental mannerisms.”
Washington Post(Dec 08, 2016)
Maybe there’s something a little dated in the mannerism that Mr. Redbone brings to his evocation of the Delta bluesman Robert Johnson.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)

Word: intelligentsia
Front: intelligentsia
[ɪnˌtelɪˈdʒentsiə] (17796/13067 -1)
Vocabulary: intelligentsia
(once / 18297 pages)
n
These people are more than class presidents and valedictorians. They're more than super nerds. They're the intelligentsia, the intellectual superstars of society.
This adjective for the big-brained elite kind of sounds like the mob — a very, very nerdy mob. It's true, the intelligentsia are the most erudite artists, writers, pundits and thinkers around. They all hang out together to trade brilliant ideas and debate the most heady issues of the day. And because no one else ever has any idea what they're talking about.
WORD FAMILY
intelligentsia
USAGE EXAMPLES
To them, undomesticated crassness meant that he wasn’t one of the intelligentsia or the political elite.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
His biggest worry was that capitalism was producing its own gravediggers in the form of an anti-capitalist intelligentsia.
Economist(Dec 20, 2016)
It’s been retweeted thousands of times, gaining fawning praise from much of the liberal intelligentsia.
Slate(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 知识分子; 知识界
分布：知识阶层(100%)
→来自intelligent,聪明的，有才智的。
知识界(intilligent知识分子+ia)[-ia 1.表名词"某种病"2.表名词"总称,状态"]
N-SING-COLL
知识分子;知识阶层;知识界
The intelligentsia in a country or community are the most educated people there, especially those interested in the arts, philosophy, and politics.
例：I was not high up enough in the intelligentsia to be invited to such exalted meetings.我在知识界的资历还没有高到能受邀参加这种盛会。
n. 知识分子；知识界
 - intellectual community, clerisy

Word: qualitatively
Front: qualitatively
['kwɒlɪtətɪvlɪ] (17890/16300)
Back: adv. 质量上
分布：从质量方面看(50%)，品质上(50%)
ADJ
质量上的;质的;品质的；性质的
Qualitative means relating to the nature or stardand of something, rather than to its quantity.
例：There are qualitative differences in the way children and adults think...孩子和成年人的思维方式有质的不同。
例：That's the whole difference between quantitative and qualitative research.那就是定量研究和定性研究之间的重大差别。

Word: churn
Front: churn
[tʃɜ:n] (8407/9874 -1)
Vocabulary: churn
(once / 1456 pages)
nv
A churn is a container that you fill with cream and then agitate until the cream becomes butter. You may have only bought butter at the store, but your ancestors probably used a traditional plunger-type churn to make their own.
The verb churn means to mix cream until it turns into butter, separating out the buttermilk. You can make your own butter by churning it in a jar if you don't have a churn, shaking heavy cream until it becomes solid. To churn can also simply mean to agitate, like a boat might churn in a turbulent ocean, or your stomach might churn with anxiety about your big test the next day.
WORD FAMILY
churn: churned, churning, churns
USAGE EXAMPLES
All the while, the instruments churn through their material, indifferent to the singer’s plight.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
My parents in their eager search delved through the brochures, the interviews and assessments, the continuous churning of paperwork.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
The churning guitar menace of Dacus’ “Troublemaker, Doppelganger” gets your heart racing and then the spare “Trust” breaks it.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: vt. 搅拌; 制造（奶油等）; 买卖
vi. 制造（奶油等）; 产生剧烈搅动
n. 搅乳桶
时态：churned, churning, churns
分布：搅拌(36%)，搅乳器(28%)，搅动(20%)，翻腾(13%)，〈口〉粗制滥造(3%)
→词源可能同grain, 谷物，颗粒，因奶油剧烈搅拌后颗粒状的外观而引申此词义。
US [tʃɝ:n] verb
MOVE/MIX 晃动／混合
transitive (also churn up)
■to mix something, especially a liquid, with great force 剧烈搅动（尤指液体）；翻搅；使猛烈翻腾
• The sea was churned up by heavy winds. 狂风搅得大海白浪滔天。
transitive
■to mix milk until it becomes butter 用搅乳器搅拌（牛奶以制成奶油）
intransitive
■If your stomach is churning, you feel ill, usually because you are nervous （通常指由于紧张而）胃部翻腾，反胃，恶心
• I had my driving test that morning and my stomach was churning. 参加驾照考试的那天早上，我的胃里一直在翻腾。
UK [tʃɜ:n] US [tʃɝ:n] verb
CUSTOMERS
intransitive or transitive specialized
■If customers churn between different companies that provide a particular service, they change repeatedly from one to another. 顾客辗转光顾提供某种服务的不同公司
UK [tʃɜ:n] US [tʃɝ:n] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] churn sth out informal
■to produce large amounts of something quickly, usually something of low quality （不顾品质快速地）大量生产；粗制滥造
• The factory churns out thousands of pairs of these shoes every week. 那家工厂每周生产数千双这样的劣质鞋子。
• She churns out a new bestselling novel every year. 每年她都能炮制出一本新的畅销小说。
UK [tʃɜ:n] US [tʃɝ:n] noun
CONTAINER 容器
countable
■a large container for transporting milk or for making milk into butter 奶罐，奶桶；搅乳器
• a milk churn 奶罐
• a butter churn 搅乳器
UK [tʃɜ:n] US [tʃɝ:n] noun
CUSTOMERS 客户
[S or U] (also churn rate) specialized
■the number of customers who decide to stop using a service offered by one company and to use another company, usually because it offers a better service or price （客户）流失率
• Internet and cable television companies suffer from a high churn rate. 网际网路公司和有线电视公司的用户流失率很高。
vi. 搅拌；搅动
 - mix round, stir up
vt. 搅拌；搅动
 - mill, mix round

Word: whistling
Front: whistling
['wɪslɪŋ] (17979/19164)
Back: n. 吹笛，吹口哨，啸声
v. 吹口哨( whistle的现在分词 ); 鸣笛; 呼啸着前进; 空指望
分布：吹口哨(62%)，哨声(25%)，吹笛(10%)，动词whistle的现在分词.(3%)
VERB
吹口哨；用口哨吹出(曲调)
When you whistle or when you whistle a tune, you make a series of musical notes by forcing your breath out between your lips, or your teeth.
例：He whistled and sang snatches of songs...他吹口哨并唱了几段小曲。
例：He was whistling softly to himself...他轻声吹着口哨。
VERB
(吃惊、唤狗、赞叹等时)发出口哨声
When someone whistles, they make a sound by forcing their breath out between their lips or their teeth. People sometimes whistle when they are surprised or shocked, or to call a dog, or to show that they are impressed.
例：He whistled, surprised but not shocked...他吹了声口哨，很是惊讶但没有被吓住。
例：Jenkins whistled through his teeth, impressed at last...詹金斯吹了声口哨，最终被打动了。
VERB
(火车)鸣汽笛；(水开时水壶)发出尖啸声
If something such as a train or a kettle whistles, it makes a loud, high sound.
例：Somewhere a train whistled...不知哪里的火车在鸣汽笛。
例：...the whistling car radio.车载收音机的尖啸声
VERB
(风、子弹等)呼啸而过
If something such as the wind or a bullet whistles somewhere, it moves there, making a loud, high sound.
例：The wind was whistling through the building...风呼啸着穿过大楼。
例：As I stood up a bullet whistled past my back.我起身时一颗子弹嗖的一声从我背后擦过。
N-COUNT
(空气或液流通过狭窄孔洞时发出的)呼啸声;(物体在空气中快速移动时的)呼呼声
A whistle is a loud sound produced by air or steam being forced through a small opening, or by something moving quickly through the air.
例：Hugh listened to the whistle of a train.休听着火车呼啸而过。
例：...the whistle of the wind.呼啸的风声
N-COUNT
哨子
A whistle is a small metal tube which you blow in order to produce a loud sound and attract someone's attention.
例：On the platform, the guard blew his whistle...平台上的警卫吹响了哨子。
例：The referee blew his whistle for a penalty.裁判鸣哨判罚。
N-COUNT
上下班的哨声
Some factories and other places where people work have a whistle which signals the beginning and the end of the working day.
例：Every night you could hear the whistles of the steel mill.每晚你都会听见炼钢厂的下班哨声。
N-COUNT
口哨(一种乐器)
A whistle is a simple musical instrument in the shape of a metal pipe with holes.
PHRASE
(尤指向当权者)告发，揭发
If you blow the whistle on someone, or on something secret or illegal, you tell another person, especially a person in authority, what is happening.
例：Companies should protect employees who blow the whistle on dishonest workmates and work practices.公司应该保护那些检举不诚实的工友及工作行为的员工。
PHRASE
得不到;徒然想得到
If you say that someone can whistle for a particular thing, you mean that you are not willing or able to give it to them.
例：'He wants a police escort.' — 'Well, he can whistle for that.'“他希望有警卫护送。”——“那他是指望不上了。”
PHRASE
非常清洁
If you describe something as clean as a whistle, you mean that it is completely clean.
PHRASE
无错的;问心无愧的
If you describe someone as clean as a whistle, you mean that they are not guilty of having done anything wrong.
例：'His private life is as clean as a whistle,' says McSmith.“他的私生活没有任何污点，”麦克史密斯说。
PHRASE
借吹口哨壮胆;故作镇定
If you say that someone is whistling in the dark, you mean that they are trying to remain brave and convince themselves that the situation is not as bad as it seems.
例：Then I waited, trying not to feel as if I were whistling in the dark, but I experienced no easing of my fear and anxiety.之后我开始等待，并竭力保持镇定，可是恐惧和焦虑却丝毫没有消减。
PHRASE
喝一杯(酒)
To wet your whistle means to have a drink.
PHRASE
徒然无功
If you describe someone as whistling in the wind, you mean that they are trying unsuccessfully to change something which cannot be changed.
例：The leader of the Liberal Democrats accused the Prime Minister of whistling in the wind to raise Conservative party morale.自由民主党领导人指责首相鼓舞保守党士气之举根本就是徒劳。

Word: drooping
Front: drooping
['dru:pɪŋ] (17992/19827)
Back: adj. 下垂的，无力的
v. 弯曲或下垂，发蔫( droop的现在分词 )
分布：下垂的(81%)，无力的(13%)，动词droop的现在分词.(6%)
VERB
低垂;下垂;垂落
If something droops, it hangs or leans downwards with no strength or firmness.
例：Crook's eyelids drooped and he yawned...克鲁克的眼皮耷拉下来,打了个哈欠。
例：Pale wilting roses drooped from a blue vase.泛白凋零的玫瑰从蓝色的花瓶里耷拉下来。
adj. 下垂的；无力的
 - weak, nutant
v. 下垂；弯曲；发蔫（droop的现在分词）
 - bending

Word: rifle
Front: rifle
[ˈraɪfl] (研四六托宝 3065/5446 -2)
Vocabulary: rifle
(once / 150 pages)
1n 2v
A rifle is a long, powerful gun that is fired from the shoulder. A soldier is most often armed with a rifle.
Some hunters use rifles, which fire single bullets rather than the small pellets, or shot, that shotguns fire. A rifle can do more damage and is therefore often used in the military. The name comes from the shape of the barrel, which is grooved — or rifled, from the Old French word rifler, "to scratch or groove." Another meaning of rifle comes from the same root but means "to search through things in a hurried way."
WORD FAMILY
rifle: rifled, rifles, rifling+/rifled: unrifled/rifling: riflings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The men learn to fire a Kalashnikov rifle and Makarov pistol, apply a tourniquet and storm a room in tactical formation.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Her “aha moment” as a craftsman didn’t happen until a chance meeting eight years ago with an engraver of rifles and knives.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Morales is suspected of stealing six military rifles and 10 handguns from a U.S.
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 步枪; 来福枪
vt. & vi. 快速搜寻; 匆忙翻找 ; 偷窃; 盗取
时态：rifled, rifling, rifles
分布：步枪(97%)，抢劫(2%)，洗劫(1%)
→来自古法语 rifler,掠夺，抢劫，刮，来自 Proto-Germanic*rifana,刮，抢，来自 rei,撕，砍， 抓，词源同 rive,rift.引申词义挖槽，词义来复枪缩写自 rifled pistol,槽孔火枪。-le,表反复。
n.步枪The ribbon of the rifle is fabricated with fibre.来复枪的带子是用纤维制作的.
【记】外来语：来复枪，一种具有来复口径的火器，被设计从肩膀上开枪。
noun countable
■a type of gun with a long barrel (= part shaped like a tube) , which is fired from the shoulder and is designed to be accurate at long distances 来福枪；步枪
['raɪ.fl] verb intransitive or transitive
■to search quickly through something, often in order to steal something 迅速翻查；匆忙翻找
• The safe had been rifled and the diamonds were gone. 保险柜被洗劫了，钻石不翼而飞。
• He rifled through the papers on the desk, but couldn't find the photographs. 他把桌上的一堆档翻了个遍，但是没有找到照片。
n. [军] 步枪；来复枪
 - musket
vt. 用步枪射击；抢夺；偷走
 - steal away, spirit away

Word: libido
Front: libido
[lɪˈbi:dəʊ] (宝 17995/21817)
Vocabulary: libido
(once / 10111 pages)
n
Libido is a person's sexual desire. Once a year? Once a week? Once a day? There is no correct answer, because everyone's libido is different. However, you hope your partner's is similar to yours!
Libido has only been a word for about 100 years, though the urge to have sex has been around, well, as long as we have. It is Latin for “desire, lust.” You may have heard that the libido changes over the course of a person's life, and that you can even "lose" it if you are, for example, depressed or taking certain medications. People often think famous psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud coined the term. It isn't true, though he did popularize it in his writings on sexual urges.
WORD FAMILY
libido: libidinal, libidinous, libidos+/ libidinous: libidinously
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some suffered from depression and acne; others had to contend with soaring libidos.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
Him she marries, and while he proves companionable as a husband, from the get-go she notices a certain sluggish quality to his libido.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Also: I have a heightened libido, but I don’t have a woman.
New York Times(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: n. 本能冲动，性欲
分布：性欲(89%)，欲望(6%)，生命力(5%)
→来自拉丁语libido,欲望，渴望，词源同love.引申词义爱的冲动，性欲。
【记】“利比多”是弗洛伊德心理分析学中的精神动力，实际是性的本能lib＝lip，I，do：我要do你的lip－性欲
US [-doʊ] (plural libidos)
noun countable
■a person's sexual energy 性欲，性冲动
• Symptoms include weight gain, sleep disorders and loss of libido. 症状包括体重增加、睡眠失调以及性欲消失。
n. [心理] 性欲；生命力
 - vitality, sexual desire

Word: inoculate
Front: inoculate
[ɪˈnɒkjuleɪt] (宝 18002/26275)
Vocabulary: inoculate
(once / 2514 pages)
v
If you inoculate someone, you try to make him immune to a disease by injecting a little dose of it, so his body can make antibodies to fight it off. When you were little you probably got a vaccine to inoculate you against smallpox.
When inoculate first came into English in the 15th century, it referred to inserting a bud onto another plant. Now you’re more likely to hear it used to describe the process of building up immunity to a disease by giving someone a vaccine, which also involves the insertion of foreign matter. You can also inoculate someone metaphorically, with ideas.
WORD FAMILY
inoculate: inoculated, inoculates, inoculating, inoculation, inoculator+/ inoculation: inoculations/inoculator: inoculators
USAGE EXAMPLES
As with the mice, the inoculated monkeys developed immunity: all three vaccines protected completely against infection.
The New Yorker(Aug 15, 2016)
The goal, he said, was “deterring the Russians from further malign cyber action and inoculating the public against such manipulation in the future.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 12, 2016)
While we cleaned and shopped, the family was being interviewed and inoculated in preparation for travel as refugees to the United States.
New York Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: vt. 给…做预防注射
时态：inoculated, inoculating, inoculates
分布：灌输(67%)，给 ... 注射疫苗(33%)
→in-,进入，使，-oc,眼，词源同eye,ocular.比喻用法，由眼引申词义针眼，打针。
【记】in进入，ocul萌芽，ate－种植疫苗－预防性注射I我，no，cul教育，培养，ate：我没有受过教育，所以不知道要注射预防针。参：cultivate（vt 培养；耕作）I，no，cu哭，late：我不哭，虽然打预防针疼，但是对我的身体有好处。
US [-'nɑ:.kjə-] verb transitive
■to give a weak form of a disease to a person or animal, usually by injection , as a protection against that disease 给…接种，给…作预防注射
• My children have been inoculated against polio. 我的孩子都打了小儿麻痹预防针。
vt. [医] 接种；嫁接；灌输
 - to get vaccinated, engraft

Word: meaningfully
Front: meaningfully
['mi:niŋfuli] (17999/19067)
Back: adv. 意味深长地
分布：有意义的(91%)，意味深长的(9%)
ADV-GRADED
有用意地;有目的地;意味深长地
You use meaningfully to indicate that someone has deliberately chosen their words in order to express something in a way which is not obvious but which is understood by the person they are talking to.
例：'I have a knack for making friends, you know,' she added meaningfully...“你知道，我交朋友有一套的，”她故意补充说。
例：'I was once as bewildered as you are,' she said meaningfully.“我曾经和你一样迷惑，”她意味深长地说。
adv. 有意义地；意味深长地；有意图地
 - significantly, expressively

Word: dioxin
Front: dioxin
[daɪˈɒksɪn] (18120/18003)
Back: n. 二氧（杂）芑
分布：二恶英(100%)
→di-, 二。-ox,氧，词源同oxygen, oxide.用来指化学名词二恶英。
US [-'ɑ:k-] noun countable or uncountable
■a poisonous chemical of a type produced when substances used for killing plants are made 二恶英
• Highly toxic dioxins were released into the air. 有剧毒的二恶英被排放到了空气里。

Word: innkeeper
Front: innkeeper
[ˈɪnki:pə(r)] (17977/23565)
Vocabulary: innkeeper
(once / 2298 pages)
n
An innkeeper is someone who owns or manages an inn. When you arrive at an inn, the innkeeper might be the person who checks you in and gives you a key to your room (and maybe a chocolate on your pillow).
The earliest innkeepers ran inns in Europe during medieval times. These inns provided lodging, food, and a place for travelers to leave their horses, and an innkeeper managed all of these details. Today in the UK, some pubs call themselves inns, so you might find an innkeeper serving pints there, while in the US an inn is almost always a more charming version of a motel, run by an innkeeper.
WORD FAMILY
innkeeper: innkeepers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Snowed Inn Innkeepers and guests are trapped in a Colorado hotel in David Ewing’s new farce.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 01, 2016)
The Maine Innkeepers Association says it’s working on legislation to reinstate the tip credit.
Washington Times(Nov 24, 2016)
Other innkeepers, family and friends have been opening their doors to the Casons while the fire keeps blazing.
Washington Times(Nov 19, 2016)
Back: n. 旅店老板，客栈掌柜
分布：客栈老板(56%)，旅馆老板(44%)
→inn,客栈，keeper,老板。
US [-pɚ] mainly old use
noun countable
■a person, especially in the past, who owns or looks after an inn （尤指旧时）旅店老板，客栈掌柜
n. 客栈老板；旅馆主人
 - hosteller, victualler

Word: anachronism
Front: anachronism
[əˈnækrənɪzəm] (18011/19039)
Vocabulary: anachronism
(once / 3922 pages)
n
An anachronism is something that doesn't fit its time period, like if you say you'll "dial" your smartphone.
Anachronism comes from the Greek roots ana- which means "against" and chron- which means "time." Together they represent a situation in which something happens that should not because it belongs to another time period. You see anachronisms all the time in the movies — they occur when you see a jet fly over a Civil War battle! Or knights jousting over a maiden during the time of Shakespeare!
WORD FAMILY
anachronism: anachronisms, anachronistic +/anachronic: anachronism / anachronistic: anachronistically
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is an anachronism, a deeply undemocratic product of a compromise with slave states that serves no real purpose today.
Slate(Dec 19, 2016)
Wellmon avoids anachronism but does not shrink from suggesting lessons for our own time.
Time(Dec 07, 2016)
This stark absence underscores both a shift in consumer patterns and the precious anachronism of what few holiday windows remain.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 时代错误; 不合时代的事，过时的事或人
分布：时代上的错误(60%)，被置错时代或年代的事物(40%)
→前缀ana-, 向上，向后。词根chron, 时间，见chronicle,编年史。
年代错误[chron=time,表示"时间"]
【记】ana向后，错，chron时间，ism名词后缀－年代错误
【参】chronicle（n 编年史）；synchronous（adj 同步的）
noun countable
■a person, thing or idea which exists out of its time in history, especially one which happened or existed later than the period being shown, discussed, etc. 时代错误，年代误植，不合时代的人（或物）
• For some people, marriage is an anachronism from the days when women needed to be protected. 对一些人来说，婚姻是妇女需要受保护的时代的产物，而现在已经不合时宜了。

Word: blank
Front: blank
[blæŋk] (高研四雅 4578/4310 -K2)
Vocabulary: blank
(once / 272 pages)
1adjn 2adj 3nadj 4v
Something that's blank is empty or undecorated. A blank canvas hasn't been drawn or painted on yet — it's clean and unmarked.
A blank computer screen has no information on it, and a blank look on someone's face is completely free of any expression, revealing nothing. If your mind goes blank during a job interview, you are left without any thoughts for a moment. When blank is a noun, it means "a line to be filled in" or "an empty space." In the 1500s, a blank was the empty, white center of a target, from the French word blanc, or "white."
WORD FAMILY
blank: blanked, blanker, blankest, blanking, blankly, blankness, blanks+/blankness: blanknesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
The reality is that he was at work on “Blank Face LP” — and being a father to his 7-year-old daughter.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Falcons owner Arthur Blank said the $1.6 billion Mercedes-Benz Stadium, which opens next year, will be ready to host his MLS team this summer.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“It’s a plain vanilla blank canvas,” she said.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 空白的; 空的，无信息的，未填写的; 茫然的; 空虚的
n. 空的空间或地点; 填空处，空白表格; 坯; 无用的东西
vt. 消失; 挡住通路; [体育运动] 阻止（对手）得分; 打孔，盖印
vi. 走神; 逐渐消失
时态：blanked, blanking, blanks
分布：空白(80%)，空白的(13%)，空白处(4%)，茫然的(3%)
→来自PIE * bhel, 燃烧，发光。此处指发白光，白色。
空白的(blanc的变体)[blanc=white表示"白"]
a.空白的,空着的;失色的n.空白;表格The frank man put the first-rank blank blanket into the tan tank.直率的男子将一流空白毛毯放进黝黑的大容器
adjective
EMPTY 空的
 ADVANCED
■empty or clear, or containing no information or mark 空白的，无字的；空着的
• a blank sheet of paper 一张白纸
• a blank tape/computer screen 空白磁带／空白的电脑萤幕
• Sign your name in the blank space at the bottom of the form. 在表格底部的空白处签名。
[blæŋk] adjective
NOT REACTING 无反应的
■showing no understanding or no emotion in the expression on your face 茫然的，木然的
• a blank stare/expression 茫然的凝视／木然的表情
[blæŋk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] blank sth out
COVER
■to intentionally cover over something that is written so that it cannot be read 遮住；涂掉；抹去
• Some of the names in the report have been blanked out. 报告中有些名字已经被抹掉了。
FORGET
■to stop yourself thinking about a memory because it is unpleasant and you would prefer not to remember it 刻意忘记，抹去对…的记忆
• There may be traumatic incident in your past that you have blanked out. 过去你可能经历过创伤，而你已经从记忆中抹去了。
[blæŋk] noun countable
■a space in a piece of writing or on a form, left empty for information to be added （档或表格的）空白处，空格
• Fill in the blanks in this form. 将这份表格填好。
■something not yet drawn or finished, such as a key not yet cut into a finished shape 坯件，原坯
■(also blank cartridge)
■a small tube containing explosive but no bullet, used in a gun in order to make a loud noise without causing harm 空弹；空包弹
• The starter's pistol fires blanks. 发令员的枪放的是空包弹。
open, blank, vacant, hollow, empty
这组词都有“空的”的意思，其区别是：
open: 指未被占有，从而可被别人得到的。
blank: 指上面没有写字、印刷或做记号的空白表面，或指上面留着准备被填写的空白处。
vacant: 普通用词，侧重某物或某个位置没有被占用。
hollow: 指物体中间是空的。
empty: 指空无一人或一物，或空洞无意义的。
adj. [电讯] [印刷] [计] 空白的；空虚的；单调的
 - flat, vacant
n. [电讯] [印刷] [计] 空白；空虚；空白表格
 - gap, vacancy
vt. 使…无效；使…模糊；封锁
 - fuzz up, bedim
vi. 消失；成为空白
 - disappear, vanish away

Word: uptake
Front: uptake
[ˈʌpteɪk] (17953/10707)
Back: n. <口>举起; <非正>（尤指对新事物的）理解力; <术>摄入; <矿>上风井
分布：摄取(91%)，领会(8%)，上风井(1%)
→比喻用法。
noun [S or U] specialized
■the rate or act of taking something in 吸收（率），摄入（率）
• Plants in their growth stage generally exhibit an increased uptake of nutrients. 植物在其生长阶段通常会吸收更多的养分。
■UK
■the rate or act of accepting something 接受（率）
• There is a 90% uptake of vaccination in this country. 这个国家的疫苗接种率为90%。
• Uptake of places on the training course has been disappointing. 参加培训课程的人数令人失望。
['ʌp.teɪk] noun [S or U]
be quick/slow on the uptake informal
■If someone is quick/slow on the uptake they understand things easily/with difficulty 领悟得快／慢
• He's a bit slow on the uptake, so you may have to repeat the instructions a few times. 他领悟力比较差，因此你可能得重复指导他好几遍。
n. 摄取；领会；举起
 - up with, lift

Word: bridesmaid
Front: bridesmaid
[ˈbraɪdzmeɪd] (18014/15887 -1)
Back: n. 女傧相，伴娘
分布：女傧相(100%)
noun countable
■a girl or woman who during the marriage ceremony helps the woman who is getting married 伴娘，女傧相
['braɪdz.meɪd] noun countable
Always a bridesmaid , never the bride. saying
■said about someone who is never the most important person in a situation 永远都是配角的（指某人在任何事情中都未担当过最为重要的角色）

Word: Spanish-language

Word: labeling
Front: labeling
['leɪblɪŋ] (17997/-)
Back: 标签费，标贴，标志
分布：动词label的现在分词形式(100%)
n. 标签；标记；标号
 - marks, ticket, tag
v. 贴标签；分类（label的现在分词）
 - ranging, assorting

Word: tumbling
Front: tumbling
['tʌmblɪŋ] (18022/20467)
Back: n. 摔跤，翻跟头，翻筋斗
adj. 歪斜状的
v. 倒塌( tumble的现在分词 ); 翻滚; 突然摔倒; <非正>恍然大悟
分布：摔跤(37%)，翻跟头(35%)，动词tumble的现在分词.(14%)，斜的(14%)
VERB
滚下;摔倒;跌落;翻滚而下
If someone or something tumbles somewhere, they fall there with a rolling or bouncing movement.
例：A small boy tumbled off a third floor fire escape...一个小男孩从3楼防火梯上摔了下来。
例：The dog had tumbled down the cliff…那只狗已摔下了悬崖。
VERB
(物价等)暴跌，剧降
If prices or levels of something are tumbling, they are decreasing rapidly.
例：House prices have tumbled by almost 30 per cent in real terms since mid-1989...房价自 1989 年中期以来实际上暴跌了近 30%。
例：Share prices continued to tumble today on the Tokyo stock market.东京股市的股价今天继续暴跌。
VERB
(水)冲刷，滚滚流过
If water tumbles, it flows quickly over an uneven surface.
例：Waterfalls crash and tumble over rocks.瀑布飞流直溅，冲刷着岩石。
例：...the aromatic pines and tumbling streams of the Zonba Plateau.松巴高原芬芳的松树与湍急的河流
VERB
突然闯入（某地）;陷入，浑然不觉地进入(某种状态)
If you say that someone tumbles into a situation or place, you mean that they get into it without being fully in control of themselves or knowing what they are doing.
例：Many mothers and children tumble into poverty after divorce...很多母亲和孩子在离婚后陷入贫困。
例：There's no thought more pleasing than the prospect of tumbling into my apartment and slamming the door.没有比一头冲进自己的公寓摔上房门更让我开心的事了。
n. 翻筋斗；摔跤
 - loop, handspring
v. 跌倒；毁灭；被绊倒（tumble的ing形式）
 - ruining

Word: authorial
Front: authorial
[ɔ:ˈθɔ:riəl] (17830/26041)
Back: adj. 著者的
分布：作家的(67%)，著者的(33%)
US [ɑ:'θɔ:r.i-] formal
adjective [before noun]
■relating to the author of a book 著者的，作者的，作家的
adj. 著作者的
 - auctorial

Word: Alamo

Word: proximal
Front: proximal
[ˈprɒksɪməl] (17763/9417)
Vocabulary: proximal
(once / 1131 pages)
adj
Something that is proximal is situated closest to the point of attachment or origin. In medicine, it means closest to the center of the body.
The opposite of proximal is distal and these terms are also used in geology. If you're talking about the proximal lava beds, you mean the ones closest to where the volcano erupted. Proximal is related to proximity, which means "nearness," and approximate, which means close to the original.
WORD FAMILY
proximal: proximally, proximity +/ proximity: proximities
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Rust” was issued by Los Angeles experimental techno imprint Proximal, which has returned from an extended hiatus to issue a few new records in 2016.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 30, 2016)
But the win was costly because New Orleans lost Dante Cunningham in the first half because of a non-displaced right proximal fibula fracture.
Washington Times(Nov 26, 2016)
Hawaii seems in hindsight like a no-brainer as a conceptual inspiration for the setting because of all its unique, proximal biomes.
Time(Oct 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 最接近的
分布：邻近的(50%)，近身体中央的(30%)，近似的(20%)
【记】源于：proximate（adj 最近的）
【反】distant（adj 远的）
adj. 最接近的， [地质] [昆] [解剖] 邻近的；近身体中央的
 - immediate, adjacent, nearby

Word: psychosis
Front: psychosis
[saɪˈkəʊsɪs] (17988/17450 -1)
Vocabulary: psychosis
(once / 5388 pages)
n
If your Uncle Marvin starts talking to his furniture and sewing his own clothes out of newspapers, he may be suffering from psychosis, which is a serious psychiatric illness in which a person loses touch with reality.
The Greek psykhe, or "mind" combines with the Latin suffix -osis, "abnormal condition," to form the word psychosis. An "abnormal condition of the mind" sounds like it could describe a lot of mental conditions, and in fact psychosis is a broad term that covers many different disorders. The symptom that those who suffer from psychosis have in common is that they don't experience reality in the same way that most people do; they may hallucinate, or see and hear things that aren't really there.
WORD FAMILY
psychosis: psychoses, psychotic +/antipsychotic: antipsychotics/ psychotic: antipsychotic, psychotically, psychotics
USAGE EXAMPLES
Many women with menstrual problems like excessive bleeding or pain, or endometriosis, or menstrual migraines or menstrual psychosis, are helped tremendously by skipping their periods.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
Chantix’s updated label will still mention reports of psychosis, paranoia, anxiety and other problems.
Washington Times(Dec 16, 2016)
It was clearly influenced by classic directors – Ron Howard, Steven Spielberg – but with this strange psychosis.
The Guardian(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. 精神病; 精神错乱; 精神上极度的紧张，不安
分布：精神病(94%)，精神不正常(6%)
→psycho-,精神，心理，-osis,疾病症状。
US [-'koʊ-] (plural psychoses)
noun countable or uncountable
■any of a number of the more severe mental diseases that make you believe things that are not real 精神病，精神变态
• She fell into a drug-induced psychosis. 她因吸毒而患上了精神病。
n. [内科] 精神病；精神错乱
 - mental illness, mental disease

Word: chisel
Front: chisel
[ˈtʃɪzl] (托雅宝 16996/15521 -1)
Vocabulary: chisel
(once / 1297 pages)
1nv 2v
When you carve a statue from a block of marble, you use a tool called a chisel to cut out the shape. Chisel is the name of the tool and also the name of the action.
A chisel has a flat, sharp end. To carve using a chisel, you hit the back of it with a hammer or another blunt instrument. Chisel can also mean "to cheat." If someone chisels you out of your allowance, they shaved it away from you bit by bit.
WORD FAMILY
chisel: chisel-like, chiseled, chiseler, chiseling, chiselled, chiselling, chisels+/chiseler: chiselers
USAGE EXAMPLES
He sports dark stubble that blurs the chiselled jaw that matches his sportman’s physique.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
A few weeks later, his office called back, disclosing that the agency would chisel a star onto its marble Memorial Wall in his honor.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
When he first toured Sanmen in 2013, Mr. Benjamin recalls being shocked to see construction workers chiseling up newly poured concrete.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 凿子，錾子; <俚>诈骗
vt. & vi. 凿，雕; 錾，镌; 欺骗; 钻进
时态：chiselled, chiselling, chisels
分布：凿(48%)，凿子(28%)，雕(15%)，欺骗(9%)
→来自词根cid, 砍，劈，词源同decide, excise.
凿子(chis挖+el)[-el表名词"人或物"]
【记】chi吃，se涩：用凿子凿下来的碎末，吃起来比较涩。
noun countable
■a tool with a long metal blade that has a sharp edge for cutting wood, stone, etc. 凿子；錾子
['tʃɪz.əl] verb transitive (-ll- or US USUALLY -l-)
■to use a chisel （用凿子）凿，雕，刻
• She chiselled a figure out of the marble. 她用大理石雕刻出一个人像。
vt. 雕，刻； [木] 凿；欺骗
 - chip, sell, character
vi. 雕，刻； [木] 凿；欺骗
 - kid, pull a fast one
n. [木] 凿子
 - firmer

Word: scrunch
Front: scrunch
[skrʌntʃ] (18003/33397)
Back: vi. <非正>发出喀嚓声; 蜷缩
vt. 压; 挤压; 扭曲（面部）; 把…揉成小团
时态：scrunched, scrunching, scrunches
分布：蜷缩(36%)，嘎吱嘎吱地作响(16%)，嘎吱嘎吱的响声(16%)，揉皱(12%)，碾(12%)，压(8%)
→来自拟声词 crunch 的扩大形式，模仿嘎吱的声音。
verb
MAKE A NOISE 发出噪音
intransitive or transitive
■to make the noise produced by hard things being pressed together, or to press hard things together so that they make a noise （使）嘎吱作响
• The pebbles scrunched beneath our feet. 我们脚下的鹅卵石喀喀作响。
• We scrunched snow under our feet. 雪在我们脚下窸窣作响。
[skrʌntʃ] verb
CRUSH 挤压
transitive
■to crush material such as paper or cloth into a rough ball in the hand 将…揉成团
• She scrunched the letter up and threw it in the bin. 她把信揉成团，丢进了垃圾筒。
[skrʌntʃ] verb
MAKE SMALL 使变小
intransitive or transitive [+ adv/prep]
■to make something or yourself smaller to fit into a small space 缩小；收缩
• The cat was hiding, scrunched up under the sofa. 猫躲了起来，蜷缩在沙发下面。
intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep]
■to make your face or part of your face into a tight shape in order to show an emotion, or to go into a tight shape which expresses an emotion 扭曲（面部）；板着脸
• He was red with anger and his face was all scrunched up. 他气得面红耳赤，板着脸孔。
vt. 碾碎；缩紧；使弯曲
 - wind, curve
vi. 蜷缩；嘎吱嘎吱地作响
 - gather up, cower

Word: unsettled
Front: unsettled
[ʌnˈsetld] (17898/18622 -1)
Back: adj. （天气、政治形势等）不稳定的; 未定居的; 未解决的; 未决定的
v. 扰乱，使不安宁( unsettle的过去式和过去分词)
分布：不稳定的(58%)，未处理的(28%)，未定居的(14%)
US [-'setˌ-] adjective
CHANGING 变化
■likely to change suddenly; not calm or having a regular pattern 易变的；动荡不定的；不规则的；无规律的
• a period of unsettled weather 天气变幻莫测的一段时期
• an unsettled political climate 不稳定的政治气候
UK [ʌn'set.ld] US [-'setˌ-] adjective
WORRIED 焦虑不安的
■nervous and worried; unable to relax 焦虑不安的，心绪不宁的
• Children tend to get unsettled if you keep on changing their routine. 如果你不断地去改变孩子们的日常习惯，他们容易变得躁动不安。
adj. 未决定的；怀疑的；未处理的；不整齐的
 - suspicious, skeptical

Word: cost-benefit
Front: cost-benefit
[ˈkɔstˈbenifit] None
Back: adj. 成本效益（分析）的

Word: sixteenth-century

Word: crumbled
Front: crumbled
[ˈkrʌmbld] (18016/36513)
Back: v. （把…）弄碎， （使）碎成细屑( crumble的过去式和过去分词 ); 衰落; 坍塌; 损坏
分布：崩溃(68%)，弄碎(22%)，破灭(10%)
V-ERG
(使)破碎;(使)成碎屑
If something crumbles, or if you crumble it, it breaks into a lot of small pieces.
例：Under the pressure, the flint crumbled into fragments...燧石在压力的作用下碎成了小块。
例：Roughly crumble the cheese into a bowl.把干酪大致弄碎，装入一只碗内。
VERB
坍塌;损坏;崩裂
If an old building or piece of land is crumbling, parts of it keep breaking off.
例：The high and low-rise apartment blocks built in the 1960s are crumbling...20世纪60年代建造的高低不一的公寓楼群正在逐渐破损坍塌。
例：The cliffs were estimated to be crumbling into the sea at the rate of 10ft an hour.预计那处悬崖会以每小时10英尺的速度坍塌坠入大海。
VERB
(体系、关系或希望等)崩溃，瓦解，消亡
If something such as a system, relationship, or hope crumbles, it comes to an end.
例：Their economy crumbled under the weight of United Nations sanctions...在联合国制裁的重压之下，他们的经济崩溃了。
例：The traditional marriage is crumbling fast...传统婚姻正迅速消失。
VERB
不再抵抗;放弃奋斗;无力应付
If someone crumbles, they stop resisting or trying to win, or become unable to cope.
例：Brighton have too many experienced players to crumble just because we are in town...布赖顿队有很多经验丰富的队员，他们不会因为我们在城里就丧失斗志。
例：He is a skilled and ruthless leader who isn't likely to crumble under pressure.他是个经验丰富、冷酷无情的领导，不会被压力击垮。
N-VAR
酥皮水果甜点
A crumble is a baked pudding made from fruit covered with a mixture of flour, butter, and sugar.
例：...apple crumble.酥皮苹果甜点

Word: chalkboard
Front: chalkboard
[ˈtʃɔ:kbɔ:d] (18026/48858)
Back: n. 黑板
分布：黑板(100%)
US ['tʃɑ:k.bɔ:rd] noun countable US for blackboard
n. 黑板
 - blackboard

Word: pillowcase
Front: pillowcase
[ˈpɪləʊkeɪs] (18021/24767 -1)
Back: n. 枕套（等同pillow slip）
分布：枕头套(100%)
US [-oʊ-] (also pillowslip)
noun countable
■a cloth cover for a pillow which can easily be removed and washed 枕头套

Word: seamstress
Front: seamstress
[ˈsi:mstrəs] (18034/33212)
Vocabulary: seamstress
(once / 5677 pages)
n
A seamstress is a person whose job involves sewing clothing. You could be a seamstress if you hem your own pants, but most seamstresses work in factories sewing garments using sewing machines.
Traditionally, a seamstress was a woman who sewed seams in clothes using a machine, or occasionally by hand. Seamstresses weren't considered as skilled as a dressmaker, who makes custom clothing, or a tailor, who alters clothes to fit a specific person. Each of these titles is a distinct job, but they are commonly used interchangeably. Some people use the newer, unisex term sewist instead of seamstress.
WORD FAMILY
seamstress: seamstresses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Seamstresses also worked overtime, devoting 300 hours to Lily Donaldson’s outfit, hand set with more than 2,500 stones.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 30, 2016)
His mother supported the family as a seamstress.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 25, 2016)
Can factories full of professional seamstresses and tailors not handle a pattern that includes a pocket?
BBC(Nov 11, 2016)
Back: n. 女裁缝，做针线活的妇女
分布：女裁缝(100%)
→来自古英语 seamestre,女裁缝，来自 seam,裁缝，-ster,表阴性，词源同 spinster.后该词性别指 示逐渐消失，为避免歧义，又附加后缀-ess,表阴性。
女裁缝(seamster裁缝;seam衣服上的缝)[-ress 1.表名词,指"女性"2.表名词,指"物品"]
【记】seam（n /v 缝），stress女一缝衣服的女人
['si:m.strəs] ['sem-] old-fashioned
noun countable
■a woman whose job is sewing and making clothes 女裁缝
n. 女裁缝师；做针线活的妇女
 - couturier

Word: creak
Front: creak
[kri:k] (12483/16400 -1)
Vocabulary: creak
(once / 755 pages)
vn
To creak is to make a high, groaning sound, like a rusty gate swinging shut. The old, worn floorboards in your house might creak as you walk down the hall.
Old doors and gates creak as they open, and tree branches creak as they blow around in very heavy wind. The sound itself is also a creak: "The creak of the front door in the silent house made them jump." In the 14th century, to creak was to "utter a harsh cry," and soon afterward it came to mean the same noise made by an object. Creak is imitative — the word itself sounds like a creak.
WORD FAMILY
creak: creaked, creaking, creaks, creaky +/creaking: creakings/ creaky: creakily
USAGE EXAMPLES
The maple floorboards were bubbled, and my twelve-year-old stride activated a creak.
Salon(Dec 28, 2016)
He settled down to his hamburger and milkshake and a comforting pile of press clippings about himself when the door creaked open.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Italian banks are creaking under the weight of 360 billion euros of bad loans - a third of the euro zone's total - following the financial crisis.
Reuters(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vi. 发出咯吱声或叽嘎声
n. 咯吱声或叽嘎声
时态：creaked, creaking, creaks
分布：嘎吱声(55%)，辗轧声(15%)，嘎吱嘎吱地作响(15%)，发出辗轧声(15%)
→拟声词。
verb intransitive
■When a door or floorboard, etc. creaks, it makes a long low sound when it moves or is moved （门、地板等）嘎吱作响
• The door creaked on its hinges. 门打开时铰链处嘎吱作响。
• I heard the floorboards creak as he crept closer. 他爬近时我听见地板嘎吱嘎吱地响。
[kri:k] noun countable
■a noise made when something creaks 嘎吱声
• I heard a creak on the stairs. 我听见楼梯上嘎吱一声响。
n. 嘎吱嘎吱声
 - crunchiness

Word: sniff
Front: sniff
[snɪf] (高研六托 5870/5455 -2)
Vocabulary: sniff
(once / 696 pages)
vn
Smell that cake baking? No? Take a sniff. A sniff is when you take air in through your nose to smell something.
Dogs sniff a lot. It's how they get to know the world. Imagine this when you see the figurative use for sniff meaning to snoop as in, "The detective was sniffing around for clues." Sniff is one of those words that sound like what they mean. Take a big sniff and listen, you'll see. If you have a cold, and you keep sniffing, you have what's known as the sniffles.
WORD FAMILY
sniff: sniffed, sniffer, sniffing, sniffs+/sniffer: sniffers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sniffing and coughing, he visibly drains over the course of our two-hour conversation.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
Then they plunge a 2-meter-long metal rod into the earth, bring it up, and sniff the tip for the stench of decomposition.
Science Magazine(Dec 14, 2016)
Afterward, Schmetzer praised them all, right down to the reserves who never saw a sniff of game action.
Seattle Times(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: vt. 鄙视地说; 嗅; 深深吸入; 发现; 忿忿不平地说
vi. 鄙视; 嗅，闻; 呼哧地吸气; 寻找，好奇地查看
n. 吸气，擤鼻声; 一股气味
时态：sniffed, sniffing, sniffs
分布：嗅(64%)，嗤之以鼻(11%)，气味(9%)，吸气(6%)，嗅到(3%)，找出(3%)，嗤之以鼻地说(2%)，吸入(2%)
→来自辅音丛 sn-,鼻子，闻，嗅，发鼻音，比较 sneer,snore,snicker,sniff,snuff.
vi.嗅...味道;抽鼻涕;对嗤之以鼻,蔑视The dog sniffed at the bone.那只狗嗅着那根骨头.
verb
 ADVANCED intransitive or transitive
■to smell something by taking air in through your nose 嗅，闻
• He sniffed his socks to see if they needed washing. 他嗅了嗅自己的袜子，看是否需要洗了。
• Dogs love sniffing each other. 狗喜欢相互嗅闻。
• She sniffed at her glass of wine before tasting it. 品尝那杯酒之前，她先闻了闻。
• Dogs are sometimes used at airports to sniff out (= find by smelling) drugs in people's luggage. 有时候，狗被用来在机场嗅查人们的行李中是否有毒品。
• He was expelled from school for sniffing glue (= taking in the gas from glue because of the feelings of pleasure that this gives). 他因吸食强力胶毒而被学校开除。
 ADVANCED intransitive
■to take air in quickly through your nose, usually to stop the liquid inside the nose from flowing out （鼻塞）抽鼻子
• You were sniffing a lot - I presumed you had a cold. 你不停地抽鼻子——我觉得你感冒了
transitive
■to speak in an unpleasant way, showing that you have a low opinion of something 嗤之以鼻地说，轻蔑地说
• [+ speech] "They didn't even serve wine at dinner!" she sniffed. “他们在正餐时间竟然不供应酒！”她轻蔑地说。
[snɪf] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  sniff at sth
DISAPPROVE
■to show disapproval or a low opinion of something 蔑视，轻视，对…不屑
• The men at City Hall, sniffing at anything too ideological, insist that big cuts are just not practical. 市政府的官员们对一切过于意识形态的东西都嗤之以鼻，他们坚持认为大幅删减根本不实际。
SHOW INTEREST (also sniff around (sth))
■to show that you are interested in something 对…表现出兴趣，对…感兴趣
• A few computer firms are sniffing at the project already. 已经有几家电脑公司对这一企划案表现出兴趣。
• Chief executive David Prosser said the takeover speculation was wrong and no one was sniffing around. 首席执行官戴维‧普罗瑟认为该收购想法行不通，没有人对此感兴趣。
not to be sniffed at informal
■valuable or worth having 不可蔑视的；值得认真对待的
• A two million pound profit is not to be sniffed at. 200万英镑的利润不可轻视。
[snɪf] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] sniff sth out
■to search for and discover something 发现；搜寻出
• Her job is to go round the big fashion shows sniffing out talent for a modelling agency. 她的工作就是观赏大型时装发表会，为模特儿经纪公司发掘人才。
[snɪf] noun countable
■a quick breath in through the nose to smell something, or to stop liquid in the nose from coming out 吸气；闻；抽鼻子
• Have a sniff of this medicine - it smells revolting, doesn't it? 闻闻这种药——有一股让人作呕的味道，对吗？
• "I don't think much of that idea," she said with a sniff (= an expression of a low opinion). “我觉得这主意不怎么样。”她吸了吸鼻子轻蔑地说。
vi. 嗅；嗤之以鼻
 - smell, snuff at
vt. 嗅；闻；用力吸；发觉
 - smell, nose, discover
n. 吸，闻；嗤之以鼻；气味；以鼻吸气；吸气声
 - suction, smell, wind

Word: floodwaters

Word: commercialize
Front: commercialize
[kəˈmɜ:ʃəlaɪz] (托 18042/44677)
Back: vt. （尤指不择手段地）利用…牟利，商业化
时态：commercialized, commercializing, commercializes
分布：使商业化(100%)
US [-'mɝ:-] verb transitive usually passive
■to organize something to make a profit 使商业化，使商品化；从…中赚钱

Word: mass-produced
Front: mass-produced
[.mæs prə'djuːst] None
Vocabulary: mass-produced
(once / 28619 pages)
adj
Mass-produced things are made on a large scale, usually in a factory or plant. Cars, computers, and sneakers are all mass-produced. Your dad's famous chocolate chip cookies are not.
Mass-produced items are standardized, if not identical to each other. A factory that makes toasters might produce tens of thousands of toasters that look exactly the same. They're made in such huge quantities on an assembly line — they're mass-produced. The process itself is called mass production. These terms were first used during the growth of the automobile industry in the 1920s.
WORD FAMILY
mass-produce: mass-produced
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sannito said her version is nothing like mass-produced biscotti, often so hard and dry it must be dunked in coffee to soften it up.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The sachets are typically mass-produced in West Africa, with colorful packaging.
Seattle Times(Dec 11, 2016)
Mass-produced broadsheets that demonized either side were handed out like leaflets on the street.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. 大量生产的
v. 大量生产( mass-produce的过去式和过去分词 )
分布：大批生产的(100%)
VERB
(通常指用机器)批量生产，大量生产
If someone mass-produces something, they make it in large quantities, usually by machine. This means that the product can be sold cheaply.
例：...the invention of machinery to mass-produce footwear.批量制鞋机器的发明

Word: pancreatic
Front: pancreatic
[ˌpæŋkrɪ'ætɪk] (17940/9426)
Back: adj. 胰腺的
分布：胰脏的(100%)
ADJ
胰（腺）的
Pancreatic means relating to or involving the pancreas.
例：...pancreatic juices.胰液

Word: polka
Front: polka
[ˈpɒlkə] (18036/33512 -1)
Back: n. 波尔卡舞; 女用紧身短上衣
v. 跳波尔卡舞
时态：polkaed, polkaing, polkas
分布：波尔卡舞(71%)，跳波尔卡舞(29%)
→来自法语polka,波尔卡舞，来自德语Polka,波兰女人，来自Polak,波兰男人，-a,表阴性。该舞蹈于上世纪于1835年在捷克首都开始流行成为时尚，后流行于整个西方社会。
US ['poʊl-] noun countable
■a fast active dance that was popular in the 19th century, or a piece of music that can be used for this dance 波尔卡舞（19世纪流行的轻快舞蹈）；波尔卡舞曲

Word: strainer
Front: strainer
[ˈstreɪnə(r)] (18032/34902)
Back: n. 滤器，滤盆，滤网
分布：过滤器(84%)，拉紧者(11%)，松紧装置(5%)
→strain,过滤，-er,表物。
US [-nɚ] noun countable
■a kitchen utensil with a lot of holes in it for separating liquid from solid 滤器；滤网；滤盆
• a tea strainer 茶漏
n. 过滤器； [机] 松紧扣；用力拉的人，拉紧者
 - cold filter, percolator

Word: externalize
Front: externalize
[ɪkˈstɜ:nəlaɪz] (宝 17829/45961)
Vocabulary: externalize
(once / 36480 pages)
v
If you externalize something, you show or express it on the outside. You can externalize your anger at the poor quality of the food at the restaurant, but the other patrons would probably prefer you didn't rant at the waiter in front of them — so would the waiter.
Psychologically speaking, externalize is the opposite of internalize. You can externalize your fears in a constructive way by writing about them or drawing them, which will help you make sense of them. This is a much better solution than internalizing your fears, because you need to face them and deal with them once and for all. If you keep them bottled up, it is just like to cause you anxiety.
WORD FAMILY
externalize: externalization, externalized, externalizes, externalizing+/ external: externalise, externality, externalize, externally, externals/externalise: externalisation, externalised, externalises, externalising/ externality: externalities/externalization: externalizations
USAGE EXAMPLES
But sometimes having your darkest anxieties externalized into gripping, scary theater can be a splendid means of catharsis.
New York Times(Nov 04, 2016)
“It comes from trying to solve a personal problem and then externalizing it,” Chakravorti said.
The Guardian(Oct 27, 2016)
With acting you have to externalize, or enlarge the internalizations, make them visible.
New York Times(Aug 24, 2016)
Back: vt. 给…以外形，使客观化，使具体化
时态：externalized, externalizing, externalizes
分布：把 ... 归于外因(50%)，使外在化(50%)
【记】external（adj 外部的；客观的；表面的n 外部, 外面）
US [-'stɝ:-] verb transitive specialized
■to express feelings, especially bad feelings, such as anger 表露，表达（尤指不愉快的情绪）
• You have to learn to externalize your anger. 你要学会把愤怒发泄出来。
vt. 给…以外形；使具体化，使客观化
 - embody, objectify

Word: peep
Front: peep
[pi:p] (研四六宝 16608/12052 -1)
Vocabulary: peep
(once / 373 pages)
1vn 2vn
To peep is to take a quick, secret glance at something. Kids might peep into the living room on Christmas morning to see if Santa came the night before.
You can peep through the blinds to see who's ringing your doorbell, or watch the sky, hoping the sun will peep (or suddenly appear) from behind the clouds so you can go to the beach as planned. Another kind of peep is the high chirping sound a chick or baby bird makes. This second meaning is imitative — in other words, the word peep sounds like the noise itself.
WORD FAMILY
peep: peeped, peeper, peeping, peeps+/peeper: peepers
USAGE EXAMPLES
That this might be less a comedy and more a peep into how coercive control operates isn’t dwelled upon in these articles.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Peeps manufacturer Just Born began operating in Bethlehem in the 1930s.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
The explanation was the first social-media peep in months from the rapper, who was raised in Chicago.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: v. 窥视，偷看; （小鸟等）唧唧地叫; （从隐蔽处）出现
n. 窥视; 唧唧声; 隐现; 慢慢露出
时态：peeped, peeping, peeps
分布：偷看(47%)，窥视(28%)，吱吱叫(10%)，慢慢露出(6%)，瞥见(5%)，初现(4%)
→来自中古英语pepen,来自piken拼写变体，词源同peek.
v.偷看,窥视After a deep sleep, the weeping sweeper keeps on peeping the sheep on the steep.酣睡之后,哭泣的清扫者继续窥视峭壁上的羊.
【记】ee与眼睛有关
verb
LOOK 看
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to secretly look at something for a short time, usually through a hole （通常指透过小孔）窥视，偷看
• I saw her peeping through the curtains/ into the room. 我看见她透过窗帘／向房间里偷看。
[pi:p] verb
APPEAR 出现
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to appear slowly and not be completely seen 隐现，微现；缓缓出现
• A few early flowers had peeped up through the snow. 几朵早开的花从雪地里探出头来。
• The cat's tail was peeping out from under the bed. 猫的尾巴从床底下露了出来。
[pi:p] verb
NOISE 噪音
intransitive
■to make a weak high noise 唧唧叫，发出尖而弱的声音
[pi:p] noun
SOMETHING SAID 所说的话
only singular informal
■a statement, answer or complaint 讲话；答覆；牢骚
• No one has raised a peep about this dreadful behaviour. 对如此恶劣的行径竟然没有人吭声。
• One more peep out of you and there'll be no television tomorrow. 你再抱怨一声，明天就不准看电视了。
• There hasn't been a peep out of (= any form of communication from) my sister for a couple of weeks. 好几周没有我妹妹的消息了。
[pi:p] noun
NOISE 噪音
countable
■the weak high noise made by young birds （小鸟的）吱吱声，啾啾声
[pi:p] noun
LOOK 看
only singular
■a quick look 一瞥
• Take/Have a peep at what it says in this letter. 看一眼这封信上说些甚么。
peer, peep, gape, glance, stare, gaze, glare, glimpse
这组词都有“看”的意思，其区别是：
peer: v.指眯起眼睛仔细看，尤指看不清楚的情况下；费力地看，凝视。
 • Being somewhat short-sighted, she has the habit of peering at people.   因为有点近视，她有眯着眼睛看人的习惯。
peep: v.窥视，偷看。
 • The mother peeped into the bedroom to see if her child was asleep.   母亲偷偷向卧室看了一下，看她的孩子是否睡着了。
gape: v. (张着嘴、瞪大眼睛)呆看，强调一种吃惊的状态。
 • The children gaped at the big elephant in the zoo.   在动物园，孩子们张大了嘴巴呆呆地看着大象。
glance: v. (粗略地、随便地)一瞥，看一眼。
 • He glanced over the letter he had just received.   他把刚收到的那封信粗略地看了一遍。
stare: v.凝视，盯着，指由于好奇、惊讶、赞叹等原因而瞪大眼睛长时间地、直接地注视，常常含有粗鲁无礼的意思。
 • I told my son to stop staring at that fat woman; it wasn't nice.   我告诉儿子不要盯着那个胖女人，那样看人不礼貌。
gaze: v.凝视，注视，指由于好奇、感叹、长时间目不转睛地看。
 • She gazed at her beautiful new diamond ring.   她凝视着自己的这颗美丽崭新的钻戒。
glare: v.怒目而视，强调怀有敌意或在气愤的情绪下看；眩目地照射。
 • The woman glared at the man after he shouted rudely at her.   那男人粗暴地冲她大声喊叫，她也怒目而视。
glimpse: v.与glance意思相近，短促地看一眼，一瞥。
n. 偷看；隐约看见，瞥见
 - peek
vi. 窥视；慢慢露出，出现；吱吱叫
 - occur, figure, offer

Word: Scotch
Front: Scotch
[skɒtʃ] (托宝 15129/10201 -1)
Back: vt. 扑灭; 使…受伤; 切开，划开; 制止转动
n. 刻痕; 格线; 楔子; 苏格兰人
adj. <口>吝啬的; 节约的，节俭的; 苏格兰人的，苏格兰语的
时态：scotched, scotching, scotches
分布：刻痕(35%)，阻止(26%)，伤口(13%)，消灭(13%)，粉碎(13%)
→缩写自 Scottish,苏格兰人，因英格兰人以该词杜撰了诸多贬义词义，所以不为苏格兰人所喜。 现主要词义缩写自 Scotch Whiskey,苏格兰威士忌。scotch 阻止，挫败
【记】源于：Scotch（n 苏格兰人），曾经被英格兰镇压。
【反】encourage（v 鼓励）
US [skɑ:tʃ] slightly formal
verb transitive
■to prevent something from being believed or being done 破除；制止；取消；阻止
• Her remarks were intended to scotch rumours of an imminent election date. 她的话意在制止即将举行选举的谣言。
vi. 弄伤；制止转动；扑灭；镇压
 - put down, stamp out
n. 刻痕
 - score, notch

Word: gumbo
Front: gumbo
[ˈgʌmbəʊ] (17993/49909)
Back: n. 秋葵，加有秋葵的浓汤，坚硬黏土
分布：秋葵(60%)，秋葵汤(40%)
→来自非洲土著语。也叫做okra, 或俗称lady’s finger.
US [-boʊ] (plural gumbos)
noun countable or uncountable
■a thick soup made with okra (= a small green vegetable) and meat or fish, which comes from America 秋葵汤
uncountable US for * okra
n. [植] 秋葵；加有秋葵的浓汤； [地质] 坚硬黏土
 - abelmosk, okra
adj. 粘土的
 - argillaceous, bolar

Word: squabble
Front: squabble
[ˈskwɒbl] (托宝 17073/18512 -1)
Vocabulary: squabble
(once / 1979 pages)
nv
A squabble is a fight but not necessarily a serious one. When we squabble, we have a little argument, probably about something not too important.
Do you notice how squabble sounds kind of funny? That's a clue that a squabble is not the most serious kind of argument or fight. A loud, screaming fight would never be called a squabble. A small, silly discussion about something small or trivial is more of a squabble. Friends and family members squabble all the time.
WORD FAMILY
squabble: squabbled, squabbles, squabbling
USAGE EXAMPLES
And now, a year later, the Islamic center is still tied up in traffic-pattern objections and subdivision squabbles.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
A 17-year-old girl fatally stabbed in a squabble over a cellphone.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
And except for neighborhood squabbles over fireworks use, he rarely hears about problems with the fireworks industry these days.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: vi. （为小事而）争论，吵嘴; 搅乱（排好的铅字）
n. 争吵，口角
时态：squabbled, squabbling, squabbles
分布：争论(65%)，口角(35%)
US ['skwɑ:.bl] noun countable
■an argument over something that is not important 口角；（为琐事的）争吵
• Polly and Susie were having a squabble about who was going to hold the dog's lead. 波莉和苏茜在为谁来牵狗而争吵。
vi. 发生口角；大声争吵
 - altercate
vt. 弄乱（排好的铅字）
 - mess, disarrange
n. 争吵；口角
 - argument, brush, dispute

Word: floodplain
Front: floodplain
['flʌdpleɪn] (托 17852/-)
Back: n. 泛滥平原，涝原，漫滩
分布：漫滩(75%)，泛洪平原(25%)
n. 泛滥平原
 - sailaba, haugh

Word: puke
Front: puke
[pju:k] (18024/34853)
Back: n. 呕吐，呕吐物，吐剂
v. 呕吐
时态：puked, puking, pukes
分布：名词(57%)，动词(43%)
→拟声词。
[pju:k] slang
verb intransitive or transitive
■to vomit 呕吐
• The baby puked all down my shirt. 那个婴儿吐得我的衬衫上到处都是。
• She puked her dinner up again. 她晚饭又吐了。
[pju:k] slang
verb intransitive or transitive
It makes me (want to) puke.
■used to say that something makes you very upset or angry 它让我难受；这件事气死我了
[pju:k] slang
noun uncountable
■vomit 呕吐物
• The floor was covered with puke. 地板上到处都是呕吐物。
n. 呕吐；呕吐物（等于vomit）；吐剂
 - sickness, emesis
vt. 呕吐
 - shoot the cat, throw up
vi. 呕吐
 - shoot the cat, hork

Word: barricade
Front: barricade
[ˌbærɪˈkeɪd] (托雅宝 11273/14615 -2)
Vocabulary: barricade
(once / 1071 pages)
nv
A barricade is anything that prevents people or vehicles from getting through. Construction workers often barricade a street to block traffic.
You know how barriers block things from getting through? A barricade is similar. Soldiers create barricades to keep enemy troops out. Police officers put up barricades around a crime scene. If an electrical wire becomes loose and dangerous, a barricade around the area will keep people from getting hurt. This can also be a verb, like when parents barricade part of their house to keep toddlers from getting into trouble. Barricading is a physical way of saying "Keep out!"
WORD FAMILY
barricade: barricaded, barricades, barricading
USAGE EXAMPLES
Pasadena police plan to use parked patrol cars and heavy, water-filled barricades at more than 50 intersections along the parade’s route.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Sanchez said the barricade plan already was in place before the Berlin attack earlier this month.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The Turkish army were bombing the city, and there were many attacks on the trenches and barricades, especially at night.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 路障，障碍物; 防御，阻碍
vt. 设路障于，以障碍物阻塞; 封锁，阻挡
时态：barricaded, barricading, barricades
分布：街垒(77%)，障碍物(7%)，封锁(6%)，栅栏(6%)，阻拦(2%)，设路障挡住(2%)
→词源同barrel, 桶。该词来自于巴黎1588年的一次Huguenot 暴动，大量的桶装满泥土，沙石等堆放在马路中间，堵塞主干道。而具体创造出该方法之人已不可考。
障碍物(barr+ic+ade表名词)[barr=stick表示,"捧,栏"]
栅栏(barr栅栏+ic+adc)[-ade表名词1.表示"状态,物品"2.表示"个人或集体"]
【记】bar（vt 阻挡；n 木棒），所以barric是阻止的词根－路障
【反】permit passage（允许通过）
noun countable
■a line or pile of objects put together, especially quickly, to stop people from going where they want to go （尤指迅速设置的）障碍物，路障
• Inmates erected a barricade between themselves and prison officers. 囚犯们设置了路障，把狱警和他们隔开。
['bær.ɪ.keɪd] [--'-] verb transitive
■to build a barricade across, around or in front of something 于某物的对面、周围或前面设路障
• Barricade the doors! 堵住门！
• [R + adv/prep] Terrified villagers have barricaded them selves into their houses. 惊恐不安的村民们把自己关在家里不出来。
n. 街垒；路障；争论之处
 - road-block
vt. 设路障；阻碍
 - slow, impede

Word: cleanser
Front: cleanser
[ˈklenzə(r)] (17895/27290)
Back: n. 清洁剂; 清洁工; 擦亮粉，去污粉; 清洁器
分布：清洁剂(82%)，清洁工(9%)，洁肤液(9%)
US [-zɚ] noun countable or uncountable
■a substance used for cleaning, especially your face 清洁剂，去污剂；（尤指）洗面乳，洁肤霜
• I use cleanser on my face every night. 我每晚都用洗面乳洗脸。
• Kitchen cleansers are all more or less the same. 厨房清洁剂都差不多。
n. [化工] 清洁剂；清洁工；擦亮粉；使清洁的东西
 - detergent, cleaning media

Word: rim
Front: rim
[rɪm] (研六托雅 4602/6963 -1)
Vocabulary: rim
(once / 640 pages)
nv
A rim is an edge. The rim of a mug is where you put your mouth to drink hot chocolate, and the rim holding a basketball net is where you're aiming when you shoot the ball.
People often use the word rim for the lip of a cup or bowl. You can also use the word rim for the circle at the top of a basketball hoop. There's also the rim of a wheel — the part the tire is attached to — and the rim of your eyeglasses. Rim comes from the Old English rima, "edge," which appears in the Old English word særima, "seashore," or "rim of the sea."
WORD FAMILY
rim: rimless, rimmed, rimming, rims
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Wildcats also attacked the rim, repeatedly drew fouls and cashed in with a 21-for-23 performance at the free throw line.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Violet, green, or pink light darts around the top rim, then settles near the speaker.
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
He veered to the baseline while Porter ran to the rim, and what happened next sent fans to their feet.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. （圆形器皿的）边，缘，框; 轮缘
vt. 环绕（圆形或环形物的）边缘; 镶边
vt. & vi. 形成…的边沿，给…镶边
时态：rimmed, rimming, rims
分布：边(88%)，框(6%)，镶边(4%)，形成边缘(2%)
→来自古英语 rima,边沿，边界，河岩，海岸，来自 Proto-Germanic*remo,边沿，边界，可能来 自 rei,撕，刮，词源同 rive,rift.后词义通用化。
n.(圆物的)边,边缘;(眼镜)框With a dim triumph, she trims the swimming-suit rim at the swimming-pool brim.她带着暗淡的喜悦在泳池边整理泳装的边缘.
noun countable
■the outer, often curved or circular, edge of something （圆形物的）外缘，边缘
• The rim of the cup was chipped and broken. 杯口上碰出了裂纹，碎了。
• My reading glasses have wire rims. 我阅读用的眼镜是金属丝边的。
[rɪm] verb transitive (-mm-)
■to be round or along the edge of something 环绕（某物的边缘）；形成…的边沿；给…镶边
• The glass was rimmed with sugar. 杯口上沾了一圈糖。
verge, edge, brim, margin, border, fringe, rim
这组词都有“边，边缘”的意思，其区别是：
verge: 指明显地标志一个表在或一广阔空间的边界，或终端线，也指极狭窄的空间。常用作比喻。
edge: 普通用词，指较窄的边沿。
brim: 指深容器的内边或河、湖等水域的最高线。
margin: 指物体的空白边，一般较宽。
border: 侧重刚好在界线内的一部分表面上，指较宽的边缘，也可指边缘本身。
fringe: 指地毯的须边、围巾的花边、烫发的卷边或人群的边缘。
rim: 指圆形或有曲线的物体的边缘。
frontier, verge, border, boundary, rim
这组词都有“边界”的意思，其区别是：
frontier: n.边界，边境，边疆，指靠近边界(boundary)的区域；也可引申为"未开发的领域"，"(学术的)前沿"等。
 • The American West was still a frontier a century ago.   一个世纪以前美国西部还是一片边疆。
 • She is a biochemist who works on the frontiers of biology.   她是从事生物学前沿研究的生化学家。
verge: n. (道路、花坛等长着草的)边缘，引申为"某事即将发生之际"。
 • on the verge of war   战争爆发之际
border: n.较宽的边缘，边界，多指两国或两地之间的分界处附近的边缘地区、边界地带；也可以指物体的边缘等。
 • We crossed the Mexican bordersintosthe USA.   我们穿过墨西哥边界进入美国境内。
boundary: n.边界；界线。多指作为界线的标识物等。
 • The fence marks the boundary between my land and hers.   这道栅栏是我的地和她的地的分界线。
rim: n.边，边缘，尤指圆形或近似圆形的物体的边缘。
n. 边，边缘；轮辋；圆圈
 - margin, suburb

Word: girth
Front: girth
[gɜ:θ] (宝 18049/20793)
Vocabulary: girth
(once / 2873 pages)
nv
The girth of something is the distance around its middle, and it usually refers to a person’s waist. If you get pregnant with twins, your girth will probably block your view of your toes.
One can measure the girth — diameter of the mid-section — of an airplane, tree trunk, or anything cylindrical, but it most often describes a large human waist. A rail-thin person doesn’t have a “minuscule girth,” but when Aunt Velma has her seventh helping of lasagna and has to unbuckle her belt, her girth has outsized her attire. Girth can also mean a strap that encircles the belly of a horse, mule, or other animal to secure a load.
WORD FAMILY
girth: girthed, girthing, girths
USAGE EXAMPLES
But with his glasses, girth and thinning silver hair, Gold also resembles another broadcasting staple, retiring CBS announcer Verne Lundquist.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
An aging bald man of not insignificant girth, Joe appeared to have made it onto the Secret Service’s managerial track.
Salon(Nov 30, 2016)
Its girth made it bigger, but the Big Tree towered over it by about 40 feet.
Seattle Times(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: n. 周长，（马等的）肚带，腰身
v. 以带束缚; 围绕; 包围; 围长为
时态：girthed, girthing, girths
分布：尺寸(43%)，包围(17%)，周围长度(8%)，给 ... 缚上肚带(8%)，腰带(8%)，量周长(8%)，带尺(8%)
→来自gird, 围， 绕。
US [gɝ:θ] noun
MEASUREMENT 测量
countable or uncountable
■the distance around the outside of a thick or fat object, like a tree or a body 围长；干围；腰围
• The oak was 2 metres in girth. 这棵橡树干围长两米。
• humorous His ample girth was evidence of his love of good food. 他那粗大的腰身显示他极其贪吃。
UK [gɜ:θ] US [gɝ:θ] noun
HORSE EQUIPMENT 马具
countable
■the strap which goes around the middle of a horse to keep the saddle (= rider's seat) or the load in the right position （固定马鞍或鞍上货物的）肚带
• Loosen the girth a little. 把马的肚带松一松。
n. 周长；围长；肚带
 - perimeter, circumference
vt. 围绕；包围
 - invest, case, enclose

Word: llama
Front: llama
[ˈlɑ:mə] (18027/27467)
Back: n. 美洲驼
分布：驼毛织物(100%)
→来自南美土著语。
noun countable
■a large South American animal with a long neck and long hair, and which is often kept for its meat, milk, fur and to carry heavy loads 美洲驼（产于南美）
n. 美洲驼；无峰驼
 - yamma, huahua

Word: photovoltaic
Front: photovoltaic
[fəʊtəʊvɒl'teɪɪk] (18005/47589)
Back: adj. 光电池的
分布：光生伏打的)(50%)，光电池的(光致电压的(50%)
adj. [电子] 光电伏打的，光电的
 - electro-optic

Word: hoopla
Front: hoopla
[ˈhu:plɑ:] (18047/49670)
Vocabulary: hoopla
(once / 22259 pages)
n
When people get too excited about something, you can describe it as hoopla. Your family may want to make a lot of hoopla on your birthday, while you'd prefer a quiet dinner at home.
Hoopla is when someone goes overboard getting excited about something. A company may raise a lot of hoopla about a new product that's actually kind of boring, and a teacher's hoopla about the class Halloween party might seem silly if she teaches twelfth grade physics rather than kindergarten. The word hoopla has been around since at least the 1800's, although it was originally spelled houp-la, and it was first used as an exclamation similar to oopsie daisy.
WORD FAMILY
hoopla: hooplas
USAGE EXAMPLES
Then, there’s all the official inaugural hoopla, including the main attraction, the swearing in.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Evans said he is not going to get caught up in all the hoopla heading into Saturday night’s game in Orlando, Florida.
Washington Times(Nov 28, 2016)
Yes, putting together any golf outing can be an endeavor, so it's understandable the holiday hoopla can throw extra wrenches into the process.
Golf Digest(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: n. 喧闹，投环套物游戏
分布：喧闹(53%)，投环套物游戏(26%)，大肆张扬的宣传(13%)，混淆视听的话(8%)
→最早拼写houp-la,可能来自拟声词，物体快速移动的声音，后用于指大吹大擂，再后用于指游乐场投环套物的游戏，可能受hoop影响。
noun
GAME 游戏
uncountable UK (US ring toss)
■a game in which a ring is thrown so that it falls over an object 投环套物游戏
• a game of hoopla 套环游戏
['hu:p.lɑ:] noun
EXCITEMENT 兴奋
[S or U] mainly US
■exciting noise and activity in celebration of an event 喧嚷，嬉闹
• The usual hoopla surrounded the arrival of the pop star. 流行歌星的到来伴随着惯常的喧闹声。
n. 投环套物游戏；喧闹
 - rumpus, whoop-up

Word: branching
Front: branching
['brɑ:ntʃɪŋ] (18017/16648)
Back: n. 分歧
adj. 分歧的，发枝的
分布：分支(99%)，动词branch的现在分词形式.(1%)
N-COUNT
树枝
The branches of a tree are the parts that grow out from its trunk and have leaves, flowers, or fruit growing on them.
N-COUNT
（企业或组织的）分支机构，分部，分店
A branch of a business or other organization is one of the offices, shops, or groups which belong to it and which are located in different places.
例：The local branch of Bank of America is handling the accounts...美国银行在当地的分行正在处理这些账目。
例：National is Britain's leading autocare service with over 400 branches nationwide.英国轮胎与车辆养护公司是英国最有名的汽车养护企业，在全英国有400多家分店。
N-COUNT
(政府或公安机关等的）部门，机构
A branch of an organization such as the government or the police force is a department that has a particular function.
例：Senate employees could take their employment grievances to another branch of government...参议院的雇员可以向别的政府部门申诉工作问题。
例：He had a fascination for submarines and joined this branch of the service.他对潜艇非常着迷，因此加入了潜艇部队。
N-COUNT
（某学科的）分支，分科
A branch of a subject is a part or type of it.
例：Whole branches of science may not receive any grants.各自然科学学科可能都得不到任何拨款。
例：Oncology is the branch of medicine dealing with tumors.肿瘤学是研究肿瘤的医学分支。
N-COUNT
（家族的）分支，支系，旁系
A branch of your family is a group of its members who are descended from one particular person.
例：This is one of the branches of the Roosevelt family.这是罗斯福家族的一个支系。
adj. 发枝的；分歧的
 - divergent, forky
n. [计] [核] 分支；分歧
 - variance, gulf
v. [计] [核] 分支（branch的ing形式）
 - forking

Word: marigold
Front: marigold
[ˈmærigəʊld] (18057/20225 -1)
Back: n. <植>万寿菊; 金盏花
分布：金盏花(56%)，万寿菊(44%)
→来自Mary,圣母玛丽亚，gold,金色的，代指菊花。字面意思即献给玛丽亚的花。
US [-goʊld] noun countable
■a plant with bright yellow or orange flowers 万寿菊，金盏花
n. 万寿菊；金盏花
 - tagetes, Tagetes erecta

Word: scaffold
Front: scaffold
[ˈskæfəʊld] (宝 18050/17122)
Vocabulary: scaffold
(once / 900 pages)
nv
An elevated temporary platform is called a scaffold. The scaffold is used because it is much safer and efficient to have workers and their materials on a platform than scrambling up and down ladders all day.
A scaffold is also the platform on which criminals used to be executed publicly by hanging or beheading. If you watch a lot of swashbuckler movies, you'll have seen depictions of a helpless person being threatened with beheading by a villain on a scaffold in a crowded square. Suddenly, out of the crowd a hero appears and saves the day, after which they ride off into the sunset.
WORD FAMILY
scaffold: scaffolded, scaffolding, scaffolds+/scaffolding: scaffoldings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sometimes the story, in all its magnificent ridiculousness, seems like mere scaffolding, propping up the ritual of the performance.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
So I managed to get permission to clamp a remote camera high up on the scaffolding supporting the TV studio.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
The scaffold also needs to be able to contract, because this is the process that moves the intestine's contents along.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 脚手架; <史>断头台
时态：scaffolded, scaffolding, scaffolds
分布：脚手架(83%)，鹰架(10%)，绞刑台(7%)
→来自中古英语 scaffold,脚手架，临时搭的平台，来自古法语 eschaffaut,高台，来自拉丁语 scadafaltum,来自 ex-,向外，catafalcum,高台，高的看台，可能来自 cata-,向下，falcum,架子， 平台，词源同 balcony,balk.后引申词义断头台，绞刑架。
【记】sacf，fold（v 折叠）：折叠在一起的铁棍搭的架子－脚手架
US [-foʊld] noun countable
■a structure made of scaffolding for workers to stand on when they want to reach high parts of a building （建筑工人用的）鹰架
■a flat raised structure on which criminals are punished by having their heads cut off or by being hung with a rope around the neck until they die 断头台；绞刑台
n. [建] 脚手架；鹰架；绞刑台
 - false work, lding

Word: there
Front: there
[ðeə(r)] (中高 53/37 -K5)
Vocabulary: there
(once / 3 pages)
advn
There is a noun meaning "another place." So if you're not here, you can only be there.
This very general term names a place apart from here, but it has many uses. It can mean “at that point or place,” as in "It is there that the argument starts to seem silly.” People say "There, there" to console someone who is sad. This word describes a situation too, as in "There is a problem" or "There's no place like home." If you're pointing something out that's hard to see, you'll say "There! Right there!"
WORD FAMILY
there: thereness, theres
USAGE EXAMPLES
“There’s just so much history here,” Michelle said of their two businesses.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
A surge in violence in Afghanistan sees Obama pledge an extra 17,000 military personnel, doubling the US presence there.
The Guardian(Jan 03, 2017)
Because there was no government-run health plan in America, people without commercial health insurance were at the mercy of the world’s most expensive health system.
The Guardian(Jan 03, 2017)
Back: adv. 在那里; 那里; 在那一点上
pron. 表示某物或某人的存在或某事的发生（常用作be, seem或appear的主语）
int. （表示满足、烦恼）你瞧，好啦，得啦
分布：在那里(40%)，那个地方(23%)，那一点(15%)，到那里(15%)，从那里(7%)
→来自古英语 thaer,那里，来自 Proto-Germanic*thaer,那里，来自 tar,那里，来自 to,指 示代词，词源同 the,that,-r,所有格后缀。
ad.在那儿;往那儿;[作引导词表示"存在"]There is a book on the desk.书桌上有一本书.
US [ðer] adverb
PLACE 地方
 ESSENTIAL
■(to, at or in) that place 往那里；在那里；到那里
• Put the chair there. 把椅子放在那里。
• The museum is closed today. We'll go there tomorrow. 博物馆今天关门了，我们明天再去。
• There's that book you were looking for. 你要找的那本书在那里。
• I'll have to stop you there, we've run out of time. 我只好让你在那里打住，我们已经没有时间了。
• I've left the boxes over/out/under there. 我把盒子放在那边了。
get there IMPROVER
■to arrive somewhere 到那里
• We'll never get there in time. 我们绝对不可能及时赶到那里。
■informal
■to succeed 成功
• Try again, you'll get there in the end. 再试一次，最终你会成功的。
UK [ðeər] US [ðer] adverb
INTRODUCING SUBJECT 引出主题
 ESSENTIAL
■used to introduce the subject of a sentence, especially before the verbs be , seem and appear （用于引出句子，尤用于动词 be，seem 和 appear 前）
• There's someone on the phone for you. 有找你的电话。
• There's no doubt who is the best candidate. 谁是最佳候选人毋庸置疑。
• I took out my wallet but there was no money in it. 我拿出钱包，发现一分钱都没有。
• By the time I got back, there was no food left. 到我回来的时候，吃的都没有了。
• There appeared/seemed to be some difficulty in fixing a date for the meeting. 看来要定下会议的日期有些困难。
• not standard There's (= There are) lives at stake and we can't afford to take any risks. 人命关天，我们可不能冒险。
■literary
■used to begin some children's stories written in a traditional style （用作儿童故事的开场白）
• There once was/lived a poor widow who had a beautiful daughter. 从前有一个穷寡妇，她有个漂亮的女儿。
UK [ðeər] US [ðer] adverb
be there for sb
■to be available to provide help and support for someone 总在（某人）身边（提供帮助或支援）；不离（某人）左右
• We haven't always been close, but she was there for me when I needed her. 我们并非始终都很亲密，但每当我需要她时，她总会在我身边。
• Best friends are always there for each other in times of trouble. 在困难时最好的朋友总会伴随身边。
UK [ðeər] US [ðer] adverb
there you go again
■a way of emphasizing that an action is often repeated （某人）又来这一套了
• There they go again, making trouble. 他们又来这一套了，尽找麻烦。
UK [ðeər] US [ðer] adverb
there and back
■adding together the distance or time to and from a particular place 往返
• It was 20 miles there and back. 到那里往返共20英里。
UK [ðeər] US [ðer] adverb
there you are ADVANCED (informal there you go)
■used when giving something to someone, usually after a request for the thing, such as giving someone goods that they have bought 给你；拿去吧
■used to mean 'I told you so' 你瞧，看吧（表示我告诉过你）
• There you are, I knew you'd forget if you didn't write it down. 看，我就知道你不把它写下来会忘记的。
UK [ðeər] US [ðer] adverb
there you go
■used to express the fact that you cannot change a situation so you must accept it 没关系，让它去吧
• We didn't win the competition, but there you go - we can always try again next year. 比赛我们没有赢，不过没关系——明年我们可以再争取。
UK [ðeər] US [ðer] adverb
There's a good boy/girl/dog!
■used to show approval or encouragement 好孩子／好姑娘／好狗狗！
• Tie your shoelaces, there's a good girl! 系好你的鞋带，乖女儿！
UK [ðeər] US [ðer] adverb
  Common Learner Errors  there or their? Warning: Choose the right word! These two words look similar, but they are spelled differently and have completely different meanings.
UK [ðeər] US [ðer] exclamation
■used to express sympathy or satisfaction （用于表示同情或满足）你瞧，好啦
• There, I've made it work at last. 你瞧，我终于把它弄好了。
UK [ðeər] US [ðer] exclamation
there, there (also there now)
■something you say to comfort someone, especially a child （尤用于安慰孩子）好啦，好啦
• There, there, don't cry. 好啦，好啦，不哭。
adv. 在那里；在那边；在那点上
 - whereat

Word: supposition
Front: supposition
[ˌsʌpəˈzɪʃn] (托雅 18056/14636)
Vocabulary: supposition
(once / 690 pages)
n
A supposition is a guess or a hypothesis. Your supposition that your kids will automatically wash their hands before dinner is probably false. You'd best remind them to do it or risk dirty hands at dinner.
What's the difference between an assumption and a supposition — both nouns that are often taken as synonyms for each other? An assumption is an idea or theory that is usually made without proof. A supposition, on the other hand, has the connotation that the idea or theory is testable and provable. If you are to meet someone named Hunter, you may make the assumption that you are meeting a man. But if you know that Hunter lives in an all-female dorm, you may have the supposition that Hunter is a woman.
WORD FAMILY
supposition: suppositional, suppositions, suppositious, supposititious +/ presuppose: presupposed, presupposes, presupposing, presupposition / presupposition: presuppositions/supposable: supposably/supposal: supposals/ suppose: presuppose, supposable, supposal, supposed, supposes, supposing, supposition / supposed: supposedly /suppositious: suppositiously/ supposititious: supposititiously
USAGE EXAMPLES
The announcement also raised suppositions that Son might be seeking to curry favor for his U.S. business interests.
Washington Post(Dec 06, 2016)
"Most of what's been said about me is in the category of supposition, smear or just plain wrong facts," he said.
BBC(Nov 16, 2016)
He could make these suppositions more plausible by nominating Kelly Ayotte to be attorney general.
Washington Post(Nov 11, 2016)
Back: n. 猜测; 推测; 假定; 猜想
分布：假设(62%)，推测(28%)，推想(10%)
→suppose,猜测，推测，-ition,名词后缀。
推测,猜想(sup在下面+posit+ion→放在下面的[想法]→推测)[pos,posit=put表示"放"]
猜想,猜测(sup下面+pos放)[-iteon表名词"行为过程,状态"]
【记】源于：suppose（v 假定；料想）
【反】certainty（n 确定的事情）
noun countable or uncountable
■when someone believes something is true without any proof 猜测，推测，假定
• That article was based on pure supposition. 那篇文章纯粹是基于推测。
supposition, assumption, hypothesis, presumption
这组词都有“假设，假想”的意思，其区别是：
supposition: 可与assumption换用，还可表某种试探性的主观看法或建议。
assumption: 侧重主观推测或主观设想。
hypothesis: 书面用词，指有待作进一步检验或证实的假设。
presumption: 着重指以可能性为依据的假设。
n. 假定；推测；想像；见解
 - speculation, theory, perhaps, eye, assumption

Word: wrought-iron

Word: naturalized
Front: naturalized
['nætʃərəlaɪzd] (18061/37532)
Back: adj. 自然化的，归化的
v. 接收（外国人）入籍( naturalize的过去式和过去分词 ); 使归化; 将（植物等）引进异域种植; 吸收
分布：归化的(34%)，入籍的(22%)，驯化的(22%)，自然化的(17%)，动词naturalize的过去式和过去分词.(5%)
ADJ
加入国籍的;归化的
A naturalized citizen of a particular country is someone who has legally become a citizen of that country, although they were not born there.

Word: snorkel
Front: snorkel
[ˈsnɔ:kl] (18062/34173)
Vocabulary: snorkel
(once / 31858 pages)
nv
When you snorkel, you swim near the surface of the water while wearing a mask, fins, and a snorkel through which you can breathe. People like to snorkel in coral reefs, where they can see all kinds of ocean life.
If you've ever taken a beach vacation, you may have had a chance to snorkel, which is similar to scuba diving except that you stay very close to the water's surface. When you snorkel, you swim slowly, watching for interesting fish and other sea creatures, and breathe through a tube that's also called a snorkel. The word was originally a nautical term for a submarine air shaft, from German navy slang, Schnorchel, or "snout."
WORD FAMILY
snorkel: snorkeled, snorkeling, snorkelling, snorkels
USAGE EXAMPLES
Divers sent to the area where the body was discovered on Saturday found a snorkel, a cutter, a swimming cap and goggles on the seabed.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
Wetsuit and flippers donned, and snorkel at the ready, I plunge into the North Sea.
BBC(Dec 06, 2016)
The players wear masks and snorkels, which help them keep their eyes on the puck while still coming up for air.
Seattle Times(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: n. （潜水者使用的）通气管，水下呼吸管
vi. 用通气管潜泳
时态：snorkeled, snorkelling, snorkels
分布：通气管(80%)，水下通气管(10%)，用通气管潜航(10%)
→来自德国海军俚语 Schnorchel,潜水艇通风井，字面意思即鼻子，鼻孔，词源同 snore,打呼噜。 -el,小词后缀。因潜水艇通风井从外观和喷气的声音都与鼻孔有所类似而得名。后用于指浮 潜装备，浮潜运动，拼写也俗化为英式拼写 snorkel.
US ['snɔ:r-] noun countable
■a tube that you hold in your mouth to help you breathe if you are swimming with your face under water （潜水者用的）水下呼吸管
n. [军] [船] 通气管；潜艇换气装置
 - breather pipe, breather tube

Word: terse
Front: terse
[tɜ:s] (雅宝 17917/18591 -1)
Vocabulary: terse
(once / 2187 pages)
adj
Terse means brief, or using very few words. If your teacher tells you to make your writing in your essay style terse and to the point, he's saying use as few words as you can and be simple and clear.
A terse reply or command may seem rude or unfriendly––but the word terse itself doesn't mean unfriendly or rude. Synonyms are succinct or concise, though these words have a more positive tone. The adjective terse is from Latin tersus "clean, neat," from tergere "to rub off, wipe, polish." Polished language is neatly concise.
WORD FAMILY
terse: tersely, terseness, terser, tersest
USAGE EXAMPLES
The academy’s terse reply only stoked the flames.
New York Times(May 25, 2016)
There was no argument over the phone, no terse emails, no nothing.
Washington Post(Dec 13, 2016)
The terse title of their new paper in Science Advances nicely sums up the findings: “Monkey Vocal Tracts Are Speech-Ready.”
New York Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: adj. （说话、文笔等）精练的，简洁的; 扼要的
级别：terser, tersest
分布：简洁的(77%)，简明的(23%)
→来自拉丁语 tersus,干净的，整洁的，来自 tergere,刮，摩擦，擦拭，可能来自 ter,转，刮， 摩擦，词源同 turn,detergent.引申词义简要的，简短的。
【记】读：特死，就是特务死了的简便说法－简洁的
US [tɝ:s] adjective
■using few words, sometimes in a way that seems rude or unfriendly 简短生硬的；简要的
• "Are you feeling any better?" "No," was the terse reply. “你觉得好点了吗？” “没有。”回答简短而生硬。
adj. 简洁的，精练的，扼要的
 - brief, summary, compact, concise

Word: downtime
Front: downtime
[ˈdaʊntaɪm] (18043/-)
Back: n. （工厂等由于检修、待料等的）停工期
分布：停机时间(84%)，停工期(14%)，不工作时间(2%)
noun uncountable
■the time during which a machine, especially a computer, is not working or is not able to be used （尤指电脑等机器的）停止工作期
■informal
■time when your relax and do not do very much 休养期
• We've had a busy weekend so I'm planning to have some downtime tomorrow. 我们忙了一个周末，所以我计划明天要休息放松一下。

Word: newsman
Front: newsman
[ˈnju:zmæn] (18063/26458)
Back: n. 新闻记者
分布：新闻记者(100%)
N-COUNT
新闻记者;报纸撰稿人
A newsman is a journalist for a newspaper or for a television or radio news programme.
例：As the pictures flashed on the screen, the newsman continued talking.随着屏幕上图片的切换，记者继续报道。
n. 新闻记者；送报者
 - news reporter, ragger

Word: unscrew
Front: unscrew
[ˌʌnˈskru:] (18059/20840)
Back: vt. & vi. 从…旋出螺丝，旋开，松开
时态：unscrewed, unscrewing, unscrews
分布：旋开盖子(100%)
verb transitive
LID 盖子
■to take the lid or top off something by twisting it round 旋开…的盖子；把…顶部旋开
• I can't unscrew the top of this jar - it's really tight. 这个瓶盖我旋不开来——实在太紧了。
[ʌn'skru:] verb transitive
SCREWS 螺丝
■to remove something by taking the screws out of it （旋开螺丝以）取下，卸下

Word: receptacle
Front: receptacle
[rɪˈseptəkl] (托宝 18066/20674)
Vocabulary: receptacle
(once / 1778 pages)
n
A receptacle is a container that's used for holding or storing things. If you are having a party on a rainy day, you can put a receptacle outside your door for your guests' umbrellas.
The noun receptacle means any kind of container. For example, a trash receptacle holds your garbage and a receptacle for loose change can keep you from scattering coins all over your house. In botany, receptacle refers to the part of a stem that holds a plant's organs. The word receptacle comes from the Latin root word receptaculum, which describes a place to receive and store things.
WORD FAMILY
receptacle: receptacles
USAGE EXAMPLES
On the meal line, it’s Izzy’s job to fill one tray receptacle with whatever is on the menu that day.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
I was never “team Logan,” and I believe strongly that he is simply blond evil slime animating a human-shaped receptacle.
New York Times(Nov 29, 2016)
“We’re not passive receptacles for bigotry; we fight back, we stand up for our rights,” she says of the video.
The Guardian(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: n. 容器，放置物品的地方
分布：容器(50%)，插座(28%)，花托(22%)
→来自 receive,接收，收到，-pt,过去分词格，-acle,名词后缀。
容器(re再＋cept+acle东西→拿东西的东西→容器)[cap,capt,cept,ceive,cip,cup=take,hold,seize,表示"拿,抓,握住"]
容器(recept接受)[-acle表名词"…物品,状态"]
【记】源于：recept接受，acle东西一接受东西的东西－容器
formal
noun countable
■a container used for storing or putting objects in 容器；贮存器；储藏器
• Householders are given four separate receptacles for their rubbish. 给每家每户发了四个不同的容器来存放垃圾。
n. [植] 花托；容器；插座
 - container, vessel, jack, pocket

Word: immortalize
Front: immortalize
[ɪˈmɔ:təlaɪz] (17923/36217)
Vocabulary: immortalize
(once / 4447 pages)
v
When you immortalize something, you praise it in a way that's meant to last forever. You could immortalize your favorite pop star, for example, by carving a huge statue of him out of marble.
The existence of Disneyland and Disney World has managed to immortalize the image of Mickey Mouse, especially the silhouette of his ears. Through the years, many artists have chosen to immortalize US presidents through public art like the Lincoln Memorial and Mount Rushmore. The verb immortalize comes from the adjective immortal, or "living forever," with its Latin root, immortalis, "deathless or undying."
WORD FAMILY
immortalize: immortalized, immortalizes, immortalizing+/ immortal: immortalise, immortality, immortalize, immortally, immortals/immortalise: immortalised, immortalises, immortalising/ immortality: immortalities/ mortal: immortal, mortality, mortally, mortals, postmortal/ mortality: mortalities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Nearby are the pristine Swedish beaches immortalized in Ingmar Bergman's film, "The Seventh Seal."
Reuters(Dec 30, 2016)
She graduated in 1948, the sole astronomer in the class, which was immortalized by Mary McCarthy in the novel “The Group.”
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
The last lines immortalizes the big win over the Huskies:
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vt. 使永恒; 使不灭; 使不朽; 使名垂千古
时态：immortalized, immortalizing, immortalizes
分布：使不朽(72%)，使名垂千古(28%)
使不朽(im不+mortal+ize→使不死)[mort=death,表示"死"]
US [-'mɔ:r.tˌəl-] verb transitive often passive
■to make someone or something so famous that they are remembered for a very long time 使不朽，使名垂千古
• Marlene Dietrich was immortalized through her roles in films like 'The Blue Angel'. 玛琳‧黛德丽在《蓝天使》等影片中所扮演的角色使她名传后世。
vt. 使不灭；使名垂千古，使不朽
 - eternalize, embalm

Word: politicized
Front: politicized
[pəˈlitisaizd] (18064/43153)
Back: v. 使政治化，使具有政治性( politicize的过去式和过去分词 ); 使对政治有兴趣
分布：使 ... 政治化(100%)
VERB
使政治化；使具有政治性；使关心（或参与）政治
If you politicize someone or something, you make them more interested in politics or more involved with politics.
例：...ideas which might politicize the labouring classes and cause them to question the status quo...可能唤醒工人阶级的政治意识、并促使他们质疑现状的思想
例：Some feminists had attempted to politicize personal life.一些女权主义者尝试过将个人生活政治化。

Word: analyzer
Front: analyzer
['ænəˌlaɪzə] (17905/-)
Back: n. 分析者，分析器; 吸收器
分布：分析者(85%)，=analyser.(15%)
n. [计] 分析器；分析者； [光] 检偏镜
 - profiler

Word: indisputable
Front: indisputable
[ˌɪndɪˈspju:təbl] (17939/20087 -1)
Vocabulary: indisputable
(once / 1955 pages)
adj
If you say something is indisputable, you’d better be pretty sure about it. Indisputable is used to describe something that is so obviously true that there is no room for questions or debate.
If you dispute something, you question it, such as disputing your friend's claim that he is the faster runner. You might have a race to determine who's right. But if something is indisputable, it is beyond question or doubt, like if your friend also happens to be an Olympic marathoner and you can barely jog a mile. But pay attention — if someone is calling something indisputable that's really a matter of opinion or taste, it's debatable. Indisputable requires facts.
WORD FAMILY
indisputable: indisputability, indisputably+/disputable: disputably, indisputable, undisputable/disputant: disputants/disputation: disputations/ disputatious: disputatiously/disputative: disputatively/ dispute: disputable, disputant, disputation, disputatious, disputative, disputed, disputes, disputing/disputed: undisputed/undisputable: undisputably/undisputed: undisputedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Monday’s vote was, after all, the indisputable end to Mrs. Clinton’s 2016 campaign.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Continuing what scientists see as an indisputable trend, 2016 was an absolute scorcher.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Looking at it one way, both Wang and Adams were correct: Clinton indisputably won the popular vote while Trump was the uncontested electoral vote winner.
Slate(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: adj. 无可争辩的; 不容置疑的; 无可否认的; 无可讳言
分布：无可争辩的(80%)，无可置疑的(20%)
→in-,不，非，disputable,可争议的。
【反】refutable（adj 可驳倒的）
US [-tˌə-] adjective
■true, and impossible to doubt 不容置疑的，无可争辩的
• an artist of indisputable skill 技艺无可置疑的艺术家
• One fact is indisputable - this must never be allowed to happen again. 有一点是不容置疑的——就是这种事绝不能再次发生。
adj. 明白的；无争论之余地的
 - evident, uncontrovertible

Word: pimple
Front: pimple
[ˈpɪmpl] (雅 18075/25618)
Back: n. 丘疹，粉刺，小脓疱
分布：粉刺(36%)，丘疹(32%)，疙瘩(26%)，脓疱(6%)
→可能来自pap,乳头，词源同papilla,乳头状突起，丘疹。-le,小词后缀。
noun countable
■a small raised spot on the skin which is temporary 面疱，小脓包，粉刺
n. 疙瘩； [医] 丘疹；面疱
 - papule, knot

Word: robin
Front: robin
['rɒbɪn] (15954/3695)
Back: n. 知更鸟，鸫; （签名者不分先后，以避免受责的）圆形签名抗议书（或请愿书）
分布：知更鸟(90%)，欧鸲(10%)
→代称，来自人名 Robin.比较 petrel,来自人名 Peter.
US ['rɑ:.bɪn] (literary robin redbreast)
noun countable
■a small brown European bird with a red front, or a similar but slightly larger brown bird of North America （产于欧洲的）鸲，知更鸟；（产于北美的）旅鸫，美洲知更鸟
• Robins mostly appear in the winter and are commonly pictured on Christmas cards. 知更鸟在冬季最常见，经常被画在圣诞咭上。
n. 知更鸟
 - redbreast

Word: eighty-five
Front: eighty-five
None None
Back: 八十五
分布：八十五(100%)

Word: stethoscope
Front: stethoscope
[ˈsteθəskəʊp] (宝 18070/25973)
Back: n. 听诊器
分布：听诊器(88%)，用听诊器诊断(12%)
→来自希腊语 stethos,胸腔，词源可能同 sternum,胸腔，-scope,看，镜。
听诊器[stetho=chest(胸)]
【记】stetho胸，scope用于看的器具－用于看胸部的器具－听诊器
US [-skoʊp] noun countable
■a piece of medical equipment which doctors use to listen to your heart and lungs 听诊器
n. [临床] 听诊器
 - echometer

Word: craziness
Front: craziness
['kreɪzɪnəs] (18067/35531)
Back: n. 发狂，热中，狂热
分布：疯狂(100%)
ADJ-GRADED
不理智的;愚蠢的;古怪的
If you describe someone or something as crazy, you think they are very foolish or strange.
例：People thought they were all crazy to try to make money from manufacturing...人们认为他们简直是疯了，竟然想从制造业中赚钱。
例：That's why he's got so caught up with this crazy idea about Mr. Trancas.那就是为什么他对特兰卡斯先生一直有如此疯狂的想法。
ADJ-GRADED
精神失常的;患精神病的
Someone who is crazy is insane.
例：If I sat home and worried about all this stuff, I'd go crazy...如果整天坐在家里为这些事情担心，我会疯掉的。
例：He strides around the room beaming like a crazy man.他绕着房间大步地走着，像个疯子一样笑着。
ADJ-GRADED
热衷的;狂热的
If you are crazy about something, you are very enthusiastic about it. If you are not crazy about something, you do not like it.
例：He's still crazy about both his work and his hobbies...他对工作和个人爱好依然保持狂热。
例：I'm also not crazy about the initial terms of the deal.我对该协议的最初条款也不太满意。
ADJ-GRADED
迷恋的;爱上的
If you are crazy about someone, you are deeply in love with them.
例：None of that matters, because we're crazy about each other.那些都不重要，因为我们深深地爱着对方。
ADJ-GRADED
极度烦恼的;非常生气的
If something or someone makes you crazy or drives you crazy, they make you extremely annoyed or upset.
例：This sitting around is driving me crazy...老这样坐着无所事事快让我发疯了。
例：When Jock woke up and found you gone he went crazy.乔克醒来发现你走了，他简直气疯了。
PHRASE
拼命地;疯狂地
You use like crazy to emphasize that something happens to a great degree.
例：The stuff was selling like crazy...这东西卖疯了。
例：Some people can diet like crazy and not lose weight.有些人拼命节食也不能减肥。
n. 愚蠢；狂热；摇摇晃晃
 - abandon, simplicity, folly

Word: self-centered
Front: self-centered
[ˌself'sentəd] None
Vocabulary: self-centered
(once / 14021 pages)
adj
A self-centered person is excessively concerned with himself and his own needs. He's selfish.
You probably know some people who always talk about themselves, make every issue about themselves, and are generally all about "Me, me, me!" People like that are self-centered: as the word suggests, they are overly centered on themselves. Self-centered people tend to ignore the needs of others and only do what's best for them. You can also call them egocentric, egoistic, and egoistical. In the seventeenth century, however, self-centered meant "fixed or stationary."
WORD FAMILY
self-centered: self-centeredness+/ center: centered, centeredly, centering, centers, central, centric, centrical/centered: self-centered /centering: centerings/ central: centralise, centralism, centrality, centralize, centrally, centrals/centralisation: centralisations/centralise: centralisation, centralised, centralises, centralising, decentralise/centralised: decentralised/centralising: decentralising/centralism: centralist, centralistic/centrality: centralities/centralization: centralizations/centralize: centralization, centralized, centralizes, centralizing, decentralize/centric: bicentric, centrically/decentralise: decentalisation, decentralisation, decentralises/decentralize: decentralization, decentralized, decentralizes, decentralizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Moreover to limit his office hours to one day a week demonstrated how self-centered he is, not that he is committed to helping his students.
New York Times(Mar 27, 2013)
He’s also too ambitious and self-centered to tether himself to any consistent ideological framework.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Just you alone in the voting booth, cocooned in your infantile, self-soothing, self-centered thoughts.
New York Times(Nov 07, 2016)
Back: adj. 自我为中心的，利己主义的
adj. 自我中心的；利己主义的
 - egocentric, egoistic

Word: franchise
Front: franchise
[ˈfræntʃaɪz] (4357/6188 -2)
Vocabulary: franchise
(once / 448 pages)
nv
A franchise is a right granted by a government or corporation to an individual or group of individuals. One of the most important government-issued rights — so important it's known simply as "the franchise" — is the right to vote.
In its more commercial meaning, the fast-food chain McDonalds is a franchise. So are Burger King and Kentucky Fried Chicken and the New York Yankees. In other words, businesses from which you can buy a license in order to sell or use their products. More recently, the term has come to have an intellectual meaning as well, as in a particular series of books or films, such as the Harry Potter franchise.
WORD FAMILY
franchise: disfranchise, enfranchise, franchised, franchises, franchising+/ disenfranchise: disenfranchised, disenfranchisement, disenfranchises, disenfranchising/disfranchise: disfranchised, disfranchisement, disfranchises, disfranchising/disfranchisement: disfranchisements/ enfranchise: disenfranchise, enfranchised, enfranchisement, enfranchises, enfranchising/enfranchisement: enfranchisements
USAGE EXAMPLES
Should they use the franchise tag again, paying him $24 million for one year?
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Not just to Cousins, but to the franchise?
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Brown said the team would prefer not to use franchise tags on either player.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 选举权; 参政权; 特许权; 经销权
vt. 赋予特权; 赋予公民权
时态：franchised, franchising, franchises
分布：特权(44%)，选举权(29%)，特许经销权(14%)，赋予公民权(8%)，赋予特权(5%)
→来自古法语franc, 非奴役的，自由的，来自拉丁语francus, 法兰克人，自由人，词源同Frank. 其原词义即使享有自由权，后引申词义选举权，特许经销权等。
noun
BUSINESS 商业
 ADVANCED countable
■a right to sell a company's products in a particular area using the company's name 特许经销权
• a fast-food franchise 速食特许经销权
• a franchise holder 拥有特许经销权者
['fræn.tʃaɪz] noun
VOTE 选举
the franchise only singular
■the right to vote in an election, especially for representatives in a parliament or similar law-making organization （尤指投票选举议员等立法机构成员的）选举权
• In 1918 the suffragists won the franchise for UK women over the age of 29. 1918年参政权扩大论者为年满29岁的英国妇女赢得了选举权。
['fræn.tʃaɪz] verb transitive
■to give or sell a franchise to someone 向…授予（或出售）特许经销权
n. [贸易] 特权；公民权；经销权；管辖权
 - jurisdiction, special privilege
vt. 给…以特许（或特权）；赋予公民权
 - citizenize

Word: unopened
Front: unopened
[ʌnˈəʊpənd] (18082/19359)
Back: adj. 没有打开过的
分布：未开放的(42%)，没有开的(35%)，未启封的(23%)
ADJ
未被打开的
If something is unopened, it has not been opened yet.
例：...unopened bottles of olive oil...一瓶瓶封着的橄榄油
例：The letter lay unopened in the travel firm's pigeonhole...那封信被放在旅游公司的文件架上，一直没有拆封。

Word: mausoleum
Front: mausoleum
[ˌmɔ:səˈli:əm] (18072/19280)
Vocabulary: mausoleum
(once / 3821 pages)
n
A mausoleum is a building that contains a tomb or tombs. The Taj Mahal, built by Shah Jahan as a monument to his third wife, Mumtaz Mahal, is the world's most famous mausoleum.
Mausoleion, the Greek source of the Latinized mausoleum, was the name given to the tomb of the King Mausolus, a Persian ruler who died in 353 B.C.E. This vast elaborate structure was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Other notable mausoleums or mausolea include the mausoleum of China's First Qin Emperor –- the site of the famous Terra Cotta Army — and the tombs of Ulysses S. Grant and Abraham Lincoln.
WORD FAMILY
mausoleum: mausolea, mausoleums
USAGE EXAMPLES
On Saturday, a white cloth was draped over a new structure near the mausoleum for Cuban independence leader Jose Marti.
Seattle Times(Dec 03, 2016)
He fled to Hawaii, where he died and was interred in an Oahu mausoleum until 1993.
Time(Nov 30, 2016)
He points to a domed mausoleum nearby and says it is being built for Castro.
The Guardian(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: n. 陵墓
分布：陵墓(100%)
→来自希腊语Mausoleion,大型坟墓，来自Mausolos,小亚细亚古国Caria国王，在他死后，其王后Artemisia为他修建了大型的陵寝，并被评为古代世界七大奇迹之一，其名字就成为大型陵墓的代称。但其遗址不幸毁于公元三世纪的一次地震。
【记】读：冒死leum－去陵墓要冒着死的危险。
US [ˌmɑ:-] noun countable
■a building in which the bodies of dead people are buried 陵墓

Word: reusable
Front: reusable
[ˌri:ˈju:zəbl] (18083/32991)
Vocabulary: reusable
(once / 44941 pages)
adj
Something is reusable if it can be used more than once. Since you can wash a cloth napkin after you use it, it is reusable. Toilet paper? Not reusable.
Many cities now encourage shoppers to bring their own reusable bags to stores, instead of having groceries and other goods put in plastic bags that are usually thrown away after a single use. Reusable is a word you'll often see alongside words like recyclable, renewable, or sustainable, in an environmentally conscious context. It comes from the "again" prefix re- and usable.
WORD FAMILY
reuse: reusable, reused, reuses, reusing+/ disuse: disused, disuses/misuse: misused, misuses, misusing/ overuse: overused, overuses, overusing/ usable: unusable, usability, usableness/ usage: ill-usage, usages/usance: usances/ use: disuse, ill-use, misuse, overuse, reuse, usable, usage, usance, useable, used, useed, useful, useless, user, uses, using/useable: unuseable, useableness/ used: ill-used, unused, useder/ useful: usefuler, usefulest, usefully, usefulness/usefully: usefullys/usefulness: unusefulness, usefulnesss/ useless: uselesser, uselessest, uselessly, uselessness/ user: users/using: usings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Physician groups such as the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy maintain that the overall risk of infection is very low from the reusable devices.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Blue Origin is developing reusable rockets which will be able to launch satellites and people into space.
BBC(Nov 28, 2016)
Now I purchase only reusable cloth bags, which can be found at most stores year-round.
Washington Post(Nov 18, 2016)
Back: adj. 可再用的，可重复使用的，可重用的
分布：可再度使用的(58%)，可多次使用的(42%)
ADJ
可再使用的;可重复使用的
Things that are reusable can be used more than once.
例：The average family in Europe throws as much as £3,000 worth of reusable materials into its dustbin each year.欧洲的普通家庭每年扔进垃圾桶的可再利用材料的价值高达3,000英镑。
例：...reusable plastic containers.可重复使用的塑料容器

Word: foreign-born
Front: foreign-born
['fɒrɪnbɔ:n] None
Back: adj. 在国外出生的
分布：在国外出生的(100%)

Word: snowman
Front: snowman
[ˈsnəʊmæn] (高 18086/24155)
Back: n. 雪人
分布：雪人(100%)
US ['snoʊ-] noun countable
■a model of a person made of snow, especially by children 雪人
n. 雪人
 - yeti, Abominable Snowman

Word: spindle
Front: spindle
[ˈspɪndl] (18073/21263 -1)
Vocabulary: spindle
(once / 2476 pages)
n
A spindle is a narrow wooden rod that's used when spinning wool. If your aunt has a spinning wheel for making yarn from the wool of her sheep, it must have a spindle on it for twisting the fibers.
The noun spindle can be used to talk about a number of different forms of wooden rod or dowel, particularly if they turn or spin. A yarn spinner's spindle is one kind — another is a chair leg or a banister rail that was made from being turned on a lathe. In fact, spindle and spin share a common root word, the Old English spinnan, "draw out and twist fibers into a thread."
WORD FAMILY
spindle: spindles
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Chicago Tribune in July referred to the mansion as “the state’s most embarrassing fixer-upper,” describing overgrown gardens, crumbling bricks, sagging balconies and missing spindles.
Washington Times(Oct 24, 2016)
First, the spindles and looms shifted to the low-wage South.
Wall Street Journal(Oct 21, 2016)
It breaks my heart that the city where I grew up --Fall River, MA, the Spindle City-- is a Trump stronghold.
New York Times(Sep 28, 2016)
Back: n. 纺锤，纱锭; 轴; 细长的人或物; [生]纺锤体
adj. 像锭子的，绽子似的; 细长的
vt. 装锭子于; 长成细长茎; 用纺锤形锉打眼
vi. 长得细长
分布：轴(80%)，纺锤(19%)，细长的人或物(1%)
→来自 spin,纺织，编织，-le,工具格后缀。插入字母-d,比较 sound.用于指纺轴。
noun countable
■a part of a machine around which something turns, or a rod onto which thread is twisted when it is spun （机器的）轴；纺锤，绕线杆
n. 轴； [细胞] 纺锤， [纺] 锭子；细长的人或物
 - axis, sheft
adj. [纺] 锭子的，锭子似的；细长的
 - slight, slender

Word: underbrush
Front: underbrush
[ˈʌndəbrʌʃ] (18089/43423)
Back: n. 灌木丛; 林下灌丛
分布：矮树丛(100%)
US [-dɚ-] US
noun uncountable
■ undergrowth 林下灌丛；林下植物
n. 林下灌木丛；矮树丛
 - bush

Word: blocking
Front: blocking
['blɒkɪŋ] (13204/15463)
Back: n. 舞台场面设计; 舞台调度; 舞台场面调度设计; 模块化
v. 堵塞( block的现在分词 ); 阻碍; 设计（电视录像的摄像镜头布局）; [球类]（合法）阻挡（对手）
分布：阻塞(96%)，动词block的现在分词形式.(2%)，舞台调度(2%)
N-COUNT
大楼；大厦
A block of flats or offices is a large building containing them.
例：...blocks of council flats.一栋栋市政公寓大楼
例：...a white-painted apartment block.一栋漆成白色的公寓大楼
N-COUNT
街区
A block in a town is an area of land with streets on all its sides.
例：She walked four blocks down High Street...她沿着商业大街走了4个街区。
例：He walked around the block three times.他绕着这个街区转了3圈。
N-COUNT
（长方形）块，大块
A block of a substance is a large rectangular piece of it.
例：...a block of ice.一大块冰
VERB
阻塞，堵塞（道路、管道等）
To block a road, channel, or pipe means to put an object across it or in it so that nothing can pass through it or along it.
例：Some students today blocked a highway that cuts through the center of the city...今天一些学生堵塞了一条贯穿市中心的公路。
例：When the shrimp farm is built it will block the stream...一旦养虾场建起来，将会截断这条河流。
VERB
挡住，遮住（视线）
If something blocks your view, it prevents you from seeing something because it is between you and that thing.
例：...a row of spruce trees that blocked his view of the long north slope of the mountain.一排云杉挡住了他的视线，使他看不到这座山绵长的北坡
VERB
堵住，阻挡，挡住（去路）
If you block someone's way, you prevent them from going somewhere or entering a place by standing in front of them.
例：I started to move round him, but he blocked my way...我准备绕过他，但他挡住了我。
例：Mr Calder tried to leave the shop but the police officer blocked his path.考尔德先生想离开商店，但是那位警员拦住了他。
VERB
阻挠；阻止；妨碍
If you block something that is being arranged, you prevent it from being done.
例：For years the country has tried to block imports of various cheap foreign products...多年来，这个国家一直竭力阻挠各种廉价外国产品的进口。
例：His persistent attempts to complain to his superiors were blocked and ignored.他一再试图向上级投诉，但都被挡了回来并置之不理。
VERB
（体育运动中）拦截，阻截（进球、对手等）
In some sports, if a player blocks a shot or kick, they stop the ball reaching its target. If one player blocks another, the first stops the second from reaching or moving with the ball.
例：In the final seconds, Gunn goalie Kevin Cantwell blocked two shots.在最后的几秒钟，甘恩队的守门员凯文·坎特维尔扑出了两次射门。
N-COUNT
（尤指按特定顺序同时售出的）大量，大批，大套（票、股票等）
A block of something such as tickets or shares is a large quantity of them, especially when they are all sold at the same time and are in a particular sequence or order.
例：Those booking a block of seats get them at reduced rates.团体订座可享受折扣价。
N-COUNT
（短时间的）思维停滞，思维中断
If you have a mental block or a block, you are temporarily unable to do something that you can normally do which involves using, thinking about, or remembering something.
PHRASE
冒着败坏名声的风险；拿名誉（或地位）做赌注
If someone lays their head on the block, or puts their head on the block, they are risking their reputation or position by taking a particular course of action.
例：The Chancellor, by his unusual statement, has put his head on the block.这位总理冒着丢乌纱帽的风险发表了一份非同寻常的声明。
n. 阻塞；封闭；大块
 - bulk, jam-up
v. 阻塞（block的ing形式）
 - obstructing, clogging

Word: cobble
Front: cobble
[ˈkɒbl] (17959/15654)
Back: vt. 粗劣地制作; 修（鞋）; 匆匆制作; 胡乱拼凑
n. 鹅卵石，圆石
时态：cobbled, cobbling, cobbles
分布：鹅卵石(51%)，圆石(23%)，铺鹅卵石(19%)，粗制滥造(7%)
→词源不详。
US ['kɑ:.bl] noun countable usually plural (also cobblestone)
■a rounded stone used on the surface of an old-fashioned road （老式路面用的）鹅卵石
• The cart rumbled over the cobbles. 大车咕隆隆地碾过鹅卵石。
UK ['kɒb.l] US ['kɑ:.bl] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] cobble sth together
■to do or make something quickly and not very carefully 粗制滥造；东拼西凑；匆匆拼凑
• I just had to cobble this meal together from what I had in the fridge. 我只需用冰箱里现成的东西凑合这顿饭。
n. 鹅卵石，圆石
 - roundstone

Word: whir
Front: whir
[hwɜ:, wɜ:] (托 18084/22470)
Back: vi. 呼呼作声地飞（或转），作呼呼声
vt. 使呼呼地飞（或转），呼地一声把…带走
n. 呼呼声，飕飕声
时态：whirred, whirring, whirs
分布：呼呼声(34%)，作呼呼声(22%)，飕飕声(22%)，=whirr.(11%)，发飕飕声的飞或转(11%)
n. 呼呼声，飕飕声
 - burr

Word: spindly
Front: spindly
[ˈspɪndli] (宝 18091/20749)
Back: adj. （尤指腿）细长的，纤弱的
分布：细长的(85%)，纤弱的(15%)
细长的(spindle纺锤)[-ly 1.表形容词,通常加在名词后2.表副词,通常放在形容词后]
【记】源于：spin（v 旋转；纺织；n 旋转；纺锤）纺锤形状细长
【参】spinster（n 未婚妇女；老处女）整天spin的ster女人。
adjective
■long or tall and thin, and looking weak 细长瘦弱的；长而纤弱的
• spindly legs 细长的腿
• a plant with a spindly stem 长着细长茎的植物
adj. 细长的；纺锤形的
 - slender, slight

Word: buzzword
Front: buzzword
[ˈbʌzwɜ:d] (18093/34385)
Back: n. （报刊等的）时髦术语，流行行话
分布：流行词(66%)，行话(26%)，漂亮口号(8%)
US [-wɝ:d] noun countable
■a word or expression from a particular subject area, that has become fashionable by being used a lot, especially on television and in the newspapers （尤指在电视或报纸上频繁使用的）时髦词语
• 'Diversity' is the new buzzword in education. “多元化”是教育界里新的时髦词语。

Word: expressionless
Front: expressionless
[ɪkˈspreʃənləs] (18055/17411)
Back: adj. 无表情的
分布：没有表情的(100%)
adjective
■not showing what someone thinks or feels 无表情的；感情不流露的；呆板的：
• He has such an expressionless face/voice. 他面无表情／声音没流露出任何感情。
adj. 无表情的；呆板的
 - mechanical, wooden, dead

Word: torch
Front: torch
[tɔ:tʃ] (研四六雅 7182/5151 -2)
Vocabulary: torch
(once / 411 pages)
1nv 2n
A torch is a handheld light. Although flashlights are sometimes called "torches," technically a torch has a burning flame.
Torch can also be used as a verb indicating that something has been purposely set on fire. For example, arsonists have been known to torch empty buildings just for fun. This meaning dates to 1931. The noun form of torch has been around a lot longer. In the late 13th century torch came into English from the Old French word torche, or "twisted thing," which was a piece of wax-dipped rope.
WORD FAMILY
torch: torched, torches, torching
USAGE EXAMPLES
Organisers said there were "limited torches and wristbands" for the Torchlight Procession.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Little Torch Key is about 30 miles north of Key West.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
You’ve got to be wired a little bit different to even carry the torch, it’s a great honor when it’s yours.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 火把，火炬; 手电筒
vt. & vi. 放火烧，纵火烧（建筑物或汽车）
时态：torched, torching, torches
分布：火炬(76%)，火把(12%)，手电筒(11%)，纵火(1%)
→来自古法语 torche,火把，草把，来自拉丁语 torquere,扭曲，转，扎，词源同 turn,torque.引申 词义手电筒。
n.手电筒;火炬,火把"Rough cough is tough enough," Bough said while touching the torch."剧烈咳嗽是够难以对付的,"大树枝在触摸手电筒时说道.
US [tɔ:rtʃ] noun
 ADVANCED countable UK (US flashlight)
■a small light which is held in the hand and usually gets its power from batteries 手电筒
• She flashed/shone the torch into the dark room. 她用手电筒照了照黑暗的房间。
 ADVANCED countable
■a thick stick with material which burns tied to the top of it in order to give light 火炬；火把
• a flaming/blazing torch 熊熊燃烧的火炬
• literary Many buildings were put to the torch (= burned intentionally) during the riots. 暴乱中，许多建筑物被付之一炬。
only singular approving
■used as a symbol of a political movement or idea that has an important positive influence （象征具有重大积极影响的政治运动或思想的）火炬
• We must not let the burning torch of socialism go out. 我们不能让熊熊燃烧的社会主义火炬熄灭。
UK [tɔ:tʃ] US [tɔ:rtʃ] verb transitive
■to burn a building or other large thing, intentionally and usually illegally 放火烧，纵火烧（建筑物或其他大型物体）
• They smashed a side door to get in and then torched the warehouse when they had taken what they wanted. 他们从侧门破门而入，拿走了他们所要的东西后，将仓库付之一炬。
n. 火把，火炬；手电筒；启发之物
 - firebrand, flashlight

Word: ransack
Front: ransack
[ˈrænsæk] (17967/19173 -1)
Vocabulary: ransack
(once / 2667 pages)
v
When you ransack, you rifle through things, steal some of them, and leave a huge mess behind. If neighborhood dogs got into a cupcake shop, they would probably ransack it.
You can use the verb ransack to describe a careful search — you might ransack your backpack looking for your car keys, for example. Marauding armies, feral cats, burglars, and other troublemakers are often described as ransacking towns, rooms, gardens, or shops, especially if they take things and leave disarray in their wake. The word ransack comes from the Old Norse rannsaka, which has a similar meaning but is literally "search the house."
WORD FAMILY
ransack: ransacked, ransacking, ransacks+/ransacking: ransackings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Then run back in and ransack their drawers for cash.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
After two days of unrest over the measure - including one death and dozens of shops ransacked - Maduro on Saturday postponed the measure until Jan. 2.
Reuters(Dec 18, 2016)
Nearly 40 businesses, mostly grocery stores, were ransacked around the state.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: vt. 彻底搜查; 抢劫，掠夺; 仔细思索
时态：ransacked, ransacking, ransacks
分布：洗劫(53%)，彻底搜索(47%)
→来自古诺斯语 ransakka,入室抢劫，来自 rann,屋子，房屋，词源同 barn,saka,搜寻，翻找，词 源同 seek.
verb transitive
■to search a place or container in a violent and careless way 洗劫；劫掠；粗暴地搜翻
• The burglars ransacked the house but found nothing valuable. 窃贼把房子翻了个底朝天，但没有找到任何值钱的东西。
• I ransacked the cupboard for my ski boots. 我在橱柜里翻来翻去找我的滑雪靴。
vt. 洗劫，掠夺；遍寻
 - harry, despoil

Word: cheater
Front: cheater
['tʃi:tə] (18078/49204)
Back: n. 骗子，欺诈者，背叛者
分布：骗子(86%)，背叛者(14%)
N-COUNT
骗子;欺诈者;背叛者
A cheater is someone who cheats.
n. [法] 骗子；背叛者；眼镜
 - fraud, sharp

Word: navigational
Front: navigational
[ˌnævɪ'ɡeɪʃənl] (18102/20984)
Back: adj. 航行的，航海的
分布：导航的(58%)，航行的(42%)
ADJ
航行的;飞行的
Navigational means relating to the act of navigating a ship or an aircraft.
例：The crash was a direct result of inadequate navigational aids.坠机是导航不力的直接后果。
adj. [水运] 航行的，航运的
 - sailing

Word: holly
Front: holly
[ˈhɒli] (15971/5866 -1)
Back: n. 冬青（常绿灌木，叶尖而硬，有光泽，冬季结红色浆果）; （用作圣诞节饰物的）冬青树枝; [名]霍莉，女子名
分布：冬青树(100%)
→来自kel,砍，劈，词源同clone,cleave,gladiator.引申词义剑，锯齿，后用于指冬青属植物，因其锯齿状叶片而得名。
US ['hɑ:.li] noun countable or uncountable
■a small evergreen (= never losing its leaves) tree with shiny sharp leaves and small round red fruit 冬青
n. [植] 冬青树（等于holm oak）
 - evergreen tree, wintergreen

Word: repugnant
Front: repugnant
[rɪˈpʌgnənt] (宝 17964/19444)
Vocabulary: repugnant
(once / 1086 pages)
adj
Repugnant refers to something you detest so thoroughly it threatens to make you physically sick, like the idea of marrying your sister. Or wearing last year's jeans.
A repugnant thing is a thing offensive, detestable, or obscene. It can be repugnant to your mind or your morals. It can also be physically repugnant, like the smell that comes from a restaurant’s dumpster, which hasn't been emptied since the very exciting "Omelet Week," way back at the beginning of August. Makes you want to "re-PLUG-nant" your nose!
WORD FAMILY
repugnant: repugnance, repugnantly+/ repugnance: repugnances
USAGE EXAMPLES
He burrowed into a character whose actions are flatly repugnant.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
It depicts repugnant attitudes and practices of white supremacy that poisoned earlier generations’ achievements and that are inseparable from those achievements.
The New Yorker(Dec 23, 2016)
He sees Thornton’s character as a repugnant hybrid of Bill Clinton and George W. Bush — “the worst idea of an American president,” he says.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 令人厌恶的; 矛盾的
分布：抵触的(40%)，讨厌的(30%)，令人厌恶的(30%)
→re-,向后，往回，-pugn,拳头，词源同 pugnacious,puncture.比喻用法。
令人厌恶的(re+pugn打＋ant→[把人]打回去→(行为)令人厌恶的)[re-①表示"向后,相反,不"②表示"一再,重新"]
厌恶的,反感的(re反+pugn+ant→反打回来→反感的)[Pugn=fight,表示"打斗"]
【记】re反，pugn打斗，ant－反过去打－令人厌恶的
【参】pugnacious（adj 好斗的）
[rɪ'pʌg.nənt] formal
adjective
■If behaviour or beliefs, etc. are repugnant, they are very unpleasant, causing a feeling of disgust 令人厌恶的；令人反感的
• a repugnant smell 令人作呕的气味
• I find your attitude towards these women quite repugnant. 我觉得你对待这些女性的态度非常令人反感。
• The idea of cheating in an exam is morally repugnant to me. 我认为要在考试中作弊的想法不道德，我对此深恶痛绝。
adj. 讨厌的；矛盾的；敌对的
 - evil, adverse, rank, unpleasant, opposed

Word: forester
Front: forester
[ˈfɒrɪstə(r)] (18009/10741)
Back: n. 林务员，林务官
分布：林务员(46%)，护林人(29%)，林蛾(25%)
US ['fɔ:r.ɪ.stɚ] noun countable
■a person who is in charge of taking care of a forest 林务员；护林人

Word: big-screen

Word: earthen
Front: earthen
[ˈɜ:θn] (17960/33909)
Back: adj. （地面或墙）泥土做的，土制的; （物体）陶制的; 瓦
分布：陶制的(53%)，土制的(38%)，尘世的(9%)
US ['ɝ:-] adjective
■made of earth or of baked clay 泥土制的；陶制的
• an earthen casserole dish 砂锅炖菜
adj. 土制的；陶制的；地球上的
 - tellural

Word: wily
Front: wily
[ˈwaɪli] (宝 17961/19464 -1)
Vocabulary: wily
(once / 1695 pages)
adj
Did you fall for that wily door to door salesman's pitch? He must be very slick and tricky to have convinced you to buy a set of new tires, considering you don't have a car.
How can you remember the meaning of the adjective wily? Just think about the old Warner Brothers Looney Tunes cartoons. Their aptly named cartoon character, Wile E. Coyote, got his name from a clever play on words. Wile E. is supposed to be cunning, crafty, and clever — in other words, wily. Wile E. is all those things, but unfortunately he was usually bested by that pesky roadrunner anyway. Meep. Meep.
WORD FAMILY
wily: wilier, wiliest, wilily, wiliness+/ wile: wiles, wily
USAGE EXAMPLES
Even when the wily or wicked mar Austen’s universe, they do not prevail.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Bishop questioned the Chinese media’s suggestion that Trump’s tweets were part of a wily psychological ploy to force trade concessions from Beijing.
The Guardian(Dec 18, 2016)
Although today’s wild turkeys are small and wily, that was not true of the turkeys of the Pilgrims’ time.
Washington Post(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: adj. 狡诈的，狡猾的; 足智多谋的; 诡计多端的
级别：wilier, wiliest
分布：狡猾的(100%)
→来自wile,奸计，欺骗。
【记】读：歪理，总是给人家讲歪理－诡计多端的源于：wile（n /v 诡计；欺骗）
adjective
■(of a person) clever, having a very good understanding of situations, possibilities and people, and often willing to use tricks to achieve an aim （人）狡猾的，诡计多端的
• a wily politician 狡猾的政客
⇒ See also wiles
adj. 狡猾的；诡计多端的
 - designing, knowing, subtle, tricky, guileful

Word: bulging
Front: bulging
[ˈbʌldʒɪŋ] (18107/21663)
Back: n. 膨胀; 凸出（部）; 打气; 折皱
v. 凸出( bulge的现在分词 ); 充满; 塞满（某物）
分布：膨胀(61%)，凸出(26%)，打气(7%)，动词bulge的现在分词.(3%)，撑压内形法(3%)
VERB
凸出；鼓胀
If something such as a person's stomach bulges, it sticks out.
例：Jiro waddled closer, his belly bulging and distended...伊罗步履蹒跚地走近，肚子鼓胀凸出。
例：He bulges out of his black T-shirt...他的肚子在黑色T恤衫下鼓鼓地挺着。
VERB
（眼睛或血管）凸出
If someone's eyes or veins are bulging, they seem to stick out a lot, often because the person is making a strong physical effort or is experiencing a strong emotion.
例：His eyes seemed to bulge like those of a toad...他的眼睛鼓得像癞蛤蟆。
例：He shouted at his brother, his neck veins bulging.他朝他的兄弟吼叫，脖子上青筋暴突。
VERB
充满；塞满
If you say that something is bulging with things, you are emphasizing that it is full of them.
例：They returned home with the car bulging with boxes.他们车里满载大包小盒，回到了家。
例：...a bulging briefcase.一个塞得满满的公文包
N-COUNT
肿块；疙瘩
Bulges are lumps that stick out from a surface which is otherwise flat or smooth.
例：Why won't those bulges on your hips and thighs go?你屁股和大腿上的肿块怎么还不消下去？
N-COUNT
激增；猛涨
If there is a bulge in something, there is a sudden large increase in it.
例：...a bulge in aircraft sales.飞机销量的猛增
例：...the huge bulge of payments due over the next two years.今后两年陆续到期的巨额支付款项
n. 膨胀，凸出；打气；折皱
 - expansion, inflation

Word: boarder
Front: boarder
[ˈbɔ:də(r)] (托 18018/20889)
Vocabulary: boarder
(once / 1474 pages)
1n 2n 3n
A boarder is someone who rents a room in someone's house. It can also be a student who lives and studies away from home at a boarding school.
There are two main meanings of boarder, but they both involve staying somewhere away from home. A boarding school is a private school where students live as well as study. Those students are called boarders. Also, if someone rents a room of their house to guests, the guests are boarders. Holden Caulfield, the main character of "Catcher in the Rye," was a boarder; that is, until he got thrown out of Pencey Prep.
WORD FAMILY
boarder: boarders+/ board: boarded, boarder, boarding, boards, overboard /boarding: boardings/ overboard: overboards
USAGE EXAMPLES
Plans also call for Jib Creek to open for skiers and boarders that want to catch some air or hit some jibs.
Seattle Times(Dec 05, 2016)
In New Mexico, the state’s first lift-accessed cross course for boarders and skiers will open at the expanded terrain park at Angel Fire Resort.
New York Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Rev. Moseley said that her boarders draw police attention no matter where and when they hang out.
Washington Times(Nov 19, 2016)
Back: n. 寄宿生; 寄宿者; 登船（或飞机等）的人; 被派强登敌船者
分布：寄宿者(51%)，搭伙者(37%)，滑雪者(12%)
US ['bɔ:r.dɚ] noun countable
■a student at a school who sleeps and eats there and only goes home during school holidays （学校的）住宿生 Compare day pupil
n. 寄膳者；寄膳宿者；寄宿生
 - paying guest, resident student

Word: permissive
Front: permissive
[pəˈmɪsɪv] (托宝 18103/15236)
Vocabulary: permissive
(once / 11963 pages)
adj
Being permissive is the opposite of being strict. Permissive parents let their kids stay up later and have more sweets.
A permissive person is a little more lenient or loosey-goosey with the rules. A permissive teacher is easier on the students and lets them get away with more. A permissive coach will cut players slack during practices and games. Laws can be permissive too — about drugs, guns, and other things that could be tightly controlled. A permissive society is one with more freedom. When a situation is permissive, there's permission to do more things.
WORD FAMILY
permissive: permissively, permissiveness, unpermissive+/ impermissible: impermissibility, impermissibly/ permissible: impermissible, permissibility, permissibly/ permission: permissions/ permit: permissible, permission, permissive, permiting, permits, permitted, permitting/unpermissive: unpermissively, unpermissiveness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The results of this permissive parenting are catastrophic.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Castro’s direct democracy was parsimonious regarding elections but permissive of shrugs.
Washington Post(Nov 26, 2016)
Team Obama repeatedly urged Congress to pass a new AUMF, but Republicans called the White House draft too restrictive and Democrats found it too permissive.
Economist(Nov 24, 2016)
Back: adj. 宽大的; 放任的; 自由的; 容许的
分布：许可的(44%)，放任的(25%)，纵容的(17%)，获准的(14%)
→来自permit,许可，-ss,过去分词格。引申词义纵容的，放纵的。
准许的;纵容的(per＋miss＋ive)[Miss,mit=send,cast,表示"送,放出"]
过分纵容的(per全部+miss送,给...全部给出去)[-ive 1.表形容词2.表名词后缀,"人或物"]
【记】permiss允许，ive过分－纵容的
【参】permission（n 许可；允许）
US [pɚ-] adjective
■A person or society that is permissive allows behaviour which other people might disapprove of 纵容的，放纵的
• It's a very permissive school where the children are allowed to do whatever they like. 这是一所放任自流的学校，孩子可以为所欲为。
• He claims that society has been far too permissive towards drug taking. 他宣称社会对吸毒问题过于姑息。
adj. 许可的；自由的；宽容的；（两性关系）放纵的
 - free, kind, allowable

Word: invertebrate
Front: invertebrate
[ɪnˈvɜ:tɪbrət] (托宝 18039/17362)
Vocabulary: invertebrate
(once / 10894 pages)
nadj
An invertebrate is an animal without a backbone. Invertebrate animals include fruit flies and sea sponges.
Your backbone allows you to stand up straight, and it also allows you to be grouped with the other vertebrates: animals with backbones. Invertebrates are the opposite: they have no backbone. These are the two major groups of animals. Also, this word is used for people who are spineless in the sense of having no courage. You could say a coward acts in an invertebrate way. Whether it's a backbone-free animal or a courage-free person, all invertebrates lack spines.
WORD FAMILY
invertebrate: invertebrates+/ vertebrate: invertebrate, vertebrates
USAGE EXAMPLES
Glenn Frei, a keeper of invertebrates who works closely with Miller and Mills, also said he supported the title.
Washington Times(Dec 02, 2016)
In 1986, construction of LACMA’s Japanese Pavilion was shut down for six weeks when excavation uncovered a major deposit of invertebrate fossils.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 30, 2016)
The scientists looked for evidence of virus infection in a group of animals called invertebrates, which includes insects and spiders.
BBC(Nov 24, 2016)
Back: adj. 无脊椎的
n. 无脊椎动物
分布：无脊椎动物(83%)，无脊椎的(17%)
→in-,不，非，vertebrate,脊椎动物。
【记】vertebrate（n /adj 有脊椎动物）；vert转，ebrate＝elaborate（adj 精细复杂的）－一节一节的精细复杂的转在一起－有脊椎动物
US [-'vɝ:.tˌə-] specialized
noun countable
■an animal with no spine 无脊椎动物
• Invertebrates, such as worms, are the main diet of these water birds. 蠕虫之类的无脊椎动物是这些水鸟的主要食物。
Compare vertebrate
adj. [无脊椎] 无脊椎的；无骨气的
 - spineless
n. [无脊椎] 无脊椎动物；无骨气的人
 - Invertebrate Zoology

Word: vertebrate
Front: vertebrate
[ˈvɜ:tɪbrət] (托 18088/17414)
Vocabulary: vertebrate
(once / 2625 pages)
nadj
A vertebrate is an animal that has a backbone and a skeleton. Vertebrate animals include humans.
When you think about vertebrates, think about bones: this word has to do with animals that have a lot of bones, in the form of a skeleton. It especially refers to animals with a backbone, which protects their spinal cord. Vertebrates have many bones, including a skull which protects their brains, which tend to be large. People, dogs, horses, lizards, dogs, cats, and many other animals are in the vertebrate category. Animals without a backbone are called invertebrates.
WORD FAMILY
vertebrate: invertebrate, vertebrates+/ invertebrate: invertebrates
USAGE EXAMPLES
"Nothing like this is seen in any other fossil vertebrate and the platypus is the only modern land-living vertebrate that does anything similar."
BBC(Dec 22, 2016)
“This is wholly unexpected,” says Stephen Brusatte, a vertebrate paleontologist at the University of Edinburgh, who wasn’t involved in the study.
Science Magazine(Dec 22, 2016)
Humans are changing ecosystems in matters of years, while most vertebrate evolution happens over the course of millennia, if not longer.
Washington Post(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 脊椎动物
adj. 有脊椎的，脊椎动物的
分布：脊椎动物(83%)，脊椎动物的(16%)，脊椎的(1%)
→来自vertebra,脊椎。
【记】vert转，ebr，ate吃：能转动身体还能吃－脊椎动物。
US ['vɝ:.tˌə-] specialized
adjective
■having a spine (= back bone) 有脊椎的
UK ['vɜ:.tɪ.brət] US ['vɝ:.tˌə-] specialized
noun countable
■an animal that has a spine 脊椎动物
• Birds, fish, mammals, amphibians and reptiles are all vertebrates. 鸟类、鱼类、哺乳动物、两栖动物和爬行动物都是脊椎动物。
Compare invertebrate
adj. [脊椎] 脊椎动物的；有脊椎的
 - backboned
n. [脊椎] 脊椎动物
 - amniote

Word: backpack
Front: backpack
[ˈbækpæk] (托 6456/25243)
Vocabulary: backpack
(once / 8220 pages)
nv
A backpack is a bag you wear on your back, with straps over your shoulders. Lots of kids carry their books to school in a backpack.
A hiker might carry a heavy backpack for miles, with food and a folded tent inside, while a kindergartner's backpack will be much smaller, and may have a cartoon character on it. You can also call this portable kind of bag a rucksack. If you hike with a backpack, you go backpacking, and you can call yourself a backpacker. The word's been around since the earliest 20th century.
WORD FAMILY
backpack: backpacked, backpacker, backpacking, backpacks+/ backpacker: backpackers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Backpacks, bottles and firecrackers were also banned and machine-gun carrying policemen are set to patrol throughout the night.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
A stray backpack prompted the partial evacuation of the tower Tuesday.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
A stray backpack prompted the partial evacuation of the tower on Tuesday.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. （指登山者、步行者使用或背小孩时使用的）背包， （有轻金属框的）箱形背包
vi. 背着背包徒步旅行
分布：双肩背包(68%)，挑运(24%)，背包徒步旅行(8%)
noun countable
■a rucksack
['bæk.pæk] verb intransitive
■to travel or go camping while carrying your clothes and other things that you need in a backpack 背包旅行；野外露营
• We backpacked around Thailand. 我们背着背包在泰国徒步旅行。
n. 双肩背包，背包；远足用的背包
 - pack, knapsack

Word: orator
Front: orator
[ˈɒrətə(r)] (托 18117/19398)
Vocabulary: orator
(once / 526 pages)
n
A person giving a speech is called an orator, like the gifted orator who raised excellent points, making everyone in the audience want to join his revolution.
The noun orator traces back to the Latin word orare, meaning to “speak before a court or assembly, plead.” Orator is really just a formal way of saying “speaker.” Technically, you can use it to describe anyone who is giving a speech, whether it’s a speaker at the United Nations or a classmate giving a short presentation. However, orator often implies that the speaker is particularly gifted.
WORD FAMILY
orator: orators+/ orate: orated, orates, orating, oration, orator, oratory / oration: orations/oratorical: oratorically/ oratory: oratorical, oratories
USAGE EXAMPLES
He soon emerged as one of the most effective writers and orators in the movement to abolish slavery.
Washington Post(Dec 04, 2016)
We were bombarded by the famous close-ups, the profile, the orator before vast crowds, the man apart.
New York Times(Dec 04, 2016)
Trudeau was heavily criticized on Saturday for describing Castro as a “legendary revolutionary and orator” and “a remarkable leader” in a statement.
Seattle Times(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: n. 演说者，演讲家
分布：演说者(41%)，演讲者(33%)，雄辩家(26%)
→来自拉丁语orare演讲，演说，词源同oral,oration.
演说家(orat+or人→用嘴巴的人)[ora,orat=mouth,表示"嘴,说"]
US ['ɔ:r.ə.tˌɚ] noun countable
■someone who is good at public speaking 演说家（善于公开演说的人）
• a skilled orator 老练的演说家
n. 演说者；演讲者；雄辩家；原告
 - plaintiff, lecturer

Word: three-bedroom

Word: emigre
Front: emigre
[ˈemɪgreɪ] (18098/28884)
Back: n. 移居者（尤指因政治因素而移居外国者），流亡者
分布：流亡者(100%)
→e-, 向外。-migr, 迁徙，移动，词源同move, migrate.此处用于政治术语，指流亡者。
移居境外者;流亡者(e出+migre移)[migr=remove,表示"迁移"]
n. 流亡者；移居者（尤指因政治因素而移居外国者）
 - migrant, refugee

Word: humbling
Front: humbling
['həmb(ə)lɪŋ] (17975/33487)
Back: adj. 令人羞辱的
v. 使谦恭( humble的现在分词 ); 轻松打败（尤指强大的对手）; 低声下气
分布：令人羞辱的(78%)，动词humble的现在分词.(22%)
ADJ-GRADED
谦逊的;谦虚的;谦卑的
A humble person is not proud and does not believe that they are better than other people.
例：He gave a great performance, but he was very humble...他的表演非常出色，但他却很谦虚。
例：Andy was a humble, courteous and gentle man.安迪是个谦逊而且彬彬有礼的绅士。
ADJ-GRADED
（社会地位）低下的，卑贱的
People with low social status are sometimes described as humble.
例：Spyros Latsis started his career as a humble fisherman in the Aegean...斯皮罗斯·拉齐斯的第一份职业是爱琴海上一名地位卑贱的渔夫。
例：He came from a fairly humble, poor background.他出生在一个地位相当低下的贫穷家庭。
ADJ-GRADED
粗陋的;简陋的;不起眼的
A humble place or thing is ordinary and not special in any way.
例：There are restaurants, both humble and expensive, that specialize in them...专门做这些菜的餐馆既有毫不起眼的也有价格昂贵的。
例：Varndell made his own reflector for these shots from a strip of humble kitchen foil.瓦恩德尔用一狭条普通的厨房用箔纸自制了反光板来拍摄这些照片。
ADJ-GRADED
愚（见）；拙（见）
People use humble in a phrase such as in my humble opinion as a polite way of emphasizing what they think, even though they do not feel humble about it.
例：It is, in my humble opinion, perhaps the best steak restaurant in Great Britain.依拙见，这可能是英国最好的牛排馆。
PHRASE
道歉赔不是;承认错误
If you eat humble pie, you speak or behave in a way which tells people that you admit you were wrong about something.
例：Anson was forced to eat humble pie and publicly apologise to her.安森被迫认错并公开向她道歉。
VERB
轻易击败（强大的对手）
If you humble someone who is more important or powerful than you, you defeat them easily.
例：Honda won fame in the 1980s as the little car company that humbled the industry giants...本田在20世纪80年代作为一家轻易挫败行业巨头的小汽车公司而声名鹊起。
例：Third-placed Barnet were humbled 3-0 at Crewe.排名第三的巴尼特队以0–3的比分在克鲁遭遇惨败。
VERB
使谦逊;使感到卑微;羞辱
If something or someone humbles you, they make you realize that you are not as important or good as you thought you were.
例：Ted's words humbled me...特德的话让我感到自惭。
例：I am sure millions of viewers were humbled by this story.我相信数百万观众看了这个故事后都会感到自己的渺小。

Word: pleated
Front: pleated
[ˈpli:tɪd] (18118/20952)
Back: adj. 打褶裥的，起褶的
分布：褶(66%)，打褶(17%)，褶状物(17%)
ADJ
打褶的；有褶裥的
A pleated piece of clothing has pleats in it.
例：...a short white pleated skirt.打褶的白色短裙
adj. 起褶的
 - puckery

Word: litigate
Front: litigate
[ˈlɪtɪgeɪt] (18121/40136)
Vocabulary: litigate
(once / 16694 pages)
v
To litigate is to engage in some sort of legal proceedings. Litigating mostly takes place in court.
If you're litigating, you'd better have a lawyer: you're involved in some sort of legal situation. When you sue someone, that's litigating. The person sued is also forced to litigate. People accused of a crime have to litigate when they're on trial. There are many types of litigation. Lawyers usually specialize in one type of litigating, such as criminal law or corporate law. If you're ever on a jury, you'll get a closer look at how litigating works.
WORD FAMILY
litigate: litigated, litigates, litigating, litigator+/litigator: litigators
USAGE EXAMPLES
"Why keep litigating? Let's both of us win," he said.
Reuters(Dec 15, 2016)
“We are currently in court litigating Inauguration Day access to parkland adjacent to the parade route for free speech activities,” Ms. Verheyden-Hilliard said.
New York Times(Dec 12, 2016)
This time, let’s litigate first and ask questions later.
Slate(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: v. 提出诉讼
时态：litigated, litigating, litigates
分布：诉讼(62%)，对簿法庭(19%)，在法庭相争(19%)
→来自拉丁语litigare,争论，争吵，lit-,争论，来自stel,ster,展开，拉紧，词源同structure,strict,ag-,做，行为，词源同agent,exigent.引申词义诉讼，打官司。
US ['lɪtˌ-] legal
verb intransitive or transitive
■to cause an argument to be discussed in a law court so that a judgment can be made which must be accepted by both sides 起诉，控告；提起诉讼
vt. 在法庭相争；提出诉讼
 - initiate legal proceeding, take action

Word: self-regulation
Front: self-regulation
[self ˌreɡjʊ'leɪʃn] None
Back: n. 自动调节; 自调整; 自调节
分布：自动调节(75%)，自我控制(25%)
noun uncountable
■making certain yourself that you or your employees act according to the rules, rather than having this done by other people 自我调节；自我调整
• They favour the self-regulation of the industry, and strict codes of conduct have already been issued by the Advertising Association. 他们倾向于产业自我调整，而广告协会已经颁布了严格的行为规范。

Word: turntable
Front: turntable
[ˈtɜ:nteɪbl] (18124/20826)
Back: n. （唱机的）转盘
分布：转车台(80%)，录音转播机(20%)
→turn,转动，table,桌子。用于指铁路机车的转台。
US ['tɝ:n-] noun countable
■a circular surface on a record player on which the record is played （唱机的）转盘，唱盘
■a circular surface on which a railway engine is turned around （铁路机车掉转方向的）转车台
n. （唱机上的） [声] 转盘； [铁路] 转车台；转车；（餐桌上用的）旋盘
 - dial, rotating disc

Word: goatee
Front: goatee
[gəʊˈti:] (18111/43581)
Back: n. 山羊胡子，（只留于下颚的）胡子
分布：山羊胡子(100%)
→来自goat, 山羊。
US ['goʊ-] noun countable
■a small usually pointed beard grown only on the chin, not the cheeks 山羊胡子

Word: instantaneously
Front: instantaneously
[ˌɪnstən'teɪnɪəslɪ] (18010/18651)
Back: adv. 即刻，突如其来地
分布：瞬间地(67%)，即刻地(33%)
ADJ-GRADED
瞬间的;即刻的
Something that is instantaneous happens immediately and very quickly.
例：Death was instantaneous because both bullets hit the heart.因为两颗子弹都击中了心脏,所以死亡是瞬间发生的。
adv. 即刻；突如其来地
 - eftsoon, swiftly

Word: esophagus
Front: esophagus
[ɪ'sɒfəɡəs] (宝 18110/-)
Vocabulary: esophagus
(once / 11119 pages)
n
The esophagus is the muscular tube that conveys food from the pharynx at the back of the mouth to the stomach. The esophagus is sometimes called the gullet.
Humans and other vertebrates have an esophagus. The word comes from the Greek word oisophagos, which means gullet, from the roots oisein, meaning to carry, and phagein, meaning to eat. In British English, the spelling is oesophagus. You should always chew your food thoroughly because you don't want it to get stuck in your esophagus on the way down, unless you're a heron and can swallow fish whole.
WORD FAMILY
esophagus: esophageal, esophagi, esophaguses, oesophagi+/esophageal: esophageally
USAGE EXAMPLES
To save Mr. Muñiz’s life, surgeons removed his tongue and his lower jaw and cut a hole through his esophagus.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The esophagus is the muscular tube that connects your throat and stomach.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
The society said smokeless tobacco has at least 28 known carcinogens and can lead to cancer in the mouth, pancreatic and esophagus.
Washington Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 食管，食道
分布：食道(100%)
→来自希腊文oisophagos,食道。oisein, 携带，带走，为词根fer的将来不定式。-phag, 吃，见geophagy.
US [-'sɑ:.fə-] noun countable US for oesophagus
n. 食管； [解剖] 食道
 - oesophagus, gullet

Word: arugula
Front: arugula
[æˈru:gjʊlə] (18096/-)
Vocabulary: arugula
(once / 33674 pages)
n
Arugula is a leafy green plant that's commonly used in salad. It's fairly easy to grow arugula in a small garden.
In the US, this plant is usually called arugula, while in the UK it's more often called rocket. Many backyard gardeners like to grow arugula, which is one of the earliest plants to be harvested, since it's fairly tolerant of cold. The Latin name is Eruca sativa, but arugula comes from an Italian dialect's variation on ruchetta, the plant's name in Italy.
WORD FAMILY
arugula
USAGE EXAMPLES
I told her the arugula was indeed Newark-grown and explained about the vertical farm.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
The point is that tastes and crops change — how many gardeners in the United States were growing bok choy or arugula 50 years ago?
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Then it’s topped with arugula, which adds some lightness to a heavy dish.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 芝麻菜
分布：名词(100%)
→来自PIE *ghers, 刺毛，词源同horror. 拼写变化历史略。美式英语写作arugula, 英式英语写作rocket.
US (UK rocket)
noun uncountable
■a plant whose long green leaves are used in salads 芝麻菜（其长绿叶用来做沙拉）

Word: Astrodome

Word: rheumatoid
Front: rheumatoid
['ru:mətɔɪd] (17969/23833)
Back: adj. 风湿病的，类风湿病的
分布：类风湿病的(100%)

Word: recalcitrant
Front: recalcitrant
[rɪˈkælsɪtrənt] (宝 17985/14128)
Vocabulary: recalcitrant
(once / 6495 pages)
adj
If someone is so pig-headed that he won't budge on an issue, call him recalcitrant. Not that it will make a difference...
Recalcitrant is from Latin calcitrare, meaning "to kick," so someone who is recalcitrant is kicking back against what's wanted of them. Synonyms are unruly, intractable, and refractory, all referring to what is difficult to manage or control. Writers are frequently referring to recalcitrant Democrats and Republicans, since many people are stubbornly loyal to their political parties and unwilling to change.
WORD FAMILY
recalcitrant: recalcitrancy
USAGE EXAMPLES
Assertive government regulators and recalcitrant target companies helped quash those merger dreams.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
This created a stalemate that lasted until Alexander Hamilton intervened to persuade recalcitrant lawmakers to back Jefferson.
The Guardian(Dec 18, 2016)
Though he was described as willing to talk, the C.I.A. moved him to a secret prison and immediately applied interrogation methods reserved for recalcitrant prisoners.
New York Times(Oct 08, 2016)
Back: adj. 倔强对抗的，拒不服从的; 拗强
分布：反抗的(72%)，顽强的(28%)
→re-,向后，往回，-calc,脚跟，踢，词源同 calcaneus,decal,inculcate.引申词义难以控制的。
calc+itrant表形容词→重新变成石头顽固的)[calc=stone,表示"石头"]
【记】re反复，calc石头，itrant一反复成为石头一固执的
【反】submissive（adj 顺从的）；amenable（adj 应服从的）
[rɪ'kæl.sɪ.trənt] formal
adjective
■(of a person) unwilling to obey orders or to do what should be done, or (of an animal) refusing to be controlled （人）不守规章的，桀骜不驯的；（动物）不驯服的
adj. 反抗的；反对的；顽强的
 - anti, resistant

Word: vouch
Front: vouch
[vaʊtʃ] (宝 18007/18603)
Vocabulary: vouch
(once / 1574 pages)
v
If you vouch for someone, you provide evidence or guarantee something on their behalf. If you vouch for your brother, you're saying he's a stand-up type of guy.
First used in the 14th century, vouch comes from the Latin vocitare, ("to call, call upon, or summon"). Sometimes it can mean offering supporting evidence, as when, for example, you're summoned to court to testify on someone's behalf. If you write a letter of recommendation for a student or co-worker, you vouch for their character and abilities. If you take out a student loan, the government will automatically vouch for you, that is, they'll guarantee the loan will be repaid.
WORD FAMILY
vouch: vouched, voucher, vouches, vouching+/ voucher: vouchers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Pratt also vouched for the concealed carry legislation from Rep. Richard Hudson, the North Carolina Republican who introduced the bill in the House.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Administrators and coaches vouched for his honor-roll grades and tireless work habits.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Instead, they rely on third parties to vouch for those sites and developers.
Slate(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: vi. 保证; 担保; 确定; 确定地说
vt. （因亲眼看见而）为…作证; 断定; <律>传（某人）出庭作证
n. 被担保者
时态：vouched, vouching, vouches
分布：担保(45%)，保证(30%)，证明(20%)，确定(5%)
→来自拉丁语vocare,召唤，说话，词源同voice。原指召唤到法庭出庭作证，引申词义担保。
【记】vou＝vow（n 誓约；v 宣誓），ch：担保需要宣誓
【反】refuse to guarantee（拒绝担保）
verb [+ that]
■to be able from your knowledge or experience to say that something is true 担保；证明；作证
• As a medical examiner I can vouch from experience that his death was accidental. 作为法医，我可以据我的经验断定他是意外死亡。
[vaʊtʃ] verb [+ that]
  Phrasal Verbs  vouch for sth/sb
■to say that you know from experience that something is true or good, or that someone is honest and has a good character 为…担保；保证
• Patricia has checked the reports and can vouch for the accuracy of the information. 派特里夏已经核对过报告，可以保证资讯的准确性。
vt. 担保；证明；传出庭作证
 - assure, prove, demonstrate, guarantee, argue
vi. 保证；证明；确定
 - identify, seal of

Word: unwrapped
Front: unwrapped
[ʌn'ræpt] (18127/21172)
Back: v. 移去…的包裹物，打开，展开( unwrap的过去式和过去分词 )
分布：打开(80%)，解开(20%)
VERB
打开…的包裹物;拆开…的包装
When you unwrap something, you take off the paper, plastic, or other covering that is around it.
例：I untied the bow and unwrapped the small box...我解开蝴蝶结，拆开小盒子的包装。
例：Vacuum-packed ham slices should be unwrapped 30 minutes before serving.真空包装的火腿片应在食用前30分钟把包装除去。
v. 打开（unwrap的过去分词）
 - opened, unpacked

Word: affirmative
Front: affirmative
[əˈfɜ:mətɪv] (5022/19589 -1)
Vocabulary: affirmative
(once / 1130 pages)
adjn
Something affirmative expresses agreement or approval, like the affirmative nod your mother gives you when you ask to be excused from the dinner table. A formal way of saying "Yes" is "Affirmative!"
Anything affirmative is approving of something: affirmative words support someone or something. Being affirmative is the opposite of being negative or contradicting. A pat on the back is affirmative so is a signature you need to complete a form. Also, you can use affirmative as a formal way of saying yes to something. This is common in the military. It might sound a little odd, but if your teacher asked, "Does 10 plus 10 equal 20?" you could answer, "Affirmative!"
WORD FAMILY
affirmative: affirmatively, affirmativeness, affirmatives+/ affirm: affirmable, affirmation, affirmative, affirmatory, affirmer, affirming, affirms, reaffirm / affirmation: affirmations, disaffirmation/affirmer: affirmers/ reaffirm: reaffirmation, reaffirmed, reaffirming, reaffirms/reaffirmation: reaffirmations
USAGE EXAMPLES
These affirmative steps mean closing the door on failed efforts at stimulus and overreliance on monetary policy.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Mr. Ellison also said a separate black state might be a better option for black Americans than affirmative action.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
That discipline followed an investigation by the school’s Office of Equal Opportunity and Affirmative Action into an incident from earlier in the semester.
Washington Post(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: adj. 肯定的; 赞成的，同意的; 积极的，乐观的
n. 肯定词，肯定语; 正方; 确言，赞成
分布：肯定(60%)，肯定的(31%)，赞成(5%)，肯定语(3%)，正面的(1%)
肯定的(affirm+ative)[firm=firm,表示"坚定"]
肯定的(affirm肯定)[-arive表形容词."有…倾向(性质)的"]
赞同的,肯定的(af+firm肯定...给予肯定)[-ive 1.表形容词2.表名词后缀,"人或物"]
US [-'fɝ:.mə.tˌɪv] adjective
■relating to a statement that shows agreement or says 'yes' 肯定的；同意的
• an affirmative answer/response 肯定的回答／答覆
Opposite negative
UK [ə'fɜ:.mə.tɪv] US [-'fɝ:.mə.tˌɪv] noun countable or uncountable
■a word or statement that shows agreement or says 'yes' 肯定；同意
• She asked the question expecting an affirmative. 她问这个问题是希望得到肯定的答覆。
• He replied in the affirmative (= He said yes). 他回答说是。
• mainly US "Were you in New York on March 3rd?" "Affirmative (= Yes)." “3月3号你在纽约吗？”“是的。”
adj. 肯定的；积极的
 - positive, active, energetic

Word: suburbia
Front: suburbia
[səˈbɜ:biə] (18119/20700)
Back: n. <贬>郊区及其居民，郊区习俗
分布：郊区(70%)，郊区居民(20%)，郊区生活(10%)
→suburb,郊区，-ia,抽象名词后缀。用于指城乡结合部居民及不好的习惯，习俗等，含贬义。
US [-'bɝ:-] mainly disapproving
noun uncountable
■the outer parts of a town, where there are houses, but no large shops, places of work or places of entertainment （缺乏大型商店、娱乐设施等的）郊区，市郊
• They live in a two-bedroomed house in the heart of suburbia. 他们住在市郊中心区一栋有两间睡房的屋子里。
■the way of life of people who live in the outer parts of a town 郊区居民的生活方式
• He has written a book about middle-class suburbia. 他写了一本有关郊区中产阶级生活的书。
n. 郊区；郊区居民
 - suburban district, banlieue

Word: subconscious
Front: subconscious
[ˌsʌbˈkɒnʃəs] (18135/15809 -1)
Vocabulary: subconscious
(once / 2500 pages)
adjn
Subconscious describes something that is just below your awareness, like at a subconscious level hoping your friend's boyfriend breaks up with her — you didn't even realize you felt that way until it happened.
If you are aware of something, you are conscious of it, like being conscious of your tendency to talk too much when you are nervous: you watch for it and try to control it. Most words that start with the prefix sub- are something “under” the root word: something subconscious is under or below your awareness. Maybe in time, it will surface — you might get to the root of why you get so nervous in the first place.
WORD FAMILY
subconscious: subconsciouses, subconsciously, subconsciousness+/ conscious: consciously, consciousness, nonconscious, self-conscious, semiconscious, subconscious, unconscious / consciousness: consciousnesses/ self-conscious: self-consciously, self-consciousness/semiconscious: semiconsciously, semiconsciousness/ unconscious: unconsciously, unconsciousness/unconsciousness: unconsciousnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ms. Gillingham asks clients to activate the subconscious through close script readings and dream analysis.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
It brings a smile as it percolates from my subconscious.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
The challenge was to mimic aspects of human intuition, like subconscious pattern matching.
The Guardian(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: adj. 下意识的; 潜意识的
分布：潜意识(78%)，潜意识的(17%)，下意识的(5%)
→sub-,在下，conscious,有意识的。
潜意识的(sub下面+conscious有意识的→在意识之下→潜意识的)[sci=know,表示"知道"]
US [-'kɑ:n-] noun only singular
■the part of your mind which notices and remembers information when you are not actively trying to do so, and which influences your behaviour although you do not realize it 潜意识，下意识
• The memory was buried deep within my subconscious. 那段记忆深深埋藏在我的潜意识里。
UK [ˌsʌb'kɒn.ʃəs] US [-'kɑ:n-] adjective [before noun]
■relating to this part of your mind 下意识的
• subconscious thoughts/fears 下意识的想法／恐惧
• Such memories exist only on/at the subconscious level. 这些记忆只存在於潜意识层次。
• Our subconscious mind registers things which our conscious mind is not aware of. 我们的潜意识会记录意识中并未注意到的东西。
Compare conscious
adj. [心理] 潜意识的；下意识的
 - unconsious

Word: appraiser
Front: appraiser
[əˈpreɪzə(r)] (18108/41870)
Back: n. 评价者，鉴定者，估价官
分布：鉴定人(53%)，评价人(28%)，估价官(19%)
N-COUNT
估价人；评价人；鉴定人
An appraiser is someone whose job is to estimate the cost or value of something such as property.
n. [法] 鉴定人， [保险] 评价人；估价官
 - identifier

Word: indoctrination
Front: indoctrination
[ɪnˌdɒktrɪ'neɪʃn] (18094/21743)
Vocabulary: indoctrination
(once / 21767 pages)
n
Indoctrination means teaching someone to accept a set of beliefs without questioning them. Your sister's orientation at her new job might seem more like indoctrination if she comes home robotically reciting her corporate employee handbook.
Indoctrination often refers to religious ideas, when you're talking about a religious environment that doesn't let you question or criticize those beliefs. The Latin word for "teach," doctrina is the root of indoctrinate, and originally that's just what it meant. By the 1830s it came to mean the act of forcing ideas and opinions on someone who isn't allowed to question them.
WORD FAMILY
indoctrination: indoctrinations+/doctrinal: doctrinally/ doctrine: doctrinal, doctrines, indoctrinate / indoctrinate: indoctrinated, indoctrinates, indoctrinating, indoctrination
USAGE EXAMPLES
This second season highlights the indoctrination of the children.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
The new season spotlights the indoctrination of the young.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
“At American universities the education is so left-leaning that it’s more of an indoctrination than a discussion of ideas,” Wiginton told the Guardian.
Time(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: n. 教导，教化
分布：教化(52%)，教导(48%)
VERB
向…灌输(信仰等)
If people are indoctrinated, they are taught a particular belief with the aim that they will reject other beliefs.
例：They have been completely indoctrinated...他们完全被洗脑了。
例：I wouldn't say that she was trying to indoctrinate us.我不认为她在竭力向我们灌输一种信仰。
n. 教化；教导
 - cultivation, instruction, enlightenment

Word: foundry
Front: foundry
[ˈfaʊndri] (18136/15513)
Back: n. 铸造厂
分布：铸造(94%)，铸造类(4%)，铸造场(2%)
→来自found, 熔铸。用来指铸造厂，玻璃厂等。
铸造车间(found制造;参考:founder创始人)[-ry表名词,通常放在一个完整的单词后面1.表示"状态,性质"2.表示"行业,学科"3.表示集合名词4.表示"场地"]
noun countable
■a factory where metal is melted and poured into specially shaped containers to produce objects such as wheels and bars 铸造厂；铸造车间
n. [机] 铸造，铸造类；铸造厂
 - casting, molding

Word: mushroom
Front: mushroom
[ˈmʌʃrʊm] (高研四六托雅宝 4256/6009 -2)
Vocabulary: mushroom
(once / 900 pages)
nv
A mushroom is the main body of a certain type of fungus. Edible mushrooms include portobellos and shiitakes. Don't mess around with the inedible types.
Walk in the woods after a few days of rain, and you're sure to see mushrooms growing from the damp forest floor. Mushrooms like moist environments, and many mushrooms also grow incredibly fast, which is where the verb form of mushroom, "grow and spread quickly," comes from. The word's origin is ultimately uncertain, although some experts believe it's related to the French mousse, or "moss."
WORD FAMILY
mushroom: mushroomed, mushrooming, mushrooms
USAGE EXAMPLES
On New Year’s Day in 1961, Leary’s team ingested mushrooms in his living room.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
A one-day soup cleanse incorporates bottles of cauliflower coconut, carrot turmeric and a shiitake mushroom vegan bone broth. Priced from $55 for five soups.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Any kind of mushrooms work, or a mixture of wild mushrooms.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 蘑菇; 蘑菇状物，蘑菇形物体; （女用）蘑菇形草帽; 暴发户
adj. 蘑菇的; 蘑菇形的; 迅速生长的; 雨后蘑菇似的
vi. 迅速增长; 采蘑菇; 迅速增加; （火）猛然的扩大
时态：mushroomed, mushrooming, mushrooms
分布：蘑菇(90%)，采蘑菇(4%)，迅速增加(2%)，暴发户(2%)，菌菇状物(1%)，雨后春笋般涌现(1%)
→来自古法语meisseron,蘑菇，可能来自moss,苔藓，潮湿的地方。即在潮湿的地方长出来的菌类。拼写俗词源化。
n.蘑菇vt.迅速生长,迅速增加,采蘑菇Factories mushroomed along the river.工厂沿着河如雨后春笋似地兴建起来.
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a fungus with a round top and short stem. Some types of mushroom can be eaten 蘑菇；伞菌，蕈
• wild /cultivated mushrooms 野生／人工栽培的蘑菇
• button (= very small) mushrooms 草菇
• dried/grilled/stuffed/sliced mushrooms 干／烤／填充调料／切片的蘑菇
• cream of mushroom soup 鲜奶油蘑菇汤
• For this recipe choose mushrooms with large caps (= top parts). 做这道菜要选菌盖大的蘑菇。
• Unfortunately some poisonous mushrooms look like edible mushrooms. 遗憾的是，某些有毒蘑菇外表与可食用蘑菇相似。
Compare toadstool
['mʌʃ.ru:m] [-rʊm] verb intransitive
■to increase very quickly 迅速增长；迅速发展
• The number of computers in schools has mushroomed in recent years. 近年来，学校里电脑的数量迅速增长。
n. 蘑菇，伞菌；蘑菇形物体；暴发户
 - agaric, toadstool
vi. 迅速增加；采蘑菇；迅速生长
 - rocket

Word: downhill
Front: downhill
[ˌdaʊnˈhɪl] (9523/11207 -1)
Back: adv. 向山下; 如下坡一般; 每况愈下
adj. 向下的，下降的; 倾斜的; [体]下降滑雪的
n. 下坡路; 滑降
分布：下坡的(58%)，走下坡路地(14%)，向下的(14%)，向山下(14%)
adverb adjective
■(moving) towards the bottom of a hill 向山下；朝坡下；下山的；下坡的
• It's so much easier running downhill! 跑下山去容易多了！
• The route is all downhill from here to the finish. 这条路线从这里到终点都是下坡。
Compare uphill
[ˌdaʊn'hɪl] ['--] adverb adjective
be (all) downhill
■to be much easier 容易多了，好办多了
• Once we get the preparation done, it'll be downhill all the way. 一旦完成了准备工作，其余的事情就好办了。
• If I can just get through the training period, it'll be all downhill from here. 如果我能熬过培训阶段，其余的日子就好过多了。
[ˌdaʊn'hɪl] ['--] adverb adjective
go downhill
■to gradually become worse 走下坡路，每况愈下
• After his wife died, his health started to go downhill. 自从妻子去世后，他的健康状况开始每况愈下。
adv. 下坡；向下；每况愈下
 - alow, netherward
adj. 下坡的；容易的
 - easy, light
n. 下坡；滑降
 - declivity

Word: strum
Front: strum
[strʌm] (18144/25415 -1)
Back: vt. 漫不经心地弹（弦乐器）; 轻轻弹奏; 把…拨弄出声响; 用…弹敲
vi. 轻轻弹奏; 漫不经心地拨弄; 弹奏出乐曲; 弹敲
n. 轻弹; 弹奏; 轻轻弹奏声
时态：strummed, strumming, strums
分布：漫不经心地弹奏(56%)，弹拨(44%)
[strʌm] (-mm-)
verb intransitive or transitive
■to move your fingers across the strings of a guitar or similar instrument 弹奏，拨弄（吉他或类似乐器）

Word: admirably
Front: admirably
['ædmərəblɪ] (18012/13706)
Back: adv. 极好地，美好地
分布：令人钦佩地(67%)，极妙地(33%)
ADJ-GRADED
令人钦佩的；值得赞赏的
An admirable quality or action is one that deserves to be praised and admired.
例：Beyton is an admirable character...贝顿是个令人钦佩的人物。
例：The film tells its story with admirable economy.这部电影叙事简练，令人叹服。
adv. 美好地，极好地；令人钦佩地
 - prime, beautifully

Word: incontinence
Front: incontinence
[ɪnˈkɒntɪnəns] (17963/13266)
Vocabulary: incontinence
(once / 13922 pages)
n
Incontinence is a lack of control. Sometimes that means you can't help but pee your pants. Another, more pleasant type of incontinence has to do with being undisciplined and addicted to life's pleasures.
You probably don't want anything to do with incontinence. It could mean you're wetting the bed. It could also mean you're pooping your pants. Incontinence is something we expect of babies, but it can also happen to very sick or old people. Another kind of incontinence has to do with not being in control of your life. If you can't stop spending money, drinking, and staying out late, that's a type of incontinence, too.
WORD FAMILY
incontinence: incontinences+/ continent: continence, continency, continental, continently, continents, incontinent, subcontinent/continental: continentally, intercontinental, transcontinental /incontinency: incontinencies/ incontinent: incontinence, incontinency, incontinently/ transcontinental: transcontinentally
USAGE EXAMPLES
The procedure is used to ease incontinence and pelvic prolapse.
BBC(Dec 19, 2016)
There are also more than half a dozen medications that help to reduce urge incontinence.
New York Times(Dec 12, 2016)
More of us will dwindle away, and succumb to dementia, incontinence, loss of mobility and chronic or acute pain.
The Guardian(Oct 29, 2016)
Back: n. 不能自制，无节制，失禁
分布：失禁(100%)
→in-,不，非，continence,控制，节制。即无法控制的，后多用于指人的大小便失禁。
N-UNCOUNT
(大便或小便)失禁
Incontinence is the inability to prevent urine or faeces coming out of your body.
例：Incontinence is not just a condition of old age.大小便失禁不仅仅是一种老年病。
n. [医] 失禁；无节制；不能自制
 - excess, irretention

Word: handset
Front: handset
[ˈhændset] (18100/22961)
Back: n. 电话听筒; 手机; 手持机; （电视等的）遥控器
分布：电话听筒(77%)，送受话器(23%)
noun countable
■the outer part of a mobile phone which does not include the battery or the sim card 手机；行动电话
■the part of a telephone that you hold in front of your mouth and against your ear 电话听筒
n. [通信] 手机，电话听筒
 - mobile phone, combined set

Word: reforming
Front: reforming
[rɪ'fɔ:mɪŋ] (18147/15268)
Back: v. 重整; 改善( reform的现在分词 )
分布：重整(97%)，动词reform的现在分词形式.(3%)
V-ERG
（使）改组;重新组成
When an organization, group, or shape re-forms, or when someone re-forms it, it is created again after a period during which it did not exist or existed in a different form.
例：The official trades union council voted to disband itself and re-form as a confederation...这个官方的工会委员会投票决定解体然后重新组成联盟。
例：The 40-year-old singer reformed his band.这个40岁的歌手重组了他的乐队。
n. 重整；改进；变换（reform的ing形式）
 - improvement, conversion

Word: Sioux

Word: trawler
Front: trawler
[ˈtrɔ:lə(r)] (18109/21039 -1)
Back: n. 拖网渔船; 拖网捕鱼者，拖网渔民
分布：拖网渔船(88%)，拖网捕鱼者(12%)
→trawl,用拖网捕鱼，-er,表物。
US ['trɑ:.lɚ] noun countable
■a large boat that uses a wide cone-shaped net to catch fish 拖网渔船

Word: deliverance
Front: deliverance
[dɪˈlɪvərəns] (18030/15805)
Vocabulary: deliverance
(once / 746 pages)
n
If you’re seeking deliverance, you want to be set free or removed from a bad situation. If you're taken hostage in a bank heist, you might pray for deliverance.
You probably notice that deliver makes up a big chunk of deliverance. One meaning of deliver is “to set free” — and that’s what deliverance is: the act of setting someone free. Deliverance often has religious connotations, but the word can be used for other kinds of rescue or liberation. You might want deliverance from the hardship of working on your uncle’s farm all summer, or at least deliverance from the smell of manure.
WORD FAMILY
deliverance: deliverances+/ deliver: deliverable, deliverance, delivered, deliverer, delivering, delivers, delivery /deliverable: deliverables/deliverer: deliverers/ delivery: deliveries
USAGE EXAMPLES
At the moment, I don’t even think of my phone as a phone any more, but just a device for the deliverance of horrors.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
It’s more like ‘Deliverance,’ ” he said, referring to the movie.
Washington Post(Dec 17, 2016)
Sherman Pitt, pastor of the Kingdom Tabernacle Deliverance Center, was pulled over after forgetting to wear his seat belt.
Washington Times(Nov 18, 2016)
Back: n. <文>解救，解脱
分布：解救(38%)，释放(33%)，救助(12%)，判决(10%)，正式意见(7%)
→来自deliver, 解救，拯救。
N-UNCOUNT
解救;拯救;解脱
Deliverance is rescue from imprisonment, danger, or evil.
例：The opening scene shows them celebrating their sudden deliverance from war...开场的一幕是他们在庆祝自己突然从战争中解脱了出来。
例：She prayed to God for deliverance.她向上帝祈祷以求得拯救。
n. 释放，解救；救助；判决
 - liberation, release, sentence, rescue, award

Word: CFC
Front: CFC
[.siː ef 'siː] (16011/13423 -1)
Back: abbr. 中央发射控制（Central Fire Control）；全套设备控制台（Complex Facility Console）；统一运费分类表（Consolidated Freight Classification）；认证理财顾问师（ertified Financial Consultant）
noun countable abbreviation for
■chlorofluorocarbon: a gas used in fridges and, in the past, in aerosols (= a metal container in which liquids are kept under pressure and forced out in drops) 含氯氟烃，氯氟化碳
• CFCs cause damage to the ozone layer. 含氯氟烃会对臭氧层造成破坏。

Word: aftershock
Front: aftershock
[ˈɑ:ftəʃɒk] (18079/45070)
Vocabulary: aftershock
(once / 15057 pages)
n
An aftershock is a small earthquake that echoes or follows a larger one. After an earthquake, people often wait nervously to see if there will be an aftershock.
After the relief of surviving an earthquake, the tremors and shaking of aftershocks can be surprising and often dangerous. Sometimes houses and buildings that were damaged during the main earthquake can collapse during the aftershock that follows. Aftershocks are caused by the ground settling and adjusting to the changes in the faults that may have resulted from the original quake.
WORD FAMILY
aftershock: aftershocks
USAGE EXAMPLES
Turkey is still dealing with the aftershocks of a coup attempt that began on July 15, in which at least 265 people were killed.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The moderate quakes were followed by a series of smaller aftershocks.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The moderate quakes, which struck at 12:18 a.m. and 12:22 a.m., were followed by a series of smaller aftershocks.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 余震
分布：余震(100%)
US ['æf.tɚ.ʃɑ:k] noun countable
■a sudden movement of the Earth's surface which often follows an earthquake and which is less violent than the first main movement （地震后的）余震
• The initial earthquake was followed by a series of aftershocks. 初震后又发生了一连串的余震。

Word: stricture
Front: stricture
[ˈstrɪktʃə(r)] (宝 18158/10606)
Vocabulary: stricture
(once / 4451 pages)
1n 2n
One meaning of stricture is a nasty criticism, while the other is a sharp contraction of a tube or canal in the body. Either meaning can mean great pain to the person experiencing the stricture.
The noun stricture finds its roots in the Late Latin word strictūra, which came from the stem stringere, "to draw tightly." You might remember that meaning by its relationship with the word constrict, meaning "to tighten or draw in." The additional meaning, that of “a critical remark,” is often used in the plural form — like "the critical strictures against cheating."
WORD FAMILY
stricture: strictures
USAGE EXAMPLES
When the band started, the xx imposed its own strictures.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Online strictures in a game should flow from its design.
Time(Dec 15, 2016)
Afterward, I realized how hard it is, within the cramped, taboo-ridden strictures that govern mainstream discussion of Israel, to talk about what’s happening in Hebron.
Slate(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: n. 苛评; 指责; 紧束; 约束
分布：非难(46%)，限制(36%)，苛评(18%)
→来自拉丁语 strictus,紧的，拉紧的，过去分词格于 stringere,拉紧，绑紧，收缩，来自 streng, 紧的，窄的，词源同 strain,stress,stringent.引申词义限制，束缚。stricture 指责，非难
谴责;非难(stict严厉+ure→严厉→谴责)[stirain,striet,string=tighten,表示"拉紧"]
【记】源于：strict（adj 严格的；严厉的）
【反】eulogy（n 赞词）
US [-tʃɚ] formal
noun countable
CRITICISM 批评
■a statement of severe criticism or disapproval 指责，非难
• The strictures of the United Nations have failed to have any effect on the warring factions. 联合国的谴责对交战各方毫无影响。
UK ['strɪk.tʃər] US [-tʃɚ] formal
noun countable
LIMIT 限制
■a severe moral or physical limit 限制；约束；束缚
• religious/financial strictures 宗教上的束缚／财政上的限制
• the Taliban's strictures on women's rights and education 塔利班对女性权利和接受教育的限制
n. [病理] 狭窄；苛评；非难
 - stenosis, angusty

Word: triathlon
Front: triathlon
[traɪˈæθlən] (18105/28338)
Back: n. 三项全能运动
分布：名词(100%)
→tri-, 三，-athlon,运动，比赛，词源同 athlete,pentathlon.
US [-lɑ:n] noun countable
■a competition in which the people competing must swim, ride a bicycle and run particular distances without stopping between events 铁人三项赛，三项全能运动

Word: manhunt
Front: manhunt
[ˈmænhʌnt] (18133/35430)
Vocabulary: manhunt
(once / 28344 pages)
n
When police assemble a team to search for a criminal, it's called a manhunt, even if the person they're looking for is a woman.
After an armed bank robbery or a prison escape is reported, the local police department sometimes launches a manhunt to search for the perpetrator. The crime that's been committed has to be fairly serious to result in a manhunt, because it requires extra officers. In some cases, the FBI might even get involved in a manhunt.
WORD FAMILY
manhunt: manhunts
USAGE EXAMPLES
State police shot and killed the suspect in Weaver’s death after an overnight manhunt.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The manhunt continues for a gunman who killed 39 people in an Istanbul nightclub as Turkey marked the start of the new year.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
An overnight manhunt for the suspect ended Saturday morning when police found Robison at an unoccupied mobile home in the area.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. （对逃犯等的）搜捕，追捕
分布：搜捕(100%)
noun countable
■an organized search for a person, especially a criminal （尤指对罪犯的）搜捕，追捕
• The police have launched a manhunt after the body of a six-year-old boy was found last night. 昨晚发现一具六岁男孩的尸体后，警方已展开搜捕行动。
n. 追捕，搜捕；搜索
 - scanning, searching

Word: sleeveless
Front: sleeveless
[ˈsli:vlɪs] (18152/24231)
Back: adj. 无袖的
分布：无袖的(100%)
adjective
■A piece of clothing which is sleeveless has no sleeves 无袖的
• a sleeveless blouse/dress/jacket 无袖女装衬衫／无袖连衣裙／夹克

Word: humanly
Front: humanly
[ˈhju:mənli] (18001/19784)
Back: adv. 在人力所及的范围，依靠人力
分布：在人力所能及的范围(50%)，根据人的经验和知识(25%)，以人的方式(25%)
adverb
humanly possible
■able to be done by people 人类能做的；人力可及的
• Rescuers are doing everything that is humanly possible to free the trapped people. 救援人员正尽其所能来解救被困的人。

Word: irreplaceable
Front: irreplaceable
[ˌɪrɪˈpleɪsəbl] (18029/21187)
Vocabulary: irreplaceable
(once / 22556 pages)
adj
The adjective irreplaceable describes anything that's one of a kind, particularly if it has deep sentimental value to you, like your grandmother's irreplaceable engagement ring.
When you replace something, you get something that's just like it, but if something is irreplaceable, there's just no substitute. It might be a special thing given to you by a loved one, like your great-grandfather's pocket watch or something that can't be made again, like an irreplaceable painting or an old floor made from a species of wood that's no longer harvested.
WORD FAMILY
irreplaceable: irreplaceableness, irreplaceably+/ replace: replaceable, replaced, replacement, replaces, replacing/ replaceable: irreplaceable, replaceability, unreplaceable/ replacement: replacements
USAGE EXAMPLES
When the schedule hits December, and the hitting gets more ferocious, physicality is an irreplaceable edge.
Washington Times(Dec 05, 2016)
"This CD is more important to me than all the furniture. It is irreplaceable."
Reuters(Nov 24, 2016)
Ms. Rehm’s show has proved beyond doubt that women provide a fundamental and irreplaceable perspective in radio.
Washington Post(Nov 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 不能调换的，不能代替的
分布：不可替代的(100%)
→ir-,不，非，replaceable,可替代的。
adjective
■too special, unusual or valuable to replace with something or someone else 不可替代的，独一无二的
• Most of the porcelain you see in the display cabinets is irreplaceable. 你在陈列柜中所见到的瓷器大多是独一无二的。
• No-one's irreplaceable in the workplace. 职场上没有人是无法替代的。

Word: shave
Front: shave
[ʃeɪv] (高研四六雅 5779/7191 -K2)
Back: vt. & vi. 剃须，剃毛
vt. 剃，削去; 修剪; 切成薄片; 掠过
n. 刮脸，剃胡子; 修面; <口>侥幸逃过，幸免; 剃刀，刮刀
时态：shaved, shaving, shaves
分布：刮(42%)，剃(32%)，剃须(10%)，修面(7%)，剃刀(4%)，掠过(3%)，修剪(2%)
→来自古英语 sceafan,刮，剃，来自 Proto-Germanic*skaban,刮，剃，来自 skep,切，削，剪， 词源同 ship,shape.引申词义刮脸，剃须等。
v.剃,刮,刨,削n.刮脸You need a shave.你需要剃胡子了.
verb intransitive or transitive
 ADVANCED
■to remove hair from the body, especially a man's face, by cutting it close to the skin with a razor , so that the skin feels smooth 剃去（尤指脸）上的毛发；剃（毛发）
• John has to shave twice a day. 约翰每天得刮两次脸。
• I always shave my legs in the bath. 我总是在洗澡的时候剃腿上的汗毛。
• Do you shave under your arms? 你刮腋毛吗？
• When my dad shaved his beard (off) , he looked ten years younger. 我爸爸刮完胡子后，看起来年轻了十岁。
[ʃeɪv] verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  shave sth off/from sth
■to cut a very thin piece from an object or surface 从…刨掉，自…削掉（薄薄的一层）
• She shaved a few millimetres off the bottom of the door, so that it would open more easily. 她把门的底部刨掉了几毫米，这样开门就容易些了。
[ʃeɪv] verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  shave sth off sth (also shave sth by sth)
■to reduce something by the stated amount 将…减少（特定之量）
• The new high speed trains will shave 25 minutes off the journey time. 新的高速列车将使旅途的时间缩短25分钟。
• Our prices have been shaved by 5%! 我们的价格下降了5%！
[ʃeɪv] noun countable
■the act of shaving, especially a man's face 剃毛发；（尤指）刮脸，修面
• I need a shave. 我需要刮一下脸。
• He washed and had a shave. 他洗了把脸，又刮了胡子。
vt. 剃；修面；掠过
 - razor, oversweep
vi. 剃；刮脸；勉强通过
 - scrape through, squeeze through

Word: hiccup
Front: hiccup
['hɪkʌp] (18165/13990 -1)
Vocabulary: hiccup
(once / 7766 pages)
nv
A hiccup is a jerky, repeated contraction in your diaphragm — it's a sort of involuntary tic you can feel in your throat and chest. People who have hiccups usually make a "hic" sound.
Hiccups are a kind of spasm that can be brief or linger frustratingly. One man famously suffered from hiccups for 68 years — for that whole time, not a single folk remedy (doing a headstand, drinking water fast, being scared by someone, and so on) worked to relieve them. The word hiccup is imitative of the sound of hiccups. An Old English word for it was ælfsogoða, "elf heartburn," since hiccups were thought to be caused by elves.
WORD FAMILY
hiccup: hiccuped, hiccuping, hiccupped, hiccupping, hiccups
USAGE EXAMPLES
Amar ultimately agrees with Scott that national election laws would be necessary to guide recount processes and smooth over any other potential hiccups.
Slate(Dec 19, 2016)
It wasn’t without imperfections: The quality of the solo voices ranged widely this year, and there were some coordination hiccups.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
After some early hiccups, they introduced whiskey to the masses.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 嗝; 连续地打嗝; 暂时性的小问题; 短暂的停顿
vi. 打嗝
时态：hiccupped, hiccuped, hiccupping, hiccups
分布：打嗝(84%)，暂时性的小问题(8%)，=hiccough.(8%)
→拟声词，模仿打嗝的声音。
(also hiccough) ['hɪk.ʌp] noun
NOISE 噪声
countable usually plural
■a loud noise made in the throat caused by a sudden uncontrollable tightening of a muscle just below the chest, usually happening repeatedly over a short period 打呃，打嗝
the hiccups [plural]
■a series of hiccups 接连打嗝
• I've got the hiccups. 我不断地打嗝。
• an attack of the hiccups 一阵连续的打嗝
(also hiccough) ['hɪk.ʌp] noun
PROBLEM 问题
countable
■a problem which delays or interrupts something for a while, but which does not usually cause serious difficulties （造成短暂延误或中断的）小问题
• We've had one or two slight hiccups, but progress has generally been quite steady. 我们出现了一两个小问题，但整个进程还是相当顺利。
(also hiccough) ['hɪk.ʌp] verb intransitive (-p- or -pp-)
■to make a loud noise in the throat because of a sudden uncontrollable tightening of a muscle just below the chest 打嗝
• I can't stop hiccuping - does anyone know a good cure? 我打嗝停不住——有人知道有甚么治它的好办法吗？
n. [医] 打嗝
 - gurk, eructation
vi. [医] 打嗝
 - eruct, belch

Word: cluck
Front: cluck
[klʌk] (18143/24895)
Vocabulary: cluck
(once / 4029 pages)
nv
The sound a chicken makes is a cluck. One of the best things about keeping chickens in your yard is watching them scratch the dirt and listening to their clucks.
A chicken or hen clucks when she's rounding up her chicks, making a short, relatively deep sound. To do this is also to cluck, and you can use the word to talk about a fussy or overprotective parent too: "It's so funny watching him cluck over his kids at the playground." The Old English root of cluck is cloccian, and both words are imitative — they echo the sound they're describing.
WORD FAMILY
cluck: clucked, clucking, clucks+/clucking: cluckings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Just as at so many Thanksgiving meals, Strut & Cluck’s best items are its appetizers, almost all of them vegetarian.
New York Times(Dec 09, 2016)
“Find a ‘cluck’ over here, find a ‘pee-caw’ from over here and build your own rooster,” he said.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 08, 2016)
Yet Democrats are clucking that the now-ancient incidents—disputed even then as taken wholly out of context—should disqualify Mr. Sessions from being attorney general.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. （母鸡）咯咯声; <俚>傻瓜，笨蛋
vt. &vi. 咯咯叫
时态：clucked, clucking, clucks
分布：发咯咯声(50%)，发啧啧声(50%)
→拟声词，比较click,clock.
verb
intransitive
■to make the low interrupted noise that a chicken makes （鸡）咯咯叫
intransitive or transitive informal
■to express disapproval or other emotion by making a short sharp sound with your tongue 咂舌，发出啧啧声（表示不赞成等情绪）
• to cluck in disapproval/amazement 发出不满的／惊异的啧啧声
• She shakes her head, smiles, and clucks her tongue. 她摇摇头，笑了笑，咂咂舌。
intransitive informal
■to express an unnecessary amount of sympathy, worry or approval towards someone 大惊小怪
• The attendants clucked and fussed over passengers. 空服员对乘客咋咋呼呼、大惊小怪。
vi. 咯咯叫
 - chuck

Word: mesquite
Front: mesquite
[meˈski:t] (18168/-)
Back: n. 豆科灌木
分布：名词(100%)
→一种北美地区用以制木炭的灌木。来自西班牙语mezquite,来自当地土著语言mizquitl.

Word: sleet
Front: sleet
[sli:t] (18164/22666)
Back: n. 雨夹雪或雹
vi. 下雨夹雪，下冻雨
时态：sleeted, sleeting, sleets
分布：雨雪(57%)，下冰雹(31%)，下雨雪(12%)
→可能来自中古高地德语 sloten,冰雹，来自 Proto-Germanic*slaut,冰雹。
noun uncountable
■wet, partly melted falling snow 雨夹雪，冻雨； 霰； 霙
• Driving snow and sleet brought more problems to the county's roads last night. 昨晚的雨夹雪很大，使郡里的交通更成问题了。
n. [气象] 雨夹雪；雨淞
 - verglas

Word: misperception
Front: misperception
[mɪspə'sepʃn] (18161/44581)
Back: 错误知觉
分布：错误知觉(100%)

Word: travesty
Front: travesty
[ˈtrævəsti] (托宝 18038/19963)
Vocabulary: travesty
(once / 5026 pages)
nv
A travesty is a cheap mockery, usually of something or someone serious, such as a travesty of justice.
A travesty is a silly imitation, like a tall young man dressed up like a little old lady. Travesty and transvestite both come from French travesti meaning "dressed in disguise," so it helps to remember the definition of travesty by thinking of that football player in drag. A travesty can be more than that, though. A travesty of justice, for example, is a court case that makes a mockery of the system, or so you might think if the verdict isn't in your favor. There are lots of examples in literature: the book Don Quixote is a travesty of Medieval Romance.
WORD FAMILY
travesty: travestied, travesties, travestying
USAGE EXAMPLES
Tom Hollander returns to the role of Henry Carr in the West End transfer of Tom Stoppard's Travesties to the Apollo.
BBC(Dec 23, 2016)
It was a travesty of competitiveness, of will with so much left to win.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
"The Egyptian court finally awoke to the travesty of justice entailed in jailing a novelist for a work of fiction," Nossel said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 拙劣的模仿作品，荒谬的模仿，歪曲
vt. 拙劣或荒谬地模仿，嘲弄
时态：travestied, travestying, travesties
分布：歪曲(55%)，漫画(17%)，滑稽模仿(14%)，曲解(7%)，使 ... 滑稽化(7%)
→tra-,转变，-vest,衣服，词源同 vest,transvestite.字面意思即换衣服，改头换面，引申词义伪装， 嘲弄，歪曲等。
滑稽模仿;歪曲(tra歪+vest+y→歪穿衣服→歪曲)[uest=clothes,表示"衣服"]
【记】tra横，vest穿衣，y－横过来穿衣－滑稽模仿
【反】paragon（n 模范）
['træv.ə.sti] slightly formal
noun countable
■something which fails to represent the values and qualities that it is intended to represent, in a way that is shocking or offensive 拙劣的模仿；嘲弄；歪曲
• Their production of 'Macbeth' was quite the worst I've ever seen - it was a travesty. 他们上演的《马克白》是我看过最糟糕的一个版本——根本就失去了原味。
• Langdale described the court ruling as a travesty of justice. 兰代尔把法庭的裁决描述为对司法的嘲弄。
Compare parody
n. 歪曲；滑稽作品；拙劣的模仿作品
 - violence, misrepresentation
vt. 歪曲；滑稽地模仿
 - colour, do violence to

Word: crudely
Front: crudely
[kru:dlɪ] (18028/13759)
Back: adv. 照自然状态，不成熟地，粗杂地
分布：粗糙地(51%)，粗鲁地(33%)，未加工地(16%)
ADJ-GRADED
粗略的;简略的;大概的
A crude method or measurement is not exact or detailed, but may be useful or correct in a rough, general way.
例：Standard measurements of blood pressure are an important but crude way of assessing the risk of heart disease or strokes...标准的血压测量是评估患心脏病或中风几率的一个重要但不精确的方法。
例：Birthplace data are only the crudest indicator of actual migration paths.出生地信息只能非常粗略地显示实际移民过程。
ADJ-GRADED
粗糙的;简陋的
If you describe an object that someone has made as crude, you mean that it has been made in a very simple way or from very simple parts.
例：...crude wooden boxes.简陋的木盒子
ADJ-GRADED
冒犯的;粗鲁的;不精明的
If you describe someone as crude, you disapprove of them because they speak or behave in a rude, offensive, or unsophisticated way.
例：Nev! Must you be quite so crude?尼夫！你非得那么粗俗吗？
例：...crude language.粗俗的语言
ADJ
天然的;自然的
Crude substances are in a natural or unrefined state, and have not yet been used in manufacturing processes.
例：...8.5 million tonnes of crude steel.850万吨粗钢
N-MASS
同 crude oil
Crude is the same as crude oil .
adv. 粗糙地；天然地；粗鲁地；不成熟地
 - roughly, coarsely

Word: collie
Front: collie
[ˈkɒli] (18162/21722)
Back: n. 牧羊狗（一种高大聪敏长毛的牧羊狗）
分布：柯利牧羊犬(100%)
→来自coal, 煤，煤炭，因毛黑如炭而得名。
US ['kɑ:.li] noun countable
■any of several breeds of dog with long hair which are bred for controlling sheep 柯利犬，长毛牧羊犬

Word: tightrope
Front: tightrope
[ˈtaɪtrəʊp] (18172/19091 -1)
Back: n. 绷索，钢丝; 极其危险的道路或处境
分布：拉紧的绳索(67%)，极其危险的处境(33%)
US [-roʊp] noun countable
■a tightly stretched wire or rope fixed high above the ground, which skilled people walk across, especially in order to entertain others （尤指用于娱乐表演的）绷紧的钢丝（或绳索）
• One of the acrobats who walked the tightrope at the circus did it blindfolded. 马戏团里走钢丝的杂技演员中有一位是蒙着眼睛走的。
UK ['taɪt.rəʊp] US [-roʊp] noun countable
walk/tread a tightrope
■If you walk/tread a tightrope, you have to deal with a difficult situation, especially one involving making a decision between two opposing plans of action 走钢丝；（尤指因进退两难而）处境危险
• Many manufacturers have to walk a tightrope between pricing their goods too high and not selling them, and pricing them low and losing money. 许多制造商都面临两难境地：或把价格定得太高结果卖不出去，或把价格定得很低结果赔钱。

Word: smokestack
Front: smokestack
[ˈsməʊkstæk] (18023/38799)
Vocabulary: smokestack
(once / 13906 pages)
n
The chimney on top of a factory or a ship can be called a smokestack. If you look at Google Images for the word "pollution," you'll see lots of pictures of smokestacks spewing thick, gray smoke.
The main difference between the words chimney and smokestack is that you're more likely to call the flue on top of your house a chimney, saving smokestack for more industrial uses. Steam locomotives used smokestacks to release smoke and steam — the exhaust from the train's smokebox. Without the smokestack, the pressure would become dangerously high inside the train, causing it to explode.
WORD FAMILY
smokestack: smokestacks
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I worry that people will think all warehouses are smokestacks. A lot of warehouses and creative spaces are run really well.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Actual pollution from the smokestack — by far the greatest source of carbon pollution from wood energy — is overlooked.
Salon(Dec 25, 2016)
Dumb policy would be to fire up the smokestacks, stop collecting all that annoying climate data and marginalize federal employees who best understand global warming.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 大烟囱
分布：重工业的(67%)，主烟囱(33%)
US ['smoʊk-] noun countable
■a tall vertical pipe which takes smoke or steam into the air from an engine driven by steam or from a factory 大烟囱
n. [铁路] [船] [建] 烟囱，烟窗
 - lum, chimney flue

Word: Stalinist
Front: Stalinist
['stalinist] (18171/16679)
Back: n. 斯大林主义者
adj. 斯大林主义的；斯大林的
分布：斯大林主义者(44%)，斯大林的(28%)，斯大林主义的(28%)

Word: supplementation
Front: supplementation
[ˌsʌplɪmen'teɪʃn] (托 18020/17911)
Back: n. 增补，补充，追加
分布：补充(90%)，增补(8%)，追加(2%)
N-UNCOUNT
补充营养;服用补品
Supplementation is the use of pills or special types of food in order to improve your health.
例：The product provided inadequate vitamin and mineral supplementation.这种产品不能充分补充维生素和矿物质。
n. 补充；增补
 - recruitment, renewal

Word: playback
Front: playback
[ˈpleɪbæk] (18176/17365)
Back: n. 录音重放，录音重放装置，重放
分布：回放(99%)，重放装置(1%)
noun countable or uncountable
■when you play a recording again in order to hear or see something again （录音、录影的）重放，重播
• Let's have a playback of those last few frames. 我们把最后那几个画面重放一遍吧。
⇒ See also replay
n. [电视] [广播] 重放；录音重放装置
 - replaying

Word: connectivity
Front: connectivity
[ˌkɒnekˈtɪvɪti] (18177/29052)
Back: n. 连通性
US [ˌkɑ:.nek'tɪv.ə.tˌi] noun uncountable specialized
■the ability of a computer, program, device or system to connect with one or more others （电脑、程式、设备、系统等的）连接能力
• After installing, you should test for connectivity. 你应该在安装之后测试它的连接性。
n. [数] [电] [计] 连通性
 - formation communication

Word: sneer
Front: sneer
[snɪə(r)] (六托宝 12717/12448 -1)
Vocabulary: sneer
(once / 401 pages)
nv
If your smile is contorted with contempt or your upper lip curled with distaste and disdain, you're probably sneering. And you should stop, because it isn't nice.
Many things can elicit a sneer: a terrible red carpet outfit, a disgusting plate of food, a stupid joke told for the third time. But sneers aren't just meant to show disgust. They're mean-spirited, mocking and often downright snooty. So now that you know the definition of sneer inside and out, resist the temptation to sneer at those who don't!
WORD FAMILY
sneer: sneered, sneerer, sneering, sneers+/sneerer: sneerers/sneering: sneeringer, sneeringly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Cruz and Garbrandt continued their agreeably disagreeable display of hostility, sneering and lunging and flailing at each other until they were, inevitably, separated.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
It’s a word that may be said with a sneer concerning a wine’s potential.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
The correct response to them is sneering, ‘They’re rebooting that?’
Slate(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vi. 讥笑，冷笑
n. 嘲笑，冷笑; 讥笑的表情（言语）
时态：sneered, sneering, sneers
分布：嘲笑(63%)，冷笑(37%)
→来自辅音丛 sn-,鼻子，闻，嗅，发鼻音，比较 sneer,snore,snicker,sniff,snuff.引申词义嘲笑， 讥讽。
【记】sneak做事的人值得sneer。
US [snɪr] verb intransitive or transitive
■to talk about or look at someone or something in an unkind way that shows you do not respect or approve of them 嘲笑，讥讽
• You may sneer, but a lot of people like this kind of music. 你可以嗤之以鼻，但很多人喜欢这种音乐。
• She'll probably sneer at my new shoes because they're not expensive. 她也许会取笑我的新鞋子，因为买得很便宜。
• [+ speech] "Is that the best you can do?" he sneered. “那就是你最大的能耐了吗？”他嘲笑着说。
UK [snɪər] US [snɪr] noun countable disapproving
■an unkind expression on your face which shows you do not respect or approve of someone or something 嘲笑，讥讽
• "How much did you say you earned last year - was it fifteen thousand?" she said with a sneer. “你说去年你赚了多少钱——是一万五吗？”她语带讥讽地说道。
mock, sneer, ridicule, scoff
这组词都有“嘲笑”的意思，其区别是：
mock: 指一种挖苦的，带挑衅性的嘲笑。
sneer: 指除了用讽刺言语讥笑外还带轻蔑的表情。
ridicule: 多指有意地用言语对戏弄某人，以使之显得渺小，不重要。此种嘲笑善意恶意均可。
scoff: 指对一般受到尊重的事物的嘲笑。
giggle, laugh, chuckle, roar, sneer, beam, jeer, grin
这组词都有“笑”的意思，其区别是：
giggle: v.咯咯地笑，痴笑，傻笑，多指女人和孩子由于紧张、被逗乐、尴尬时所发出的笑声。
 • The schoolgirls giggled when the famous football player walkedsintostheir classroom.   当这个著名的足球运动员走进教室时，女生们都咯咯地笑起来。
laugh: v.笑，大笑，用于一般的笑或出声的大笑。
chuckle: v. (书面语)吃吃的笑，抿嘴笑，轻声笑，多指因得意或领会到某事中的趣味而暗自发笑。
 • She does not laugh out loud; she only chuckles.   她没有笑出声来，只是抿嘴而笑。
roar: v.怒吼，咆哮，引申为放声大笑，哄堂大笑。
 • He roared when he heard the joke.   听完这个笑话，他哈哈大笑。
sneer: v.冷笑，嘲笑，指以语言、表情、和声调表示轻蔑或嘲弄。
 • He sneered at the offer and said it was two low.   他对报价嗤之以鼻，说它太低了。
beam: v.本义指照耀，放光，引申为"微笑"，是正式用语，指面带喜悦或笑容，暗示对他人的友好或内心的满足。
 • She beamed with happiness.   她高兴得眉开眼笑。
jeer: v.讥笑，嘲笑，其同义词是mock。
 • The crowd jeered when the boxer was knocked down.   当那个拳手被人打倒时，人群开始嘲笑他。
grin: v.露齿而笑，指人因高兴、满足、轻蔑等咧开嘴露齿地笑。
 • He grinned at his mother.   他冲他的妈妈咧嘴一笑。
laugh, smile, siggle, grin, beam, sneer
这些动词均含“笑”之意。
laugh: 最常用词，指因喜悦、愉快或轻视而出声的笑或大笑。
smile: 指面露微笑，侧重于无声。
siggle: 指发出咯咯的笑声，较多地用于女人或孩子。
grin: 指露齿而笑。
beam: 书面用词，指人因心情舒畅而发出的笑，即喜形于色地笑。
sneer: 指冷笑、嘲笑。
vi. 嘲笑，冷笑
 - laugh at, make a mockery of
vt. 嘲笑，冷笑
 - laugh at, deride
n. 嘲笑，冷笑
 - derision, sarcasm

Word: disenchanted
Front: disenchanted
[ˌdɪsɪnˈtʃɑ:ntɪd] (18035/19497 -1)
Vocabulary: disenchanted
(once / 8874 pages)
adj
When you're disenchanted, you're disappointed or let down by something or someone you once admired. Large classes and standardized testing often leads to disenchanted teachers.
An unsatisfying final episode of a popular TV show's last season will result in disenchanted viewers, and the impression that all the candidates are basically the same means a lot of disenchanted voters. When you're enchanted by something, you're delighted by it. This comes from the Old French root enchanter, "to bewitch, charm, or cast a spell." Adding the prefix dis- gives disenchanted the opposite meaning.
WORD FAMILY
disenchanted: disenchantedly+/disenchant: disenchanted, disenchanting, disenchantment, disenchants/ disenchantment: disenchantments/ enchant: disenchant, enchanted, enchanter, enchanting, enchantment, enchants/ enchanted: enchantedly/enchanter: enchanters/ enchanting: enchantingly/ enchantment: enchantments
USAGE EXAMPLES
That started with Prudhomme, who had grown disenchanted during her two seasons at Oregon State.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 30, 2016)
I’d become him, disenchanted Lord Ford, master of all he surveyed.
The Guardian(Nov 20, 2016)
Is it because Americans are growing disenchanted with the violence that often sees players carried off the field on medical carts?
Washington Times(Nov 18, 2016)
Back: adj. 不再抱幻想的，不再着迷的，感到幻灭的
v. 使不再着迷(disenchant的过去分词)
分布：不再着迷的(38%)，不再抱幻想的(26%)，感到幻灭的(26%)，动词disenchant的过去式和过去分词.(10%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。enchanted, 使实迷。
US [-'tʃæn.tˌɪd] adjective
■no longer believing in the value of something, especially having learned of the problems with it 觉醒的；不再着迷的；幻想破灭的
• Many voters have become disenchanted with the government. 许多选民对政府已不抱幻想。

Word: avail
Front: avail
[əˈveɪl] (研六雅 14262/13705 -1)
Vocabulary: avail
(once / 92 pages)
vn
To avail means to take advantage of an opportunity, the way you'd be crazy not to avail yourself of a chocolate milkshake on Free Milkshake Day at your local ice cream parlor.
Sometimes avail is used to mean "help," and in that case it can be used in a sentence like "Nothing seemed to avail me, not even winning the lottery." More often though, avail shows up in the company of "oneself of," as in the sentence, "I hope you avail yourself of my advice, because I'm very wise." It might seem like a complicated way to use a verb, but it's one you should avail yourself of if you're hoping to impress someone.
WORD FAMILY
avail: available, availed, availing, avails+/ availability: availabilities/ available: availability, availableness, availably, unavailable /availing: unavailing/ unavailable: unavailability/unavailing: unavailingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The anecdote sparked a brief media frenzy as gossip writers and others sought to track down Sasha's Snapchat account, but to no avail.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
White called it a “one off” situation, and said that after the bout he expected Rousey to avail herself to the media.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Decades ago, the EU was already seeking to coordinate defense industries, to little avail.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 效用，利益
vt. & vi. 有益于，有益于; 使对某人有利
时态：availed, availing, avails
分布：有利(43%)，有助于(38%)，益处(19%)
→前缀a-同ad-, 去，往. 词根val, 力量，词源同value, valiant. 指有益的，有力量的。
利用n.利益(a使+ail→使...强壮→利用[力量])[vail,val=strong,表示"强壮"]
n.[一般用于否定句或疑问句中]效用,利益Jail life made the frail retailer avail every snail in the pail.监狱生命使脆弱的零售商在桶里有益于每只蜗牛.
noun uncountable
■use, purpose, advantage, or profit 效用；帮助；利益
• We tried to persuade her not to resign, but to no avail (= did not succeed). 我们力劝她不要辞职，可她不听。
• My attempts to improve the situation were of little/no avail. 我竭力扭转局面，但是收效甚微／徒劳无功。
[ə'veɪl] verb transitive old use
■to help or be useful to someone or something （对某人或某物）有帮助；有用
• Our efforts availed us nothing (= did not help). 我们的努力全是白费。
[ə'veɪl] verb transitive old use
  Phrasal Verbs  [R] avail yourself of sth formal
■to use something to your advantage or good 利用
• Employees should avail themselves of the opportunity to buy cheap shares in the company. 雇员应利用这次机会低价认购公司股份。
apply, use, avail, utilize, exploit, employ
这组词都有“使用，应用”的意思，其区别是：
apply: 指将一事物运用于另一事物之上以发挥其有效作用。
use: 普通用词，着重为达到某一目的而利用某人或某物。
avail: 通常指使用手边或就近的人或物以有利于自己。
utilize: 侧重有利可图或能达到某一实际目的。书面用词。
exploit: 强调充分利用。
employ: 指使用处于消极状态或未被用过的人或物，可以与use换用，但强调进行选择、充分利用。
profit, benefit, avail
这组词都有“有益于，有益”的意思，其区别是：
profit: 着重于物质方面的受益，常用于财富或知识等方面的得益。
benefit: 通常既可指个人情况(如身体、智力或精神状态等)的好转或改善，又可指对实现某个目标等带来的好处。
avail: 较文雅，常见于历史小说、演说或讲道中，较少用于日常话语，侧重功效或效力。
vi. 有用，有利
 - be of help, have it
vt. 有利，有用
 - have it, to advantage
n. 效用，利益
 - behalf, utility, benefit, sake, profit

Word: goodnight
Front: goodnight
[ˌgʊdˈnaɪt] (18180/8328 -1)
Back: int. 晚安，再见
分布：晚安(85%)，再见(15%)
CONVENTION
（晚上分别或睡觉前的道别语）晚安
You say 'Goodnight' to someone late in the evening before one of you goes home or goes to sleep.
PHRASE
（晚上分别或睡觉前）道晚安/吻别道晚安
If you say goodnight to someone or kiss them goodnight, you say something such as 'Goodnight' to them or kiss them before one of you goes home or goes to sleep.
例：Eleanor went upstairs to say goodnight to the children.埃莉诺上楼去跟孩子们道晚安。
例：Both men rose to their feet and kissed her goodnight.两人都站起来与她吻别道晚安。
int. 晚安；再见
 - bye, nighty-night

Word: artifice
Front: artifice
[ˈɑ:tɪfɪs] (宝 18184/22233)
Vocabulary: artifice
(once / 1492 pages)
n
If a politician pretends to be angry as a way of rousing the anger of the voters and getting more votes, he's guilty of artifice — a subtle and crafty trick.
Before taking on its current meaning, artifice meant a skilled piece of workmanship. A beautiful diamond bracelet might have been considered a piece of artifice, for example; now it would only be called artifice if the diamonds were fake.
WORD FAMILY
artifice: artifices
USAGE EXAMPLES
After all, Gilbert & Sullivan operettas draw much of their comedy from overt references to their own artifice.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
We spoke two weeks before her death and she was in high spirits – funny, honest, open, without artifice.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
That extra layer of artifice is not necessary, and actually harmful to your ability to enjoy Collateral Beauty.
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 灵巧; 诡计; 巧妙办法; 虚伪行为
分布：技巧(50%)，诡计(26%)，欺骗(24%)
→art, 技艺，工艺。词根fact, 制造。与artifact构成对词。
【记】art艺术家，fice＝face脸。艺术家的脸。为什么凡是导演都有大胡子？难道没有大胡子就当不了导演？事实证明我是错的，有些导演就不是大胡子，但也有大胡子—假的—装cool！他们使用了一种巧办法，一种诡计——101毛发再生精！
【反】candor（n 坦白，直率）
US ['ɑ:r.tˌɪ-] formal
noun countable or uncountable
■(the use of) a clever trick or something intended to deceive 诡计；奸计；欺骗
• Amazingly for Hollywood, she seems almost entirely without artifice. 尽管身处好莱坞，可她好像从不耍甚么阴谋诡计，真是教人惊讶。
n. 诡计；欺骗；巧妙的办法
 - fraud, scheme, trick

Word: goof
Front: goof
[gu:f] (18040/46725)
Vocabulary: goof
(once / 8874 pages)
nv
A goof is a silly fool. If you can't stop telling jokes, even after your math class has started, your teacher will think you're a goof.
There are many alternate words for goof, including dimwit, dummy, and nitwit. In other words, you should only call someone a goof if you mean to insult their intelligence. The mistakes a goof — or anyone — makes can also be called goofs: "I made such a goof when I was mixing this cake batter." Goof is a 1916 American invention, probably influenced by the English dialect goff, "foolish clown."
WORD FAMILY
goof: goofed, goofing, goofs, goofy +/ goofy: goofier, goofiest, goofily
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I goofed,” Gingrich said in a rare admittance of fallibility.
Salon(Dec 22, 2016)
That scared me off, because I wanted to goof around with my friends after school.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 19, 2016)
They goofed around constantly and even sported player 1 and player 2 video game tattoos on their inner arms.
Washington Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 呆瓜
v. 弄糟; 混; 打发时间; 出大错
时态：goofed, goofing, goofs
分布：愚蠢的人(20%)，闲混(16%)，犯错误(16%)，愚蠢的错误(16%)，做蠢事(16%)，把 ... 弄得一团糟(16%)
→词源不详，可能来自英语方言goff, 小丑。或直接来自goo, 恶心的黏稠质流动声。
verb intransitive or transitive mainly US informal
■to make a silly mistake 犯愚蠢的错误；弄错
• If Tom hadn't goofed and missed that shot, we'd have won the game. 要不是汤姆犯了愚蠢的错误而错过那次射门的机会，我们就可以赢得比赛了。
• She goofed her lines (= said the words in the play wrong). 她说错了台词。
[gu:f] verb intransitive or transitive mainly US informal
  Phrasal Verbs  goof around US informal
■to spend time doing nothing important or behaving in a silly way 闲荡；瞎混
• The boys spent the whole summer just goofing around. 这些男孩子们瞎混了整整一个夏天。
[gu:f] verb intransitive or transitive mainly US informal
  Phrasal Verbs  goof off US informal
■to avoid doing any work 逃避工作；偷懒
• They've goofed off and gone to the ball game. 他们工作时溜出去打球了。
[gu:f] noun countable
MISTAKE 错误 mainly US informal
■a silly mistake 愚蠢的错误
• I made a real goof by forgetting his name. 我犯了一个愚蠢的错误，竟然忘了他的名字。
[gu:f] noun countable
PERSON 人 US informal
■a silly or stupid person 傻子；蠢人
n. 呆瓜
 - goopher
vi. 打发时间；混；出大错
 - pass the time, goopher
vt. 弄糟
 - hash up, run into the ground

Word: untapped
Front: untapped
[ˌʌnˈtæpt] (托宝 18033/19433)
Back: adj. （有用或宝贵的东西）未开发的，未利用的; 未开塞的
分布：未使用的(86%)，塞子未开的(14%)
【记】un不，tap（v 轻打；n 塞子），ped：塞子未开的；未使用的
adjective
■If a supply of something valuable is untapped, it is not yet used or taken advantage of 未利用的；未开发的
• untapped assets/resources/markets/talent 未利用的资产／未开发的资源／未开发的市场／未发掘的才华
adj. 未开发的；未使用的；塞子未开的
 - undeveloped, unexploited

Word: collapsed
Front: collapsed
[kə'læpzd] (18044/19692)
Back: v. 折叠( collapse的过去式和过去分词 ); 倒塌; 崩溃; （尤指工作劳累后）坐下
分布：倒塌的(100%)
adjective
■describes a lung or blood vessel (= tube which carries blood in the body) which is not able to work because disease or injury has caused it to become flat （肺或血管）萎陷的
adj. 倒塌的；暴跌的；收缩的；倾陷了的
 - contractive, pinched
v. 倒塌；崩溃（collapse的过去分词）；价格暴跌
 - cracked

Word: prescient
Front: prescient
[ˈpresiənt] (18054/33318)
Vocabulary: prescient
(once / 4587 pages)
adj
To be prescient is to have foresight or foreknowledge. We can use this word to describe people themselves, or what they say or do at a given moment.
You probably know that the Latin prefix pre- means "before," so you might be able to figure out that the word prescient, from the verb praescire, means to "know beforehand." People like economists, sports commentators, and political analysts often get tagged with this word, because it's part of their job to sift through the data and make predictions — and sometimes they get it right. And when they're not just lucky, we might say they're prescient.
WORD FAMILY
prescient: prescience, presciently+/ prescience: presciences
USAGE EXAMPLES
Lincoln didn’t realize how prescient he was, or the challenges he would face.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Keynes’s arguments for a more generous settlement were prescient.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Now, according to a small but possibly prescient band of pro-Trump intellectuals, it is happening again.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 有预知能力的，有先见之明的
分布：有先见之明的(56%)，预知的(44%)
→pre-,在前，早于，预先，-sci,知道，知晓，词源同science.
有先见之明的(pre+scient知道的→预先知道)[pre-表示"…前的,预先"]
有先见之明的(pre预先+sci+ent→预先知道)[sci=know,表示"知道"]
['pres.i.ənt] formal
adjective
■knowing or suggesting correctly what will happen in the future 预知的，有预知能力的，有先见之明的
• a prescient warning 预见性的警告
adj. 预知的；有先见之明的
 - provident, previsional

Word: preservationist
Front: preservationist
[ˌprezəˈveɪʃənɪst] (18193/-)
Back: n. （对野生动物、自然区、古迹和传统事物等的）保护主义者
US [-ɚ-] mainly US
noun countable
■someone who works to prevent old buildings and areas of the countryside from being destroyed or damaged （保护古建筑和乡村免受破坏的）文物保护者，环境保护者

Word: haunch
Front: haunch
[hɔ:ntʃ] (18141/22782)
Vocabulary: haunch
(once / 2348 pages)
n
A haunch is the back end of an animal — its rump and rear leg. When you walk behind a horse, it's important to stay far enough away from its haunches that you won't get kicked.
You can use the word haunch for the hind parts of a four-legged animal or for the hip and thigh of a person. When you squat like a catcher in baseball, you sit on your haunches, and a cow with an itchy backside might rub its haunch against a fence post. The word stems from hanche, which means "hip or thigh" in Old French, from a Germanic root.
WORD FAMILY
haunch: haunches
USAGE EXAMPLES
Is it a man in a top hat? or a rabbit resting on its haunches?
Salon(Dec 06, 2016)
As Snowman takes the highest jumps, gathering his haunches, he extends himself until his body is almost vertical, as if he were climbing a mountain.
Seattle Times(Nov 17, 2016)
He was sitting on his haunches and sampling from a crate of figs.
Khaled Hosseini, A Thousand Splendid Suns(2007)
Back: n. 腰腿; （鹿等供食用的）腰腿肉
分布：腰腿部(50%)，〈建〉梁腋(50%)
→来自古法语anche,臀部，来自ang,弯，转，关节，词源同angle,ankle.后引申词义人或动物的腰腿部。
US [hɑ:ntʃ] noun
countable
■one of the back legs of an animal with four legs that is used for meat （动物的）腰腿肉
• a haunch of venison 鹿的腰腿肉
haunches [plural]
■the top of a person's legs and their bottom （人的）胯部，臀部
• She was sitting/squatting on her haunches. 她坐／蹲着。
n. 腰部，腰；臀部
 - bottom, waist, middle

Word: captivating
Front: captivating
[ˈkæptɪveɪtɪŋ] (18051/22133)
Vocabulary: captivating
(once / 3651 pages)
adj
The adjective captivating describes something that's completely enthralling and holds your attention. You might find a marathon of episodes of a TV show so captivating that you forget to eat dinner.
When people are captivating, they're often very intelligent, attractive, charming, or otherwise fascinating. Something that catches and holds your interest is captivating, like a captivating mystery novel you just can't put down. In fact, this adjective comes from the Latin captivatus, "to take or capture," and early in its use, captivating had that literal meaning. Now it's only used to mean capturing interest.
WORD FAMILY
captivating: captivatingly+/ captivate: captivated, captivates, captivating, captivation/captivation: captivations/ captive: captivate, captives, captivity / captivity: captivities
USAGE EXAMPLES
But for us mere mortals, there are other celebratory choices just as captivating.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
A house in Birmingham is captivating passers-by with its Stranger Things-inspired festive light display in the front window.
BBC(Dec 14, 2016)
Informative notes, and full texts and translations, accompany this captivating recital by a significant talent.
Washington Post(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: adj. 迷人的，有魅力的，有吸引力的
v. 迷住（某人），迷惑( captivate的现在分词 )
分布：迷人的(74%)，有魅力的(22%)，动词captivate的现在分词.(4%)
ADJ-GRADED
迷人的;有吸引力的
Someone or something that is captivating fascinates or attracts you.
例：...her captivating smile and alluring looks.她那迷人的微笑和妩媚的眼神
adj. 迷人的；有魅力的
 - attractive, killing, taking, engaging, charming
v. 使…着迷（captivate的ing形式）
 - fascinating

Word: windswept
Front: windswept
[ˈwɪndswept] (托 18045/18935)
Back: adj. 风刮的，被风吹扫的，暴露在风中的
分布：被风吹扫的(72%)，曝露在风中的(28%)
adjective
■(of places) open to and not protected from strong winds, or (of people) having hair that is untidy because it has been blown in different directions by the wind （地方）受强风侵袭的；（头发）被风吹乱的
• We drove down to the windswept Atlantic coast of Portugal. 我们驱车前往葡萄牙常受大风侵袭的大西洋海岸。
• windswept hair 被风吹乱的头发

Word: long-term-care

Word: one-party
Front: one-party
None None
Back: [法] 一方当事人
分布：单方面的(100%)

Word: franchisee
Front: franchisee
[ˌfræntʃaɪˈzi:] (18008/26036 -1)
Back: n. 特许经营人
分布：特许经营人(100%)
noun countable
■someone who is given or sold a franchise 特许经营人

Word: gaseous
Front: gaseous
[ˈgæsiəs] (四六托宝 18191/23487)
Back: adj. 气态的，似气体的; 无实质的; 〈美俚〉不可靠的; 气性
分布：气态的(41%)，气体的(34%)，无实质的(18%)，似气体的(7%)
气体的(gas气体)[-eous表形容词"有…的"]
US ['gæ.si.əs] specialized
adjective
■consisting of gas or gases, or like gas 含有气体的；像气体的
• a gaseous mixture 气体混合物
• Steam is water in its gaseous form. 蒸汽是气态水。
adj. [物] 气态的，气体的；无实质的
 - gasiform, gassy

Word: yo-yo
Front: yo-yo
['jəʊjəʊ] (-1)
Vocabulary: yo-yo
(once / 38375 pages)
n
A yo-yo is a toy that's made of a string wound around two connected discs. The trick of a yo-yo is to drop the discs to the end of the string and flick them back up into your hand.
When you learn to use a yo-yo, you can do tricks that involve the spinning discs and the string's tension. A yo-yo expert can "walk the dog," where the yo-yo rolls along the floor like a dog on a leash, or go "around the world," making a wide circle in the air with the yo-yo before snapping it back up the string to her hand. The word yo-yo appeared around 1915, possibly from a language of the Philippines.
WORD FAMILY
yo-yo
USAGE EXAMPLES
Celebrated cellist Yo-Yo Ma performs with the National Symphony Orchestra in the culminating concert of the John F. Kennedy Centennial.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
His inaugural committee is planning an inauguration — an event that, in President Obama’s terms, included performers ranging from Kelly Clarkson to Yo-Yo Ma.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
And next summer, the International Yo-Yo Federation will host its annual competition at the site.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 溜溜球（一种线轴般的玩具）; 优柔寡断的人; 〈美俚〉蠢人，笨人
adj. 上下起落的; 摇摆不定的
v. 玩约约; 忽上忽下
分布：摇摆不定(35%)，上下起落的(33%)，蠢人(16%)，笨人(16%)
→品牌名，来自菲律宾某语言。
US ['joʊ.joʊ] noun countable (plural yo-yos) trademark
■a toy which consists of a circular object that can be made to go up and down a long piece of string to which it is tied 游游拉线盘，溜溜球（一种玩具）
UK ['jəʊ.jəʊ] US ['joʊ.joʊ] adjective
■describes something that moves up and down quickly, or something that changes repeatedly between one level and another 摇摆不定的，不断反覆变化的
• yo-yo dieting 间歇性节食
n. 溜溜球（一种线轴般的玩具）；优柔寡断
 - indecision, irresolution
adj. 上下起落的；摇摆不定的
 - vacillant
vi. 摇摆不定；上下起落
 - blow hot and cold

Word: puffing
Front: puffing
[pʊfɪŋ] (18210/19776)
Back: v. 使喷出( puff的现在分词 ); 喷着汽（或烟）移动; 吹嘘; 吹捧
分布：膨化(68%)，喘息(20%)，动词puff的现在分词形式.(6%)，喷出(6%)
VERB
吸，抽（香烟等）
If someone puffs at a cigarette, cigar, or pipe, they smoke it.
例：He lit a cigar and puffed at it twice...他点了一支雪茄，吸了两口。
例：He nodded and puffed on a stubby pipe as he listened.他边听边点头，还吸着一支粗短的烟斗。
V-ERG
吹；喷；吐
If you puff smoke or moisture from your mouth or if it puffs from your mouth, you breathe it out.
例：Richard lit another cigarette and puffed smoke towards the ceiling...理查德又点了一支烟，朝着天花板喷云吐雾。
例：The weather was dry and cold; wisps of steam puffed from their lips.天气又干又冷，他们嘴里哈出缕缕白气。
VERB
（引擎、烟囱或锅炉）冒（烟或气）
If an engine, chimney, or boiler puffs smoke or steam, clouds of smoke or steam come out of it.
例：As I completed my 26th lap the Porsche puffed blue smoke.我跑了26圈时，保时捷车冒出了蓝烟。
N-COUNT
（吹出的）一缕，一股
A puff of something such as air or smoke is a small amount of it that is blown out from somewhere.
例：Wind caught the sudden puff of dust and blew it inland.风猛地刮起一阵灰尘，将它吹往内陆。
VERB
喘息；喘气
If you are puffing, you are breathing loudly and quickly with your mouth open because you are out of breath after a lot of physical effort.
例：I know nothing about boxing, but I could see he was unfit, because he was puffing.我对拳击一无所知，但我能看出他状态不佳，因为他在急促喘息。
N-COUNT
吹捧；吹嘘
A puff for something such as a book, film, product, or organization is something that is done or said in order to attract people's attention and tell them how good it is.
例：What is presented to the public as a critical evaluation is really an elaborate puff for him and his magazine.公众所看到的评论界的好评实际上是对他和他的杂志的一种吹捧。
N-COUNT
同poof
A puff is the same as a poof .
v. 使膨胀（puff的ing形式）；吹起
 - expanding

Word: expectantly
Front: expectantly
[ɪk'spektəntlɪ] (18125/22517)
Back: adv. 期待地，期望地
分布：期待地(60%)，期望地(40%)
ADJ-GRADED
期待的;期望的
If someone is expectant, they are excited because they think something interesting is about to happen.
例：An expectant crowd gathered...满怀期待的人群聚在一起。
例：She turned to me with an expectant look on her face.她转身望着我，脸上带着期待的表情。
ADJ
即将当（妈妈或爸爸）的
An expectant mother or father is someone whose baby is going to be born soon.

Word: storeroom
Front: storeroom
[ˈstɔ:ru:m] (18202/20746)
Back: n. 贮藏室，商品陈列室
分布：储藏室(56%)，库房(44%)
US ['stɔ:r-] noun countable
■a room for keeping things in while they are not being used 储藏室，储物间
n. 库房；储藏室
 - storage room, boxroom

Word: countenance
Front: countenance
[ˈkaʊntənəns] (宝 18208/14013 -1)
Vocabulary: countenance
(once / 127 pages)
1n 2vn
The noun countenance means the face or its expression. If you're a great poker player, you probably have a calm countenance.
Countenance comes from a French word for "behavior," but it has become a fancy term for either the expression of a face or the face itself: "He had a puzzled countenance," or "what a charming countenance!"Countenance can also be a verb meaning to tolerate or approve. If someone does something offensive, tell them, "I'm afraid I can't countenance that."
WORD FAMILY
countenance: countenanced, countenances, countenancing, discountenance+/discountenance: discountenanced, discountenances, discountenancing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The party was doubtless pleased by his resolute refusal, in line with its own, to countenance such concessions.
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
So whatever he has in his heart, he countenances it for either political or media gain.
Slate(Nov 23, 2016)
Please don't leave her countenance out of her own essay.
New York Times(Nov 03, 2016)
Back: n. 表情; 脸，面孔; 赞同，支持; 鼓励
vt. 表示赞同; 嘉奖; 宽恕
时态：countenanced, countenancing, countenances
分布：支持(45%)，面容(38%)，面部表情(9%)，赞成(8%)
→来自contain, 包含，控制，对内心情感的控制，表情。后词义进一步褒义化，赞赏，支持。
赞许,支持;形貌(coun[=con]+tent+ance→全部控制→容忍,不提议见,表示支持)[tain,ten,tin=hold表示"拿住"]
【记】continent（adj 节制的）－节制的状态－默认的表情－一种容忍的支持
【反】regard with disfavor（不赞成）；forbid（v 禁止）；condemn（vt 谴责）
US [-tən.ənts]
FACE 脸
countable or uncountable
■the appearance or expression of someone's face 面容；脸色；面部表情
• He was of noble countenance. 他的面容显得很高贵。
formal
noun UK [ˈkaʊn.tə.nənts] US [-tən.ənts]
APPROVAL 赞同
uncountable
■approval
• We will not give/lend countenance to any kind of terrorism. 我们不赞同任何形式的恐怖主义。
formal
verb transitive UK [ˈkaʊn.tə.nənts] US [-tən.ənts/
■to find acceptable; to approve of or give support to 接受，认可；赞同；支援
• The school will not countenance bad behaviour. 学校不会支援不端行为。
n. 面容，表情；支持
 - holding, face, support, look, adhesion
vt. 支持，赞同
 - encourage, second, back, carry, hand

Word: irritant
Front: irritant
[ˈɪrɪtənt] (18052/18487 -1)
Vocabulary: irritant
(once / 8467 pages)
n
An irritant is a substance that causes pain, itching, or discomfort. Chlorine, which is commonly used in swimming pools and hot tubs, is an irritant that dries out skin and reddens eyes.
A physical irritant does just what it sounds like: it irritates your body in some way. For some people, any scent in hand soap or laundry detergent acts as an irritant, causing itchy rashes. A figurative irritant is someone or something that bugs you. The noise your brother makes when he slurps his cereal every morning might, for example, be an irritant. The word is related to irritate, sharing the Latin root irritare, "provoke."
WORD FAMILY
irritant: counterirritant, irritants+/counterirritant: counterirritants
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Over eight shows a week, I’m wiring that character’s way of thinking in my actual physical brain. How does my psyche respond to that irritant?”
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
This sort of thing is a minor irritant, but an irritant nonetheless.
The Guardian(Dec 14, 2016)
Anyway, after that irritant, Victoria and I find our way to our “room,” which is, in reality, an entire apartment.
Washington Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 有刺激性的; 使无效的，使失效的
n. 刺激物，刺激因素
分布：刺激物(52%)，刺激剂(20%)，刺激性的(16%)，刺激的(12%)
→来自irritate,刺激，使烦恼。
【记】irritate（v 激怒；刺激）＝exasperate＝provoke＝peeve＝nettleirritable（adj 易怒的；急躁的）＝fretful＝irascible＝cholericirritating（adj 使愤怒的；刺激的）
【反】balm（n 香油；安慰物）读：爸妈；salve（n 药膏）
US [-tˌənt] noun countable
MAKING ANGRY 激怒
■something that causes trouble or makes you annoyed 令人烦恼的事物；造成麻烦的事物
• The report is bound to add a new irritant to international relations. 这份报告肯定会给国际关系添加新麻烦。
UK ['ɪr.ɪ.tənt] US [-tˌənt] noun countable
MAKING SORE 使疼痛
■a substance that makes part of your body sore or painful 刺激物
• Pollen is an irritant, causing red and sore eyes in sensitive people. 花粉有刺激性，会使过敏的人眼睛红肿疼痛。
adj. [医] 刺激的；刺激性的
 - incentive, stimulating
n. [医] 刺激物，刺激剂
 - stimulus, inducement

Word: untimely
Front: untimely
[ʌnˈtaɪmli] (宝 18080/19432)
Vocabulary: untimely
(once / 2003 pages)
adjadv
Something untimely has occurred prematurely, and it's usually not good news. If you hear about someone's untimely death, it must mean it was an unexpected death.
When something is timely, it happens at the right time. When something is untimely, it means the opposite: it happened at an unfortunate or unexpected time. Usually, this means it happened much too early. The most common use of this term is probably in discussing someone’s untimely death, meaning they died young. Other disasters that happen to young people might be described as untimely as well.
WORD FAMILY
untimely: untimeliness+/mistime: mistimed, mistimes, mistiming/ overtime: overtimes/ time: mistime, overtime, timed, timeless, timely, timer, times, timing/timed: ill-timed, timedly/ timeless: timelessly, timelessness/ timely: timelier, timeliest, timelily, timeliness, untimely /timer: timers/times: timeses/timing: timings
USAGE EXAMPLES
On the drive home, Bob was schooling me again in all things Kiwi: “Pop your clogs” means “to die an untimely death.”
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Slaveholders, who collected cash after a slave’s untimely death.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Researchers found that cancers were the top cause of untimely death among Americans, and the second largest overall killer.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 不适时的，不合时宜的; 过早的
adv. 过早地，不合时宜地
分布：不合时宜的(57%)，过早地(22%)，不合时宜地(14%)，比正常情况早的(7%)
【记】un不，timely（adj 及时的；适时的）：不适时的
[ʌn'taɪm.li] formal
adjective
■describes something bad that happens unexpectedly early or at a time which is not suitable （坏事的发生）过早的；不合时宜的
• It was this passion for fast cars that led to his untimely death at the age of 43. 对飙车的狂热致使他43岁就英年早逝。
adj. 不合时宜的；过早的
 - previous, unseasonable
adv. 不合时宜地；过早地
 - prematurely, unseasonably

Word: clang
Front: clang
[klæŋ] (18195/24280)
Back: n. 叮当声
v. （使）叮当地响
时态：clanged, clanging, clangs
分布：鹤鸣声(55%)，铿锵声(45%)
→拟声词。
verb intransitive or transitive
■to make a loud deep ringing sound like that of metal being hit, or to cause something to make this sound （使）叮当作响；（使）发出当啷声
• He woke up to hear the sound of bells clanging in the distance. 他醒来时听到远处铃儿叮当作响。
• [+ obj + adj] She clanged the metal gate shut behind her. 她哐啷一声把身后的大铁门关上了。
n. 叮当声；铿锵声
 - clonk, tintinnabulation

Word: top-ranked
Front: top-ranked
['tɒpr'æŋkt] None
Back: adj. （运动员、运动队）居首的，最优秀的
分布：被认为是最上等的(50%)，公认为极品的(50%)
ADJ
（运动员、运动队）居首的，最优秀的
A top-ranked sports player or team is the most successful player or team in a particular sport.

Word: iteration
Front: iteration
[ˌɪtəˈreɪʃn] (18188/17595)
Vocabulary: iteration
(once / 7776 pages)
n
An iteration is a repetition of something. Your nagging friend's message might be lost on you after the umpteenth iteration.
The noun iteration comes from the Latin verb iterum, which means "again," which makes a lot of sense when you consider the meaning of the word, "the act of repeating." Don’t get confused by the similar word reiteration, which essentially means the same thing. Either word is proper to use. Although when you think about it, the "re" means again anyway, so that word actually means "to repeat again," which is in itself a little redundant, don't you think?
WORD FAMILY
iteration: iterations+/ iterate: iterated, iterates, iterating, iteration, iterative, reiterate / iterative: iteratively/ reiterate: reiterated, reiterates, reiterating, reiteration, reiterative/reiteration: reiterations
USAGE EXAMPLES
The current iteration of the Second Avenue subway is both wildly more expensive and less ambitious than anticipated.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
It’s possible that this year’s iteration of the Crimson Tide is not only Nick Saban’s best, but the best college football team ever.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
By the same token, it’s hard for a Chinese restaurant to distinguish itself when there’s a seemingly passable iteration on every Manhattan block.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 反复; 重述; 重述的事; [计算机]循环
分布：迭代(86%)，迭代法(6%)，重复(4%)，循环(4%)
→来自iterate,重复，反复声明。
US [ˌɪtˌ.ə'reɪ-] noun countable or uncountable formal
■the process of doing something again and again, usually to improve it, or one of the times you do it 反覆（通常为了作出改善而重复做某事；或重复整个过程一次）
• the repetition and iteration that goes on in designing something （在设计某物时的）重复；反覆修改
• The software is on its fifth iteration. 这个软体已经是第五版。
specialized
■an amount that you get when you use a mathematical rule several times 反覆运算（数学里若干次使用一个数学法则得出的量）
n. [数] 迭代；反复；重复
 - repeat, reiteration

Word: scuff
Front: scuff
[skʌf] (托宝 18214/23712)
Vocabulary: scuff
(once / 16982 pages)
vn
When you scuff something, you scrape it in a way that leaves a mark. You might walk very carefully down the street in your new red cowboy boots, being careful not to scuff the toes.
You can scuff a floor by moving heavy furniture, or scuff your new leather backpack by dragging it on the sidewalk. It's easy to scuff new shoes or to scuff your dad's car interior when you try to cram your bike into its hatchback. Scuff also means to drag your feet, the way a reluctant child might do on her way into the dentist's office. The word scuff is Scottish, possibly from a Scandinavian root.
WORD FAMILY
scuff: scuffed, scuffer, scuffing, scuffs+/scuffer: scuffers
USAGE EXAMPLES
We were walking across the hillsides when my father scuffed a pebble with his boot.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
One man grabbed a metal folding chair and dragged it to the edge of the scuffed wooden dance floor in anticipation.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
She locked the front door and turned to me, her dark, tired eyes hardened to scuffed stone.
The New Yorker(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vt. 使磨损; 拖着脚走
时态：scuffed, scuffing, scuffs
分布：拖着脚走(71%)，磨损(29%)
→来自 skeubh,推，挤，词源同 shove,shuffle.引申词义拖着脚走。
【记】scu读：scar，ff读：肤－皮肤被scuff出scar。
verb transitive
■to make a rough mark on a smooth surface, especially on a shoe or floor 磨损，磨坏（尤指鞋或地板）
• Please wear trainers in the gym, to avoid scuffing the floor. 在体育馆内请穿运动鞋，避免磨损地板。
• Have you got anything for getting rid of scuff marks on shoes? 你有没有甚么东西可以去除鞋上磨损的痕迹呢？
• If you scuff your feet (= pull your shoes along the ground as you walk) like that, you'll ruin your shoes. 如果你像那样拖着脚走，会把鞋子磨坏的。
vt. 使磨损；践踏；拖着脚走
 - trample down, ride down
vi. 磨损；拖着脚走
 - tear and wear, wear off
n. 拖着脚走；磨损之处
 - shuffle

Word: un-american

Word: tiled
Front: tiled
[taɪld] (18217/12469)
Back: adj. 平铺的，用瓦管排水的
分布：铺瓦的(50%)，动词tile的过去式和过去分词形式.(50%)
adjective
■(of a surface) covered with tiles （表面）铺瓦的，铺砖的
• The kitchen has a tiled floor. 厨房地面铺了地砖。

Word: dame

Word: foursome
Front: foursome
[ˈfɔ:səm] (18222/16078 -1)
Back: n. 两对，四人一组; （每边两人的）双打; 四人对抗赛
分布：四人的一组(38%)，四人对抗赛(37%)，参赛的四人(25%)
US ['fɔ:r-] noun countable (also four)
■a group of four people meeting for a social activity, such as playing a game or having a meal （聚在一起玩游戏、吃饭等的）四人组
• Why don't we invite Caroline and Mark and make up a foursome? 我们干吗不邀请卡罗琳和马克来凑成两对？

Word: mortuary
Front: mortuary
[ˈmɔ:tʃəri] (宝 18223/15112)
Vocabulary: mortuary
(once / 7592 pages)
nadj
A mortuary is a room or area, often in a hospital, where dead bodies are kept. You can also use the word mortuary to talk about a funeral home.
When a person dies in a hospital, his body is usually moved to a mortuary before an autopsy takes place. A mortuary is also where a body is kept until it's buried or cremated. Another word for a mortuary is a morgue, which is more commonly used in the United States. In the 1500's, mortuary was used as an adjective meaning "pertaining to death," from the Latin root word mortuus, or "dead."
WORD FAMILY
mortuary: mortuaries
USAGE EXAMPLES
Formaldehyde—the mortuary chemical—is added to preserve the virus’s structural components but destroy its capacity to infect cells and reproduce.
The New Yorker(Aug 15, 2016)
Etete Peters of the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital said mortuaries are overflowing and the final death toll likely will be much higher.
Seattle Times(Dec 11, 2016)
Ten days later, the mortuary at Dover Air Force Base in Delaware confirmed it was Gilbert’s.
Time(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. （丧葬前的）停尸室，太平间
adj. 丧葬的
分布：太平间(53%)，停尸间(26%)，丧葬的(17%)，与死有关的(4%)
→来自拉丁语mors,死亡，死的，词源同mortal,murder.-ary,表地方。委婉语。
停尸室(mort+uary地方→放尸体的地方)[mort=death,表示"死"]
US ['mɔ:r.tʃu.er.i] noun countable UK (US morgue)
■a building, or a room in a hospital, where dead bodies are kept so that they can be examined before the funeral 太平间，停尸房
US for * funeral parlour
n. 太平间；停尸间
 - reposing room
adj. 死的；悲哀的
 - sad, belly-up

Word: nay
Front: nay
[neɪ] (18019/14625)
Vocabulary: nay
(once / 125 pages)
nadv
A nay is a "no" or "negative" vote. If you vote nay during your club's vote, you are voting against the proposal.
If your teacher holds a vote on whether to have a pizza party instead of a geometry quiz, it's unlikely anyone will vote nay. Long ago, the word nay was simply used as a substitute for "no," but it sounds odd today: "Nay, I don't need any ketchup with my fries." You can use it, however, to mean "this word is more appropriate," as when you say, "I'm upset, nay furious, that you forgot my birthday."
WORD FAMILY
nay: nays
USAGE EXAMPLES
A witness told police the two got into an argument in late August, when Nay was last seen alive.
Seattle Times(Nov 22, 2016)
“I keep thinking of what she said to me before I left. She—” “Nay, nay, nay. ”
Khaled Hosseini, A Thousand Splendid Suns(2007)
That’s not to say that naysayers will stop saying nay.
Seattle Times(Oct 25, 2016)
Back: adv. 不但如此; 而且; 否
n. 反对票，投反对票者
分布：不(56%)，而且(18%)，拒绝(8%)，反对(8%)，不但如此(8%)，投反对票(2%)
→来自古诺斯语nei,不，没有，词源同no.引申词义不仅如此，而且。
adverb
EVEN MORE 甚至更 formal
■used to introduce a second and more extreme phrase in a sentence when the first phrase was not strong enough 不仅如此，而且
• It is my pleasure, nay (my) privilege, to introduce tonight's guest speaker. 我很高兴，也很荣幸介绍今晚的特别演讲嘉宾。
[neɪ] adverb
NO 不 Northern for no
• Nay lass, don't cry. 不，姑娘，你别哭。
adv. 不；甚至；不仅如此
 - non, indeed, even
n. 拒绝；反对；投反对票的人
 - opposition, non, rejection, refusal

Word: insulating
Front: insulating
[ˈɪnsjuleɪtɪŋ] (18226/19686)
Back: adj. 绝缘的
v. 使绝缘( insulate的现在分词 ); 使隔离; 使免除（不愉快的经历）; 使免受（不良影响）
分布：绝缘的(89%)，动词insulate的现在分词形式.(11%)
→来自insulate,使隔热，绝缘。
VERB
将…隔离(以免受外界影响)
If a person or group is insulated from the rest of society or from outside influences, they are protected from them.
例：They wonder if their community is no longer insulated from big city problems...他们在想是否大城市的问题离自己的社区也已经不再遥远了。
例：Their wealth had insulated them from reality.财富将他们与现实隔离。
VERB
使隔热;使隔音
To insulate something such as a building means to protect it from cold or noise by covering it or surrounding it in a thick layer.
例：It will take almost 25 years to insulate the homes of the six million households that require this assistance...要为 600 万户有此需求的家庭进行住宅隔热隔音处理得花将近 25 年的时间。
例：Is there any way we can insulate our home from the noise?...有什么办法可以使我们的住宅隔音吗？
VERB
使绝缘
If a piece of equipment is insulated, it is covered with rubber or plastic to prevent electricity passing through it and giving the person using it an electric shock.
例：In order to make it safe, the element is electrically insulated.为安全起见,该元件作了电绝缘处理。
例：...electrical insulating tape.绝缘胶带
adj. 绝缘的；隔热的
 - isolated, nonconductive
v. 使绝缘（insulate的ing形式）；隔离
 - isolating

Word: unrecognizable
Front: unrecognizable
[ˌʌnrekəgˈnaɪzəbl] (18069/24540)
Back: adj. （人或事物）变得[损坏得]难以辨认的，无法识别的
分布：未被承认的(36%)，无法认出的(35%)，无法识别的(29%)
ADJ
无法辨别的；难以辨认的
If someone or something is unrecognizable, they have become impossible to recognize or identify, for example because they have been greatly changed or damaged.
例：The corpses of the prisoners were nearly unrecognizable from the number of bullet wounds they'd received...囚犯的尸体上中枪太多，几乎无法辨认。
例：The new town would have been unrecognisable to the original inhabitants.原来的居民可能会认不出这个崭新的城镇了。
adj. 未被承认的；无法认出的
 - unadmitted, unheralded

Word: curling
Front: curling
[ˈkɜ:lɪŋ] (18230/19139)
Back: n. 冰壶，冰上溜石游戏（将重石片滑向一目标）
v. 弯曲（ curl的现在分词 ）
分布：苏格兰的冰上溜石游戏(50%)，动词curl的现在分词.(50%)
→来自curl, 卷曲，弯，因其弧线动作而得名。
US ['kɝ:-] noun uncountable
■a game played on ice in which special flat round stones are slid towards a mark 冰上滚石游戏；冰壶运动

Word: askew
Front: askew
[əˈskju:] (宝 18225/23055)
Vocabulary: askew
(once / 4557 pages)
advadj
Although it sounds like a sneeze, the word askew means lopsided or turned and tilted to the side. Like your glasses might be after, well, a sneeze.
The movie “Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events” tells the story of three orphans and their struggle to escape their wicked guardian, Count Olaf. In the story, the orphans are sent to stay with their Aunt Josephine, whose house sits perilously on the edge of cliff over a leech-infested lake. The floor of Josephine’s house is at an angle, pictures hang off-center, and in fact everything appears to be tilted and wildly askew, including their aunt’s mental condition.
WORD FAMILY
askew: askews
USAGE EXAMPLES
It starts with a call-to-attention fanfare, sputtering and slightly askew.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
But the late, 22-year-old Cash Askew’s band Them Are Us Too is so gorgeous and elegiac that it’s almost too painful to listen too now.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Cash Askew, 22, was an Oakland musician who was kind, gentle and a “total goofball,” said her girlfriend, Anya Taylor.
Washington Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: adv. & adj. 歪，斜; 歪歪扭扭
分布：歪斜的(64%)，斜地(36%)
→可能同辅音根s-k, 表示歪，斜，见askance, 斜的。askew, 斜的。skew，斜的。
【记】ask＝？长得是弯曲的、歪斜的。参考：skew（adj 斜的）
【反】aligned（adj 排列成一行的）
adjective [after verb]
■not straight or level 不正（的），歪斜（的）
• Isn't that picture slightly askew? 那幅画是不是有点挂歪了？
• My hat was askew so I adjusted it in the mirror. 我的帽子戴歪了，于是我对着镜子把帽子弄正。
adj. 歪斜的
 - wry, wobbly
adv. 歪斜地，斜地
 - slantingly, agee

Word: rancid
Front: rancid
[ˈrænsɪd] (宝 18196/22713)
Vocabulary: rancid
(once / 8788 pages)
adj
Rancid means sour, rotten, and nasty and refers most specifically to the sharp bad smell of decomposing oils or fats. "Rancid" is a great name for a post-punk band, but a lousy way to describe the sauce on your eggs Benedict.
If you've never had the pleasure of smelling something rancid, life has quite a wallop in store for you. As meat, fat, or oil decomposes the chemical change creates a sharp wretched stink that will cause you to recoil. It's just foul. The powerful horrendous fragrance of rancid butter, therefore, makes the word wonderfully potent to describe all sorts of things — from a corrupt dictatorship to a party that's gone on a few hours too long.
WORD FAMILY
rancid: rancidity, rancidly, rancidness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Republican leaders are quick to note that, while Garland appears to be qualified, his name is an anagram for “Rancid Lark Germ.”
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Poor quality oil, or oil that has gone rancid, will have a lower smoke point.
Seattle Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Jokes about race, women’s anatomy and little people are sprinkled, like rancid pepper, over a script that depends on the inherent humor of cuss words.
Washington Post(Nov 22, 2016)
Back: adj. （指含有油脂食物）因变质而有陈腐味道或气味的，（指气味或味道）如陈腐脂肪味的
分布：腐臭的(51%)，令人作呕的(29%)，有腐臭油脂味的(20%)
→来自拉丁语 rancere,发臭的，腐烂的，词源可能同 rankle.-id,形容词后缀。
【记】ran＝run跑，cid掉：跑完一万米往下掉臭汗－恶臭难闻的
adjective
■(of butter, oil, etc.) tasting or smelling unpleasant because not fresh （奶油、油等）不新鲜的，变味的，腐败变质的
adj. 腐臭的；令人作呕的，讨厌的
 - evil, rank

Word: ADHD
Front: ADHD
[.eɪ diː eɪtʃ 'diː] (16065/-)
Back: abbr. 注意力不集中症（ attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ）
分布：名词(100%)
noun uncountable mainly UK abbreviation for
■ attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Word: throttle
Front: throttle
[ˈθrɒtl] (托宝 11179/12877 -1)
Vocabulary: throttle
(once / 1988 pages)
1nv 2v
The throttle of an engine controls the fuel going in, and if you're going at full throttle, you'd better hang onto your hat.
You can think of a throttle as a throat, and the two words may be related. But as with a throat, if you block a throttle, something bad is likely to happen. You can throttle your car — cut off the air to the engine, also known as applying the choke — and you might stall it out. You can also throttle a person — the image is that you grab the person by the throat and cut off his air. It's much better to use throttle figuratively, as when you beat someone really badly at tennis, you could say "you throttled her," but nobody has to get hurt.
WORD FAMILY
throttle: throttled, throttler, throttles, throttling+/throttler: throttlers/throttling: throttlings
USAGE EXAMPLES
There’s unlikely to be a letup on the throttle this time.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Drive modes adjust throttle response, steering weight, gearbox mapping and the amount of engine growl allowed into the cabin.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
A nurse working in a south Wales emergency department, who was throttled by a patient, believes more needs to be done.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 节流阀; 喉咙，气管; [机]风门
vt. & vi. 扼杀，压制; 勒死，使窒息; 使节流; （用节汽阀等）调节
vi. 节流，减速; 窒息
时态：throttled, throttling, throttles
分布：油门(64%)，节流阀(30%)，使窒息(3%)，喉咙(2%)，扼喉咙(1%)
→来自 throat,喉咙，-le,表反复或工具格后缀。引申动词词义掐死，勒死，名词词义节流阀等。
【记】throt＝throat（n 喉），tle－掐脖子
US ['θrɑ:.tˌl] noun countable
■a valve which allows more or less fuel to go into an engine and so changes the power with which the engine operates 节流阀；油门
UK ['θrɒt.l] US ['θrɑ:.tˌl] noun countable
at full/half throttle
■at full/half speed or power 以全速／半速；尽全力／以一半的力量
• He's working at full throttle (= as hard as he can) to get the job finished. 他正全力以赴完成工作。
• The captain of the boat had his engines at full throttle. 船长让船开足马力全速行驶。
UK ['θrɒt.l] US ['θrɑ:.tˌl] verb transitive
PRESS THROAT 掐喉咙
■to press someone's throat very tightly so that they cannot breathe 掐（喉咙）；使窒息
• informal Sometimes he annoys me so much that I could throttle him. 有时他真令我讨厌，我恨不得掐死他。
UK ['θrɒt.l] US ['θrɑ:.tˌl] verb transitive
PREVENT 防止
■to prevent something from succeeding 阻挡；压制；扼杀
• The reduction in funds is throttling the development of new programmes. 削减经费将阻碍新计划的开展。
UK ['θrɒt.l] US ['θrɑ:.tˌl] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] throttle (sth) back/down
■to reduce speed, or to reduce the power and speed being produced by an engine （调节油门）减速
• The pilot throttled back (the engines) as he came in to land. 著陆时，飞行员调节油门减速。
n. [机] 节流阀； [车辆] 风门；喉咙
 - throttling valve, THORT
vt. 压制，扼杀；使……窒息；使……节流
 - kill, silence
vi. [机] 节流，减速；窒息
 - slow down, speed reduction

Word: yawn
Front: yawn
[jɔ:n] (高研四六托雅宝 10649/10509 -K1)
Vocabulary: yawn
(once / 552 pages)
nv
The reflex that makes you open your mouth wide, inhale, and then exhale is called a yawn. Even seeing photos of other people's yawns (or reading the word yawn) can make you yawn.
We yawn when we're very bored or tired, or when our bodies need an influx of oxygen. Scientists aren't completely in agreement about all the reasons why we yawn, but the "contagious yawn" happens across all human societies and even in non-human animals like chimpanzees and dogs. Things can also yawn in a figurative way, when they're open wide. Yawn comes from gionian in Old English, "open the mouth wide."
WORD FAMILY
yawn: yawned, yawner, yawning, yawns+/yawner: yawners/ yawning: yawningly, yawnings
USAGE EXAMPLES
“My mother was like one of those women who never stopped chattering,” the narrator says, “even while yawning.”
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
It stopped as quickly as it had started, and the sun came out again, mildly, as if yawning after a nap.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
What it means is that United are now a yawning 11 points behind Chelsea and any title-challenging hopes rather distant.
The Guardian(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: vi. 打呵欠; 张开，裂开; <文学>张开大口
n. 呵欠; 无聊的人或事; 裂口
时态：yawned, yawning, yawns
分布：呵欠(56%)，打呵欠(31%)，张开(13%)
→来自ghai,张嘴，打呵欠，词源同gas,chaos,gape.
v.打呵欠n.呵欠At the dawn on the lawn the yawning drowned man began to frown.拂晓时在草坪上,打呵欠的溺水者开始皱眉头.
【记】因为yawn所以yaw（v 偏航）。
US [jɑ:n] verb intransitive
 ADVANCED
■to open the mouth wide and take a lot of air into the lungs and slowly send it out, usually when tired or bored 打哈欠
• I can't stop yawning - I must be tired. 我不停打哈欠——肯定是累了。
UK [jɔ:n] US [jɑ:n] noun
countable
■an act of yawning 哈欠
• Her eyes watered as she tried to stifle (= stop) a yawn. 她强忍着不打哈欠，眼泪都出来了。
a yawn only singular informal
■something or someone that is very boring 乏味的事物（或人）
• We have to go to dinner with Simon's boss on Saturday which is a bit of a yawn. 我们星期六得跟赛门的老板一起去吃晚餐，真是有点乏味。
n. 哈欠；裂口
 - breakage, chasm
vi. [生理] 打呵欠；裂开
 - gap, seam
vt. 张开；打著呵欠说
 - splay

Word: furrow
Front: furrow
[ˈfʌrəʊ] (宝 14926/14919 -1)
Vocabulary: furrow
(once / 888 pages)
nv
A furrow is a groove or a depression. Originally, furrows were created in soil for water to flow. Now, its most common meaning is of a deep line or wrinkle on the face, as in a "furrowed brow."
Furrow is related to the old English word farrow, meaning "to root like a swine," which makes sense, seeing as both acts create trenches in the earth. Sometimes a furrow simply means the impression left by a cart wheel or tire track in the mud. In a non-agricultural sense, a furrow is also simply a slight groove or depression or series of indentations in the surface of any object.
WORD FAMILY
furrow: furrowed, furrowing, furrows+/ furrowed: unfurrowed
USAGE EXAMPLES
Growing on a hillside in a sunlit glade, the pine is nearly 200 feet tall, 7 feet across at the base, its bark richly furrowed.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Ask Jones about all that now, and his brow furrows.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 04, 2016)
Everyone in the field is dressed for the rain that just stopped and for the muddy furrows between the knee-high rows of plants.
Seattle Times(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: n. 犁沟; 皱纹; 车辙
v. 犁田，开沟; 使起皱纹
时态：furrowed, furrowing, furrows
分布：犁沟(39%)，皱纹(35%)，车辙(22%)，形成深痕(4%)
→来自perk,挖，拱，词源同farrow, pork.用做耕地的犁沟，垄以及古代马车车辙。
【区】burrow（n 洞穴）扒肉；furrow发肉，你就会肥，自然会有皱纹
US ['fɝ:.oʊ] noun countable
■a long line or hollow which is formed or cut into the surface of something 皱纹；沟；车辙
• A deep furrow has formed in the rock, where water has run over it for centuries. 经过数百年的冲刷，溪水在岩石上刻出了一条深深的沟壑。
• Years of anxiety have lined her brow with deep furrows. 多年的焦虑在她的额头上留下了深深的皱纹。
UK ['fʌr.əʊ] US ['fɝ:.oʊ] verb transitive
■to form or cut a long line or hollow in the surface of something 皱纹；沟；车辙
• The wheels of the heavy tractor furrowed the soft ground. 重型拖拉机的轮子在柔软的土地上压出了车辙。
• The pain of the headache made him furrow his brow (= make lines in the skin above his eyes). 头痛使他眉头紧锁。
n. 皱纹； [农学] 犁沟；车辙
 - rugosity, wrinkle
vt. 犁；耕；弄绉
 - till, plough
vi. 犁田；开沟；犁出浪迹
 - break ground

Word: plantain
Front: plantain
[ˈplæntɪn] (18194/38726)
Back: n. 车前草，香蕉之一种
分布：车前草(52%)，大蕉(48%)
→来自西班牙语plantano,来自加勒比土著语palatana,香蕉，该词本身可能是借自西班牙古词platano,悬铃木，一种叶子展开的阔叶树，用于代指叶子更大的芭蕉叶。
noun countable or uncountable
■a tropical fruit similar to a banana with green skin, or the plant that produces this fruit 大蕉（类似香蕉的热带水果，亦指该植物）
n. 车前草，香蕉之一种
 - Psyllium, Plantain Herb

Word: no-brainer
Front: no-brainer
[nəu'breinə] None
Vocabulary: no-brainer
(once / 24370 pages)
n
An obvious conclusion or an easy decision is a no-brainer. Adding 2 + 2 is a no-brainer, and so is the decision to accept a generous scholarship.
The informal no-brainer describes choices that are so clear they're hardly even choices: they require almost no thought, since one alternative is obviously better. Saying yes to the the prize of a trip for four to Disney World is a no-brainer, and when you're shopping for a new laptop, buying the one with more memory that's less expensive is a no-brainer. No-brainer stems from the idea that it doesn't take brains to make a decision so simple.
WORD FAMILY
no-brainer
USAGE EXAMPLES
If I were using Google Home to control my lights and thermostat too, it would be a no-brainer at $129.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
“Then it hit us, ‘Kuhn Tunes’ was a no-brainer and catchy” name for their group, Priscilla said.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
“It’s a no-brainer. A bank would fund us all day,” he said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. something that requires little thought,傻瓜都知道的问题
分布：无需用脑的事(67%)，不伤脑筋的事(33%)
US [ˌnoʊ'breɪ.nɚ] slang
noun only singular
■something that is very simple to do or to understand 不费脑筋之事；容易处理的问题
• That last test question was a complete no-brainer. 最后那道测试题丝毫不费脑筋。

Word: negro

Word: euphoric
Front: euphoric
[ju:'fɒrɪk] (18081/20278)
Vocabulary: euphoric
(once / 22556 pages)
adj
To be euphoric is to be carried away with amazingly good feelings. The euphoric feeling of having won the lottery ended quickly when you saw your pet ferret chewing up your lottery ticket.
When someone's euphoric, they're so happy that they might have lost touch with reality for the moment. This “too good to be true” quality is one reason some drug-induced states get described as euphoric. In fact, euphoria, which euphoric stems from, originally meant a feeling of wellness caused in the sick by the use of drugs.
WORD FAMILY
euphoric: euphorically+/euphory: euphoric
USAGE EXAMPLES
In Week 1204 the Empress asked for some post-election “silver linings” for those who were less than euphoric over the election results.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Consumers likewise seem euphoric, with multiple measures of consumer confidence recently reaching business-cycle highs.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
A once-submissive population filled the streets with euphoric scenes never seen before in The Gambia.
BBC(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: adj. 欣快症的，欣快的; 精神愉快的
分布：欣快的(70%)，心满意足的(30%)
US [-'fɑ:r-] adjective
■extremely happy and excited 狂喜的；亢奋的；异常兴奋的
• a euphoric mood 极其兴奋的心情

Word: unresponsive
Front: unresponsive
[ˌʌnrɪˈspɒnsɪv] (18101/19679)
Vocabulary: unresponsive
(once / 6697 pages)
adj
If someone can't or won't respond, we call them unresponsive. Depending on the context, a person's unresponsiveness can be just a bummer or a life-threatening condition.
Take this word piece by piece. Un- means "not," as usual. A response is a reaction to something. And -ive is a suffix that means "state of being." Taken together, these parts add up to "the state of being not responsive." When your boyfriend just sits and stares rather than talking about what's bothering him, he's being unresponsive. Medically speaking, when a person is called unresponsive, it means they're at least unconscious, and possibly dead or dying.
WORD FAMILY
unresponsive: unresponsively, unresponsiveness+/ respond: responded, respondent, responder, responding, responds, responsive / respondent: co-respondent, respondently, respondents/ responder: responders/ responsive: responsively, responsiveness, unresponsive
USAGE EXAMPLES
Authorities say Berry became unresponsive after the crash.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Police say he was found unresponsive around 2:30 a.m.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Officers dispatched to the scene found the real estate agent unresponsive in the overturned SUV.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 无答复的; 反应迟钝的; 感受性迟钝的; 无同情心的
分布：反应迟钝的(68%)，没有反应的(16%)，无回答的(16%)
US [-'spɑ:nt-] adjective
■not responsive (= reacting quickly or positively to something) 无反应的；无应答的
adj. 反应迟钝的；无反应的
 - reactionless, irresponsive

Word: erstwhile
Front: erstwhile
[ˈɜ:stwaɪl] (宝 18074/14300 -1)
Vocabulary: erstwhile
(once / 5235 pages)
adjadv
If your dad used to play in a punk band, but is now a computer programmer, you could call him an erstwhile punk rocker. Erstwhile means "former."
Erstwhile comes from Old English and is a formal way to say "former." You can go to your class reunion 20 years after you graduate high school and see your erstwhile friends. That means that they had been your friends, but you lost touch with them, so that they weren't friends of yours anymore. Can you think of some people that you wish were erstwhile classmates of yours?
WORD FAMILY
erstwhile: erstwhiles
USAGE EXAMPLES
The turmoil and difficulties he experienced moved him to turn the tables on his erstwhile comrades.
Seattle Times(Dec 09, 2016)
They were the first words directly attributed to the erstwhile prince since his father’s passing.
Time(Dec 02, 2016)
Her mayonnaise story culminates on a sweltering Greek island vacation with a group of boisterous friends, her husband, and her erstwhile lover.
Washington Post(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 从前的; 以前的; 原来的; 往昔的
adv. 从前; 往昔地
分布：从前的(63%)，往昔的(37%)
→erst, 最早的，ere最高级。
【记】erst＝earliest（adj 早的；初期的）erst读：饿死他，while（n 一会儿conj 当…的时候；虽然）：当饿死他的时候－那已经是从前的事了，想想3年自然灾害……
US ['ɝ:st-] formal
adjective [before noun]
■previous; former 以前的，先前的；过去的
adj. 以前的；从前的；往昔的
 - previous, former, ago
adv. 以前；往昔地
 - previously, ago, formerly, back

Word: mind-boggling
Front: mind-boggling
[ˈmaɪndˌbɔglɪŋ] None
Back: adj. 令人难以置信的
分布：形容词(100%)
→mind,思想，思维，boggle,惊愕。mind-boggling 惊愕的
US [-ˌbɑ:.gl.ɪŋ] adjective informal
■extremely surprising and difficult to understand or imagine 令人难以想像的；十分惊人的
• She was paid the mind-boggling sum of ten million pounds for that film. 那部电影她的片酬竟达千万英镑的天文数字。
adj. 令人难以置信的；令人惊异的
 - amazing, marvelous

Word: cooperatively
Front: cooperatively
[kəu'ɔpəreitivli] (18239/43482)
Back: adv. 合作地
分布：合作的(52%)，合作社(32%)，协作的(16%)
N-COUNT
合作社;合作机构
A co-operative is a business or organization run by the people who work for it, or owned by the people who use it. These people share its benefits and profits.
例：They decided a housing co-operative was the way to regenerate Ormiston Crescent...他们最终决定通过住房合作社来重建奥米斯顿月牙街。
例：The restaurant is run as a co-operative.这家饭店是合作经营的。
ADJ
齐心协力的;合作进行的
A co-operative activity is done by people working together.
例：He was transferred to FBI custody in a smooth co-operative effort between Egyptian and US authorities...在埃及当局和美国当局的共同努力下他被顺利移交美国联邦调查局进行羁押。
例：The President said the visit would develop friendly and co-operative relations between the two countries.总统说这次访问将会促进两国之间的友好合作关系。
ADJ-GRADED
合作的;有协作精神的;愿意配合的
If you say that someone is co-operative, you mean that they do what you ask them to without complaining or arguing.
例：I made every effort to be co-operative.我尽了最大努力配合。
adv. 合作地
 - collaboratively

Word: vanquished
Front: vanquished
[ˈvæŋkwɪʃt] (18087/33934)
Back: v. <文>征服( vanquish的过去式和过去分词 ); 战胜; 克服; 抑制
分布：征服(37%)，克服(33%)，击败(30%)
【记】vanquish（v 征服）
VERB
（彻底）征服，击败，战胜
To vanquish someone means to defeat them completely in a battle or a competition.
例：A happy ending is only possible because the hero has first vanquished the dragons...只有主人公先把那些恶龙制服，才有可能实现大团圆结局。
例：With knowledge and wisdom, evil could be vanquished on this earth.拥有了知识和智慧就能够把恶势力从这个世界上铲除。
v. 征服（vanquish的过去式）
 - crushing

Word: driftwood
Front: driftwood
[ˈdrɪftwʊd] (托 18250/22787)
Back: n. 流木，浮木，（社会变动所产生的）无用的人; 流送材
分布：浮木(75%)，流木(25%)
noun uncountable
■wood which is floating on the sea or brought onto the beach by the sea 漂流木，浮木（在海上漂浮或被海水冲上岸的木头）
n. 浮木；流散板；废弃物
 - rejectamenta, arisings

Word: upside-down
Front: upside-down
['ʌpsaɪd'daʊn] (四六托)
Back: adj. 颠倒的; 乱七八糟的; 混乱的
adv. 颠倒; 乱七八糟; 混乱
分布：乱七八糟的(50%)，颠倒的(50%)
adj. 颠倒的；乱七八糟的
 - reverse, perversive

Word: correspondingly
Front: correspondingly
[,kɔrə'spɑndɪŋli] (18246/10410)
Back: adv. 相对地，比照地
分布：相应地(100%)
ADV
关联地;相应地;相似地
You use correspondingly when describing a situation which is closely connected with one you have just mentioned or is similar to it.
例：As his political stature has shrunk, he has grown correspondingly more dependent on the army.随着政治声望的降低，他变得更加依赖军队了。
adv. 相应地，相对地
 - relatively, accordingly

Word: case-by-case
Front: case-by-case
['keɪsb'aɪk'eɪs] None
Back: 逐项给予
分布：逐项给予(100%)

Word: medial
Front: medial
[ˈmi:diəl] (18148/27412)
Back: adj. 中间的，平均的，向中央延伸的
分布：中间的(36%)，内侧的(25%)，平均的(25%)，普通的(14%)
→来自拉丁语medius,在中间，词源同middle.
中间的;平均的(med+ial)[med=middle,表示"中间"]
adj. [解剖] 中间的；平均的；普通的
 - mid, intermediary, middle, ordinary, mean

Word: win-win
Front: win-win
[wɪn wɪn] None
Back: adj. 对各方都有益的; 双赢的
分布：双赢的(100%)
adjective [before noun]
■A win-win situation or result is one that is good for everyone who is involved 不会输的；双赢的
• Flexible working hours are a win-win situation for employers and employees. 弹性的工作时间对于雇主和雇员来说是双赢的。

Word: souffle
Front: souffle
[ˈsu:fleɪ] (18199/35824)
Vocabulary: souffle
(once / 26561 pages)
n
A souffle is an egg dish that puffs up when you bake it. You might make a fluffy goat cheese souffle to serve your friends at brunch.
A souffle is similar to an omelet, although it is much lighter and airier, due to beaten egg whites that are folded into the other ingredients. The trick with a souffle is generally keeping it fluffy and not allowing it to fall. You can make a savory souffle or a sweet one, like a chocolate souffle for dessert. The word is French, from souffler, "puff up."
WORD FAMILY
souffle: souffle-like, souffles
USAGE EXAMPLES
The braised mushrooms on fluffy spoonbread, kind of a Southern corn soufflé, would pass muster at any Charleston dinner party.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Some examples on a recent night: White chocolate potato soufflé with caramelized eel.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
And if your child is determined to pass on the turkey or sweet potato soufflé, just smile and pass the next dish around.
New York Times(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: n. 杂音，吹气音; 蛋奶酥
分布：蛋奶酥(35%)，吹气音(25%)，膨胀的(16%)，蓬松的(16%)，=souffleed.(8%)
n. 吹气音； [临床] 杂音
 - noise, abnormal sound

Word: tail
Front: tail
[teɪl] (中高研四六托 2985/2604 -K3)
Back: n. 尾; 尾部; 燕尾服; 尾随者
vt. 跟踪; 装上尾巴
vi. 队伍单行行进时拉长或产生间隔; 侦察队两两散开; [建筑学] 嵌上，搭上
时态：tailed, tailing, tails
分布：尾巴(75%)，尾部(12%)，跟踪(4%)，尾随(3%)，后部(2%)，辫子(1%)，逐渐减少(1%)，附于其后(1%)，为 ... 装尾巴(1%)
→来自古英语 taegl,尾巴，来自 Proto-Germanic*tagla,尾巴，尾毛，来自 dok,尾巴上的毛， 来自 dek,撕，扯，分开。
n.尾巴;尾部;跟踪者vt.尾随,跟踪Details about the tailor's tail are available from the prevailing dailies.有关我缝在尾巴的细节可从流行的日报上得到.
noun countable
ANIMAL 动物
 IMPROVER
■a part of an animal's body, sticking out from the base of the back, or something similar in shape or position 尾巴；尾状物
• The dog wagged its tail excitedly. 那只狗兴奋地摇着尾巴。
[teɪl] noun countable
PERSON FOLLOWING 跟随着的人 informal
■someone who follows another person to discover where the other person goes to, who they speak to, what they do, etc. 盯梢人
[teɪl] noun countable
COIN SIDE 硬币面
tails
uncountable
■the side of a coin which does not have a picture of someone's head on it 硬币反面（通常指没有头像的一面）
[teɪl] noun countable
JACKET 夹克衫
tails
[plural]
■a tailcoat
[teɪl] noun countable
be on sb's tail
■to follow someone closely 紧紧跟随（某人）
• That driver's been on my tail for miles. 那人驾车紧跟在我后面有好几英里了。
[teɪl] noun countable
get off your tail US slang
■to stop being lazy and start doing something 收心；准备做事
• You've just got to get off your tail and start looking for a job. 你应该收心了，开始找份工作吧。
[teɪl] noun countable
leave/go off, etc. with your tail between your legs
■to leave, feeling ashamed and embarrassed because you have failed or made a mistake （因失败或犯错）夹着尾巴离开，灰溜溜地离开，垂头丧气地走开
• The losing team went off with their tails between their legs. 失利的球队夹着尾巴灰溜溜地走了。
[teɪl] noun countable
tail wagging the dog
■when a large group has to do something to satisfy a small group 本末倒置，主次颠倒
[teɪl] verb transitive
■to follow and watch someone very closely, especially in order to get information secretly 跟踪（某人），盯（某人）的梢
• That car has been tailing me for the last 10 minutes. 那辆车一直在跟踪我，跟了有十分钟了。
[teɪl] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  tail back UK
■If traffic tails back, it forms a long line and moves very slowly or stops （车辆）排起长龙
• There is traffic tailing back along the motorway for ten miles because of road repairs. 由于道路维修，车辆在高速公路上排起了十英里的长龙。
[teɪl] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  tail off
■to reduce in amount or become lower in level 逐渐变小，逐渐减弱
• His voice tailed off as he drifted into sleep. 他迷迷糊糊地快睡着了，说话声越来越小。
• The profits tailed off after a few years. 几年后，利润越来越少。
n. 尾部；辫子；踪迹；燕尾服
 - track, rump
vt. 尾随；装上尾巴
 - dog, shadow
vi. 跟踪；变少或缩小
 - follow up the scent
adj. 尾部的；从后面而来的
 - caudal

Word: coffeehouse
Front: coffeehouse
['kɔ:fɪˌhaʊs] (18252/-)
Back: 咖啡馆
分布：咖啡馆(100%)
n. 咖啡馆
 - cafe, coffee bar
vi. 进行漫谈；聊天
 - visit with, have a chat

Word: heavy-handed
Front: heavy-handed
[ˈhevi:ˈhændɪd] (-1)
Back: adj. 笨手笨脚的，拙劣的; 严厉的; 暴虐的; 手辣的
分布：笨手笨脚的(84%)，压迫的(16%)
→heavy,重的，hand,手。比喻用法。
adjective disapproving
■using too much force in dealing with someone 严厉的，粗暴的；高压的
• The protestors accused the police of using heavy-handed tactics. 示威者谴责警方使用高压手段。
adj. 严厉的；笨手笨脚的；手辣的
 - severe, tight, hard, harsh, rigorous

Word: firefight
Front: firefight
[ˈfaɪəfaɪt] (18095/48819)
Back: n. 交火，火战，炮战
分布：交战(80%)，火力战(20%)
US ['faɪr-] noun countable
■a fight, often unexpected, between opposing groups of soldiers in which they shoot at each other （常指敌对部队之间突发的）交火，火战，炮战
• The opposing units opened fire simultaneously at close range and a 15-minute firefight ensued. 交战的部队在近距离内同时向对方开火，交火持续了15分钟。
UK ['faɪə.faɪt] US ['faɪr-] verb intransitive
■to spend time on problems that need to be dealt with quickly, instead of working in a calm, planned way 速战速决；火急火燎
• Will the new manager be able to do anything other than firefight? 新的经理除了火急火燎之外还能做点甚么？

Word: priestly
Front: priestly
[ˈpri:stli] (18263/22582)
Back: adj. 僧的，僧侣似的
分布：祭司的(50%)，僧侣的(30%)，教士的(20%)
adjective
■relating to or like a priest （像）神职人员的
adj. 祭司的；僧侣的；似教士的
 - monkish, sacerdotal

Word: lewd
Front: lewd
[lu:d] (18097/24591)
Vocabulary: lewd
(once / 2944 pages)
adj
Lewd remarks are sexually inappropriate. Personal and sexually explicit comments might be acceptable when said in private, but they are not all right when said to strangers in public.
Lewd has to do with sexual behavior or remarks that are highly inappropriate or obscene, often because of what's done or said is in public or to someone who does not want that kind of attention. The couple who might make sexually suggestive jokes in private with each other would be completely out of place doing the same thing in the supermarket. What's more, committing a lewd act or making inappropriate comments is socially — and legally — unacceptable, and it can even land the perpetrator in jail.
WORD FAMILY
lewd: lewder, lewdest, lewdly, lewdness+/lewdness: lewdnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Then the online attacks began, many too lewd to repeat.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
In 1998, George was forced to address the question of his sexuality after being arrested for lewd behaviour in a public toilet in Los Angeles.
BBC(Dec 26, 2016)
Mr. Michael gained notoriety in 1998 after he was arrested in Beverly Hills for engaging in a lewd act alone in a public restroom.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 好色的，淫荡的，下流的
分布：淫荡的(100%)
→来自古英语laewede,非神职的，词源可能同lay,laity.后引申词义未受教育的，粗鲁的，淫荡的。词源演变比较villain.
【记】读：流的－流氓的－好色的
[lu:d] disapproving
adjective
■(of behaviour, speech, dress, etc.) sexual in an obvious and rude way 淫秽的，色情的，猥亵的，下流的
• Ignore him - he's being lewd. 别理他——他是个色鬼。
• a lewd suggestion 下流的建议
adj. 淫荡的；猥亵的；下流的
 - blue, dirty, salt

Word: derelict
Front: derelict
[ˈderəlɪkt] (雅宝 18085/8529 -1)
Vocabulary: derelict
(once / 4124 pages)
nadj
If something has been abandoned, you can call it derelict. Even if a person has abandoned his responsibilities, you can say that he is derelict in his duties. But don't call a lost child derelict — unless, of course, he has neglected his chores.
As an adjective, derelict describes something that is rundown, neglected, or in deplorable condition, but the word can also mean "negligent in duty." The politician was so busy using his office for personal gain that he was derelict in his duty to the people who voted for him; he hadn't been present at a vote in months. As a noun, a derelict means a homeless person.
WORD FAMILY
derelict: derelicts
USAGE EXAMPLES
At the same time, in the age of terrorism, the governor would be derelict in his duty if he shrugged and said, “not my problem.”
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
The city centre is scarred by the derelict buildings of a once great industry.
BBC(Dec 23, 2016)
Instead, derelict railway buildings are providing improvised shelter for hundreds of people.
BBC(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: adj. 被抛弃的，废弃的; 玩忽职守的
n. 遗弃物; 玩忽职守者
分布：玩忽职守者(33%)，玩忽职守的(31%)，抛弃的(26%)，被遗弃的人或物(10%)
→de-, 向下，离开，-re, 向后，-lict, 留下，遗留，词源同delinquent, leave. 即留在后面的，荒废的。
【记】de使离开，relict＝relinquish放弃－放弃掉
【参】relict（n 寡妇；残余物）；relic（n 遗物，遗迹）；dereliction（n 抛弃物）
【反】extremely careful（极其小心的）；pillar of society（国之栋梁）
adjective
■describes buildings or places that are not cared for and are in bad condition 失修的，破旧的；废弃的
• a derelict site 废弃的工地
• The theatre has been left to stand/lie derelict. 该剧院一直处于废弃状态。
['der.ə.lɪkt] noun countable formal
■a person who has no home or money and often lives outside 无家可归者，流浪汉
adj. 玩忽职守的；无主的；被抛弃了的
 - ownerless, masterless
n. 遗弃物；玩忽职守者；被遗弃的人
 - Ishmael

Word: fiscally
Front: fiscally
None (18090/43341)
Back: adv. 在国库方面，财政上，在国库岁入方面
分布：财政的(63%)，国库的(37%)
ADJ
(政府)财政的;国库的;(尤指)税收的
Fiscal is used to describe something that relates to government money or public money, especially taxes.
例：...in 1987, when the government tightened fiscal policy.在1987 年，当时政府紧缩财政政策
adv. 财政上
 - financially, moneywise

Word: moonlit
Front: moonlit
[ˈmu:nlɪt] (18270/21712)
Back: adj. 月光照耀的
分布：月光照耀的(100%)
adjective [before noun]
■able to be seen because of the light of the moon 月光照耀的
• a bright moonlit night 月色明亮的夜晚

Word: aphid
Front: aphid
[ˈeɪfɪd] (18204/17571 -1)
Vocabulary: aphid
(once / 39796 pages)
n
An aphid is a bug that's considered a pest by many gardeners. Aphids like to eat a variety of plants, including roses, lettuce, peaches, and grapes.
Aphids feed by sucking sap or liquid from a plant, and they can be quite destructive to a farmer's crop or a gardener's flower bed, because they reproduce quickly and efficiently. Several kinds of birds and spiders prey on aphids, and farmers use both chemical and biological insecticides to control them. The word aphid comes from the Modern Latin aphis, from 1758, although its origin isn't known.
WORD FAMILY
aphid: aphids
USAGE EXAMPLES
For example, many samples contained DNA from tiny plant-eating aphids, ladybugs that eat them, and parasitic wasps that lay their eggs in aphids.
Washington Post(Nov 02, 2016)
Hagfish, penguins, and aphids are just some of the creatures that have been shaped by what’s known as regressive evolution.
National Geographic(Oct 06, 2016)
Species of long-horned beetles, true bugs, even aphids who imbibe at the milkweed bar, all wear these warning colors proudly.
New York Times(Sep 30, 2016)
Back: n. [昆]蚜虫
分布：名词(100%)
→词源不详。
noun countable
■any of various small insects, such as the greenfly , which suck the juices of plants for food 蚜虫
n. [昆] 蚜虫
 - budworm, greenfly

Word: crypt
Front: crypt
[krɪpt] (宝 18273/9252 -1)
Vocabulary: crypt
(once / 2386 pages)
n
A crypt is a vault for burying the dead and is often underneath or part of a church building. Crypt rhymes with "gripped," and if you saw a corpse come out of a crypt, you would definitely be gripped with terror.
While a coffin is a rectangular box used for burying dead people underground, a crypt is often an elaborate stone or marble vault that's above ground. Some cultures believe in investing in large, decorated crypts to honor the dead, while others choose simpler chambers very close together for keeping family members near, even in death. A crypt can inspire scary thoughts of lids popping and doors opening for the walking dead, but that's due mostly to the widespread crypt scenes in horror movies. Mostly.
WORD FAMILY
crypt: crypts, encrypt +/ encrypt: encrypted, encrypting, encryption, encrypts
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the Chapel of St. Joseph of Arimathea, on the crypt level.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
The solution: Immense crypts were built under the church to create a platform supporting each of its wings.
Seattle Times(Dec 13, 2016)
The researchers obtained permission to study samples of the pathogen from a child interred in the crypt of a church in Vilnius, Lithuania.
BBC(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 地窖，（尤指）教堂地下室
分布：地穴(49%)，腺窝(26%)，土窖(17%)，隐藏的(8%)
→来自krau,隐藏，遮盖，词源同grotto.
地窖,地穴[crypt=secret,hidden,表示"秘密,隐藏"]
【记】crypt本身就是词根：秘密
noun countable
■a room under the floor of a church where bodies are often buried （用作墓穴的）教堂地下室
n. 土窖，地下室；腺窝
 - basement, undercroft

Word: age-related
Front: age-related
None None
Back: 增龄性
分布：增龄性(100%)

Word: anti-aircraft
Front: anti-aircraft
[ˈænti ˈɛəkrɑ:ft] None
Back: adj. 防空用的
分布：高射炮(60%)，防空武器(30%)，防空的(6%)，=antiaircraft.(4%)
US [-tˌi'er.kræft] adjective
■describes weapons, equipment or activities that are intended to destroy or defend against enemy aircraft 防空的
• an anti-aircraft missile/gun/weapon 防空导弹／高射炮／防空武器
• anti-aircraft defences/fire 防空工事／炮火

Word: theologically
Front: theologically
[ˌθi:ə'lɒdʒɪklɪ] (18266/34881)
Back: adv. 神学地，神学上地
分布：神学地(60%)，神学上地(40%)

Word: cripple
Front: cripple
[ˈkrɪpl] (研四六托雅宝 9401/11135 -2)
Vocabulary: cripple
(once / 506 pages)
vn
To cripple is to leave someone unable to walk. Terrible car accidents, for example, can sometimes cripple their victims.
Use the verb cripple to describe what is done to a person whose legs are so badly injured that they can't be used. You can also use the word in a figurative way, as when a parent's criticism and high expectations cripple a child's self esteem. In other words, they take away his strength and make him feel useless and unsuccessful. In the thirteenth century, cripple meant "to move slowly," from the Old English root crypel, "to bend."
WORD FAMILY
cripple: crippled, cripples, crippling+/crippling: cripplingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
“The prosecutors we see now,” he wrote on his Facebook page, “are nothing more or less than a pack of hyenas attacking a crippled lion.”
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Online sign-ups for his health care law were crippled by massive technical issues, resulting in one of the most embarrassing episodes of his presidency.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The past year was the year of “Crippled America,” the title of our new president-elect’s book.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 使跛; 受伤致残; 严重削弱; 使陷于瘫痪
n. 跛子，瘸子; 瘫子，残疾; <美方>杂木丛生的沼地; 脚蹬
时态：crippled, crippling, cripples
分布：削弱(77%)，残废(17%)，跛者(3%)，使...瘫痪(3%)
→词源同creep.
n.跛子,残疾人v.使跛,使残疾The cripple dipped the whip tip into the chip solution nearby his hip.跛子将鞭子末端浸入他臀部旁边的芯片溶液中.
【记】creep（v 爬）－爬的人－瘸子cr哭，ipple＝apple：一脚踩到了苹果上，然后就哭了，那还用问吗？肯定是瘸了！
noun countable offensive old-fashioned
■a person who cannot use their arms or legs in a normal way 手臂残废者；瘸子，跛子
emotional cripple informal
■someone who finds it difficult to have or express feelings 感情残废者，感情有缺陷的人
['krɪp.l] verb transitive
■to injure someone so that they are unable to walk or move in a normal way 使受伤致残；使跛
■to cause serious damage to someone or something, making them weak and not effective 严重损坏；严重削弱
• a country crippled by war 因战争而元气大伤的国家
cripple, lame
这组词都有“使跛，使残废”的意思，其区别是：
cripple: 正式用词，语气较强。多指因伤、体弱或疾病等所导致的永久性残废，常为肢体不全，行走不便，甚至移动身体也困难。
lame: 普通用词，指因受伤或本身的生理缺陷而使人的身体致残，着重行走时的不便。
vt. 削弱；使跛； [医] 使残废
 - break, to weaken
n. [医] 跛子；残废
 - disablement, lameness
adj. 跛的； [医] 残废的
 - disabled, spavined

Word: encore
Front: encore
[ˈɒŋkɔ:(r)] (18134/16434 -1)
Vocabulary: encore
(once / 2586 pages)
nv
A performance that's repeated or added to the regular performance is called an encore. If you're deaf from last night's concert, it might be because the band played for two hours and then did a thirty minute encore.
Encore is a French word meaning again. Audiences often yell, "Encore!" if a play, song, or other act has been particularly good. In essence they are shouting, "Again!" After a musical number, the encore may take the form of a repeated verse or chorus. At the end of a concert, the encore may be a whole extra set. The word is sometimes used sarcastically: "Well, you flunked math. What are you going to do for an encore?"
WORD FAMILY
encore: encored, encores, encoring
USAGE EXAMPLES
There was no encore, and for those looking for the beginning of the end, Oct.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
HBO will also offer an encore presentation of Fisher’s hit memoir-based one-woman show “Wishful Drinking” on Sunday at 9 p.m.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Humans This critically acclaimed adaptation of a Swedish sci-fi drama encores its first season in a daylong marathon.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: int. 再来一个！
n. 加演节目; 再演一个
v. 加演节目; 返场
时态：encored, encoring, encores
分布：再演(32%)，加演(32%)，安可曲(20%)，要求加演(8%)，再来一个！(8%)
→来自法语，再来一次，再来一个。来自拉丁语hanc horam, 才这个时候，hanc,词源同here. horam, 词源同hour。
US ['ɑ:ŋ.kɔ:r] noun countable
■an extra song or piece of music that is performed at the end of a show because the audience shout for it （演出结束后的）加演节目；
• We were shouting for an encore. 我们高喊着要求再演一个节目。
• They did a few old hits as/for an encore. 因为观众要求加演，他们演奏了几首过去风靡一时的曲目。

Word: morphology
Front: morphology
[mɔ:ˈfɒlədʒi] (托 18221/13125)
Vocabulary: morphology
(once / 6195 pages)
1n 2n
Morphology is the study of how things are put together, like the make-up of animals and plants, or the branch of linguistics that studies the structure of words.
In morphology, the word part morph- means "form" and -ology means "the study of." So, those who study how something is made or formed are engaged in morphology. In biology, the morphology of fish might investigate how the gills work as part of the respiratory system. In language morphology, you might study how prefixes and suffixes added to a word change its meaning.
WORD FAMILY
morphology: morphologic, morphological, morphologies+/morphological: morphologically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Seahorses possess one of the most highly specialized morphologies and reproductive behaviours.
Nature(Dec 13, 2016)
S2R+ cells were obtained from the laboratory of S. Sigrist, regularly authenticated by morphology and routinely tested for absence of mycoplasma contamination.
Nature(Nov 20, 2016)
This specialized morphology necessitates highly coordinated intracellular functions, however, AD disrupts processes that maintain neuronal health and support circuit function.
Nature(Nov 08, 2016)
Back: n. 形态学（尤指动植物形态学或词语形态学）
分布：名词(100%)
→morpho-,形状，形态，-logy,学说。
形态学(morph形状+o+log+y)[log=science,表示"科学,学科"]
形态学(morph+o+logy学科)[morph=form,shape,表示"形状"]
US [mɔ:r'fɑ:.lə-] noun uncountable specialized
■the scientific study of the structure and form of either animals and plants or words and phrases 形态学；词法（学）
n. [晶体] [生物] 形态学，形态论； [语] 词法，词态学
 - modalism, accidence

Word: imprisoned

Word: alertness
Front: alertness
[ə'lɜ:tnəs] (18261/19835)
Back: n. 警戒，机敏; 戒心
分布：机敏(63%)，警戒(37%)
ADJ-GRADED
警觉的；警惕的；留神的；机敏的
If you are alert, you are paying full attention to things around you and are able to deal with anything that might happen.
例：We all have to stay alert...我们大家都必须保持警惕。
例：He had been spotted by an alert neighbour.一个警觉的邻居发现了他。
ADJ-GRADED
充分意识到…的;完全感觉到…的
If you are alert to something, you are fully aware of it.
例：The bank is alert to the danger.银行充分意识到了危险。
N-COUNT
警戒（状态）；戒备（状态）
An alert is a situation in which people prepare themselves for something dangerous that might happen soon.
例：Due to a security alert, this train will not be stopping at Oxford Circus.由于安全戒备的原因，该次列车在“牛津街口广场”站将不停留。
VERB
向…报警；使警觉；使警惕；使注意
If you alert someone to a situation, especially a dangerous or unpleasant situation, you tell them about it.
例：He wanted to alert people to the activities of the group...他想提醒人们小心该团体的活动。
例：I was hoping he'd alert the police.我当时希望他会报警。
PHRASE
处于警戒状态;保持戒备
If soldiers or police are on alert, they are ready to deal with anything that may happen.
例：Soldiers and police have been put on alert.士兵和警方都已进入警戒状态。
PHRASE
准备就绪；防备着
If you are on the alert for something, you are ready to deal with it if it happens.
例：They want to be on the alert for similar buying opportunities.他们希望随时掌握有关类似购买机会的信息。
n. 警戒；机敏
 - guard, vigilance

Word: bracket
Front: bracket
[ˈbrækɪt] (研雅宝 7618/5578 -1)
Vocabulary: bracket
(once / 1538 pages)
1nv 2nv 3nv
A bracket is a punctuation mark that's used to set a word or phrase aside from the rest of a sentence. Sometimes dates or other numbers in a sentence are enclosed by brackets.
When you quote someone in a piece of formal writing, you can use brackets around an ellipsis, or three dots, to show you've omitted some of the actual quote: "He exclaimed, 'What a surprise to see you here [...] looking so cheerful!'" Another kind of bracket is the L-shaped support that holds a shelf against a wall, often using screws. This is the original meaning of bracket — the punctuation mark was named for the way it resembles the carpentry support.
WORD FAMILY
bracket: bracketed, bracketing, brackets
USAGE EXAMPLES
Your tax bracket doesn’t reveal the amount of taxes paid on your total income.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Brackets that were filled in by draws were a problem as they were often impacted by upsets in district tournaments.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Good Counsel placed third in the Pat Summit bracket with a 64-56 win over National Christian.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 支架，悬臂; 括弧; 类别，等级; [数]同类项
vt. 为…装托架; 把…括在一起; 把…分类; 排除
时态：bracketed, bracketing, brackets
分布：支架(65%)，括号(21%)，支撑(9%)，档次(4%)，放在括号内(1%)
→词源同brace, 括号。
n.架,括弧,托架v.装托架,括入括弧The man tackling the drawback of the brackets runs a slack snack business.那个解决支架缺点的人经营着萧条的小吃生意.
【记】brack＝brace双臂，et小。见上图的托架就是有双臂支撑。
【区】racket（n 球拍）
noun
SYMBOL 符号
 ADVANCED countable usually plural
■either of two symbols put around a word, phrase or sentence in a piece of writing to show that what is between them should be considered as separate from the main part 括号
• Biographical information is included in brackets. 括号里包含了作者的个人资料。
• UK You should include the date of publication in round brackets (also esp. US and ANZ parentheses)after the title. 你应该在题目后面的圆括号里注明出版日期。
• Grammar patterns in this dictionary are shown in UK square brackets] USbrackets. For example, a countable noun is marked countable. 本词典文法模式在方括号内注明，如可数名词用countable
表示。
['bræk.ɪt] noun
GROUP 组
countable
■a set group with fixed upper and lower limits 等级；段；档次
• They were both surgeons in a high income bracket. 他俩都属于高收入阶层的外科医生。
• Most British university students are in the 18 - 22 age bracket. 大多数英国大学生都属于18至22岁这个年龄层。
• Her pay rise brought her into a new tax bracket. 她薪水的增加使她进入了新的纳税等级。
['bræk.ɪt] noun
SUPPORT 支架
countable
■a piece of metal, wood or plastic, usually L-shaped, that is fastened to a wall and used to support something such as a shelf （通常呈L形、固定在墙上的）托架，支架，小壁架
['bræk.ɪt] verb transitive
USE SYMBOL 使用符号
■to put brackets around words, phrases, numbers, etc. 把…置于括弧中
• I've bracketed the bits of text that could be omitted. 我已把文章可省略的部分用括号括起来了。
['bræk.ɪt] verb transitive
PUT IN GROUP 归类
■If you bracket two or more things or people, you consider them to be similar or connected to each other 将…相提并论；把…归入同一类
• He's often bracketed with the romantic poets of this period although this does not reflect the range of his work. 人们常常把他与这个时期的浪漫诗人相提并论，尽管这并不能反映出他的作品的涉猎范围。
n. 支架；括号；墙上凸出的托架
 - rest, supporting stand
vt. 括在一起；把…归入同一类；排除
 - eliminate, exclude

Word: scarred
Front: scarred
['ska:d] (18284/24361)
Vocabulary: scarred
(once / 2353 pages)
adj
Something that's scarred is beat up, showing marks of wear or injury. The scarred wooden floors in the old school show that generations of kids have walked on them.
The adjective scarred describes something that's been hurt and shows some physical evidence of it. Your battle-scarred tabby cat might be missing a few whiskers and have a couple of nicks in his ears, and your knees might be scarred from falling off your bike. You can even be scarred in non-physical but lasting and serious ways, like being emotionally scarred by a breakup or a friend's betrayal. Being scarred this way might make you more cautious in the future.
WORD FAMILY
scar: scarify, scarred, scarring, scars+/scarify: scarified, scarifies, scarifying
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Pope dedicated his message to “all peoples, especially those scarred by war and harsh conflicts that seem stronger than the yearning for peace.”
Time(Dec 25, 2016)
The city centre is scarred by the derelict buildings of a once great industry.
BBC(Dec 23, 2016)
Marling’s Prairie certainly returns scarred but not scared, demonstrating uncanny poise in clashes with both men and beasts.
The Guardian(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: 瘢痕性的
分布：有疤痕的(85%)，动词scar的过去式和过去分词.(15%)
COMB in ADJ
(用于 bullet，fire 等名词后构成形容词)表示“留下…伤痕的”,“被…损坏的”
-scarred is used after nouns such as 'bullet' and 'fire' to form adjectives which indicate that something has been damaged or marked by the thing mentioned.
例：...a bullet-scarred bus.弹痕累累的公共汽车
例：...a lightning-scarred tree.遭雷击的树
COMB in ADJ-GRADED
(用于battle 或 drug 等名词后构成形容词)表示“留下…创伤的”
-scarred is used after nouns such as 'battle' or 'drug' to form adjectives which indicate that the thing mentioned has had a permanent effect on someone's mind.
例：...battle-scarred soldiers.留下战争创伤的战士们
例：...a war-scarred orphan.留下战争创伤的孤儿

Word: titanic
Front: titanic
[taɪˈtænɪk] (托宝 18286/23504)
Vocabulary: titanic
(once / 2413 pages)
adj
If two rival football teams played a close game that went into overtime, it could be could be said that winning it was a titanic struggle. This means it took a large amount of force and power to do so.
The root word titan is derived from Greek mythology. The Titans were a race of powerful deities. The adjective titanic can now refer to anything extremely large or strong. The Titanic was the name of the famous cruise ship that sank in 1912 after hitting an iceberg in the Atlantic Ocean. This name was chosen not only because it was the largest passenger steamship of its time, but also because it was touted as a strong ship, specifically that it was “unsinkable.”
WORD FAMILY
titanic: titanically+/ titan: titanic, titans
USAGE EXAMPLES
But it would be a titanic fight, some Republican senators would defect on principle, and Mr. Trump would almost certainly lose.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Mysteries at the Museum This special episode focuses on the sinking of the Titanic.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The Titanic, in the early 20th century, separated the different classes of travelers with metal gates.
New York Times(Apr 23, 2016)
Back: adj. <化>钛的; 四价钛的; 十分巨大的; 非常庞大的
分布：巨大的(100%)
【记】TITANIC号沉船是巨大的
adjective
■extremely powerful, strong, important or large 极强大的；极重要的；巨大的
• titanic mountains 巍峨的群山
• a titanic battle/performance/struggle 宏大的战役／演出／较量
adj. 巨大的；四价钛的
 - huge, tremendous, enormous, massive, macro

Word: taunt
Front: taunt
[tɔ:nt] (托 10645/12288 -1)
Vocabulary: taunt
(once / 882 pages)
vn
A short list of people not to taunt: your big brother, cops, nightclub bouncers, dragons. Taunts are insulting comments, and, unless you are a really, really fast runner, keep them to yourself.
Taunting is often associated with large groups picking on an individual. A mob might call out a hated king from his castle with taunts and jeers. Taunting the weak is a high-school phenomenon that teachers, administrators, parents, and students are working together to stop.
WORD FAMILY
taunt: taunted, taunting, taunts+/taunting: tauntingly, tauntings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The bullying remained, but the joy faded, and the comedy was often reduced to nasty zingers and schoolyard-quality taunts.
New York Times(Jan 03, 2017)
You can’t promise to be the president for all Americans and then taunt the 54 percent of Americans who didn’t vote for you.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
N.F.L. bans all touchdowns through the air or on punt returns because they are considered a form of taunting.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: vt. 嘲笑，奚落; 用嘲笑刺激
n. 嘲弄，奚落; 讥讽; 嘲弄的对象，笑柄
adj. [航]（桅杆）很高的
时态：taunted, taunting, taunts
分布：嘲弄(63%)，辱骂(37%)
→来自法语 tant pour tant,以眼还眼，以牙还牙，原倍奉还，来自 tant,等同，同样，词源同 tantamount,pour,为了，词源同 for.引申词义嘲笑，奚落。
【记】t踢，aunt姑奶奶：用嘲弄的方式踢姑奶奶
【参】daunt（v 恐吓）打姑奶奶；gaunt（adj 憔悴的）割姑奶奶
US [tɑ:nt] verb transitive
■to intentionally annoy and upset someone by making unkind remarks to them, laughing at them, etc. 嘲笑；讥讽；嘲弄
• The other children used to taunt him in the playground because he was fat and wore glasses. 其他孩子以前经常在操场上嘲笑他，因为他长得胖，还戴眼镜。
n. 嘲弄；讥讽
 - mockery, derisiveness
vt. 奚落；逗弄
 - tantalise

Word: upkeep
Front: upkeep
[ˈʌpki:p] (雅 18132/14538 -1)
Back: n. 保养，维修; 维持; 保养费，维修费
分布：维持(72%)，保养费(18%)，维持费(6%)，生活费(4%)
→比喻用法。
noun uncountable
■the cost or process of keeping something, such as a building, in good condition 维修费；保养费
• The upkeep of larger old properties is very expensive. 维修较大型房产的费用很高。
• Council employees are responsible for the upkeep of the gardens. 市政委员会的雇员负责花园的保养。
n. 维持；维修费； [经] 保养
 - maintaining, support

Word: five-star
Front: five-star
[faɪv stɑ:] None
Back: adj. 五星的，第一流的，最高级的
分布：第一流的(38%)，最高级的(37%)，五星的(25%)
US [-ˌstɑ:r] adjective [before noun]
■describes a hotel or service that is of the best possible quality （饭店或服务）五星级的
• a five-star hotel 五星级饭店
adj. 五星级的；第一流的，最高级的
 - classical, royal, summit

Word: devolve
Front: devolve
[dɪˈvɒlv] (宝 18123/11987 -1)
Vocabulary: devolve
(once / 1531 pages)
v
You've probably heard that organisms evolve over time. Well, life is complicated, and sometimes things devolve instead — to devolve is to get worse instead of better.
The de- in devolve is a clue to its meaning. When things devolve, they deteriorate, degenerate, fall apart, go to the dogs, and generally end up worse. When a classroom gets loud and rowdy, a teacher might say the class has devolved. There is another, less negative, meaning of devolve. You can devolve responsibilities: for example, the U.S. government could devolve a certain responsibility to the states. The non-negative meaning of devolve is kind of like passing things on in a will. If I devolve something to you, you inherit it.
WORD FAMILY
devolve: devolution, devolved, devolvement, devolves, devolving+/ devolution: devolutions
USAGE EXAMPLES
Brexit minister Michael Russell said it would include plans to retain a place for Scotland in the single market and new devolved powers for Holyrood.
BBC(Dec 17, 2016)
The plans also will outline further "substantial" new powers that should be handed to the devolved parliament in Edinburgh post-Brexit.
Reuters(Dec 17, 2016)
He also promoted federalism as a way of devolving power from the central government during his campaign for the presidency earlier this year.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 移交; 转移; 交给下属（或下层、晚辈等）; 衰落
时态：devolved, devolving, devolves
分布：移交(72%)，委任(19%)，退化(9%)
→de-, 向下。-volv, 转，词源同evolve, revolve. 即向下转，转交。
【记】involve（v 使参与）和本词是反义
US [-'vɑ:lv] verb transitive
■to (cause power or responsibility to) be given to other people 移交，转移（权力或职责）
• To be a good manager, you must know how to devolve responsibility downwards. 要成为一名优秀的经理就必须懂得如何向下放权。
• formal Those duties will necessarily devolve on/upon me. 那些任务必然会落到我的头上。
UK [dɪ'vɒlv] US [-'vɑ:lv] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  devolve sth to sb formal
■to give power or responsibility to a person or organization at a lower or more local level 将…移交（或下放）给（某人）
• The local education authorities have devolved financial control to individual schools. 当地教育主管部门已将财政管理权下放给了各个学校。
vi. 被移交；转让
 - transfer, make over
vt. 转移；移交；使滚下；衰落
 - shift, divert from

Word: salinity
Front: salinity
[sə'lɪnətɪ] (托 18060/27542)
Vocabulary: salinity
(once / 29329 pages)
n
The word salinity can mean the relative proportion of salt in a solution. Increasing the salinity of a solution will make it sterile, which is why it is often used in medical procedures.
The noun salinity is derived from the word saline thought to come from the Latin word salinium meaning "salt cellar" and the suffix ity meaning "condition or quality of being." Mixing salt with water makes a solution with high salinity, which has a sterilizing effect when used in medicine. Salinity is also associated with taste and food. You'll want to avoid foods with high salinity if you have high blood pressure.
WORD FAMILY
salinity: salinities+/desalinise: desalinisation/ saline: desalinise, salines, salinity
USAGE EXAMPLES
Not long ago, freshwater from the oak-forested mountains on the Iraqi border replenished the lake each year and rebalanced its salinity.
The New Yorker(Jan 02, 2017)
The tint of each pond is an indication of its salinity.
BBC(Dec 15, 2016)
The temperature and salinity of seawater, which affect DNA’s stability, would have to be accounted for.
Economist(Nov 17, 2016)
Back: n. 盐分，盐度; 盐浓度; 盐份
分布：盐分(87%)，盐浓度(13%)
含盐量(saline+ity)[sal=salt表示"盐"]
ADJ
盐的;含盐的;咸的
A saline substance or liquid contains salt.
例：...a saline solution.盐溶液
例：...warm, saline water.温热的盐水

Word: amok
Front: amok
[əˈmɒk] (18140/32686)
Vocabulary: amok
(once / 22134 pages)
advadj
You think Mittens the kitten is gentle and sweet, and then one day she runs amok, ripping up Grandma's favorite armchair until its cottony guts are hanging out. Time to take Mittens to get her claws trimmed.
Most of our words are rooted in Greek, Latin, or German, so it's refreshing to see a word that arose in a whole different language: amok's origins are in the Malay language of Indonesia. In the 1500s, a Portuguese writer and explorer named Duarte Barbosa described a murderous tribe on the island of Java as the "Amuco," and the word passed on into English. Amuco came from Amuk, a Malay word meaning "attacking furiously."
WORD FAMILY
amok: amoks
USAGE EXAMPLES
Today there is no emergent virus running amok.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
As governor of Riyadh, Salman helped oversee the family, even maintaining a jail for young princes who ran amok.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
“It’s really an example of what’s wrong with our system. The system run amok,” Adachi said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. & adv. 杀人狂，狂乱地，杀气腾腾地
分布：杀人狂(58%)，杀人狂的(28%)，疯狂地(14%)
→来自马来语。
US [-'mʌk] adverb
run amok
■to be out of control and act in a wild or dangerous manner 狂乱，狂暴，发狂
• The army ran amok after one of its senior officers was killed. 一名高级军官被杀后，这支军队开始胡作非为。
• The two dogs ran amok in a school playground. 那两只狗在学校操场上厮咬起来。
adv. 狂乱地；杀人狂地
 - frenziedly
adj. 杀人狂的；狂乱的
 - frantic

Word: ascetic
Front: ascetic
[əˈsetɪk] (托宝 18114/19696)
Vocabulary: ascetic
(once / 1113 pages)
nadj
Want to live an ascetic lifestyle? Then you better ditch the flat panel TV and fuzzy slippers. To be ascetic, you learn to live without; it's all about self-denial.
Ascetic is derived from the Greek asketes, meaning “monk,” or “hermit.” Later that became asketikos, meaning “rigorously self-disciplined,” which gives us the Modern English ascetic. Ascetic can be a noun: a person with incredible self-discipline and the ability to deprive herself, or an adjective that describes such a people or their lifestyle.
WORD FAMILY
ascetic: ascetical, ascetically, asceticism, ascetics+/ asceticism: asceticisms
USAGE EXAMPLES
This is not to suggest she lived the life of a do-gooding ascetic.
Time(Dec 22, 2016)
His house has no modern conveniences, and the clinic he soon goes to, staffed by slim women with light-colored eyebrows, is similarly ascetic.
New York Times(Nov 24, 2016)
Although the king’s personal habits, often bordering on the ascetic, were viewed by many Thais as beyond reproach, his family life was at times rocky.
Washington Post(Oct 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 禁欲的; 禁欲主义的; 苦行的; 克己的
n. 苦行者，禁欲者，禁欲主义者
分布：禁欲的(50%)，苦行者(50%)
→来自希腊语askeo, 修行，特指宗教人士的苦修。可能来自askos, 同skin, 借指放弃一切舒适的裸体隐修，包括衣服，以达到一种灵魂的超越。如印度耆那教天衣派。
静欲的(ascet练习+ic...练习苦行...苦行的)[-ic 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人或学科"3.表名词"某种病"]
苦行者(ascet练习+ic...练习苦行)[-ic 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人或学科"3.表名词"某种病"]
【记】a一个，sce读：腮－用一个腮呼吸的鱼。明明有两个腮，只用一个，剥夺了自己呼吸的权利，留下更多的氧气给别的鱼儿。不仅如此，由于没有吸入足够的氧气，体力不足以与其他鱼儿交配。我们管这种伟大的鱼叫苦行鱼、禁欲鱼！As好像，ce色：好像是色眯眯的，说明还不是色眯眯的，但又不敢色眯眯的：这种人就叫禁欲者。
【反】sybarite（n 纵情享乐者）；voluptuary（n 酒色之徒）；indulgent（adj 纵容的）；libertine（n 放荡不羁者）；hedonist（n 享乐主义者）；sumptuous（adj 奢侈华丽的）；
US [-'setˌ-] adjective
■avoiding physical pleasures and living a simple life, often for religious reasons （常指因宗教原因）苦行的，禁欲的，过清苦生活的
• They live a very ascetic life. 他们过着清心寡欲的生活。
UK [ə'set.ɪk] US [-'setˌ-] noun countable
■someone who lives an ascetic life, often for religious reasons 苦行者；苦行修道者
• He lived as an ascetic. 他过着苦行者的日子。
adj. 苦行的；禁欲主义的
 - austere
n. 苦行者；禁欲者
 - disciplinant, fakir

Word: unintentional
Front: unintentional
[ˌʌnɪnˈtenʃənl] (18131/19360 -1)
Vocabulary: unintentional
(once / 2848 pages)
adj
If an action is lacking a specific intent or plan, it can be described as unintentional. If you didn't mean to burp during Thanksgiving dinner, it was unintentional.
If you grow an unintentional watermelon plant in your yard, it means you didn't plant it on purpose. It may be an unintentional result of last month's epic watermelon seed spitting contest. A little boy might cut his own hair into an unintentional Mohawk, and your wrong turn in an unfamiliar city might result in an unintentional visit to the zoo. The root word is the Latin intentionem, "a stretching out, straining, exertion, or effort," plus the prefix un, or "not."
WORD FAMILY
unintentional: unintentionally+/ intend: intended, intending, intends, intention / intended: intendedly, unintended/ intention: intentional, intentions/ intentional: intentionality, intentionally, unintentional /unintended: unintendedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Block’s own story provides an unintentional clue to this paradox.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
The largest block of deaths over the five-year period - 150 children - stemmed from accidents and unintentional injuries, including motor vehicle crashes and drownings.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Unlike my dad, who was always a Pollyanna and unapologetically himself, I was an unintentional pessimist with a full assortment of emotions.
Time(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 不是故意的; 无意的，无心的; 无意识的
分布：无心的(59%)，非故意的(41%)
adjective
■not intentional (= planned) 无心的，非故意的
adj. 非故意的；无意识的
 - mechanical, automatic, unconscious, spontaneous

Word: hellish
Front: hellish
[ˈhelɪʃ] (18113/21525)
Back: adj. 很坏的，很讨厌的
adv. 很坏地，很讨厌地
n. 很坏，很讨厌
分布：地狱的(40%)，可憎的(26%)，凶恶的(17%)，令人毛骨悚然的(17%)
→比喻用法。
adjective
■very bad or unpleasant 很糟的；很令人讨厌的
• a hellish experience 很糟糕的经历
adj. 地狱的；凶恶的；令人毛骨悚然的
 - infernal, Tartarean

Word: pneumatic
Front: pneumatic
[nju:ˈmætɪk] (六 18301/19817)
Vocabulary: pneumatic
(once / 9594 pages)
adj
Pneumatic means "related to air or gas." If you've ever gone to a drive-through bank where you put your deposit in a container that gets shot through a tube into the bank, by a blast of air, then you've used a pneumatic tube.
When you pronounce pneumatic, keep the "p" silent. It comes from the Latin root for breath, and in some cases people call spiritual things "pneumatic." In engineering, when something is described as pneumatic, it usually uses air pressure to move things around, like pneumatic tubes, or like the compressor in the whipped cream that pushes air into the liquid cream as it comes out of the can.
WORD FAMILY
pneumatic: pneumatically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Trash was collected by an underground pneumatic system rather than trucks.
New York Times(Sep 30, 2016)
A pneumatic waste disposal system, obviating the need for garbage cans and trucks, directs all refuse to an automatic central processing facility underground.
The Guardian(Oct 19, 2016)
In the zany spirit of the occasion, it featured such unconventional instruments as pneumatic riveting machines, steam pipes, ocean liner whistles and sledgehammers.
New York Times(Sep 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 充气的; 气动的; 装满空气的; 有气胎的
n. 气胎; 有气胎的自行车; （风琴的）管
分布：充气的(60%)，气动的(40%)
→来自希腊语pneuma,空气，风，呼吸，来自pnein,吹动，呼吸，来自pneu,呼吸，拟声词。
US [nu:'mætˌ-] adjective
■operated by air pressure 由气压操作的；气动的
• Our car has pneumatic brakes. 我们的汽车有气压煞车。
■containing air 充气的
• pneumatic tyres 充气轮胎
adj. [物] [机] [动力] 气动的；充气的； [脊椎] 有气胎的
 - air-actuated, aerated

Word: confederation
Front: confederation
[kənˌfedəˈreɪʃn] (18262/8239 -2)
Vocabulary: confederation
(once / 1037 pages)
n
When a group of people or nations form an alliance, it is called a confederation, allowing each member to govern itself but agreeing to work together for common causes. Perhaps the best-known confederation was the South during the U.S. Civil War.
The noun confederation comes from the early 15th Century, meaning “an agreement.” Confederation is similar to the word "federation," but with important differences. Whereas a federation has a strong central government, a confederation is more of an agreement between separate bodies to cooperate with each other. The European alliance could be called a confederation, while the United States is a federation.
WORD FAMILY
confederation: confederations+/ confederacy: confederacies/ confederate: confederacy, confederated, confederates, confederating, confederation, confederative
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Our work will continue no matter what,” said Mohamud Noor, executive director of the Confederation of Somali Community in Minnesota.
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Mexico plays its Confederations Cup opener against Portugal on June 18 in Kazan, Russia.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Canada celebrates 150 years since its colonies were united under the Canadian Confederation, and Montreal marks its 375th anniversary.
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 结盟; 联盟; 同盟国
分布：邦联(100%)
noun countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■an organization consisting of different groups of people working together for business or political reasons 同盟，联盟
• the Confederation of British Industry 英国产业同盟
n. 联盟；邦联；同盟
 - alliance, union, association, league, federation

Word: coincidental
Front: coincidental
[kəʊˌɪnsɪˈdentl] (18156/19109)
Vocabulary: coincidental
(once / 9156 pages)
adj
Things that are coincidental take place at the same time, but there isn't any connection. It's just chance — a coincidence.
Sometimes things seem connected because they happen at the same time, but they really aren't: they're just coincidental. A sports fan might have a lucky shirt he wears to bring his team luck. But, if his team wins, that's just coincidental. Shirts, unfortunately, don't influence game outcomes. Coincidental is the opposite of causal, which means one thing directly causing another to happen. When coincidental things happen — like a friend calls just when you were thinking of her — it's just luck or chance.
WORD FAMILY
coincidental: coincidentally+/ coincide: coincided, coincident, coincides, coinciding/ coincidence: coincidences/ coincident: coincidence, coincidental, coincidently
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was likely not coincidental that the essay appeared on September 11th.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
All but one of those rebels are Democratic, which is not coincidental.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
"I do not believe this was coincidental or unintended."
Reuters(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: adj. 巧合的，同时发生的
分布：巧合的(100%)
→来自coincide, 同时发生。
US [koʊˌɪnt.sɪ'den.tˌəl] adjective
■happening by coincidence 碰巧的；巧合的；同时发生的
adj. 巧合的；符合的；暗合的；一致的
 - united, consistent, corresponding, solid, matching

Word: gazebo
Front: gazebo
[gəˈzi:bəʊ] (18303/29311)
Back: n. 眺望台，露台
分布：露台(61%)，眺望台(39%)
→gaze, 凝视，眺望。-bo, 拉丁语将来时，词源同be.
US [-boʊ] (plural gazebos)
noun countable
■a small decorated building, usually in a garden, giving a good view of the surrounding countryside （通常指花园中的）凉亭，观景亭；眺台
n. 露台，眺望台
 - patio

Word: mutilated
Front: mutilated
[m'ju:tɪleɪtɪd] (18149/15340)
Vocabulary: mutilated
(once / 1736 pages)
adj
If you describe something as mutilated, it has been disfigured or maimed. After a disaster, it can sometimes be hard to identify the mutilated bodies.
The adjective mutilated is a gory word that's good for describing maimed or injured bodies. When something's mutilated, it's often harmed in such a way that it's no longer recognizable. A mutilated face might be cut so badly that you can't identify who it belongs to, and a mutilated arm could be crushed so terribly that it no longer looks like an arm. The Latin root mutilare literally means "with a part cut off."
WORD FAMILY
mutilated: unmutilated+/ mutilate: mutilated, mutilates, mutilating, mutilation, mutilator/mutilation: mutilations/mutilator: mutilators
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s “Van Gogh’s Ear,” and its focus is the night in December 1888 when Vincent van Gogh apparently mutilated himself.
New York Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Photographs that later circulated online showed the mutilated body of what appeared to be the same man being dragged along a street.
New York Times(Dec 06, 2016)
India had earlier vowed to avenge the killing of three soldiers, one of whose bodies it said had been mutilated.
BBC(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: v. 严重残害…的身体，使残缺不全，肢解( mutilate的过去式和过去分词 )
分布：使残缺不全(58%)，毁坏(42%)
VERB
使残缺不全;使受到严重损伤
If a person or animal is mutilated, their body is severely damaged, usually by someone who physically attacks them.
例：More than 30 horses have been mutilated in the last nine months...在过去9个月里，超过30匹马受了重伤。
例：He tortured and mutilated six young men...他严刑拷问了6名年轻男子。
VERB
(故意)毁坏，破坏
If something is mutilated, it is deliberately damaged or spoiled.
例：Brecht's verdict was that his screenplay had been mutilated...布雷赫特的结论是他的电影剧本已被窜改。
例：I discovered a mutilated cassette stuffed in a wastebasket.我发现一盘被弄坏的盒式磁带丢在废纸篓里。
adj. 残缺的；破坏的
 - destructive, caritive
v. 切断；使残废（mutilate的过去分词）
 - maimed

Word: puncture
Front: puncture
[ˈpʌŋktʃə(r)] (托雅宝 14757/13811 -1)
Vocabulary: puncture
(once / 2567 pages)
vn
When you puncture something, you make a hole in it. Stick a pin in a balloon and you'll not only make kids cry, you'll also puncture the balloon.
Use the verb puncture to describe poking a sharp object into something. You can call the hole you've made a puncture as well: get a big enough puncture in your car tire and you'll need to call for help. In Latin, punctus means "to prick or pierce." The hardest thing about puncture is knowing how to spell it — remember that there's a c in the middle, and you'll probably get it right.
WORD FAMILY
puncture: puncturable, punctured, punctureless, punctures, puncturing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Another possible tactic might be to puncture Putin’s domestic image of invincibility.
Slate(Dec 30, 2016)
Once the aura of the czar was punctured, though, revolution became inevitable.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
She used her moments in the spotlight to puncture the fixed ideas of Hollywood.
Time(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 刺，戳; 贬低，削弱; 揭穿
vi. （指轮胎等）被刺穿
n. 刺痕; （车胎等的）刺孔
时态：punctured, puncturing, punctures
分布：刺穿(66%)，刺孔(23%)，削弱(11%)
→来自拉丁语punctum,点，刺点，来自pungere,刺，击，词源同pungent,point.引申词义小孔，小洞。
穿孔,刺穿(punct+ure→点[进去]→刺穿)[point,punct=point,make sharp,表示"点,变尖"]
US [-tʃɚ] noun countable
■a small hole made by a sharp object, especially in a tyre （尤指轮胎上被尖物刺出的）小孔
• My bike has had two punctures in the last three weeks. 在过去的三周里我的脚踏车被扎了两个小洞。
• I (= My car tyre) had a puncture when I was driving back from Keele. 我从基尔开车回来时轮胎被扎了个洞。
• She had a puncture wound in her arm, from a wasp sting. 她的手臂被黄蜂蜇伤了。
UK ['pʌŋk.tʃər] US [-tʃɚ] verb
intransitive or transitive
■to make a small hole in something, or to get a small hole in something （被）刺穿，（被）戳破
• She had used a screwdriver to puncture two holes in the lid of a paint tin. 她用螺丝起子在颜料罐的盖子上戳了两个洞。
• The knife went through his ribs and punctured his lung. 刀子穿过他的肋骨刺穿了他的肺。
transitive
■to suddenly make someone less confident or positive 使突然泄气；挫伤（锐气）
• My positive mood was rather punctured by the news. 这个消息使我的好心情大大受挫。
vt. 刺穿；揭穿；削弱
 - break, cut through

Word: vengeful
Front: vengeful
[ˈvendʒfl] (宝 18155/20123)
Vocabulary: vengeful
(once / 3829 pages)
adj
Hope that there's no one out there who has vengeful feelings toward you, or wants to get back at you for something that you've done to them. A vengeful person is out for revenge.
You might have noticed that the words vengeful and revenge look somewhat similar. That's because their meanings are. The word vengeful is used to describe the feelings of revenge someone has toward another person or group who has done them wrong in the past. Think about Hamlet or Ben-Hur — those dudes were certainly vengeful.
WORD FAMILY
vengeful: vengefully, vengefulness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The tiger’s vengeful mother, in a failed search for her cub, kills the journalist, and then commandos are called in to pursue the tigress.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
But in the ultraconservative country, the limelight also brought threats, sending her into hiding from insurgents and vengeful relatives.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 24, 2016)
“I fear they will be more vengeful,” Abdulkarim told The Associated Press.
Washington Times(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: adj. 报复心驱使的，图谋报复的; 渴望复仇的/报复的
分布：报复的(62%)，复仇心重的(38%)
复仇心重(vengge+ful→充满惩罚的心的→复仇心重的)[venge=punish,表示"惩罚",引申为"报仇"]
['vendʒ.fəl] formal
adjective
■expressing a strong wish to punish someone who has harmed you or your family or friends 图谋报复的；意图复仇的
• She sprayed red paint all over his car in one last vengeful act before leaving him for good. 在彻底离开他之前，她用红漆涂花了他的车作为最后的报复。
adj. 复仇的，报复的；复仇心重的
 - retaliatory, avenging

Word: reticence
Front: reticence
['retɪsns] (托 18151/18741)
Vocabulary: reticence
(once / 2377 pages)
n
Reticence is a kind of reserve, wanting to avoid communication and not wanting to offer any more information than is necessary.
Reticence is a noun originating from the Latin word reticent, meaning “remaining silent.” Someone charged with a crime might be instructed by their lawyer to show reticence when being questioned by police. As a child, reticence saved you from getting in trouble when mom asked who ate all the cookies from the jar.
WORD FAMILY
reticence: reticences+/ reticent: reticence, reticently
USAGE EXAMPLES
My reticence was borne in part from how my increasing visibility on the campaign trail was met by a faction of readers.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
The reticence is mirrored in public views of the GOP repeal campaign.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Its general manager pushed aside a personal reticence that accompanies the idea of trading high-end prospects.
Washington Times(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: n. 不轻易暴露想法或感情; 沉默; 不爱说话; 含蓄
分布：沉默(79%)，谨慎(13%)，无言(8%)
ADJ-GRADED
沉默寡言的;不与人交谈的
Someone who is reticent does not tell people about things.
例：She is so reticent about her achievements...她对自己的成就缄口不言。
例：Mrs. Smith, normally a reticent woman, took it upon herself to write to the President.通常都很沉默的史密斯夫人决定自己给总统写信。
n. 沉默寡言
 - taciturnity

Word: sprained
Front: sprained
[spreɪnd] (18283/36117)
Back: v. 扭伤（关节）( sprain的过去式和过去分词 )
分布：扭伤(100%)
VERB
扭;扭伤
If you sprain a joint such as your ankle or wrist, you accidentally damage it by twisting it or bending it violently.
例：He fell and sprained his ankle.他摔了一跤，扭伤了脚踝。
N-COUNT
扭伤
A sprain is the injury caused by spraining a joint.

Word: bayou
Front: bayou
[ˈbaɪu:] (16111/-)
Vocabulary: bayou
(once / 3563 pages)
n
Imagine a large, sluggish, often stagnant body of water and you are probably thinking about a bayou, a marshy inlet or outlet of a lake or river. Perhaps the most famous bayou in the United States is found in Louisiana.
The term bayou is a true Americanism, most probably evolving in the early 19th Century from the Choctaw word bayuk, meaning "small stream," and making its way into the Louisiana French language. There is a culture specific to the Gulf of Mexico bayou areas from Texas to Florida, a mingling of the early Arcadian settlers, known as "Cajuns," and the Creole culture. The bayou is a fragile ecosystem that is threatened by pollutants and environmental disasters, such as oil spills.
WORD FAMILY
bayou: bayous
USAGE EXAMPLES
Trout are fair while drifting deep bayous in the marsh.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
His point, rather, is that empathy is untempered by reason, emanating from the murky bayou of the gut.
New York Times(Dec 06, 2016)
Then in 1904, the state dammed up the bayou - not far north of the railroad tracks - with plans to put locks there.
Washington Times(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: n. 小海湾; 支流; 河口; （美国南部水流缓慢、多水草的）河道支流
分布：河口(43%)，支流(38%)，海湾(19%)
→来自北美北著语。
noun countable
■(in the southern US) an area of slowly moving water away from the main river （美国南部的）牛轭湖，水流缓慢的小河
n. 河口；海湾；支流
 - bay, gulf, branch, estuary, kuala

Word: quarterfinal
Front: quarterfinal
[kwɔ:tə'faɪnl] (18112/-)
Back: n. 四分之一决赛
分布：四分之一决赛(79%)，四分之一决赛的(21%)
US [ˌkwɑ:.tˌɚ-] noun countable
■any of the four games in a competition that decides which players or teams will play in the two semi-finals 四分之一决赛，半决赛前的比赛

Word: demote
Front: demote
[ˌdi:ˈməʊt] (宝 18146/20150 -1)
Vocabulary: demote
(once / 10442 pages)
v
To demote someone is to move them into a less important job. Your coffee shop boss might demote you to wiping tables if your attempts to froth milk and pull espresso shots continuously fail.
When your employer demotes you, she assigns you an easier task or even an entirely new, lower-ranked position. You may even earn less money. In the military, to demote is to move a soldier down in rank, usually as a punishment. The opposite of demote is promote, which came first. The prefix de- gives the word a sense of "down" or "down from."
WORD FAMILY
demote: demoted, demotes, demoting, demotion +/ demotion: demotions
USAGE EXAMPLES
He was demoted to Class AAA Syracuse on July 4 with a .225 batting average and 64 strikeouts in 203 plate appearances.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Accordingly, Wonder Woman was demoted from superhero to babysitter and fashion model.
Time(Dec 19, 2016)
If these high priests declare a story fake, it will be denoted as “Disputed by 3rd Party Fact-Checkers” and perhaps demoted in a news feed.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: vt. 使降级，使降职
时态：demoted, demoting, demotes
分布：降级(72%)，降职(28%)
→de-, 向下。-mot, 移动，词源同motive, promote. 即向下移动，降职。
使降级(de向下+mote→向下动→降级)[mot=move,表示"动"]
【记】de向下，mote动一向下动一降级
【参】promote（vt 促进；提升）；commotion（n 骚动；暴乱）
US [-'moʊt] verb transitive
■to lower someone or something in rank or position 使降职，使降级
• The captain was demoted (to sergeant) for failing to fulfil his duties. 上尉因为没有完成任务被降职（为中士）。
Opposite promote
vt. 使降级；使降职
 - disrate

Word: timbre
Front: timbre
[ˈtæmbə(r)] (宝 18312/25063)
Vocabulary: timbre
(once / 10563 pages)
n
Timbre is a word that describes the tone or unique quality of a sound. If you play the same note on a piano and on a guitar, each note will have its own timbre.
Though an electric saw has its own timbre, as does the sound of a tree whooshing through the air, don't confuse timbre with "Timber!" the word you shout when chopping down trees. Timbre comes from the Greek word that means drum. Timber stems from an Old English word for building materials.
WORD FAMILY
timbre: timbres
USAGE EXAMPLES
And it’s no small praise to note how often on this disc Fagioli brought Marilyn Horne’s distinctive timbre to mind.
Washington Post(Dec 08, 2016)
The greatest challenges fell to tenor Robert Murray, who sang Gerontius with beautiful timbre, expressive depth, and immaculate diction.
Seattle Times(Dec 02, 2016)
Mr. Rhys-Davies’ deep Welsh timbres are instantly recognizable without his face ever being seen.
Washington Times(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: n. 音色，音品
分布：音色(74%)，音质(26%)
→来自法语 timbre,音质，音色，来自古法语 timbre,小鼓，没有铃舌的钟，用手拍打发声的钟， 来自拉丁语 tympanum,鼓，来自 typtein,敲打，拍打，词源同 type,timpani,tympanum.
US [-bɚ] noun uncountable specialized
■a quality of sound which makes voices or musical instruments different from each other 音质，音品，音色
• He has a wonderful singing voice, with a rich timbre and resonant tone. 他的歌声真好听——音色饱满，声音洪亮。
n. [声] 音色；音质；音品
 - tone, tamber

Word: old-school

Word: capitulate
Front: capitulate
[kəˈpɪtʃuleɪt] (宝 18153/18449 -1)
Vocabulary: capitulate
(once / 999 pages)
v
Capitulate means to give in to something. "The teachers didn't want to have class outside, but the students begged so hard, she capitulated."
Because capitulate relates to the military, and Romans were all about their military, Latin has a lot to say about this word. In Latin, caput means head, capitulum little head. Think with this word how, at the end of a battle, someone bows their head in defeat, and often that is when heads roll.
WORD FAMILY
capitulate: capitulated, capitulates, capitulating, capitulation, recapitulate +/ capitulation: capitulations/ recapitulate: recapitulated, recapitulates, recapitulating, recapitulation / recapitulation: recapitulations
USAGE EXAMPLES
After a week of negotiations, the British finally capitulated.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
After years of rock-bottom rates, many bank analysts “capitulated” this year and started penciling in no further rate increases by the Fed, Ms. Moore said.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 14, 2016)
The Wake County Public School System capitulated to the FFRF’s demands, barring student choirs from further participation in the celebration, The News & Observer reported Tuesday.
Washington Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: vi. 认输，屈服; 屈从，停止反抗; 有条件投降; 让步
时态：capitulated, capitulating, capitulates
分布：有条件投降(100%)
→来自capitulation的回构词，原指协议，条款，来自词根cap, 头。-ul, 小词后缀。指小头，一条一条的条款，后指有条件投降，比较chapter。
(有条件)投降(capit+ulate表示动词→头低下→投降)[cap,cipit=head,表示"头"]
【记】cap头－低头－投降cap抓，it他，late晚－抓他已经晚了－因为他已经投降了。Capitulate需要capital（n 资金）\
【反】resist（vt 抵抗）；oppose（v 抗争）
verb intransitive
■to accept military defeat 投降；屈服；停止抵抗
• Their forces capitulated five hours after the Allied bombardment of the city began. 在盟军对该市进行了五个小时的轰炸后，他们的军队投降了。
■to accept something or agree to do something unwillingly 被迫接受；被迫同意；让步
• The sports minister today capitulated to calls for his resignation. 体育部长今天被迫接受了要他辞职的要求。
vi. 认输，屈服；屈从，停止反抗；有条件投降；让步
 - throw in the towel, say uncle

Word: stag
Front: stag
[stæg] (18259/10351 -1)
Vocabulary: stag
(once / 1292 pages)
nv
A stag is another word for a buck, or a male deer. If you spot a family of deer in the woods, the stag is the one with the largest antlers.
There are different terms for male deer, depending on the species, and stag usually describes the largest types of deer. Stags are also commonly seen in paintings of deer hunts. Another way to use the word stag is as a verb meaning "go without a date," especially to a formal party or dance. In the mid-1800's, a "stag party" was a group made up only of men, a term that came to mean a bachelor party.
WORD FAMILY
stag: stagged, stagging, stags
USAGE EXAMPLES
The officer watched it pull to a stop at the dead end of Stags Leap Court.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
I was on a stag weekend in Tallinn.
The Guardian(Dec 18, 2016)
It’s the ninth time the Stags finished atop The Post’s rankings.
Washington Post(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. 成年牡鹿; 阉过的雄畜[牛，猪]; [商]非会员股票经纪人; 非真心投资，遇有利机会即行出售股票的认股者
vi. 不带女伴参加晚会; [商]〈俚〉买进新股（等）见利即抛; 〈英〉监视，盯梢，告发; 截短长裤
adj. 全是男人（集会等）的; 无异性伴侣的
时态：stagged, stagging, stags
分布：雄鹿(65%)，只身参加舞会(7%)，不带异性伴侣参加的聚会者(7%)，只准男子参加的(7%)，只限男士参加的聚会(7%)，色情的(7%)
→来自古英语 stagga,雄鹿，来自 Proto-Germanic*staggijo,雄鹿，豪猪，来自 stegh,刺，插， 词源同 stick,sting.
noun countable
ANIMAL 动物 (plural stags or stag)
■an adult male deer 成年雄鹿
[stæg] noun countable
PERSON 人 (plural stags) UK a person who buys shares in a company which is being sold to the public with the intention of selling them immediately for profit 短线炒股者，短线客
[stæg] noun countable
go stag mainly US
■If a man goes stag to an event, he goes without a partner. （男子参加社交活动时）不带女伴
[stæg] verb intransitive or transitive (-gg-) UK to buy shares in a company which is being sold to the public with the intention of selling them immediately for profit 新股套利者（购买向公众出售的公司股票，目的是立即卖出以获取利润）

Word: wiretap
Front: wiretap
['waɪətæp] (宝 18310/-)
Back: v. 搭线窃听，窃听或偷录
n. 窃听或偷录，窃听情报，窃听装置
时态：wiretapped, wiretapping, wiretaps
分布：窃听(48%)，窃听装置(26%)，窃听或偷录(26%)
VERB
搭线窃听(电话)
If someone wiretaps your telephone, they attach a special device to the line so that they can secretly listen to your conversations.
例：The coach said his club had wiretapped the hotel room of a player during a road trip.教练说他的俱乐部曾经窃听了一名开车旅行的运动员所住宾馆房间的电话。
n. 窃听；窃听装置
 - interception
vi. （搭线）窃听
 - listen in on

Word: repulse
Front: repulse
[rɪˈpʌls] (托宝 18145/19969)
Vocabulary: repulse
(once / 609 pages)
1vn 2v
To repulse something is to repel it or drive it back. When you repulse your sister, you disgust her. When you repulse the enemy in battle or someone in conversation, you force them back or make them turn away.
Repulse is related to the word repel, and they mean similar things: to repulse an advance — romantic or warring — is to repel, or fend off, its advance. To repulse someone by being disgusting is to be repellent. You could repulse a person's attempts at conversation if you repulse him by picking your nose. Repulse is now most frequently used in the gross-out sense, but Jane Austin often had her characters repulse each others’ attempts at conversation or civility.
WORD FAMILY
repulse: repulsed, repulses, repulsing, repulsion +/ repulsion: repulsions
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s salutary to read just how many visitors were repulsed by the dire poverty and moral turpitude they encountered.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
I quickly grabbed my sheet and flicked it, repulsed that the roach was in my sheet.
The New Yorker(Dec 28, 2016)
And as much as you or I may be repulsed by it, that type of freedom of political expression should never be abridged.
Seattle Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 击退; 驳斥; 拒绝
n. 击败
时态：repulsed, repulsing, repulses
分布：击退(65%)，拒绝(35%)
→来自 repel,击退，打挎。-s,过去分词格。引申词义厌恶，反感。
打退,击退(re反+pulse;动词：repel)[pel,puls=drive,push,表示"驱动,推"]
【记】re反，pulse推－反推出去－击退；反感
【反】captivate（v 迷住）；entrance（v 使入神）；court（v 追求）－repulse intentionally（有意反感）
verb formal
PUSH AWAY 推开
transitive
■to push away or refuse something or someone unwanted, especially to successfully stop a physical attack against you 赶走，驱逐；击退（尤指进攻）；拒绝，拒绝接受
• The enemy attack was quickly repulsed. 敌人的进攻很快被击退了。
[rɪ'pʌls] verb formal
DISLIKE 不喜欢
transitive often passive
■If something repulses you, it causes you to have a strong feeling of dislike, disapproval or disgust 令人厌恶；使人反感
• The tourists were repulsed by the filthy conditions. 游客们对肮脏不堪的环境感到厌恶。
[rɪ'pʌls] noun [S or U] formal or old-fashioned
■when someone or something unwanted is pushed away or refused 击退；败退；拒绝
vt. 拒绝；驱逐；憎恶
 - refuse, negative
n. 拒绝；击退
 - rejection, refusal

Word: bleeding
Front: bleeding
[ˈbli:dɪŋ] (6907/7190)
Back: adj. 出血的; （心情）过度悲痛的; （用于加强语气，尤表示非常厌烦）该死的; 讨厌的
n. 流血，失血
v. 流血( bleed的现在分词 ); 勒索，敲诈; 散开; 给（某人）放血
分布：流血(61%)，出血的(34%)，非常的(3%)，悲痛的(1%)，动词bleed的现在分词.(1%)
UK slang
adjective [before noun]
■used when you are annoyed with something 该死的（用于你对某事不耐烦）
• I can't get the bleeding car to start! 我无法启动这该死的汽车！
n. [病理] 出血； [涂料] [纺] 渗色
 - haemorrhage, hemorrhage
adj. [医] 流血的；同情的
 - bloodiest, commiserative
v. [病理] 出血；渗出（bleed的ing形式）；感到疼痛
 - oozing

Word: bandage
Front: bandage
[ˈbændɪdʒ] (高研六雅宝 9428/10433 -K1)
Vocabulary: bandage
(once / 670 pages)
nv
A bandage is a piece of tape or cloth that's used to slow the flow of blood from a cut or another wound. Any good first aid kit is equipped with plenty of bandages.
A bandage can vary from being a tiny plastic strip you stick on the spot where your cat scratched you to a thick, wide cloth that's applied to a serious injury at a hospital. You can also use it as a verb: "If I were you, I'd bandage that skinned knee so it doesn't get dirty." Bandage is a Middle French word, from the Old French bander, "to bind," and ultimately bande, "a strip."
WORD FAMILY
bandage: bandaged, bandages, bandaging+/bandaging: bandagings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Also, some casinos want to start online gambling sites and lawmakers want to squeeze more money from gambling to bandage the state’s deficit-ridden finances.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
“I miss school,” said the slender Abdul-Hameed as a nurse changed his bandages — minutes before he heard of his father’s death.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
I found a doctor in the camp who bandaged it.
The Guardian(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: n. 绷带
vt. 用绷带绑扎
时态：bandaged, bandaging, bandages
分布：绷带(90%)，用绷带包扎(10%)
n.绷带v.用绷带扎缚The surgeon bandages up his injured leg.外科医生把他受伤的腿扎起来.
noun countable or uncountable (US also gauze)
 ADVANCED
■a long narrow piece of cloth which is tied around an injury or a part of someone's body that has been hurt 绷带
['bæn.dɪdʒ] verb transitive
■to tie a bandage around an injury or part of someone's body, or put bandages on someone or something 用绷带包扎（伤口或某人的身体部位）
• You ought to bandage (up) that cut. 你应该用绷带把伤口包扎起来。
• the dog's bandaged paw 小狗的爪扎着绷带
n. [医] 绷带
 - fascia, ligature

Word: sorbet
Front: sorbet
[ˈsɔ:beɪ] (18299/33981)
Vocabulary: sorbet
(once / 49454 pages)
n
Sorbet is a mushy mix of ice and juice that's eaten as a dessert. Sorbet is especially delicious in summer.
Sorbet is a sweet, frozen treat. Unlike ice cream or gelato, it doesn't contain milk or cream, though a well-made sorbet can have a deliciously creamy texture. Sorbet is a French word, and it's pronounced that way too, with a silent t. It comes from the Italian sorbetto, with its roots in the Turkish serbet, which makes clear the relationship between sorbet and its close relative, sherbet.
WORD FAMILY
sorbet: sorbets
USAGE EXAMPLES
He got an apple cake and I got the strawberry sorbet.
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
Erven substitutes a coconut sorbet and pushes the direction of the dish toward Bangkok with tangy tamarind Sriracha and a handful of Thai herbs.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 02, 2016)
Menu highlights include roasted kabocha squash soup, turkey breast with brioche truffle stuffing, and for dessert, vanilla-poached cranberries and applesauce sorbet.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 16, 2016)
Back: n. 果汁冰糕
分布：果汁冰糕(100%)
→来自法语 sorbet,来自意大利语 sorbetto,来自土耳其语 serbet,吸，饮，词源同 sherbet,冰糕。
US [sɔ:r'beɪ] (US also sherbet)
noun countable or uncountable
■a frozen food made from fruit juice, water and sugar （用果汁、水和糖调制的）冰沙，雪糕
• lemon sorbet 柠檬口味雪糕
n. [食品] 果汁冰糕；冰冻果子露；加果汁的冰水
 - sherbet

Word: drug
Front: drug
[drʌg] (中高研四六 461/963 -K5)
Vocabulary: drug
(once / 122 pages)
nv
A drug is a medicine. Before you travel to India, your doctor may prescribe a drug to protect you from getting malaria.
A substance that makes a change in your body is a drug. Most often, a drug is medicine prescribed by a doctor to protect a patient from illness, cure them, or relieve their pain. Drug also means an illegal substance taken simply for the way it makes the user feel. Drug is also a verb that describes both taking illegal drugs and giving someone a drug secretly, such as slipping it into their food or drink.
WORD FAMILY
drug: drugged, drugging, druggist, drugless, drugs+/drugging: druggings/druggist: druggists
USAGE EXAMPLES
The EpiPen inquiry also revealed potential errors in how the government classifies drugs.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
"This was another chapter in the silent and ruthless war of drug trafficking," state public security secretary, Sergio Fontes, told journalists.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Baseball officials refused to confront the problem for years, then became more aggressive than other pro leagues in policing the use of illicit drugs.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 药物; 药剂; 麻醉药; 毒品
vt. （在食物或饮料中）投放麻醉药，下麻醉药; 掺麻醉药于; 使服麻醉药; 使服毒品
vi. 使服麻醉药，用药麻醉，使服兴奋剂
时态：drugged, drugging, drugs
分布：药(78%)，毒品(19%)，使服麻醉药(2%)，使服毒品(1%)
→词源同dry, 干。原指干草药，香料等物品。俚语义毒品，麻醉药。
n.药物;麻醉品;毒品;滞销货v.下麻药;吸毒The drug trafficker is concerned about the condition of the traditional concert.毒品贩子担心传统音乐会的状况.
noun countable
MEDICINE 药
 ESSENTIAL
■any natural or artificially made chemical which is used as a medicine 药，药物，药品
• anti-cancer/fertility/pain-killing drugs 抗癌／避孕／止痛药
• a prescription drug 处方药
• drug therapy 药物治疗
• He takes several drugs for his condition. 为了治病他要吃好几种药。
[drʌg] noun countable
ILLEGAL SUBSTANCE 非法物质
 ESSENTIAL
■any natural or artificially made chemical which is taken for pleasure, to improve someone's performance of an activity, or because a person cannot stop using it 毒品；兴奋剂
• illegal drugs 非法毒品
• a drug addict 吸毒成瘾者，瘾君子
• drug addiction/abuse 毒瘾／滥用毒品
• She began to suspect that her son was on/taking/doing drugs. 她开始怀疑儿子在吸毒。
• She was suspected of being a drug dealer / UK alsodrugs dealer (= someone who sells drugs). 她被怀疑是毒品贩子。
• His son died of a drug] UK alsodrugs overdose. 他的儿子因吸毒过量而死亡。
■any activity that you cannot stop doing 成瘾之事
• Work is a drug for him. 他是个工作狂。
[drʌg] verb transitive (-gg-)
■to give someone or something a chemical which causes a loss of feeling or unconsciousness 用药麻醉，对…施用麻醉剂
• The killer confessed that he often drugged his victims before he killed them. 那名杀手供认在杀人之前他通常对受害者使用麻醉剂。
• She was heavily drugged to ease the pain. 给她打了大量的麻醉剂来缓解疼痛。
• informal We visited her in hospital but she was drugged to the eyeballs (= had been given a lot of drugs) and I don't think she even knew we were there. 我们去医院看她时她已经打了大量的麻醉药，我想她都不知道我们去看过她。
medication, remedy, chemical, medicine, cure, drug
这组词都有“药”的意思，其区别是：
medication: 指医生开给病人用的一切药物，从最简单的阿斯匹林到最复杂的药物。
remedy: 普通用词，侧重指对恢复健康有效的药品或治疗方法。
chemical: 多指工业或化学中的药品，有时也指医药中的药品。
medicine: 普通用词，可指药物的总称，也指一切有利于健康的东西。
cure: 比remedy更强调使身体恢复健康的疗法或良药。
drug: 普通用词，含义广泛，可指任何用于预防或治疗肉体上或精神上疾病的药品。用复数形式，多指毒品。
n. [药] 药；毒品；麻醉药；滞销货
 - medicine, pharmacon
vi. 吸毒
 - hit the pipe, hop up

Word: cobweb
Front: cobweb
[ˈkɒbweb] (18317/15461)
Vocabulary: cobweb
(once / 2259 pages)
n
A cobweb is the net of sticky threads that a spider weaves to catch insects. You can also call a cobweb a spider's web.
A cobweb is any spider's web, although some people use it to specify the dense, tangled type of web that certain spiders weave, or to mean a dusty old web, like the ones you might see in your grandparents' attic. Cobweb can also describe some intricate or complicated things: "She got lost in the cobweb of unfamiliar subway lines in the city." It comes from the Old English coppeweb, from the now-obsolete coppe, "spider."
WORD FAMILY
cobweb: cobwebby, cobwebs
USAGE EXAMPLES
After shaking off the cobwebs, Romo returned to the bench, replaced by Mark Sanchez on the next drive.
Reuters(Jan 01, 2017)
To restrain Burr, Hamilton wrote Morris, would be “to bind a Giant by a cobweb.”
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
I'm still kind of shaking the cobwebs and dust off from those five years.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 蜘蛛网
分布：蜘蛛网(57%)，蛛丝(38%)，混乱(5%)
→cob, 词源同cap, 头，帽子，此处指蜘蛛。web, 网。
US ['kɑ:b-] noun countable
■a structure like a net of sticky silk threads made by a spider for catching insects 蜘蛛网
n. 蜘蛛网；蛛丝；圈套
 - mesh, trap
vt. 使布满蛛网；使混乱
 - cloud, confuse

Word: illogical
Front: illogical
[ɪˈlɒdʒɪkl] (18157/13799 -1)
Vocabulary: illogical
(once / 3429 pages)
adj
When there's no good reason or explanation for something, don't fret; chances are it's illogical — meaning that it has no rational explanation behind it.
The word logic has origins in the Greek root logos meaning "reason, idea, or word." But slap the prefix il- in front of it, and suddenly the word reverses its meaning. Illogical? Check out other words with the same prefix, like illegitimate and illegal, and you'll quickly see that the prefixil- in front of a word starting in "l" means "not." Suddenly the meaning of illogical isn't quite so illogical after all, is it?
WORD FAMILY
illogical: illogicality, illogically, illogicalness+/illogic: illogics/illogicality: illogicalities/ logic: illogic, logical, logician, logicism, logics, logistician/ logical: illogical, logicality, logically, logicalness, unlogical/ logician: logicians/logistician: logisticians
USAGE EXAMPLES
Our illogical, enduring fascination with play remains one of life’s great mysteries.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
The argument against their enshrinement was always too simplistic and naive for my liking, not to mention arbitrary and illogical.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
‘It was kind of illogical for the state to provide resources to a network of supermarkets.’
Wall Street Journal(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: adj. 不合逻辑的; 无意义的
分布：不合逻辑的(80%)，不合理的(20%)
→il-,不，非，logical,合逻辑的。
不合逻辑的(il+logical逻辑的)[il-,ir-①放在同辅音词根前表示"不,无"②表示"使…成为,进入"]
US [-'lɑ:.dʒɪ-] adjective
■not reasonable, wise or practical, usually because directed by the emotions rather than by careful thought 不合逻辑的，无缘由的；不明智的
• It is an illogical statement, because if one part is true, then the other must be false. 这个说法不合逻辑，因为如果一部分是对的，那么另一部分肯定是错的。
illegal, improbable, illogical, improper
illegal: 非法的
improbable: 不大可能发生的
illogical: 不符合逻辑的
improper: 不适当的
adj. [计] 不合逻辑的；不合常理的
 - incoherent

Word: jockey
Front: jockey
[ˈdʒɒki] (宝 9512/5884 -2)
Vocabulary: jockey
(once / 1216 pages)
1nv 2v
During a horse race, the riders are called jockeys. Being a jockey is an excellent career choice for someone small.
Jockeys, usually male, are always small people, weighing less than 120 pounds and generally standing no more than five feet five inches tall. This keeps the horses' total weight light, allowing them to run faster. When jockey is used as a verb, it means "to struggle or compete," like when politicians jockey for dominance or kids jockey to be the first in line for a bouncy house. Jockey was originally a Scottish word for "boy."
WORD FAMILY
jockey: jockeyed, jockeying, jockeys
USAGE EXAMPLES
“He got knocked around a little bit leaving the chute, then after that it was hard to catch them,” jockey Mike Smith said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 26, 2016)
As the NFL season enters the homestretch this holiday weekend, several teams will jockey for playoff position while others will seek comfort in consolation prizes.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Entrepreneurs are jockeying to be the Shake Shack of Chinese dumplings, of vegan food, of Lebanese flatbread, of Japanese ramen noodles, of artisanal fried chicken.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 赛马骑师; 驾驶员; 操作者; 〈英〉小伙子，下属，帮手
vt. 驾驶，操作; 欺骗，欺诈; 骑马，驾驭
vi. 在马赛中骑马; 运用手段谋利; 耍花招
时态：jockeyed, jockeying, jockeys
分布：驾驶员(35%)，骑马(17%)，运用手段谋利(11%)，操作工(11%)，赛马的骑师(11%)，当骑士骑马(5%)，瞒骗(5%)，骗人使做 ...(5%)
→来自常见人名Jock昵称，用来称呼普通人或不认识的小伙。后用于指骑马送信的信使，引申词义赛马骑师，同时，也用于指马匹交易商，即horse-dealer,因这一职业存在许多欺骗行为，干这一行的人名声通常都不太好，引申词义欺诈，耍花招等。
【记】jockey＝joy＋key，主要是为了娱乐－职业赛马骑师Jockey是乔基男性三角裤的商标名，被职业赛马骑师广为采用。
US ['dʒɑ:.ki] noun countable
■a person whose job is riding horses in races 职业赛马骑师
• a champion jockey 职业赛马冠军骑师
UK ['dʒɒk.i] US ['dʒɑ:.ki] verb intransitive
■to attempt to get power or get into a better position than other people using any methods you can 运用各种手段谋利
• Since the death of the president, opposition parties and the army have been jockeying for power. 总统死后各反对党和军队一直在争权夺利。
• As the singer came on stage, the photographers jockeyed for position at the front of the hall. 歌手一上台，摄影师就在音乐厅前方争抢位置。
UK ['dʒɒk.i] US ['dʒɑ:.ki] verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  jockey sb into sth
■to persuade someone to do what you want, often by deceiving them in a clever way 诱骗（某人）做…
• [+ -ing verb] The bosses were eventually jockeyed into signing the union agreement. 多名老板最终被哄骗在工会协议上签字。
vt. 驾驶；欺骗；移动
 - sell, drive, fox
n. 操作工；驾驶员；赛马的骑师
 - driver, navigator

Word: botched
Front: botched
[bɔtʃt] (18154/34268)
Back: v. 修补( botch的过去式和过去分词 ); 搞坏，搞砸，笨拙地做
分布：拙笨地修补(40%)，难看的补缀(30%)，糟蹋(20%)，拙笨的修补(10%)
US [bɑ:tʃt/ (UK also bodged)
adjective
■describes something, usually a job, that is done badly （尤指工作）一团糟的
• Our landlord redecorated the bedroom, but it was such a botched job that we decided to redo it. 我们的房东重新装修了卧房，但装修得太糟糕了，我们决定自己重新弄。
• Thousands of women are infertile as a result of botched abortions. 成千上万的女性因拙劣的堕胎手术而无法生育。

Word: heed
Front: heed
[hi:d] (托宝 9134/11168 -1)
Vocabulary: heed
(once / 202 pages)
nv
Heed is an old word, meaning to listen to and follow. It can also be used as a noun: "Take heed of my instructions, little boy," said the old bearded man. "My potion will only work for the one who wears the ring."
The most common use of heed is with warnings. The word derives from Old English hēdan and is related to the Dutch hoeden and German hüten––from Germanic cultures where fairy tales with mysterious warnings and magical consequences abound.
WORD FAMILY
heed: heeded, heedful, heeding, heedless, heeds+/heeded: unheeded/heedful: heedfully, heedfulness/heeding: unheeding/ heedless: heedlessest, heedlessly, heedlessness/heedlessness: heedlessnesses/unheeded: unheededly/unheeding: unheedingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
But why should Trump now heed a political movement that was unable to stop him?
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Amazingly, people move in an orderly fashion as they heed arrows that guide them up and down stairs and along sidewalks.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Experts, nevertheless, say the figures tell a story about people’s movement across state and city lines — what demographers call “domestic migration” — that is worth heeding.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: vt. 注意，留心
n. 留心，注意，听从
v. 嘻笑（ te-hee的过去式）
时态：heeded, heeding, heeds
分布：注意(70%)，留心(30%)
→来自kadh,躲避，保护，词源同hat,hood.引申词义注意，留心。
【记】把ee看成两个黑暗中注意的眼睛。
[hi:d] formal
verb transitive
■to pay attention to something, especially advice or a warning 注意，听从（尤指建议或警告）
• The airline has been criticized for failing to heed advice/warnings about lack of safety routines. 该航空公司因没有理会针对其日常安全工作不力所提出的建议／警告而受到批评。
[hi:d] formal
noun uncountable
■attention 注意，关注
• The company took no heed of (= did not consider) public opposition to the plans. 那家公司毫不在意大众对那些计划的反对。
vi. 注意，留心
 - take care of, mind you, be mindful of
vt. 注意，留心
 - watching, take care of, be mindful of, mind you

Word: sequin
Front: sequin
[ˈsi:kwɪn] (18150/23623)
Back: n. （衣服上的圆形）闪光装饰片
分布：作衣服饰物用之小金属片(60%)，金币(40%)
→来自法语 sequin,来自意大利语 zecchino,一种威尼斯金币，-ino,小词后缀，来自 zecca,铸币， 来自阿拉伯语 sikkah,制币模具。后引申词义闪光小金属圆片，因其金光闪闪而得名。
noun countable
■a small shiny metal or plastic disc sewn onto clothes for decoration （服装上作装饰用的）闪光亮片

Word: blacktop
Front: blacktop
[ˈblæktɒp] (18319/-)
Back: n. 沥青质原料，柏油路
分布：柏油路(63%)，沥青质原料(28%)，以柏油铺路(9%)
N-UNCOUNT
（铺路面用的）柏油碎石
Blacktop is a hard black substance which is used as a surface for roads.
例：...waves of heat rising from the blacktop.柏油碎石路面上升起的热浪
n. 柏油路；沥青质原料
 - bituminous macadam

Word: humanize
Front: humanize
[ˈhju:mənaɪz] (18160/38642)
Vocabulary: humanize
(once / 5182 pages)
v
To humanize is to make something friendlier to humans. Humanizing makes things more civilized, refined, and understandable. You need to humanize characters when you’re writing a story, so people will understand them.
To humanize is to make things more humane and easier for humans to relate to and appreciate. A biography of a murderer could humanize the murderer if it showed he had a terrible life growing up. A factory could be humanized if conditions are made less dangerous. In general, if you’re a human, to humanize something is a good thing. If you’re a robot, get your own word!
WORD FAMILY
humanize: dehumanize, humanization, humanized, humanizes, humanizing+/dehumanise: dehumanisation, dehumanised, dehumanising/dehumanize: dehumanization, dehumanized, dehumanizes, dehumanizing/ human: humanise, humanism, humanity, humanize, humanlike, humanly, humanness, humans, inhuman, nonhuman, subhuman, superhuman, unhuman/humanise: dehumanise, humanisation, humanised, humanises, humanising/ humanism: humanist, humanistic / humanist: humanists/ humanistic: humanistically/ humanitarian: humanitarianism, humanitarians/ humanity: humanitarian, humanities / inhuman: inhumanity, inhumanly/inhumanity: inhumanities/superhuman: superhumanly/unhuman: unhumanly
USAGE EXAMPLES
At the same time, the mountain served as a means to humanize Germany’s leader through his contact with animals as well as with children.
Salon(Dec 23, 2016)
The rest is left to Alec Baldwin: the puckered lips, a studied lumbering gait and a wariness of humanizing a man he reviles.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
This is about as “humanizing” as the depiction of the terrorists gets.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: v. 赋予人性; 使通人情; 变为有人性; 变为有情
时态：humanized, humanizing, humanizes
分布：赋予人性(48%)，使通人情(26%)，教化(26%)
→human-,人的，人性的，-ize,使。
(UK usually humanise) ['hju:.mə.naɪz] verb transitive
■to make something less unpleasant and more suitable for people 使…人性化（以求更让人舒服，更适合人）
• Steps are being taken to humanize the prison. 正采取措施使监狱更加人性化。
vt. 教化；赋予人性；使通人情
 - to teach, moralize

Word: unharmed
Front: unharmed
[ʌnˈhɑ:md] (18182/18904 -1)
Back: adj. 未受伤的，未受损害的; 平安无事的，无恙的
分布：没有受伤的(55%)，无恙的(45%)
US [-'hɑ:rmd] adjective [after verb]
■not hurt or damaged 未受伤的；未受损害的
• Both children escaped unharmed from the burning building. 两个孩子从着火的大楼里逃了出来，毫发未伤。
adj. 无恙的；没有受伤的
 - unhurt

Word: shanty
Front: shanty
[ˈʃænti] (雅宝 18013/19887 -1)
Back: n. 简陋的小木屋; 铁皮棚屋; 船工号子，船歌; 下等酒馆
分布：简陋小屋(84%)，=chantey(16%)
→来自加拿大法语 chantier,棚屋，特指伐木工的临时小木屋，来自法语 chantier,架子，来自拉 丁语 cantherius,椽，柱子，框架，词源同 gantry,龙门架，台架。shanty 水手号子，船歌
【记】shan山，ty：在小山上的房子－shanty
【参】shack（n 小屋）
US [-tˌi] noun countable
HOUSE 房子
■a small house, usually made from pieces of wood, metal or cardboard, in which poor people live, especially on the edge of a city （尤指城市边缘的）简陋小屋，棚屋
UK ['ʃæn.ti] US [-tˌi] noun countable
SONG 歌曲
■a song which sailors sang in the past while they were working on a ship （旧时水手在船上唱的）劳动曲调
n. （美）棚屋；下等酒馆；海员号子
 - whare, skillion

Word: mortify
Front: mortify
[ˈmɔ:tɪfaɪ] (宝 18139/21377)
Vocabulary: mortify
(once / 534 pages)
1v 2v 3v
To mortify someone is to cause them extreme embarrassment. Your mother may not have been trying to mortify you when she showed up at your senior prom with a bunch of unicorn balloons, but she did.
The root of the verb mortify is from the Latin word mors, which means “death.” To mortify something used to mean to destroy its life, but now mortify is mostly used when you feel so ashamed or embarrassed you “want to die.” To punish yourself through deprivation from food or another desire, you can mortify that compulsion, but it’s probably best to just mortify your parents by showing up at their work place with a new mohawk.
WORD FAMILY
mortify: mortification, mortified, mortifies, mortifying+/ mortification: mortifications, self-mortification / mortified: mortifiedly/mortifying: mortifyingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I was just mortified,” Ms. Tanden said in an interview.
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
I was mortified by ongoing drone attacks and upset by his administration’s surprising secrecy.
The Guardian(Dec 10, 2016)
Many of us remain mortified by our nation’s recent political choices.
The Guardian(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: vt. 使受辱; 伤害（人的感情）; 克制; 抑制（肉体、情感等）
vi. （指肌肤）变成坏疽
时态：mortified, mortifying, mortifies
分布：抑制(80%)，使 ... 受辱(20%)
→来自拉丁语mors,死亡，死的，词源同mortal,murder,-fy,使。即使死亡，使感觉要死的，比引申词义使羞愧。
使羞辱;屈辱(mort+ify→使人想死→羞辱[别人])[mort=death,表示"死"]
【记】mort死，ify－让人想尴尬的想死－使人屈辱
【参】mortuary（n 停尸房）
VERB
使丢面子;使窘迫;使羞愧
If you say that something mortifies you, you mean that it offends or embarrasses you a great deal.
例：Jane mortified her family by leaving her husband.简离开丈夫的做法使她的家庭蒙羞。
vt. 抑制；苦修；使…感屈辱
 - control, restrain, stay
vi. 禁欲；苦行；约束
 - hold in, hold oneself in

Word: awe
Front: awe
[ɔ:] (研托宝 7103/8655 -1)
Vocabulary: awe
(once / 261 pages)
nv
Awe is a feeling of fear that is mixed with respect and wonder. You might gaze at the Grand Canyon with awe, marveling at its beauty and fearing its depth.
Awe dates back to Middle English, and was borrowed from Old Norse, a Scandinavian language. In Middle English the word referred to intense fear. The related English word awful originally meant "full of or causing intense fear." And awesome, which originally meant "inspiring awe" now is used generally as a synonym for excellent.
WORD FAMILY
awe: awed, aweless, awes, awesome, awing, awless, overawe+/ awed: awedest, awedly, unawed/aweless: awelessly/ awesome: awesomely/overawe: overawed, overawes, overawing
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I was actually in charge of the cement block,” Ms. Saxon said, still in awe at her construction skills.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Among his contemporaries, recognition of Lowell’s mental instability was inextricably bound up with awe of his talent.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
“Such a sense of awe,” Professor Smith said afterward.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 敬畏; 惊惧; 惊叹
vt. 使敬畏; 使惊惧; 使惊奇
时态：awed, awing, awes
分布：敬畏(87%)，恐惧(6%)，使敬畏(5%)，使惊惧(2%)
→来自PIE *agh, 害怕。此处词义褒义化。词源同ail, ugly.
n.敬畏,惊惧vt.使敬畏,使惊惧He was awed into silence.他被吓得默不作声.
【反】irreverence（adj 不尊敬的；n 不尊敬）
US [ɑ:] noun uncountable
 ADVANCED
■a feeling of great respect sometimes mixed with fear or surprise 敬畏；惊奇，惊叹
• I've always held musicians in awe. 我对音乐家们总是肃然起敬。
• As children we were rather in awe of our grandfather. 小时候，我们对祖父非常敬畏。
• You can't help but stand in awe of (= respect greatly and fear slightly) powerful people. 在权势人物面前，你不由自主会毕恭毕敬。
UK [ɔ:] US [ɑ:] verb transitive ( UK aweing or US awing)
■to cause someone to feel awe 使敬畏；使畏惧
• I was awed but not frightened by the huge gorilla. 那只硕大无比的大猩猩让我惊叹不已，但是我并不怕它。
• Her paintings have awed and amazed the public for half a century. 半个世纪以来，她的画作一直令公众叹服。
• The audience was awed into silence by her stunning performance. 她的出色表演令观众叹为观止，大家都屏气凝神地欣赏。
n. 敬畏
 - fear

Word: leaning
Front: leaning
[ˈli:nɪŋ] (18179/18634)
Back: n. 倾向，爱好，偏爱
v. （使）倾斜，屈身( lean的现在分词 ); 倚; 依赖; 使斜靠
分布：倾斜(62%)，倾向(28%)，倾斜的(7%)，倾向的(2%)，动词lean的现在分词.(1%)
noun countable usually plural
■a preference for a particular set of beliefs, opinions, etc （指信念、意见等的）倾向性
• I don't know what his political leanings are. 我不知道他的政治倾向。
n. 倾向，爱好；倾斜
 - tendency, liability, trend, interest, slope

Word: tightness
Front: tightness
[taɪtnəs] (18129/19218)
Back: n. 坚固，紧密; 紧致; 密封性
分布：紧密(76%)，密闭(16%)，不渗透性(8%)
ADJ-GRADED
(衣服或鞋)紧身的，紧贴的
Tight clothes or shoes are rather small and fit closely to your body.
例：She walked off the plane in a miniskirt and tight top...她身穿迷你裙和紧身上衣走下了飞机。
例：His jeans were too tight.他的牛仔裤太紧了。
ADV-GRADED
牢牢地;紧紧地
If you hold someone or something tight, you hold them firmly and securely.
例：She just fell into my arms, clutching me tight for a moment...她正好跌进我的怀里，一时间紧紧地抓着我。
例：Just hold tight to my hand and follow along...抓紧我的手，跟着我。
ADJ-GRADED
(控制或规则)严格的，严厉的
Tight controls or rules are very strict.
例：The measures include tight control of media coverage...那些措施包括对媒体报道的严格管制。
例：The Government were prepared to keep a tight hold on public sector pay rises...政府准备严格控制公共部门的工资增长。
ADV-GRADED
紧紧地;密不透风地;滴水不漏地
Something that is shut tight is shut very firmly.
例：The baby lay on his back with his eyes closed tight...那个婴儿仰面躺着，两眼紧闭。
例：I keep the flour and sugar in individual jars, sealed tight with their glass lids...我把面粉和食糖分别放在罐子里，并将玻璃盖子紧紧地盖上。
ADJ-GRADED
(皮肤、布、线)拉紧的，绷紧的
Skin, cloth, or string that is tight is stretched or pulled so that it is smooth or straight.
例：My skin feels tight and lacking in moisture...我的皮肤感觉紧巴巴的，缺少水分。
例：Pull the elastic tight and knot the ends.把橡皮筋拽紧，两头打上结。
ADJ-GRADED
紧密的;密集的;装得满满的
Tight is used to describe a group of things or an amount of something that is closely packed together.
例：She curled up in a tight ball, with her knees tucked up at her chin...她蜷缩成一团，膝盖抵着下巴。
例：The men came in a tight group.那些男人密密匝匝地来了。
ADJ-GRADED
(身体局部)不舒服的，憋闷的
If a part of your body is tight, it feels rather uncomfortable and painful, for example because you are ill, anxious, or angry.
例：It is better to stretch the tight muscles first...最好先伸展一下僵硬的肌肉。
例：Sarah came forward with a tight and angry face...萨拉走上前来，紧绷着脸，怒气冲冲。
ADJ-GRADED
关系紧密的;亲密的
A tight group of people is one whose members are closely linked by beliefs, feelings, or interests.
例：We're a tight group, so we do keep in touch.我们关系很铁，所以的确保持着联系。
ADJ-GRADED
(弯道、拐角)急转的，陡转的
A tight bend or corner is one that changes direction very quickly so that you cannot see very far round it.
例：They collided on a tight bend and both cars were extensively damaged.他们在一个急转弯处相撞，两辆车均严重受损。
ADJ-GRADED
(日程、预算)紧张的，回旋余地不大的
A tight schedule or budget allows very little time or money for unexpected events or expenses.
例：It's difficult to cram everything into a tight schedule...日程紧，很难把所有事情都安排进去。
例：Emma is on a tight budget for clothes...埃玛预算很紧，没有多少钱买衣裳。
ADJ-GRADED
(比赛双方)比分接近的，不相上下的，势均力敌的
A tight contest is one where none of the competitors has a clear advantage or looks likely to win, so that it is difficult to say who the winner will be.
例：It was a very tight match...参赛双方不分伯仲。
例：The most recent polls predict a tight three-way race.最近的调查显示，这将是一场三方激烈角逐的比赛。
ADJ-GRADED
小气的;抠门儿的;吝啬的
If you say that someone is tight, you disapprove of them because they are unwilling to spend their money.
例：What about getting new ones — Are you so tight you won't even spend three roubles?买些新的怎样——你就小气到连3个卢布也不肯掏吗？
PHRASE
处境困难;境况不好
If you are in a tight corner or in a tight spot, you are in a difficult situation.
例：That puts the president in a tight spot if the vote is not a resounding 'yes'...如果投票结果不是一个响亮的“是”，总统的处境就不妙了。
例：They teach you to use your head to get out of a tight corner.他们教你开动脑筋，摆脱困境。
CONVENTION
好好睡一觉
You can say 'sleep tight' to someone when they are going to bed as an affectionate way of saying that you hope they will sleep well.
例：Good night, Davey. Sleep tight.晚安，戴维。睡个好觉。
n. 紧密，坚固
 - steel, durability

Word: crock
Front: crock
[krɒk] (18329/23048)
Back: n. 坛子，瓦罐碴
时态：crocked, crocking, crocks
分布：罐(34%)，老朽的人(21%)，碎瓦片(21%)，壶(10%)，变成废物(7%)，破旧的车(7%)
→来自sker, 弯，转，词源同cruse, crucible. 即制造陶器，通过不断的旋转使土坯更均匀。俚语义，尿壶，胡说。
US [krɑ:k] noun countable
CONTAINER 容器
■a container, usually one made of clay 瓦罐，坛子
• He keeps his coffee in an earthenware crock. 他把咖啡保存在一个陶罐里。
UK [krɒk] US [krɑ:k] noun countable
CAR/PERSON 车／人 UK old-fashioned slang
■an old person or car 老人；旧车
UK [krɒk] US [krɑ:k] noun countable
a crock (of shit) US informal or offensive
■something that is not true or useful 屁话，狗屁；胡说八道
• His presentation was a crock of shit. 他的陈述纯属胡说八道。
vt. 使衰弱；使身体垮掉
 - debilitate, devitalize
vi. 变得衰弱；身体垮掉
 - go to pieces

Word: intonation
Front: intonation
[ˌɪntəˈneɪʃn] (六 18321/10656)
Vocabulary: intonation
(once / 2903 pages)
n
Even if your friend claims she's not upset by the death of her pet iguana, her intonation may tell a different story. Intonation means the way someone's voice rises and falls as they're speaking.
Your emotions, your regional accent, or just the particular way you're used to speaking can all affect the intonation of your voice. There's something musical in the way people speak, and intonation describes that musicality. The word also means "producing musical tones," either with your voice or a musical instrument. Another kind of intonation is chanting, or half-speaking, half-singing your words.
WORD FAMILY
intonation: intonations+/ intone: intonation, intoned, intones, intoning
USAGE EXAMPLES
That imposes an additional challenge as far as intonation, and occasionally there were slight imprecisions at the beginning of a piece.
Washington Post(Dec 07, 2016)
They maintain bell-like intonation in sounds so quiet as to be barely audible.
Washington Post(Dec 05, 2016)
This mixed upbringing gave him another memorable trait: an Anglo-American sing-song intonation described by one critic as “Dick Van Dyke on dope”.
The Guardian(Nov 24, 2016)
Back: n. 语调，声调; [乐]发声，转调; [宗]吟诵; 语音的抑扬
分布：语调(82%)，声调(18%)
→来自intone,语调。
noun
countable or uncountable
■the sound changes produced by the rise and fall of the voice when speaking, especially when this has an effect on the meaning of what is said （尤指对话语意义有影响的）语调，声调
• The end of a sentence that is not a question is usually marked by falling intonation. 非疑问句的句尾通常用降调。
uncountable
■the degree to which the notes of a piece of music are played or sung correctly （演奏或歌唱时音符的）音准
• The violinist had good intonation, and a wonderful pure tone. 这位小提琴演奏家对音准掌握得很好，音色也很纯。
n. [声] 声调， [语] 语调；语音的抑扬
 - parlance

Word: six-week

Word: sari
Front: sari
[ˈsɑ:ri] (18336/23378 -1)
Vocabulary: sari
(once / 11333 pages)
n
A sari is a piece of clothing that South Asian women often wear. If you go to a wedding in India, you'll probably see the bride wearing a red silk sari.
A sari consists of one very long piece of fabric that's wrapped around the body and draped over a shoulder, and garments worn underneath, including a short-sleeved blouse. The style and fabric of a sari, as well as the way it's worn, varies between different regions and traditions. You can also spell this word saree. It comes from the Hindi sari and the Sanskrit root sati, "garment" or "petticoat."
WORD FAMILY
sari: saris
USAGE EXAMPLES
There were kids in soccer gear and a woman in a sari staring at her cellphone.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
In one of her first lead roles, in 1965, she appeared in a pink sari that grew clingy under a waterfall.
Economist(Dec 08, 2016)
Sari Nielsen, 71, was waiting at the Trump Cafe next door to the shop for the crowds to die down.
Reuters(Nov 24, 2016)
Back: n. （印度女人披在身上的）莎丽服
分布：名词(100%)
→来自印度语 sari,莎丽，衣服，布，来自梵语 sati,长条布，词源同 shawl.
US ['sɑ:r.i] noun countable
■a dress, worn especially by South Asian women, consisting of a very long piece of thin cloth wrapped around the body 莎丽（尤指印度和巴基斯坦妇女用来包裹全身的长条薄布）
n. （印）纱丽（等于saree）；卷布
 - salwar

Word: harvesting
Front: harvesting
['hɑ:vɪstɪŋ] (18340/33095)
Back: v. & n. 收获
v. 收割，收成( harvest的现在分词 ); 收到; 收割（庄稼），捕猎（动物、鱼）
分布：收获(55%)，收割(44%)，动词harvest的现在分词形式.(1%)
N-SING
收获;收割
The harvest is the gathering of a crop.
例：There were about 300 million tons of grain in the fields at the start of the harvest.收获伊始地里大概有3亿吨粮食。
N-COUNT
收成;收获量
A harvest is the crop that is gathered in.
例：...a bumper potato harvest...马铃薯大丰收
例：Millions of people are threatened with starvation as a result of drought and poor harvests.几百万人因干旱和歉收而受到饥饿的威胁。
VERB
收获;收割
When you harvest a crop, you gather it in.
例：Many farmers are refusing to harvest the cane.很多农民正拒绝收割甘蔗。
例：...freshly harvested beetroot.刚挖的甜菜根
VERB
获取;收获
If you harvest a large number of things, you collect them, often by making great efforts.
例：In his new career as a restaurateur he has blossomed and harvested many awards.转行经营餐饮之后，他在事业上大获成功并获得了许多奖项。
PHRASE
获得成果;尝到苦果
If you reap the harvest, you benefit or suffer from the results of your past actions or of someone else's past actions.
例：The Israeli Prime Minister must be convinced that he will reap a richer harvest of votes by going to the electorate well before October.必须说服以色列总理，若在10月份前就尽早走近选民，他会赢得更多选票。
v. [农学] 收割；收获（harvest的ing形式）
 - reaping
n. [农学] 收割；收获
 - gain

Word: departed
Front: departed
[dɪˈpɑ:tɪd] (18166/20533)
Vocabulary: departed
(once / 206 pages)
adjn
Something that's departed is gone, or happened in the distant past. An archaeologist might unearth artifacts from a departed era.
Anything that's past or long gone is departed, including a person who has died. When your friend talks about her dear, departed Uncle Bob, you know that Uncle Bob is no longer living. The word has been a euphemism for "dead" since at least the 16th century — the traditional wedding service once read "till death us depart," rather than today's "till death do us part."
WORD FAMILY
depart: departed, departer, departing, departs, departure +/departer: departers/ departure: departures
USAGE EXAMPLES
But a few of them waved as they departed.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Swegle also plans to research the departed to discover pieces of their history, their family and the like.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
More than twice as many migrants departed the country voluntarily this year than were deported.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 死了的，已往的，过去的
v. 离开( depart的过去式和过去分词 ); 出发; 开出; 离职
分布：过去的(67%)，动词depart的过去式和过去分词.(11%)，已往的(11%)，死了的(11%)
US [-'pɑ:r.tˌɪd] adjective literary
■describes something that happened in the past and is finished 过去的，往日的，昔日的
• The old man talked about the departed triumphs of his youth. 老人谈起他年轻时的辉煌。
■literary
■dead 辞世的，故去的
• We will always remember our dear departed friends. 我们将永远怀念那些离世的好友。
UK [dɪ'pɑ:.tɪd] US [-'pɑ:r.tˌɪd] noun
the departed formal
■a person who has died, or people who have died 死者，逝者
• Let us remember the departed. 让我们记住那些逝去的人。
adj. 过去的；死去的；以往的
 - gone, past, ago, back
n. 死者
 - dead, decedent

Word: femur
Front: femur
[ˈfi:mə(r)] (18322/25203)
Back: n. 股骨
分布：股骨(87%)，大腿骨(13%)
→来自拉丁语femur, 大腿，后用来指股骨。
US [-mɚ] noun countable (plural femurs or femora) specialized
■the long bone in the upper part of the leg 股骨
n. [解剖] 股骨；大腿骨
 - thigh bone

Word: well-off
Front: well-off
['wel'ɔ:f] (-1)
Back: adj. 顺利的，有利的; 走运的，幸运的; 手头宽裕的，富有的; 丰富的，繁荣昌盛的
分布：顺利的(34%)，手头宽裕的(22%)，繁荣昌盛的(22%)，走运的(22%)
US [-'ɑ:f] adjective
RICH 富有的
■rich 富有的，有钱的
• Her family was very well-off. 她的家庭非常富有。
(also well off) UK [ˌwel'ɒf] US [-'ɑ:f] adjective
HAVING A LOT 拥有很多的
[after verb]
■having a lot of or a number of 拥有大量…的；充足的
• The city is well off for parks and gardens. 这座城市有很多公园和花园。
(also well off) UK [ˌwel'ɒf] US [-'ɑ:f] adjective
know when you are well off
■If you do not know when you are well off, you do not understand that your present situation is good compared with other people's or with what it might be like 知足
• She's always complaining about her car - she doesn't know when she's well off (= she's lucky to have a car even if it's bad) ! 她总是在抱怨自己的车不好——她根本就不知足。
(also well off) UK [ˌwel'ɒf] US [-'ɑ:f] plural noun
the well-off
■rich people 富人，有钱人
• It is a resort that clearly caters for the well-off. 这显然是个为富人准备的渡假胜地。
adj. 富裕的；顺利的，走运的；繁荣昌盛的
 - smooth, affluent

Word: otherness
Front: otherness
[ˈʌðənəs] (18294/22597)
Back: n. 相异，不同，另一物
分布：相异(100%)
→来自other,其它的，-ness,名词后缀。
US [-ɚ-] formal
noun uncountable
■being or feeling different in appearance or character from what is familiar, expected or generally accepted 不同性；相异；另类
• In the film, he is able to depict the sense of otherness and alienation that many teenagers feel. 在这部电影中，他能表现出许多青少年所感受到的另类和格格不入的感觉。
n. 差异性；相异；他物
 - dissimilitude

Word: indiscriminately
Front: indiscriminately
[ˌɪndɪ'skrɪmɪnətlɪ] (六托 18203/18428)
Back: adv. 无差别，任意地; 不分青红皂白地; 滥; 不分皂白
分布：无差别(50%)，任意地(50%)
ADJ-GRADED
不加区别的;不加选择的
If you describe an action as indiscriminate, you are critical of it because it does not involve any careful thought or choice.
例：The indiscriminate use of fertilisers is damaging to the environment.乱用化肥会破坏环境。
例：...the indiscriminate killing of refugees.对难民不分青红皂白的杀戮
adv. 不加选择地；任意地
 - randomly, wilfully

Word: devious
Front: devious
[ˈdi:viəs] (托宝 18198/11624 -1)
Vocabulary: devious
(once / 3380 pages)
adj
Devious describes someone who tends to lie and to trick other people. Devious credit card companies lure younger and younger people into debt with offers of low interest rates and even just free t-shirts.
Devious sometimes just describes a path that is not direct, a meaning that can be traced to the Latin adjective devius "out of the way," formed from the prefix de- "off" plus via "way, road." The related English verb deviate means to do something different or unexpected, and the adjective deviant describes behavior that is not considered normal or morally correct.
WORD FAMILY
devious: deviously, deviousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
When those attempts fail, though, they resort to more devious means.
Washington Times(Dec 14, 2016)
His film is entirely, stubbornly unapologetic in its devious amorality, delivering cattle-prod shocks without warning and offering up 2016’s most compelling “nasty woman”.
The Guardian(Dec 14, 2016)
Mr. LeCun said he disagreed with the portrayal of AI technology as a looming and devious threat.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. 迂回的，曲折的; 不光明正大的，不正直的; 不坦诚的，狡猾的; 不正当
分布：狡猾的(39%)，迂回的(31%)，弯曲的(18%)，不正直的(12%)
误入歧途的(de偏离+vi+ous)[vi,via,voy=way,表示"道路"]
【参】deviousness（n 不诚实＝dishonesty；道路弯曲）
adjective
DISHONEST 不诚实的
■describes people or plans and methods that are dishonest, often in a complicated way, but often also clever and successful 会算计的，会耍手腕的，精心设计的
• You have to be a bit devious if you're going to succeed in business. 要想在生意场上取得成功就必须会耍点手腕。
• a devious scheme 精心策划的计谋
['di:.vi.əs] adjective
NOT DIRECT 间接的
■not direct 迂回的，间接的
• He took a rather devious route which avoids the city centre. 他选了一条相当绕远的路以避开市中心。
adj. 偏僻的；弯曲的；不光明正大的
 - remote, lonely, curve

Word: disguised
Front: disguised
[disˈɡaizd] (18192/18549)
Back: v. 假扮( disguise的过去式和过去分词 ); 化装; 伪装; 掩盖
分布：伪装(61%)，掩饰(27%)，假装(8%)，假扮(3%)，伪装物(1%)
adjective
■having an appearance that hides the true form 化装的，伪装的
• In Shakespeare's play 'Twelfth Night', Duke Orsino falls in love with the disguised Viola. 在莎士比亚的戏剧《第十二夜》中，奥西诺公爵爱上了乔装打扮的薇奥拉。
• In the book, the author gives a thinly (= only slightly) disguised account of his own early teaching experiences. 在书中，作者对其早年的教书经历作了稍加演绎的描述。

Word: delirious
Front: delirious
[dɪˈlɪriəs] (宝 18142/19863 -1)
Vocabulary: delirious
(once / 1839 pages)
adj
If you're delirious you're uncontrollably excited or a bit crazy, like when you win the lottery and run screaming through the streets, delirious with happiness.
While we sometimes like to say, metaphorically, that strong emotions make us delirious, this adjective has more grim origins, in the Latin word for delirium or "madness" — in the medical sense, that is. When you're delirious from a high fever or a serious bump to the head, you might become incoherent, hallucinate, or have disturbing dreams. The story of The Wizard of Oz is based on the delirious dream Dorothy has after she bumps her head during a tornado.
WORD FAMILY
delirious: deliriously+/ delirium: delirious, deliriums
USAGE EXAMPLES
Experiencing Ludlam in his Off Off Broadway camp epic “Eunuchs of the Forbidden City” was like being hit by a delirious tidal wave.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Mixed materials of plaster, sand, crayon and paint — a delirious experiment — connect it to Rivera’s still life.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 09, 2016)
The animated “Sing” is a delirious jukebox spinning more than 60 pop favorites.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: adj. 精神混乱的; 非常激动的; 极兴奋的，发狂的; 神不守舍
分布：发狂的(33%)，精神错乱的(25%)，极度兴奋的(21%)，神志昏迷的(14%)，非常激动的(7%)
→de-, 向下，偏离。-lir, 沟，垄，词源同learn, last. 原指犁地犁偏的，引申义精神错乱。
神志失常的,妄想的[delir=mad(疯)]
adjective
■unable to think or speak clearly because of fever or mental confusion 胡说的，语无伦次的；神志不清的
• She had a high temperature and was delirious. 她发高烧，处于神智不清的状态。
■extremely happy or excited 狂喜的；极度兴奋的
• The Greek football team arrived home to a delirious reception in Athens. 希腊球队回到祖国，在雅典受到了热烈的欢迎。
adj. 发狂的；神志昏迷的；精神错乱的
 - nuts, distraught

Word: groggy
Front: groggy
[ˈgrɒgi] (18356/33744)
Vocabulary: groggy
(once / 15076 pages)
adj
If you feel a little confused or foggy-headed you can say that you are groggy. When you first wake up, you might be groggy until you get up and start moving around.
The adjective groggy comes from the noun grog, which was what the sailors back in the 1700’s called rum diluted with water. Today, grog is slang for any liquor. To feel groggy is to feel drunk, tipsy, weak or dazed. Boxers who’ve sustained numerous blows to the head can get pretty groggy, and they might stagger around the ring — a sign that they are feeling out of it.
WORD FAMILY
groggy: groggier, groggily, grogginess
USAGE EXAMPLES
Both women blacked out and later awoke to the groggy reality that something wrong had occurred that they couldn’t immediately comprehend in their drug-induced stupor.
The Guardian(Nov 29, 2016)
A late-morning start left the Maryland women’s basketball team a tad groggy shortly after tip-off on Friday.
Washington Post(Nov 18, 2016)
That it could monitor your sleep cycles and wake you when you’re least likely to feel groggy—all thanks to simple voice commands.
Time(Nov 17, 2016)
Back: adj. 不会的，不稳的，摇摆的
分布：摇摇晃晃的(40%)，酒醉的(30%)，昏昏沉沉的(15%)，头晕的(15%)
→来自grog, 格洛格酒。
US ['grɑ:.gi] informal
adjective
■weak and unable to think clearly or walk correctly, usually because of tiredness or illness （通常因疲惫或生病而）头脑昏沉的，眩晕无力的，行走不稳的
• I felt a bit groggy for a couple of days after the operation. 手术后几天我都觉得有点头昏乏力。
adj. 酒醉的，无力的；东歪西倒的
 - weak, powerless

Word: sensibly
Front: sensibly
['sensəblɪ] (18212/9457)
Back: adv. 明智地; 理智地; 能感觉得出地; 切合实际地
分布：容易感知地(44%)，明显地(28%)，明智地(14%)，合理地(14%)
adverb
■in a sensible or practical way 明智合理地；切合实际地
• The police praised motorists for driving sensibly in the appalling conditions. 警方称许驾驶人在恶劣的条件下能谨慎驾驶。
• She wasn't very sensibly dressed for hiking across the moors. 对于徒步穿越荒野来说，她的穿着不太合适。
adv. 明显地；容易感知地；聪明地
 - obviously, clearly, broadly, markedly, distinctly

Word: vanished
Front: vanished
['vænɪʃd] (18181/20089)
Back: adj. 消失了的
v. 消失( vanish的过去式和过去分词 ); 突然不见; 不复存在; 绝迹
分布：消失了的(75%)，动词vanish的过去式和过去分词形式.(25%)
adjective
■not now present or existing 消失的；灭绝的
• The temple ruins are a distant reminder of a vanished empire. 神殿的废墟让人回想起一个消亡已久的帝国。

Word: loader
Front: loader
['ləʊdə] (18318/33090)
Back: n. 装货的人，装货设备，装弹机; 装板机
分布：装入程序(84%)，输入程序(16%)
n. 装货的人； [计] 载入程序；装货设备； [军] 装填器
 - loder, rammer

Word: unknown
Front: unknown
[ˌʌnˈnəʊn] (高四六 2825/2087 -K3)
Back: adj. 未知的; 不出名的; 从未发生的; 从不存在的
n. 不知名或不出名的人; 未知的事物; <数>未知数; 未知数
分布：未知的(91%)，不出名的(9%)
US [-'noʊn] adjective
 IMPROVER
■not known or familiar 未知的；不知名的；不了解的；不熟悉的
• The exact number of people carrying the virus is unknown. 携带病毒的准确人数还不清楚。
• As recently as six months ago her name was almost unknown in Britain. 就在六个月前，她的名字在英国还几乎无人知晓。
• Unknown to me, she'd organized a party for my birthday. 她为我筹划了生日派对，我却还蒙在鼓里。
UK [ʌn'nəʊn] US [-'noʊn] noun
only singular
■what is not familiar or known 陌生事物；未知事物
• Racism is in some ways just a fear of the unknown. 在某些意义上，种族主义只是一种对未知事物的恐惧罢了。
countable
■a person, especially a performer or sports player, who is not famous 无名小卒，无名之辈（尤指不知名的演员或运动员）
• For her latest film she deliberately chose a cast of unknowns. 在新拍影片中，她特意挑了一批不知名的演员。
countable mainly US
■something that cannot be guessed at or calculated because so little is known about it 不明情况；未知因素
• It's the big unknowns that make insurance companies uneasy. 令保险公司担心的是无法预测的重大事件。
adj. [数] 未知的；陌生的，默默无闻的
 - strange, sealed
n. [数] 未知数；未知的事物，默默无闻的人
 - XYZ, pronumeral

Word: wiggle
Front: wiggle
[ˈwɪgl] (宝 10667/20691 -1)
Vocabulary: wiggle
(once / 4026 pages)
vn
To wiggle is to move something back and forth. When you dance, you probably wiggle your hips. If you wiggle them too much, your mother might wiggle a finger at you and say "Settle down!"
Young children wiggle loose teeth until they fall out. Sometimes, if your mom is trying to hold your little brother still, he'll wiggle out of her grasp and run off. Have you ever come across a rule that you don't want to follow? If so, you've probably tried to find some wiggle room, or little ways you could get out of doing what you don't want to do.
WORD FAMILY
wiggle: wiggled, wiggler, wiggles, wiggling, wiggly+/wiggler: wigglers/wiggly: wiggliness
USAGE EXAMPLES
There is more wiggle room with species categorized under Appendix II and Appendix III, as long as the traveler obtains the proper permit or certificate.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Prince Frederick and Gabor laughed over the wiggling, mechanical Pony Pals.
Los Angeles Times(Mar 11, 1990)
Even McCain is leaving himself some wiggle room to capitulate.
Washington Post(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 摆动; 扭动
n. 扭动
时态：wiggled, wiggling, wiggles
分布：扭动(45%)，摆动(43%)，蠕动(9%)，奶油青豆烧鱼(3%)
→来自wegh,移动，运送，词源同way,wag。引申词义摆动，扭动以前进。比较wedge.
【记】读：喂狗，狗的尾巴就会wiggle。
verb intransitive or transitive informal
■to (cause to) move up and down and/or from side to side with small quick movements （使）扭动；（使）摆动
• He tried wiggling the control stick but nothing happened. 他试着扭动控制杆，可一点用也没有。
• She wiggled her toes in the water. 她在水中扭动着脚趾。
• Her hips wiggle as she walks. 她走路时屁股来回扭。
['wɪg.l] noun countable
■a small, quick movement up and down and/or from side to side 扭动；摆动
• With a wiggle of her hips, she pulled up the trousers. 她屁股一扭，就把裤子提了起来。
vt. 摆动
 - to oscillate, to swing
n. 扭动
 - wriggle

Word: tertiary
Front: tertiary
[ˈtɜ:ʃəri] (雅 18337/10660)
Vocabulary: tertiary
(once / 6832 pages)
adj
Tertiary is another way of saying "third in importance," like socializing with co-workers being a tertiary reason for getting an after-school job — less important than, first, earning money and second, gaining skills.
To correctly pronounce tertiary, say "TER-she-err-ee." If you are the third child born in your family, don't be tempted to call yourself the "tertiary child." This means you are less important that your two older siblings. However, in some cases, tertiary does not have to do with ranking third — the Tertiary period marks the beginning of life for mammals, and in the United Kingdom, tertiary education means "college-level."
WORD FAMILY
tertiary
USAGE EXAMPLES
The tertiary aspect of safety is important too.
Time(Oct 12, 2016)
And those feelings have really been secondary or tertiary to me.
Slate(Oct 05, 2016)
Lawyers could do better, Judge Briscoe said, “by excising tangential facts, secondary or tertiary arguments” on issues “on which a party is unlikely to prevail.”
New York Times(Oct 03, 2016)
Back: adj. 第三的; <医>第三期的; (T-)<地>第三纪的; <化>叔的
n. (T-)<地>第三纪; 第三系; 三期梅毒病害; <宗>第三级教士
分布：第三的(33%)，高等教育的(29%)，第三位的(22%)，第三会员(4%)，第三重音(4%)，臂翼(4%)，第三世纪的(4%)
→来自拉丁语 tertius,第三，来自 ter,三，词源同 three.
【记】ter地，tiary。原指地质学中第三纪地质时期。
US ['tɝ:.ʃi.er-] adjective
THIRD 第三 formal
■relating to a third level or stage 第三的；第三级的；第三位的
UK ['tɜ:.ʃər.i] US ['tɝ:.ʃi.er-] adjective
EDUCATION 教育
[before noun] UK
■relating to education in colleges and universities 高等教育的，大学教育的
• tertiary education 教育
UK ['tɜ:.ʃər.i] US ['tɝ:.ʃi.er-] adjective
SERVICE 服务
[before noun] specialized
■describes an industry that provides a service and is not involved with getting the materials with which products are made, or with making products 第三产业的
n. [数] 第三纪；第三修道会会员；第三级教士
 - third age
adj. [数] 第三的；第三位的；三代的
 - third, ternary

Word: misjudge
Front: misjudge
[ˌmɪsˈdʒʌdʒ] (18197/18432 -1)
Vocabulary: misjudge
(once / 3353 pages)
v
When you misjudge someone, you have mistaken ideas about what they're like. Politicians who misjudge their constituents aren't often reelected.
If you've ever found yourself jumping to conclusions about someone after meeting them once, and then realizing they aren't the way you thought they were, you know what it is to misjudge someone. If a tennis player misjudges her opponent, she's likely to miss an unexpected shot and lose the match. When you judge, you form an opinion about someone or something. Now add the "bad or wrong" prefix mis-, and you've got misjudge.
WORD FAMILY
misjudge: misjudged, misjudges, misjudging+/ judge: judged, judges, judgeship, judging, judgment, misjudge, prejudge /judged: ill-judged/judgeship: judgeships/judging: judgings/ judgment: judgmental, judgments/ judgmental: nonjudgmental / nonjudgmental: nonjudgmentally/ prejudge: prejudged, prejudges, prejudging
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s a far cry from 2013, when Amazon and package deliverers misjudged demand and delivered some holiday packages after Christmas.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
It’s a far cry from 2013, when Amazon and package deliverers misjudged demand and delivered some holiday packages after Christmas .
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
She’d misjudge social cues, flinging her arms around new people she met, occasionally telling strangers how attractive she found them.
The New Yorker(Dec 03, 2016)
Back: vt. 对…判断错误; 错认; 错误地估计
vi. 判断错
时态：misjudged, misjudging, misjudges
分布：判断错误(100%)
→mis-,坏的，错的，不好的，judge,判断。
【记】mis错，judge判断
verb transitive
■to form an opinion or idea about someone or something which is unfair or wrong 错误地判断；对…判断不公；错看
• I thought he wasn't going to support me, but I misjudged him. 我以为他不会支持我，其实我看错了他。
• Sophie totally misjudged the situation and behaved quite inappropriately. 苏菲对形势的判断完全错误，举止极不妥当。
■to guess an amount or distance wrongly 对（数量或距离）估计错误

Word: subordinate
Front: subordinate
[səˈbɔ:dɪnət] (研六托雅 9779/6201 -2)
Vocabulary: subordinate
(once / 359 pages)
nadjv
Subordinate means putting one thing below another––a subordinate is someone who works for someone else, and to subordinate means to place or rank one thing below another. "We subordinate our desire for popcorn to our desire to keep watching the movie."
The ordinate part of subordinate refers to an ordering of things, and sub- means "lower." "In the army, a private is subordinate to an officer, whether that officer is his direct commander or not." When it's a noun or adjective, the word is pronounced "suh-BOR-duh-nit," and when it's a verb, "suh-BOR-duh-nate."
WORD FAMILY
subordinate: insubordinate, subordinated, subordinately, subordinateness, subordinates, subordinating, subordination +/ insubordinate: insubordinately/ insubordination: insubordinations/ subordination: insubordination, subordinations
USAGE EXAMPLES
The theologians do this, he said, to justify biblical gender roles in which women are subordinate to men.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
“While he was at the top of the organization, the evidence does not show that he was as involved...as his subordinates were,” Fox wrote.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
It was the latest in a string of mishaps caused by Ms Raggi’s choice of subordinates.
Economist(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 级别或职位较低的; 下级的; 次要的; 附属的
n. 部属; 部下，下级
vt. 使…居下位，使在次级; 使服从; 使从属
时态：subordinated, subordinating, subordinates
分布：次要的(32%)，下级的(22%)，属下(20%)，使服从(13%)，附属物(10%)，把 ... 放在次要(3%)
→sub-,在下，-ordin,安排，顺序，词源同 order,ordinary.引申词义隶属的，从属的。
附属的(sub+ordin顺序＋ate→顺序在下→附属的)[sub-①表示"在下面,次一等,副手"②表示"接近,靠近"]
附属的;服从的n.部下(sub下面+ordin+ate→顺序在下→附属的)[ordin=order,表示"命令,顺序"]
a.下级的,次要的,附属的n.属下v.服从The subordinate coordinates are in accordance with that set by the cordial chorus.从属坐标与热心的合唱团的设定值一致.
【记】sub下面，ord＝order，inate－在下面听order－附属的
【参】subordinacy（n 下级地位）；subordination（n 从属；部下）
【反】peer（n 同等的人；贵族）；principal（n 负责人）
US [-ˈbɔːr-/
■having a lower or less important position 从属的，下级的；次要的
• a subordinate role 配角
• subordinate status 从属地位
• The individual's needs are subordinate to those of the group. 个人需求必须从属于集体需求。
noun countable UK [səˈbɔː.dɪ.nət] US [-ˈbɔːr-/
■a person who has a less important position than you in an organization 下属，下级
• He left the routine checks to one of his subordinates. 他把例行检查交给了一个下属负责。
verb transitive UK [səˈbɔː.dɪ.neɪt] US [-ˈbɔːr-/
■to put someone or something into a less important position 使从属于，使处于次要地位
• Her personal life has been subordinated to her career. 她将个人生活置于事业之下。
minor, inferior, secondary, subordinate
这组词都有“次等”的意思，其区别是：
minor: a较少的，较小的，较次要的，常含有轻微的但并非不重要的意思。
 • We agreed on everything in the contract, even minor points.   我们对合同中的一切问题，甚至是细枝末节都达成了一致。
inferior: a.次等的，较劣的，差的，当"下级"讲时，强调职位的高低；当"次等"讲时，指素质、质量等的低劣。
 • Most wine from Switzerland is inferior to wine from France.   产于瑞士的葡萄酒多数要比法国的差。
secondary: a.第二等的，次要的，强调在重要性或顺序上处于第二位。
 • My job is of secondary importance to my health.   我的工作比起身体来说不那么重要。
subordinate: a.次要的，从属的，下级的，强调主次地位或支配和隶属的关系。
 • He was always friendly to his subordinate officers.   她对下级官员一向和蔼可亲。
n. 下属，下级；部属，属下
 - inferior, underling
adj. 从属的；次要的
 - dependent, secondary, supporting, minor, peripheral

Word: tern
Front: tern
[tɜ:n] (18187/17271)
Back: n. 三个一组，燕鸥
分布：燕鸥(94%)，三桅纵帆船(6%)
→来自古诺斯语 therna,来自 Proto-Germanic*staraz,鸥，椋鸟，来自 stern,鸥，椋鸟，词源 同 starling.
US [tɝ:n] noun countable
■a small black and white sea bird with long pointed wings and a divided tail 燕鸥
n. 燕鸥；三个一组
 - scray, triplet

Word: unimpressed
Front: unimpressed
[ˌʌnɪmˈprest] (18200/15242 -1)
Back: adj. 印象平平的，无深刻印象的，未被打动的
分布：无印记的(55%)，未受感动的(36%)，没有印象的(9%)
adjective [after verb]
■not impressed (= made to feel admiration or respect) 印象平平的，无深刻印象的
• They looked the house over, but they seemed unimpressed (by it). 他们把房子看了一遍，但似乎感觉一般。

Word: frill
Front: frill
[frɪl] (18219/15080 -1)
Vocabulary: frill
(once / 3058 pages)
1n 2n 3n
Use the noun frill when you talk about a decorative strip used as trim. You might have a frill along the bottom of your favorite skirt.
The pleated trim or ruffle at the hem of a sweater or along the bottom of a sofa slipcover can be called a frill. You can also use the word in a more figurative way, to describe anything that's merely extra or for decoration: "The beginning of his speech was nothing but a frill," or "We need to work on our budget — first, let's cut out the frills, like getting our shoes shined and eating out every night."
WORD FAMILY
frill: frills, frilly +/ frilly: frillily
USAGE EXAMPLES
He said he sells them anywhere from $8,000 to more than $60,000 depending on customers’ requests for extra features and frills.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
“Let’s talk about the extra frills in my contract.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Travelers are in a tizzy over United Airlines’ new “Basic Economy” fares, which offer fewer frills at a lower price of the airline’s other tickets.
Time(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 褶边; 装饰; [摄]胶片边缘的皱褶; [动]壳皱
vt. 使有褶; 加褶饰于…
vi. 起边皱
分布：加褶边于(25%)，褶皱(25%)，衣饰上的绉边(25%)，装腔作势.(25%)
→词源不详。可能来自fry, 煎炒，卷边。引申词义褶边，饰边。
noun
countable
■a long, narrow strip of cloth with folds along one side which is sewn along the edge of a piece of clothing or material for decoration （衣服等的）饰边，褶饰
• You could always sew a frill or two around the bottom of the skirt if you think it's too plain. 如果你认为这条裙子太过普通，可以在下摆缝上一两道饰边。
frills [plural] informal
■extra things that are added to something to make it more pleasant or more attractive, but that are not necessary 不必要的装饰，虚饰
• a cheap, no frills airline 价格便宜、经济实惠的航空公司
n. 装饰；褶边
 - decoration, adornment

Word: amp
Front: amp
[æmp] (18183/6320)
Vocabulary: amp
(once / 63545 pages)
n
An amp is a unit of electricity. Your new air conditioner might use nine amps of power, replacing your less efficient old one.
When you're measuring electrical charge or current, you can express the units in amps, which is short for amperes. Since the 1880s, the definition of amp has been "the current that one volt can send through one ohm," and the word itself comes from the French physicist who helped found the science of electromagnetism, André-Marie Ampère.
WORD FAMILY
amp: amps
USAGE EXAMPLES
Perhaps what this tour does best is amp up this kind of nostalgia.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
The S&amp;P 500 index suffered its biggest one-day percentage drop on Wednesday, following weak housing data and losses in the technology sector.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
He turned up his amps, joined a band, got good, got fast.
Washington Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: n. 安培; 放大器
分布：安培数(20%)，总部所在地澳大利亚(20%)，主要经营保险)(20%)，使充满活力(20%)，安宝(财富500强公司之一(20%)
noun countable
ELECTRICITY 电 (formal ampere)
■the standard unit of measurement for the strength of an electrical current （电流单位）安培
• a thirty-amp fuse 30安培的保险丝
[æmp] noun countable
SOUND 声音 informal
■an amplifier
n. 电吉他
 - electric guitar

Word: vindictive
Front: vindictive
[vɪnˈdɪktɪv] (宝 18233/18718 -1)
Vocabulary: vindictive
(once / 1342 pages)
adj
It is no fun hanging out with vindictive people, who are forever out to get back at people they think have hurt them. If you forget to say hello to them one day in the hall, they will carry a grudge against you into next week.
Vindictive is often paired with mean, as in "the atmosphere of the cheerleading squad at my new school was vindictive and mean and I wanted nothing to do with it." Vindictive rumors show a spirit full of revenge. Vindictive is from Latin vindicta "revenge." The related Latin verb vindicare has the very different meaning "to defend or clear someone from guilt," and this is the source of the English verb vindicate.
WORD FAMILY
vindictive: unvindictive, vindictively, vindictiveness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Of the Evangelists, John is the most vindictive toward the Jews, and many Baroque settings of his Passion narrative preserve that animus.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
By then, there was already a movement afoot for more open, less vindictive government.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
At the same time, the AKP government must stop using vindictive, divisive language.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: adj. 怀有或显示报复心的; 恶意的，怀恨的; 惩罚的
分布：有报仇心的(37%)，惩罚的(35%)，怀恨的(28%)
→来自vindicate,提供证据，反驳指责，后引申词义指复仇，报复。
有报复心的(vin力量+dict说+ive)[dict,dic=say,assert,表示"说话,断言"]
报复性的(vindict报仇)[-ive 1.表形容词2.表名词后缀,"人或物"]
【区】vindicate（v 维护；辩护）
[vɪn'dɪk.tɪv] disapproving
adjective
■having or showing a wish to harm someone because you think that they have harmed you; unwilling to forgive 想复仇的；报复性的；怀恨在心的
• In the film 'Cape Fear', a lawyer's family is threatened by a vindictive former prisoner. 在电影《恐怖角》里，一个律师家庭受到了一个出狱囚犯企图报复的威胁。
adj. 怀恨的；有报仇心的；惩罚的
 - spiteful, malicious

Word: archway
Front: archway
[ˈɑ:tʃweɪ] (18366/12334)
Back: n. 拱门，拱道
分布：拱门(59%)，拱道(41%)
US ['ɑ:rtʃ-] noun countable
■an entrance or passage formed by an arch 拱门；拱廊，拱道

Word: ark
Front: ark
[ɑ:k] (16154/12089 -1)
Back: n. [圣]方舟; [圣]约柜; <美>平底船; 避难所
分布：方舟(96%)，避难所(4%)
N-SING
方舟（《圣经》中，大洪水时挪亚为救家人和动物而建造的大船）
In the Bible, the ark was a large boat which Noah built in order to save his family and two of every kind of animal from the Flood.
n. 约柜；方舟；（美）平底船；避难所
 - haven, home, harbor

Word: monogamous
Front: monogamous
[mə'nɒɡəməs] (18174/25453)
Vocabulary: monogamous
(once / 20957 pages)
adj
Use the adjective monogamous to describe a person or animal who has only one mate. Beavers are one of only a few mammals that are truly monogamous, raising their young and living with a single mate.
There are many cultures in the world that aren't typically monogamous, meaning that men may have more than one wife or women more than one husband. However, most western, industrialized countries have made being monogamous the only culturally acceptable choice, and most American kids grow up imagining they'll marry one person and stay with that husband or wife until death. Monogamous comes from the Greek word monogamos, "marrying only once."
WORD FAMILY
monogamous: monogamously, monogamousness+/monogamist: monogamists/ monogamy: monogamist, monogamous
USAGE EXAMPLES
The tan-striped birds are poor at singing, monogamous and fiercely protect their hatchlings from predators such as raccoons and snakes.
Nature(Nov 22, 2016)
Forty-two of the cranes released in the wild have survived so far, and eight are living in monogamous pairs.
Seattle Times(Nov 14, 2016)
It was only as our brains evolved and emotions developed – including love – that monogamous relationships set in.
The Guardian(Oct 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 一夫一妻的，单配的，一雌一雄的
分布：一夫一妻的(100%)
ADJ
一夫一妻制的;有单一性伴侣的
Someone who is monogamous or who has a monogamous relationship has a sexual relationship with only one partner.
例：Do you believe that men are not naturally monogamous?...你相信人类并非本来就是一夫一妻制的吗？
例：She wouldn't want to be in a monogamous relationship.她不想要单一性伴侣的关系。
ADJ
单配的;一雄一雌的
Monogamous animals have only one sexual partner during their lives or during each mating season.

Word: poisoned
Front: poisoned
['pɔɪzənd] (18224/14729)
Back: adj. 有毒的; 中过毒的; 发炎的; 金杯毒酒
v. 毒死( poison的过去式和过去分词 ); 污染; 放毒于; 对…有不良影响
分布：中毒的(91%)，动词poison的过去式和过去分词形式.(9%)
N-MASS
毒物；毒药；毒素
Poison is a substance that harms or kills people or animals if they swallow it or absorb it.
例：Poison from the weaver fish causes paralysis, swelling, and nausea...龙的毒素会引起瘫痪、肿胀和恶心。
例：Mercury is a known poison.水银是一种已知的有毒物质。
VERB
（人）使中毒，毒杀，毒害
If someone poisons another person, they kill the person or make them ill by giving them poison.
例：The rumours that she had poisoned him could never be proved.她曾下毒害他的谣言永远都无法得到证实。
VERB
（物质）使中毒，毒死
If you are poisoned by a substance, it makes you very ill and sometimes kills you.
例：Employees were taken to hospital yesterday after being poisoned by fumes...因吸入有害气体而中毒的员工昨天被送进了医院。
例：Toxic waste could endanger lives and poison fish.有毒废物可能危及生命，毒死鱼类。
VERB
在…中放毒；在…上涂毒
If someone poisons a food, drink, or weapon, they add poison to it so that it can be used to kill someone.
例：If I was your wife I would poison your coffee.如果我是你老婆，我会在你的咖啡里下毒。
VERB
破坏，污染（水、空气或土地）
To poison water, air, or land means to damage it with harmful substances such as chemicals.
例：...the textile and fibre industries that taint the air, poison the water and use vast amounts of natural resources...污染空气、破坏水源并消耗大量自然资源的纺织纤维工业
例：The land has been completely poisoned by chemicals.土地已被化学品彻底污染。
VERB
危害；败坏；毒化
Something that poisons a good situation or relationship spoils it or destroys it.
例：The whole atmosphere has really been poisoned.整个气氛已全然遭到破坏。
例：...ill-feeling that will poison further talk of a common foreign policy.将会危害有关共同外交政策的进一步商讨的敌意
PHRASE
（通常指以谎言）使（对…）产生恶感，使（对…）心怀仇视
If someone poisons your mind against another person, they make you dislike that person, usually by telling you things that are not true.
adj. 中毒的；遭毒害的
 - toxic
v. 使中毒；毒害；破坏（poison的过去分词）
 - destroyed, undid

Word: circumcision
Front: circumcision
[ˌsɜ:kəmˈsɪʒn] (18328/22080)
Back: n. 割礼，包皮环切（术），（身心）净化
分布：名词(100%)
VERB
对(男孩或男子)行割礼;环割…的包皮
If a boy or man is circumcised, the loose skin at the end of his penis is cut off.
例：He had been circumcised within eight days of birth as required by Jewish law.根据犹太法律的规定，他在出生后8天内接受了割礼。
VERB
对(女孩或妇女)行割礼;为…切除部分(或全部)阴蒂
In some cultures, if a girl or woman is circumcised, her clitoris is cut or cut off.
例：An estimated number of 90 to 100 million women around the world living today have been circumcised.当今世界上，约有9,000万到1亿的女性接受过割礼。

Word: hurried
Front: hurried
[ˈhʌrid] (18178/18708 -1)
Back: adj. 仓促的，匆忙地; 草率的
v. 仓促（做某事）( hurry的过去式过去分词); 催促; 快速移动
分布：仓促的(51%)，慌忙的(35%)，动词hurry的过去式和过去分词形式.(14%)
US ['hɝ:-] adjective
■done very or too quickly 匆忙的，仓促的
• We left early, after a hurried breakfast. 我们匆忙吃完早餐之后就早早离开了。
• I'm sorry this is such a hurried note. 对不起，这张笔记写得非常仓促。
adj. 匆忙的；草率的
 - brief, rushed

Word: fishy
Front: fishy
[ˈfɪʃi] (托 18190/19380)
Vocabulary: fishy
(once / 6880 pages)
1adj 2adj
Anything fishy smells, tastes, or resembles a fish in some way. Suspicious people and situations are also called fishy. Since this word has two meanings, context is key.
If you say something is fishy, it probably means you think something is suspicious. If you’re sitting next to someone eating a tuna sandwich, though, you could just mean you smell a fishy odor. Fishy usually refers to situations that seem suspect or shady. A guy looking over your shoulder while you use an ATM is fishy. A student looking at her arm for answers during a test is fishy. Anything fishy is suspicious — somebody’s up to something.
WORD FAMILY
fishy: fishier, fishiest, fishily+/ fish: fished, fisher, fishery, fishes, fishing, fishy /fisher: fishers/fishery: fisheries/fishing: fishings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Even though Huynh prides herself on recreating the fresh, fragrant, fishy flavors that she savored in central Vietnam, she’s no straitjacketed purist.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
So I tell every employee, if something’s fishy, question it.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Seabirds clustered above the same patch of water, interested in the fishy breakfast being stirred up there.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. <非正>可疑的，值得怀疑的; 不是味儿; 鬼勾当; 腥味儿
级别：fishier, fishiest
分布：可疑的(100%)
→来自fish,鱼。即像鱼一样的。
adjective
DISHONEST 不诚实的 informal
■seeming dishonest or false 可疑的；虚假的；值得怀疑的
• There's something fishy going on here. 这里的情况有点不大对头。
['fɪʃ.i] adjective
LIKE FISH 似鱼的
■tasting or smelling of fish 鱼味的；鱼腥味的
['fɪʃ.i] adjective
smell fishy informal
■If a situation or an explanation smells fishy, it causes you to think that someone is being dishonest. 感觉可疑
adj. 鱼的；可疑的；似鱼的；呆滞的
 - suspicious, ichthyic

Word: lard
Front: lard
[lɑ:d] (18167/20959)
Back: n. 猪油
vt. 润色; 涂猪油于; 将肥猪肉片嵌于（牛肉或禽肉）中; （在讲话或文章中）夹杂大量（某类词语）
时态：larded, larding, lards
分布：猪油(84%)，润色(10%)，点缀(4%)，涂油于(2%)
→来自拉丁语lardum,猪油，熏肉。后仅指猪油。
US [lɑ:rd] noun uncountable
■a white substance made from pig fat and used in cooking （烹调用的）猪油
UK [lɑ:d] US [lɑ:rd] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  lard sth with sth
■If speech or a piece of writing is larded with a particular type of language, it has a lot of that type of language （讲话或文章中）大量夹杂，大量穿插（某类语言）
• Her speech was larded with literary quotations. 她在讲话中引用了许多文学语录。
vt. 润色，点缀；涂加猪油
 - touch up, give it another brush
n. 猪油
 - axunge

Word: abut
Front: abut
[əˈbʌt] (托宝 18235/20120)
Vocabulary: abut
(once / 4500 pages)
v
When something borders something else, it is said to abut it. The term is often used in real estate to refer to a lot line. Wouldn’t it be nice to have your back yard abut a forest preserve or park?
The Old French word but meant "end" — think of "butt" for a crude way to remember that! — and it was joined to a-, from the Latin ad- "near to." The result was abuter, which meant "to touch at an end." The word eventually became abouter, meaning "to join at the ends, or border on." The idea of abut suggesting a common boundary comes from the late Middle English, and today we use the word when anything touches something else.
WORD FAMILY
abut: abutment, abuts, abutted, abutter, abutting+/abutment: abutments/abutter: abutters
USAGE EXAMPLES
What is the best and worst thing abut getting old?
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Now it will abut a huge regulated market for the stuff—and one where 30% of the population is Mexican or Mexican-American.
Economist(Dec 20, 2016)
The site he was working on dated to before the arrival of Europeans in the Americas, but it happened to abut an overgrown eighteenth-century plantation.
Nature(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. （与…）邻接; （与…）毗连; 接触; 倚靠
时态：abutted, abutting, abuts
分布：邻接(62%)，毗连(38%)
→前缀a-同ad-,去，往。词根but , 目标，边界。指边界相接。but最终同beat,击，打，目标。
【记】a一个，but但是。何谓连词？就是连接两个分句的词，引申为连接两个国家的边界。a一再，bet赌博。记住，这不是你的错，一定是有人教唆你，因为麻将三缺一！
[ə'bʌt] (-tt-) formal
verb transitive never passive intransitive + prep
■If a building or area of land abuts on something, it is next to it or touches it on one side 邻接；毗连；紧靠
• Mexico abuts (on) some of the richest parts of the United States. 墨西哥跟美国一些最富庶的地区接壤。
• Their house abutted (onto) the police station. 他们的房子紧邻警察局。
vi. 邻接；毗邻；紧靠
 - adjoin
vt. 邻接；毗邻；紧靠
 - neighbor

Word: you-all
Front: you-all
[ˈju: ɔ:l] None
Back: n. 你们大家，你们
分布：你们(58%)，你们大家(42%)
n. 你们，你们大家
 - yous

Word: eucharistic
Front: eucharistic
[,ju:kə'ristik] (18099/28807)
Back: adj. 圣餐的，圣体的
分布：圣餐的(60%)，圣体的(40%)

Word: behead
Front: behead
[bɪˈhed] (18382/20435)
Back: vt. 砍（某人的）头，砍头处决
时态：beheaded, beheading, beheads
分布：砍 ... 的头(100%)
→前缀be-的特殊用法，表示除去。head, 头。
verb transitive often passive
■to cut off someone's head 砍…的头，斩…之首

Word: untouchable
Front: untouchable
[ʌnˈtʌtʃəbl] (18243/22698 -1)
Back: adj. 不可及的，达不到的; 不可接触的; 不可捉摸的
n. 贱民; 被遗弃的人; 棘手的事
分布：贱民(59%)，不可接触的(25%)，达不到的(16%)
→un-, 不，非，touchable, 可接触的。该词通常用来指印度种姓制度的贱民，高种姓阶层不可用身体直接接触的人。
不可接触的(un+touch+able)[touch=touch,表示"摸,碰"]
adjective
PROTECTED 受保护的
■not able to be punished, criticized or changed in any way 不可惩罚的；不许批评的；不可改变的
• We've got to change the present system in which high court judges are regarded as somehow untouchable. 我们必须改变现行认为高等法院法官权威不容置疑的制度。
[ʌn'tʌtʃ.ə.bl] adjective
NOT DEFEATED 未被打败的
■not able to be defeated or to be as good as 无法击败的；无法企及的
• Coventry City have proved untouchable this season - they've just won their sixth consecutive game. 本赛季考文垂城队已经证明是无法击败的——他们刚刚取得了六连胜。
[ʌn'tʌtʃ.ə.bl] noun countable
■a member of the lowest social group in Indian society （印度社会的）贱民，不可接触者
adj. 达不到的；不可批评的；不可捉摸的
 - unaccessible, inacceptable

Word: plagiarism
Front: plagiarism
[ˈpleɪdʒərɪzəm] (托宝 18346/24586)
Vocabulary: plagiarism
(once / 4196 pages)
n
When you rip off someone else's ideas or work and pretend it's your own, that's plagiarism.
There's a fine line between borrowing and stealing — between plagiarism and theft — and it's often open to debate what actually constitutes an outright taking of someone's material. As Einstein once said, "The secret to creativity is knowing how to hide your sources." From the Latin word for "kidnapped," when you plagiarize, you are being an intellectual thief, kidnapping someone else's ideas or words for your own purposes.
WORD FAMILY
plagiarism: plagiarise, plagiarisms, plagiarist, plagiaristic, plagiarize +/plagiarise: plagiarisation, plagiarised, plagiariser, plagiarises, plagiarising/plagiarist: plagiarists/ plagiarize: plagiarization, plagiarized, plagiarizer, plagiarizes, plagiarizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
When ordered to write 100 times “I will not plagiarize,” Michael shot back that the task seemed to him another form of plagiarism.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
The permanent commission of the conference of Spanish university chancellors said on Thursday that Mr Suarez was leaving due to "information published about presumed plagiarism".
BBC(Dec 16, 2016)
In a story published today, the magazine produced seven more instances of alleged plagiarism.
Science Magazine(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 剽窃; 抄袭; 剽窃物; 抄袭物
分布：剽窃(91%)，剽窃物(9%)
→来自拉丁语plagiare,绑架，来自plaga,罗网，鸟网，网笼，来自plek,弯，转，编织，词源同ply,complicate.后引申词义抄袭，剽窃。-ism,主义，思想。
剽窃(plagiar斜的+ism...做不正当事...剽窃)[-ism名词1.表示"主义,宗教"2.表示"学术,流派"3.表示"行为,现象,状态"4.表示"疾病"5.表示"具备某种牲质"]
【记】pla＝play，gia＝jia家，ris＝rise，m：整天在家玩，要想ris成绩，只好剽窃了。
N-UNCOUNT
剽窃；抄袭
Plagiarism is the practice of using or copying someone else's idea or work and pretending that you thought of it or created it.
例：Now he's in real trouble. He's accused of plagiarism.现在他是真遇到麻烦了。他被指控剽窃。
N-COUNT
剽窃物；抄袭物
A plagiarism is an idea or a piece of writing or music that has been secretly copied from someone else's work.
例：Most famous political quotes are plagiarisms and this was no exception.大部分著名的政治语录都是盗用前人的，这个也不例外。
n. 剽窃；剽窃物
 - piracy, cribbing

Word: scarecrow
Front: scarecrow
[ˈskeəkrəʊ] (18227/23660)
Back: n. （竖在田里吓鸟的）稻草人; <非正>邋遢的人，骨瘦如柴的人
分布：稻草人(87%)，衣衫褴褛的人(10%)，可怕但无害的人(3%)
→scare,惊吓，crow,乌鸦。比喻用法。
US ['sker.kroʊ] noun countable
■a model of a person dressed in old clothes and put in a field of growing crops to frighten birds away （竖在田里吓鸟的）稻草人
n. 稻草人，威吓物；衣衫褴褛的人
 - jackstraw, straw man

Word: compendium
Front: compendium
[kəmˈpendiəm] (宝 18189/20325)
Vocabulary: compendium
(once / 4396 pages)
n
When you search an online encyclopedia, you are searching a compendium of information on just about everything. A compendium is a comprehensive collection of something.
You can also use the word compendium to describe a collection of written works. If you gather all of the anecdotes your parents and grandparents have told you into a book, you'll have created a compendium of family stories. The plural of compendium is either compendiums or compendia.
WORD FAMILY
compendium: compendious, compendiums+/compendious: compendiously
USAGE EXAMPLES
The publisher rereleased all seven original books in a special compendium, complete with an audio book read by the actor John Krasinski.
The New Yorker(Dec 23, 2016)
There are 73 films on this year’s Black List, the annual compendium of popular unproduced screenplays.
The Guardian(Dec 13, 2016)
Below, we present a compendium of sorts about the election, to help guide you in your discussions.
New York Times(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: n. 摘要，纲要
分布：手册(39%)，概略(33%)，提纲(16%)，简要(12%)
→com-, 强调。-pend, 悬垂，称量，词源同pendulum, pound .即挂到一起的，汇编。
【记】com共同，pend挂－把各部分的主要内容挂在一起－概要com共同，pen笔，ium表场所－把共同点用笔写下来的场所－摘要部分
【参】compendious（adj 简洁的＝concise＝comprehensive）
[kəm'pen.di.əm] (plural compendiums or compendia)
noun countable
■a short but complete account of a particular subject, especially in the form of a book （尤指以书的形式出现的关于特定主题的）汇编，概要，概略，纲要
• the Gardener's Compendium 《园丁手册》
n. 纲要；概略
 - schemata, rundown

Word: fake
Front: fake
[feɪk] (研六托雅宝 5098/9663 -2)
Vocabulary: fake
(once / 1125 pages)
nadjv
You should have known that copy of the "Declaration of Independence" was a fake when you saw it was signed by "Jon Hancrock" instead of "John Hancock." Something that's fake isn't authentic.
A person who falsely claims to be, feel, or do something can be said to be fake. When your friend acts sweet but spreads rumors about you behind your back, you can call her a fake. As a verb, fake means to take an action with the intent to deceive. If you've ever tried to fake a grade on your report card, you know that it's especially hard to change an F to an A.
WORD FAMILY
fake: faked, faker, fakery, fakes, faking+/faker: fakers/fakery: fakeries
USAGE EXAMPLES
And yes, Mark, this annual dinner column is fake news, but please don’t filter it!
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
If he couldn’t fill the job description, he said, there was no use trying to fake it.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
After this year of fake news in US politics and elsewhere, I am hopeful that consumers of news will become much more discerning.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: vt. 伪造; 篡改; 对…做手脚; 仿造
vt. & vi. 假装
n. 骗子; 冒牌货，赝品; [体]假动作; 冒充，诈骗
adj. 假的，冒充的
时态：faked, faking, fakes
分布：伪造(31%)，假的(25%)，假货(16%)，骗子(11%)，伪装(8%)，欺骗(6%)，假造(3%)
→犯罪分子俚语，词源不确定。可能来自词根fact, 做，词源同face, factitious. 即人为的，伪造的。
n.假货,赝品a.假的,冒充的v.伪造;伪装The painting looked old but was a recent fake.这幅画看上去年代久远,实际是最近的一幅赝品.
【记】玩过《红色警报》的同学都不会陌生，fake就是里边的假主基地。
noun countable
■an object which is made to look real or valuable in order to deceive people 赝品；假货
• Experts revealed that the painting was a fake. 专家透露那幅画是赝品。
• The gun in his hand was a fake. 他手里的枪是假的。
■someone who is not what or who they say they are 冒充者；骗子
• After working for ten years as a doctor, he was exposed as a fake. 行医十年后，他被揭发是个冒牌货。
[feɪk] adjective
■not real, but made to look or seem real 假的，伪造的
• He was charged with possessing a fake passport. 他被控持有假护照。
• fake fur/blood 人造毛皮／假血
[feɪk] verb
FEELING/ILLNESS 感情／病痛
intransitive or transitive
■to pretend that you have a feeling or illness 装出（某种感情）；假装（有病）
• to fake surprise 佯装惊讶
• to fake an orgasm 假装达到性高潮
• She didn't want to go out, so she faked a headache. 她不想出去，就假装头痛。
• He faked a heart attack and persuaded prison staff to take him to hospital. 他假装心脏病发作，说服狱警把他送到医院。
• He isn't really crying, he's just faking. 他不是真的在哭，只是在装哭。
[feɪk] verb
OBJECT 物体
transitive
■to make an object look real or valuable in order to deceive people 伪造
• to fake a document/signature 伪造文件／签名
sham, fake
这组词都有“冒牌货”的意思，其区别是：
sham: 指可以以假乱真的东西，尤指明显的欺骗。
fake: 通常指没有价值的冒牌货或代用品，但目的不一定全是为骗人。
false, fake
这组词都有“假的”的意思，其区别是：
false: 指说明某物与真的相像，强调看上去像真的，不一定用作冒充、谎骗。
fake: 指某物不是真的。

Word: charger
Front: charger
[ˈtʃɑ:dʒə(r)] (16169/20257 -1)
Vocabulary: charger
(once / 1508 pages)
1n 2n
A charger is the accessory you plug into your phone or laptop when the battery power is low. If you're bringing your digital camera with you on vacation, it's important to remember your charger.
Devices that are powered by rechargeable or internal batteries need a charger to keep that battery working. When you plug a laptop charger into an outlet, a jolt of electricity recharges the laptop battery's cells. An entirely different kind of charger is a war horse — a large, sturdy animal that was trained to carry soldiers in battle. This is the 18th century meaning of charger, and it's based on the verb charge and its meaning "rush into battle."
WORD FAMILY
charger: chargers+/ charge: chargeable, charged, charger, charges, charging, countercharge, discharge, overcharge, recharge, supercharge, undercharge/chargeable: chargeably/charged: uncharged/countercharge: countercharges/ discharge: discharged, discharges, discharging/discharged: undischarged/ overcharge: overcharged, overcharges, overcharging/ recharge: rechargeable, recharged, recharges, recharging/supercharge: supercharged, supercharger, supercharges, supercharging/supercharger: superchargers/undercharge: undercharged, undercharges, undercharging
USAGE EXAMPLES
Texans: Managed to lose to Chargers at home in Week 12, San Diego’s last win.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Now, more than a decade later, the Saints are a civic treasure and the Chargers on the verge of leaving San Diego.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
The Chargers are currently considering whether to move the franchise to Los Angeles.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 委托者，控诉者; [军]军官坐骑，战马; 充电器
分布：充电器(91%)，战马(7%)，大浅盘(2%)
→来自charge, 向前冲。
US ['tʃɑ:r.dʒɚ] old use or literary
noun countable
■a soldier's horse 战马，军马
n. [电] 充电器；军马；袭击者；委托者； [法] 控诉者
 - destrier, recharger

Word: magnifying
Front: magnifying
['mægnɪfaɪɪŋ] (18218/20714)
Back: adj. 放大的
v. 增加，升高，放大; 放大( magnify的现在分词 ); 扩大; 夸大; 夸奖
分布：放大的(84%)，动词magnify的现在分词形式.(16%)
VERB
放大;扩大
To magnify an object means to make it appear larger than it really is, by means of a special lens or mirror.
例：This version of the Digges telescope magnifies images 11 times...这种型号的迪格斯望远镜可将图像放大11倍。
例：A lens would magnify the picture so it would be like looking at a large TV screen.透镜会把图片放大，就像在看巨大的电视屏幕一样。
VERB
加强;加大;加剧
To magnify something means to increase its effect, size, loudness, or intensity.
例：Poverty and human folly magnify natural disasters...贫困和人类的愚昧加剧了自然灾难。
例：Their noises were magnified in the still, wet air.他们的喧闹声在凝滞而潮湿的空气中显得更吵了。
VERB
夸大;夸张
If you magnify something, you make it seem more important or serious than it really is.
例：They do not grasp the broad situation and spend their time magnifying ridiculous details...他们不去把握大局，而是在细枝末节上花费时间大做文章。
例：Any signs of discontent tend to be magnified and overanalyzed.稍有不满便会被上纲上线。
adj. 放大的
 - enlarged, amplifying, blown-up
v. 放大（magnify的ing形式）；增加；升高
 - adding, increasing, building

Word: precipitously
Front: precipitously
[prɪ'sɪpɪtəslɪ] (18242/44572)
Back: adv. 陡峭地，陡然地，出乎意料地
分布：轻率地(35%)，险峻地(33%)，急促的(16%)，仓促的(16%)
ADJ-GRADED
险峻的；陡峭的
A precipitous slope or drop is very steep and often dangerous.
例：The town is perched on the edge of a steep, precipitous cliff.该镇坐落在陡峭险峻的悬崖边上。
ADJ-GRADED
突然的；急剧的
A precipitous change is sudden and unpleasant.
例：The stock market's precipitous drop frightened foreign investors...股票市场的猛跌吓坏了国外投资者。
例：Meryl's health started a precipitous decline.梅里尔的健康状况开始急剧下降。
ADJ-GRADED
急促的；轻率的；仓猝的
A precipitous action happens very quickly and often without being planned.
例：...a precipitous decision.轻率的决定
adv. 陡峭地；出乎意料地；陡然地
 - unexpectedly, steeply

Word: flammable
Front: flammable
[ˈflæməbl] (宝 18206/25367)
Vocabulary: flammable
(once / 3781 pages)
adj
Don't smoke when you're getting gas at the gas station! Gasoline is flammable, as is dry grass, old wood, cloth and mattresses.
Flammable is a pretty straightforward word with one odd fact about it. The word, inflammable, which sounds like the opposite of flammable, actually means the same thing — easily catching on fire. If you want to say that something won't catch fire easily, use fireproof and you'll be sure to be right.
WORD FAMILY
flammable: flammability, inflammable, nonflammable+/inflammability: inflammabilities/ inflammable: inflammability, inflammablest, inflammably
USAGE EXAMPLES
In response to the lie, the Finns sarcastically named their own bombs — bottles filled with flammable fuel — Molotov cocktails.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
He compared the flammable nature of a Christmas tree to a chip pan and said they burned ferociously if they caught fire.
BBC(Dec 26, 2016)
Security camera footage shows the person enter the store and spray an unknown flammable liquid, dousing Wicks and the area around him, authorities say.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 易燃的，可燃的
分布：易燃的(68%)，易燃品(20%)，可燃性的(12%)
→来自flame, 燃烧。
易燃的(flame+able)[flam,flagr=blaze,表示"火焰"]
【记】flam火，mable能－易燃的；
adjective
■describes something that burns easily 易燃的
• Caution! This solvent is highly flammable. 小心！这种溶剂是高度易燃品。
adj. [物] 易燃的； [热] 可燃的；可燃性的
 - combustible, tindery
n. [物] 易燃物
 - tinderbox, inflammable

Word: civics
Front: civics
[ˈsɪvɪks] (18360/-)
Vocabulary: civics
(once / 15718 pages)
n
The study of citizenship is called civics. If your school offers a civics class, you can learn about the importance of things like voting and paying taxes.
Student government can teach you about civics, and so can certain social studies lessons and classes that a country's new citizens sometimes take. Civics can teach you about the rights granted to citizens, as well as their responsibilities, such as serving on juries and engaging in the political process. The word civics was an American English invention, modeled on politics, from the Latin civicus, "of a citizen."
WORD FAMILY
civics
USAGE EXAMPLES
Toward that end we think more, not fewer, courses in civics and the Constitution would be a good idea for all college students.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Pinned above his desk is a picture of Tuck Gionet, a Snohomish High School civics teacher and track coach who died of cancer last year.
Washington Times(Dec 18, 2016)
On those grounds alone, the Gophers get an F in civics for their boycott.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 公民
分布：公民(100%)
['sɪv.ɪks] mainly US
noun uncountable
■the study of the way in which a local government works and of the rights and duties of the people who live in the city 市政学；公民学
n. 公民；公民学
 - citizen, people

Word: red-haired
Front: red-haired
['red'hεəd] None
Back: adj. 红头发的
分布：红发的(100%)
adj. 红发的
 - redheaded, carroty

Word: gong
Front: gong
[gɒŋ] (宝 18186/20015 -1)
Back: n. 锣; 钟状物; 〈俚〉奖章，纪念章
v. 发出锣声; 鸣锣阻止汽车前进
分布：锣(100%)
→来自马来语，模仿敲锣发出的声音。
US [gɑ:ŋ] noun countable
■a round piece of metal which is hung in a frame and hit with a stick to produce a sound, usually for musical purposes but sometimes as a signal （通常是作为乐器但有时作发信号用的）锣
UK informal
■an honour that is given to someone for the public service they have done, or a for a particular acting or singing performance 奖章；勋章；纪念章
n. 锣；钟状物；奖章
 - decoration, medal, bell

Word: undersecretary
Front: undersecretary
[ˌʌndəˈsekrətri] (18207/41512)
Back: n. 副部长; 次长; 副国务卿; 次官（政府部长的副职）
分布：副部长(60%)，次长(40%)
N-COUNT
次长；副部长
An under-secretary is a senior official with an important post in a government department.
例：...Under-Secretary of State Reginald Bartholomew.副国务卿雷金纳德·巴塞洛缪
例：...the under-secretary for Foreign Affairs.外交部副部长
n. 副部长；次长
 - Vice Minister

Word: buff
Front: buff
[bʌf] (12249/14978 -1)
Vocabulary: buff
(once / 761 pages)
1nadj 2vn 3n 4v
Buff is a busy word. If you’re a movie buff, you’re a film fan! If you’re in the buff, you’re naked. If you are buff, your muscles are toned. To buff is to polish. It’s also a creamy yellow. Whew.
You may decide to paint your living room buff or write a long letter on buff-colored stationery. There is also a soft-surfaced, yellowish kind of leather that's called buff, which is where the word came from — it was called buffe leather, or "leather made of buffalo hide," in the 16th century, and the practice of polishing leather gives buff its meaning as a verb: to polish.
WORD FAMILY
buff: buff-colored, buffed, buffer, buffest, buffing, buffly, buffs, rebuff +/ buffer: buffered, buffering, buffers/ rebuff: rebuffed, rebuffing, rebuffs
USAGE EXAMPLES
The team is a mix of fresh-out-of-college history majors, retired teachers, actors and government buffs.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Kennedy Leonard led the Buffs with 19 points.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
“I wouldn’t be surprised if Trump gets in there and buffs it up,” he said of Camp David, which was built in the 1930s.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 米色; 爱好者; 黄褐色软皮革（尤指水牛皮或黄牛皮革）; 黄皮军装上衣
adj. 浅黄色的; 米色的黄褐色软皮革（尤指水牛皮或黄牛皮革）; 黄皮革制的; <美，俚>健美的
vt. 用软物擦亮（金属）; 使皮革柔软; 减低（力量）; 减弱
vi. 作缓冲器，缓冲
时态：buffed, buffing, buffs
分布：爱好者(33%)，浅黄色(27%)，抛光(25%)，缓冲(11%)，光身子(4%)
→来自buffalo leather, 水牛皮，黄褐色。爱好者义来自美国历史上1820年纽约志愿者救火队的制服颜色，这群志愿者在当时享有非常大的声誉。
noun countable informal
■a person who knows a lot about and is very interested in a particular subject 爱好者
• a computer/opera/film buff 电脑／歌剧／电影爱好者
[bʌf] noun countable informal
in the buff informal
■naked 赤身裸体的
[bʌf] adjective
COLOUR 颜色
■(of) a pale yellowish brown colour 淡黄褐色（的），米色（的）
• a buff envelope 米色信封
[bʌf] adjective
HEALTHY 健康的
■If a man is buff, he has a body that is a good shape, as if he has done a lot of exercise. （看似因做了许多运动而）体型健美的
• He was spotted on the beach looking extremely buff. 他在海滩上出现，身材看上去十分健美。
[bʌf] verb transitive
■to rub an object made of metal, wood or leather in order to make it shine, using a soft, dry cloth （用软布）擦亮

Word: polyp
Front: polyp
[ˈpɒlɪp] (18371/13529)
Back: n. 珊瑚虫（水螅型），息肉
分布：息肉(81%)，水螅虫(14%)，鼻肉(5%)
→来自拉丁语polypus,乌贼，章鱼，来自希腊语polypos,乌贼，章鱼，来自polys,许多的，pous,脚，词源同foot.后用于指鼻息肉，因形如章鱼而得名。
US ['pɑ:.lɪp] noun countable
ANIMAL 动物
■a small simple tube-shaped water animal 水螅
UK ['pɒl.ɪp] US ['pɑ:.lɪp] noun countable
GROWTH 赘生物 specialized
■a small mass of cells that grows in the body, and is usually not harmful 息肉
n. 息肉；珊瑚虫； [无脊椎] 水螅虫
 - coral

Word: fallow
Front: fallow
[ˈfæləʊ] (托宝 18378/19417)
Vocabulary: fallow
(once / 3081 pages)
adjn
Something that is fallow is left unused. If you’re smart but lazy, someone might say you have a fallow mind.
We use the word to talk about any unused resource, it started as a work about land. Fallow comes from the old English word for plowing, and refers to the practice of leaving fields unplowed in rotation––when a field lies fallow, the soil regains nutrients that are sucked up by over-planting.
WORD FAMILY
fallow: fallows
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Nobody seems to realize that normal rules do not apply when you are interviewing a narcissist,” this behavior expert explains to Fallows.
Salon(Dec 10, 2016)
As the ground lay fallow, families moved on with their lives, settling elsewhere, growing up and growing old.
New York Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Animal carcasses included in the ban are white-tailed deer, mule deer, elk, moose, caribou, red deer, sitka deer and fallow deer.
Washington Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 犁过而未播种的，休闲的，（指耕地）未经耕作的
n. 休闲地，休耕地
分布：休耕(56%)，休耕地(17%)，休耕的(12%)，不活跃的(9%)，使休耕(6%)
→来自pel, 转，折叠，词源同fold, ply. 原指犁过的土地，后指犁过但未耕种的土地，最后指现在的词义。
【记】fall low－降低：土地休耕就会导致产量的降低fellow（n 人；家伙；伙伴）站在fallow上玩耍！
【反】in use（在使用）
US [-oʊ] adjective
LAND 土地
■describes land that is not planted with crops, in order to improve the quality of the soil 休耕的
• Farmers are eligible for government support if they let a certain amount of land lie fallow. 如果农民休耕一定面积的土地，他们就能获得政府资助。
UK ['fæl.əʊ] US [-oʊ] adjective
TIME 时间的
■describes a period of time in which very little happens （一段时间）休眠的，不活跃的
• August is a fallow period in British politics. 八月是英国政坛的沉寂期。
adj. [农] 休耕的；不活跃的
 - inactive, sleepy
vt. 使（土地） [农学] 休闲；潜伏
 - lie low, to conceal

Word: heartbroken
Front: heartbroken
[ˈhɑ:tbrəʊkən] (18229/20647)
Vocabulary: heartbroken
(once / 7553 pages)
adj
To be heartbroken is to be so sad that it feels like your heart has cracked inside your chest. You’d be heartbroken after a death, but you can also be heartbroken when you get dumped by your girlfriend or boyfriend. Waaaaaa.
When someone is heartbroken, they are deeply sorrowful or distressed. Feeling heartbroken about a tragic accident or disaster is an understandable response, and being heartbroken after a romantic breakup is basically inevitable. The word heartbroken has been used since the late 1500s, and it comes from heartbreak, which is rooted in the Old English heorte, "heart" and also "spirit" or "soul."
WORD FAMILY
heartbroken: heartbrokenly
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I appreciate the fact that you guys are heartbroken,” he said.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Q. Obviously, you got a heartbroken locker room.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Understandably he was heartbroken as friends and family in the crowd tried to console him.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 悲伤的
v. 心碎，断肠( heartbreak的过去分词 )
分布：悲伤的(100%)
US ['hɑ:rtˌbroʊ-] adjective
■extremely sad 极为伤心的，心碎的
• If she ever left him he would be heartbroken. 一旦她离开他，他就会心碎。
adj. 悲伤的，伤心的
 - sorrowful, saddest

Word: runny
Front: runny
[ˈrʌni] (18228/21923 -1)
Vocabulary: runny
(once / 56824 pages)
adj
Anything runny is dripping or flowing like liquid. If you have a runny nose, you should probably stuff some tissues into your pocket (or just use your sleeve).
Melting ice cream is runny, dripping from your cone down your arm, and an over-easy fried egg is cooked just enough so that the yolk is a little bit runny. A completely raw egg is obviously runny, and so is the nose of a person with a cold. If you're sniffling and sneezing, your nose is probably runny, or dripping with mucus.
WORD FAMILY
runny: runnier, runniness+/ forerunner: forerunners/overrun: overran, overrunning, overruns/ rerun: reran, rerunning, reruns/ run: overrun, ran, rerun, runned, runner, running, runny, runs/ runner: forerunner, runners/running: runningly, runnings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The earliest ones are a runny nose, cough and a high fever.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
The tomato sauce is just a tad sweet, and the eggs, oh, so runny.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 28, 2016)
The poached eggs could have been runnier, but the meat and potatoes were finely diced and properly crisped.
Seattle Times(Nov 17, 2016)
Back: adj. 流粘液的; 流泪的
级别：runnier, runniest
分布：流鼻涕的(60%)，水分过多的(20%)，松软的(20%)
→run,流淌，-y,形容词后缀。比喻用法。
adjective
■more liquid than usual 水分过多的；稀的
• The sauce looked runny so I added some more flour. 调味汁看上去太稀，所以我又加了些面粉。
■If your nose is runny, it is producing more mucus than usual, usually because you are ill （通常因为生病而）流鼻涕的
• I've got a runny nose today. 我今天老流鼻涕。
adj. 流鼻涕的；水分过多的
 - snorty, snotty

Word: unfaithful
Front: unfaithful
[ʌnˈfeɪθfl] (18240/19868 -1)
Back: adj. 不忠实的; 不正直的; （翻译等）不可靠的; 不贞洁的
分布：不忠实的(43%)，不可靠的(31%)，不诚实的(26%)
adjective
■having a sexual relationship or experience with a person who is not your husband, wife or usual sexual partner 不忠的，通奸的
• If a man was unfaithful to me I'd leave him no matter what the circumstances. 如果一个男人对我不忠，无论如何我都会离开他。
adj. 不忠实的；不诚实的；不准确的
 - faithless, dishonest

Word: unquestioned
Front: unquestioned
[ʌnˈkwestʃənd] (18205/19293)
Back: adj. 不成为问题的，无疑问的
分布：无可争议的(100%)
adjective
■accepted as true or right by everyone, or trusted and respected by everyone 不被怀疑的；公认的；无可争议的
• He's the unquestioned leader in his field (= no one would say that he is not the leader). 他在他那个领域是无可争议的带头人。
adj. 无争议的；不成问题的；无需调查的
 - unchallenged, unproblematic

Word: video-game
Front: video-game
None None
Back: 视频游戏；电视游戏
分布：视频游戏(100%)

Word: causation
Front: causation
[kɔ:ˈzeɪʃn] (18345/13210)
Vocabulary: causation
(once / 4192 pages)
n
Use the noun causation to talk about the process of causing something to happen. If you try to sue your brother for your bike accident, you’ll have to prove causation.
It’s easy to remember what causation means if you break it apart. Most of the word cause is in there, plus -ation, which you might recognize as a noun suffix that describes an action or process. So causation is the action of causing something. It’s a formal word, and you'll often hear it come up in legal or scientific contexts. If you become a research biologist, you might do experiments to determine causation of a particular kind of cancer.
WORD FAMILY
causation: causations+/ causal: causality, causally, noncausal/ causality: causalities/causative: causatively, noncausative/ cause: causal, causation, causative, caused, causeless, causes, causing/caused: uncaused/causeless: causelessly/causing: causings/uncaused: uncausedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Even studies showing that alterations in the microbiota correlate with disease severity, or that the microbiota normalizes with remission, fail to prove causation over correlation.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
A first book often ends childhood: Prikryl’s gorgeous, elegiac work borrows from folklore its bright aesthetic and swift, severe logic of causation.
The New Yorker(Dec 19, 2016)
Ultimately, this connection is just a correlation, with unclear causation.
Slate(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 原因，（某种结果的）出现，发生因果关系
分布：因果关系(58%)，原因(42%)
US [kɑ:-] formal
noun uncountable
■the process of causing something to happen or exist 因果过程；因果关系
n. 原因；因果关系；出现
 - consideration, occurrence, appearance, emergence, matter

Word: pessimist
Front: pessimist
[ˈpesɪmɪst] (18238/19848)
Vocabulary: pessimist
(once / 4648 pages)
n
If the world can be divided into those who see the glass half empty and those who see the glass half full, the half-empty crew are known as pessimists––they always see the worst.
The opposite of pessimist is optimist––someone who always sees thing in a positive light. Most people insist they are optimists, and when accused of pessimism suggest they're only focusing on reality. In fact, though, people who see reality as it is are called "realists."
WORD FAMILY
pessimist: pessimists+/ pessimism: pessimisms, pessimist, pessimistic / pessimistic: pessimistically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Look at all the broad indicators, say the pessimists, and they all point south.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
Unlike my dad, who was always a Pollyanna and unapologetically himself, I was an unintentional pessimist with a full assortment of emotions.
Time(Dec 16, 2016)
But the right information will allow optimists and pessimists, sceptics and evangelists, to back their convictions with their capital.
The Guardian(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 悲观主义者，悲观者; 厌世者
分布：悲观主义者(100%)
→来自pessimism,悲观主义，-ist,人。
N-COUNT
悲观主义者；悲观论者
A pessimist is someone who thinks that bad things are going to happen.
例：I'm a natural pessimist; I usually expect the worst...我是天生的悲观主义者。我总是做最坏的打算。
例：It looks as if the pessimists are being proved right.现在看来似乎悲观论者是正确的。
n. 悲观主义者
 - Jer.

Word: deformation
Front: deformation
[ˌdi:fɔ:ˈmeɪʃn] (六托 18247/17437)
Back: n. 变形; [语]词的变形; [地]金属等（在压力作用下）变形; 形态损伤，形状损毁
分布：变形(97%)，畸形(3%)
畸形;丑化(deform+ation)[form=shape,表示"形状"]
V-ERG
（使）变形;（使）成畸形;损毁…的外形
If something deforms a person's body or something else, it causes it to have an unnatural shape. In technical English, you can also say that the second thing deforms.
例：Bad rheumatoid arthritis deforms limbs...严重的类风湿性关节炎会造成四肢变形。
例：...the ability of a metal to deform to a new shape without cracking.金属重新塑形而不断裂的能力
n. [力] 变形
 - distortion, transformation, morphing

Word: uncertainly
Front: uncertainly
[ʌnˈsɜ:tnli] (18364/13211)
Back: adv. 犹豫不决地，没把握地
分布：怀疑地(50%)，不明确地(50%)
ADJ-GRADED
不确定的；迟疑的；无把握的
If you are uncertain about something, you do not know what you should do, what is going to happen, or what the truth is about something.
例：He was uncertain about his brother's intentions...他拿不准他哥哥的意图是什么。
例：They were uncertain of the total value of the transaction...他们还不确定这笔交易的总价值是多少。
ADJ-GRADED
未知的；不明了的；不确定的
If something is uncertain, it is not known or definite.
例：How far the republics can give practical help, however, is uncertain...然而，这些共和国究竟能够提供多少切实可行的帮助还未可知。
例：It's uncertain whether they will accept the plan...还不确定他们是否会接受这一方案。
PHRASE
明确地；毫不含糊地
If you say that someone tells a person something in no uncertain terms, you are emphasizing that they say it strongly and clearly so that there is no doubt about what they mean.
例：She told him in no uncertain terms to go away.她明白无误地叫他离她远远的。
adv. 不确定地；没把握地；犹豫地
 - indefinitely, vacillatingly

Word: self-perception
Front: self-perception
['selfpəs'epʃn] None
Back: 自体感受
分布：自体感受(100%)

Word: wrecked
Front: wrecked
[rekt] (18209/18717)
Back: v. 毁坏[毁灭]某物( wreck的过去式和过去分词 ); 使（船舶）失事，使遇难，使下沉
分布：迷幻的(51%)，烂醉的(33%)，动词wreck的过去式和过去分词形式.(16%)
adjective
THING 物件
■very badly damaged 遭到严重破坏的；被毁的
• Just look at what you've done to my coat - it's wrecked. 看看你对我的大衣做的好事——它全毁了。
[rekt] adjective
PERSON 人
[after verb] slang
■very drunk 酩酊大醉的
• He got completely wrecked last Saturday night. 上周六晚，他醉得一塌糊涂。
[after verb] informal
■very tired 非常疲惫的
adj. 失事的（船）；迷幻的，兴奋的
 - crashed, heady

Word: dragonfly
Front: dragonfly
[ˈdrægənflaɪ] (托 18401/21078)
Back: n. 蜻蜓
分布：蜻蜓(100%)
→因其形如小龙而得名。
noun countable
■a large insect with a long thin brightly coloured body and two pairs of transparent wings 蜻蜓
n. [昆] 蜻蜓
 - mosquito hawk, Tombow, Shafrir

Word: angling
Front: angling
[ˈæŋglɪŋ] (18276/15714 -1)
Back: n. 钓鱼，钓鱼术; 角化
分布：钓鱼(80%)，钓鱼术(15%)，动词angle的现在分词形式.(5%)
noun uncountable
■the sport of trying to catch fish with a rod, line (= plastic thread) and hook (= curved piece of wire) 垂钓运动；钓鱼
n. 钓鱼；钓鱼术
 - gentle craft

Word: anti-communist
Front: anti-communist
['ænti'kɔmjunist] None
Back: adj. 反共的
n. 反共分子[亦作 anticommunist]
分布：反共(100%)

Word: stand-in
Front: stand-in
[ˈstændˌɪn] None
Back: n. 替身，代替人（或物）
分布：替身(100%)
noun countable
■a person who takes the place or does the job of another person for a short time, for example because the other person is ill or on holiday （临时的）顶替者，代替者
• The lecturer didn't turn up, so we had to find a stand-in. 演讲者没来，因此我们得找个人临时顶替。
n. 替身
 - avatars

Word: earphone
Front: earphone
['ɪəfəʊn] (18386/23536)
Back: n. 耳机，听筒
分布：耳机(88%)，听筒(12%)
N-COUNT
耳机
Earphones are a small piece of equipment which you wear over or inside your ears so that you can listen to a radio or cassette recorder without anyone else hearing.
N-COUNT
(电话)听筒
An earphone is the part of a telephone receiver or other device that you hold up to your ear or put into your ear.
n. [电讯] 耳机；听筒
 - phone, headset

Word: run-in
Front: run-in
[ˈrʌnˌɪn] (-2)
Vocabulary: run-in
(once / 22471 pages)
n
A run-in is a confrontation or an argument. Peaceful protests go more smoothly when protestors avoid run-ins with the police.
If you get in a fight with your brother about how he never loads the dishwasher, you can call that a run-in. A more serious kind of run-in might be a shoplifter's run-in with a store security guard or a basketball player's angry run-in with a referee that gets him benched for the rest of the season. Before 1905, run-in meant an instance of actually running somewhere.
WORD FAMILY
run-in
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was not Mr. Flynn’s first run-in with the civilian intelligence community.
New York Times(Dec 12, 2016)
After a run-in with a teacher that landed her in jail briefly, she finished high school in an alternative program.
Seattle Times(Nov 25, 2016)
At one point in the scene, Luke has a run-in with a bag of flour.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 18, 2016)
Back: n. 争论，口角; 试车; 插入部分; 平行式
分布：插入部分(40%)，试车(40%)，口角(20%)
['rʌn.ɪn] informal
noun countable
■If you have a run-in with someone, you have a serious argument with them or you get into trouble with them 激烈的争执，争吵；冲突
• I had a run-in with the boss/the law/the police yesterday. 昨天我跟老板大吵了一架／做了一件违法的事／和员警发生了冲突。
n. 试车；插入部分；争论
 - controversy, combat

Word: coo
Front: coo
[ku:] (18409/24894 -1)
Vocabulary: coo
(once / 2141 pages)
nv
A coo is the low, sweet sound that a bird makes, especially a dove or pigeon. If a dove builds a nest outside your open window, you'll be able to hear its coos every morning.
There is a small, gray pigeon that's called a mourning dove because its coo is so sad sounding. When you hear a bird making this distinctive sound, you can also say that it coos — and if a person murmurs in a low, soft voice, you can say that she coos too. The word coo has been used since at least the late 1600s, and its origin is probably imitative, the word sounding very much like the sound it describes.
WORD FAMILY
coo: cooed, cooing, coos
USAGE EXAMPLES
Backs are slapped and babies cooed over; a civilised babble fills the space.
Economist(Dec 20, 2016)
For 34 years, Burton, of Bath, served the council’s District One, which includes Coos and Grafton counties and a total of 108 communities.
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
The Pacific Connector Pipeline would cut through Jackson County on its way to a proposed export facility north of Coos Bay.
Washington Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: vi. （鸽）咕咕地叫; 低声软语地说，温柔亲切地说
vt. （鸽）咕咕地叫; 温柔可爱地说话
n. 咕咕声; 鸽子的叫声
时态：cooed, cooing, coos
分布：咕咕地叫(85%)，鸽叫声(15%)
→拟声词。
[ku:] (cooing, cooed, cooed)
verb intransitive
■When birds such as doves and pigeons coo, they make a low soft call. （鸽子等）咕咕地叫
■to speak in a soft, gentle or loving way 低声细语，轻柔地低语；呢喃
• The baby lay in his cot, cooing and gurgling. 婴儿躺在自己的小床上，咿咿呀呀，咯咯笑着。
• It's sickening the way she coos over those cats of hers. 她对她那些猫柔声低语的样子令人作呕。
• [+ speech] "How wonderful to see you again, darling," she cooed. “又见到你真高兴，亲爱的。”她柔声低语道。
n. 咕咕声；鸽子的叫声
 - cuckoo

Word: washcloth
Front: washcloth
[ˈwɒʃklɒθ] (18398/-)
Back: n. 毛巾，面巾，浴巾
分布：毛巾(73%)，面巾(27%)
US ['wɑ:ʃ.klɑ:θ] noun countable US for facecloth
n. 毛巾；面巾；洗碟布
 - towel, face-cloth

Word: convoluted
Front: convoluted
[ˈkɒnvəlu:tɪd] (宝 18275/20323)
Vocabulary: convoluted
(once / 14206 pages)
adj
If something is convoluted, it's intricate and hard to understand. You'll need to read over your brother's convoluted investment scheme a few times before deciding whether or not to go in on it.
Convoluted comes from the Latin convolutus for rolled up together. Its original meaning in English was exactly that, first for eaves coiled up on themselves, then for anything rolled or knotted together. Over time convoluted took on its metaphorical sense of complicated and intricate, which is how it's generally used today. People complain about convoluted legal language and the convoluted tax code.
WORD FAMILY
convolute: convoluted, convolutes, convoluting, convolution+/convolution: convolutions
USAGE EXAMPLES
Each personality description gets a little convoluted, but suffice it to say that this is at least an interesting way to approach losing weight.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The case, though, against the men proved to be extremely convoluted as the only law pertaining to piracy in the US was 200 years old.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
The result is a convoluted workaround many fishermen view as nonsensical.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 盘绕的，卷曲的; 复杂的
v. 回旋，卷绕，盘旋( convolute的过去式和过去分词 )
分布：费解的(71%)，旋绕的(22%)，动词convolute的过去式和过去分词.(7%)
→con-, 强调。-vol, 转，旋转，词源同Volvo, volume.
【记】con共同，volut转－共同转－把大家转的晕头转向的－费解的
【参】revolutionary（adj 革命的）
【反】straightforward（adj 正直坦率的；简单易懂的；直接了当的）
US ['kɑ:n.və.lu:.tˌɪd] adjective
■very twisted 盘绕的；弯曲的，曲折的
• a very convoluted route/knot 曲折盘旋的路线／缠绕的绳结
■describes sentences, explanations and arguments, etc. that are unreasonably long and difficult to understand （句子、解释、论据等）冗长费解的，繁复晦涩的
• His grammar explanations are terribly convoluted. 他对文法的讲解非常晦涩难懂。
• Her book is full of long, convoluted sentences. 她的书里全是些冗长晦涩的句子。
adj. 复杂的；费解的；旋绕的
 - complicated, sophisticated, involved, detailed, intricate

Word: aegis
Front: aegis
[ˈi:dʒɪs] (宝 18213/19062)
Vocabulary: aegis
(once / 12743 pages)
1n 2n
To be under the aegis of an organization is to be sponsored or protected by them. For instance, you were under the aegis of the Peace Corps when you were living in Swaziland.
The noun aegis comes from the Greek word Aigis, which was the name of Zeus’s shield. That’s Zeus, the most powerful Greek god, who probably had a pretty tough shield, even though it was made of goatskin. To say that something or someone is under the aegis of another is basically saying that they have the strength of Zeus on their side. Or, at least, whoever is protecting them will be as Zeus-like as possible in their support.
WORD FAMILY
aegis: aegises
USAGE EXAMPLES
It will not, as earlier reports indicated, be her own fully-fledged fashion line under the aegis of Coach.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Aegis also said it created legal uncertainty and called for improvements.
Reuters(Nov 09, 2016)
Similarly, White praises Grant’s assimilationist “peace policy” toward American Indians, but skips over the climactic wars fought under his aegis.
New York Times(Oct 19, 2016)
Back: n. 保护; 支持; 由…主办; 在…的支持下
分布：庇护(46%)，保护(36%)，资助(9%)，宙斯盾(9%)
→来自词根aig, 羊，同amnion, 羊膜。希腊神话中天神宙斯由母山羊养大，为答谢母山羊养育之恩，宙斯赋予其神力。由此母山羊皮制成的盾坚固无比，此盾后送给雅典娜。
【源】原指希腊神话中宙斯Zeus的帝盾或胸铠（羊皮盾），后来成为雅典娜的象征，盾中心装有美杜莎的头像。引申为保护，庇护。
【记】读：遗址s。既然是遗址（譬如：圆明园和故宫）当然需要保护。【九阴真经第六章】难得糊涂。大家发现了吧！读音对于背单词来说可以提供很多的线索，但有时候你不能发的太准，因为这些词你以后再也不会见到了，读那么准有用吗？各位发音大师们，糊涂一回吧，你们大可以把这个单词读成遗址。背单词才是咱们的目的！聪明难，糊涂更难！
['i:.dʒɪs] formal
noun
under the aegis of sb/sth
■with the protection or support of someone or something, especially an organization 在（尤指某个组织）的保护（或支持）下
• The project was set up under the aegis of the university. 该企划案是在这所大学的支持下开展的。
n. 保护；庇护；支持；赞助
 - protection, lee, safeguard, conservation, holding

Word: horseradish
Front: horseradish
[ˈhɔ:srædɪʃ] (18399/26922)
Back: n. 山葵，其根所制调味剂
分布：山葵(100%)
→horse,马，此处表强调大，radish,萝卜。
US ['hɔ:rs-] noun uncountable
■a plant with large green leaves and a long white root with a strong sharp taste 山葵
• roast beef and horseradish sauce 烤牛肉配山葵酱

Word: friendly
Front: friendly
[ˈfrendli] (中高 2760/2241 -K3)
Vocabulary: friendly
(once / 104 pages)
1adj 2adjn 3adj
Friendly, describes people who are kind, caring, and make you feel comfortable. You might be new to town, but the people are so friendly that you'll soon feel right at home.
The noun friend is at the root of the adjective friendly. When you're friendly, you treat everyone like a friend — with warmth and respect. A friendly game of badminton is by definition not too serious or competitive, and a vegetarian-friendly menu makes non meat-eaters feel welcome, just as user-friendly instructions make it easy for non-professionals to follow the directions.
WORD FAMILY
friendly: friendlier, friendlies, friendliest, friendlily, friendliness, unfriendly+/ friend: friendless, friendly, friends, friendship /friendless: friendlessly, friendlessness/friendliness: friendlinesses/ friendship: friendships/unfriendly: unfriendlier, unfriendliest, unfriendliness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The former Colombia goalkeeper wowed the crowd at the old Wembley with his clearance in a friendly against England in 1995.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
We hope the new board will simplify this and conduct its discussions on key issues in a more public friendly manner.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Why be such a grouch when people are just trying to be friendly?
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 友好的，亲密的; 有帮助的; 互助的
n. 友谊赛
级别：friendlier, friendliest
分布：友好的(74%)，友善的(16%)，友好地(10%)
友好的(friend朋友)[-ly 1.表形容词,通常加在名词后2.表副词,通常放在形容词后]
a.友好的,友谊的The talk was conducted in a friendly atmosphere.会谈是在热情友好的气氛中进行的.
adjective
 ESSENTIAL
■behaving in a pleasant, kind way towards someone 友好的，友善的
• a friendly face/smile 友好的面容／微笑
• Our neighbours have always been very friendly to/towards us. 我们的邻居们一直对我们很友好。
• I'm on quite friendly terms with my daughter's teacher. 我和我女儿的老师关系处得很不错。
• Are you friendly with (= a friend of) Graham? 你跟格雷厄姆是朋友吗？
Opposite unfriendly describes a place that is pleasant and that makes you feel happy and comfortable （某处）舒适的，令人愉快的
• It's a friendly little restaurant. 那是一家让人感觉很舒适的小餐馆。
■A friendly game or argument is one which you play or have for pleasure and in order to practise your skills, rather than playing or arguing seriously with the aim of winning （比赛或辩论）友谊的，非对抗的
• We were having a friendly argument about Green politics. 我们就关注环保的政治主张进行了一番友好的辩论。
• The teams are playing a friendly match on Sunday. 两队将在周日进行一场友谊赛。
■Friendly countries and friendly soldiers are ones who are not your enemies and who are working or fighting with you. （国家）友好的；（士兵）友军的
['frend.li] noun countable
■a game which is played for enjoyment and in order to practise, not with the aim of winning points as part of a serious competition 友谊赛
• The rugby club has a friendly next week against the Giants. 该橄榄球俱乐部下星期要和巨人队打一场友谊赛。
friendly, cordial, kind
这组词都有“友好的，亲切的”的意思，其区别是：
friendly: 指举止像朋友一样，往往怀着满腔热情，乐意助人。
cordial: 较正式用词，指亲切热诚，情意真挚。
kind: 指考虑周到，体谅他人，乐于助人。
adj. 友好的；亲切的；支持的；融洽的，和睦的
 - harmonious, united, sweet, supporting, benign
adv. 友善地；温和地
 - gently, soft

Word: juggernaut
Front: juggernaut
['dʒʌɡə(r).nɔːt] (宝 18257/21121)
Vocabulary: juggernaut
(once / 22995 pages)
n
Juggernaut means a massive force. If the army marching into your country is a juggernaut, you're doomed. If you're trying to market a new Cola product, you're up against corporate giant Coca-Cola, a beverage juggernaut if ever there was one.
With its roots in Hindi, juggernaut originally referred to a crude statue from which the Hindu god, Brahma, turned into the living god, Krishna. There continues to be a festival in honor of this miracle, in which a statue of Krishna is carted through town. It is said that in times past, devotees would throw themselves under the cart’s wheels.
WORD FAMILY
juggernaut: juggernauts
USAGE EXAMPLES
Watson was throwing more picks and an offense that welcomed back star receiver Mike Williams was not quite the unstoppable juggernaut so many expected.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Star Wars: The Force Awakens was a juggernaut that satisfied both diehard fans and casual observers of the saga.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Mark Dunton, a specialist in modern records at the National Archives, calls it a "juggernaut".
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 重型卡车; 巨大的力量[物体]
分布：摧毁一切的强大力量(100%)
→来自印度语Jagannath,宇宙之主，印度主神Vishnu的敬称，来自梵语jagat,世界，宇宙，natha,主，上帝。拼写受英语词根naut影响俗化，来自nau,船，导航，词源同nautical,navigate.该词原指在印度奥里萨邦Puri地区举行的的宗教节日，人们把主神Jagannath的巨大雕像放在巨大的推车上，然后从一座庙拉到另一座庙，由于车轮巨大的惯性，常有民众因此丧生，甚至有虔诚的民众自愿投身到滚滚车轮之下被碾死。因此引申词义巨大的力量，无法控制的强大机构。比较西孟加拉邦宗教节日Durga Puja.
【记】源于在印度东部进行的一年一度的游行中，扎哥劳特（juggernaut）的神像被载于巨车马车上，善男信女甘愿投身死于其轮下。
US [-ɚ.nɑ:t] noun countable
VEHICLE 车辆 UK (US semi(-trailer)) (tractor-trailer)
■a very large heavy truck 重型货车
• The peace of the village has been shattered by juggernauts thundering through it. 轰隆隆开过的大卡车打破了村庄的宁静。
UK ['dʒʌg.ə.nɔ:t] US [-ɚ.nɑ:t] noun countable
POWERFUL FORCE 强大的力量 disapproving
■a large powerful force or organization that cannot be stopped 不可抗拒的强大力量（或组织）

Word: platelet
Front: platelet
[ˈpleɪtlət] (18071/6327)
Back: n. 血小板，小盘，小板
分布：血小板(100%)
→来自plate,板，盘子，-let,小词后缀。引申词义血小板。
['pleɪt.lət] specialized
noun countable
■a very small cell in the blood that makes it thicker and more solid in order to stop bleeding caused by an injury 血小板
n. [组织] [生物] 血小板；薄片
 - slice, thrombocyte

Word: polarity
Front: polarity
[pəˈlærəti] (六宝 18404/16564)
Vocabulary: polarity
(once / 10620 pages)
n
Polarity is a relationship between two opposite characteristics or tendencies, like the polarity of two sides of a debate, or of the superhero and villain in a comic book.
Polarity can literally refer to a positive or negative electric charge. Less literally, it indicates something with two opposing but related qualities. You might visualize polarity as a battery holder with a plus sign on one end and a negative on the other. More than just opposites, polarity suggests opposites that are interconnected. What would the light of day be without the dark of night? Good without evil? Yin without Yang?
WORD FAMILY
polarity: polarities+/depolarise: depolarised, depolarising/depolarization: depolarizations/depolarize: depolarization, depolarized, depolarizes, depolarizing/ polar: bipolar, circumpolar, nonpolar, polarise, polarity, polarize, polarly, transpolar/polarisation: depolarisation/polarise: depolarise, polarisation, polarised, polarises, polarising/ polarization: polarizations/ polarize: depolarize, polarization, polarized, polarizes, polarizing/ pole: polar, poled, poles, poling
USAGE EXAMPLES
Adding to the intrigue of this wager is the polarity of the bets.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Each ring maintained a magnetic field traveling around the ring and holding its polarity until it received a signal from the wires to change direction.
New York Times(Nov 17, 2016)
You could be forgiven for believing that maybe the polarities of karma have reversed, and the world now belongs to jerks.
Wall Street Journal(Oct 19, 2016)
Back: n. [物]极性; [生]反向性; 对立; [数]配极
分布：极性(93%)，两极(6%)，磁性引力(1%)
→来自pole,地级，两级，-ity,名词后缀。
US [poʊ'ler.ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
OPPOSITE 相反
■the quality of being opposite 截然相反，截然对立
• The film is based on the polarity of the two main characters. 这部电影以两个主角在性格上的迥异为基础。
UK [pəʊ'lær.ə.ti] US [poʊ'ler.ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
PLACE 地方
■the quality of having two poles 两极性
• reversed polarity 极性逆转
n. [物] 极性；两极；对立
 - antagonism, opponency

Word: italics
Front: italics
[ɪˈtælɪks] (18391/-)
Back: n. 斜体，斜体字; 斜体字( italic的名词复数 )
分布：名词Italic的复数形式.(100%)
→来自italic,斜体字的。
plural noun
■a style of writing or printing in which the letters lean to the right 斜体
• This sentence is printed in italics. 这个句子是用斜体排印的。
n. 斜体字，斜体
 - italic type

Word: cropped
Front: cropped
[krɒpt] (18211/20152 -1)
Back: adj. 裁切不正的
分布：裁切不正的(60%)，动词crop的过去式和过去分词形式.(20%)，用于农作物生长的(20%)
ADJ
(服装)偏短的
Cropped items of clothing are shorter than normal.
例：Women athletes wear cropped tops and tight shorts.女运动员穿着短上衣和紧身短裤。

Word: fascinated
Front: fascinated
[ˈfæsɪneɪtɪd] (18237/19346)
Vocabulary: fascinated
(once / 812 pages)
adj
When you're fascinated, you're hypnotized, mesmerized, spellbound, and transfixed — totally absorbed by something.
There are two ways to be fascinated: You can be fascinated by something happening right now, like an interesting new video game you're playing. Other fascinations are more long term, like a scientist who devotes his life to studying birds because he's fascinated by them. Things that make you fascinated have to be so interesting and so intriguing that it feels like they have a magic grip on your attention span.
WORD FAMILY
fascinated: fascinatedly+/ fascinate: fascinated, fascinates, fascinating, fascination / fascinating: fascinatingly/ fascination: fascinations
USAGE EXAMPLES
“What fascinated me most was Churchill as a young child,” says the actor.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
They were fascinated by the lizard’s impeccable choppers, which they say reminded them of President Obama’s smile.
Science Magazine(Dec 29, 2016)
He’s fascinated by history, especially the exploits of the Works Progress Administration, the New Deal program that put Americans to work during the Depression.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 着迷的; 被深深吸引的
v. 使着迷; 使陶醉
分布：着迷的(77%)，入迷的(14%)，动词fascinate的过去式和过去分词.(9%)
US [-tˌɪd] adjective
■extremely interested 极感兴趣的；入迷的
• We watched fascinated as he cleaned and repaired the watch. 他清洁和修理手表时我们兴致高昂地看着。
• I was fascinated to hear about his travels in Bhután. 我着迷地听他讲他的不丹之旅。
• They were absolutely fascinated by the game. 他们完全被这个游戏吸引住了。
adj. 着迷的；被深深吸引的
 - crazy, mad
v. 使着迷；使陶醉（fascinate的过去分词）
 - hypnotised, hexed

Word: spar
Front: spar
[spɑ:(r)] (18251/16779 -1)
Vocabulary: spar
(once / 982 pages)
1nv 2nv 3n
If you spar with someone, you exchange light blows — either literally by punching each other, or figuratively by exchanging verbal blows.
If you box, you might spar with an opponent at the gym while you're training. You don't strike too hard — it’s just practice. Similarly, if you spar with words, you typically do it playfully and without anger. You might repeatedly spar with your mom about who makes the best meatloaf, but it’s all in good fun. Spar is also the name of a rigging pole, as well as of some light minerals like calcite, that you can cut through.
WORD FAMILY
spar: sparred, sparring, spars+/sparring: sparrings
USAGE EXAMPLES
In between, Democrats and Republicans sparred repeatedly about that number.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Father Pfleger, who often spars with elected officials, said he was searching for fresh ways to draw attention to the plague of gun violence.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
A British Boxing Board of Control hearing into the unsanctioned sparring session will be held in January.
BBC(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 圆材，晶石; [航]翼梁; 拳斗; 斗鸡
vi. （拳击练习中）不用力打; 试击; 争论，争吵; （鸡）用脚踢斗
时态：sparred, sparring, spars
分布：争吵(55%)，拳击(27%)，金属柱(9%)，拳击赛(9%)
→可能来自中古法语 esparer,踢，击打，来自意大利语 sparare,踢，投掷，来自拉丁语 ex-,向外， parere,准备，挡开，词源同 prepare,parry.原指斗鸡游戏开斗时准备，后用于指人的拳击练习， 引申比喻义争论，讨论，通常在比较友好的氛围下进行。spar 桅杆，翼梁
US [spɑ:r] verb intransitive (-rr-)
■to practise boxing , without hitting hard （作为练习）轻拳出击
■to argue 争论，争吵
• Frank and Jill always spar with each other at meetings, but they're good friends really. 法兰克和吉尔总是在会议上争吵，可他俩确实是好朋友。
UK [spɑ:r] US [spɑ:r] noun countable specialized
■a strong pole, especially one used as a mast to hold the sail on a ship （尤指船上用作桅杆的）圆材
n. [矿物] 晶石；圆材（如桅、桁等）；争论；拳斗
 - controversy, combat
vi. 争论；拳击
 - box, debate

Word: muscle
Front: muscle
[ˈmʌsl] (研四六宝 1713/2314 -K3)
Vocabulary: muscle
(once / 167 pages)
nv
Do you have the muscle to muscle your way to the top? Muscle is both a noun and verb associated with strength, power, or the use of physical force.
In addition to biological muscle, like the biceps in your arms, muscle can refer simply to power or authority, as in “We have the muscle to get the job done.” Muscle can also refer to a hired thug. In a similar sense, muscle is used as a verb to mean “use force.” A bully might muscle someone out of their lunch money, or you might muscle your way through a crowd by pushing people out of your way.
WORD FAMILY
muscle: muscled, muscles, muscling, muscular +/intramuscular: intramuscularly/ muscular: intramuscular, muscularity, muscularly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Enter body scanners, which allow you to visualize your muscle gain and see, in three dimensions, how — and where — you are losing fat.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Commonly called “secondary hearts,” these muscles pump blood back to our heart, allowing us to maintain our normal rate of metabolic activity during sedentary activities.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
The former is prescribed for the painful muscle spasms that occur in multiple sclerosis, while the latter is aimed at childhood seizures.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 肌肉; 力量; 权威，权力
vt. 硬挤; 使劲搬动
vi. 用力挤
时态：muscled, muscling, muscles
分布：肌肉(98%)，硬挤(1%)，变硬实(1%)
→来自拉丁语musculus,小老鼠，肌肉，来自mus,老鼠，词源同mouse,-cul,小词后缀。因古人认为鼓起的肌肉形如跳跃的小老鼠而得名。
n.肌肉,体力He developed leg muscles by running.他通过跑步使腿部的肌肉发达了.
noun
BODY PART 身体部分
 IMPROVER countable or uncountable
■one of many tissues in the body that can tighten and relax to produce movement 肌肉
• neck/back/leg/stomach muscles 颈／背／腿／胃部肌肉
• facial muscles 脸部肌肉
• bulging/rippling (= large and clear to see) muscles 鼓起的肌肉
• He flexed his muscles (= tightened, especially his arm muscles, to make them look large and strong) so that everyone could admire them. 他将肌肉紧绷起来，这样大家就能欣赏到他的肌肉块。
• These exercises build muscle and increase stamina. 这些运动能强健肌肉、增强体力。
• a muscle spasm (= a sudden uncontrollable tightening movement) 肌肉痉挛
pull a muscle
 IMPROVER
■to injure a muscle by stretching it too far so that it is very painful 拉伤肌肉
• Russell pulled a back muscle early in the game. 比赛开始没多久拉塞尔就拉伤了背部肌肉。
['mʌs.l] noun
POWER 力量
uncountable
■the power to do difficult things or to make people behave in a certain way 力量，实力
• This magazine has considerable financial muscle and can afford to pay top journalists. 这家杂志财力雄厚，雇得起顶尖的记者。
• The company lacks the marketing muscle to compete with drug giants. 这家公司缺乏行销实力，无法与制药巨头竞争。
['mʌs.l] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  muscle in informal
■to force your way into a situation and make certain you are included, although you are not wanted 强行挤入
• I hear Mark's muscled in on our meeting. 我听说马克强行参加了我们的会议。
n. 肌肉；力量
 - strength, force, might, power, beef
vt. 加强；使劲搬动；使劲挤出
 - enhance, cement, build up

Word: hard-earned
Front: hard-earned
[ˈhɑ:dˈə:nd] None
Back: adj. 辛苦得到的; 来之不易
分布：辛苦得到的(100%)
US [ˌhɑ:rd'ɝ:nd] adjective
■If something such as a holiday is hard-earned, you deserve it because you have been working very hard. 辛苦赚来的；来之不易的

Word: aggrieved
Front: aggrieved
[əˈgri:vd] (18267/11360 -1)
Back: adj. 愤愤不平的，受委屈的; 悲痛的; <律>（在合法权利方面）受侵害的
v. 令委屈，令苦恼，侵害( aggrieve的过去式); 令委屈，令苦恼，侵害( aggrieve的过去式和过去分词)
分布：受到侵犯的(44%)，动词aggrieve的过去式和过去分词.(28%)，痛心的(28%)
→前缀ag-同ad-, 向，往。-grieve, 同词根grav。指沉重的，受委屈的。
【记】ag作，griev悲伤，ed表形容词－悲伤的
【参】grievous（adj 令人忧伤的）；grief（n 悲伤）
adjective
■unhappy and angry because of unfair treatment 感到委屈的；愤愤不平的
• He felt aggrieved at not being chosen for the team. 没有入选该球队，他感到很委屈。
• One aggrieved customer complained that he still hadn't received the book he had ordered several weeks ago. 一位顾客愤愤不平地投诉称他仍未收到几周前订购的书。
adj. 受委屈的，愤愤不平的；权利受到不法侵害的
 - indignant
v. 侵害，伤害（aggrieve的过去分词形式）；使悲痛
 - attacked

Word: restorative
Front: restorative
[rɪˈstɔ:rətɪv] (宝 18355/26517)
Vocabulary: restorative
(once / 5866 pages)
adjn
Restorative things give you energy or make you feel better. Your dad might have a favorite restorative chicken soup he makes you whenever you have a cold.
Antibiotics can be restorative to a patient with an infection, and a good night's sleep is almost always restorative, no matter how tired you are. If something brings you back to life or helps you recover, it's restorative. Sometimes people use this word as a noun, to mean "medicine for strength." Restorative has a Latin root, restaurare, "repair, rebuild, or renew."
WORD FAMILY
restorative: restoratives+/ restoration: restorations/ restore: restoration, restorative, restored, restorer, restores, restoring/restorer: restorers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Cooking like this is sometimes called comfort food, but I think of the menu and everything else about the Odeon as restorative.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Barnips Lozenges, Coltsfoot Rock, and Teddy Gray's Herbal Tablets are among the old-fashioned restoratives still occupying a place in our medicine cabinets.
BBC(Dec 26, 2016)
The officer with the most opportunities to refer youth to restorative justice is the school resource officer.
Washington Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: adj. 有恢复健康作用的，滋补的
n. 滋补品，补药; 兴奋剂
分布：恢复的(44%)，恢复药(28%)，使恢复的东西(14%)，恢复健康和体力的(14%)
US [-'stɔ:r.ə.tˌɪv] old-fashioned
noun countable
■something which makes you feel better or more energetic if you are feeling tired or ill 有恢复作用的事物；使恢复精力的事物；促进健康恢复的事物
• After a hard day at the office, a hot bath is a welcome restorative. 在办公室辛苦工作了一天后，泡个热水澡真是舒爽提神。
adj. 滋补的，有助于复元的； [医] 恢复健康的
 - tonic

Word: suitability
Front: suitability
[ˌsju:tə'bɪlətɪ] (18431/9916)
Back: n. 合适，适合
分布：适合(73%)，适当(27%)
ADJ-GRADED
合适的;适宜的;适当的
Someone or something that is suitable for a particular purpose or occasion is right or acceptable for it.
例：Employers usually decide within five minutes whether someone is suitable for the job...雇主通常在 5 分钟内就能决定一个人是否适合这份工作。
例：She had no other dress suitable for the occasion...她没有其他适合这种场合穿的套裙。
n. 适合；适当；相配
 - fitness, conformity, relevance

Word: pucker
Front: pucker
[ˈpʌkə(r)] (宝 18425/23964)
Vocabulary: pucker
(once / 2548 pages)
vn
Pucker is a verb for what happens when something smooth or flat gets folded up into little wrinkles, like how you pucker your lips when you go to kiss someone — you, wild flirt, you!
When you use a sewing machine, sometimes the cloth puckers in wrinkly clumps that make it hard to sew in a straight line. Most of the time, it’s lips that do the puckering, maybe because you want a kiss, but also sucking on a lemon can make your lips pucker. If someone tells you to “pucker up,” they might want to kiss you, or they might throw a sour pickle at your head. Either way, get ready.
WORD FAMILY
pucker: puckered, puckering, puckers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The rest is left to Alec Baldwin: the puckered lips, a studied lumbering gait and a wariness of humanizing a man he reviles.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
There’s a decorative lipstick pucker on the side, too—as if somebody’s mother were asked to reaffirm the sentiment with a smooch.
The New Yorker(Dec 14, 2016)
And what’s with the weird pulling and puckering on a dress that looked great on the hanger?
Wall Street Journal(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. （使某物）起褶子或皱纹
n. （衣服上的）皱纹，褶子
时态：puckered, puckering, puckers
分布：使折叠(51%)，起皱(31%)，褶皱(18%)
→来自pock,鼓起，口袋，词源同pocket.-er,表反复。后引申词义皱起，噘嘴等。
【记】读：拍拖－需要kiss，就会噘嘴，就会起皱
US [-ɚ] (also pucker up)
verb intransitive or transitive
■to tighten skin or cloth until small folds appear or (of skin or cloth) to form small folds 使（皮肤或布料）起皱
• He puckered his lips and kissed her. 他噘起嘴唇吻了她。
• Her mouth puckered and I thought she was going to cry. 她噘起了嘴，我想她要哭出来了。
• puckered seams 有皱的边缝
vt. 折叠；使起皱；使缩拢
 - fold, infold
vi. 折叠；皱起；缩拢
 - gather
n. 皱纹；皱褶
 - rugosity, wrinkle

Word: furnished
Front: furnished
[ˈfɜ:nɪʃt] (高 18244/14915 -1)
Vocabulary: furnished
(once / 186 pages)
adj
Something that's furnished is supplied with whatever it needs. A fully furnished kitchen has every appliance and ingredient you need to cook meals for yourself.
When you rent a furnished apartment, it comes will all the furniture you need, including a bed, chairs, table, dresser, and sofa. If your sewing kit is furnished, it's got all the needles, thread, pins, and scissors you require. When you're not describing a home, furnished means "equipped," from furnish, from the 15th century meaning "equip or provision," or "provide to soldiers."
WORD FAMILY
furnished: unfurnished+/ furnish: furnished, furnishes, furnishing, refurnish/furnishing: furnishings/refurnish: refurnished, refurnishing
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s the neighborhood’s plaza, a traffic circle furnished with crayon-color folding chairs and umbrellas, tables.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
His Silicon Valley home is bizarre, even vulgar, furnished with intrusive gadgets and transgressive nude sculptures.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
The Astor is furnished, while the Dartmouth and Montauk are not.
Washington Post(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: adj. 家具，有家具的
v. 陈设，布置( furnish的过去式和过去分词); 提供，装备
分布：动词furnish的过去式和过去分词.(100%)
US ['fɝ:-] adjective
■containing furniture or furniture of a particular type 配备（某种）家具的
• She's looking for a furnished flat/apartment. 她正在找配备家俱的公寓。
• Their house is expensively furnished. 他们把房子布置得很豪华。
v. 供应；装备（furnish的过去分词）
 - equipped

Word: stringy
Front: stringy
[ˈstrɪŋi] (18434/24250)
Back: adj. 纤维的
级别：stringier, stringiest
分布：绳的(36%)，线(34%)，纤维的(30%)
→string,弦，线，-y,形容词后缀。引申比喻义干枯的，细条的。
adjective
■similar to string 细绳状的；线状的；多筋的
• These beans are rather stringy (= hard and difficult to chew). 这些豆子又老又硬。
adj. 绳的；纤维的；线；多筋的
 - fibrous

Word: nakedness
Front: nakedness
['neɪkɪdnəs] (18405/20407)
Back: n. 裸出
分布：裸(82%)，赤裸裸(14%)，显明(4%)
noun uncountable
■the state of being naked 赤裸，裸露
• Adam and Eve tried to hide their nakedness with fig leaves. 亚当和夏娃试图用无花果树叶遮掩他们裸露的身体。
n. 赤裸；明显；赤身裸体
 - evidence, patency

Word: superbly
Front: superbly
[sju:ˈpɜ:blɪ] (18258/9962)
Back: adv. 庄重地; 华美地; 极好地; 上等地
分布：壮丽地(67%)，极度地(33%)
ADJ-GRADED
极佳的;卓越的;质量极高的
If something is superb, its quality is very good indeed.
例：There is a superb 18-hole golf course 6 miles away...6 英里外有一个一流的 18 洞高尔夫球场。
例：The waters are crystal clear and offer a superb opportunity for swimming.这片水域水质清澈，是游泳的绝佳场所。
ADJ-GRADED
(信心、控制力、技巧)非同一般的，超凡的
If you say that someone has superb confidence, control, or skill, you mean that they have very great confidence, control, or skill.
例：With superb skill he managed to make a perfect landing.他凭借超凡的技术实现了完美着陆。
adv. 雄伟地；壮丽地；上等地；庄重地
 - majestically, in state

Word: militancy
Front: militancy
['mɪlɪtənsɪ] (18430/16045)
Back: n. 战斗性，交战状态
分布：战斗性(69%)，交战状态(31%)
ADJ-GRADED
激进的;好战的
You use militant to describe people who believe in something very strongly and are active in trying to bring about political or social change, often in extreme ways that other people find unacceptable.
例：Militant mineworkers in the Ukraine have voted for a one-day stoppage next month.乌克兰激进的矿工们已经投票决定下个月罢工一天。
例：...one of the most active militant groups.最为活跃的激进团体之一
n. 战斗性；交战状态
 - belligerency

Word: tutelage
Front: tutelage
[ˈtju:təlɪdʒ] (宝 18256/22184)
Vocabulary: tutelage
(once / 6809 pages)
n
If you babysit and tutor younger children after school, the kids are under your tutelage. You are responsible for their care and education.
Tutelage can mean guardianship as well as teaching and sometimes it's difficult to tell which sense is meant. If an athlete is under the tutelage of his coach, the coach teaches him but is also responsible for the athlete's health and well-being. When the word describes a situation where one country or culture takes charge of another, it's more clear that management and guardianship are meant.
WORD FAMILY
tutor: tutelage, tutored, tutorial, tutoring, tutors, tutorship+/tutored: untutored/ tutorial: tutorials/tutorship: tutorships
USAGE EXAMPLES
Kathleen “KT” McFarland started her career as a low-level staffer in the Situation Room of Nixon’s White House and rose under the tutelage of Kissinger.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
It also wanted a trade of prisoners and bodies of slain Hezbollah and Iraqi militants under its tutelage.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
He counts two former Muslims and one former agnostic who have converted to Christianity under his tutelage at Parkview Gardens.
Washington Post(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: n. 保护; 受监护; 指导; （对外国领土的）托管
分布：指导(49%)，监护(44%)，托管(7%)
→来自 tutor,导师，教师，-age,名词后缀。引申诸相关词义。
保护;教育(tutel[=tut]+age)[tut,tuit=protect,表示"保护"]
US ['tu:.tˌəl.ɪdʒ] formal
noun uncountable
■help, advice or teaching about how to do something 指导；建议；教导
• Under the tutelage of Professor Roberts, the 900 delegates assessed and discussed the social market economy. 在罗伯茨教授的指导下，900名代表评估和讨论了社会市场经济。
n. [法] 监护；指导
 - guidance, direction, custody, steering

Word: bloodless
Front: bloodless
[ˈblʌdləs] (18282/19419)
Vocabulary: bloodless
(once / 2647 pages)
adj
When something is bloodless, it's free of violence. During a bloodless revolution, a regime is overthrown without anyone being killed.
A coup or a revolution is sometimes described as bloodless — in these instances, political and revolutionary goals are achieved without any blood being shed or lives being lost. A different meaning of bloodless is "drained of blood" or "pale and white," as your face might look if you saw a ghost. The Old English word was blodleas — figuratively, it meant "powerless."
WORD FAMILY
bloodless: bloodlessly+/ blood: blooded, blooding, bloodless, bloods, bloody /blooded: bloodedest, bloodedly/ bloody: bloodied, bloodier, bloodies, bloodiest, bloodily, bloodiness, bloodying, unbloody
USAGE EXAMPLES
Former emir of Qatar who was deposed by his son in a bloodless palace coup.
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Obama is hardly as cool and bloodless as advertised, but he will not perform, or even recount, his emotions on command.
The New Yorker(Nov 17, 2016)
As a rallying cry against economic injustice, a pledge to be “the small-business president,” for example, sounded bloodless.
Washington Post(Nov 11, 2016)
Back: adj. 无血的; 不流血的; 无生气的; 无情的
分布：无血色的(41%)，无情的(33%)，无伤亡的(13%)，无精打彩的(13%)
adjective
NOT VIOLENT 温和的
■describes a military operation involving no deaths （军事行动）不流血的；兵不血刃的
• The rebel soldiers seized power in a bloodless coup. 叛军在一次政变中兵不血刃地夺取了政权。
['blʌd.ləs] adjective
PALE 苍白的
■describes a face or skin that is extremely pale （脸或皮肤）无血色的，苍白的
• His face was thin and bloodless. 他的脸瘦削而苍白。
['blʌd.ləs] adjective
NO EMOTION 无感情的
■without emotion 无感情的
adj. 不流血的；无血色的；没有精神的
 - wan, soulless

Word: resumption
Front: resumption
[rɪˈzʌmpʃn] (18248/12325)
Vocabulary: resumption
(once / 3030 pages)
n
Resumption is what you're doing when you resume, or start from the point where you left off. If your little sister has been bothering you, then goes out to play, you can expect peace for an hour, then a resumption of the annoyance when she returns.
Like the word resume, resumption has roots in the Latin prefix re- meaning "again" and sumere meaning to "take up." Combine these two root words: "to take up again" and you get the meaning of the word. If warring nations stop fighting in an attempt to negotiate a peace settlement, you can expect a resumption of hostilities between them if the negotiations fail.
WORD FAMILY
resumption: resumptions+/ resume: resumed, resumes, resuming, resumption
USAGE EXAMPLES
The resolution also welcomed plans for the talks in Kazakhstan before a resumption of U.N.-brokered talks in Geneva in February.
Reuters(Dec 31, 2016)
“The United States looks forward to the resumption of talks between the regime and opposition groups as soon as possible,” said the official.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
Embassy to Jerusalem, a disputed city, and naming an ambassador who supports Israeli settlements likely to block any resumption of the peace process.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. <正>重新开始，继续
分布：恢复(100%)
→来自 resume,重新开始，继续，-pt,过去分词格，-ion,名词后缀。
noun [S or U]
■the start of something again after it has stopped （中断后）继续，重新开始
• The president called for an immediate ceasefire and a resumption of negotiations between the two sides. 总统呼吁双方立即停火，回到谈判桌上。
n. 恢复；重新开始；取回；重获；恢复硬币支付
 - recovery, restoration, retrieval, renewal, comeback

Word: unabashed
Front: unabashed
[ˌʌnəˈbæʃt] (18291/23020)
Vocabulary: unabashed
(once / 3816 pages)
adj
To be unabashed is to be unembarrassed. When you're unabashed, you're confident and proud. You're letting it all hang out.
Unabashed describes how good you feel about something. If you're an unabashed Red Sox fan, you're a proud Red Sox fan. If you're an unabashed patriot, you totally love your country — and wear clothing featuring bald eagles and the American flag. This word is the opposite of abashed, which means embarrassed. If you feel bad about something, then you really can't be unabashed.
WORD FAMILY
unabashed: unabashedly+/ abash: abashed, abashes, abashing, abashment/ abashed: abashedly, unabashed /abashment: abashments
USAGE EXAMPLES
So how did the Norman Rockwell fantasy align with unabashed greed and narcissism?
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
Instead, it’s being released in a time of resurgent, unabashed racism.
The New Yorker(Dec 23, 2016)
Sweden’s latest export is a youthful and vivacious singer-songwriter with unabashed enthusiasm for catchy lyrics and danceable tunes.
Time(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 不害臊的; 不怕羞的; 满不在乎的; 不加掩饰的
分布：不畏惧的(60%)，满不在乎的(20%)，不害躁的(20%)
→un-, 不，非，abashed, 害羞的。
不害臊的(un＋abashed难为情的)[un-①表示"不,无,非,没有"②表示"打开,解开,弄出"]
【记】abash（v 使局促不安；使困窘）
adjective
■without any worry about possible criticism or embarrassment 不怕批评的；不害臊的；不难为情的
• She is to this day unabashed in her patriotism. 她到现在还敢于表达自己的爱国主义立场。
• He is an unabashed capitalist. 他是一个厚脸皮的资本家。
Compare abashed
adj. 不害羞的；不畏惧的；厚脸皮的
 - brazenfaced, thick-skinned

Word: quash
Front: quash
[kwɒʃ] (宝 18281/12539 -1)
Vocabulary: quash
(once / 6641 pages)
1v 2v
Quash means to put down, stop, extinguish, and it’s usually used to talk about ideas, feelings, or political movements. You wouldn’t quash a grape underfoot; you would squash it. But if you were a military dictator, you would quash a revolution.
Quash is an extreme word. It comes from the French word for smash, or shatter. If something is quashed it is completely suppressed, usually by something or someone very powerful or authoritative. If you wrote a poem and asked your favorite teacher to read it, and that teacher tore it to pieces, then your hopes were most likely quashed.
WORD FAMILY
quash: quashed, quashes, quashing
USAGE EXAMPLES
She also decides that “with uncharacteristic reservation and scruples that I quash any details” of their first weekend together.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The state tried to quash the argument outright.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The City Attorney’s Office wants to quash the subpoenas, and a hearing on that is scheduled next month.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: vt. [法]废除，使无效; 捣碎，压碎; 平息，镇压
时态：quashed, quashing, quashes
分布：镇压(50%)，平息(25%)，撤销(25%)
→来自拉丁语quassare,使无效，来自cassare拼写变体，来自kes,砍，切，来自skei,砍，切，词源同caste,segment,scissors.
【记】qu去，ash灰烬：把法律条文烧成灰烬－取消，废除
【反】engender（v 造成）；foment（v 煽动）
US [kwɑ:ʃ] verb transitive
REFUSE 拒绝
■to state officially that something, especially an earlier official decision, is no longer to be accepted 撤销，废止，宣布…无效
• His conviction was quashed in March 1986 after his counsel argued that the police evidence was a tissue of lies. 他的辩护人举证说明了警方的证据是一派谎言，于是在1986年3月撤销了对他的判决。
UK [kwɒʃ] US [kwɑ:ʃ] verb transitive
STOP 使停止
■to forcefully stop something that you do not want to happen 镇压，平息
• The revolt was swiftly quashed by government troops. 叛乱很快就被政府军镇压住了。
• The company moved quickly to quash rumours/speculation that it is losing money. 公司迅速地采取行动，平息了亏损的谣言。
vt. 撤销；镇压；宣布无效；捣碎
 - suppress, rat on

Word: Bosnian
Front: Bosnian
['bɒznɪən] (6556/45108)
Back: n. 波斯尼亚人
adj. 波斯尼亚的
分布：波斯尼亚的(60%)，波斯尼亚人(34%)，波斯尼亚人的(6%)
US ['bɑ:z-] noun countable adjective
■Bosnian 波斯尼亚人／波斯尼亚的

Word: lupus
Front: lupus
['luːpəs] (18350/41115)
Back: n. 狼疮，天狼座
分布：狼疮(98%)，天狼座(2%)
→来自拉丁语lupus,狼，词源同wolf.因这种病的症状如同被狼咬过而得名。
['lu:.pəs] specialized
noun uncountable
■a general name for various serious skin diseases which also affect the internal organs and bones 狼疮

Word: negativity
Front: negativity
[ˌnegəˈtɪvəti] (18249/28615)
Vocabulary: negativity
(once / 37285 pages)
1n 2n 3n 4n
Negativity is a tendency to be downbeat, disagreeable, and skeptical. It's a pessimistic attitude that always expects the worst.
Negative outcomes are bad outcomes, like losing a game, getting a disease, suffering an injury, or getting something stolen. Negativity is an attitude that always expects such negative things to happen. "I bet it'll rain during our picnic!" and "No one could ever love me!" are examples of negativity. "The world is getting worse and worse!" is negativity. Someone full of negativity is hard to cheer up, and they always expect the worst. The opposite of negativity is positivity.
WORD FAMILY
negativity: negativities+/ negate: negated, negates, negating, negation, negative / negation: negations/ negative: negatived, negatively, negativeness, negatives, negativing, negativism, negativity, nonnegative/negativism: negativisms, negativist/negativist: negativists
USAGE EXAMPLES
“When I hear negativity,” Ms. Sullivan said, “I’m like, ‘O.K., but he’s very good here.’”
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
“This is what America really thrives on is jurors that really care. They’re not caught up in negativity.”
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
The researchers also found that parents who mistake their adolescent’s vulnerable emotions for negativity may place them at greater risk for developing delinquent behaviors.
Time(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 否定性，消极性; 负性
分布：否定性(54%)，消极性(46%)
→来自negative,负极的。
ADJ-GRADED
(事实、局势或经历)不悦的，沮丧的，有害的
A fact, situation, or experience that is negative is unpleasant, depressing, or harmful.
例：The news from overseas is overwhelmingly negative...来自海外的消息特别不容乐观。
例：All this had an extremely negative effect on the criminal justice system.这一切对刑事司法制度产生了极坏的影响。
ADJ-GRADED
消极的;悲观的
If someone is negative or has a negative attitude, they consider only the bad aspects of a situation, rather than the good ones.
例：When asked for your views about your current job, on no account must you be negative about it...被问及你对自己目前工作的看法时，无论如何不要流露出消极情绪。
例：Why does the media present such a negative view of this splendid city?媒体为什么对这座光彩夺目的城市持如此悲观的看法？
ADJ
(回答或决定)否定的，表示否认的
A negative reply or decision indicates the answer 'no'.
例：Dr Velayati gave a vague but negative response...韦拉亚提医生给了一个含糊而否定的回答。
例：Upon a negative decision, the applicant loses the protection offered by Belgian law...一旦得到否定裁决，申请人就失去了比利时法律的保护。
N-COUNT
否定词;否定语;否定表示
A negative is a word, expression, or gesture that means 'no' or 'not'.
例：In the past we have heard only negatives when it came to following a healthy diet.说到遵循健康饮食习惯，我们过去听到的都是否定的说法。
ADJ
(语法中)否定句的，否定式的
In grammar, a negative clause contains a word such as 'not', 'never', or 'no-one'.
ADJ
(医学检查或科学试验)呈阴性的，结果为否定的
If a medical test or scientific test is negative, it shows no evidence of the medical condition or substance that you are looking for.
例：So far 57 have taken the test and all have been negative.到目前为止，参加测试的有57人，测试结果均呈阴性。
例：...negative test results.阴性测试结果
N-COUNT
(摄影的)负片，底片
In photography, a negative is an image that shows dark areas as light and light areas as dark. Negatives are made from a camera film, and are used to print photographs.
ADJ
负的;负极的
A negative charge or current has the same electrical charge as an electron.
例：Stimulate the site of greatest pain with a small negative current.以微弱负电流刺激疼得最厉害的部位。
ADJ
(数字、数量等)小于零的，负的
A negative number, quantity, or measurement is less than zero.
例：The weakest students can end up with a negative score.最差的学生可能会以负分收场。
PHRASE
(指回答)否定的，否定地
If an answer is in the negative, it is 'no' or means 'no'.
例：The Council answered those questions in the negative...委员会对那些问题的答复是否定的。
例：Seventy-nine voted in the affirmative, and none in the negative.79人投赞成票，没有人投反对票。
PHRASE
否定句的;否定式的
If a sentence is in the negative, it contains a word such as 'not', 'never', or 'no-one'.
例：'I went' in the negative is 'I did not go'.I went (我去了)的否定式是 I did not go (我没去)。

Word: graduated
Front: graduated
[ˈgrædʒueɪtɪd] (宝 18285/16526)
Vocabulary: graduated
(once / 886 pages)
adj
When something is graduated, it goes step-by-step or by degrees, such as a graduated income tax that has different tax rates for different levels of income.
Fees for a fishing license might be graduated, depending on how big the fish you’re trying to catch is. If you're fishing for little porgies, the license might cost $3, but if you're going for a shark, the fee might be $50. A measuring cup is a graduated container — it has lines on the side that mark out divisions, in this case, ¼ cup, ½ cup, and so on.
WORD FAMILY
graduate: graduated, graduates, graduating, graduation, postgraduate, undergraduate +/ graduation: graduations/postgraduate: postgraduates/ undergraduate: undergraduates
USAGE EXAMPLES
Weaver graduated from the police academy last summer and was assigned to the Huntingdon barracks.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“We received high-level education and graduated from good universities,” he said.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
He graduated from Wesleyan University in Middletown, Conn., with a bachelor’s degree in drama.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 毕业了的; 标有刻度的; 分等级的; 分层次的
v. 渐变( graduate的过去式和过去分词 ); 渐渐变为（与into连用）; 渐渐消逝（与away连用）; 取得资格（与as连用）
分布：分等级的(45%)，刻度的(33%)，动词graduate的过去式和过去分词形式.(22%)
US [-tˌɪd] adjective
■divided into levels or stages 分等级的；分阶段的
• The books that the children are using to learn to read are on a graduated scale of difficulty. 儿童学习读本是根据难易程度进行分级的。
adj. 累进的；分等级的；毕了业的；为毕业生设立的
 - scalar

Word: grammatical
Front: grammatical
[grəˈmætɪkl] (四六 18423/5905)
Vocabulary: grammatical
(once / 2369 pages)
adj
If your know-it-all friend advises you not to say, "Me and John went...," she is giving you grammatical advice. In other words, she's correcting your terrible grammar. (BTW, it should be "John and I...")
The adjective grammatical comes up most often in English classes, since it describes anything having to do with parts of speech, syntax, and other elements of a well-written sentence. The Latin root word is grammaticalis, meaning "of a scholar," which in turn comes from the word grammaticus, "pertaining to grammar." If you're an authority on the English language, you can feel free to describe yourself as a grammatical scholar.
WORD FAMILY
grammatical: grammatically, ungrammatical+/ grammar: grammarian, grammars, grammatic, grammatical / grammarian: grammarians/ungrammatical: ungrammatically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Castro’s corrections were factual and grammatical rather than ideological, she added.
The Guardian(Dec 06, 2016)
Also, Pidgin hardly follows standard grammatical rules so "you can lose things like verbs", by saying: 'I dey go' to mean 'I'm going'.
BBC(Nov 16, 2016)
Each video was three seconds long and followed a similar grammatical pattern.
BBC(Nov 08, 2016)
Back: adj. 语法上的，符合语法规则的
分布：语法的(85%)，合乎文法的(15%)
US [-'mætˌ-] adjective
 ADVANCED
■relating to grammar or obeying the rules of grammar 文法的；文法正确的，符合文法规则的
• a grammatical (= grammatically correct) sentence 文法正确的句子
adj. 文法的；符合语法规则的
 - well-formed

Word: hijacking
Front: hijacking
['haɪdʒækɪŋ] (18384/34471)
Back: n. 劫机
v. 劫持( hijack的现在分词 ); 绑架; 拦路抢劫; 操纵（会议等，以推销自己的意图）
分布：劫持(84%)，抢劫(14%)，动词hijack的现在分词形式.(2%)
VERB
劫持（飞机或其他交通工具）
If someone hijacks a plane or other vehicle, they illegally take control of it by force while it is travelling from one place to another.
例：Two men tried to hijack a plane on a flight from Riga to Murmansk...两名男子试图劫持一架从里加飞往摩尔曼斯克的飞机。
例：A Korean airliner was hijacked by two passengers and forced to fly to Tashkent...一架韩国的大型客机被两名乘客劫持，被迫飞往塔什干。
VERB
强行控制;操纵
If you say that someone has hijacked something, you disapprove of the way in which they have taken control of it when they had no right to do so.
例：A peaceful demonstration had been hijacked by anarchists intent on causing trouble.和平示威已遭到蓄意制造事端的无政府主义者的操控。

Word: metastasis
Front: metastasis
[məˈtæstəsɪs] (18544/-)
Vocabulary: metastasis
(once / 29772 pages)
n
When a doctor uses the word metastasis, it's never good news. It means an illness has spread to new parts of the body.
The noun metastasis is a medical term that's most often used to describe a spreading cancer. If a patient's lung cancer spreads to his heart or to his lymph nodes, that is metastasis. It's a Greek word meaning "transference or change." In Latin, the word metastasis was at one time used to mean "a sudden transition in subjects," but ever since the 1660s, the English use has been almost entirely medical.
WORD FAMILY
metastasis: metastases, metastasise, metastasize +/ metastasize: metastasized, metastasizes, metastasizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
She also continues to conduct research on tumor metastasis and Ewing sarcoma, a bone cancer.
Washington Times(Oct 21, 2016)
However, some of the challenges have remained particularly troubling, such as the most deadly impact from osteosarcoma: the metastasis of tumor cells into the lungs.
US News(Oct 06, 2016)
The most likely site of prostate cancer metastasis is the bone, followed by lung and then the liver.
Washington Times(Sep 16, 2016)
Back: n. 转移
分布：转移瘤(100%)
→meta-,改变，-st,站立，位于，词源同stand.-asis,表状态。后指疾病从身体一个部位转移到另一个部位。
n. 转移；新陈代谢； [地质] 同质蜕变
 - transfer, diversion

Word: wager
Front: wager
[ˈweɪdʒə(r)] (雅 16279/21950 -1)
Vocabulary: wager
(once / 1042 pages)
nv
To wager is to bet: you might say to your fellow train passengers, "I'll wager ten dollars that we won't get to Chicago on time."
You can use the word wager as either a noun or a verb, to mean "place a bet" or "the amount of money being risked in a bet." So you could offer a wager at the poker table, or ask if anyone wants to wager on Monday's football game. Either way you use it, wager is a Middle English word that comes from the Old North French wage, "to pledge."
WORD FAMILY
wager: wagered, wagerer, wagering, wagers+/wagerer: wagerers
USAGE EXAMPLES
All they really want, he adds, is a slice of the estimated $95 billion in annual money wagered mostly illegally on sports in this country.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
And unlike Ford, they are largely wagering with other people’s money.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Therein lies the magic and mystery of one of the most misunderstood wagers: the show bet.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 赌金，赌注; 赌物; 赌博
vt. & vi. 打赌; 担保，保证
vt. 保证，担保; 下赌注
时态：wagered, wagering, wagers
分布：赌注(46%)，打赌(43%)，押注(11%)
→来自wage, 承诺，保证，引申义打赌，愿赌服输。
US [-dʒɚ] noun countable
■an amount of money that you risk in the hope of winning more, by trying to guess something uncertain, or the agreement that you make to take this risk; a bet 赌注；打赌
• She put a cash wager of £50 on the biggest horse race of the year. 她在本年度最大的赛马会上下了50英镑钞票的赌注。
• He tried to eat 50 hard-boiled eggs, for a wager. 他为了打赌试图吃下50个全熟的水煮蛋。
UK ['weɪ.dʒər] US [-dʒɚ] verb
intransitive or transitive
■to risk money by guessing the result of something 赌注；打赌
• [+ two objects] [+ (that)] I'll wager you £5 that they'll get there first. 我押五英镑跟你打赌他们会第一个到那里。
intransitive old-fashioned
■used to say that you are certain that something is true or will happen in the future 打包票；敢打赌
• [+ (that)] I'd wager (that) she's interested in you. 我敢肯定她对你感兴趣。
n. 赌注；赌博；赌物
 - stake, bet
vi. 打赌
 - lay, stake, make a bet
vt. 下赌注
 - back, ante

Word: vastness
Front: vastness
[vɑ:stnəs] (托 18290/21144)
Back: n. 巨大，广阔
分布：巨大(40%)，广阔(32%)，广袤(28%)
ADJ-GRADED
巨大的;广大的;广阔的
Something that is vast is extremely large.
例：...Afrikaner farmers who own vast stretches of land...拥有广袤土地的南非白人农场主
例：The vast majority of the eggs would be cracked.绝大部分鸡蛋都会被打碎。
n. 巨大；广大；广漠
 - largeness, greatness

Word: embellishment
Front: embellishment
[ɪm'belɪʃmənt] (托 18280/19271)
Vocabulary: embellishment
(once / 3415 pages)
n
Does your cupcake have chocolate icing on top, plus chocolate sprinkles AND a swirl of white chocolate? If so, that swirl of white chocolate is considered an embellishment — an unnecessary decorative detail designed purely to attract you. Also, can we have a bite?
Anything can have an embellishment, not just a cupcake; a building can have an unnecessary decorative element, and so can an explanation or a story. There is often a sense of deception implied by the word: it may be a harmless swirl of white chocolate but it can also be a detail designed to fool someone. Real estate agents are experts at adding embellishments to their descriptions of properties that may not be entirely true. Watch out for embellishments.
WORD FAMILY
embellishment: embellishments+/ embellish: embellished, embellishes, embellishing, embellishment /embellished: unembellished
USAGE EXAMPLES
The movie, Washington says, allowed the filmmakers to supply a few embellishments.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
The problem with William McCrum’s penalty invention is that because it was so simple, it left little room for embellishment.
The Guardian(Dec 15, 2016)
With this footage, the shows offer a wonderful and detailed overview of sound capture and embellishment.
Washington Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 装饰，修饰，润色
分布：装饰(50%)，修饰(30%)，润色(20%)
N-VAR
装饰;修饰
An embellishment is a decoration added to something to make it seem more attractive or interesting.
例：...Renaissance embellishments.文艺复兴时期的装饰
例：...public buildings with little bits of decoration and embellishment.没有太多装潢的公共建筑
n. [服装] 装饰， [建] 修饰；润色
 - decoration, adornment

Word: subcategory
Front: subcategory
['sʌb'kætɪgərɪ] (18313/49368)
Back: n. 亚类，子种类，子范畴
分布：子范畴(64%)，亚类(36%)

Word: compromised
Front: compromised
[ˈkɔmprəmaizd] (18278/35535)
Back: [医]妥协，让步的，缺乏抵抗力的，缺乏免疫力的，妥协的
分布：妥协(69%)，折衷(12%)，让步(8%)，和解(8%)，危害(1%)，妥协处理(1%)，折衷案(1%)
N-VAR
折中;妥协;让步
A compromise is a situation in which people accept something slightly different from what they really want, because of circumstances or because they are considering the wishes of other people.
例：Encourage your child to reach a compromise between what he wants and what you want...鼓励孩子在他的愿望和你的愿望之间找到一个折中点。
例：Be ready and willing to make compromises between your needs and those of your partner...时刻准备好并乐意在自己与伴侣的需求之间作出让步。
V-RECIP
妥协;作出让步
If you compromise with someone, you reach an agreement with them in which you both give up something that you originally wanted. You can also say that two people or groups compromise .
例：The government has compromised with its critics over monetary policies...政府已经就货币政策向批评人士作出让步。
例：'Nine,' said I. 'Nine thirty,' tried he. We compromised on 9.15...“9点。”我说。“9点半。”他试着说。于是我们各让一步，定在了9点一刻。
VERB
使（自己）声誉受损;违背(信念)
If someone compromises themselves or compromises their beliefs, they do something which damages their reputation for honesty, loyalty, or high moral principles.
例：...members of the government who have compromised themselves by co-operating with the emergency committee...因与紧急委员会合作而使自己名誉受损的政府成员
例：He would rather shoot himself than compromise his principles.他宁愿一枪打死自己也不愿违背自己的原则。
adj. 妥协的；妥协让步的，缺乏抵抗力的
 - accommodationist

Word: parody
Front: parody
[ˈpærədi] (雅宝 10507/12069 -1)
Vocabulary: parody
(once / 1701 pages)
nv
A parody is a humorous or mocking imitation of something, using the same form as the original. To parody a poem, you have to write another poem.
A parody is a form of humor that spoofs — or satirizes — something using the same form. For example, shows like "Saturday Night Live" and "The Daily Show" parody newscasts by doing fake newscasts that look like the real thing. Comedians and comedy writers love to parody the President. Anything in the public eye could be the object of a parody.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
parody / parity
They're different, but when these words are said out loud it's hard to tell them apart. A parody is a silly spoof and parity is equality, and that's no joke.
A parody turns making fun of something into an art form. Imitating the way someone talks or writes is a parody. Broken down into its Greek roots, it's para for "beside," and ode as in "song," which forms paroidia for a "burlesque song or poem." A parody isn't as risqué as a burlesque, but it's definitely supposed to be funny. Here are some examples of the word:
"He's also a professed fan of the 1960s spy parody ‘Get Smart.'" (Washington Times)
"The online parody shows a player pretending to be J.J." (Los Angeles Times)
"From a Saturday Night Live hosting gig to a parody Twitter account, the ‘Girls' star is everywhere." (Time)
When there's parity, things are even-steven. Parity means equality. It even has Latin roots in par, which means, of course, equal. If a scale is balanced, there is parity.
It's used in finance:
"She said she thinks the euro will fall below parity against the U.S. dollar in the coming year." (Wall Street Journal)
In social contexts:
"None of this started out as a fight over gender parity, but now that it looks like one, you can be sure women will notice."
And sports:
"In most seasons, parity usually expires some time around November as the league's usual suspects take control." (Wall Street Journal)
They word parody probably has more fun than parity, which just likes to even things out. But there is parity between these words; they are both awesome.
WORD FAMILY
parody: parodied, parodies, parodist, parodying+/parodist: parodists
USAGE EXAMPLES
An earlier episode placed Paper Boi on a fictional news panel show with parody commercials to break up the show’s segments.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
He's been the subject of fake news stories, books, comics - and a parody of the Book of Genesis.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
He showed anew the crispness of his enunciation — in this case stretched to farcical parody — and his talent for broad comedy.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 拙劣的模仿; 恶搞; 滑稽的模仿诗文
vt. 滑稽地拙劣地模仿; 把（他人诗文）模仿成滑稽体裁
时态：parodied, parodying, parodies
分布：拙劣的模仿(40%)，拙劣模仿(30%)，仿作(20%)，作模仿诗文(10%)
→来自拉丁语parodia,滑稽剧，滑稽模仿，来自para-,在旁，在周围，-odia,吟唱，吟咏，词源同ode,comedy,melody.
【记】par平等，ody＝ode唱－唱的一样－模仿诗文
US ['per-] noun
countable or uncountable
■writing, music, art, speech, etc. which intentionally copies the style of someone famous or copies a particular situation, making the features or qualities of the original more noticeable in a way that is humorous 滑稽模仿作品（指文章、音乐、艺术品、讲话等）
• He was an eighteenth-century author who wrote parodies of other people's works. 他是一位18世纪的作家，专对他人的作品进行滑稽模仿。
• There is a hint of self- parody in his later paintings. 他后期的画含有自嘲的意味。
Compare travesty
countable disapproving
■something which so obviously fails to achieve the effect that was intended that it is stupid （几近荒谬的）拙劣的模仿
• "It was a parody of a trial," said one observer. “这称不上审判，只是在装模作样，”一位观察者说。
UK ['pær.ə.di] US ['per-] verb transitive
■to copy the style of someone or something in a humorous way 滑稽模仿
• One of the papers is running a competition in which you've got to parody a well-known author. 有一家报纸正在举行一场竞赛，在比赛中你必须滑稽地模仿一位著名作家的风格写些东西。

Word: jubilant
Front: jubilant
[ˈdʒu:bɪlənt] (托宝 18234/20172 -1)
Vocabulary: jubilant
(once / 2232 pages)
adj
If you were the quarterback that threw the touchdown pass that won the Super Bowl, you would be jubilant: filled with joy.
When you feel jubilant, you’re full of extreme happiness. Usually people are jubilant after great victories, whether in sports, politics, or life. When you're jubilant, it's a moment of extreme happiness, like giving birth or watching a child graduate. There can also be jubilant songs, jubilant performances, even jubilant periods in history, times when people are especially proud and filled with triumph. The end of World War II was just such a jubilant moment.
WORD FAMILY
jubilant: jubilancy, jubilantly
USAGE EXAMPLES
While they understand the challenges, Republicans are nonetheless jubilant at their enviable position.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Yet beneath the jubilant dancing is a serious message.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
The Beatles’ straightforward acoustic guitars and wheezing harmonium are replaced by Wonder with an infectious clavinet, a jubilant harmonica solo, and stabs of electric guitar.
Slate(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 喜气洋洋的; 欢呼的; 喜庆; 开怀
分布：喜洋洋的(60%)，扬声欢呼的(40%)
→来自jubilate,欢呼。引申词义喜气扬扬的，欢欣鼓舞的。
欢快的[jubil=shout of joy(欢呼)]
【记】ju猪，bil＝bill，ant：猪，钞票和蚂蚁，你选那个？肯定是钞票，所以特别高兴。读：卓别林t－给人带来欢乐
【反】dolorous（adj 忧伤悲痛的）
adjective
■feeling or expressing great happiness, especially because of a success （尤指因成功而）欢欣的，喜气洋洋的
• The fans were jubilant at/about/over England's victory. 球迷为英格兰队获胜而欢欣雀跃。
adj. 欢呼的；喜洋洋的
 - acclamatory

Word: savagely
Front: savagely
['sævɪdʒlɪ] (18245/12236)
Vocabulary: savagely
(once / 1154 pages)
adv
If you do something savagely, you do it with fury and violence. If you've ever seen a vulture feast on roadkill, you've seen something performed savagely.
Use the adverb savagely to describe something that happens with brutal force or a cruel intention. On a blustery winter day, you might complain about how savagely the wind is blowing, or need to chop savagely at the ice on your car's windshield. Savagely comes from the adjective savage, from the French sauvage, "wild, untamed, or strange," with its Late Latin root salvaticus, "wild," or literally, "of the woods."
WORD FAMILY
savage: savaged, savagely, savageness, savager, savagery, savages, savagest, savaging+/savagery: savageries
USAGE EXAMPLES
Grant, a widow who lived alone, was savagely stabbed 54 times in her house one night in July nearly a half-century ago.
Washington Times(Dec 04, 2016)
One man I treated had raped a woman in front of her partner and beaten them both savagely.
BBC(Nov 29, 2016)
As predicted, traders in overnight markets responded savagely, and stocks plummeted.
New York Times(Nov 18, 2016)
Back: adv. 野蛮地; 残忍地; 粗野地; 凶猛地
分布：野蛮地(75%)，残酷地(25%)
adverb
■in a violent, cruel or very severe way 野蛮地；残酷地；凶暴地
adv. 野蛮地；残忍地
 - brutally, wildly

Word: first-quarter
Front: first-quarter
None None
Back: 第一个季度；上弦月；[天] 上弦
分布：第一季度(100%)

Word: temperamental
Front: temperamental
[ˌtemprəˈmentl] (研 18395/18556)
Vocabulary: temperamental
(once / 5032 pages)
adj
If your moods change quickly and dramatically, people might describe you as temperamental. If you weren't so temperamental, maybe your friends would open up to you more. Did I say something wrong?
The adjective temperamental can also be used to describe objects that behave unpredictably. A temperamental air conditioner can make for a long, hot summer. Fortunately, you're not temperamental or you might have smashed it to bits by now. The second “e” in temperamental gets swallowed so that it sounds like "temp-ra-MENT-al" (four syllables).
WORD FAMILY
temperamental: temperamentally+/ temperament: temperamental, temperaments
USAGE EXAMPLES
And what connects the other Americans in town: the kind arts patrons, the temperamental painter, his estranged brother?
Slate(Dec 08, 2016)
Jones could be a direct, ornery, at times even temperamental figure.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 19, 2016)
Perhaps the rainy weather can take some of the blame: Period instruments are famously temperamental.
New York Times(Nov 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 气质的; 性格的; 不可靠的; <口>喜怒无常的
分布：喜怒无常的(43%)，性情的(23%)，气质的(16%)，性格的(9%)，易怒的(9%)
→来自 temperament,脾性，性情，-al,形容词后缀。引申词义有脾气的，喜怒无常的等。
US [-pɚ.ə'men.tˌəl] adjective
PERSON 人
■describes someone whose mood often changes very suddenly 喜怒无常的
• Be careful how you approach her - she's very temperamental. 与她接触，你要注意方式——她这人喜怒无常。
■caused by your own character and feelings 气质的；性情的；性格的
• There are temperamental similarities between the brothers. 兄弟俩在性情上有些相似。
UK [ˌtem.pər.ə'men.təl/ UK [-prə-] US [-pɚ.ə'men.tˌəl] adjective
MACHINE 机器的 informal
■describes a machine that sometimes works and sometimes does not （机器）性能不稳定的；时好时坏的
• You have to treat our video recorder very carefully - it's rather temperamental. 你用我们的录像机时得格外小心——它时好时坏。
adj. 喜怒无常的；性情的；易兴奋的
 - moody, twittery

Word: payable
Front: payable
[ˈpeɪəbl] (雅 18260/4051 -1)
Back: adj. 应付的，可付的; 可获利的
分布：应付的(72%)，可付的(28%)
adjective [after verb]
■that should be paid 应支付的
• Interest payments are payable monthly. 利息每月支付。
■If a cheque is payable to a person or an organization, the money will be paid to them because their name is written on it （支票）可兑付的
• Please make your cheque payable to WWF. 请写明你的支票抬头人为WWF。
adj. [会计] 应付的；到期的；可付的；可获利的
 - due, mature

Word: three-part

Word: well-designed
Front: well-designed
['weldɪz'aɪnd] None
Back: 精心设计
分布：精心设计(100%)
adj. 精心设计的；设计巧妙的
 - recherche

Word: mammalian
Front: mammalian
[mæ'meɪlɪən] (托 18457/13365)
Back: n. 哺乳动物
adj. 哺乳动物的
分布：哺乳动物(83%)，哺乳动物的(17%)
ADJ
哺乳类的；哺乳动物的
In zoology, mammalian means relating to mammals.
例：The disease can spread from one mammalian species to another.这种疾病能够在不同的哺乳类物种之间传播。

Word: staccato
Front: staccato
[stəˈkɑ:təʊ] (宝 18265/21794)
Vocabulary: staccato
(once / 5407 pages)
advadj
Staccato is a musical term for notes that are played quickly and sharply. It can also refer to anything characterized by similar beats, such as the staccato clacking of a woman's high heels on a tile floor.
There is nothing quite so pleasant as lying in bed on a Saturday morning listening to the staccato tapping of rain on the roof, knowing that everything you had planned will now be canceled. Other staccato sounds are not so pleasant––your neighbor learning to play the drums, a jack hammer right outside your window.
WORD FAMILY
staccato: staccatos
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I got it in 1952 when I was 6 years old,” I respond in a staccato voice.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
The rapping on “Casa Bey,” “Mathematics” and “Hip Hop” brought fluidity to the staccato.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
The music in the first part of the episode was from 1987 and full of processed drums, staccato drum machine patterns, vocal tics.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adv. & adj. <音>以断音（的），以断奏方式（的）
n. 断奏的曲乐段，断唱; （品牌）思加图
分布：断音的(40%)，不连贯的(20%)，不连贯地(20%)，不连贯的态度或声音(10%)，断音地(10%)
→来自意大利语 staccato,断开的，脱落的，过去分词格于 staccare,使分开，断开，缩写自 distaccare, 使分开，断开，来自 dis-,分开，-stacc,连接，钉上，词源同 attach,stack,stick.后用于音乐术语 指断音的，断奏的。
【记】staccato从中间断开是stac和cato，长得差不多，而且o结尾是意大利语，表示音乐－断音的；断奏的
US [-oʊ] adjective adverb
■describes musical notes that are short and separate when played, or this way of playing music 断音的（地）； 断奏的（地）
• The music suddenly changed from a smooth melody to a staccato rhythm. 音乐突然由流畅的旋律变为断音的节奏。
• She played the whole piece staccato to improve her technique. 她以断奏方式弹奏了整首曲子，以提高自己的技巧。
■describes a noise or way of speaking that consists of a series of short and separate sounds （噪音或说话方式）断断续续的，不连贯的
• She gave staccato replies to every question. 她回答每个问题都是支支吾吾的。
adv. 不连贯地
 - disjointedly

Word: misfit
Front: misfit
[ˈmɪsfɪt] (18307/21378 -1)
Vocabulary: misfit
(once / 7685 pages)
n
A person who just can't seem to fit in, no matter how hard they try, is called a misfit. If all of your friends are great dancers, but you are awkward and uncoordinated with no sense of rhythm, you might feel like a misfit.
Often, people who are misfits as kids eventually find other misfits to be friends with: suddenly, because they've found a group that accepts them and makes them feel comfortable; they're not misfits anymore. In the early nineteenth century, the word misfit meant "a garment that fits badly," but by the end of the 1800s it had come to primarily mean "outcast" or "oddball." The fit in both cases is wrong, thus the prefix mis-, or "wrong."
WORD FAMILY
misfit: misfits, misfitted, misfitting+/ fit: fitful, fitly, fitness, fits, fitted, fitter, fittest, fitting, misfit, refit, unfit / fitful: fitfully, fitfulness/ fitness: fitnesses/fitter: fitters/fitting: fittingly, fittingness, fittings, ill-fitting /refit: refits, refitted, refitting/ unfit: unfitly, unfitness, unfits, unfitted, unfitting/unfitness: unfitnesses/unfitting: unfittingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Many of his friends there were idealistic, progressive — ideological misfits in Reagan’s America.
New York Times(Jan 06, 2016)
Cohn's struggle with dyslexia was featured in Malcolm Gladwell's "David and Goliath: Underdogs, Misfits, and the Art of Battling Giants."
Los Angeles Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Five kids, all misfits in their own way, stumble on a secret.
Slate(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: v. 对…不适合; 不适用于
n. 不容易适应环境的人; 不适合
分布：不适合(80%)，不能适应社会或工作环境的人(20%)
→mis-,坏的，错的，不好的，fit,合适的，匹配的。
noun countable
■someone who is not suited to a situation or who is not accepted by other people because their behaviour is strange or unusual 不适应环境的人；不为别人接受的人
• I didn't really know anyone at the party, so I felt a bit of a misfit. 聚会上我谁都不认识，所以觉得有点不适应。
• I was a bit of a social misfit at college because I didn't like going out in the evenings. 大学时我是个有些不合群的人，因为我不喜欢晚上外出参加社交活动。
n. 不适合；不适应环境的人
 - inconformity, inappropriateness

Word: pox
Front: pox
[pɒks] (18241/22442)
Back: n. 发疹的疾病; 痘; 疹; 瘟疫
分布：梅毒(61%)，痘疮(26%)，使感染梅毒(13%)
→改写自中古英语pockes,痘痕，麻子，来自pocke,痘痕，麻子，-es,表复数，词源同pock,pocket.后用于指梅毒。
N-SING
梅毒
People sometimes refer to the disease syphilis as the pox .
n. [皮肤] 痘；疹；发疹的疾病；瘟疫
 - blain, exanthema

Word: messianic
Front: messianic
[ˌmesiˈænɪk] (18458/24197)
Vocabulary: messianic
(once / 6563 pages)
adj
Use the adjective messianic to describe something that has to do with a messiah, or savior, especially a religious one.
In Judaism, a messianic figure is predicted to appear in the future, and in Christianity that messianic role is filled by Jesus Christ. You can also describe a more earthbound savior as messianic — you might say that after a long, hot soccer match, your mom's arrival with a cooler full of water bottles seems almost messianic. The adjective comes from the noun messiah, which has an Aramic root, meshiha, or "the anointed of the Lord."
WORD FAMILY
messianic: messianically+/ messiah: messiahs, messiahship, messianic
USAGE EXAMPLES
As Chafe observes, the St. John Passion stresses Jesus’ messianic nature and accentuates oppositions between good and evil.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
We’re in a world war against a messianic mass movement of evil people, most of them inspired by a totalitarian ideology: radical Islam.”
Washington Times(Dec 09, 2016)
But for those watching state media, where Cubans endlessly described Castro in messianic, almost god-like terms, a cult of personality already seemed well underway.
Washington Times(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: adj. 救世主的，以救世主自居的，救星似的
分布：弥赛亚的(55%)，救世主的(45%)
→来自Messiah,弥赛亚，救世主基督。引申词义救星的。
adjective formal
■relating or belonging to a messiah 救世主的；救世主般的
• He announced the imminent arrival of a messianic leader. 他宣布一位救世主般的领袖即将到来。
■describes a religious group which believes that a leader will or has come who has the power to change the world and bring peace 信奉救世主的
• a messianic cult/movement/sect 信奉救世主的异教团体／运动／教派
■describes a speech or style which is very determined and full of emotion （演说）很能打动人心的；（说话风格）热情洋溢的
• She talks about her work with a messianic zeal. 她谈到她的工作时总是满腔热情。

Word: empty-handed
Front: empty-handed
[ˌempti:ˈhændɪd] (-1)
Back: adj. 空手的; 徒手的
adv. 空手地; 一无所有地
分布：空手的(72%)，徒手的(28%)
adjective [after verb]
■without bringing or taking anything 两手空空的；一无所获的
• We can't go to the party empty-handed. 我们不能空着手去参加派对。
adj. 空手的；徒手的
 - barehanded, light-handed

Word: commandeer
Front: commandeer
[ˌkɒmənˈdɪə(r)] (18316/19108)
Vocabulary: commandeer
(once / 7234 pages)
v
What is that person doing, interrupting everyone and changing the subject every minute? He is trying to commandeer, or take control, of the conversation.
You can probably tell from the look of the word that commandeer is somehow related to commander in meaning. A commander is someone who is officially in charge, giving orders and making decisions for a group such as a nation or a military. Many groups don't have a commander, but this doesn't stop some people from trying to take charge. If you commandeer something — whether it's a car or a conversation — you use force to try to take over.
WORD FAMILY
commandeer: commandeered, commandeering, commandeers
USAGE EXAMPLES
She purchased a kilometre of fibre-optic cable and commandeered her farm tractor to dig a trench.
BBC(Dec 25, 2016)
Both were as simple as it gets: The attackers commandeered trucks and plowed them into crowds of pedestrians.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
She said he then commandeered a luggage tug and drove across a taxiway.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. 征用; 强占
时态：commandeered, commandeering, commandeers
分布：霸占(77%)，没收(23%)
→来自command, 命令。后用于军事术语。
【记】command命令，权力，deer鹿：有权力的鹿都是一些强壮的雄鹿，它们不但可以抢占地盘，而且可以征用若干个老婆。
US [ˌkɑ:.mən'dɪr] verb transitive
■to take possession of or control private property by force or for military use 霸占；强征；征用
vt. 征用；霸占，没收；强取
 - grab, expropriate

Word: dishearten
Front: dishearten
[dɪsˈhɑ:tn] (宝 18344/33758)
Vocabulary: dishearten
(once / 1595 pages)
v
If someone tells you not to be disheartened, they want you to stay upbeat and positive. Something that brings you down or steals your sense of hope disheartens you.
Uncracking the code of the verb dishearten couldn't be easier. Just take it apart, and it quickly reveals its meaning. Dis- is a prefix that means "not, un-, take away." Heart in its figurative sense means love, care, and good feelings. And the -en at the end shows the word is a verb with the sense of causing something to be. So dishearten means "to cause someone's 'heart' to be taken away." We were disheartened by the news of still more home foreclosures.
WORD FAMILY
dishearten: disheartened, disheartening, disheartenment, disheartens+/ disheartened: disheartenedly/disheartening: dishearteningly/disheartenment: disheartenments/ hearten: dishearten, heartened, heartening, heartens/ heartening: hearteningly
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s an effort that grows more difficult with each disheartening defeat.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
She was grateful for the emotional support, but she, her family and the first responders were disheartened after receiving news from the intensive care unit.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
When you see the state of the country these days, are you disheartened?
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vt. 使失去勇气，使失去信心
时态：disheartened, disheartening, disheartens
分布：使沮丧(84%)，使泄气(16%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。hearten, 鼓励。
【记】dis离开，heart心：使灰心
US [-'hɑ:r.tˌən] verb transitive
■to make a person lose confidence, hope and energy; to discourage 使泄气，使绝望，使沮丧
vt. 使灰心，使沮丧，使气馁
 - disanimate, discourage

Word: rabies
Front: rabies
[ˈreɪbi:z] (宝 18463/26351 -1)
Vocabulary: rabies
(once / 12325 pages)
n
Rabies is a deadly disease that can be spread between mammals through saliva, usually when one animal is bit by another. If you run into a raccoon foaming at the mouth, don't pet him; he may have rabies.
Most dog and cat owners are familiar with rabies, because it's an illness they regularly have their pets vaccinated against. An unvaccinated pet that's bit by an animal with rabies almost always dies — and this is also true for humans who contract rabies and aren't treated. In Latin, rabies means "madness," and this accurately describes some of the symptoms of this terrible disease.
WORD FAMILY
rabies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Doctors Without Borders used to provide rabies vaccines, but that stopped because of the blockade.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
The horse also was euthanized after authorities said it lacked a rabies vaccine history.
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
State law required that the mother bear’s brain be tested for rabies after she mauled runner Karen Williams.
Washington Times(Nov 19, 2016)
Back: n. [医]狂犬病; 恐水病
分布：狂犬病(100%)
→来自拉丁语 rabies,发狂，发疯，来自拉丁语 rabere,发狂的，词源同 rage.后用于指狂犬病， 因狂犬病患者极端畏水，也称为 hydrophobia.
['reɪ.bi:z] (specialized hydrophobia)
noun uncountable
■a fatal disease of the nervous system of dogs and other animals, which can also cause death in humans who are bitten by an animal with this disease 狂犬病
• Dogs, cats, foxes and bats can all carry rabies. 狗、猫、狐狸和蝙蝠都会传播狂犬病。
n. [内科] 狂犬病，恐水病
 - hydrophobia, canine madness

Word: derision
Front: derision
[dɪˈrɪʒn] (18311/18657)
Vocabulary: derision
(once / 1562 pages)
n
If people are laughing at you, making fun of you, and acting as if you're worthless, they're treating you with derision. Derision is mean and attacking — it's a form of contempt.
Derision is more than just making fun of someone — it's mocking someone so forcefully and with such venom that you discredit the person completely. Derision can include literally laughing at someone or just treating a person like a joke. You know how celebrities and politicians do embarrassing things from time to time? They're usually treated with derision afterward: people mock them, treat them with contempt, and try to make the person who messed up seem completely worthless.
WORD FAMILY
derision: derisions+/ deride: derided, derides, deriding, derision, derisive, derisory/ derisive: derisively
USAGE EXAMPLES
The fast-food chain’s plan to open a restaurant in a Vatican-owned building was met with derision when it was announced in October.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The strategy drew derision from European rivals, who dubbed Coach the “ McDonald’s of luxury.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 22, 2016)
Bell says Aisholpan was "treated with some pretty ugly derision from the elders to start with".
BBC(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 嘲笑，嘲弄; 笑柄
分布：嘲笑(88%)，笑柄(12%)
【反】veneration（n 尊敬）
[dɪ'rɪʒ.ən] formal
noun uncountable
■when someone or something is laughed at and considered stupid or of no value 嘲笑，嘲讽，嘲弄
• They treated his suggestion with derision. 他们对他的建议嗤之以鼻。
• Her speech was met with hoots/howls of derision. 她的讲话遭到一阵阵嘲笑。
n. 嘲笑；嘲笑的对象
 - sarcasm, laughingstock

Word: flushed
Front: flushed
[flʌʃt] (18462/17453)
Vocabulary: flushed
(once / 317 pages)
adj
When you're flushed, your cheeks are pink. You probably look flushed after your morning jog around the block.
People become flushed from exercise, or cold weather, or embarrassment. Your flushed cheeks might give away the fact that you're nervous about your job interview or ashamed to be seen walking the dog in your pajamas. Little kids get flushed faces when they're sick, their cheeks bright and feverish. The verb flush originally meant "to fly up suddenly," and experts aren't sure how the "become red" meaning came about, although it may be a combination of flash and blush.
WORD FAMILY
flush: flushed, flushes, flushing, flushingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The law likely would backfire, he said, because toilet users would increasingly turn to baby wipes, which aren’t designed to be flushed.
Washington Post(Dec 07, 2016)
WSU tied the game at 13 after Derrien King hit a 3 and Robert Franks flushed a fast break dunk.
Washington Times(Dec 03, 2016)
Sometimes, after an argument, she would retreat to the bathroom, to check whether the toilet still flushed.
The New Yorker(Dec 03, 2016)
Back: adj. （脸）发红的; 涨红的; 兴奋的; 激动的
v. 冲刷( flush的过去式和过去分词 ); 面红耳赤; （使）脸红; 冲洗（抽水马桶）
分布：兴奋的(36%)，脸红的(30%)，充满喜悦的(26%)，动词flush的过去式和过去分词.(8%)
adjective
■red in the face 脸红的
• You look a bit flushed - are you hot? 你看起来脸有点红，你热吗？
• flushed cheeks 发红的双颊
• flushed with anger/embarrassment 因生气／尴尬而脸红
[flʌʃt] adjective
flushed with success
■feeling excited and confident after achieving something 因成功而满脸喜色的，志得意满的
• Flushed with success after their surprise win against Italy, Belgium are preparing for Saturday's game against Spain. 意外战胜义大利队之后，志得意满的比利时队正在为周六对阵西班牙队做准备。
adj. 激动的；心情愉快的
 - excited, hot, heated, inflammatory
v. 使激动；排水（flush的过去式和过去分词）；脸发红
 - unwatered

Word: sighted
Front: sighted
[ˈsaɪtɪd] (18568/37974 -1)
Back: adj. 有视力的; 看得见的; 不盲的
v. 观测(sight的过去分词)
n. 有视力的人
分布：看得见的(60%)，动词sight的过去式和过去分词.(20%)，有某种视力的(20%)
US [-tˌɪd] formal
adjective
■able to see 不盲的，看得见的

Word: smart
Front: smart
[smɑ:t] (中高研四六托雅宝 1856/4098 -K3)
Vocabulary: smart
(once / 200 pages)
1adj 2adjvn 3adj
Although smart is most often used to describe someone who is intelligent, you can also call someone a smart, chic dresser or a smart, sassy wisecracker.
Smart often implies something good, but not always. If someone cautions you, "Don't be smart with me!" — they are demanding that you stop acting so bold and rude. As a verb, if something smarts, then it hurts. If your knee smarts, then you probably whacked it. However, if someone says that you are a smart dresser or a smart thinker, you can take those comments as compliments.
WORD FAMILY
smart: smarted, smarter, smartest, smarting, smartingly, smartness, smarts+/smarting: smartings/smartness: smartnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Last week, he tweeted that Mr. Putin was “very smart!” for not responding in kind to Mr. Obama’s expulsion of 35 Russian embassy officials.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Smarter Applications is launching a fridge webcam at CES that alerts owners to when food nears its expiry date.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Joan Cox, senior vice president of savings products at Navy Federal Credit Union, provided some tips for smart budgeting and saving in the new year.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 聪明的; 敏捷的; 漂亮的; 整齐的
vi. 疼痛; 感到刺痛; 难过
n. 创伤; 刺痛; 疼痛; 痛苦
vt. 引起…的疼痛（或痛苦、苦恼等）
adv. 聪明伶俐地，轻快地，漂亮地
时态：smarted, smarting, smarts
分布：聪明的(51%)，漂亮的(11%)，时髦的(8%)，刺痛(8%)，敏捷的(7%)，难过(4%)，厉害的(4%)，整洁的(3%)，苦恼(2%)，烦恼(2%)
→来自古英语 smeart,疼痛的，来自 Proto-Germanic*smartaz,疼痛的，被咬的，来自 smerd, 咬，叮，词源同 mordant,morsel.后原词义几乎不再使用，词义褒义化为咬中的，一针见血的， 以及聪明的，机敏的，智慧的等诸相关词义。
a.漂亮的;聪明的;巧妙的v.剧痛,刺疼The smart star starts to make cart chart for the commencement.精明的明星开始制作授学位典礼用的马车图表.
【反】tatty（adj 衣衫褴褛的）；soothe（v 使平静；安慰）
US [smɑ:rt] adjective
STYLISH 时髦的
 IMPROVER UK or US old-fashioned
■having a clean, tidy and stylish appearance 整洁漂亮的，时髦的
• Guy looks very smart in his new suit, doesn't he? 盖伊穿上新西装显得精神十足，不是吗？
• I need a smart jacket for my interview. 我需要穿一件像样的上衣去面试。
• She works in a very smart new office overlooking the River Cam. 她在一间非常漂亮的新办公室里工作，从那里可以俯瞰康河。
■UK or US old-fashioned
■A place or event that is smart attracts fashionable, stylish or rich people （地方或活动）时髦奢华的
• a smart restaurant 高档餐听
• We went to a very smart party on New Year's Eve. 除夕我们去参加了一个非常时尚的派对。
UK [smɑ:t] US [smɑ:rt] adjective
CLEVER 聪明的
 IMPROVER
■intelligent, or able to think quickly or cleverly in difficult situations 聪明的，机灵的
• Gemma's teacher says she's one of the smartest kids in the class. 杰玛的老师说，她是班上最聪明的孩子之一。
• Why don't you fix it if you're so smart? 你既然那么聪明，为甚么不把它修好？
• I'm not smart enough to understand computers. 我不够聪明，不懂电脑。
• He's smart enough to know he can't run the business without her. 他够聪明，知道没有她自己根本管不好这个公司。
• Quitting that job was the smartest move I ever made. 辞掉那份工作是我所作过最聪明的举动。
UK [smɑ:t] US [smɑ:rt] adjective
QUICK 快的
[before noun]
■done quickly with a lot of force or effort 迅速有力的，迅猛的
• She gave him a smart smack on the bottom. 她狠狠地在他屁股上打了一巴掌。
• We'll have to work at a smart pace if we're going to finish on time. 如果我们要按时完成，就必须加快工作节奏。
UK [smɑ:t] US [smɑ:rt] verb intransitive
■to cause someone to feel a stinging pain 感到刺痛
• My eyes were smarting from the onions. 洋葱刺得我眼睛火辣辣地痛。
■to feel upset and angry because of failure or criticism （因失败或遭批评而）感到不快，愤怒
• The police are still smarting from their failure to prevent the robbery. 员警还在因未能阻止抢劫而懊恼。
intelligent, bright, wise, ingenious, brilliant, clever, smart, shrewd
这组词都有“聪明的”的意思，其区别是：
intelligent: 正式用词，指在理解新的、抽象东西或处理解决问题时，智力超过一般常人。
bright: 口语常用词，多指年轻人，尤指小孩思路敏捷，理解力强，机灵等。
wise: 侧重不是一般的聪明伶俐，而是有远见，有智慧，能明智地处理问题。
ingenious: 指思路敏捷，并暗示有创造与发明的才能和技巧。
brilliant: 指人的才华出众，思路敏捷，常令人赞叹不已。
clever: 强调头脑灵活，接受新事物快，有智有谋，但不一定暗示全面妥当地考虑问题。
smart: 普通用词，与bright和clever的意思很相近，但更强调机灵。
shrewd: 指精明老练，有头脑，善于判断，把握有利机会。
n. 痛苦；刺痛
 - hurt, painfulness
adj. 聪明的；漂亮的；厉害的；巧妙的；敏捷的；潇洒的；剧烈的
 - intelligent, happy, severe, clever, pretty
vi. 刺痛；懊恼
 - bite, sweat

Word: crest
Front: crest
[krest] (宝 7472/6978 -1)
Vocabulary: crest
(once / 395 pages)
1nv 2n
A crest is a showy tuft of feathers on the head of a bird. It's easy to identify a male cardinal by its bright red color and the tufted crest on its head.
The Latin word crista, which crest comes from, means "tuft or comb."An animal's crest can be feathers, fur, skin, or a comb like a rooster's. Something that resembles such a feature can also be called a crest, such as a plume on an old-fashioned helmet. The top or highest part of something is also a crest, like the crest of a hill or the crest of a wave. As a verb, crest means "to reach the top" like when you crest a mountain.
WORD FAMILY
crest: crested, cresting, crests
USAGE EXAMPLES
And yet, singer/songwriter Star Anna Krogstie — Star Anna to her fans — is still hanging on the crest of a wave that just won’t break.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
She was wrapped in a red “Colours” brand golf shirt that featured a crest embroidered with the words “Sport. Athletic. Champion.”
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Worl drew the formline in two of the other first three books, “Baby Eagle” and “Baby Raven,” which teach Tlingit words for clan crests.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 山顶; 羽毛饰; 鸡冠; （动物的）颈脊
vt. 加上顶饰; 到达…的顶部; 形成冠毛状顶部; 到达顶部
vi. 到达绝顶; 形成浪峰; 达到顶点
时态：crested, cresting, crests
分布：冠(54%)，顶部(14%)，浪尖(14%)，饰章(12%)，到达顶部(3%)，到达最高点(3%)
→来自拉丁词crista, 羽毛，鸟冠，词源同crisp, 卷的，卷羽。词义引申为顶峰。
【记】cr哭，est形容词最高级：哭得最厉害当然是在浪尖上，就像玩海盗船，叫得最厉害的时候，才是最高点。C，rest：联想爬山，只有在爬到了山顶的时候才能休息，野餐！背单词也是一样的，一口气背3个小时再休息。源于：increase增加
noun countable
TOP 顶部
■the top or highest part of something such as a wave or a hill （浪、山等的）峰，顶，尖
• the crest of a hill/wave 山顶／波峰
■a growth of feathers, fur or skin along the top of the heads of some animals （动物的）羽冠，肉冠
■a decoration, usually made of feathers or animal hair, on the top of a soldier's hat, especially in the past （尤指过去装饰于士兵帽顶的）羽饰，毛饰
[krest] noun countable
PICTURE 图片
■a formal picture that is used by a family, town, organization, etc. as their particular sign （家族、城镇、机构等作为标记的）饰章，徽章，纹章
• a royal crest 皇家的徽章
[krest] noun countable
be riding /on the crest of a wave
■to be very successful for a limited period of time 处于鼎盛时期；处于巅峰时期
• Mrs Singh is still riding the crest of a wave of popularity. 辛格夫人的声望仍然如日中天。
n. [物] 波峰；冠； [地理] 山顶；顶饰
 - wavecrest, mountaintop

Word: stratification
Front: stratification
[ˌstrætɪfɪˈkeɪʃn] (18437/10917)
Vocabulary: stratification
(once / 13570 pages)
n
Stratification means arranging something, or something that has been arranged, into categories. By the time you figure out the complex social stratification of your high school class, from jocks to nerds and everything between, you’re ready to graduate.
Stratification is a system or formation of layers, classes, or categories. Stratification is used to describe a particular way of arranging seeds while planting, as well as the geological layers of rocks. But like so many science words, somehow it’s not content to stay in the scientific realm, and must also have a place in the social sphere, where its job is to categorize and arrange people into groups: upper, middle, and lower classes, for example.
WORD FAMILY
stratification: stratifications+/interstratify: interstratified/ stratified: unstratified/ stratify: interstratify, stratification, stratified, stratifies, stratifying/ stratum: strata, stratify, stratums, substratum, superstratum/substratum: substratums
USAGE EXAMPLES
Novartis, another Swiss pharmaceutical company, found a similar stratification of benefit in its trial of siponimod for secondary progressive MS.
Nature(Nov 29, 2016)
But there is no escaping the growing sense of stratification in the university sector and differences in status.
BBC(Nov 17, 2016)
The group’s President and CEO James Taylor says the numbers show the area’s increasing stratification of wealth.
Washington Times(Nov 14, 2016)
Back: n. 层理; 成层; 层化; 分层
分布：分层(97%)，成层法(3%)
→来自 stratify 的名词形式。
N-UNCOUNT
(尤指社会的)分层，形成阶层
Stratification is the division of something, especially society, into different classes or layers.
例：She was concerned about the stratification of American society.她很关注美国社会的阶层分化。
n. [地质] 层理；成层
 - layering

Word: Americanization
Front: Americanization
[əˌmerəkənaɪ'zeɪʃ(ə)n] (18298/-)
Back: n. 美国化
分布：美国化(100%)
N-UNCOUNT
美国化
Americanization is the process by which people or countries become more and more similar to Americans and the United States.
例：...the Americanization of French culture.法国文化的美国化

Word: quivering
Front: quivering
['kwɪvərɪŋ] (18470/23485)
Vocabulary: quivering
(once / 592 pages)
n
Quivering means trembling. If your dog begins quivering with fear whenever someone knocks on your door, he's not much use as a guard dog.
When something's shaking gently, like a candle flame shivering slightly in a breeze, you can describe it as quivering. On a windy day, you might see the leaves of trees or the ruffled feathers of a bird quivering in the wind. There are a few theories about the origin of the word quivering including the possibility that the word quiver was developed onomatopoeically — or creating a word that sounds like its meaning, like a vibrating kind of shiver.
WORD FAMILY
quivering: quiverings+/ quiver: quivered, quivering, quivers
USAGE EXAMPLES
I imagined his hands quivering with fear, a wet patch spreading on his trousers.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
Nicks’s voice, a strange, quivering contralto, gives her songs unexpected weight.
The New Yorker(Nov 20, 2016)
She is left quivering and bewildered; William realizes that the robot-girl he’s falling in love with might be breaking down.
The New Yorker(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 颤抖的
v. 微颤，抖动( quiver的现在分词 ); 使震动
分布：颤抖(64%)，颤抖的(31%)，动词quiver的现在分词形式.(5%)
VERB
颤动;抖动
If something quivers, it shakes with very small movements.
例：Her bottom lip quivered and big tears rolled down her cheeks.她的下唇颤抖着，豆大的泪珠顺着面颊滚落下来。
VERB
(人或声音由于愤怒、激动等)颤抖，发抖，打哆嗦
If you say that someone or their voice is quivering with an emotion such as rage or excitement, you mean that they are strongly affected by this emotion and show it in their appearance or voice.
例：Cooper arrived, quivering with rage...库珀来了，气得直打哆嗦。
例：Mack made his voice quiver with fear on these last two words.麦克说出最后这两个字时，吓得声音颤抖。
N-COUNT
箭袋;箭筒;箭囊
A quiver is a container for carrying arrows in.
adj. 颤抖的
 - ashiver, quaverous
v. 颤抖；抖动（quiver的ing形式）
 - trembling

Word: jaunt
Front: jaunt
[dʒɔ:nt] (宝 18264/20137)
Vocabulary: jaunt
(once / 4889 pages)
nv
Running out to get pizza to bring back before the big game? This short, quick, pleasurable trip could be called a jaunt (unless of course, you get your pizza from Italy, that’s called “time to get a closer pizza place”).
Jaunt was used in the 17th century to describe a journey on a horse just long enough to tire the horse out. Nebraska has what they call a Junk Jaunt, which is a yard sale that includes up to 40 towns and stretches nearly 300 miles and draws up to 20,000 people. That’s more than enough to make any horse tired, but they call it a jaunt nevertheless.
WORD FAMILY
jaunt: jaunted, jaunting, jaunts
USAGE EXAMPLES
He rushed for 12 yards and a first down and, two plays later, clinched the outcome with the 68-yard, tackle-breaking jaunt.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
But several winemakers I spoke with during my two-day jaunt said they don’t think the white fruit is “necessarily the best grape for Virginia.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
The jaunts into the past are clearly demarcated from the present.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 游览
vi. 去游览
时态：jaunted, jaunting, jaunts
分布：远足(77%)，短程旅游(23%)
→词源不详，可能同jump,跳。引申词义颠簸，痛苦的行程，这也是该词原先的词义，后来用于指短途旅行，游览，欢快的行程。字母m,n音变，比较home,haunt,lamp,lantern.
US [dʒɑ:nt] noun countable
■a short journey for pleasure, sometimes including a stay （短途）旅行，游览；远足
• a Sunday jaunt into the hills 周日登山远足
UK [dʒɔ:nt] US [dʒɑ:nt] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to go on a jaunt 作短途旅行
• disapproving He's always jaunting off around the world on business trips, leaving his wife to cope with the babies by herself. 他总是到世界各地出差，留下他妻子独力照顾小孩。
n. 远足；短途旅游
 - outing, excursion
vi. 远足；作短途旅游
 - trip, excurse

Word: brainchild
Front: brainchild
[ˈbreɪntʃaɪld] (18305/19694 -1)
Back: n. 脑力劳动的产物; 独创的观念，点子
分布：脑力劳动的产物(55%)，创作(27%)，独创的观念(18%)
noun only singular
■a clever and original idea, plan or invention 脑力劳动的产物；智力结晶
• The project was the brainchild of one of the students. 这个计划是其中的一个学生想出来的。

Word: reconstructive
Front: reconstructive
[ˌri:kənˈstrʌktɪv] (18289/-)
Back: adj. 重建的，改造的
分布：改造的(55%)，有益于再建的(30%)，再建的(15%)
adjective [before noun]
■describes medical treatment that involves changing the shape of part of a person's body, either because it has been badly damaged or to improve someone's appearance 整形
• After the accident, he underwent reconstructive surgery to rebuild his face. 事故后，他做了整形手术来恢复面容。
adj. 重建的；改造的
 - renewed

Word: foregoing
Front: foregoing
[ˈfɔ:gəʊɪŋ] (18411/16046)
Back: adj. 在前的，在先的，前面提到的
v. （在位置时间或程度方面）走在…之前，居先( forego的现在分词 )
分布：前面的(43%)，前述的(37%)，先前的(20%)
→fore-,在前。go, 走，离开。即先走的，前述的。
PRON
前述内容
You can refer to what has just been stated or mentioned as the foregoing .
例：You might think from the foregoing that the French want to phase accents out. Not at all.根据前文所述，你们可能以为法国人打算废除各种口音。事实并非如此。
previous, preceding, former, foregoing, prior
这组词都有“在前的”的意思，其区别是：
previous: 指时间上、顺序上较早的，或指正在谈论的某事的前一个。
preceding: 特指时间和地位上紧接在前。
former: 系latter的反义词，比prior更着重对比。
foregoing: 指前所述的，是following的反义词。
prior: 与previous同义，常可换用，但prior有时强调更大的重要性，对比意味强。
adj. 前述的；前面的；在前的
 - prior, front, preceding, anterior

Word: turpentine
Front: turpentine
[ˈtɜ:pəntaɪn] (18471/26215)
Back: n. 松节油，松脂
v. 涂松节油，采松脂
分布：松节油(87%)，涂松节油(7%)，松油树脂(3%)，从……中提取松节油(3%)
→来自古法语 terebinte,松节油，来自拉丁语 terebintha resina,即 resin of the terebinth tree,来自 terebintha,一种分泌松脂的松树，松脂木，词源同 terebinth.
US ['tɝ:-] (informal turps)
noun uncountable
■a colourless liquid with a strong smell which burns easily. It is sometimes used in products for removing paint from brushes. 松节油
n. [林] [药] 松节油；松脂
 - terebinth

Word: abrasion
Front: abrasion
[əˈbreɪʒn] (托雅宝 18254/21005)
Vocabulary: abrasion
(once / 13712 pages)
1n 2n
An abrasion is a scrape. An abrasion can happen to a person, as in a skinned knee, or to an object, as in what you get when you apply sandpaper to wood.
The noun abrasion comes to us from the Latin abradere, which means “scrape away” or “shave off.” Any area that shows evidence of scratching or scraping can be called an abrasion, like that spot on the front bumper of your car from when you cut it too close pulling into the gas station. Abrasion can also mean the process of friction causing scratches, as in: "the abrasion of everyone sliding chairs on the floor left terrible marks."
WORD FAMILY
abrasion: abrasions+/ abrade: abradant, abraded, abrader, abrades, abrading, abrasion, abrasive / abrasive: abrasively, abrasiveness, abrasives
USAGE EXAMPLES
An exam revealed Zyair suffered a lacerated liver, bruising to his chest and ear and an abrasion over his eye.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
A 2-year-old also sustained cuts and abrasions from broken glass.
Washington Times(Nov 25, 2016)
The patient reportedly had abrasions and bruises on his chest, neck and arm.
Washington Times(Nov 24, 2016)
Back: n. 磨损; 擦伤处; <喻>摩擦; <地质>磨蚀（作用）
分布：磨损(88%)，擦伤(8%)，磨损处(4%)
[ə'breɪ.ʒən] specialized
noun
uncountable
■the process of rubbing away the surface of something 磨损，磨耗；擦伤
• There seems to have been some abrasion of the surface. 表面好像有些磨损。
countable
■a place where the surface of something, such as skin, has been rubbed away （皮肤）擦伤处；（表层）磨损处
• She had a small abrasion on her knee. 她的膝盖擦伤了一小块。
n. [口腔] 磨损； [机] 磨耗； [皮肤] 擦伤
 - wear and tear, arrosion

Word: curving
Front: curving
['kɜ:vɪɪŋ] (18255/20535)
Back: adj. 弯曲的
v. （使）弯成弧形( curve的现在分词 )
分布：弯曲的(92%)，动词curve的现在分词形式.(8%)
N-COUNT
曲线;弧线
A curve is a smooth, gradually bending line, for example part of the edge of a circle.
例：...the curve of his lips.他嘴唇的曲线
例：...a curve in the road.道路的转弯
V-ERG
(使)弯曲;(使)呈曲线形
If something curves, or if someone or something curves it, it has the shape of a curve.
例：Her spine curved...她的脊柱弯曲了。
例：The track curved away below him.他脚下的小径蜿蜒地伸向远方。
VERB
沿曲线运动
If something curves, it moves in a curve, for example through the air.
例：The ball curved strangely in the air.球在空中划出一道奇异的弧线。
N-COUNT
(尤指用图表表示的)曲线变化
You can refer to a change in something as a particular curve, especially when it is represented on a graph.
例：Each firm will face a downward-sloping demand curve...每一家企业都将面临需求曲线的下滑。
例：Was it just a temporary blip on an otherwise healthy growth curve?这是否是原本良好的增长曲线中暂时的偏离？
PHRASE
使惊奇;使感到意外;给…出难题
If someone throws you a curve or if they throw you a curve ball, they surprise you by doing something you do not expect.
例：At the last minute, I threw them a curve ball by saying, 'We're going to bring spouses'.在最后一刻，我给他们出了一个难题，说：“我们要带家属来。”
adj. 弯曲的
 - winding, flexural, crooked
n. 弯曲；曲线；变形
 - deformation, transformation, distortion, give, winding

Word: tested
Front: tested
['testɪd] (18277/19219)
Back: adj. 经过试验的; 经受过考验的; 经验定的; 检验无病的
v. 测验( test的过去式和过去分词 ); 考查; 考验; 勘探
分布：测试的(82%)，考验的(12%)，动词test的过去式和过去分词.(6%)
VERB
检验;试验;测试
When you test something, you try it, for example by touching it or using it for a short time, in order to find out what it is, what condition it is in, or how well it works.
例：Either measure the temperature with a bath thermometer or test the water with your wrist...要么用浴用温度计测量水温，要么用手腕试一下。
例：Here the army has its ranges where Rapier missiles and other weaponry are tested...军方在这儿有发射场，“长剑”导弹等武器都在这里进行试验。
N-COUNT
试验;测试;检验
A test is a deliberate action or experiment to find out how well something works.
例：...the banning of nuclear tests.禁止核试验
VERB
对…进行测试;考核;考查
If you test someone, you ask them questions or tell them to perform certain actions in order to find out how much they know about a subject or how well they are able to do something.
例：There was a time when each teacher spent an hour, one day a week, testing pupils in every subject...曾经，每个老师每周都有一天花上一小时对学生的每门功课进行测试。
例：She decided to test herself with a training run in London.她决定在伦敦对自己进行跑步训练的测试。
N-COUNT
测试(题);考试(题);考卷
A test is a series of questions that you must answer or actions that you must perform in order to show how much you know about a subject or how well you are able to do something.
例：Out of a total of 2,602 pupils only 922 passed the test...所有 2,602 名学生中，只有 922 名通过了测试。
例：She had sold her bike, taken a driving test and bought a car.她卖了自行车，考了驾照，并买了辆汽车。
VERB
考验;试探
If you test someone, you deliberately make things difficult for them in order to see how they react.
例：She may be testing her mother to see how much she can take before she throws her out.她可能在试探她妈妈，看她能忍耐到什么程度才会把她撵出家门。
N-COUNT
考验;检验
If an event or situation is a test of a person or thing, it reveals their qualities or effectiveness.
例：It is a commonplace fact that holidays are a major test of any relationship...度假对任何恋爱关系都是重大考验，这是常识。
例：The test of any civilised society is how it treats its minorities.检验一个社会是否文明的办法就是看它怎样对待其少数群体。
VERB
对…进行体检;化验;检查
If you are tested for a particular disease or medical condition, you are examined or go through various procedures in order to find out whether you have that disease or condition.
例：My doctor wants me to be tested for diabetes...我的医生要我去做个检查，看是否患有糖尿病。
例：Girls in an affected family can also be tested to see if they carry the defective gene.染病家庭的女孩们也可以检查一下，看看是否携带这种缺陷基因。
N-COUNT
体检;(健康)检查
A medical test is an examination of a part of your body in order to check that you are healthy or to find out what is wrong with you.
例：If necessary X-rays and blood tests will also be used to aid diagnosis...如有必要，还要进行 X 光检查和验血以帮助诊断。
例：The family doctor ordered numerous, expensive medical tests, which revealed no physical problem.家庭医生安排了名目繁多、收费昂贵的检查，结果没有查出任何健康问题。
N-COUNT
(常指板球、橄榄球的)国际锦标赛
A test is a sports match between two international teams, usually in cricket, rugby union, or rugby league.
PHRASE
使经受检验;对…进行试验
If you put something to the test, you find out how useful or effective it is by using it.
例：The Liverpool team are now putting their theory to the test...利物浦队此时正在验证他们的理论。
例：Arriving at the railway station, I put local knowledge to the test and ask a taxi driver.到了火车站，为了检验自己对当地的了解程度，我请教了一个出租车司机。
PHRASE
测试…的强度(或稳定性)
If new circumstances or events put something to the test, they put a strain on it and indicate how strong or stable it really is.
例：Sooner or later, life will put the relationship to the test.总有一天，生活会考验这种关系是否牢固。
PHRASE
经得住时间的考验
If you say that something will stand the test of time, you mean that it is strong or effective enough to last for a very long time.
例：It says a lot for her culinary skills that so many of her recipes have stood the test of time.她的许多食谱经受住了时间的考验，这充分证明了她的厨艺。

Word: behind
Front: behind
[bɪˈhaɪnd] (中高 421/489 -K5)
Vocabulary: behind
(once / 24 pages)
1advadj 2n
When one thing is behind another, it's at the rear or the far side of it, possibly even hidden by it. Your shy dog might tend to stand behind you when you meet a friend on your walk.
When the sun hides behind a cloud, the cloud is in front of it, and when there's fear lurking behind your cheerful smile, the grin is disguising, or covering, your anxiety. Behind can also mean "supporting," as when you're a hundred percent behind your sister's campaign for school president; or "lagging," as when you say: "Slow down! I'm way behind in this race!" Finally, behind is a gentle slang term for "buttocks."
WORD FAMILY
behind: behinds
USAGE EXAMPLES
It worked: Karjakin got behind on time and flailed about looking for counterplay, but the bind proved strong.
Slate(Dec 01, 2016)
“The motivations behind the recount are questionable and ultimately costly,” Tom Evenson, a spokesman, said in an email.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
“College sport remains behind professional sports regarding opportunities for women and people of color for the top jobs,” Lapchick said.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: prep. （表示位置）在…的后面; 支持; （表示顺序）在身后; （表示比较）落后于
adv. 在后面; 向后; 在后面较远处; （落）在后面
n. 〈口〉屁股
分布：落后于(38%)，迟(22%)，不如(17%)，在...之后(6%)，追赶(5%)，基于(3%)，迟于...(3%)，落后地(3%)，在后面地(3%)
→前缀be-, 强调。hind, 后面，见hindsight, 后见之明。
prep.在...的背后,(遗留)在..后面;落后于It's acertained that the certificate is behind the curtain of the stainless steel container.经查实证书在不锈钢容器的帘子后面.
preposition adverb
 ESSENTIAL
■at the back (of) 在（…的）后面
• Look behind you! 往后看！
• I hung my coat behind the door. 我把大衣挂在门后了。
• Alex led, and I followed along behind. 亚历斯带头，我紧随其后。
• mainly UK As hard as she tried, she always fell behind the other swimmers in the races. 比赛时不管她怎样努力，总是落在其他游泳选手的后面。
• figurative I knew that behind (= hidden by) her smile was sadness. 我知道她在用微笑掩饰着内心的忧伤。
[bɪ'haɪnd] preposition adverb
be behind sb (all the way)
■to support someone (completely) in what they are doing （全力）支持（某人）
[bɪ'haɪnd] preposition adverb
Behind every great / successful man there stands a woman. saying
■said to emphasize that men's success often depends on the work and support of their wives 每个成功的男人背后都有一个女人。
[bɪ'haɪnd] preposition adverb
behind the wheel
■driving a motor vehicle 开车
• I'm a different person when I'm behind the wheel. 我一开车，就完全变成另一个人。
[bɪ'haɪnd] adverb
PLACE 地方
 ESSENTIAL
■in the place where someone or something was before 在某人或某物以前所在的地方
• I was annoyed to discover that I'd left my bag behind. 当我发现留下了袋子，感到很气愤。
• After the party a few people stayed behind to help clear up. 派对结束后，一些客人留下来帮忙收拾打扫。
[bɪ'haɪnd] adverb
SLOWER 迟缓
 ADVANCED
■slower or later than someone else, or than you should be 比别人迟或慢，落后（于）
• The old woman was behind with (= late paying) the rent. 老妇人迟迟未交房租。
[bɪ'haɪnd] preposition
■responsible for or the cause of 是…背后的原因
• He wondered what was behind his neighbour's sudden friendliness. 他不明白为何邻居的态度突然变得友善。
• Marie Curie was the woman behind enormous changes in the science of chemistry. 居礼夫人使整个化学领域发生了巨变。
[bɪ'haɪnd] noun countable informal
■the part of the body on which a person sits; bottom 屁股
• He tripped and fell on his behind. 他绊了一跤，一屁股摔在地上。
• Why don't you get off your behind (= stand up) and do something! 你为何不起来做些事情！
hind, backward, behind, back
这组词都有“在后，向后”的意思，其区别是：
hind: 指成对并且分前后的东西的“后面的”。
backward: 可用于人或物，指向后的，落后的或迟钝的。
behind: 指一物同它物相对的位置或场所。
back: 作为副词或形容词时，强调所修饰物的位置以及动作运动方向。
after, behind, at the back of
这些词均有“在……后面”之意。
after: 和behind用来表地点时，前者强调的是顺序的先后，而后者侧重方向和位置的前后关系。请比较：The student sat after me.那个学生坐在我后面。(我坐在他前面)。The student sat behind me.那学生坐在我背后。after与behind用于指时间时，前者强调时间的先后顺序，而后者则着重于表示“落后……”或“迟于……”的概念。试比较：Who ruled after James I?詹姆斯一世之后是谁统治的?You are forty minutes behind schedule.你比规定的时间迟了40分钟。after多用于表示因时间上的先后而造成顺序的前后场合，behind则常用于仅指位置上的前后关系。请比较：Please shut the door after you.请随手关门。Please shut the door behind you.请关上你身后的门。
at the back of: 这个前置词短语既可指具体的位置的先后，又可用于指抽象的概念。
prep. 落后于；支持；晚于
 - with, past
n. 屁股
 - ass, rear, pratt

Word: clearinghouse
Front: clearinghouse
['klɪrɪŋˌhaʊs] (18297/31604)
Back: n. 票据交换所
分布：票据交换所(100%)

Word: searcher
Front: searcher
[ˈsɜ:tʃə(r)] (18304/16761)
Back: n. 搜索者，检查官
分布：搜索者(67%)，检查官(22%)，调查官(11%)
N-COUNT
搜寻者
Searchers are people who are looking for someone or something that is missing.
例：Searchers have found three mountain climbers missing since Saturday.搜救人员已经找到了周六失踪的3名登山者。
N-COUNT
探索者;探求者
A searcher is someone who is trying to find something such as the truth or the answer to a problem.
例：He's not a real searcher after truth.他不是一个真正探求真理的人。
n. 搜索者；检查官
 - inquisitionist

Word: duplex
Front: duplex
[ˈdju:pleks] (18306/28205)
Back: adj. 有两部分的
n. 连栋式的两栋住宅; 联式房屋; 占两层楼的公寓套房; 复式住宅
分布：双层公寓(46%)，复式的(18%)，联式房屋(18%)，双倍的(18%)
→du-，二。-plex, 折，词源同fold, complex. 用来指一种二联式住宅结构。
二重的;二倍的(du+plex重叠→二重的)[du,dub,doub=two,表示"二,双"]
二重的,双倍的(du二+plex→二次重叠→二重的)[plex=fold,表示"重叠"]
US ['du:-] noun countable
ROOMS 房间
■a set of rooms for living in that are on two floors of a building 复式房屋，跃层套房，楼中楼
UK ['dju:.pleks] US ['du:-] noun countable
TWO HOUSES 两座房子 Australian a pair of small houses on a single floor that are joined together 毗联式住宅，连体房屋，双并式住宅
adj. 二倍的，双重的
 - dual, double

Word: dictatorial
Front: dictatorial
[ˌdɪktəˈtɔ:riəl] (18295/19498 -1)
Back: adj. 独裁的; 专横傲慢的; 盛气凌人的; 独断
分布：独裁的(69%)，专政的(31%)
US [-'tɔ:r.i-] disapproving
adjective
■liking to give orders 独裁的；专制的；专横的
• a dictatorial ruler/government 独裁统治者／政府
• Her father is very dictatorial. 她父亲非常专横。
adj. 独裁的，专政的；专横傲慢的
 - autarchic, autocratical

Word: second-round

Word: sock
Front: sock
[sɒk] (高研四六宝 4277/5063 -K2)
Back: n. 短袜; （尤指用拳头）猛击，重击
vt. 重击; 给…穿袜
时态：socked, socking, socks
分布：短袜(100%)
→来自古英语 socc,拖鞋，便鞋，来自拉丁语 soccus,拖鞋，特指一种古罗马时期喜剧演员穿的 滑稽的毛织的低根鞋。后引申词义短袜，原词义不再使用。动词词义猛击，重击可能来自其 比喻义，即把别人的袜子都打落。
n.(pl.)短袜The mocker knocked the stock with the knots on the stocking and sock.嘲笑者用长袜和短裤上的结鼓打存货.
【记】你用sock熏他，他就会sock你！
US [sɑ:k] noun
CLOTHES 衣物
 IMPROVER countable (plural socks or US ALSO sox)
■a piece of clothing made from soft material which covers your foot and lower part of the leg 短袜，袜子
• a pair of socks 一双短袜
• nylon/woollen/cotton socks 尼龙／羊毛／纯棉短袜
• thermal socks 保暖袜
• ankle/knee socks 及脚踝／膝的短袜
• Put on your shoes and socks. 穿上鞋袜。
• The little boy was wearing odd/ US usuallymismatched socks (= socks of different colours). 小男孩穿着两只不成对的袜子。
UK [sɒk] US [sɑ:k] noun
HIT 击
countable usually singular old-fashioned slang
■a powerful hit 重重的一击
• a sock on the jaw 下巴挨的重重一拳
UK [sɒk] US [sɑ:k] noun
blow/knock your socks off informal
■If something knocks your socks off, you find it extremely exciting or good 令人惊奇；令人刮目相看（如果某物“打落你的袜子”，表示你发现它令人极端兴奋或极好）
• I'm going to take you to a restaurant that'll knock your socks off. 我要带你去看一家餐厅去，你准会大吃一惊。
UK [sɒk] US [sɑ:k] noun
Put a sock in it! informal humorous
■used to tell someone to be quiet or stop making so much noise 别出声！住嘴！
• Hey, put a sock in it, will you? I'm trying to work here. 嘿，别出声，好吗？我正在这里工作呢。
UK [sɒk] US [sɑ:k] verb transitive old-fashioned slang
■to hit someone with your fist (= closed hand) （用拳头）打，击
• He socked the policeman on the jaw/ in the eye. 他对着员警的下巴／眼睛就是一拳。
■US
■in baseball, to hit a ball very powerfully （棒球运动中）猛击，狠打（球）
UK [sɒk] US [sɑ:k] verb transitive
get socked with sth mainly US
■to suddenly receive a lot of something which causes you problems 碰上一堆（麻烦事）
• If you don't pay your credit card bill on time, you'll get socked with a huge late fee. 如果你不按时支付信用卡账单，你就要缴纳一大笔滞纳金。
UK [sɒk] US [sɑ:k] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] sock sth away US informal
■to save money by putting it in a bank or by investing it (= giving it to companies hoping to get more back) （透过将钱存银行或投资）存（钱），储蓄
• He's socked away hundreds of dollars in a savings account. 他在储蓄帐户中存了几百美元。
n. [服装] 短袜；一击
 - bobbysocks, anklet
vt. 重击；给……穿袜
 - pound on, gang bang
adv. 正着地；不偏不倚地
 - smack-dab

Word: sweltering
Front: sweltering
['sweltərɪŋ] (宝 18335/33636)
Vocabulary: sweltering
(once / 6549 pages)
adj
Sweltering means uncomfortably hot. Walking home from work on a sweltering day will leave you sweating.
A sweltering summer afternoon might cause you to turn on the air conditioning in your apartment or take a cool shower. To be sweltering is more than merely being hot — it's the kind of damp, intense heat that sends everyone to the pool or beach for some relief. The verb swelter came first, from the now obsolete word swelten, "be faint from heat," rooted in the Old English sweltan, "to die or perish."
WORD FAMILY
sweltering: swelteringest, swelteringly+/ swelter: sweltered, sweltering, swelters
USAGE EXAMPLES
There was no air-conditioner, and it was a sweltering August.
New York Times(Aug 30, 2016)
It starts with a traffic jam, a sweltering ribbon of frustration on a Los Angeles freeway.
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
In the sweltering southern city of Karachi, among Careem's largest markets, demand for secure taxis is particularly strong among women, Usman said.
Reuters(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: adj. 闷热的; 热得没气力的
v. 热得难受( swelter的现在分词 )
分布：酷热的(100%)
【记】源于：swelter（v 闷热；汗流夹背）＝sweat（n 汗），ing
【反】frigid（adj 寒冷的）
US [-ɚ-] adjective
■extremely and uncomfortably hot 热极了，热得难受
• In the summer, it 's sweltering in the smaller classrooms. 夏天，那些小一点的教室里热极了。
adj. 闷热的；热得难受的
 - stuffy, sultry

Word: genie
Front: genie
[ˈdʒi:ni] (18320/22515)
Back: n. （阿拉伯神话故事中的）神怪，妖怪; （形容将对人们的生活造成永久性的、尤指负面影响的事件已经发生）妖怪已经放出魔瓶了
分布：妖怪(67%)，鬼(33%)
→来自genius, 守护精灵。
['dʒi:.ni] (plural genies or genii)
noun countable
■a magical spirit, originally in Arab traditional stories, who does or provides whatever the person who controls it asks （源于阿拉伯神话传说，对主人有求必应的）妖怪，精灵，魔仆
['dʒi:.ni] (plural genies or genii)
noun countable
let the genie out of the bottle
■to allow something bad or unwanted to happen which cannot then be stopped 带来难以遏制的恶果
• The party leadership contest has let the genie of change out of the bottle. 党内领导权的争夺带来了不可控制的恶果。
n. 妖怪；鬼
 - ghost, hobgoblin

Word: idolize
Front: idolize
[ˈaɪdəlaɪz] (宝 18359/37916)
Vocabulary: idolize
(once / 4643 pages)
v
To idolize is to admire someone too much. A twelve year-old might idolize a pop star, for example, wallpapering her bedroom with photos of him and screaming loudly throughout his concerts.
You can idolize someone you've never met, like a famous actor, and you can also idolize a friend or family member. A boy who idolizes his father adores him unquestioningly, believing that everything he does is admirable. Another way to say idolize is worship, and both words have a religious origin. In the case of idolize, the root word is idol, or "image of a god used in worship," from the Late Latin word idolum, "image or form."
WORD FAMILY
idolize: idolization, idolized, idolizer, idolizes, idolizing+/ idol: idolise, idolize, idols/idolise: idolisation, idolised, idoliser, idolises, idolising/idoliser: idolisers/idolizer: idolizers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Even back in high school, the actors I idolized were the chameleons.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
The team he faced on Sunday looked a bit like the one he idolized as a kid.
Washington Post(Dec 04, 2016)
Davis says the self-centeredness stemmed in part from idolizing future Hall of Fame wide receiver Terrell Owens.
Washington Post(Dec 03, 2016)
Back: vt. 将（某人）当作偶像崇拜
时态：idolized, idolizing, idolizes
分布：把 ... 当偶像崇拜(50%)，极度爱慕(50%)
→来自idol,偶像，神像，-ize,使。即当成偶像崇拜。
崇拜;对...醉心(idol+ize...化→偶像化→崇拜)[idol=image,表示"形象,偶像"]
(UK usually idolise) ['aɪ.dəl.aɪz] verb transitive
■to admire and respect someone very much, often too much 把…当偶像，十分崇拜
• She idolized her father. 她十分崇拜她的父亲。

Word: chain-link
Front: chain-link
None None
Back: 链连

Word: goon
Front: goon
[gu:n] (18485/26116)
Back: n. 受雇暴徒，呆子，愚笨者
分布：呆子(42%)，打手(31%)，傻瓜(27%)
→词源不详。可能来自古英语词gony, 傻瓜，水手用来指一种大的，笨拙的海鸟，比较dodo.暴徒义来自1839年一部漫画“Alice the Goon”,一个傻大个形象。
noun countable
SILLY PERSON 蠢人 old-fashioned informal
■a silly or stupid person 傻瓜；蠢人
[gu:n] noun countable
CRIMINAL 罪犯 US informal
■a violent criminal who is paid to hurt or threaten people （受人雇用的）打手，杀手，暴徒
n. 受雇暴徒；愚笨者；呆子；怪诞的人
 - abderite, nerd

Word: headlong
Front: headlong
[ˈhedlɒŋ] (六宝 18274/19785 -1)
Vocabulary: headlong
(once / 781 pages)
advadj
Headlong describes something done headfirst, rashly, or really quickly. If you’re the star batter on your baseball team, it’s expected that you'll make a headlong dive for the base.
Headlong can refer to hasty actions, but it can also be used more figuratively to describe decisions are reckless or made in hurry. Your sister may tend to weigh all the options, but you make headlong decisions. When you decided headlong to move to Florida for a chance to play professionally, your sister thought you’d gone off your rocker — but the day you sign a major contract, she’ll be singing a different tune.
WORD FAMILY
headlong: headlongs
USAGE EXAMPLES
Compounding his images — urgent, bold, often hallucinatory — are headlong inscriptions that mix original writing and material borrowed from authors spanning centuries.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
At the shop, near the corner of 69th Street, the thieves’ headlong style seemed to offend nearly as much as the theft itself.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
But Obama also ran headlong into his limitations as the world’s chief diplomat.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adv. 头向前地; 急速地; 轻率地
adj. 头向前的; 急速的; 轻率的; 险峻的
分布：轻率的(31%)，轻率地(25%)，头向前的(17%)，匆促而用力的(11%)，头向前地(11%)，猛然的用力的(5%)
→head,头，-long,向前。引申词义莽撞的。
【记】head头，long长－是因为轻率鲁莽的（地）
【反】deliberate（adj 深思熟虑的）
US [-lɑ:ŋ] adverb adjective
[before noun]
■with great speed or without thinking 速度很快的（地）；轻率的（地）
• The car skidded and plunged headlong over the cliff. 汽车一打滑，从悬崖上冲了下去。
• In the headlong rush to buy houses, many people got into debt. 在一窝蜂的购房热潮中，很多人都负了债。
US for * headfirst
adj. 轻率的；头向前的；匆促而用力的
 - hasty, thoughtless

Word: ostracize
Front: ostracize
[ˈɒstrəsaɪz] (宝 18362/39917)
Vocabulary: ostracize
(once / 13728 pages)
v
If you banish someone or ignore him, you ostracize him. When the Iranian president claimed that the Holocaust was a hoax, he was ostracized by the international community.
Ostraka is an ancient Greek word for pottery shard. Thousands of years ago, in the Greek city of Athens, there was a public process where you would write the name of someone you wanted to kick out of town on a broken ceramic fragment. If enough Athenians wrote the same name, that person was sent away for ten years. This process was called an ostracism.
WORD FAMILY
ostracize: ostracized, ostracizes, ostracizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
This is a hunting license to ostracize Israel from the international economic system, exposing it and its citizens to incalculable personal and financial risk.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 26, 2016)
Weight - and being ostracized because of it - is what Jenkins believes first led her daughter to drugs.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
“It highlights a family that is kind of ostracized by the community because they’re poor and always getting in trouble,” Richardson said.
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vt. 放逐; 流放; 摈弃; 排斥
时态：ostracized, ostracizing, ostracizes
分布：排斥(58%)，放逐(42%)
→来自ostracism,排斥，-ize,使。
流放;放(古希腊人投瓦片表示放入出境)[ostrac=tile(瓦片)]
【记】源于古希腊的贝壳放逐法，用贝壳投票决定是否放逐某人os我死，trac＝track（n 轨迹），ize：我死的轨迹是在被放逐的路上
【参】ostracism（n 贝壳；放逐）
【区】ostrich（n 鸵鸟；回避现实的人）
【反】take in（接收）；welcome（v 欢迎）；include（v 包括）；embrace（n /v 拥抱）；invite to join（邀请参加）
US ['ɑ:.strə-] verb transitive
■to avoid someone intentionally or to prevent them from taking part in the activities of a group 故意避开；排挤，排斥
• His colleagues ostracized him after he criticized the company in public. 他公开批评公司之后，同事们对他采取了排斥态度。
vt. 放逐；排斥；按贝壳流放法放逐
 - banish, reject

Word: except
Front: except
[ɪkˈsept] (中高 1836/2154 -K4)
Vocabulary: except
(once / 28 pages)
v
The preposition except means "excluding." When we refer to the continental United States, we mean the whole country except Alaska and Hawaii.
This word can also be used as a conjunction meaning "but": If you're not very hungry, you might not eat anything, except a few crackers. As a verb, except is often used in the past tense: All drivers must obey the speed limit, but ambulances rushing to the hospital are excepted. Much more rare is the use of except as a verb meaning "to object," which we find mostly in legal contexts.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
accept / except
To accept is to receive, and except is to exclude, usually. Both are busy little words skipping around to different meanings, but they never run into each other.
To accept is to receive something like tea, an idea, or a student into your college:
He accepted tea from Annette without looking at her. (Mary Cholmondeley)
Comments are accepted for a month before guidance is adopted. (Seattle Times)
Mary J. Blige Says She's Been Accepted To Howard University, Howard Disagrees (Huffington Post)
It's difficult to find accept used incorrectly. Score one for English speakers! It's accept's nemesis, except, that poses problems. Except usually means "unless" or "excluding," but it's sometimes used as verb "to leave out." Read all the examples below except the ones you don't like:
He defined solitary confinement as an inmate being held in isolation from all except guards for at least 22 hours a day. (Reuters)
Quiet, benign, his gestures small but eloquent, he barely talks except about the music. (New York Times)
But thickness excepted, he made about the same figure in the street next day. (Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson)
It's the verb form that confuses, and it's usually except when accept is wanted. So remember: to accept is to receive or believe something, but to except is to leave out. Accept something by giving it an A, or exclude it with a big fat X for except.
WORD FAMILY
except: excepted, excepting, exception, excepts+/ exception: exceptionable, exceptional, exceptions/ exceptionable: exceptionably, unexceptionable / exceptional: exceptionally, unexceptional / unexceptionable: unexceptionably/ unexceptional: unexceptionally
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Multi-stakeholderism” may be, like democracy, the worst form of governance except for all the other ones.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
Authorities didn’t provide details about the officers’ injuries except to say they were not life-threatening.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Snagging for paddlefish at night in northeastern Oklahoma would end under a proposed fishing regulation for 2017, except for Riverview Park in Miami.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: vt. 把…除外; 不计
prep. 除…外
conj. [口语]要不是; 除非; 除…以外
vi. 反对，表示异议（与 to 或 against连用）
时态：excepted, excepting, excepts
分布：除(89%)，除非(6%)，除外(2%)，若不是(2%)，除了 ... 之外(1%)
→ex-, 向外。-cept, 拿，握，词源同captive, accept.
除外(ex出→cept→拿出)[cap,capt,cept,ceive,cip,cup=take,hold,seize,表示"拿,抓,握住"]
(ex外+cept拿)除...之外,把除外[cept=take拿取]
prep.除...之外v.除外;反对As an exception I accept all his concepts and conceptions except one.作为例外,我接受他所有的概念和构想,只有一个除外.
preposition conjunction
 ESSENTIAL
■not including; but not （表示不包括）除…之外
• The museum is open daily except Monday(s). 博物馆除了星期一之外每日都开放。
• The government has few options except to keep interest rates high. 政府除了维持高利率外，几乎没有其他的选择。
• It's cool and quiet everywhere except in the kitchen. 除了厨房，其他的房间都很凉爽安静。
• Everyone was there except for Sally. 除了莎莉，大家都在那里。
• There is nothing to indicate the building's past, except (for) the fireplace. 除了壁炉外，再没有甚么地方可以显示这座建筑物的历史了。
• They look very similar except that one is a little taller. 他们长得很像，只是那个人稍微高一些。
except, but, besides, except for
这组词都有“除……之外”的意思，其区别是：
except: 侧重于排除在外，从整体里减去。可与but换用，但语气较强。
but: 侧重指不包括在内。
besides: 着重于指另外还有。
except for: 多用于在说明基本情况或对主要部分加以肯定，还引出相反的原因或细节，从而部分地修正前面的主要意思，含惋惜意味。
vi. 反对
 - object, sit down on, to oppose
prep. 除…之外
 - unless, besides, in addition to
conj. 除了；要不是
 - but for

Word: reproach
Front: reproach
[rɪˈprəʊtʃ] (研四六托雅宝 18288/14678 -1)
Vocabulary: reproach
(once / 188 pages)
vn
Reproach means to mildly criticize. If you show poor manners at your grandmother's dinner table, she will reproach you.
The verb reproach means to express disapproval or criticism of; as a noun it means blame or criticism. If you are beyond reproach that means no one could find anything to criticize about you. Synonyms for reproach are the verbs admonish, reprove, rebuke, reprimand. As a noun, reproach can also be shame. If you are caught lying, it is a reproach that might bother you for a while.
WORD FAMILY
reproach: irreproachable, reproached, reproacher, reproaches, reproachful, reproaching, self-reproach+/ irreproachable: irreproachably/reproacher: reproachers/ reproachful: reproachfully
USAGE EXAMPLES
Astronomy was the subject they chose for themselves and their dedication, as conveyed in this book, was beyond reproach.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
“Hidden Figures” is a film of calm and bright rage at the way things were—an exemplary reproach to the very notion of political nostalgia.
The New Yorker(Dec 23, 2016)
Previous—and poorer, less avaricious—presidents approached such matters like Caesar’s wife, so they would be beyond reproach on issues of conflict of interest.
Time(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. 责备，责骂; 使丢脸; 申斥; 损伤…的体面
n. 责备，责骂; 耻辱，污辱; 谴责; [宗]应答圣歌
时态：reproached, reproaching, reproaches
分布：责备(69%)，耻辱(20%)，申斥(11%)
→re-,相反，-proach,接近，词源同 approach.比喻用法，比较 approachable,接近的，亲切的。
责备,非难(re反+proach→接近的反面→非难)[proach=near,表示"接近"]
v./n.责备,指责The reproached coach unloaded the loaves to the approachable roadside.遭到责备的教练把面包卸到可接近的路旁.
【记】re反，proach靠近－以反对的方式靠近－谴责
【参】approach（n /v 接近；方法；irreproachable（adj 无可指责的）
【反】scurvy[nefarious]（adj 下流卑鄙的）/ culpable（adj 该责备的）－above reproach（无可指责的）
US [-'proʊtʃ] verb transitive
■to criticize someone, especially for not being successful or not doing what is expected （尤指因为某人没成功或没达到预期目标而）责备，责怪，批评
• His mother reproached him for not eating all his dinner. 他因为吃晚饭时没有把饭全吃完而受到他妈妈的责备。
• [R] You have nothing to reproach your self for/with. 你没有甚么可自责的。
UK [rɪ'prəʊtʃ] US [-'proʊtʃ] noun countable or uncountable
■when you criticize someone, especially for not being successful or for not doing what is expected （尤指因为某人没成功或没达到预期目标而）责备，责怪，批评
• The look of reproach on his face made her feel guilty. 他责备的神情让她感到很愧疚。
• Your reproaches are useless - what's done is done. 你再指责也没有用了——做过的事无法改变。
UK [rɪ'prəʊtʃ] US [-'proʊtʃ] noun countable or uncountable
be a reproach to sb/sth
■to be something that should make a person or organization feel ashamed 是…的耻辱；令…丢人现眼
• His immaculate garden was a reproach to all his less organized neighbours. 他的花园整洁有致，使得那些不太俐落的邻居们感到汗颜。
UK [rɪ'prəʊtʃ] US [-'proʊtʃ] noun countable or uncountable
be above/beyond reproach
■to not deserve any blame 无可非议；十全十美
• Your behaviour today has been above reproach. 你今天的行为无可非议。
reproach, accuse, criticism, blame
reproach: 责备，指责从个人感受出发责难别人，责难的内容不一定正确，可能是吹毛求疵的话
accuse: 指责，控告 用法be……of
criticism: 批评，评论表示辨明某一个人的优缺点
blame: 责备，批评以贬低他人的方式说话，还表示批评
reproach, accuse, charge, rebuke, denounce, scold, condemn, blame
reproach: 侧重指因他人粗心、自私等引起不满而去指责、找岔。
accuse: 正式或非正式场合，私人或法律上均可用，被指控的情节可轻可重，常与of连用
charge: 常与accuse换用，但charge多指较严重的错误或罪行，而且往往向法庭提出正式起诉。与with连用
rebuke: 多指上级对下级进行的公开、强烈、严正而不宽容的责备。隐含一定权威的意味。
denounce: 与condemn同义，但着重公开性。
scold: 普通用词，多指上级对下级、长辈对后辈或雇主对雇员的态度粗暴、言词激烈的数落。
condemn: 正式用词，表示谴责，有较强的司法意味，侧重从道义或原则上的谴责。
blame: 普通用词，语气较弱，仅是一般的责难、归咎于，不含用语言责骂之意。
n. 责备；耻辱
 - blame, thumbs-down
vt. 责备；申斥
 - blame for, talk to

Word: censure
Front: censure
[ˈsenʃə(r)] (托 15287/14791 -1)
Vocabulary: censure
(once / 525 pages)
nv
Censure is a noun referring to very strong criticism; the verb means to criticize very strongly. If you take your dad's car without telling him, you can expect him to censure you severely, and maybe even ground you as well.
The noun and verb are most closely associated with official expressions of disapproval, as when Congress censures a senator. The noun is from Latin cēnsūra "censorship," from cēnsor "an ancient Roman censor." The job of a Roman censor was to take the census and to supervise public morals and behavior. Our English word censor––which means to suppress speech or other forms of expression––is from this Latin word.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
censor / censure
A censor hides information. A censure is harsh criticism. They're both judgments and they both stink.
Foul language, nudity, and revolutionary ideas are often censored, or hidden, by some gang who's in charge, such as a government, the FCC, or your parents when they kick you out of the room for the best part of the movie. Censor can act as a verb or a noun:
But Iran routinely censors the Internet using sophisticated filtering technology. (Wall Street Journal)
The catalog reproduces a news photograph of "beach censors" arresting women in such offending garb. (New York Times)
Censure is a strong dislike. When you strongly disapprove of something, usually in an official capacity, you are censuring that something, like when the student council censures your idea to have a pool party in December. Here are more examples:
"They're tired of being censured or criticized," Dr. McKenna said. (Time)
While Maud, still smarting inwardly from her father's recent sharp censure, had not dared to brave Mr. Warren's certain anger by doing so. (Laura Dent Crane)
They sound alike but not the same: censor sounds like senser and censure sounds like senshure. Remember: to be censored is to be stopped from saying something; to be censured is to be reprimanded after you've said it.
WORD FAMILY
censure: censurable, censured, censures, censuring+/censurable: censurably
USAGE EXAMPLES
Israel’s main ally, for allowing the United Nations to censure his government over its controversial plans to build new settlements in the occupied West Bank.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Six of their superiors—including a deputy district chief—were disciplined through demotion, administrative censure or removal from their leadership posts, Beijing police said.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Security Council, which allowed a censure of Israeli settlements to pass for the first time in 36 years, according to U.S. envoy to the U.N.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 指责，谴责; 责备; 斥责
vt. 指责; 谴责; 责备; 批评
vi. 谴责，责备
时态：censured, censuring, censures
分布：责难(52%)，非难(18%)，责备(18%)，公开谴责(12%)
→来自census，审查。
责难(cens+ure→判断审查[别人]--责难)[cens=judge表示"判断"]
责难(cens评判+ure)[-ture表名词,通常在单词或词根以t结尾时使用,表示"一般状态,行为"…ature","iture"注:-ture在s结尾的词根后变成-sure]
【记】读：散射：吐沫象散射一样批评你－严厉责难读：三舌。一个人有三个舌头：说话就会象严厉责难
【反】commend（v 称赞）；exonerate（v 证明无罪）；extol（v 表扬）
US [-ʃɚ] formal
noun uncountable
■strong criticism or disapproval 指责，斥责，谴责
• His dishonest behaviour came under severe censure. 他的不诚实行为受到了严厉指责。
vt. 责难，责备
 - impugn, decry
n. 责难
 - decrial, dyslogy
vi. 谴责，责备
 - accuse of, blame for

Word: ninety-nine
Front: ninety-nine
['nainti'nain] None
Back: n. 烧烤部厨司长; 主调酒师; (需付佣金促销的)次品，等外品
分布：九十九(91%)，九十九人.(9%)

Word: spurt
Front: spurt
[spɜ:t] (托 14565/19042 -1)
Back: vt. & vi. （液体，火焰等）喷出，（使）涌出
n. （怒气，精力等的）迸发; 突然喷出
时态：spurted, spurting, spurts
分布：冲刺(55%)，喷出(35%)，突然一阵(5%)，突然高涨(5%)
→来自拟声词根辅音丛 sp-,吐，喷出，比较 spate,spew,spit,spout,sputter.
US [spɝ:t] verb intransitive or transitive
LIQUID 液体
■to (cause to) flow out suddenly and with force, in a fast stream （使）喷出，（使）冒出，（使）涌出
• Blood was spurting out all over the place. 血喷得到处都是。
• His arm was spurting blood where the vein had been severed. 他手臂上割破的血管正在往外喷血。
UK [spɜ:t] US [spɝ:t] verb intransitive or transitive
INCREASE 增加 mainly US to increase or grow very quickly, or to suddenly increase by a particular amount （使）激增，（使）急遽上升
• Shares of the jewellery-store chain spurted $6. 珠宝连锁店的股价飙升了六美元。
UK [spɜ:t] US [spɝ:t] noun countable
INCREASE 增加
■a sudden and short period of increased activity, effort or speed （活动、干劲的）短时激增，迸发；突然加速，冲刺
• There was a sudden spurt of activity in the housing market. 房地产市场突然活跃了起来。
• He tends to work in spurts. 他工作起来往往时而松懈时而认真。
UK [spɜ:t] US [spɝ:t] noun countable
LIQUID 液体
■a sudden fast stream of liquid （液体等的）喷射
• The water came out in spurts. 水喷涌而出。
vi. 冲刺；喷出；迸发
 - belch out, spout out
n. 冲刺；喷射
 - emission, jet
vt. 喷射；喷出
 - to spray, eject

Word: soluble
Front: soluble
[ˈsɒljəbl] (研四六托雅宝 18497/12780 -1)
Vocabulary: soluble
(once / 1348 pages)
1adj 2adj
Sugar is soluble. It dissolves easily in water. You can also use the word to describe a problem that can be solved easily.
How are the two definitions of soluble related? When you dissolve something in a liquid, the combination is known as a solvent or a solution. All of these "sol-" words descend from the Latin word that means loosen or unfasten. When you dissolve something in water, you loosen the molecules. And if you think of a problem like a knot, to solve it is to loosen it up.
WORD FAMILY
soluble: insoluble, solubility, solubleness, solubly, unsoluble+/insolubility: insolubilities/ insoluble: insolubility, insolubly/ solubility: solubilities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Completed in 1984, the dam sits on a foundation of soluble rock.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Gravity pulls the water through the filter, extracting soluble compounds from the coffee grains during the flow.
BBC(Nov 15, 2016)
The amyloid serves as an infectious seed, which recruits soluble host PrPC for growth.
Nature(Nov 08, 2016)
Back: adj. [化] 可溶的; 可以解决的; 可以解释的; [数]可解的
分布：可解决的(50%)，可溶解的(50%)
→来自 solve,溶解，解决，-uble,形容词后缀。
可溶的(solu+[a]ble[Solv,solu,solut=loosen,表示"松开"]
a.可溶的Salt and sugar are soluble in water.盐和糖可溶于水中.
US ['sɑ:l-] adjective
■able to be dissolved to form a solution 可溶的，易于溶解的
• soluble aspirins 可溶阿斯匹灵
Opposite insoluble
adj. [化学] 可溶的，可溶解的；可解决的
 - dissolvable, solvable

Word: astride
Front: astride
[əˈstraɪd] (18308/19215)
Vocabulary: astride
(once / 2559 pages)
adv
When you're astride something, you have one leg on each of it. A typical rider on a horse is astride the horse.
This is a word for a physical position that is easiest to visualize by picturing riders atop horses. While you can ride a horse sidesaddle — with both legs on one side — the usual (and safer) way to wide a horse is astride. When you're astride, you have one leg on each side of a horse: you've mounted the horse. If you climb a fence, you're probably going to find yourself astride the fence for a moment before you get to the other side.
WORD FAMILY
astride
USAGE EXAMPLES
He Googled her name and found the photo of Christine astride the blue motorcycle.
Washington Times(Nov 23, 2016)
There is probably no college that stands more astride the religious divide than Augsburg.
New York Times(Nov 13, 2016)
Some homes, farms and businesses even sit astride the two countries; in other areas, a small white obelisk is the only marker of a border.
New York Times(Oct 16, 2016)
Back: adv. 两腿分开着（地）
prep. 两腿分开着，跨着，跨越
分布：跨(40%)，跨着(29%)，骑(21%)，叉开(10%)
→来自短语on stride.
preposition
■with a leg on each side of something 跨（或骑）在…上
• She sat proudly astride her new motorbike. 她骄傲地骑在新买的摩托车上。
• figurative The town lies astride (= on either side of) the River Havel. 这座城镇横跨哈弗尔河。
[ə'straɪd] adverb
■with legs wide apart 两腿分开着；跨骑；跨坐
• He stood there, legs astride. 他两腿叉开着站在那里。

Word: parlay
Front: parlay
[ˈpɑ:leɪ] (18331/-)
Vocabulary: parlay
(once / 15192 pages)
vn
If you parlay a bet, then you take the winnings from one bet and bet it again on something else. You might have seen a gambler on TV parlay her winnings into a huge fortune.
The verb parlay is often used to talk about gambling, but it can be used more broadly to describe any initial stake that you turn into something much larger. You might parlay you early investment in your brother’s company into a high-paying leadership role. Parlay also has a noun form that describes these kinds of transactions. You might notice your Uncle Bob once again betting a baseball parlay.
WORD FAMILY
parlay: parlayed, parlaying, parlays
USAGE EXAMPLES
That he would parlay his notoriety into some sort of book deal is an unsavory, if inevitable, prospect.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
It needs to parlay its status as a master of disruption into a magnet for business partners.
Washington Post(Dec 14, 2016)
Bearded street fighter who parlayed his Internet popularity into a mixed martial arts career.
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 连本带利的赌博
vt. 连本带利地赌博，使增值
时态：parlayed, parlaying, parlays
分布：使增值(34%)，连本带利地赌博(33%)，连本带利的赌博(33%)
→来自古法语parler,说话，词源同parley,Parliament.该词为赌博行话，其原词义可能为下注或找别人借钱的承诺，引申词义连本带利的赌博或使增值。
US ['pɑ:r.leɪ] mainly US
verb transitive
■to use or develop money, skills, etc. in a way that makes more money or leads to success 使增值，使产生效益
• They parlayed a small inheritance into a vast fortune. 他们把一小笔遗产增值为一大笔财富。
vt. 使增值；充分利用；连本带利地赌博
 - make full use of, make good use of

Word: senatorial
Front: senatorial
[ˌsenə'tɔ:rɪəl] (18338/44223)
Vocabulary: senatorial
(once / 3248 pages)
adj
Anything senatorial relates to senators, who are members of a legislative body. If you are a senatorial candidate, guess what? You are running for the Senate.
If a politician is presidential, it seems like they could serve as the President. A similar word is senatorial, which refers to all aspects of senators and senates. A senatorial election is between two politicians competing for a seat in the U.S. Senate. A senatorial committee is full of senators. Since a senator is in a position of authority, this word sometimes refers to how impressive, serious, or authoritative someone seems.
WORD FAMILY
senatorial: senatorially+/ senator: senatorial, senators, senatorship/senatorship: senatorships
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mikulski understood that she was not exactly senatorial in her appearance.
Washington Post(Dec 12, 2016)
But the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee steered clear of the race.
New York Times(Dec 11, 2016)
In that case, chuckles Senator Roger Wicker, chairman of the National Republican Senatorial Committee, “there would probably be $10bn” pouring in.
Economist(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. 参议院的，参议员的
分布：参议员的(58%)，参议院的(42%)
ADJ
参议院的;与参议院有关的
Senatorial means belonging to or relating to a Senate.
例：He has senatorial experience in defence and foreign policy.他在参议院期间有过国防和外交政策方面的经验。

Word: four-wheel
Front: four-wheel
['fɔ:rw'i:l] None
Back: adj. 四轮的
分布：四轮的(100%)
adj. 四轮的；使用四轮驱动的
 - quadricycle

Word: singular
Front: singular
[ˈsɪŋgjələ(r)] (研四六雅 9212/11662 -1)
Vocabulary: singular
(once / 135 pages)
adjn
If something is extraordinary, remarkable, or one of a kind, you can say it is singular. A singular opportunity to sing onstage with a rock star is a remarkable opportunity.
Seeing the single inside singular can help you understand its meaning in the sense of one. In grammar, singular means one, as opposed to plural, which means more than one. But singular’s not always––or singularly––about being unique. Walking through a foggy cemetery might give you a singular feeling––or a feeling that’s odd and peculiar––that ghosts could possibly be real.
WORD FAMILY
singular: singularise, singularity, singularize, singularly, singulars+/ singularity: singularities/singularize: singularizes, singularizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Pictorial elements may be soft or hard, recurring or singular, outlined or not.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
The mother is a singular star to her baby, whose gaze follows her around the room with the watchfulness of an obsessive fan.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Mr. Washington directs with an ear for Wilson’s singular dialogue as well as a master’s interpretive of Wilson’s complex themes and family dynamics.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. <语>单数的; <正>突出的; 奇特的; 非凡的
n. 单数形式（的词）
→single,单个的，-ular,形容词后缀。引申诸相关词义。
a.非凡的,卓越的;单数的The sinful single singer's finger skin is singular.有罪的单身歌手的手指皮肤独特.
【反】worldly（adj 世间的；世俗的）
US [-lɚ] adjective
GRAMMAR 文法
 ADVANCED
■of or relating to the form of a word used when talking or writing about one thing 单数（的）
• a singular ending/form/noun/verb 单数词尾／形式／名词／动词
• The word 'woman' is singular. Woman 这个单词是单数形式。
UK ['sɪŋ.gjʊ.lər] US [-lɚ] adjective
NOTICEABLE 引人注意的
[before noun] formal
■of an unusual quality or standard; noticeable 特别的；引人注意的
• It was a building of singular grace and beauty. 这栋建筑物非常雅致、漂亮。
• He showed a singular lack of skill in painting. 他非常欠缺绘画技巧。
UK ['sɪŋ.gjʊ.lər] US [-lɚ] adjective
STRANGE 奇怪的 formal
■unusual or strange; not ordinary 特别的，奇特的
UK ['sɪŋ.gjʊ.lər] US [-lɚ] noun only singular
 ADVANCED
■the form of a word used when talking or writing about one thing 单数的
• The singular of 'children' is 'child'. children 的单数形式是 child。
• The word 'teeth' is plural - in the singular it's 'tooth'. 单词 teeth 是复数形式——单数形式是 tooth。
eccentric, peculiar, strange, queer, curious, crazy, funny, odd, singular, quaint
这组词都有“奇怪的，奇异的，新奇的”的意思，其区别是：
eccentric: 指偏离常规的怪异或怪癖。
peculiar: 侧重令人奇怪的或独一无二的特性，也指性格特征方面显著的与众不同之处。
strange: 普通常用词，含义广泛，指陌生新奇、奇怪、奇怪或不自然的人或物。
queer: 指一种无法解释的怪诞，强调事物的奇特和不可思议。
curious: 通常指非常特别或能引起注意、研究或探索的奇特。
crazy: 多指与众不同的行为、外表或人与物本身，含荒唐可笑或神经不正常的意味。
funny: 较通俗用词，指奇怪得滑稽可笑或反常。
odd: 通常指不规律、偶尔出现的人或事物，往往令人困惑或奇怪。
singular: 通常指异常或奇特，暗含不同于一般。
quaint: 指古色古香，会人感到既奇怪又有趣。
adj. 单数的；单一的；非凡的； [数] 异常的
 - remarkable, extraordinary, novel, wonder, exquisite

Word: burned-out
Front: burned-out
[ˈbə:ndˈaut] None
Back: adj. 烧坏的，疲倦不堪的
分布：=burt-out.(25%)，烧光了的(25%)，耗尽了的(25%)，精疲力竭的(25%)
adj. 烧坏的；疲倦不堪的
 - beat-out

Word: invigorating
Front: invigorating
[ɪn'vɪɡəreɪtɪŋ] (宝 18351/20454)
Vocabulary: invigorating
(once / 4439 pages)
adj
A dip in the ocean in January is horrifying to some people but invigorating to others. Invigorating describes something that makes you feel strong and revitalized.
A long walk, rousing music, a drink of water when you're thirsty — all of these can be invigorating, or deeply refreshing. Invigorating contains the word vigor, which means a hearty strength. You can talk about any activity that might give you that kind of strength as invigorating. Invigorating comes from the same root as vigorous, the Latin vigere, which means "be lively, flourish, or thrive".
WORD FAMILY
invigorating: invigoratingly+/ invigorate: invigorated, invigorates, invigorating, invigoration, invigorator, reinvigorate /invigoration: invigorations/invigorator: invigorators/ reinvigorate: reinvigorated, reinvigorates, reinvigorating
USAGE EXAMPLES
Spend time with Marciano, 67, and you almost get the impression he’s opening his museum on a lark—because he finds the challenge invigorating.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 28, 2016)
"This is a wonderfully invigorating literary prize, giving us a menu of crazy variety in its the final shortlist," she said.
BBC(Nov 22, 2016)
But reading it now, it is as invigorating and relevant as if it had been written yesterday.
Washington Post(Oct 14, 2016)
Back: adj. 精神充沛的，爽快的; 爽快的
v. 使生机勃勃( invigorate的现在分词)
分布：精神充沛的(67%)，动词invigorate的现在分词形式.(33%)
激发精神的[vivvitvig=life,表示"生命"]
【反】soporific（adj 催眠的；想睡的）
ADJ-GRADED
令人充满生气的;令人精力充沛的;振奋精神的
If you describe something as invigorating, you mean that it makes you feel more energetic.
例：...the bright Finnish sun and invigorating northern air.明亮的芬兰的阳光与令人神清气爽的北方空气
adj. 爽快的；精力充沛的
 - live, vigorous, energetic

Word: renovated
Front: renovated
[ˈrenəveitid] (18309/34547)
Back: v. 翻新，修复，整修( renovate的过去式和过去分词 )
分布：翻新(44%)，革新(31%)，修理(17%)，刷新(8%)
VERB
修复;改造;翻新
If someone renovates an old building, they repair and improve it and get it back into good condition.
例：The couple spent thousands renovating the house...这对夫妇花了几千元来翻新房子。
例：She lives in a large, renovated farmhouse.她住在一个宽敞的翻新过的农舍里。
v. 更新，革新；修复；重新布置（renovate的过去式）
 - updated, restored

Word: well-rounded
Front: well-rounded
['welr'aʊndɪd] None
Back: adj. 丰满的; 面面俱到的; 多才多艺的; （语句）有表达力的
分布：全面的(58%)，形状等)丰满的(14%)，(身体(14%)，成熟的(14%)
adjective
■involving or having experience in a wide range of ideas or activities 全面的；多方面的
• It's a well-rounded article which is fair to both sides of the dispute. 这是一篇分析很全面的文章，对分歧的双方都很公平。
• She describes herself as a "well-rounded person" who works hard but has a varied social life. 她把自己描述成一个“全面发展的人”，工作努力，社交生活也丰富多彩。
adj. 丰满的；面面俱到的；多才多艺的；（语句）有表达力的
 - fat, full

Word: jump-start
Front: jump-start
[ˈdʒʌmpstɑ:t] None
Back: v. 起动，发动
n. 助动启动
时态：jump-started, jump-starting, jump-starts
分布：起动(49%)，发动(31%)，助推启动(10%)，推动法(10%)
US [-stɑ:rt] verb transitive
■To jump-start a car is to start its engine by pushing the car, or by using jump leads. 助推起动（汽车）；跳线跨接起动（汽车） Compare push-start
vt. 起动；发动
 - launch, drive

Word: illegal
Front: illegal
[ɪˈli:gl] (高研四六雅宝 2071/3103 -K3)
Vocabulary: illegal
(once / 387 pages)
adj
Something illegal is against the law or breaks the rules. If you're reading this in jail, you've probably done something illegal, and if you're not in jail, there's plenty of time to obey the law.
You can use the adjective illegal to describe breaking the rules, as when you head-butt someone in a game. Acts that go against the law, such as robbing a bank, are also illegal. There is a wide range of things called illegal, from small acts to big ones, but no matter the seriousness, if it is against the law, it is illegal. This adjective also describes people who enter countries without official government approval, they are called "illegal immigrants" or "illegal aliens."
WORD FAMILY
illegal: illegalise, illegality, illegalize, illegally+/ illegality: illegalities/ illegalize: illegalized/ legal: illegal, legaler, legalise, legalism, legality, legalize, legally, nonlegal/legalise: legalisation, legalised, legalises, legalising/legalism: legalisms/ legality: legalities/legalize: legalization, legalized, legalizes, legalizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Israeli settlements may be illegal in the eyes of the U.N.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
“China became quite aware that even in their ‘legal market’ there was tremendous laundering through an illegal system,” Ms. Lieberman said.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Dahlin’s first project was a report denouncing the existence of an illegal nationwide network of secret detention facilities called “black jails”.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 不合法的，违法的; 违反规则的
n. 非法移民，非法劳工; 间谍
分布：非法的(50%)，非法移民(27%)，不合法的(23%)
→il-,不，非，来自in-在以字母l开头前的拼写异化形式，legal,合法的。
非法的(il+legal合法的)[il-,ir-①放在同辅音词根前表示"不,无"②表示"使…成为,进入"]
不合法的(il不+legal合法的)[leg,legis=law,表示"法律"]
a.不合法的,非法的The one-legged beggar begins to beg eggs illegally.独腿乞丐开始非法讨蛋.
adjective
 ESSENTIAL
■against the law; not allowed by law 非法的，违法的
• a campaign to stop the illegal sale of cigarettes to children under 16 禁止向16岁以下儿童非法销售香烟的运动
• Prostitution is illegal in some countries. 卖淫在某些国家是不合法的。
• It is illegal to drive a car that is not taxed and insured. 驾驶未上税、未上保险的汽车是违法的。
• Cocaine, LSD and heroin are all illegal drugs/substances. 古柯碱、迷幻药和海洛因都是非法毒品。
illegal, improbable, illogical, improper
illegal: 非法的
improbable: 不大可能发生的
illogical: 不符合逻辑的
improper: 不适当的
adj. [法] 非法的；违法的；违反规则的
 - unauthorized, unlawful
n. 非法移民；间谍
 - espionage, secret agent

Word: verdant
Front: verdant
[ˈvɜ:dnt] (宝 18292/24224)
Vocabulary: verdant
(once / 2144 pages)
adj
When something is green with plant life it's verdant, a word often used to idealize the countryside with its verdant pastures or verdant hills.
Here's a trick for internalizing verdant's meaning: If you speak Spanish, think of verde — meaning "green." If you speak French, think of vert. Both French and Spanish inherited their words for green from Latin, in which green is viridis. Verdant also can mean grass-colored: "She wore a dress of verdant green."
WORD FAMILY
verdant: verdancy, verdantly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The other, in the verdant hills of West Java, will adjoin a theme park.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Crate & Barrel’s chunky Big Sur furniture, in white oak, fits the vibe, as does a verdant assortment of faux banana trees, orchids and magnolias.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
The earth may be growing dim, the gesture said, but our souls are verdant and blazing.
Salon(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: adj. （草、田地等）翠绿的; 嫩绿的; 长满绿色植物的; 无经验的
分布：翠绿的(54%)，青翠的(41%)，稚嫩的(5%)
→来自拉丁语viridis,绿色的，词源同verdure.
碧绿的[verd=green(绿)]
【记】ver真实，dan氮，t：施真的氮肥－青葱翠绿的
【参】verdigris（n 铜绿）
【反】sere（adj 干枯的）；sterile（adj 贫瘠的）
US ['vɝ:-] literary
adjective
■covered with healthy green plants or grass 长满绿色植物的；草木苍翠的
• Much of the region's verdant countryside has been destroyed in the hurricane. 这个地区大片草木苍翠的乡村地带都在那次飓风中毁于一旦。
adj. 青翠的；翠绿的；没有经验的；不老练的
 - young, unfamiliar

Word: approvingly
Front: approvingly
[ə'pru:vɪŋlɪ] (18324/20025)
Back: adv. 赞成地，认可地
分布：赞许地(60%)，满意地(40%)
ADJ-GRADED
（反应、话语等）表示赞许的，表示嘉许的
An approving reaction or remark shows support for something, or satisfaction with it.
例：His mother leaned forward and gave him an approving look.他的母亲探身向前，对他投以赞许的目光。
adv. 赞许地；满意地
 - well

Word: nightmarish
Front: nightmarish
['naɪtˌmeərɪʃ] (18373/21376)
Vocabulary: nightmarish
(once / 16191 pages)
adj
Something nightmarish is truly horrifying, something that would show up in a bad dream. Your nightmarish day might start with a car accident on the way to school and end with a fight with your best friend.
A chilling scream in the middle of the night is nightmarish, and traumatic experiences like an episode of bullying or nearly stumbling off the top of a cliff would also be nightmarish. You can also use this adjective to emphasize the unpleasantness of an experience in a slightly exaggerated way: "Ugh, that math test was absolutely nightmarish." Nightmarish things resemble nightmares, or terrifying dreams.
WORD FAMILY
nightmarish: nightmarishly+/ nightmare: nightmares, nightmarish
USAGE EXAMPLES
This was more a story of resilience, of surviving a nightmarish third quarter and finding some kind of resolve in the closing minutes.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Yet even as one disappears, dozens of others may pop up, like a nightmarish game of Whac-a-Mole.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Some areas of L.A. saw more than two inches of rain last week, which contributed to nightmarish conditions at Los Angeles International Airport.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 恶梦似的，不愉快的
分布：可怕的(57%)，恶梦似的(43%)
ADJ-GRADED
梦魇般的;令人毛骨悚然的;令人不愉快的
If you describe something as nightmarish, you mean that it is extremely frightening and unpleasant.
例：She described a nightmarish scene of dead bodies lying in the streets.她描述了尸横街头、令人毛骨悚然的一幕。
adj. 可怕的；恶梦似的；不愉快的
 - terrible, horrible, awesome, fearful, dire

Word: slush
Front: slush
[slʌʃ] (18323/22510)
Vocabulary: slush
(once / 4026 pages)
nv
Slush is messy melted snow, a mixture of ice and water. If you forget to wear your waterproof boots, you'll want to watch out for the slush as you walk through the city in February.
Slush forms when snow melts slightly, leaving behind a substance that's similar to snow, but wetter. A sweet, icy drink is also a slush or a slushy, while a "slush pile" is a heap of manuscripts and letters that are sent, unsolicited, to a publisher. And a "slush fund" is either an extra, backup bank account, or a secret one full of illegally obtained money. One thing is for sure: slush is messy.
WORD FAMILY
slush: slushed, slushes, slushing, slushy+/slushy: slushily
USAGE EXAMPLES
Her first novel, Shadow Dance, was plucked from the slush pile by an editor who found every sentence “remarkable”.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Former rector Helen Dragas characterized the strategic fund as a “slush fund” in a July column in The Washington Post.
Washington Times(Dec 16, 2016)
The idea of a play based on such exchanges sounded awful, an occasion for sentimental slush or snarky camp.
New York Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 烂泥，稀泥浆
vt. & vi. 溅湿
时态：slushed, slushing, slushes
分布：融雪(34%)，脂膏)(11%)，减水作用(11%)，溅湿)(11%)，水泥沙浆(11%)，软泥(油灰(11%)，灌泥浆于(涂敷糊料(11%)
→来自辅音丛 sl-,黏滑的，淤泥的，泥浆的，比较 slop,slosh,slough,sludge.引申词义融雪，雪泥。
noun
SNOW 雪
uncountable
■snow that is lying on the ground and has started to melt 半融的雪，雪水
countable or uncountable mainly US
■a thick drink made from crushed ice and a sweet liquid 雪泥冰
• a cherry/cola slush 樱桃／可乐雪泥冰
[slʌʃ] noun
ROMANTIC LANGUAGE 浪漫的语言
uncountable
■language or writing that is too emotional and romantic and does not have any real importance or meaning 矫揉造作的语言；无聊的言情小说
n. 烂泥；污水；水泥砂浆；胡说八道
 - wastewater, sludge, drainage
vt. 溅湿；给…灌砂浆；给…上润滑油
 - dabble
vi. 溅泼；在融雪中走
 - plash

Word: impressively
Front: impressively
[ɪm'presɪvlɪ] (18369/14632)
Back: adv. 令人难忘地; 赫然
分布：令人难忘地(60%)，令人印象深刻地(40%)
ADJ-GRADED
给人深刻印象的;不俗的;了不起的
Something that is impressive impresses you, for example because it is great in size or degree, or is done with a great deal of skill.
例：It is an impressive achievement...那是一项了不起的成就。
例：The film's special effects are particularly impressive.那部电影的特技效果尤其令人赞叹。
adv. 令人难忘地；感人地
 - movingly

Word: novella
Front: novella
[nəˈvelə] (18300/39014)
Vocabulary: novella
(once / 7741 pages)
n
Short novels are called novellas. If you don't want to write a novel, but have more to say than a short story, you could try writing a novella.
You've surely heard of plays, poems, short stories, and novels. But novellas? They're not as well known, but pretty simple: nothing more than short novels. Sometimes novellas are called novelettes, but whatever you call them, you'll probably read a few in English class. Sometimes it's easier to squeeze in a novella than a whole novel, so maybe you could start with Joseph Conrad's "Heart of Darkness" or Franz Kafka's "Metamorphosis."
WORD FAMILY
novella: novellas, novelle
USAGE EXAMPLES
Winner of a World Fantasy Award, this mosaic-like novella relates a half dozen stories about unusual libraries.
Washington Post(Dec 13, 2016)
The movie is an adaptation of "Story of Your Life," the Nebula Award-winning novella by author Ted Chiang.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 12, 2016)
To call the 1943 novella “beloved” would qualify as an understatement.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 短篇故事，中篇小说
分布：中篇小说(76%)，短篇故事(24%)
→来自意大利语，即novelette.
US [noʊ-] (plural novellas or novelle)
noun countable
■a short novel 短篇小说
n. 中篇小说；短篇故事
 - nouvelle, short stories

Word: suitably
Front: suitably
[ˈsu:təbli] (18372/6896 -1)
Back: adv. 适当地，适宜地; 相配地; 合适地
分布：适当地(100%)
恰当地(suit恰当)[-ably表副词"能…地"]
ADV
合适地;适宜地;适当地
You use suitably to indicate that someone or something has the right qualities or things for a particular activity, purpose, or situation.
例：There are problems in recruiting suitably qualified scientific officers for NHS laboratories...很难为国民医疗保健系统的实验室招募到资历合适的高级科研人员。
例：Unfortunately I'm not suitably dressed for gardening.不幸的是，我的着装不适合做园艺活。
ADV
正如所料地;情理之中地
If you say that someone or something is, for example, suitably impressed or suitably dramatic, you mean that they have as much of that quality as you would expect in that situation.
例：She flicked her eyes up to make certain I was suitably impressed...她抬眼瞟了瞟，以确定我不出所料地被打动了。
例：Her exit seemed suitably dramatic.她的退场很富戏剧性，但似乎又是在情理之中。
adv. 适当地；相配地；适宜地
 - properly, well, appropriately, adequately, duly

Word: seagull
Front: seagull
[ˈsi:gʌl] (高 18503/15932 -1)
Back: n. 海鸥
分布：海鸥(100%)
['si:.gʌl] (also gull)
noun countable
■a bird which lives near the sea and has short legs, long wings and white and grey feathers 海鸥
• a flock of seagulls 一群海鸥
n. 海鸥
 - sea mew, shearwater

Word: unwitting
Front: unwitting
[ʌnˈwɪtɪŋ] (宝 18400/20292 -1)
Vocabulary: unwitting
(once / 1957 pages)
adj
Use the adjective unwitting to describe someone who doesn't know certain important information, such as unwitting computer users who don't know that an online shopping site is tracking all their activity.
Unwitting can also describe something you do almost automatically, like the unwitting way you double-check that the door is locked when leaving the house. It can also indicate that something is done without intention, like an unwitting arrival at a by-invitation-only event. Wit means "clever," so something that is unwitting is not clever.
WORD FAMILY
unwitting: unwittingly+/witting: unwitting, wittingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Old Bailey heard the high-profile convoys led by the Muslim community became unwitting vehicles for the plan to fund terrorism.
BBC(Dec 23, 2016)
While many celebrities serve as brand endorsers, unwitting or not, others are trying to become the brand.
New York Times(Dec 10, 2016)
He described Ménard as “naive”, an unwitting accomplice who was “swept up” in the fraud before confessing to it in December 2013.
The Guardian(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: adj. 不知道的，未觉察的; 无意的
vt. 使精神错乱(unwit的ing形式); 使丧失智能
分布：不知情的(73%)，无意的(27%)
【记】un不，witting（adj 有意的）：不是有意的
【反】conscious（adj 有意识的）
US [-'wɪtˌ-] formal
adjective [before noun]
■without knowing or planning 不知情的；无意的
• The two women claimed they were the unwitting victims of a drugs dealer who planted a large quantity of heroin in their luggage. 这两个妇女声称是一个毒贩在她们不知情的情况下把大量的海洛因放进了她们的行李。
adj. 不知情的；不知不觉的，无意的
 - uninitiated, involuntary

Word: diocesan
Front: diocesan
[daɪ'ɒsɪsn] (宝 18516/12744)
Vocabulary: diocesan
(once / 9057 pages)
nadj
Anything diocesan relates to a diocese, which is an area that a senior Catholic priest is in charge of. You might see it in phrases like “diocesan newspapers,” “diocesan policies,” or “diocesan officials.”
If you hear this word rather than see it, its relationship to its root (diocese) may not be obvious because of the shift in stress. Diocesan is simply the adjective of diocese, the territorial jurisdiction of a Catholic bishop. The immediate root is from a Latin word for an “administrative division,” and that meaning is still important. All diocesan affairs relate to how the diocese is organized and run by Catholic officials and clergy under the bishop.
WORD FAMILY
diocesan: diocesans+/archdiocese: archdiocesan, archdioceses/diocese: archdiocese, diocesan, dioceses
USAGE EXAMPLES
The findings were based partly on evidence from a secret diocesan archive opened through a search warrant over the summer.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
The woman says Flaherty should have recused himself because diocesan officials are involved in the group.
Washington Times(Oct 13, 2016)
He said diocesan schools have always had a policy “to show respect and honor for God and country.”
Seattle Times(Sep 14, 2016)
Back: adj. 主教管区的
n. 教区主教
分布：主教管区的(75%)，管区主教(25%)
【记】源于：ocean（n 大海）主教一般都住在临海的地方，有利于交通和传教，而下面的反义词由e出，cu苦，men人：出去作苦难的人。指的是那些到世界各地的传教士，引申为全球基督教会的
【反】ecumenical（adj 全球基督教会的；一般的）
ADJ
教区的
Diocesan means belonging or relating to a diocese.
例：The church commissioners are cutting their contributions to diocesan funds.英格兰国教委员会正在减少对教区基金的善款拨付。
例：...the diocesan synod.教区大会

Word: high-flying
Front: high-flying
[hai ˈflaɪɪŋ] None
Back: adj. 抱有雄心大志的; 有野心的; 毫无道理的; 在高空飞行的
分布：抱有雄心大志的(44%)，有野心的(28%)，毫无道理的(28%)
adjective [before noun]
■extremely successful 极为成功的
• a high-flying investment banker 极为成功的投资银行家
adj. 抱有雄心大志的，有野心的；毫无道理的；在高空飞行的
 - blankety

Word: delectable
Front: delectable
[dɪˈlektəbl] (托雅宝 18357/20180)
Vocabulary: delectable
(once / 3369 pages)
adj
Something delectable is extremely delicious or appealing. Nothing tastes better at the end of a meal than an array of delectable desserts and pastries!
Don't let the de- at the beginning of delectable fool you. There is nothing negative about this word. Related to delicious through the Latin word for delight, if something is delectable, it is very tasty! Maybe you mom has promised you a delectable dinner of lobster and steak for your birthday meal? Occasionally, you will hear a man or woman described as delectable. That means that the person is so attractive, he or she looks good enough to eat!
WORD FAMILY
delectable: delectability, delectably+/delectability: delectabilities
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s the still delectable sweet lightness of this theatrical macaroon that we savor most.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 17, 2016)
In the same kitchen, Beth Dix, owner of Delectable Desserts & Catering, was whipping up a cake.
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
The dark meat separated from the bone at the mere suggestion of cutlery, yet the skin crackled delectably.
New York Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: adj. 令人愉快的，让人喜爱的
分布：美味的(67%)，愉快的(12%)，快乐的(12%)，可喜的(9%)
→词源同delicious,美味的，可口的。
愉快的[delect=delight(愉快)]
【记】delect＝delight高兴
【参】delectation（n 愉快；款待）＝delight＝enjoyment＝entertainment
adjective
■beautiful; giving great pleasure 美丽的；美妙的，愉悦的
• a delectable cheesecake 美味可口的起司蛋糕
adj. 美味的；令人愉快的
 - delicious, pleasant, lovely, grateful

Word: facsimile
Front: facsimile
[fækˈsɪməli] (托宝 18332/12590)
Vocabulary: facsimile
(once / 3151 pages)
1n 2nv
A facsimile is a copy or reproduction of something. Many parents hope their children will be facsimiles of themselves; many children have other plans in mind.
Facsimile comes from two Latin roots: facere, meaning "to make," and simile, meaning "like." Fax machines are so called because they copy and transmit facsimiles of documents, or faxes for short, over phone lines. Grammatically speaking, photocopiers also make facsimiles, but oddly enough those are referred to as copies — not faxes.
WORD FAMILY
facsimile: facsimiled, facsimiles
USAGE EXAMPLES
But police would soon learn that King’s weapon was a BB gun — a facsimile of the gun Mason used to shoot and kill the teen.
Washington Post(Dec 18, 2016)
To understand how fiendishly effective this tactic might be, it’s worth considering the facsimile of “business” presented on Trump’s reality show.
Slate(Dec 04, 2016)
Next door, a facsimile of a shop celebrates the Cuban national drink, guarapo, made with juice pressed from freshly cut sugar cane stalks.
New York Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. （文字、图画等的）副本，传真
分布：传真(82%)，摹本(9%)，摹写(9%)
→来自拉丁语fac simile, 即do something similar. 用来指传真，通常缩写为fax.
复写,传真(fac+simile相同→做出相同的东西→传真)[fac,fact,fect,fic,fig=make,do,表示"做,制作"]
誊写,摹写(fac事实+simile→实际一样→誊写)[simil,simul,sembl=alike,same表示"相类似,一样"]
【记】fac制作，simile相同－制作相同的东西－复制本，传真图象face脸，simile相同－脸相同－复制本，传真图象
noun countable
■an exact copy, especially of a document （尤指文件的）摹本，复制本
• a facsimile of the original manuscript 原始手稿的复制本
formal * a fax
model, facsimile, duplicate, reproduction, copy
这组词都有“复制品”的意思，其区别是：
model: 可指按某物式样制造、按比例缩小的模型，也可指某物未制成之前做出的模型。
facsimile: 含义与copy大体相同，但较文雅。
duplicate: 常指完全一模一样，可代替原件的复制品。
reproduction: 批按原物复制的产品，着重复制品与原物相似。
copy: 普通用词，含义广泛，指精确的或不精确的复制品。
n. [通信] 传真；复写
 - fax, electrical transmission
adj. 复制的
 - reproductive, copied
vt. [通信] 传真；临摹
 - fax, copy from

Word: half-hearted
Front: half-hearted
[hɑ:f 'hɑ:tɪd] (-1)
Vocabulary: half-hearted
(once / 5913 pages)
adj
Use the adjective half-hearted to describe someone whose heart is not really in what they are doing.
If you're a half-hearted member of your school marching band, you're not very excited about playing your tuba during halftime at football games. You might show up for awkward family dinners with your strange cousins, but you don't look forward to it and you can't wait until it's over. You're a half-hearted participant, and when your weird relatives leave, you probably give a half-hearted wave goodbye. The word can also be spelled "halfhearted."
WORD FAMILY
half-hearted
USAGE EXAMPLES
We now live in a world of half-hearted Curb imitators, all labouring under the delusion that Curb was nothing but floridly improvised swearwords.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Cautious to the end, even Obama’s UN demarche on Friday was half-hearted.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
But because its ruling looks half-hearted—it imposed no fine or prison term—she may find a way to keep her post at the fund.
Economist(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 粗心的; 没精打采的，缺乏热情的; 并非真心的; 半心半意的
分布：半心半意的(65%)，缺乏热情的(35%)
US [ˌhæf'hɑ:r.tˌɪd] adjective
■showing no enthusiasm and interest 不热情的；兴趣不大的
• He made a rather half-hearted attempt to clear up the rubbish. 他不大情愿地去清扫垃圾。
adj. 半心半意的；缺乏热情的
 - stolid

Word: unpretentious
Front: unpretentious
[ˌʌnprɪˈtenʃəs] (宝 18354/20160 -1)
Vocabulary: unpretentious
(once / 5432 pages)
adj
The adjective unpretentious is perfect for describing someone you know who's modest and natural and never tries to impress other people.
Pretentious comes from the Latin word meaning "pretend," prætensus, so when you're unpretentious, you see no reason to pretend. Some of your favorite people are probably unpretentious, tending to be honest and genuine. When extremely talented or well-known people are unpretentious, they feel no need to show off or remind you of their accomplishments. A place can also be described as unpretentious, if it's simple and comfortable, like the cozy, unpretentious cafe where you like to hang out.
WORD FAMILY
unpretentious: unpretentiously, unpretentiousness+/ pretense: pretenses, pretension, pretentious / pretension: pretensions/ pretentious: pretentiously, pretentiousness, unpretentious
USAGE EXAMPLES
To say that the founders were unpretentious understates the matter.
The New Yorker(Dec 04, 2016)
Terrifically unpretentious, it leaves visitors with big questions about everything.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 02, 2016)
There is a restaurant at Seaforth, where you can grab an unpretentious plate of fish or seafood, as well as use the ablution facilities.
The Guardian(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 不炫耀的; 不矫饰的; 谦逊的; 朴实无华的，不铺张的
分布：不炫耀的(63%)，含蓄的(25%)，谦虚的(12%)
【记】un不，pretentious（adj 自命不凡的）：不炫耀的
【反】bombastic（adj 夸大的）
[ˌʌn.prɪ'ten.ʃəs] approving
adjective
■simple and/or sincere; not pretentious 不矫饰的；低调的，不张扬的
• The food is delicious and unpretentious. 这种食物样子普通，但味道可口。
adj. 谦逊的；含蓄的；不炫耀的；不铺张的
 - modest, implicit

Word: photocopy
Front: photocopy
[ˈfəʊtəʊkɒpi] (雅 18377/14315 -K1)
Back: n. 影印本; 复印件
v. 影印，照相复制; 复印
时态：photocopied, photocopying, photocopies
分布：影印(84%)，影印本(16%)
→phot-,光，copy,复制，复印。
US ['foʊ.tˌoʊˌkɑ:.pi] noun countable
■a photographic copy of a document made on a photocopier 影印本，影本
• I'll just make a photocopy of the agreement. 我只是要把这份协议影印一份。
n. [图情] 复印件；影印
 - xerocopy, hard copy
vi. [图情] 影印，复印
 - copy

Word: settee
Front: settee
[seˈti:] (18481/10632 -1)
Back: n. 长靠椅; 中小型长沙发
分布：长靠椅(78%)，长沙发椅(22%)
→可能来自 settle 拼写变体，比较 settle,长木凳，高背长椅。
长靠椅(人安定休息的地方)[set=fix,表示"安置好"]
noun countable
■a long soft seat with a back and usually with arms; a sofa 长沙发
US
■a long wooden seat which has a back 长靠背椅

Word: charade
Front: charade
[ʃəˈrɑ:d] (宝 18388/18799 -1)
Vocabulary: charade
(once / 6731 pages)
n
A charade is something done just for show. Your devotion to vegetarianism would be a charade if you actually ate cheeseburgers when no one was looking.
When you want things to appear different than they really are, you might be tempted to put on a charade, like a charade of happiness when you are really feeling down. Charade is also the name for a silently-acted clue in the game called charades — which originally wasn't silent. It used indirect descriptions of the words; the non-speaking version was called dumb charades.
WORD FAMILY
charade: charades
USAGE EXAMPLES
The prime minister challenged the Obama administration to immediately announce that it would block new Security Council resolutions on Israel and end this “charade.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Mr. Trump seems determined to honor his campaign promise, which would end this political and diplomatic charade.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
But I say quit the charade and just own up to it.
New York Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: n. 易识破的伪装; 看手势猜字谜游戏; 哑剧字谜
分布：易识破的伪装(50%)，看手势猜字谜游戏(50%)
→可能来自char，叽叽喳喳的声音，代指字谜游戏中的一些暗示。-ade, 名词后缀。
【记】charade是夏利的商标－字谜游戏车
US [-'reɪd] noun
FALSE SITUATION 作假
countable
■an act or event which is clearly false 显而易见的作假；明显的伪装
• Everyone knew who was going to get the job from the start - the interviews were just a charade. 大家从一开始就知道谁会得到这份工作——面试不过是做个样子而已。
UK [ʃə'rɑ:d] US [-'reɪd] noun
GAME 游戏
charades
uncountable
■a team game in which each member tries to communicate to the others a particular word or phrase that they have been given, by expressing each syllable or word using silent actions 打哑谜猜字游戏

Word: affordability
Front: affordability
[əˌfɔ:də'bɪlətɪ] (18327/37289)
Back: 可购性
分布：支付能力(100%)
ADJ-GRADED
价格合理的;多数人买得起的
If something is affordable, most people have enough money to buy it.
例：...the availability of affordable housing...买得到价格合理的住房
例：The company makes wearable, beautifully cut clothes at affordable prices.这家公司生产经久耐穿、外形美观且价格合理的服装。
n. 支付能力；负担能力；可购性
 - ability to pay, capacity to pay

Word: narcissism
Front: narcissism
[ˈnɑ:sɪsɪzəm] (宝 18480/23152)
Vocabulary: narcissism
(once / 10000 pages)
n
Do you have a friend who constantly turns the conversation to themselves, as in "That's great about your winning the award but do you think these pants look good on me?" They're putting their narcissism, or excessive love of self, on display.
In psychoanalysis, narcissism is erotic gratification derived from excessive love for yourself, and is considered to be a normal developmental stage. The reference is to Narcissus, a beautiful youth in Greek mythology who fell in love with his reflection in a body of water and was changed into the flower narcissus, which grows near water.
WORD FAMILY
narcissism: narcissist, narcissistic +/ narcissist: narcissists/ narcissistic: narcissistically
USAGE EXAMPLES
So how did the Norman Rockwell fantasy align with unabashed greed and narcissism?
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
He’s incapable of transcending the narcissism of defending his “landslide.”
Slate(Dec 12, 2016)
Yes, narcissism is built into the design of the president-elect’s residence.
Slate(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 自我陶醉，自恋
分布：自恋(82%)，自我陶醉(18%)
→来自古希腊神话，英俊青年Narcissus拒绝了神界第一美女Echo的爱，却爱上了自己在水中的倒影，不幸溺水而死，后用于心理学名词，自恋，孤芳自赏。
【记】源于Narcissus，一个青年由于对水池中自己形象的眷恋而死去，变成一种以他的名字命名的花朵－水仙花
US ['nɑ:r.sə-] disapproving
noun uncountable
■too much interest in and admiration for your own physical appearance and/or your own abilities （对容貌和能力的）自我陶醉，孤芳自赏，自恋
n. [心理] 自恋，自我陶醉
 - self-love, autophilia

Word: stagnate
Front: stagnate
[stægˈneɪt] (18383/20471 -1)
Vocabulary: stagnate
(once / 2323 pages)
v
If after high school you choose to live in your parents' house, keep the same job, and spend time with the same friends, your mother might worry that you've decided to stagnate, or stop moving forward.
When water stagnates, it stops moving and then sometimes begins to smell bad and attract mosquitoes. Think of a marshy pond or an old puddle. Similarly in the figurative sense, when the economy or society stagnates, it doesn't just sit still, it loses momentum. The word carries with it a negative connotation as something that stagnates really should be moving.
WORD FAMILY
stagnate: stagnancy, stagnated, stagnates, stagnating, stagnation +/stagnancy: stagnancies/ stagnation: stagnations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Market researcher IHS Automotive expects sales to stagnate next year.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
Shippers' margins are falling or stagnating, despite steady price increases, because homes are roughly three times as expensive to deliver to as business addresses.
Reuters(Dec 14, 2016)
Since the turn of the millennium, we’ve seen stagnating living standards, eroding trust in public institutions, and rising anger at the political system.
Slate(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: vi. 停滞，不流动，不发展; 变萧条
vt. （使）（水等）停滞不流; （使）不动，（使）不活动; （使）迟钝，（使）不活泼; （使）变萧条
时态：stagnated, stagnating, stagnates
分布：停滞不前(76%)，停止(15%)，不景气(9%)
→来自拉丁语 stagnare,停滞，静止，来自 stagnatum,静水，死水，可能来自 stag,滴，慢渗， 词源同 instill,distill,stalactite,stalagmite.
US ['stæg.neɪt] verb intransitive
■to stay the same and not grow or develop 停滞不前；不发展
• The electronics industry is showing signs of stagnating after 15 years of tremendous growth. 电子产业在经过15年的飞速发展之后出现了停滞不前的迹象。
vi. 停滞；淤塞；变萧条
 - stand, slow
vt. 使淤塞；使沉滞；使萧条
 - depress, land up

Word: primeval
Front: primeval
[praɪ'mi:vl] (18353/15652)
Vocabulary: primeval
(once / 1811 pages)
adj
Use primeval when you want to suggest something has existed from the beginning. The Big Bang? Dinosaur bones? Ancient trees? Yep — primeval.
The adjective primeval is from the Latin root words primus, meaning "first," and aevum, meaning "age." You might have an irrational, primeval fear of monsters — meaning that your monster fear has been there for as long as you can remember.
WORD FAMILY
primeval: primevally
USAGE EXAMPLES
And the poems in Vievee Francis’s haunting collection “Forest Primeval” are discreet yet revelatory, irresolute yet decisive, distressed yet serene.
The New Yorker(Dec 13, 2016)
Maybe it’s because there’s something almost primeval about a bell’s bucolic symbolism that resonates across cultures and epochs.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 08, 2016)
At 4:30 in midsummer you hear the birds’ morning chorus, nature primeval and ascendant.
New York Times(Nov 17, 2016)
Back: adj. 原始的; 太古的，太初的
adv. 原始地，太古地，太初地
分布：原始的(56%)，早期的(22%)，远古的(22%)
→来自prime,第一的，最初的，-ev,时间，时代，词源同age,longevity.
原始的,远古的(prim最初+eval时代的→最早时代的→原始的)[ev=age,表示"年龄,时代"]
早期的;远古的(prim+ev时代+al→最早的时代→远古的)[prim=first,chief表示"第一,主要的"]
(mainly UK primaeval) [praɪ'mi:.vəl] adjective
■ancient; existing at or from a very early time 原始的；早期的
• primeval forests 原始森林
adj. 原始的；初期的（等于primaeval）
 - original, earlier, young

Word: slur
Front: slur
[slɜ:(r)] (宝 14203/19367 -1)
Vocabulary: slur
(once / 3245 pages)
1vn 2vn
A slur is an insulting remark. In a political campaign, it’s not unheard of for a candidate to launch a slur at her opponent, though doing so is usually frowned upon.
Slur can also be used as a verb meaning “to insult,” and it has a number of additional meanings as well. To slur one’s speech is to pronounce words in a clumsy, lazy way. In the context of music, to slur is to slide smoothly from one note to another. The word history of slur is hazy, but some scholars have suggested a relationship with a Dutch word meaning "to drag."
WORD FAMILY
slur: slurred, slurring, slurs
USAGE EXAMPLES
Lane argued it was a complimentary reference to physical strength and “was not accompanied by any overtly racial slurs.”
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Marchand says the person who used the slur also directed it at a teammate.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Passengers became suspicious when they heard slurred words and unclear announcements from the cockpit.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 诽谤; 含糊地说; 连唱
n. 诋毁; 含糊发音; 连唱线
时态：slurred, slurring, slurs
分布：诋毁(39%)，诽谤(15%)，忽略(9%)，中伤(9%)，含糊地念(6%)，污点(6%)，草率地看过(6%)，耻辱(4%)，印刷模糊(3%)，污迹(3%)
→来自辅音丛 sl-,黏滑的，淤泥的，泥浆的，比较 slop,slosh,slough,sludge.引申比喻义涂抹泥浆， 诽谤，侮辱。词义含混的说话可能来自拟声词。
【记】有lur的都有模糊的意思，blur（v 使模糊）
【反】pronounce clearly（清楚地发音）
US [slɝ:] verb transitive (-rr-)
PRONOUNCE BADLY 发音糟糕
■to pronounce the sounds of a word in a way which is not clear, uncontrolled or wrong 含糊地说，口齿不清地说
• Her speech was slurred but she still denied she was drunk. 她口齿都不清楚了，但还不承认自己喝醉了。
UK [slɜ:r] US [slɝ:] verb transitive (-rr-)
MUSIC 音乐
■to sing or play notes in a smooth and connected manner 连唱；连奏
UK [slɜ:r] US [slɝ:] verb transitive (-rr-)
CRITICIZE 批评
■to harm someone's reputation by criticizing them 诽谤（指责某人而损害其名誉）
• The report slurs both the teachers and pupils. 该报道诋毁了教师和学生。
UK [slɜ:r] US [slɝ:] noun
CRITICISM 批评
countable
■a remark that criticizes someone which is likely to have a harmful effect on their reputation 诋毁，诽谤
• Her letter contained several outrageous slurs against/on her former colleagues. 她信里有好几处内容在肆意诋毁以前同事。
• His comments cast a slur on the integrity of his employees. 他的评论是对其员工正直品格的诋毁。
UK [slɜ:r] US [slɝ:] noun
BAD PRONUNCIATION 糟糕发音
only singular
■when you pronounce the sounds of a word in a way which is not clear, uncontrolled or wrong 含糊发音，不清楚地发音
• The drug affected her vision and made her speak with a slur. 药物影响了她的视力，使她的口齿也不清楚了。
UK [slɜ:r] US [slɝ:] noun
MUSIC 音乐
countable
■a curved line written over or under musical notes to show that they must be played in a smooth and connected manner （乐谱上的）连奏线，连唱线 ； 连音符
vt. 忽视；草率地看过；含糊地念；诋毁
 - ignore, neglect
vi. 含糊地发音；潦草地写字；拖着脚走
 - drag along, drag one's feet
n. 污点；诽谤；连音符
 - scandal, jaup

Word: dilate
Front: dilate
[daɪˈleɪt] (托雅宝 18343/19079 -1)
Vocabulary: dilate
(once / 1136 pages)
v
To dilate something is to make it wider. When the light fades, the pupil of your eye will dilate, meaning it looks bigger.
The verb dilate comes from the Latin word dilatare, which means “enlarge” or “spread out.” When something stretches, expands, or becomes wider, it is said to dilate. Usually the word dilate is used when the opening of something circular becomes larger, but every so often you might hear someone refer to the need to dilate someone's understanding of quantum physics, global warming, livestock breeding, or any other topic.
WORD FAMILY
dilate: dilatation, dilated, dilater, dilates, dilating, dilation, dilator+/dilatation: dilatations/dilater: dilaters/ dilation: dilations/dilator: dilators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Authorities say his pupils were dilated, and he seemed “amped up.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Authorities say his pupils were dilated and he seemed “amped up.”
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
They dilate small blood vessels by relaxing the smooth muscles around them.
New York Times(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: vt. 使扩大; 详述; 使膨胀; 扩张
vi. 扩大; 膨胀; 详述
时态：dilated, dilating, dilates
分布：扩大(34%)，详述(28%)，使扩大(20%)，膨胀(18%)
→di-, 分开，散开，来自dis-变体。-lat, 变宽，膨胀，词源同latitude, lateral. 即扩散，膨胀。
膨胀,扩大(di+late放→分开放→扩大)[di-①表示"两个,双"②表示"使…变成,分开,离开"]
膨胀,扩大(di分开+late→带开→扩大)[lat=bring,out,表示"拿出,带出"]
【记】di分开，late放，放大的－－扩大；di弟，late：弟弟要迟到了，妈妈愤怒了，眼睛也睁大了。
【区】dilute（v 冲淡；稀释；adj 淡的；稀释的）
【反】constrict（v 压缩）；narrow（v 使变窄）；contract（v 使缩短）
US ['--] mainly specialized
verb intransitive or transitive
■to (cause a part of the body to) become wider or further open （使身体的一部分）扩张，展开
• The pupils of the eyes dilate as darkness increases. 光线变暗时瞳孔就会放大。
• This drug will dilate the arteries. 这种药可以扩张动脉血管。
UK [daɪ'leɪt] US ['--] mainly specialized
verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  dilate on/upon sth formal
■to write or speak about a subject for a long time 详述；铺陈
• He likes to dilate upon what he thinks is wrong with the world. 他喜欢滔滔不绝地谈他眼中的世界问题所在。
vi. 扩大；膨胀；详述
 - extend, fill
vt. 使扩大；使膨胀
 - expand, exaggerate

Word: portend
Front: portend
[pɔ:ˈtend] (托宝 18414/34983)
Vocabulary: portend
(once / 3748 pages)
v
Portend means to show a sign that something calamitous is about to happen. The teetering, tottering, pile of fine china piled up after the dinner party portends an imminent crash of broken plates and dishes.
Portend is a verb warning of omens, or bad signs. Dark clouds rumbling in over a county fair in Kansas portend the thunderstorm and even tornado that is likely to ruin the festivities. Portend is a helpful way for authors to foreshadow dark events ahead in their stories.
WORD FAMILY
portend: portended, portending, portends
USAGE EXAMPLES
Even then, an overseas strategy does not portend survival, as Mr. Trump’s experience shows.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The prospect portends one of the biggest political backlashes in recent history.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Still, this year’s changes portend an academy that over time will look quite different than the academy of yesteryear.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: vt. 预示; 预兆; 给…以警告; 预告
时态：portended, portending, portends
分布：预知(50%)，预警(25%)，成为 ... 的前兆(25%)
→por-,在前，-tend,延伸，伸展，词源同extend.引申词义预示，预兆。
US [pɔ:r-] formal
verb transitive
■to be a sign that something bad is likely to happen in the future 预示，预兆，预告（坏事）
• It was a deeply superstitious country, where earthquakes were commonly believed to portend the end of dynasties. 这是一个很迷信的国家，地震被普遍认为预示着王朝的终结。
vt. 预示；预兆；意味着
 - indicate, forecast, shadow, spell, announce

Word: episodic
Front: episodic
[ˌepɪˈsɒdɪk] (宝 18428/24369)
Vocabulary: episodic
(once / 18555 pages)
adj
If you have an episodic interest in professional sports, you pay attention to sports from time to time, but you're not a regular fan. The adjective episodic is often used to mean "occasional" or "every once in a while."
If you have a bad cough that comes and goes, you could call it an "episodic condition." When used in this way, episodic suggests that the cough appears at irregular, or random, intervals. Episodic can also describe the way certain stories are told. An "episodic narrative" is a story that is told through a series of episodes, or segments. A soap opera on television, for instance, is an episodic program.
WORD FAMILY
episodic: episodically
USAGE EXAMPLES
In many ways, episodic messaging in story apps is not new.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
What we’re left with are episodic delights, moments of creative nastiness and humor that goose the story along.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Mr. Khalifa’s story is episodic rather than linear; it is more about an atmosphere, both emotional and physical, than any defining event.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: adj. （小说、剧本等）由松散片段组成的，插曲般的
分布：插曲式的(41%)，偶然发生的(26%)，短暂的(20%)，由一系列片段组成的(13%)
US [-'sɑ:.dɪk] formal
adjective
NOT REGULAR 不定期的
■happening only sometimes and not regularly 偶尔发生的；不定期的
• The war between these two countries has been long-drawn-out and episodic. 这两个国家之间时断时续的战争持续了好多年。
UK [ˌep.ɪ'sɒd.ɪk] US [-'sɑ:.dɪk] formal
adjective
STORY 故事
■describes stories which are divided into several parts, especially when they are broadcast on the television or radio （尤指电视或广播节目的）一集，一节，片断
• an episodic drama series 一部（分集的）连续剧

Word: hypnotize
Front: hypnotize
[ˈhɪpnətaɪz] (18341/27354)
Vocabulary: hypnotize
(once / 2342 pages)
v
When you hypnotize someone, you draw him into a mental state that is receptive to suggestion. If you are looking to break a bad habit like cigarette smoking, ask someone to hypnotize you.
To hypnotize is to induce a calm, focused state in one's self or in another person. The state is called hypnosis, and a person who can do this for someone else is a hypnotist. The word hypnotize comes from the Greek hypnotikos, "inclined to sleep or putting to sleep," and popular ideas of hypnosis reflect a kind of half-asleep state. In reality, when you hypnotize someone, the person remains awake and intently focused.
WORD FAMILY
hypnotize: hypnotism, hypnotized, hypnotizer, hypnotizes, hypnotizing+/ hypnosis: hypnoses, hypnotic, hypnotise, hypnotize, self-hypnosis/ hypnotic: hypnotically, hypnotics/hypnotise: hypnotised, hypnotiser, hypnotises, hypnotising/hypnotiser: hypnotisers/ hypnotism: hypnotisms, hypnotist/hypnotist: hypnotists/hypnotizer: hypnotizers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Blood Orange’s hypnotizing video ode to contemporary dance.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
The German newspaper Frankfurter Allgemeine, reviewing a live recording on the Pan Classics label earlier this year, recalled four hours of “hypnotizing intensity.”
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
“I was completely hypnotized by it,” he said.
New York Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 对…施催眠术; 使着迷，使精神恍惚
时态：hypnotized, hypnotizing, hypnotizes
分布：使着迷(36%)，使恍惚(34%)，施催眠术(30%)
→来自hypnotic,催眠的，-ize,使。
(UK usually hypnotise) ['hɪp.nə.taɪz] verb
■to put someone in a state of hypnosis 对…施催眠术
• She agreed to be hypnotized to try to remember what had happened. 她同意接受催眠以尝试回想曾经发生甚么事。
transitive usually passive
■to keep your attention so strongly that you feel unable to move or look away 着迷于；沉醉于
• I was hypnotized by his steely grey eyes. 我被他那双神情坚定的灰色眼睛迷住了。
vt. 使着迷；对…施催眠术；使恍惚
 - enthrall, beguile

Word: jog
Front: jog
[dʒɒg] (高研六托雅宝 8335/8826 -1)
Vocabulary: jog
(once / 1445 pages)
1vn 2vn 3n 4v
When you jog, you run at a moderate pace, usually to get exercise. If you jog down the street, you'll pass people who are walking and be passed by people who are sprinting.
Jog can be a verb, or a noun meaning a slow-paced run: "She moved at a lazy jog around the track, in no hurry to improve her time." A jog is slower than a flat-out run. Yet another way to use the word is to mean "nudge one's memory." A courtroom attorney might hold up a piece of evidence in front of a witness and say, "Perhaps this will jog your memory."
WORD FAMILY
jog: jogged, jogger, jogging, jogs+/jogger: joggers/jogging: joggings
USAGE EXAMPLES
A slow walk is about two MET, bicycling four MET, and jogging seven MET.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
And then, over time, it will become automatic to lace up your jogging shoes each morning.
New York Times(Oct 18, 2016)
At one point, Harriott was walking alongside the stadium fence when a Booker T. player jogged over and taunted him: “You’re next.”
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. & vi. 慢跑; 轻推，轻撞; 蹒跚行进; 使颠簸
vt. 慢跑; 轻推; 蹒跚行进; 使颠簸
n. 轻推，轻摇; 慢跑; （线，面上的）参差不齐; 突然的转向
时态：jogged, jogging, jogs
分布：慢跑(82%)，轻推(15%)，颠簸(3%)
→词源不详，可能是改自中古英语shoggen,摇动，摇晃，词源同shock.后引申词义上下摇动，摇摆，遛马，人的慢跑。
v.慢跑I jog five miles every day in the morning.我每天早上慢跑五英里.
【记】读：周哥＝周润发大哥，他爱好慢跑！
US [dʒɑ:g] (-gg-)
verb
RUN 跑
   intransitive
■to run at a slow regular speed, especially as a form of exercise 慢跑（尤指作为健身锻炼的方式）
• "What do you do to keep fit?" "I jog and go swimming." “你是怎样保持健康的？”“慢跑和游泳。”
• He was walking at a very quick pace and I had to jog to keep up with him. 他走得很快，我要慢跑才能跟上他。
UK [dʒɒg] US [dʒɑ:g] (-gg-)
verb
PUSH 推
   transitive
■to push or knock someone or something slightly, especially with your arm （尤指用胳膊）轻推，轻碰，轻撞
• A man rushed past and jogged her elbow , making her drop the bag. 一名男子匆匆走过，撞到她的手肘，使她的皮包掉到地上。
UK [dʒɒg] US [dʒɑ:g] (-gg-)
verb
MOVE FORWARD 前进
   intransitive + adverb or preposition
■to move forward slowly and shakily 蹒跚前行
• The horse and cart jogged down the rough track towards the farm. 马车在崎岖的路上颠簸着驶向农场。
• We were getting more and more uncomfortable as we jogged along in the back of the truck. 卡车一路颠簸前行，坐在后面的我们越来越感到不舒服。
UK [dʒɒg] US [dʒɑ:g] (-gg-)
verb
jog sb's memory
■to make someone remember something 唤起（某人的）记忆，提醒（某人）
• The police showed him a photo to try to jog his memory about what had happened on the night of the robbery. 警方给他看了一张照片，想让他记起抢劫的当晚发生了甚么事情。
UK [dʒɒg] US [dʒɑ:g] (-gg-)
verb
  Phrasal Verbs  jog along informal
■If something, such as your work, jogs along, it moves on at a slow but regular speed 缓慢平稳地进行
• "How's your research going?" "Oh, it's jogging along." “你的研究怎么样了？”“哦，正在缓慢进展中。”
UK [dʒɒg] US [dʒɑ:g] (-gg-)
noun only singular
■a run that you do at a slow regular speed, especially as a form of exercise 慢跑（尤指作为健身锻炼的方式）
• I haven't done much exercise all week, so I think I'll go for a jog this morning. 我一周都没运动，所以今早我想去慢跑。
trot, jog, run, race
这组词都有“跑”的意思，其区别是：
trot: 强调小跑时上下弹跳的动作，是介于跑与走之间轻快的快速运动。
jog: 指从容不迫地慢跑。
run: 最普通用词，指由于各种原因而急速奔跑。
race: 多用于赛跑，指以最快速度奔跑。
vt. 慢跑；轻推；蹒跚行进；使颠簸
 - surge
vi. 慢跑；轻推；蹒跚行进；颠簸着移动
 - canter
n. 慢跑；轻推，轻撞
 - dogging, trot

Word: whole-wheat
Front: whole-wheat
['həʊlw'i:t] None
Back: n. 粗面粉，营养面粉
分布：营养面粉(50%)，粗面粉(50%)
adj. 全麦的；全麦面粉制成的
 - graham
n. 营养面粉；粗面粉
 - dunst, wheatmeal

Word: wrack
Front: wrack
[ræk] (18410/23271)
Vocabulary: wrack
(once / 6840 pages)
1nv 2n 3n
Wrack is when something falls into disrepair. When an old house deteriorates, you can describe its wrack, or the process of its crumbling collapse.
You're most likely to come across the noun wrack in the phrase "go to wrack and ruin." This is a descriptive way to talk about the collapse or gradual breakdown of something, either literal — "I hate to see that building go to wrack and ruin," or figurative — "Their marriage went to wrack and ruin after a year." In the fourteenth century, a wrack was a shipwreck, from the Middle Dutch wrak, or "wreck."
WORD FAMILY
wrack: wracked, wracking, wracks
USAGE EXAMPLES
Instead, Jim, wracked by loneliness after a year in luxe isolation, wakes Aurora up himself, essentially dooming her to live and die at his side.
Slate(Dec 20, 2016)
These problems aren’t the worst aspects of a democratic process wracked by voter suppression.
Slate(Dec 05, 2016)
Wars in Syria, Iraq, Libya, and Yemen wrack the region, and virulent forms of extremism threaten all the other states.
The New Yorker(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: n. （在海岸上长的或冲到海岸上的）海草（用作肥料等）; 墨角藻; 残败; 漂来物
时态：wracked, wracking, wracks
分布：破坏(51%)，海草(27%)，残骸(13%)，带来极大的痛苦(9%)
→可能来自wreg,推，驱动，扭曲，词源同wreak,wreck,引申义残骸，破败。后也用来指漂到海岸上的海草。
noun uncountable See rack and ruin at rack
n. 失事船只；破坏； [植] 漂积海草
 - destruction, breaking, blasting
vt. 严重伤害；遇难
 - bemaul

Word: creationism
Front: creationism
[kriˈeɪʃnɪzəm] (18511/-)
Back: n. 创造宇宙说，特别创造说; 神创论
分布：特别创造说(55%)，创造宇宙说(45%)
→来自create, 创造。
N-UNCOUNT
神创说，特创论(相信《圣经》中上帝创世的记述，反对进化论)
Creationism is the belief that the account of the creation of the universe in the Bible is true, and that the theory of evolution is incorrect.

Word: habitable
Front: habitable
[ˈhæbɪtəbl] (宝 18476/21087)
Vocabulary: habitable
(once / 3203 pages)
adj
Something habitable is appropriate to live in. If you're having the wood floors of your house refinished, it might not be habitable until they've completely dried.
Earth is a habitable planet: Mars isn't. In other words, humans can live comfortably on Earth, since its atmosphere has air we can breathe and temperatures we can tolerate. While many of us live in perfectly habitable homes and cities, there are also people whose living situations wouldn't be considered habitable by most of us. In Old French, habitable means "suitable for human dwelling," from the Latin habitare, "to inhabit."
WORD FAMILY
habitable: habitability, habitableness+/ habit: habitable, habited, habiting, habits, habitual, habituate / habitual: habitually/ habituate: habituated, habituates, habituating, habituation/habituation: habituations
USAGE EXAMPLES
In most cities and states, landlords are required to keep the properties they rent in habitable condition.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
This rocky world in a next-door system - named Proxima b - also sits within the so-called habitable zone around its star.
BBC(Dec 21, 2016)
As you would expect, it’s not looking good for those of us concerned about a habitable climate and livable cities.
Salon(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 适于居住的
分布：可居住的(65%)，适于居住的(35%)
→来自拉丁语habitare,居住，生活，来自habere,持，握，拥有，词源同habit,habitat.
US [-tˌə-] adjective (also inhabitable)
■providing conditions which are good enough to live in or on 适于居住的，可以居住的
• A lot of improvements would have to be made before the building was habitable. 这座大楼在入住之前还需要进行大整修。
• Some areas of the country are just too cold to be habitable. 这个国家的某些地区过于寒冷，不适宜居住。
Opposite uninhabitable
adj. 可居住的；适于居住的
 - tenantable, inhabitable

Word: second
Front: second
[ˈsekənd] (中高雅 381/242 -K5)
Vocabulary: second
(once / 18 pages)
1adjnadv 2n 3n 4n 5nv 6n 7adj 8v
A second may be one-sixtieth of a minute or the item after first. If you ask whether you're second in line, the hostess might reply, "Give me a second and I'll tell you."
Different meanings of the word second have evolved from the same background, which is the Latin word secundus, which means "next" or "following." Many of the meanings of second follow that idea of a linear "next," including "second base" (comes after "first base"). Back when duels were commonly fought, each dueler chose a second, a friend whose job it was to see that the fight followed the rules. You might have second thoughts about entering a duel, and rightfully so.
WORD FAMILY
second: seconded, seconder, seconding, secondly, secondment, seconds+/seconder: seconders
USAGE EXAMPLES
"It was a big offside for the second goal," said Bilic.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
The only certainty is this: That interception in the final 90 seconds of Sunday’s game will haunt Cousins at the negotiating table.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
On the next drive, McQuay dropped a would-be interception on second down.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 秒; 瞬间; 次货; 第二份食物
adj. 第二的; 次要的; 居第二位的; 另外的
adv. 第二; 其次; 以第二位
vt. 支持; 临时调派; 附议; 赞成提案
时态：seconded, seconding, seconds
分布：第二(88%)，秒(6%)，支持(1%)，其次(1%)，第二的(1%)，片刻(1%)，次等的(1%)，赞成(1%)
→来自古法语 second,第二的，来自拉丁语 secundus,第二的，从属的，按顺序的，紧跟着的， 来自 sequi,跟随，词源同 sequence,consequent.-und,形容词后缀。second 秒，片刻，瞬间
a.第二;次等的,二等的n.秒v.赞成,附和The man beyond the bond is fond of the second wonderful diamond.那位不受约束的人喜欢第二颗奇异的钻石.
ordinal number determiner
 ESSENTIAL
■immediately after the first and before any others 第二（的），第二个（的）
• Is Brian her first or second child? 布莱恩是她的第一个还是第二个孩子？
• This is the second time I've had flu this winter. 这是今年冬天以来我的第二场感冒。
 ESSENTIAL
■the position in which a person finishes a race or competition if they finish immediately behind the winner 第二名（的）
• First prize is a fortnight in Barbados and second prize is a weekend in Rome. 头奖是巴巴多斯双环游，二奖是罗马周末游。
• Jones took second place in the long jump. 钟斯在跳远比赛中得了第二名。
 ESSENTIAL
■Second is used to show that only one thing is better, bigger, etc. than the thing mentioned 仅次于第一（的）
• St Petersburg is Russia's second (biggest/largest) city. 圣彼得堡是俄罗斯第二大城市。
• Iraq's oil reserves are second only to Saudi Arabia's. 伊拉克的石油储量仅次于沙乌地阿拉伯。
■3. The conditions that these prisoners are kept in are second to none (= better than all others).
 IMPROVER
■another 另一（的）； 又一（的）
• She is often described as the second Marilyn Monroe. 她常常被人们称为玛丽莲‧梦露第二。
• You really ought to make the most of the opportunity, because you won't get a second chance. 你真的应该好好珍惜这个机会，因为你不会再有这样的机会了。
• Richard and Liz have a second home in France. 理查和利兹在法国还有一个家。
• Pay attention to what she's saying because she won't explain it a second time. 注意听她讲，因为她不会讲第二遍。
■happening only once out of every two possible times; alternate 每隔一个（的）
• We've decided to hold the conference every second year. 我们已经决定每两年举行一次会议。
['sek.ənd] ordinal number determiner
second best
■not as good as the best and therefore not wanted so much 第二好的，仅次于最好的
• She refuses to settle for second best - she strives for perfection. 她不甘第二，努力做到最好。
['sek.ənd] adverb
■after the first and before any others 第二（的），第二个（的）
• Robertson won the race and Cameron was/came/finished second. 罗伯逊得了赛跑冠军，卡梅伦得了第二名。
• In this business, money comes first and principles come a very poor second (= they are much less important). 在这个行业，钱是第一位的，而原则远远不及金钱。
■used to introduce the second thing in a list of things you want to say or write; secondly 第二；其次
• There are two good reasons why we can't do it. First, we can't afford it, and second, we don't have time. 有两个很好的原因可以解释我们为甚么不能这样做：第一，我们没有钱；其次，我们没有时间。
['sek.ənd] noun
TIME 时间
 ESSENTIAL countable (abbreviation sec) (s)
■a short unit of time which is equal to a sixtieth of a minute 秒
• There are sixty seconds in a minute. 1分钟有60秒。
• These computers process millions of instructions per second. 这些电脑每秒钟处理几百万个指令。
• The new system can trace a phone call in a fraction of a second. 新系统可以极快地查出来电号码。
 ESSENTIAL countable
■a very short period of time 片刻；瞬间
• "Come on, hurry up!" "I'll just/only be a second - I've got to lock the back door." “快，跟上！”“等一下，我得把锁后门。”
• Have you got a second, Paul? I'd like to have a word with you. 你能抽出点时间吗，保罗？我想和你说句话。
• It won't take a second (= It will be very quick). 花不了多少时间。
• Wait a couple of/a few seconds before trying again. 等一会儿再试。
['sek.ənd] noun
POSITION 位置
only singular
■the second person or thing to do or be something, or the second person or thing mentioned 第二个（人或事物）；第二名
• This is the second of the four tests. 这是四场测验中的第二场。
seconds [plural] informal
■an extra serving of food that is given after the first serving has been eaten 添菜；再来的一份食物
• Would anyone like seconds of ice cream? 有人想再来一份霜淇淋吗？
['sek.ənd] noun
MEASUREMENT 度量衡
countable specialized
■the smallest unit used for measuring an angle 秒（最小角度单位）
• There are 3600 seconds in a degree. 1度有3600秒。
['sek.ənd] noun
DAMAGED PRODUCT 破损产品
countable
■a product that is sold cheaply because it is damaged or not in perfect condition 瑕疵品
['sek.ənd] noun
HELPER 助手
countable
■a person who takes care of someone who is fighting in a boxing competition or, in the past, in a duel (= organized fight) （拳击比赛或旧时决斗中的）助手
['sek.ənd] noun
QUALIFICATION 证书
countable (also second class degree) UK
■a degree qualification immediately below the highest level you can get from a British university （英国大学中的）第二等学位
['sek.ənd] noun
GEAR 排档
uncountable (also second gear)
■in a vehicle, the gear which combines power with limited speed and is used when increasing or reducing speed （车辆的）二档
• You'll have to change (down/up) into second. 你得换二挡。
['sek.ənd] verb transitive
■to make a formal statement of support for a suggestion made by someone else during a meeting so that there can be a discussion or vote 附议；赞成
• specialized The motion was proposed by the club's chairwoman and seconded by the secretary. 该动议由俱乐部女主席提出，由干事附议。
• "I could do with a drink." "I'll second that (= I agree with you) !" “我想喝杯饮料。”“我赞成！”
UK [sɪ'kɒnd] US [-'kɑ:nd] verb transitive UK
■to send an employee to work somewhere else temporarily, either to increase the number of workers or to replace other workers, or to exchange experience or skills （临时）调任，调派
• During the dispute, many police officers were seconded from traffic duty to the prison service. 在争端期间，很多员警从交管部门被抽调出来，派去监狱。
n. [计量] 秒；第二名；瞬间；二等品
 - moment, breath, instant
vt. 支持
 - encourage, back, carry, champion, support of
adj. 第二的；次要的；附加的
 - additional, attached, supporting, minor, peripheral
adv. 第二；其次；居第二位
 - next

Word: phalanx
Front: phalanx
[ˈfælæŋks] (18541/33016)
Vocabulary: phalanx
(once / 2769 pages)
1n 2n
A phalanx is a tightly knit group of people or things, like an army troop or a bunch of fans of the same band.
Phalanx refers to any tightly formed group of soldiers or officers, and historically defines a body of Macedonian infantry whose shields overlapped. From that sense, it came to mean any close-knit group. Another definition of phalanx — any bone in a finger or toe — also came out of the military sense: these bones work together closely, just like a military phalanx. The plural for these bones is phalanges, while the plural for the other senses is phalanxes.
WORD FAMILY
phalanx: phalangeal, phalanges, phalanxes
USAGE EXAMPLES
Data are incorporated from a phalanx of personality tests that Mr. Dalio requires of his employees.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 22, 2016)
On the night Vanessa Dundon was shot in the eye, she was on the front lines looking up at a phalanx of police.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
The political correctness police are instantly transformed into a phalanx of heathen Scrooges and Grinches.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 方阵; 密集队; 密集人群; 趾骨
分布：方阵(53%)，趾骨(27%)，密集队(10%)，密集人群(10%)
→来自中古法语phalange,来自拉丁语phalanx,方阵，队伍，步兵阵形，可能来自bhelg,柱子，板块，词源同balk,block.
US ['feɪ.læŋks] (plural phalanxes or phalanges) formal
noun countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■a large group of people standing very close to each other, usually for the purposes of defence or attack 密集的人群，方阵（通常以防御或攻击为目的）
• Bodyguards formed a solid phalanx around the singer so that photographers couldn't get close. 保镖在歌手周围形成密集的人墙，阻止摄影师靠近。

Word: inscrutable
Front: inscrutable
[ɪnˈskru:təbl] (宝 18390/20343)
Vocabulary: inscrutable
(once / 1732 pages)
adj
Any person or thing that's mysterious, mystifying, hard to read, or impossible to interpret is inscrutable. You ever notice how it's hard to tell what some people are thinking? Those folks are inscrutable.
A good way to think about what inscrutable means is to consider cats and dogs. Dogs wear their hearts on their sleeves, shaking when they're afraid and bouncing up and down when they're happy. Dogs are definitely not inscrutable, because you can tell what they're thinking and feeling. On the other hand, cats are very difficult to read. Even longtime cat owners aren't always sure what's going on with their kitty. Cats are very inscrutable animals.
WORD FAMILY
inscrutable: inscrutability, inscrutably+/inscrutability: inscrutabilities
USAGE EXAMPLES
These are systems patterned after the way the human brain works but which, ironically, are almost entirely inscrutable to humans.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Master Yoda’s aphorisms up against an inscrutable textbook is a battle that may end in a tie.
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
The island is beautiful but oblique, sublime yet functionally inscrutable.
Time(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 不可理解的，谜一样的; 神妙莫测
分布：不能预测的(55%)，难以了解的(45%)
→in-,不，非，-scr,分割，分开，词源同shear,scrutiny.即不可分开的，难以分析的，引申词义难以理解的。
【记】in不，scrut理解，able能一不能理解的
【参】scrutiny（n 详细审查）scru理解，tiny（adj 微小的）；inscrutability（n 不能预测；不可思议）
US [-tˌə-] adjective
■(especially of a person or their expression) not showing emotions or thoughts and therefore very difficult to understand or get to know （尤指人或其表情）高深莫测的，难以捉摸的
• an inscrutable face/expression/smile 神秘莫测的面孔／表情／笑容
adj. 神秘的；不可理解的；不能预测的；不可思议的
 - mysterious, magic

Word: roost
Front: roost
[ru:st] (托 16270/18729 -1)
Vocabulary: roost
(once / 1248 pages)
nv
A roost is a place where birds or bats can sleep or rest safely. Backyard chickens need a comfortable, secure roost to stay warm and rested.
You can use roost to mean the perch that birds stand on while resting, the structure that contains the perch, or even a random tree branch, in the case of a wild bird. As a verb, it means to sit or to rest: "The chickens began to roost for the evening." When someone says, "Chickens come home to roost," they mean that bad actions eventually have bad consequences. And if you "rule the roost," you're in charge.
WORD FAMILY
roost: roosted, rooster, roosting, roosts+/ rooster: roosters
USAGE EXAMPLES
Wooden and plastic foot molds, or “lasts,” hang from the ceiling like roosting bats.
Seattle Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Jim Bergens, property manager at the Jasper-Pulaski Fish and Wildlife Area, said the cranes require wetlands for roosting and nesting.
Washington Times(Dec 03, 2016)
Tastes have changed since Neil Simon ruled the Broadway roost, but he really did write wonderful comedies, and his autobiographical “Broadway Bound” still holds up.
Washington Post(Nov 16, 2016)
Back: n. 栖木，鸡棚; （鸟类）栖息处; 歇息处
vi. 栖息; 过去事情的恶果显现出来; 自食恶果; 得到报应
时态：roosted, roosting, roosts
分布：栖息(47%)，栖木(18%)，栖息处(14%)，鸟窝(14%)，安歇(7%)
→来自古英语 hrost,禽鸟栖息处，来自 Proto-Germanic*hrodst,栖息。
【记】rooster（n 公鸡）在roost
noun countable
■a place, such as a branch of a tree, where birds rest or sleep （鸟的）栖身处，栖木
[ru:st] verb intransitive
■when birds roost, they go somewhere to rest or sleep （鸟的）栖身处，栖木
[ru:st] verb intransitive
come back/ home to roost
■to return to cause problems 回报到自己身上，得到恶报
• All his earlier mistakes are coming home to roost. 他早些时候犯的那些错误都在都报应到他自己身上了。
n. 栖木；鸟窝；群栖的禽鸟
 - perch
vi. 栖息；安歇
 - perch

Word: foolproof
Front: foolproof
[ˈfu:lpru:f] (宝 18375/21607)
Vocabulary: foolproof
(once / 25364 pages)
adjv
When something is bound to work out, you can call it foolproof. Your foolproof plan for having a great summer might involve spending lots of time at the beach.
If your dog tends to wander and can also jump six feet in the air, a foolproof plan for keeping her in your yard might involve an eight foot fence. You can also use foolproof as a verb: "I'm going to foolproof the instructions for heating up your dinner, so that no one sets the stove on fire this time." Foolproof is an early twentieth century American English word that combines fool, or "silly person" and proof, "resistant."
WORD FAMILY
foolproof
USAGE EXAMPLES
Of course, the courier system Trump suggests is hardly foolproof, either.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Although no foolproof test exists, Taubes insists that if sugar were absent in our diet, we’d see far less occurrence of these related diseases.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
But for works created by Ailey himself, tattoo coverage is mandatory, and the fabric sleeve is not foolproof.
Washington Post(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: adj. （方法、计划、系统等设计得）万无一失的，肯定成功的
分布：极简单的(32%)，不会错的(30%)，傻瓜式的(23%)，可靠而操作简便的(15%)
→fool, 傻瓜。-proof, 防止，词源同waterproof, fireproof.
错不了的(fool笨蛋)[-proof表形容词"防…的"]
【记】fool，proof（n 证据adj 防…的vt 检验）－防傻瓜的
【参】fool's errand（n 徒劳无功的工作）
adjective
■(of a plan or machine) so simple and easy to understand that it is unable to go wrong or be used wrongly （计划或机器）连傻子都懂的，操作简便的，万无一失的
• I don't believe there's any such thing as a foolproof scheme for making money. 我认为不存在任何轻而易举的赚钱方法。
• This new video-recorder is supposed to be foolproof. 这台新的录影机应该是傻瓜型的。
adj. 十分简单的；十分安全的；不会错的
 - inerrable

Word: chopping
Front: chopping
[tʃɒpɪŋ] (18392/21723)
Back: adj. 波浪汹涌的，硕大强健的; 削球; 斩波; 断续
分布：切(81%)，波浪汹涌的(10%)，风向常变的(3%)，动词chop的现在分词形式.(3%)，中断(3%)
VERB
砍;剁;劈;切
If you chop something, you cut it into pieces with strong downward movements of a knife or an axe.
例：Chop the butter into small pieces...把黄油切成小片。
例：Chop the onions very finely...把洋葱切碎。
N-COUNT
(羊或猪的)排骨
A chop is a small piece of meat cut from the ribs of a sheep or pig.
例：...grilled lamb chops.烤羊排
PHRASE
反复无常;不断变卦
When people chop and change, they keep changing their minds about what to do or how to act.
例：Don't ask me why they have chopped and changed so much.别问我为什么他们一会儿一个主意。
PHRASE
将被取消(或关闭);(人)将被解雇
If something is for the chop or is going to get the chop, it is going to be stopped or closed. If someone is for the chop, they are going to lose their job or position.
例：He won't say which programmes are for the chop...他不愿说哪些项目将被毙掉。
例：I was both disappointed and amazed when I got the chop from the Wales team.我被威尔士队解聘时，既失望又错愕。
n. 截断
 - truncation, interception

Word: stubbornness
Front: stubbornness
['stʌbənnis] (托 18393/21145)
Back: n. 倔强，顽强; 牛性; 牛脾气; 犟劲
分布：顽固(78%)，棘手(16%)，形容词stubborn的名词形式.(6%)
ADJ-GRADED
倔强的;固执的;顽固的;执拗的
Someone who is stubborn or who behaves in a stubborn way is determined to do what they want and is very unwilling to change their mind.
例：He is a stubborn character used to getting his own way...他性格固执，惯于一意孤行。
例：His face was set in an expression of stubborn determination.他脸上流露出固执坚定的表情。
ADJ-GRADED
(污渍)顽固的，难以去除的;(问题)棘手的，难以解决的
A stubborn stain or problem is difficult to remove or to deal with.
例：This treatment removes the most stubborn stains...这个方法能清除大多数顽固污渍。
例：The first and most stubborn problem was that of reductions in the number of aircraft.最首要也是最棘手的问题是飞机数量的减少。
n. 倔强；顽强；棘手
 - perverseness, wilfulness

Word: fifty-two
Front: fifty-two
None None
Back: num. 五十二
分布：五十二(100%)

Word: liberator
Front: liberator
['lɪbəreɪtə(r)] (18545/23109)
Vocabulary: liberator
(once / 3973 pages)
n
A liberator is someone who sets people free from captivity. Abolitionists were liberators who fought to free African-American slaves from bondage in the years before the Civil War.
Both liberator and liberty derive from the Latin liberare meaning "to set free." A liberator is someone who provides liberty, or freedom, to people held captive or repressed. At the end of the Holocaust, allied forces entered Germany and Poland, acting as liberators for millions of Jews held in concentration camps during World War II.
WORD FAMILY
liberator: liberators+/ liberate: liberated, liberates, liberating, liberation, liberator / liberation: liberations/ libertarian: libertarianism, libertarians/ liberty: liberate, libertarian, liberties
USAGE EXAMPLES
If dance and music were central to Mali’s freedom, Sidibe was the people’s liberator.
Time(Dec 30, 2016)
Then, lo and behold, every bearded man in the neighborhood trooped through wanting a shave before the liberators arrived!
Wall Street Journal(Dec 07, 2016)
Say what you want about Fidel Castro, in Africa he was a liberator.
Washington Post(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. （民族）解放者，解救者
分布：解放者(79%)，释放者(21%)
N-COUNT
解放者；拯救者
A liberator is someone who sets people free from a system, situation, or set of ideas that restricts them in some way.
例：They came as liberators and now they're occupiers.他们来的时候是解放者，现在却成了占领者。
n. 解放者；释放者
 - emancipator, releaser

Word: fluctuating
Front: fluctuating
['flʌktʃʊeɪtɪŋ] (18365/14246)
Vocabulary: fluctuating
(once / 4454 pages)
adj
Fluctuating describes something that has unpredictable ups and downs. Fluctuating often refers to changing numbers or quantities of something, like fluctuating stock prices that go up and down.
The word fluctuating originated in the 1600s, coming from the Latin word fluctuatus, a form of fluctuare, which means "to undulate." If something is fluctuating, it's unstable — it can swing back and forth. When the weather is fluctuating that means it can change at any moment, dumping snow on your town one minute and then producing warm weather the next. Moods, demand, morals, prices — anything that has unpredictable shifts can be described as fluctuating.
WORD FAMILY
fluctuating: fluctuatingly, unfluctuating+/ fluctuate: fluctuated, fluctuates, fluctuating, fluctuation / fluctuation: fluctuations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Opener Keaton Jennings hit a debut century as England reached 288-5 on a fluctuating first day of the fourth Test against India in Mumbai.
BBC(Dec 08, 2016)
The boy is given oxygen; latex gloves are filled with warm water to stop his temperature from fluctuating wildly.
Economist(Oct 20, 2016)
“Oil prices are likely to remain choppy, fluctuating in tandem with news flow,” the bank said in a report.
New York Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: v. 波动，涨落，起伏( fluctuate的现在分词 )
分布：上下浮动的(60%)，动词fluctuate的现在分词.(40%)
VERB
变动;波动;上下浮动
If something fluctuates, it changes a lot in an irregular way.
例：Body temperature can fluctuate if you are ill.人患病后体温可能会上下波动。
例：...the fluctuating price of oil.油价的浮动
v. 波动（fluctuate的ing形式）
 - waving
adj. 波动的；变动的
 - rolling, wavery

Word: acclaim
Front: acclaim
[əˈkleɪm] (研托雅宝 12422/11847 -2)
Vocabulary: acclaim
(once / 967 pages)
nv
You know you've hit it big when you earn acclaim, or enthusiastic approval. And when you have achieved "critical acclaim," even the grouchy critics approve of you.
The word acclaim comes from the Latin word acclamare, which means to cry out. So it only makes sense that the verb acclaim means to offer enthusiastic praise or applause. "The book was critically acclaimed, but most of the students found it to be stupefyingly boring."
WORD FAMILY
acclaim: acclaimed, acclaiming, acclaims, acclamation +/ acclamation: acclamations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Acclaimed photojournalist and war photographer Donald McCullin, 81, who worked on the Observer and the Sunday Times, said he felt “inwardly warmed” by his knighthood.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
For all of Manchester by the Sea’s acclaim, Rubin thinks it faces an uphill struggle.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
The chimerical portraits celebrating Arab culture were critically acclaimed for their finesse and honesty.
Time(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: v. 称赞; 赞扬; 向…欢呼; 向…喝彩
n. 公开赞扬; 称誉
热烈欢迎或赞同
时态：acclaimed, acclaiming, acclaims
分布：称赞(44%)，欢呼(38%)，喝采(16%)，赞同(2%)
→ac-,去，往，-claim,叫，词源同call,叫。
欢呼;喝采(ac一再＋claim→一再喊→欢呼)[claim,clam=cyrout,shout,表示"呼喊,叫喊"]
v.向...欢呼,公认n.欢呼,喝彩,称赞They acclaimed him king.他们高呼他为国王.
【记】ac一再，claim喊叫－一再叫喊－欢呼
【参】acclaimed（adj 受欢呼的，受称赞的）；claim（v 要求，声称）；proclaim（v 声明）；exclaim（v 大喊）
noun uncountable
■public approval and praise 称誉；赞赏；欢迎
• Despite the critical acclaim, the novel did not sell well. 虽然这本小说在评论界赢得赞誉，但并不畅销。
• Hamlet was played by Romania's leading actor, Ion Caramitrou, to rapturous acclaim. 罗马尼亚的一流演员杨·卡拉米特鲁饰演哈姆雷特，他的表演好评如潮。
[ə'kleɪm] verb transitive often passive
■to give public approval and praise 称誉；赞赏；欢迎
• She was universally/widely/publicly acclaimed for her contribution to the discovery. 她对此发现做出的贡献赢得了普遍／广泛／众口一词的赞誉。
• She is being acclaimed (= publicly recognized) as the greatest dancer of her generation. 在同时代的人中，她被赞誉为最伟大的舞蹈演员。
applause, acclaim
这两个名词均有“喝彩，鼓掌”之意。
applause: 侧重以掌声表示喝彩和赞扬。
acclaim: 较正式用词，现多用于引申表示赞许。
vt. 称赞；为…喝采，向…欢呼
 - speak well of, pay a tribute to
n. 欢呼，喝彩；称赞
 - praise, applause
vi. 欢呼，喝采
 - cheer

Word: shaved
Front: shaved
[ʃeivd] (18370/35977)
Back: n. 剃过的
v. （用剃刀）刮（胡须等），为（某人）剃毛发( shave的过去式和过去分词 ); 刨（木头等）; 削; <口>掠过
分布：刮(42%)，剃(32%)，剃须(10%)，修面(7%)，剃刀(4%)，掠过(3%)，修剪(2%)
VERB
剃须;刮脸
When a man shaves, he removes the hair from his face using a razor or shaver so that his face is smooth.
例：He took a bath and shaved before dinner...晚餐前他洗了澡，刮了脸。
例：He had shaved his face until it was smooth...他把脸上的胡子刮得干干净净。
VERB
剃去，刮掉(毛发)
If someone shaves a part of their body, they remove the hair from it so that it is smooth.
例：Many women shave their legs...很多女性都刮腿毛。
例：If you have long curly hair, don't shave it off.如果你有一头卷曲的长发，不要剪掉。
VERB
给…刮脸;给…剃去毛发
If you shave someone, you remove the hair from their face or another part of their body so that it is smooth.
例：The doctors shaved his head...医生将他的头发剃去了。
例：She had to call a barber to shave him.她不得不叫个理发师来给他刮脸。
VERB
刨掉;刨去;切掉;削掉
If you shave off part of a piece of wood or other material, you cut very thin pieces from it.
例：I set the log on the ground and shaved off the bark...我将原木放到了地上，刨掉了树皮。
例：She was shaving thin slices off a courgette.她正将小胡瓜切成薄片。
VERB
(少量地)削减，缩减;使(略)有下降
If you shave a small amount off something such as a record, cost, or price, you reduce it by that amount.
例：She's already shaved four seconds off the national record for the mile...她已经将一英里赛跑的国家纪录缩短了 4 秒。
例：Supermarket chains have shaved prices.超市连锁店已经稍稍降价。
PHRASE
幸免于难;侥幸脱险
If you describe a situation as a close shave, you mean that there was nearly an accident or a disaster but it was avoided.
例：I can't quite believe the close shaves I've had just recently.我真是无法相信就在最近自己侥幸逃过了几场大难。

Word: hew
Front: hew
[hju:] (托宝 18374/33367)
Vocabulary: hew
(once / 1257 pages)
v
If you're a lumberjack, the word hew is nothing new. You hew things every day with one swift swing of the axe, chopping and shaping wood.
It's said that Paul Bunyan hewed the Grand Canyon by dragging his giant mythical axe behind him. But usually things are hewn with a little more purpose — with each chop and cut designed to shape, sculpt, or craft a final product. Take the axe out of the picture though, and this word takes on a different meaning. If you're trying to adhere to rules, stick to a budget, or conform to a certain tradition, you can use hew, too.
WORD FAMILY
hew: hewed, hewer, hewing, hews+/hewer: hewers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The lines he drew hew more closely to those Utah officials proposed previously.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
It was a style Bessemer was to hew to his entire life.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
In response to another question, two in five voters said that society was better off when men and women hewed to traditional gender roles.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. （用斧、刀等）砍、劈; 砍成; 劈出; 开辟
vi. <美>坚持; 遵守
时态：hewed, hewn, hewing, hews
分布：砍(44%)，劈(25%)，砍倒(12%)，砍成(11%)，开辟(5%)，固守(3%)
→来自kau,击，打，砍，词源同hay,hoe.进一步来自sek,砍，劈，切，词源同segment,scissors.
【记】早上砍伐hew树木时露珠dew被震下来。
【反】conform（v 使一致；使遵守）－not hew to（不遵守）
[hju:] (hewed, hewed or hewn)
verb transitive
■to cut a large piece out of rock, stone or another hard material in a rough way 砍，劈
• The monument was hewn out of the side of a mountain. 这座纪念碑是在山的一侧凿刻出来的。
vt. 砍；劈；砍倒
 - fall, cut sth down
vi. 砍；劈；坚持
 - stay, stand on

Word: tabulate
Front: tabulate
[ˈtæbjuleɪt] (六 18339/23061)
Vocabulary: tabulate
(once / 5557 pages)
1v 2v
To tabulate information is to organize it into a table. If your friend borrows money from you every week, you might want to tabulate what she owes you.
Tabulating is a way of processing information or data by putting it in a table. This doesn't mean the kind of table you eat off of, though. It refers to a table, or chart, with rows and columns. When tabulating, you might have to make calculations. Someone who enjoys tabulating financial information might make a good accountant.
WORD FAMILY
tabulate: tabulated, tabulates, tabulating, tabulation+/ table: tabled, tables, tabling, tabular, tabulate / tabular: tabularise, tabularize/tabulation: tabulations
USAGE EXAMPLES
To a casual observer, I’m tabulating receipts or writing letters, but what I’m really doing is waiting, almost breathlessly, for Carol.
The New Yorker(Dec 17, 2016)
But Green Party lawyers say simply recounting votes without inspecting election software won’t determine whether cyberattacks altered results tabulated on Pennsylvania’s electronic voting machines.
Washington Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Mr. Cooper’s lead has been growing since election night, as thousands of provisional ballots are tabulated.
New York Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: v. 把（数字、事实）列成表; 使成板[片]状，使成平面
adj. 平板状的，有平面的，[动物，动物学]有横隔板的
时态：tabulated, tabulating, tabulates
分布：制成表(60%)，使成平面(40%)
→来自 table,桌子，表格。
把-列成表格[tabul=plank(平板)]
verb transitive formal
■to show information in the form of a table (= an arrangement of facts and numbers in rows or blocks) 制成表格；清单显示（以表格形式显示资讯，即将事实和数字资讯排列成行列或方块）
vt. 使成平面；把…制成表格
 - surface

Word: rooted
Front: rooted
[ˈru:tɪd] (18403/19813 -1)
Back: adj. 生根的，有根的; 固定的，根深蒂固的
v. 生根; 使（某事物）深深扎根
分布：根深蒂固的(85%)，固定住的(5%)，根源的(5%)，动词root的过去式和过去分词形式.(5%)
ADJ
起源于…的;根源于…的;由…产生的
If you say that one thing is rooted in another, you mean that it is strongly influenced by it or has developed from it.
例：The crisis is rooted in deep rivalries between the two groups.这场危机的根源是这两个群体之间积怨已深的敌对情绪。
例：...powerful songs rooted in traditional African music.起源于传统非洲音乐的打动人心的歌曲
ADJ-GRADED
（观点、感受）根深蒂固的，难以改变的
If someone has deeply rooted opinions or feelings, they believe or feel something extremely strongly and are unlikely to change.
例：Racism is a deeply rooted prejudice which has existed for thousands of years.种族主义是存在了几千年的根深蒂固的偏见。
PHRASE
（因害怕或吃惊）呆住，不能动弹
If you are rooted to the spot, you are unable to move because you are very frightened or shocked.
例：We just stopped there, rooted to the spot.我们一下子就停在了那里，呆若木鸡。
adj. 根深蒂固的；生根的
 - inrooted, deep-rooted

Word: freshen
Front: freshen
[ˈfreʃn] (六 18379/22723)
Back: vt. 使新鲜; 使清爽，使有精神，把（自己）盥洗一番; （使）洁净; 使掺酌于，加浓（饮料）
vi. 使恢复精力; 增强; 淡化; （产后）开始泌乳
时态：freshened, freshening, freshens
分布：使洁净(34%)，使有精神(33%)，变新鲜(33%)
verb
AIR 空气
transitive (also freshen up)
■to make something cleaner and/or cooler 使洁净（或凉爽）
• She opened a window to freshen up the room. 她打开一扇窗户给屋里换换空气。
intransitive
■If a wind freshens, it becomes stronger and cooler （风）增强变冷
• The wind is expected to freshen as it moves in from the east. 预计在自东向西移动的过程中风力会增强。
['freʃ.ən] verb
DRINK 饮品
transitive (also freshen up) mainly US
■If you freshen someone's especially alcoholic drink, you add more to it 添（尤指酒）
• Here, let me freshen your drink. 来，我给你添一点酒。
['freʃ.ən] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] freshen (sb/sth) up
■to make someone or something clean and pleasant 梳洗；使干净；使清爽
• Would you like to freshen up after your journey? 长途跋涉后你要梳洗一下吗？
• [R] I'm just going to have a shower to freshen myself up. 我正要冲个淋浴让自己清爽清爽。
['freʃ.ən] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] freshen sth up
■to make something different and more interesting or attractive 使…焕然一新
• The Prime Minister has freshened up her Cabinet with a few new faces. 首相的内阁换了几名新成员，给人以耳目一新的感觉。
vt. 使清新；使新鲜；使精神焕发
 - irrigate

Word: asterisk
Front: asterisk
[ˈæstərɪsk] (宝 18397/22016)
Vocabulary: asterisk
(once / 4501 pages)
nv
When you're writing something and need to add a quick footnote, an easy way to mark the place where you want to include the extra comment is to use an asterisk, a star-shaped symbol.
An asterisk is a punctuation mark that you can use to note something in writing, or to stand in for something you've left out. Often a writer uses an asterisk when she wants to add something but doesn't want to include it in the body of the story; the reader sees the asterisk, and finds another one at the bottom of the page beside the note. In Greek, asterikos means "little star," which perfectly describes what an asterisk looks like.
WORD FAMILY
asterisk: asterisked, asterisks+/asterisked: unasterisked
USAGE EXAMPLES
Maybe he’ll employ accounting gimmicks and magic asterisks to force Trump’s numbers to add up.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Labor force participation is one of the biggest asterisks on President Obama’s economic record, as the new report acknowledges.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Suddenly, a campaign asterisk was transformed into a central player, and Stein’s fundraising database for future undertakings was bulging with new contacts.
Time(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 星号，星状物
vt. 加星号于
时态：asterisked, asterisking, asterisks
分布：名词(100%)
→词根aster, 星，同star. -isk, 小词后缀。
US [-tɚ-] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■the symbol * which is used to refer readers to a note at the bottom of a page of text, or to show that a letter is missing from a word （表示下有注释或单词中字母的缺失的）星号（*）
• Sometimes taboo words are written with asterisks to avoid causing offence. 有时禁忌词中会用星号来代替某些字母，以避免冒犯读者。
UK ['æs.tər.ɪsk] US [-tɚ-] verb transitive
■to write an asterisk next to something 加星号于
• I have asterisked the books that are essential reading for the course. 我已把这课程的必读书目都标上了星号。

Word: unabashedly
Front: unabashedly
[,ʌnə'bæʃtli] (18417/-)
Back: 老着脸皮
分布：不畏惧的(60%)，满不在乎的(20%)，不害躁的(20%)

Word: landfall
Front: landfall
[ˈlændfɔ:l] (18236/24770)
Vocabulary: landfall
(once / 15760 pages)
n
Landfall is the first glimpse of land when you're on a boat. It can also mean the moment your boat touches the shore, like when your kayak makes landfall on a remote island.
If you're traveling at sea, arriving at your destination is landfall. A child paddling a rowboat across a pond makes landfall when she reaches the far shore, and the captain of an ocean liner makes landfall at each remote stop on the route. A sailor might call out, "Landfall!" at the first sight of land on the horizon. The word landfall uses the sense of fall that means "happen."
WORD FAMILY
landfall: landfalls
USAGE EXAMPLES
Eleven officers pleaded guilty to charges related to deadly shootings on a bridge less than a week after Katrina’s landfall.
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Rain began battering the densely populated coast ahead of the storm's landfall.
Reuters(Dec 12, 2016)
A number of people are dead or missing in Costa Rica after Hurricane Otto made landfall as a Category Two storm.
BBC(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: n. 着陆
分布：登陆(56%)，着陆(18%)，初见陆地(16%)，到达陆地(10%)
→land,土地，fall,滑落。即滑坡，同时也用于指着陆，特别是长期航海后回到陆地。
US [-fɑ:l] noun countable or uncountable
■(an arrival on) the first land that is reached or seen at the end of a journey across the sea or through the air （在海上或空中旅途中）到达（或见到）的第一块陆地
• Shannon Airport in Ireland was the first European landfall for airplanes flying from North America. 爱尔兰的香农机场是北美飞来的飞机进入欧洲的第一站。
n. 着陆； [水运] 初见陆地；到达陆地
 - touchdown, setdown

Word: soapy
Front: soapy
[ˈsəʊpi] (18349/19914)
Back: adj. 含有肥皂的，沾满肥皂的; 似肥皂的
adv. 沾满肥皂地
分布：涂有肥皂的(44%)，滑腻的(42%)，肥皂质的(14%)
→soap,肥皂，-y,形容词后缀。
US ['soʊ-] adjective
■containing or like soap 含有肥皂的；像肥皂的
• I soaked it in some soapy water and the stains came out. 我把它泡在肥皂水中，污渍就被洗去了。
• I used to think avocados tasted soapy when I was a child. 我小时候曾认为酪梨的味道像肥皂。
adj. 涂着肥皂的；含有肥皂的；似肥皂的；圆滑的
 - polished, tactful

Word: powder
Front: powder
[ˈpaʊdə(r)] (高研四六托 3260/4272 -K2)
Back: n. 粉，粉末; 粉状物质
vt. 在…搽粉
vi. 涂粉，变成粉末
时态：powdered, powdering, powders
分布：粉(73%)，粉末(21%)，火药(5%)，涂粉(1%)
→来自古法语poudre,粉尘，粉末，粉状物质，来自pouldre,来自拉丁语pulvis,粉尘，粉末，词源同pollen,pulverize.字母l软化成u,后俗化为w,插入字母d.
n.粉末,药粉;火药,炸药The answer is: Owing to a shower, the powerful powder is no longer on show.答案是：由于一场阵雨,这种强有力的火药不再展览了.
US [-dɚ] noun
 IMPROVER countable or uncountable
■a solid substance that consists of extremely small pieces, is soft and easy to divide, and often has the same shape as the container that it is in 粉，粉末
• curry/chilli powder 咖哩／辣椒粉
• talcum powder 滑石粉
• A packet of white powder was found and police scientists are analysing it. 发现了一包白色粉末，刑侦专家正在对其进行分析。
• You'll get more flavour from the spices if you grind them into a powder. 你把香料磨成粉的话味道会更香浓。
• UK Why are there so many adverts for washing powders on TV? 为甚么电视里有这么多洗衣粉的广告？
• You can buy milk in powder form. 你可以买奶粉。
⇒ See also gunpowder
uncountable
■a soft dry substance which is spread over the skin of the face, in order to stop the skin from looking oily 化妆用粉，扑面粉
• face powder 扑面粉
• Dust the face lightly with powder. 在脸上轻扑些粉。
uncountable
■fallen snow that is loose and dry and has not begun to melt 粉状雪，干细雪
• I love skiing in deep powder. 我喜欢在厚厚的雪上滑雪。
UK ['paʊ.dər] US [-dɚ] verb transitive
■to put powder on someone's skin 往…上擦粉
• Powder the baby's bottom to stop it chafing. 给婴儿的屁股上擦点粉以防发炎。
UK ['paʊ.dər] US [-dɚ] verb transitive
powder your nose
■a polite or humorous way of saying that you are going to go to the toilet 如厕的婉转说法补妆，洗手
• Would you get me another drink while I go and powder my nose? 我去补补妆，你能不能再帮我要杯酒？
n. [材] 粉；粉末； [化工] [军] 火药；尘土
 - dust, dirt
vt. 使成粉末；撒粉；搽粉于
 - pulverize

Word: flipper
Front: flipper
[ˈflɪpə(r)] (18376/25713)
Back: n. （用于游泳或潜水的）脚蹼，鸭脚板
adj. [口语]无礼的，轻率的，油腔滑调的( flip的比较级 ); 冒失的，鲁莽的
分布：鳍状肢(64%)，脚蹼(36%)
→来自flip, 翻转，翻动。用来指海洋动物的鳍足或潜水员使用的脚蹼。
US [-ɚ] noun countable
PART OF CREATURE 生物部位
■one of two parts like arms of particular sea creatures, such as seals and penguins , used for swimming （海豹、企鹅等海洋生物用来游泳的）鳍肢，鳍足
UK ['flɪp.ər] US [-ɚ] noun countable
SHOE 鞋 (US also fin)
■a type of large flat rubber shoe, used for swimming, especially under water （尤指潜水用的）橡皮脚掌，脚蹼，鸭脚板，蛙鞋
n. [脊椎] 鳍状肢；鳍；烤饼；胖听罐头
 - fin, fim
adj. 无礼的
 - rude, impolite

Word: yummy
Front: yummy
[ˈjʌmi] (高 18334/36374)
Back: adj. 很好吃的
级别：yummier, yummiest
分布：美味的(53%)，好吃的(37%)，愉快的(10%)
→儿语拟声词。
['jʌm.i] informal
adjective
■tasting extremely good 美味可口的，很好吃的
• I think I'll have some more of that yummy chocolate cake. 我想我要再来些那种美味的巧克力蛋糕。
• There are some yummy -looking desserts over there. 那边有些看起来非常美味的甜品。
■sexually attractive 性感的
• And tell her to bring along that yummy brother of hers. 告诉她带上她那性感的兄弟。
adj. 好吃的；美味的；愉快的
 - delicious, good, bright

Word: pain
Front: pain
[peɪn] (高研四六 937/1184 -K4)
Vocabulary: pain
(once / 39 pages)
nv
If you feel pain, you feel acute physical or emotional discomfort. A sprained ankle will pain you. So will news of a loved one's death. If you "take pain" over something, it means you're being careful.
An annoying person can be described as a pain––it's understood that they don't cause you actual physical pain, but cause you emotional discomfort and distress. You can also describe this person as a "pain in the neck," "a pain in the butt," or "a royal pain."
WORD FAMILY
pain: pained, painful, paining, painless, pains+/ pained: painedly/ painful: painfuler, painfulest, painfully, painfulness, unpainful/ painless: painlessly
USAGE EXAMPLES
In contrast, there’s something soothingly achievable about “Relax into Yoga for Seniors: A Six-Week Program for Strength, Balance, Flexibility and Pain Relief.”
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
“Doc, the pain is killing me,” he moaned.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
He played in two games, then the pain in his Achilles’ tendons flared back up and forced him to the sidelines again.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 痛苦; 刻苦; 令人厌烦的人[事物]; 身体某部分的疼痛[不适]
vt. & vi. （使）疼痛，（使）痛苦，伤害
vt. 使…痛苦; 使…烦恼
vi. 感到疼痛; 引起疼痛
时态：pained, paining, pains
分布：疼(39%)，疼痛(33%)，痛苦(26%)，辛苦(1%)，烦人之人或事(1%)
→来自拉丁语poena,折磨，惩罚，来自kwei,支付，代价，弥补，词源同penal,punish.后引申词义疼痛，痛苦。
n.痛,痛苦;(pl.)努力,劳苦vt.使痛苦The gained grain drained away with the rain, all the pains were in vain again.收获的谷物随雨水流失了,所有辛劳又白费.
【参】painkiller（n 止痛药）
noun
 ESSENTIAL countable or uncountable
■a feeling of physical suffering caused by injury or illness （肉体上的）痛，疼痛
• Her symptoms included abdominal pain and vomiting. 她的症状包括腹痛和呕吐。
• Are you in (= suffering from) pain? 你痛吗？
• She was in constant pain. 她一直痛个不停。
• These tablets should help to ease the pain. 这些药片会有助于缓解疼痛。
• I felt a sharp pain in my foot. 我感到脚上一阵剧痛。
• He's been suffering various aches and pains for years. 他多年来一直受着各种病痛的折磨。
 ADVANCED countable or uncountable
■emotional or mental suffering （感情或心理上的）痛苦
• It's a film about the pains and pleasures of parenthood. 这是一部描写为人父母者的酸甜苦辣的影片。
• The parents are still in great pain over the death of their child. 这对父母还在为孩子的死而悲痛万分。
[peɪn] noun
on/under pain of death formal
■If you are told to do something on/under pain of death, you will be killed if you do not do it. 违令则处死，在死亡的威胁下
[peɪn] noun
a pain (in the neck) informal
■someone or something that is very annoying 极其讨厌的人（或事物）
• That child is a real pain in the neck. 那个孩子真讨厌。
[peɪn] noun
a pain in the arse/backside UK and Australian English (US pain in the ass/butt) offensive
■someone or something that is very annoying 极其讨厌的人（或事物）
• The kids were a real pain in the arse. 这些孩子真讨厌。
[peɪn] verb transitive formal
■If something pains you, it causes you to feel sad and upset 使痛苦
• [+ to infinitive] It pains me to see animals being mistreated. 看到动物受虐待我很痛心。
sore, ache, pain
这组词都有“疼、疼痛”的意思，其区别是：
sore: 指身体某部位的痛处，有是也指精神上的痛苦。
ache: 指人体某一器官较持久的疼痛，常常是隐痛。
pain: 可与ache换用，但pain既可指一般疼痛，也可指剧痛，疼痛范围可以是局部或全身，时间可长可短。也可引申指精神上的痛苦。
n. [临床] 疼痛；努力
 - effort, trial, struggle, try
vt. 使…痛苦；使…烦恼
 - cark
vi. 感到疼痛；引起疼痛
 - hurt

Word: hologram
Front: hologram
[ˈhɒləgræm] (18508/25113)
Vocabulary: hologram
(once / 72069 pages)
n
If you've ever looked through a View-Master, you've seen a hologram — an image or photograph that appears to be three-dimensional.
Holograms sometimes appear on credit cards, passports, and driver's licenses as security against forgery, and they are also occasionally used in art. The process of creating a hologram is complicated and scientific, usually involving a special kind of laser. The word hologram was invented by Dennis Gabor, the scientist who developed holography in 1949, by combining the Greek holos, "whole," and gramme, "line."
WORD FAMILY
hologram: holograms
USAGE EXAMPLES
“A Hologram for the King” is less about Alan’s distractions and more about how he finds himself in this void of an environment.
Salon(Dec 19, 2016)
The audience is steeped in apparitions, holograms of varying sophistication, projected onto glass and ambient moisture.
Nature(Nov 22, 2016)
Billionaires are beginning to commission holograms of themselves to be shown after they die.
Washington Post(Nov 11, 2016)
Back: n. 全息图; 全息照片; 综合衍射图; 原样录象
分布：全息图(100%)
→holo-,整个的，整体的，-gram,写。用于指一种三维成像技术。
US ['hɑ:.lə-] noun countable
■a special type of photograph or image made with a laser in which the objects shown look solid, as if they are real, rather than flat 全息图，全息影像

Word: malleable
Front: malleable
[ˈmæliəbl] (托雅宝 18412/19483)
Vocabulary: malleable
(once / 9078 pages)
adj
A malleable personality is capable of being changed or trained, and a malleable metal is able to be pounded or pressed into various shapes. It's easier to learn when you're young and malleable.
Similarly, there are ductile metals that can be hammered out into wire or thread; gold, silver, and platinum are examples. The adjective malleable dates back to Middle English, from Old French, from Medieval Latin malleābilis, from malleāre "to hammer," from Latin malleus "a hammer."
WORD FAMILY
malleable: malleability, malleably, unmalleable+/mallee: malleable, mallees/unmalleable: unmalleability
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some Federalists thought the non-ideological Burr would be more malleable.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
“Either you are living or you are not. Everything else is molten, malleable.”
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
It becomes a kind of malleable substance instead of being metal.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 可锻造的，有延展性的; 韧性的
分布：可塑的(54%)，有延展性(36%)，易改变的(10%)
→来自拉丁语malleus,铁锤，来自锤打，使软化，软的，词源同mill,melt.即可锤炼的，引申词义可塑的。
可锻造的,可塑的[mall=hammer(锤子)]
【记】源于：mallet（n 槌棒），able－可锤打的－有延展性的
【反】hard to shape（难以成型）；calcify（v 钙化）
adjective
■describes a substance that is easily changed into a new shape 具延展性的；易变形的
• Lead and tin are malleable metals. 铅和锡都是具延展性的金属。
■easily influenced, trained or controlled 易受外界影响的；可塑的；易被控制的
• He had an actor's typically malleable features. 他具有演员典型的多变性格特征。
• Europe saw its colonies as a source of raw material and a malleable workforce. 欧洲曾把其殖民地看作是原料和驯服劳动力的来源地。
adj. [材] 可锻的；可塑的；有延展性的；易适应的
 - plastic, mouldable

Word: yellowish
Front: yellowish
[ˈjeləʊɪʃ] (18348/20544)
Back: adj. 微黄色的
分布：微黄色的(100%)
微黄的(yellow黄色的)[-ish 1.表形容词"像…一样,有的..."通常放在一具体名词后2.表动词"造成…"3.表示"国家的或语言"]
US [-oʊ-] (also yellowy)
adjective
■slightly yellow 淡黄的，微黄的
• The leaves vary from yellowish-green to dark green. 叶子从黄绿色到深绿色各不相同。
adj. 微黄色的，淡黄色的
 - flaxen, creamcolored

Word: croissant
Front: croissant
['krwæsɒ̃] (18389/21235)
Back: n. 羊角面包
分布：新月形面包(100%)
→来自crescent, 新月形。因形似新月而得名。
US [kwɑ:'sɑ:] noun countable
■a piece of light crescent -shaped pastry, usually eaten in the morning （通常指早餐时吃的）羊角面包，新月形面包 ，可颂面包

Word: early-morning

Word: jade
Front: jade
[dʒeɪd] (宝 16319/10730 -1)
Vocabulary: jade
(once / 1313 pages)
1nadj 2vn
Jade is a deep green gemstone that's used in jewelry and ornaments. Your most beloved possession might be an antique jade brooch that belonged to your great-grandmother.
Jade is a mineral that's mined, cut, and polished to make gems, sculptures, and other art objects. You can also use the word jade to talk about the typical green color of the stone — you might describe the color of your new car, for example, as jade green. Yet another meaning of jade is "become bored or tired," along with the more common adjective, jaded, or "lacking enthusiasm."
WORD FAMILY
jade: jaded, jades, jading+/ jaded: jadedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The other contestants will include fellow Olympians Louis Smith and Jade Jones, and model Caprice Bourret.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Venus Williams, a former champion in Auckland, is due to play New Zealand wildcard entry Jade Lewis on Tuesday.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But here’s the key question: for jaded Israelis almost defiantly committed to political stagnation, will it matter?
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 玉，翡翠; 翡翠色; 劣马，驽马; [宝] 碧玉
adj. 玉制的; 翡翠色的; 绿玉色的
v. （使）疲; （使）疲惫不堪; （使）精疲力尽
时态：jaded, jading, jades
分布：翡翠(50%)，玉石(46%)，翡翠色(4%)
→来自法语le jade,来自西班牙语piedra de la ijada,冶疗肾病的玉石，来自piedra,石头，词源同petrify,ijada,回肠，肾部。据说这种石头可以治疗和缓解肾部疾病而得名。jade 老马
noun uncountable
■a precious green stone from which jewellery and small models are made, especially in China and Japan 玉；翡翠
• jade earrings 翡翠耳环
n. 翡翠； [宝] 碧玉；老马
 - jadite, jasper
vi. 疲倦
 - weary of, get tired
vt. 使疲倦
 - pooh, poh

Word: defibrillator
Front: defibrillator
[di:ˈfɪbrɪleɪtə(r)] (18515/47870)
Back: n. （电击）除颤器
分布：电震发生器(100%)
→de-, 不，非，使相反。fibrillate, 颤抖。即使心脏不再颤抖，除颤。
US [-tˌɚ] specialized
noun countable
■a machine used especially in hospitals, which uses an electric current to stop any irregular (= not regular or normal) and dangerous activity of the heart's muscles （心脏）电击器
• Defibrillators are used to restore normal rhythm to the heart. 心脏电击器可用于恢复正常心律。

Word: pacemaker
Front: pacemaker
[ˈpeɪsmeɪkə(r)] (18554/24008)
Vocabulary: pacemaker
(once / 23734 pages)
1n 2n
A pacemaker is a medical device that controls a person's heartbeat. A patient only has a pacemaker implanted when his own heart isn't working well on its own.
The human heart has a natural pacemaker that makes it beat at an appropriate rate to keep blood flowing throughout the body. Sometimes it doesn't work right, because of some kind of blockage or other problem that causes the heart to beat too slowly. In these cases, cardiologists — or heart doctors — will often surgically implant an electronic pacemaker as a replacement. Pacemaker research began in 1899, but it wasn't until 1958 that the first patients received these lifesaving devices.
WORD FAMILY
pacemaker: pacemakers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The flaws were found in the radio-based communications used to update implants, including pacemakers, and read data from them.
BBC(Dec 01, 2016)
Finally, doctors are testing a device, sort of a pacemaker for the brain.
Washington Times(Nov 23, 2016)
Dog research alone, he says, has improved our understanding of diseases like cancer and hemophilia and helped develop pacemakers and organ transplants.
Science Magazine(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: n. 领跑者; 带头人; 标兵; 起搏器
分布：带头人(64%)，定步速者(18%)，〈医〉心脏起搏器(18%)
→pace,步伐，maker,制定者。
US [-kɚ] noun countable
RUNNER 赛跑选手 (also pace-setter)
■the person or animal that establishes the speed in a race, or a person or organization that is an example for others by being successful 带步人，领跑动物；前导者，模范
UK ['peɪsˌmeɪ.kər] US [-kɚ] noun countable
DEVICE 装置
■a small device which is put inside someone's chest in order to help their heart beat at the correct speed 心律调整器
n. [基医] [解剖] 起搏器；领跑者；标兵
 - frontrunner

Word: swastika
Front: swastika
[ˈswɒstɪkə] (18381/16852 -1)
Back: n. 纳粹党所用的十字记号; 万字饰
分布：万字饰(100%)
→象征吉祥的符号，来自梵语 svastika,护身符，好运符，来自 su-,好的，来自 esu,好的， 词源同 eu-,好的，-asti,是，存在，来自 es,是，词源同 is,essence,-ka,小词后缀。该词于 19 世纪由英国梵文学家引入英语。
US ['swɑ:.stɪ-] noun countable
■a symbol in the form of a cross with each of its arms bent at a 90° (degree) angle half way along, used in the 20th century as the symbol of the Nazi party 卍字饰（20世纪纳粹党的党徽）

Word: fast-paced
Front: fast-paced
['fɑ:stp'eɪst] None
Back: adj. 快步调的，快节奏的
分布：快节奏的(100%)
adj. 快节奏的；快速的；快步调的
 - sudden, lightning

Word: ice
Front: ice
[aɪs] (中高雅 1230/2164 -K4)
Vocabulary: ice
(once / 138 pages)
1nv 2nv 3n 4n
Ice is water that's gotten cold enough to freeze solid. When the pond in your neighborhood is solid ice in January, it's safe to skate on.
Ice takes many forms; you might slip on the ice, scrape sheets of ice off your car windows, or drop ice into your drink. In every case, the ice is frozen water, and when it freezes, it ices, the way roads ice over on winter nights. When you sprain your wrist, you should probably ice it, or hold ice on the injured area. You can also ice — or frost — a cupcake, or eat a sweet, cold fruit-flavored ice.
WORD FAMILY
ice: de-ice, deice, iced, ices, icing, icy +/deice: deiced, deicer, deices, deicing/deicer: deicers/ icing: icings/ icy: icier, iciest, icily, iciness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Coffee, tea, mint lemonade, ice water, all the drinks I politely accepted.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
The trail skirted a couple of avalanche zones, which we recognized by the steep slopes and RV-sized ice chunks littering the chutes.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
I’m an ice skating instructor, and the day after getting the drug, I had one of my best lessons ever.
Time(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 冰; 雪糕; 冷淡; 冰状物
vt. & vi. （使）结冰
vt. 结冰; 冰镇
vi. 结冰
adj. 冰的
时态：iced, icing, ices
分布：冰(82%)，冰淇淋(13%)，结冰(3%)，冰镇(1%)，冷淡(1%)
→来自古英语is,冰。
n.冰;冰冻甜食vt.冰冻,使成冰"Ice-cream!" he screamed in dream."冰淇淋!"他在梦中惊叫道.
noun
FROZEN WATER 结冰的水
 ESSENTIAL uncountable
■water which has frozen and become solid, or pieces of this 冰；冰块
• The pond was covered in ice all winter. 这个池塘整个冬天都结着冰。
• Would you like ice in your juice? 你的果汁里要加冰块吗？
• I've put a couple of bottles of champagne on ice (= in a container of ice to get cold). 我已经把几瓶香槟冰镇起来了。
• He skidded on a patch of ice. 他在一块冰上滑了一下。
[aɪs] noun
ICE CREAM 霜淇淋
countable UK old-fashioned
■an ice cream, especially one bought in a shop （尤指从商店买的）霜淇淋
• The shop sign said 'Drinks, Cakes, Ices!' 商店的招牌上写着：“饮料、糕点、霜淇淋！”
[aɪs] noun
JEWELLERY 珠宝
uncountable informal
■jewellery, especially diamonds 珠宝（尤指钻石）
[aɪs] noun
be on ice
■If a plan is on ice, a decision has been made to delay it for a period of time 搁置，暂缓
• Both projects are on ice until the question of funding is resolved. 在资金问题解决以前，两个专案都搁置了。
[aɪs] verb transitive
COVER CAKES 覆盖在糕点上 UK (US frost)
■to cover a cake with icing (= a food made mainly with sugar) 给（糕点）加糖霜
• I've made her a chocolate cake - now I just need to ice it. 我为她做了一个巧克力蛋糕，现在只需要加上糖霜。
[aɪs] verb transitive
KILL 杀死 US slang
■to murder someone 谋杀
[aɪs] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  ice over
■If an area of water ices over, it becomes covered with a layer of ice 结冰，被冰层覆盖
• The lake has iced over. 湖面结了一层冰。
[aɪs] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  ice up
■to become covered in ice and often stop working 因结冰而无法运作；被冻住
• The plane was delayed because the engine had iced up. 飞机因引擎结冰而延误了。
n. [水文] [制冷] 冰；冰淇淋；矜持
 - gelato, reservedness
adj. 冰的
 - glacial

Word: apocalypse
Front: apocalypse
[əˈpɒkəlɪps] (18413/20205 -1)
Vocabulary: apocalypse
(once / 5322 pages)
n
Apocalypse is a word that means "the end of the world" — or something so destructive it seems like the world has ended in a place, like a major earthquake.
The apocalypse is the total destruction of the world, as prophesied in the biblical book of Revelation. Apocalypse can be used to describe utter destruction caused by war or natural disaster. The nuclear bomb attack on Hiroshima during World War II can be called an apocalypse because the devastation was so severe and so many lives were lost.
WORD FAMILY
apocalypse: apocalypses, apocalyptic, apocalyptical+/ apocalyptic: apocalyptically
USAGE EXAMPLES
The year was haunted by a sense of doom conjured by the candidates themselves, who argued that choosing the other would summon the apocalypse.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
This year instead brought a healthy skepticism — while the apocalypse hasn’t arrived, leaner times are ahead.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Seventeen years ago, the world confronted a new millennium with dread, frightened by potential international computer shutdowns, outright apocalypse or whatever.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 世界毁灭; 大灾变; 末世
分布：天启(59%)，大灾难(19%)，世界毁灭(15%)，圣经新约之《启示录》(7%)
→前缀apo-, 离开，非。-calypse, 隐藏，同词根kel，隐藏，见cell, hole. 宗教用语，指揭露，描述世界末日的景象。
US [-'pɑ:.kə-] noun
[S or U]
■a very serious event resulting in great destruction and change 大灾变；大动乱
• The book offers a vision of the future in which there is a great nuclear apocalypse. 这本书描述了未来核战争带来的灭顶之灾。
the Apocalypse only singular
■in the Bible, the total destruction and end of the world （《圣经》中描述的）世界末日
n. 启示；天启
 - message, revelation

Word: long-lost
Front: long-lost
[lɔŋ lɔ:st] None
Back: adj. 遗失了很长时间的
分布：遗失了很长时间的(100%)
US ['lɑ:ŋ.lɑ:st] adjective [before noun]
■describes a relation, friend or object that you have not seen for a long time 失踪很久的；很久不见的
• my long-lost cousin 我那很久未见的表弟

Word: Euro-American

Word: scoundrel
Front: scoundrel
[ˈskaʊndrəl] (18427/23625)
Vocabulary: scoundrel
(once / 604 pages)
n
A scoundrel is a person who does deliberately evil things. If your brother hides a fake mouse in your shoe and you therefore almost have a heart attack while getting dressed, you have every right to call him a scoundrel.
Though the term scoundrel isn’t used as much as it once was, it’s the perfect way to describe someone who breaks the law, has no morals, or someone like your sneaky sibling who loves to play practical jokes. Most villains in movies and on television can be put in this category. Interestingly, though women are quite capable of equally wicked behavior, this particular term is usually reserved for men.
WORD FAMILY
scoundrel: scoundrelly, scoundrels
USAGE EXAMPLES
Though he was, without question, a scoundrel, he was also a romantic.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
‘A scoundrel may be of use to us just because he is a scoundrel.’
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Over time, “rogue” morphed into a general label for a rascal or scoundrel, or someone who was endearingly mischievous.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 恶棍，坏蛋
分布：无赖(82%)，无赖的(18%)
→词源不详，可能改写自苏格兰语 scunner,畏缩，逃避，等同于 shun,逃避，回避，-er,表反复。 引申词义无赖，恶棍。
【记】scound＝scold，rel：值得责备的人－无耻之徒
['skaʊn.drəl] old-fashioned or humorous
noun countable
■a person, especially a man, who treats other people very badly and has no moral principles 恶棍，流氓，无赖
• He was, she said, a heartless scoundrel who had stripped her of everything she owned. 她说，他是个没心没肺的无赖，夺走了属于她的一切。
adj. 卑鄙的
 - poor, base, mean, dirty
n. 恶棍；无赖；流氓
 - tough, cad

Word: sardonic
Front: sardonic
[sɑ:ˈdɒnɪk] (托宝 18421/15517 -1)
Vocabulary: sardonic
(once / 2184 pages)
adj
If someone is being scornful and mocking in a humorous way, call her sardonic. If you want to write comic sketches for late-night talk shows, work on being sardonic.
Sardonic comes from the Greek adjective Sardonios, which actually describes a plant from a place called Sardinia that supposedly made your face contort into a horrible grin...right before you died from its poison. The Greeks used sardonic for laughter, but we only use it when someone's humor is also mocking or ironic.
WORD FAMILY
sardonic: sardonically
USAGE EXAMPLES
“When I first read the script I thought that’s the part to be, always wry and sardonic,” Fisher told a gathering in England in 2015.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
“When I first read the script I thought that’s the part to be, always wry and sardonic,” she told a gathering in England in 2015.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Shirley Jackson accumulates little piles of irrelevant detail, topples them over with the expected sardonic swipe.
Time(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: adj. 嘲笑的; 讥笑的; 讽刺的; 冷笑的
分布：嘲笑的(42%)，讥讽的(36%)，冷笑的(22%)
→来自拉丁语 sardonius risus,撒丁岛的嘲笑，据说来自希腊语 sardonion,一种撒丁岛的植物，来 自 Sardo,撒丁岛，risus,嘲笑，词源同 derisive,ridiculous.一种剧毒之物，人吃后会面部抽搐， 带着诡异的笑容死去，类似于《天龙八部》丁春秋所使用的“逍遥三笑散”。后引申词义轻 蔑的，嘲弄的。
【记】源于：sarcastic（adj 讽刺的）源于sardinian plant，撒丁岛植物，吃后让人狂笑而死。
US [sɑ:r'dɑ:.nɪk] adjective
■showing little respect in a humorous but unkind way, often because you think that you are too important to consider or discuss a matter 讥讽的，冷嘲的，轻蔑的
• a sardonic smile/look/comment 讥讽的微笑／嘲讽的表情／尖刻的评论
adj. 讽刺的；嘲笑的，冷笑的
 - acid, ironic

Word: caustic
Front: caustic
[ˈkɔ:stɪk] (托雅宝 18453/15238 -1)
Vocabulary: caustic
(once / 1903 pages)
adjn
Use the adjective caustic to describe any chemical that is able to burn living tissue or other substances, or, figuratively, a statement that has a similarly burning effect. Caustic in this sense means harshly critical.
In the chemical sense, a near synonym is corrosive. In the figurative sense, near synonyms are biting, scathing, and sarcastic. The source of the word caustic is Latin causticus, from Greek kaustikos, from kaiein "to burn."
WORD FAMILY
caustic: caustically, caustics, encaustic+/encaustic: encaustics
USAGE EXAMPLES
So I deleted all the caustic zingers while wondering whether the truth really matters.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
It described Netanyahu being sharp and caustic in a phone call to New Zealand’s foreign minister, Murray McCully, calling the resolution “a declaration of war.”
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
"There is something to be said for myxomatosis," was one caustic comment.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. <化>苛性的; 腐蚀性的; 尖刻的，刻薄的; [物]焦散的
adv. 刻薄地，挖苦地
n. 焦散线，焦散面; 刻薄，讽刺; [化]苛性碱; [医]腐蚀剂
分布：刻薄的(62%)，腐蚀性的(27%)，腐蚀物(11%)
→词源同cauterize,烧灼。
苛刻的;腐蚀性的[caust=bun(烧)]
【记】caus＝cause导致，tic读：啼哭－导致啼哭的－因为被腐蚀了，或者被刻薄的话刺伤了。Caus导致，tic尖：尖酸刻薄的
【反】innocuous（adj 无害的）；palliating（adj 缓和的）；kind（adj 仁慈的）genial（adj 亲切的）；smooth（adj 平滑的；平稳的）
US ['kɑ:-] adjective
CHEMICAL 化学制品
■describes a chemical that burns or destroys things, especially anything made of living cells 苛性的，腐蚀性的
• a caustic substance 腐蚀性物质
UK ['kɔ:.stɪk] US ['kɑ:-] adjective
WORDS 话语
■describes a remark or way of speaking that is hurtful , critical or intentionally unkind （话语或说话方式）刻薄的，尖刻的，挖苦的
• caustic comments 尖刻的评论
• She's famous in the office for her caustic wit. 她说话刻薄机智，在办公室是出了名的。
adj. [化学] 腐蚀性的；苛性的；刻薄的；焦散的
 - acid, vitriolic
n. [助剂] 腐蚀剂； [化学] 苛性钠；焦散曲线
 - corrosive agent, cauterant

Word: carnation
Front: carnation
[kɑ:ˈneɪʃn] (18352/15758 -1)
Back: n. 康乃馨，麝香石竹; 淡红色，肉色
adj. 淡红色的，肉色的
分布：名词(100%)
→来自coronation的拼写异化形式，原指用作花环的花。拼写受词根carn（肉）影响俗化，实际上大多数该类型花呈粉红肉，而非肉色。
康乃馨(carn肉+ation,康乃馨为肉色)"[-ion 1.表名词"动作或状态“2.表示"某种物,用品"]
【记】carn肉，康乃馨为肉红色
US [kɑ:r-] noun countable
■(a plant with) a small flower with a sweet smell, which is usually white, pink, or red 香石竹，康乃馨
n. [园艺] 康乃馨；肉色；粉红色
 - pink, fleshcolor

Word: breathlessly
Front: breathlessly
['breθləslɪ] (18358/17554)
Back: adv. 气喘地，屏息地
分布：气喘吁吁地(100%)
ADJ-GRADED
上气不接下气的；呼吸困难的；气喘吁吁的
If you are breathless, you have difficulty in breathing properly, for example because you have been running or because you are afraid or excited.
例：I was a little breathless and my heartbeat was bumpy and fast...我有点儿喘不上气，心脏咚咚地快速跳动着。
例：We were breathless with anticipation.我们满怀期待，激动得快要无法呼吸。
ADJ
令人喘不过气的
You use breathless for emphasis when you are describing feelings of excitement or exciting situations.
例：Technology has advanced at a breathless pace.技术进步速度惊人，日新月异。
例：...the breathless excitement of early 1988, when hundreds and thousands of citizens gathered nightly for political meetings.1988年年初，兴奋与狂热的情绪令人窒息，成百上千的市民每晚聚在一起参加政治集会
adv. 气喘地；屏息地
 - wheezily

Word: strapping
Front: strapping
[ˈstræpɪŋ] (18438/21177)
Back: adj. <非正>高大结实的，魁梧的
v. 用皮带捆扎( strap的现在分词 ); 用皮带抽打; 包扎; 给…打绷带
分布：魁伟的(27%)，裹伤胶带(25%)，皮绳或皮带的材料(12%)，身材高大健壮的(12%)，动词strap的现在分词形式.(12%)，皮鞭(12%)
→strap,鞭打，抽打，-ing,动名词后缀。引申形容词词义巨大的，高大的。由暴力行为引申俚语 词义巨大的，令人吃惊的等，比较 fucking,spanking,whopping.
informal mainly humorous
adjective [before noun]
■describes someone who is tall and strong-looking 魁梧的，高大健壮的
• A big strapping lad like you shouldn't have much difficulty lifting that! 像你这样人高马大的小伙子，爬那个东西应该没甚么问题！
n. 鞭打；皮带材料；裹伤胶带
 - flogging, fladge
adj. 魁梧的；高大健壮的
 - full-bodied
v. 用带捆扎；约束，束缚（strap的现在分词）
 - girding

Word: doable
Front: doable
[ˈdu:əbl] (18441/-)
Vocabulary: doable
(once / 40898 pages)
adj
Something that's doable can be achieved or is possible. You might be certain your plan to ride your bike across the country is doable, while your friends and family aren't so sure.
Learning to speak a new language might feel impossible at first, but you'll soon realize it's doable, especially if you find people to practice speaking with. While keeping 200 cats in your house would be utterly unworkable, keeping two cats is completely doable. Though the adjective doable has been in use since the 15th century, today it's considered to be an informal word.
WORD FAMILY
doable: doabler+/ do: did, doable, doer, does, doing, done, doth, overdo/doer: doers/doing: doings/ done: doner, overdone, underdone, undone/overdo: overdid, overdoing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Finding tickets to the game at prices that won’t require a second mortgage is actually rather doable to this point.
Seattle Times(Dec 16, 2016)
“It’s not like it’s not doable, but you look through past years, that one’s a tough order.”
Washington Times(Dec 02, 2016)
“Whether that is doable is a separate question.”
Washington Post(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 可做的，可行的
分布：可行的(75%)，可做的(25%)
adjective
■If something is doable, it can be achieved or performed 可行的，可以做的
• This project may be difficult, but I still think it's doable. 这个企划案可能会很难，但我认为还是可行的。

Word: tamale
Front: tamale
[tə'mɑ:lɪ] (18535/-)
Back: n. （墨西哥的）玉米面团包馅卷

Word: clemency
Front: clemency
[ˈklemənsi] (宝 18529/25879)
Vocabulary: clemency
(once / 2059 pages)
n
Say you're playing a role-playing game and you end up in one of the other player's dungeons. You could try begging her for clemency — compassion shown by people in power towards people who rebel or break the law.
Clemency is also a weather word, though nowadays it's much more common to hear people talk about "inclement weather" than, say, "the clemency of the storm." Derived from the Latin for "gentle", it came into usage in the 1550s. If you have trouble remembering its meaning, get rid of the "cle" and replace the "n" with an "r". You're left with "mercy", which more or less means the same thing.
WORD FAMILY
clemency: clemencies+/ clement: clemency, clementer, clemently, inclement /inclemency: inclemencies/ inclement: inclemency, inclementer, inclemently, inclementness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Here’s a doozy: How about the possibility that Mr. Trump will grant Edward J. Snowden clemency as part of a handover with Putin?
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
American said a statement Sunday that statue’s placement improperly suggested that the university was advocating for clemency for Peltier.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
In his letter to Paterson, he called her “the most worthy candidate for clemency that I’ve ever seen.”
New York Times(Jan 12, 2012)
Back: n. 宽容，仁慈; （尤指气候等）温和
分布：仁慈(100%)
【记】源于clement（adj 和蔼的，仁慈宽厚的，宽大的）读：克莱门特－一个男人的名字，他的特点是仁慈。C读：可，le乐，men男人：总是可乐的男人是仁慈的
【反】ruthlessness（n 无情）；clement－pitiless（adj 无情的）
['klem.ənt.si] formal
noun uncountable
KINDNESS 仁慈
■kindness when giving a punishment （施加惩罚时表现出的）宽厚，仁慈
• The jury passed a verdict of guilty, with an appeal to the judge for clemency. 陪审团通过了有罪的判决，同时请求法官从宽处理。
['klem.ənt.si] formal
noun uncountable
WEATHER 天气
■(of weather) the quality of being pleasant or not severe （指天气）温和的，宜人的
n. 仁慈；温和；宽厚
 - humanity, mercy, kindness, benevolence

Word: hotshot
Front: hotshot
[ˈhɒtʃɒt] (18429/41941)
Vocabulary: hotshot
(once / 49248 pages)
n
If you're a hotshot, you're extremely good at one particular thing. A young chess hotshot might win every game within the first few moves.
Hotshot is an informal word for an expert or a whiz. The math hotshot in your calculus class is probably the first person whose hand is raised to answer the teacher's question, and several colleges will no doubt try to recruit a high school basketball hotshot. While hotshot gained this meaning in the 1930s, it originally meant "reckless person," and briefly, in the 1920s, "fast train."
WORD FAMILY
hotshot: hotshots
USAGE EXAMPLES
Set aside the hotshot offensive gurus and vibrant young defensive minds.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 21, 2016)
He was trying to impress his pals, like every fifth-grade hotshot.
Time(Dec 09, 2016)
His first spring training with the Atlanta Braves, when he was a hotshot 19-year-old in 1968, was in West Palm Beach.
Washington Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 高手; 能人; 前途无量的人
分布：货物快车(55%)，能人(45%)
→比喻用法。
US ['hɑ:t.ʃɑ:t] noun countable mainly US informal
■someone who is skilful and successful at something 高手；能人
• Now he's a lecturer, he thinks he's a real hotshot! 现在他当了讲师，就认为自己是高手了。
• She's quite a hotshot at chess. 她是个国际象棋高手。
n. 货物快车；能人；快速交通工具
 - able person, Homo habilis
adj. 高手的；特快的
 - posthaste

Word: offensively
Front: offensively
[ə'fensɪvlɪ] (18592/35049)
Back: adv. 令人不愉快地，讨厌地; 冒犯地
分布：讨厌地(60%)，不愉快地(40%)
ADJ-GRADED
冒犯的；得罪人的；唐突的;无礼的
Something that is offensive upsets or embarrasses people because it is rude or insulting.
例：Some friends of his found the play horribly offensive.他的一些朋友觉得该剧非常让人反感。
例：...offensive remarks which called into question the integrity of my firm.令我公司的诚信遭受质疑的冒犯性言论
N-COUNT
进攻
A military offensive is a carefully planned attack made by a large group of soldiers.
例：Its latest military offensive against rebel forces is aimed at reopening important trade routes...它对叛军的最新一轮军事进攻旨在重新打开重要的贸易通道。
例：The armed forces have launched offensives to recapture lost ground.这支武装部队已发动进攻要夺回失去的阵地。
N-COUNT
（表示愤怒或反对的）强硬行动
If you conduct an offensive, you take strong action to show how angry you are about something or how much you disapprove of something.
例：Republicans acknowledged that they had little choice but to mount an all-out offensive on the Democratic nominee.共和党人承认他们别无选择，只有对获提名的民主党人展开全面攻击。
例：...a diplomatic offensive.外交攻势
ADJ
（体育运动中球队）进攻的，攻方的
In sports such as American football or basketball, the offensive team is the team which has possession of the ball and is trying to score.
例：The worst-ever defeat of this team proved once again that Stanford can be one of the most explosive offensive teams in the country.该队前所未有的惨败再次证明斯坦福队是国内最具爆发力的进攻型队伍之一。
PHRASE
采取强势行动；采取攻势
If you go on the offensive ,go over to the offensive, or take the offensive, you begin to take strong action against people who have been attacking you.
例：The West African forces went on the offensive in response to attacks on them...西非部队对袭击者展开全力还击。
例：The Foreign Secretary has decided to take the offensive in the discussion on the future of the community.外交大臣决定在有关该社群未来的讨论中采取攻势。
adv. 冒犯地；讨厌地
 - disgustingly, vilely

Word: abbreviated
Front: abbreviated
[ə'bri:vɪeɪtɪd] (18452/21124)
Vocabulary: abbreviated
(once / 5106 pages)
adj
Something that's abbreviated is shortened or condensed. An abbreviated version of your favorite novel might be a quick read, but ultimately kind of disappointing.
If you have to take an abbreviated vacation, you might need to leave Hawaii after a few days instead of staying for two weeks. On the other hand, if your boss at work gives you an abbreviated version of her usual lecture, you'll be able to go home a little earlier. The adjective abbreviated and the verb abbreviate both come from the noun abbreviation, with its Latin root, abbreviare, "make brief," from ad-, "to," and breviare, "shorten."
WORD FAMILY
abbreviate: abbreviated, abbreviates, abbreviating, abbreviation, abbreviator+/ abbreviation: abbreviations/abbreviator: abbreviators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Trading volume was the lowest since mid-October, except for the abbreviated trading session after the Thanksgiving holiday.
New York Times(Dec 19, 2016)
The entities, commonly abbreviated as LLCs, often offer owners “pass-throughs,” ensuring that they are taxed only for the income they receive.
Washington Times(Dec 10, 2016)
About those international rascals: After his abbreviated round with the president, Dad recounted the day to my mother.
Golf Digest(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: adj. 简短的，仅可蔽体的，小型的
v. 使简短( abbreviate的过去式和过去分词 ); 缩简; 缩略; 使用缩写词
分布：简短的(69%)，省略的(21%)，动词abbreviate的过去式和过去分词.(10%)
VERB
缩写;缩简;缩短
If you abbreviate something, especially a word or a piece of writing, you make it shorter.
例：He abbreviated his first name to Alec.他将自己的名字缩写为亚历克。
adj. 简短的；小型的；服装超短的
 - brief, pocket

Word: duster
Front: duster
[ˈdʌstə(r)] (18572/20381)
Back: n. 抹布; 尘拂; 撢子; <美>防尘罩衫
分布：除尘器(42%)，抹布(37%)，宽松服(7%)，尘暴(7%)，防尘衣(7%)
US [-tɚ] noun countable
■a piece of cloth that is used for removing dust from furniture, books, surfaces, etc. 抹布
n. 抹布，掸子； [环境] 除尘器；打扫灰尘的人
 - cleaning rag, dishcloth

Word: dapper
Front: dapper
[ˈdæpə(r)] (宝 18440/20731)
Vocabulary: dapper
(once / 4207 pages)
adj
A neatly and stylishly dressed man can be described as dapper. If you like to wear a well-made fedora, you appreciate clothes. Place a brightly colored feather in the brim and you’re dapper.
Dapper is a Germanic word coming from the Middle Dutch word for elegant. Think of the words dashing, jaunty and spiffy when you think of dapper as these are all near synonyms. All of these words are used specifically to describe men. Although there doesn't seem to be a parallel term for a well-dressed woman, if you call her chic or stylish, she will be pleased.
WORD FAMILY
dapper: dapperer, dapperest, dapperly, dapperness
USAGE EXAMPLES
There’s always a dapper little detail – a bit of corduroy or tweed… Absolutely.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Dapper entrepreneur and “Godfather of Rodeo Drive” whose vision transformed a nondescript Southern California street into one of the world’s pre-eminent fashion districts.
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
There’s obviously a “Mad Men,” 1962, dapper, sharp, retro look.
Salon(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: adj. （尤指男子）整洁漂亮的，动作敏捷的
分布：衣冠楚楚的(58%)，短小精悍的(28%)，干净的(14%)
→来自dheb, 厚重的，固定的，引申词义勇敢的，强壮的，后词义进一步褒义化，形容男人稳重的，整洁漂亮的。
【记】读：待破，即有待于破，也就是还没破，就是很整洁漂亮时髦！
【反】frowsy（adj 不整洁的；懒散的）；unkempt（adj 蓬乱的）slovenly（adj 懒散的；不修边幅的）
US [-ɚ] adjective
■describes a man who is dressed in a fashionable and tidy way （男子）穿着考究的，衣冠楚楚的
• Hercule Poirot is the dapper detective of the Agatha Christie novels. 赫尔克里‧波洛就是爱葛莎‧克利斯蒂小说中那位衣冠楚楚的侦探。
adj. 短小精悍的；衣冠楚楚的；整洁的；整齐的
 - ordered, regular, straight

Word: divider
Front: divider
[dɪˈvaɪdə(r)] (18442/22653)
Back: n. 分割者; 间隔物; 分配器; 圆规
分布：分频器(57%)，除法器(33%)，分线规.(5%)，分配物(5%)
N-COUNT
分隔物;分开物;隔板
A divider is something which forms a barrier between two areas or sets of things.
例：A curtain acted as a divider between this class and another.帘子作为分隔物将这间教室和另一间分开。
例：...room dividers.房间隔板
N-PLURAL
分线规;两脚规
Dividers are an instrument used for measuring lines and for marking points along them. Dividers consist of two pointed arms joined with a hinge.
n. [计] 除法器； [电] 分隔物；圆规
 - bow compass, calliper

Word: teenaged
Front: teenaged
[ˈti:neɪdʒd] (18449/39454)
Back: adj. 青少年的，十几岁的少年的
分布：十几岁的(100%)
ADJ
十几岁的，青少年的(指从13到19岁)
Teenaged people are aged between thirteen and nineteen.
例：She is the mother of two teenaged daughters.她有两个十几岁的女儿。
adj. 十几岁的；青少年的
 - juvenile

Word: speechwriter
Front: speechwriter
['spi:tʃˌraɪtə] (18422/-)
Back: n. 演讲稿撰写人
分布：演讲稿撰写人(100%)
N-COUNT
演讲稿撰写人
A speechwriter is a person who writes speeches for important people such as politicians.

Word: drunkenness
Front: drunkenness
[ˈdrʌŋkənnɪs] (18445/14846)
Back: n. 酒醉
分布：醉态(100%)
ADJ-GRADED
酒醉引起的;与酒醉有关的
Drunken is used to describe events and situations that involve people who are drunk.
例：The pain roused him from his drunken stupor...他喝得烂醉如泥,而后一阵疼痛把他疼醒了。
例：He hit her with a frying pan during a drunken brawl.他酒后耍酒疯用平底锅打了她。
ADJ-GRADED
醉酒的;酗酒的
A drunken person is drunk or is frequently drunk.
例：Groups of drunken hooligans smashed shop windows and threw stones.一群群醉醺醺的小流氓砸碎商店的橱窗，还投掷石块。
n. 醉态；酒醉
 - inebriation, grogginess

Word: gutsy
Front: gutsy
[ˈgʌtsi] (18419/21445)
Back: adj. 勇敢的，贪婪的
分布：勇敢的(43%)，贪婪的(20%)，胆大的(20%)，强劲的(17%)
['gʌt.si] informal
adjective
■brave and determined 勇敢的；坚毅的；有决心的
• a gutsy performance 勇敢的表现
adj. 勇敢的；贪婪的；有种的；胆大的
 - game, brave

Word: chutney
Front: chutney
[ˈtʃʌtni] (18588/23874)
Vocabulary: chutney
(once / 21848 pages)
n
Chutney is an Indian condiment that adds a sweet, spicy flavor to your food. When you eat at an Indian restaurant, you can ask for extra chutney on the side.
Some chutneys resemble jam — and, in fact, many types are made with fruit that's been cooked or pickled in vinegar, lemon, or tamarind, and often sugar. Other chutney is made with vegetables and flavored with various spices. European chutneys tend to be sweet, while in India they're just as likely to be very hot and spicy. The word chutney has a Sanskrit root, caṭnī, "to lick."
WORD FAMILY
chutney: chutneys
USAGE EXAMPLES
His secret was cows’ milk, herbal chutney and seasonal fruit that ripened in sunshine.
New York Times(Nov 16, 2016)
But I think his policy of automatically serving them first, with nothing but chutneys to accompany them, is a mistake.
New York Times(Nov 08, 2016)
His curries, chutneys and sauces seduce with subtlety.
Seattle Times(Nov 10, 2016)
Back: n. 酸辣酱
分布：名词(100%)
→来自印度语。
noun countable or uncountable
■a mixture containing fruit, spices, sugar and vinegar , eaten cold with especially meat or cheese （用水果、香料、糖、醋等调制，尤指与肉或起司一同冷食的）酸辣酱
• tomato and apple chutney 番茄苹果酸辣酱
• mango chutney 芒果酸辣酱

Word: one-of-a-kind
Front: one-of-a-kind
['wʌn'əvə'kaɪnd] None
Back: adj. 每种只有一个的
分布：每种只有一个的(100%)
ADJ
独特的；独一无二的
You use one-of-a-kind to describe something that is special because there is nothing else exactly like it.
例：...a small one-of-a-kind publishing house.一家独树一帜的小出版公司

Word: disrespect
Front: disrespect
[ˌdɪsrɪˈspekt] (托 14671/18752)
Vocabulary: disrespect
(once / 2870 pages)
nv
To disrespect someone is to act in an insulting way toward them. When you disrespect people, you think very little of them.
Disrespect is all about not showing respect. Actually, it's about showing the opposite of respect, by acting rude, impolite, and offensive. Talking back to your teacher is showing disrespect for her authority. Not giving up your seat to an elderly person is an act of disrespect. So is ignoring the customs and culture in a foreign country. The slang abbreviation dis comes from disrespect and means the same thing.
WORD FAMILY
disrespect: disrespected, disrespecting, disrespects+/ disrespectful: disrespectfully/ respect: disrespect, respectable, respected, respecter, respectful, respecting, respects, self-respect/respectability: respectabilities/ respectable: respectability, respectabler, respectablest, respectably, unrespectable/respecter: respecters/ respectful: disrespectful, respectfully, respectfulness, self-respectful/respecting: self-respecting/unrespectable: unrespectability
USAGE EXAMPLES
However, the country's constitution says the king is "inviolable" - or too significant to be treated with disrespect.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
At the End of My Rope: “At this point, it’s the disrespect,” you say.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Earlier, US President-elect Donald Trump tweeted in support of Israel, saying he would not allow it to be treated with "disdain and disrespect".
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 失礼，无礼
vt. 不尊敬，不尊重
时态：disrespected, disrespecting, disrespects
分布：不敬(45%)，无礼(36%)，不尊敬(19%)
【记】respect（v /n 尊敬）
noun uncountable
■lack of respect 不尊敬，无礼，失礼
• a disrespect for authority 无视权威
no disrespect to sb
■used before you criticize someone in order not to sound rude 并非不尊重，无意贬低（用于批评某人之前，起缓和作用）
• No disrespect to Julie, but this department worked perfectly well before she started here. 我并不是要贬低朱莉，但该部门的工作在她来之前一直都很顺利。
n. 无礼，失礼，不敬
 - imperence, unceremoniousness

Word: tracer
Front: tracer
[ˈtreɪsə(r)] (18424/22266)
Back: n. 追踪者，描图者，（铁笔等）绘图工具
分布：曳光弹(58%)，示踪物(42%)
→来自 trace,追踪，描绘，勾勒，-er,表物。引申词义示踪迹，曳光弹。
US [-sɚ] noun countable
■a bullet which leaves a line of flame or smoke behind it when it is fired , so that you can see the direction it has taken 曳光弹
• Tracer bullets streaked through the sky. 曳光弹划过长空。
• The sky was bright with tracer fire. 曳光弹发出的火光照亮了天空。
n. [核] 示踪物；追踪者；描图者；（铁笔等）绘图工具
 - stalkers, drawing tools

Word: impersonate
Front: impersonate
[ɪmˈpɜ:səneɪt] (托宝 18460/19941 -1)
Vocabulary: impersonate
(once / 2393 pages)
v
Impersonate means to pretend to be someone you're not. If you impersonate a bank teller in order to gain access to the money in the vault, you better hope nobody at the bank asks you any questions.
Impersonate comes from the Latin in and persona, meaning "to invest with a personality." It often is used to describe someone posing as someone else for criminal purposes, but you can also impersonate someone for comedic effect. You may have seen actors on television do this. They impersonate politicians and celebrities by wearing wigs and makeup and try to match the famous person's mannerisms and way of speaking as closely as possible.
WORD FAMILY
impersonate: impersonated, impersonates, impersonating, impersonation, impersonator+/ impersonation: impersonations/impersonator: impersonators/ persona: impersonate, personae, personas
USAGE EXAMPLES
Prosecutors say Cunha contacted her old firm and impersonated or pretended to be several people who held policies with that company.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Let’s turn our neighbours back into our neighbours, and turn our backs on those who impersonate them.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
The thieves impersonated more than 6,100 news and content publishers, stealing advertising revenue that marketers intended to run on those sites, White Ops said.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: vt. 扮演; 模仿; 拟人，人格化
adj. 被人格化了的; 体现…的
时态：impersonated, impersonating, impersonates
分布：模仿(51%)，扮演(39%)，假冒(10%)
→im-,进入，使，person,人。即变成另一个人的，冒充。
扮演,模仿(im+person人+ate→进入别人→扮演别人)[im-,in-①表示"不,无,非"②表示"向内,进入"]
【记】personate（vt 扮演；装扮）；person（n 人，角色）
【参】impersonator（n 演员；模拟名人的艺人）
US [-'pɝ:-] verb transitive
■to intentionally copy another person's characteristics, such as their behaviour, speech, appearance or expressions, especially to make people laugh （尤指为引人发笑）扮演，模仿
• She's the woman who impersonates the Queen on TV. 她是在电视上扮演女王的那个人。
■to attempt to deceive someone by pretending that you are another person 假冒，冒充
• He was fined for impersonating a police officer. 他因假冒员警而被罚款。
vt. 扮演；模仿；拟人，人格化
 - play, simulate, pattern, imitate

Word: machinist
Front: machinist
[məˈʃi:nɪst] (18426/25021 -1)
Back: n. 机械师，机工
分布：机械师(65%)，机械工(26%)，机械安装修理工(9%)
→来自machine,机器，-ist,人。即操控机器的人。
noun countable
■a person whose job is operating a machine 机工，机械师；缝纫工
• She works as a machinist in a clothing factory. 她在一家制衣厂做缝纫工。

Word: expendable
Front: expendable
[ɪkˈspendəbl] (18456/22166)
Vocabulary: expendable
(once / 24023 pages)
adj
Anything expendable is not necessary — it can be done without. If you lose or use expendable funds, you won't miss the money.
None of us wants to be called expendable — that means we could be replaced. If a football team isn't worried about certain players leaving for another team, then those players are expendable: they won't be missed and won't disrupt things if they leave. In war, some people are considered more expendable than others: a soldier is more expendable than a general, because there are far fewer generals. In any country, the least expendable person is the president or other leader of the nation. That's why they get so much protection from their security guards, who are considered much more expendable.
WORD FAMILY
expendable: unexpendable+/ expend: expendable, expended, expender, expending, expenditure, expends, expensive /expended: unexpended/ expenditure: expenditures/ expensive: expensively, expensiveness, inexpensive/inexpensive: inexpensively, inexpensiveness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Coincidentally, Norris was expendable because the Nationals viewed Ramos as their future catcher.
Washington Post(Dec 13, 2016)
But Soler, as talented as he is, was expendable in Chicago, a product of the organization’s robust player development system.
Washington Post(Dec 07, 2016)
And despite representing the essential toughness of a team, the offensive line is, in large part, the most expendable, least valued unit on the roster.
The Guardian(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. 可消费的，值得消耗的
分布：可牺牲的(34%)，消耗品(32%)，可消耗的(18%)，牺牲品(16%)
adjective
■If someone or something is expendable, people can do something or deal with a situation without them 可有可无的；无关紧要的；不必要的
• No one likes to think that they're expendable. 谁也不愿意认为自己是可以随便牺牲的。
adj. 可消费的；排出的；不重复使用的；可牺牲的
 - consumable
n. 消耗品
 - consumable supplies

Word: startlingly
Front: startlingly
['sta:tliŋli] (18467/18511)
Back: adv. 惊人地
分布：惊人地(100%)
ADJ-GRADED
令人吃惊的;惊人的;不寻常的
Something that is startling is so different, unexpected, or remarkable that people react to it with surprise.
例：Sometimes the results may be rather startling.有时结果可能会令人吃惊。
例：...startling new evidence...惊人的新证据
adv. 惊人地；使人惊奇地
 - surprisingly, alarmingly

Word: impinge
Front: impinge
[ɪmˈpɪndʒ] (宝 18394/11422)
Vocabulary: impinge
(once / 8347 pages)
v
Whether you have a habit of standing too close when talking to others or bringing luggage on a crowded rush-hour subway car, you'll find people don't like it when you impinge on their personal space.
When you impinge, you intrude on something, whether it’s someone else’s space, time, or rights. Think of it as moving in on someone’s territory. The word also can be used in the sense of affecting something, usually negatively, often by restricting it. For example, constantly inviting your friend to go shopping and meet you in nice restaurants might impinge on her desire to save money.
WORD FAMILY
impinge: impinged, impingement, impinges, impinging+/impingement: impingements
USAGE EXAMPLES
Those are just hints of the complex world that is about to impinge on the simplistic worldview offered by Trump during his presidential campaign.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
These other islands and coastal enclaves rarely impinge on the collective consciousness.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
He told her it should be monitored regularly; such tumors typically must be removed if they grow and impinge on brain structures.
Washington Post(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: vt. 冲击; 撞击; 对…起作用; 侵犯
vt. & vi. 对…有明显作用（或影响），妨碍，侵犯(~ on/upon sth/sb.)
时态：impinged, impinging, impinges
分布：撞击(51%)，侵犯(45%)，对...有影响(4%)
→im-,进入，使，-pinge,固定，紧压，系紧，词源同fang,impact.引申词义妨碍，侵犯。
撞击;侵犯(im进入+ping+e-紧迫进入-侵犯)[ping=fasten(系紧)]
【记】im进入，pin（n 大头针），ge：用大头针扎你－侵害
verb
  Phrasal Verbs  impinge on/upon sb/sth
■to have an effect on something, often causing problems by limiting it in some way 影响；妨碍
• The government's spending limits will seriously impinge on the education budget. 政府限制开支会严重影响教育预算。
vi. 撞击；侵犯
 - knock against, to infringe on
vt. 撞击
 - impact, strike

Word: prune
Front: prune
[pru:n] (托宝 14230/11960 -2)
Vocabulary: prune
(once / 1344 pages)
1v 2n
To prune means to clip, crop, cut back, and weed out. Pruning usually happens to overgrown trees and bushes, but can also be helpful for wild eyebrows and guest lists that are too long.
You may have also heard of another form of prune: the kind you eat. But other than dried plums, the word is generally used in verb form to describe giving something a much needed trim. Gardeners prune plants, cutting back dead branches and weak parts so they can thrive and grow better. Companies prune budgets to cut back on unnecessary spending. And you might need to prune your baseball hat collection if you're running out of places to put them.
WORD FAMILY
prune: pruned, pruner, prunes, pruning+/pruner: pruners/pruning: prunings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Fetch a branch from the garden; apple tree prunings and stems of Japanese quince work well, but anything will do.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
Often, they are pruned to within an inch of their lives to fit under phone lines or to avoid streetlights.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
This type of pruning also happens during adolescence.
Time(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: vi. 删除; 减少
vt. 修剪（树木等）; 删除; 剪去; 精简某事物，除去某事物多余的部分
n. 西梅脯，西梅干; 深紫红色; 傻瓜; 〈美〉没趣的人，讨厌的人
时态：pruned, pruning, prunes
分布：修剪(65%)，削减(21%)，洋李脯(7%)，梅干(7%)
→来自拉丁语pruna,李子，来自希腊语proumnon,李子。prune 修剪树枝，裁剪，精减
【记】中间有一个run，跑过去吃梅干，记住还有修剪的意思。
verb transitive
■to cut off branches from a tree, bush or plant, especially so that it will grow better in future 修剪（树枝）
• She spent the afternoon pruning roses. 她用下午的时间修剪了玫瑰。
■to reduce something by removing things which are not necessary 删除，删节
• Arco has reacted to the loss in revenue by pruning (back) its expansion plans. 恒高公司缩减其扩张计划以应付收益亏损。
• I felt his essay needed a little pruning. 我认为他的文章需要稍作删改。
[pru:n] noun countable
■a dried plum 西梅干，洋李干
vi. 删除；减少
 - delete from, to cut down
vt. 修剪；删除；剪去
 - shear, crop
n. 深紫红色；傻瓜；李子干
 - stupid, fool

Word: self-taught
Front: self-taught
[ˈselfˈtɔ:t] None
Back: adj. 独学的，自修的; 无师自通
分布：自学的(100%)
ADJ
自学的;自修的
If you are self-taught, you have learned a skill by yourself rather than being taught it by someone else such as a teacher at school.
例：Paul is self-taught and became interested in photography just four years ago.保罗是自学的，他四年前才开始对摄影产生兴趣。
例：...a self-taught musician.自学成才的音乐家

Word: discontinuity
Front: discontinuity
[ˌdɪsˌkɒntɪˈnju:əti] (18582/16299)
Back: n. 断绝，不连续，中断
分布：不连续(72%)，中断(22%)，断绝(6%)
N-VAR
不连贯;间断性;不连续性
Discontinuity in a process is a lack of smooth or continuous development.
例：The text is good in parts, but suffers from discontinuity...文章分开看还好，但是问题在于不连贯。
例：There may appear to be discontinuities between broadcasts.广播节目中可能会出现断音。
n. [数] 不连续；中断；间断性；断绝
 - break, non-sequence

Word: sagebrush
Front: sagebrush
[ˈseɪdʒbrʌʃ] (18610/-)
Back: n. 灌木蒿，灌木蒿丛; 一串红
→sage,鼠尾草，brush,灌木植物，刷子。因这种灌木形如鼠尾草而得名。

Word: vitally
Front: vitally
[ˈvaɪtəli] (四 18464/11406)
Back: adv. 充满活力地; 极其，绝对
致命地
分布：极其(60%)，重要地(20%)，生命攸关地(20%)
ADJ-GRADED
必要的;至关重要的;必不可少的
If you say that something is vital, you mean that it is necessary or very important.
例：The port is vital to supply relief to millions of drought victims...这个港口对向数百万旱灾灾民提供救援物资是至关重要的。
例：Nick Wileman is a school caretaker so it is vital that he gets on well with young people...尼克·威尔曼是学校的管理员，因此与年轻人搞好关系很重要。
ADJ-GRADED
充满活力的;生气勃勃的
If you describe someone or something as vital, you mean that they are very energetic and full of life.
例：They are both very vital people and a good match...他俩都很有活力，十分般配。
例：They have something important to say and vital and radical ways of saying it.他们有些重要的事情要说，言辞会比较激烈。
adv. 极其；紧要地；生死攸关地
 - extremely, most, rare

Word: auburn
Front: auburn
[ˈɔ:bən] (16356/25053)
Vocabulary: auburn
(once / 1504 pages)
adj
Auburn is a reddish-brown color. If you ask a hairdresser to color your hair auburn, you'll be disappointed to end up with bright red curls.
Auburn almost always describes hair color — you might talk about your favorite childhood doll's long auburn hair, for example. The earliest meaning of auburn was "yellowish-white," not "reddish-brown," from the Medieval Latin alburnus, "off-white" or "whitish," from the Latin albus, or "white." In the 16th century it was influenced by the Middle English word brun, "brown," and the meaning changed.
WORD FAMILY
auburn: auburnly
USAGE EXAMPLES
South Carolina plays its first SEC road game of the season when it travels to Auburn on Thursday night.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Sean White missed the Tigers’ final two regular-season games with a shoulder injury, and without him, Auburn becomes very one dimensional.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Seventh-ranked Oklahoma enters Monday’s Sugar Bowl against No. 17 Auburn on a nine-game winning streak that includes an undefeated run through the Big 12.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 赤褐色的; 红褐色的
n. 赤褐色; 红褐色
分布：赤褐色(46%)，赤褐色的(24%)，赭色(17%)，赭色的(13%)
→来自词根alb, 白色的，见albumen,蛋白。字母l弱化成u, 词义受brown影响。
US ['ɑ:.bɚn] adjective
■(of hair) reddish brown （头发）红褐色的
• auburn-haired 红褐色头发的
n. 赤褐色
 - titian
adj. 赤褐色的，赭色的
 - copper-colored, foxy

Word: glitzy
Front: glitzy
[ˈɡlitsi] (18447/21903)
Back: adj. 闪光的，耀眼的; 眩目的
级别：glitzier, glitziest
分布：浮华的(64%)，闪耀的(36%)
adjective
■having a fashionable appearance intended to attract attention 时髦华丽的；富丽堂皇的；耀眼夺目的
• He celebrated his birthday at a glitzy party in Beverly Hills. 他在比华利山为自己举办了一个豪华铺张的生日派对。
adj. 眩目的；（美、加）闪光的；耀眼的
 - shot, flash

Word: bye
Front: bye
[baɪ] (中高 18387/4072 -K3)
Vocabulary: bye
(once / 1403 pages)
1n 2n
If you say, "Bye!" you mean "farewell" or "so long." In other words, bye is a shorter way to say, "Goodbye."
When you need a quick, informal way to bid your friend adieu, you'll probably say, "Bye!" It's shorthand for "goodbye," and when adults speak to babies and children, there's a tendency to double it: "Bye bye!" Another kind of bye is when an athlete moves directly into the next round of a competition without playing, a meaning that originated with the game of cricket.
WORD FAMILY
bye: byes
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is difficult to understate how important earning a bye was for the Chiefs.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Cowboys: First-round bye and a home playoff game on Jan. 14 or 15.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
In other words, the advantage of the bye and needing to win just one home game to get to a conference final is fairly immense.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: int. 再见，回头见
n. 次要的东西; （体育比赛中）轮空
分布：再见(100%)
→来自短语God be with ye.
CONVENTION
（非正式）再见，拜拜
Bye and bye-bye are informal ways of saying goodbye.
int. 再见
 - adios, tatas, pippip, bye-bye
n. 轮空；次要的东西
 - marginalia
adj. 次要的
 - secondary, minor, supporting, peripheral

Word: seer
Front: seer
[sɪə(r)] (18420/23438)
Vocabulary: seer
(once / 1670 pages)
n
A seer is someone who can see the future. Nostradamus is considered a seer because he predicted everything from the Great Fire of London to the French Revolution. Oh, and the end of the world.
See the word see in seer? Seers can see into the future. Prophets, fortune tellers, and tarot card readers are seers. Seers are part of many fictional stories, especially fantasy stories that might include witches and goblins. However, this word can be used for anyone who is good at predicting things, such as a political, financial, or sports analyst. Seers are also called oracles and visionaries. As for Nostradamus, let’s hope he was wrong sometimes.
WORD FAMILY
seer: seers+/ foresee: foresaw, foreseeable, foreseed, foreseeing, foreseen, foresees/ foreseeable: foreseeably, unforeseeable/foreseen: unforeseen /oversee: oversaw, overseed, overseeing, overseen, overseer, oversees/overseer: overseers/ see: foresee, oversee, seeable, seeing, seen, seer, sees/seeable: unseeable/seeing: seeingly, seeings, unseeing/seen: unseen, unseeyn/unforeseeable: unforeseeably/unseeing: unseeingly/unseen: unseens
USAGE EXAMPLES
These are the same seers who missed the Russian invasion of Crimea, missed the incursion into southern Ukraine, and missed Mr. Putin’s foray into Syria.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 11, 2016)
There were sophisticated stylistic curveballs, too — the show’s strangest piece is an excerpt from Converse’s art-song cycle about Cassandra, the seer nobody listened to.
New York Times(Nov 10, 2016)
And there a parade of other market experts and stock seers who predicted the same thing.
Time(Nov 09, 2016)
Back: n. 预言家，先知者，幻想家
分布：先知(58%)，预言者(16%)，观看者(13%)，占卜者(13%)
→see,看，-er,人。比喻用法。 seersucker 泡泡纱
US [sɪr] literary
noun countable
■a person who says he or she can see what will happen in the future 预言家；先知
n. 预言家；幻想家；先知者
 - seir, vaticinator

Word: interconnection
Front: interconnection
[ˌɪntəkə'nekʃn] (18608/16566)
Back: n. 互相连络
分布：互相连络(100%)
N-VAR
相互关联;相互联系
If you say that there is an interconnection between two or more things, you mean that they are very closely connected.
例：...the thematic interconnection between the stories.这些故事主题之间的相互关联
例：...the alarming interconnection of drug abuse and AIDS infection.滥用毒品与艾滋病感染之间让人警醒的关联

Word: black-owned

Word: oncology
Front: oncology
[ɒŋˈkɒlədʒi] (18597/41207)
Vocabulary: oncology
(once / 11820 pages)
n
Oncology is the branch of medicine that deals with tumors and cancer. A doctor who practices oncology is called an oncologist.
You probably think of cancer treatment as a modern practice, but the word oncology has its roots in ancient Greek. The prefix onkos means "mass or bulk” (and eventually evolved into the modern Latin onco — meaning tumor) and the suffix logy means “study of.” In theory, the word means “the study of tumors.” More often, though, you will hear oncology in relation to treatment and practical medicine, as opposed to just study or research.
WORD FAMILY
oncology: oncologic, oncological, oncologist +/ oncologist: oncologists
USAGE EXAMPLES
When they learned of her wish, the oncology nurses at Starling Physicians jumped into action, creating the video message in short order.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
The research appears in the Journal of the American Medical Association Oncology.
Reuters(Dec 08, 2016)
“We are not simply throwing food at them,” says Erin Jennings, an oncology dietitian and a co-investigator on the study.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: n. 肿瘤学
分布：肿瘤学(100%)
→来自希腊语onkos,大块，肿块，引申词义肿瘤，-logy,学说。
US [ɑ:n'kɑ:.lə-] noun uncountable
■the study and treatment of tumours (= masses of cells) in the body 肿瘤学

Word: disassemble
Front: disassemble
[ˌdɪsəˈsembl] (18473/36018)
Vocabulary: disassemble
(once / 36706 pages)
v
The verb disassemble means to take something apart. It's one thing to disassemble a computer; it's a whole other thing to put it back together again.
If you take your car to the repair shop to have a squeaky brake fixed, you'll be surprised to see the mechanics quickly disassemble your car, removing even its wheels and doors. You can use the word disassemble whenever something's dismantled or broken into pieces. Originally, disassemble meant "to disperse," or to stop a crowd of people from assembling, but the meaning changed to its current definition in the 1600s.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
disassemble / dissemble
Disassemble is to take something apart, like an old car motor, but dissemble is sneaky — it means to hide your true self, like the guy who said he was a mechanic but had never actually seen a motor, much less put one back together.
Disassemble is formed from dis-, meaning reversal, and assemble, to put together. Disassemble, then, is to take something apart, literally or figuratively:
Entering the moon's orbit, the rocket was further disassembled enabling two Apollo Astronauts to explore the lunar surface. (Scientific American)
Lawmakers are, of course, free to disassemble their Frankenbill and pass the measures separately. (Chicago Tribune)
But Mr. Walker and Republican leaders said disassembling unions was not the point at all. (New York Times)
Dissemble, which means to hide one's beliefs or feelings, has a less direct breakdown. (Why would it be direct? It likes to hide!) It comes from the Latin dissimulare, meaning to conceal, from dis- for completely, and simulare meaning pretend. If you completely pretend you believe something other than you really do, you are dissembling:
Pictures have always dissembled — there are millions of snaps of miserable families grinning bravely — but now they directly lie. (Guardian)
Is this not the curse of power, forever compelled to conceal and dissemble? (New York Times)
A sweet religion, indeed, that obliges men to dissemble and tell lies, both to God and man, for the salvation of their souls! (John Locke)
Ditch the dis an it's easy to keep these two straight: (dis)assemble is the opposite of assemble, and (dis)semble is to not resemble yourself.
WORD FAMILY
disassemble: disassembled, disassembles, disassembling, disassembly+/ assemblage: assemblages/ assemble: assemblage, assembled, assembler, assembles, assembling, disassemble, preassemble, reassemble /assembler: assemblers/assembling: assemblings/preassemble: preassembled/ reassemble: reassembled, reassembles, reassembling
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Watch as he plays with, or rather disassembles, their creation,” it reads.
Time(Dec 22, 2016)
The bride’s father, a carpenter, disassembled a greenhouse at work and saved supplies, including 2-by-6s and plyboard.
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
At that time the fire department disassembled the engine and refurbished it.
Washington Times(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: vt. 解开，分解
时态：disassembled, disassembling, disassembles
分布：拆卸(52%)，分解(34%)，解开(14%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。assemble, 组装。即拆装，拆开。
VERB
拆卸;拆开
To disassemble something means to take it to pieces.
例：You'll have to disassemble the drill.你得拆开这个钻头。
vt. 拆开，解开；反汇编
 - strip down, unweave

Word: multipurpose
Front: multipurpose
['mʌltɪ'pɜ:pəs] (18465/41683)
Vocabulary: multipurpose
(once / 70775 pages)
adj
Anything multipurpose can be used in many different ways. A multipurpose tool might include a screwdriver, flashlight, and bottle opener all in one.
At your school, a multipurpose room could provide space for a music class, an after-school art club, and an area for the debate club's meetings. If you're prescribed a multipurpose medication, it might take care of your headache while also easing your stiff elbow and making you feel more energetic. Multipurpose combines multi, "many or much," from the Latin multus, with purpose, "intention," from the Old French porpos, "aim."
WORD FAMILY
purpose: multipurpose, purposed, purposeful, purposeless, purposes, purposing+/ purposeful: purposefully, purposefulness/purposeless: purposelessly, purposelessness/purposelessness: purposelessnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
In an adjacent anteroom, there’s a stationary bike, 15-pound weights, a multipurpose fitness tower and a TRX suspension trainer hanging on the door.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
After Mass, we accompanied Papa to a fund-raising in the multipurpose hall next to the church building.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
The Columbus Metropolitan Housing Authority has said it plans to save only one building and intends to use it as multipurpose space.
Washington Times(Nov 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 多种用途的，多目标的; 多用途; 多用
分布：多种用途的(37%)，多目标的(35%)，万能的(28%)
US [-tˌɪ'pɝ:-] adjective
■describes a tool, etc. that can be used in several different ways 多用途的；多功能的
• a multipurpose hall 多功能大厅

Word: broadband
Front: broadband
[ˈbrɔ:dbænd] (13351/-)
Back: n. 宽带
分布：宽带(95%)，宽频带(4%)，宽频带的(1%)
US ['brɑ:d-] noun uncountable
■a system that makes it possible for many messages or large amounts of information to be sent at the same time and very quickly between computers or other electronic devices 宽频
• Internet connection via broadband offers many advantages. 宽频网路有许多优点。
• broadband services/networks/technology/transmission 宽频服务／网路／技术／传输
adj. 宽频带的；宽波段的；宽频通讯的
 - wideband

Word: hollow
Front: hollow
[ˈhɒləʊ] (研四六托 7413/7023 -K2)
Vocabulary: hollow
(once / 171 pages)
adjnv
If something is hollow, it is empty on the inside. A chocolate Easter bunny looks like so much chocolate until you realize that it is hollow and quickly eaten.
The idea of emptiness is apparent in the other uses for hollow too. A valley between mountains is called a hollow and if you're really thin, you may have hollow cheeks. Things like words and promises are hollow if the person uttering them does not intend to keep them. And a hollow victory is not very satisfying, as it means that you have reached your goal, but lost something more important along the way.
WORD FAMILY
hollow: hollowed, hollower, hollowest, hollowing, hollowly, hollowness, hollows+/hollowness: hollownesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
One of the beefs with “Captain Fantastic” is that it promotes an all-or-nothing extremism that rings hollow.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
The supernatural drama “Sleepy Hollow” scares up a fourth season.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
She dismissed them as harsh judgments and hollow words from people she did not trust.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 空的; 空洞的; 虚伪的; 空腹的
n. 洞，坑; 山谷
vt. & vi. 挖空（某物），变空; 挖出（孔、洞）
adv. 完全，彻底
时态：hollowed, hollowing, hollows
分布：空的(35%)，洞(28%)，空洞的(12%)，山谷(9%)，挖空(5%)，凹陷的(3%)，虚伪的(3%)，窟窿(2%)，形成空洞(1%)，完全地(1%)，彻底(1%)
→来自古英语holh,空洞，洞，穴，词源同hole.引申词义空洞的，虚伪的。
a.空的,中空的;空洞的,空虚的v.挖空,凿空The fellow's yellow pillow is hollowed by his follower.那个家伙的黄色枕头被他的跟随者掏空了.
US ['hɑ:.loʊ] adjective
EMPTY 空的
 ADVANCED
■having a hole or empty space inside 空的，空心的
• a hollow tube 空心管子
• Hollow blocks are used because they are lighter. 使用空心砖是因为它们更轻。
• a hollow log 空心的原木
hollow cheeks/eyes
■If someone has hollow cheeks or eyes, their cheeks curve in or their eyes look deep in their head because they are old, tired, or ill. 凹陷的脸颊／眼窝
UK ['hɒl.əʊ] US ['hɑ:.loʊ] adjective
NOT SINCERE 虚伪的
■(of situations, feelings or words) without value; not true or sincere （局面、情感或言语）无价值的，空洞的，虚伪的
• It was something of a hollow victory - she won the case but lost all her savings in legal fees. 这是一个毫无价值的胜利——她赢了诉讼，却也为此花光了所有积蓄。
• Even sex had become a hollow pleasure. 甚至连性都变得无聊乏味，失去了原有的乐趣。
• Will their good intentions become realities or are they just hollow promises? 他们的美好愿望会变成现实吗？或者只是空口诺言？
UK ['hɒl.əʊ] US ['hɑ:.loʊ] adjective
SOUND 声音
■(of sound) as if made by hitting an empty container （声音）空洞的，低沉的
• a hollow sound 低沉的声音
• This tree trunk sounds hollow. 这棵树的树干敲起来声音空洞。
UK ['hɒl.əʊ] US ['hɑ:.loʊ] adjective
ring/sound hollow
■If something someone says rings hollow, it does not sound true or sincere. 显得虚假；听起来不诚恳
UK ['hɒl.əʊ] US ['hɑ:.loʊ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] hollow sth out
■to make an empty space inside something 把…挖空；使变空
• Sand carried by the wind has hollowed out the base of the cliff. 风挟带的沙子将悬崖的底部掏空了。
UK ['hɒl.əʊ] US ['hɑ:.loʊ] noun countable
■a hole or empty space in something, or a low area in a surface 坑；洞
• The dog found a hollow in the ground to hide in from the wind. 那只狗在地上发现了一个可以钻进去避风的洞。
■(also Hollow) US
■a valley 山谷
• We used to go for long walks in the hollow. 我们以前常去山谷远足。
• Sleepy Hollow 睡谷
hollow, cavity, pit, cave, hole
这组词都有“洞、穴”的意思，其区别是：
hollow: 通常指表面上的坑或凹处，也指物体内部的空洞。
cavity: 比hole正式，指实体内中或表面的空洞或空腔。
pit: 指天然的大洞，尤指地上的洞，也指为采掘矿物而挖的深洞。
cave: 指出洞、窑洞或溶洞，可以是天然的或人造的。
hole: 最普通用词，泛指实体上的洞、孔或坑，不涉及其大小、深浅或穿透与否。
open, blank, vacant, hollow, empty
这组词都有“空的”的意思，其区别是：
open: 指未被占有，从而可被别人得到的。
blank: 指上面没有写字、印刷或做记号的空白表面，或指上面留着准备被填写的空白处。
vacant: 普通用词，侧重某物或某个位置没有被占用。
hollow: 指物体中间是空的。
empty: 指空无一人或一物，或空洞无意义的。
adj. 空的；中空的，空腹的；凹的；虚伪的
 - empty, artificial, false, bare, vacant
n. 洞；山谷；窟窿
 - hole, cavity
vi. 形成空洞
 - cavitate
adv. 彻底地；无用地
 - thoroughly, entirely, completely, fully, tight

Word: pearly
Front: pearly
[ˈpɜ:li] (18418/21286)
Back: adj. 珍珠似的，用珍珠装饰的
级别：pearlier, pearliest
分布：珍珠似的(65%)，珍贵的(35%)
US ['pɝ:-] adjective
■white and shiny, like a pearl 珍珠似的；珠色的
• pearly white teeth 珍珠般的皓齿
adj. 珍贵的；珍珠似的；生产珍珠的；用珍珠装饰的
 - precious, golden

Word: no-hitter
Front: no-hitter
['nəʊ'hɪtə] None
Back: n. 无安打赛局

Word: spurious
Front: spurious
[ˈspjʊəriəs] (宝 18432/11484 -1)
Vocabulary: spurious
(once / 2446 pages)
adj
Something false or inauthentic is spurious. Don't trust spurious ideas and stories. Spurious statements often are lies, just as a spurious coin is a counterfeit coin — a fake.
Anytime you see the word spurious, you're dealing with things that can't be trusted or accepted at face value. A spurious claim is one that's not backed up by the facts. A spurious argument relies on faulty reasoning — and maybe some lies. Politicians often accuse each other of saying things that are spurious and meant to deceive the voters. As long as you're honest, clear, and not trying to trick anyone, nobody can say you're being spurious.
WORD FAMILY
spurious: spuriously, spuriousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
One spurious story, based on a 33-year-old essay Khan wrote, claimed he championed sharia law.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
On a statistical basis, the forecasters were “actively adding negative value” — essentially destroying value by issuing spurious numbers.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
“But is that just a spurious correlation? In all likelihood, it is.”
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 假的，伪造的; 欺骗性的，谬误的; 私生的; 赝
分布：假的(70%)，伪造的(30%)
→来自拉丁语 spurius,非婚生的，私生的，杂种的，来自 spurcus,低劣的，卑贱的，来自 spregh, 播洒，播种，词源同 sperm,精子，精液。引申词义虚假的，伪造的。
【记】spur马刺，ious多：很多马刺里肯定有假的。
【反】genuine＝authentic（adj 真正的）
US ['spjʊr.i-] adjective
■false and not what it appears to be, or (of reasons and judgments) based on something that has not been correctly understood and therefore false 虚假的，欺骗的；（原因、判断）谬误的
• Some of the arguments in favour of shutting the factory are questionable and others downright spurious. 赞成关闭工厂的那些论据，有些值得质疑，另一些则明显站不住脚。
adj. 假的；伪造的；欺骗的
 - false, bogus

Word: destroyed
Front: destroyed
[dɪs'trɔɪd] (18487/32681)
Back: v. 破坏( destroy的过去式和过去分词 ); 毁灭; 消灭; 杀死
分布：遭破坏的(75%)，动词destroy的过去式和过去分词.(25%)
VERB
毁坏;破坏;毁灭;摧毁
To destroy something means to cause so much damage to it that it is completely ruined or does not exist any more.
例：That's a sure recipe for destroying the economy and creating chaos...那样做肯定会破坏经济、制造混乱。
例：No one was injured in the explosion, but the building was completely destroyed...没有人在爆炸中受伤，但大楼遭到了彻底毁坏。
VERB
毁掉…的生活;使垮掉
To destroy someone means to ruin their life or to make their situation impossible to bear.
例：If I was younger or more naive, the criticism would have destroyed me.如果我再年轻一些，或是再单纯一些，那些批评可能就会把我给毁了。
VERB
杀死，消灭（生病或具危险性的动物）
If an animal is destroyed, it is killed, either because it is ill or because it is dangerous.
例：Lindsay was unhurt but the horse had to be destroyed.林赛没有受伤，但那匹马却不得不被人道毁灭。
v. 破坏（destroy的过去分词）
 - undid, demolished

Word: splurge
Front: splurge
[splɜ:dʒ] (宝 18415/37793)
Vocabulary: splurge
(once / 11554 pages)
vn
To splurge is to indulge yourself. You can also go on a splurge if you spend a lot or act extravagantly in another way.
Anyone might have a cupcake. If you have 10 cupcakes, that's a splurge. When you go on a splurge or are splurging, it usually applies to money. Splurging happens when you see a lot of things you want — or even one very expensive thing — and buy it, even though you might not be able to afford it. When you splurge, you're going wild in some way. A splurge is sometimes called a binge.
WORD FAMILY
splurge: splurged, splurges, splurging
USAGE EXAMPLES
And since it is New Year’s Eve, why not splurge with Champagne and chanterelles!?
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
All told, the whimsical splurge will run a little less than 1 percent more than last year, largely because of slow economic growth.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
However, the Chinese infrastructure splurge was meant in part to offset weak economic growth.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. <非正>乱花钱，糟蹋钱，挥霍
vt. & vi. 乱花（钱），糟蹋（钱），挥霍
时态：splurged, splurging, splurges
分布：挥霍(73%)，炫耀(18%)，乱花(9%)
→可能来自 splash 和 surge 的合成词，或直接来自拟声词，模仿水流的声音，引申比喻义挥霍， 浪费。
【记】spl＝splash（v 溅）＋surge（n 巨浪）－像泼水般花钱－挥霍
US [splɝ:dʒ] informal
verb intransitive or transitive
■to spend a lot of money on buying goods, especially expensive goods; splash out 乱花（钱）；挥霍（尤指购买奢侈品）
• I feel like splurging (out) on a new dress. 我想花大钱买件新衣服。
vi. 挥霍；卖弄
 - piss away, to squander
n. 挥霍；炫耀
 - display, profuseness
vt. 挥霍；夸耀
 - air, sport, consume

Word: romantically
Front: romantically
[rəʊ'mæntɪklɪ] (18493/19297)
Back: adv. 浪漫地
分布：浪漫地(60%)，小说般地(20%)，空想地(20%)
ADJ-GRADED
（人）浪漫的，富于浪漫气息的，有情调的
Someone who is romantic or does romantic things says and does things that make their wife, husband, girlfriend, or boyfriend feel special and loved.
例：When we're together, all he talks about is business. I wish he were more romantic...我们在一起的时候，他总是谈论生意。我希望他能更浪漫一点。
例：They enjoyed a romantic dinner for two at one of their favourite restaurants.他俩在他们最喜欢的一家餐馆里吃了一顿浪漫的二人晚餐。
ADJ
性爱的;和性爱有关的
Romantic means connected with sexual love.
例：...his early romantic experiences...他早期的性爱经历
例：He was not interested in a romantic relationship with Ingrid.他并没有兴趣和英格丽德发生性关系。
ADJ
（戏剧、电影或故事）关于爱情的，浪漫的
A romantic play, film, or story describes or represents a love affair.
例：It is a lovely romantic comedy, well worth seeing.这是一部温馨的爱情喜剧，非常值得一看。
例：...romantic novels.爱情小说
ADJ-GRADED
(观点等)不现实的，不切实际的，空想的
If you say that someone has a romantic view or idea of something, you are critical of them because their view of it is unrealistic and they think that thing is better or more exciting than it really is.
例：He has a romantic view of rural society...他对农村的看法不切实际。
例：I don't have any romantic notions about having a baby. It's a really tough job.我对生孩子并没有抱任何幻想。这的确是件很不容易的事情。
ADJ-GRADED
（事物）浪漫的，富有浪漫色彩的，充满浪漫气息的
Something that is romantic is beautiful in a way that strongly affects your feelings.
例：Seacliff House is one of the most romantic ruins in Scotland.海崖城堡是苏格兰最富有浪漫色彩的遗迹之一。
例：...romantic images from travel brochures.旅行手册上充满浪漫色彩的图片
ADJ
浪漫主义的（描述18、19世纪注重抒发个人情感的艺术运动）
Romantic means connected with the artistic movement of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries which was concerned with the expression of the individual's feelings and emotions.
例：...the poems and prose of the English romantic poets.英国浪漫主义诗人的诗歌和散文
adv. 浪漫地；不切实际地
 - unrealistically, idealistically

Word: superhighway
Front: superhighway
[ˌsu:pəˈhaɪweɪ] (18583/-)
Back: n. 信息高速公路
分布：超级高速公路(100%)
US [-pɚ-] US
noun countable
■a large, wide road on which traffic travels at high speed （超级）高速公路

Word: perky
Front: perky
[ˈpɜ:ki] (宝 18469/21859)
Vocabulary: perky
(once / 10765 pages)
adj
If you are a perky person, you are upbeat, lively and positive. A perky friend would be the one who's always up for games and activities and constantly declaring, "Hey guys, this is fun!"
Perky is an adjective traditionally used to describe women or girls, like its synonym bubbly. Perky people tend to have lots of energy. They're always smiling and have a generally cheerful disposition. The enthusiasm of perky can be contagious — soon, you'll also be perky, unless you need a quiet, calm or somber moment. In that case, all that happy chatter can quickly become very annoying.
WORD FAMILY
perky: perkier, perkiest, perkily, perkiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
That fragility persists in her but it is fighting a losing battle today with her perky playfulness.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
The role allowed her “to bare a steely edge beneath her famously perky exterior,” People magazine said in 1997.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
After failing to interest two prospective buyers in a house, the rigidly perky Carolyn closes the blinds and falls briefly to pieces.
Slate(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 得意扬扬的; 神气的; 活泼的; 有生气的
级别：perkier, perkiest
分布：得意洋洋的(65%)，活泼的(35%)
→来自古英语perquer,栖息，休息，词源同perch.原指鸟栖息或整理羽毛，引申词义休息好的，兴奋的，有精力的。
【记】per所有，ky＝key－有了所有开GRE题库的钥匙－洋洋得意的
US ['pɝ:-] adjective
■happy and full of energy 快活的；活跃的；生气勃勃的
• You look very perky this morning. 今天早上你看来容光焕发。
adj. 神气的；得意洋洋的；自信的；活泼的
 - confident, alive, lively, activated

Word: profiling
Front: profiling
[ˈprəʊfaɪlɪŋ] (18488/-)
Back: n. 压型
v. 扼要介绍( profile的现在分词 ); 给…画侧面图; 描…的轮廓; 用数字图表（或量变曲线）表示
分布：程序概要分析(67%)，动词profile的现在分词形式.(33%)
→来自profile,画出轮廓，概括，-ing,名词后缀。特殊用法。
US ['proʊ-] noun uncountable
■the activity of collecting information about someone, especially a criminal, in order to give a description of them 罪犯特征分析
⇒ See also psychological profile
n. 压型； [机] 仿形切削
 - copying

Word: disapproving
Front: disapproving
[ˌdɪsəˈpru:vɪŋ] (18450/15928 -K)
Vocabulary: disapproving
(once / 5011 pages)
adj
If you're disapproving, you have a negative opinion about something. A disapproving frown from a favorite teacher is often enough to make a boisterous first grader sit down quietly.
Your mom's disapproving look at the dinner table might mean "Put your napkin in your lap," or "Don't talk about politics in front of Uncle Bill." Something that's disapproving conveys or expresses criticism or displeasure. Disapproving combines the prefix dis-, "the opposite of," with approving. from the Latin approbare, "to assent to or regard as good."
WORD FAMILY
disapproving: disapprovingly+/approbative: approbatively/ approval: approvals/ approve: approbative, approbatory, approval, approved, approver, approves, approving, disapprove /approver: approvers/approving: approvingly/ disapproval: disapprovals/ disapprove: disapproval, disapproved, disapproves, disapproving
USAGE EXAMPLES
In early 2001 President George W. Bush signed a CRA resolution passed by a largely Republican Congress, disapproving the rule.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Americans are evenly split on Trump’s transition so far, with 48 percent approving and 48 percent disapproving, according to a Gallup poll last week.
Washington Post(Dec 17, 2016)
Vegan acquaintances have told her about being forwarded such articles from disapproving friends and family members, she said.
Washington Times(Oct 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 不满的，反对的
v. 不赞成( disapprove的现在分词 )
分布：不赞成(100%)
adjective
■showing that you feel something or someone is bad or wrong 表示反对的，表示不赞成的
• a disapproving look 不赞成的神色
adj. 反对的；不赞成的
 - anti, averse
v. 不赞成；不同意（disapprove的ing形式）
 - dissenting

Word: neckline
Front: neckline
[ˈneklaɪn] (18466/23244)
Back: n. （女装的）领口，开领
分布：领口(86%)，领圈(14%)
noun countable
■the shape made by the edge of a dress or shirt at the front of the neck or on the chest 领口，开领
• She wore a dress with a plunging neckline (= one showing part of her breasts). 她穿了一件V字领的低胸连衣裙。

Word: percolate
Front: percolate
[ˈpɜ:kəleɪt] (托宝 18498/20953)
Vocabulary: percolate
(once / 7177 pages)
1vn 2v
When something percolates, it spreads gradually. If the news of your victory in the spelling bee spread slowly through your entire school, you could sit back and enjoy watching it percolate.
When a liquid percolates, it's filtered through something, and when an idea percolates, it's filtered through a group of people. Percolate often refers specifically to coffee, which is brewed by mixing ground coffee beans with hot water and filtering them through paper — in other words, coffee percolates. The Latin root is percolatus, which comes from per, or "through," plus colare, "to strain."
WORD FAMILY
percolate: percolated, percolates, percolating, percolation, percolator+/ percolation: percolations/percolator: percolators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Though Mr. Sanders in now back on Capitol Hill, his organization is still percolating, and fundraising for progressive causes.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
It brings a smile as it percolates from my subconscious.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
But her campaign is still percolating with vigor, now recalibrated to revise the election narrative.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: vi. 滤; 渗透; （思想等）渗透; 渗入
vt. （用渗滤壶）煮（咖啡）; 渗滤
时态：percolated, percolating, percolates
分布：渗透(55%)，过滤(25%)，浸透(20%)
→来自拉丁语percolare,过滤，渗透，来自per-,通过，colum,筛子，筛选，词源同colander,coliform.
渗滤,渗透[col=strain(排水)]
【记】per向四面八方，colate过滤－过滤
【参】colander（n 滤器）col共同，ander＝under：所有的东西都掉下去－漏勺
US ['pɝ:-] verb
LIQUID 液体
intransitive
■If a liquid percolates, it moves slowly through a substance with very small holes in it 渗透，渗漏，渗入
• Sea water percolates down through the rocks. 海水透过岩石渗漏下去。
intransitive or transitive
■to make coffee using a machine in which hot water passes through crushed coffee beans into a container below （用渗滤式咖啡壶）滤煮（咖啡）
UK ['pɜ:.kəl.eɪt] US ['pɝ:-] verb
INFORMATION 资讯
intransitive
■to spread slowly 扩散；流传
• The news has begun to percolate through the staff. 消息开始在员工中传开来。
vi. 过滤；渗出；浸透
 - filtrate, water logging
vt. 使渗出；使过滤
 - exude
n. 滤过液；渗出液
 - transduate, diffusate

Word: herder
Front: herder
['hɜ:də] (托 18448/43580)
Back: n. 牧者，牧人
分布：牧人(82%)，牧主(9%)，牧工(9%)
n. 牧人；（美俚）监狱看守
 - gaoler, wrangler

Word: smallmouth
Front: smallmouth
['smɔ:lmaʊθ] (18416/-)
Back: n. 小口黑鲈; 小嘴

Word: yer
Front: yer
[jə(r)] (18293/7492)
Back: <美俚>你的，你们的
分布：年有效利率(100%)
US [jɚ] informal
determiner
■your 你的；你们的
• Get yer hands off me! 拿开你的手！

Word: evince
Front: evince
[ɪˈvɪns] (托宝 18444/20565)
Vocabulary: evince
(once / 884 pages)
v
The verb evince means to show or express clearly; to make plain. Evidence can evince the innocence of the accused, and tears can evince the grief of the mourning.
Evince is a rather formal word that reveals the presence of something hidden — usually a feeling. So, if you are happy, your smile might evince your happiness. And if you are angry, the skull and crossbones on your tee shirt might evince your anger. Evincing is about expressing. If you are keeping your feelings inside, there's not a lot of evincing going on.
WORD FAMILY
evince: evinced, evinces, evincing
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is truly frightening that half the people and the president-elect evince little concern about the rule of law.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
Mary Todd Lincoln’s fiery independence and abolitionist agenda, along with her designs for refurbishing a decaying White House during the Civil War, evinced harsh criticism.
Time(Dec 22, 2016)
O’Connor was often maddening for liberals because she evinced few regrets over her vote in Bush v.
Slate(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: vt. 表明，标示
时态：evinced, evincing, evinces
分布：表明(63%)，表示(37%)
→e-, 向外。-vince,胜利，词源同victory,convince. 词义与evict在18世纪前没有差别，后指显示，表明。
表明,表示(e出+vinc+e克服障碍,表达感情→表明[态度])[vict,vinc=conquer,overcome,表示"征服,克服"]
【记】e出，vince＝vict征服－站出来用语言征服你－表明（事实等）
【参】evincible（adj 容易征服的；易于克服的）
【反】conceal（v 隐藏）；keep hidden（隐藏）
[ɪ'vɪnts] formal
verb transitive
■to make obvious or show clearly 表露，表明；显示
• They have never evinced any readiness or ability to negotiate. 他们从未表露出任何谈判的意愿和能力。
• In all the years I knew her, she never evinced any desire to do such a thing. 我认识她这么多年，她从未要求过要做这种事。
vt. 表明，表示；引起
 - indicate, attract, produce, bid, cause

Word: rhythmically
Front: rhythmically
['rɪðmɪklɪ] (18472/19929)
Vocabulary: rhythmically
(once / 9793 pages)
adv
To do something rhythmically is to do it in a repeating, almost musical way. If you’re washing a huge pile of dishes, you might notice yourself moving rhythmically as you wash, rinse, and repeat.
Music has rhythm, a repeating pattern of beats. To do something rhythmically is to do it in a way that includes or resembles the beat of music. The clanking and banging sounds of a factory might repeat rhythmically. To dance is to move rhythmically. A well-executed play in football or basketball could be performed rhythmically. This word suggests both skill and repetition.
WORD FAMILY
rhythmical: rhythmically, unrhythmical+/ rhythm: rhythmic, rhythmical, rhythms/rhythmic: nonrhythmic, rhythmicity, unrhythmic/unrhythmic: unrhythmically
USAGE EXAMPLES
The centerpieces are piano concertos: two by Haydn and Ligeti’s uproarious, rhythmically knotty contribution to the genre.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
His shows included orbs of rhythmically pulsating light.
Seattle Times(Dec 06, 2016)
I imagined someone with buckteeth rhythmically biting deep into my stomach walls and letting go.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
Back: adv. 有节奏地
分布：有节奏地(100%)
ADJ-GRADED
有节奏的;有韵律的
A rhythmic movement or sound is repeated at regular intervals, forming a regular pattern or beat.
例：Good breathing is slow, rhythmic and deep.健康的呼吸方式缓慢深沉而有节奏。
例：...the rhythmical beat of the drum.有节奏的鼓声

Word: detonation
Front: detonation
[ˌdetəˈneɪʃn] (宝 18461/25950)
Vocabulary: detonation
(once / 7797 pages)
n
A detonation is an explosion, usually done on purpose. Nuclear weapons cause massive detonations, and cities sometimes plan a careful detonation of an abandoned building in order to make room for a new structure.
Detonation can be two things: the actual moment someone presses the button that creates the explosion, and then there’s the explosion itself. Its root word is the Latin detonare, which means “thunder down,” and if you’ve ever heard a detonation you understand that phrase well. Not all detonations are bad — like beautiful fireworks or the hilarious detonation of an exploding cigar.
WORD FAMILY
detonation: detonations+/ detonate: detonated, detonates, detonating, detonation, detonative, detonator/detonator: detonators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Almost a year later, another detonation gutted the area again.
Reuters(Dec 20, 2016)
The Antarctic Treaty banned the detonation of all nuclear weapons and dedicated this frozen landscape as a space for peaceful research.
The Guardian(Dec 16, 2016)
The attacks included the detonation of a bomb in Manhattan’s Chelsea neighborhood that injured 30 people.
Seattle Times(Nov 16, 2016)
Back: n. 爆炸 （声）
分布：爆炸(71%)，引爆(17%)，爆炸声(12%)
US [ˌdetˌ-] noun countable or uncountable
■when something is detonated 引爆，起爆
• Underground nuclear detonations are believed to have been carried out. 据信已经进行了地下核引爆。
n. 爆炸；爆炸声；爆发
 - blast, burst

Word: plotter
Front: plotter
[ˈplɒtə(r)] (18622/16837)
Back: n. 密谋策划者，搞阴谋的人; 绘图机; 标图员，制图者; 计划者
分布：阴谋者(60%)，计划者(40%)
→来自plot,密谋，阴谋。
US ['plɑ:.tˌɚ] noun countable
PERSON 人
■someone who makes a secret plan to do something wrong, harmful or illegal 阴谋者
UK ['plɒt.ər] US ['plɑ:.tˌɚ] noun countable
EQUIPMENT 设备
■a piece of equipment which marks things, such as the position of a ship or aircraft, on a map or piece of paper 绘图机，描绘器
n. [测] 绘图机；阴谋者，策划者
 - drawing machine, conspirator

Word: unknowingly
Front: unknowingly
[ʌn'nəʊɪŋlɪ] (18509/20091)
Back: adv. 不知不觉地
分布：不知不觉地(100%)
ADV
未意识到地；不知不觉地；无意中
If someone does something unknowingly, they do it without being aware of it.
例：...if people unknowingly move into more contaminated areas of the river.如果人们在不知情的情况下搬到了河流污染更严重的地区
例：...the extent to which the workforce colludes knowingly or unknowingly with such criminal activity...在何种程度上职工有意或无意地参与到这样的犯罪活动中
adv. 不知不觉地
 - unwittingly, unawares

Word: lark
Front: lark
[lɑ:k] (宝 18477/11966 -1)
Vocabulary: lark
(once / 832 pages)
1n 2nv
A lighthearted, fun episode is a lark. You could describe the wonderful day you spent with friends exploring little fishing towns along the coast of Maine as a lark.
Often unplanned, a lark can happen when you are feeling adventurous. You might decide on a lark to audition for a reality show — and be picked! The act of trying something new like this can also be called larking. A lark is also a kind of songbird. Using lark to describe carefree fun might come from 1800s sailors' slang, skylark, to describe playing in the rigging of the ship, up high like a lark.
WORD FAMILY
lark: larked, larking, larks
USAGE EXAMPLES
Republican leaders are quick to note that, while Garland appears to be qualified, his name is an anagram for “Rancid Lark Germ.”
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
“Oh, they were as happy as larks,” she remembered, smiling.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Lark Gould produces Travel-Intel, a weekly travel news and destination publication for the travel industry.
Washington Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 云雀，百灵鸟; <口>玩笑，嬉戏
vi. 捉云雀; 嬉戏
时态：larked, larking, larks
分布：云雀(47%)，百灵鸟(30%)，嬉戏(17%)，玩笑(6%)
→词源不详。
【记】源于：lark（n 百灵鸟）喜欢嬉戏的鸟。源于：lake。在湖边嬉戏。
US [lɑ:rk] noun countable
BIRD 鸟 (also skylark)
■a small brown bird which is known for its beautiful singing 云雀，百灵鸟
UK [lɑ:k] US [lɑ:rk] noun countable
ACTIVITY 活动 informal
■an activity done for a joke, which is slightly bad but is not intended to cause serious harm or damage 嬉闹；玩笑
• The kids hid their teacher's bike for a lark. 孩子们闹着玩把老师的自行车藏了起来。
this ... lark informal
■a way of referring to an activity or a situation that you are not enjoying 这种…气氛，这种…活动（表示不喜欢）
• I don't really think I'm suited to this marriage lark. 我觉得自己并不适合这段婚姻。
• I've had enough of this commuting lark. 这种通勤方式我可受够了。
UK [lɑ:k] US [lɑ:rk] noun countable
be up with the lark mainly UK
■to get out of bed very early in the morning 清晨早起；鸡鸣即起
UK [lɑ:k] US [lɑ:rk] noun countable
Bugger/Sod, etc. this for a lark! UK offensive
■used to show that you are extremely annoyed or bored with an activity and that you will not continue doing it 受够了！不干了！
• I'd been waiting for him for an hour and I thought, sod this for a lark - I'm going home! 我已经等了他一个小时了，心想这样等下去我可不干——我要回家了！
UK [lɑ:k] US [lɑ:rk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  lark about/around informal
■to behave in a silly or playful way 傻玩，胡闹，嬉戏
• I was woken up by a couple of drunks larking around with a dustbin in the street. 我被街上几个醉鬼踢弄垃圾桶的嬉闹声吵醒了。
• We were just larking about - we didn't mean to do any damage. 我们当时只是在闹着玩——并不想搞破坏。
n. 云雀；百灵鸟；欢乐
 - joy, festival
vt. 愚弄
 - befool, assify

Word: third-generation
Front: third-generation
None None
Back: 第三代移动通信技术的

Word: forty-six
Front: forty-six
None None
Back: 四十六
分布：四十六(100%)

Word: chainsaw
Front: chainsaw
[ˈtʃeɪnsɔ:] (18443/22605)
Vocabulary: chainsaw
(once / 57656 pages)
n
A chainsaw is a power tool that can quickly cut through tree trunks and branches. If a tree falls during a storm, blocking your driveway, you can cut it into pieces with a chainsaw.
While a hand saw works by being manually pulled back and forth, cutting wood with its sharp metal teeth, a chainsaw's cutting power comes from a metal chain that rotates around the blade. Most chainsaws have a small gasoline-powered motor and are very portable. The original chainsaw was an early 1800s surgical tool used to cut bone; by the 1830s, the word also included saws for cutting wood.
WORD FAMILY
chainsaw: chainsaws
USAGE EXAMPLES
But the chainsaws are usually only let loose on smaller trees, so taxpayers must cough up.
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
Erickson starts up the chainsaw and begins his final cut.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 14, 2016)
“It was like, ‘How do you run a chainsaw?’
Washington Post(Nov 19, 2016)
Back: vt. 用链锯割，<喻>肢解
分布：电锯(100%)
vt. 肢解，用链锯割
 - dismember

Word: superhuman
Front: superhuman
[ˌsu:pəˈhju:mən] (18506/20062)
Back: adj. 超人的; 超出常人能力的; 非凡的; 超常的
分布：超人的(90%)，超出常人的(10%)
→super-,超过，human,人的，人类的。
US [-pɚ-] adjective
■having more powers than, or seeming outside the powers of, a human 超人的，超乎常人的，非凡的
• I'll never get all this work done in a week - I'm not superhuman! 我怎么也不可能在一周之内完成这些工作——我不是超人！
• Thanks to the superhuman efforts of local volunteers, aid is now getting through to the disaster areas. 多亏当地义工的全力以赴，如今救援物资正运抵灾区。
adj. 超人的；人类能力所不能及的；属于神仙的
 - preterhuman
n. 超人
 - suprahuman, mahatma

Word: proclivity
Front: proclivity
[prəˈklɪvəti] (托 18478/22984)
Vocabulary: proclivity
(once / 6169 pages)
n
A proclivity is a natural tendency to like something, such as your sister's proclivity for restaurants that serve hot, spicy food.
When you have a proclivity, it feels automatic — you like what you like; you don't even have to think about it. The origin of the word proclivity supports this feeling. Proclivity comes from the Latin word proclivis, which literally means "sloping forward." You slide toward a proclivity — no effort is needed. You just give in to it, since you're headed in that direction naturally.
WORD FAMILY
proclivity: proclivities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Wilson found Nabokov’s proclivity for punning intolerable and told him so repeatedly.
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
Often eschewing specific advice on how to write, he describes for the reader his own learning, proclivities and habits.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
And the public opposition might explain how the Liberals’ proclivity for consultations hasn’t extended to this matter.
The Guardian(Nov 22, 2016)
Back: n. 倾向，癖性
分布：倾向(67%)，癖性(33%)
→pro-,向前，-cliv,倾斜，词源同acclivity,lean.引申词义倾向，癖好。
倾向性,癖性(pro+cliv倾斜+ity→向前倾斜)[pro-①表示"向前,在前"②表示"很多…"③表示"赞同,亲..."]
倾向;癖好(pro预先＋cliv+ity→先斜好→癖好)[clin,cliv=lean,slope,表示"倾斜,斜坡"]
【记】pro向前，cliv斜坡，ity－向前斜－倾向
【参】acclivity（n 上斜坡）；declivity（n 下斜坡）
【反】aversion（n 厌恶）；antipathy（n 憎恶）；disinclination（n 厌恶）
US [-ə.tˌi] formal
noun countable
■a tendency to do or like something, especially something against moral laws 癖性；（尤指坏的）倾向
• the sexual proclivities of celebrities 名人的性癖好
• his proclivity for shapely blondes 他对身材匀称的金发女郎的偏爱
n. 倾向；癖性
 - tendency, liability, trend, preference, disposition

Word: Nazism
Front: Nazism
['nɑːtsɪz(ə)m] (16387/23216)
Back: n. 纳粹主义
分布：纳粹主义(100%)
N-UNCOUNT
纳粹主义(活动)
Nazism was the political ideas and activities of the German Nazi Party.

Word: hamper
Front: hamper
[ˈhæmpə(r)] (研六托雅宝 9044/8427 -2)
Vocabulary: hamper
(once / 768 pages)
1vn 2n
Anything that hampers slows progress or makes it difficult to do something. You might think that the presence of your parents hampers your ability to look cool.
The verb hamper is for those times when normal progress is slow but not shut down completely. Hamper often describes travel during bad weather, like icy conditions that could hamper holiday travel. Hamper means "slow going." You may have heard of noun form of hamper, a container for holding dirty laundry: If your hamper is full, the need to do laundry could hamper your plans of going out and having fun.
WORD FAMILY
hamper: hampered, hampering, hampers+/hampered: unhampered
USAGE EXAMPLES
Penn State trailed by as many as 13 points, hampered by interceptions on McSorley’s first two passes of the game.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
A splintered internet would hamper its role as a remarkable innovation engine.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
But he suggests that a government might justifiably hamper international trade, or subsidize an ailing industry, in order to sustain particular communities and particular jobs.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. 妨碍，束缚，限制; 使困累
n. （有盖的）大篮子; 阻碍物，足械; [航]船具
时态：hampered, hampering, hampers
分布：妨碍(80%)，阻止(14%)，大篮子(6%)
→来自古法语hanap,杯子，酒杯，后引申词义装杯子的大篮子。防碍义词源不详，参照习语basket case,困境。
v.妨碍,阻碍,牵制He was hampered by his raincoat.他因雨衣碍手碍脚而行动不自如.
【记】用hammer锤你－阻挠，妨碍
【反】facilitate（v 促进）；seminal（adj 种子的；精液的）－hampering further development（阻碍进一步发展的）
US [-pɚ] verb transitive
■to prevent someone doing something easily 阻碍，妨碍
• Fierce storms have been hampering rescue efforts and there is now little chance of finding more survivors. 猛烈的暴风雨妨碍了救援工作的进行，现在找到更多生还者的希望已经很渺茫了。
UK ['hæm.pər] US [-pɚ] noun countable
■a large rectangular container with a lid 有盖的长方形大容器
• a picnic hamper 野餐盒
■UK
■a box containing food and drink, usually given as a present, for example at Christmas （通常作为礼品、装有食品和酒的）食品盒
US old-fashioned
■a container used for carrying dirty clothes and bed sheets and for storing them while they are waiting to be washed （盛放脏衣物的）洗衣篮
hamper, hinder, block, prevent, bar, obstruct
这组词都有“阻止、阻塞”的意思，其区别是：
hamper: 侧重因受到约束或阻碍而造成的行动困难。
hinder: 语气较轻，多指阻碍、拖延人或事，强调使进展速度缓慢下来。
block: 语气强烈，指有效堵住了通道，使人或物无法通过。
prevent: 含义广泛，指采取预防措施或设置障碍去阻止某人或某事。
bar: 含义与block很接近，指阻塞通道或禁止出入，但有对暗示不用障碍物的阻止或禁止。
obstruct: 正式用词，语气强，多指以干扰或设置障碍的方式阻碍交通，使不能自由畅通。
vt. 妨碍；束缚；使困累
 - let, chain, bound
n. 食盒，食篮；阻碍物
 - hindrance, incumbrance

Word: bed
Vocabulary: bed
(once / 33 pages)
1nv 2nv 3n
Your bed is the piece of furniture you sleep on at night. One of a babysitter's most important tasks is telling kids when it's time to get into their beds.
The bed you get into at bedtime is different from the garden bed you dig each spring, preparing to plant seeds. Another kind of bed is the one made of straw or hay that's tucked inside a barn and intended for animals to sleep on. A truck also has a bed — the open rear part you can fill with goods. To bed, or "bed down," is to put someone to bed or climb into bed yourself.
WORD FAMILY
bed: bedded, bedding, bedless, beds+/ bedding: beddings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Prosecutors say Shockley threw the baby on a bed, slapped the child and bit him on the shoulder.
Washington Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Wednesday, saying his mom and younger brother were dead and his father placed a gun in his bed before leaving the house.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
He decorated his apartment with a sofa bed, a chair and a coffee table.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)

Word: cooperating
Front: cooperating
[kəʊ'ɒpəreɪtɪŋ] (18495/-)
Back: adj. 共同运转的，协同操作的
v. 合作，配合，协助( cooperate的现在分词 )
分布：共同运转的(75%)，动词cooperate的现在分词形式.(25%)
V-RECIP
合作;协作
If you co-operate with someone, you work with them or help them for a particular purpose. You can also say that two people co-operate .
例：The UN had been co-operating with the State Department on a plan to find countries willing to take the refugees...联合国一直都在与美国国务院合作推进一项计划，寻找愿意接纳难民的国家。
例：The couple spoke about how they would co-operate in the raising of their child...这对夫妇讲述了他们将如何共同抚养孩子。
VERB
合作;配合
If you co-operate, you do what someone has asked or told you to do.
例：He agreed to co-operate with the police investigation...他同意配合警方的调查。
例：The plan failed because the soldiers refused to co-operate.因为士兵们不肯合作，这项计划宣告失败。
adj. 合作的；协同操作的；共同运转的
 - coefficient, collaborative
v. 合作；促成（cooperate的ing形式）
 - teaming

Word: laborious
Front: laborious
[ləˈbɔ:riəs] (托雅 18512/14158 -1)
Vocabulary: laborious
(once / 714 pages)
adj
Laborious describes something that requires a lot of hard work, such as Victor Frankenstein’s laborious undertaking of digging graves to find monster parts.
Laborious comes from the familiar word for work, labor, which doesn’t veer far from its roots in Old French meaning "exertion of the body," and from Latin “toil, pain, exertion, fatigue.” Anything that requires blood, sweat, and tears is laborious, and while it’s usually a good thing to work hard, laborious can also describe something over-thought, such as the heavy-handed plot of a bad TV show. Think labor plus boring, said like an old-fashioned English aristocrat: luh-bohr-ee-uhs.
WORD FAMILY
laborious: laboriously, laboriousness+/ labor: labored, laborer, laboring, laborious, labors/ labored: laboredly/ laborer: laborers
USAGE EXAMPLES
To understand this laborious season, notice how awkward easy looks on them.
Washington Post(Dec 24, 2016)
Cleanup is laborious, often involving deleting single lines of code throughout a website’s infrastructure, and expensive.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Asked about the laborious process, they both laughed.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 费力的; 勤劳的; 辛苦的
分布：艰苦的(70%)，费劲的(30%)
→来自labor,劳动，辛劳。
辛苦的,吃力的(labor+ious→劳动的→辛苦的)[labor=labor,表示"劳动"]
US [-'bɔ:r.i-] adjective
■needing a lot of time and effort 耗时费力的；艰巨的，艰难的
• a laborious task 艰巨的任务
adj. 勤劳的；艰苦的；费劲的
 - tough, trying, rough

Word: abysmal
Front: abysmal
[əˈbɪzməl] (宝 18494/19503)
Vocabulary: abysmal
(once / 7346 pages)
adj
If you want to say something is really, really bad — then call it abysmal. If one person shows up to your party, well then that is an abysmal turnout. The 1958 Ford Edsel? An abysmal failure.
When someone describes the hole you just dug as abysmal, you may not know whether to take it as positive or negative feedback. That's because starting in the 1650s, abysmal simply meant “resembling an abyss in depth.” By that definition you've just received a compliment on your deep digging skills. But since the early twentieth century, abysmal has been more commonly used to identify something as "extremely bad." So it's more likely that your hole has just been insulted.
WORD FAMILY
abysmal: abysmally+/abysm: abysmal, abysms
USAGE EXAMPLES
The first two quarters of the day were abysmal, which led to Washington trailing, 10-0, by the half.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The politics of fixing Maryland’s email abuses are abysmal.
Washington Post(Nov 11, 2016)
It was also a chance to reset the front office expectations and opinions of him following his abysmal 2015.
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: adj. 深不可测的; 完全的; 极糟的; 深海的
adv. 极糟地; 可怕地; 完全地; 极端地
分布：深不可测的(44%)，完全的(30%)，极坏的(26%)
→abyss的最高级形容词形式。-m, 最高级后缀。在宗教用语指地狱。
【记】该词源于abyss n 深渊，深坑。发音酷似我必死。背GRE单词是很痛苦的一件事情，一旦想不开，跳崖自尽，必死无疑！因为你不是张无忌，也不是小龙女！！
adjective
■very bad 极坏的；糟透的
• abysmal working conditions 恶劣的工作环境
• The food was abysmal. 食物糟透了。
• The standard of the students' work is abysmal. 学生的作业水准极差。
adj. 深不可测的；糟透的；极度的
 - excessive, extreme

Word: smoothness
Front: smoothness
[smu:ðnəs] (18492/18682)
Back: n. 平滑; 流畅; 平静; 平稳
分布：平滑(70%)，柔滑(15%)，平坦(15%)
ADJ-GRADED
光滑的;平滑的
A smooth surface has no roughness, lumps, or holes.
例：...a rich cream that keeps skin soft and smooth.能让皮肤永葆柔嫩光滑的营养霜
例：...a smooth surface such as glass...如玻璃般光滑的表面
ADJ-GRADED
稠度均匀的;细腻匀和的;不结块的
A smooth liquid or mixture has been mixed well so that it has no lumps.
例：Continue whisking until the mixture looks smooth and creamy...一直搅拌，直至混合物变得均匀细腻。
例：Blend the cornflour to a smooth paste with a little cold water.加入少量的凉水，将玉米粉搅拌成均匀的糊状。
ADJ-GRADED
(葡萄酒、威士忌或咖啡等)醇和的，不烈的，不苦的
If you describe a drink such as wine, whisky, or coffee as smooth, you mean that it is not bitter and is pleasant to drink.
例：This makes the whiskeys much smoother.这样一来，威士忌就醇和多了。
ADJ-GRADED
(动作等)平稳的，流畅的
A smooth line or movement has no sudden breaks or changes in direction or speed.
例：This exercise is done in one smooth motion.这个练习一气呵成。
例：...the smooth curve of the trunk.树干流畅的曲线
ADJ-GRADED
(骑马、航行等)平稳的，顺顺当当的
A smooth ride, flight, or sea crossing is very comfortable because there are no unpleasant movements.
例：The active suspension system gives the car a very smooth ride.这个主动悬架系统使汽车行驶起来非常平稳。
ADJ-GRADED
顺利的
You use smooth to describe something that is going well and is free of problems or trouble.
例：Political hopes for a swift and smooth transition to democracy have been dashed...迅速而顺利地过渡到民主体制的政治希望破灭了。
例：A number of problems marred the smooth running of this event.一些问题搅乱了这一事件的顺利进展。
ADJ-GRADED
故作殷勤有礼的;精明圆滑的;圆通的
If you describe a man as smooth, you mean that he is extremely smart, confident, and polite, often in a way that you find rather unpleasant.
例：Twelve extremely good-looking, smooth young men have been picked as finalists...12 名特别漂亮精明的青年男子被选为参加决赛的选手。
例：He was the smoothest and probably the most powerful chief of staff in political memory.在人们关于政治人物的记忆里，他是最精明、可能也是最有权势的参谋长。
VERB
抚平;抹平
If you smooth something, you move your hands over its surface to make it smooth and flat.
例：She stood up and smoothed down her frock...她站起身，抹平了裙子。
例：Bardo smoothed his moustache.巴多抚了抚胡子。
VERB
抹;捋
If you smooth something somewhere, you use your hands to spread it there.
例：She smoothed the lotion across his shoulder blades...她在他的肩胛骨上抹了乳液。
例：His fingers smoothed the hair back from her face.他用手把她脸上的头发捋到脑后。
PHRASE
铺平道路;促进
If you smooth the path or smooth the way towards something, you make it easier or more likely to happen.
例：Their talks were aimed at smoothing the path towards a treaty to limit long-range weapons.他们的会谈旨在为缔结限制远程武器条约铺平道路。
PHRASE
既能享乐也能吃苦;是好是歹一起承受
If you say that someone has to take the rough with the smooth, you mean that they have to accept the unpleasant or difficult things that happen as well as the pleasant things.
n. 平滑；柔滑；平坦
 - flatness, evenness

Word: squelch
Front: squelch
[skweltʃ] (宝 18514/25563)
Vocabulary: squelch
(once / 8874 pages)
vn
When you squelch something, you're putting an end to it. You can squelch an idea or a rebellion.
This word has several meanings, but it's usually a verb for crushing things. A mean remark could squelch your self-confidence, and a powerful military could squelch an invading country. Squelching can also mean to make a squelch-like sucking sound — or to slop, slosh, splash, and squish through the mud. There's also a type of electric circuit that cuts off when the signal is weak: that's a squelch circuit, which squelches the connection.
WORD FAMILY
squelch: squelched, squelcher, squelches, squelching+/squelcher: squelchers
USAGE EXAMPLES
As the online campaign spiraled this week, authorities scrambled to squelch discussion.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Music is muted — the grisly snap of bones and squelch of peeling flesh predominate — while the camera maintains a cool, observational stillness.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Democracy depends on a free and independent press, which is why all tyrants try to squelch it.
Salon(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: vi. 发吧唧声，发扑哧声
vt. <美>制止; 压制; 遏制; 限制
时态：squelched, squelching, squelches
分布：镇压(44%)，嘎吱声(19%)，压扁(19%)，静噪电路(9%)，发出嘎吱声(9%)
→来自拟声词根 squ-,挤，压，模仿挤压湿物体时发出的吧唧声。引申比喻义制止，镇压。
【记】squ压，elch：镇压
【反】foment（v 煽动）；kindle（vt 点燃；煽动）
verb
SOUND 声音
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to make a sucking sound like the one produced when you are walking on soft wet ground （如走在湿软土地上似的）发吧唧声，发扑哧声
• He got out of the car and squelched through the mud to open the gate. 他下了车，扑哧扑哧地穿过泥地去开大门。
[skweltʃ] verb
STOP 制止
transitive US
■to quickly end something that is causing you problems （迅速）制止，遏制
• A spokeswoman at the White House has squelched rumors about the president's ill-health. 白宫一位女发言人迅速澄清了总统健康状况不佳的谣言。
transitive US
■to silence someone by criticizing them （厉言）把…嘴巴堵住，使不再出声
• The senator thoroughly squelched the journalist who tried to interrupt him during his speech. 参议员完全堵住了那个想在他讲话时插嘴的记者。
[skweltʃ] noun countable usually singular
■a sucking sound like the one produced when you are walking on soft wet ground （如走在湿软土地上似的）发吧唧声，发扑哧声
• As the hikers walked down the path by the house, she could hear the squelch of their boots in the mud. 徒步旅行者们从房子旁的小径走过时，她能听见他们的靴子吧唧吧唧踩在泥里的声音。
vt. 消除；镇压；压碎；使…咯吱咯吱的响
 - eliminate, avoid, suppress
n. 噪声控制；嘎吱声；压倒对方的反驳；压碎的一堆
 - crump

Word: livable
Front: livable
['lɪvəbəl] (18500/-)
Vocabulary: livable
(once / 21648 pages)
adj
Something livable is habitable — in other words, it's nice enough to live in. Your first apartment might not be beautiful or spacious, but it's livable.
A renter might make her little house more livable by hanging curtains and painting the dark walls in lighter colors, and an animal shelter might need to make their kennels more livable for dogs, with soft beds and plenty of fresh water. Another way to use this adjective is to mean "worth living," as when you say, "Even when my job isn't going well, my family makes life livable."
WORD FAMILY
livable: livably+/ live: livable, liveable, lived, liveness, living, livingly, relive, unlive/ living: livings, non-living, nonliving/relive: relived, relives, reliving/unlive: unlivable, unliveable, unlived, unliving
USAGE EXAMPLES
As you would expect, it’s not looking good for those of us concerned about a habitable climate and livable cities.
Salon(Dec 19, 2016)
“Companies looking for talent are looking for folks who want to be in these walkable, livable environments.”
Washington Times(Dec 16, 2016)
She realized that almost any Manhattan neighborhood would be livable: No matter where she was, she would never be lacking in conveniences.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 适于居住的; （某事物）可忍受的; （生活条件，工作条件等）有生活价值的
分布：形容词(100%)
adjective
PLACE 地方 (ALSO UK liveable) (livable in)
■If a building or place is livable, it is suitable or good for living in 适宜居住的
• It's not a luxurious apartment by any means but it's livable in. 这套公寓虽算不上豪华，但很适合居住。
• It was rated the most livable city in the States. 它被评为美国最适合居住的城市。
['lɪv.ə.bl] adjective
LIFE 生活 (also liveable)
■able to be lived 可以生活的，可以过活的
• These are the basic requirements that make life livable. 这些是维持生活的基本要求。
adj. 适于居住的；生活过得有价值的
 - liveable, inhabitable

Word: three-pointer
Front: three-pointer
[θri: ˈpɔɪntə] None
Back: n. 三分球
分布：三分球(100%)

Word: evolved
Front: evolved
[ɪ'vɒlvd] (18483/24367)
Back: v. 演变，进化( evolve的过去式和过去分词 ); （动植物等 ）进化，进化形成
分布：进化的(91%)，动词evolve的过去式和过去分词.(9%)
VERB
进化；演变
When animals or plants evolve, they gradually change and develop into different forms.
例：The bright plumage of many male birds has evolved to attract females...很多雄鸟进化出鲜艳的羽毛是为了吸引雌鸟。
例：Maize evolved from a wild grass in Mexico.玉米是从墨西哥的一种野生禾本植物进化而来的。
V-ERG
（使）逐步发展;（使）演化
If something evolves or you evolve it, it gradually develops over a period of time into something different and usually more advanced.
例：...a tiny airline which eventually evolved into Pakistan International Airlines...最终发展成巴基斯坦国际航空公司的一家小型航空公司
例：Popular music evolved from folk songs...流行音乐从民歌演变而来。

Word: rejuvenate
Front: rejuvenate
[rɪˈdʒu:vəneɪt] (六托宝 18505/19775 -1)
Vocabulary: rejuvenate
(once / 5009 pages)
1v 2v 3v
When you make something young again or give it more life and energy, you rejuvenate it. For example, you can often rejuvenate a not-quite-dead plant, bringing it back to health with some water and some TLC.
One way to remember the word rejuvenate is to pick it apart to its heart, the juve. This juve sounds like juvenile — which refers to youth. Add the prefix re, which means "again," and the "ate" suffix, which stands for "do or make." Put them all together and you get "make young again" — the meaning of rejuvenate. We all want to be younger, as witnessed by all the ads for products that promise to rejuvenate us through special cosmetics or foods or exercise equipment.
WORD FAMILY
rejuvenate: rejuvenated, rejuvenates, rejuvenating, rejuvenation +/ rejuvenation: rejuvenations
USAGE EXAMPLES
The populist revolt highlights the need to rejuvenate democratic public discourse, to address the big questions people care about, including moral and cultural issues.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Nova arrived in Pittsburgh rejuvenated by the opportunity for a fresh start.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Though the Pirates faded down the stretch, Nova appeared rejuvenated while working with pitching coach Ray Searage.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vt. 使变得年轻，使恢复活力
vi. 复原，变年轻
时态：rejuvenated, rejuvenating, rejuvenates
分布：变年轻(50%)，使 ... 恢复精神(25%)，使 ... 年轻(25%)
→re-,再，重新，juven-,年青，词源同 juvenile,young.
使返老还童(re重新+juven+ate→重新年轻)[juven=young,表示"年轻"]
【记】源于：juven尤文（图斯），年轻的队员越来越多－返老还童re反复，ju猪，ven＝wen吻，ate：接吻的嘴象猪－小孩的吻
【参】juvenile（adj 年轻的）
verb transitive
■to make someone look or feel young and energetic again 使年轻；使恢复活力；使青春焕发
• She felt rejuvenated by her fortnight in the Bahamas. 在巴哈马群岛度了两周假，她觉得自己变年轻了。
■to make an organization or system more effective, productive and modern by introducing new methods and ideas 使（组织或体制）恢复活力
• He has decided to rejuvenate the team by bringing in a lot of new, young players. 他决定大批引进年轻的新队员，使球队恢复活力。
vt. 使年轻；使更新；使恢复精神；使复原
 - renew, reinstate
vi. 复原；变年轻
 - be cured of, pull round

Word: adhesive
Front: adhesive
[ədˈhi:sɪv] (托宝 17140/12939 -1)
Vocabulary: adhesive
(once / 6022 pages)
adjn
An adhesive is something sticky that holds things together. Use an adhesive to repair a cracked plate.
Adhesive comes from the Latin adhaerere, meaning "stick to," which is precisely what something adhesive does — it sticks to things. An adhesive bonds surfaces together. It's the sticky side on a roll of duct tape that causes it to be so effective. The word can be used to describe both the substance itself: to use an adhesive, for example — or its property of stickiness: an adhesive bandage sticks to the skin.
WORD FAMILY
adhesive: adhesively, adhesiveness, adhesives, nonadhesive+/ adhere: adhered, adherent, adheres, adhering, adhesion, adhesive / adherence: adherences/ adherent: adherence, adherents/ adhesion: adhesions
USAGE EXAMPLES
As most of us are aware, tape purchased at the drugstore is a low-grade adhesive product that loses its stickiness with distressing rapidity.
Salon(Dec 02, 2016)
Back at the State Department, as Raphel’s co-workers watched, plainclothes investigators snapped pictures in her office and put adhesive seals on the doors.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 02, 2016)
It holds three pairs of lashes, includes a mirror and has additional storage space for tweezers, lash adhesive or another small item.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: n. 黏合剂，粘着剂
adj. 可黏着的，黏性的
分布：粘着剂(50%)，有粘性的(30%)，难忘的(20%)
发粘的n.胶带(ad+hes+ive)[her,hes=stick,表示"粘附"]
noun countable or uncountable
■glue 黏合剂，黏着剂
• You'll need a/some strong adhesive to mend that chair. 你需要用一种／一些强力黏合剂来修好这把椅子。
[əd'hi:.sɪv] adjective
■sticky 黏着的；有黏性的
• adhesive tape/paper 胶带／胶纸
n. [胶粘] 粘合剂；胶黏剂
 - binder, binding agent
adj. [物] 粘着的；带粘性的
 - gluey

Word: long-ago
Front: long-ago
['lɒŋə'gəʊ] None
Back: adj. 从前的
分布：从前的(100%)
adj. 从前的
 - former, old-time

Word: amulet
Front: amulet
[ˈæmjʊlət] (宝 18661/26928)
Vocabulary: amulet
(once / 4089 pages)
n
If you rub your pendant while praying to your gods, it sounds like you have an amulet, a necklace or similar item attributed with magical powers.
An amulet is something that wards off evil spells and all manner of bad luck. Often found in undeveloped societies — or Brady Bunch episodes — an amulet acts as a charm to protect its wearer from evil. Often worn close to the heart as a necklace, the word amulet can refer to any a piece of jewelry or other trinket that is kept close to the body and believed to keep evil and danger at bay.
WORD FAMILY
amulet: amulets
USAGE EXAMPLES
Thanks to a mystical amulet, Jim discovers a secret, underground troll civilization that he’s now tasked with protecting.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
We spoke for a long while sitting on his sofa among hanging amulets and towers of books.
Slate(Dec 05, 2016)
The amulet in front belonged to the Mexican singer Chavela Vargas, who gave it to me the night we met in 1992.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: n. 护身符
分布：护身符(100%)
→词源不详。可能同词根am,爱。
【记】a一块，mu拼：木，let让－一块木头让你避邪。尤其是桃木。桃木是可以避邪的，大家在出游的时候就可以买到桃木做的宝剑、斧头和佛珠等避邪物。
US [-jə-] noun countable
■an object worn because it is believed to protect against evil, disease or unhappiness （戴在身上的）护身符，辟邪物
n. 护身符，避邪物
 - periapt, menat

Word: rubbery
Front: rubbery
[ˈrʌbəri] (托 18446/23379)
Vocabulary: rubbery
(once / 35601 pages)
adj
Rubbery things have a tough, flexible texture, like a rubbery playground ball or a rubbery piece of American cheese.
You'll often find the adjective rubbery describing food that's unpleasant to chew, like rubbery pasta or overcooked, rubbery chicken. Things actually made out of rubber are rubbery too, like a rubbery water balloon or the pair of rubbery gloves your grandma uses for gardening. Rubbery comes from rubber, a noun that originally meant "an eraser made from a tropical plant," or in other words, "a thing that rubs."
WORD FAMILY
rubber: rubbered, rubbering, rubberise, rubberize, rubberlike, rubbers, rubbery +/rubberize: rubberized, rubberizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
I wanted to touch his face, to run my hand over his rubbery cheeks.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
It was unremarkable a week later, and green-lipped mussels in a perfectly good galangal and lemongrass broth had been cooked so furiously they were rubbery.
New York Times(Nov 22, 2016)
The song was produced in accordance with the style of the era, with lots of synthesizer and rubbery, overdubbed percussion.
The New Yorker(Nov 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 橡胶似的，有弹性的
分布：有弹性的(78%)，像橡胶的(22%)
→来自 rubber,橡胶，-y,形容词后缀。
US [-ɚ-] adjective
■feeling or bending like rubber 橡胶似的；软的
• My legs felt all rubbery (= weak) after the race. 赛跑结束后我觉得两腿像橡皮捏的一样疲软无力。
adj. 橡胶似的；有弹力的；坚韧的
 - tough, resilient

Word: anachronistic
Front: anachronistic
[əˌnækrə'nɪstɪk] (宝 18484/18565)
Vocabulary: anachronistic
(once / 18526 pages)
adj
Something that's old-fashioned and maybe a little out of place is anachronistic, like a clunky black rotary-dial telephone sitting on a desk beside a sleek new smart-phone (or whatever the new technology when you read this).
The adjective anachronistic comes from the Greek words ana, or "against", and khronos, or "time." It usually refers to something old-fashioned or antique, but it can also mean anything that blatantly clashes with the time in which it is seen. Imagine watching a movie that takes place in the 1700s and seeing one of the characters pull out a cell phone. Any phone, in the context of the movie's time period, would be anachronistic.
WORD FAMILY
anachronistic: anachronistically+/anachronic: anachronism / anachronism: anachronisms, anachronistic
USAGE EXAMPLES
The anachronistic Labor Department needs to be brought into the 21st century.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
The show opened on Christmas Eve and ran until 16 January, and consisted of variety performances, with sketches and comedy that seemed anachronistic even then.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
This has become one of rock music’s defining conditions: it now seems anachronistic and provincial, safely and comfortably mainstream even at its most unruly.
The New Yorker(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 时代错误的
分布：时代错误的(100%)
ADJ-GRADED
落伍的;过时的
You say that something is anachronistic when you think that it is out of date or old-fashioned.
例：Many of its practices seem anachronistic.它的很多习俗显得落伍过时。

Word: gambit
Front: gambit
[ˈgæmbɪt] (18520/20175)
Vocabulary: gambit
(once / 8854 pages)
n
A gambit is a strategic move, often in chess but also in politics or business, where a player sacrifices something up front for future gain.
The noun gambit comes from an Italian word, gambetto, which means “tripping up.” When you make an opening move, offer something, or start a conversation with something that seems self-sacrificing but is really a ploy for greater advantage in the long run, that's a gambit. In chess, a gambit is when you sacrifice a pawn early for better positioning. When you offer to drive the morning carpool, that might be a gambit to get the afternoon shift off.
WORD FAMILY
gambit: gambits
USAGE EXAMPLES
Others detected a more nefarious strategy at work in Putin’s gambit.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Mr. Hogan’s gambit that talking about Israel to Jewish audiences is sufficient to win over my community is misguided.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
It was a gambit to try to block Trump from receiving the 270 electoral votes needed to win the White House.
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 开局让棋法; 策略，诡计
分布：开场白(52%)，策略(48%)
→来自拉丁语gamba, 腿，词源同gambol, gammon。即先走一步，开局。
【记】gam＝game，bit：国际象棋game的前边bit（n 小块；少量）game，bit＝bet：开局让棋法是国际象棋game中的一种bet，要不就是出奇制胜，要不就是惨败！
noun countable
CLEVER ACTION 聪明的行为
■a clever action in a game or other situation which is intended to achieve an advantage and usually involves taking a risk 精心策划的一招；（常指带有风险的）策略；险招
• Her clever opening gambit gave her an early advantage. 她开局就出险招，抢占了先机。
• Their promise to lower taxes is clearly an election-year gambit. 他们降低税收的承诺很显然是大选年的策略。
■specialized
■a way of beginning a game of chess , in which you intentionally lose a pawn (= game piece) in order to win some other form of advantage later （国际象棋中开局时牺牲一卒以取得优势的）开局让棋法
['gæm.bɪt] noun countable
REMARK 话
■a remark that you make to someone in order to start a conversation 开场白
• "I hear you're a friend of Jamie's," was her opening gambit. “我听说你是杰米的朋友，”她搭讪道。
n. 话题；开始；以取得优势的开局棋法；开场白
 - threshold, conception, beginning, fresh, start

Word: sportsmanship
Front: sportsmanship
[ˈspɔ:tsmənʃɪp] (18660/33271)
Vocabulary: sportsmanship
(once / 15019 pages)
n
Sportsmanship is a type of fairness expected of athletes. If you never cheat or act rude while playing a game, you are modeling good sportsmanship.
Sportsmanship has to do with how people play games, not if they win or lose games. You could win and have terrible sportsmanship if you cheated, yelled at the referees, or refused to shake hands after the game. Sportsmanship has to do with fairness and manners; both winners and losers can be good or bad sportsmen. Women show sportsmanship too, of course. If you have good sportsmanship, you respect the game, your teammates, the other team, and the fans too.
WORD FAMILY
sportsman: sportsmanlike, sportsmanship, sportsmen+/sportsmanlike: unsportsmanlike
USAGE EXAMPLES
Three of them are sportsmanship, integrity and character.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Last week, she won the WTA’s sportsmanship award for the fifth time in six years.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
The award recognizes players who best demonstrate the qualities of on-field sportsmanship, including fair play, respect for the game and opponents, and integrity in competition.
Washington Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. 运动员精神; 光明正大; 运动技术; 对运动的爱好
分布：体育精神(80%)，运动员精神(20%)
→sportsman,运动员，-ship,表状态。
US ['spɔ:rts-] noun uncountable
■when you behave in a fair and respectful way towards the opposing team or player when playing sport 运动员风范；体育精神

Word: hideout
Front: hideout
[ˈhaɪdaʊt] (18499/34698)
Vocabulary: hideout
(once / 14812 pages)
n
A hideout is a secret place where someone can take refuge. Criminals or outlaws often lie low in a hideout to avoid being found by the police.
A car thief might use his grandmother's apartment as a hideout to avoid detection. A group of ten year-olds might also have a hideout, a place that's protected from parents, bullies, older siblings, and anyone else who might interfere. Before the first use of hideout, in the 1880s, came the verb phrase hide out, or "hide from authorities," which was coined during the Civil War in reference to draft dodgers.
WORD FAMILY
hideout: hideouts
USAGE EXAMPLES
She even killed a Nazi collaborator who discovered one of the hideouts she used under floorboards.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Shortly thereafter, the Dutchman, who nonetheless suspected that something was awry, returned and discovered the hideout.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Next to the fridge is a trap door to another hideout, to be used in case Batista’s forces had discovered the command center.
Seattle Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 隐匿处
分布：隐匿处(100%)
→hide,隐藏，out,出去。比喻用法。
noun countable
■a secret place where someone can go when they do not want to be found by other people 躲藏处，藏身处
n. 隐匿处
 - nook, concealment

Word: backpacker
Front: backpacker
['bækpækə(r)] (18639/28841)
Vocabulary: backpacker
(once / 49871 pages)
n
A backpacker is a hiker who carries supplies in a backpack. If you hike the Appalachian Trail carrying everything you need on your back, you can call yourself a backpacker.
A backpacker carries her things in a special bag with straps that can easily be worn on her back — a backpack or rucksack. Some backpackers hike through the woods, while others travel from city to city on buses or trains, lugging a backpack along with them. Backpacker comes from backpack, which appeared in the early 20th century as both a noun and a verb.
WORD FAMILY
backpacker: backpackers+/ backpack: backpacked, backpacker, backpacking, backpacks
USAGE EXAMPLES
This year it is 20 years since Alex Garland first published his backpacker classic The Beach.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
That August, two backpackers were killed in separate grizzly-bear attacks during one night at Glacier National Park.
The New Yorker(Oct 11, 2016)
“Black male in short shorts, I’m double suspect,” he rapped, on “Backpackers.”
The New Yorker(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: n. [体]背着背包徒步旅行的人
分布：背包旅行者(100%)
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■a person who travels with a backpack 背包旅行者

Word: disembark
Front: disembark
[ˌdɪsɪmˈbɑ:k] (18513/18924)
Vocabulary: disembark
(once / 2504 pages)
v
Use the verb disembark to describe leaving a ship, airplane or other type of vehicle, like making sure you haven't left anything in the plane's overhead compartment before you disembark.
Embark means "putting passengers in a plane or on a boat." Disembark is its opposite. When you disembark, you leave a ship or a plane, like when you can't wait to disembark at the port in order to go sight-seeing. When you disembark, there is a transition — you walk down a gangplank to go from water to land or down a special corridor to get from the runway to the airport terminal — unlike when you get out of a car. That's why you wouldn't use disembark for getting out of a car.
WORD FAMILY
disembark: disembarkation, disembarked, disembarking, disembarkment, disembarks+/disembarkation: disembarkations/ embark: disembark, embarkation, embarked, embarking, embarkment, embarks/embarkation: embarkations/embarkment: embarkments
USAGE EXAMPLES
Without a word she remained by his side as they disembarked the boat and stayed close by as he walked through downtown.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
He invoked the magic message — essentially them vs. us — and the demons disembarked from their dark hiding places.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
The 60 or travelers — all black, mostly young men, but also several women and children — disembark and gather up their backpacks and bags.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. （使）登陆[上岸]; 卸下
时态：disembarked, disembarking, disembarks
分布：下车下飞机(100%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。embark, 上车，船，飞机等。
【记】bark＝bank岸边
【参】embark（v 上船；上飞机；从事）
US [-'bɑ:rk] formal
verb intransitive
■to leave a ship, aircraft, etc. after a journey 下船，下飞机，下车
vi. 登陆，下车；上岸
 - land, go ashore

Word: inadvertent
Front: inadvertent
[ˌɪnəd'vɜ:tənt] (18528/21511 -1)
Vocabulary: inadvertent
(once / 2010 pages)
adj
When something happens by accident, it's inadvertent, or unintentional. The gas company assured you that the error in your bill was inadvertent and that they would fix it, but not before you blew off some steam.
If you break down the adjective inadvertent you find the word vert, from the Latin vertere, meaning "to turn." Advertent comes to mean "turning the mind to," and as the prefix in- means "not," inadvertent means “not turning the mind to,” or "not intending to." When your actions are inadvertent you're not paying attention to their consequences. Remember that inadvertent ends with -ent by remembering this sentence: “We inadvertently ripped the tent.”
WORD FAMILY
inadvertent: inadvertence, inadvertency, inadvertently +/ advert: adverted, advertence, advertency, advertent, adverting, adverts/advertent: advertently, inadvertent /inadvertence: inadvertences/inadvertency: inadvertencies
USAGE EXAMPLES
The penalties for acts the company characterized as inadvertent mistakes were imposed as part of a consent order announced late last week by the U.S.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
The omission of that visit in the case file was inadvertent, he said.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
They tend to amass branded key chain openers until drawers are overflowing with the inadvertent collection.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 不经意的，出于无心的; 疏忽的，漫不经心的; 粗心大意
分布：不注意的(40%)，非故意的(34%)，疏忽的(26%)
【记】advertent（adj 注意的；留意的）
【反】intentional（adj 有意图的；故意的）；advertent（adj 留意的）－inattentive（adj 疏忽的）
ADJ
无意的;并非故意的;因疏忽造成的
An inadvertent action is one that you do without realizing what you are doing.
例：The government has said it was an inadvertent error.政府声称那是因疏忽造成的过失。
adj. 疏忽的；不注意的（副词inadvertently）；无意中做的
 - inattentive, negligent

Word: writ
Front: writ
[rɪt] (宝 18491/7184 -1)
Vocabulary: writ
(once / 674 pages)
n
If you are ever served with a writ, then you better do what it says. A writ is a written document issuing a legal order.
The word writ has been around since before the twelfth century and was first used to describe a written document needed to have a case heard at the royal courts of England during the Middle Ages. Nowadays, the king is most likely no longer involved, but this word still refers to a legal document issued by a court of law. A writ contains a written order instructing someone to do something or to stop doing something. If you ever need to give out a writ, remember that the verb to serve is typically used to describe the issuing of a writ — as in “Tony was served with a writ on Monday.”
WORD FAMILY
writ: writs
USAGE EXAMPLES
Last week, the defender's office filed a writ to an appellate court to grant their request to be heard before the January date.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
So ponder the spectacle of a President claiming his writ will last “indefinitely,” as Mr. Obama’s executive order puts it.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 21, 2016)
“Sing” is essentially that very short, writ large.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. [法] 令状; 文书; 法院命令
v. “write”的过去式和过去分词
分布：令状(100%)
→来自write的古体writan的过去分词形式，已写好的，写成的，引申义令状，文书。
【记】write－e＝writ
noun
DOCUMENT 文件
countable legal
■a legal document from a court of law which tells someone that they will be involved in a legal process and explains to them what they must do （法庭的）传票，令状
• There have been at least seven writs issued against him for late payment of bills. 他因迟付帐单至少接到了七次法院传票。
• She has served a writ for libel on the newspaper (= She has delivered it to them officially). 她已将起诉这家报纸诽谤的令状送达。
[rɪt] noun
AUTHORITY 权威
uncountable formal
■the authority to rule or make laws 统治（或立法）的权威
• holy writ 神圣的权威
[rɪt] verb old use past participle of
■ write
[rɪt] verb old use past participle of
be writ large formal
■to be very obvious 显而易见
• Her distress was writ large in her face. 她的痛苦明显地写在脸上。
[rɪt] verb old use past participle of
writ large formal
■If one thing is another thing writ large, it is similar to it but larger or more obvious 夸大了的；更明显的
• Hollywood is often said to be American society writ large. 好莱坞常被称作美国社会的放大版。
n. [法] 令状；文书；法院命令
 - clerical assistant, diploma

Word: overzealous
Front: overzealous
[ˌəʊvəˈzeləs] (18534/-)
Vocabulary: overzealous
(once / 21412 pages)
adj
Overzealous describes someone who gets too excited about something, like your mom, the overzealous collector of cute kitten figurines that now fill every table and shelf in the house.
If you're overzealous about something, you've gone too far, and you're probably starting to scare people. Parents who are overzealous about keeping their kids safe may not allow them out of the house — ever. If you are overzealous about conserving water, you might shower a little too infrequently, or scold people for washing their cars. Most people understand that you mean well, and that's why you are so intense.
WORD FAMILY
overzealous: overzealously+/ zeal: zealous, zeals/ zealous: overzealous, zealousest, zealously
USAGE EXAMPLES
Colby Cooper said he became “overzealous” while trying to ensure that expectations of Trump’s advance team were met.
Seattle Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Finally, Congress should more vigorously exercise its oversight to determine why the FBI responded overzealously in the Clinton case and insufficiently in the Russian case.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
This time around, the threat is the colonization of universities by overzealous business types.
Nature(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 过分热心的
分布：过分热心的(100%)
→over-,超过，过度，zealous,热情的。

Word: disfigure
Front: disfigure
[dɪsˈfɪgə(r)] (托宝 18538/18695 -1)
Vocabulary: disfigure
(once / 1396 pages)
v
To disfigure something is to ruin its appearance, which is what would happen if you drew a big bushy mustache and a pair of antennae on the Mona Lisa.
Unfortunately, disfigured people are almost always portrayed in the media as villains, or victims. The word does suggest a negative view of someone (after all, it doesn't just mean changing way something looks but specifically spoiling it). Organizations for disfigured people, however, like Changing Faces in England, have claimed the word as their own and use it proudly.
WORD FAMILY
disfigure: disfiguration, disfigured, disfigurement, disfigures, disfiguring+/disfiguration: disfigurations/disfigurement: disfigurements/figuration: figurations/ figurative: figuratively, nonfigurative/ figure: disfigure, figuration, figurative, figured, figureed, figurer, figures, figuring, prefigure, subfigure/figurer: figurers/figuring: figurings/prefiguration: prefigurations/ prefigure: prefiguration, prefigurative, prefigured, prefigures, prefiguring
USAGE EXAMPLES
They even disfigured one girl’s thumbprints so she couldn’t be checked against the identity of the victim she was supposed to impersonate.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
It was only 12 years ago that Ukraine’s eventual president became disfigured after he mysteriously ingested a lethal poison while campaigning against a pro-Moscow candidate.
Seattle Times(Dec 17, 2016)
In 2014, she pleaded guilty to attacking a woman who was left with a disfigured nose.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: vt. 损毁…的外形，使变丑; 损毁
时态：disfigured, disfiguring, disfigures
分布：使丑陋(100%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。figure, 形象，身材。
【记】figure（n 外形；轮廓；图形；数字）
US [-jɚ] verb transitive
■to spoil the appearance of something or someone, especially their face, completely 损毁…的外观；使毁容
• She was horribly disfigured by burns. 她的脸因烧伤而变得惨不忍睹。
• This part of the old town has been disfigured by ugly new buildings. 老城的这一地区已经被丑陋的新建筑搞得面目全非了。

Word: savagery
Front: savagery
[ˈsævɪdʒri] (18496/15393)
Back: n. 野蛮; 野蛮人; 凶猛; 荒凉的状态
分布：野性(51%)，残忍(34%)，野蛮状态(15%)
→savage,野人，野蛮人，-ery,表行为。
noun countable or uncountable
■(acts of) cruel and violent behaviour 残暴（行为），凶残（行径）；兽性
n. 野性；野蛮人；原始状态
 - ferity, haggardness

Word: birthright
Front: birthright
[ˈbɜ:θraɪt] (18539/21081)
Back: n. 与生俱来的权利，由于出身、国籍等而获得的权利
分布：生来就有的权利(54%)，长子继承权(46%)
US ['bɝ:θ-] noun countable usually singular uncountable
■something which you believe you deserve to have because of your family situation or social class, or because you believe it is your right as a human being （在家庭或社会中）与生俱来的权利；（人类的）基本权利
• Americans see freedom of expression as their birthright. 美国人视言论自由是他们与生俱来的权利。
• Some men see well-paid, powerful jobs as their birthright. 有些人认为拥有高薪厚职、位高权重的工作是他们与生俱来的权利。
n. 与生俱来的权利；长子继承权
 - primogeniture

Word: divest
Front: divest
[daɪˈvest] (宝 18517/18521)
Vocabulary: divest
(once / 1545 pages)
1v 2v
It could be your wine portfolio, your stake in a mining company, or even the extra coats that are taking up space in your closet. Whatever it is, when you divest something, you get rid of it.
Divest is sort of a fancy way to say “dispose of.” It’s often used in a business context to describe companies or governments that divest some of their holdings by selling them off. It can also be used in the sense of taking something away from someone. For example if your boss becomes insane and power mad, his handlers may divest him of his title, meaning his position is taken away from him.
WORD FAMILY
divest: divested, divesting, divestiture, divests+/divestiture: divestitures
USAGE EXAMPLES
Karl Mayo, 32, and Sen Holiday, 26, lowered a sign with the word "Divest" calling for U.S.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Bank to divest from the $3.8 billion pipeline crossing four states.
Reuters(Jan 01, 2017)
The banner, which read “Divest #NoDAPL” and carried the US Bank logo, was hung in the US Bank Stadium by two people.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. 剥夺; 脱去（衣服）; 2。从…取去…; 1。（给某人）脱衣服
时态：divested, divesting, divests
分布：剥夺(58%)，脱去(19%)，摆脱(14%)，剥除(9%)
→di-, 不，非，使相反，来自dis-变体。vest, 衣服，袍子。即使脱去衣服。
脱去,剥夺(di去掉+vest→去掉衣服→脱去)[uest=clothes,表示"衣服"]
【记】di去掉，vest（n 背心；内衣vt 使穿衣服；授予）－脱衣；剥夺
【参】vested（adj 法定的；穿着衣服的）；vestment（n 外衣；法衣）
【反】endow（v 捐赠；赋予）
[daɪ'vest] mainly US
verb intransitive or transitive
■to sell something, especially a business or a part of a business 卖掉，出售（企业或其中一部分）
• The company is divesting its less profitable business operations. 该公司打算出售其盈利较差的业务。
• [R] She has divested her self of (= sold) some of her share-holdings. 她已经卖掉了自己的一些股份。
[daɪ'vest] mainly US
verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  divest sb of sth formal
■to take something off or away from someone or yourself 取消（某人）的…；处理掉；丢弃
• There is a growing movement to divest the monarchy of its remaining constitutional power. 要求取消王室现有宪法权力的运动愈演愈烈。
• [R] She divested her self of her cumbersome attire. 她脱下笨重的服装。
vt. 剥夺；使脱去，迫使放弃
 - shear, strip of

Word: cranny
Front: cranny
[ˈkræni] (18531/19830)
Vocabulary: cranny
(once / 4598 pages)
n
A cranny is a little crack or narrow opening, Many cats like to settle themselves into any cranny they can find.
A rock wall is full of crannies where you can fit your fingers and feet as you climb up, while a tree's crackly bark provides crannies for insects to hide in. It's pretty common to see the word cranny accompanied by nook: "When you vacuum the living room, don't forget about all the little nooks and crannies!" Cranny is a diminutive of the Old French cran, "notch or fissure," from crener, "to split."
WORD FAMILY
cranny: crannies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Inside, he said, were two floors with a huge open space on the first floor with lots of nooks and crannies.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 04, 2016)
Heightening a visitor’s attentiveness to otherwise incidental details, Miller reveals a capacity to transform the nooks and crannies of a composition into unexpected wonders.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 02, 2016)
The consequences are unbridled executive growth into every cranny of commerce and society, and a bystander Congress.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: n. 裂缝，裂隙
分布：裂缝(53%)，裂隙(47%)
→来自sker, 砍，劈，词源同shear, caries.
noun countable
■a small narrow opening in something solid 裂缝，缝隙
• There were small plants growing in every nook and cranny of the wall. 墙上每道缝隙里都长着低矮的植物。
n. 裂隙，裂缝
 - crack, split

Word: autopilot
Front: autopilot
[ˈɔ:təʊpaɪlət] (18668/40169)
Vocabulary: autopilot
(once / 34560 pages)
1n 2n
Autopilot is a system that controls the course of an airplane or ship. If the captain of a ship is using autopilot, she can take a break from manning the controls herself.
When a plane is on autopilot, it's not exactly flying itself, but it's set to maintain a course or altitude while the pilot concentrates on other details of operating the airplane. Autopilot is short for automatic pilot, and the first such system for aircraft was invented in 1912. The nickname came later, in the 1930s. The slang meaning of autopilot is "out of habit," as when a sleep deprived worker goes through his whole day on autopilot.
WORD FAMILY
autopilot: autopilots
USAGE EXAMPLES
Unthinking, half the players turn left, the rest right, as if on autopilot.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Levandowski compared the cars to Tesla's Autopilot system and other driver assistance systems that are common on new cars.
Reuters(Dec 16, 2016)
Uber’s response is reminiscent of statements from Tesla earlier this year after a driver using its “autopilot” technology died in a crash.
The Guardian(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 自动驾驶仪
分布：自动驾驶仪(100%)
n. [航] 自动驾驶仪（等于automatic pilot）
 - robot pilot, automatic pilot

Word: headwaters
Front: headwaters
[ˈhedwɔ:təz] (18502/-)
Back: n. 源头，上游; 水源; 河源
分布：河源上游(100%)
→head,头，waters,水流。比喻用法。
n. 河源上游，源头
 - well-head

Word: microbiologist
Front: microbiologist
[ˌmaɪkrəʊbaɪˈɒlədʒɪst] (18459/39980)
Back: 微生物学家
分布：微生物学家(100%)
N-UNCOUNT
微生物学
Microbiology is the branch of biology which is concerned with very small living things such as bacteria and their effects on people.
例：...a professor of microbiology and immunology.微生物学与免疫学教授

Word: undertone
Front: undertone
[ˈʌndətəʊn] (18524/18589)
Back: n. 低调; 低声地; 淡色; 潜在的感情
分布：低音(46%)，底色(25%)，浅色(22%)，潜在的含义(7%)
US [-dɚ.toʊn] noun
CHARACTERISTIC 特征
countable
■a particular but not obvious characteristic that a piece of writing or speech, an event or a situation has （文章或讲话的）含意，弦外之音；（事件或情况的）蕴含意义
• I thought her speech had slightly sinister undertones. 我认为她的话里有点儿不祥的意味。
• It was a comedy act with an undertone of cruelty. 这是一个有点儿残忍的喜剧节目。
UK ['ʌn.də.təʊn] US [-dɚ.toʊn] noun
QUIET VOICE 轻声
in an undertone
■in a very quiet voice 轻声地，低声地
• Freddie muttered something to me in an undertone. 弗雷迪轻声向我嘀咕了些甚么。
n. 低音；浅色；小声；潜在的含意
 - bourdon

Word: merrily
Front: merrily
[ˈmerəli] (18507/14992)
Back: adv. 快乐地，愉快地，兴高采烈地
分布：愉快地(64%)，欢乐地(36%)
→来自merry,高兴，兴奋。
adverb
■showing happiness or enjoyment 欢快地，愉快地，快乐地；兴高采烈地
• Her eyes sparkled merrily. 她的眼睛里闪烁着快乐的光芒。
■informal
■without thinking about the result of what you are doing or about the problems it might cause 满不在乎地，不顾后果地
• The factory has been merrily pumping chemical waste into the river for the past ten years. 过去十年间这家工厂一直在肆无忌惮地把化学废物排到河里。
adv. 愉快地；高兴地（merry的副词形式）
 - pleasantly, agreeably

Word: skewed
Front: skewed
[skju:d] (18543/33603)
Vocabulary: skewed
(once / 13882 pages)
1adj 2adj
Something skewed is slanted or off-center in some way. A picture frame or viewpoint can be skewed.
This is a word, like so many, that can apply to physical things or ideas. A painting on the wall is skewed if it's leaning to one side. Also, opinions are often skewed: this is another way of saying someone is biased. People often accuse news reports of being skewed toward one political viewpoint. A movie could be skewed toward one character more than the other. When you think of skewed, think of leaning and slanting of all sorts.
WORD FAMILY
skew: skewed, skewing, skewness, skews
USAGE EXAMPLES
There is no point in playing in Week 17 when important starters are unavailable and the results become skewed.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
On the basis of a skewed legal analysis that ignored pre-1967 Jewish claims, President Jimmy Carter called the settlements illegal.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
The number is skewed somewhat by the Vikings‘ over-reliance on the short passing game. “The focus is to win games,” Bradford said.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: v. 歪曲( skew的过去式和过去分词 ); 曲解; 使不公允; 影响…的准确性
分布：歪斜(58%)，歪轮(6%)，扭转(6%)，斜视(6%)，误解的)(6%)，斜交(歪斜(6%)，斜交的(不对称的(6%)，斜砌石)(6%)
VERB
影响…的准确性;歪曲;扭曲
If something is skewed, it is changed or affected to some extent by a new or unusual factor, and so is not correct or normal.
例：The arithmetic of nuclear running costs has been skewed by the fall in the cost of other fuels...核运营成本的计算由于其他燃料的降价而出现了偏差。
例：Today's election will skew the results in favor of the northern end of the county.今天的选举将使结果有利于这个郡的北部地区。
adj. 歪斜的；曲解的
 - askew, distortive

Word: dualism
Front: dualism
[ˈdju:əlɪzəm] (18628/23798)
Back: n. 二元论
分布：二元论(76%)，双重性(24%)
→来自dual, 双重的。-ism, 主义，思想，论点。
US ['du:.əl.ɪ-] formal
noun uncountable
■the belief that things are divided into two often very different or opposing parts 二元论，两分法
• Western dualism values mind over body. 西方的二元论更重视思想，而不是身体。
n. 二元论；双重性；二神教
 - dual nature

Word: predilection
Front: predilection
[ˌpri:dɪˈlekʃn] (宝 18504/18823)
Vocabulary: predilection
(once / 2974 pages)
n
A predilection is a preference for or bias toward something. If you have a predilection for wool clothing, you should take up knitting.
Predilection is based on the Latin verb praediligere, or "prefer before others," which breaks down to prae, before, and diligere, "choose or love." We often use the word predilection for tendencies that people seem to have been born with, also called predispositions. If you're a night owl, you probably have a predilection for cities, while morning people tend to prefer the country.
WORD FAMILY
predilection: predilections
USAGE EXAMPLES
The project bakes into Arena’s schedule a predilection of Smith’s for offerings that exist on the edge of current affairs.
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
"Yura always sought unusual methods in everything, he had a predilection for unorthodox solutions... This is a very heavy loss."
BBC(Nov 28, 2016)
On his personal website, Oakley bills himself as having a predilection for “healthy options with savory and delicious flavors.”
New York Times(Nov 01, 2016)
Back: n. 偏爱，偏好，嗜好
分布：偏好(92%)，袒护(8%)
→pre-,在前，di-,分开，-lect,选择，词源同collect.即先选出来的，引申词义喜爱，偏爱。
【记】pre前，dilect喜爱，ion－偏好pre前，di，lect选择，ion－提前选择出好的东西－偏好
【参】delectable（adj 使人愉快的；美味的）；predisposition（n 倾向）；predominant（adj 卓越的）；predominate（v 掌握；控制）
【反】propensity to dislike（厌恶的倾向）
US [ˌpred.əl'ek-] slightly formal
noun countable
■a strong liking 偏爱，偏好
• Ever since she was a child, she has had a predilection for spicy food. 从孩提时起，她就偏好辛辣食物。
n. 偏爱，嗜好
 - weakness, preference, habit, favour, appetite

Word: ninety-five
Front: ninety-five
['naɪnti:f'aɪv] None
Back: 九十五
分布：九十五(100%)

Word: macabre
Front: macabre
[məˈkɑ:brə] (宝 18553/15626 -1)
Vocabulary: macabre
(once / 12455 pages)
adj
The adjective macabre is used to describe things that involve the horror of death or violence. If a story involves lots of blood and gore, you can call it macabre.
This word first appeared in English in the context of the "Dance of Death," recounted in literature as the figure of Death leading people in a dance to the grave, and translated from the Old French Danse Macabre. The Macabre part of the phrase is thought to be an alteration of Macabe "a Maccabee," an allusions to the Maccabees, who were a Jewish people who led a revolt against Syria about 166 B.C. and were martyred in the process.
WORD FAMILY
macabre: macabrely
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the bloodfest “American Mary,” he played Dr. Black, a medical professional who enjoys practicing macabre experiments on patients.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
In fact, the charwoman scene in “Mr. Magoo’s Christmas Carol” — it walks that line of macabre humor.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Efforts to connect the war to fears of masculine inadequacy seem now almost as comical as Bellows’s work is macabre.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 可怕的; 以死亡为主题的; 令人毛骨悚然的
分布：恐怖的(38%)，以死亡为主题的(34%)，令人毛骨悚然的(28%)
→来自古法语danse Macabre,即dance of Death,词源不详。可能来自对拉丁语Chorea Machabaeorum的意译，即Maccabees Chorea.其中Maccabees为犹太教世袭祭司家庭，在公元前2世纪至1世纪时为抵抗希腊和叙利亚联军的入侵，家庭成员大量战死。后世根据这一历史改编成戏剧展现了这段悲惨的故事。引申词义可怕的，恐怖的。参照百度百科马加比家族。
【记】来自法语，原指“死神之舞”ma妈妈，cab出租车，re热：妈妈在出租车里面很热，因为开不开车门，联想好莱坞的大片，司机杀乘客的情景。
adjective
■describes something that is very strange and unpleasant because it is connected with death or violence （与死亡或暴力有关而）恐怖的，可怕的，令人毛骨悚然的
• Even the police were horrified at the macabre nature of the killings. 连警方也为令人发指的杀戮行为所震惊。
• She has a rather macabre sense of humour. 她有一种颇让人害怕的幽默感。
adj. 可怕的；以死亡为主题的；令人毛骨悚然的（等于macaber）
 - terrible, horrible, awesome, fearful, dire

Word: tenured
Front: tenured
['tenjə(r)d] (18510/-)
Back: 终身的；长期保有的
分布：享有终身职位的(100%)

Word: gravestone
Front: gravestone
[ˈgreɪvstəʊn] (18519/20816)
Back: n. 墓碑
分布：墓碑(100%)
US [-stoʊn] noun countable
■a stone that shows where a dead person is buried and which usually has their name and the years of their birth and death written on it 墓碑 Compare headstone
n. 墓碑，墓石
 - tomb stone, tombstones

Word: four-star
Front: four-star
[ˈfɔ:ˈstɑ:] None
Back: adj. 卓越的，优良的，（美军）四星（上将）级的
分布：卓越的(67%)，优良的(33%)
US [ˌfɔ:r'stɑ:r] adjective [before noun]
■describes a restaurant or hotel of a very high standard （餐厅或饭店）四星级的
UK [ˌfɔ:'stɑ:r] US [ˌfɔ:r'stɑ:r] noun uncountable UK (also four-star petrol) (US premium (gas)) (Australian super (petrol))
■the highest quality leaded fuel that can be used in cars 四星含铅汽油，高辛烷值汽油
adj. （美军）四星上将的；卓越的
 - remarkable, excellent, prominent

Word: stingy
Front: stingy
[ˈstɪndʒi] (托宝 18550/33295)
Vocabulary: stingy
(once / 3671 pages)
adj
If you are looking to describe someone with a Scrooge- or Grinch-like tendency to pinch his pennies, then stingy can be your adjective of choice. Or, if you are looking to describe something you have too little of — like a 43-second coffee break — you can use stingy as well.
The adjective stingy (pronounced with a soft "g") is likely derived from the adjective stingy (pronounced with a hard "g"), which means "biting, sharp, or stinging." Although stingy is usually used to describe an ungenerous or miserly person, stingy can also be used to describe a larger entity: "People were no longer able to buy homes due to the stingy lending policies of the banks."
WORD FAMILY
stingy: stingier, stingiest, stingily, stinginess+/stinginess: stinginesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
The food, stingy during wartime, remains surprisingly plain.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
With Peyton Manning at quarterback and one of the league’s stingiest defenses, the Broncos beat the Carolina Panthers in the Super Bowl.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The Husky defense was just as tough and stingy as the more vaunted Alabama defense.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 小气的，吝啬的
分布：吝啬的(50%)，小气的(50%)
→sting,刺，叮，蜇，-y,形容词后缀。俚语。
小气的(sting+y→像刺一样[小的心胸]→小气的[sting,stinct,stimul=priek表示"刺,刺激"]
['stɪn.dʒi] informal disapproving
adjective
■unwilling to spend money 小气的，吝啬的
• He's really stingy and never buys the drinks when we go out. 他非常小气，我们一起出去时他从来不请喝酒。
• The owners are so stingy - they've refused to pay for new carpets. 房东太小气了——他们拒绝掏钱买新地毯。
adj. 吝啬的，小气的；有刺的；缺乏的
 - cheap, tight, lacking

Word: tot
Front: tot
[tɒt] (18521/14721 -1)
Back: n. 小孩; 一小杯液体; 合计，总数
vt. 合计，共计
时态：totted, totting, tots
分布：合计(72%)，加(19%)，一口(9%)
→词源不详，可能缩写自 totter,蹒跚，摇摆。
US [tɑ:t] noun countable
CHILD 孩子 informal
■a young child 小孩，幼儿
• These are good strong toys for tiny tots. 这些是适合幼儿玩不易坏的玩具。
UK [tɒt] US [tɑ:t] noun countable
DRINK 饮料
■a small drink of alcohol 小杯酒
• He poured them each a generous tot of whisky/rum. 他慷慨地给他们每个人都倒了一杯威士卡／朗姆酒。
UK [tɒt] US [tɑ:t] verb (-tt-)
UK [tɒt] US [tɑ:t] verb (-tt-)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] tot sth up informal
■to add up numbers or amounts of something, or to have a particular number or amount as a total when added up 把…加起来；加起来总计
• She quickly totted up our bill and added an amount for the waiter. 她快速地计算了一下我们的帐单，把给服务员的小费也加上了。
• That tots up to £20. 那总计是20英镑。
n. 小孩；合计；少量
 - bit, kid, total
vt. 合计
 - sum, reckon up
vi. 总计
 - foot, to the amount of

Word: autograph
Front: autograph
[ˈɔ:təgrɑ:f] (8940/14988 -1)
Vocabulary: autograph
(once / 1612 pages)
nv
If you sign your name on something, you autograph it. You have to autograph a check before it can be cashed.
An autograph is a signature. Famous people are asked for their autographs all the time, but you might be surprised and flattered if a little girl asked for yours after you played Dorothy in your community theater production of "The Wizard of Oz." An original manuscript or musical composition written in the handwriting of the author or composer is also called an autograph. In 1938, the Museum of Modern Art displayed an autograph of Mark Twain's "Tom Sawyer."
WORD FAMILY
autograph: autographed, autographing, autographs
USAGE EXAMPLES
These days Miss Cartwright spends some of her time doing sci-fi autograph conventions, where she meets fans from around the world.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
David Telles of Franklin will steal so many bases during the baseball season that Maury Wills will stop by to get his autograph.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
But I’ve seen that where people get tats of someone’s autograph.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 亲笔签名; 亲笔稿; 手稿; 真迹石版复制品
vt. 在…上亲笔签名; 亲笔书写; 亲笔签字; 用石版术复制
adj. 亲笔的; 自署的
时态：autographed, autographing, autographs
分布：亲笔签名(80%)，亲笔签名于(12%)，亲笔书写(8%)
亲笔字(auto自己+graph→自己写的字→亲笔字)[graph,gram=write,表示"写,图"]
US ['ɑ:.tˌə.græf] noun countable
■a signature (= your name written by yourself) of a famous person （名人的）亲笔签名
• Did you get his autograph? 你得到他的亲笔签名吗？
UK ['ɔ:.tə.grɑ:f] US ['ɑ:.tˌə.græf] verb transitive
■to write your signature (= your name written by yourself) on something for someone else to keep 在…上亲笔签名
• I got her to autograph my T-shirt. 我请她在我的T恤上签名。
• She gave me an autographed photograph of herself. 她给我一张有她亲笔签名的相片。
n. 亲笔， [图情] 手稿； [法] 亲笔签名
 - scripture, manuscript

Word: quiz
Front: quiz
[kwɪz] (高研四六 8784/9113 -1)
Vocabulary: quiz
(once / 2406 pages)
nv
A quiz is a short series of questions with a quick result. A magazine quiz might tell a reader if "he's into you," or a pop quiz in English class will let your teacher know how far you got (or didn't get) in last night's reading.
As a verb, quiz means to ask a series of questions. A teacher might quiz his students on the material covered in lecture the day before. A mother might quiz her son as to his plans for after school. The questioning meaning of the noun and verb came into use in the mid-nineteenth century, possibly influence by words like inquisitive. Before that, quiz could refer to an odd or unconventional person, a meaning which eventually gave rise to quizzical, still in use today.
WORD ROUTES
Here's a Pop Quiz: Where the Heck Did "Quiz" Come From?
Quiz is a word with a background so baffling it might make you feel a bit quizzical. For the latest installment of Slate's Lexicon Valley podcast, I delve into the mysterious origins of quiz and its long-forgotten brother quoz.
Our current understanding of quiz, as a noun meaning "a short test" or a corresponding verb "to test one's knowledge," only dates back to the mid-nineteenth century, mostly cropping up in American usage (as in an 1867 letter from William James referring to "'quizzes' in anatomy and physiology"). In that sense, quiz had a resemblance to such questioning words as inquire, inquisition, and inquisitive. There was even a verb inquisite, shortened in some dialects to quiset, meaning "to question," that likely influenced the semantic development of the word.
But back in the 1780s, the word quiz first emerged with a different meaning, referring to an odd or eccentric person or thing. It may have originated at schoolboy slang; in 1782, the English essayist Vicesimus Knox relayed that at the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, those who "take a pleasure in conversing on letters" were "solitary mortals" stigmatized as quizzes, suggesting that quizzes were originally something like proto-nerds.
As I explain on Lexicon Valley, I've long been intrigued by the origins of quiz because of a bit of word-lore attached to it. As the story goes, quiz was the result of a bet involving the Dublin theater owner Richard Daly, who accepted a challenge to concoct and popularize a new word. I've managed to find versions of this story in British newspapers dating back to 1835. An introduction was given, illustrating that the origins of quiz were just as murky then as now:
Very few words ever took such a run, or were saddled with so many meanings, as this monosyllable; and, however strange the word, 'tis still more strange that not one of our lexicographers, from Bailey to Johnson, ever attempted an explanation, or gave a derivation of it. The reason is very obvious: it is because it has no meaning, nor is it derived from any language in the world ever known, from the Babylonish confusion to this day.
Then followed the tale of Daly and the apocryphal wager:
When Richard Daly was patentee of the Irish theatres he spent the evening of a Saturday in company with many of the wits and men of fashion of the day; gambling was introduced, when the manager staked a large sum that he would have spoken, all through the principal streets of Dublin, by a certain hour next day, Sunday, a word having no meaning, and being derived from no known language — wagers were laid, and stakes deposited. Daly repaired to the theatre, and dispatched all the servants and supernumeraries with the word "Quiz," which they chalked on every door and shop window in town. Shops being shut all next day, every body going to and coming from their different places of worship saw the word, and every body repeated it, so that "quiz" was heard all through Dublin; the circumstance of so strange a word being on every door and window caused much surprise, and ever since should a strange story be attempted to be passed current, it draws forth the expression — you are quizzing me.
—The Leeds Times, Jan. 17, 1835
A year after this story circulated in 1835, it found its way into a dictionary, Walker Remodelled: a New Critical Pronouncing Dictionary, by B.H. Smart. Later, in 1875, an Irish police magistrate named Frank Thorpe Porter published a meticulously detailed version of the Daly story in his memoir Gleanings and Reminiscences. By that time, all of the participants in the purported bet were conveniently dead. And while Porter's account is compelling, it's fatally undermined by the fact that he fixes the date of the bet as Aug. 21, 1791, by which time the word quiz had already been circulating for about a decade.
As I dug deeper, I discovered that the story of the bet was first attached to a slightly different word: not quiz but quoz, with the wager said to have taken place in London, not Dublin. There are references to quoz being chalked up around the city of London in Thomas Paine's 1792 tract The Rights of Man, as well as the second volume of Charles Mackay's fascinating work, Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds.
Many years ago the favourite phrase ... was Quoz. This odd word took the fancy of the multitude in an extraordinary degree, and very soon acquired an almost boundless meaning. When vulgar wit wished to mark its incredulity, and raise a laugh at the same time, there was no resource so sure as this popular piece of slang. When a man was asked a favour which he did not choose to grant, he marked his sense of the suitor’s unparalleled presumption by exclaiming Quoz! When a mischievous urchin wished to annoy a passenger, and create mirth for his comrades, he looked him in the face, and cried out Quoz! and the exclamation never failed in its object... Every alehouse resounded with Quoz; every street-corner was noisy with it, and every wall for miles around was chalked with it.
—Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions, Vol. II, 1852
By searching through databases of British newspapers, I was able to pinpoint exactly when quoz-mania hit London: in August 1789, when the similar word quiz was still very new. And the earliest news report that I have found gives its origin in, you guessed it, a bet:
Quoz. This queer word originated, we understand, in a bet. Two Gentlemen betted a dinner, to be given by the loser, at the London Tavern, that one of them should fix upon any odd absurd expression, which should, in a given time, become the Town Talk. The other laid he did not. QUOZ was the word chosen; and the bet has been acknowledged to be lost. The WINNER began by writing, with chalk, the word QUOZ, upon various doors. Future wits and more ingenious heads, improved on the idea, and added various other strokes of humour to the original QUOZ.
—The World (London), Aug. 15, 1789
In the weeks that followed, there were many paeans to quoz, none more lyrical than a song written and performed by John Edwin at London's Theatre Royal. Here are a few verses:
Hey for buckish words, for phrases we've a passion
Immensly great and little once, were all the fashion;
Hum'd, and then humbuz'ed, twaddle tippy poz;
All have had their day; but now must yield to QUOZ.
Walk about the town, each time you turn your head, Sir,
Pop staring in your phiz, is Q, U, O, and Z, Sir:
Cried, Madam Dip to deary, its monstrous scandaloz
To write on peoples shutters that shameful, nasty, Quoz...
Some may think it French, some may call it Latin,
Some give in this meaning, other will give that in:
Mean it what it will, or sense or non compos,
The meaning, I should think — the meaning must be Quoz.
—Diary or Woodfall's Register, Sept. 5, 1789
The rage for quoz quickly died out, and the folklore of the bet instead got attached to quiz, the word that survived the neologizing heyday of the 1780s. But I feel that quoz is due for a comeback. Could we revive it by chalking it up all over town in a 21st-century style, by turning it into a hashtag on Twitter? Go forth and spread the good word: #quoz!
WORD FAMILY
quiz: quizzed, quizzer, quizzes, quizzing+/quizzer: quizzers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Every week, Strain-Japan’s staff meet to discuss teaching strategies and quiz and test results, student by student.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Hoping for more clear-cut results, here is the Eighth Annual Washington Region’s Predictions Quiz for 2017.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Researchers in Ghana also found that text message quizzes improved girls’ understanding of reproductive health, resulting in fewer reported pregnancies.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 提问，询问; 小型考试; 简单的小测验; 恶作剧
vt. 盘问; 挖苦; 进行测试; 张望
时态：quizzed, quizzing, quizzes
分布：测验(77%)，盘问(8%)，恶作剧(7%)，问答比赛(7%)，对 ... 进行测验(1%)
→可能来自拉丁语qui es,你是谁，来自qui,谁，词源同who,es,是，词源同is.原为过去拉丁语 语法考试时问考生的第一个问题。后用于指小测试，小考试。
n.小型考试,测验,问答比赛The teacher has a quiz on last week's work.教师测验了学生上星期的功课.
noun countable (plural quizzes)
 ADVANCED
■a game or competition in which you answer questions 问答比赛，智力竞赛
• a history/sport, etc. quiz 历史/体育知识等问答竞赛
• There are so many inane television quiz shows. 电视上有那么多愚蠢的智力竞赛节目。
• UK A lot of pubs have quiz nights once or twice a week. 许多酒吧每周都会有一两次的智力竞赛之夜。
 ADVANCED mainly US
■a short informal test 测验，考察
• There was a pop (= surprise) quiz in history at school today. 今天的历史课上进行了突击测验。
[kwɪz] verb transitive (-zz-)
■to ask someone questions about something 查问，提问
• She spent an hour being quizzed by journalists. 她花了一小时时间回答记者的提问。
examination, test, quiz, exam
这组词都有“考试”的意思，其区别是：
examination: 通常指为检查学生知识或能力而举行的正式考试，有时也指临时考试。
test: 多指有具体目的的临时性考试或小考。
quiz: 指时间较短，随时进行的口头或书面的非正式测验。
exam: 系examination的缩略形式，口语用词，通俗。
n. 考查；恶作剧；课堂测验
 - trick, mischief
vt. 挖苦；张望；对…进行测验
 - dig at, test for

Word: mossy
Front: mossy
[ˈmɒsi] (18489/22199)
Vocabulary: mossy
(once / 2261 pages)
adj
Anything covered with or resembling moss is mossy. A mossy rock can be pretty. Mossy teeth are never pretty.
Moss tends to grow in a green carpet, especially in wooded or shady areas, so when you're walking through a forest you'll probably come upon mossy areas. Informally, you can also use this adjective to mean "old fashioned" or "dated." Your grandparents' conservative ideas about dating, for example, might be a little mossy. The word stems from an Old English root, meos, that's a close relation to mos, or "bog."
WORD FAMILY
moss: mosses, mossy
USAGE EXAMPLES
In Kyoto we visited otherworldly mossy temples and calming rock gardens.
New York Times(Oct 14, 2016)
They converted a dark warehouse into a park, with a Japanese maple tree growing on top of a mossy hill.
New York Times(Oct 07, 2016)
Men’s felt fedoras come in red, purple, rust and mossy green and men’s casual shoes in purple or green nubuck.
Wall Street Journal(Sep 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 长满苔藓的; 苔藓似的
分布：生了苔的(50%)，多苔的(50%)
ADJ-GRADED
布满苔藓的;长满青苔的
A mossy surface is covered with moss.
例：...a mossy wall.长满青苔的墙壁
adj. 生苔的，被苔覆盖的；青苔状的
 - lichenoid

Word: pent-up
Front: pent-up
[ˌpent ˈʌp] (-1)
Vocabulary: pent-up
(once / 4106 pages)
adj
If something's pent-up, it's restricted or held back in some way. You might appear calm and collected, but if you've secretly got a lot of pent-up anger, it will eventually need to be released. Boom!
Use the adjective pent-up when you're talking about repressed emotions or stifled feelings or impulses. You and your friend might attempt to remain solemn through a pompous speaker's terrible lecture, only to burst out with pent-up laughter as soon as the talk is over. Many people keep negative feelings (like sadness, anger, or frustration) pent-up when they're not comfortable revealing them.
WORD FAMILY
pent-up
USAGE EXAMPLES
Overall the sessions were tame, until the final Thursday afternoon, when the pent-up fury of the campaign finally erupted.
Washington Post(Dec 03, 2016)
Negative sentiments against the Ugandan government, he says, are as a result of pent-up anger from unfulfilled government promises.
BBC(Dec 02, 2016)
Mr. Burke has said the play was inspired by a Times Square Elmo attacking another character, and the show is pregnant with pent-up violence.
New York Times(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 被压抑的; 被抑制的; 幽闭的; 郁结
分布：被压抑的(50%)，幽闭的(50%)
adjective
■Pent-up feelings are not allowed to be expressed or released （感情）被压抑的，被抑制的
• Screaming at the top of your voice is a good way of venting pent-up frustration. 放声尖叫是发泄内心压抑的挫败感的一种好方法。
adj. 被压抑的；幽闭的
 - retired, repressed

Word: Afro-American
Front: Afro-American
['æfrəuə'merikən] None
Back: n. 美国黑人
adj. 美国黑人的（等于Aframerican）
分布：美国黑人(58%)，美国黑人的(42%)

Word: corporal
Front: corporal
[ˈkɔ:pərəl] (宝 18525/8214 -1)
Vocabulary: corporal
(once / 545 pages)
1adj 2n
Corporal means of the body. Corporal punishment involves hitting, spanking, and slapping — all types of bodily hurt. A corporal is also a noncommissioned officer in the Army, Air Force, and Marines.
In the military, a corporal is a soldier who rose through the ranks as an enlisted soldier, not going to one of the military colleges. Elsewhere, this word has to do with physical things and beings. A ghost is not corporal — it has no body. In a horror movie, corporal monsters like zombies and vampires can do more damage. You can also talk about corporal pleasures, like eating and drinking. When you see the word corporal (or corporeal), think body.
WORD FAMILY
corporal: corporality, corporally, corporals+/corporality: corporalities
USAGE EXAMPLES
The district said Horton did not engage in corporal punishment, and its uniform complaint compliance office said no corrective action is needed.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Gore said Caitlyn especially blossomed at camp after learning how to handle her horse, Corporal.
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
It was 2010 when Uriarte, a lance corporal in the Marine Corps, created the online comic “Terminal Lance,” which swiftly developed a fan base.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 人体的
n. 下士
分布：肉体的(48%)，身体的(38%)，个人的(14%)
→来自意大利语caporale, 来自词根cap, 头，见captain. 即小头领，拼写受词根corp影响。corporal 身体的，实体的
肉体的(corpor+al→身体的→肉体的)[corp,corpor=body,表示"身体,团体"]
【记】corpor躯体－躯体的
【参】incorporation（n 结合；组成公司）
US ['kɔ:r.pɚ-] adjective formal
■of or relating to the body 身体的，肉体的
UK ['kɔ:.pər.əl] US ['kɔ:r.pɚ-] noun countable (written abbreviation Corp.)
■a person of low rank in an army or an air force （陆军或空军的）下士
adj. 肉体的，身体的
 - physical, personal, material
n. 下士
 - Petty Officer Second Class

Word: meta-analysis
Front: meta-analysis
['metəən'æləsɪs] None
Back: 元分析
分布：形容词(96%)，名词(4%)

Word: preconception
Front: preconception
[ˌpri:kənˈsepʃn] (18558/15130 -1)
Back: n. 偏见; 预想，预见; 事先形成的观点或思想; 先入之见
分布：偏见(38%)，先入之见(33%)，预想(29%)
→pre-,在前，早于，预先，conception,概念。
[ˌpri:.kən'sep.ʃən] mainly disapproving
noun countable
■an idea or opinion formed before enough information is available to form it correctly 事先构成的想法，先入之见，成见
• Try to go into the meeting without too many preconceptions about what the other group want. 与会前尽量不要对另一方的想法抱太多先入之见。
n. 偏见；先入之见；预想
 - forecast, bias

Word: dreaming
Front: dreaming
['dri:mɪŋ] (18540/21585)
Back: v. 做梦，向往( dream的现在分词 ); 想到，料到; [常用于疑问句或否定句]考虑到，想到，料到; 虚度（光阴），（在空想中）度过（时间），迷迷糊糊地度过（与 away,out 连用）
分布：做梦(99%)，动词dream的现在分词形式.(1%)
N-COUNT
梦
A dream is an imaginary series of events that you experience in your mind while you are asleep.
例：He had a dream about Claire...他梦见了克莱尔。
例：I had a dream that I was in an old study, surrounded by leather books.我梦见我在一间古老的书房里,四周全是皮装书。
VERB
做梦;梦见;梦到
When you dream, you experience imaginary events in your mind while you are asleep.
例：Ivor dreamed that he was on a bus...艾弗梦见他在一辆公共汽车上。
例：She dreamed about her baby.她梦见了她的宝宝。
N-COUNT
梦想;幻想;愿望
You can refer to a situation or event as a dream if you often think about it because you would like it to happen.
例：He had finally accomplished his dream of becoming a pilot...他最终实现了成为一名飞行员的梦想。
例：My dream is to have a house in the country...我梦想在乡间拥有一栋房子。
VERB
梦想;渴望
If you often think about something that you would very much like to happen or have, you can say that you dream of it.
例：As a schoolgirl, she had dreamed of becoming an actress...她上学时曾梦想成为一名女演员。
例：For most of us, a brand new designer kitchen is something we can only dream about...对我们大多数人来说,一间崭新的由著名设计师设计的厨房只能是一种梦想。
ADJ
理想的;梦幻般的;完美的
You can use dream to describe something that you think is ideal or perfect, especially if it is something that you thought you would never be able to have or experience.
例：He had his dream house built on the banks of the river Bure.他在布尔河畔建造了他的梦幻屋。
例：...a dream holiday to Jamaica.牙买加梦幻之旅
N-SING
理想;夙愿;梦寐以求的事物
If you describe something as a particular person's dream, you think that it would be ideal for that person and that he or she would like it very much.
例：Greece is said to be a botanist's dream...据说希腊是植物学家梦寐以求的地方。
例：He's every girl's dream!他是所有姑娘的梦中情人！
N-SING
美妙的事;美好的事
If you say that something is a dream, you mean that it is wonderful.
N-COUNT
空想;胡思乱想
You can refer to a situation or event that does not seem real as a dream, especially if it is very strange or unpleasant.
例：When the right woman comes along, this bad dream will be over.当有合适的女人出现时,这种胡思乱想就会停止了。
VERB
绝不;无论如何也不
If you say that you would not dream of doing something, you are emphasizing that you would never do it because you think it is wrong or is not possible or suitable for you.
例：I wouldn't dream of making fun of you...我绝不会取笑你。
例：My sons would never dream of expecting their clothes to be ironed.我的几个儿子从不指望别人帮他们熨好衣服。
VERB
想到;料到
If you say that you never dreamed that something would happen, you are emphasizing that you did not think that it would happen because it seemed very unlikely.
例：I never dreamed that I would be able to afford a home here...我从没想到我在这儿能买得起房子。
例：Who could ever dream of a disaster like this?...谁能想到会发生这样的灾难？
PHRASE
痴心妄想
If you tell someone to dream on, you mean that something they are hoping for is unlikely to happen.
例：'Perhaps one day I may go on a relaxing holiday.' — 'Yeah, dream on.'“也许有一天我可以享受一个放松身心的假期。”——“是啊,你就做梦吧。”
PHRASE
心不在焉;梦游般地
If you say that you are in a dream, you mean that you do not concentrate properly on what you are doing because you are thinking about other things.
例：All day long I moved in a dream.整整一天我都心不在焉。
PHRASE
梦幻般地;美妙地;完美地
If you say that someone does something like a dream, you think that they do it very well. If you say that something happens like a dream, you mean that it happens successfully without any problems.
例：She cooked like a dream...她烹饪技艺精湛。
例：His ship had sailed like a dream.他的船行驶十分顺畅。
PHRASE
理想中的;完美的
If you describe someone or something as the person or thing of your dreams, you mean that you consider them to be ideal or perfect.
例：This could be the man of my dreams.这就是我理想中的男子。
PHRASE
（强调极为奇怪或完全不可能）再怎么想也
If you say that you could not imagine a particular thing in your wildest dreams, you are emphasizing that you think it is extremely strange or unlikely.
例：Never in my wildest dreams did I think we could win.我做梦也没想到我们会赢。
PHRASE
超出想象的;比希望中要好的
If you describe something as being beyond your wildest dreams, you are emphasizing that it is better than you could have imagined or hoped for.
例：She had already achieved success beyond her wildest dreams.她已经取得超乎想象的成功。

Word: degenerative
Front: degenerative
[dɪˈdʒenərətɪv] (18522/24715)
Back: adj. 退步的，变质的，退化的
分布：退化的(100%)
→来自degenerate,堕落，恶化。用于形容疾病恶化的。
退化的;变坏的(degenerate+ive)[gen,gener,genit=birth,produce,表示"出生,产生"]
US [-ɚ.ə.tˌɪv] adjective
■describes an illness in which the body or a part of the body gradually stops working （疾病）变性的，退化性的
• a degenerative disease/condition 变性疾病
adj. 退化的；变质的；退步的
 - turned, vestigial

Word: monolith
Front: monolith
[ˈmɒnəlɪθ] (18570/20478)
Vocabulary: monolith
(once / 11988 pages)
n
When something is really huge, like a giant stone, building, or company, call it a monolith. You can also use it to describe a huge amount of work, like the monolith that is your 40-page term paper.
The noun monolith comes from the Greek words monos, meaning “single” and lithos, meaning “stone.” Any large structures, like a factory that could cover many football fields in size, can be called a monolith. So can monuments that have little definition, like Stonehenge. Even companies that seem to be everywhere, their products and neon-signed restaurants covering the globe, can be called monoliths.
WORD FAMILY
monolith: monoliths
USAGE EXAMPLES
“The illusion of Versailles as a village square obscures how varied Cuban Miami is, and that Cuban-Americans are not a monolith,” she said.
The New Yorker(Dec 10, 2016)
The health-care industry, like many others, is not a monolith, though.
Washington Post(Dec 08, 2016)
The stone monolith that now enshrines Cuba’s “maximum leader” is a stark reminder of the weight Castro will continue to exert on this country.
Washington Post(Dec 03, 2016)
Back: n. 独块巨石，整体塑制品
分布：庞然大物(47%)，整块石料(31%)，巨型独石(22%)
→mono-,单个的，-lith,石头，词源同lithology.即单块巨石，引申词义单一庞大的组织。
独石;独石碑(mono一个+lith→一块石头→独石)[lith=stone,表示"石头"]
US ['mɑ:.nə-] noun countable
■a large block of stone standing by itself which was put up by people in the distant past (= a long time ago) （古人竖立的）独块巨石，独石柱
n. [建] 整块石料；庞然大物
 - leviathan, dreadnaught

Word: detritus
Front: detritus
[dɪˈtraɪtəs] (宝 18523/20655)
Vocabulary: detritus
(once / 12641 pages)
n
There aren't many things more depressing than walking on a beautiful beach and discovering a stretch of it that's covered in detritus. Detritus means trash or debris.
Usually, detritus refers to waste or junk of some kind, but it can actually mean any accumulation of material, not only man-made stuff. Loose gravel, silt, and sand can all be called detritus, and so can decomposed organic matter, like piles of dead leaves. The Latin word detritus literally means "a wearing away."
WORD FAMILY
detritus
USAGE EXAMPLES
I ain’t spending 1 January dealing with baking sheet detritus.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
“She captivates when she does nothing. She captivates when she scurries offstage, leaving her audience staring at the detritus of a solo.”
New York Times(Dec 09, 2016)
This historical detritus is glued into painstaking collages, though her organizational principles always remain somewhat opaque.
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. （侵蚀形成的）岩屑; 碎石; 瓦砾; 风化物
分布：碎屑(61%)，碎石(39%)
→de-, 向下，离开。-trit, 转，磨，词源同turn, attrition. 即磨下来的碎屑。
【记】de下，trit摩：摩下来的东西－碎屑
【参】contrite（adj 深感懊悔的）摩擦心灵
【反】valuable product（有价值的产品）
US [-tˌəs] noun uncountable formal
■waste material or rubbish, especially that left after a particular event （尤指某项活动后留下的）废弃物，垃圾
• The stadium was littered with the detritus of yesterday's rock concert. 体育馆里到处都是昨天举行摇滚音乐会后留下的垃圾。
specialized
■a loose mass of decaying material 风化物；岩屑
n. 碎石， [地质] 岩屑
 - rubble, crushed stone

Word: snow-covered
Front: snow-covered
[snəu ˈkʌvəd] None
Back: adj. 被雪覆盖的
分布：被雪覆盖的(100%)
ADJ
被雪覆盖的
Snow-covered places and things are covered over with snow.
例：...a Swiss chalet set in the snow-covered hills.雪山里的一座瑞士小木屋

Word: suspenders
Front: suspenders
[sə'spendəz] (18585/23373)
Back: n. （复数）吊裤带; 吊袜带; 吊杆; 吊索; 吊裤带( suspender的名词复数 ); 悬挂物; 吊杆; 袜吊
分布：裤子背带(100%)
N-COUNT
(长筒袜上的)吊袜带
Suspenders are the fastenings which hold up a woman's stockings.
N-PLURAL
(裤子上的)背带，吊带
Suspenders are a pair of straps that go over someone's shoulders and are fastened to their trousers at the front and back to prevent the trousers from falling down.
n. 吊裤带；裤子背带（suspender的复数）
 - galluses

Word: glower
Front: glower
[ˈglaʊə(r)] (宝 18728/17287)
Vocabulary: glower
(once / 3404 pages)
vn
If you see someone glower at you, you might consider glowering back, but no one likes an angry staring contest. To glower is not only to stare, it's to stare angrily, as if you're going to throttle someone.
You might already have guessed that glower isn't of Greek or Latin origin, since it doesn't ring any of those bells. Chances are that glower comes from northern Europe, where it's related to some old words that mean to "glow." It was probably in the 18th century that it took on the meaning "stare at angrily or sullenly." You can use its root, glo, to recall its meaning: a person that glowers seems to glow with anger.
WORD FAMILY
glower: glowered, glowering, glowers+/ glowering: gloweringly
USAGE EXAMPLES
His customarily lithe bass-baritone skews here toward an inky, glowering darkness, and his interpretation throughout is freighted with tragic import.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
The two continued to pose — Mr. Trump smiling; Mr. West glowering — while reporters tried to extract a comment from the normally opinionated musician.
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
A large statue of a bulldog with a double helix painted across its torso glowers in front of the Biotest Plasma Center.
Washington Post(Nov 22, 2016)
Back: vi. 怒视
时态：glowered, glowering, glowers
分布：怒视(67%)，怒目而视(33%)
→glow, 发光，照耀。-er, 表反复。引申义怒视，眼睛喷火，比较同源词glare.
【记】glow（vi 发光；发热），er－眼睛发光地看一怒目而视
US [-ɚ] verb intransitive
■to look very angry, annoyed or threatening 怒视；虎视眈眈；咄咄逼人地盯着
• There's no point glowering at me like that - you know the rules. 你用这种威胁的目光看我毫无意义——你是知道规则的。
• figurative Large black rain clouds glowered (= looked likely to produce rain) in the sky. 大团大团的乌云密布空中。
vi. 怒目而视；瞪眼
 - look black, stare after
n. 怒视；热切的注视；灯丝
 - filament

Word: defenseman
Front: defenseman
[dɪ'fensmən] (18720/-)
Back: n. <主美>（冰球等中的）防守队员

Word: crafty
Front: crafty
[ˈkrɑ:fti] (托宝 18577/14501 -1)
Vocabulary: crafty
(once / 1073 pages)
adj
If people call you crafty, they probably mean you are sly and a little deceptive. Then again, they could be saying that you are really good at knitting, beading, or turning old t-shirts into funky pillowcases.
The adjective crafty comes from the Old English word cræftig, which meant “strong” or “powerful,” but the meaning of crafty these days has to do with being skilled at getting what you want through manipulation, deceit and trickery. Dickens’ Artful Dodger, the con-man from "Oliver Twist," is crafty. Handmade items, and sometimes the people who make them, can also be called crafty, like your crafty sister who always makes you unique birthday gifts.
WORD FAMILY
crafty: craftier, craftiest, craftily, craftiness, craftyly+/ craft: crafted, crafter, crafting, crafts, crafty /crafter: crafters
USAGE EXAMPLES
His co-main event Friday will be the third of the year for the crafty bantamweight champ.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The signs the protesters carried were predictably crafty.
Salon(Dec 20, 2016)
Get crafty this holiday season with homemade gifts from the kitchen.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: adj. 狡猾的，狡诈的; 巧妙的，灵巧的
adv. 狡猾地，狡诈地
n. 狡猾，狡诈
级别：craftier, craftiest
分布：狡猾的(84%)，巧妙的(10%)，熟练的(6%)
→来自craft, 工艺。
【记】craft（n 手腕；技巧；诡计）
US ['kræf-] adjective
■clever, especially in a dishonest or secret way 狡猾的；狡诈的；诡计多端的
• I've had a crafty idea for getting round the regulations. 我想出了个妙计可以不受这些规定的约束。
• She was a crafty old woman. 她是个诡计多端的老太太。
adj. 狡猾的；灵巧的
 - designing, knowing, subtle, tricky, neat

Word: Prussian

Word: humbly
Front: humbly
['hʌmblɪ] (18569/19068)
Back: adv. 谦逊地; 恭顺地; 卑微地; 卑贱地
分布：谦卑地(67%)，恭顺地(33%)
adverb
■in a way that shows that you do not think yourself important 谦恭地，谦虚地
• He very humbly ascribes his success to his wife. 他非常谦虚地把他的成功归功于他的妻子。
adv. 谦逊地；卑贱地；低声下气地
 - condescendingly, meanly

Word: junkyard
Front: junkyard
[ˈdʒʌŋkjɑ:d] (18530/-)
Vocabulary: junkyard
(once / 35708 pages)
n
A junkyard is a place where garbage is kept, especially scrap metal, until it's sold. Most of the trash in a junkyard can be reused or recycled.
Piles of rusted metal and smashed bodies of old cars are common sights at a junkyard. The word clearly comes from the junk, or trash, that's stored there — and although it is undeniably junky, it's also got some value to companies that recycle metal. Junkyards are also called "wrecking yards" or "scrapyards." A "junkyard dog" is a guard dog that keeps watch overnight in case thieves try to steal valuable metal.
WORD FAMILY
junkyard: junkyards
USAGE EXAMPLES
Until she starts talking about running diagnostics on a faulty engine or scavenging the junkyard with her grandfather, Ambrose Garcia.
Washington Times(Nov 26, 2016)
Three months before a bazaar, Buskirk spends all day almost every day in his junkyard and garage welding and perfecting his creations.
Washington Times(Nov 09, 2016)
In this political season, sensible narrative is just another piece of kindling for the junkyard fire.
Washington Post(Nov 06, 2016)
Back: n. <美>废物堆积场
分布：名词(100%)
US [-jɑ:rd] mainly US
noun countable
■a place to which people take large things such as old furniture or machines that they no longer want （堆放旧家俱、旧机器等的）废物场

Word: advisable
Front: advisable
[ədˈvaɪzəbl] (研四六托宝 18573/8630 -1)
Vocabulary: advisable
(once / 748 pages)
adj
Something that's advisable makes a lot of sense — enough so that you'd recommend it to a friend. For example, it might be advisable for you to go visit a college before deciding to go there as a student.
Use the adjective advisable when you talk about actions that are completely wise and fitting. It's advisable to change the batteries in your smoke detector and wait for the walk sign to cross the street. It's also advisable to save some money every month and to consult your entire family before bringing home a puppy. Advisable comes from the verb advise, or suggest, with its Old French root, aviser, "deliberate, reflect, or consider."
WORD FAMILY
advisable: advisability, advisabler, advisablest, advisably, inadvisable, unadvisable+/ advise: advisable, advised, advisee, advisement, adviser, advises, advising, advisor, advisory, misadvise/advised: advisedly, ill-advised, unadvised/advisee: advisees/advisement: advisements/ adviser: advisers/ advisor: advisors/ advisory: advisories/ inadvisable: inadvisability, inadvisably/misadvise: misadvised, misadvising/unadvisable: unadvisably/unadvised: unadvisedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The doctor had told him he was lucky to be walking, that boxing was definitely out and that doing other things was advisable.
BBC(Nov 30, 2016)
He agreed that it was advisable to order extra heart tests for patients taking checkpoint combinations.
New York Times(Nov 02, 2016)
Cold turkey may not be advisable, given legitimate Trump-related news that may demand attention.
Washington Post(Oct 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 明智的; 可取的; 能劝告的; 适当的
分布：明智的(65%)，可取的(35%)
a.可取的,适当的,明智的It is not advisable to drink too much.喝酒不可过量.
【记】来自advise（vt 劝告，忠告，建议）；advisory（adj 劝告的）
adjective [after verb]
■If something is advisable, it will avoid problems if you do it 明智的；可取的；适当的
• [+ to infinitive] It's advisable to book seats at least a week in advance. 最好至少提前一周预订座位。
• A certain amount of caution is advisable at this point. 此刻保持适度谨慎是明智的。
adj. 明智的，可取的，适当的
 - suitable, wise, adequate, appropriate, proper

Word: one-stop
Front: one-stop
[ˈwʌnˌstɔp] None
Back: adj. 单独一处就可以提供各种服务的
分布：一站式的(50%)，一应俱全的(25%)，品种齐全的(25%)
US [-stɑ:p] adjective
■describes activities that involve stopping at a single place 一站式的；全方位的
• We offer our customers one-stop banking services and investment advice. 我们向顾客提供一站式银行服务和投资建议。

Word: Hopi
Front: Hopi
['həʊpi] (18435/-)
Back: n. 霍皮语；霍皮人
分布：霍皮语(100%)

Word: ostrich
Front: ostrich
[ˈɒstrɪtʃ] (宝 18490/20008 -1)
Back: n. 鸵鸟; 逃避现实的人
分布：驼鸟(78%)，驼鸟般的人(22%)
→来自拉丁语ostrica,鸵鸟。因鸵鸟在遇到危险时喜欢把头扎进沙子里面，因此引申词义逃避现实的人。
US ['ɑ:.strɪtʃ] noun countable
BIRD 鸟
■a very large bird from Africa which cannot fly 鸵鸟
• The ostrich is the fastest animal on two legs. 鸵鸟是跑得最快的两足动物。
UK ['ɒs.trɪtʃ] US ['ɑ:.strɪtʃ] noun countable
PERSON 人 informal
■someone who says that a problem does not exist, because they do not want to deal with it 逃避现实者，不愿正视现实者
• If you're an ostrich about your debts, you're only going to make matters worse: it would be much better to take your head out of the sand and face facts, however unpleasant. 如果你不愿正视自己的债务问题，只会让事情变得更糟糕：不管有多么令人不快，勇敢抬起头来正视现实会好得多。

Word: sedative
Front: sedative
[ˈsedətɪv] (宝 18556/20368 -1)
Vocabulary: sedative
(once / 5925 pages)
adjn
A sedative is a drug that calms you down. If a patient is freaking out about getting an MRI or minor surgery, the doctor might prescribe a sedative to chill them out.
A sedative is anything that makes you sedate — peaceful, calm, tranquil. In medicine this word refers to drugs that relieve anxiety or tranquilizers that pretty much knock you out. But other non-pharmaceutical things can have sedative effects, like a soothing cup of tea or a relaxing glass of wine. The tryptophan in turkey is actually a natural sedative — that's why everyone is sleepy after Thanksgiving dinner!
WORD FAMILY
sedative: sedatively, sedatives+/ sedate: sedated, sedately, sedateness, sedater, sedates, sedatest, sedating, sedation, sedative
USAGE EXAMPLES
Wildlife biologist Rachael Alderman, from the Marine Conservation Program, said the relocation happened without incident after the sedative wore off.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
Antidepressants were the most common prescription, followed by anxiolytics, sedatives and hypnotics, and antipsychotics.
Time(Dec 12, 2016)
Alabama uses the sedative midazolam as the first drug in a three-drug lethal injection combination.
Time(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. [医]镇静剂，止痛药; 能使安静的东西
adj. 镇静的，镇定的，止痛的; 使镇静的，使安静的
分布：镇静剂(73%)，能使安静的东西(12%)，使安静的(9%)，使镇静的(6%)
→sedate,使镇静，-ive,名词后缀。
镇静的(sed坐+ative)[-arive表形容词."有…倾向(性质)的"]
US [-tˌɪv] noun countable
■a drug used to calm a person or animal or to make them sleep 镇静药；镇静剂
n. [药] [医] 镇静剂；能使安静的东西；止痛药
 - killer, tranquillizer
adj. [医] 使镇静的；使安静的
 - calmative

Word: role-playing
Front: role-playing
['rəʊlpl'eɪɪŋ] None
Back: n. 角色扮演，角色模仿
分布：角色扮演(60%)，角色模仿(40%)
n. 角色扮演，角色模仿
 - role plays, dressing up

Word: left-hander
Front: left-hander
[ˈleftˈhændə] None
Back: n. 左撇子，笨拙，左手投球; （在拳击中）用左手的一击，意外的打击
分布：惯用左手的人(100%)
US [-dɚ] noun countable
■someone who uses their left hand to write and do most things 左撇子
■(also left) informal
■a hit with the left hand 用左手的一击
• a powerful left-hander 左手有力的一击
n. 左撇子，惯用左手的人；左手投球；笨拙
 - southpaw, awkwardness

Word: gamma-ray
Front: gamma-ray
['ɡæmər'eɪ] None
Back: γ射线
分布：伽马射线(100%)

Word: hindrance
Front: hindrance
[ˈhɪndrəns] (六 18548/14736)
Vocabulary: hindrance
(once / 1461 pages)
n
A hindrance is something in the way, an obstacle. An untied shoelace is a hindrance to walking, and tripping in the lunchroom might be a hindrance to getting a seat at the cool table.
You might hear the phrase, "more of a hindrance than a help." It means that something intended to be a positive force has the opposite effect, like when your four-year-old sister tries to help you make dinner. Hindrance refers to the act of slowing things down, or the thing that's causing the problem, like your "helpful" little sister. It's the noun form of the verb hinder, which is "to get in the way."
WORD FAMILY
hindrance: hindrances+/ hinder: hindered, hindering, hinders, hindrance /hindered: unhindered/hindering: hinderingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
And many in Belarus said the country’s reputation as Europe’s last dictatorship is no hindrance to their work.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 06, 2016)
This formula, however, holds only if lack of pipeline capacity is a major hindrance to oil development.
Slate(Nov 30, 2016)
Hitler’s next appointment, Tanner said, was a military leader who believed a religious minority was a hindrance and so he founded the Gestapo.
Washington Times(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: n. 妨害，障碍; 障碍物; 起妨碍作用的人
分布：起妨碍作用的事物或人(100%)
→来自hinder,妨碍，阻挡。
noun countable usually singular uncountable
■something which makes it more difficult for you to do something or for something to develop 阻碍，障碍
• I've never considered my disability a hindrance, but other people have. 我从来没有把自己的残疾看成是一种障碍，可是其他人不这么想。
obstruction, barrier, hindrance, obstacle, bar
这组词都有“障碍(物)”的意思，其区别是：
obstruction: 常既指具体的障碍又可指抽象或喻意上的阻碍。
barrier: 常指临时的或者可能跨越的障碍。
hindrance: 指妨碍他人进步或做事的人或物。
obstacle: 指在达到目的或前进的过程中必须消除或绕过的障碍物，也指起阻碍作用等情况。
bar: 既可指阻止进出或通过的栅栏一类的障碍物，也可用于抽象意义障碍。
n. 障碍；妨碍；妨害； [化学] 阻碍物
 - intervention, prevention, obstacle, let, bar

Word: Christmastime
Front: Christmastime
['krɪsməs.taɪm] (16446/-)
Back: n. 圣诞节期（等于Christmastide）
分布：圣诞节期(85%)，=Christmastide.(15%)
['krɪs.məs.taɪm] (old use Christmastide)
noun uncountable
■the period just before and after Christmas Day 圣诞节期间

Word: unholy
Front: unholy
[ʌnˈhəʊli] (18561/18761)
Back: adj. 不神圣的; 不洁净的; 邪恶的; 不合理的
分布：不神圣的(58%)，邪恶的(42%)
US [-'hoʊ-] adjective
CAUSING HARM 造成伤害的
■describes a combination of things when it is very bad, harmful or unpleasant 邪恶的；十分有害的；令人很不快的
• Religious fanatics have formed an unholy alliance with right wing groups. 宗教狂热分子已经和右翼集团结成了罪恶的联盟。
• There was a smell emanating from the fridge - an unholy combination of over-ripe cheese and unwrapped fish. 冰箱里散发出一种难闻的气味——是熟烂的起司和打开包装的鱼散发出的混合味道。
UK [ʌn'həʊ.li] US [-'hoʊ-] adjective
EXTREME 极端的
[before noun] informal
■extreme and unacceptable 过分的；极端的；难以容忍的
• an unholy mess/row/noise 无法忍受的杂乱／吵闹／噪音
adj. 不神圣的；罪恶的；不适宜的
 - criminal, villainous

Word: stand-up
Front: stand-up
[ˈstændʌp] (-1)
Back: adj. 站立的；直立的；说单口相声的; 光明正大的，敢说敢干的，坦率正直的，不耍手段的，凭真功夫的; （衣领）直立的
分布：直立的(37%)，站立的(27%)，单口喜剧(18%)，直面镜头的电视节目(9%)，单口的(9%)
→缩写自 stand-up comedy,单口相声，独角喜剧。如在美国从事单口相声表演的中国人黄西。
adjective [before noun]
■describes comedy performed by a single person telling jokes （喜剧）单人表演的，单口的
• stand-up comedy 单人喜剧
• a stand-up comedian 单口相声演员
['stænd.ʌp] noun countable
■a person who performs stand-up comedy ; a stand-up comedian 单人滑稽演员；单口相声演员
adj. 站立的；直立的；说单口相声的
 - vertical, upright

Word: determinism
Front: determinism
[dɪˈtɜ:mɪnɪzəm] (18526/17030)
Back: n. 决定论; 宿命论
分布：决定论(99%)，命定性(1%)
→来自determine, 确定，明确。
US [-'tɝ:-] specialized
noun uncountable
■the theory that everything which happens must happen as it does and could not have happened any other way 决定论

Word: polygamy
Front: polygamy
[pəˈlɪgəmi] (18740/37902)
Vocabulary: polygamy
(once / 2479 pages)
n
Polygamy is the practice of being married to more than one husband or wife at a time.
Polygamy comes from the Late Greek word polygamos, meaning “often married.” While viewed as controversial in the Western world, polygamy is a custom that's been practiced by humans throughout history, and is still practiced in many places. It was a distinguishing characteristic of early Mormonism — founder Joseph Smith had more than 30 wives. In zoology, monogamy, or having only one mate, is rare, while polygamy, the mating habit of animals with numerous mates, is much more common.
WORD FAMILY
polygamy: polygamies, polygamist, polygamous +/ polygamist: polygamists/ polygamous: polygamously
USAGE EXAMPLES
And to Charles in Vermont, no, in Canada they are not allowed to practice polygamy, spousal abuse, or honor killings.
New York Times(Jun 30, 2016)
Polygamy is legal for Muslim males in Pakistan but widely seen as a sign of hard-core conservatism.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Mr. Kadyrov also supports polygamy in Chechnya, even though it is illegal in Russia.
New York Times(Nov 22, 2016)
Back: n. 多配偶（制），一夫多妻（制）或一妻多夫（制）; 多妻制; 多偶制; 一夫多妻制
分布：一夫多妻制(72%)，多配偶制(28%)
→poly-,多，复，聚，-gam,结婚，配对，词源同gamete,monogamy.
noun uncountable
■the fact or custom of being married to more than one person at the same time 多配偶（制）

Word: jaunty
Front: jaunty
[ˈdʒɔ:nti] (宝 18576/20926 -1)
Vocabulary: jaunty
(once / 2088 pages)
1adj 2adj
Jaunty combines ideas such as cheerful, spiffy, upbeat, and natty into one delightfully economical adjective that means all of those things at once!
A jaunty hat is one that's stylish and cheerful at the same time, a quality that can be accentuated if the person wears it in a jaunty fashion, perhaps off to the side or over one eye. Playing the part of a jaunty person is easy if you're feeling upbeat and chipper and want the world to know it. Elves are often jaunty in their own way. Sporting their spiffy outfits and featuring that trademark cheerful spring in their step. The fact they always seem so lively and eager to chat only increases the jaunty impression they make. One can't be blamed for wanting to take a jaunt with the jaunty little guys.
WORD FAMILY
jaunty: jauntier, jauntiest, jauntily, jauntiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The festive bottle of St. Bernardus, which features the brewery’s trademark smiling monk sporting a jaunty Santa hat, is comparatively restrained.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
It is trimmed with a jaunty red stripe and name plates designating its long-ago owner: Chicago station WGN-TV.
Washington Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Slice it diagonally; it’s easier to eat that way and it looks jaunty too.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: adj. 快活的; 洋洋得意的; 活泼的; 自信满满的
adv. 心满意足地，洋洋得意地
n. 心满意足; 洋洋得意
分布：洋洋得意的(58%)，轻松活泼的(28%)，有教养的(14%)
→来自古法语gentil,出身高贵的，友好的，愉悦的，词源同gentle,gentleman.并由出身好的引申傲慢，得意等相关词义。
【记】源于：jaunt（n 远足；短途旅游）＝joy＋aunt，姑奶奶很joy，是因为愉快的短程旅游。
【反】staid（adj 沉静的）
US ['dʒɑ:n.tˌi] adjective
■showing that you are happy and confident 轻松活泼的；喜气洋洋的
• a jaunty grin/step. 喜气洋洋的咧嘴微笑／轻松活泼的步伐
• When he came back his hat was at a jaunty angle and he was smiling. 他回来时，得意洋洋地歪戴着帽子，脸上带着微笑。
adj. 快活的；活泼的；洋洋得意的；感到自信和自满的
 - alive, lively, activated, sunny

Word: reveler
Front: reveler
['revlə] (18580/-)
Vocabulary: reveler
(once / 12135 pages)
n
If you're a reveler, you're celebrating something or noisily enjoying yourself. A lively birthday party is full of revelers.
You're most likely to see revelers during a festive occasion, like a block party or a family reunion at a roller rink. A reveler is easy to spot — she's probably laughing or talking loudly. Reveler comes from the verb revel, "to enjoy one's self in a noisy way," from the Old French reveler, also spelled rebeller, "be disorderly, make merry, or be riotous." Reveler shares a Latin root with the word rebel.
WORD FAMILY
reveler: revelers+/ revel: reveled, reveler, reveling, revelled, reveller, revelling, revelry, revels/reveller: revellers/ revelry: revelries
USAGE EXAMPLES
Hundreds of revelers were at the club when it was attacked at 1 a.m.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
The gunman killed a Turkish police officer outside the Reina nightclub before opening fire on holiday revelers inside shortly after 1 a.m.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Several shocked revelers were seen fleeing the scene after the attack, and the music fell silent.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 摆设酒宴者，饮酒狂欢者
分布：摆设酒宴者(44%)，饮酒狂欢者(42%)，=reveller.(14%)
n. 欢宴者，狂欢者；饮酒狂欢者；摆设酒宴者
 - merrymaking

Word: orthopaedic
Front: orthopaedic
[ˌɔ:θə'pi:dɪk] (18599/15282)
Back: adj. 整形外科的
分布：=orthopedic.(100%)
US [ˌɔ:r.θə-] adjective [before noun] specialized
■relating to orthopaedics 整形的；矫形的
• an orthopaedic surgeon/specialist/hospital 矫形外科医生／专家／医院
■designed to prevent or treat bone injuries 用于矫形的
• an orthopaedic mattress 矫形床垫
• orthopaedic shoes 矫形鞋

Word: unbeaten
Front: unbeaten
[ʌnˈbi:tn] (18753/9370 -2)
Back: adj. 未被打破、击败或超过的; （路等）人迹罕至（或未至）的; 未打过的; 未搅拌的
分布：未被践踏的(67%)，未被打破的或击败的(33%)
adjective
■in sports, having won every game （在体育比赛中）保持全胜的，未尝败绩的
• Manchester United remain unbeaten this season so far. 曼联队本赛季到目前为止保持全胜纪录。
adj. 未被击败的；未被践踏的；未搅打的
 - undefeated

Word: chomp
Front: chomp
[tʃɒmp] (18586/26250)
Vocabulary: chomp
(once / 26149 pages)
vn
To chomp is to bite something in a greedy, noisy way. If you've got five minutes to eat breakfast, you might quickly chomp your bagel as you walk to catch the bus.
People who chomp their food are either extremely hungry or somewhat ill-mannered: watching someone chomp a hamburger and fries can make you lose your appetite. You can also use chomp as a noun, to mean "a great big bite," as when your brother grabs your slice of pizza and takes a chomp. The word has been used in American English since the mid-1600s, from the earlier verb champ.
WORD FAMILY
chomp: chomped, chomping, chomps
USAGE EXAMPLES
Here’s why you should chomp down on it.
Time(Dec 28, 2016)
Many meat-eating dinosaurs lost teeth as they chomped on prey.
Science Magazine(Dec 22, 2016)
His rhetoric suggests he’s chomping at the bit for a trade war.
The Guardian(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: vi. 切齿，格格地咬牙，咬响牙齿
时态：chomped, chomping, chomps
分布：大声地咀嚼(50%)，有力的咀嚼(25%)，反复咀嚼(25%)
→来自champ拼写变体，拟声词。
US [tʃɑ:mp] (also champ) informal
verb intransitive or transitive
■to chew food noisily 大声咀嚼
• He was chomping away on a bar of chocolate. 他嘎嘣嘎嘣地啃着一块巧克力。
• There she sat, happily chomping her breakfast. 她坐在那里，津津有味地吃着早餐。
vi. 格格地咬牙，咬响牙齿；切齿
 - gear cutting

Word: roller-coaster
Front: roller-coaster
['rəʊlərk'əʊstər] (-1)
Back: n. 过山车
N-COUNT
过山车;云霄飞车
A roller-coaster is a small railway at a fair that goes up and down steep slopes fast and that people ride on for pleasure or excitement.
例：It's great to go on the roller coaster five times and not be sick.坐了5次云霄飞车都没晕，真是太棒了。
N-COUNT
许多急转突变;忽好忽坏
If you say that someone or something is on a roller coaster, you mean that they go through many sudden or extreme changes in a short time.
例：I've been on an emotional roller-coaster since I've been here...自从我到了这里，情绪就起伏不定。
例：Over the last few years Japan's socialists have seen their electoral popularity take a roller-coaster ride.在过去的几年里，日本社会党在选民中的支持率忽高忽低。

Word: unconscionable
Front: unconscionable
[ʌnˈkɒnʃənəbl] (宝 18598/36199)
Vocabulary: unconscionable
(once / 8559 pages)
adj
Something that is almost unimaginably unacceptable is unconscionable. Think of it as being something that no reasonable person would even think of doing or saying — something unbelievable, outrageous, and often horrible.
The word unconscionable is related to the word conscience. Add the un-, and you can see that it refers to something done without applying good moral judgment. The word first appeared in the mid-16th century — presumably everyone up until that time had high scruples and never did or said anything beyond the boundaries of conscience. Sadly, the antonym, conscionable, is rarely used, and, in fact, has been obsolete since the 18th century, though unconscionable remains in frequent use.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
unconscionable / unconscious
These two words look and sound similar. In fact, if you think too hard about them together, you might find your tongue tripping over them.
The older unconscionable, dating back to the 1560s, is the absence of reason or right; having no idea between right and wrong:
She said she finds WWE's simulated rape scenes "unconscionable.''
It is unconscionable that the Obama Administration is gambling with American lives.
Attempting to fence them out of their home is unconscionable.
Relative newcomer unconscious originated in 1712, meaning unaware. In the 1860s, it picked up the meaning to lose consciousness, to not be awake:
Fidgeting and Doodling Could Be Unconscious Focus Tools
Woman attacked and left unconscious under bridge in Edinburgh
Zsa Zsa Gabor is unconscious as she's been fitted with a feeding tube in the hospital.
Both words descend from the Old French conscience (inner knowledge), which in turn comes from the Latin conscientia, which means both inner knowledge and a knowledge of right and wrong.
How can you tell these cousins apart? Unconscionable's opposite would be the obsolete conscionable,and it sometimes seems right behavior is also obsolete in our society—just look at our example sentences! If that's not the word you're after, it must be unconscious.
WORD FAMILY
unconscionable: unconscionably+/ conscience: conscienceless, consciences, conscientious, conscionable/conscienceless: consciencelessly/ conscientious: conscientiously, conscientiousness, unconscientious/conscionable: conscionably, unconscionable /unconscientious: unconscientiously, unconscientiousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ted Cruz’s unconscionable defense of Senate’s despicable blocking of Obama Supreme Court appointment, and threat to continue under a Clinton administration.
Salon(Jan 01, 2017)
“Beyond the monetary damage his victims suffered pursuing the defendant’s fictional job opportunities, they endured emotional trauma and unconscionable loss of privacy through his deception.”
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
What is happening in North Carolina is unconscionable.
Time(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 昧着良心的，不合理的，过分的; 没良心
分布：不合理的(72%)，过度的(20%)，没有条理的(8%)
无节制的(un+conscionabe明智的)[un-①表示"不,无,非,没有"②表示"打开,解开,弄出"]
【记】un不，conscionable（adj 凭良心的；正直的）：不受良心控制的
US [-'kɑ:n-] formal disapproving
adjective
■An unconscionable size, amount, or length of time is too great and is unacceptable （尺寸、数量或时间）过大的，过多的，过长的
• They had both drunk an unconscionable quantity of red wine the previous night. 前一个晚上他俩都喝了太多的红酒。
adj. 不合理的；昧着良心的；肆无忌惮的；过度的
 - unreasonable, irrational

Word: ticker
Front: ticker
[ˈtɪkə(r)] (18563/35972)
Back: n. 老式的股票价格收报机; 庆祝、欢迎等场合所散发的五彩纸带; <俚>心脏
分布：心脏(80%)，股票行情自动收录器(10%)，滴答作响的东西(10%)
→俚语，来自 tick,滴答声。
US [-ɚ] informal
noun countable
■a heart 心脏
n. 滴答响的东西；自动收报机；钟表；断续器
 - horologium, tikker

Word: rash
Front: rash
[ræʃ] (研六 8937/11233 -2)
Vocabulary: rash
(once / 435 pages)
1adj 2n
A rash is something that spreads like wild fire — red itchy skin or a series of unfortunate events. It can also describe an impulsive, wild decision.
As an adjective, rash has meant "quick, vigorous" since the 1300s by way of Scotland. The meaning shifted to "reckless" a few hundred years later, and can still be used that way — a "rash decision" is a sudden, not well thought out one. Rash, the noun that no one wants on their skin, came a few hundred years after that, but from the French word rache which at some point meant "ringworm." Ringworm still gives us a red, itchy rash. Fun! Rash can also mean a lot of unpleasant things happening in a short amount of time, like robberies or earthquakes.
WORD FAMILY
rash: rashes, rashest, rashly, rashness+/rashness: rashnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
She recalled how wearing a hairpiece caused a rash.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
Cleveland dressed only 10 players thanks to a rash of recent injuries.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
For now, the more pressing priority is weathering an uncommon rash of injuries in the frontcourt.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 鲁莽的，轻率的; 性急的; 不顾后果的
n. （皮）疹; 爆发; 同时大量出现的事件
分布：疹子(39%)，轻率的(25%)，鲁莽的(24%)，大量(12%)
→可能来自俗拉丁语*rasicare,刮，擦，来自拉丁语 radere,刮，擦，词源同 rat,eraser.
a.轻率的,鲁莽的n.皮疹It was rash of you to say so.你那样说真是太卤莽了.
【记】源于：brash（adj 仓促无礼的）r＝run，ash灰：跑到灰里去了－鲁莽的
【反】circumspective（adj 慎重的）
noun
SKIN CONDITION 皮肤状况
countable or uncountable
■a lot of small red spots on the skin 皮疹，疹子
• I've got an itchy rash all over my chest. 我胸部出满了疹子，痒得要命。
• He came out/up in a rash after he fell in a patch of nettles. 他摔倒在一片荨麻地里，结果身上就起了疹子。
• If you stay in the sun too long you'll get (a) heat rash. 如果你在阳光下呆得太久，就会生痱子。
[ræʃ] noun
LARGE NUMBER 大量
a rash of sth
■a large number of unpleasant events of the same type （一下子出现的）大量令人不快的事
• There has been a rash of robberies/accidents/complaints in the last two months. 过去两个月中，突然发生很多起抢劫案／一下出了很多宗事故／接二连三收到多宗投诉。
[ræʃ] adjective
■careless or unwise, without thought for what might happen or result 轻率的；鲁莽的；毛躁的
• That was a rash decision - you didn't think about the costs involved. 那个决定太轻率了——你没有考虑到这样做的代价。
• [+ to infinitive] I think it was a bit rash of them to get married when they'd only known each other for a few weeks. 我觉得他们刚认识几周就结婚有些草率。
adj. 轻率的；鲁莽的；不顾后果的
 - hasty, imprudent
n. [皮肤] 皮疹；突然大量出现的事物
 - quat, tetter

Word: conservatory
Front: conservatory
[kənˈsɜ:vətri] (托雅宝 18578/8987 -1)
Vocabulary: conservatory
(once / 1841 pages)
1n 2n
A conservatory is a place to grow. It could be one of those glass greenhouses where rare and delicate plants can thrive. Or it could be a place to grow your artistic talent — like a music conservatory.
A conservatory can conserve more than just plants; it can conserve culture, too. And so we have the conservatory as a school for the fine arts, in particular ballet and classical music — often known by their fancy French title, conservatoire. The word comes from the Latin word conservare, meaning "to preserve."
WORD FAMILY
conservatory: conservatories
USAGE EXAMPLES
Her father was a diplomat, and she spent her early years in Germany and Austria, studying violin and piano at the Vienna Conservatory.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Season's Greenings remains open through Jan. 2; the conservatory is open daily from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m., and admission is free.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
The work was performed once in 1909, but was lost until this year, when a librarian discovered it at the St. Petersburg Conservatory.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. （培植植物的）温室，暖房; 音乐学校
adj. 有保存力的; 保管人的
分布：温室(57%)，音乐学院(43%)
暖房;音乐学院(conserve保存,保全)[-atory 1.表形容词"有…性质的"2.表名词"场所,地点"]
温室,音乐学院(conserve保存,保留)[-ory 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词,指场所等]
【记】conserve（vt 保存；保藏），atory表示地方：保存蔬菜和艺术家的地方。
US [-'sɝ:.və.tɔ:.ri] noun countable
SCHOOL 学校 (UK also conservatoire)
■a school for the teaching of music or sometimes acting or art 音乐学院；戏剧学院；艺术学院
UK [kən'sɜ:.və.tri] US [-'sɝ:.və.tɔ:.ri] noun countable
ROOM 房间 (US also solarium)
■a glass room, usually connected to a house, in which plants are grown and kept 温室，玻璃暖房
n. [园艺] 温室；音乐学校
 - greenhouse, heated housing
adj. 有保存力的；保存性的
 - preservative

Word: extermination
Front: extermination
[ɪkˌstɜ:mɪ'neɪʃn] (18574/21446)
Vocabulary: extermination
(once / 3022 pages)
n
When an entire group of living things is killed, that's extermination. If ants have taken over your entire kitchen, marching across the counter and up the sides of the cabinets, you might have to resort to extermination.
If you smack just one mosquito, it's not extermination — a whole group must be destroyed in order to call it extermination. Spraying pesticides on your lawn to eradicate every dandelion is extermination, but if you do that you might be contributing to the inadvertent extermination of honey bees too. This destructive noun comes from the Latin exterminare, "drive out, expel, or destroy."
WORD FAMILY
extermination: exterminations+/exterminable: inexterminable/ exterminate: exterminable, exterminated, exterminates, exterminating, extermination, exterminator/exterminator: exterminators
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Never again!” explains why Germany, remembering the deadly fate of its Jews trying to escape extermination, opened its borders last summer.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
Contemplating the extermination of Aleppo and its people, I was reminded of a sentence that I read this summer.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Hanning’s trial was swiftly wrapped up in four months, and he was sentenced to five years in prison for “facilitating slaughter” at the extermination camp.
The Guardian(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 消灭，根绝
分布：灭绝(88%)，根绝(12%)
VERB
消灭;灭绝;根除
To exterminate a group of people or animals means to kill all of them.
例：A huge effort was made to exterminate the rats...灭鼠花了大力气。
例：They have a real fear that they'll be exterminated in the ongoing civil war...他们十分害怕自己会在持续的内战中被彻底消灭。
n. 消灭；根绝
 - extinction, eradication

Word: soiled
Front: soiled
[sɔɪld] (18537/20750)
Back: adj. 污染的
v. 弄脏，污辱( soil的过去式和过去分词 )
分布：污染的(88%)，动词soil的过去式和过去分词形式.(12%)
adjective
■dirty 脏的，弄脏的
• soiled clothes 弄脏的衣服
adj. 污染的
 - tainted, pollutional
n. 污渍
 - blot
v. 弄脏（soil的过去分词）
 - blotted

Word: effigy
Front: effigy
[ˈefɪdʒi] (托宝 18533/19281)
Vocabulary: effigy
(once / 1904 pages)
n
In modern usage, effigy most often refers to a likeness, such as a dummy, that is hanged, burned, or otherwise abused when protesting the despised person's actions.
If you've encountered the phrase "in effigy,” it's probably been in a news report about protesters burning a stuffed figure made to look like a loathed corporate leader or head of state. Since the 18th century or longer, effigies have been destroyed in place of individuals who, as far as the angry crowd is concerned, have escaped justice. Effigy can also refer to a sculptural portrait of the deceased reclining upon a burial monument.
WORD FAMILY
effigy: effigies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Though it’s tempting to burn 2016 in effigy, the bright spot this year was television.
Washington Post(Dec 08, 2016)
Rose encouraged moments later as a few fans thwacked the arms and legs off the Trump effigy.
Time(Dec 02, 2016)
Each year the citizens of Gävle go to great time and expense to build a giant goat effigy in the town’s Slottstorget square.
Time(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. （人的）雕像，模拟像，肖像
分布：肖像(42%)，雕像(30%)，模拟像(28%)
→ef-, 向外。-fig, 形成，形象，词源同figure, fiction. 引申义雕像，小雕像。
【记】ef出，fig人，肖像，形状
【参】figment（n 臆造事；虚构事）；figure（n 外形；轮廓；画像）
noun countable
■a model or other object which represents someone, especially one of a hated person which is hung or burnt in a public place （尤指被憎恨的人的）模拟像，雕像；画像：
• Crowds marched through the streets carrying burning effigies of the president. 示威群众举着燃烧的总统画像沿街游行。
n. [建] 雕像，肖像
 - image, statue, portrait, icon

Word: hopeful
Front: hopeful
[ˈhəʊpfl] (高研四六 5116/6877 -2)
Vocabulary: hopeful
(once / 324 pages)
adjn
If you're hopeful about something, you're optimistic. You think it's going to turn out OK. Your team has been doing well in practice, so you're hopeful that you'll win the finals.
Hopeful comes from the word hope, meaning "optimism about a future event," and the suffix -ful, meaning "full." So if you're hopeful, you're full of hope: you think something good is going to happen. You might be hopeful that you'll be offered a job after your great interview. Used as a noun, hopeful can describe a promising person who wants to succeed at a particular goal. The charismatic young politician is a hopeful for the next election.
WORD FAMILY
hopeful: hopefully, hopefulness, hopefuls, unhopeful+/ hope: hoped, hopeful, hopeless, hoper, hopes, hoping/hoped: unhoped/ hopeless: hopelesser, hopelessly, hopelessness/hopelessness: hopelessnesss/hoper: hopers/unhoped: unhopedly/unhopeful: unhopefully
USAGE EXAMPLES
He is not as hopeful of the South Carolina Senate.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
After this year of fake news in US politics and elsewhere, I am hopeful that consumers of news will become much more discerning.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
I’m hopeful that 2017 will see the flickering resurgence of outdoor civic spaces blossom into something more profound and lasting.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 抱有希望的; 给人以希望的
n. 有成功希望的人
分布：有希望的(100%)
有希望的(hope希望)[-ful 1.表形容词"有…的"2.表名词"满,量"]
a.给人希望的,抱有希望的I am hopeful that she will come tomorrow.我对她明天要来抱着希望.
US ['hoʊp-] adjective
 IMPROVER
■having hope 抱有希望的，充满希望的
• He was hopeful about the outcome of the meeting. 他对会议的结果充满希望。
• They were hopeful of a successful agreement. 他们对成功达成协议充满希望。
• I'm hopeful (that) we can reach a compromise. 我对我们能达成和解充满希望。
■giving hope 给人以希望的
• The green shoots were hopeful signs of spring. 绿色的嫩芽是春天充满希望的象征。
UK ['həʊp.fəl] US ['hoʊp-] noun countable usually plural
■a person who is trying to get a part in a film, play for a famous football team, etc. 希望成名的人（设法参与电影拍摄，戏剧演出，著名足球俱乐部等等）
• Over a thousand young hopefuls went to the Theatre Royal today to audition for a part in the new musical. 一千多名希望成名的年轻人今天去皇家剧院，参加那出新音乐剧其中一个角色的试镜。
hopeful, optimistic
这组词都有“充满希望的，乐观看”的意思，其区别是：
hopeful: 着重有根据的希望，充满自信。
optimistic: 指性格乐观，对未来充满希望，有时抱有不切实际的幻想。
adj. 有希望的；有前途的
 - promising, likely

Word: dusky
Front: dusky
[ˈdʌski] (托 18555/21939)
Back: adj. 昏暗的，黑暗的
adv. 昏暗地，黑暗地
n. 昏暗，黑暗
级别：duskier, duskiest
分布：昏暗的(51%)，微黑的(37%)，带黑的(12%)
['dʌs.ki] literary
adjective
■dark in colour 黑色的，暗的
• In autumn, the leaves turn a dusky red. 秋天树叶变成了暗红色。
adj. 暗淡的；微暗的；忧郁的；朦胧的
 - dark, blue, dirty

Word: regressive
Front: regressive
[rɪˈgresɪv] (宝 18549/21102)
Vocabulary: regressive
(once / 24831 pages)
adj
Use the adjective regressive to describe something that moves backward instead of forward, like a society that grants women fewer and fewer rights each year.
To understand the word regressive, it's helpful to know that its antonym, or opposite, is progressive. When something is progressive, it tends to get better and more advanced. Something that's regressive, on the other hand, gets less developed or returns to an older state. Since the late 1800s, regressive has also labeled a kind of tax policy that rewards those who make more money and punishes those who make less.
WORD FAMILY
regressive: regressively+/ regress: regressed, regresses, regressing, regression, regressive / regression: regressions
USAGE EXAMPLES
Trump ran on racism, and now his team is all set to codify racism into some of the most regressive policies we’ve seen in decades.
Salon(Dec 26, 2016)
They are reluctant to raise council tax, whose regressive nature means that the poor would end up paying relatively more.
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
In fact, his plan is a slightly more regressive version of Ryan’s.
Slate(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 后退的; 逆行的; 退化的; 回归的
分布：退化的(43%)，回归的(41%)，退步的(16%)
【记】re反，gress走，ive－退步的
【反】forward（adj 早的；前进的）
[rɪ'gres.ɪv] formal
adjective
■(of tax) lower on large amounts of money, so that the rich are less affected （税收）递减的（对富人的影响比对穷人的小）
adj. [数] 回归的；后退的；退化的
 - degenerative, vestigial

Word: nightlife
Front: nightlife
[ˈnaɪtlaɪf] (18565/25867)
Vocabulary: nightlife
(once / 33867 pages)
n
Popular entertainment that happens after dark is called nightlife. In your small town, the nightlife might be all about disco night at the Elks Lodge.
Any social activity you take part in at night can be called nightlife, but the word usually describes things like dancing at clubs, big parties, and live music concerts. If you visit a large city, there is going to be more nightlife available than if you spend the summer in remote Alaska. This word, with its original definition, "habitual nocturnal carousing," dates from the 1850s.
WORD FAMILY
nightlife
USAGE EXAMPLES
Fabric’s sudden closure following two drug-related deaths last September sparked concerns for UK nightlife up and down the country.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Here are the best bets in nightlife, comedy, music and much more around the Washington area.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
He’s also an editor of a new book on the New York City club scene, “No Sleep: NYC Nightlife Flyers 1988-1999.”
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 夜生活
分布：夜生活(100%)
noun uncountable
■entertainment and social activities which happen in the evening in bars and nightclubs 夜生活
• There isn't much nightlife at the resort - you'll have to go into the main town for that. 在这个渡假胜地没有多少夜生活——你要到市区去才有。

Word: deep-sea
Front: deep-sea
[ˈdi:pˈsi:] None
Back: adj. 深海的，远洋的
分布：深海的(67%)，远洋的(33%)
ADJ
深海的;远洋的
Deep-sea activities take place in the areas of the sea that are a long way from the coast.
例：...deep-sea diving.深海潜水
例：...a deep-sea fisherman.在深海捕捞的渔民
adj. 深海的
 - dipsy, bathybic

Word: deliciously
Front: deliciously
[dɪ'lɪʃəslɪ] (18590/19795)
Back: adv. 美味地，芬香地
分布：怡人地(67%)，美美地(33%)
adverb
■with a very pleasant taste or smell 可口地，味美地；香甜地
• a deliciously garlicky potato cake 美味的蒜香马铃薯饼
■very pleasantly 惬意地，舒服地
• As she dived into the pool, the water felt deliciously cool on her skin. 跳入水池后，她感到皮肤非常舒爽清凉。
adv. 美味地，芬香地
 - palatably, tastily

Word: occasion
Front: occasion
[əˈkeɪʒn] (研四六托雅 2262/1090 -K4)
Vocabulary: occasion
(once / 29 pages)
nv
Occasion means something special––that happens seldom or is notable when it does. On occasion, we sit down together as a family, but not every day, and never for dinner. When Great Aunt Mabel visits, however, we rise to the occasion and stage a large family meal.
Occasion can also mean a designated time or reason something happens, or it can be an event in itself. I'm giving you your grandmother's ring on the occasion of your graduation from high school. I haven't had occasion to look at it since she died. It's valuable, so only wear it on special occasions.
WORD FAMILY
occasion: occasional, occasioned, occasioning, occasions+/ occasional: occasionally
USAGE EXAMPLES
Beathard led an early field goal drive, and managed to get his team close to the end zone on two other occasions.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
New Year’s Eve in New York City will always be an inescapable occasion, one on which its residents rally and reach for one another.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
News-Miner opinion: Each year, many of us use the occasion of the new year to enact changes in our own lives.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 机会，时机; 场合; 理由; 需要
vt. 惹起，引起
时态：occasioned, occasioning, occasions
分布：场合(57%)，机会(21%)，时机(9%)，理由(6%)，引起(5%)，致使(1%)，盛大场面(1%)
→oc-,向前，朝向，-cas,掉落，词源同case,cascade,accident.引申词义偶然，场合，时机。
发生;时机(oc使＋cas落下+ion→使...落下→事情发生)[cad,cas,cid=fall,表示"落下,降临"]
n.场合,时节,时刻;时机,机会He seized the occasion to invite her home for dinner.他抓住机会邀请她回家里吃饭.
noun countable
 ESSENTIAL
■a particular time, especially when something happens or has happened （尤指某事发生的）时刻，时候
• We met on several occasions to discuss the issue. 我们几次会面讨论这个问题。
• I've heard him be rude to her on a number of occasions. 我有好几次听到他对她说话很粗鲁。
• I seem to remember that on that occasion he was with his wife. 我好像记得那一次他和她的妻子在一起。
 IMPROVER
■a special or formal event 特殊场合；重大活动；盛会
• Sara's party was quite an occasion - there were over a hundred people there. 萨拉的聚会真是一次盛会——有一百多人参加。
• At the wedding he sang a song specially written for the occasion. 婚礼上，他演唱了一首专门为这次婚礼创作的歌曲。
• I have a suit but I only wear it on special occasions. 我有一套西服，不过我只在特殊的场合才穿。
• The coronation of a new king is, of course, a historic occasion. 新国王的加冕典礼当然是一个历史性事件。
• Congratulations on the occasion of your wedding anniversary. 在你们结婚纪念日之际谨致祝贺。
■formal
■an opportunity or reason for doing something or for something to happen 时机，机会；原因，理由
• The 200th anniversary of Mozart's death was the occasion for hundreds of special films, books and concerts. 为纪念莫札特逝世200周年，出现了数以百计的专题电影、书籍及音乐会。
• An occasion may arise when you can use your knowledge of French. 可能有机会让你用用法语。
• The bride took/used the occasion to make a short speech. 新娘利用这个机会简短地讲了几句。
on occasion
■sometimes, but not often 有时；偶尔，间或
• He has, on occasion, made a small mistake. 他有时犯点小错误。
[ə'keɪ.ʒən] noun countable
have occasion to do sth formal
■to need to do something 有必要做…，需要做…
• Of course, as a teacher I had authority, but rarely did I have occasion to use it. 当然，作为老师我有权威，可是我很少用到它。
[ə'keɪ.ʒən] noun countable
  Common Learner Errors  occasionRemember: the most usual preposition to use with occasion is on. Don't say 'in/at an occasion', say on an occasion :
✗ I have met him in several occasions. I have met him on several occasions.
[ə'keɪ.ʒən] verb transitive formal
■to cause something 造成，引起；惹起
• Her refusal occasioned a lot of trouble. 她的拒绝引出许多麻烦。
• [+ two objects] The case occasioned the authorities a lot of worry/The authorities were occasioned a lot of worry by the case. 这个案子给当局惹来很多烦恼。
event, occasion, indicate, case
event: 重大事件
occasion: 场合，时刻，机关
indicate: 小事件
case: 事实，情况，实例
opportunity, occasion, chance
opportunity: 主要指能够去做某事，尤其是达到自己目的，实现某种愿望的好机会。如：You should make the most of your opportunities of seeing the country and learning the language.(你应该尽量利用你的机会去看看这个国家，学习它的语言。)
occasion: 主要指“时机”，“场合”，也含有“机会”的意思。如：The flags are hung out on the occasion of the National Day.(每逢国庆节，国旗都悬持出来了。)
chance: 多指偶然的机会，意外的机会，带有侥幸的意味。如：Even so, it was a lucky chance that he could do it.(即使如此，那也是他凭着侥幸才做到这点。)
n. 时机，机会；场合；理由
 - opportunity, chance, opening, sake, reason
vt. 引起，惹起
 - attract, cause, produce, operate, induce

Word: clockwork
Front: clockwork
[ˈklɒkwɜ:k] (18587/18929 -1)
Back: n. （玩具、钟表等上面的）发条装置; 钟表机械
分布：发条装置(67%)，钟表装置(33%)
US ['klɑ:k.wɝ:k] noun uncountable
■a system of springs and wheels that you wind (= turn) with a key or handle to make some clocks, toys and other devices operate （时钟、玩具等的）发条装置
• a clockwork train/mouse 发条玩具火车／玩具老鼠
UK ['klɒk.wɜ:k] US ['klɑ:k.wɝ:k] noun uncountable
like clockwork (also (as) regular as clockwork)
■very regularly, or at exactly the planned times 非常有规律；极为准时
• Since the recent improvements to the service, the buses are running like clockwork. 最近，自从改善服务后，公车运行得非常准时。
• My daughter always calls me every Friday evening, (as) regular as clockwork. 我女儿总是每星期五晚上给我打电话，非常准时。
UK ['klɒk.wɜ:k] US ['klɑ:k.wɝ:k] noun uncountable
run/go like clockwork
■to happen exactly as planned, without any trouble 准时进行；顺利进行
• The party went like clockwork. 晚会进行得很顺利。

Word: regionally
Front: regionally
['ri:dʒənəlɪ] (18566/20911)
Back: adv. 地方的，地域性的
分布：地域性的(50%)，地方的(50%)
ADJ
地区的；区域的
Regional is used to describe things which relate to a particular area of a country or of the world.
例：...the autonomous regional government of Andalucia.安达卢西亚自治区政府
例：...concern about regional security...对地区安全的担忧

Word: renege
Front: renege
[rɪˈni:g] (宝 18611/15485 -1)
Vocabulary: renege
(once / 16958 pages)
vn
To renege is to go back on your word or fail to keep a promise.
Not quite lying, reneging is more a sin of omission — failing to do what you said you would. The Latin negāre means "to deny," so by reneging on your word, you are denying someone whatever you promised them. In card games, you are said to renege if you play against the rules. To renege may be wrong, but it's not necessarily a punishable offense (unless you put that promise legally binding in writing). Still, it certainly doesn't make you look good!
WORD FAMILY
renege: reneged, reneges, reneging
USAGE EXAMPLES
Still, a faint siren stirs inside of Couch Slouch that something is amiss when student-athletes renege on their part of the covenant.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Embassy to Jerusalem only to renege once in office.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
The Russian always pockets U.S. concessions and then reneges on his promises.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: vi. 食言; 违例出牌
vt. 否认; 食言，违约; 放弃; 拒绝
n. 出牌违例; [牌]有某种花色的牌可跟而违反规则不跟
时态：reneged, reneging, reneges
分布：违约(67%)，背信(33%)
→re-,表强调，-neg,否认，词源同 no,negate.引申诸相关词义。
背信弃义(re反+nege→反过来否认→背信)[neg=deny,表示"否认"]
[rɪ'neɪg] formal
verb intransitive
■to fail to keep a promise or an agreement, etc 违背（诺言）；违约；背信
• If you renege on the deal now, I'll fight you in the courts. 如果你现在撕毁协定，我会让你上法庭。
vi. 食言；违例出牌
 - eat his words, break one's promise
vt. 否认
 - deny, disown

Word: separatist
Front: separatist
[ˈseprətɪst] (13748/16849 -2)
Back: n. 分离主义者; 独立派
分布：分离主义者(78%)，独立派(22%)
→separate,分开，分离，-ist,人。
US [-ɚ.ə.tˌɪst] noun countable
■someone who is a member of a racial, religious or other group within a country and who believes that this group should be independent and have their own government or in some way live apart from other people 分裂主义者，分离主义者
n. 分离主义者；独立派
 - disunionist, independents

Word: assistive
Front: assistive
[ə'sɪstɪv] (18455/-)
Back: adj. 为残疾人设计的
分布：辅助的(100%)

Word: flagrant
Front: flagrant
[ˈfleɪgrənt] (宝 18623/19033 -1)
Vocabulary: flagrant
(once / 2048 pages)
adj
Something flagrant is bad — so bad you can't ignore it. A flagrant foul in sports might send you to the bench, and a flagrant violation of the law might send you to the slammer.
The current meaning of the adjective flagrant — "obviously offensive or disgraceful" — is thought to derive from the Latin legal term in flagrante delicto, which literally meant "with fire still blazing" and is used figuratively to describe a situation in which the criminal is caught red handed. Aside from a flagrant abuse of the law, the word can also be used to describe anything that is obviously bad — like flagrant bad taste or flagrant abuse of the rules of grammar.
WORD FAMILY
flagrant: flagranter, flagrantly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Pretending cyberspace is a different universe, populated by people who matter less, is a misnomer and a flagrant abandonment of our individual responsibility.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
For his part, Matthews wasn't pleased with the number of technical and flagrant fouls on the night.
Reuters(Dec 28, 2016)
There were also two flagrant fouls, both against Dallas.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 臭名远扬的; 恶名昭著的; 明目张胆的
分布：明目张胆的(65%)，恶名昭著的(35%)
→来自bhleg, 照明，闪光，来自bhel的扩大形式，词源同flame, blaze. 原义为闪光的，辉煌的。然后由于不知道的原因词义贬义化。参照中国反腐案例。
罪恶昭彰的;燃烧的(flagr+ant→燃烧的→罪恶像火一样烧→罪恶昭彰的)[flam,flagr=blaze,表示"火焰"]
【区】fragrant（adj 芳香的）中的r象一朵花flagrant中的l象掏大粪的棍子flag旗子，ant蚂蚁：ant爬满了flag，给国旗抹黑－臭名昭彰的
adjective
■(of a bad action, situation, person, etc.) shocking because of being so obvious 骇人听闻的，公然的；罪恶昭彰的
• a flagrant misuse of funds/privilege 明目张胆的滥用资金／特权
• a flagrant breach of trust 公然背信
• a flagrant disregard for the law 公然蔑视法律
adj. 公然的；不能容忍的；非常的；恶名昭著的（名词flagrancy，副词flagrantly）
 - declared, intense

Word: full-page
Front: full-page
[fulpeɪdʒ] (-1)
Back: adj. 全页的; 整版的
分布：整页的(100%)
adjective [before noun]
■filling a complete page of a newspaper or book 整版的；整页的
• a full-page advertisement 整版的广告

Word: directed
Front: directed
[dɪ'rektɪd] (18551/20382)
Back: adj. 有指导的; 有管理的; 定向的; 被控制的
v. （用建议、指示、有益的情报等）指导( direct的过去式和过去分词 ); 导演（戏剧或电影）; 指示方向; 把…对准（某方向或某人）
分布：定向的(35%)，被控制的(25%)，有管理的(16%)，经指导的(16%)，动词direct的过去式和过去分词.(8%)
ADJ-GRADED
径直的;笔直的;直达的
Direct means moving towards a place or object, without changing direction and without stopping, for example in a journey.
例：They'd come on a direct flight from Athens.他们是搭乘从雅典直飞这里的航班过来的。
例：...the direct route from Amman to Bombay.从安曼到孟买的直达线路
ADJ
(光或热)直接照射的，直接接触的
If something is in direct heat or light, it is strongly affected by the heat or light, because there is nothing between it and the source of heat or light to protect it.
例：Medicines should be stored away from direct sunlight...药品的储放应避免阳光直射。
例：Direct illumination is harsh and unflattering.直射光照明既刺目又呆板。
ADJ-GRADED
(经验、活动或系统)直接的，亲身的
You use direct to describe an experience, activity, or system which only involves the people, actions, or things that are necessary to make it happen.
例：He has direct experience of the process of privatisation...他对私有化过程有着切身体会。
例：He seemed to be in direct contact with the Boss...他似乎直接和老板联系。
ADJ-GRADED
(联系等)直接的
You use direct to emphasize the closeness of a connection between two things.
例：They were unable to prove that she died as a direct result of his injection...他们无法证明她的死是由于他的注射直接引起的。
例：His visit is direct evidence of the improvement in their relationship...他的到访是他们之间关系已有所改善的明证。
ADJ-GRADED
坦率的;率直的;直截了当的
If you describe a person or their behaviour as direct, you mean that they are honest and open, and say exactly what they mean.
例：He avoided giving a direct answer...他避免作出正面回答。
例：The new songs are more direct...这些新歌听起来更直入人心。
VERB
把…指向;把…对准
If you direct something at a particular thing, you aim or point it at that thing.
例：I directed the extinguisher at the fire without effect...我把灭火器对准了火焰，但没起作用。
例：He directed the tiny beam of light at the roof.他把那一小束光对准了屋顶。
VERB
使(注意力、情感、行为等)转向;使…指向;把…引向
If your attention, emotions, or actions are directed at a particular person or thing, you are focusing them on that person or thing.
例：The learner's attention needs to be directed to the significant features...需要将学习者的注意力引向那些着重点上。
例：Do not be surprised if, initially, she directs her anger at you...如果一上来她就冲你发火，不必惊讶。
VERB
使(话语或眼神)针对，指向，冲…而来
If a remark or look is directed at you, someone says something to you or looks at you.
例：She could hardly believe the question was directed towards her...她很难相信这个问题是冲她来的。
例：The abuse was directed at the TV crews...这些辱骂是冲着电视台的工作人员来的。
VERB
指引;为…指路
If you direct someone somewhere, you tell them how to get there.
例：Could you direct them to Dr Lamont's office, please?...你能告诉他们去拉蒙特医生的办公室怎么走吗？
例：Inside, a guard directed them to the right.进去后，一名警卫把他们引向了右边。
VERB
领导;指导;组织;管理
When someone directs a project or a group of people, they are responsible for organizing the people and activities that are involved.
例：Christopher will direct day-to-day operations.克里斯托弗将管理日常的运营。
例：...his coolness in directing the rescue of nine hostages.在组织解救9名人质的过程中他所表现出的冷静
VERB
导演，执导(电影、戏剧或电视节目)
When someone directs a film, play, or television programme, they are responsible for the way in which it is performed and for telling the actors and assistants what to do.
例：He directed various TV shows...他执导过多种题材的电视节目。
例：The film was directed by Howard Hawks.该影片是由霍华德·霍克斯导演的。
VERB
指示;命令
If you are directed to do something, someone in authority tells you to do it.
例：They have been directed to give special attention to the problem of poverty...他们得到指示要特别关注贫困问题。
例：The Bishop directed the faithful to stay at home.主教要求信徒们呆在家中。
ADJ
直系的;嫡系的
If you are a direct descendant of someone, you are related to them through your parents and your grandparents and so on.
例：She is a direct descendant of Queen Victoria.她是维多利亚女王的嫡系后代。
adj. [数] 定向的；经指导的；被控制的
 - oriented, contained, targeted
v. 指导；管理（direct的过去式和过去分词）
 - governed, supervised

Word: puzzlement
Front: puzzlement
[ˈpʌzlmənt] (18575/16213)
Vocabulary: puzzlement
(once / 16508 pages)
n
When you're feeling confused, you're experiencing puzzlement. Many people have a sense of puzzlement during their first day at a brand new job, while they are trying to figure out how to please the boss and work the coffee machine.
A state of puzzlement is familiar to anyone who's ever been literally lost (on the streets of an unfamiliar city), or figuratively lost (sitting in the wrong math class). If you're puzzled, baffled, confused, or befuddled — that's puzzlement. There's some puzzlement among word experts about where exactly this word comes from. They know puzzle came first, from the earlier pusle, "bewilder," but beyond that its origin is a puzzle.
WORD FAMILY
puzzlement: puzzlements+/ puzzle: puzzled, puzzlement, puzzler, puzzles, puzzling / puzzled: puzzledly/ puzzler: puzzlers/ puzzling: puzzlingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Asking how many people here attend Sunday Mass elicits puzzlement.
New York Times(Dec 06, 2016)
When Aaron Rodgers disappeared into a tiny sideline tent during Monday night’s game against the Eagles, puzzlement grew.
The Guardian(Nov 29, 2016)
His statement was met with puzzlement and derision by some Americans, including US Senator Marco Rubio of Florida, who is of Cuban descent.
The Guardian(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: n. 迷惑，费解; 谜
分布：迷惑(52%)，迷(48%)
['pʌz.l.mənt] formal
noun uncountable
■a state of confusion because you do not understand something 迷惑，困惑
n. 迷惑；费解
 - delusion, befuddlement

Word: elbow
Front: elbow
[ˈelbəʊ] (研四六托雅宝 3512/4155 -K2)
Vocabulary: elbow
(once / 270 pages)
1nv 2n 3n
Your elbow is the bendy part of your arm between your wrist and your shoulder. Sometimes people use their pointy elbows to elbow people out of the way.
Your elbows are major joints in your arms, making it possible for you to do many things — including get scolded for having your elbows rudely on the table while you eat. Clothing can be said to have elbows as well: "I like your professor jacket with the patches on the elbows." Other inanimate objects with elbows include rivers and pipes: a sharp bend in either of these is also called an elbow.
WORD FAMILY
elbow: elbowed, elbowing, elbows+/elbowing: elbowings
USAGE EXAMPLES
On the other side of the classroom, the newcomers learned basics: Arms and elbows relaxed.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
He was the backup quarterback for the Giants until undergoing elbow surgery several weeks ago.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
“That elbow injury just kind of pushed me over the edge.”
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 肘部; 弯头，扶手; 肘形管，弯管
vt. 用肘推挤（另一人或另一些人）; 用手肘推开
vi. 用肘推搡着前进; 在拐角处转弯
时态：elbowed, elbowing, elbows
分布：手肘(67%)，扶手(11%)，用手肘推开(10%)，推挤(7%)，急弯(5%)
→来自ell和bow的组合词。
n.肘,(衣服的)肘部vt.用肘推,用肘挤Bowing its elbow, the owl sows in the bowl.猫头鹰弯着肘在碗中播种.
【记】el旧时量布的长度，大约是小臂的长度；bow（n 弓形）读：埃尔伯（拜仁球星）是拜仁的左膀右臂－肘关节
US [-boʊ] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■the part in the middle of the arm where it bends, or the part of a piece of clothing which covers this area 肘；（衣服的）肘部
• Her arm was bandaged from the elbow to the fingers. 她的手臂从肘部一直到手指全部缠上了绷带。
• The sleeve of his shirt was torn at the elbow. 他衬衫的肘部被撕了个洞。
UK ['el.bəʊ] US [-boʊ] noun countable
at sb's elbow
■close to and a little behind someone 在（某人）近旁；紧随（某人）之后；紧紧伴随（某人）
• During the visit, the interpreter was always at her elbow. 在她参观的过程中，翻译始终紧随其后。
UK ['el.bəʊ] US [-boʊ] noun countable
give sb the elbow UK informal
■to end your romantic relationship with someone 甩掉，和（恋人）分手
UK ['el.bəʊ] US [-boʊ] verb transitive usually + adverb or preposition disapproving
■to push someone rudely with your elbows so that you can move or have more space 用肘推；用肘挤开（某人）
• He elbowed his way to the front of the crowd. 他挤到了人群的前面。
• They elbowed the onlookers aside. 他们把旁观者推到一边。
■to hit someone with your elbow, sometimes as a sign to make them notice or remember something （为让某人注意或记住某事而）用肘碰
• She elbowed me in the ribs before I could say anything. 我还没开口呢，她就用肘在我肋部捅了一下。
UK ['el.bəʊ] US [-boʊ] verb transitive usually + adverb or preposition
  Phrasal Verbs  [M often passive] elbow sb out
■to force someone or something out of a position or job 排挤；强行使…离开（职位或工作）
• He resigned before he was elbowed out. 他不等被别人排挤出去，就自己先辞了职。
n. 肘部；弯头；扶手
 - rail, rider
vt. 推挤；用手肘推开
 - thrust, push against

Word: born-again
Front: born-again
[ˈbɔ:nəˌgen] None
Back: adj. 再生的，信仰再生的
US [ˌbɔ:rn.ə'gen] adjective
■describes someone who has decided to accept a particular type of evangelical Christianity, especially after a deep spiritual experience （尤指基督徒经历深刻的精神体验后）再生的
• Cliff Richard is a born-again Christian. 克里夫·李察是一个基督教再生教徒。
[before noun]
■describes someone who is extremely enthusiastic about a new interest or hobby 十分热衷的
• She's a born-again health freak. 她十分热衷于养生保健。

Word: mimetic
Front: mimetic
[mɪˈmetɪk] (托 18655/28359)
Vocabulary: mimetic
(once / 24421 pages)
1adj 2adj
Mimetic things imitate or echo something else. A mimetic pattern on the wings of a bird might look just like the pattern on tree bark or the leaves of a plant.
You'll most often find the adjective mimetic in technical or scholarly writing, discussing mimetic designs and characteristics in nature. Or you might refer to mimetic techniques in art and writing. Sometimes literary realism in novels and poetry is described as mimetic, since it reflects or echoes what really happens in the world. Mimetic comes from the Greek root mimetikos, "good at imitating."
WORD FAMILY
mimetic: mimetically
USAGE EXAMPLES
I learn about my life by slipping, mimetically, into others’ as they walk and chat in front of me.
New York Times(Aug 15, 2016)
Over time, however, Ms. Nixon came to regard her spectacular mimetic gift as more curse than blessing.
New York Times(Jul 25, 2016)
There’s also mimetic or novelty architecture — buildings that look like enormous objects, including a sombrero-shaped restaurant.
Washington Post(Jul 14, 2016)
Back: adj. 模仿的
分布：模仿的(72%)，模拟的(28%)
→来自mime,模仿，-etic,形容词后缀。
US [-'metˌ-] adjective specialized
■using mime 模仿的
• The actors have to rely on their mimetic skills. 演员必须依靠他们的模仿技巧。
adj. 模仿的； [晶体] 拟态的；类似的
 - simulate, parallel

Word: co-sponsor
Front: co-sponsor
['kəʊsp'ɒnsər] None
Back: [医]赞助者
分布：共同提案人(100%)

Word: negation
Front: negation
[nɪˈgeɪʃn] (雅宝 18380/16644)
Vocabulary: negation
(once / 2708 pages)
n
A negation is a refusal or denial of something. If your friend thinks you owe him five dollars and you say that you don’t, your statement is a negation.
A negation is a statement that cancels out or denies another statement or action. "I didn't kill the butler" could be a negation, along with "I don't know where the treasure is." The act of saying one of these statements is also a negation. Some negations can be good news, like “No, you don’t have a cavity” or “No, that report isn’t due today.”
WORD FAMILY
negation: negations+/ negate: negated, negates, negating, negation, negative / negative: negatived, negatively, negativeness, negatives, negativing, negativism, negativity, nonnegative/negativism: negativisms, negativist/negativist: negativists/ negativity: negativities
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is the negation of talent and skill that performers work so hard to develop.
New York Times(May 25, 2016)
This is precisely the kind of establishment embrace that Corré believes his father’s generation, all negation and anarchy, would have gleefully rejected.
The New Yorker(Nov 30, 2016)
To paraphrase Auden, this shows an affirming flame at a time beleaguered by negation and despair.
Washington Post(Nov 15, 2016)
Back: n. 反面; 对立面; 否定; 否认
分布：否定(88%)，否认(5%)，反对(5%)，不存在(1%)，对立面(1%)
→来自negate,否定。
N-SING
反面;对立面;否定
The negation of something is its complete opposite or something which destroys it or makes it lose its effect.
例：Unintelligible legislation is the negation of the rule of law and of parliamentary democracy.晦涩的法律法规有悖于法治和议会民主。
N-UNCOUNT
否定;否认;拒绝
Negation is disagreement, refusal, or denial.
例：The editor grimaced, gesturing in negation...编辑一脸苦相，做了个拒绝的手势。
例：Irena shook her head, but in bewilderment, not negation.伊连娜摇了摇头，是困惑，而非拒绝。
n. [数] 否定，否认；拒绝
 - contradiction, rejection

Word: arbor
Front: arbor
['ɑ:bə] (16473/40019)
Vocabulary: arbor
(once / 1678 pages)
1n 2n 3n
An arbor is a garden structure on which plants and vines can grow. Sitting under an arbor can help you cool off when you're strolling through a garden on a hot, sunny day.
You may have come across the word arbor in the context of a garden structure, like a trellis or pergola. However, if you've heard of the holiday known as "Arbor Day," you know that an arbor is also a tree. These two meanings come from two different roots: the wooden arch type of arbor comes from the Latin herba, "grass or herb," while the tree arbor comes directly from the Latin arbor. Simply enough, it means "tree."
WORD FAMILY
arbor: arborary, arboreal, arboreous, arborical, arborist, arborous, arbors+/ arboreal: arboreally, nonarboreal/arborist: arborists
USAGE EXAMPLES
His “Arbor Series,” at Cross MacKenzie Gallery, includes views of silhouetted pines, their branches and needles often divided among multiple frames.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
In August, the Ann Arbor City Council voted 9-2 to raise the age for tobacco sales.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The Ann Arbor Police Department said Wednesday the account “did not occur.”
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 凉亭; 树木; （机器的）心轴; （钓鱼用的）浮子
分布：乔木(62%)，凉亭(26%)，藤架(12%)
【记】读：阿伯－老阿伯喜欢乘凉－树荫
n. [植] 乔木；凉亭；藤架
 - tall tree, arber

Word: simplification
Front: simplification
[ˌsɪmplɪfɪˈkeɪʃn] (18552/12279)
Back: n. 单纯化，简单化
分布：简化(97%)，精简(3%)
N-COUNT
简化的事物
You can use simplification to refer to the thing that is produced when you make something simpler or when you reduce it to its basic elements.
例：Like any such diagram, it is a simplification.像其他这种表格一样，这是简化了的。
N-UNCOUNT
简化
Simplification is the act or process of making something simpler.
例：Everyone favours the simplification of court procedures.每个人都希望法庭程序能够简化。

Word: fistful
Front: fistful
[ˈfɪstfʊl] (18564/21228)
Back: n. 一撮，一把
分布：名词(80%)，形容词(20%)
noun countable
■an amount of something that you can hold in your fist 一把（之量）
• He held out a fistful of crumpled notes. 他拿出一把皱巴巴的钞票。
■informal
■a large collection or number 相当多的一批；很大的量
• He has a fistful of acting awards. 他获得了许多表演奖。
n. 一把
 - handful

Word: defamation
Front: defamation
[ˌdefəˈmeɪʃn] (18769/17187)
Vocabulary: defamation
(once / 9078 pages)
n
Defamation is a dirty trick against someone's reputation. If you were so furious at your friend that you spread a rumor that he was still wetting his bed, that would be defamation of your friend.
The noun defamation describes something very mean and completely deliberate, essentially a false accusation against someone or an attack on a person's good reputation. The terms libel and slander — written or spoken lies about a person, group, or business — both fall under the category of defamation. Sometimes defamation is even a punishable crime, and in every instance it's unkind and malicious.
WORD FAMILY
defamation: defamations+/ defame: defamation, defamatory, defamed, defamer, defames, defaming/defamer: defamers/ fame: defame, fames, famous / famous: famouser, famousest, famously
USAGE EXAMPLES
Her link to an anti-Korea group was acknowledged by a court this year in a defamation case she lost.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Her link to a notorious anti-Korea group was acknowledged by a court this year in a defamation case she lost.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Herrman sued the teacher who reported her comments, accusing him of defamation.
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 诽谤，中伤
分布：诽谤(83%)，中伤(17%)
【记】de表示一种卑劣的行为，fa＝father，ma＝mother：对你的爸妈做了一种卑劣的行为－诽谤，中伤
【源】defame（v 诽谤）：de使坏，fame名声－使名声坏－诽谤
【参】defamatory（adj 破坏名誉的；诽谤的）
【反】eulogy（n 赞词；颂词）
N-UNCOUNT
诬蔑;诽谤;中伤
Defamation is the damaging of someone's good reputation by saying something bad and untrue about them.
例：He sued for defamation.他以诽谤罪提出起诉。
n. 诽谤；中伤
 - scandal, calumny

Word: congruence
Front: congruence
['kɒŋgrʊəns] (18706/25666)
Vocabulary: congruence
(once / 94555 pages)
n
Congruence means compatibility. If you've been studying French, you might be glad to note, when learning Spanish, that there are many areas of congruence in grammar and vocabulary between the two Romance languages.
In geometry, shapes are congruent when they are exactly the same, such as squares with three-inch sides. In a more general context, congruent means "in agreement with," as in "the school's rules are congruent with expectations for behavior at home."
WORD FAMILY
congruence: congruences+/ congruent: congruence, congruenter, incongruent
USAGE EXAMPLES
Further complications arise when we transpose this mapping to the nocturnal city, which may resist familiarity and congruence.
The Guardian(Nov 18, 2016)
A review of the positions taken by the church reveals remarkable congruence with the Democrats’ subsequent party platform.
Wall Street Journal(Sep 22, 2016)
A candidate needs to earn my vote, not only by their professed, stated positions, but through the actual congruence of their behavior with said positions.
New York Times(Apr 19, 2016)
Back: n. 适合; 一致; 叠合; 全等
分布：和谐(40%)，适合(30%)，全等(30%)
N-UNCOUNT
相似;合适;相称;一致
Congruence is when two things are similar or fit together well.
例：...a necessary congruence between political, cultural and economic forces.政治力量、文化力量和经济力量之间必要的一致性
n. 一致；适合； [数] 全等
 - accordance, unity, agreement, identity, consensus

Word: damper
Front: damper
[ˈdæmpə(r)] (宝 18613/22032)
Vocabulary: damper
(once / 5270 pages)
n
When you put a damper on something, you restrain it or inhibit it. Putting a damper on things usually means bringing them down — your car troubles might put a damper on your travel plans.
A forecast of afternoon thunderstorms will put a damper on your picnic preparations, and being assigned a long research paper on Friday might be a damper on your weekend free time. More physical kinds of dampers include a device that restrains air in a chimney, by blocking or directing its flow, and a pad that's made to soften or muffle the sound from a musical instrument.
WORD FAMILY
damper: dampers+/ damp: damped, damper, dampest, damping, dampish, damply, dampness, damps/dampish: dampishly/dampness: dampnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
But his anxiety might put a damper on the festivities.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Higher rates tend to put a damper on price growth because they drive up the monthly cost of a mortgage.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
Higher mortgage rates tend to put a damper on price growth because they drive up the monthly cost of a mortgage.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. （钢琴的）制音器; 减震器; （火炉等的）风门; 使人扫兴的人（事）
adj. 潮湿的，不完全干燥的( damp的比较级 )
分布：阻尼器(52%)，减音器(16%)，风阀(16%)，抑制(16%)
→来自damp, 潮湿，引申义减弱，阻挡。
US [-pɚ] informal
noun
put a damper/dampener on sth
■to stop an occasion from being enjoyable 捣乱，搅乱，扰乱
• Both the kids were ill while we were in Boston, so that rather put a damper on things. 我们在波士顿时，两个孩子都病倒了，于是一切都出乱子。
n. [航] [电子] [机] 阻尼器； [车辆] 减震器；气闸
 - silent block, amortisseur

Word: fired
Front: fired
['faɪəd] (18631/32978)
Vocabulary: fired
(once / 147 pages)
adj
A person who's described as fired has been laid off from their job. A fired used car salesperson might be happier working as a librarian.
The informal adjective fired implies that someone has been let go from work because of some negligence on their part (rather than being part of cost-cutting measures). A fired calculus teacher may find another job teaching math, or she might decide to pursue a completely new career.
WORD FAMILY
fired: firedest+/counterfire: counterfires/ fiery: fierily, fieriness/ fire: counterfire, fiery, fired, fires, firing, misfire/firing: firings/misfire: misfired, misfires, misfiring
USAGE EXAMPLES
Here’s true genius, though: Being owed money from two teams that fired you 367 days apart.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Police responded to a shots fired call about 1 a.m.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
They say when officers entered the home, the man displayed a gun before police fired.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: v. 开火，射击( fire的过去式和过去分词 ); <口>解雇; 射（箭）; 激励
分布：被开除的(72%)，动词fire的过去式和过去分词形式.(28%)
COMB in ADJ
(用于名词后构成形容词)表示“用…作燃料的”,“烧…的”
-fired combines with nouns which refer to fuels to form adjectives which describe power stations, machines, or devices that operate by means of that fuel.
例：...coal-fired power stations...燃煤发电站
例：Most of the food is cooked on a large wood-fired oven.大部分食物都是在一口很大的烧柴土灶上烹煮的。

Word: redshift
Front: redshift
['redʃɪft] (18698/-)
Back: n. （天体）红移，红向移动
分布：红向移动(100%)

Word: sugary
Front: sugary
[ˈʃʊgəri] (18595/21009)
Back: adj. 含糖的，甜的; 媚人; 甜蜜
分布：含糖的(52%)，甜的(33%)，甜言蜜语的(15%)
→sugar,糖，-y,形容词后缀。
US [-ɚ-] adjective
■containing sugar 含糖的
• all those sugary snacks that kids eat 所有那些小孩子吃的甜点心
■disapproving
■too good or kind or expressing feelings of love in a way that is not sincere 过于甜蜜的，媚人的，甜言蜜语的
• It's that sugary smile of his that I can't bear - it makes me want to puke! 他那种甜腻腻的微笑真让我受不了——我一看就想吐！
adj. 含糖的；甜的； [岩] 糖状的；甜言蜜语的
 - sweet, sacchariferous

Word: unfathomable
Front: unfathomable
[ʌnˈfæðəməbl] (18629/23619)
Vocabulary: unfathomable
(once / 3089 pages)
adj
Unfathomable means impossible to ever understand. For most people, the field of quantum mechanics is unfathomable.
Fathoms are seafaring units of measure equaling about six feet. So something that is unfathomable is also immeasurable, especially when it comes to depth. If your sonar isn't bouncing anything back to you, you're dealing with an unfathomable distance. Metaphorically, unfathomable can refer to something that resembles an abyss, some figurative notion that's so deep you can't even measure it.
WORD FAMILY
unfathomable: unfathomably+/ fathom: fathomable, fathomed, fathoming, fathoms/fathomable: unfathomable /fathomed: unfathomed
USAGE EXAMPLES
“The number seemed pretty unfathomable before it happened — even when it was at 11,” said Gomez.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Such a poignant last sentiment was once unfathomable.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
They wrote that his case was a “textbook example of adolescent impulsivity leading to unintended, unexpected, and, for Mr. Smallwood, previously unfathomable consequences.”
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 深得无法到达底部的; 高深莫测的，难以了解的; 不测; 叵测
分布：莫测高深的(44%)，难以了解的(42%)，深得无法到达底部的(14%)
slightly formal
adjective
■impossible to understand 无法理解的；难以理解的
• For some unfathomable reason they built the toilet next to the kitchen. 不知道为甚么，他们把洗手间建在厨房隔壁。
adj. 深不可测的；无底的；莫测高深的
 - bottomless, fathomless

Word: concealment
Front: concealment
[kənˈsi:lmənt] (18604/19951)
Vocabulary: concealment
(once / 951 pages)
n
Use the noun concealment when you talk about the act of hiding something. The concealment of your terrible haircut is easy — just wear a hat.
Concealment is the process of disguising something or the condition of keeping something private. Secret agents need to focus on concealment all the time, of their identities and sometimes their hair color, citizenship, and activities. A hunter's concealment is important in a different way — she might wear camouflage and stay low and quiet to avoid being seen by the ducks she's hunting. The Old French root word is conceler, "to hide."
WORD FAMILY
concealment: concealments+/ conceal: concealed, concealing, concealment, conceals/ concealed: concealedly, unconcealed/concealing: concealingly, concealings/unconcealed: unconcealedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sprinkle was charged by Charlotte Mecklenburg Police with shoplifting by concealment Tuesday at the Belk department store and was released.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Plausible deniability is the ability of a person in charge to avoid blowback through concealment of connection.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
They also charged a 48 year-old woman with hindering prosecution and concealment of a human corpse.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 隐藏; 隐瞒; 隐匿处; 隐藏手段
分布：隐蔽(72%)，隐匿(19%)，躲藏(9%)
noun uncountable
■when something is hidden 隐藏；隐匿；隐瞒
• the concealment of evidence/facts/weapons 隐瞒证据／隐瞒事实／隐藏武器
n. 隐藏，隐蔽； [法] 隐匿处
 - secretion, hideout

Word: despairing
Front: despairing
[dɪˈspeərɪŋ] (18626/14670)
Back: adj. 感到绝望的，表现绝望的，无望的
v. 绝望( despair的现在分词 )
分布：感到绝望的(78%)，动词despair的现在分词形式.(22%)
N-UNCOUNT
绝望
Despair is the feeling that everything is wrong and that nothing will improve.
例：I looked at my wife in despair...我绝望地看着妻子。
例：...feelings of despair or inadequacy.绝望或无能的感觉
VERB
感到绝望;失去希望
If you despair, you feel that everything is wrong and that nothing will improve.
例：'Oh, I despair sometimes,' he says in mock sorrow...“啊，我有时会感到绝望，”他假装悲伤地说。
例：He does despair at much of the press criticism.面对媒体的诸多批评他的确感到绝望。
VERB
对…感到绝望;对…不抱希望
If you despair of something, you feel that there is no hope that it will happen or improve. If you despair of someone, you feel that there is no hope that they will improve.
例：He wished to earn a living through writing but despaired of doing so.他想通过写作来谋生，不过他对此不抱希望。
例：...efforts to find homes for people despairing of ever having a roof over their heads...为那些对有瓦遮头不再抱有任何希望的人们找到住处的努力

Word: offered
Front: offered
['ɒfəd] (18648/19244)
Back: v. 出（价）( offer的过去式和过去分词 ); 提出; 演出; 做出
分布：提供(88%)，提议(7%)，奉献(5%)
VERB
提供；给予
If you offer something to someone, you ask them if they would like to have it or use it.
例：He has offered seats at the conference table to the Russian leader and the president of Kazakhstan...他已邀请俄罗斯领导人和哈萨克斯坦总统参加会谈。
例：The number of companies offering them work increased...越来越多的公司向他们提供工作机会。
VERB
（主动）表示愿意（做某事）；提议
If you offer to do something, you say that you are willing to do it.
例：Peter offered to teach them water-skiing...彼得主动提出教他们滑水。
例：'Can I get you a drink,' she offered.“想要喝点什么吗，”她提议道。
N-COUNT
提供（物）；给予（物）；提议
An offer is something that someone says they will give you or do for you.
例：The offer of talks with Moscow marks a significant change from the previous western position...提议与莫斯科举行会谈标志着西方立场的重大转变。
例：'I ought to reconsider her offer to move in,' he mused...“我该重新考虑她让我搬去和她一起住的提议，”他思忖着。
VERB
提供（信息、建议等）；作出（表扬）
If you offer someone information, advice, or praise, you give it to them, usually because you feel that they need it or deserve it.
例：They manage a company offering advice on mergers and acquisitions...他们经营着一家为兼并收购业务提供咨询的公司。
例：She offered him emotional and practical support in countless ways...她以数不清的方式给予了他情感上和实质上的支持。
VERB
给予，表示（爱、友谊等）
If you offer someone something such as love or friendship, you show them that you feel that way towards them.
例：The President has offered his sympathy to the Georgian people...总统对格鲁吉亚人民表示了同情。
例：It must be better to be able to offer them love and security...要是能给予他们关爱和安全感肯定会更好。
VERB
（向上帝或神）奉献（祈祷、赞美），祭献（牺牲）
If people offer prayers, praise, or a sacrifice to God or a god, they speak to or give something to their god.
例：Church leaders offered prayers and condemned the bloodshed...教会领袖向上帝祈祷并谴责流血事件。
例：He will offer the first harvest of rice to the sun goddess.他将把收获的第一束稻子献给太阳女神。
VERB
（机构等）提供，给予（服务、产品等）
If an organization offers something such as a service or product, it provides it.
例：We have been successful because we are offering a quality service...我们因提供的服务水准一流一直经营得很成功。
例：Sainsbury's is offering customers 1p for each shopping bag reused...塞恩斯伯里超市为重复利用购物袋的顾客提供每只1便士的奖励。
N-COUNT
（商品的）特价，特惠
An offer in a shop is a specially low price for a specific product or something extra that you get if you buy a certain product.
例：This month's offers include a shirt, trousers and bed covers...本月的特价商品包括一款衬衫、裤子和多种床罩。
例：Today's special offer gives you a choice of three destinations...今天推出的特价线路有3个目的地可供选择。
VERB
（买方）出（价），开（价）
If you offer a particular amount of money for something, you say that you will pay that much to buy it.
例：Whitney has offered $21.50 a share in cash for 49.5 million Prime shares...惠特尼公司开出每股21.50美元的现金价收购4,950 万股普赖姆公司的股票。
例：They are offering farmers $2.15 a bushel for corn...他们向农民出价每蒲式耳2.15美元收购玉米。
N-COUNT
（买方的）报价，开价；赔偿金
An offer is the amount of money that someone says they will pay to buy something or give to someone because they have harmed them in some way.
例：The lawyers say no one else will make me an offer...律师说不会再有人给我出价了。
例：He has dismissed an offer of compensation.他拒绝接受赔偿金。
PHRASE
具有某种品质（或能力）
If you have something to offer, you have a quality or ability that makes you important, attractive, or useful.
例：In your free time, explore all that this incredible city has to offer.您可以在闲暇时间探索这座美妙城市的各种风情。
PHRASE
提供的；供使用的；待售的
If there is something on offer, it is available to be used or bought.
例：Savings schemes are the best retail investment products on offer.储蓄方案是现有的最佳零售投资产品。
例：...country cottages on offer at bargain prices.低价出售的乡村别墅
PHRASE
愿意考虑买方出价；愿意接受合理报价
If you are open to offers, you are willing to do something if someone will pay you an amount of money that you think is reasonable.
例：It seems that while the Kiwis are keen to have him, he is still open to offers.看来尽管新西兰几维队很想与他签约，他仍然欢迎其他球队开价。
v. 提供，提议；奉献（offer过去时态）
 - put up, to supply

Word: underwriting
Front: underwriting
['ʌndəˌraɪtɪŋ] (18584/13319)
Back: n. 保险业; 包销
v. 在（保险单，尤指船舶保险单）下方签署并承担责任（承保损失或损坏之责）( underwrite的现在分词 ); 给…保险; （按商定的价格）认购（某公司）的全部剩余证券; 包销（证券）
分布：承销(56%)，保险业(44%)
VERB
(机构或公司)为…保险，负担…的费用，承销
If an institution or company underwrites an activity or underwrites the cost of it, they agree to provide any money that is needed to cover losses or buy special equipment, often for an agreed fee.
例：...58,500 dollars to underwrite a new home...58,500美元承保一个新居
例：The government will have to create a special agency to underwrite small business loans...政府需要设立专门机构来为小企业贷款作担保。
n. [保险] 保险业； [金融] 证券包销
 - insurance industry

Word: prophesy
Front: prophesy
[ˈprɒfəsaɪ] (18635/15270)
Vocabulary: prophesy
(once / 931 pages)
v
The word prophesy can mean to predict or reveal something that will happen in the future. Many people use astrology to prophesy, or predict, their future regarding misfortune, wealth, love, and relationships.
Used as a verb prophesy can mean to deliver a sermon or predict through divine inspiration. A religious leader may prophesy to followers about good, evil, and forgiveness. In ancient Greece, an oracle would prophesy the Greek's future regarding the gods, war, and harvest. Using a crystal ball, a fortuneteller will prophesy, or reveal, aspects of your future such as wealth, love, and death.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
prophecy / prophesy
One letter separates prophecy from prophesy, and the close relationship is derived from a shared word history.
A prophecy is a prediction or an utterance from a prophet inspired by his god. It entered English before 1200 with two spellings: prophecie and prophesie. It was borrowed from the Old French prophetie/prophecie/prophesie, which originated in Late Latin and Greek.
Some psychological professionals swear by the power of the self-fulfilling prophecy.
What are your thoughts on how Egypt relates to biblical prophecy?
To think that such a rodent has these abilities of prophecy!
To prophesy is to predict something or to utter something inspired by one's god. It pops up in English in about 1350 as prophecien and prophesien, coming through the Old French prophecier.
But we want to know why you do not prophesy like other prophets, especially on the political situation of Nigeria or at the beginning of the year?
I prophesy that the GOP will lie right through its teeth in 50 years and take credit for the "Affordable Health Care" law.
"Ryan Seacrest will be mine someday," prophesied 17-year-old Courtney Penry of Missouri City, Texas, when American Idol auditions touched down in Austin.
Until 1700, the noun and the verb were spelled the same. However, the differentiated spelling may be disappearing already. Garner's Modern American Usage notes that prophesy for prophecy is at stage 3 of language change: it's common even among educated speakers and writers.
WORD FAMILY
prophesy: prophesied, prophesier, prophesies, prophesying+/prophesier: prophesiers
USAGE EXAMPLES
As we approach the finish line that isn’t, Trump prophesies a “constitutional crisis.”
Seattle Times(Nov 05, 2016)
Could political lightning strike twice, and prove Trump’s Brexit prophesy true?
Washington Post(Oct 30, 2016)
Coming off of Morrowind, where it’s prophesied that you’re walking in the feet of a legendary hero, we did Oblivion.
Time(Oct 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 预告，预言
时态：prophesied, prophesying, prophesies
分布：预言(80%)，预报(20%)
→动词，来自prophecy拼写变体。词性差别比较device,devise.
US ['prɑ:.fə-] verb intransitive or transitive
■to say that you believe something will happen in the future 预言
• Few could have prophesied this war. 几乎没有人预言会发生这场战争。
• [+ that] He prophesied that the present government would only stay four years in office. 他预言说现任政府只能维持四年。
• [+ question word] I wouldn't like to prophesy wh at will happen to that marriage! 我不愿意预言那桩婚姻将来会如何发展！
vt. 预言；预告
 - predict, prognosticate
vi. 预言；预报；传教
 - soothsay, advance information

Word: self-righteous
Front: self-righteous
[ˈselfˈraɪtʃəs] None
Vocabulary: self-righteous
(once / 10332 pages)
adj
A self-righteous person thinks their beliefs and morals are better than everyone else's. If you're quite sure the charity of others pales in comparison with yours, you might be self-righteous.
Join the Old English words self, meaning "one's own person," and rightwise, meaning "virtuous," and you've got somebody who thinks very highly of their own morality. A self-righteous person thinks they can do no wrong, and goes about with a "holier-than-thou" attitude, judging and scrutinizing everyone else. A fur designer may view PETA activists as self-righteous when they picket his fashion show. You may consider a friend self-righteous when it comes to musical taste.
WORD FAMILY
self-righteous: self-righteously+/ righteous: righteousest, righteously, righteousness, self-righteous, unrighteous/ righteousness: righteousnesses/unrighteous: unrighteously, unrighteousness/unrighteousness: unrighteousnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
They migrate in great numbers to the US and then are self-righteous.
New York Times(Jun 30, 2016)
“Politically correct” became a kind of in-joke among American leftists – something you called a fellow leftist when you thought he or she was being self-righteous.
The Guardian(Nov 30, 2016)
It’s more than likely that Ford directed them there so that he wouldn’t have yet another self-righteous truth-seeking duo on his hands.
Time(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 自以为是的
分布：自以为是的(63%)，伪善的(37%)
[ˌself'raɪ.tʃəs] disapproving
adjective
■believing that your ideas and behaviour are morally better than those of other people 自以为是的；自认为道德高尚的
• He's so self-righteous - you'd think he'd never done anything wrong in his life. 他非常自以为是——你会觉得他一生都没做过错事。
adj. 自以为是的
 - pontific, smart-ass

Word: double-edged
Front: double-edged
[ˈdʌbəlˈedʒd] None
Back: adj. 双头的，双重的，两刃的; 双面
分布：双重的(55%)，两刃的(27%)，双头的.(18%)
adjective
■describes something that acts in two ways, often with one negative and one positive effect 双重作用的，双刃的；利弊互现的
• She paid me the double-edged compliment of saying my work was "excellent for a beginner". 她用“优秀的新手”这种毁誉参半的话来赞扬我的工作。
• The government's programme to grow cash crops for export is a double-edged sword because it has created a local food shortage. 政府制定的种植经济作物以出口的计划是一把双刃剑，因为该计划造成了当地粮食短缺。
⇒ See also two-edged
adj. 双刃的；对双方皆不利的；有双重目的的
 - two-edged

Word: dilution
Front: dilution
[daɪ'lju:ʃn] (托 18805/12828)
Vocabulary: dilution
(once / 10314 pages)
n
Dilution is when something is watered down or weakened. You might object to the dilution of your grandmother's watery iced tea.
When the concentration of some substance is made weaker — often by the addition of water — it undergoes dilution. This noun shows up a lot in chemistry, but you can use it to talk about any watered down liquid. You can also describe the dilution, or weakening, of less tangible things, like the dilution of important information in an article after it's edited. The Latin root, diluere, means "dissolve or wash away."
WORD FAMILY
dilution: dilutions+/dilutant: dilutants/ dilute: dilutant, diluted, dilutes, diluting, dilution /diluted: undiluted
USAGE EXAMPLES
Dilution is key to a proper punch, not only to the flavor but to your guests’ sanity and decorum.
Washington Post(Dec 14, 2016)
They lead to the dilution of policy proposals and therefore to a lack of decisiveness.
Nature(Dec 11, 2016)
“Anything that has to become a consensus is an equation for dilution,” said Todd Oldham, a former creative director at Old Navy.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: n. 稀释
分布：稀释(96%)，冲淡(3%)，股票跌价(1%)
冲淡;稀释物(dilute+ion)[lav,luv,lut=wash,表示"洗,冲洗"]
N-COUNT
稀释物;冲淡物
A dilution is a liquid that has been diluted with water or another liquid, so that it becomes weaker.
例：'Aromatherapy oils' are not pure essential oils but dilutions.“香薰精油”并非纯精油，而是经过稀释的。
n. 稀释， [化学] 冲淡；稀释法；冲淡物
 - thinning, fluxing

Word: inhospitable
Front: inhospitable
[ˌɪnhɒˈspɪtəbl] (18654/19343)
Vocabulary: inhospitable
(once / 2953 pages)
adj
Inhospitable places aren't easy or comfortable to live in, and inhospitable people can be downright unfriendly — even hostile. A hotel is particularly inhospitable if it's got uncomfortable beds and grouchy desk clerks.
Northern Minnesota is inhospitable in January, and many parts of India are inhospitable in the summertime — they are harsh, difficult places for most people. You're inhospitable to a visitor in your home if you don't offer a drink or ask if they want to sit, or in other ways try to make them comfortable. To be hospitable is to be friendly or pleasant, and when you add the "not" prefix in-, you get inhospitable.
WORD FAMILY
inhospitable: inhospitableness, inhospitably, inhospitality+/ hospitable: hospitableness, hospitabler, hospitably, hospitality, inhospitable / hospitality: hospitalities/inhospitality: inhospitalities
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is, at certain times of the year, an easy access biosphere in inhospitable terrain.
The Guardian(Dec 14, 2016)
She was responsible for moving fuel through pipelines amongst the inhospitable jungle of the Truong Son Mountains.
BBC(Dec 05, 2016)
Having proven itself inhospitable ground for Mr. Trump’s nativist campaign rhetoric, Virginia may take no more kindly to Mr. Stewart’s.
Washington Post(Nov 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 不好客的，不友好的; 不适于居住的
分布：不好客的(65%)，不适于居住的(35%)
→in-,不，非，hospitable,友好的。
/ˌɪn.hɑ:'spɪtˌ-] adjective
PERSON 人
■not welcoming or generous to people who visit you 不好客的；不殷勤待客的
• I'll have to cook them a meal or they'll think I'm inhospitable. 我要给他们做顿饭，否则他们会认为我不好客。
[ˌɪn.hɒs'pɪt.ə.bl] /ˌɪn.hɑ:'spɪtˌ-] adjective
PLACE 地区
■describes an area which is not suitable for humans to live in （地区）难以居住的，条件恶劣的
• They had to trek for miles through inhospitable countryside. 他们不得不在条件恶劣的乡野艰苦跋涉数英里。
adj. 荒凉的；冷淡的，不好客的；不适居留的
 - cold, wild, desert

Word: flowery
Front: flowery
[ˈflaʊəri] (18620/19101)
Vocabulary: flowery
(once / 1870 pages)
1adj 2adj
Something flowery either looks, smells, or feels like flowers. You might wear flowery perfume or write a flowery poem starting with "Roses are red..." However, flowery is not a compliment when it comes to writing.
If a blanket has a lot of pictures of flowers on it, it's flowery. If a scent reminds you of flowers, it's flowery. Flowery things make you think of flowers in some way. Also, flowery things are full of intricate details, maybe a little too full of them. A flowery speech might have many figures of speech but very little content. A flowery building design has lots of little touches and details. Flowery can mean something close to ornate.
WORD FAMILY
flowery: flowerily+/ florist: florists/ flower: florist, flowered, flowering, flowerless, flowers, flowery /flowering: flowerings, nonflowering
USAGE EXAMPLES
They abandoned their flowery clothes, embraced denim and T-shirts and settled down to a more traditional style of rock.
BBC(Dec 24, 2016)
There are plenty of heated moments and flowery phrases that glaze over their nights together, but this isn’t that kind of book.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 05, 2016)
Beth, as conventionally feminine as her flowery luggage, is attentively accommodating.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. 用花装饰的; <贬>（说话或作品）辞藻华丽的
分布：多花的(56%)，似花的(22%)，辞藻华丽的(22%)
US ['flaʊ.ɚ.i] adjective
FLOWERS 花 (also flowered)
■decorated with pictures of flowers 用花制作的；饰以花卉图案的
• a flowery material/dress 饰有花卉图案的布料／连衣裙
• flowery curtains/wallpaper 花窗帘／墙纸
UK ['flaʊ.ə.ri] US ['flaʊ.ɚ.i] adjective
WORDS 文字 disapproving
■If a speech or writing style is flowery, it uses too many complicated words or phrases in an attempt to sound skilful （言语或文字）过分华丽的，华而不实的
• a flowery description/speech 措词华丽的描写／讲话
adj. 花的；华丽的；绚丽的；多花的
 - magnificent, brave, floral, gorgeous

Word: dismantling
Front: dismantling
[disˈmæntliŋ] (18607/15479)
Back: n. （枪支）分解
v. 拆开( dismantle的现在分词 ); 拆卸; 废除; 取消
分布：拆卸(92%)，动词dismantle的现在分词.(8%)
VERB
拆卸;拆开;拆除
If you dismantle a machine or structure, you carefully separate it into its different parts.
例：He asked for immediate help from the United States to dismantle the warheads.他请求美国立即提供援助，拆除这批弹头。
VERB
（逐渐）废除，撤销，破坏
To dismantle an organization or system means to cause it to stop functioning by gradually reducing its power or purpose.
例：...opposition to the president's policy of dismantling apartheid...反对总统废除种族隔离的政策
例：Public services of all kinds are being dismantled.林林总总的公共设施正被逐渐废除。
n. 解散；（枪支）分解
 - analysis, decomposition, dissolution
v. 拆除；废除（dismantle的ing形式）
 - demolishing

Word: scratchy
Front: scratchy
[ˈskrætʃi] (18581/24233)
Back: adj. （书写等）潦草的; （衣服）粗糙的; （录音等）发出咝咝沙沙声的; 不规则的
分布：潦草的(55%)，发刮擦声的(23%)，拙劣的(11%)，发痒的(11%)
→scratch,抓，挠，-y,形容词后缀。引申诸相关比喻义。
adjective
■Scratchy clothes are rough and uncomfortable. 会扎人而粗糙的衣物，穿着不舒服。
■mainly UK
■A scratchy pen does not write easily and without interruption 书写时不顺畅的；出墨情况异常的（用书写不顺的钢笔写字并不容易，且不时会写不出来）
• This pen's scratchy. Have you got another one? 这枝钢笔不好写。你有另外一枝吗？
■A scratchy record, etc. has scratches on it so it makes unpleasant noises when it is played 有刮痕的（有刮痕的唱片由于被擦破，因此播放时会发出刺耳的噪音）
• We spent the evening listening to her scratchy old jazz records. 我们整个晚上都在听她那些刮花了的爵士乐旧唱片。
adj. 潦草的；刺痒的；草率的；发刮擦声的
 - brief, rough-and-ready

Word: third-quarter
Front: third-quarter
['θɜ:dkw'ɔ:tər] None
Back: n. 第三季度
分布：第三季(100%)

Word: male-dominated
Front: male-dominated
['meɪld'ɒmɪneɪtɪd] None
Back: adj. （在社会、机构或某活动领域等）男人主宰的，男权占主导地位的
分布：男人主宰的(100%)
ADJ
（在社会、机构或某活动领域等）男人主宰的，男权占主导地位的
A male-dominated society, organization, or area of activity is one in which men have most of the power and influence.
例：...the male-dominated world of journalism.男性主宰的新闻业

Word: Aussie
Front: Aussie
['ɒzi] (16493/12917 -1)
Back: n. 澳洲人；澳大利亚人
adj. 澳洲的
分布：澳洲人(100%)
→Australia的缩写。
US ['ɑ:.zi] informal
adjective noun countable
■Australian, or an Australian person 澳大利亚的；澳大利亚人

Word: breakaway
Front: breakaway
[ˈbreɪkəweɪ] (18603/21293 -1)
Back: adj. 脱离的，分离出去的
n. 分离; 逃脱，背弃
分布：分离(58%)，脱离(20%)，分离的(12%)，脱离的(4%)，改变(2%)，起跑前抢步(1%)，一碰就破的东西(1%)，一碰就破的(1%)，脱离的人(1%)
noun countable
■an act of separating from a group, especially because of disagreement （尤指意见分歧导致的）脱离
• The sports association accepted the inevitability of a breakaway by the elite clubs. 体育协会接受了精英俱乐部将脱离协会这无可避免的事实。
• The breakaway group formed a new political party. 脱离出去的团体组建了新的政党。
n. 分离；脱逃
 - separation, detachment

Word: trucking
Front: trucking
[trʌkɪŋ] (18547/-)
Back: n. 货车运输，货车运输业
分布：货车运输业(100%)
N-UNCOUNT
货车运输;货车运输业
Trucking is the activity of transporting goods from one place to another using trucks.
例：...the deregulation of the trucking industry.解除对货运行业的管制
n. 货车运输；货车运输业；以货易货
 - cartage
v. 交易；打交道；用卡车运（truck的ing形式）
 - bargaining

Word: alarmingly
Front: alarmingly
[ ə'lɑːmɪŋli] (18659/13951)
Back: adv. 让人担忧地
分布：让人担忧地(100%)
ADJ-GRADED
使人惊恐的；令人忧虑的；让人担心的
Something that is alarming makes you feel afraid or anxious that something unpleasant or dangerous might happen.
例：The disease has spread at an alarming rate.这种病以惊人的速度传播开来。
例：...the alarming increase in crime.令人忧虑的犯罪攀升现象
adv. 惊人地；让人担忧地
 - surprisingly, startlingly

Word: spleen
Front: spleen
[spli:n] (托宝 18619/15871 -1)
Vocabulary: spleen
(once / 2240 pages)
1n 2n
The spleen is an organ that's about the size of a fist, located on the left side, just below the ribcage. Don't let its small size fool you. This little organ is very important in helping the body fight infection.
The spleen is responsible for removing old red blood cells and producing and storing a reserve of blood in case the body needs it. It's a little organ, measuring little more than four inches in length. The term "vent your spleen" is one you might see used. It means to vent your anger, as spleen is another word for bad temper or spite.
WORD FAMILY
spleen: spleens, splenetic, splenic+/splenetic: splenetically
USAGE EXAMPLES
It also delayed the deterioration of the animals’ kidneys and spleens and kept their hearts beating at a sprightly pace.
Science Magazine(Dec 15, 2016)
Tyree died from internal bleeding and suffered significant liver and spleen damage.
The Guardian(Dec 10, 2016)
Body temperature rises, and immune cells move from the lymph nodes, spleen, the walls of blood vessels, and the bone marrow into the bloodstream.
New York Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 脾; 怒气; 怨气
分布：脾(95%)，怒气(3%)，脾气(2%)
→来自拉丁语 splen,来自希腊 splen,来自 spelgh,脾。因中世纪医学理论认为脾是人体怒火 和怒气郁积之所，因而引申词义怒火，怒气。
【记】原指：脾－承担贮存血液、分解旧的血细胞、过滤血液中异物等功能，该器官一度被看作情绪的发源地－坏脾气读：死不吝－什么都不吝－坏脾气
【参】spleenish＝spleenful（adj 脾气坏的）
【反】goodwill（n 善意；亲切）
noun
ORGAN 器官
countable
■an organ near the stomach which produces and cleans the body's blood 脾
[spli:n] noun
ANGER 愤怒
uncountable formal
■a feeling of anger and disagreement 愤怒；不满；愤懑
• mainly UK She threatened, in a fit/burst of spleen, to resign. 她一时恼怒，威胁说要辞职。
• Shareholders used the conference as an opportunity to vent their spleen on (= get angry with) the Board of Directors. 股东们把大会当成了向董事会发泄怒气的机会。
n. 脾脏；坏脾气；怒气
 - crossness, bitchiness

Word: inattention
Front: inattention
[ˌɪnəˈtenʃn] (18567/33026)
Vocabulary: inattention
(once / 5080 pages)
n
When you don't pay full attention to something or someone, that's inattention. Your inattention while you're driving can lead to mistakes like running a red light or bumping into the car in front of you.
If you're not focusing on something enough, you're guilty of inattention. Inattention can be dangerous when you're flying a plane, taking a math test, or babysitting an active toddler. When you add the "not" prefix in- to attention (which comes from the Latin attendere, "give heed to," or literally "stretch toward"), you get inattention.
WORD FAMILY
inattention: inattentions+/ attend: attendance, attendant, attended, attender, attending, attends, attention, attentive / attendance: attendances, nonattendance/ attendant: attendants/attended: unattended/attender: attenders, nonattender/ attention: attentional, attentions, inattention / attentive: attentively, attentiveness, inattentive / inattentive: inattentively, inattentiveness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Siegel’s claim reveals not only flawed logic, but also a basic inattention to facts.
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
A medical examiner determined the baby died of “inattention,” Curran said.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
State troopers are investigating inattention by both parties involved as contributing factors in the man’s death.
Washington Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 不注意; 漫不经心; 心不在焉; 粗心
分布：疏忽(45%)，不注意(34%)，粗心(21%)
→in-,不，非，attention,关心。
noun uncountable
■failure to give attention 漫不经心，不注意
• Her disappointing exam results are entirely due to her inattention in class. 她考试成绩如此令人失望，完全是由于上课时不专心。
n. 不注意；疏忽；粗心
 - absence, unwariness

Word: Anglo-Saxon
Front: Anglo-Saxon
[,æŋɡləu'sæksən] None
Back: n. 盎格鲁-撒克逊
分布：盎格鲁-撒克逊人(75%)，盎格鲁-撒克逊的(25%)
→Anglo, 同angle, 角，指盎格鲁人(原日耳曼民族）原先居住的土地形如牛角。Saxon，剑客，词源同saw, 砍，锯。可参照李赋宁《英语史》。
US [ˌæŋ.gloʊ-] adjective
■describes the people who lived in England from about 600 AD and their language and customs 盎格鲁－撒克逊人的
■describes modern societies which are based on or influenced by English customs 基于英国习俗的；受英国习俗影响的
UK [ˌæŋ.gləʊ'sæk.sən] US [ˌæŋ.gloʊ-] noun
PERSON 人
countable
■one of the Anglo-Saxon people 盎格鲁－撒克逊人
⇒ See also WASP
UK [ˌæŋ.gləʊ'sæk.sən] US [ˌæŋ.gloʊ-] noun
LANGUAGE 语言
uncountable
■the language of the Anglo-Saxon people 盎格鲁－撒克逊语

Word: commoner
Front: commoner
[ˈkɒmənə(r)] (18624/15906 -1)
Back: n. 平民; 自费学生; 有公地使用权的人; 英国下院议员
分布：平民(63%)，自费学生(25%)，有共用权的人(12%)
→来自common, 普通的。
US ['kɑ:.mən.ɚ] noun countable
■a person who is not born into a position of high social rank 平民
• The princess's children have no titles because their father is a commoner. 公主的子女没有爵位，因为他们的父亲是平民。
n. 平民；自费学生；下议院议员
 - populace, common man

Word: curd
Front: curd
[kɜ:d] (宝 18621/17569)
Back: n. 凝乳
分布：凝乳(100%)
→可能来自ger,围，集中，词源同cram,crowd.
【记】读：蝌蚪（下面的单词读音更像蝌蚪）：当水中有一万只蝌蚪的时候，水就会变稠－凝乳
【参】bean curd(s) 豆腐
US [kɝ:d] (also curds)
noun uncountable
■the solid substance which forms when milk turns sour （牛奶变酸后形成的）凝冻
n. [食品] 凝乳；凝乳状物
 - renneting
vi. 凝结
 - concrete, to freeze

Word: latency
Front: latency
['leɪtənsɪ] (宝 18606/28192)
Vocabulary: latency
(once / 44941 pages)
n
Latency is a noun referring to something inactive, dormant, or lying in wait. It’s the state of not being visibly active yet — like when you're hiding out and waiting to jump up and yell "Surprise!"
Perhaps a little late, perhaps right on time, latency will wake up from its nap eventually. For a characteristic or skill to be in a period of latency, it does have to exist. So you should only use latency to describe your pitching ability if there is a fastball in you somewhere – otherwise, just admit you can’t pitch. If you’re in the lab, latency is also used to describe the period between a stimulus and a response.
WORD FAMILY
latency: latencies+/ latent: latency, latenter, latently
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Translate team began to conduct latency experiments on a small percentage of users, in the form of faked delays, to identify tolerance.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Cable partisans are already firing back preemptively, insisting that wired will always beat wireless in picture quality, latency, speed.
Wall Street Journal(Oct 25, 2016)
“Some customers may experience increased DNS query latency and delayed zone propagation during this time.”
Wall Street Journal(Oct 21, 2016)
Back: n. 潜伏; 潜在因素
分布：延迟(59%)，潜伏(22%)，潜伏期(19%)
潜伏(期)(latent潜伏的)[-ency,-iency表名词,ence的变体]
【记】读：late死。晚一些才会死去，因为有潜伏期。
【参】latent（adj 潜在的；隐藏的）
【反】manifest（adj 显然的；明白的）
n. [心理] [生理] 潜伏；潜在因素
 - incubation, implicit factor

Word: diagnostics
Front: diagnostics
[ˌdaɪəg'nɒstɪks] (18615/25368)
Back: n. 诊断学
分布：诊断学(94%)，机器诊断结果(6%)

Word: extinguisher
Front: extinguisher
[ɪkˈstɪŋgwɪʃə] (18594/20765)
Back: n. 熄火者; 消火者; 消火器; 熄火器
分布：灭火器(89%)，熄灭者(7%)，消除器(4%)
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■a fire extinguisher
n. [安全] 灭火器；消灭者；熄灭者
 - fire-extinguisher, annihilator

Word: workhorse
Front: workhorse
[ˈwɜ:khɔ:s] (18632/23650)
Back: n. 驮马，做粗工者，重负荷机器
分布：重负荷机器(54%)，驮马(35%)，做粗工者(11%)
US ['wɝ:k.hɔ:rs] noun countable
■a person who does a lot of work, especially of a type which is necessary but not interesting 克苦耐劳的人；埋头苦干的人
• a willing/reliable workhorse 甘愿挑重担的人／可靠的老黄牛
■a machine which operates without failing for long periods, although it might not be very interesting or exciting 经久耐用的机器
• The steam engine was the workhorse of the Industrial Revolution. 蒸汽机是工业革命中经久耐用的重负荷机器。
n. 做重活的人；驮马；重负荷机器
 - packhorse

Word: forefather
Front: forefather
[ˈfɔ:fɑ:ðə(r)] (托 18671/20275)
Vocabulary: forefather
(once / 1107 pages)
n
You can describe your ancestor who traveled to America on the Mayflower as your forefather.
Use the noun forefather to talk about a relative in the distant past, usually a man who goes back on your family tree several generations. Your great-great-great grandfather is your forefather, for example. You can also describe the founder of a tradition or style as a forefather — some people think of Chuck Berry as the forefather of rock n' roll, for example. Fore, "before," combines with father in the word forefather.
WORD FAMILY
forefather: forefathers+/ father: fathered, fatherhood, fathering, fatherless, fatherlike, fatherly, fathers, forefather / fatherly: fatherliness
USAGE EXAMPLES
In our latest 360 video, a Herero elder recounts a story he heard from his forefathers.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The specter of Israel’s rabbinate convulsing itself reminds us of the great wisdom of the American forefathers in separating church and state.
Time(Dec 09, 2016)
When the forefathers started this country, the congressmen were farmers.
The Guardian(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: n. 祖先，祖宗
分布：祖先(92%)，先辈(8%)
前人,祖先(fore+father父亲;祖先)[fore-表示"前面,预先"]
N-COUNT
(尤指男性)祖先，先人
Your forefathers are your ancestors, especially your male ancestors.
例：They were determined to go back to the land of their forefathers.他们决意回到祖先的土地上。
n. 祖先；前辈
 - father, root

Word: gated
Front: gated
[ˈgeɪtɪd] (18703/40621)
Back: [医]选通的，门控的
分布：大门(84%)，登机门(6%)，出入口(4%)，门票收入(3%)，解雇(2%)，常表示政治丑闻(1%)

Word: epilepsy
Front: epilepsy
[ˈepɪlepsi] (18591/15667 -1)
Vocabulary: epilepsy
(once / 2492 pages)
n
If you have epilepsy, you have a central nervous system disorder that may cause you to lose consciousness and have convulsions.
The noun epilepsy comes from the Greek word epilēpsia, which itself means seizure. Not all seizures are caused by epilepsy, but an epileptic seizure occurs when a strong electrical disturbance occurs in the brain. The severity and intensity of the seizures depend on many factors and are unique to each person. It may be possible to control seizures through medication, although not everyone with epilepsy will respond to medication. People with uncontrolled epilepsy should not drive.
WORD FAMILY
epilepsy: epilepsies, epileptic+/epileptic: epileptically, epileptics
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some speculate that it represents temporal-lobe epilepsy, others schizophrenia; auditory hallucinations are common in both conditions.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Photosensitive epilepsy may thus be underreported because people who suffer from it mistake the symptoms for something else.
Time(Dec 20, 2016)
Mr Wigglesworth explained that photosensitive epilepsy is a type of epilepsy in which seizures are triggered by flashing or flickering light.
BBC(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. [医]癫痫，羊痫疯
分布：癫痫症(100%)
→epi-, 在上，在中。-lepsy, 拿，握，抓住，词源同lemma, catalepsy. 即疾病上身的。
noun uncountable
■a condition of the brain which causes a person to become unconscious for short periods or to move in a violent and uncontrolled way 癫痫，羊痫疯，羊角风
• She can't drive because she suffers from/has epilepsy. 她不能开车，因为她患有癫痫。
n. [内科] 癫痫，癫痫症
 - falling sickness, sacred disease

Word: inculcate
Front: inculcate
[ˈɪnkʌlkeɪt] (托宝 18562/20041)
Vocabulary: inculcate
(once / 1718 pages)
v
To inculcate is to teach through frequent instruction. If you repeatedly tell your brother how important it is to be responsible, then you’re trying to inculcate in him a sense of responsibility.
The word inculcate traces back to the Latin word inculcare, meaning “to force upon or to stamp in.” If anyone has even tried to inculcate you with something, it may seem as if something is being stamped into your brain — over and over and over. A key thing to remember about this word is repetition: something, such as a value or a belief, is instilled in the brain by the persistent restating of its importance.
WORD FAMILY
inculcate: inculcated, inculcates, inculcating, inculcation +/ inculcation: inculcations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Recent events in her life had, however, inculcated a newfound habit of suspicion.
New York Times(Nov 30, 2016)
“I think it’s rather pernicious to inculcate into a child a view of the world which includes supernaturalism,” he said in a 2014 talk.
The Guardian(Nov 23, 2016)
The following school year, beginning in 2015, Islamic State imposed an entirely new curriculum to inculcate children with their ideology.
Reuters(Nov 18, 2016)
Back: vt. 极力主张，反复灌输
时态：inculcated, inculcating, inculcates
分布：教育(55%)，谆谆教诲(45%)
→in-,进入，使，-culc,踩，踢，词源同decal,recalcitrant,calceus(拉丁文，鞋子)。
【记】in进入，culc＝cult培养，种植，ate－种进去－灌输
【参】cultivate（vt 培养；耕作）
['ɪŋ.kʌl.keɪt] formal
verb transitive
■to fix beliefs or ideas in someone's mind, especially by repeating them often 反覆灌输；谆谆教诲
• Our football coach has worked hard to inculcate a team spirit in/into the players. 我们的足球队教练努力给运动员灌输团队精神。
vt. 教育；谆谆教诲；教授；反覆灌输
 - school, breed

Word: disembodied
Front: disembodied
[ˌdɪsɪmˈbɒdid] (宝 18630/20281)
Vocabulary: disembodied
(once / 6238 pages)
adj
Something that's disembodied is disconnected from a solid form or body. If you hear a disembodied voice coming from your basement, it's spooky and ghostly, with no visible shape or form.
Use the adjective disembodied to describe something that's separate from any substantial structure. A magic trick might make it appear that a disembodied head is floating in the air, and a mysterious voice or cry ringing out in the night would also seem to be disembodied. The root of disembodied is the verb embody, which had the earliest meaning of "invest a soul or spirit with a physical form."
WORD FAMILY
disembody: disembodied, disembodying+/embodied: unembodied/ embodiment: embodiments/ embody: disembody, embodied, embodies, embodiment, embodying
USAGE EXAMPLES
We never see her, but only hear her in a few passages as a disembodied, angelic voice.
New York Times(Nov 16, 2016)
“A bullet will kill you three ways,” says the disembodied voice of Ryan Phillippe, the star of the show, after a gunshot roars.
New York Times(Nov 11, 2016)
It focuses on an enormous, disembodied mouth slurping up variously colored goo.
New York Times(Nov 11, 2016)
Back: adj. （灵魂）脱离肉体的; 脱离实体的; 无身体的; 不具形体的
分布：无实体的(45%)，空洞的(43%)，动词disembody的过去式和过去分词形式.(12%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。embody, 进入肉体，实质化体现。即脱离肉体，脱离实体。
【记】embody（vt 具体表达；使具体化）
【反】corporeal（adj 肉体的；物质的；有形的）
US [-'bɑ:.did] adjective
■seeming not to have a body or not to be connected to a body 脱离躯体的；由看不见的人发出的
• a disembodied voice 不见其人的说话声
adj. 空洞的；无实质的；无实体的
 - inane, cavitary

Word: orderly
Front: orderly
[ˈɔ:dəli] (研四六托雅 7744/8435 -1)
Vocabulary: orderly
(once / 519 pages)
1adj 2adj 3n 4n
Orderly means neat, tidy, and well-organized. An orderly library makes it easy to find the books you want.
A thing or place can be orderly, like a desk, refrigerator, or a hospital, and so can a person, particularly if they are very calm and well-behaved. And when it's a noun, orderly means a hospital worker who does many non-medical jobs and generally keeps things neat and tidy — orderly, in other words. The Latin root is ordinem, "arrangement or row," which originally meant "a row of threads in a loom."
WORD FAMILY
orderly: orderlies, orderliness+/ disorder: disordered, disordering, disorderly, disorders/disordered: disorderedly/ disorderly: disorderliness/ order: disorder, ordered, orderer, ordering, orderly, orders, reorder, suborder, superorder/ordered: unordered/orderer: orderers/ordering: orderings/reorder: reordered, reordering, reorders/suborder: suborders
USAGE EXAMPLES
Amazingly, people move in an orderly fashion as they heed arrows that guide them up and down stairs and along sidewalks.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
But they risk upending conventions developed since Mao’s death to allow flexibility in government and ensure a regular and orderly transition of power.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 26, 2016)
Most of the “extra-continentals” turn themselves in voluntarily to Mexican authorities, forming orderly queues each morning outside the federal immigration detention center in Tapachula.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 整齐的，有秩序的; 有组织的，有规则的; [军]值班的; 安静的
n. [军]传令下士; 传令兵; <英>街道清洁工
adv. 依次地，顺序地; 有规则地; 有条理地
分布：有秩序的(43%)，整齐的(30%)，勤务兵(25%)，一丝不苟的(2%)
a.整齐的,有秩序的,有条理的n.勤务兵No extraordinary disorder happens on the orderly border.在有序的边界上没有发生不寻常的混乱.
US ['ɔ:r.dɚ.li] noun countable
HOSPITAL WORKER 医院的工人
■a hospital worker who does jobs for which no training is necessary, such as helping the nurses or carrying heavy things （医院的）护工，勤务员
• He has a part-time job as a hospital orderly. 他兼职在医院做勤务员。
UK ['ɔ:.dəl.i] US ['ɔ:r.dɚ.li] noun countable
SOLDIER 士兵
■a soldier who acts as an officer's servant 勤务兵
UK ['ɔ:.dəl.i] US ['ɔ:r.dɚ.li] adjective
■well arranged or organized 整齐的；井然有序的
• She put the letters in three orderly piles. 她把信整理成整齐的三叠。
• Form an orderly queue. 排好队。
• During the bomb scare, the customers were asked to proceed in an orderly fashion out of the shop. 在收到炸弹恐吓期间，顾客被要求井然有序地撤离商店。
orderly, tidy, neat, trim
这组词都有“整齐的，整洁的”的意思，其区别是：
orderly: 语义比上述几个词强，最常用。指把复杂细微的东西按其内在联系安排整齐，侧重井井有条。
tidy: 侧重整齐，井然有序。
neat: 指人或物外表既清洁又整齐。
trim: 着重因线条清晰、比例匀称而使外观呈现出紧凑和精确、美观。
adj. 有秩序的；整齐的；值班的
 - regular, straight
n. 勤务兵；传令兵；护理员
 - batman, lashkar
adv. 顺序地；依次地
 - seriatim

Word: hauler
Front: hauler
['hɔ:lə(r)] (18746/-)
Back: n. 运输业者，搬运工
分布：搬运工(75%)，经营运输业者(25%)
N-COUNT
同 haulier
A hauler is the same as a haulier .
n. 搬运工
 - hammal, removalist

Word: acrid
Front: acrid
[ˈækrɪd] (托宝 18600/20185)
Vocabulary: acrid
(once / 3516 pages)
1adj 2adj
Acrid is almost always used to describe a smell, and it ain't a pretty one. Acrid is the nasty sting that you feel in your nose when you walk by a building that just burned down––it's sulfur mixed with smoke.
You can also use acrid to describe someone's tone or general demeanor when they are being nasty. Someone about to do something evil might first give an acrid sneer, or speak in a chillingly acrid tone of voice, or even shudder as if they'd just bit into something with an acrid taste.
WORD FAMILY
acrid: acridest, acridity, acridly, acridness +/acridity: acridities
USAGE EXAMPLES
An acrid smell fills the air as Garb walks past ramshackle workshops and blackened hills.
Nature(Nov 29, 2016)
But El Popo, as locals call it, rebuffed them with ash and belches of acrid gas—precisely what the scientists wanted to measure.
Science Magazine(Nov 21, 2016)
Camp residents heard the screaming before the acrid scent of burning plastic and polyester wafted through the abandoned factory.
Time(Nov 14, 2016)
Back: adj. 辛辣的; 刺鼻的; （性格、态度、言词等）刻薄的; 尖刻的
分布：辛辣的(61%)，尖刻的(25%)，苦味的(14%)
→来自词根acer, 酸的。
辛辣的;类刻的(acrimony的形容词)[acid,acri,acrid,acu=sour,sharp,表示"尖,酸,锐利"]
【记】源于拉丁语acer表示尖锐；acid酸＋r＝辛辣的，刻薄的
【反】gentle（adj 温和文雅的）
adjective
■describes a smell or taste that is strong and bitter and causes a burning feeling in the throat （气味或味道）辛辣的，苦的，刺激的，呛人的
• Clouds of acrid smoke issued from the building. 楼内冒出阵阵刺鼻的烟雾。
adj. 辛辣的；苦的；刻薄的
 - acid, bitter, spicy

Word: superconducting
Front: superconducting
[sju:pəkən'dʌktɪŋ] (18828/30011)
Back: adj. 超导（电）的，无电阻率的，使用无电阻物质的
分布：超导的(100%)

Word: underserved
Front: underserved
[ʌndə'sɜ:vd] (18614/-)
Back: adj. 服务不周到的，服务水平低下的
分布：服务不周到的(100%)

Word: sideboard
Front: sideboard
[ˈsaɪdbɔ:d] (18546/16022)
Back: n. 餐具橱，餐柜
分布：餐具柜(100%)
→side,边，board,板，柜子。引申词义餐具柜。
US [-bɔ:rd] noun countable
■a piece of furniture with a flat top and cupboards at the bottom, usually used for holding glasses, plates, etc. 餐具柜，碗橱
n. 餐具柜；侧板，边线界墙
 - arthropleure, lateralia

Word: parse
Front: parse
[pɑ:z] (宝 18644/28472)
Vocabulary: parse
(once / 5691 pages)
v
When you parse a sentence, you break it into parts and analyze each element carefully. When your sweetheart shouts "You never listen!" it's a bad idea to parse that by replying, "I just heard you, so I must be listening."
The ability to successfully parse language is important. A binding legal contract, for example, should be read very carefully so you know exactly what's going on. You can also parse things that are more personal. You might exhaustively parse the comments of the guy you have a desperate crush on for any hint that he shares your passionate feelings. The sad truth of the matter? If you have to parse, he probably doesn't love you. Apply your parsing skills elsewhere!
WORD FAMILY
parse: parsed, parses, parsing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Parsing the specifics is part of Cousins’s job, how he learns from mistakes and moves on.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Now, I was faced with parsing dozens of obscure points of origin and even the names of different growers.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
He parsed the intersection of religion and politics.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 从语法上描述或分析（词句等）
时态：parsed, parsing, parses
分布：从语法上分析(100%)
→来自拉丁语pars,分开，部分，词源同part.引申词义作句法分析。
【记】读：怕死，语法分析需要背的东西太多－怕死了
US [pɑ:rs] specialized
verb transitive
■to separate a sentence into grammatical parts, such as subject, verb, etc. 对（句子）作文法分析
vt. 解析；从语法上分析
 - anatomise
vi. 理解；从语法上分析
 - cotton on, get at
n. 从语法上分析；分列
 - fanout

Word: replant
Front: replant
['ri:'plɑ:nt] (18649/19016)
Back: v. 再植; 改种; 移（民）; 使复位
时态：replanted, replanting, replants
分布：改种(42%)，移植(31%)，再植(27%)
再种,再植(re再+plant)[Plant=plant,表示"种植"]
vt. 改种；移植；移居
 - to transplant, transfer of culture

Word: hype
Front: hype
[haɪp] (8395/12443 -2)
Vocabulary: hype
(once / 3859 pages)
nv
As a noun, hype means extravagant claims about a person or product. All the hype about a miraculous new kind of mop might influence you to buy one, but after trying it out you'll realize it's just a mop.
Experts speculate that the word hype may be a back formation of hyperbole, or it may come from hyper — old-fashioned slang for a person who swindled someone. As a verb, to hype something is to blatantly promote it. If you hype your favorite restaurant enough, your friends will finally try it. If they all hate it, though, they might never listen to you again!
WORD FAMILY
hype: hyped, hypes, hyping
USAGE EXAMPLES
At first I instantly thought it was marketing hype but slowly the story intrigued me and I began searching online.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
King, the flamboyant boxing promoter who hyped Mike Tyson’s 1980s fights, was also saluted by Trump as “a phenomenal person” despite a conviction for manslaughter.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Prefight hype is a combat sports tradition, the foundation of promotional pull.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 天花乱坠的广告宣传
vt. 大肆宣传; 夸张地宣传（某人或某事物）
分布：炒作(58%)，大肆宣传(35%)，刺激(5%)，吸毒成瘾的人(1%)，夸大的广告宣传(1%)
→俚语词，可能来自希腊语hyper,超过的，过度的，词源同super.
noun uncountable informal
■when something is advertised and discussed in newspapers, on television, etc. all the time in order to attract everyone's interest （新闻媒体的）大肆宣传，炒作
• media hype 媒体炒作
• There's been a lot of hype around/surrounding his latest film. 大规模的宣传都围绕着他的最新电影进行。
• I've been put off reading the book by all the hype. 所有的宣传炒作令我对这本书产生反感。
[haɪp] verb transitive often passive (also hype up)
■to repeatedly advertise and discuss something in newspapers, on television, etc. in order to attract everyone's interest （透过新闻媒体）大肆宣传，炒作
• It's being hyped as the musical event of the year. 它正被炒作成年度音乐盛事。
[haɪp] verb transitive often passive (also hype up)
  Phrasal Verbs  hype sb up
■to make someone feel very excited 使（某人）兴奋；使（某人）激动
• She took pills to keep her awake, to help her sleep, to calm her down and to hype her up. 无论她要保持清醒还是入眠，要平静下来还是兴奋，都得靠药物帮助。
n. 大肆宣传；皮下注射
 - subcutaneous injection, hypodermic injection
vt. 大肆宣传；使…兴奋
 - warm

Word: vegan
Front: vegan
[ˈvi:gən] (18638/24225 -1)
Vocabulary: vegan
(once / 21258 pages)
n
If you’re a vegan, you’re a strict vegetarian, and you don’t eat anything that comes from an animal — not even eggs or dairy. Most vegans also avoid using animal products like wool and leather.
A vegan diet is heavy on fruits, vegetables, nuts, and grains, and since only animal products contain cholesterol, vegans are often healthier than the steak-and-potatoes crowd. On the other hand, eating out can sometimes be harder for a vegan, since things like pizza with mozzarella and hamburgers aren't options. As you no doubt noticed, vegan is related to vegetarian and vegetable.
WORD FAMILY
vegan: vegans
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I don’t want to become an annoying vegan,” he said.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
It is vegan, and it tastes like tapioca flavored with coconut.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
It’s diamonds and Priuses — or really just a few ounces of vegan caviar — with all the savings.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 严格的素食主义者
分布：严格的食素主义者(100%)
→来自vegetable,蔬菜，引申词义素食主义者。
noun countable
■a person who does not eat or use any animal products, such as meat, fish, eggs, cheese or leather 严守素食主义者（不食用或不使用任何动物产品）
• Vegans get all the protein they need from nuts, seeds, beans and cereals. 严守素食主义者从坚果、瓜籽、大豆和谷物中获得他们所需的全部蛋白质。
Compare vegetarian
['vi:.gən] adjective
■not eating, using or including any animal products 不食用或不使用任何动物产品
• a vegan diet 严格的素食
• She decided to turn vegan after watching a documentary about how poultry is raised. 在看了一部有关家禽养殖的纪录片之后，她决定转做一个严格的素食主义者。

Word: fucker
Front: fucker
[ˈfʌkə(r)] (18778/25664)
Back: n. 傻瓜，笨蛋
分布：混蛋(72%)，性交者(28%)
US [-ɚ] noun countable offensive
■a stupid person 笨蛋，傻瓜
• You stupid fucker! 你这个白痴！
n. 笨蛋，傻瓜
 - simple, turkey, put, stupid, idiot

Word: intermission
Front: intermission
[ˌɪntəˈmɪʃn] (宝 18663/33989)
Back: n. 间歇，停顿，（放映电影中）中间休息
分布：幕间休息(37%)，中断(32%)，停顿(21%)，中止(10%)
→inter-,在内，在中间，相互，-miss,送走，离开，词源同mission,omit.引申词义空档，空出来，幕间休息。
【记】inter中间，mission（n 使命；任务；代表团）－在两个任务之间－间歇
US [-tˌɚ-] US (UK interval)
noun countable or uncountable
■a short period between the parts of a play, film, concert , etc. （戏剧、电影、音乐会等的）幕间休息
■US
■a period between parts of a game when the players rest and people watching can leave their seats （体育比赛的）中间休息，中场休息
• The Sonics led by only 2 points at intermission. 中场休息时超音速队仅仅领先2分。
n. 幕间休息；暂停；中断
 - break, hang

Word: wanderer
Front: wanderer
[ˈwɒndərə(r)] (18662/15481)
Back: n. 流浪汉; 闲逛者; 游走动物
分布：流浪者(100%)
N-COUNT
流浪汉;闲逛者
A wanderer is a person who travels around rather than settling in one place.
n. 流浪者；漫游者；迷路的动物
 - rover, Vagabonds

Word: neophyte
Front: neophyte
[ˈni:əfaɪt] (宝 18670/40240)
Vocabulary: neophyte
(once / 5964 pages)
n
A neophyte is someone who's brand new at something. You're a neophyte the first time you pick up a guitar and start learning to play.
Neo- means new, and -phyte is from the Greek phuton "plant"––like a baby plant, a neophyte is someone who is new to an activity. In Greek, neophytos, literally "newly planted," was used to mean "new church convert." A political neophyte is someone who is newly elected and comes to Washington D.C. not understanding how the game of politics is played. A Frisbee neophyte is someone who has just thrown the disc for the first time.
WORD FAMILY
neophyte: neophytes
USAGE EXAMPLES
As secretary of state, Trump tapped a neophyte to international diplomacy, but one whose silvery hair and boardroom bearing project authority.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
As a result, it is supremely easy to use even for people who are neophytes to digital technology.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
I considered myself to be a hopeful skeptic, but a neophyte in the worlds of clairvoyance, soothsaying and any medium promising news of the future.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 初学者，新手; 新近改变信仰或皈依某宗教的人; 新来杂草植物; 新引种植物
分布：新手(72%)，新信徒(28%)
→neo-,新，-phyte,生长，植物，词源同be,physics.
【记】neo＝new，phyte植物一新植物一新手
【参】neolithic（adj 新石器时代的）；neologism（n 新语）；neonate（n 出生不满一个月的新婴儿）
US [-oʊ-] formal
noun countable
■someone who has recently become involved in an activity and is still learning about it 新手；初学者
n. 新信徒；新入教者；初学者
 - catechumen, learner

Word: minutia
Front: minutia
[maɪ'nju:ʃɪə] (宝 18681/19604)
Vocabulary: minutia
(once / 9949 pages)
n
The tiny details of anything can be called minutiae. Minutia — which you'll usually see as minutiae, the plural version — is a little like trivia.
Notice how minutia almost has the word mini in it? That's a good clue to the meaning, which is "small things or details." People who are sports fans tend to love minutiae — like what a player's batting average is, right down to the third decimal point. Anytime you're dealing with itty-bitty details, you're looking at minutiae.
WORD FAMILY
minutia: minutiae, minutias
USAGE EXAMPLES
Such a focus reveals broader patterns, rather than getting dragged down into minutiae.
Salon(Jan 01, 2017)
For the past nine years, I’ve been immersed in the minutiae of nuclear command and control, trying to understand the actual level of risk.
The New Yorker(Dec 23, 2016)
As our colleague Erin Simpson wrote, he viscerally disdains the minutiae and machinery of the Pentagon.
Washington Post(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. （常复数）细节，小事
分布：细节(64%)，微枝末节(36%)
细微末节(minute小＋ia→小事件→琐事)[mini,min=small,表示"小"]
琐碎细节(minute细小的+ia)[-ia 1.表名词"某种病"2.表名词"总称,状态"]
【记】min小
【反】essential point（重点）；vital feature（重要特征）；lengthy account（冗长的解释）；crucial aspects（重要方面）
n. 琐事，细节
 - detail, specific

Word: dichotomous
Front: dichotomous
[daɪ'kɒtəməs] (18783/36082)
Vocabulary: dichotomous
(once / 123118 pages)
adj
If something's dichotomous, it's divided into two distinct parts. It can describe a plant whose leaves pair off in opposing buds or anything — a government, a relationship — that has two divisions that are sharply opposed.
The relationship between science and mysticism, or astrology and astronomy, for example, are two examples of a dichotomous relationship: each side has a completely irreconcilable set of basic principles. You might say the same about a father and son who support different baseball teams. Not surprisingly, the word dichotomous comes from the ancient Greek word dikhotomia, meaning "a cutting in half." So be warned and make sure your children grow up supporting the same team as you.
WORD FAMILY
dichotomous: dichotomously+/dichotomise: dichotomisation/dichotomize: dichotomization, dichotomized, dichotomizes, dichotomizing/ dichotomy: dichotomies, dichotomise, dichotomize, dichotomous
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I’m not sure I can answer it in the way you put it — in a dichotomous yes or no,” Perkins replied.
Time(Nov 02, 2016)
Swipe left or right, that’s all there is to Reigns, an ingenious, dichotomous Tinder-like, only about ruling a kingdom instead of speed-dating.
Time(Oct 31, 2016)
Living in those circumstances had a strange dichotomous quality.
Wall Street Journal(Sep 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 分成两个的，叉状分枝的
分布：叉状分枝的(50%)，分成两个的(50%)

Word: leech
Front: leech
[li:tʃ] (18653/19877 -1)
Vocabulary: leech
(once / 1648 pages)
nv
A leech is a kind of worm that feeds by sucking blood from other animals. You might find yourself needing to pull a leech off your leg after swimming in a lake.
Because leeches are parasites, it's common for people to use the word as a metaphor for someone who sponges off of other people. If you have a friend who is always borrowing money but never pays it back, and who is known for requesting favors without granting them in return, you can call him a leech. The blood-sucking leech was once commonly used by doctors who treated patients by "bleeding" them, a practice that's still occasionally used in medicine today.
WORD FAMILY
leech: leeched, leeches, leeching, leechlike
USAGE EXAMPLES
Cider is another of those forsaken products that was huge in Colonial times — like hemp or leeches.
Washington Post(Dec 11, 2016)
A bulwark against the suburban leech of sales taxes.
Washington Post(Dec 07, 2016)
The DNR will work with the Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe and other stakeholders to conduct a broader search and discuss response options.
Washington Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 水蛭; 蚂蟥; 榨取他人脂膏者; 〈古〉医师
v. 用水蛭吸血; 依附并榨取
时态：leeched, leeching, leeches
分布：水蛭(67%)，榨取他人利益的人(22%)，以水蛭吸血(11%)
→来自古英语laece,巫师，巫医，医生，来自leg,读，词源同legible,lecture.引申词义念咒，召唤鬼神，后词义过渡到医生。因从古希腊时代，水蛭就作为重要的治病工具用于给病人吸血，放血，该词就逐渐引申水蛭，蚂蝗词义。比较invoke,incantation.
noun countable
■a fat worm which lives in wet places and fastens itself onto the bodies of humans and animals to take their blood 水蛭，蚂蟥
disapproving
■a person who gives attention to someone over a long period in order to get their money or support （指人）吸血鬼，寄生虫
n. [无脊椎] 水蛭；吸血鬼；榨取他人利益的人
 - bloodsucker, hirudo

Word: Zionist
Front: Zionist
['zaɪənɪst] (14909/26917)
Back: [网络] 犹太复国主义者；锡安主义者；复国运动者
N-COUNT
犹太复国主义者
A Zionist is someone who believes in Zionism.
例：He was an ardent Zionist.他是犹太复国运动的热情支持者。
ADJ
犹太复国运动的;犹太复国主义的
Zionist means relating to Zionism.
例：...the Zionist movement.犹太复国运动

Word: omnipresent
Front: omnipresent
[ˌɒmnɪˈpreznt] (宝 18682/22362)
Vocabulary: omnipresent
(once / 4555 pages)
adj
Omnipresent describes something that's everywhere at once, like a deity or a bad smell.
You might recognize the prefix omni-, meaning "all," from words like omnipotence (all powerful), or omniscient (all knowing). Add it to -present, and voilà, there's something that's present all the time, like Santa Claus who sees you when you're sleeping and knows when you're awake. You can't hide from an omnipresent being. Hair splitters prefer that a bad smell be ubiquitous (turns up everywhere) and save omnipresent for the divine. And Santa.
WORD FAMILY
omnipresent: omnipresence, omnipresently
USAGE EXAMPLES
Will people pay attention to such advice, already so omnipresent?
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Gaza is no angel, but as much a victim as the “meat” he helps shift: a hapless child soldier in our “omnipresent state of war”.
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
Lenins were replaced by billboards of smiling presidents, just as omnipresent as the Soviet leaders once were, and equally hagiographic.
The Guardian(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: adj. 无所不在的，同时遍在的; 无往不在
分布：无处不在的(100%)
→omni-,全，总，present,出现。引申词义无处不在的。
无所不在的(omni+present出现的)[omni-表示"全部,到处"]
US [ˌɑ:m-] formal
adjective
■present or having an effect everywhere at the same time 无所不在的，遍及各处的
• So how did a diminutive Australian soap star get to be an omnipresent icon of style and beauty? 那么，一个澳大利亚的连续剧小明星是怎么变成一位无所不在的优雅而美丽的偶像？
adj. 无所不在的
 - ubiquitous, illocal

Word: overjoyed
Front: overjoyed
[ˌəʊvəˈdʒɔɪd] (18676/18687)
Back: adj. 万分高兴的，欣喜若狂的
v. 使大喜( overjoy的过去式和过去分词 )
分布：极度高兴的(64%)，欣喜若狂的(36%)
→over-,超过，过度，joy,高兴，兴奋。
US [ˌoʊ.vɚ-] adjective [after verb]
■extremely pleased and happy 极度高兴的；欣喜若狂的
• We're overjoyed at your news. 听到你的消息，我们非常高兴。
• [+ to infinitive] Helen was overjoyed to hear that she had got the job. 海伦听到自己得到这份工作后欣喜若狂。
• [+ that] I'm overjoyed that you're coming to visit me. 你要来看我，我太高兴了。
adj. 狂喜的；极度高兴的
 - rapturous, enrapt

Word: cataclysmic
Front: cataclysmic
[ˌkætə'klɪzmɪk] (18690/22735)
Vocabulary: cataclysmic
(once / 18672 pages)
adj
Something that’s cataclysmic is violently destructive. The word often refers to natural disasters, like a cataclysmic earthquake, but cataclysmic can describe other events as well as long as they’re bad enough, like the cataclysmic failure you had making meatloaf.
Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, floods, tornados, landslide . . . These natural disasters are often described as cataclysmic when they cause great devastation. Cataclysmic isn't just for describing natural disasters — personal disasters can be called cataclysmic as well if you want to emphasize just how badly something turned out. If your meatloaf is just so-so, it’s not so disastrous. But if it’s so spectacularly bad that no one can eat it? That’s a cataclysmic failure.
WORD FAMILY
cataclysmic: cataclysmically+/ cataclysm: cataclysmal, cataclysmic, cataclysms
USAGE EXAMPLES
There are more of these movies than ever, with budget-bulging cataclysmic finales all gunning to top each other.
The Guardian(Dec 12, 2016)
The impression is one of figures hurled back by some cataclysmic disaster.
The New Yorker(Dec 05, 2016)
This cataclysmic moment could finally decide a winner—the East versus the West—in a long-simmering battle for global supremacy.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 洪水的，大变动的
分布：灾难性的(87%)，剧变的(13%)
ADJ-GRADED
灾难性的；引起巨大变化的
A cataclysmic event is one that changes a situation or society very greatly, especially in an unpleasant way.
例：...the cataclysmic events that were destroying his faith in humanity...摧毁他对人性的信念的灾难性事件
例：Few had expected that change to be as cataclysmic as it turned out to be.没有几个人料到那个变化会如此翻天覆地。
adj. 大变动的；洪水的
 - pluvial

Word: stalled
Front: stalled
[stɔ:ld] (18693/34346)
Back: 失速的
分布：被困住的(50%)，动词stall的过去式和过去分词形式.(50%)
V-ERG
(使)(进程)暂停;(使)推后
If a process stalls, or if someone or something stalls it, the process stops but may continue at a later time.
例：The Social Democratic Party has vowed to try to stall the bill until the current session ends.社会民主党誓言要将该议案拖到本次议会会议结束之后。
例：...but the peace process stalled...但和平进程暂停了。
VERB
拖延
If you stall, you try to avoid doing something until later.
例：Some parties have accused the governor of stalling...有些党派指责州长在拖延时间。
例：Thomas had spent all week stalling over his decision.托马斯磨了整个星期，迟迟不想作出决定。
VERB
暂时阻止;把…拖住
If you stall someone, you prevent them from doing something until a later time.
例：Shop manager Brian Steel stalled the man until the police arrived.商店经理布赖恩·斯蒂尔将那名男子拖住，直到警方赶到。
V-ERG
(使)突然熄火
If a vehicle stalls or if you accidentally stall it, the engine stops suddenly.
例：The engine stalled...发动机突然熄火了。
例：Your foot falls off the pedal and you stall the car.你的脚离开踏板，汽车便会熄火。
N-COUNT
货摊;摊位;咨询台
A stall is a large table on which you put goods that you want to sell, or information that you want to give people.
例：...market stalls selling local fruits.出售当地水果的市场摊位
N-PLURAL
(戏院、音乐厅的)正厅前排座位
The stalls in a theatre or concert hall are the seats on the ground floor directly in front of the stage.
N-COUNT
(淋浴间等房间里的)小分隔间
A stall is a small enclosed area in a room which is used for a particular purpose, for example a shower.

Word: counterculture
Front: counterculture
[ˈkaʊntəkʌltʃə(r)] (18642/-)
Vocabulary: counterculture
(once / 24624 pages)
n
A group of people who do and believe things outside of what society considers normal or typical can be called a counterculture. A counterculture might organize itself around opposition to war or unusual ideas about raising children, for example.
A counterculture is at odds with, and sometimes in direct opposition to, the prevailing norms — this was the case at the beginning of the anti-war "hippie" counterculture that formed in the 1960s as a protest against US involvement in the Vietnam War. The term first emerged around this time in Theodore Roszak's 1969 book "The Making of a Counter Culture."
WORD FAMILY
counterculture: countercultures+/acculturate: acculturated, acculturation, acculturative/ acculturation: acculturational/ cultural: culturally, multicultural, transcultural / culture: acculturate, counterculture, cultural, cultured, cultures, culturing, subculture / cultured: culturedly, uncultured / multicultural: multiculturalism / subculture: subcultures/ uncultured: unculturedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Funk, with its freaky fusion of partying and protest, was closer to the rock youth counterculture.
Slate(Dec 18, 2016)
Boots and jeans were part of the counterculture look.
Seattle Times(Dec 10, 2016)
The episode did not spell the end of the counterculture, said Mr. Selvin, the author.
New York Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. 反主流文化; 反传统文化
分布：名词(100%)
→counter-, 相反。culture，文化。
N-VAR
反主流文化;反正统文化
Counter-culture is a set of values, ideas, and ways of behaving that are completely different from those of the rest of society.
例：...a history of British counter-culture.英国反主流文化的历史
N-COUNT
反主流文化群体
A counter-culture is a group in society whose values, ideas, and ways of behaving are completely different from those of the rest of society.
例：Not everyone joined the counterculture, not everyone demonstrated, dropped out, took drugs, or dodged the draft.不是所有人都加入反主流文化群体，不是所有人都示威游行，退学，吸毒，或逃避服兵役。

Word: devastated
Front: devastated
[ˈdevəsteɪtɪd] (18664/22171 -1)
Back: v. 彻底破坏( devastate的过去式和过去分词); 摧毁; 毁灭; 在感情上（精神上、财务上等）压垮
adj. 毁坏的; 极为震惊的
分布：毁坏(57%)，使荒芜(29%)，使震惊(14%)
US [-tˌɪd] adjective
DESTROYED 被摧毁的
 ADVANCED
■completely destroyed 被彻底摧毁的，毁灭的
• Thousands of people have left their devastated villages and fled to the mountains. 数千人已经离开完全被毁的村庄，逃进了山里。
UK ['dev.ə.steɪ.tɪd] US [-tˌɪd] adjective
VERY UPSET 极为烦乱
 ADVANCED
■very shocked and upset 极度震惊的；极为烦乱的
• She was utterly devastated when her husband died. 丈夫死时她整个人都垮掉了。
adj. 毁坏的；极为震惊的
 - corrupted
v. 毁坏；摧毁（devastate的过去式和过去分词）
 - spoilt

Word: shamelessly
Front: shamelessly
['ʃeɪmləslɪ] (18695/21828)
Back: adv. 厚着脸皮地，无耻地
分布：不知羞耻地(75%)，不谦虚地(25%)
ADJ-GRADED
无耻的;不知廉耻的;不要脸的
If you describe someone as shameless, you mean that they should be ashamed of their behaviour, which is unacceptable to other people.
例：...a shameless attempt to stifle democratic debate.妄想扼杀民主讨论的无耻企图
例：...a shameless hustler and dealer in stolen goods.兜售和买卖偷盗的赃物的无耻之徒

Word: burlap
Front: burlap
[ˈbɜ:læp] (18640/-)
Back: n. （由黄麻制的做麻袋等用的）粗麻布
分布：粗麻布(100%)
→bur, 芒刺，形容粗糙。lap, 膝，一块布。
US ['bɝ:-] noun uncountable US for hessian
n. [纺] 粗麻布；麻袋
 - gunny, hessian cloth

Word: recrimination
Front: recrimination
[rɪˌkrɪmɪˈneɪʃn] (18701/14728 -1)
Vocabulary: recrimination
(once / 4617 pages)
n
Sometimes you accuse your opponent of refusing to compromise and he accuses you of the same thing. That’s a recrimination, an accusation or insult that’s hurled back at someone.
If you’ve ever been in a verbal disagreement with someone, odds are that you’ve experienced recriminations. You can remember it by noticing that crim as in "crime" is part of the word. When recriminations fly back and forth between two sides, each accuses the other of crimes in the metaphorical sense. Once the emergencies of a disaster have been taken care of, recriminations are sometimes hurled at those in charge for the way the crisis was handled.
WORD FAMILY
recrimination: recriminations+/ crime: crimes, criminal, criminate, incriminate / criminal: criminalise, criminalism, criminality, criminalize, criminally, criminalness, criminals, criminative/criminalise: criminalisation, decriminalise/criminality: criminalities/criminalize: criminalization, criminalized, criminalizes, criminalizing, decriminalize/criminate: criminated, criminates, criminating, criminatory, recriminate/decriminalise: decriminalisation/decriminalize: decriminalization, decriminalized, decriminalizing/ incriminate: incriminated, incriminates, incriminating, incrimination, incriminatory/incrimination: incriminations, self-incrimination/recriminate: recriminated, recriminates, recriminating, recrimination, recriminative, recriminatory
USAGE EXAMPLES
President-elect Donald Trump said Thursday evening that the nation should “move on” from sanctions and recriminations over Russia’s efforts to influence the election.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
After all the stormy exchanges and recriminations, the remaining question is where Mr. Trump’s alliance with Mr. Netanyahu will lead.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
What was meant to be the creation of an energy giant quickly collapsed into recriminations and a bitter fight fueled by buyer’s remorse.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 相互指责，吵架; 反诉; 揭丑
分布：反责(70%)，反控告(30%)
[rɪˌkrɪm.ɪ'neɪ.ʃən] (also recriminations)
noun uncountable
■arguments between people who are blaming each other 相互指责；反诉；反责
• The peace talks broke down and ended in bitter mutual recrimination(s). 和谈破裂，在激烈的相互指责中无果而终。
n. [法] 反责，反控；揭丑
 - counteraccusation

Word: domed
Front: domed
[dəʊmd] (18684/20998)
Back: adj. 有穹顶的，半球形的
分布：半球形的(64%)，动词dome的过去式和过去分词形式.(12%)，拱曲的(12%)，圆屋顶的(12%)
US [doʊmd] adjective
■shaped like a dome or covered with a dome 穹顶形的；有穹顶的
adj. 半球形的；有穹顶的
 - semiorbicular

Word: front-line
Front: front-line
[f'rʌntl'aɪn] None
Back: adj. 前线的
分布：前线的(100%)

Word: muffler
Front: muffler
[ˈmʌflə(r)] (宝 18647/40602)
Back: n. 围巾; 消声器，消音器
分布：消声器(57%)，围巾(28%)，头巾(9%)，厚手套(6%)
→来自muffle,裹住，覆盖。引申词义围巾，后用于指枪支的消音器。
US [-lɚ] noun countable
CAR 车 US a silencer
UK ['mʌf.lər] US [-lɚ] noun countable
CLOTHES 衣物 old-fashioned
■a thick scarf (= long piece of cloth worn around the neck) 厚围巾
n. 围巾； [声] 消音器；面纱；厚手套
 - neckcloth, bandelet

Word: starched
Front: starched
[stɑ:tʃt] (18589/25591)
Back: adj. 浆硬的，硬挺的，拘泥刻板的
v. 把（衣服、床单等）浆一浆( starch的过去式和过去分词 )
分布：浆硬的(45%)，拘泥刻板的(33%)，硬而挺的(11%)，动词starch的过去式和过去分词形式.(11%)
ADJ
上过浆的
A starched garment or piece of cloth has been made stiffer using starch.
例：...a starched white shirt.上过浆的白衬衫
例：...starched napkins.上过浆的餐巾

Word: menial
Front: menial
[ˈmi:niəl] (托宝 18694/19547)
Vocabulary: menial
(once / 2445 pages)
adjn
A menial task is anything that takes very little training, skill, or talent. Some people find it relaxing to do the menial chore of folding laundry. Go figure.
The adjective menial comes from an Old French word, mensie, which means “household.” Many chores that get labeled as menial are domestic, but other jobs outside of the home are sometimes also considered menial: stuffing envelopes, data processing, repetitive assembly line work, brain surgery (OK, that last one is not considered menial; we were just checking to see if you were awake).
WORD FAMILY
menial: menially, menials
USAGE EXAMPLES
Investigators with the Los Angeles Police Robbery Homicide Division said Galstyan was tired of being humiliated and forced to do menial tasks.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Resourceful enough to get here, most immigrants did all right, if only in menial jobs.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
In Gubaiya, a sedate hamlet in northwestern Yemen, many men worked in neighboring Saudi Arabia on construction sites, at restaurants and in menial jobs.
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: adj. （指工作）卑贱的，不体面的
n. （干粗活的）家仆
分布：卑微的(61%)，适合仆人做的(14%)，佣人(11%)，家仆(7%)，卑贱的人(7%)
→来自古法语mesnie,家庭，来自拉丁语mansionem,居住，居住地，词源同manor,mansion.字面意思即家里面的，附属于一个家庭的，后引申词义仆人，佣人。词义演变比较family.
adjective disapproving
■describes work that is boring, makes you feel tired, and is given a low social value （工作）乏味的，低贱的，不体面的
• It's fairly menial work , such as washing dishes and cleaning floors. 都是些很枯燥乏味的工作，如洗碗和擦地。
• a menial job/task 粗活
adj. 卑微的；仆人的；适合仆人做的
 - worthless
n. 仆人；住家佣工；下贱的人
 - servant, flunky

Word: incomparable
Front: incomparable
[ɪnˈkɒmprəbl] (18700/19249)
Vocabulary: incomparable
(once / 1196 pages)
adj
Something incomparable cannot be compared to anything else. Incomparable is usually a compliment for people and achievements that are extraordinary.
When we compare things, we notice similarities and differences between them. However, when something is incomparable, comparison is impossible because what you're talking about is so amazing. You might say that the paintings of Picasso are incomparable masterpieces or that the Grand Canyon is an incomparable sight. People do tend to exaggerate, but this word should be reserved for the truly outstanding.
WORD FAMILY
incomparable: incomparablest, incomparably+/ comparable: comparability, comparably, incomparable, uncomparable/comparably: uncomparably/ comparative: comparatively, comparatives/ compare: comparable, comparative, compared, compares, comparing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Another musical homage that Wonder perfectly infuses with the sensibilities of its inspiration, this time the incomparable Bob Marley.
Slate(Dec 18, 2016)
He’s the greatest to me in terms of comic films, he’s incomparable.
The Guardian(Dec 18, 2016)
“He was an incredible man. Very intelligent. Incomparable.”
The Guardian(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: adj. 无双的; 无敌的，无比的; 无可比拟; 无与伦比
分布：无可比拟的(54%)，无比的(28%)，无双的(18%)
→in-,不，非，comparable,可相比的。
US [-'kɑ:m.pɚ-] adjective
■so good or great that nothing or no one else could achieve the same standard 无与伦比的，无双的
• incomparable beauty/skill 举世无双的美丽／技艺
• the incomparable Mohammed Ali 无可匹敌的穆罕默德‧阿里
adj. 无比的；无可匹敌的；不能比较的
 - unparalleled, matchless

Word: fatigue
Front: fatigue
[fəˈti:g] (研四六托雅宝 4806/7858 -2)
Vocabulary: fatigue
(once / 249 pages)
1nv 2vn 3n
Swimming and playing volleyball at the beach can make you tired and pleasantly wiped out, but long hours filling and emptying a wheelbarrow of dirt on a hot day brings fatigue, a far more draining kind of exhaustion.
There is a noticeable difference between tiredness and fatigue. You can read a magazine or book before bed and get tired after a while, but if you work on math problems on a computer for a long time, you'll feel fatigue in your eyes, and maybe your brain will start to hurt. The Latin fatīgāre means to "tire out," "to fill to excess or to bursting." Even thinking about the Latin for fatigue brings some mental fatigue.
WORD FAMILY
fatigue: fatigued, fatigues, fatiguing, overfatigue+/ fatigued: fatiguedly/overfatigue: overfatigued, overfatiguing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Finally, as the turtle slowed down, he positioned the boat near the fatigued animal.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The nonprofit Jett Foundation collected data on falls, fatigue and other outcomes that the panel more or less ignored.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
He played 31 minutes in the loss and Doc Rivers said Paul experienced some fatigue after that game.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 疲劳，疲乏; 劳务杂役; （士兵穿的）工作服
vt. 使疲劳; 使疲乏
vi. 疲劳
时态：fatigued, fatiguing, fatigues
分布：疲劳(91%)，疲乏(4%)，疲劳的(4%)，劳务杂役(1%)
→fat-, 来自拉丁语fatisci, 拟声词，破裂声，开始裂开，-isci,起始动词后缀。-ig, 做，驱动，词源同exigent, agent. 即快断裂的，接近极限点的，词义引申人的极度疲劳，极限。
疲劳[fatig=weary(疲倦)]
n./v.(使)疲劳The patient fatigues easily.病人容易疲劳.
【记】fat的人que缺乏锻炼就容易劳累
【反】indefatigable（adj 不知疲倦的）－soon tired（很快疲倦）；energetic（adj 精力充沛的）
noun
TIREDNESS/WEAKNESS 疲惫／虚弱
uncountable formal
■extreme tiredness 疲惫，劳累
• She was suffering from fatigue and a stress-related illness. 她劳累不堪，还患了与压力有关的疾病。
uncountable specialized
■weakness in something, such as a metal part or structure, often caused by repeated bending （金属部件的）疲劳
• The crash was caused by metal fatigue in one of the propeller blades. 坠机事件是因一片螺旋桨叶发生金属疲劳造成的。
⇒ See also compassion fatigue
[fə'ti:g] noun
ARMY 军队
fatigues [plural] specialized
■a loose brownish green uniform worn by soldiers （士兵穿的）工作服，劳动服（一种宽松的暗绿色制服）
• army fatigues 军用工作服
■work such as cleaning or cooking, done by soldiers, often as punishment （打扫、帮厨等）士兵杂役（常作为惩罚）
• Get dressed right now or you'll find yourself on fatigues. 马上整装，否则罚你做杂役。
[fə'ti:g] verb transitive old use or formal
■to make someone extremely tired 使极度疲劳
• The journey had fatigued him. 旅途令他劳累不堪。
n. [生理] [心理] [力] 疲劳，疲乏；杂役
 - tiredness, weariness
vt. [生理] [心理] [力] 使疲劳；使心智衰弱
 - wear down
vi. [生理] [心理] [力] 疲劳
 - tire

Word: yea
Front: yea
[jeɪ] (18650/22626)
Vocabulary: yea
(once / 355 pages)
1n 2adv
Yea sounds like "yay" and is another word for "yes." It's often paired with "nay" when taking a vote in formal government or law and sometimes when asking friends if they want to get together, "Yea or nay?"
When an official asks for a vote on a bill or judgment, the question may be "How say you?" in the old style of English with an equally old-school response of "Yea" meaning a vote in favor. Using yea in casual conversation is less common but it's useful for showing that a person's "yes" counts as a vote because it matters in making a decision, as when you ask each other "Are you in or out — yea or nay?" when making plans.
WORD FAMILY
yea: yeas
USAGE EXAMPLES
But remember that resolution 2334 passed with the UK’s “yea” – a stronger statement than the US abstention.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Earlier this yea,r inquests into the deaths concluded the victims were unlawfully killed.
BBC(Nov 16, 2016)
So Yea for you Gretchen and all of us women who have learned to fight.
New York Times(Nov 12, 2016)
Back: n. 肯定，赞成
分布：是(55%)，赞成票；赞成(15%)，而且(15%)，甚至可说(15%)
→来自ye,已经，用于指肯定，确认，词源同yes.
old use
adverb
■yes 是
[jeɪ] old use
adverb
yea or nay
■yes or no 是或否
• They have the power to hire and fire managers and say yea or nay to big investment projects. 他们有权聘用和解雇经理，批准或否决重大投资项目。
n. 赞成；肯定；投赞成票者
 - approval, favorable to
adv. 是的
 - oui

Word: hog
Front: hog
[hɒg] (7852/18813 -1)
Vocabulary: hog
(once / 685 pages)
1nv 2n
A hog is a pig that's kept on a farm. You can also use the word as a verb, like when you act like a greedy hog. Try not to hog the pie, and stick to your allotted portion.
Though the primary definition of a hog is "domesticated pig," it sometimes refers to wild swine, including feral pigs and warthogs. Hogs are fairly intelligent and social animals, and some of their tendencies are dog-like, including wagging their tails to express pleasure. If your brother shoves cake in his mouth, you might call him a hog, or say, "Hey, don't hog the cake!" Hog originally referred to a one year old pig, but also a horse or sheep of a similar age. "Huckleberry Finn" contains the first known use of hog as a verb meaning "consume greedily."
WORD FAMILY
hog: hogged, hogging, hogs
USAGE EXAMPLES
Now, they raise grass-fed cattle, pastured poultry and pastured hogs.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Smithfield buys about 150 million bushels of corn, soybeans, wheat and sorghum per year to feed its 16 million hogs, according to a Smithfield spokeswomen.
Reuters(Dec 30, 2016)
Her farm, which raises and fattens the rare American mulefoot hogs for slaughter, is essential to their survival, she believes.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 猪; （供食用的）阉公猪; 像猪般的人; <口>自私的或贪婪的人
vt. 独占，贪心占取; 使拱起
vi. 拱起
时态：hogged, hogging, hogs
分布：猪(90%)，独占(6%)，贪婪者(3%)，像猪般的人(1%)
→来自古英语hogg,猪，来自kau,击，砍，词源同hew,hoe.引申词义阉割，后用来指阉割以育肥食用的猪。
US [hɑ:g] noun countable
ANIMAL 动物 US a pig, especially one which is allowed to grow large so that it can be eaten （尤指供食用的）猪
■UK
■a male pig with its sexual organs removed which is kept for its meat （供食用的）阉猪 Compare boar ; sow
UK [hɒg] US [hɑ:g] noun countable
PERSON 人 informal disapproving
■someone who takes much more than a fair share of something, especially by eating too much 贪吃的人；贪婪的人
• You've eaten it all? You hog! 你全吃光了？你这头猪！
UK [hɒg] US [hɑ:g] noun countable
go hog wild US informal
■to become too excited and eager about something, often so that you do too much 因过于兴奋、热切而做得过头
• There's no need to go hog wild just because it's Sarah's birthday - she won't want such a fuss. 仅仅因为今天是莎拉的生日就冲动过了头，这实在是没必要，她不想小题大做。
UK [hɒg] US [hɑ:g] verb transitive (-gg-) informal
■to take or use more than your share of something 贪心攫取
• He's always hogging the bathroom (= spending too much time in the bathroom, so that no one else can use it). 他总是贪心地占着浴室不走。
UK [hɒg] US [hɑ:g] verb transitive (-gg-) informal
hog the road disapproving
■to drive so that other vehicles cannot go past 占路开车
n. [畜牧] 猪，象猪般的人；贪婪者
 - pig, swine
vt. 使拱起
 - camber
vi. 拱起
 - arch

Word: salience
Front: salience
['seɪljəns] (18800/26871)
Vocabulary: salience
(once / 107449 pages)
n
Salience means importance. Your birthday will always be a date that jumps out at you with a lot of salience or importance.
Salience comes from the Latin salire, meaning "to leap." Something with salience leaps out at you because it is unique or special in some way. This could be an issue — like health care reform, or a day — like 9/11, or even something someone said — like the State of the Union address. If it jumps out at you as remarkable or special, it's characterized by a quality of salience.
WORD FAMILY
salience: saliences+/saliency: saliencies/ salient: salience, saliency, saliently, salients
USAGE EXAMPLES
Indeed, its political salience is precisely what renders race so reliably non-perishable.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
As to the first question, the explanation is quite simple: During protracted wars, traditional standards for measuring generalship lose their salience.
Salon(Dec 01, 2016)
In examining the relationship between white identity and ethnic diversity, we chose to focus on an ethnic minority of particular salience in contemporary politics: Hispanics.
Salon(Oct 23, 2016)
Back: n. 突出，特点
分布：显著(46%)，突出(32%)，卓越(22%)
ADJ-GRADED
最重要的;显著的;突出的
The salient points or facts of a situation are the most important ones.
例：He read the salient facts quickly...他快速浏览了重要的事实。
例：Chronic fatigue is also one of the salient features of depression.慢性疲劳也是抑郁症的显著特点之一。
N-COUNT
突出阵线，突出部(战线向敌人阵地推进的狭小范围)
A salient is a narrow area where an army has pushed its front line forward into enemy territory.
例：The soldiers had to remain in a deathtrap salient for most of the rest of the war.随后的战争中，士兵们大部分时间只能呆在最危险的突出阵地里。
n. 显著（等于saliency）；突出；卓越
 - projection, prominence

Word: angled
Front: angled
['æŋgld] (18666/15951)
Vocabulary: angled
(once / 8901 pages)
adj
Something at a sharp angle, slant, or incline can be described as angled. An angled ramp makes skateboarding more fun.
The roof of your house is probably angled, and so is the ramp of a parking garage and the blade of a chef's knife. Sports reporters are fond of describing certain moves as angled, too, like an angled basketball shot or an angled football run. The adjective angled comes from angle, "space between intersecting lines," from the Latin angulus, "an angle or a corner."
WORD FAMILY
angle: angled, angler, angles, angling, angular, angulate+/ angler: anglers/angling: anglings/ angular: angularest, angularity, angularly/angularity: angularities/angulate: angulated, angulating, angulation
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some look like angled tides of digital lightning; others like riffs on Southwestern quilts; and some like pixelated Photoshop fails.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Single rows of angled bars of uniform acrylic color alternate with double rows of shorter, angled bars.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 01, 2016)
As Fitzgerald went in motion, Newman correctly posited that he was getting a jump on his over route, an angled dash across the middle.
New York Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 成一定角度放置的; 以迎合某种观点而提出的; 有角度的
分布：成角度的(55%)，有角的(30%)，动词angle的过去式和过去分词.(15%)
N-COUNT
角；角度
An angle is the difference in direction between two lines or surfaces. Angles are measured in degrees.
例：The boat is now leaning at a 30 degree angle.船正以30度角倾斜。
N-COUNT
（两条线或两个平面相交的）夹角，边角
An angle is the shape that is created where two lines or surfaces join together.
例：...the angle of the blade.刀口的夹角
例：...brackets to adjust the steering wheel's angle.用于调整方向盘角度的支架
N-COUNT
角度
An angle is the direction from which you look at something.
例：Thanks to the angle at which he stood, he could just see the sunset...由于站的位置视角好，他刚好能看见日落。
例：His face will be discreetly concealed by camera angles.通过调整照相机的角度，他的脸将被巧妙地遮住。
N-COUNT
角度；观点；立场；侧重点；倾向性
You can refer to a way of presenting something or thinking about it as a particular angle .
例：We had to do the scene over and over again, from different angles...我们不得不翻来覆去地从不同的角度拍这个场面。
例：He was considering the idea from all angles.他正从各个角度考虑这个想法。
VERB
（间接迂回地）猎取，谋取，博取
If someone is angling for something, they are trying to get it without asking for it directly.
例：It sounds as if he's just angling for sympathy.听起来好像他只是在博取同情。
V-ERG
（使）朝向；（使）转向
If you angle something or if it angles in a particular direction, it faces or points in that direction.
例：You can open the slats for a bright light or angle them for more shade...可以调节百叶窗使光线亮一些，也可以暗一些。
例：The path angled downhill and northwards...小路向山下伸展，然后向北延伸。
PHRASE
成角度的;歪的;斜的
If something is at an angle, it is leaning in a particular direction so that it is not straight, horizontal, or vertical.
例：An iron bar stuck out at an angle...一根铁棍斜伸出来。
例：The wall's at a slight angle.这面墙有点歪。
adj. 成角的；有角的
 - angular, cornuted

Word: pointy
Front: pointy
[ˈpɔɪnti] (18637/35570)
Back: adj. 有尖头的，尖的
级别：pointier, pointiest
分布：非常尖的(67%)，有明显尖状突出部分的(33%)
US [-tˌi] informal
adjective
■shaped into a point 有尖头的
• She was wearing a pointy hat. 她戴着一顶尖帽。
adj. 尖的；非常尖的
 - spiked, cuspidate

Word: divination
Front: divination
[ˌdɪvɪˈneɪʃn] (18486/34177)
Vocabulary: divination
(once / 3116 pages)
n
The idea that you can see the future by supernatural means is called divination. When your friend tells your fortune by reading the tea leaves in your cup, she claims to have the power of divination.
The prediction or prophecy itself that's given through the act of fortune telling is also called divination. A psychic's divination that your aunt will soon start a family is much less impressive if your aunt is obviously pregnant. You can also use divination to refer to someone's unusual intuition, like a child who seems to know by divination when someone is feeling sad or upset.
WORD FAMILY
divination: divinations+/ divine: divination, divinatory, divined, divinely, diviner, divines, divinest, divining, diviningly, divinity /diviner: diviners/ divinity: divinities
USAGE EXAMPLES
She is a sentient being who grips the gilt-edged rim and stares into the ewer’s depths like a priestess awaiting divination from the gods.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Perhaps a Gresham’s law of divination is at work, whereby the bad advice of soothsayers always chases out sounder counsel from more rational advisers.
Economist(Nov 10, 2016)
Ms. Phillips came into the house carrying “dowsing rods,” crooked rods that are traditionally used as divination tools for finding buried treasure or water.
Wall Street Journal(Oct 27, 2016)
Back: n. 预言; 筮; 卜; 占卦
分布：占卜(78%)，预测(16%)，卜卦(6%)
noun uncountable
■the skill or act of saying or discovering what will happen in the future 占卜，算命
n. 预测，占卜
 - forecast, predictions

Word: couch
Front: couch
[kaʊtʃ] (研六雅 3375/8083 -2)
Vocabulary: couch
(once / 313 pages)
1n 2n 3v
A couch is a sofa — an upholstered piece of furniture that seats more than one person. It's nice to have a couch that's big enough for your whole family to sit on while you watch TV.
The word couch comes from the French word coucher, meaning to lie down. Some types of couches are indeed meant for lying down. A psychiatrist's couch, for example, was designed to make patients feel comfortable when discussing their problems. In language, to couch is to phrase your words in a certain manner. If you don't want to hurt your friend's feelings, you should couch your words carefully when you tell her that her everyone is leaving her party early.
WORD FAMILY
couch: couched, couches, couching
USAGE EXAMPLES
In their first season, they chose Kentucky quarterback Tim Couch.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
There are sweaters and snacks, a handsome Australian neighbor, and a couch.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
In somewhat of a statistical and intellectual improbability, Couch Slouch agrees with both sides.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 长沙发椅，睡椅; （病人受检查时躺的）长榻; 麦芽床; 涂底，涂层
vt. 表达; 使躺卧; 播撒谷物使发芽
vi. 躺卧; 隐蔽，埋伏; 使成堆
时态：couched, couching, couches
分布：长沙发(44%)，睡椅(20%)，长椅(13%)，表达(10%)，躺下(6%)，埋伏(6%)，兽穴(1%)
→来自拉丁词collocare, 安排，布置，放下，词源同allocate。引申义沙发，床。
n.长沙发;(病人躺的)长榻vt.表达The scorched couch is put in the porch of epoch.被烤焦睡椅放在时代门廊内.
【记】读：靠吃。要想靠着吃饭，请买长沙发。
【参】coach（n 四轮大马车；长途汽车；教练）
noun countable
SEAT 座
■a sofa
[kaʊtʃ] noun countable
BED 床
■a type of high bed, especially one in a doctor's office （尤指医生办公室中的）诊察枱，长榻
[kaʊtʃ] verb formal
couch sth in/as sth
■to express something in a particular way 以（某种方式）表达
• [often passive] I don't understand this form - it's all couched in legal terminology. 我看不懂这张表——满篇法律术语。
sofa, couch
这组词都有“沙发”的意思，其区别是：
sofa: 指有扶手和靠背，可供多人坐或一个人睡的长沙发，也泛指沙发。
couch: 指供昼夜坐卧，似床一样的长沙发或睡椅。
n. 睡椅， [家具] 长沙发；床；卧榻
 - bed, chaise lounge
vi. 蹲伏，埋伏；躺着
 - stay down, crouch
vt. 使躺下；表达；弯下
 - put, voice

Word: deciding
Front: deciding
[dɪ'saɪdɪŋ] (18716/21196)
Back: v. 下决心( decide的现在分词 ); （使）决定; 解决; 裁决
分布：决定性的(80%)，动词decide的现在分词.(20%)
adjective [before noun]
■A deciding event or action is more important than the rest because the final result, decision or choice is changed by it 决定性的
• The environmental argument was a deciding factor. 环境论证是一个决定性因素。
• The chairperson always has the deciding vote. 主席总是具有最终的决定权。
• Glennon scored the deciding goal in the final minute of the match. 格伦农在比赛的最后一分钟攻入了具有决定性的一球。
adj. 决定性的；无疑的
 - crucial, critical, final, certain
v. 决定（decide的现在分词）
 - determining, choosing

Word: Moslem
Front: Moslem
['mɒzləm] (高六 18804/9364)
Back: adj. 穆斯林的；伊斯兰教的；回教的
n. 穆斯林；穆罕默德信徒；伊斯兰
分布：回教的(32%)，回教徒(31%)，穆罕默德信徒(25%)，回教徒的(12%)
US ['mɑ:z.lem] noun adjective
■ Muslim
adj. 穆斯林的；伊斯兰教的；回教的
 - Islamic, Muslim
n. 穆斯林；伊斯兰；穆罕默德信徒
 - Muslim, Moorman

Word: gallop
Front: gallop
[ˈgæləp] (研宝 12092/10110 -1)
Vocabulary: gallop
(once / 290 pages)
nv
A gallop is a horse's fastest gait, a full-on run. A loud noise might cause a trotting horse to panic and break into a gallop.
Any four-legged animal can run at a gallop, although the word most often describes horses and ponies. To run this way is also to gallop: "I watched the horses gallop around the track." You can even use the word to emphasize a person's fast and heavy gait: "My little brother has to gallop around the house a few times before he'll go to bed."
WORD FAMILY
gallop: galloped, galloping, gallopped, gallopping, gallops
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s obvious in the galloping swiftness of her feet and her apparent ease in keeping up with her two supremely accomplished colleagues.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Venezuela faces a severe economic crisis that includes galloping inflation and shortages of food, medicine and other goods.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
The man died after stepping into the path of a galloping horse during a race in honour of the girl's 15th birthday.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. （马等）疾驰，飞奔; （比喻）飞快
vt. & vi. （使马）飞驰; 飞速传递
vi. 快速做[说]某事
时态：galloped, galloping, gallops
分布：疾驰(44%)，飞奔(35%)，飞驰(16%)，急速进行(5%)
→来自wallop的拼写变体，即well leap.
v./n.奔驰,飞奔He galloped across the field.他骑马飞驰穿过原野.
【记】马在gallop后需要一gallon的水elope（vi 私奔；出走）出去就落魄；lope（v /n 大步慢跑）
verb
intransitive or transitive
■(of a horse) to run fast so that all four feet come off the ground together in each act of forward movement, or (of a person) to ride a horse that is running in this way （马）飞跑，疾驰；（人）骑马奔驰
• We galloped through the woods. 我们骑马从林中飞驰而过。
Compare canter ; trot
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition informal
■to move or act quickly 急速移动；快速行动
• It is the height of folly and a tragic waste to gallop into war. 仓促发动战争是极其愚蠢的行为，是一种可悲的浪费。
['gæl.əp] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  gallop through sth informal
■to perform, read or do something very quickly and without enough care 匆匆地做；草草地读；走马观花地看
• They often gallop through 10 news items in 20 minutes. 他们经常在20分钟内匆匆播完十条新闻。
['gæl.əp] noun only singular
RUN 跑
■the fast run or speed of a horse when it is galloping, or an act of galloping （马）奔驰
• At the sound of gunfire the horse suddenly broke into a gallop. 枪声一响，那匹马突然飞奔起来。
['gæl.əp] noun only singular
SPEED 速度
■a fast speed 高速度
• We had to complete the work at a gallop (= very quickly). 我们不得不快马加鞭将工作赶完。
n. 疾驰；飞奔
 - spin, dead run
vi. 飞驰；急速进行；急急忙忙地说
 - rocket, hell

Word: teasing
Front: teasing
['ti:zɪŋ] (16045/19078)
Back: adj. 戏弄的，逗趣的
v. 取笑，戏弄( tease的现在分词 ); 梳理（羊毛等）
分布：动词tease的现在分词.(34%)，揶揄的(33%)，戏弄的(33%)
ADJ-GRADED
(表情、神态)调侃的，戏谑的，开玩笑的
A teasing expression or manner shows that the person is not completely serious about what they are saying or doing.
例：'But we're having such fun, aren't we?' he protested with a teasing smile...“可是我们现在玩得很开心，不是吗？”他戏谑地笑着抗议道。
例：Smith was at his most teasing.史密斯完全是在开玩笑。
n. 戏弄
 - razz

Word: oratory
Front: oratory
[ˈɒrətri] (宝 18667/19174)
Vocabulary: oratory
(once / 952 pages)
n
An oratory is a long, formal speech. Often one that's a bit puffy and overblown, making you think the speaker really likes the sound of his own voice.
Oratory is from the Latin word oratorius for "speaking or pleading." In fact, oratories often leave audiences pleading for an end to the speech. They're the kind of thing evangelical preachers are good at. An oratory is also a little chapel, from the Latin oratorium for "a place of prayer," or a specific group of Roman Catholics, who name their oratories after where they're built, like the Brooklyn Oratory.
WORD FAMILY
oratory: oratorical, oratories+/ orate: orated, orates, orating, oration, orator, oratory / oration: orations/ orator: orators/oratorical: oratorically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Once, in high school, I entered an oratory contest.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Now that the world has lived through the brutal years that followed Churchill’s grimly prescient oratory, what can we do to prove him wrong?
The Guardian(Dec 01, 2016)
Although his soldiers and weapons vastly outnumbered Mr. Castro’s, Mr. Batista grew fearful of the young guerrilla’s mesmerizing oratory.
New York Times(Nov 26, 2016)
Back: n. 演讲术; （用长词或正式词语的）词藻华丽的言辞
分布：演说(49%)，小礼拜堂(26%)，祈祷室(15%)，讲演术(10%)
→来自orator,演说家。oratory 祈祷室
演讲术;小礼拜堂(orator演说家+y;小礼拜堂是演讲之地)[ora,orat=mouth,表示"嘴,说"]
雄辩术;祈祷室(orator演讲家)[-ory 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词,指场所等]
US ['ɔ:r.ə.tɔ:r-] formal
noun uncountable
■skilful and effective public speaking 演讲才能；雄辩
• The prime minister has a reputation for powerful oratory. 首相以雄辩有力的口才而闻名。
n. 雄辩；演讲术
 - declamation, eloquence

Word: cachet
Front: cachet
[ˈkæʃeɪ] (宝 18680/37065)
Vocabulary: cachet
(once / 9949 pages)
1n 2n
Certain high-end brands have a particular cachet, or respectability. People just know they are the finest of their kind.
The word cachet comes from the French cachet meaning "seal affixed to a letter or document," and if something has cachet, it's as if it has a seal of approval from society. If you start a design company selling cachets for people to seal their letters with fancy wax, try getting some celebrities to endorse it. Then your cachets will have cachet — and that's fancy.
WORD FAMILY
cachet: cachets
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is a dilemma most marketers would long for: a product with a built-in fan base and perhaps too much cultural cachet.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
This Adams Morgan property will open in early 2017 with built-in dining cachet.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Mr. Baghdadi’s warning suggested that he feared military defeat would drain the group’s global cachet, leaving Al Qaeda to inherit the jihadist mantle.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 特征; 威信; （显示优越的）标志; 扁囊药剂
分布：声望(63%)，威望(37%)
→来自拉丁词coactare, 压缩，堆放。co-, 强调，-act, 做，压紧。在法语里指公文印章，特指国王印章，因而有了威望之意。
US [-'-] formal
noun [S or U]
■a quality which marks someone or something as special and worth respect and admiration 声望，声誉；威信
• This type of jacket used to have a certain cachet. 这种夹克衫曾有一定的声誉。
n. （证明品质的）优良标志；公务印章；私人印戳；标记；威望；纪念邮戳
 - marks, prestige

Word: folic

Word: dimensional
Front: dimensional
[dɪ'menʃənəl] (托 18602/15066)
Back: adj. 尺寸的; <物>量纲的; <数>因次的; 维的
分布：空间的(48%)，尺寸的(35%)，维度的(10%)，次元的(7%)
adj. 空间的；尺寸的
 - spatial, spacial

Word: Colombian
Front: Colombian
[kə'lɒmbɪən] (10203/17207)
Back: n. 哥伦比亚人
adj. 哥伦比亚的
分布：哥伦比亚的(65%)，哥伦比亚人(26%)，哥伦比亚人的(9%)
noun countable adjective
■Colombian 哥伦比亚人／哥伦比亚的

Word: mailman
Front: mailman
[ˈmeɪlmæn] (18950/-)
Back: n. 邮递员; 绿衣使者
分布：邮递员(55%)，邮差(45%)
noun countable (also mail carrier) US for postman
n. 邮差，邮递员
 - postman, letter carrier

Word: so-and-so
Front: so-and-so
[ˈsəʊ ən səʊ] (-1)
Back: n. 某某人; 某某物
adv. 诸如此类地
分布：某某人(60%)，某某(40%)
US ['soʊ.ənd.soʊ] informal
noun
PERSON NOT NAMED 不知姓名的人
uncountable
■used instead of a particular name to refer to someone or something, especially when the real name is not important or you have forgotten it 某某人；某某东西
• She always keeps me up to date with the latest gossip - you know, so-and-so from down the road is having a baby and so-and-so's just bought a car. 她总会把最新的小道消息及时告诉我——你知道吗，马路那边的某某人怀了孕，某某人刚买了汽车。
UK ['səʊ.ənd.səʊ] US ['soʊ.ənd.soʊ] informal
noun
UNPLEASANT PERSON 令人不快的人
countable
■a polite way of referring to an unpleasant person 令人讨厌的人，令人不快的人
• Mr Baker was such a so-and-so - he didn't have a pleasant word to say about anyone! 贝克先生真是个讨厌的家伙——从他嘴里吐不出任何象牙来！
n. 某某人；某某物；讨厌鬼
 - Melvins
adj. 该死的
 - goddamn, damnable

Word: powdery
Front: powdery
[ˈpaʊdəri] (18688/22157)
Back: adj. 粉（状）的; 布满粉（或灰尘）的; 粉状
分布：粉的(35%)，粉状的(26%)，布满粉的(26%)，易粉碎的(13%)
ADJ-GRADED
粉的；粉状的
Something that is powdery looks or feels like powder.
例：A couple of inches of dry, powdery snow had fallen.下了数英寸厚的粉状干雪。
adj. 粉的；粉状的；布满粉状物的
 - mealy, floury

Word: fragmentary
Front: fragmentary
[ˈfrægməntri] (托 18658/15364)
Back: adj. 碎片的; 片断的; 不完整的; 支离破碎的
分布：碎片的(41%)，零碎的(30%)，不完全的(15%)，碎块的(7%)，碎屑状的(7%)
US ['fræg.mən.ter-] adjective formal
■existing only in small parts and not complete 片断的；零星的；不完整的
• Reports are still fragmentary but it is already clear that the explosion has left many dead and injured. 虽然报道仍然是只言片语，但已经很清楚爆炸造成了大量伤亡。
adj. 碎片的；不完全的；断断续续的
 - incomplete, half

Word: pensive
Front: pensive
[ˈpensɪv] (托宝 18665/22406)
Vocabulary: pensive
(once / 1109 pages)
adj
See that person staring out the window who looks so sad and lost in thought? He is pensive, the opposite of cheery and carefree.
If you've studied Spanish, you know that the verb pensar means "to think." If you're pensive, you might simply be thinking hard about something. Having no expression or maybe even frowning can be a result of being so engrossed in your thoughts — it might not reflect a melancholy attitude. Remember this the next time you're about to ask a pensive person, "What's wrong?" It could very well be nothing.
WORD FAMILY
pensive: pensively, pensiveness
USAGE EXAMPLES
He ran through and past multiple defenders, finally waking the pensive crowd.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
And it was easy to identify the pensive English rock band.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Chart-dominating women and guitar-assisted men in pensive mode are all over the song of the year and record of the year nominations.
The Guardian(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: adj. 沉思的，深思的
分布：沉思的(77%)，愁眉苦脸的(23%)
→来自拉丁语pendere,悬挂，称量，词源同pendulum,dependent,pound.-s,表反复。即反复称量的，反复衡量的，引申词义哀伤的，忧戚的。词义演变比较deliberate.
思考的(pens+ive→称重量→衡量→思考)[pend,pens,pond=weight,expend,表示"称重量,称银子",引申为"花费"]
沉思的;愁苦的(pens悬挂...挂着一颗心)[-ive 1.表形容词2.表名词后缀,"人或物"]
【记】pen笔，sive过分：用笔过分扎自己－忧心忡忡的pen＝pend挂，sive过分：什么事都挂在心上－沉思的
adjective
■thinking in a quiet way, often with a serious expression on your face 沉思的；忧戚的
• She became withdrawn and pensive, hardly speaking to anyone. 她变得孤僻忧郁，几乎不和任何人说话。
adj. 沉思的，忧郁的；悲伤的，哀愁的
 - dark, blue, reflecting

Word: frock
Front: frock
[frɒk] (六 18634/12569)
Vocabulary: frock
(once / 693 pages)
nv
Use the noun frock as an old-fashioned way to say "dress." You might wear a new pink frock to your best friend's birthday party.
Typically, girls and women wear frocks, especially to formal events like weddings and fancy parties. The word frock isn't as common today as it was in the past, though it's a great way to refer to a dress. You can also call a monk's loose, long-sleeved garment a frock. The word's origin is Germanic, and it comes directly from the French word froc, "a monk's habit."
WORD FAMILY
frock: defrock, frocked, frocks, unfrock+/ defrock: defrocked, defrocking/unfrock: unfrocked, unfrocking, unfrocks
USAGE EXAMPLES
They are getting new suits, too: black jackets inspired by 18th-century frock coats with the collars removed, and black trousers.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
No artificial or frocked trees will be accepted.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
For the shrinking ranks of independent clothing retailers, selling a single frock remains a time-consuming but rewarding endeavor.
Washington Post(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 女装，连衣裙; 僧袍，教士服，长工作服
vt. 使穿长工作服(礼服，长衣服〕; 授与…圣职
时态：frocked, frocking, frocks
分布：罩袍(44%)，僧衣(23%)，穿罩衫(11%)，女上装(11%)，授以神职(11%)
→来自古法语froc, 僧侣的道袍，衣服，裙摆，来自krek, 编织，词源同reel. 进一步来自sker, 弯，转，编织，词源同cradle, crown. 现主要用于指女装，连衣裙等。
US [frɑ:k] noun countable old-fashioned
■a dress 连衣裙
• a little girl in a pretty frock 穿着漂亮连衣裙的小女孩
n. 女装；连衣裙；僧袍；罩袍
 - suit-dress, one-piece dress

Word: languid
Front: languid
[ˈlæŋgwɪd] (托雅宝 18678/16391 -1)
Vocabulary: languid
(once / 767 pages)
adj
Describe a slow-moving river or a weak breeze or a listless manner with the slightly poetic adjective, languid.
Languid comes from the Latin verb, languere "to be weak or faint" and is a somewhat literary word for something that doesn't use much energy. If someone says goodbye to you with a languid wave of the hand, there's not too much movement involved. You can describe yourself as languid when you have that feeling of not being entirely awake — kind of lazy in the mind.
WORD FAMILY
languid: languidest, languidly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Following a languid opening with picturesque underwater cinematography of sun-dappled reefs, a lad appears on the surface, shot from below.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 24, 2016)
Yet contrary to the languid scene, local people have never been more convinced that the controversial mega-project is finally about to begin.
The Guardian(Nov 24, 2016)
He carefully renders dense foliage, crimson skies and complex reflections in languid rivers.
Washington Post(Nov 18, 2016)
Back: adj. 疲倦的; 没精打采的，呆滞的; 萧条的; 慢吞吞
分布：迟缓的(40%)，不活泼的(40%)，无精打采的(20%)
→来自sleg,松的，松散的，词源同lax.引申词义懒洋洋的。
卷怠的(langu+id表形容词,如：morbid病态的)[langu=faint,表示"虚弱"]
【记】langui拼：懒鬼－没精打采的！
【参】languor（n 衰弱无力）；languorous（adj 怠惰的）
【反】energetic＝effervescent＝vivacious（adj 活泼的）；vehement（adj 激烈的）
['læŋ.gwɪd] literary
adjective
■moving or speaking slowly with little energy, often in an attractive way 慢悠悠的，悠闲自在的
• a languid manner/voice 徐缓从容的举止／声音
adj. 倦怠的；呆滞的；软弱无力的
 - listless, dull

Word: cutthroat
Front: cutthroat
['kʌt.θrəʊt] (18673/-)
Back: adj. 残酷的；杀人的；剧烈的
n. 谋杀者；凶手
分布：剧烈的(39%)，杀人的(25%)，杀手(12%)，拼命的(12%)，恶汉(12%)
ADJ-GRADED
竞争激烈的;残酷无情的
If you describe a situation as cut-throat, you mean that the people or companies involved all want success and do not care if they harm each other in getting it.
例：...the cut-throat competition in personal computers.个人电脑市场上残酷无情的竞争
例：...the cut-throat world of international finance.竞争激烈的国际金融界
adj. 残酷的；杀人的；剧烈的
 - severe, cruel, iron, smart, exquisite
n. 谋杀者；凶手
 - murderer, Cain

Word: unkempt
Front: unkempt
[ˌʌnˈkempt] (宝 18675/19538)
Vocabulary: unkempt
(once / 3663 pages)
adj
Unkempt literally means “not combed,” but use it to describe anything with a sloppy appearance. Your hair probably looks unkempt when you roll out of bed in the morning. Keep it that way if you're going for the rock star look.
From the fusing of un- “not” with kempt “neat” comes the adjective unkempt. Kempt has fallen out of use, but unkempt persists as a popular word to describe anything unpolished, rough, or disorderly. Pig sties, the corrals where pigs live, are usually quite unkempt. That's why your mom keeps calling your messy, unkempt train wreck of a room a pig sty.
WORD FAMILY
unkempt: unkemptness+/ kempt: kempter, unkempt
USAGE EXAMPLES
There are tennis courts, a swimming pool and a garden, these days somewhat unkempt, sweeping down to a river.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Beyond those teeth, a wig of long, unkempt hair is another key component of the Toni persona.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Some residents expressed mixed feelings about giving up local control, pointing out that the village government had cracked down on unkempt properties.
New York Times(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: adj. （头发）蓬乱的，未加梳理的; （言语等）粗野的; 邋遢; 披头散发
分布：不整洁的(67%)，乱蓬蓬的(33%)
→un-, 不，非，kempt-, 梳理，词源同comb。即未梳理过的，不整洁的。
【记】un不，kempt（adj 整洁的）：不整洁的un不，kempt＝kept：不保持整洁的
【反】dapper（adj 整洁的；衣冠楚楚的）
[ʌn'kempt] disapproving
adjective
■untidy; not cared for 不整洁的；凌乱的；没有打理的
• an unkempt lawn 一片无人打理的草坪
adj. 蓬乱的，不整洁的；（言语等）粗野的
 - robust, gross, rough, country, shock

Word: rinse
Front: rinse
[rɪns] (六托宝 7024/10413 -1)
Vocabulary: rinse
(once / 3273 pages)
1vn 2n
When you rinse something, you run water over it. You probably at least rinse your hands before sitting down to eat, and rinse your dishes afterward.
After shampooing your hair in the shower you need to rinse it, and many recipes call for you to rinse rice before cooking it. You can also rinse your mouth out, either with water or mouthwash. When it's a noun, rinse means the act of rinsing, or a hair treatment: "After the red rinse, you'll barely recognize yourself." Rinse shares the Latin root recens, "fresh or new," with recent.
WORD FAMILY
rinse: rinsed, rinses, rinsing+/rinsing: rinsings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Instead, the scopes are brushed, washed with disinfectants, rinsed and dried in preparation for the next patient.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
As to the a la carte sides, the collards, waffling between sweet and bitter, were gritty — more thorough rinsing, please!
Washington Post(Dec 10, 2016)
Set the peppers aside for about 10 minutes to cool, then remove and peel the skin — do not rinse.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: vt. 漂洗; 冲洗; 漂净; 冲掉
n. 冲洗; 染发剂; 漂洗
时态：rinsed, rinsing, rinses
分布：冲洗(67%)，清洗(27%)，染发(4%)，柔顺剂(2%)
→来自中古英语 rinsen,冲洗，来自古法语 rinser,冲洗，来自 Proto-Germanic*hrainisona,清洁， 净化，来自 krei,ker,分开，筛选，词源同 riddle,crisis.
【记】吃西瓜之前要rinse rind
verb intransitive or transitive
CLEAN 冲洗
■to use water to clean the soap or dirt from something （用清水）冲洗，涮洗，漂洗
• First apply shampoo to hair and then rinse thoroughly. 先把洗发剂涂抹在头发上，然后冲洗干净。
• There was no soap, so I just rinsed my hands with water/ UK alsounder the tap. 没有肥皂了，所以我只是用自来水冲了冲手。
[rɪnts] verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] rinse sth out
■to quickly wash the inside of something with clean water 冲洗，涮洗（…的内部）
• I'll just rinse these glasses out and leave them to dry. 我就把这些杯子冲一下，然后晾干。
• She rinses out her mouth every morning to prevent bad breath. 她为除口臭每天早上都漱口。
[rɪnts] noun
countable
■when you use water to get rid of soap or dirt 冲洗；涮洗；漂洗
• He gave the soapy dishes a rinse. 他把满是肥皂沫的盘子冲洗了一下。
• She gave the dirty towel a quick rinse. 她匆匆用水冲了一下脏毛巾。
countable or uncountable
■a substance that gives a temporary colour to the hair 染发剂（使头发暂时呈现某种颜色的一种物质）
• My grandmother had a blue rinse every month. 以前，我的祖母每个月都染一次蓝发。
vt. 漱；冲洗掉；漂净
 - gargle
n. 冲洗；漂洗； [轻] 染发剂；染发
 - irrigation, hair dye

Word: nationalize
Front: nationalize
[ˈnæʃnəlaɪz] (18687/27251 -1)
Back: vt. 收归国有，国有化; 导致与众不同的国家化的
时态：nationalized, nationalizing, nationalizes
分布：使国有化(100%)
→来自national,国家的，-ize, 使。
(UK usually nationalise) ['næʃ.ən.əl.aɪz] ['næʃ.nə.laɪz] verb transitive
■(of a government) to take control of a business or industry （政府）使国有化，把…收归国有
• The government recently nationalized the railways. 政府最近把铁路收归国有。
Opposite privatize or denationalize
vt. 使国有化；使民族化；使归化；使成国家
 - naturalise

Word: powerlessness
Front: powerlessness
['paʊələsnəs] (18652/19896)
Back: n. 无力，无能为力
分布：无力(100%)
ADJ-GRADED
无权力的；无影响力的
Someone who is powerless is unable to control or influence events.
例：If you don't have money, you're powerless.如果你没有钱，就寸步难行。
例：...political and economic systems that keep women poor and powerless.致使女性一直贫穷且没有权力的政治经济体系
ADJ-GRADED
无能为力的；做不到的
If you are powerless to do something, you are completely unable to do it.
例：People are being murdered every day and I am powerless to stop it...每天都有人被杀，而我却无力阻止。
例：He was sympathetic, but powerless to help.他表示同情，但爱莫能助。
n. 无力；无能为力；无力量
 - asthenia, paralyzation

Word: knoll
Front: knoll
[nəʊl] (宝 18672/33458)
Vocabulary: knoll
(once / 1712 pages)
n
A knoll is a small hill or mound of earth, which makes a shady knoll a perfect spot for a summer picnic.
The word knoll is associated with the tragic assassination of President John F. Kennedy, who was shot in Dallas just as his motorcade passed a grassy knoll. At first people thought that was where the shots had come from, but it was later determined that the assassin had fired from a nearby building instead. The "grassy knoll” became symbolic of a theory that others had participated in the assassination, and the term has become shorthand for any conspiracy theory.
WORD FAMILY
knoll: knolls
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sunday at the home on Blossom Knoll Avenue.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“They don’t call us Treasure Island for nothing,” Knoll said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Mr. Knoll described the process as “a super high-tech and labor-intensive version of doing makeup.”
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 小圆丘，小土墩
分布：小山(53%)，圆丘(38%)，敲钟(9%)
→来自古英语cnoll,山丘，土丘，词源可能同knob.
US [noʊl] noun countable
■a small low hill with a rounded top 圆丘；土墩
• a grassy knoll 绿草如茵的土墩
n. 小山
 - hill, rises

Word: benevolence
Front: benevolence
[bə'nevələns] (18646/19593)
Vocabulary: benevolence
(once / 869 pages)
n
Benevolence is an act of kindness or an inclination to be kind. It's the quality of someone who volunteers in a soup kitchen, tutors children for free, and helps old ladies cross the street.
Helping your grandmother with her groceries is an act of benevolence — as long as she doesn’t pay you a dollar per bag. Letting your little sister have the last helping of ice cream shows benevolence. Benevolence is any kind act, but it can also describe the desire to do nice things. When you’re feeling selfish, you probably won’t show benevolence, but if benevolence comes through in spite of your crankiness, then you know you’re really a good person.
WORD FAMILY
benevolence: benevolences+/ benevolent: benevolence, benevolently
USAGE EXAMPLES
This new one will emerge fully formed and perfect and full of benevolence for all.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
With that, the ideals of presidential “dignity,” “humility,” “decorum,” “benevolence,” “knowledge” and “expertise” also died untimely deaths.
Salon(Dec 05, 2016)
The cozy benevolence of Sarah McLachlan’s voice is the constant on an album that puts considerable thought into customizing familiar songs.
New York Times(Nov 24, 2016)
Back: n. 仁慈; 善举; 捐赠; <史>恩税（旧时英王向民间征收的一种税金）
分布：善行(64%)，善意(20%)，慈悲(16%)
善心,仁慈[vod,otunt=wish,will,表示"意志,意愿"]
【反】antipathy（n 厌恶）；truculence（n 凶残）
ADJ-GRADED
（当权者）仁慈的，慈爱的，乐善好施的
If you describe a person in authority as benevolent, you mean that they are kind and fair.
例：The company has proved to be a most benevolent employer...事实证明，这家公司是非常好的雇主。
例：They believe that the country needs a benevolent dictator.他们认为国家需要一位仁爱的独裁者。
ADJ
（用于慈善机构名称）慈善的，救济的
Benevolent is used in the names of some organizations that give money and help to people who need it.
例：...the Army Benevolent Fund.陆军慈善基金
n. 仁慈；善行
 - humanity, mercy, kindness, good

Word: mete
Front: mete
[mi:t] (托宝 18736/18915 -1)
Vocabulary: mete
(once / 6382 pages)
n
If you "mete out" something (the word is usually followed by "out"), it means you dish it out in very careful measured amounts. Anyone who metes out their love probably isn't someone you want to have a relationship with.
Another word often used interchangeably with mete is dole, though there are slight differences in meaning: dole suggests a more lavish, unthinking form of activity than the more stingy and controlled mete, and while some nice things (like compassion or love) can be "doled out," it's very rare that anything pleasant or happy is "meted out."
WORD FAMILY
mete: metes
USAGE EXAMPLES
Her job is to deliver pep talks and mete out discipline, but Krystal is not really the boss.
New York Times(Sep 29, 2016)
“That judge’s decision could be completely ignored by a state bureaucrat and they could mete out any sentence they want to,” Totten said.
Washington Times(Oct 08, 2016)
In fact, whistleblowing is extraordinarily rare, in part because of the draconian penalties the government metes out to punish it.
Time(Sep 15, 2016)
Back: vt. 分配; 给予（处罚等）; 测量; <正，文>（对某人）施以
n. 边界; 测量
时态：meted, meting, metes
分布：分配(27%)，量(22%)，测量(22%)，边界(22%)，界石(7%)
→来自古英语metan,测量，分配，估计，来自med,测量，词源同measure,medical.引申词义合理的惩罚，给予惩罚。
[mi:t] (meting, meted, meted)
verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M often passive] mete sth out formal
■to give or order a punishment or make someone receive cruel or unfair treatment 施加（惩罚）；使受苦；使受到不公平对待
• Victorian schoolteachers regularly meted out physical punishment to their pupils. 维多利亚时代的教师常常体罚学生。
vt. 给予；分配；测量
 - afford, allow, extend, deliver, sound
n. 边界；测量
 - boundary, measurement, border, survey

Word: blue-chip
Front: blue-chip
[blu: tʃɪp] None
Back: adj. 独特的，值钱的
分布：独特的(32%)，绩优股(23%)，蓝色筹码(15%)，=bluechipper.(15%)，贵重物品(15%)
adjective [before noun]
■A blue-chip company or investment is one that can be trusted and is not likely to fail. （公司或投资）蓝筹的，可靠的 ，绩优股的
adj. 第一流的；靠得住的；独特的；蓝色筹码的
 - distinct, unique, classical, individual, royal

Word: subsidiary
Front: subsidiary
[səbˈsɪdiəri] (研六托雅宝 7513/3904 -2)
Vocabulary: subsidiary
(once / 1220 pages)
adjn
If a company belongs to another company, then the owned company is a subsidiary. When a large company bought your small business, you became a subsidiary. It still hurts to call them the parent company, since you publish novels and they make toilet paper.
The adjective form of subsidiary describes something that is of secondary importance or that functions in a supporting capacity. In addition to running the band program, you're a member of several subsidiary committees like the fund raising committee and the hospitality committee. Traffic on the road was light when you drove outside the city, but as more subsidiary roads joined with the main one, traffic quickly became congested.
WORD FAMILY
subsidiary: subsidiaries, subsidiarily, subsidiarity
USAGE EXAMPLES
Hundreds of the multinational corporations rushed to channel international profits through subsidiaries in the country, among them McDonald’s, Fiat, Amazon, Shire Pharmaceuticals and Skype.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
The agreement announced Thursday settles a lawsuit brought by Tennessee Gas Pipeline Co., a subsidiary of Kinder Morgan.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Citilink is a subsidiary of national flag carrier Garuda Indonesia.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 附带的，附属的，次要的; 助的，帮助的; 补足的
n. 附属事物，附属机构，子公司; 附属者，附属品
分布：子公司(88%)，附属机构(4%)，辅助的(4%)，附属的(3%)，补贴的(1%)
→subsidy,帮助，辅助，-ary,名词后缀。
补助的(sub下+sid+iary→坐在下面[帮助别人]→补助的)[Sid=sit,表示"坐"]
【记】sub下面，sid坐，iary－坐在下面的－辅助的
【反】preponderant（adj 占有优势的）
US [-er-] adjective
■describes something less important than something else with which it is connected 辅助的；次要的
• a subsidiary role/factor 辅助角色／次要因素
UK [səb'sɪd.i.ər.i] US [-er-] noun countable
■a company which is owned by a larger company 子公司；附属公司
adj. 附属的；辅助的
 - assistant, helping, affiliated, auxiliary
n. 子公司；辅助者
 - auxiliary, subcompany

Word: gory
Front: gory
[ˈgɔ:ri] (18710/20107)
Vocabulary: gory
(once / 5015 pages)
adj
Use the word gory to describe something that features a lot of bloodshed and violence, like a horror movie in which victims are axed to death by a madman. Some people love gory movies like that, and others refuse to watch them.
Something that is gory often involves both violence and bloodshed, but it can also describe something that is merely blood, like the gory photographs depicting a root canal procedure in a dental assistant textbook. Gory can describe unpleasant, embarrassing things, like saying of your brother’s bad behavior over the holidays, “I’ll spare you the gory details about his meltdown at the family Christmas party.”
WORD FAMILY
gory: gorier, goriest, gorily
USAGE EXAMPLES
The feature-length videos in the show, including meditations on Patty Hearst, the Manson family and the Weather Underground, are variously gory, tedious, compelling and amateurish.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
As in the games, the main issue here is violence — although the movie is far less brutally gory than the games.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Gruesome without being gory, “The Autopsy of Jane Doe” achieves real scares with a minimum of special effects.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 沾满血污的，充满暴力和血腥的
级别：gorier, goriest
分布：血淋淋的(50%)，血腥的(50%)
→来自gore, 刺伤。
US ['gɔ:r.i] adjective
■involving violence and blood 血腥暴力的；残暴的；血淋淋的
• a very gory film 血腥暴力的电影
• the gory details of the operation 对军事行动的血腥描述
UK ['gɔ:.ri] US ['gɔ:r.i] adjective
the gory details
■the interesting and usually personal bits of information about a person or event （通常指有关个人或事件的）有趣的细节
• Come on, I want to know all the gory details about your date with Jon. 快，好好给我说你跟乔恩约会的事。
adj. 血淋淋的；残酷的
 - cruel, iron

Word: immunize
Front: immunize
[ˈɪmjunaɪz] (宝 18368/43776 -1)
Vocabulary: immunize
(once / 10965 pages)
1v 2v
To immunize someone is to give them a vaccine that protects them against disease. A child's pediatrician can immunize her against measles, polio, and mumps, among many other illnesses.
Vaccines work by arming your immune system against being infected — in other words, they produce immunity, or immunize you. In some cases, being exposed to a disease can also immunize you; if you've had chicken pox, you are most likely immune to it and won't get it again. There is also a legal meaning of immunize, "To make legally immune," or "to protect from being prosecuted in court." The Latin root, immunis, means "exempt" or "free."
WORD FAMILY
immunize: immunization, immunized, immunizes, immunizing+/ immune: immunes, immunise, immunity, immunize, nonimmune/immunise: immunisation, immunised/ immunity: immunities/immunization: immunizations
USAGE EXAMPLES
So the immediate contacts of a diagnosed case, and the contacts of those contacts, were either immunized immediately or after three weeks at random.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 26, 2016)
Young children who have not been fully immunized have the highest risk of contracting the disease.
Seattle Times(Nov 29, 2016)
It immunizes sites such as Yelp.com from being held accountable for scathing reviews left by customers or online news sites from vicious reader comments.
Seattle Times(Nov 16, 2016)
Back: vt. 使免疫; 使免除
时态：immunized, immunizing, immunizes
分布：使免疫(63%)，赋予免疫性(37%)
使免疫;免除(im+mun+ize)[muni,mun=public,表示"公共的"]
(UK usually immunise) ['ɪm.jʊ.naɪz] verb transitive
■to give a person or animal protection against a particular disease by introducing a special substance into their body, usually by injection （通常指透过注射）使免疫
• Children are routinely immunized against polio. 儿童例行接种小儿麻痹症疫苗。

Word: second-degree
Front: second-degree
[ˈsekənd diˈɡri:] None
Back: adj. 二等的，二级的，第二等的
分布：二等的(100%)
ADJ
(犯罪)二等的，情节较轻的
In the United States, second-degree is used to describe crimes that are considered to be less serious than first-degree crimes.
例：The judge reduced the charge to second-degree murder.法官把罪名降为二级谋杀罪。
ADJ
(烧伤)二度的，中度的
A second-degree burn is more severe than a first-degree burn but less severe than a third-degree burn.
例：James Bell suffered second-degree burns in an explosion.詹姆斯·贝尔在一次爆炸中被二度烧伤。

Word: isolationist
Front: isolationist
[ˌaɪsə'leɪʃənɪst] (18704/24917)
Back: n. 孤立主义者
分布：孤立主义者(100%)
N-UNCOUNT
孤立主义(指避免与别国关系过密或在别国之间的冲突中持中立态度)
If you refer to isolationism, you are referring to a country's policy of avoiding close relationships with other countries and of not taking sides in disputes between other countries.
例：...the perils of isolationism.孤立主义的危险

Word: clam
Front: clam
[klæm] (托宝 10109/22938 -1)
Vocabulary: clam
(once / 2172 pages)
1nv 2n
A clam is a marine animal with two shells that eats by straining food from water, sand, or mud. You can sometimes find clams by digging in the sand close to the seashore.
The largest clams are used for food by humans, including the scallop, a particularly big form of clam. When you order soup in New England, it's not unlikely that it will be clam chowder, a creamy, thick stew with potatoes and pieces of clam. When clam is a verb, it means "to dig clams on the beach," and if your friend offers to pay you 1000 clams for your old car, she means "dollars."
WORD FAMILY
clam: clammed, clamming, clams
USAGE EXAMPLES
Pasquale Jones is also home to one of the best clam pies in town.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
State Fish and Wildlife say clam populations at four beaches in Jefferson, Clallam and Island counties will allow an extended opportunity.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
The coastal razor clam seasons mantra remains a good and bad news situation.
Seattle Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 蚌，蛤; 〈美口〉沉默寡言的人; 钳子; 〈美俚〉银币
v. （在沙滩上）挖蛤; 〈美俚〉嘴紧; 奏出（唱出）错音
时态：clammed, clamming, clams
分布：蛤(82%)，沉默寡言的人(10%)，保持沉默(5%)，挖蚌(3%)
→词源同clamp,夹子，夹具。后用以指蛤蜊之类的双壳软体动物。
【记】读：可怜嘛。蛤蜊是种美食，很可怜，命中注定要被吃掉。Clam作为词根是：夹紧的意思－蛤蜊大海calm了，就可以采集clam
noun countable
■a type of sea creature with a shell in two parts that can close together tightly, and a soft body which can be eaten 蛤，蛤蜊，蚌
[klæm] verb (-mm-)
[klæm] verb (-mm-)
  Phrasal Verbs  clam up (also shut up like a clam) informal
■to become silent suddenly, usually because you are embarrassed or nervous, or do not want to talk about a particular subject （通常指因为尴尬、紧张或不愿谈论某一话题而突然）沉默不语，闭口不言，拒不开口
• He just clams up if you ask him about his childhood. 要是你问起他的童年，他就干脆不说话了。
n. [无脊椎] 蛤；沉默寡言的人；钳子
 - tong, few words

Word: cue
Front: cue
[kju:] (研四六托雅宝 4874/6463 -3)
Vocabulary: cue
(once / 1324 pages)
1nv 2n 3n
A cue is the long stick used for playing pool. A cue is also a reminder or stimulus to do something.
In pool, you use the cue to hit the white ball into the red ball, aiming for a pocket. Other cues make things happen too. In acting, a lighting change or another actor's line could be a cue for you to enter the stage. During rehearsal, the actors need to learn their cues to make sure their timing is right. A cue can also be a clue or reminder of something. Anytime someone has good timing, they're on cue.
WORD FAMILY
cue: cued, cues, cuing, miscue+/miscue: miscues
USAGE EXAMPLES
Cue tingles down spines, lumps in throats and tears in eyes all round.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
At the core of every habit is a neurological loop with three parts: A cue, a routine and a reward.
New York Times(Oct 18, 2016)
“Let the audience sing,” she urged, and she cued one of her dancers to grab her in a lift.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 暗示，提示; 线索; [台]球杆; 情绪，心情
vt. 把…插入演出; 给…暗示
时态：cued, cueing, cues
分布：提示(49%)，暗示(33%)，信号(16%)，给 ... 提示(1%)，把 ... 插入演出(1%)
→1.暗示，来自拉丁语quando,何时，来自kwa,疑问指示词干，词源同when,how,what. 2.台球杆，来自queue,尾巴。
暗示,提示,球杆Follow my cue.照我的样子.
noun countable
SIGNAL 信号
■a word or action in a play or film, which is used as a signal by a performer to begin saying or doing something （戏剧或电影中用来暗示演员开始说或做某事的）尾白，提示
■a signal for someone to do something 暗示；信号
• [+ to infinitive] They started washing up, so that was our cue to leave the party. 他们开始洗刷碗碟了，这就是暗示我们该离开派对了。
on cue
■If something happens on cue, it happens just after someone has said or thought it would happen 恰恰在这时，正好在此时
• I was just wondering where Sarah was, when, right on cue, she came in. 我正奇怪萨拉去哪了，恰在这时，她就进来了。
take your cue from sb
■to take notice of someone's words or behaviour so that you know what you should do 照（某人）的样子做；模仿（某人）；仿效（某人）
• She watched his lips carefully and took her cue from him. 她紧盯着他的嘴唇，照他的吩咐行事。
[kju:] noun countable
STICK 棍子
■a long thin wooden pole with a small piece of leather at one end, which is used for hitting the ball in games such as billiards or snooker （桌球等撞球游戏的）球杆
[kju:] noun countable
take your cue from sth/sb
■to be strongly influenced by something or someone 深受…的影响
• The architects took their cue for the design of the new pub from the nearby Jacobean house, Aston Hall. 建筑师们对新酒吧的设计深受附近詹姆斯一世时期的建筑——阿斯顿大厅的影响。
[kju:] verb transitive (cueing, cued, cued) (also cue in)
■to give someone a signal to do something 提示；暗示
• With a nod of his head, the drummer cued the lead singer in. 鼓手点了一下头，给领唱作了个暗示。
n. 提示，暗示；线索
 - connotation, implication, reminder

Word: centrifugal
Front: centrifugal
[ˌsentrɪˈfju:gl] (宝 18605/25338)
Vocabulary: centrifugal
(once / 5390 pages)
adj
The physics principle whereby objects are forced to move out from the center is called centrifugal force. This apparent force is activated by something moving in a curved direction; the heavier the object the stronger the force.
The word centrifugal is from the Latin centrum, "center," and fugere, "to flee," so the word means "center-fleeing." Centrifugal force was studied by physicists as far back as 1629, and the term itself was used by Sir Isaac Newton, in its Latin guise vis centrifuga, in 1687.
WORD FAMILY
centrifugal: centrifugally
USAGE EXAMPLES
The centrifugal force is proportional to the radius of your circular path.
Salon(Dec 18, 2016)
Today, however, Congress is centrifugal rather than centripetal, expelling rather than concentrating power.
Washington Post(Oct 14, 2016)
These came across as tedious sonic streams of consciousness, in which the language of experimental jazz was subjected to the centrifugal forces of extended technique.
New York Times(Aug 24, 2016)
Back: adj. 离心的
分布：离心的(100%)
离心的(centri中心+fug+al→逃离中心的)[fug=flee,表示"逃,离开"]
adjective
■(of a turning object) moving away from the point around which it is turning （旋转的物体）离心的
• centrifugal force 离心力
adj. [机] [力] 离心的；远中的
 - acentric, exodic
n. [机] [力] 离心机；转筒
 - revolving drum, rotating drum

Word: stoplight
Front: stoplight
['stɒpˌlɑɪt] (18719/-)
Back: n. 交通信号灯; （车辆的）后灯，尾灯; 红绿灯
分布：红色尾灯(78%)，停止行进标志(22%)
US ['stɑ:p-] noun countable US for traffic light

Word: bot
Front: bot
[bɒt] (18864/42926)
Back: n. 肤蝇的幼虫，马胃蝇蛆
分布：马胃蝇蛆(50%)，=bott.(50%)
→截取自robot，机器人。
N-COUNT
（尤指因特网上的）自动程序，机器人程序
A bot is a computer program that carries out tasks for other programs or users, especially on the Internet.
n. 马蝇幼虫，马蝇
 - horsefly, cleg

Word: adjuster
Front: adjuster
[ə'dʒʌstə] (18596/26176)
Back: n. 调停者，调节器
分布：调节器(72%)，调停者(11%)，调整者(8%)，理赔人(6%)，=adjustor.(3%)
N-COUNT
调节器
An adjuster is a device which allows you to alter a piece of equipment's position or setting.
例：...a seat belt adjuster.安全带调节器
n. [电] [自] 调节器；调停者；（保险等）理算员
 - conditioner, setter

Word: stub
Front: stub
[stʌb] (托 15097/16013 -1)
Back: n. 树桩; 铅笔头，烟蒂; 票根，存根
vt. 使（脚趾）碰到某物; 捻灭（香烟，雪茄等）; 连根拔出
时态：stubbed, stubbing, stubs
分布：票根(48%)，烟蒂(36%)，残段(8%)，碰到某物(8%)
→来自古英语 stybb,树桩，树墩，来自 Proto-Germanic*stubjaz,树桩，树墩，来自 steu,推， 击，打，词源同 study,stupid,type.引申词义烟蒂，存根，票根等。
noun countable
■the short part of something which is left after the main part has been used, especially a cigarette after it has been smoked or one of the small pieces of paper left in a book from which cheques or tickets have been torn 残余部分，残端；（尤指）烟蒂，存根，票根
[stʌb] verb
stub your toe
■to hurt your toe by hitting it against a hard object by accident 不小心把脚趾碰伤
[stʌb] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] stub sth out
■to stop a cigarette from burning by pressing the burning end against a hard surface 掐灭（香烟）
n. [会计] 存根；烟蒂； [林] 树桩；断株
 - cigarette butt
vt. 踩熄；连根拔除
 - disroot

Word: contagion
Front: contagion
[kənˈteɪdʒən] (18627/34054)
Vocabulary: contagion
(once / 929 pages)
n
Have you ever noticed how when one person yawns, the people around him tend to do so as well? This phenomenon can be described as a contagion, the spreading of an emotional or mental state (in this case, fatigue).
Contagion can apply not only to the spread of emotions but also to the spread of disease. If you’re feeling sick, you should stay home to reduce the risk of contagion. (Be sure to use the word contagion when you call in sick; it’s a great opportunity to impress people with your vocabulary.) Contagion is akin to the word contagious, an adjective describing things that spread from person to person, like certain diseases... and yawning.
WORD FAMILY
contagion: contagions, contagious +/ contagious: contagiously, noncontagious
USAGE EXAMPLES
Not long ago the risk of "contagion" from Greece appeared to be the mother of all worries for the EU.
BBC(Dec 16, 2016)
Investors will be watching developments in Italy closely as they assess the risks of an anti-euro shift and weigh the chances of contagion.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 04, 2016)
This is a world in which the contagion of fact-free words is spreading rapidly.
The Guardian(Dec 03, 2016)
Back: n. 传染; 接触传染; 道德败坏; 歪风
分布：蔓延(82%)，传染病(15%)，接触传染(3%)
传染,感染(con共同+tag+ion→共同接触到→传染)[tact,tag,tig,ting=touch表示"接触"]
【记】con共同，tag接触－ion－接触容易导致传染
[kən'teɪ.dʒən] formal
noun uncountable
■when a disease is spread by touching someone or something 接触传染
• The doctor says there's no chance/danger of contagion. 医生说不存在传染的可能／危险。
n. 传染病；蔓延；触染
 - infection, epidemic

Word: U-turn
Front: U-turn
['ju:'tə:n] (-1)
Back: n. U形转弯；掉头；大转变
vi. 作U形转弯
分布：U形转弯(60%)，调头(40%)
US [-tɝ:n/ (US informal U-ie)
noun countable
■a turn made by a car in order to go back in the direction from which it has come U 型转弯，180度转弯
• It is illegal to do/make a U-turn on a motorway. 在高速路上掉头是违规的。
■mainly disapproving
■a complete change from one opinion or plan of action to an opposite one （观念或行为上的）彻底转变
• The Prime Minister did/made a quick U-turn in response to all the adverse publicity. 面对所有不利宣传，首相的态度来了个180度的大转弯。
n. 掉头；U形转弯；大转变
 - makeover

Word: sheathe
Front: sheathe
[ʃi:ð] (托宝 18691/24327)
Vocabulary: sheathe
(once / 2140 pages)
1v 2v
The verb sheathe means to place in a sheath. What's a sheath? Well, that's any kind of protective covering.
With that extra "e" on the end sheathe gives off a very old English vibe. Perhaps that's because all those knights were often sheathing their swords so as not to scare the fair ladies. Those knights were also sheathed in armor when going into battle or setting off to joust. These days, with medieval armaments in low demand, not much gets sheathed — except maybe the kitchen knives in the knife block or your cat's claws when they retract.
WORD FAMILY
sheathe: sheathed, sheathes, sheathing, unsheathe+/sheathing: sheathings/unsheathe: unsheathed, unsheathes, unsheathing
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is sheathed in stainless steel, and dry air is circulated around structural supports to prevent them from rusting.
New York Times(Nov 29, 2016)
A: Wrapping electrical tape around the wound is a common way to mend a cable whose sheathing is intact but compromised.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 23, 2016)
Exterior work will include replacing rotten wood and repairing the plaster sheathing on brick walls.
Washington Times(Nov 13, 2016)
Back: vt. 将（刀、剑等）插入鞘; 包，覆盖
时态：sheathed, sheathing, sheathes
分布：包(40%)，插入鞘(33%)，覆(16%)，=sheath.(11%)
→来自 sheath 的动词形式，比较 bath,bathe.
【记】源于：sheath（n 鞘），shea＝shear，th死：从sheath中拿出shear把人剪死。
verb transitive
■to put a knife back inside its sheath 把（刀剑）插入鞘中
■literary
■to cover something in a thick or protective layer of a substance （厚厚地或保护性地）包，覆盖
• The landscape was sheathed in ice. 大地为冰雪所覆盖。
vt. 覆盖；插入鞘；包装
 - invest, house, sheet, roof, cap

Word: unprofitable
Front: unprofitable
[ʌnˈprɒfɪtəbl] (18718/14884 -1)
Back: adj. 无利益的; 没有用的; 无益
分布：无益的(63%)，没有利润的(37%)
US [-'prɑ:.fɪ.ə-] adjective
■not making a profit 不盈利的，亏本的
• Rural railway lines risk being axed because they are unprofitable. 乡村铁路线有被取消的风险，因为无法盈利。
adj. 无益的，没有用的；没有利润的
 - profitless, unhelpful

Word: itchy
Front: itchy
[ˈɪtʃi] (18715/21021)
Vocabulary: itchy
(once / 24220 pages)
adj
If you're itchy, you've got a rash or a spot on your skin that you really want to scratch. Mosquito bites are notoriously itchy, and the least fun thing about summer time.
Poison ivy, hives, bug bites, sunburn, lice — all of these things make you itchy, and it might even make you feel itchy just to think about them. A figurative way to be itchy is to be antsy or restless, and if someone has "itchy feet," it means they like to roam or travel, staying on the move. If, on the other hand, they have "itchy palms," they can't be trusted not to steal things.
WORD FAMILY
itchy: itchily, itchiness+/ itch: itched, itches, itching, itchy /itching: itchings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Dry, itchy skin is a common companion when the humidity drops, especially as we get older.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
The itchy biters, nightmarishly difficult to eradicate, almost drove her back to Silver Spring right then and there.
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
According to the internet, in Estonian her name means “itchy”.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: adj. （使）发痒的; 渴望旅行（或搬家、换工作等）
级别：itchier, itchiest
分布：痒的(100%)
adjective
■having or causing an itch
• The sweater was itchy (= made me itch). 这件羊毛衫使人发痒。
• The dust made me feel itchy all over. 尘土使我浑身发痒。
['ɪtʃ.i] adjective
get itchy feet UK informal
■to start to want to travel or do something different 开始渴望旅行（或做别的事情）
• After three years in the job she began to get itchy feet. 这份工作做了三年后，她开始想换工作。
adj. 发痒的；渴望的
 - eager, hungry, desired, anxious, sick

Word: pate
Front: pate
[peɪt] (18699/21507 -1)
Vocabulary: pate
(once / 3949 pages)
1n 2n
Your pate is the top of your head, but say it with a French accent et viola! Now it’s a savory spread made of ground meat and spices. Pate (the food!) is sometimes served with bread or crackers.
Although it’s like paste, some pates are considered a delicacy, like pâté de foie gras, the rich French dish made from goose liver, while other pates are made of different types of meat or even vegetarian ingredients. The pate you eat is usually spelled with its French accents — pâté — so you know to pronounce it with the emphasis on the final syllable, tay. A plain old pate is a jokey word for the top of the head that rhymes with fate.
WORD FAMILY
pate: pates
USAGE EXAMPLES
Pate was charged with promoting prison contraband in the third degree.
Washington Times(Nov 25, 2016)
Deonte Pate pleaded guilty Thursday to conspiring to falsify a record and making false statements before U.S.
Washington Times(Nov 17, 2016)
Give him spaghetti and meatballs over pate any day, his sister says.
Seattle Times(Nov 08, 2016)
Back: n. 秃顶，光顶; 鱼酱，肉酱
分布：脑袋(100%)
→词源不详，可能缩写自古法语patene,来自拉丁语patina,盘子，词源同pan,patella.pate 肉酱
[peɪt] old-fashioned or humorous
noun countable
■the top of a person's head 头顶
n. 头；脑袋
 - brain, bonce

Word: hitchhike
Front: hitchhike
[ˈhɪtʃhaɪk] (雅 18714/36998)
Vocabulary: hitchhike
(once / 19504 pages)
v
To hitchhike to to get a free ride from a passing car. If you see someone standing alongside the highway raising a thumb, chances are that person is hitchhiking, not just expressing approval of your driving style.
In the past, it wasn't unheard of for people to hitchhike across the country, but it's much less common today. If you hitchhike, you typically stand beside a road or highway with one thumb pointed up. The hope for a hitchhiker is that a car will stop and its driver will provide a free ride. While for many people, hitchhiking was once considered a reasonable way to travel, today it's illegal in some places and generally thought of as dangerous. The word hitchhike dates from the 1920s.
WORD FAMILY
hitchhike: hitchhiked, hitchhiker, hitchhikes, hitchhiking+/hitchhiker: hitchhikers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Army in Europe during World War II. After the war, he hitchhiked to California and found work in drive-in restaurants there.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 30, 2016)
Grandpa didn’t like wearing shoes indoors because shoes dragged filth inside and evil spirits could hitchhike on shoes and clothing.
The Guardian(Nov 27, 2016)
Hitchhiking in Iran is pretty unusual, but three young women are sharing their adventures hitching lifts across their country and beyond on social media.
BBC(Nov 19, 2016)
Back: n. 搭便车（旅行）
vi. <美><口>作搭便车式的旅行
时态：hitchhiked, hitchhiking, hitchhikes
分布：搭便车(100%)
→hitch,钩住，hike,远足。原指把雪橇钩在移动的车辆上远足或移动。引申词义搭免费车，顺风车。
verb intransitive
■to travel by getting free rides in someone else's vehicle 免费搭车旅行
• Women should never hitchhike on their own. 女人千万不要孤身一人搭便车。
⇒ See also hitch
vt. 要求（搭便车）
 - require, exact, desire, call for, request for sth
vi. 搭便车
 - thumb a ride, free ride
n. 搭便车（旅行）
 - free-riding, pick-up

Word: toothless
Front: toothless
[ˈtu:θləs] (18721/21208)
Back: adj. 无齿的
分布：没有权威的(58%)，没有牙齿的(42%)
adjective
NO TEETH 没牙的
■having no teeth 没牙的
• an ugly toothless old hag 没牙的丑陋女巫
['tu:θ.ləs] adjective
NO POWER 没有力量的
■describes an organization or a rule that has no power 没有约束力的；没有权力的
• This well-intentioned but toothless law will do nothing to improve the situation. 这项用意良好但没有约束力的法律对改善局势没有甚么作用。

Word: sortie
Front: sortie
[ˈsɔ:ti] (18776/15804 -1)
Vocabulary: sortie
(once / 4000 pages)
n
When a group of soldiers is sent on a specific mission, it's called a sortie. A fighter pilot's sortie might involve a mission to drop a bomb on a target and return to base.
When a fighting unit is deployed, heading out on a military mission, you can describe it as a sortie. A sortie might involve troops moving across a field toward their enemy, or a tank advancing on a city held by rebels. Sometimes a sortie involves a sudden surge or attack. In French, the word sortie literally means "a going out," from a Latin root, surgere, or "rise up."
WORD FAMILY
sortie: sorties
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the 1999 Kosovo air operation, almost 300 strike sorties were flown a day; in the 1991 Desert Storm operation, more than 1,200.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
The changes brought some early improvement, an Albrighton sortie resulting in Demarai Gray’s half‑volley over the crossbar, but it quickly proved illusory.
The Guardian(Dec 07, 2016)
He allowed a U.S.-led coalition to use an air base on Uzbek territory for bombing sorties on Taliban targets in neighboring Afghanistan.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: n. 突围，突击; 出击部队; （飞机出动的）架次
vt. 突围，突袭
分布：出击(47%)，突围(40%)，出动架次(9%)，短暂的外出(4%)
→来自法语 sortie,突围，突击，来自 sortir,外出，出去，来自通俗拉丁语*surctire,来自拉丁语 surrectus,外出的，出去的，来自 sur-,向上，向外，-rect,升直，拉直，词源同 erect,surge,source. 引申比喻义尝试，外出等。
US ['sɔ:r.i] noun countable
■a short quick attack by a military force, such as a small group of soldiers or an aircraft, made against an enemy position 军事突袭，出击
• A series of sorties was carried out at night by specially equipped aircraft. 特殊装备的战斗机夜晚进行了好几次突袭。
■a short journey to somewhere you have not been before, often with a particular purpose （到陌生地方的）短暂外出，出门
• It was our first sortie into the town centre. 这是我们第一次去市中心。
■an attempt to do something 尝试
• This is the acclaimed historian John Taylor's first sortie into fiction. 这是著名的历史学家约翰‧泰勒第一次尝试写小说。
n. [军] 出击；突围
 - sally, breakout

Word: scuffle
Front: scuffle
[ˈskʌfl] (托 18739/18683 -1)
Vocabulary: scuffle
(once / 2110 pages)
1vn 2v 3n
As both a noun and a verb, scuffle involves a fight. As a noun, it is the clash itself, like a scuffle between sworn enemies. As a verb, it means to fight, like a bully who will scuffle with just about anyone.
A scuffle is not an organized bout: it is a free-for-all, with fists flying in any and all directions. As a verb, it tells about the act of this kind of wild fighting, like angry kids who scuffle to try to settle their problems, but it can also mean "dragging one's feet while walking." Here, the meaning is not related to fighting, but rather the sound made by those shuffling feet.
WORD FAMILY
scuffle: scuffled, scuffles, scuffling
USAGE EXAMPLES
Howard County police said in a statement that the mother heard a scuffle in her daughter’s bedroom and walked inside.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
The ex-boyfriend of Taylor Swift was arrested in Aspen early Thursday morning for allegedly scuffling with another man in a fight outside a nightclub.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Weatherford Deputy Chief Chris Crawford says the officer and suspect scuffled in the parking lot of the Tequila Bar Y Grill prior to the shooting.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 扭打，混战; 拖脚行走，拖步; 拖着脚走的声音
vi. 扭打，混战; 拖脚行走
时态：scuffled, scuffling, scuffles
分布：混战(48%)，扭打(47%)，拖脚行走(5%)
→来自 skeubh,推，挤，词源同 shove,shuffle.-le,表反复。引申比喻义扭打，争斗。scuffle 窸窸窣窣的响声
noun countable
■a short and sudden fight, especially one involving a small number of people （尤指少数人的）短暂扭打，小冲突
• Two police officers were injured in scuffles with fans at Sunday's National Football League contest. 星期天的全国足球联赛上，两名员警在与球迷的冲突中受伤。
vi. 扭打；乱斗；拖着脚走路
 - tussle
n. 混战；扭打
 - melee, mix-up

Word: unconditionally
Front: unconditionally
[ˌʌnkən'dɪʃənəlɪ] (18612/19540)
Back: adv. 无条件地
分布：无条件地(100%)
ADJ
无条件的；无限制的
If you describe something as unconditional, you mean that the person doing or giving it does not require anything to be done by other people in exchange.
例：Children need unconditional love...孩子们需要无条件的爱。
例：The leader of the revolt made an unconditional surrender early this morning.今天上午早些时候，反叛的首领无条件投降。

Word: spirit
Front: spirit
[ˈspɪrɪt] (中高研四六托 1180/1189 -K4)
Vocabulary: spirit
(once / 19 pages)
nv
If someone tells you you have a sagging spirit, that means your life-force seems to be missing.
Spirit comes from the Latin word for "breath," and like breath, spirit is considered a fundamental part of being alive. Some people think of the spirit as a presence that's separate from the body, which is why spirit is another word for ghost. We also use spirit to mean "the general mood or intent," like when you tell your former enemy, "I approach you in the spirit of kindness."
WORD FAMILY
spirit: dispirit, spirited, spiriting, spiritise, spiritism, spiritize, spiritless, spirits, spiritual +/dispirit: dispirited, dispiriting, dispirits/ dispirited: dispiritedly, dispiritedness/dispiriting: dispiritingly/spirited: spiritedest, spiritedly, spiritedness/spiritless: spiritlessly, spiritlessness/spirits: spiritous, spirituous/ spiritual: spiritualise, spiritualism, spirituality, spiritualize, spiritually, spirituals/spiritualise: spiritualisation, spiritualised, spiritualises, spiritualising/spiritualism: spiritualisms, spiritualist, spiritualistic/spiritualist: spiritualists/spiritualistic: spiritualistically/ spirituality: spiritualities/spiritualize: spiritualization, spiritualized, spiritualizes, spiritualizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
"Our mindset is, if you're doing business here in Indonesia, the spirit is to maintain stability. Don't create unnecessary volatility to create business," he added.
Reuters(Jan 03, 2017)
Maybe he hopes Mr. Putin will see him as a kindred spirit: Big hombre, instinctive nationalist, zero use for liberals and their pieties.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
School district spokesman John White says Charlotte was “a great spirit” with lots of friends.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 精神，心灵; 情绪; 勇气; 精髓
v. 神秘地带走
时态：spirited, spiriting, spirits
分布：精神(84%)，心灵(6%)，情绪(4%)，幽灵(2%)，偷偷带走(1%)，精灵(1%)，使精神振作(1%)，烈酒.(1%)
→来自古法语 espirit,精神，灵魂，精气，来自拉丁语 spiritus,呼吸，吐气，神灵的呼吸，来自 spirare,呼吸，来自 speis,吹，词源同 conspire,perspire,respire.引申诸相关比喻义。比较另 一个拉丁词 anima,呼吸，生命，衍生词 animal,animation.
精神;情绪(有呼吸→有精神)[spir=breathe表示"呼吸"]
精神(spir呼吸+it)[-it 1.表名词,通常是抽象名词2.表名词"…的"]
n.精神;志气;(pl.)情绪,心情;(pl.)酒精The mutual spirits inspired us to reach the annual aim.相互的精神鼓舞了我们达到年度目标.
noun
WAY OF FEELING 感觉方式
 IMPROVER [S or U]
■a particular way of thinking, feeling or behaving, especially a way that is typical of a particular group of people, an activity, a time or a place 精神；（尤指特定人群、活动、时代或地方的）主导精神
• The players have a very strong team spirit (= loyalty to each other). 队员们有很强的团队精神。
• As rock musicians in the 1960s, they were very much part of the spirit of the age/times. 作为20世纪60年代的摇滚音乐家，他们在很大程度上代表了当时的时代精神。
• We acted in a spirit of cooperation. 我们遵循合作精神行事。
spirits [plural]
■the way a person is feeling 情绪；心境
• I've been in high/low spirits (= feeling happy/sad) lately. 最近我情绪很好／不好。
• Her spirits lifted/rose (= She felt happier) as she read the letter. 她看完信之后心情好了起来。
• The negative reply dashed his spirits (= made him unhappy). 否定的答覆使得他情绪低落。
the spirit of a law/rule, etc.
■the principle which a law, rule, etc. was created to strengthen, rather than the particular things it says you must or must not do 法律／规则等的实质（或精神）
• They followed neither the spirit nor the letter of the law. 他们既不遵从法律的实质精神，也不理睬它的字面意义。
enter/get into the spirit
■to show enthusiasm and enjoyment 全身心投入；积极热情地参与
• They went to the tennis club a few times but never really got into the spirit of it. 他们去了几次网球俱乐部，但从未真正投身其中。
that's the spirit
■used to approve or encourage someone's positive attitude (= way of thinking) or action （用于表示赞同或鼓励）这就对了，就应该这样
• "Come on, we can win this game." "That's the spirit." “加把劲，我们能赢这场比赛。”“这就对了。”
['spɪr.ɪt] noun
NOT BODY 非肉体
 IMPROVER uncountable
■the characteristics of a person that are considered as being separate from the body, and which many religions believe continue to exist after the body dies （独立于肉体的）精神，灵魂；心灵
• Although he's now living in America, I feel he's with me in spirit (= I feel he is present and is influencing me, in a way that is not physical). 虽然他现在生活在美国，但我感觉他和我心灵相通。
 IMPROVER countable
■the form of a dead person, similar to a ghost , or the feeling that a dead person is present though you cannot see them 鬼魂，幽灵
• an evil spirit 恶魔
• The spirits of long-dead warriors seemed to haunt the area. 死去很久的武士的幽灵似乎经常在这个地区出没。
['spɪr.ɪt] noun
ENTHUSIASM 热情
uncountable approving
■enthusiasm, energy or bravery 热情；活力；勇气
• The orchestra performed the Rite of Spring with great spirit. 管弦乐团以激昂的热情演奏了《春之祭》。
• The torture failed to break the prisoner's spirit. 严刑拷打未能摧垮囚犯的意志。
['spɪr.ɪt] noun
ALCOHOL 酒精
countable or uncountable
■a strong alcoholic drink 烈酒
• Vodka is a type of spirit. 伏特加是一种烈酒。
• Spirits are more expensive than beer, but they get you drunk faster. 烈酒比啤酒要贵，但能很快把人灌醉。
uncountable
■Some types of spirit are alcoholic liquids used especially for cleaning, mixing with paint, etc. （尤用于清洁、混合油漆等的）工业酒精，酒精溶液
• Thin the paint with white spirit. 用石油溶剂油稀释油漆。
['spɪr.ɪt] noun
as/if/when, etc. the spirit moves sb
■taking action only when you feel is the right time, not following a plan 凭感觉；心血来潮
• It's impossible to predict what he'll do - he just acts when the spirit moves him. 他会做甚么根本无从预测——他做事情纯凭感觉。
['spɪr.ɪt] noun
The spirit is willing , but the flesh is weak. humorous saying
■said when you would like to do something, but you do not have the time, skills or energy necessary to do it 心有余而力不足；力不从心；力有未逮
['spɪr.ɪt] verb
spirit sb/sth away/off/out, etc.
■to move someone or something out of or away from a place secretly 偷偷带走；神不知鬼不觉地弄走
• Somehow the prisoners managed to spirit news out to the world outside. 囚犯们不知用甚么办法把消息送出了监狱。
soul, spirit, ghost
这组词都有“灵魂，心灵”的意思，其区别是：
soul: 指超越身体之外，永远存在的无形的东西，即所谓灵魂，亦可作人解。
spirit: 当指与body相对而言的所谓灵魂时，可与soul互换使用，但强调人的精神素质，也指神仙、精灵等。
ghost: 普通用词，主要指死者的灵魂。
n. 精神；心灵；情绪；志气；烈酒
 - mood, emotion, energy, soul, mind
vt. 鼓励；鼓舞；诱拐
 - heart, stimulate, lift, uphold, inspire

Word: self-doubt
Front: self-doubt
[ˈselfˈdaut] None
Back: n. 缺少自信，自我疑惑
分布：缺少自信(60%)，自我疑惑(40%)
noun uncountable
■a feeling of having no confidence in your abilities and decisions 自我怀疑

Word: out-of-town
Front: out-of-town
[ˈautəvˈtaun] (-1)
Back: adj. 外地的; 位于城外的
分布：外地的(75%)，非本市的(25%)
US [ˌaʊtˌ.əv-] adjective [before noun]
■describes shops, and other services, situated outside the town （商店或其他服务设施）城外的，市郊的，郊野的
• an out-of-town shopping centre 市郊购物中心
adj. 外地的；位于市外的
 - ecdemic