Title: TheEconomist_1W4-1W6

Word: observant
Front: observant
[əbˈzɜ:vənt] (16107/18633)
Vocabulary: observant
(once / 1607 pages)
1adj 2adj
If you're observant, you’re paying close attention to the details. If you're really observant, you would notice the little blob of mustard on your boss's jacket and brush it off for him before he goes to his business dinner.
Your mother may be so observant that she notices every bit of dust you miss when you vacuum. But if you're so observant that you notice every coin on the sidewalk, you might soon have enough money saved to buy your mom a robo-vac. Observant can also mean that you're careful to follow laws and customs to the letter. If you’re an observant Jew or an observant Catholic, you’re following your religion’s rituals and practices very strictly.
WORD FAMILY
observant: nonobservant, observantly, unobservant+/ observable: observably, unobservable/ observance: nonobservance, observances/ observation: observational, observations/observational: observationally/ observatory: observatories/ observe: observable, observance, observant, observation, observatory, observed, observer, observes, observing/ observed: unobserved/ observer: observers/observing: observingly/unobservable: unobservably/unobservant: unobservantly/unobserved: unobservedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Fisher’s legacy includes her written words — cutting, clever, observant, self-aware and unbowed,” the science fiction writer John Scalzi wrote in The Los Angeles Times.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
But Fisher’s legacy includes her written words -- cutting, clever, observant, self-aware and unbowed.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
She struck me not as a nervous person, but as a highly observant one.
Washington Post(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 善于观察的，观察力敏锐的; 严守教规的
分布：观察力敏锐的(100%)
US [-'zɝ:-] approving
adjective
■good or quick at noticing things 善于观察的；观察力敏锐的；机警的
• "That's a new dress, isn't it?" "Yes, you are observant!" “那是件新衣服，是不是？”“没错，你真是好眼力！”
adj. 善于观察的；机警的；严格遵守的
 - tricky, wary

Word: oat
Front: oat
[əʊt] (21063/40916)
Vocabulary: oat
(once / 1006 pages)
n
An oat is a cereal grain, the seed of a plant that grows like a tall grass in fields. Your dad might love to bake with oats.
You're most likely to see the noun oat in its plural form — oats. Oats are grown for both animal feed and human consumption. If you ever eat oatmeal for breakfast, you know what an oat looks like, at least in its rolled, flake-like form. The Old English root is ate, "grain of the wild oat plant." The source of this word isn't known for sure, though it may come from the Old Norse eitill, "nodule" or "single grain."
WORD FAMILY
oat: oats
USAGE EXAMPLES
That shattered the race record, set in 2012 by rival supermaxi Wild Oats XI, by 4 hours, 51 minutes, 52 seconds.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Bell said he was immediately aware of the misfortune that struck Wild Oats XI and handed Perpetual Loyal the race lead.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Wild Oats was more than four hours inside her race record when forced to withdraw.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 燕麦，麦片粥
分布：燕麦(93%)，燕麦粥(7%)
→来自古英语ate,燕麦粒，野燕麦。
US [oʊt] adjective [before noun]
■made of or from oats 燕麦的
• oat biscuits 燕麦饼干
• oat bran/cereal 燕麦麸／食品
n. [作物] 燕麦；麦片粥，燕麦粥
 - crowdy, oatmeal

Word: norris

Word: parsimonious
Front: parsimonious
[ˌpɑ:sɪˈməʊniəs] (26783/33566)
Vocabulary: parsimonious
(once / 10387 pages)
adj
A parsimonious person is unwilling to spend a lot of money. You know those people who count up every penny when it's time to split a restaurant bill? You can call them parsimonious. Or cheap.
Stingy is the most common and general synonym, but there are many other near synonyms: thrifty, frugal, penurious, niggardly, penny-pinching, miserly, tight-fisted, tight. The adjective parsimonious was formed in English from the noun parsimony "the quality of being careful in spending" (from Latin parcimonia, from parcere "to spare") plus the suffix –ous "having the quality of."
WORD FAMILY
parsimonious: parsimoniously, parsimoniousness+/ parsimony: parsimonies, parsimonious
USAGE EXAMPLES
Castro’s direct democracy was parsimonious regarding elections but permissive of shrugs.
Washington Post(Nov 26, 2016)
I am rededicating myself to stop my parsimonious pity parties.
Washington Post(Nov 18, 2016)
Any process that is parsimonious in their use would thus be a boon to industry.
Economist(Nov 17, 2016)
Back: adj. 过分节俭的，吝啬的，小气的
分布：吝啬的(89%)，极度节省的(11%)
→来自parsimony,吝啬。
小气的(parsi花费+mon警告,小心+ious...花钱小心...小气的)[-ious表形容词"…的"]
【记】读：怕死money ious，害怕钱死掉了－吝啬的
【反】liberal＝wasteful＝lavish（adj 浪费的）；profligate（adj 放荡的）；prodigal（adj 浪费的）；generous（adj 慷慨的）；munificent（adj 宽宏的）
US [ˌpɑ:r.sə'moʊ-] formal disapproving
adjective
■not willing to spend money or give something 吝啬小气的，过度节俭的
• She's too parsimonious to heat the house properly. 她太节俭了，连给房子供足暖气都舍不得。
• figurative I think that politicians are often rather parsimonious with the (= do not tell the complete) truth. 我认为政客常常不愿说出所有事实真相。
adj. 吝啬的；过于节俭的；质量差的
 - tight, stingy

Word: persia

Word: oncology
Front: oncology
[ɒŋˈkɒlədʒi] (18597/41207)
Vocabulary: oncology
(once / 11820 pages)
n
Oncology is the branch of medicine that deals with tumors and cancer. A doctor who practices oncology is called an oncologist.
You probably think of cancer treatment as a modern practice, but the word oncology has its roots in ancient Greek. The prefix onkos means "mass or bulk” (and eventually evolved into the modern Latin onco — meaning tumor) and the suffix logy means “study of.” In theory, the word means “the study of tumors.” More often, though, you will hear oncology in relation to treatment and practical medicine, as opposed to just study or research.
WORD FAMILY
oncology: oncologic, oncological, oncologist +/ oncologist: oncologists
USAGE EXAMPLES
When they learned of her wish, the oncology nurses at Starling Physicians jumped into action, creating the video message in short order.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
The research appears in the Journal of the American Medical Association Oncology.
Reuters(Dec 08, 2016)
“We are not simply throwing food at them,” says Erin Jennings, an oncology dietitian and a co-investigator on the study.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: n. 肿瘤学
分布：肿瘤学(100%)
→来自希腊语onkos,大块，肿块，引申词义肿瘤，-logy,学说。
US [ɑ:n'kɑ:.lə-] noun uncountable
■the study and treatment of tumours (= masses of cells) in the body 肿瘤学

Word: ph

Word: reversible
Front: reversible
[rɪˈvɜ:səbl] (托 17167/15404)
Vocabulary: reversible
(once / 5710 pages)
adjn
A sweater designed to be worn right-side-out and inside-out is reversible. The health effects of a cold are reversible, too. Reversible means able to be undone or able to be used inside-out.
The great thing about reversible clothes is that it's like getting two pieces for the price of one. The great thing about reversible damage is that it can be fixed. Damage that can't be fixed is called irreversible, but t-shirts meant to be worn only one way are simply called t-shirts.
WORD FAMILY
reversible: irreversible, nonreversible, reversibility, reversibles, reversibly+/ irreversible: irreversibility, irreversibly/ reversal: reversals/ reverse: reversal, reversed, reversely, reversible, reversing
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is always uneven, discontinuous, reversible, contradictory, producing winners and losers, no force of nature but manmade.”
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Israelis will be convinced that Western assurances of support are insincere and reversible.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Because prepubescent transgender children require no more physical change than a new hairstyle and clothes, the initial transition is completely reversible, Olson-Kennedy said.
Reuters(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 可逆的; 步骤、行动或疾病可恢复原状的; 可医治的; 衣服、材料等可翻转的
分布：可逆的(83%)，可反转的(7%)，双面布料(6%)，双面式衣服(2%)，双向的(2%)
US [-'vɝ:-] adjective
■If something is reversible, it can be changed back to what it was before. 可翻转的；可逆的
■describes clothes that can be worn so that the inside becomes the outside （衣服）可两面穿的
• a reversible raincoat 可两面穿的雨衣
adj. 可逆的；可撤消的；可反转的
 - invertible

Word: ridiculously
Front: ridiculously
[rɪ'dɪkjələslɪ] (15081/14591 -1)
Back: adv. 可笑地，荒谬地
分布：可笑地(50%)，荒谬地(50%)
ADV-GRADED
荒唐地;荒谬地;可笑地;令人惊奇地
You use ridiculously to emphasize the fact that you think something is unreasonable or very surprising.
例：Dena bought rolls of silk that seemed ridiculously cheap...德娜买了几卷看起来非常次的丝绸。
例：She looked ridiculously young to be a mother.她作为妈妈实在是太年轻了。
adv. 可笑地；荒谬地
 - laughably, absurdly

Word: rabat
Front: rabat
[ˈræbət,rəˈbæt] (-/28833)
Back: n. （教士服上由衣领垂下的）黑色胸带; 胸片
分布：名词(100%)

Word: primordial
Front: primordial
[praɪˈmɔ:diəl] (托 13189/21344)
Vocabulary: primordial
(once / 4965 pages)
adj
Primordial, an adjective, describes something that has been around forever, like cockroaches.
Primordial comes from the Latin words primus, meaning "first" and ordiri, "to begin." So it is easy to see that this adjective means "first of all, original." When something is primordial, it has existed since the earliest time, like the primordial mud some scientists believe was the source of all life on Earth. Remember that is it a scientific term — don't call your teacher primordial just because she's been teaching at your school since it opened.
WORD FAMILY
primordial: primordially
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s the primordial soup from which the film’s elaborate and elusive narrative will evolve, a reminder that every story begins in chaos and noise.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
If you leave the gas in the tank, it often coagulates into something that resembles primordial goo.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
The root of the tree symbolizes a common primordial ancestor from which all other forms emerged.
Nature(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 初生的，初发的，原始的
分布：原始的(78%)，最初的(13%)，自原始时代的(9%)
→来自prime,第一的，最初的，原始的，-ord,开始，成形，词源同order.
【记】prim（adj 最早的），ord＝order顺序，ial
【反】most recent（最近的）
US [-'mɔ:r-] formal
adjective
■existing at or since the beginning of the world or the universe （从）太古时代存在的，原始的
• The planet Jupiter contains large amounts of the primordial gas and dust out of which the solar system was formed. 木星含有大量的原始气体和尘埃，太阳系就是由这些气体和尘埃形成的。
■basic and connected with an early stage of development 基本的
adj. [生物] 原始的；根本的；原生的
 - organic, original, fundamental, ultimate, radical

Word: sedentary
Front: sedentary
[ˈsedntri] (六托宝 13725/19189)
Vocabulary: sedentary
(once / 4488 pages)
adj
Scientists believe that one of the causes of the obesity epidemic sweeping the US is our sedentary lifestyle. Sedentary means sitting a lot and refers to a person or job that is not very physically active.
This adjective has a specialized meaning when referring to certain types of birds that stay in one area and do not migrate. Sedentary is from French sédentaire, from Old French, from Latin sedentārius, from sedēre "to sit."
WORD FAMILY
sedentary
USAGE EXAMPLES
Commonly called “secondary hearts,” these muscles pump blood back to our heart, allowing us to maintain our normal rate of metabolic activity during sedentary activities.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
None of this occurred in the brains of the sedentary mice.
New York Times(Jun 15, 2016)
Taubes considers sugar to be a worse evil when compared to the effects of a sedentary lifestyle and saturated fat.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 坐着的; （指工作等）坐着干的; 案头的; （指人）不爱活动的
分布：久坐的(96%)，固定不动的(4%)
→来自拉丁语 sedens,坐下的，停留某处的，现在分词格于 sedere,坐下，词源同 sit,seat.-ary,形 容词后缀。引申词义久坐不动的，定居的等。
坐着的;久坐的(sed+ent+ary→坐着的)[Sid=sit,表示"坐"]
久坐不动的(sed坐+wnt+ary)[-ary 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人,场所,物"]
【记】sed坐，entary－久坐的
【反】migratory（adj 迁移的）；peripatetic（adj 走来走去的）
US [-ter.i] adjective
■involving little exercise or physical activity 缺乏运动的，少活动的
• a sedentary job/occupation 久坐的工作／职业
• My doctor says I should start playing sport because my lifestyle is too sedentary. 医生说，我应该做些运动，因为我的生活方式太缺乏运动。

Word: satirist
Front: satirist
[ˈsætərɪst] (托 23377/33081)
Back: n. 讽刺作家
分布：讽刺作家(82%)，爱挖苦别人的人(18%)
→satire,讽刺，讥讽，-ist,人。
US ['sætˌ.ɚ.ɪst] noun countable
■a person who writes satire 讽刺作家
n. 讽刺作家；爱挖苦的人
 - ironist

Word: sculpt
Front: sculpt
[skʌlpt] (托宝 12037/19283 -1)
Vocabulary: sculpt
(once / 297 pages)
v
To sculpt is to shape or carve a figure out of a moldable or hard material. You could sculpt a figure of your mom's cat or you could sculpt your biceps by lifting weights.
Artists who sculpt are called sculptors, and the work of art they make is called a sculpture. You can sculpt out of wood or stone, by carving, or sculpt clay by molding and shaping. You can sculpt metal by heating it and pouring it into molds, or by welding pieces of it together. It's even possible to sculpt with balloons, twisting them into complicated structures or figures.
WORD FAMILY
sculpt: sculpted, sculpting, sculptor, sculpts, sculpture +/sculptor: sculptors/sculptural: sculpturally/ sculpture: sculptural, sculptured, sculpturer, sculptures, sculpturesque, sculpturing/ sculpturesque: sculpturesquely
USAGE EXAMPLES
“The peacefulness inspired him to sculpt ‘The Way’.”
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Even more disturbing, some of these genes are involved in sculpting a developing embryo.
Science Magazine(Dec 23, 2016)
Or perhaps not, because his sculpting of the countryside seems so artless that it is often unnoticed.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: vt. 雕刻; 雕塑; 使成雕塑状
vi. 雕刻，雕塑
时态：sculpted, sculpting, sculpts
分布：雕刻(53%)，雕塑(31%)，雕刻品(9%)，雕塑品(7%)
→来自拉丁语 sculpere,雕刻，雕塑，来自 skel,砍，切，词源同 scale,scalpel.
verb
intransitive or transitive
■to create solid objects that represent a thing, person, idea, etc. out of a material such as wood, clay, metal or stone 雕塑；雕刻
• Johnny sculpted an old man's head out of wood. 强尼用木头刻出了一个老人的头。
transitive
■to form into a particular shape 使具有…形状
• The dripping water had sculpted strange shapes out of the rocks/sculpted the rocks into strange shapes. 水滴把石头变成了各种奇怪的形状。
vt. 造型；雕刻
 - grave, engrave
vi. 造型；雕刻
 - carve out
n. 雕刻品
 - carving, graving

Word: stub
Front: stub
[stʌb] (托 15097/16013 -1)
Back: n. 树桩; 铅笔头，烟蒂; 票根，存根
vt. 使（脚趾）碰到某物; 捻灭（香烟，雪茄等）; 连根拔出
时态：stubbed, stubbing, stubs
分布：票根(48%)，烟蒂(36%)，残段(8%)，碰到某物(8%)
→来自古英语 stybb,树桩，树墩，来自 Proto-Germanic*stubjaz,树桩，树墩，来自 steu,推， 击，打，词源同 study,stupid,type.引申词义烟蒂，存根，票根等。
noun countable
■the short part of something which is left after the main part has been used, especially a cigarette after it has been smoked or one of the small pieces of paper left in a book from which cheques or tickets have been torn 残余部分，残端；（尤指）烟蒂，存根，票根
[stʌb] verb
stub your toe
■to hurt your toe by hitting it against a hard object by accident 不小心把脚趾碰伤
[stʌb] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] stub sth out
■to stop a cigarette from burning by pressing the burning end against a hard surface 掐灭（香烟）
n. [会计] 存根；烟蒂； [林] 树桩；断株
 - cigarette butt
vt. 踩熄；连根拔除
 - disroot

Word: statesmanlike
Front: statesmanlike
[ˈsteɪtsmənlaɪk] (31016/38598)
Back: adj. 有政治家风格的，有政治家之身份的
分布：有政治家风格的(67%)，有政治家之身份的(33%)
['steɪts.mən.laɪk] approving
adjective
■having or showing the qualities of a statesman 有政治家才能的；具有政治家风范的
• a statesmanlike speech 具有政治家风范的演说

Word: titbit
Front: titbit
[ˈtɪtbɪt] (-/21175)
Back: n. （食物，消息的）精选，珍品
分布：趣闻(36%)，珍品(26%)，量少味美的食品(26%)，少量吸引人的东西(6%)，=tidbit.(6%)
(US usually tidbit) ['tɪt.bɪt] noun countable
■a small piece of interesting information, or a small dish of pleasant-tasting food 趣闻；花絮；美味小吃
• Our guide gave us some interesting titbits about the history of the castle. 导游告诉我们一些有关这个城堡历史的趣闻。
• This magazine is full of juicy titbits (= small pieces of interesting information, especially about other people's private lives). 这份杂志满是有趣的花边新闻。
• Grandma always has a few titbits for the children if they're visiting at lunchtime. 孩子在吃饭时间去看望奶奶，她总有一些美味小吃给他们吃。
n. 珍品（少量吸引人的东西）；珍闻（有趣的消息）
 - treasure, pearl, curiosity

Word: synapse
Front: synapse
[ˈsaɪnæps] (21556/17429)
Vocabulary: synapse
(once / 79325 pages)
n
A synapse is the tiny gap across which a nerve cell, or neuron, can send an impulse to another neuron. When all your synapses are firing, you're focused and your mind feels electric.
Synapse is not an old word. It was coined in an 1897 physiology textbook, from the Greek sun- "together" + haptein "join" — it’s the space across which nerve cells can "join together" to communicate from one cell to the next or from a neuron to a muscle. When a chemical or electrical impulse makes that tiny leap across one of your synapses, which you have throughout your nervous system, your body can do what your brain tells it to do.
WORD FAMILY
synapse: synaptic
USAGE EXAMPLES
B.D.N.F. helps neurons to grow and remain vigorous and also strengthens the synapses that connect neurons, allowing the brain to function better.
New York Times(Jun 15, 2016)
“Learning a second language at an early age actually increases the synapses in the brain,” Linn-Hasbrouck said.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Losing some synapses is not necessarily a bad thing.
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. <生>（神经元的）突触
分布：神经键(48%)，形成突触(31%)，联合(21%)
→来自希腊语 synapais,连接点，来自 synaptein,连接，系，来自 syn-,一起，haptein,系，捆绑， 词源同 apse,haptic.后用于医学术语指神经元的突触。
['saɪ.næps] specialized
noun countable
■the point at which electrical signals move from one nerve cell to another （两个神经元的相接处）突触

Word: turing

Word: wooded
Front: wooded
[ˈwʊdɪd] (9850/10095 -1)
Back: adj. 多树木的，长满树木的; 木质…的
分布：多树林的(50%)，动词wood的过去式和过去分词.(50%)
adjective
■covered with trees 长有树木的
• wooded hills 长有树木的小山
• The police found a vital clue to the girl's disappearance in a wooded area near her home. 警方在失踪女孩家附近的树林里发现了重要线索。
adj. 树木繁茂的；森林多的
 - arboreous

Word: unexploded
Front: unexploded
[ˌʌnɪkˈspləʊdɪd] (26655/32823)
Back: adj. 未爆炸的，未发射的，装着炸药的
分布：未爆炸的(44%)，装着炸药的(28%)，未发射的(28%)
adj. 未爆炸的；装着炸药的；未发射的
 - undischarged

Word: ungoverned
Front: ungoverned
[ʌn'gʌvənd] (39787/-)
Back: adj. 不受统治（或支配、控制）的; 粗野的; 放纵的; 放肆的
分布：粗野的(40%)，放纵的(40%)，放肆的(20%)
adj. 无调节的；不受统治的；放纵的，粗野的
 - robust, rough, gross, country, bush

Word: abscond
Front: abscond
[əbˈskɒnd] (宝 27687/21789)
Vocabulary: abscond
(once / 6435 pages)
v
Abscond is to escape, often taking something along. As a kid, you may have absconded from your lemonade stand — with the coffee can of cash in hand, and your bewildered sister still filling cups for your customers.
Abscond is generally used to describe someone running from law or capture, and the word abscond has been in use since the early sixteenth century — running away and hiding being nothing new. Dogs who get off the leash and dart into the woods are not necessarily absconding; they are simply making a break for it. On the other hand, the Ponzi schemer who went to live in the South of France with his client's money? He absconded.
WORD FAMILY
abscond: absconded, absconder, absconding, absconds+/absconder: absconders
USAGE EXAMPLES
In Canadian court, Oesterlund accused his wife of making “wild accusations” and absconding with their two daughters to Florida.
New York Times(Nov 30, 2016)
It would be time-consuming and costly if agents were forced to track down people who had absconded after their release, they said.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 29, 2016)
The animal absconded while being loaded at Fremantle Harbour, jumped into the water and swam to shore.
BBC(Nov 14, 2016)
Back: vt. （尤指逃避逮捕）潜逃，逃跑
n. 潜逃者; 逃跑者
时态：absconded, absconding, absconds
分布：潜逃(73%)，逃匿(27%)
→abs-,离开，con-,表加强，-d,放置，词源同edit,abdomen.引申词义离开，逃走。
潜逃(abs+cond藏→藏起来→潜逃)[ab-,abs-加在词根前,表示"相反,变坏,离去"等]
潜逃(abs离开+cond→藏起来离开→潜逃)[cond=hide,表示"藏"]
【参】condiment（把坏味道藏起来－n 调味品）；recondite（adj 深奥的）
US [-'skɑ:nd] verb intransitive
ESCAPE 逃走
■to go away suddenly and secretly in order to escape from somewhere 潜逃；逃遁；逃走
• Two prisoners absconded last night. 昨晚有两个犯人逃跑了。
• She absconded from boarding school with her boyfriend. 她和男友从寄宿学校逃走了。
UK [æb'skɒnd] US [-'skɑ:nd] verb intransitive
STEAL 偷
■to go away suddenly and secretly because you have stolen something, usually money （通常指携款）潜逃
• They absconded with £10 000 of the company's money. 他们卷走公司一万英镑逃之夭夭。
vi. 逃匿，潜逃；避债
 - absquatulate, elope

Word: accreditation
Front: accreditation
[əˌkredɪˈteɪʃn] (10209/12749)
Vocabulary: accreditation
(once / 22906 pages)
n
Accreditation is the act of granting credit or recognition, especially to an educational institution that maintains suitable standards.
Accreditation is necessary to any person or institution in education that needs to prove that they meet a general standard of quality. If you earn a teaching certificate, then you have an accreditation to teach. Usually you'll hear this word in relation to institutions like colleges and universities.
WORD FAMILY
accreditation: accreditations+/accredit: accreditation, accredited, accrediting, accredits/ accredited: unaccredited
USAGE EXAMPLES
Russian government officials were also denied accreditation for the Games.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Accreditation requires an on-site review of the professional education unit and a review of the individual programs within the unit.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
It claims the school’s administrators ignored a July order from the American Bar Association to inform students of its accreditation problems.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 委派，信赖，鉴定合格
分布：认证(84%)，委派(16%)
VERB
鉴定…为合格;确认…达到标准
If an educational qualification or institution is accredited, it is officially declared to be of an approved standard.
例：This degree programme is fully accredited by the Institution of Electrical Engineers.这门学位课程经电气工程师学院鉴定完全合格。
例：...an accredited college of Brunel University.布鲁内尔大学的一所正式学院
VERB
委任;委派;认可
If someone such as a diplomat or journalist is accredited to a particular job or place, they are officially recognized as having that job, or the right to be in that place.
例：The President proposed that Russian diplomats could be accredited to NATO headquarters...总统提议俄罗斯外交官可被派驻北约总部。
例：Some of the organisations taking part protested that the delegates they had chosen were not being accredited.一些参加的组织抗议他们所选出的代表未获委任。
n. 委派；信赖；鉴定合格
 - belief, trust

Word: airman
Front: airman
[ˈeəmən] (15224/13015 -1)
Back: n. 飞行员，机组成员; 空军士兵
分布：飞行员(73%)，空军士兵(27%)
US ['er-] noun countable
■a low-ranking member of the British or US air force （英国或美国的）空军士兵
n. [航] 飞行员，空军士兵
 - pilot, aviator

Word: amalgam
Front: amalgam
[əˈmælgəm] (宝 17090/18782 -1)
Vocabulary: amalgam
(once / 1920 pages)
n
In science, when you mix a metal with mercury to soften it, you create an amalgam. Otherwise, an amalgam is simply a combination of two or more unlike things into one.
Use amalgam when the mixture of several things creates something different and larger. If your school puts together a drug prevention task force of police, doctors, teachers, social workers, and students, the task force is an amalgam of local resources. If your band plays a combination of country music and jazz, they play an amalgam of contemporary styles. We can only hope they play it well.
WORD FAMILY
amalgam: amalgamate, amalgams+/ amalgamate: amalgamated, amalgamates, amalgamating, amalgamation, amalgamator/ amalgamation: amalgamations/amalgamator: amalgamators
USAGE EXAMPLES
The amalgam of ballerina finesse and daft diva antics is brilliant, unsettling, riveting: the epitome of Trocks style.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
“The skills needed to do this are an interesting amalgam of being direct and showing patience.”
Wall Street Journal(Nov 11, 2016)
The resulting amalgam of person and persona floats just out of reach.
Slate(Nov 11, 2016)
Back: n. 汞合金; 混合物
分布：汞合金(65%)，混合物(35%)
→前缀a- 同ad-. 词根malg, 软，融合，同mel, 软，见melt, 融化。原指炼金术里水银与其它金属的融合。
【记】前后两个am结合－混合
noun
METALS 多种金属
uncountable specialized
■a mixture of mercury and another metal, especially one used by dentists to repair teeth （尤指牙医用来补牙的）汞合金，汞齐
• an amalgam filling 汞合金补牙填料
[ə'mæl.gəm] noun
MIXTURE 混合物
only singular
■a combination of parts that create a complete whole 混合物；综合体
• The show was a wonderful amalgam of dance, music and drama. 这场表演出神入化地将舞蹈、音乐和戏剧融为一体。
• Nearly every new parent feels an amalgam of joy and terror. 几乎每一个初为父母的人都会感到既喜悦又恐惧。
n. [材] 汞合金， [化工] 汞齐；混合物
 - mixture, hybrid, mix, compound

Word: aga

Word: albatross
Front: albatross
[ˈælbətrɒs] (20677/21917)
Vocabulary: albatross
(once / 4330 pages)
1n 2n
It's a bird! It's a plane! It's an albatross — in which case it's somewhere between the first two. An albatross is one of the largest flying birds in the world.
The word albatross comes from the Spanish and Portuguese word alcatraz meaning "pelican," but it's not just animals that this word describes. Think of the huge white prison on Alcatraz Island in San Francisco that hindered its inmates from going anywhere, reminding them daily of the guilt and burden of their crime — all feelings that are meant to be conjured by something that's an albatross in a person's life.
DEPARTMENT OF WORD LISTS
Coleridge Vocab: Ever Wonder What "Albatross" Means?
Ever wonder where the expression "an albatross around one's neck" comes from? Or even what the word albatross means? Look no further than Samuel Taylor Coleridge's oft-quoted ballad "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner" to find out.
"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner" tells the story of a sailor who upsets the order of the universe by shooting a giant bird called an albatross. As punishment, the sailor is forced by his shipmates to hang the dead bird from his neck as he travels a slow and thirsty path toward madness. During the 19th century, when this poem was widely recited and read, the idea of wearing an albatross around one's neck became synonymous with guilt.
If learning one key vocabulary word makes this tale of near-hallucinogenic terror more accessible, imagine how reading it would feel after you'd learned 40? Now you can, with "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner," Parts I-IV and Parts V-VII Vocabulary Lists.
Teachers: Looking for more literature-based Vocabulary Lists? Find them here and check back often. Our curriculum development team adds new lists every week.  Or get started on making your own lists with a short video "Vocabulary Lists Made Quick and Easy" and blog post "Six Steps to Better List Making."
WORD FAMILY
albatross: albatrosses
USAGE EXAMPLES
The state Department of Land and Natural Resources began investigating after three Laysan albatrosses were found dead last year in Kaena Point Natural Area Reserve.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Hawaii News Now reports there were at least 15 destroyed nests of Laysan albatrosses at Kaena Point Natural Area Reserve last December.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Hawaii News Now reports there were at least 15 destroyed nests of albatrosses at Kaena Point Natural Area Reserve last December.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 信天翁，沉重负担
分布：信天翁(88%)，阻碍(6%)，沉重的负担(6%)
→来自葡萄牙语alcatruz. 拼写受词根alb影响而俗化。
US [-trɑ:s] noun
BIRD 鸟
countable
■a large white bird with long strong wings that lives near the sea, found especially in the areas of the Pacific and South Atlantic oceans 信天翁（长翼大白鸟，尤见于太平洋和南大西洋海域）
UK ['æl.bə.trɒs] US [-trɑ:s] noun
PROBLEM 问题
only singular
■something or someone you want to be free from because they are causing you problems 无法摆脱的苦恼；障碍
• Her own supporters see her as an albatross who could lose them the election. 就连支持她的人都把她看成是一个大包袱，认为她会使他们输掉这次选举。
n. [鸟] 信天翁；沉重负担
 - goonie, gooney bird

Word: antagonist
Front: antagonist
[ænˈtægənɪst] (托 15957/16850 -1)
Vocabulary: antagonist
(once / 799 pages)
n
An antagonist is someone who opposes someone else. In the book "How the Grinch Stole Christmas," the antagonist is the Grinch, because he tries to make life miserable for every Who down in Whoville.
The noun antagonist shows up a lot when people are talking about books, plays, or movies to mean "the bad guy," but it can also be used to talk about a real person if she acts against someone else. An antagonist is always in opposition, but she isn't always bad or mean; your opponent on the tennis court, for example, could be called your antagonist, simply because it is her priority to beat you in your tennis game.
WORD FAMILY
antagonist: antagonists+/antagonise: antagonised, antagonises, antagonising/ antagonism: antagonise, antagonisms, antagonist, antagonistic, antagonize / antagonistic: antagonistically/ antagonize: antagonized, antagonizes, antagonizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
When antagonists appear, they arrive in a caravan of police cars.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
One law enacted Wednesday allows pharmacists to dispense, without a prescription, opioid antagonists.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
That especially includes those who were the principal antagonists, the people who ran the campaigns during the general election.
Washington Post(Dec 03, 2016)
Back: n. 敌手，反对者; <解>对抗肌，拮抗肌; <药>对抗药; （戏剧，小说等的）反面人物
分布：对手(72%)，敌手(28%)
→前缀anti-, 相对。词根ag, 做。
对手(ant[=anti反]+agon+ist→反过来斗争之人→对手)[agon=struggle,表示"挣扎,斗争"]
敌手,对手(ant相反+agon斗争+ist)[-ist表名词"表示信仰,专家或从事某活动的人"以-ist结尾的单词,不少同时可作形容词用]
[æn'tæg.ə.nɪst] formal
noun countable
■a person who is strongly opposed to something or someone 对抗者，对立者；对手；敌人
• The antagonists in this dispute are quite unwilling to compromise. 这场争端中的各方均不愿妥协。
Compare protagonist
n. 敌手； [生化] [药] [解剖] 对抗肌；拮抗物；反协同试剂
 - opponent, adversary

Word: ballast
Front: ballast
[ˈbæləst] (宝 14813/20248 -1)
Vocabulary: ballast
(once / 2528 pages)
1nv 2n
A ballast is any heavy material that helps to make a ship or plane stable, including metaphorical ships like your mood. If you hate school, the thought of a weekend coming might be a ballast for your mood.
Ballast comes from old ship terminology for cargo. It came to mean the weight of the cargo that prevents the ship from rocking around on the open seas. Any craft, ship or plane, needs ballast. A weight on the bottom of a rocket might act as ballast to help it glide straight. If you’re driving in snow in a tiny tin can car, you’ll need to ballast, or add weight, to prevent the wheels from sliding around.
WORD FAMILY
ballast: ballasted, ballasting, ballasts
USAGE EXAMPLES
And some boldface names are preparing to begin trading in the public markets next year, potentially providing ballast for a bigger wave of debutantes.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
And the neighborhood itself was losing one more bit of precious ballast: the rare public institution that held them together.
New York Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Still, McGregor does have the licence, and it is ballast he can use against the UFC as he plots a fight for next year.
The Guardian(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 压舱物，压载物; 道渣，碎石; 镇流器; <比喻>沉着
vt. 给某物装上压舱物; 给…铺道渣; 使稳定; 使沉着
时态：ballasted, ballasting, ballasts
分布：镇流器(59%)，压舱物(26%)，压载物(9%)，使稳定(3%)，稳定力量(3%)
→bal, 词源同bare, 仅仅，字母l,r 音变。last, 古词义，重担。
(使船稳定的)压舱物(ball球,重物)[-ast表名词"…人,物"]
【记】ball球，last最后－最后的球－船最底层放了好多球－压舱物
noun uncountable
■heavy matter such as sand or stone that is used at the bottom of a ship or a balloon to make it heavier, or the small stones on which railways and roads are made （船的）压舱物；（气球的）镇重物；（用作路基的）道砟，石碴
n. [建] [水运] 压舱物， [船] 压载物；道渣，碎石
 - rubble, rockfill

Word: bender
Front: bender
[ˈbendə(r)] (17875/33673)
Back: n. （一段时间）狂饮作乐，大量吸毒
分布：弄弯曲者(100%)
US [-dɚ] informal
noun countable
■a period during which a large amount of alcohol is drunk （一段时间）狂欢畅饮
• They went on a bender for two days after they won the championship. 他们获得冠军之后，狂欢畅饮了两天。

Word: bunny
Front: bunny
[ˈbʌni] (11945/10764 -1)
Back: n. 兔子; 可爱的女郎
分布：小兔子(100%)
→来自苏格兰方言bun , 兔子。最终来自bun, 小块，形容毛茸茸的兔子尾巴。
N-COUNT
（儿语）兔子
A bunny or a bunny rabbit is a child's word for a rabbit.
n. 兔子（特别是小兔子）；可爱女郎
 - rabbit, lapin

Word: benny
Front: benny
['benɪ] (-/8331)
Back: n. 安非他明药片
分布：兴奋剂(100%)
noun countable informal
■a sudden period of uncontrolled anger; a tantrum 发脾气；怒火失控的阵发时期
n. 安非他命药片（用作兴奋剂）；外套；笨蛋
 - simple, turkey, put

Word: cheerleading
Front: cheerleading
['tʃɪəli:dɪŋ] (27767/-)
Back: n. 带领啦啦队
分布：带领啦啦队(78%)，动词cheerlead的现在分词形式.(22%)

Word: chameleon
Front: chameleon
[kəˈmi:liən] (宝 17020/19737)
Vocabulary: chameleon
(once / 18439 pages)
n
Look closely at that branch or leaf — you might be able to spot a chameleon hiding. These little lizards are able to change color and adapt to their backgrounds, blending in to hide from predators.
The history of the word chameleon goes back to the Greek word khamaileōn, which meant "lion on the ground," maybe because of the creature’s somewhat scary face, or maybe because the ridge around the creature’s head looks something like a lion’s mane. In Old French it became chaméléon, which stuck. Today there are two acceptable spellings, chameleon and chamaeleon. We often use the word today to refer to a person who is changeable or inconsistent.
WORD FAMILY
chameleon: chameleons
USAGE EXAMPLES
“He’s a chameleon to how players are,” added guard Ramon Foster.
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Even back in high school, the actors I idolized were the chameleons.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Venice, a chameleon that has been an oil town, bohemian idyll, crumbling ghetto and tourist mecca, is adopting a new guise: tech citadel.
The Guardian(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 变色蜥蜴，变色龙
分布：变色龙(87%)，善变的人(9%)，轻浮的人(4%)
→cham, 同human, 土，人。-leon, 同lion, 狮子。字面意思即土狮子。
变色龙(chame+leon狮子-地上的狮子-变色龙)[chame=ground(地)]
【记】chame＝shame害羞，leon＝lion狮子：狮子害羞脸变红－变色龙leon（泰坦尼克号男主角）：他一会儿是绅士，一会儿是混混－变色龙
noun countable
ANIMAL 动物
■a lizard that changes skin colour to match what surrounds it so that it cannot be seen 变色龙，变色蜥蜴
[kə'mi:.li.ən] noun countable
PERSON 人
■a person who changes their opinions or behaviour to please other people 见风使舵的人
n. 变色龙；善变的人；轻浮的人
 - anole, Zelig

Word: chloride
Front: chloride
[ˈklɔ:raɪd] (15532/10643 -1)
Back: n. 氯化物; 〈口〉漂白粉
分布：氯化物(100%)
US ['klɔ:r.aɪd] specialized
noun countable or uncountable
■a chemical compound that is a mixture of chlorine and another substance 氯化物
• Sodium chloride is the chemical name for common salt. 氯化钠是食盐的化学名称。
n. [无化] 氯化物
 - muriate

Word: cmb

Word: continuum
Front: continuum
[kənˈtɪnjuəm] (托 8541/10538 -1)
Vocabulary: continuum
(once / 255 pages)
n
A continuum is something that keeps on going, changing slowly over time, like the continuum of the four seasons.
In addition to meaning "a whole made up of many parts," continuum, pronounced "kon-TIN-yoo-um," can describe a range that is always present. For example, in a high school, at any time, there are students who are learning algebra, then advancing to geometry, trigonometry, and calculus. Just as the ninth graders master their particular math, they move on to the next one, as new ninth graders enter the school and the seniors graduate.
WORD FAMILY
continuum: continua, continuous +/ continuity: continuities/ continuous: continuity, continuously, continuousness, discontinuous, noncontinuous/discontinuity: discontinuities/discontinuous: discontinuity, discontinuously
USAGE EXAMPLES
A news release from his office says the projects stem from the Continuum of Care program.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“Human evolution is a work in progress, and diets likely varied along a continuum in both time and space.”
Time(Dec 28, 2016)
Department of Housing and Urban Development awarded the Continuum of Care grants to support more than 40 homeless assistance projects.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. [数]连续统; [经]连续统一体; 闭联集; [物]连续区
分布：连续(81%)，连续统(16%)，闭连集(3%)
→来自continue, 持续，连续。
[kən'tɪn.ju.əm] (plural continua or continuums) specialized
noun countable
■something that changes in character gradually or in very slight stages without any clear dividing points 连续体；渐变体；逐渐演变的事物
• It's not 'left-wing or right-wing' - political opinion is a long continuum. 这不是“左翼或右翼”的问题——政治观点是长期形成逐渐演变的。

Word: conspiratorial
Front: conspiratorial
[kənˌspɪrəˈtɔ:riəl] (19188/20357)
Vocabulary: conspiratorial
(once / 25639 pages)
adj
Something that's conspiratorial involves a secret plan with other people. A conspiratorial glance between siblings is bound to make their babysitter nervous.
Things done in a conspiratorial way are secretive and sneaky: a meet up between spies is conspiratorial, and several coworkers planning a surprise party for their boss might spend the day communicating in various conspiratorial ways. The adjective comes from its related verb, conspire, "plot," or "make secret plans," from the Latin root conspirare, "to agree, unite, or plot," or literally, "to breathe together."
WORD FAMILY
conspiratorial: conspiratorially+/ conspiracy: conspiracies/ conspirator: conspiratorial, conspirators/ conspire: conspiracy, conspirative, conspirator, conspired, conspires, conspiring
USAGE EXAMPLES
This was not just a window into the conspiratorial and fantasist mind-set of the President-elect but a looming threat to voting rights.
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
She and Bechara glance at each other, a look that verges on the conspiratorial.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
I’ll tell you, the use of conspiratorial rhetoric and bigoted rhetoric targeting and demonizing ‘others’ is nothing new in American politics.
Salon(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 阴谋的，阴谋者的
分布：阴谋的(64%)，阴谋者的(36%)
US [-'tɔ:r.i-] adjective
■relating to a secret plan to do something bad, illegal or against someone's wishes 阴谋的；密谋的
■showing that you share a secret 会意的；心照不宣的
• They exchanged conspiratorial glances. 他们会意地对视了一下。

Word: compilation
Front: compilation
[ˌkɒmpɪˈleɪʃn] (12566/10153 -1)
Vocabulary: compilation
(once / 2639 pages)
n
A compilation is a collection. You might have enough fascinating stories about compasses to publish your own compilation of the best. You'd have to find some other compass enthusiasts to buy it though.
Coming from the 15th century Latin compilationem “that which is compiled,” a compilation is a grouping or anthology of similar items. A music compilation brings together different artists and songs on a playlist. One can gather essays on a similar topic to organize a compilation for a book. And as President Franklin D. Roosevelt noted, the Constitution itself is "the most marvelously elastic compilation of rules of government ever written.”
WORD FAMILY
compilation: compilations+/ compile: compilation, compiled, compiler, compiles, compiling/compiler: compilers
USAGE EXAMPLES
He also put together “Bedrock 18 — Signals,” a multiartist compilation on three discs.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
For record companies, compilations differ from playlists in a number of key ways.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 16, 2016)
His introspective “Dark Sacred Night” is a compilation of Christmas music he’s recorded over the past 14 years.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 编辑; 汇编
分布：编辑(53%)，编写(42%)，汇集(5%)
US [ˌkɑ:m-] noun
uncountable
■the act of compiling something 汇编；编纂；编辑；编制
• A team of four were involved in the compilation of the book. 一个四人小组参与了这本书的编写工作。
countable
■a book, CD, etc. that has been made from several separate parts （书、光碟等的）汇编，辑，集
• a compilation of their greatest hits 他们的最热门歌曲选辑
n. [计] 编辑
 - editor, redaction

Word: despotism
Front: despotism
[ˈdespətɪzəm] (宝 23378/23828)
Vocabulary: despotism
(once / 1077 pages)
n
Despotism is a way of ruling in which the leader has total, unchecked power. Joseph Stalin purged the Soviet Union of all his opponents in order to rule the country through despotism. He didn’t have many friends.
Despotism can also describe tyranny, the wielding of power through cruelty and terror. It's often used in reference to a country that's ruled by a dictator, but despotism can describe any situation characterized by oppression and threats. When your sister threatens to send all of your friends embarrassing baby photos of you if you don’t let her control the TV remote, that’s despotism.
WORD FAMILY
despotism: despotisms+/ despot: despotic, despotical, despotism, despots/ despotic: despotically, despoticly
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Victims of despotism are entitled to fairness and justice, and this is the message we are conveying to the whole world.”
New York Times(Nov 18, 2016)
It’s an idea that “advocates of democracy, and other enemies of despotism, will want to resist,” he wrote, and he counted himself among the resisters.
The New Yorker(Oct 31, 2016)
It was also a way for Clinton to avoid appearing soft on Middle Eastern despotism.
Washington Post(Oct 27, 2016)
Back: n. 专制，专制统治
分布：专制(67%)，独裁(13%)，暴政(12%)，专制政府(8%)
n. 专制，独裁；专制政治
 - autarchy, dictature

Word: denouement
Front: denouement
[ˌdeɪ'nu:mɒ̃] (宝 22761/33585)
Vocabulary: denouement
(once / 8395 pages)
n
You know that part of every movie after the big action scene, where things get explained, and the characters tie up loose ends? That's called the denouement, or the showing of how the plot eventually turns out.
Denouement is a French word that literally means the action of untying, from a verb meaning to untie. The English word is pronounced like the French: day-noo-MON. The last syllable has a nasalized vowel instead of the n sound. You can use it outside the context of plays or novels, too: you might describe the denouement of an argument between two friends.
WORD FAMILY
denouement: denouements
USAGE EXAMPLES
Babas were a happier denouement, for those who, like me, are partial to desserts that involve brioche, rum, caramel sauce and crunchy bits of pancetta.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Even the farcical dénouement of the Ellsberg case upholds the Pozenian principle that the good leak is the leak that perpetuates the practice of leaking.
The New Yorker(Dec 11, 2016)
The denouement, however, may still prove long and contentious.
Economist(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. （戏剧、小说等的）结局
分布：结局(100%)
→de-, 不，非，使相反。-noue, 结，词源同net. 即解开结，用于剧情结局收场。
【记】de解开，noue＝knot结－解开结一结尾de向下，no没有：小说，戏剧向下就没有了－结局
【区】denouncement（n 谴责）
US [-mɑ̴:] noun countable
■the end of a story, in which everything is explained, or the end result of a situation 结局，结果
n. 结局；终场
 - conclusion, outcome, ending

Word: deposition
Front: deposition
[ˌdepəˈzɪʃn] (六托宝 7312/9275 -1)
Vocabulary: deposition
(once / 1585 pages)
1n 2n 3n
Deposition means the act of putting something aside, whether you're putting aside a ruler, or putting aside legal testimony to be used later in a trial.
Deposition and the related deposit get a lot of use. At first their meanings seem unrelated––what do mineral deposits on the bathtub drain, putting your life savings in the bank, and a revolution overthrowing a king have in common? All three involve a process where something (minerals, money, king) are being "put down."
WORD FAMILY
deposition: depositions+/ depose: deposed, deposer, deposes, deposing, deposition /deposer: deposers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Steele’s office reopened the case after Cosby’s deposition became public last year.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
By not formally documenting such personnel complaints, they essentially die with no record and “that squashes an investigation, too,” Mullinax said in his deposition.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
She said that her team plans to subpoena at least 10 to 12 people for depositions, including Mr. Martinez.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 沉积（物）; [律]（在法庭上的）宣誓作证，证词; 免职，革职
分布：沉积(95%)，免职(3%)，证言(2%)
→来自deposit, 沉积。
免职;沉淀(见depose)[pos,posit=put表示"放"]
免职(de去掉+pos放,职位)[-iteon表名词"行为过程,状态"]
【记】position（n 职位）
【反】perjury（n 伪证）；process of eroding（侵蚀过程）
noun
STATEMENT 声明
countable legal
■a formal written statement made or used in a court of law 证言；书面证词
• Before the court case, we had to file/give a deposition. 开庭之前我们必须提供书面证词。
• Our lawyer took a deposition from us. 律师从我们这里取走了书面证词。
• a sworn deposition 经过宣誓的证词
[ˌdep.ə'zɪʃ.ən] noun
REMOVAL 开除
uncountable formal
■when someone important is removed from a powerful position 罢免，使免职，使下台
• Crowds celebrated the dictator's deposition. 人们欢聚在一起庆祝独裁者下台。
n. [地质] 沉积物；矿床；革职
 - mineral deposit, orebed

Word: corrosion
Front: corrosion
[kə'rəʊʒn] (六托 13900/13096)
Vocabulary: corrosion
(once / 13555 pages)
n
Corrosion is the process by which something deteriorates because of oxidation, a chemical action that creates oxides that flake away from the base.
When you see a rusty, shoddy looking car, corrosion is the culprit. Although the word is most often associated with the physical breakdown of a metal through rusting, the erosion of rock by wind and water is a form of corrosion. The word can also be applied to other situations, like the corrosion of a once-strong friendship. There could be corrosion of relations between two countries. Whenever something's being worn down or eaten away, you can call it corrosion.
WORD FAMILY
corrosion: corrosions+/ corrode: corroded, corrodes, corroding, corrosion, corrosive /corroding: corrodings/ corrosive: corrosively, corrosives
USAGE EXAMPLES
That will lubricate the piston and cylinder walls, helping to prevent corrosion.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
The arch, designed to withstand extreme temperatures, corrosion and tornadoes, is intended to prevent a new disaster.
New York Times(Nov 29, 2016)
The structure, which resembles a vast aircraft hangar, has been designed to withstand extreme temperatures, corrosion and tornadoes.
Reuters(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 腐蚀，侵蚀，锈蚀; 受腐蚀的部位; 衰败
分布：腐蚀(88%)，锈蚀(8%)，侵蚀(4%)
腐蚀(cor+ros+ion)[rod,ros=bite,表示"咬"]
N-UNCOUNT
腐蚀;侵蚀
Corrosion is the damage that is caused when something is corroded.
例：Zinc is used to protect other metals from corrosion.锌被用来保护其他金属不受腐蚀。
n. [化学] 腐蚀；腐蚀产生的物质；衰败
 - erosion, eating away

Word: disjointed
Front: disjointed
[dɪsˈdʒɔɪntɪd] (19729/18534)
Vocabulary: disjointed
(once / 3914 pages)
adj
Disjointed isn’t when you can bend your thumb all the way backwards — that’s double-jointed. Disjointed means "unorganized" or "disconnected."
Disjointed is an adjective that describes something as disconnected, illogical, or just messed up. A disjointed argument is an argument that doesn’t make a lot of sense. The same can be said for a disjointed sentence or a disjointed speech. In a medical sense, disjointed means "dislocated," or “separated at the joint.” When someone gets injured, they may end up with a disjointed shoulder or a disjointed hip.
WORD FAMILY
disjointed: disjointedly, disjointedness+/disjoint: disjointed, disjointing, disjointly, disjoints/ joint: disjoint, jointed, jointedly, jointer, jointing, jointly, joints/ jointed: unjointed/jointer: jointers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The slightly disjointed 15 tracks provide ample evidence of 360-degree skills, of house and funk steals, often undercut with the clattery skip of bass music.
The Guardian(Nov 30, 2016)
The band’s raw, abrasive sound — a blend of punk, rockabilly, blues and country — featured the wailing, slightly disjointed vocals of Doe and Cervenka.
Seattle Times(Nov 23, 2016)
Turns out, this homecoming weekend may have been the perfect remedy for the Colts after a disjointed first half of the season.
Washington Times(Nov 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 脱离开的，不连贯的
分布：脱节的(52%)，杂乱的(40%)，动词disjoint的过去式和过去分词形式.(8%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。jointed,连接。
脱节的;散乱的(disjoint+ed→分开的→脱节的)[junct,join=join,表示"结合,连接"]
【记】joint（n 接合处；关节vt 连接）
【反】orderly（adj 有秩序的；整齐的）
US [-tˌɪd] adjective
■(especially of words or ideas) not well connected or well ordered （尤指词语或想法）不连贯的，没有条理的，杂乱无章的
• The script was disjointed and hard to follow. 这个剧本写得没有条理，很难读下去。
adj. 脱节的；杂乱的；脱臼的
 - indigested, mussy

Word: detrimental
Front: detrimental
[ˌdetrɪˈmentl] (托雅宝 10826/9873 -1)
Vocabulary: detrimental
(once / 4017 pages)
adj
Detrimental is a formal way of saying "harmful." Anything detrimental hurts, hinders, or puts a damper on something. Detrimental things do damage.
Have you ever heard "Smoking may be detrimental to your health" and wondered what it meant? It means that smoking is bad for your health: it's going to harm you in a bunch of ways. Detrimental is a more official, formal way of talking about things that do harm. A dog who likes digging holes can be detrimental to a garden. If you're writing a paper and want to pick an alternative to harmful that sounds more formal, detrimental is a great choice.
WORD FAMILY
detrimental: detrimentally+/ detriment: detrimental, detriments
USAGE EXAMPLES
Even fidgeting is beneficial, a study from July showed, lessening the otherwise detrimental effects of long bouts of sitting on blood flow to the legs.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
He was suspended one game by the Kings last season for “conduct detrimental to the team” after a tirade directed at then-Coach George Karl.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
“I predict the council will need to revisit this legislation and address the detrimental impacts on District residents and small businesses.”
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 有害的; 不利的
n. 有害的人（或物）; 不受欢迎的求婚者
分布：有害的(96%)，有害的人或事(4%)
有害的(detriment损害,危害)[-al 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人,物,状态"]
US [-tˌəl] formal
adjective
■causing harm or damage 危害，损害
• These chemicals have a detrimental effect/impact on the environment. 这些化学品对环境有危害。
• Their decision could be detrimental to the future of the company. 他们的决定可能会对公司的未来产生不利影响。
adj. 不利的；有害的
 - harmful, adverse, against, evil, disadvantageous

Word: dishonour
Front: dishonour
[dɪsˈɒnə(r)] (四六 -/22127)
Back: n. 不名誉; 耻辱; 丢脸; 丢脸的人或事
vt. 使（人、家族等）丧失名誉; 拒绝承兑（支票等）; 不履行（诺言等）
时态：dishonoured, dishonouring, dishonours
分布：耻辱(34%)，拒付(28%)，侮辱(21%)，不名誉(7%)，使丢脸(7%)，=dishonor.(3%)
US [-'sɑ:.nɚ] noun uncountable formal
■a feeling of embarrassment and loss of people's respect, or when you experience this 不光彩，不名誉，耻辱，羞辱
■1. Some of the leaders of the coup took their lives rather than face dishonour.
• It was no dishonour to finish out of the medals in the most memorable 100 metres race ever seen. 在那次有史以来最值得纪念的100米短跑比赛中未获奖牌并不是甚么丢脸的事。
UK (ALSO US dishonor) UK [dɪ'sɒn.ər] US [-'sɑ:.nɚ] verb transitive formal
■to cause someone or something to lose respect 使丢脸，使蒙受耻辱，羞辱
• He felt that he had dishonoured his country. 他觉得自己给国家丢了脸。
■If you dishonour a promise or agreement, you do not do what you said you would do 违反（协定）；违背（诺言）
• We suspect he means to dishonour the agreement made three years ago. 我们怀疑他想违反三年前签下的协定。
shame, embarrassment, disgrace, dishonour
这组词都有“丢脸，羞愧”的意思，其区别是：
shame: 多指因非法婚烟、私生、卖国或犯法等而丢失脸面或败坏名声，使他人认为“丢脸”、“可耻”。
embarrassment: 多指在社交活动中所遇到的尴尬事。
disgrace: 常指失去他人的尊敬和称赞而使自己感受到的丢脸、耻辱。
dishonour: 指失去原来享有的光荣或自尊和自重。
shame, disgrace, humiliate, dishonour
这组词都有“使丢脸、使受耻辱”的意思，其区别是：
shame: 指由不光彩或不道德的行为引起的惭愧感或羞耻感。
disgrace: 侧重在别人，尤其在众人面前丢脸。
humiliate: 强调受辱者自尊心的损坏。
dishonour: 有时可与disgrace换用，但前者是指因失去荣誉所致。
vt. 拒付；使丢脸；拒绝承兑；不履行（诺言等）
 - default, decline draft
n. 拒付；不名誉
 - nonpayment, ill fame

Word: dismemberment
Front: dismemberment
[dɪs'mɛmbɚmənt] (22790/33033)
Back: n. 分割，支解; 枝解
分布：肢解(60%)，分割(40%)
n. 肢解；分割
 - division, segmentation

Word: epidemiologist
Front: epidemiologist
[ˌepɪˌdi:mɪ'ɒlədʒɪst] (15563/39784)
Vocabulary: epidemiologist
(once / 19440 pages)
n
An epidemiologist is a doctor who specializes in the patterns of diseases that spread between people. Epidemiologists study things like the causes and treatment of lung disease, for example.
If you're interested in public health or communicable illnesses, you might decide to be an epidemiologist one day. An epidemiologist might study the spread of a strain of the flu, or investigate the causes of a measles outbreak. Epidemiologist comes from epidemiology, "the study of epidemics," which has a Greek root: epidemios, "among the people."
WORD FAMILY
epidemiologist: epidemiologists+/epidemiologic: epidemiologically/ epidemiology: epidemiologic, epidemiological, epidemiologist
USAGE EXAMPLES
Columbus Public Health plans to hire a part-time epidemiologist next year to monitor neighborhood violence.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
But she was able to reach an epidemiologist at CDC’s parasitics diseases branch.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
In 2009, the state Health Department implemented a way to ease the counting burden on county epidemiologists overwhelmed by thousands of investigations.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 流行病学家
分布：流行病学家(100%)
[见上,-logist...学者]流行病学者[popul-人民;dem(o)人民]

Word: epithet
Front: epithet
[ˈepɪθet] (宝 14731/18724)
Vocabulary: epithet
(once / 1013 pages)
n
The noun epithet is a descriptive nickname, such as "Richard the Lionhearted," or "Tommy the Terrible." When it takes a turn for the worse, it can also be a word or phrase that offends.
Don’t let epithet’s bad reputation fool you — that’s only half the story. An epithet can be harmless, a nickname that catches on, like all hockey fans knowing that "Sid the Kid" is Sidney Crosby. On the flip side, an epithet can be an abusive word or phrase that should never be used, like a racial epithet that offends and angers everyone.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
epitaph / epithet
An epitaph is written on a tombstone. An epithet is a nickname or a description of someone. Halloween graves often combine them: "Here lies Fearsome Frank, who bet that he could rob a bank."
Epitaph is usually the words inscribed on the stone, but it can also be a memorial statement about someone who has died. Epitaphs are usually grave (ha ha), but old ones can sometimes be unintentionally funny, like this one: "Here lies Lester Moore/Four slugs/From a forty-four/No less/No more." Here are some other examples of epitaph:
"Here lies one whose name was writ in water," is the epitaph he composed for his grave, in Rome. (New York Times)
Her epitaph, being written in brass instead of marble, has escaped the wear and tear of nearly three centuries. (Hunter Joseph)
He has picked out a cemetery plot, selected his tombstone and written his epitaph. (New York Times)
An epithet is a description of someone, often a nickname, like if you're tall and people call you Daddy Long Legs. It's not necessarily an insult, but these days it's used that way a lot, like a racial or sexist slur. It's the kind of thing people sling at each other, like "red headed stepchild." An epithet can be negative, but it doesn't have to be:
According to legend, it is the Golden State — an epithet that might originate from the discovery of gold in California in 1848. (The Independent)
Elizabeth Olsen still needs to be described as "Mary-Kate and Ashley's younger sister," but any day now she might shake that epithet. (New York Magazine)
Be wary if someone writes your epitaph, after all, it'll be inscribed on your grave. But don't be afraid of an epithet, or nickname, maybe they call you The Gorgeous Successful Person.
WORD FAMILY
epithet: epithets
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Indeed, Appling does not allege that he ever heard any overtly racial epithets, such as the ‘N-word,’” she wrote in court documents.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
One co-worker flung a racial epithet at him.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Hayes said Hernandez, a white Hispanic who fled the scene, also used racial epithets.
Washington Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: n. （表示性质、特征等的）词语
分布：称号(51%)，浑名(37%)，性质描述词(12%)
→epi-, 在上，其它。-thet, 放置，词源同do, theme, thesis. 即附加的名字，别称。
【记】epi在…下，thet＝put放－把人放到下面的话－贬低的语言e出，pi，the神：用pi对着神是一种侮辱
['ep.ɪ.θet] formal
noun countable
■an adjective added to a person's name or a phrase used instead of it, usually to criticize or praise them （通常指在褒贬人时使用的）表述形容词，修饰语
• The opera-singer's 104-kilo frame has earned him the epithet of 'Man Mountain' in the press. 这位歌剧演员身材魁梧，体重104公斤，在新闻报道中他因此而被冠以“巨人”的称号。
n. 绰号；浑名
 - soubriquet, sobriquet

Word: falsehood
Front: falsehood
[ˈfɔ:lshʊd] (宝 16951/18965)
Vocabulary: falsehood
(once / 557 pages)
n
A falsehood is a lie. If your mom has an uncanny knack for knowing when you're telling a falsehood, it means she always knows when you're stretching the truth.
The noun falsehood is a slightly fancy or old-fashioned way of saying "lie." It's hard to ever completely trust a friend again once he's told you a falsehood, although sometimes people tell small falsehoods simply to make others feel better. Telling your aunt her pink hair looks fine is a small falsehood, while lying about your grades on a college application is a pretty big falsehood. The Latin root is falsus, "deceived or erroneous."
WORD FAMILY
falsehood: falsehoods+/ false: falsehood, falsely, falseness, falser, falses, falsest, falsity /falseness: falsenesses/ falsity: falsities
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Ten Questions For Fake News Detection” helps teachers and students comb through an article to find tell-tale signs of falsehood.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Falsehoods and character assassinations should never be reprinted.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
“Unsurprising that HPSCI’s report is rifled with obvious falsehoods. The only surprise is how accidentally exonerating it is,” Snowden tweeted.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. <正> 谎言，假话，虚假
分布：谎言(66%)，虚假(34%)
虚伪;错误(false错,假+hood表示状态→假的状态)[fall,fail,fault=err,deceive,表示"犯错误,欺骗"]
谬误(false错,假)[-hood表名词"时期,性质等"]
US ['fɑ:ls-] noun formal
uncountable
■lying 说谎
• She doesn't seem to understand the difference between truth and falsehood. 她似乎并不明白真实与虚假的区别。
countable
■a lie or a statement which is not correct 谎言；谬误
n. 说谎；假话；不真实；错误的信仰
 - lying, story

Word: everyman

Word: fingernail
Front: fingernail
[ˈfɪŋgəneɪl] (高 7769/12348 -1)
Back: n. 指甲
分布：手指甲(100%)
US [-gɚ-] (also nail)
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■the hard slightly curved part that covers and protects the top of the end of a finger 手指甲
• dirty fingernails 脏乎乎的手指甲
• She had long red fingernails. 她留着长长的指甲并涂成了红色。

Word: fitful
Front: fitful
[ˈfɪtfl] (托宝 21528/22165)
Vocabulary: fitful
(once / 1409 pages)
adj
An adjective that sounds a little like what it means, fitful means stopping and starting, on-again off-again, switching suddenly. I had a fitful night's sleep: I woke up several times throughout the night.
A fit is a disturbance that happens without warning, like a tantrum, tremor, or spasm. If something is fitful, it's "full of fits." A night at the opera is a night of fitful pleasures: the arias are cool, but the rest of the show is boring. I've made only fitful progress trying to lose weight, because I lose only a few pounds at a time, and they almost always come right back: my progress is fitful because it comes in "fits and starts."
WORD FAMILY
fitful: fitfully, fitfulness+/ fit: fitful, fitly, fitness, fits, fitted, fitter, fittest, fitting, misfit, refit, unfit / fitness: fitnesses/fitter: fitters/fitting: fittingly, fittingness, fittings, ill-fitting / misfit: misfits, misfitted, misfitting/refit: refits, refitted, refitting/ unfit: unfitly, unfitness, unfits, unfitted, unfitting/unfitness: unfitnesses/unfitting: unfittingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
In a fitful and contentious year, it is perhaps no surprise that this year there were more bad grades than good.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
I sat near her in the fitful February sun and watched her closely.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Finn’s music, a compendium of 1970s Broadway, relates the show’s harried psychology with a fitful ebullience that’s darkened with observant ironies.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 17, 2016)
Back: adj. 一阵阵的，不规则的，不稳定的
分布：一阵阵的(60%)，断断续续的(40%)
→来自fit, 一阵痉挛。
【记】fit（n 突然发作；痉挛；一阵adj 合适的；健康的vt 适合）
adjective
■often stopping and starting and not happening in a regular or continuous way 断断续续的；一阵阵的；间歇的
• fitful breathing 没有规律的呼吸
• a fitful sleep 时睡时醒
adj. 一阵阵的；断断续续的；不规则的；间歇的
 - abnormal, intermittent

Word: forensics
Front: forensics
[fə'rensɪks] (17035/-)
Back: n. 辩论练习，辩论术
分布：辩论术(64%)，辩论练习(36%)

Word: honk
Front: honk
[hɒŋk] (12629/33405)
Vocabulary: honk
(once / 6251 pages)
1nv 2v
Honk! Out of the way! A honk is a noise made by a goose or a car horn. A goose's honk can be a greeting or warning, which is also true of a car horn's honk.
To make the sound of a honk is to honk, whether you're a goose or a taxi driver waiting for the light to turn green. The "cry of a goose" meaning is the oldest, and the word honk, especially if you say it loudly, sounds just like what it means. HONK! The most common honk these days comes from cars stuck in traffic or saying hello. Honk if you like definitions!
WORD FAMILY
honk: honked, honker, honking, honks+/honker: honkers
USAGE EXAMPLES
During rush hour, the honking from bridge traffic is constant.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
As we drove along, a white BMW gave a loud honk, right behind us.
The New Yorker(Nov 30, 2016)
It has the coordinated rhythm of an orchestra, except with honks and brakes screeching.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: n. 雁叫声; 汽车的喇叭声
vt. & vi. （使）发出雁叫似的声音，鸣（喇叭），按（喇叭）
时态：honked, honking, honks
分布：雁叫声(57%)，汽车喇叭声(43%)
→拟声词，模仿鹅的叫声，后也用来指汽车鸣喇叭的声音。比较hoot.
US [hɑ:ŋk] verb intransitive or transitive
SOUND 声音
■If a goose or a car horn honks, it makes a short, loud sound. （鹅或汽车喇叭）鸣叫
UK [hɒŋk] US [hɑ:ŋk] verb intransitive or transitive
VOMIT 呕吐 UK slang
■to vomit 呕吐
• He honked (up) all over the floor. 他吐得满地都是。
UK [hɒŋk] US [hɑ:ŋk] noun countable
■a short, loud sound made by a car horn or a goose （短促大声的）汽车喇叭声或鹅叫声
• He gave us a honk on his horn as he drove off. 他驾车离开时向我们鸣了一下喇叭。

Word: gruff
Front: gruff
[grʌf] (托宝 16108/19553)
Vocabulary: gruff
(once / 1183 pages)
1adj 2adj
Gruff is an abrupt or forbidding tone. It's the kind of short, brusque response you'd give a telemarketer who called you in the middle of dinner — right before you hung up.
Gruff is the perfect adjective to describe a crotchety old man who rarely leaves his house and yells at any children who dare to cross his lawn. You can almost imagine the rough tone of his voice as he points his cane at those pesky "trespassers," his deep, terrifying bark, causing all the children on his lawn to immediately scatter.
WORD FAMILY
gruff: gruffer, gruffest, gruffly, gruffness
USAGE EXAMPLES
A grunt and a gruff acceptance usually followed.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Sager never faulted Popovich for his gruff attitude during those interviews.
Washington Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Fisher rarely smiled and his gruff voice was monotone.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. （声音）粗哑的; 生硬的; （人的行为）冷淡的; 态度生硬的
级别：gruffer, gruffest
分布：生硬的(35%)，粗鲁的(28%)，粗哑的(25%)，粗糙的(12%)
→词源不详。可能来自拟声词，模仿沙哑的声音。
【记】读：格拉夫－如果你们听她说话，比较象张柏芝，特粗哑，但是人并不粗野。参：graft格拉夫（v 嫁接；贪污）读：g，rough（adj 粗糙的；粗野的；粗暴的）
adjective
■(of a person's voice) low and unfriendly, or (of a person's behaviour) unfriendly or showing no patience （声音）低沉而生硬的，粗声粗气的；（行为）不友好的，不耐烦的，粗暴的
• "If you must, " came the gruff reply. “你一定要做的就去做吧。”对方生硬地回答道。
• He's quite a sweet man beneath the gruff exterior. 他粗中有细。
adj. 粗暴的；粗哑的；脾气坏的
 - outrageous, bearish
vt. 粗鲁地说；生硬地说
 - mouth off
vi. 粗鲁地说；生硬地说话
 - mouth off

Word: inglorious
Front: inglorious
[ɪnˈglɔ:riəs] (32303/33702)
Vocabulary: inglorious
(once / 3492 pages)
adj
Something inglorious is shameful or disgraceful. An inglorious end to a politician's career might include evidence that he bought people's votes and lied about his educational background.
You could call World War II a generally inglorious period in Germany's history, or talk about a southern US city with an inglorious record of bias against African Americans. And if your favorite basketball team loses every game, they have an inglorious season. Inglorious adds the "not" prefix in- to glorious, from its Latin root gloriosus, "full of glory" or "famous."
WORD FAMILY
inglorious: ingloriously+/glorification: glorifications/ glorify: glorification, glorified, glorifies, glorifying/ glorious: gloriousest, gloriously, inglorious / glory: gloried, glories, glorify, glorious, glorying
USAGE EXAMPLES
His heyday was the fifties and early sixties; after it, he released the inglorious single “My Ding-a-Ling,” weirding out a great many and amusing others.
The New Yorker(Oct 18, 2016)
Rightwing paramilitarism in Colombia also has an inglorious history of targeting – or “disappearing” – peasants, unionists, human rights activists and supporters of leftist political movements.
The Guardian(Sep 25, 2016)
It was inglorious end to a short chapter of Rams history that started with promise.
Los Angeles Times(Jul 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 不名誉的，不体面的，可耻的
分布：不名誉的(45%)，可耻的(37%)，不体面的(18%)
→in-,不，非，glorious,光彩的，荣耀的。引申词义不光彩的，不荣耀的，可耻的。
不光彩的(in+glori光荣+ous→不光荣的)[im-,in-①表示"不,无,非"②表示"向内,进入"]
US [-'glɔ:r.i-] literary
adjective
■not honourable (= fair and honest) or not to be proud of 不光彩的，可耻的
• That country has a long, inglorious record of dealing harshly with political prisoners. 那个国家因为长期虐待政治犯而留下不光彩的纪录。
adj. 可耻的；不名誉的；不体面的
 - shameful, yellow-dog

Word: lam
Front: lam
[læm] (42505/29799)
Back: v. 鞭打，潜逃
n. 潜逃
时态：lammed, lamming, lams
分布：打(44%)，脱逃(28%)，鞭笞(28%)
→词源不详，可能来自lem,击，打，词源同lame,lambaste.引申词义逃走，飞跑。
[læm] US
noun
on the lam
■to be escaping, especially from the police （尤指为躲避警方追缉而）在逃，逃亡
• The robbers were on the lam for several days before they were caught. 这些抢劫犯在逃窜了数日后终于落网。
vi. 潜逃；鞭打；狠打
 - absquatulate, elope
vt. 鞭打；狠打；逃脱
 - hide, scourge
n. 潜逃；逃亡
 - escape, abscondence

Word: inhumane
Front: inhumane
[ˌɪnhju:ˈmeɪn] (宝 19515/23087)
Vocabulary: inhumane
(once / 19667 pages)
adj
The adjective inhumane means cruel and heartless. Use it to describe terrible things like your neighbor's inhumane treatment of his hound dogs, which he leaves tied up in the yard in all kinds of weather.
Whenever someone acts without considering the discomfort or pain of another person or animal, you can describe their actions as inhumane. A cruel government that keeps prisoners in terrible conditions is inhumane, and the treatment of farm animals is in some cases revealed to be inhumane by investigators. The word inhumane was originally a synonym of inhuman, literally "not human," but it fell out of use and then was revived in the 1820s to mean the opposite of humane.
WORD FAMILY
inhumane: inhumanely, inhumaneness+/ humane: humanely, humaneness, humaner, humanest, inhumane
USAGE EXAMPLES
"Our constitution states that no persons should be subjected to torture, inhumane or degrading punishment," Mr Bird says.
BBC(Dec 17, 2016)
The government is forging ahead despite protests from human-rights groups, who say that deportations to Afghanistan are inhumane.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 15, 2016)
A soft-spoken 20-year-old man described the production pressure as “inhumane.”
Slate(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 不仁慈的，无人道的，冷酷无情的
分布：不人道的(67%)，残忍的(30%)，无情的(3%)
→in-,不，非，humane,人道的。
【记】humane（adj 仁慈的）
adjective
■cruel and not finding the suffering of people or animals important 不仁慈的；不人道的
• Conditions for prisoners were described as inhumane. 犯人所处的环境被描述为惨无人道。
• Many people believe factory farming is inhumane. 许多人认为工厂化农场经营是不人道的。
adj. 残忍的；无人情味的
 - cruel, brutal

Word: joust
Front: joust
[dʒaʊst] (27479/36213)
Vocabulary: joust
(once / 4388 pages)
vn
To joust is to fight against someone, usually using lances, on horseback. Such a contest is called a joust.
If you've ever seen a movie or TV show about medieval times, you might have seen two knights jousting. This is a sport that takes place on horseback and involves lances, which are long like spears. The knights charge each other and try to hit each other with the lances and knock each other off the horse. This type of contest — which usually involves a tournament — is called a joust. Jousting is as old as the Middle Ages.
WORD FAMILY
joust: jousted, jousting, jousts
USAGE EXAMPLES
An English group wants armored horsemen with thrusting lances to compete for gold in jousting.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
This jousting over Taiwan wouldn’t be so worrisome if other aspects of the U.S.-Asia policy were intact.
Washington Post(Dec 06, 2016)
The two rivals battling to be the presidential candidate of France's centre-right Republicans Party have jousted in a TV debate.
BBC(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: n. （骑士）骑着马用长矛打斗; 格斗，竞争
vi. （骑士）骑马用长矛比武
时态：jousted, jousting, jousts
分布：竞争(75%)，马上长枪比武(25%)
→来自古法语joster,争斗，马上打斗，来自拉丁语iuxta,靠近，接近，来自jungere,连接，接在一起，词源同join,jugular,juncture.引申词义短兵相接，骑马比武，及辩论，讨论等。
verb intransitive
■(in the past) to fight with a lance (= a long pointed weapon) while riding on a horse, especially as a sport （旧时）马上长枪比武（或打斗）
■to compete, especially for power or control （尤指为权力或控制权）而竞争
• Manchester United and Liverpool are jousting for position at the top of the football league. 曼彻斯特联队和利物浦队在争夺足球联赛的头名位置。
vi. 进行马上长矛比武；竞争
 - contest, cope

Word: inflection
Front: inflection
[ɪnˈflekʃn] (16353/20216)
Vocabulary: inflection
(once / 2151 pages)
1n 2n 3n
Inflection refers to the ups and downs of a language. Even if you can’t understand Italian yet, the inflection in your professor’s voice should tip you off to whether she's asking a question, giving a command, or making a joke.
What began in the 1500s as a noun of action spelled inflexion has since evolved into inflection, a word with grammatical connotation. Inflection most often refers to the pitch and tone patterns in a person’s speech: where the voice rises and falls. But inflection also describes a departure from a normal or straight course. When you change, or bend, the course of a soccer ball by bouncing it off another person, that’s an example of inflection.
WORD FAMILY
inflection: inflectional, inflections+/ inflect: inflected, inflecting, inflection, inflects, inflexion/inflected: uninflected/inflexion: inflexions
USAGE EXAMPLES
This would represent a major inflection point — perhaps the major inflection point — in the development of something that felt like true artificial intelligence.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
The man’s ready with a discourse on the subject, complete with sincerity-steeped rhetorical inflections.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 09, 2016)
In time, I may change my mind and my inflection so that the reaction becomes “What!” and “That was insane!”
Washington Post(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 变音，转调
分布：音调变化(68%)，屈曲(16%)，变调(16%)
→来自inflect,屈折。
词尾变化(inflect+ion)[flect,flex=bend,表示"弯曲"]
(UK also inflexion) [ɪn'flek.ʃən] noun
GRAMMAR 文法
 ADVANCED countable
■a change in or addition to the form of a word which shows a change in the way it is used in sentences 屈折成分；屈折变化
• If you add the plural inflection '-s' to 'dog' you get 'dogs'. 在 dog 这个词后面加上复数的屈折成分 -s，就成为 dogs。
(UK also inflexion) [ɪn'flek.ʃən] noun
SPEECH 言语
countable or uncountable
■the way in which the sound of your voice changes during speech, for example when you emphasize particular words 语调的抑扬变化
• His voice was low and flat, with almost no inflection. 他的嗓音低沉平淡，语调几乎没有甚么变化。
n. 弯曲，变形；音调变化
 - deformation, transformation, distortion, curve, give

Word: maroon
Front: maroon
[məˈru:n] (宝 14650/19889 -1)
Vocabulary: maroon
(once / 2880 pages)
1nadj 2vn 3n
To maroon is to strand someone in an isolated place, often a deserted island. Think of "Gilligan's Island," "Survivor," or "Lost" — TV shows that feature folks marooned on islands — and you've got the idea.
Maroon can be a noun or verb, depending on how you use it. If you maroon your best friend on a deserted island, in addition to being a terrible friend, you're using the word as a verb. If this friend was wearing a brownish-red shirt at the time he was marooned, you would use the adjective maroon to describe the shirt's color.
WORD FAMILY
maroon: marooned, marooning, maroons
USAGE EXAMPLES
The elementary school students wear navy shirts, and the older children are in maroon.
New York Times(Jun 06, 2016)
It was the Spaniard's wonderfully timed cross that split Palace's defence, marooned goalkeeper Wayne Hennessey and invited Diego Costa to attack the gift.
BBC(Dec 18, 2016)
The evening before, players huddled together on the field, most of them wearing their maroon jerseys and sweatpants.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 逃亡黑奴; 孤立的人; 酱紫色，褐红色
vt. 把…放逐到孤岛; （因洪水等）使孤立; 闲荡
adj. 酱紫色的，褐红色的
时态：marooned, marooning, maroons
分布：褐红色(32%)，鞭炮(22%)，褐红色的(13%)，被放逐到孤岛的人(11%)，使处于孤独无助之境(11%)，闲荡(11%)
→来自法语couleur marron,栗子色，couleur,颜色，词源同color,marron,栗子，栗色，可能来自希腊语maraon,甜栗，产于南欧。maroon 逃亡黑奴，放逐到孤岛
noun countable or uncountable adjective
■(of) a dark reddish purple colour 紫褐色（的）；褐红色（的）
n. 栗色；逃亡黑人奴隶；孤立的人
 - sorrel, chestnut
adj. 栗色的
 - castaneous, nut-brown

Word: misallocation
Front: misallocation
[mɪsəælə'keɪʃən] (39578/-)
Back: n. 错误的分配，分配不当
分布：分配不当(80%)，错误的分配(20%)
n. 错误的分配，分配不当；不合理分配
 - misdistribution, maldistribution

Word: monastic
Front: monastic
[məˈnæstɪk] (16068/10525)
Vocabulary: monastic
(once / 1469 pages)
adjn
Monastic means like in a monastery. So what is it like in a monastery? Well, it's solitary, somewhat isolated, plain, and disciplined. If you take monastic vows, you promise to live this way.
Being monastic might sound like a strange or a hard thing to be, but you can compare it to student life very well. Both monks and students spend a lot of time studying books. Monks like quiet, and students need quiet to get work done. Monks live in a community devoted to religion, and students study in a community devoted to learning. The stereotypical party lifestyle of a student isn't very monastic though.
WORD FAMILY
monastic: monastical, monastically, monasticism, monastics
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is one of three monasteries of the original branch of the scholarly, monastic order operating today.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
In words borrowed from the monastic rite of Compline, Hunthausen with Ryan’s help chose to “resist, steadfast in the faith.”
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Other monastic brewing operations, he explained, have grown into million-dollar enterprises with many workers.
New York Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 僧侣，修道士
adj. 庙宇的
分布：僧侣(50%)，修道院的(29%)，修道士(13%)，修士的(8%)
→来自monos,单个的，独自的，词源同monk.引申词义伴侣的，清修的。
adjective
■connected with monks or monasteries 修士的；僧侣的；修道院的；寺院的
■describes a simple way of living with few possessions and no people near you 隐修生活般的；简朴的；遁世的
• a monastic life 简朴克己的生活
adj. 修道院的；僧尼的；庙宇的
 - claustral, cloistral
n. 僧侣；修道士
 - religious, monk

Word: misleading
Front: misleading
[ˌmɪsˈli:dɪŋ] (托 6573/4777 -2)
Back: adj. 误导性的; 骗人的; 引入歧途的
分布：令人误解的(63%)，引入歧途的(31%)，动词mislead的现在分词.(6%)
→来自mislead,误导。引申词义引入歧途的。
【参】mismanagement（n 管理不善）；misnomer（n 用词不当；写错姓名）nome＝namemisogamy（n 厌恶结婚）mis厌恶，gam＝game结婚就是游戏misogynist（n 厌恶女人的人）；misperceive（v 误解）；misplace（v 放错地方）；misread（v 读错）
adjective
■causing someone to believe something that is not true 误导的；引入歧途的；让人产生错误观念的
• misleading information/statements 使人产生误解的资讯／说法
• Adverts must not create a misleading impression. 广告不应有误导性。

Word: monoxide
Front: monoxide
[mɒ'nɒksaɪd] (13334/13054)
Back: n. 一氧化物
分布：一氧化物(100%)

Word: narcissism
Front: narcissism
[ˈnɑ:sɪsɪzəm] (宝 18480/23152)
Vocabulary: narcissism
(once / 10000 pages)
n
Do you have a friend who constantly turns the conversation to themselves, as in "That's great about your winning the award but do you think these pants look good on me?" They're putting their narcissism, or excessive love of self, on display.
In psychoanalysis, narcissism is erotic gratification derived from excessive love for yourself, and is considered to be a normal developmental stage. The reference is to Narcissus, a beautiful youth in Greek mythology who fell in love with his reflection in a body of water and was changed into the flower narcissus, which grows near water.
WORD FAMILY
narcissism: narcissist, narcissistic +/ narcissist: narcissists/ narcissistic: narcissistically
USAGE EXAMPLES
So how did the Norman Rockwell fantasy align with unabashed greed and narcissism?
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
He’s incapable of transcending the narcissism of defending his “landslide.”
Slate(Dec 12, 2016)
Yes, narcissism is built into the design of the president-elect’s residence.
Slate(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 自我陶醉，自恋
分布：自恋(82%)，自我陶醉(18%)
→来自古希腊神话，英俊青年Narcissus拒绝了神界第一美女Echo的爱，却爱上了自己在水中的倒影，不幸溺水而死，后用于心理学名词，自恋，孤芳自赏。
【记】源于Narcissus，一个青年由于对水池中自己形象的眷恋而死去，变成一种以他的名字命名的花朵－水仙花
US ['nɑ:r.sə-] disapproving
noun uncountable
■too much interest in and admiration for your own physical appearance and/or your own abilities （对容貌和能力的）自我陶醉，孤芳自赏，自恋
n. [心理] 自恋，自我陶醉
 - self-love, autophilia

Word: naturalise
Front: naturalise
['nætʃərəlaɪz] (-/35258)
Back: vt. 接收（外国人）入籍; 使归化; 将（植物等）引进异域种植; 吸收
时态：naturalised, naturalising, naturalises
分布：使归化(75%)，移植(25%)
vt. 使入国籍；使归化
 - nationalize

Word: multiracial
Front: multiracial
[ˌmʌltiˈreɪʃl] (16112/26551)
Back: adj. 多种族的
分布：多民族的(75%)，多人种的(25%)
US [-tˌɪ-] adjective
■involving people of several different races 多种族的
• a multiracial school 多种族学校
• South Africa's first multiracial elections took place in 1994. 南非第一次多种族选举于1994年举行。
adj. 多民族的
 - polyethnic

Word: outsmart
Front: outsmart
[ˌaʊtˈsmɑ:t] (21286/41794)
Vocabulary: outsmart
(once / 29772 pages)
v
When you outsmart someone, you use your cleverness or intelligence to defeat them in some way. The roadrunner will always outsmart the coyote, at least according to Saturday morning cartoons.
When two countries are negotiating with each other, they're often each trying to outsmart the other — to maneuver in a way that gives them the better deal. A game of chess is all about which player can strategize better, or who can outsmart their opponent. And classic TV detectives use their wit to outsmart the bad guys by the end of each episode.
WORD FAMILY
outsmart: outsmarted, outsmarting, outsmarts
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s tough to peg Sherman for anything — and it may be tougher to outsmart him.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Hackers learned long ago that the most efficient way to break into a computer wasn’t to try to outsmart firewalls and other network security measures.
Slate(Dec 13, 2016)
Michael Jordan and Kobe Bryant made similar transitions, outworking and outsmarting opponents when they could no longer just outplay them.
Seattle Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 比…更聪明，智胜
时态：outsmarted, outsmarting, outsmarts
分布：智胜(74%)，比...更聪明(26%)
→out-,超过，smart,聪明的。
US [-'smɑ:rt] verb transitive
■to outwit （智力上）超过，胜过；智胜

Word: omnipotent
Front: omnipotent
[ɒmˈnɪpətənt] (宝 24801/24262)
Vocabulary: omnipotent
(once / 1353 pages)
adj
If you want to describe someone who can do absolutely anything, reach for the adjective omnipotent.
Omnipotent comes from the Latin words for total (omni) and power (potent). Omnipotent is frequently used for deities, but can apply to any exaggerated description of power. If you think that love rules the world, then to you, love is omnipotent. On the other hand, if you think that brute force wins, then maybe your idea of an omnipotent person is a mob boss. The stress is on the second syllable: om-NIP-uh-tent.
WORD FAMILY
omnipotent: omnipotence, omnipotently+/ omnipotence: omnipotences
USAGE EXAMPLES
Led by a class of omnipotent central bankers, experts have gained extraordinary political power.
The Guardian(Nov 11, 2016)
During that period, the bank portrayed itself as omnipotent.
Wall Street Journal(Oct 26, 2016)
Khomeini’s regime was a seemingly omnipotent police state that claimed to derive legitimacy from Almighty God.
Wall Street Journal(Oct 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 全能的，权力无限的
n. 全能者
分布：全能的(61%)，无所不能的(39%)
→omni-,全，总，potent,强有力的。引申词义全能的。
全能的(omni+potent的能力的)[omni-表示"全部,到处"]
全能的(omni全部+potent)[poten=powerful,表示"有力的"]
【记】omni全部，potent（adj 有力的）一全能的
【参】omnivorous（adj 杂食的；什么都吃的）
US [ɑ:m'nɪp.ə.tˌənt] formal
adjective
■having unlimited power; able to do anything 全能的，万能的，无所不能的
• How can a loving, omnipotent God permit disease, war and suffering? 慈爱、万能的主怎会允许疾病、战争和苦难的存在？
adj. 无所不能的；全能的；有无限权力的
 - totipotent, all-powerful

Word: outwardly
Front: outwardly
[ˈaʊtwədli] (17165/14531 -1)
Back: adv. 外表上; 表面上; 在外面; 外部地
分布：表面上(67%)，向外面(33%)
ADV
外表上；表面上
You use outwardly to indicate the feelings or qualities that a person or situation may appear to have, rather than the ones that they actually have.
例：They may feel tired and though outwardly calm, can be irritable...他们或许会感到疲惫，虽然外表看似没事，但可能很容易发火。
例：Outwardly this looked like the beginning of a terrific programme but the stage was actually set for a major disaster.表面上，这似乎是开启了一个极棒的项目，但实际上却是为一场大的灾难埋下了伏笔。
adv. 表面上；向外；外观上地
 - forth, apparently

Word: paean
Front: paean
[ˈpi:ən] (宝 24161/33513)
Vocabulary: paean
(once / 8995 pages)
n
A paean is a hymn of praise or thanksgiving. You might sing a paean in church, where many hymns extol the greatness of God.
Paean was originally a song of praise for Apollo, or Paian as he was sometimes called. You can now use paean to mean any song of praise, regardless of the deity, or to mean a formal expression of praise, like a eulogy. At your mother's birthday dinner, it might be nice for you and your brothers and sisters to write and sing a paean to her good-natured love and support of you over many years.
WORD FAMILY
paean: paeans
USAGE EXAMPLES
He delivered a distinct paean to values that Trump so often dismissed.
The New Yorker(Nov 17, 2016)
The recent Netflix hit “Stranger Things,” a nostalgic paean to all things 1980s and dorky, has also helped push D&D into the public eye.
Salon(Nov 13, 2016)
The film is not an attack on Mr. Trump, but instead a paean to his opponent in the presidential contest, Hillary Clinton.
New York Times(Oct 19, 2016)
Back: n. 赞歌，凯歌
分布：赞美歌(60%)，欢乐歌(40%)
→来自拉丁语paean,赞歌，凯歌，来自希腊语paian,赞歌，献给阿波罗的颂歌，来自Paian,神医，古希腊神话众神的医生，后与阿波罗合二为一，最终来自paio,触摸，诊断。
【记】原指：古代希腊感恩节对太阳神祈祷的一种赞美诗源于：peace（n 和平），peace后，对归来的英雄唱paean
【参】hymn（n 赞美歌）
【反】harshly lampoon（强烈讽刺）
['pi:.ən] literary
noun countable
■a song, film or piece of writing that praises someone or something very enthusiastically 赞歌；以颂扬为主题的影片（或短文）；颂赞
• The song is a paean to solitude and independence. 这首歌是赞美独处和独立的。

Word: particulate

Word: parse
Front: parse
[pɑ:z] (宝 18644/28472)
Vocabulary: parse
(once / 5691 pages)
v
When you parse a sentence, you break it into parts and analyze each element carefully. When your sweetheart shouts "You never listen!" it's a bad idea to parse that by replying, "I just heard you, so I must be listening."
The ability to successfully parse language is important. A binding legal contract, for example, should be read very carefully so you know exactly what's going on. You can also parse things that are more personal. You might exhaustively parse the comments of the guy you have a desperate crush on for any hint that he shares your passionate feelings. The sad truth of the matter? If you have to parse, he probably doesn't love you. Apply your parsing skills elsewhere!
WORD FAMILY
parse: parsed, parses, parsing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Parsing the specifics is part of Cousins’s job, how he learns from mistakes and moves on.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Now, I was faced with parsing dozens of obscure points of origin and even the names of different growers.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
He parsed the intersection of religion and politics.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 从语法上描述或分析（词句等）
时态：parsed, parsing, parses
分布：从语法上分析(100%)
→来自拉丁语pars,分开，部分，词源同part.引申词义作句法分析。
【记】读：怕死，语法分析需要背的东西太多－怕死了
US [pɑ:rs] specialized
verb transitive
■to separate a sentence into grammatical parts, such as subject, verb, etc. 对（句子）作文法分析
vt. 解析；从语法上分析
 - anatomise
vi. 理解；从语法上分析
 - cotton on, get at
n. 从语法上分析；分列
 - fanout

Word: palladium
Front: palladium
[pə'leɪdɪəm] (26505/26829)
Back: n. 钯
分布：守护神(100%)
→金属元素，来自Pallas,古希腊智慧女神Pallas Athena,-ium,元素后缀。
n. [化学] 钯；守护神
 - angel, nat

Word: penang
Front: penang
[piˈnæŋ] (-/29221)
Back: n. 槟榔树，槟榔; 槟榔屿（马来西亚州名）
分布：名词(100%)

Word: popcorn
Front: popcorn
[ˈpɒpkɔ:n] (高托 8839/25500 -1)
Back: n. 爆米花; 保护物品的小片：大量用于包装及运输中保护物品的一种小片，如聚苯乙烯; 淡黄色
分布：爆米花(100%)
→pop,爆炸，corn,玉米。
US ['pɑ:p.kɔ:rn] noun uncountable
■seeds of maize that are heated until they break open and become soft and light, usually flavoured with salt, butter or sugar 爆玉米花
• a tub of popcorn 一桶爆米花
n. 爆米花，爆玉米花
 - puffed rice

Word: regionalism
Front: regionalism
[ˈri:dʒənəlɪzəm] (22350/27665)
Back: n. 行政区域划分，地方（分权）主义
分布：地方主义(58%)，行政区域划分(28%)，地方色彩(14%)
→来自 regional,地区，区域，-ism,主义，思想。
noun
uncountable
■when you feel loyal to a particular part of a country and want it to have more political independence 地方分权主义
countable
■a phrase, custom, etc. that is used or found only in a particular part of a country or area 土话；方言词语；地方习俗
n. 地方主义；地区性；地区特征；行政区域划分
 - territorialism, localism

Word: pyjama
Front: pyjama
[pəˈdʒɑ:mə] None
Back: adj. （男子及儿童穿的）睡衣裤的; （穆斯林穿的）宽松裤的
分布：=pajama.(100%)
→来自印度语pajama,可能来自波斯语paejamah,裤子，来自pae,腿，词源同foot,jamah,衣物。
adj. 睡衣裤的
 - palazzo
n. （宽大的）睡衣裤
 - jama, sleepwear

Word: ree

Word: protestor
Front: protestor
[prə'testə] (20707/17143)
Back: n. 抗议者，反对者
分布：抗议者(77%)，反对者(14%)，=protester.(9%)
n. 抗议者
 - remonstrant

Word: spanking
Front: spanking
[ˈspæŋkɪŋ] (托 25753/36043)
Back: adv. <非正>非常新
adj. 快速的，飞快的
n. 打屁股
v. 用手掌打( spank的现在分词 )
分布：打屁股(47%)，非常(18%)，拍击(15%)，疾驰的(10%)，出色的(5%)，动词spank的现在分词.(5%)
→来自 spank,打屁股。引申俚语义响亮的，飞快的，了不起的。
adjective [before noun] informal approving
■very quick 飞快的，快捷的
• They raced by at a spanking pace. 他们飞奔而过。
['spæŋ.kɪŋ] adverb old-fashioned informal approving
■(used with some adjectives) very, completely （与形容词连用）很，非常，完全
• a spanking new suit 一套全新的西服
• spanking white sheets 雪白的床单
['spæŋ.kɪŋ] noun countable or uncountable (also spank)
■the act of hitting someone with the hand, usually several times on the bottom as a punishment or for sexual pleasure 打屁股；拍打（用手打击某人的行为，通常是打在屁股上数次，作为惩罚或寻求性快感）
• He needs a good spanking. 他欠一顿狠揍。
adj. 强烈的；疾行的，疾驰的
 - intense, burning, sharp, consuming, keen
n. 打屁股；拍击
 - slapping
adv. 显著地
 - remarkably, notably, prominently, noticeably, markedly
v. 拍打；严厉斥责（spank的ing形式）
 - slapping

Word: sodden
Front: sodden
[ˈsɒdn] (宝 20116/16783 -1)
Vocabulary: sodden
(once / 3058 pages)
adj
Pull out your galoshes. When it's been raining for days, there are puddles everywhere, and the grass is thoroughly soaked, it's safe to say the ground is sodden.
Coming from the Middle English word for "boiled," sodden is certainly closely tied with lots and lots of liquid. Saturated, soppy and soaking, anything that's sodden is drenched to the core and probably a mess. That goes for people, too: You can call someone sodden if they're acting stupid or dull, especially if they've had too much to drink.
WORD FAMILY
sodden: soddenly
USAGE EXAMPLES
No, it’s his drive in Brazil, at sodden Interlagos, which caught the eye more than any of his other sensational performances.
The Guardian(Nov 30, 2016)
He played gigs in psychiatric hospitals and invited thousands of sodden, exhausted revellers at the Isle of Wight festival to light matches in the rain.
The Guardian(Nov 11, 2016)
The biggest embarrassment of this campaign has been the sodden pundits who kept insisting on taking oh-so-seriously his every remark.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 09, 2016)
Back: adj. 浸透的; 无表情的; 呆头呆脑的
v. 使浸透; 使呆头呆脑
分布：浑身湿透的(100%)
→来自 seethe 的古过去分词形式，来自 seethe,沸腾，使煮沸，引申词义湿透的，浸透的。
【记】sod（n 草地）；den（n 窝；兽穴）：草地和兽穴都很湿润。
【参】soggy（adj 湿透的）读：骚gy－尿裤子了－湿透的
【反】desiccated（adj 干燥的）
US ['sɑ:.dən] adjective
■(of something which can absorb water) extremely wet 湿透的，湿漉漉的
• The football pitch was absolutely sodden. 足球场完全是湿的。
• Her thin coat quickly became sodden. 她的薄外套很快就湿透了。
adj. 浸透的；浑身湿透的；浸过酒的
 - permeant, soppy
vt. 使浸透；使迷糊
 - besot

Word: swatch
Front: swatch
[swɒtʃ] (18272/29260)
Back: n. 样品，样本; 小牌
分布：名词(100%)
→瑞士手表品牌，缩写自 second-watch,第二块表。swatch 布样，样品
US [swɑ:tʃ] noun countable
■a small piece of cloth used as an example of the colour and type of the cloth （小块）布样，样品
n. 样本，样品
 - pattern, exampler

Word: terminator
Front: terminator
['tɜ:mɪneɪtə] (24626/22825)
Back: n. 终结者，终结器，明暗界限
分布：终结者(100%)

Word: torso
Front: torso
[ˈtɔ:səʊ] (宝 7317/12384 -1)
Vocabulary: torso
(once / 5180 pages)
n
A torso is the trunk of a human body — minus arms, legs, and head. Anatomically, your torso's job is to protect your internal organs, like your heart, lungs, and kidney, which are all protected by your rib cage.
A statue of a torso in a museum, usually ancient Greek or Roman, is that of the trunk of a human body. These works of art, often carved from marble, are so old that they've frequently lost their arms and heads — but still, the sturdy torso remains. Before the word described an actual human, it meant only "trunk of a statue," from the Greek root thyrsos, "stalk or stem of a plant."
WORD FAMILY
torso: torsi, torsos
USAGE EXAMPLES
But the pain became progressively intense that afternoon, wrapping around her torso.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
There were washboard abs and dad bods, tattooed torsos and blinding white chests that seemed as if they hadn’t seen the sun this millennium.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
The third victim suffered multiple gunshot wounds to the torso.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. （人体的）躯干; 躯干雕塑像; 未完成的作品; 残缺不全的东西
分布：躯干(98%)，残缺的东西(1%)，人体的躯干雕塑像(1%)
→来自意大利语 torso,树干，来自拉丁语 thyrsus,树干，茎，来自希腊语 thyrsos,茎，词源同 thyrsus, 酒神手杖，权杖。引申词义躯干，身躯。
【记】读：脱俗，正常人都雕完整雕像；脱俗的人才雕无手雕像。
US ['tɔ:r.soʊ] (plural torsos)
noun countable
■the human body considered without head, arms or legs, or a statue representing this （人体的）躯干；躯干雕像
• The air bag will protect the head and torso. 安全气囊会保护头部和躯干。
• a famous marble torso 著名的大理石躯干雕像
n. 躯干；裸体躯干雕像；未完成的作品；残缺不全的东西
 - truncus

Word: thankful
Front: thankful
[ˈθæŋkfl] (高 8424/9671 -1)
Vocabulary: thankful
(once / 306 pages)
adj
On Thanksgiving, we remember to be thankful, showing and feeling our thanks for the meal and company in front of us.
When you are thankful, you're full of thanks. It's a word that expresses either a feeling or showing of gratitude. You can be thankful that the long week is over, or you can give a thankful smile to your boss when she says you can leave a few hours early.
WORD FAMILY
thankful: thankfuler, thankfully, thankfulness, unthankful+/thank: thanked, thankful, thanking, thankless, thanks/thankless: thanklessly/unthankful: unthankfully
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I am thankful to be a part of it.’
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Pessimism and cynicism are, in fact, irrational responses to a year that brought real lows — but also much to be thankful about.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Convention suggests that the most normal and appropriate response from me would be a display of gratitude, but I wasn’t thankful.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 感谢的，感激的; 欣慰的
分布：感激的(55%)，感谢的(45%)
→thank,感谢，-ful,形容词后缀。
adjective
■pleased or grateful for something 感谢的；感激的；感到欣慰的
• [+ that] I was thankful that the meeting didn't last long, because I had a train to catch. 我很庆幸会议没有开得太久，因为我要赶火车。
adj. 感谢的；欣慰的
 - grateful, benedictory

Word: undiminished
Front: undiminished
[ˌʌndɪˈmɪnɪʃt] (25303/20445)
Vocabulary: undiminished
(once / 4645 pages)
adj
When something is not lessened, it is undiminished. You might be hoping that the pain in your ankle will go away but find that even after a day of rest the pain is undiminished. Probably time to see a doctor.
To diminish means to lessen. If you were stranded on a desert island you might worry about diminishing supplies of food. If you had endless supplies of rice but nothing else, it would be pretty surprising if, after eating nothing but rice for a week, your love for the grain was undiminished.
WORD FAMILY
diminished: undiminished +/ diminish: diminished, diminishes, diminishing / diminishing: diminishingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The deep stake that Mr. Dos Santos’s family holds in the economy also is likely to remain undiminished.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
I told her how much we admired the campaign and how she was undiminished in our hearts.
The Guardian(Dec 18, 2016)
Yet “Skeleton Tree” and the film about its making offer proof that his talent as one of rock ’n’ roll’s premier symbolist poets is undiminished.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. 未减少的，未削弱的
分布：没有降低的(60%)，不减的(20%)，未衰落的(20%)

Word: unremitting
Front: unremitting
[ˌʌnrɪˈmɪtɪŋ] (宝 25055/18973)
Vocabulary: unremitting
(once / 3326 pages)
adj
During a heat wave, it's not always the temperature itself that's a problem. It's that the heat is unremitting––you don't get a break from it. It's sweltering hot day after day after day.
You'd think the word unremitting would be connected to the word remit, but that's true in only a loose way. Remit means to send back––but if you remit a debt, you forgive it, or lift it. Unremitting describes something that is never lifted or sent back. Like the Energizer Bunny, it keeps coming and coming and coming.
WORD FAMILY
unremitting: unremittingly+/ remission: remissions/ remit: remission, remitment, remits, remittance, remitted, remittent, remitting/ remittance: remittances/remitting: unremitting
USAGE EXAMPLES
The insults and indignities that black residents of Virginia, and black employees of NASA, unremittingly endured are integral to the drama.
The New Yorker(Dec 23, 2016)
London never overcame his rage at having been forced into unremitting toil for dirt wages.
Seattle Times(Nov 28, 2016)
In real life, though, both the lead-up and the aftermath are a story of unremitting hard work.
Washington Post(Nov 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 不懈的; 始终不懈; 坚持不懈
分布：不懈的(86%)，不间断的(11%)，坚忍的(3%)
【记】un不，remit（v 缓和；推迟），ting：坚持不懈的
US [-'mɪtˌ-] formal
adjective
■never stopping, becoming weaker or failing 不停的；不懈的；持续不断的
• Our thanks are due to Bob Lawrence whose unremitting labours have ensured the success of the whole scheme. 我们要感谢鲍勃‧劳伦斯，是他不懈的努力确保了整个计划的成功。
adj. 不懈的；不间断的；坚忍的
 - ongoing, uninterrupted

Word: zigzag
Front: zigzag
[ˈzɪgzæg] (研托宝 17582/22469)
Vocabulary: zigzag
(once / 1927 pages)
nadjvadv
The word zigzag describes the shape of a line. A line drawn in a zigzag shape makes a lot of short, sharp turns. The letter Z is a zigzag itself, and a thunderbolt is also often represented as a zigzag.
The first turn a zigzag line makes is called a zig, and the second is called the zag. Zigzag can also be a verb. If you're describing how you got lost in the desert, you might say, "I meant to go straight, but then I zigged, and then I zagged." Serpentine describes a line that curves, but the curves are rounded (like a serpent), not short and sharp like a zigzag.
WORD FAMILY
zigzag: zigzagged, zigzagging, zigzaging, zigzags
USAGE EXAMPLES
Pierre Garcon caught a screen pass and zigzagged through a host of Giants for 21 yards.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Eventually, he zigzagged his way back to Paradise, guided by his memory alone.
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
When Mattis retired from the Marines in 2013, he spent two weeks zigzagging across the country visiting the parents of Marines killed under his command.
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: adj. （指线条、小径等）锯齿形的，之字形的， Z字形的
n. 锯齿形的线条、小径等
vi. 弯弯曲曲地走路，曲折地前进
时态：zigzagged, zigzagging, zigzags
分布：曲折(34%)，之字形(22%)，曲折的(12%)，曲折地(10%)，锯齿形的(8%)，曲折前行(6%)，成锯齿形地(4%)，使曲折(4%)
n./a.之字形(的)v.使曲折,曲折盘旋The path climbed zigzag [ran zigzag] up the slope.这条小路曲折蜿蜒而上斜坡.
【记】Z，ig，Z，ag：很多Z－Z字型
noun countable
LINE 线条
■a line or pattern which looks like a Z or a row of Zs joined together 锯齿形线条；之字形
• a zigzag path/road/coastline 蜿蜒的小路／道路／海岸线
• a fabric with a zigzag pattern 带有锯齿形图案的布料
• The children ran in zigzags around the playground until they were exhausted. 孩子们在操场上左拐右拐地跑来跑去，直到筋疲力尽为止。
['zɪg.zæg] noun countable
CHANGE 改变
■when actions, plans or ideas change suddenly and completely, and then change back again equally suddenly 形容行动、计划或想法突然变来变去
• The Washington Post complained of 'two weeks of policy zigzags'. 《华盛顿邮报》指责这两周的政策“朝令夕改”。
• The country seems to have been following a zigzag course between democracy and dictatorship. 这个国家似乎已经走上了一条在民主和独裁制度间迂回往返的道路。
['zɪg.zæg] verb intransitive (-gg-)
FORM SHAPE 形状 (also zig and zag)
■to make a movement or shape like a zigzag 呈之字形移动，曲折行进
• The road zigzags along a rocky coastline. 道路沿着岩石嶙峋的海岸蜿蜒延伸。
['zɪg.zæg] verb intransitive (-gg-)
CHANGE 改变
■to change suddenly and completely, and then change back again equally suddenly 突然且彻底地变化，随后又突然变回原样
• The market zigzagged during the day but finished higher in the afternoon. 交易市场在白天一直都起起落落，但下午还是以高位收盘。
adj. 曲折的；锯齿形的；之字形的
 - flexural, labyrinthic
vi. 曲折行进；作之字形行进
 - corkscrew
n. 之字形；Z字形
 - zz
adv. 曲折地；之字形地；Z字形地
 - circuitously

Word: volley
Front: volley
[ˈvɒli] (宝 15389/12573 -1)
Vocabulary: volley
(once / 854 pages)
1nv 2nv 3v
When an attacking army lets loose a barrage of bullets all at once, it's called a volley.
A volley of bullets, arrows, or rocks describes a large number of them being shot or thrown simultaneously. Another meaning of the noun volley involves just one projectile: a returned tennis ball, usually one that hasn't hit the ground before being smacked by a racket. The military meaning of volley has been around since the 1500's, while the sports meaning didn't arise until the late 1800's. The root word is the Latin volare, "to fly."
WORD FAMILY
volley: volleyed, volleying, volleys
USAGE EXAMPLES
Callum Paterson put Hearts in front with a splendid volley before he was forced off with a knee injury.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
An armed guard from the legion fired a volley over his grave.
BBC(Dec 25, 2016)
The extent of the French police response was more surprising, escalating rapidly to full-blown tear gas volleys.
BBC(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. （箭、子弹、抢、炮、等）群射，齐射; （质问，咒骂等的）迸发
vi. 群射，齐射; 迸发; 截击
vt. 进行群射; 齐鸣
vt. & vi. （网球运动中）截击
时态：volleyed, volleying, volleys
分布：齐射(61%)，齐发(22%)，迸发(17%)
→来自拉丁语volare,飞，词源同volatile.比喻子弹发射，齐投，齐发。
US ['vɑ:.li] noun
BULLETS 子弹
countable
■a large number of bullets (seeming to be) fired at the same time （枪弹的）齐射，群射
• Even as the funeral took place, guerrillas hidden nearby fired/let off a fresh volley of machine-gun fire. 甚至在葬礼举行过程时，埋伏在附近的游击队又进行了一轮机枪扫射。
UK ['vɒl.i] US ['vɑ:.li] noun
A LOT 大量
countable usually singular
■a lot of similar things that are said or produced, or that happen, quickly one after the other （…大量的）迸发，连发
• I'm afraid my proposal was met with a volley of criticisms. 恐怕我的提议遭到了众人的齐声批评。
UK ['vɒl.i] US ['vɑ:.li] noun
SPORTS 体育运动中的一击
countable
■(in sports) a kick or hit in which a player returns a moving ball before it touches the ground 凌空击球；截击球；凌空踢球
• That was a marvellous backhand volley. 那是一记漂亮的反手截击球。
UK ['vɒl.i] US ['vɑ:.li] verb intransitive or transitive
■(in sports) to hit or kick a moving ball before it touches the ground 凌空击球；截击球；凌空踢球
n. [军] 齐射；齐射出的子弹；凌空状态
 - salvo
vi. 截击；齐鸣；进行群射
 - salvo

Word: unsung
Front: unsung
[ˌʌnˈsʌŋ] (19785/19807)
Back: adj. 未唱的，未经赞美的; 未被承认的
分布：未被赞颂的(50%)，未被唱的(50%)
adjective
■not noticed or praised for hard work, bravery or great achievements （勤奋工作、英勇行为、巨大成就）被埋没的，未得到赞扬的
• an unsung hero/heroine 无名英雄／女英雄
• Many of her achievements went unsung until after her death. 她的很多成就直到她死后才被人注意到。

Word: upkeep
Front: upkeep
[ˈʌpki:p] (雅 18132/14538 -1)
Back: n. 保养，维修; 维持; 保养费，维修费
分布：维持(72%)，保养费(18%)，维持费(6%)，生活费(4%)
→比喻用法。
noun uncountable
■the cost or process of keeping something, such as a building, in good condition 维修费；保养费
• The upkeep of larger old properties is very expensive. 维修较大型房产的费用很高。
• Council employees are responsible for the upkeep of the gardens. 市政委员会的雇员负责花园的保养。
n. 维持；维修费； [经] 保养
 - maintaining, support

Word: abdication
Front: abdication
[ˌæbdɪ'keɪʃ(ə)n] (23972/19733)
Vocabulary: abdication
(once / 3774 pages)
n
Abdication is the formal act of stepping down from something, especially a king giving up the throne. An abdication is a type of resignation.
When a king — or another person in power — gives up that position, they abdicate. Such an act is then called an abdication. The roots of this word mean declare in Latin, and that's an important part of the meaning. Abdicating isn't just quitting: it's formally quitting, including a declaration of quitting. There’s no such thing as a private abdication. After an abdication, there's a vacuum of power, and there may be a power struggle to fill the empty position.
WORD FAMILY
abdication: abdications+/ abdicate: abdicable, abdicated, abdicates, abdicating, abdication, abdicator
USAGE EXAMPLES
The pitiable pictures from the devastated city showed the true cost of Obama’s abdication.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
"It's not an abdication of sovereignty but a reaffirmation of it."
Reuters(Dec 21, 2016)
Not to reckon with Luther’s book would be an abdication not only of one’s moral faculty but also of one’s fandom.
New York Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 退位，辞职; （权力、权利、要求、职责、责任等的）放弃
分布：退位(75%)，辞职(25%)
n. 辞职；退位
 - resignation, demission

Word: anaesthetic
Front: anaesthetic
[ˌænəsˈθetɪk] (32223/9936 -1)
Back: adj. 麻醉的
n. 麻醉剂; 麻药
分布：麻醉(66%)，麻醉剂(24%)，麻醉的(10%)
US [-'θetˌ-] noun countable or uncountable
■a substance that makes you unable to feel pain 麻醉剂
• The operation is performed under anaesthetic. 手术是在麻醉状态下进行的。
• The procedure is carried out under local anaesthetic (= a substance that makes you unable to feel pain in part of your body). 这个过程是在局部麻醉的状态下完成的。
• I've never had a general anaesthetic (= a substance that makes you unconscious so you do not feel pain). 我从来没有做过全身麻醉。
adj. 麻醉的
 - anesthetic, narcotic
n. 麻醉剂；麻药
 - detoxicator, hasheesh

Word: alligator
Front: alligator
[ˈælɪgeɪtə(r)] (托 9530/21499 -1)
Vocabulary: alligator
(once / 1704 pages)
nv
An alligator is a very big reptile — a scaly, four-footed animal with a long tail. You might see an alligator if you travel to Florida or Louisiana.
Alligators are only found in the warmest, swampiest places in the United States and China — and occasionally in the zoo. They can grow as long as fourteen feet and can weigh more than 900 pounds, and they eat turtles, birds, fish, and sometimes deer. Alligator comes from the Spanish el lagarto, or "lizard." In the 1930s, if someone called you an alligator, they might have been referring to your love for swing music.
WORD FAMILY
alligator: alligatoring, alligators
USAGE EXAMPLES
The death of Miami Marlins pitcher Jose Fernandez and the death of a toddler by a Disney World alligator tied for sixth place.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
For 20 years, the site was dedicated to urban legends, like the purported existence of alligators in New York sewers.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
For 20 years, the site was dedicated to urban legends, like the purported existence of alligators in New York City sewers, and other benign misinformation.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 短吻鳄; 短吻鳄皮革; 鳄口式工具
分布：短吻鳄(89%)，鳄鱼皮的(11%)
→来自西班牙语。al, 定冠词。-ligator, 同lizard, 蜥蜴。
US [-tˌɚ] (US informal gator)
noun countable
■a large reptile with a hard skin that lives in and near rivers and lakes in the hot, wet parts of America and China. It has a long nose that is slightly wider and shorter than that of a crocodile. 短吻鳄
n. [脊椎] 短吻鳄（产于美国及中国）；短吻鳄皮革；鳄口式工具
 - gator, aligator
vi. 皱裂；裂开
 - gap, seam

Word: appalachia

Word: blinder
Front: blinder
[ˈblaɪndə(r)] None
Back: n. 眼罩
分布：狂饮时刻(50%)，马的眼罩(50%)
US [-dɚ] noun
GOOD PERFORMANCE 出色表现
only singular UK informal
■an excellent performance at some activity, especially in sport （尤指体育方面的）精彩表现
• Weir played a blinder in yesterday's semi-final. 韦尔在昨天的准决赛中表现出色。
UK [blaɪn.dər] US [-dɚ] noun
HORSE EQUIPMENT 马的装备
blinders
[plural] US for
■ blinkers
n. 眼罩；眩目的人
 - patch, eyepatch

Word: bittersweet
Front: bittersweet
['bɪtəswi:t] (11921/34583)
Vocabulary: bittersweet
(once / 10954 pages)
1adj 2adj 3n
The adjective bittersweet describes a taste that is a blend of bitter and sweet. Bittersweet chocolate, for example, contains more chocolate and less sugar than milk chocolate or even semisweet chocolate.
The adjective bittersweet doesn't just refer to taste. It can also describe a blend of emotions that are sweet but also tinged with sadness. If you attend a memorial service for your grandmother, for example, you can enjoy telling stories of the things you did together, but still feel sad that she's gone. The feelings and memories you have make you simultaneously happy and sad, and are therefore bittersweet.
WORD FAMILY
bittersweet: bittersweetest, bittersweetly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The bittersweet black sugar sauce is nice, but not extraordinary.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
There’s a bittersweet theme about nostalgia as an opiate, but for once this ingeniously dark series ends on a note of cyberhope.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
When your friends and family regard you as The Political One, seismic news events are a bittersweet experience.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 又苦又甜的，苦乐参半的; 蜀羊泉; 白英
分布：苦乐参半的(73%)，又苦又甜的(27%)
US [ˌbɪtˌ.ɚ-] UK ['---] adjective
EMOTION 感情
■containing a mixture of sadness and happiness 苦中有乐的
UK [ˌbɪt.ə'swi:t] US [ˌbɪtˌ.ɚ-] UK ['---] adjective
TASTE 味道
■tasting both bitter and sweet 苦中带甜的

Word: baptise
Front: baptise
[bæp'taɪz] (-/16416)
Back: vt. 给…施浸礼（或洗礼）; （施洗时）授…以教名; 给…精神上的洗礼; 使经受考验
vi. 行浸礼（或洗礼）
时态：baptised, baptising, baptises
vt. 洗涤；给…施洗礼
 - wash, line dry

Word: bushman
Front: bushman
['bʊʃmən] (26678/39996)
Back: n. 居住于丛林地的人; （非洲南部的）布西曼族; 最早殖民非洲南部的荷兰人称这个民族为Boschjesman; 布尔战争后占据此地的英国人把这个荷兰语词改为英文Bushman
分布：丛林居民(100%)
['bʊʃ.mən] mainly Australian
noun countable
■a person who lives in the bush (= wild area of land) 丛林居民

Word: bracelet
Front: bracelet
[ˈbreɪslət] (宝 7400/12021 -1)
Back: n. 手镯; 手铐
分布：手镯(100%)
手镯(brace+let小东西→带在手上的小东西→手镯)[brace=two arms表示"两臂"]
【记】brace双臂，1et小东西－戴在双臂上的小东西－手镯，表带
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a piece of jewellery which is worn around the wrist or arm 手镯；臂镯
• a gold/silver/diamond bracelet 金／银／钻石手镯
• a chain bracelet 手链
n. 手镯
 - bangle, wristlet

Word: brunswick
Front: brunswick
[ˈbrʌnzwɪk] (-/21036)
Back: 棉毛交织斜纹布
分布：美城市名)(50%)，布伦兹维克(德国中部州名及其首府(50%)

Word: chamberlain
Front: chamberlain
[ˈtʃeɪmbəlɪn] (31742/7260)
Back: n. （国王的）侍从，（贵族的）管家，收款人
分布：宫廷大臣(70%)，司库(15%)，罗马教皇的名誉侍从(15%)
→chamber, 室。-lain, 小词后缀，同-ling, 见underling.
n. 管家；宫廷大臣；（村镇的）掌管财物的人
 - seneschal, majordomo

Word: chateau
Front: chateau
[ʃæˈtəʊ] (托 17389/15609 -1)
Vocabulary: chateau
(once / 1064 pages)
n
A chateau is a French country house. Chateaus are large and luxurious.
This is one of many English words that come straight from another language: in this case, French. A chateau is a house—or castle—in the country that’s the opposite of a shack. A chateau is a big home for wealthy folks. A poor farmer could never afford a chateau, but a wealthy businessman might have several. However, like a farm, a chateau is in the country. Chateaus are associated with wine; many wines are named after nearby chateaus.
WORD FAMILY
chateau: chateaus, chateaux
USAGE EXAMPLES
We go down to the cellars under the chateau.
Slate(Nov 28, 2016)
Married with five children, he lives in a 12th-century chateau 150 miles outside Paris.
Washington Post(Nov 22, 2016)
Fillon lives in a 12th century chateau with his Welsh wife, Penelope, and their five children, in a village in north-west France.
Time(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: n. （法国封建时代的）城堡; （尤指法国的）别墅，庄园
分布：庄园(62%)，别墅(38%)
US [ʃæt'oʊ] (plural chateaux)
noun countable
■a large house or castle in France （法国的）豪宅，城堡
n. （法国封建时代的）城堡；（尤指法国的）别墅
 - villa, castle

Word: chassis
Front: chassis
[ˈʃæsi] (13409/12589 -1)
Vocabulary: chassis
(once / 12455 pages)
n
A chassis is the frame of a car. If you warp the chassis of your mom’s car when you make a Dukes of Hazzard jump, she's going to be mad. Pronounce chassis CHASS-ee (singular) and CHASS-eez (plural).
Chassis comes from the Latin capsa, meaning box. In the 1600s, chassis referred to window frames, and starting with early automobile production, acquired its dominant meaning, i.e., the box that is the frame for the car. It also means other kinds of frame/boxes too — if you have a radio or a stereo, the outside box is called a chassis.
WORD FAMILY
chassis
USAGE EXAMPLES
Handshakes and backslaps to the engineers who tuned the chassis.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
If political violence was the fuel of the redemption machine, new disenfranchising laws comprised its chassis and the Democratic party was its engineer.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
Abeyta, the architect, refers to the casino as “the chassis,” which is centrally located along the spine of the rectangular building.
Washington Post(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. （车辆的）底盘; （飞机的）起落架; 炮底架; （无线电、电视等的）底架
分布：底盘(50%)，起落架(30%)，底架(20%)
→来自case, 箱子，盒子。词义扩展为汽车底盘。
【记】读：拆洗－底盘在汽车底下，必须拆下来才能洗
US ['tʃæs.i] (UK ['ʃæs.iz/ US ['tʃæs.iz/ plural chassis)
noun countable
■the frame of a vehicle, usually including the wheels and engine, onto which the metal covering is fixed （车辆的）底盘
• The car's lightweight chassis is made from aluminium sheets. 这种汽车的轻型底盘是用薄铝板制成的。
n. [机] [电子] 底盘， [军] [车辆] 底架
 - underpan, batholith

Word: cochlear
Front: cochlear
['kɒklɪə] (20745/-)
Back: adj. 耳蜗的; 匙形
分布：耳蜗的(100%)

Word: cranberry
Front: cranberry
[ˈkrænbəri] (9172/28721 -1)
Back: n. [植]蔓越橘; 酸果蔓的果实
分布：小红莓(67%)，曼越橘(20%)，其果实(13%)
→来自crane和berry的组合词。因这种植物的花蔓远观如同站立的白鹤而得名。
US [-ber-] noun countable
■a small round red fruit with a sour taste 越橘，小红莓

Word: childbearing
Front: childbearing
[ˈtʃaɪldbeərɪŋ] (14485/17005)
Back: n. 分娩
分布：分娩(84%)，分娩的(16%)
US [-ˌber.ɪŋ] noun uncountable
■the process of having babies 分娩；生孩子
• The survey is only concerned with women of childbearing age. 该调查只涉及育龄妇女。
n. 分娩；生子
 - delivery, labour

Word: crossover
Front: crossover
[ˈkrɒsəʊvə(r)] (12472/21763 -1)
Back: n. [生]（杂色体的）杂交，交换; [铁路]岔道，转线路; <英>（交搭胸前的）女围巾; 天桥
分布：交叉(82%)，跨界(16%)，交迭(2%)
US ['krɑ:s.oʊ.vɚ] noun countable
■the process or result of changing from one activity or style to another （活动或风格的）转型，转变，变化
• a crossover artist/album 改变风格的艺术家／转型专辑

Word: declassify
Front: declassify
[ˌdi:ˈklæsɪfaɪ] (宝 21617/-)
Back: vt. 对（机密文件等）销密
时态：declassified, declassifying, declassifies
分布：解密(72%)，不再当机密文件处理(28%)
→de-, 不，非，使相反。classify, 加密。
【记】classify（vt 分类；分等）
verb transitive
■to say officially that especially political or military information is no longer secret 解密，公开（尤指政治或军事资讯）
• Many government documents are declassified after 50 years. 50年后许多政府文档都解密了。

Word: defaulter
Front: defaulter
[diˈfɔ:ltə(r),diˈfɔltə] (45806/23696)
Back: n. 不履行者，违反军规者，缺席者
分布：缺席者(55%)，不履行者(30%)，犯罪兵(15%)
n. 缺席者；不履行者；违反军规者
 - absentee

Word: drummer
Front: drummer
[ˈdrʌmə(r)] (8442/10672)
Vocabulary: drummer
(once / 1643 pages)
n
A drummer is a musician who plays the drums. The drummer in a rock band might play a huge set of many different drums and other percussion instruments.
A professional drummer could play in a marching band, a classical symphony, or a country and western group. A casual drummer can be someone who taps on the bongoes in a city park or takes drumming lessons and practices in her basement. The word drummer comes from drum, which has a Germanic, imitative root — it's a word that sounds like its meaning.
WORD FAMILY
drummer: drummers+/ drum: drum-like, drummed, drummer, drumming, drums/drumming: drummings
USAGE EXAMPLES
But at least we owe the band for the far more interesting Father John Misty, its former drummer.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Few other drummers were as integral to the development of fusion as Mr. Mouzon, who combined volcanic intensity with a brisk attunement to dynamic flow.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The band — still touring with the original lineup, which also includes lead guitarist Billy Zoom and drummer D.J.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 鼓手; 〈美口〉旅行推销员; 跑街
分布：鼓手(100%)
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■someone who plays a drum or a set of drums, especially in a music group （尤指乐队中的）鼓手
n. 鼓手；旅行推销员；跑街
 - travelling salesman, commercial traveler

Word: deuterium
Front: deuterium
[dju:ˈtɪəriəm] (24854/31019)
Back: n. 氘，重氢
分布：氘(100%)
→deuter-, 二，词源同two. 因这种物理元素其质量为氢的两倍而得名。比较tritium.
US [-tɪr-] specialized
noun uncountable
■an isotope of hydrogen that is twice the mass of ordinary hydrogen 重氢，氘（氢的同位素，质量是普通氢的两倍）
• The nucleus of a deuterium atom contains a proton and a neutron. 氘的原子核由一个质子和一个中子组成。
n. [核] 氘；重氢
 - diplogen

Word: earthy
Front: earthy
[ˈɜ:θi] (宝 12783/18776 -1)
Vocabulary: earthy
(once / 2767 pages)
1adj 2adj 3adj 4adj
The adjective earthy runs the gamut from "crunchy" to "crude." You could use earthy to describe bohemian fashion or a vulgar comedian. Just don't use it to describe our planet.
Adding one letter y to earth changes earth's status from a noun to an adjective. And what a versatile adjective it is! You could use it in a more literal way, like the "earthy smell" coming from the vegetable garden. Or, you could use it in a more figurative way — like to describe someone who wears Birkenstock sandals and grows her own bean sprouts. Earthy can also be used to describe someone who tends to be gross or vulgar, but this use of the word is somewhat euphemistic.
WORD FAMILY
earthy: earthier, earthiest, earthily+/ earth: earthed, earthing, earthlike, earthling, earthly, earths, earthy, unearth / earthling: earthlings/ earthly: earthlier, earthliest, unearthly / unearth: unearthed, unearthing, unearths/ unearthly: unearthlily
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was gently earthy, and the tannins exerted a mild but noticeable grip.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Earthy and mature, this pinot offers a smooth, even taste that becomes even more amazing after decanting.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
British hops lend this beer an earthy body that’s a welcome break from the sweet fruitiness of a lot of Christmas beer.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 泥土的; 土质的; 朴实的; 粗俗的
级别：earthier, earthiest
分布：泥土的(35%)，朴实的(29%)，粗俗的(27%)，世俗的(9%)
US ['ɝ:-] adjective
REFERRING TO SEX 与性有关的
■referring to sex and the human body in a direct way 粗俗的，粗鄙的
• She has an earthy sense of humour. 她的幽默感粗俗不堪。
UK ['ɜ:.θi] US ['ɝ:-] adjective
SUBSTANCE 物质的
■like or relating to earth 似泥土的；泥土的
• an earthy smell 泥土味
adj. 土的；土质的；朴实的；粗俗的
 - low, coarse

Word: dryly
Front: dryly
[ˈdraɪlɪ] (15963/25051)
Vocabulary: dryly
(once / 1356 pages)
adv
If you say something dryly, you say it in a funny but matter-of-fact way. Your friend's dryly humorous comments might be your favorite thing about watching soap operas with him.
People who joke or remark dryly have a straight-faced delivery, even as they are saying the funniest things. You could also describe a black comedy as being dryly funny, or a character in a book as narrating dryly. The adverb dryly comes from dry, which more commonly means "not wet" than "subtly humorous" — although the humor meaning dates from the early 15th century.
WORD FAMILY
dry: dried, drier, dries, driest, drily, dryed, dryer, dryest, drying, dryly, dryness, drys, semi-dry+/ dried: undried/drier: driers/dryer: dryers/dryness: drynesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
The suspect eventually tackles the police officer, and the Post dryly and passively says that “The cops subdued him after the fiery incident.”
The Guardian(Dec 06, 2016)
Still, he admitted dryly, “it’s nice to have people paying attention to me and complimenting me instead of yelling at me. It’s much better.”
Washington Post(Nov 22, 2016)
“I don’t think we were getting our money’s worth,” he said dryly.
New York Times(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: adv. 干燥地; 枯燥地; 冷冰冰地; 干巴巴地
分布：冷淡地(61%)，讽剌地(13%)，=drily.(13%)，枯躁无味地(13%)
adv. 干燥地；冷淡地；枯燥无味地
 - strange, drily

Word: engrossing
Front: engrossing
[ɪn'ɡrəʊsɪŋ] (33765/-)
Back: adj. 使人全神贯注的，引人入胜的
v. 使全神贯注( engross的现在分词 )
分布：引人入胜的(86%)，动词engross的现在分词形式.(14%)
引人入胜的(engross吸引)[-ing 1.表名词"状态"2.表名词"行业"3.表形容词"正…的","令人…的"]
US [-'groʊ-] adjective
■very interesting and needing all your attention 引人入胜的；使人着迷的
• an engrossing book/story 引人入胜的书／故事
• I found the film completely engrossing from beginning to end. 那部电影从头到尾都令我着迷。
adj. 引人入胜的
 - spellbinding, ravishing

Word: effigy
Front: effigy
[ˈefɪdʒi] (托宝 18533/19281)
Vocabulary: effigy
(once / 1904 pages)
n
In modern usage, effigy most often refers to a likeness, such as a dummy, that is hanged, burned, or otherwise abused when protesting the despised person's actions.
If you've encountered the phrase "in effigy,” it's probably been in a news report about protesters burning a stuffed figure made to look like a loathed corporate leader or head of state. Since the 18th century or longer, effigies have been destroyed in place of individuals who, as far as the angry crowd is concerned, have escaped justice. Effigy can also refer to a sculptural portrait of the deceased reclining upon a burial monument.
WORD FAMILY
effigy: effigies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Though it’s tempting to burn 2016 in effigy, the bright spot this year was television.
Washington Post(Dec 08, 2016)
Rose encouraged moments later as a few fans thwacked the arms and legs off the Trump effigy.
Time(Dec 02, 2016)
Each year the citizens of Gävle go to great time and expense to build a giant goat effigy in the town’s Slottstorget square.
Time(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. （人的）雕像，模拟像，肖像
分布：肖像(42%)，雕像(30%)，模拟像(28%)
→ef-, 向外。-fig, 形成，形象，词源同figure, fiction. 引申义雕像，小雕像。
【记】ef出，fig人，肖像，形状
【参】figment（n 臆造事；虚构事）；figure（n 外形；轮廓；画像）
noun countable
■a model or other object which represents someone, especially one of a hated person which is hung or burnt in a public place （尤指被憎恨的人的）模拟像，雕像；画像：
• Crowds marched through the streets carrying burning effigies of the president. 示威群众举着燃烧的总统画像沿街游行。
n. [建] 雕像，肖像
 - image, statue, portrait, icon

Word: escrow
Front: escrow
['eskrəʊ] (22368/-)
Vocabulary: escrow
(once / 23545 pages)
n
If you buy a house, you'll have to put money in escrow, which means you give it to a third party (like a bank), while the seller actually brings the deed and signs it over to you.
The word escrow comes from the Old French escroue meaning "scrap, roll of parchment." Think of an escrow as a deed rolled up and delivered to a trusted person who hangs onto it, only giving out the money on the deed after the person who's supposed to get it does whatever he agreed to do. It's a safe way to do business, and prevents sellers from running off with your money before they've given you what you bought.
WORD FAMILY
escrow: escrows
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ms. Power also set up an escrow account to personally pay the school fees through high school for Toussaint’s siblings.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
United allows borrowers to waive escrow on all conventional loans with down payments of at least 10 percent.
Washington Post(Dec 06, 2016)
Lenders create escrow accounts to pay insurance and tax bills on a mortgaged property when they come due.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 由第三者保存附带条件委付盖印的契约
分布：将 ... 暂交第三者保管以待条件实现(100%)
US [-kroʊ] specialized
noun uncountable
■an agreement between two people or organizations in which money or property is kept by a third person or organization until a particular condition is completed （在达成某种条件之前将钱款或财产交由协力厂商保管的）有待完成条件的合约（或契据）
• The money was placed in escrow. 履行协定期间，这笔钱由协力厂商保管。

Word: euphemistical

Word: filler
Front: filler
[ˈfɪlə(r)] (14680/12726 -1)
Back: n. 填装物，填塞物; 填装者，填注者; （杂志等的）补白; （报纸等的）补白
分布：填料(80%)，填充物(14%)，补白(5%)，注入器(1%)
US [-ɚ] noun
countable or uncountable
■a substance that is used to fill small holes and cracks , especially in wood and walls （尤指用于填木头和墙壁的小洞及裂缝的）填充物，填料
countable
■a short text or drawings used to fill extra space in a magazine or newspaper, or talk, music, etc. used to fill extra time in a radio or television broadcast 填补（杂志或报纸）空白的短文（或素描）；填补（电台或电视台广播）间隙的谈话（或音乐）
n. （杂志等的）补白；装填者；装填物；充填器
 - balaam, priming

Word: fag
Front: fag
[fæg] (宝 20870/10432)
Vocabulary: fag
(once / 2814 pages)
1n 2n 3v 4v
Fag is mainly used as an offensive term for homosexuals. Although it has other meanings, you should probably avoid it at all costs.
This is a very strong word that should be avoided in nearly all situations: fag (short for faggot) is a hateful slur against homosexuals. Because fag is such an offensive word, the other meanings are uncommon, but fagging has also meant working hard and getting tired, as in fagging out. A fag — especially in England — is also a cigarette, and in British boys’ schools, fags are servants for older boys.
WORD FAMILY
fag: fagged, fagging, fags
USAGE EXAMPLES
They frequently fan across the state with protest signs reading “God hates fags”.
The Guardian(Nov 18, 2016)
The crockery was heavy and brown and the air was always thick with fag smoke.
The Guardian(Nov 13, 2016)
But no one will listen to him because “he talks like a fag”.
The Guardian(Oct 07, 2016)
Back: n. 苦工; 疲劳; 香烟
vt. & vi. （使）劳累; 做苦工
时态：fagged, fagging, fags
分布：使劳累(33%)，香烟(25%)，使疲倦(12%)，苦差事(12%)，做苦工(12%)，公校中为高年级男生服务的低年级男生(6%)
→来自flag, 拟声词，疲乏，拍打。用于学生俚语，跑腿小弟，苦工。衍生义男同性恋，或可能缩写自faggot.
【源】原指：在英国学校中，受高年级使唤的低年级学生，也就是为高年级同学做跑腿的学生。后来引申为苦工，但是现在出现了几个由苦工引申出来的意思：香烟；男同性恋
【记】fag＝fact做事的人－苦工读音像一句骂人的话，只有苦工才说得出来
noun
CIGARETTE 香烟
countable UK slang
■a cigarette 香烟
• a packet of fags 一包烟
• She's gone outside for a quick fag. 她出去抽根烟，很快就回来。
• There were fag ends all over the floor. 地板上到处都是烟蒂。
[fæg] noun
HOMOSEXUAL 同性恋的
countable US slang
■an offensive word for a homosexual man （冒犯语）男同性恋者
[fæg] noun
TROUBLE 麻烦
be a fag mainly UK informal
■to be boring and tiring to do 是苦差；是枯燥的工作
• It's such a fag to have to make your bed every morning. 每天早上都要收拾床铺，真是让人厌烦。
[fæg] noun
YOUNG BOY 年幼男孩
countable UK old-fashioned
■(at some large British private schools) a younger boy who has to do jobs for an older boy （某些英国私立学校中受高年级男生使唤的）低年级男生
[fæg] noun
the fag end of sth UK informal
■the last, and often worst, part of something （常指最糟糕的）结尾
• We always used to go on holiday at the fag end of the holiday season. 我们过去总是在度假季节的季末去休假。
[fæg] verb intransitive (-gg-) UK old-fashioned
■If a younger boy fags for an older boy at a British private school, he does jobs for him. （英国私立学校中低年级男生）听高年级男生使唤
[fæg] verb intransitive (-gg-) UK old-fashioned
can't be fagged UK informal
■If you can't be fagged to do something, you are unwilling to make the effort that is needed to do it 吃不消，受不了劳累
• I can't be fagged to walk all the way there. 要我一路走到那里，我可吃不消。
n. 苦工；疲劳
 - fatigue, drudgery
vt. 使劳累
 - swink
vi. 努力地工作
 - break one's back

Word: frit
Front: frit
[frɪt] None
Back: vt. 使熔为玻璃原料
n. （搪瓷用）玻璃料
分布：熔块(54%)，烧结(27%)，玻璃质(13%)，加热玻璃料(6%)
adj. 受惊的
 - stunned, frightened

Word: forthwith
Front: forthwith
[ˌfɔ:θˈwɪθ] (28605/12317)
Back: adv. 即刻，毫不拖延地; 即时
分布：立即(56%)，立刻(33%)，马上(11%)
US [ˌfɔ:rθ-] adverb formal
■immediately 立刻，马上
• We expect these practices to cease forthwith. 我们希望这些做法立即停止。
adv. 立刻，立即；不犹豫地
 - rapidly, soon, shortly, directly, now

Word: floodgate
Front: floodgate
[ˈflʌdgeɪt] (宝 21192/20683)
Vocabulary: floodgate
(once / 14503 pages)
n
The gates used to control the flow of water over a levee or in a reservoir is called a floodgate. Some floodgates protect areas that are vulnerable to hurricanes or typhoons.
There are many kinds of floodgates, all designed to hold water back sometimes and to let it flow at others. A figurative floodgate holds back strong emotion or something equally powerful. You'll most often find this floodgate in the phrase, "Open the floodgates." For example, a school principal might worry that allowing one student to bring his pet rabbit to class will open the floodgates for everyone bringing animals to school.
WORD FAMILY
floodgate: floodgates
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s almost if they wanted the cyber floodgates to be opened, just like our borders.
Washington Times(Dec 16, 2016)
“When you’re in an era when you’re being sued over production, it just opens the floodgates of something dangerous really.”
Seattle Times(Dec 16, 2016)
“The door is open to doing deals with the West and they don’t want those doors to be floodgates,” Ostovar said.
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. （江河或湖泊的）防洪闸（门），（泄）水闸门
分布：防洪闸门(65%)，大量(21%)，泄水闸门(14%)
noun countable usually plural
■a gate which can be opened or closed to control a flow of water 防洪闸门；水闸
['flʌd.geɪt] noun countable usually plural
open the floodgates
■If an action or a decision opens the floodgates, it allows something to happen a lot or allows many people to do something that was not previously allowed 引发更多同类事件，放开限制
• Officials are worried that allowing these refugees into the country will open the floodgates to thousands more. 官员们担心，允许这些难民入境会引发数千其他难民的涌入。
n. 水闸；水门；防潮水闸；制约（怒气）
 - sluice gate, milldam

Word: gaseous
Front: gaseous
[ˈgæsiəs] (四六托宝 18191/23487)
Back: adj. 气态的，似气体的; 无实质的; 〈美俚〉不可靠的; 气性
分布：气态的(41%)，气体的(34%)，无实质的(18%)，似气体的(7%)
气体的(gas气体)[-eous表形容词"有…的"]
US ['gæ.si.əs] specialized
adjective
■consisting of gas or gases, or like gas 含有气体的；像气体的
• a gaseous mixture 气体混合物
• Steam is water in its gaseous form. 蒸汽是气态水。
adj. [物] 气态的，气体的；无实质的
 - gasiform, gassy

Word: groove
Front: groove
[gru:v] (六宝 8325/7135 -2)
Vocabulary: groove
(once / 1183 pages)
nv
A groove is an indentation or rut in something — like the grooves on an old record.
Groove is rooted in an old Dutch word for "furrow" or "ditch." And that's just what a groove is: a carved out line, like wheel ruts in a muddy road or the narrow opening that a sliding door moves in. If you can't "find your groove," you feel off track and out of whack. But when you're "in the groove," everything is working smoothly and you've found a good routine. And if someone says "let's groove!", they want to dance.
WORD FAMILY
groove: grooved, groover, grooves, grooving+/groover: groovers/grooving: groovings
USAGE EXAMPLES
We’re trying to tell a story where Paterson’s physical life is a well-worn groove.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
And a groove that dissolves and hardens again.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The French duo Justice, whose 2011 album “Audio, Video, Disco” explored bombastic progressive rock territory, returned to futuristic funk grooves for their latest album, “Woman.”
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 沟，槽; [俚语]常规，老套：确定的规范; [俚语]理想状况; [俚语]非常愉快的经历
vt. 刻沟，刻槽
vi. 极其快乐，极其满意，过得快活; 受愉快的刺激影响; 投合，契合
时态：grooved, grooving, grooves
分布：槽(89%)，纹(7%)，习惯(2%)，开槽(1%)，使 ... 快活(1%)
→词源同carve, grave.
【区】grove（n 小树丛）grow five长了5棵树－小树丛至于groove，不好记，只能把中间的两个O想象成唱片的凹线。
noun countable
■a long narrow hollow space cut into a surface 沟；槽；辙；纹
• The window slides along a deep metal groove to open and close. 窗户沿着一条深深的金属槽滑动打开或关上。
[gru:v] noun countable
be in the groove informal
■to be operating or performing successfully 性能出色；表现理想；进行得很成功
• Alex Popov proved he was back in the groove by winning the 100 metres freestyle. 亚历克斯‧波波夫赢得了100米自由泳比赛，这证明他又回到了以前的良好竞技状态。
[gru:v] noun countable
be stuck in a groove
■to be bored because you are doing the same things that you have done for a long time 感到单调乏味；墨守成规
• We never do anything exciting any more - we seem to be stuck in a groove. 我们做的事情不再让人感到有意思了——我们似乎太墨守成规了。
n. [建] 凹槽，槽；最佳状态；惯例
 - tradition, usage, convention, best
vt. 开槽于
 - slot

Word: idiom
Front: idiom
[ˈɪdiəm] (高研四六托雅宝 12698/10357 -1)
Vocabulary: idiom
(once / 2004 pages)
1n 2n
An idiom is a form of expression that is particular to a certain person or group of people. If your friend always says, "squirrelly nuteriffic!" when she means something is great, she's using her own idiom.
Idiom comes from the Greek idios, which means personal. Idiom originally meant "speech peculiar or proper to a people or country." These days we use idiom for a specialized vocabulary or an expression that isn't obvious, like kick the bucket which means "die." If you're studying a foreign language, idioms are the hardest phrases to translate.
WORD FAMILY
idiom: idiomatic, idiomatical, idioms+/ idiomatic: idiomatically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Rich retrofitted the American lyric idiom to the exploration of trauma.
The New Yorker(Dec 19, 2016)
Now, however, it often seems astoundingly vital: No dance idiom is more overwhelmingly sensuous.
New York Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Unlike those choreographers, who initially rejected dance technique, Ms. Meehan insisted that highly trained dancers execute her own nonballetic idiom with refined precision.
New York Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 习语，成语; 方言，土语; （语言）风格; 惯用语法
分布：成语(72%)，风格(10%)，惯用语(8%)，方言(5%)，特色(5%)
→来自希腊语idios,个人的，自己的，来自swe,个人，自己，词源同self,swain,custom.引申词义个人的生活习惯，个人的说话方式，后抽象化为习语，习惯。
n.习语;成语方言;(艺术等的)风格,特色The student identified the identical idiom on the identity cards.学生辨认出了身份证上相同的成语.
noun
 IMPROVER countable
■a group of words in a fixed order that have a particular meaning that is different from the meanings of each word understood on its own 习语，成语，惯用语
• To "have bitten off more than you can chew" is an idiom that means you have tried to do something which is too difficult for you. have bitten off more than you can chew 是一句成语，意思是试图承担力所不及的事。
countable or uncountable formal
■the style of expression in writing, speech or music that is typical of a particular period, person or group （某一时期、个人或群体在写作、言语、音乐方面的）典型表达风格
• Both operas are very much in the modern idiom. 两部歌剧都很有现代风格。
speech, laguage, tongue, slang, dialect, idiom
这组词都有“语言”的意思，其区别是：
speech: 特指人的口语，也指正式的讲话。
laguage: 普通用词，含义广。指人的语言或文字，或动物的语言。既可指口头或书面语言，也可指手势语等。
tongue: 书面用词，指人的语言，亦指人的母语。
slang: 指俚语。
dialect: 指一种语言中，某一地方所特有的语言形式，即方言。
idiom: 指一种语言中一般由几个词结合成短语或句子的特殊表达方式，即惯用语、成语。也指方言。
n. 成语，习语；土话
 - phrase, dialect

Word: goldilocks
Front: goldilocks
['gəʊldɪlɒks] None
Back: n. 金发姑娘，金凤花
分布：金凤花的一种(100%)

Word: inflexibility
Front: inflexibility
[ɪnˌfleksə'bɪlətɪ] (27887/22974)
Vocabulary: inflexibility
(once / 14432 pages)
n
The noun inflexibility refers to a lack of adaptability or inability to bend. Inflexibility is not a good trait for a gymnast.
The noun inflexibility can refer to a metaphorical inability to adapt or change shape. It is the quality of being rigid or not capable of being bent. Your inflexibility when setting rules for your kids is hampering your relationship with them because the older ones don't want to have the same curfews and bedtimes as the younger ones. Unless you want a mutiny on your hands, consider revising the rules to age-appropriate limits.
WORD FAMILY
inflexibility: inflexibilities+/ flex: flexed, flexes, flexible, flexing, flexure/ flexibility: flexibilities/ flexible: flexibility, flexibleness, flexibly, inflexible /flexure: flexures/ inflexible: inflexibility, inflexibleness, inflexiblest, inflexibly
USAGE EXAMPLES
But some investors see the inflexibility of the rules as another concerning sign of the political struggle of the eurozone to stay together.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 19, 2016)
This inflexibility, combined with real inequality, feeds exactly into a backlash against women and “immigrants”.
The Guardian(Oct 12, 2016)
Dogmatic inflexibility does not sit well with a generation of GOP sympathisers that, Blumencranz said, tend to describe themselves as fiscally conservative but socially liberal.
The Guardian(Sep 28, 2016)
Back: n. 不屈性，顽固，不变性; 不可弯曲; 非挠性; 刚性
分布：顽固(47%)，不变性(30%)，不屈曲性(23%)
n. 不屈性，缺乏弹性；顽固；不变性
 - stiffness, pertinacity

Word: impersonal
Front: impersonal
[ɪmˈpɜ:sənl] (托 12028/8797 -1)
Vocabulary: impersonal
(once / 1680 pages)
adj
If you're impersonal, you're neutral — you're not showing your feelings or your preference. If you choose people to be on your team by closing your eyes and pointing, that's impersonal — you're not picking your friends or the best players.
Impersonal can be good. An impersonal rejection is easier to take than one that specifies precisely why you, in particular, are a reject. But if your class is so impersonal, your teacher doesn't even know your name, that’s not good. A wedding that doesn't include details about the bride and groom would be impersonal and maybe more like a business meeting than a celebration. Impersonal comes from the Latin roots in- (or im-), "not," and personalis, "of a person."
WORD FAMILY
impersonal: impersonally+/depersonalise: depersonalisation, depersonalising/depersonalize: depersonalization, depersonalized, depersonalizing/ interpersonal: interpersonally/nonperson: nonpersons/ person: foreperson, nonperson, personable, personal, personhood, personify, persons, unperson/ personable: personableness, personabler, personably/ personal: impersonal, interpersonal, nonpersonal, personalise, personality, personalize, personally, personals/personalise: depersonalise, personalised, personalising/ personality: personalities/personalize: depersonalize, personalized, personalizes, personalizing/ personification: personifications/ personify: personification, personified, personifies, personifying/unperson: unpersons
USAGE EXAMPLES
Until that point, the movie suffers from literary-ism, a mode of direction that illustrates a set of events with a relentlessly expository, nearly impersonal tone.
The New Yorker(Dec 27, 2016)
Many of them also felt that a group setting was too impersonal to do that successfully.
Salon(Dec 24, 2016)
The film glimpses European fractures and follies through a personal story that remains as schematic and impersonal as a position paper.
The New Yorker(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 没有人情味的; 非个人的，和个人无关的; 不具人格的，一般性的; [语]非人称的
n. [语]非人称动词; 非人称代名词; 不具人格的事物
分布：客观的(42%)，没有人情味的(28%)，冷淡的(20%)，非特指某一人的(5%)，不受个人感情影响的(5%)
→im-,不，非，personal,人的，人情味的。引申词义客观的。
【记】im不，person（n 人，角色），al－没有个人感情的－冷淡的
US [-'pɝ:-] disapproving
adjective
■without human warmth and interest 没有人情味的；冷淡的
• Hospitals always seem such impersonal places - rows of identical beds in dull grey rooms. 医院看来总是很没有人情味——灰暗的房间中都是一排排一模一样的病床。
• She has a very cold and impersonal manner. 她的态度非常冷淡，没有人情味。
adj. 客观的；非个人的；没有人情味的；非人称的
 - objective

Word: incoherence
Front: incoherence
[ˌɪnkəʊ'hɪərəns] (25828/24408)
Back: n. 不连贯，语无伦次，无内聚力; 不连贯性
分布：松散的事物(34%)，无条理性(33%)，非相关性(33%)

Word: instigator
Front: instigator
[ˈɪnstɪgeɪtə(r)] (24607/20717)
Back: n. 煽动者
分布：煽动者(100%)
→来自instigate,唆使，煽动。
US [-tˌɚ] noun countable
■a person who causes something to happen, especially something bad （尤指坏事的）发起者；煽动者
• The instigators of the disturbance have not yet been identified. 目前还未确定谁是这次骚乱事件的煽动者。
n. 煽动者； [法] 教唆者
 - setter-on, rabble-rouser

Word: kindred
Front: kindred
[ 'kɪndrəd] (宝 18790/20308)
Vocabulary: kindred
(once / 555 pages)
nadj
Your kindred are your people. If you say are going to visit your kindred during the holidays, that means you are going to visit your relatives.
The word kindred can be used as either an adjective or a noun. The noun version is somewhat archaic — you are more likely to encounter this word in classic literature than in casual conversation. You may be more familiar with the adjective version of the word, which has gained popular usage in the term “kindred spirit” or “kindred soul,” which is used to describe those who share similar attitudes, characteristics, or beliefs.
WORD FAMILY
kindred: kindreds
USAGE EXAMPLES
Maybe he hopes Mr. Putin will see him as a kindred spirit: Big hombre, instinctive nationalist, zero use for liberals and their pieties.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
This sense of kindred spirits applies to the actors, too, as many of their colleagues insist.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
“We’re kindred spirits, for sure,” said Mr. Devereux, a professor at the Saïd Business School at the University of Oxford.
New York Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: [人名] 金德里德
分布：相似(30%)，同族的(22%)，亲戚关系(16%)，同类的(16%)，血缘的(11%)，家人和亲戚(5%)
→kin,亲戚，亲属，-red,名词后缀，词源同hundred,hatred,插入字母d,可能是受kind影响。
【记】kind（n 种类），red：身体里面都留着红色的血－同族的
【反】dissimilar（adj 不同的）
N-UNCOUNT
（统称）家人，亲属
Your kindred are your family, and all the people who are related to you.
例：The offender made proper restitution to the victim's kindred.违法者对受害人亲属给予了适当的补偿。
ADJ
类似的；相似的
Kindred things are similar to each other.
例：I recall many discussions with her on these and kindred topics.我回想起多次同她就这些问题及类似话题进行的讨论。
adj. [生物] 同类的；血缘的；同族的
 - congeneric, akin
n. 家族；相似；亲属关系
 - conformity, sept

Word: insoluble
Front: insoluble
[ɪnˈsɒljəbl] (宝 22195/14783)
Vocabulary: insoluble
(once / 3074 pages)
adj
Let a bottle of salad dressing stand on the table for a few hours and you will notice that it has separated into layers. That's because oil is insoluble or is not capable of being dissolved.
Insoluble comes from the Latin insolubilis meaning "that cannot be loosened." When a substance is insoluble, it cannot be dissolved or loosened in water. Similarly, a situation that is insoluble has no hope of being solved. When a marriage is beyond repair and cannot be fixed, it is insoluble.
WORD FAMILY
insoluble: insolubility, insolubly+/insolubility: insolubilities/ solubility: solubilities/ soluble: insoluble, solubility, solubleness, solubly, unsoluble
USAGE EXAMPLES
The difficulty, Justice Breyer suggested, was rooted in historical wrongs and was close to insoluble.
New York Times(Dec 05, 2016)
A few have shown promise, but the receptors repel water and are insoluble, making the vaccine harder to manufacture.
Science Magazine(Nov 14, 2016)
Most of a vegetable’s insoluble fibre is in its peel.
The Guardian(Oct 24, 2016)
Back: adj. 不能解决的，不溶的
分布：不能解决的(100%)
→in-,不，非，soluble,可溶解的。
【记】soluble（adj 可溶解的）根：solu松开，在水中松开－可溶解的
US [-'sɑ:l.jə-] adjective
PROBLEM 问题 (US also insolvable)
■(of a problem) so difficult that it is impossible to solve （问题）无法解决的
• Traffic congestion in large cities seems to be an insoluble problem. 大城市的交通堵塞问题似乎无法解决。
UK [ɪn'sɒl.jʊ.bl] US [-'sɑ:l.jə-] adjective
SUBSTANCE 物质
■(of a substance) impossible to dissolve （物质）不能溶解的
• These minerals are all insoluble in water. 这些矿物质都不溶于水。
adj. [化学] 不能解决的；不能溶解的；难以解释的
 - unsolvable, irresolvable

Word: likeness
Front: likeness
[ˈlaɪknəs] (六 10244/11671 -1)
Vocabulary: likeness
(once / 464 pages)
n
A likeness is a portrait, or a head-turning resemblance. George Washington’s likeness appears on the dollar bill. A potato might bear an uncanny likeness to my grandfather.
Likeness has nothing to do with liking someone or something––it’s all about what something looks like. It’s been in use since before the 12th century, when likenesses had to be drawn or painted, rather than snapped with a digital camera. If the only picture you had of your mom was one your brother drew, you would value it more if it was a good likeness, meaning it really looked “like” her.
WORD FAMILY
likeness: likenesses+/ dislike: dislikable, disliked, dislikes, disliking/ likable: likably/ like: dislike, likable, likeable, liked, likely, likeness, likes, likest, liking, unlike/likeable: likeably/ likelihood: likelihoods, unlikelihood/ likely: likelihood, likeliness, likelys, unlikely/liking: likings/unlike: unlikable, unlikeable, unlikeness/unlikelihood: unlikelihoods/unlikeliness: unlikelinesses/unlikely: unlikeliness/unlikeness: unlikenesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
The reason for his newfound celebrity: His likeness is featured in a mosaic there.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
That would be determining who gets their likeness on the wall.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Not in person, though — but rather in the form of his likeness, interpreted as a cartoon rooster statue in northern China.
Time(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 相象，相似; 外表; 照片，肖像
分布：相像(53%)，样子(37%)，相似物(10%)
→like,相似，-ness,名词后缀。
noun countable or uncountable
■being similar in appearance （外表的）相似，相近，近似
• There's a definite family likeness around the eyes. 很明显这家人眼睛长得都很像。
a good/remarkable, etc. likeness
■a painting or other representation of a person that looks very like them （人物肖像作品等）非常逼真，极其相像
likeness, similarity, resemblance, analogy
这组词都有“相似，类似”的意思，其区别是：
likeness: 普通用词，指人或物从外观看去，有很明显的相似之处，或完全相似。
similarity: 指不同的人或事物在外表、特征、程度或性质等方面有某些相似之处。
resemblance: 指外观或性质有相似之处。
analogy: 指外表或实质均不相同的事物对比之下的类似之处。
n. 相似，相像；样子，肖像；照片，画像；相似物
 - photo, picture, image, air, conformity

Word: malefactor
Front: malefactor
[ˈmælɪfæktə(r)] (宝 31301/36742)
Vocabulary: malefactor
(once / 3650 pages)
n
A malefactor has done something illegal and has been or will be convicted, such as the malefactor who was videotaped stealing money from a cash register.
To correctly pronounce malefactor, remember that the first syllable, mal rhymes with pal. A malefactor, however, is no friend you should have. Mal- comes from Latin and means "bad, evil," and facere means "to perform." A malefactor performs evil acts, or to put it a little less dramatically, does really bad things.
WORD FAMILY
malefactor: malefactors
USAGE EXAMPLES
The president’s abstention aligns America with the malefactors against whom the Senate is trying to raise awareness.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Today they compete to denounce the malefactors of great wealth.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
In one scene, it separates from the hero and wraps itself around one of his anonymous enemies, repeatedly slamming the malefactor’s head into the ground.
Slate(Nov 02, 2016)
Back: n. 犯罪分子
分布：坏人(64%)，犯人(18%)，罪人(18%)
→mal-,坏的，不良的，-fact,做，词源同do,fact.
US [-tɚ] noun countable formal
■a person who does bad or illegal things 作恶者，坏人；罪犯
n. 作恶者；罪犯；坏人
 - perpetrator, villain

Word: lawmaking
Front: lawmaking
['lɔ:ˌmeɪkɪŋ] (34143/-)
Back: n. 立法
分布：立法(100%)
n. 立法
 - legislation, lay down the law

Word: minion
Front: minion
[ˈmɪniən] (宝 20009/22222)
Vocabulary: minion
(once / 3596 pages)
n
Your minions, if you are lucky enough to have any, are those people who are devoted to you and entirely dependent on you. If you borrow money from a bully and don't pay it back, he might send one of his minions after you.
A minion is nothing more than a yes-man, a nameless faceless servant. It is a negative term implying that your only importance is from the person who orders you around. Corporate presidents may have minions to do their dirty work such as firing employees who have made a mistake. If a celebrity comes to town, minions will come ahead of time to make sure that everything is to the celebrity's liking.
WORD FAMILY
minion: minions
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I’m usually either the sidekick or the evil minion,” he said.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
Putin and his minions basically dismissed the first McClaren report commissioned by the World Anti-Doping Agency as unfounded and full of lies.
Washington Times(Dec 10, 2016)
More brands are launching blind packs featuring characters from children’s movies such as “Minions” or based on established toys such as Legos.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. <贬>奴颜婢膝的仆从; 走狗; 宠儿; 受人崇拜者
分布：奴才(49%)，下属(30%)，宠臣(21%)
→来自中古法语mignon,宠幸的人，宠臣，来自Proto-Germanic*mindijo,关心，关怀，来自men,思想，记忆，挂念，词源同mind,mania.在古代词义偏向于指娈童，男宠之类的仆从，如和珅，而非普通打杂的小厮。minion 走狗，宠儿，下属
仆人(minim+on→小人(仆人自称小人))[mini-表示"小"]
【记】mini迷你，on－迷你人物－奴才
【参】minnow（n 小鱼）；winnow（v 吹开糠皮；精选）；minority（n 少数；少数民族）
noun countable usually disapproving
■a person who only exists in order to do what another person orders them to do 奴才；仆从
• He sent one of his minions to do something about it. 他派其中一个仆从去处理那件事。
n. 奴才；宠臣
 - flunkey

Word: manifold
Front: manifold
[ˈmænɪfəʊld] (托雅宝 21492/19661)
Vocabulary: manifold
(once / 1190 pages)
adjnv
Manifold is a smarty-pants way to say "varied," "many," or "multiple." There are many good reasons to expand your vocabulary, so you could say the benefits of learning new words are manifold.
Manifold sounds like "many fold," which is what it is — something with many features, like a wallet with lots of folds so stuffed with junk that makes you sit funny when it's in your back pocket. As an adjective, manifold loves to appear in books, like Mrs. Gryce in Edith Wharton's "The House of Mirth," whose "domestic duties were manifold." As a noun, a manifold is a pipe branching into many openings, often found in car engines.
WORD FAMILY
manifold: manifolded, manifolding, manifoldly, manifolds
USAGE EXAMPLES
What’s important are less the individual neurons themselves than the manifold connections among them.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Lessons about civility — or the dearth thereof — in the Reagan era are manifold.
Washington Post(Dec 05, 2016)
Ibsen’s domestic dramas anatomized the manifold hypocrisies of the rising middle class.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 多种多样的; 多方面的; 有多种形式的; 有多种用途的
n. 具有多种形式的东西; 多支管; 歧管（汽车引擎用于进气或排气）
vt. 复写，复印; 增多; 使…多样化
时态：manifolded, manifolding, manifolds
分布：多方面的(45%)，多种(32%)，复印本(8%)，多种的(6%)，复写(3%)，增多(3%)，多支管(2%)，繁殖(1%)
→来自古英语manigfeald,即many fold,许多倍。
繁多的(mani=many)[-fold表形容词或副词"倍,双重"]
【记】mani＝many，fold（n 折叠）－多种多样的；繁多的
US [-foʊld] adjective formal
■many and of several different types 繁多的，多种多样的
• Despite her manifold faults, she was a strong leader. 尽管有许多缺点，她仍是个强而有力的领导人。
UK ['mæn.ɪ.fəʊld] US [-foʊld] noun countable specialized
■a pipe or closed space in a machine which has several openings, allowing liquids and gases to enter and leave 多支管；歧管
vt. 复写，复印；增多；使……多样化
 - copy
adj. 多方面的，有许多部分的；各式各样的
 - various, multi-faceted

Word: mechanisation

Word: morgue
Front: morgue
[mɔ:g] (12116/20917)
Vocabulary: morgue
(once / 5557 pages)
n
Most hospitals have an area called a morgue, where dead bodies are stored until they are buried or cremated.
After a person dies, that person's body is often placed in a morgue until it can be transported to a funeral home, church, or temple for a memorial service or funeral. Occasionally, a body needs to be identified by relatives, and that often happens in a morgue as well. Another word for morgue is mortuary. The word comes from the French La Morgue, which was one specific building in 1800s Paris. It replaced the much more blunt term "dead house."
WORD FAMILY
morgue: morgues
USAGE EXAMPLES
And there were emotional scenes in front of a city morgue where those shot dead were brought for identification.
Time(Jan 01, 2017)
He was later found in the morgue, shot to death, Mr. Granados said.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
As she listened to him now describe how he taught himself and practiced between shifts in the morgue, her eyes grew wide.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 太平间，停尸房
分布：陈尸所(50%)，资料室(50%)
US [mɔ:rg] noun countable mainly US for mortuary (= place where dead bodies are kept) 太平间，停尸房
n. [医] 陈尸所；资料室，资料档案
 - data room

Word: nutter
Front: nutter
[ˈnʌtə(r)] (36673/24036)
Back: n. 拾坚果的人，疯狂的人
分布：采集坚果的人(100%)
→来自nut, 坚果，疯子。
US ['nʌtˌ.ɚ] UK informal
noun countable
■someone who is mad, silly or strange 疯子；傻瓜；怪人
• He's a bit of a nutter. 他有点儿怪。
n. 疯子；拾坚果的人
 - nutcase, madman

Word: mollusc
Front: mollusc
[ˈmɒləsk] (-/17265)
Back: n. <动>软体动物
分布：软体动物(100%)
→来自拉丁语mollis,软的，词源同melt,-isc,形容词后缀，即-ish.瑞典生物学家林奈借用该拉丁词指软体动物门，如贝类。
软体动物(moll+usc可能来自husk"外壳")[moll=soft,表示"软"]
US ['mɑ:.ləsk] noun countable
■any animal which has a soft body, no spine and is often covered with a shell. Many molluscs live in water 软体动物
• Oysters are molluscs, as are snails and cuttlefish. 牡蛎是软体动物，蜗牛和乌贼也是。

Word: opulent
Front: opulent
[ˈɒpjələnt] (宝 16597/19337 -1)
Vocabulary: opulent
(once / 1590 pages)
adj
Opulent is a word that you will hear a lot around rich people looking to show off. "Remember the opulent buffet at Carrie’s sweet sixteen? Sixteen chocolate cakes iced in gold leaf!"
If you want to remember that opulent is a word describing lavish displays of wealth, you can think of the word opal to help you remember it––opal being a rare gem. And if you are lucky enough to be able to afford opulence yourself, don’t describe it that way. The word contains connotations of pretentious. And gold leaf cake aside, who wants that?
WORD FAMILY
opulent: opulence, opulently+/ opulence: opulences
USAGE EXAMPLES
The photos of opulent surroundings and the descriptions of fancy appetizers suggest to me that the journalists are being played.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
The director David McVicar’s opulent production of the opera is showing at the Opera House in February, conducted by Daniel Oren.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
At the opulent Kings Theater, the show was a meticulous, full-scale rock concert; the most satisfyingly varied of the three.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 富裕的; 豪华的; <正>富足的; 繁茂的
分布：富裕的(75%)，充足的(25%)
→来自拉丁语opulentus,富有的，来自op,努力，劳作，创作，词源同opus,operate.词义由工作，创作引申为作品，财富等。
【记】opu大，多，lent一富裕的
【参】opus（n 音乐大作品）
US ['ɑ:.pjʊ-] adjective
■expensive and luxurious 奢华的；豪华的；奢侈的
• an opulent lifestyle 奢侈的生活方式
• an opulent hotel 豪华的饭店
adj. 丰富的；富裕的；大量的
 - abundant, massive, extensive, substantial, macro

Word: ovary
Front: ovary
[ˈəʊvəri] (14981/21287 -1)
Back: n. [解]卵巢; [植]子房
分布：卵巢(100%)
→来自拉丁语ovum,卵，蛋，来自oyyo,卵，蛋，词源同egg.用于指卵巢。
US ['oʊ-] noun countable
■either of the pair of organs in a woman's body which produce eggs, or the part of any female animal or plant that produces eggs or seeds （女性或雌性动物的）卵巢；（雌性植物的）子房
n. [植] 子房； [解剖] 卵巢
 - germen, ootheca

Word: ordnance
Front: ordnance
[ˈɔ:dnəns] (宝 19095/9945 -1)
Vocabulary: ordnance
(once / 1843 pages)
n
Ordnance is another word for military supplies, like guns, rockets, or armor. When a country is at war, it needs a lot of ordnance.
The average person has probably never heard of ordnance. In fact, an ordinary person would have some explaining to do if they had ordnance, because it refers to military supplies. The word ordinance for “command” lost an i in the 1500’s and became ordnance, meaning “military materials.” Both words go with war — a command to shoot requires ordnance, or something to shoot with. Ordnance helps soldiers fight and protect them. You can’t go to war without ordnance.
WORD FAMILY
ordnance: ordnances
USAGE EXAMPLES
On how many countries is U.S. ordnance falling at the moment?
Salon(Dec 15, 2016)
A lot of the ordnance used in Syria are dumb bombs rather than the precision weapons Western forces use to avoid civilian casualties.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 15, 2016)
The area was being cleared for unexploded ordnance at the time of the discovery, he said.
Washington Times(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: n. 大炮; 军械（如弹药、军车等）; 军用品，军需品; 军械署
分布：军械(40%)，军需品(22%)，大炮(20%)，军械署(18%)
→来自ordinance的拼写截短形式。词义由命令引申为军事安排，排兵布阵，军事物资供给，后用于指武器，军械，大炮等。词义演变比较munition,artillery.
【记】ord＝order以后才能开ordnance
N-UNCOUNT
军需品；军备物资；（尤指）武器，军械
Ordnance refers to military supplies, especially weapons.
例：...a team clearing an area littered with unexploded ordnance.在四处留有未爆炸武器的地区排爆的小组
例：...the Royal Ordnance factory at Chorley.乔利的皇家兵工厂
n. 军火；大炮； [军] 军械署
 - Cannons, ammo

Word: obstructionism
Front: obstructionism
[əbˈstrʌkʃənɪzəm] (32613/44863)
Vocabulary: obstructionism
(once / 20033 pages)
n
Obstructionism is when someone deliberately slows down a process, especially in politics or the law. In several countries, legislators sometimes engage in obstructionism when they walk very, very slowly to a podium to cast their votes.
One of the most well-known tools of political obstructionism is the filibuster, which can be employed responsibly but is often used simply to delay or even prevent voting on a controversial bill. When a US Senator filibusters, they extend the debate on a bill by talking for a very long time, a process that's sometimes called "talking a bill to death." Obstructionism comes from obstruction, or "barrier," from the Latin obstruere, "block or hinder."
WORD FAMILY
obstructionism: obstructionist+/ obstruct: obstructed, obstructer, obstructing, obstruction, obstructive, obstructor, obstructs/ obstructed: unobstructed /obstructer: obstructers/ obstruction: obstructionism, obstructions/obstructionist: obstructionists/ obstructive: obstructively/obstructor: obstructors/ unobstructed: unobstructedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Security Council, and Syrian government obstructionism on the ground, a trademark of both parties, respectively.
Time(Dec 14, 2016)
“We will bring forth a violent obstructionism. There’s no chance of cooperation,” says Toninelli.
Time(Dec 14, 2016)
Mr. Obama accepts only so much responsibility for that, faulting Republican obstructionism.
New York Times(Nov 12, 2016)
Back: n. 故意妨碍议案通过
分布：蓄意阻挠(80%)，妨碍议程的手段(20%)
[əb'strʌk.ʃən.ɪ.zəm] disapproving
noun uncountable
■when someone intentionally stops or delays an official process 蓄意阻挠

Word: overuse
Front: overuse
[ˌəʊvəˈju:z] (18872/39845)
Vocabulary: overuse
(once / 15676 pages)
vn
To overuse something is to use it too much. If you use your cell phone way too often, texting your friends all day long and playing online Scrabble all night, you overuse it.
You'll drive your English teacher crazy if you overuse the word like, and you'll rack up all kinds of extra fees if you overuse your iPad. Overuse is also a noun (with a slightly different pronunciation, just as the noun use sounds different from the verb use) — extravagant or excessive use is overuse. The world's overuse of fossil fuels contributes to the rapid warming of the planet.
WORD FAMILY
overuse: overused, overuses, overusing+/ disuse: disused, disuses/misuse: misused, misuses, misusing/ reuse: reusable, reused, reuses, reusing/ usable: unusable, usability, usableness/ usage: ill-usage, usages/usance: usances/ use: disuse, ill-use, misuse, overuse, reuse, usable, usage, usance, useable, used, useed, useful, useless, user, uses, using/useable: unuseable, useableness/ used: ill-used, unused, useder/ useful: usefuler, usefulest, usefully, usefulness/usefully: usefullys/usefulness: unusefulness, usefulnesss/ useless: uselesser, uselessest, uselessly, uselessness/ user: users/using: usings
USAGE EXAMPLES
If their arms fail to bounce back in 2017, critics, including Chapman himself, will point to overuse this autumn.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
The phrase “turning point” is overused, but future historians are likely to view the year 2016 as exactly that.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
“Over the summer, I was hugely motivated,” said Phillips, who likely suffered his back issues from overuse training and participating at nationals.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: vt. 使用过度
时态：overused, overusing, overuses
分布：过度使用(100%)
US [ˌoʊ.və˞-/
■to use something too often or too much 过度使用；使用…太多；滥用
• I tend to overuse certain favourite expressions. 我往往会滥用一些爱用的表达方式。
noun uncountable UK [ˌəʊ.vəˈjuːs] US [ˌoʊ.və˞-/
■when something is used too often or too much 过度使用；使用…太多；滥用
• The overuse of X-rays may be causing 250 deaths each year. X射线的过度使用，每年可能会导致250人死亡。

Word: patagonia

Word: polyester
Front: polyester
[ˌpɒliˈestə(r)] (13270/12984 -1)
Vocabulary: polyester
(once / 20170 pages)
n
Polyester is a synthetic fabric used in everything from kayaks to shirts. Polyester clothes were popular in the 1970s, but they stink if you disco dance in them for too long. Polyester doesn’t breathe!
You might think of polyester as a cheap alternative to a natural fabric like wool, silk, or cotton. In certain situations, though, polyester is ideal. Shirts that are a blend of cotton and polyester, for example, don't wrinkle easily; and a sofa covered in polyester is easy to clean. Polyester jackets are often quick drying or even waterproof. Polyester comes from a combination of two common words in chemistry, polymer (having many parts) and -ester (a chemical compound).
WORD FAMILY
polyester: polyesters
USAGE EXAMPLES
Her clothing style was refined professionalism — affordable polyester and discreet darts.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
It would produce annually up to 1.8 million tons of ethylene, a polyester component in clothing, bottles and construction materials.
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Its machines turn polyester and other synthetic fibers into custom-designed threads.
New York Times(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: n. 聚酯
分布：聚酯(75%)，涤纶(25%)
→来自polymer,聚合物，ester,酯。
US [ˌpɑ:.li'es.tɚ] noun uncountable
■a type of artificial cloth 聚酯纤维；尼龙
• a polyester shirt 聚酯纤维衬衫

Word: precept
Front: precept
[ˈpri:sept] (宝 13906/14293)
Vocabulary: precept
(once / 691 pages)
n
A precept is a rule or direction, often with some religious basis, dictating a way you should act or behave.
Precepts are little life lessons that are usually passed down to children by authority figures such as parents, teachers, or religious figures. They are not as simple or practical as "eat your vegetables"; they tend to be more weighty and pretentious. In Hamlet, the character Polonius dished out a few choice precepts to his son Laertes: "neither a borrower nor a lender be" and "give every man thy ear, but few thy voice." Of course Laertes never lived long enough to benefit from Polonius's sage advice, since Hamlet offed him with his own poisoned blade.
WORD FAMILY
precept: precepts
USAGE EXAMPLES
His Rule of St. Benedict, a series of teachings for monks, formed the basic precepts for thousands of monasteries in Europe.
New York Times(Nov 30, 2016)
“They are all unjust acts by a traditional society, far more restrictive than what is lawfully allowed by the precepts of religion.”
The Guardian(Nov 30, 2016)
But it would be perverse to apply that precept only to Cuba.
Washington Post(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: n. 规诫，戒律，箴言
时态：precepted, precepting, precepts
分布：训诫(45%)，规则(45%)，道德箴言(10%)
→pre-,在前，早于，-cept,拿，握，持有，词源同accept,capable.引申词义规范，准则。
规范;格言(pre+cept拿→以前拿好的[名言]→格言)[pre-表示"…前的,预先"]
箴言[cap,capt,cept,ceive,cip,cup=take,hold,seize,表示"拿,抓,握住"]
【记】pre预先，cept采取，拿住－预先接受的话是格言；预先采取的是原则
【区】percept（n 感觉的东西）
['pri:.sept] formal
noun countable
■a rule for action or behaviour, especially obtained from moral thought （尤指道德方面的）戒律，规矩，准则
• This policy goes against common precepts of decency. 这项政策违反了公认的行为准则。
n. 规则；格言；训诫；命令
 - instruction, regulation, order, bidding, word

Word: pompous
Front: pompous
[ˈpɒmpəs] (雅宝 17023/11603 -1)
Vocabulary: pompous
(once / 1218 pages)
adj
A pompous person is arrogant or conceited. He'll walk into a party with an inflated ego, ready to tell anyone who will listen that "I'm kind of a big deal."
Today we associate the adjective pompous with self-important jerks. But it's actually derived from the Old French pompeux, which meant “stately." And that's why you can also use pompous to describe something with a lot of ceremonial or stately display — in other words, something surrounded by "pomp and circumstance."
WORD FAMILY
pompous: pomposity, pompously, pompousness, unpompous+/ pomp: pompous, pomps/ pomposity: pomposities
USAGE EXAMPLES
He’s pompous and charming and hedonistic and empathetic all at once - but glaringly disconnected from the people he writes about and for.
Washington Times(Dec 06, 2016)
Hollywood teems with pompous self-appointed kings ruling their fiefs as they see fit.
New York Times(Nov 22, 2016)
This may sound pompous, but it happens to be the truth.
The Guardian(Nov 05, 2016)
Back: adj. 浮华的，华而不实的; 高傲的，自大的
分布：自大的(62%)，傲慢的(21%)，浮华的(17%)
→来自pomp,炫耀，捧场。比喻用法。
【记】pomp（n 壮丽；夸耀）象声词，源于：壮丽的队伍行进时的礼炮声。
US ['pɑ:m-] disapproving
adjective
■too serious and full of importance 妄自尊大的，自以为是的
• He's a pompous old prig who's totally incapable of taking a joke. 他是个傲慢自负、一本正经的老头，根本开不起玩笑。
• He can sometimes sound a bit pompous when he talks about acting. 他谈起表演来有时会显得有点自负。
adj. 自大的；浮夸的；华而不实的；爱炫耀的
 - arrogant, purple

Word: potash
Front: potash
[ˈpɒtæʃ] (托 33468/27463)
Back: n. 碳酸钾，苛性钾; 钾碱
分布：碳酸钾(57%)，钾碱(34%)，草碱(9%)
→来自pot,罐，ash,灰。即罐子里面存放的草木灰，为古代制作碱的方法。
US ['pɑ:t-] noun uncountable
■a white powder containing potassium which is put on the earth to make crops grow better 钾碱，碳酸钾，草碱
n. [无化] 碳酸钾；草碱；苛性钾；钾化合物
 - potassium carbonate

Word: presley

Word: progeny
Front: progeny
[ˈprɒdʒəni] (托宝 16855/19406)
Vocabulary: progeny
(once / 2698 pages)
n
Progeny means "offspring" or "children." You and your brothers are the progeny of your parents, and your cat's new litter of kittens is her progeny.
Synonyms for progeny include descendants, product, and offspring, so you're also your grandparents' and great-grandparents' progeny. And, if your pet goat has babies every spring, you'll get to raise dozens of her progeny. Plants have progeny too — blow the fluffy seeds of a dandelion in your yard and its progeny can multiply, summer after summer, until your lawn is full of cheerful yellow flowers.
WORD FAMILY
progeny: progenies
USAGE EXAMPLES
But gene-drive technology tilts the odds, so that a specific change to one allele is inherited by a higher proportion of progeny.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
Poverty in developing countries and the rampant illegal wildlife trade is the progeny of the lot.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
Wherever they end up, the ones from the high-arm, hand-holding community then teach this endearing posture to their own progeny.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 子孙; 后裔; 结果; 结局
分布：子孙(74%)，结果(26%)
→来自pro-,向前，朝向，-gen,生育，词源同gene,generate.-y,小词后缀。引申词义子孙。
子孙,后代(pro向前+geny→向前产生→生命向前→子孙)[gen,gener,genit=birth,produce,表示"出生,产生"]
【记】pro前，gen产生，y－前人所生下的－后代
US ['prɑ:.dʒə-] formal
plural noun
■the young or offspring of a person, animal or plant （人或动植物的）后代，后裔
• His numerous progeny are scattered all over the country. 他有很多后裔，遍布在全国各地。
n. 子孙；后裔；成果
 - production, child, feedback, outcome, seed

Word: prevaricate
Front: prevaricate
[prɪˈværɪkeɪt] (托宝 39840/22985)
Vocabulary: prevaricate
(once / 6459 pages)
v
When you prevaricate, you lie or mislead. Now, go ahead and tell me whether you already knew that meaning, and don’t prevaricate about it — give me the story straight!
While prevaricate basically means to lie, it also has the sense of making it hard to know exactly what the lie was. You talk in a confusing way, go back and forth, and as deliberately as possible mislead someone. Government officials, bureaucrats, and sneaky types prevaricate in the hopes that it will be too difficult to figure out whether they've been doing something wrong. Don't prevaricate with your parents — it will definitely make you look guilty, but they just won't be sure of what!
WORD FAMILY
prevaricate: prevaricated, prevaricates, prevaricating, prevarication, prevaricator+/ prevarication: prevarications/prevaricator: prevaricators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Well, I can wait no longer sit by and diddle while my fellow media figures prevaricate and whinge.
Salon(Oct 27, 2016)
But the state continues to waver and prevaricate.
The New Yorker(Oct 21, 2016)
While prominent Republicans across the state and nation denounced Trump’s behavior in the video, Hutchison prevaricated.
Seattle Times(Oct 10, 2016)
Back: vi. 支吾; 搪塞; 说谎
n. 推诿的人; 撒谎的人
时态：prevaricated, prevaricating, prevaricates
分布：搪塞(82%)，支吾其辞(18%)
→pre-,在前，早于，预先，-var,改变，词源同vary,variouss.比喻用法。
说谎;支吾(pre预先+vari+cate→预先想好了变化之词→说谎)[uari=uary,change,表示"变化"]
【记】pre前，varic＝vary变化，ate－提前想好变化之词－支吾其词
【参】prevision（n 先见）；vision（n 视力）；preview（n /v,事先查看）
US [-'ver-] formal
verb intransitive
■to avoid telling the truth or saying exactly what you think 支吾，搪塞，含糊其词；顾左右而言他
• He accused the minister of prevaricating. 他指责部长一味搪塞。
vi. 搪塞；支吾其辞，闪烁其辞
 - fence with, tergiversate

Word: pyrrhic
Front: pyrrhic
['pɪrɪk] (31267/35854)
Vocabulary: pyrrhic
(once / 30700 pages)
1adjn 2adjn
Use the adjective pyrrhic to describe a victory that is won, but at too great a cost. In this use as an adjective, the word is often capitalized.
The word pyrrhic comes from the Greek general, Pyrrhus, who defeated the Romans at the Battle of Asculum but lost so many troops that he couldn't defeat Rome itself. If you are the winner in an argument with your brother, but the fight ends up ruining your relationship with him, it's a Pyrrhic victory. An ancient Greek war dance is also called a pyrrhic.
WORD FAMILY
pyrrhic: pyrrhically, pyrrhics
USAGE EXAMPLES
Generals who fought in Iraq and Afghanistan to anything but victory — pyrrhic ones don’t count — are again being empowered.
Salon(Dec 22, 2016)
The cartel cannot declare even Pyrrhic victory from the past two years.
Economist(Dec 01, 2016)
But it will be a pyrrhic victory at best.
Washington Post(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: n. 出征舞，抑抑格
adj. 出征舞的，抑抑格的
分布：付出极大代价而获得的(67%)，二短音步(33%)

Word: regionally
Front: regionally
['ri:dʒənəlɪ] (18566/20911)
Back: adv. 地方的，地域性的
分布：地域性的(50%)，地方的(50%)
ADJ
地区的；区域的
Regional is used to describe things which relate to a particular area of a country or of the world.
例：...the autonomous regional government of Andalucia.安达卢西亚自治区政府
例：...concern about regional security...对地区安全的担忧

Word: saliva
Front: saliva
[səˈlaɪvə] (研托宝 11532/15518 -1)
Back: n. 唾液，口水; 津; 吐沫; 涎
分布：唾液(100%)
→来自拉丁语 saliva,痰，词源不详。可能来自 sal,污垢，污物，脏的，词源同 sallow,脏的， 土黄色的。
【记】Sali三立，va：马三立在说单口相声的时候满嘴喷吐沫－口水
noun uncountable
■the liquid produced in your mouth to keep the mouth wet and to help to prepare food for digestion 唾液，涎，口水
n. [生理] 唾液；涎
 - slabber, sputum

Word: scrimp
Front: scrimp
[skrɪmp] (27232/35848)
Vocabulary: scrimp
(once / 17721 pages)
v
When you scrimp, you get by on very little money. If you scrimp all year long in order to buy tickets to the Stanley Cup finals, you save every last penny to be able to go to those games.
If you scrimp, yes, you are watching every dime trying to spend as little as you can — for the purpose of saving your money. Maybe you walk everywhere to avoid paying for a bus ride, or you make your friends cut your hair. Scrimp looks like shrink and scrape and that's the goal: shrinking the amount of money you spend to scrape together some savings, for a specific purpose or just the security of having money in the bank.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
scrimp / skimp
These words are two sides of the same coin: ways to get more or to make something go further. One side is about saving; the other is about spending less.
Scrimp is the saving side of the coin. As an adjective, it means meager, scanty. To scrimp is to be sparing with or thrifty; to save slowly and with difficulty.
Many arts and physical education programs landed on the chopping block, while schools often were forced to scrimp and improvise in bizarre ways.
And the university has been scrimping even on bare necessities--like vacuuming the floors.
Skimp, which most likely derives from scrimp, is the spending-less side of the coin. As an adjective, it also means meager or barely enough. To skimp is to give barely enough or to save by getting barely enough.
One came out just last week showing that people who skimp on sleep seem to have higher blood cholesterol than people who sleep more.
Although this should be a standard part of everyone's holiday preparation, too many people skimp on having time for themselves.
Yet the idiom is to scrimp and save. But, then, idioms do not necessarily mean the same as the sum of their parts:
But many indigent parents still scrimp and save just to send their children to school, hoping that their kids will have shot at success.
The difference between scrimp and skimp is slight, and if the news media is any indication, even that is disappearing quickly.
WORD FAMILY
scrimp: scrimped, scrimping, scrimps
USAGE EXAMPLES
Chevy scrimps, though, with the single-zone climate control, smallish sunroof and tepid Bose audio system.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
"You're panicking about your financial situation. You scrimp and save - you learn how to make a really good meal with beans and toast."
BBC(Nov 30, 2016)
Struggling to cope with price increases, some Egyptians are scrimping on meals, buying used clothes or considering moving their children to cheaper schools.
Seattle Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: vi. （较平时）节省着过日子; 一点一滴地省钱; 吝啬; 克扣
vt. 节省，节缩，过度减少
时态：scrimped, scrimping, scrimps
分布：节省(57%)，过度缩减(26%)，吝啬(17%)
→来自 scrimp,缩写的，不足的，来自 Proto-Germanic*skrimp,收缩，缩小，来自 sker,弯， 转，词源同 shrink,shrimp.引申动词词义节省，缩紧等。
verb intransitive
■to save money by spending less than is necessary to reach an acceptable standard 过度缩减开支
• There is a risk that the debt-ridden airline may be tempted to scrimp on maintenance or security. 风险是债台高筑的航空公司可能会想在维修或安检上缩减开支。
scrimp and save
■If you scrimp and save, you manage to live on very little money in order to pay for something. 省吃俭用，节衣缩食
• I've been scrimping and saving all year to pay for our holiday. 我一整年都在为这次度假而省吃俭用。
vt. 节省；过度缩减；克扣
 - economize on, save on
vi. 精打细算；吝啬
 - pinch pennies, scrape and screw
adj. 吝啬的；不足的
 - short, tight, insufficient, deficient, lacking

Word: slacker
Front: slacker
[ˈslækə(r)] (27709/-)
Vocabulary: slacker
(once / 9366 pages)
n
A slacker is someone who can't be relied on to do a job or finish a project. If you're looking for the slacker in your family, you'll probably find him on the couch.
Nobody wants a slacker on their soccer team. Slackers avoid effort of any kind, putting work off or getting someone else to do it for them. While slacker is commonly thought of as a word from the 1990s — there was even a movie called Slackers made in 1991 — it's actually been around since at least the late 1800s. In the early 20th century, Sudanese workers protested their lack of voice and power by slacking, or working very slowly.
WORD FAMILY
slacker: slackers+/ slack: slacked, slacken, slacker, slackest, slacking, slackly, slackness, slacks/ slacken: slackened, slackening, slackens/slackening: slackenings/slackness: slacknesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
This is all true but in the Calvinist-Puritan work ethic of America, naps, vacations, and breaks signify moral sloth and brands you as a slacker.
New York Times(Feb 09, 2013)
Fans of the slacker comedy “Broad City,” in other words, were not sticking around to watch “The Seventh Seal.”
The New Yorker(Nov 30, 2016)
“But they could use some more work on cleaning up. We had a couple of slackers.”
Washington Times(Nov 12, 2016)
Back: n. <非正>逃避工作的人，偷懒的人; 懒鬼
adj. 松（弛）的( slack的比较级 ); 清淡的; 不活跃的; 懈怠的
分布：偷懒的人(58%)，逃避兵役者(42%)
→slack,松懈的，懒散的，-er,人。
US [-ɚ] informal disapproving
noun countable
■a person who does not work hard enough 偷懒的人
• Those slackers have gone home early again. 那些懒鬼又提前回家了。
n. 懒鬼；逃避兵役者
 - sleepyhead, sluggard

Word: snooze
Front: snooze
[snu:z] (21084/33080)
Vocabulary: snooze
(once / 8704 pages)
vn
When you snooze, you take a quick nap during the day. Nobody snoozes for too long though, because then you’d just call it "sleeping."
Maybe you’ve fallen asleep in class before, dozed off while watching a movie, or snoozed for a minute while learning some new vocabulary. Wake up, sleepyhead! Snoozing is a light type of sleep, probably without dreams even. If you like reading at the beach, make sure you’re wearing sunscreen in case you snooze off.
WORD FAMILY
snooze: snoozed, snoozes, snoozing
USAGE EXAMPLES
During Juniper’s short morning snooze, we dressed and plotted next moves.
Washington Post(Dec 06, 2016)
Full and fatigued, they retreat to sheltered “resting bays” along the heavily trafficked Kona coast, where they normally snooze and quietly schmooze during the day.
Science Magazine(Dec 01, 2016)
McPherson is right about the “snoozing and losing” fitness fast.
Washington Post(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: vi. 小睡，打盹，打瞌睡
n. 小睡
时态：snoozed, snoozing, snoozes
分布：打盹儿(82%)，懒散着打发掉日子(18%)
→来自辅音丛 sn-,鼻子，闻，嗅，发鼻音，比较 sneer,snore,snicker,sniff,snuff.引申词义小睡， 打盹。
[snu:z] informal
verb intransitive
■to sleep lightly for a short while 打盹，小睡
• The dog's snoozing in front of the fire. 那只狗在炉火前打瞌睡。
n. 小睡；打盹儿
 - nap, beauty sleep
vi. 小睡；打盹
 - caulk off, nod off

Word: spatter
Front: spatter
[ˈspætə(r)] (18656/21433)
Back: vt. & vi. 溅，洒落
n. 泼; 洒、溅等的声音
时态：spattered, spattering, spatters
分布：溅(47%)，洒(20%)，滴下(17%)，泼溅的污迹(11%)，诬蔑(5%)
US ['spæ.ɚ] verb intransitive or transitive
■to drop small drops of liquid, etc. on a surface, or (of liquid) to fall, especially noisily, in small drops 溅，洒落；（液体）溅落，滴下
• Two bikes raced by and spattered mud over our clothes. 两辆脚踏车疾驶而过，溅得我们衣服上满是泥浆。
• The bikes spattered them with mud. 脚踏车溅了他们一身泥浆。
• They could hear raindrops spattering on the roof of the caravan. 他们可以听见雨滴劈里啪啦打在大篷车车顶上。
n. 溅；洒；泼溅的污迹；少量
 - bit, ounce
vt. 溅；洒；污蔑
 - splash, besprinkle

Word: spanner
Front: spanner
[ˈspænə(r)] (37163/15115 -1)
Vocabulary: spanner
(once / 42516 pages)
n
A spanner is a type of adjustable wrench. Outside of North America, spanner is just another word for “wrench.” If Americans want to ruin something, they “throw a wrench into it.” British people “throw a spanner in the works.”
If you've ever needed to assemble something — like bookshelves — and needed to tighten or loosen a bolt, you probably needed a spanner. A spanner is a type of wrench with an opening and sometimes little teeth: you can clasp it over the nut or bolt and get a good grip. In the US, the main difference between a spanner and other wrenches is the spanner is adjustable and works with many sizes of nuts and bolts.
WORD FAMILY
spanner: spanners
USAGE EXAMPLES
And there is another big spanner in the works: the US constitution has a provision that could potentially make life difficult for Mr Trump.
BBC(Nov 10, 2016)
Again, that also means more chances to vote and it also gives MPs and peers an opportunity to throw a spanner into the works.
BBC(Oct 12, 2016)
The International Monetary Fund has already cut its forecast for global growth after Brexit threw "a spanner in the works".
Reuters(Jul 22, 2016)
Back: n. 扳手，扳子; 用指距测量的人
分布：扳手(100%)
→来自 span,拃，扎牢，缚住，-er,表物。引申词义扳手，扳钳等。
US [-ɚ] UK (US wrench)
noun countable
■a metal tool with a shaped end, used to turn nuts and bolts 扳手，扳子
• an open-ended/adjustable/ring spanner 开口／活动／梅花扳手
UK ['spæn.ər] US [-ɚ] UK (US wrench)
noun countable
put / throw a spanner in the works (US throw a (monkey) wrench in the works)
■to do something that prevents a plan or activity from succeeding 从中捣乱；破坏计划
• The funding for the project was withdrawn so that really threw a spanner in the works. 企划案的资金被撤回，这真的打乱了计划。
n. [机] 扳手；螺丝扳手；测量器；用手掌量的人
 - wrench, measurer

Word: squall
Front: squall
[skwɔ:l] (托宝 19648/21120)
Vocabulary: squall
(once / 1274 pages)
1v 2nv
A squall is a powerful, usually brief, burst of wind that usually brings rain or snow with it. When a snow squall blows across the mountain, skiers take a break in the ski lodge.
A squall is a violent, windy storm, often involving driving rain or snow. You can also describe a storm-like commotion as a squall, or the sound a wailing child or baby makes. In this case, you're using onomatopoeia, or a word that sounds like what it describes. Squall was originally a nautical word, used primarily by sailors to talk about weather at sea.
WORD FAMILY
squall: squalled, squalling, squalls, squally
USAGE EXAMPLES
But the squalls of opposition will be fierce.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
Over the next year Congress and the new Administration will be preoccupied with daily squalls and the rough and tumble of passing legislation.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 01, 2016)
Donald Trump’s presidential transition hit a squall this week over his potential selection of Mitt Romney as Secretary of State.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: n. 飑; 号啕，高声喊叫
vt. 号啕，尖叫
时态：squalled, squalling, squalls
分布：狂风(49%)，尖叫(23%)，暴风雪(10%)，哇哇器声(6%)，狂风吹袭(6%)，哇哇地叫嚷(6%)
【记】squ压，all：镇压所有人的东西－骚动，风暴
US [skwɑ:l] noun countable
STRONG WIND 强风
■a sudden strong wind or short storm 飑（指突起的狂风或短时的风暴）
• Violent squalls signalled the approach of the hurricane. 狂飑意味着飓风即将到来。
UK [skwɔ:l] US [skwɑ:l] noun countable
SHOUT 喊叫
■a loud sharp noise 大声啼哭，号哭
UK [skwɔ:l] US [skwɑ:l] verb intransitive
■(especially of a baby) to make a loud sharp noise （尤指婴儿）大声啼哭，号哭
vi. 嚎啕；尖叫
 - pipe, scream
n. 暴风；麻烦；高声哭喊；尖叫
 - trouble, headache, hurricane

Word: stolid
Front: stolid
[ˈstɒlɪd] (宝 22932/23276)
Vocabulary: stolid
(once / 1317 pages)
adj
A stolid person can’t be moved to smile or show much sign of life, in much the same way as something solid, like a giant boulder, is immovable. Both are expressionless.
It's hard to get excited about the word stolid. It refers to emotionless people or things, and it even sounds pretty dull. Your face may be stolid, as you plod through the unemotional history of the word born in the 17th century of little more than Latin words for "foolish." In some definitions, stolid does have more complimentary synonyms, such as "dependable" or "calm," but these can be overshadowed by other words for stolid — "empty," "blank," and "vacant," to name a few.
WORD FAMILY
stolid: stolidest, stolidity, stolidly, stolidness+/stolidity: stolidities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ohio was once the home of the Old Guard, Main Street, county Chamber of Commerce Republican Party: stolid, sober, civil, fiscally conservative, socially enlightened.
New York Times(Nov 15, 2016)
As Diesel, Cook is both stolid and volatile, his depraved earnestness joining principle and duty, will and obligation.
The New Yorker(Nov 12, 2016)
Beneath their calm, stolid exteriors may lurk something dark, brooding, even sinister.
Wall Street Journal(Oct 21, 2016)
Back: adj. <贬>不动感情的; 不关心的; 淡漠的; 无动于衷的
分布：冷漠的(39%)，不易激动的(38%)，神经麻木的(23%)
→来自拉丁语 stolidus,冷漠的，迟钝的，无动于衷的，字面意思为站着不动的，来自 stel, 放置，站立，词源同 stand,still,stultify.
【记】源于：stoic（n 高度自制者）
【反】excitable（adj 能被激起的；易激动的）
US ['stɑ:.lɪd] slightly disapproving
adjective
■(of a person) calm and not showing emotion or excitement, or (of a thing) not interesting or attractive （人）不动感情的，淡漠的，无动于衷的；（事物）索然无趣的
• He's a very stolid, serious man. 他是个极度一本正经且喜怒不形于色的人。
• The college is a stolid-looking building with no lawn. 这所学院外观呆板，连草坪都没有。
adj. 迟钝的；缺乏热情的；冷漠的
 - distant, slow

Word: stereo
Front: stereo
[ˈsteriəʊ] (研六雅 6158/8025 -2)
Back: adj. 立体声的; 有立体感的
n. 立体声; 立体声系统; 铅板; 立体系统或立体像片
分布：立体声(90%)，立体声的(7%)，有立体视觉的(2%)，固定形象(1%)
→缩写自 stereophonic,立体声的。
n.立体声音响;立体声装置n./a.立体声(的)I like the stereo music program of FM 97.4.我喜欢调频97.4的立体声音乐节目.
US [-oʊ] noun
uncountable
■a way of recording or playing sound so that it is separated into two signals and produces more natural sound 立体声
• The concert will be broadcast in stereo. 音乐会将用立体声播放。
countable
■a piece of electrical equipment for playing CDs and tapes, listening to the radio, etc. that sounds very natural because the sounds come out of two speakers (= parts for playing sound) 立体声音响，立体声唱机
n. [声] 立体声；立体声系统； [印刷] 铅版；立体照片
 - dimensional sound
adj. [声] 立体的；立体声的；立体感觉的
 - solid, tridimensional

Word: tavern
Front: tavern
[ˈtævən] (托 8828/10667 -1)
Vocabulary: tavern
(once / 534 pages)
n
A tavern is a pub or a bar, often one that rents upstairs rooms to travelers.
The word tavern is most popular in the New England region of the United States, where many taverns date back as far as the 1600's and 1700's. A tavern is a drinking establishment that rents rooms — in England, it's much more common to call such a place an "inn." The earliest, thirteenth century meaning of tavern was "wine shop," and by the 1400's it meant "public house or inn." The root word is the Latin taberna, "hut, shop, or inn."
WORD FAMILY
tavern: taverns
USAGE EXAMPLES
José Andrés is moving America Eats Tavern, his ode to historic American recipes, from Tysons Corner to Georgetown next year.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
The lodge housed the resort’s business offices as well as the Southwest Grill and Fireplace Tavern dining areas.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
After her mother remarried a builder and tavern owner, they started a new family.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 小旅馆，客栈; 酒馆
分布：酒馆(77%)，客栈(23%)
→来自古法语 taverna,酒馆，旅店，来自拉丁语 taberna,帐篷，酒馆，旅店，异化自*traberna, 屋梁，柱子，来自 treb,居住，聚居，屋梁，词源同 trave,thorp,troop.拼写比较 tornado, 来自西班牙语 tronada,异化自拉丁语 tonare,词源同 thunder.
US [-ɚn] old use
noun countable
■a place where alcohol is sold and drunk 小酒店
n. [建] 酒馆；客栈
 - hotel, pub

Word: tam
Front: tam
[tæm] (33837/16753)
Back: n. （苏格兰人戴的）宽顶无沿圆帽
分布：苏格兰无沿圆帽(100%)
n. 便帽（苏格兰人戴的）
 - cady

Word: unflinching
Front: unflinching
[ʌnˈflɪntʃɪŋ] (23284/33003)
Back: adj. <褒，尤文>坚定的，无所畏惧的
分布：不畏惧的(32%)，坚定的(32%)，不退缩的(24%)，不屈不挠的(12%)
→un-, 不，非，flinching,畏缩的。
adjective
■not frightened of or trying to avoid danger or unpleasantness 不畏缩的；坚定无畏的；不屈不挠的
• It is a brave and unflinching account of prison life. 这是一篇对狱中生活大胆泼辣的报道。

Word: transformer
Front: transformer
[trænsˈfɔ:mə(r)] (四六 17547/13088)
Vocabulary: transformer
(once / 9064 pages)
n
Use the noun transformer when you're talking about a device that conducts electricity and controls the voltage that can travel between one circuit and another.
Electricians are familiar with transformers, since they are commonly used to manage the voltage of electricity that powers houses and some businesses. Sometimes you can see a transformer attached to a utility pole on a residential street. The word transformer was coined in 1883 from the French transformateur, which in turn comes from the Latin transformare, "change the shape or form of." The prefix trans, or "across or beyond," gives a clue to this meaning.
WORD FAMILY
transformer: transformers+/ transform: transformable, transformation, transformed, transformer, transforming, transforms/ transformation: transformations
USAGE EXAMPLES
The newspaper reports the malfunction caused the line that connects the plant’s main output transformers to the substation to reject the load.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
The newspaper reports that the malfunction caused the line that connects the plant’s main output transformers to the substation to reject the load.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
The malfunction caused the 500-kilovolt line that connects the plant’s main output transformers to the substation to reject the load.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 变压器; 促使变化的（或人物），改革者
分布：变压器(100%)
→来自 transform,转变，-er,表物。引申词义变压器。
US [-'fɔ:r.mɚ] specialized
noun countable
■a device which changes the voltage or other characteristic of electrical energy as it moves from one circuit to another 变压器
• You may need a transformer if you want to run a personal stereo off mains electricity. 如果想透过输电干线供电给个人立体音响，你可能需要一个变压器。
n. [电] 变压器；促使变化的人
 - voltage changer

Word: transitory
Front: transitory
[ˈtrænsətri] (托宝 18961/19572)
Vocabulary: transitory
(once / 2528 pages)
adj
If something is fleeting or lasts a short time, it is transitory. Your boss declared the company's restructuring to be transitory, and promised that the company would emerge stronger and better than ever.
The adjective transitory describes something that is fleeting, temporary, or brief. Even a transitory storm that passes quickly can get you drenched. Consider it an honor to be on the transitory team that helps the president make a smooth transfer of power. When you met your first love, your parents thought that the relationship was transitory — but fifty years later, you're still married!
WORD FAMILY
transitory: transitorily, transitoriness
USAGE EXAMPLES
“In the first appearances, I thought it was a transitory phenomenon,” he said.
Washington Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Recent stars have faded, in the market’s transitory judgment.
New York Times(Nov 19, 2016)
Yet Linke’s repeated warnings about the transitory nature of life are bracingly astringent, a splash in the face reawakening us to our shared mortality.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 04, 2016)
Back: adj. 不持续的; 短暂的，转瞬即逝的; 朝露
分布：短暂的(42%)，暂时的(39%)，片刻的(12%)，瞬息的(7%)
→来自 transit,中转，过渡，-ory,形容词后缀。
短暂的(trans+it走＋ory→走过就变→输血)[trans-①表示"横过,越过"②表示"变换,改变,转移"]
短暂的(trans交换+it+ory交换走→你走他来→短暂的)[it=go,表示"行走"]
短暂的(transit过夜＋ory)[-ory 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词,指场所等]
【记】trans转，itory－转瞬的
【反】enduring（adj 持久的）；protracted（adj 拖延的）；perpetual＝persistent（adj 永久的）
US [-tɔ:.ri] formal
adjective
■lasting for only a short time 短暂的，转瞬即逝的
• the transitory nature of life 生命转瞬即逝的本质
adj. 短暂的，暂时的；瞬息的
 - temporary, brief, little, passing

Word: uppermost
Front: uppermost
[ˈʌpəməʊst] (21247/13869 -1)
Back: adj. 最高的; 至上的; 最重要的
adv. 最高地，最重要地
分布：最高的(60%)，至上的(31%)，向着或在最高或最重要位置(9%)
US [-ɚ.moʊst] adjective adverb
■in the highest position or having the most importance 最高（的），最上面（的）；最重要（的）；在最高处（的）
• The office block's uppermost floors were engulfed with flames. 办公大楼的最上面几层陷入一片火海之中。
• Store the canisters with their lids uppermost. 把这些罐子的盖子朝上放好。
• What's uppermost in your mind just before a race? 比赛即将开始，你脑子里想的最多的是甚么？
adj. 至上的；最高的；最主要的
 - highest, supreme, maximum, peak, top
adv. 最高地；最重要地；最突出地
 - superlatively, maximally

Word: unsophisticate

Word: valdez

Word: warcraft
Front: warcraft
['wɔ:krɑ:ft] None
Back: n. 军舰，军用飞机; 兵法
n. 军舰；战略；军用飞机
 - strategy, naval ship

Word: waitress
Front: waitress
[ˈweɪtrəs] (高研六雅 6390/10243 -1)
Back: n. 女服务员; 女侍者
vi. 做女服务员
时态：waitressed, waitressing, waitresses
分布：女服务员(76%)，女侍者(24%)
→来自waiter,服务员，-ess,阴性后缀。
女服务员(waiter服务员)[-ress 1.表名词,指"女性"2.表名词,指"物品"]
n.女侍者,女服务员The waitress received a handsome tip.女侍者收到了数量可观的小费.
noun countable
 IMPROVER
■a woman whose job is to bring the food to customers at their tables in a restaurant （餐馆里的）女侍者，女服务员
n. [劳经] 女服务员；女侍者
 - chambermaid, usherette

Word: violinist
Front: violinist
[ˌvaɪəˈlɪnɪst] (高 13694/20187)
Back: n. 小提琴家; 小提琴演奏者
分布：小提琴手(100%)
noun countable
■a person who plays a violin 小提琴演奏者；小提琴家

Word: wintry
Front: wintry
[ˈwɪntri] (19152/19319)
Vocabulary: wintry
(once / 1634 pages)
1adj 2adj
If it makes you think of winter, it's wintry. Use the adjective wintry to describe a cold, gray January day.
The adjective wintry is sometimes spelled wintery. Either way, it describes something that happens in the winter time, or that reminds you of winter in some way. A photograph of your uncle's snow-covered Christmas tree farm shows a wintry scene, and a blustery wind on a February morning will feel wintry. It can also describe a person who is emotionally cool or unfriendly: "Her greeting was wintry, and she refused to shake my hand."
WORD FAMILY
wintry: wintrier, wintriest, wintrily+/overwinter: overwintered, overwintering, overwinters/winter: midwinter, overwinter, wintered, wintering, winterise, winterize, winters, wintery, wintry /winterize: winterized, winterizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Enjoy the wintry night sky full of stars through telescopes afterward, weather permitting.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Consider using a nontraditional color palette that is more wintry than Christmasy.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Ms. Munro’s northern world is a place of drab, wintry tones and buttoned-up emotions, a far cry from Mr. Almodóvar’s empire of passions.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 冬天的; 冬天似的; 寒冷的; 风雪交加的
分布：冬天的(67%)，冷漠的(33%)
→来自winter,冬天，引申词义寒冷。
adjective
LIKE WINTER 像冬天
■typical of winter 冬天的；冬天特有的；冬令的
• It looks like this wintry weather is here to stay. 好像这种寒冷的天气停在这里不走了。
• This afternoon we may see some wintry showers (= snow mixed with rain) over higher ground. 今天下午高原地区有雨夹雪。
• Wintry conditions are making roads hazardous for drivers in the northeast of England. 英格兰东北部地区的寒冷天气给司机驾车带来不安全因素。
['wɪn.tri] adjective
EXPRESSION 表达 literary
■unfriendly and disapproving 不友好的；冷冰冰的
• She gave a wintry smile. 她冷冷地笑了笑。
adj. 寒冷的，冬天的；冷淡的
 - cold, chilly

Word: weakling
Front: weakling
[ˈwi:klɪŋ] (25410/33200)
Back: n. 软弱的人或动物
分布：虚弱的人(32%)，懦弱的(28%)，弱的(16%)，懦弱的人(12%)，软弱的人(12%)
体弱的人(weak虚弱的)[-ling表名词"小东西或某种人"]
disapproving
noun countable
■someone who is weak, either physically or in character 羸弱的人；懦弱的人
• It would need more than a few exercises to turn a seven-stone weakling into a heavyweight boxer. 想要把一个体重只有七英石的羸弱之人变成重量级的拳击运动员，可不是单单做一些练习就办得到的。
adj. 虚弱的；懦弱的
 - marantic, woozy

Word: winnable
Front: winnable
['wɪnəbl] (29772/39320)
Back: adj. 可获得的，可赢得的，可成功的

Word: zest
Front: zest
[zest] (托雅宝 10079/14392 -1)
Vocabulary: zest
(once / 1420 pages)
nv
Zest is a kind of zeal or enthusiasm. If you've got a zest for something, you put your whole heart and soul into it. Dancers who have great zest leap, kick, and soar their way around the stage with a kind of joyful energy.
Oddly enough, zest can also be the outer peel of a lemon or orange, which chefs scrape into their dishes when they want to add some tartness and tanginess to a recipe. People who live with that same kind of spice are said to have a "zest for life." In other words, they live their lives with a lot of flavor and gusto. A student who has a zest for learning dives into her books with an enjoyment and relish most people reserve for their wedding day.
WORD FAMILY
zest: zestful, zests, zesty +/zestful: zestfully, zestfulness/ zesty: zestily
USAGE EXAMPLES
Most of the men and women Comas interviewed showed a zest for life and an interest in pastimes from amateur dramatics to playing the piano.
Reuters(Dec 30, 2016)
On a board, combine the olives, garlic, chiles, zest and oregano and finely chop them.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Many critics considered it her most memorable early role, and Reynolds related to a woman with tremendous zest for life.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 兴趣，热情; 风味，滋味; 风趣; 热功率热核反应装置
v. 给…调味
时态：zested, zesting, zests
分布：热情(84%)，风味(16%)
→来自法语zeste,橘子皮，来自希腊语skhizo,分开，剥下，来自skei,砍，切，词源同scissor,scythe,segment,因橘子皮可用来调味，因此引申词义风味，热情。
【记】z＝zeal，est最：对某事最热心－兴趣
【反】zesty（adj 兴致很高的）－bland（adj 温和冷漠的）
noun
EXCITEMENT 兴奋
[S or U]
■enthusiasm, eagerness, energy and interest 狂热；热情；兴致
• It's wonderful to see the children's zest for life. 很高兴看到孩子们对生活充满热情。
• He approached every task with a boundless zest. 他处理每项任务都满腔热情。
• The recording captures the zest of this live concert performance. 录音捕捉到了音乐会现场表演的热烈气氛。
[zest] noun
FRUIT SKIN 果皮
uncountable
■the skin of an orange, lemon or lime , used to add flavour to food （用于调味的）橘子皮，柠檬皮，柳橙皮
• grated lemon zest 擦碎的柠檬皮
n. 风味；热心；强烈的兴趣
 - enthusiasm, flavor
vt. 给…调味
 - season, sauce

Word: workman
Front: workman
[ˈwɜ:kmən] (四六 12739/7052 -1)
Back: n. 工人; 技工，工匠
分布：工人(65%)，工匠(26%)，技工(9%)
US ['wɝ:k-] noun countable
■a man who uses physical skill and especially his hands in his job or trade 手艺人；工匠
• We'll have to get a workman in to fix the plumbing/window/roof. 我们要找一位工匠来修理管道／窗户／屋顶。
worker, labourer, workman
这组词都有“工人，劳动者”的意思，其区别是：
worker: 最常用词，泛指一切从事体力或脑力劳动以谋生的人。
labourer: 多指体力劳动者，尤指无专长或专门技能的工人。
workman: 指雇佣工作，尤指有特种技能的工人。
n. 工匠；技工；男工
 - artisan, craftsman

Word: amicable
Front: amicable
[ˈæmɪkəbl] (托宝 21684/14624 -1)
Vocabulary: amicable
(once / 1835 pages)
adj
The adjective amicable means "friendly" — but in particular, use it when describing relations one might otherwise expect to be unfriendly. The end of a romantic relationship that's less than amicable might involve broken dishes or broken bones.
Amicable, not surprisingly, comes from the Latin word for "friend," amicus. Perhaps the things most commonly described as amicable are divorces. The parties in a divorce often tend to be so childish and the proceedings so messy that it's nice to have a word that reflects the absence of those qualities. Other nouns that commonly pair with amicable include relationship, split, parting, solution, and breakup.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
amicable / amiable
Amicable refers to a friendliness or goodwill between people or groups. Amiable refers to one person's friendly disposition. A group might have an amicable meeting, because the people there are amiable.
Amicable comes from the Latin amicabilis, for friendly, which can be traced to the Latin amicus, for friend. Here are some friendly examples:
Through an email, Sala said negotiations have been very amicable and that both sides are motivated to get a deal done. (Seattle Times)
It was a relatively amicable divorce and at least they remain on speaking terms. (BBC)
The split was amicable, Mr. Robbins said, with his former partner breaking even on the sale and returning to the music business. (New York Times)
Amiable also comes from the Late Latin amicabilis, with a stop in Old French as amiable before English adopted it. Some experts use amiable to describe only people, but amiable is also used to describe things being sociable or agreeable, like an amiable tone of voice. It's usually used for people, though:
A tall, amiable man, he wears a white hard hat with "JOE" written in faded marker on the front. (Washington Post)
One former roommate described him as amiable and talkative. (New York Times)
Amicable refers to the connections between people or things, like a friendly situation with a crowd. Take out the "c" for crowd and you're left with amiable, one friendly person.
WORD FAMILY
amicable: amicability, amicableness, amicably +/amicableness: amicablenesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Norman’s departure from Carolina was not amicable nor was it business.
Washington Times(Dec 15, 2016)
On Thursday, the agency also reached an amicable settlement with owners of the Malibu Beach Inn over beach-access stairways that were never built.
Seattle Times(Dec 09, 2016)
The commission also reached an amicable settlement with owners of the Malibu Beach Inn over beach-access stairways that were never built.
Washington Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: adj. 友好的，温和的; 和睦的; 友善的
分布：友好的(88%)，和睦的(12%)
友好的,温和的(am+ic+able→能爱(你)的→友好的)[am,amor,amat=love,表示"爱,情爱"]
友好的[amic=friend(朋友)]
【区】amiable强调自身的性格和蔼可亲；amicable强调对外界的态度友好，多一个C开口向外，表示对外界
【反】inimical（adj 敌意的）；asperate（adj 粗糙的；粗暴的）
adjective
■relating to behaviour between people that is pleasant and friendly often despite a difficult situation 心平气和的；不伤和气的
• His manner was perfectly amicable but I felt uncomfortable. 他表现得极为友善，但我却感觉很别扭。
■relating to an agreement or decision that is achieved without arguments or unpleasantness 友好的，和睦的
• Few people have amicable divorces. 很少有人在离婚时好说好散。
• Eventually we reached an amicable settlement. 最终我们友好地达成和解。
adj. 友好的；友善的
 - friendly, fraternal

Word: agglomeration
Front: agglomeration
[əˌglɒməˈreɪʃn] (30078/34192)
Vocabulary: agglomeration
(once / 19898 pages)
n
The word agglomeration is quite an agglomeration of letters, a big bunch of them.
Inside of agglomeration you see the word glom which means to become stuck or attached to something. An agglomeration is a bunch of stuff that has glommed onto each other. Try not to confuse the word with abomination which is an awful and reprehensible thing. If you had an agglomeration of abominations, you'd have more than a handful of hateful objects.
WORD FAMILY
agglomeration: agglomerations+/ agglomerate: agglomerated, agglomerates, agglomerating, agglomeration, agglomerative
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s a racist, white-nationalist, pseudo-intellectual agglomeration of cranks and bigots that now has a direct line to the Oval Office.
Salon(Nov 29, 2016)
Not much more than a century ago the Russian empire was a ramshackle agglomeration of colonies, held together by military force and hooch.
The Guardian(Nov 02, 2016)
“It’s coming from down there,” said one of the boys, kite string in hand, pointing to the sprawling agglomeration of dwellings below.
New York Times(Aug 16, 2016)
Back: n. 成团，结块
分布：凝聚(53%)，结块(47%)
US [-ˌglɑ:.mə-] (also agglomerate) formal
noun countable
■a large group of many different things collected or brought together （不同事物的）聚集，堆积
• an agglomeration of various ethnic and religious groupings 不同种族和宗教的人的集会
n. 凝聚；结块； [化学] 附聚
 - cohesion, coacervation

Word: amnesia
Front: amnesia
[æmˈni:ziə] (托宝 14972/20156)
Vocabulary: amnesia
(once / 16103 pages)
n
When you have amnesia you can't remember what happened to you in the past. Amnesia is a total or partial memory loss.
Some causes of amnesia are brain injury, disease, drug or alcohol abuse, and the deterioration of the brain associated with old age or dementia. With amnesia, memory can be regained, or it can be lost forever. It can be complete, encompassing everything you ever knew, or it can be specific to a time such as the hours leading up to an accident or trauma. If you forget the meaning of a word, it's not amnesia, that's just the way the mind works sometimes.
WORD FAMILY
amnesia: amnesiac, amnesias, amnestic+/amnesiac: amnesiacs/amnesic: amnesia
USAGE EXAMPLES
Indeed, Schacter’s own work and contributions from other laboratories suggest that people with amnesia aren’t able to do the most rudimentary exercises in future projection.
The New Yorker(Dec 20, 2016)
It’s a tale of lost twins, amnesia, agoraphobia, adoption — most indebted, in other words, to melodramas like “Rebecca” and “Wuthering Heights” and “The Moonstone.”
New York Times(Oct 24, 2016)
He returned to the UK that year and walked into a police station, claiming he had suffered amnesia.
BBC(Oct 04, 2016)
Back: n. <医>遗忘（症），记忆缺失; 善忘; 易忘症; 健忘
分布：健忘症(78%)，记忆缺失(22%)
→前缀a-, 无，没有。Zero-grade词根mn, 记忆，同mind.
健忘症(a无+mnes+ia病→无记忆病→健忘症)[mnes,mnem=remember,表示"记忆"]
【记】a不，非，mnes记忆，ia病－没有记忆的病－健忘症
/-ʒə] noun uncountable
■loss of the ability to remember 记忆丧失，健忘（症）
• After the accident he suffered periods of amnesia. 那次意外后的一段时间，他患了失忆症。

Word: alba

Word: bafflement
Front: bafflement
['bæflmənt] (29009/33542)
Back: n. 阻碍，迷惑
分布：迷惑(58%)，阻碍(42%)
n. 阻碍；迷惑；徒作挣扎
 - obstruction, brake

Word: authenticate
Front: authenticate
[ɔ:ˈθentɪkeɪt] (托 19855/21915)
Vocabulary: authenticate
(once / 2920 pages)
v
When you authenticate something, you establish that it’s the real thing. If you authenticate a painting, for example, you’re sure that it's an original work, not a copy.
The verb authenticate came into English in the seventeenth century by way of the Latin word authenticat-, meaning “established as valid.” You’ve probably heard it to mean that a valuable item, like a diamond or a rare vase, is genuine. But not everything that has to be authenticated is worth a lot of money. For example, experts authenticate evidence in an investigation and you authenticate your identity to gain access to your email account.
WORD FAMILY
authenticate: authenticated, authenticates, authenticating, authentication, authenticator+/authentication: authentications/authenticator: authenticators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Taylor pioneered the use of fractals to study and even authenticate drip paintings by the late US artist Jackson Pollock.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
President Obama is foreign born — a Hawaiian bureaucrat who authenticated his fake birth certificate died in a mysterious plane crash.
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
On the other hand, the curators called in to authenticate the work were fully enthused.
Time(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: vt. 证明是真实的、可靠的或有效的; 鉴定，使生效
时态：authenticated, authenticating, authenticates
分布：验证(99%)，证明...为真(1%)
US [ɑ:'θen.tˌɪ-] verb transitive
■to prove that something is real, true, or what people say it is 证明…是真实的；确认…的真实性；证实
• They used carbon dating tests to authenticate the claim that the skeleton was 2 million years old. 他们利用碳年代测定法证明，这副骨骼有200万年历史的说法是正确的。
vt. 鉴定；证明…是真实的
 - appraise, to identify

Word: antecedent
Front: antecedent
[ˌæntɪˈsi:dnt] (雅宝 16403/16104)
Vocabulary: antecedent
(once / 1360 pages)
1nadj 2n
An antecedent is a thing that comes before something else. You might think rap music has no historical antecedent, but earlier forms of African-American spoken verse go back for centuries.
In logic, mathematics, and grammar, the word antecedent (from Latin ante-, "before" + cedere, "to yield") has the meaning "the first part of a statement." More generally, it means "something that came before, and perhaps caused, something else." The word is also an adjective: a lawyer or judge might talk about the "antecedent events" leading up to someone committing a crime.
WORD FAMILY
antecedent: antecedently, antecedents+/ antecede: anteceded, antecedence, antecedency, antecedent, antecedes, anteceding/antecedence: antecedences/antecedency: antecedencies
USAGE EXAMPLES
A phenomenon like Trump, whatever its antecedents, is an opportunity—in this case to purge a rottenness that begins at the commanding heights.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 16, 2016)
“Ransack history how you will looking for antecedents, there aren’t any,” says George F. Will, the dean of conservative columnists.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 04, 2016)
But in terms of bombast, you could argue he was an antecedent to Donald Trump.
Time(Nov 03, 2016)
Back: n. 经历; <数>（比例）前项; <逻>前件; 祖先
adj. 在前的，在先的，先行的
分布：先行词(46%)，前情(22%)，祖先(22%)，居先的(5%)，在 ... 之前的(5%)
→前缀ante-, 在前。词根ced, 走。
(aute+ced走+ent→走在前面的[事]→前事)[ante-表示"前面,先"]
先行的;以前的(antede+ent)[ced,ceed,cess=go,表示"行走,前进"]
先行者(ante前+ced走+ent)[-ent 1.表示形容词"…的"2.表名词"…药剂"3.表名词"…人"]
【记】ante前，cede走－走在前面的事－前事
US [-tˌə-] noun countable formal
■someone or something existing or happening before, especially as the cause or origin of something existing or happening later （尤指作为后来存在或发生之事的起因或起源的）前事，前情，先例；祖先
• Charles Babbage's mechanical calculating engines were the antecedents of the modern computer. 查尔斯‧巴贝奇的机械电脑是现代电脑的前身。　
• Many people feel a great curiosity to find out about their antecedents. 很多人对于他们的祖先充满了好奇，很想探究一番。
■specialized
■a word or phrase which a pronoun refers back to 先行词，前述词
• In the sentence 'He picked a book off the shelf and handed it to Sally, 'book' is the antecedent of 'it'. 在句子 He picked a book off the shelf and handed it to Sally 中，book 是 it 的先行词。
UK [ˌæn.ti'si:.dənt] US [-tˌə-] adjective formal
■previous （同页中）上面提到的（地）；上文（的），前文（的）
• When the college was established in 1546, it inherited a hall from each of three antecedent institutions. 该学院在1546年建立时，从作为其前身的三个机构中分别承继了一座教学大楼。
n. 前情；先行词；祖先
 - father, root
adj. 先行的；前驱的；先前的
 - advance, prodromal

Word: beginner
Front: beginner
[bɪˈgɪnə(r)] (四 8837/7066 -2)
Vocabulary: beginner
(once / 1808 pages)
n
A beginner is someone who's brand new at something. In swimming lessons, a beginner practices putting her face in the water and blowing bubbles.
If you're a beginner, you're a novice or an amateur — in other words, you're still learning. When you're learning to drive, you're a beginner and probably need the help of an instructor while you drive carefully around your neighborhood. A beginner at speaking French might be able to say a few phrases and know some basic vocabulary words. The earliest meaning of beginner, from the 14th century, was "founder," or "person who establishes an institution."
WORD FAMILY
beginner: beginners+/ begin: began, begining, beginner, beginning, begins, begun/ beginning: beginnings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Boston Globe called “Beginners” “the passive work of a man nervous to touch the third rail of his parents’ discontent.”
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Writer-director Mike Mills follows up his portrait of his father in “Beginners” with a look at this mother in “20th Century Women.”
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Several hundred U.S. ski resorts are participating in Learn to Ski & Snowboard Month in January with discounted deals for beginners.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 新手，初学者; 创立人，鼻祖; 初学者的好运气（或意外成功）
分布：初学者(75%)，新手(25%)
US [-ɚ] noun countable
 IMPROVER
■a person who is starting to do something or learn something for the first time 新手，初学者
• This judo class is for beginners only. 这个课程是专为初学者开设的。
n. 初学者；新手；创始人
 - author, learner, novice

Word: barmy
Front: barmy
[ˈbɑ:mi] (-/20864)
Back: adj. 疯疯癫癫的
级别：barmier, barmiest
分布：酵母的(37%)，愚蠢的(36%)，疯狂的(27%)
→barm, 发酵，泡沫，词源同brew, 酿造。指充满泡沫的，口吐白沫的，发疯的。
US ['bɑ:r-] mainly UK informal
adjective
■behaving strangely, or very silly 怪异的；笨的
• Not another one of her barmy ideas! 我不想再听她的笨主意！
adj. 酵母的；发泡沫的
 - yeasty

Word: boomtown
Front: boomtown
['bu:mˌtaʊn] (28310/-)
Back: n. 新兴都市
分布：新兴城市(88%)，兴起的城市(12%)

Word: bumblebee
Front: bumblebee
[ˈbʌmblbi:] (托 23522/43861)
Vocabulary: bumblebee
(once / 10954 pages)
n
A bumblebee is a large, flying insect that pollenates flowers. Bumblebees are fatter and fuzzier than honeybees. They may look cute, but they can still sting you.
A bumblebee is a completely different species than a honeybee, though it does make honey. Bumblebees produce honey in much smaller quantities, and it isn't harvested and eaten by people. Bumblebees also live in smaller groups, of up to four hundred bees, compared to honeybees' hives that have as many as 60,000 bees. In some places, they're called humblebees, from the Middle English humbul-be, which echoes the "hum" of a bee.
WORD FAMILY
bumblebee: bumblebees
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the America to which you sing, friends invited you to a wedding they’d styled a bumblebee celebration: the bride Asian, the husband-to-be black.
Time(Dec 23, 2016)
More than a quarter of the 46 bumblebee species in North America are considered at risk.
The Guardian(Dec 11, 2016)
He said, that’s a hummingbird, and I said, no, it’s a bumblebee; then he felt faint and needed to lie down in a dark room.
New York Times(Aug 30, 2016)
Back: n. <动>大黄蜂，雄蜂
分布：大黄蜂(74%)，熊蜂(26%)
noun countable
■a large hairy bee 大黄蜂
n. [昆] 大黄蜂
 - hornet, humblebee

Word: bouncer
Front: bouncer
[ˈbaʊnsə(r)] (16771/16493 -1)
Back: n. 保镖，门卫; 跳跃物; 庞然大物
分布：巨大的东西(34%)，板球(22%)，看门保镖(22%)，巨人(22%)
US [-sɚ] noun countable
■someone whose job is to stand outside a bar, party, etc. and either stop people who cause trouble from coming in or force them to leave （酒吧、聚会等雇用的）保安，保镖
n. 保镖；巨大的东西；跳跃的人；吹牛者
 - bodyguard, triggerman

Word: calve
Front: calve
[kɑ:v] (26130/27823)
Back: vi. 生小牛; （冰川）崩解
vt. 生（小牛等），产（犊）; 使（冰川）崩解
时态：calved, calving, calve
分布：生小牛(100%)
US [kæv] verb intransitive
■When a cow calves, it gives birth to a calf (= a young cow) 生小牛，产犊
• Four cows calved overnight. 晚上有四头母牛产犊。

Word: cactus
Front: cactus
[ˈkæktəs] (宝 9315/20358 -1)
Vocabulary: cactus
(once / 2328 pages)
n
A cactus is a succulent desert plant that's often covered in sharp spines. Some cacti grow brilliantly colored flowers, but none of them have leaves.
You can grow an indoor cactus in a pot — it's a fairly easy plant to care for, since it prefers to be watered infrequently. Cacti are able to conserve water, which is why they do well in very dry environments, like the American Southwest. The Greek root of cactus is kaktos, the name of a specific spiky Sicilian plant.
WORD FAMILY
cactus: cacti, cactuses
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Bears battled their way through it, earning a spot in the Cactus Bowl.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
I would like something festive but not the typical holiday plant like poinsettia or Christmas cactus.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Louisiana State is playing in the Citrus Bowl and Baylor in the Cactus Bowl.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 仙人掌
分布：仙人掌(100%)
→词源不详。
【记】读：开垦特色－大规模的开垦导致沙漠化，从而出现－仙人掌
['kæk.təs] (plural cacti or cactuses)
noun countable
■any of many types of desert plant usually with sharp spines and thick stems for storing water 仙人掌
n. [园艺] 仙人掌
 - Cholla Stem, cholla

Word: cagey
Front: cagey
[ˈkeɪdʒi] (25727/23902)
Back: adj. <口>小心的; 狡猾的; 吞吞吐吐的; 机灵的
分布：机灵的(43%)，谨慎的(33%)，守口如瓶的(16%)，=cagy.(8%)
→词源不详。
['keɪ.dʒi] (cagier, cagiest) informal
adjective
■unwilling to give information 守口如瓶的，讳莫如深的
• He was very cagey about what happened at the meeting. 他对会上发生的事情闭口不谈。
adj. 精明的；小心谨慎的；机灵的；有戒心的
 - clever, prudent

Word: cheltenham

Word: categorical
Front: categorical
[ˌkætəˈgɒrɪkl] (托宝 14789/20648 -1)
Vocabulary: categorical
(once / 4917 pages)
1adj 2adj
If someone accuses you of stealing their lunch and you give a categorical denial, it means that you absolutely deny having anything to do with the theft. Categorical means absolute, unqualified, unconditional.
If you ask someone to marry you and she says maybe, you might be able to persuade her. If it's no, you might still have a chance. But if she gives you a categorical no, she will never change her mind. Less often, categorical is used to describe something that is part of a certain category or group. A Doberman at the Westminster Dog Show might be the categorical winner, meaning it is the best Doberman but not the winner of the show.
WORD FAMILY
categorical: categorically+/categorise: categorisation, categorised/categorised: uncategorised/ categorization: categorizations/ categorize: categorization, categorized, categorizes, categorizing/categorized: uncategorized/ category: categoric, categorical, categories, categorise, categorize
USAGE EXAMPLES
“We do not see this as an ambiguous provision, but as a strict and categorical ban,” they wrote, referring to the clause.
Washington Post(Dec 01, 2016)
He said Congress made a “categorical judgement” that there is a “real flight risk” if these “criminal aliens” are released.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Walker said his budget proposal includes increased funding for the UW System that will be tied to unspecified categorical performance.
Washington Times(Nov 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 绝对的，无条件的; 分类的，按类别的; 断言的; 确信无疑的
分布：绝对的(71%)，分类的(29%)
→来自category, 分类，指分门别类的，明确的。
【记】category（n 类别，范畴）：对东西的分类是绝对的，无条件的－人就是人，李宏志就是李宏志，不能混为一谈。
【反】qualified（adj 有条件的；受限制的）；conditional（adj 有条件的）
US [ˌkætˌ.ə'gɑ:r-] adjective
■without any doubt or possibility of being changed; certain 确定无疑的，明确的
• a categorical statement/reply/assurance 明确的声明／回覆／保证
adj. 绝对的（名词categoricalness，副词categorically，异体字categoric）；直接了当的；无条件的；属于某一范畴的
 - strict, absolute, positive, unlimited

Word: cider
Front: cider
[ˈsaɪdə(r)] (托 10172/9018 -1)
Vocabulary: cider
(once / 1855 pages)
n
Cider is an unfiltered juice or fermented beverage made from apples. In the fall, there's nothing like a mug of hot, spiced cider.
Apple cider is a darker-colored, unsweetened version of apple juice — the main difference is that cider is fresh, with a short shelf life, and it isn't filtered. Another kind of cider is this same pressed apple juice, allowed to ferment and become alcoholic. This is often called "hard cider." The word comes from the Old French cidre, "pear or apple cider," ultimately from the Hebrew shekhar, "strong drink."
WORD FAMILY
cider: ciders
USAGE EXAMPLES
The winery claims Nectar Creek never submitted the application for label approval, leaving the bottles of cider unable to be sold.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The Truxton Circle cider bar is open as usual with reservations for New Year's Eve.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Expect early countdowns and toasts — with apple cider.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. <美>（用作饮料或制醋用的）苹果汁; <英>苹果酒
分布：苹果酒(80%)，苹果汁(20%)
→来自阿拉伯语。
【记】读：辛迪（克劳馥）：国际名模，爱喝苹果汁
US [-dɚ] noun uncountable UK (US hard cider) (Australian rough cider)
■an alcoholic drink made from apples 苹果酒
US (US and UK apple juice) (Australian sweet cider)
■juice from crushed apples, used as a drink or to make vinegar 苹果汁
n. 苹果酒；苹果汁
 - cyder, apple juice

Word: coexistence
Front: coexistence
[ˌkəʊɪgˈzɪstəns] (14767/22497)
Back: n. 共存，并立
分布：共存(70%)，共处(30%)
【记】co共同，existence存在
n. [数] 共存；和平共处；并立
 - cooccurrence, peaceful co-existence

Word: comical
Front: comical
[ˈkɒmɪkl] (托 14711/18500 -1)
Vocabulary: comical
(once / 1236 pages)
adj
Something comical is humorous, amusing, silly, or just plain funny; it makes people laugh.
When you think comical, think laughter-causing. Stand-up comedians and comic strips intend to be comical. People like to share comical moments: for example, by posting videos of their pets doing comical things, like a dog going bananas in a water sprinkler. Just like the dog doesn't know it's being funny, people are unintentionally comical too. If a person absorbed in his cell phone conversation falls down a manhole, many will find it comical.
WORD FAMILY
comical: comicalest, comicality, comically +/ comedian: comedians/ comedy: comedian, comedies, comical /comic: comedy, comics/comicality: comicalities
USAGE EXAMPLES
His sense of humor is disarming, as he pivots from comical to solemn in a split-second.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
For New Year’s Eve, the show promises to be “extra drunken,” with champagne and a comical year in review focused on the presidential election.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Although my mother’s words seemed exaggerated and comical at first, they were almost prophetic.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 好笑的，滑稽的
分布：滑稽的(71%)，好笑的(29%)
US ['kɑ:.mɪ-] adjective
■funny in a strange or silly way 古怪可笑的；滑稽的
• He looked so comical in that hat. 他戴着那顶帽子看上去真滑稽。
adj. 滑稽的，好笑的
 - funny, humouristic

Word: clasp
Front: clasp
[klɑ:sp] (研四六雅宝 8998/7433 -1)
Vocabulary: clasp
(once / 203 pages)
1vn 2nv
A bracelet is held together by a clasp. A girl who gets a nice one from her boyfriend might clasp her arms around him. A clasp is a fastener. To clasp is to hold tightly.
In all uses of the word, clasp means to hold together tightly. You want your bracelet or belt clasp to be strong so it doesn't come apart. And when you take a child on a walk across a busy intersection, you clasp their hand tightly. The word is not related to the word clap, but if you clap your hands together, then keep them there, you turn a clap to a clasp.
WORD FAMILY
clasp: clasped, clasping, clasps, unclasp+/unclasp: unclasped, unclasping, unclasps
USAGE EXAMPLES
My left hand dictates the steering wheel, while my right hand is clasped to Becca’s manicured fingers.
Salon(Dec 28, 2016)
One drunken man clasped her closer to him as she tried to wriggle free.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Right or wrong?” he said as she clasped her hands over her mouth in embarrassment.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 扣钩，扣环; 握紧; 拥抱
vt. & vi. 扣住; 紧拥; 紧握
时态：clasped, clasping, clasps
分布：钩(33%)，扣子(18%)，紧握(18%)，扣紧(14%)，握手(13%)，密切合作(4%)
→词源同clam,clamp,clip.
n.扣子,钩子;握手v.扣住,钩住;紧握,紧抱The wagging wasp grasps the crisp clasp for a gasp.摇摆的黄蜂抓住脆钩喘息.
【记】源于clap（拍手，拍）：扣子就是把两片布拍在一起。
US [klæsp] verb transitive
■to hold someone or something firmly in your hands or arms 抱紧；握紧；抓紧；攥紧
• He was clasping the vase tightly, terrified of dropping it. 他紧紧抱住花瓶，生怕把它摔了。
• Lie on your back, clasp your knees and pull them down towards your chest. 仰卧，抱紧双膝，并拉向胸前。
• She clasped her son in her arms. 她把儿子紧紧抱在怀里。
UK [klɑ:sp] US [klæsp] noun
only singular
■a tight hold with your hand or arms 紧抱；紧握；紧抓；紧攥
• She held the child's hand in a firm clasp as they crossed the road. 过马路时，她紧紧握着孩子的手。
countable
■a small metal device which is used to fasten a belt, bag or a piece of jewellery （皮带、手提包或首饰的）钩子，扣子，扣环
grasp, clasp, catch, grip
grasp: 指用手、牙等抓住或咬住
clasp: 握紧，攥（在手中）
catch: 指用手接住（运动着的物体），捉住，捕获
grip: 紧抓，紧握，用于被动时指吸引某人的注意力
grasp, grab, clasp, seize, take, clutch, grip, snatch
这组词都有“抓住，握紧”的意思，其区别是：
grasp: 指紧紧抓住、抓牢。
grab: 指粗暴而急迫的抓住。
clasp: 指用手紧握或用臂紧抱。
seize: 指突然抓住某物，强调突然的猛烈动作。
take: 最普通用词，不带感情色彩。指用手抓、取某东西或控制某物。
clutch: 强调匆忙、紧急地抓、抓紧。
grip: 语气比grasp强，指用手的最大力量紧紧抓住。
snatch: 指突然抢走，侧重动作更快或更具暴力性质。
n. 扣子，钩子；握手
 - handshake, shake-hands
vt. 紧抱；扣紧；紧紧缠绕
 - press, button
vi. 扣住
 - buckle, button up

Word: decelerate
Front: decelerate
[ˌdi:ˈseləreɪt] (22875/34913)
Vocabulary: decelerate
(once / 20101 pages)
v
Use the verb decelerate when you want to slow down, like when you realize you are missing important moments in life by racing around, trying to do everything yourself. If you make an effort to decelerate, you might be happier — and healthier.
Decelerate is the opposite of accelerate, which means "to go faster." Decelerate often describes slowing a vehicle, but it can relate to nearly anything, like a friendship that begins with hanging out nearly every day but decelerates when you move to a new town or get busy with school and sports. It doesn't mean the friendship is ending or over, just that the pace is now a little slower.
WORD FAMILY
decelerate: decelerated, decelerates, decelerating, deceleration +/ deceleration: decelerations
USAGE EXAMPLES
There are, rather, accelerating and decelerating trends, and an infinite number of possible paths.
Slate(Dec 26, 2016)
Though inflation is decelerating, at almost 45% it remains among the world’s highest, keeping borrowing costs high.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 12, 2016)
While these decelerated after the government imposed purchase restrictions in large cities to dampen speculation, they remain supportive.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. （使）减速
时态：decelerated, decelerating, decelerates
分布：动词(96%)，名词(4%)
→de-, 向下。-celer, 快速，词源同accelerate. 即减速。
减速(de+celer速度＋ate→使速度变慢)[de-①表示"去掉,变坏,离开,变慢,向下"等②表示"使…成为,加强"等]
减速[celer=quick,speed,表示"快,速"]
【记】de向下，celer速度－减速；参考：accelerate（v 加速）
US [-ə.reɪt] verb intransitive
■to go more slowly; to reduce speed 减低速度；减速
• The car decelerated at the sight of the police car. 那辆汽车一见警车就慢了下来。
Compare accelerate
vi. 减速，降低速度
 - slow down, speed reduction
vt. 使减速
 - skid

Word: deforest
Front: deforest
[ˌdi:ˈfɒrɪst] (宝 -1)
Back: vt. 砍伐森林; 清除…上的树林
时态：deforested, deforesting, deforests
分布：采伐森林(64%)，清除树林(36%)
→de-, 夺去，损毁。forest, 森林。即毁林。
砍伐森林(de+forest森林→去掉森林)[de-①表示"去掉,变坏,离开,变慢,向下"等②表示"使…成为,加强"等]

Word: descriptive
Front: descriptive
[dɪˈskrɪptɪv] (6920/7286 -1)
Vocabulary: descriptive
(once / 1397 pages)
adj
Descriptive language is vivid and specific, and helps someone imagine a scene he didn't witness. You probably hope that your friend who works at the morgue isn't too descriptive when you ask him how his day was.
The word descriptive comes from the Latin descript-, meaning "written down." Something that is descriptive uses an account of words to give us a sense of what it's like. We usually use descriptive when people are very effective at conveying something. James Agee is an author who excels at descriptive writing, spending pages and pages beautifully describing the scene of a poor cabin in the moonlight.
WORD FAMILY
descriptive: descriptively, descriptivism, undescriptive+/describable: indescribable / describe: describable, described, describes, describing, description, descriptive / description: descriptions/ indescribable: indescribably/undescriptive: undescriptively
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It was very much high level and nothing in there was specifically descriptive of Russian activity.”
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
What the former assistant secretary of the Navy said is descriptive of the entire military.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
“Publicizing the notion that everyone stereotypes might create a descriptive social norm for stereotyping,” they concluded.
Slate(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. 描写的，描述的; 分类的
分布：描述的(70%)，叙述的(30%)
adjective
■describing something, especially in a detailed, interesting way 描述的，描写的，描绘的
• a descriptive essay/passage 描述性文章／段落
■specialized
■A descriptive area of study is one that is based on saying what its subject is really like, rather than on developing theories about it 描述性的（学科）（建立在对学科描述，而不是发展学科理论的基础上）
• descriptive linguistics/sociology/statistics 描写语言学／叙述社会学／描述统计学
adj. 描写的，叙述的；描写性的
 - related, depictive

Word: drumbeat
Front: drumbeat
[ˈdrʌmbi:t] (19131/37848)
Back: n. 鼓声，打鼓
分布：鼓声(82%)，大肆吹捧(9%)，连珠炮似的抨击(9%)
noun countable
■(the sound of) a single hit on a drum 敲鼓（声），鼓点
n. 鼓声；打鼓声
 - dub

Word: deserter
Front: deserter
[dɪˈzɜ:tə(r)] (宝 19974/21056)
Back: n. 背弃者，逃亡者，脱党者; 逃兵
分布：逃兵(67%)，擅离职守者(19%)，背弃者(14%)
→来自desert, 断开，遗弃，逃离。即逃离的人，逃兵。
US [-'zɝ:.tˌɚ] noun countable
■a person who leaves the armed forces without permission 逃兵，开小差者
n. 逃兵；背弃者； [劳经] 擅离职守者；脱党者
 - lamaster, skidmark

Word: eff
Front: eff
[ef] (45197/46592)
Back: n. 字母f
v. 弄糟，滚开，咒骂
时态：effed, effing, effs
分布：名词(88%)，动词(12%)
→来自fuck的委婉语。
[ef] UK informal
verb
eff and blind
■to swear, using words that are considered offensive by some people 讲粗话；骂人
[ef] UK informal
verb
  Phrasal Verbs  Eff off! offensive
■something that is said in order to tell someone rudely to go away 滚蛋！滚开！
vt. 弄糟
 - hash up, run into the ground
vi. 滚开；咒骂
 - go fly a kite, go to the devil

Word: doris
Front: doris
[ˈdɔris] (-/12019)
Back: 多里斯系统
分布：名词(100%)

Word: fluke
Front: fluke
[flu:k] (宝 13510/15994 -1)
Vocabulary: fluke
(once / 4030 pages)
1n 2n 3n 4n
A fluke is an unexpected stroke of good luck. It was a fluke to find that fifty dollar bill on the ground, and it made you smile for the rest of the day.
The word fluke was first used in 1857 in reference to a lucky shot at billiards. If something good happens to you by chance when you're not expecting it, that's a fluke. The word fluke can also be used in a negative or insulting way. For example, if your favorite sports team loses an important game, you could complain that it was just a fluke that the other team won — meaning they didn't deserve to win and somehow got lucky.
WORD FAMILY
fluke: flukes, flukey, fluky+/fluky: flukiest, flukily
USAGE EXAMPLES
Rousey will be hoping to quickly prove that the Holm fight was a fluke, not the beginning of the end.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Black bass are good on suspending jerkbaits, watermelon flukes and bladed jigs.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Order this: The crudo, which may be scallop one night, or fluke the next.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 侥幸; 锚爪; 偶然事件; 鲽鱼
分布：侥幸(72%)，吸虫(8%)，锚爪(8%)，鲸的尾片(4%)，比目鱼(4%)，偶然的机会(4%)
→词源不详。可能来自lucky改编的英语方言词。
【源】原指：台球中偶然的漂亮一击
【记】luke＝luck（n 运气；幸运）下flake（n 雪片）是一件fluke
【反】expected occurrence（预料中的事）
noun countable usually singular informal
■something good that has happened that is the result of chance instead of skill or planning 侥幸；偶然；意外
• The first goal was just a fluke. 第一个进球只是侥幸命中。
n. 侥幸；锚爪；意外的挫折
 - chance
vt. 侥幸成功；意外受挫
 - get away with it, luck out
vi. 侥幸成功
 - get away with it, luck out

Word: firefight
Front: firefight
[ˈfaɪəfaɪt] (18095/48819)
Back: n. 交火，火战，炮战
分布：交战(80%)，火力战(20%)
US ['faɪr-] noun countable
■a fight, often unexpected, between opposing groups of soldiers in which they shoot at each other （常指敌对部队之间突发的）交火，火战，炮战
• The opposing units opened fire simultaneously at close range and a 15-minute firefight ensued. 交战的部队在近距离内同时向对方开火，交火持续了15分钟。
UK ['faɪə.faɪt] US ['faɪr-] verb intransitive
■to spend time on problems that need to be dealt with quickly, instead of working in a calm, planned way 速战速决；火急火燎
• Will the new manager be able to do anything other than firefight? 新的经理除了火急火燎之外还能做点甚么？

Word: expansionist
Front: expansionist
[ɪk'spænʃənɪst] (22470/22785)
Back: n. 扩张主义者，领土扩张论者
adj. 扩张主义的
分布：扩张主义者(55%)，领土扩张论者(36%)，赞同扩张主义的(9%)

Word: enjoin
Front: enjoin
[ɪnˈdʒɔɪn] (宝 19159/20932)
Vocabulary: enjoin
(once / 964 pages)
v
To enjoin is to issue an urgent and official order. If the government tells loggers to stop cutting down trees, they are enjoining the loggers to stop.
Enjoin looks like it should mean bring together, and at one time, it did have that meaning. But in current usage, the only thing enjoin brings together is a command and the person on the receiving end of that order. If your doctor enjoins you to stop smoking, he is suggesting strongly that you quit.
WORD FAMILY
enjoin: enjoined, enjoining, enjoinment, enjoins+/enjoinment: enjoinments
USAGE EXAMPLES
These include a rule doubling the salary threshold for exempting workers from overtime pay, which a federal court enjoined last month.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 09, 2016)
"Alt-right" activists could be seen making Nazi salutes at a conference in Washington DC over the weekend, where a speaker enjoined them to "Hail Trump".
BBC(Nov 23, 2016)
Aspirational and clear, it signals positive intentions, enjoining us to do more good rather than simply be less bad.
Nature(Nov 13, 2016)
Back: vt. 命令
时态：enjoined, enjoining, enjoins
分布：吩咐(38%)，命令(34%)，禁止(28%)
→en-, 进入，使。join, 连接。字面意思即参与，施加影响，进一步指责令，嘱咐。参照interdict.
命令,吩咐(en进入+join→进入连接→命令人[加入])[junct,join=join,表示"结合,连接"]
【记】en，join（v 参加）－命令别人参加
【参】rejoin（v 使再结合）
verb transitive formal
■to tell someone to do something or to behave in a particular way 嘱咐；吩咐
• [+ to infinitive] We were all enjoined to be on our best behaviour. 我们都被叮嘱举止一定要得体。
• He enjoined (= suggested) caution. 他嘱咐要谨慎行事。
US legal
■to legally force someone to do something or stop doing something 依法强制（或禁止）
vt. 命令；吩咐；嘱咐；禁止
 - require, order, command, tell, bid

Word: grating
Front: grating
[ˈgreɪtɪŋ] (宝 17014/19713)
Back: n. 格栅，栅栏，格子
v. 磨碎，压碎( grate的现在分词 ); 发出刺耳的摩擦声; 使人烦恼难受
分布：格栅(32%)，格子(28%)，刺耳的(25%)，磨擦的(10%)，动词grate的现在分词.(5%)
→来自grate, 刮，擦，刺耳声。
US [-tˌɪŋ] adjective
■describes a sound which is unpleasant and annoying （声音）刺耳的
UK ['greɪ.tɪŋ] US [-tˌɪŋ] noun countable
■a structure made of metal bars which covers a hole, especially in the ground over a drain （尤指下水道的）格栅
adj. 刺耳的；磨擦的
 - grinding, sharp, harsh
n. [光] 光栅；摩擦，摩擦声； [建] [数] 格子
 - friction, grid
v. 磨碎；擦响；激怒（grate的ing形式）
 - provoking

Word: gratuitous
Front: gratuitous
[grəˈtju:ɪtəs] (托宝 16720/18672 -1)
Vocabulary: gratuitous
(once / 1915 pages)
1adj 2adj
Gratuitous means "without cause" or "unnecessary." Telling ridiculous jokes at a somber occasion would be a display of gratuitous humor.
Gratuitous can be used to refer to something that’s unnecessary and mildly annoying. If a friend frequently gives you fashion tips, even though you’ve expressed no interest in receiving them, you’d be correct in labeling her advice as gratuitous. In addition, gratuitous can be used to indicate that something is not only unnecessary but also inappropriate. Some people claim that some films and video games contain gratuitous violence — that is, violence that is excessive and offensive.
WORD FAMILY
gratuitous: gratuitously+/ gratuity: gratuities, gratuitous
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Intro: Yes, the producers managed to fit in a gratuitous shot of Nick in the shower.
Time(Jan 02, 2017)
The article was light in its journalistic qualities and the "quirky" use of the comedians for the photos seemed gratuitous.
New York Times(Mar 27, 2013)
This gratuitous publication will horrify many, inspire a few, and, by a small but perceptible increment, further desensitize the rest of us.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 免费的，无偿的; 无必要的; 无故的，无理由的
分布：免费的(51%)，无缘无故的(34%)，无必要的(15%)
→来自词根grat, 感谢，词源同grace, gratitude. 原指表达感谢，报答，免费给予。后词义贬义化，指无缘无故的，莫名其妙的。比较汉语无功不受禄。
无缘无故的;免费的(来自gratuity赏钱,给小费可多可少,所以"无缘无故的")[grat,gree=pleasing,表示"感激,高兴"]
【记】源于gratuity（n 赠物；小费，赏钱）；grat高兴，uity－表示高兴的小费，付小费不是义务，所以gratuitous有“无根据的，无理由的”之意小费付多少是没有根据的
【反】merited（adj 应得的）；warranted＝justified（adj 有正当理由的）
US [-'tu:.ə.tˌəs] disapproving
adjective
■(of something such as bad behaviour) not necessary; with no cause （不良行为等）不必要的；无谓的，无理由的
• A lot of viewers complained that there was too much gratuitous sex and violence in the film. 很多观众抱怨说影片中有太多无谓的色情和暴力镜头。
adj. 无理由的，无端的；免费的
 - free, groundless

Word: gideon

Word: hiker
Front: hiker
[ˈhaɪkə(r)] (9687/33870)
Back: n. 远足者，长途旅行者
分布：徙步旅行者(100%)
→来自hike,远足。
US [-kɚ] noun countable
■a person who goes for a long walk in the countryside 健行者，远足者
• On sunny days the trails are full of hikers. 天气晴朗的日子里，这些小径上健行的人络绎不绝。
n. 徒步旅行者
 - wayfarer, hoofer

Word: hornet
Front: hornet
[ˈhɔ:nɪt] (托 21471/21224)
Back: n. 大黄蜂; 马蜂; 马蜂窝; 一大堆麻烦
分布：大黄蜂(100%)
→来自古英语hurnitu,大黄蜂，来自Proto-Germanic*hurz,来自krs,嗡嗡声。拼写受horn影响，即吹号角的。
US ['hɔ:r-] noun countable
■a large wasp (= type of flying insect) which can give you a bad sting 大黄蜂
n. [昆] 大黄蜂
 - bumble-bee, humblebee

Word: holstein

Word: inveterate
Front: inveterate
[ɪnˈvetərət] (宝 24646/21865)
Vocabulary: inveterate
(once / 2151 pages)
adjadv
If you're an inveterate doodler, all your notebooks are covered with drawings. If you're an inveterate golf player, you probably get twitchy if you haven't been out on a course in a week.
In Middle English inveterate was associated with chronic disease. Now it simply refers to something that is a signature habit with a person. Unless you're an inveterate gambler, drinker or smoker––in which case you're addicted and we're back to talking about being sick.
WORD FAMILY
inveterate: inveterately
USAGE EXAMPLES
Heinous crimes and inveterate offenders were, and often remain, ineligible for bail for good reason.
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
Missoni is, it seems, an inveterate mother, even to her objects.
New York Times(Dec 05, 2016)
Now they’re walking around like a bunch of sages, as could most anyone who has risen from inveterate dormancy.
Washington Post(Nov 19, 2016)
Back: adj. （指人）有恶习的，成瘾的; （指习惯等）根深蒂固的; 痼
分布：根深蒂固的(83%)，成瘾的(17%)
→in-,进入，使，-vet,老的，长时间的，词源同veteran,wether.引申词义积习难改的，上瘾的。
积习难改的(in进入+veter老,旧_成为老东西)[-ate 1.表动词"做,造成"2.表形容词"具有…的"3.表名词"人或地位"]
根深蒂固的[veter=old(老)]
【记】in进入，veter老，ate－进入老的状态－积习已深的
【参】veteran（n 老兵；退伍军人）
【反】one-time（adj 以前的；古时的）『casual（adj 偶然的）』；机考数据确认：有one-time优先选择，没有one-time才考虑casualuninitiated（无经验的）『youthful』；occasional（偶然的）；
US [-'vetˌ.ɚ-] usually disapproving
adjective
an inveterate liar/gambler, etc.
■someone who does something very often and cannot stop doing it 积习难改的说谎者／难以自拔的赌徒等
• I never trust anything he says - the man's an inveterate liar. 我从不相信他说的任何话——这人是个老骗子。
adj. 根深的；积习的；成癖的
 - deeply rooted

Word: interviewee
Front: interviewee
[ˌɪntəvju:ˈi:] (雅 14615/12716 -1)
Back: n. 被接见者; 被访问者
分布：被接见者(46%)，被面试者(36%)，被访问者(18%)
→来自interview,面试，-ee,人，表被动。
US [-tˌɚ-] noun countable
■the person who answers the questions during an interview 接受采访者；参加面试者；被讯问者

Word: lakeside
Front: lakeside
[ˈleɪksaɪd] (21179/17312)
Back: n. 湖边，湖岸，湖畔; 湖滨
分布：湖边(100%)
noun only singular
■the area at the edge of a lake 湖边，湖滨
• a walk by the lakeside 湖边漫步
• a lakeside chalet 湖畔教堂

Word: marque
Front: marque
[mɑ:k] (29218/26569)
Back: n. （尤指汽车的）商品型号; 捕拿特许; 有捕拿特许证的船
分布：捕拿特许(100%)
→现词义来自mark,标记，记号，引申词义知名品牌，特指汽车品牌。其古义见习语letters of marque,捕拿特许证，来自古法语marcar,纳投名状，用抓捕或抢劫来证明诚心。该词起源于中世纪时，西欧各国通过官方文件鼓励本国海盗进行抢劫，一部分上交作为官方收益，一部分留作自用。
US [mɑ:rk] noun countable
■a name of a range of cars, which is sometimes different from the name of the company that produces them （汽车的）型号，品牌

Word: loch
Front: loch
[lɒk] (29736/4438 -1)
Back: n. 湖; 狭长的海湾
分布：狭长的海湾(100%)
→来自盖尔语loch,湖，狭长的海湾，词源同lake,lough.
US [lɑ:k] Scottish
noun countable
■a lake
• Loch Lomond 洛蒙德湖
n. 湖；海湾（狭长的）
 - lake, bay, gulf

Word: leaden
Front: leaden
[ˈledn] (20321/21472)
Vocabulary: leaden
(once / 1575 pages)
adj
Something leaden moves in a heavy, slow way. After a sleepless night, your leaden feet will walk more sluggishly than usual to the bus stop.
Dull, heavy things can be described as leaden, like a dense, boring novel full of leaden dialog or your fatigued, leaden legs at the end of a full day's hike up a mountain. If something is the color of lead — a dull gray — that's also leaden, like the leaden, stormy sky. Finally, things made of lead are quite literally leaden, the word's original meaning, from a Germanic root meaning "heavy metal."
WORD FAMILY
leaden: leadenly
USAGE EXAMPLES
He returned to court and apologized in a statement leaden with resignation.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Later it feels like purgatory, a wintry place with flat skies, leaden waters and unwelcome reminders of the past.
New York Times(Nov 17, 2016)
His obsession with a coming dance contest brings humor into the play, as Willie rants about his girlfriend’s leaden feet.
New York Times(Nov 07, 2016)
Back: adj. 铅（灰）色的; 沉闷的; 沉重的; 郁郁不乐的
分布：铅灰色的(33%)，沉闷的(32%)，沉重的(27%)，深灰色的(8%)
→lead,铅，-en,形容词后缀。
adjective
GREY 灰色 literary
■dark grey 深灰色的，灰蒙蒙的
• leaden skies 灰蒙蒙的天空
['led.ən] adjective
NO ENERGY 没有能量 disapproving
■without energy or feeling 呆滞的；缺乏感情的
• a leaden expression/performance 呆滞的表情／缺乏感情的表演
adj. 铅灰色的；铅制的；沉闷的；铅一般重的
 - tedious, plumbeous

Word: masterful
Front: masterful
[ˈmɑ:stəfl] (15088/19934)
Vocabulary: masterful
(once / 2112 pages)
adj
Someone masterful is really good at a particular task or skill. A masterful pianist is accomplished and experienced — in other words, she plays extremely well.
A masterful stone mason builds beautiful, sturdy walls, and a masterful math teacher is capable of teaching even students who think they hate math how to solve complex equations. An alternate way to use this word is to mean "like a master" or "controlling and powerful." In fact, this is the word's original meaning, from the Latin root word magister, "chief, head, or director."
WORD FAMILY
masterful: masterfully+/ master: mastered, masterful, mastering, masteringly, masterless, masterly, masters, mastership, mastery, overmaster/masterly: masterlily/mastership: masterships/ mastery: masteries/overmaster: overmastered, overmastering, overmasters
USAGE EXAMPLES
You're seeing this big masterful kid just all over it, but it was music.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
The final installment of her masterful “Heart” trilogy extends the experimental singer-songwriter’s idiosyncratic spin on R&B and dance.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
John Gunther of Harper’s, meanwhile, wrote a razor-sharp account of Mussolini’s masterful manipulation of a U.S. press that couldn’t resist him.
Salon(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 善于控制别人的; 善于控制形势的; 熟练的; 娴熟的
分布：熟练的(59%)，傲慢的(31%)，出色的(10%)
→来自master,大师。比喻用法。
US ['mæs.tɚ-] adjective
ABLE TO CONTROL 有驾驭能力的
■able to control people and situations 有控制能力的，有驾驭能力的
• Once she became a prosecutor, she quickly established herself as a masterful trial lawyer. 她一成为原告律师就很快脱颖而出，成为一名能掌控局面的法庭辩护律师。
• He has a deep, masterful voice. 他的声音低沉而威严。
UK ['mɑ:.stə.fəl] US ['mæs.tɚ-] adjective
SKILFUL 熟练的
■If an action is masterful, it is very skilful 熟练的；精湛的
• a masterful performance 精湛的表演
adj. 专横的，傲慢的；主人派头的；熟练的
 - experienced, skilled, accomplished, clever

Word: mesopotamia
Front: mesopotamia
[ˌmesəupəˈteimjə] (-/24723)
Back: n. 美索不达米亚（西南亚地区）
分布：名词(100%)

Word: mugger
Front: mugger
[ˈmʌgə(r)] (19703/20426)
Vocabulary: mugger
(once / 19832 pages)
n
Someone who steals another person's personal property after threatening to hurt them (or actually hurting them) is a mugger. Most muggers attack their victims in a public place.
To steal things from someone is to rob them, and when it happens outside on the street or sidewalk, especially with the threat of violence, the robber is usually called a mugger. A mugger might brandish a weapon or merely threaten harm, and he usually steals money, jewelry, cell phones, or other valuables. Mugger comes from the verb mug, or "beat up," which originally meant "punch in the face," from the nickname mug, or "face."
WORD FAMILY
mugger: muggers+/ mug: mugful, mugged, muggee, mugger, mugging, mugs/mugful: mugfuls/muggee: muggees/mugging: muggings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Venezuela is one of the most crime-ridden countries on Earth but few muggers bothered to rob people of their soon-to-be-worthless cash.
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
At night, the medical student said, these stairwells were dangerous—unlit and prowled by muggers.
The New Yorker(Nov 06, 2016)
Prosecutors say Jones reported that a mugger shot him.
Washington Times(Nov 04, 2016)
Back: n. 抢劫犯，拦路抢劫者
分布：抢劫者(82%)，丑角(18%)
→来自mug,抢劫。
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■a person who attacks people in order to steal their money 拦路抢劫者，行凶抢劫犯

Word: murk
Front: murk
[mɜ:k] (24078/34796)
Back: n. 黑暗
分布：昏暗(40%)，阴暗(40%)，昏暗的(20%)
→来自mer,闪光，闪烁，词源同morning,morrow.引申词义昏暗，黑暗。
US [mɝ:k] noun uncountable
■darkness or thick cloud, preventing you from seeing clearly 黑暗，昏暗；浓云
• It was foggy and the sun shone feebly through the murk. 雾气弥漫，浓雾中透射出微弱的阳光。
n. 黑暗；阴沉，阴郁
 - night, gloominess
adj. 阴郁的；黑暗的
 - sad, dark, gray, gloomy

Word: outrun
Front: outrun
[ˌaʊtˈrʌn] (16586/21358)
Vocabulary: outrun
(once / 3768 pages)
v
To outrun someone is to move faster than they do. Your lazy cat might enjoy hunting for mice, although the mice always seem to outrun him in the end.
You can outrun an opponent in a race, and you can also watch a video game character outrun a pursuing zombie — outrun can also mean "escape from." Your dog might enjoy chasing cars, never managing to outrun them. More figuratively, you can say that your hopes always outrun the reality of a situation. In other words, what you dream of exceeds what actually happens.
WORD FAMILY
outrun: outran, outrunning, outruns
USAGE EXAMPLES
And, as Prometheus taught anyone who happened to be paying attention, technologies, once unleashed, tend to outrun the grip of their would-be masters.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
BMW AG and others place financial bets on small startups in an effort to outrun Silicon Valley tech giants that are trying to reinvent automobiles.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
The wave would almost certainly catch most of the people trying to outrun it.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vt. 跑得比…快; 逃脱; 逃走; 超出
时态：outran, outrun, outrunning, outruns
分布：超过(84%)，从...逃脱(8%)，比 ... 跑得更快(8%)
[ˌaʊt'rʌn] (outrunning, outran, outrun)
verb transitive
■to move faster or further than someone or something 比…跑得快（或远）
• The thieves easily outran the policewoman who was chasing them. 小偷跑得很快，轻而易举地甩掉了追赶他们的女警。
■to develop faster or further than something 发展得比…快；超过，胜过
• In the future, demand for tungsten will outrun supply. 将来钨会供不应求。
vt. 超过；跑得比…快；从…逃脱
 - better than, top

Word: orchestral
Front: orchestral
[ɔ:ˈkestrəl] (16850/13143)
Back: adj. 管弦乐队（演奏）的，为管弦乐队演奏的; 管弦乐队的
分布：管弦乐队的(50%)，管弦乐的(50%)
→来自orchestra,管弦乐。
ADJ
管弦乐队的；管弦乐的
Orchestral means relating to an orchestra and the music it plays.
例：...an orchestral concert.管弦乐音乐会

Word: oblique
Front: oblique
[əˈbli:k] (雅宝 14956/13859 -1)
Vocabulary: oblique
(once / 1110 pages)
1adjn 2n
If something is oblique, it has a slanting position or direction. In figurative use, oblique means indirect or purposely misleading. "What is two plus two?" "Fish!" as an answer is completely oblique.
In math, this adjective refers to geometric lines or planes that are not parallel or perpendicular to a line or surface. A playground is positioned at an oblique angle to the ground. By correcting the clerk's "Mrs." with "That's Ms. now," the woman made an oblique reference to her change in marital status.
WORD FAMILY
oblique: obliquely, obliqueness, obliques, obliquest, obliquity+/obliquity: obliquities
USAGE EXAMPLES
The island is beautiful but oblique, sublime yet functionally inscrutable.
Time(Dec 19, 2016)
The hope was that the retreat might provide an occasion for the unpredictable, oblique, Bell Labs-ish exchanges that kept a mature company prolific.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
His sense of horror craftsmanship is at once meticulous and oblique.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. 斜，倾斜的; [数]非直角的，非垂直的，斜角，斜面; 拐弯抹角的，间接的; 暗中的
v. 倾斜
n. 倾斜物
分布：倾斜(40%)，斜的(32%)，间接的(10%)，拐弯抹角的(8%)，不光明正大的(5%)，倾斜物(5%)
→ob-,相对，对着的，-liq,斜的，来自lei,弯，转，词源同limb,leg.引申词义间接的，拐弯抹角的。
倾斜的(ob[ob-表示"逆,倒,加强意义"]+lique歪斜→歪斜的)
【记】读：我不立que一不是站着－斜的
【反】direct（adj 径直的）
US [oʊ-] adjective
ANGLE 角度
■having a sloping direction, angle or position 斜的；倾斜的
• Through the window came the last few oblique rays of evening sunshine. 最后几束余晖透过窗口斜射进来。
• He gave her an oblique glance. 他斜了她一眼。
■specialized
■(of an angle) either more or less than 90° 斜角的
UK [əʊ'bli:k] US [oʊ-] adjective
NOT DIRECT 间接的
■describes remarks which are not direct, so that the real meaning is not immediately clear 间接的；拐弯抹角的；不直截了当的
• She made several oblique references to the current financial situation. 她好几次拐弯抹角地提及目前的财务状况。
UK [əʊ'bli:k] US [oʊ-] noun countable (also o_blique ^stroke) UK for a slash in punctuation 标点符号中的斜线号
• Fractions can be written with oblique strokes, for example 2/3. 分数可以写成带斜线的形式，如2/3。
adj. [数] 斜的；不光明正大的
 - off-angle, pitched
vi. 倾斜
 - pitch, slope, lean

Word: objectively
Front: objectively
[əb'dʒektɪvlɪ] (12438/11272)
Vocabulary: objectively
(once / 8295 pages)
adv
When you do something objectively, you do it with an open mind, considering the facts rather than your personal feelings. A spelling bee judge has to make decisions objectively.
Being able to think objectively is important for many jobs — teachers shouldn't favor certain students, but ought to act objectively, and of course lawyers and judges are expected to think objectively. Chess players and historians are more successful if they think objectively as well. The adverb comes from its related adjective, objective, by way of the Medieval Latin objectum, "thing presented to the mind," combining ob-, "in the way of" with jacere, "to throw."
WORD FAMILY
objective: nonobjective, objectively, objectiveness, objectives, objectivity, unobjective+/ objectivity: objectivities/unobjective: unobjectively
USAGE EXAMPLES
Completing the journey is predictively and repeatably possible—anyone who claims otherwise is objectively wrong—but it’s also not for the faint of heart.
Time(Dec 19, 2016)
Productivity targets are set objectively, based on previous performance levels achieved by our workforce.”
The Guardian(Dec 11, 2016)
He added: “The standard of teaching was objectively unacceptable.”
The Guardian(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: adv. 客观地
分布：客观地(100%)
N-COUNT
目的；目标；宗旨
Your objective is what you are trying to achieve.
例：Our main objective was the recovery of the child safe and well...我们的主要目标是将孩子安然无恙地找回来。
例：His objective was to play golf and win.他的目标是参加高尔夫球比赛并赢得胜利。
ADJ
（信息）客观的，基于事实的
Objective information is based on facts.
例：He had no objective evidence that anything extraordinary was happening.他没有客观证据表明正在发生什么不同寻常之事。
ADJ-GRADED
（观点）客观的，不带个人感情的，没有个人偏见的
If someone is objective, they base their opinions on facts rather than on their personal feelings.
例：I believe that a journalist should be completely objective...我认为新闻记者不应当有丝毫偏见。
例：I would really like to have your objective opinion on this.我很想听听你对此事的客观见解。

Word: oversell
Front: oversell
[ˌəʊvəˈsel] (34119/-)
Back: v. 销售过多，卖空，吹嘘过度
分布：过分吹嘘(100%)
→over-,超过，过度，sell,卖，吹嘘。
US [ˌoʊ.vɚ-] (oversold, oversold) mainly US
verb transitive
■to sell more than is available 销售过多；空头销售
• The flight had been oversold. 该航班机票超售了。
vi. 卖空；过分吹嘘
 - sell short

Word: paediatrician
Front: paediatrician
[ˌpi:diəˈtrɪʃn] (29776/20372)
Back: n. 儿科医师
分布：儿科医师(100%)
UK (ALSO US pediatrician) [ˌpi:.di.ə'trɪʃ.ən] noun countable
■a doctor who has special training in medical care for children 小儿科医生，小儿科专家
n. 儿科专家；小儿科医师
 - pedologist

Word: passable
Front: passable
[ˈpɑ:səbl] (21468/19299)
Vocabulary: passable
(once / 1179 pages)
1adj 2adj
Something you can physically cross is passable. A passable trail through the woods isn't blocked by obstacles like fallen trees or flooded streams.
After a hurricane, the roads you normally travel may not be passable because of dangling power lines or tree branches. This definition dates from the fifteenth century, literally meaning "able to be passed" or "able to be crossed." A later meaning of passable is "acceptable." You can use this word to describe things that aren't wonderful, but are good enough: "It's not the moistest cake I've ever tasted, but it's passable."
WORD FAMILY
passable: impassable, passably, unpassable+/ impassable: impassably/overpass: overpasses, overpast/ pass: overpass, passable, passage, passed, passer, passes, passing, underpass/ passage: passages/passer: passers/ passing: passinger, passings/underpass: underpasses
USAGE EXAMPLES
By the same token, it’s hard for a Chinese restaurant to distinguish itself when there’s a seemingly passable iteration on every Manhattan block.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
Some even dubbed them “Swanselona” over the years, a reference to Swansea’s passable imitation of Barcelona’s preferred style.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The first verse was passable, a bit shaky, but I was certain I would settle.
The New Yorker(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: adj. 过得去的，尚可的; 通行无阻; 比上不足， 比下有余; 还好
分布：过得去的(85%)，令人满意的(15%)
→来自pass,走过，通过。
US ['pæs.ə-] adjective
GO PAST 经过的
■possible to travel on 可通行的，能通过的
• Because of the heavy snow, roads were passable only with care in parts of Northern England. 因为下大雪，英格兰北部某些地区的道路要格外小心才能驶过。
UK ['pɑ:.sə.bl] US ['pæs.ə-] adjective
OKAY 尚可的
■satisfactory but not excellent 过得去的，尚可的
• Mary can speak passable Russian. 玛丽的俄语说得还算可以。
adj. 尚可的；可通行的；（钱币等）可流通的
 - transitable

Word: perle

Word: pauper
Front: pauper
[ˈpɔ:pə(r)] (托宝 21664/15311)
Vocabulary: pauper
(once / 1179 pages)
n
Pauper is an old-fashioned word for someone who is poor — really poor, like the paupers described by Charles Dickens or Mark Twain.
The noun pauper has been around for over 500 years, but today, the word tends to mostly crop up in literature. If people use it in conversation, they tend to use the word self-deprecatingly. "I'm sorry, I can't afford to go with you to the movies. I'm living like a pauper this week, until I get paid."
WORD FAMILY
pauper: pauperise, pauperism, pauperize, paupers+/pauperise: pauperisation, pauperised, pauperises, pauperising/pauperize: pauperization, pauperized, pauperizes, pauperizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
He read up on matricide, the crime of killing one's mother, political prisoners, "lying in state", coffins and arrangements for a pauper's funeral.
BBC(Nov 23, 2016)
By early Thursday morning, the Chicago Cubs had won, 8-7, and been crowned kings, and the Cleveland Indians remained paupers.
New York Times(Nov 03, 2016)
They weren’t paupers in their campaigns, but they spent significantly less than the two congressmen.
Washington Times(Nov 13, 2016)
Back: n. 穷人; 贫民; 贫穷
分布：穷人(43%)，乞丐(39%)，贫民(18%)
→来自拉丁语pauper,穷的，来自*pau,少的，小的，词源同few,poor.
【记】读：跑破，跑得裤子都破了－乞丐，贫民
US ['pɑ:.pɚ] noun countable
■a very poor person 穷人，贫民
n. 乞丐；穷人；靠救济度日者
 - panhandler, begger

Word: pitchfork
Front: pitchfork
[ˈpɪtʃfɔ:k] (22185/25645)
Vocabulary: pitchfork
(once / 5162 pages)
nv
A pitchfork is a large three-pronged tool used for gardening or farming. If you want to see an image of a pitchfork, just google an image of the famous painting "American Gothic."
With a pitchfork, a farmer can easily scoop beneath a pile of hay or straw, lift it, and toss it into a pile. Most pitchforks have wooden handles and metal prongs, and they've been around since the Middle Ages. Back then, they were sometimes used as a weapon too. The word pitchfork comes from the "toss or throw" meaning of pitch, plus fork, from the Old English forca, "forked instrument or weapon."
WORD FAMILY
pitchfork: pitchforked, pitchforking, pitchforks
USAGE EXAMPLES
Don’t sharpen your pitchforks and expect me to lead you to his lair, however.
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
The guy in the painting, how he’s holding a pitchfork, looks like an angry version of the man in Grant Wood’s “American Gothic.”
New York Times(Dec 04, 2016)
Police said Rivera entered the house and shot Schumacher as he approached him brandishing the pitchfork.
Washington Times(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: n. 杈子，干草叉
时态：pitchforked, pitchforking, pitchforks
分布：干草叉(54%)，长柄草耙(27%)，抛入(13%)，硬塞(6%)
→来自中古英语pickfork,干草叉，词义受pitch（扔，抛）影响而使拼写俗化。
US [-fɔ:rk] noun countable
■a tool with a long handle and two or three large curved metal points used for moving hay (= dried grass) or straw 干草叉
UK ['pɪtʃ.fɔ:k] US [-fɔ:rk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  pitchfork sb into sth
■to cause someone suddenly to be in a particular situation, usually a difficult one, especially when they are not ready 强行把（某人）推入
• Her father died when she was 22, and she was pitchforked into the running of the estate. 她22岁时父亲去世了，她不得不勉为其难着手管理庄园。
n. 干草叉；长柄草耙；音叉
 - tuning fork, diapason

Word: phalanx
Front: phalanx
[ˈfælæŋks] (18541/33016)
Vocabulary: phalanx
(once / 2769 pages)
1n 2n
A phalanx is a tightly knit group of people or things, like an army troop or a bunch of fans of the same band.
Phalanx refers to any tightly formed group of soldiers or officers, and historically defines a body of Macedonian infantry whose shields overlapped. From that sense, it came to mean any close-knit group. Another definition of phalanx — any bone in a finger or toe — also came out of the military sense: these bones work together closely, just like a military phalanx. The plural for these bones is phalanges, while the plural for the other senses is phalanxes.
WORD FAMILY
phalanx: phalangeal, phalanges, phalanxes
USAGE EXAMPLES
Data are incorporated from a phalanx of personality tests that Mr. Dalio requires of his employees.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 22, 2016)
On the night Vanessa Dundon was shot in the eye, she was on the front lines looking up at a phalanx of police.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
The political correctness police are instantly transformed into a phalanx of heathen Scrooges and Grinches.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 方阵; 密集队; 密集人群; 趾骨
分布：方阵(53%)，趾骨(27%)，密集队(10%)，密集人群(10%)
→来自中古法语phalange,来自拉丁语phalanx,方阵，队伍，步兵阵形，可能来自bhelg,柱子，板块，词源同balk,block.
US ['feɪ.læŋks] (plural phalanxes or phalanges) formal
noun countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■a large group of people standing very close to each other, usually for the purposes of defence or attack 密集的人群，方阵（通常以防御或攻击为目的）
• Bodyguards formed a solid phalanx around the singer so that photographers couldn't get close. 保镖在歌手周围形成密集的人墙，阻止摄影师靠近。

Word: penthouse
Front: penthouse
[ˈpenthaʊs] (14533/20559)
Vocabulary: penthouse
(once / 6678 pages)
n
A penthouse is fancy apartment on the very highest floor of a tall building. The penthouse can be a status symbol. Just ask the characters from "The Jeffersons" — they moved on up to a “deluxe apartment in the sky.”
While you can use the word penthouse for any top floor apartment, it usually implies something luxurious. A penthouse is often the fanciest and most expensive apartment in the building. Sometimes a penthouse even has its own private elevator. The first penthouses appeared in the 1920s, some taking up entire top floors, though the word has been in use much longer. Originally, it meant "simple structure," from the Old French apentis, "attached building."
WORD FAMILY
penthouse: penthouses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Prosecutors say he rented the penthouse flat in China cheaply from a shareholder of broadcast company Wave Media.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
To get to work, Mr. Trump steps onto the private elevator in his gilded three-story penthouse, presses 26 and waits a matter of seconds.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
New York City’s highest residence, a penthouse at the pinnacle of the super tall 432 Park Avenue, finally closed.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. （大楼平顶上的）楼顶房屋，遮篷
分布：楼顶阁楼(100%)
→来自盎格鲁法语pantiz,缩写自古法语apentis,附属，悬挂，来自拉丁语appendere,悬挂，依附，词源同append,pendant.原指楼顶临时搭建的小帐篷或小屋子之类，后用于指阁楼豪华套房。拼写受house影响俗化。
noun countable
■an expensive apartment or set of rooms at the top of a hotel or tall building （豪华的）顶层公寓，屋顶房间
• The singer is staying in a penthouse suite (= set of rooms) in the Hilton. 那位歌手住在希尔顿饭店的一套顶层客房里。
n. 阁楼；顶层公寓， [建] 屋顶房间
 - mezzanine floor, cockloft

Word: porch
Front: porch
[pɔ:tʃ] (研四六雅 3042/7959 -1)
Back: n. 门廊; 游廊，走廊
分布：门廊(100%)
→来自古法语porche,门廊，走廊，来自拉丁语porticus,门廊，走廊，来自porta,门，入口，词源同port.
n.门廊,入口处The scorched couch is put in the porch of epoch.被烤焦睡椅放在时代门廊内.
US [pɔ:rtʃ] noun countable
■a covered structure in front of the entrance to a building 门廊
■US
■a veranda 走廊
• We sat out on the porch to cool off. 我们坐在外面的走廊上乘凉。
n. 门廊；走廊
 - passage, corridor

Word: precipitation
Front: precipitation
[prɪˌsɪpɪˈteɪʃn] (托宝 11784/17263)
Vocabulary: precipitation
(once / 2902 pages)
1n 2n
Precipitation is rain, snow, sleet, or hail — any kind of weather condition where something's falling from the sky.
Precipitation has to do with things falling down, and not just from the sky. It's also what happens in chemical reactions when a solid settles to the bottom of a solution. If you have hard water where you live, you might find lime deposits — a flaky white crust — on your faucets and showerhead. That's caused by precipitation of the minerals in the water. The minerals settle out — they precipitate — and clog the pipes.
WORD FAMILY
precipitation: precipitations+/ precipitate: precipitated, precipitately, precipitateness, precipitates, precipitating, precipitation, precipitator/precipitator: precipitators
USAGE EXAMPLES
We got enough precipitation to fill our reservoirs for the summer.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Precipitation during that period totaled just 38.79 inches — roughly half of the normal amount.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Pattee says the cooler temperatures and above normal precipitation is expected to continue for the next three months.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 匆促; 沉淀; （雨等）降落; 某地区降雨等的量
分布：沉淀(79%)，降雨量(11%)，冰雹(3%)，仓促(2%)，坠落(2%)，凝结(2%)，急躁(1%)
→来自precipitate,降水，降雪，沉积。
降落,仓促(pre+cipit头→ation→落在前头→降落,下降)[pre-表示"…前的,预先"]
US [pri:-] noun uncountable
RAIN 雨 specialized
■water which falls from the clouds towards the ground, especially as rain or snow （尤指雨或雪的）降落；降水
• Hail and sleet are types of precipitation. 冰雹和冻雨都是降水形式。
• The forecast is for dry, cloudy weather with no precipitation expected. 天气预报是干燥多云，没有降水。
UK [prɪˌsɪp.ɪ'teɪ.ʃən] US [pri:-] noun uncountable
QUICK ACTION 行动 formal
■a way of behaving too quickly and without thinking 急躁，冲动
• The prime minister has been accused of acting with precipitation (= too quickly) over the crisis. 总理被指责在处理危机问题上贸然行动。
UK [prɪˌsɪp.ɪ'teɪ.ʃən] US [pri:-] noun uncountable
CHEMISTRY 化学 specialized
■when a solid substance is produced from a liquid during a chemical process 沉淀物，析出物质
• The compound is finally obtained by precipitation. 化合物最终是透过沉淀反应获得的。
n. [化学] 沉淀，沉淀物；冰雹；坠落；鲁莽
 - deposit, sludge, sediment, subsidence

Word: procrastination
Front: procrastination
[prəʊˌkræstɪ'neɪʃn] (20478/23277)
Vocabulary: procrastination
(once / 7954 pages)
n
Procrastination is putting off or deferring an action (usually one we don't want to do) until a later time (usually the last minute).
Activities that inspire procrastination include work, chores, studying, or anything else we don't feel like doing right now. Activities we choose in our procrastination include surfing the Internet, watching television, reorganizing our pencils, talking on the phone, or sleeping. Great synonyms for this word include dilly-dallying and shillyshally.
WORD FAMILY
procrastination: procrastinations+/ procrastinate: procrastinated, procrastinates, procrastinating, procrastination, procrastinator / procrastinator: procrastinators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Thankfully, Beyoncé stays up to deal with me and my procrastination, as well.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Procrastination may work in your favor if you end up not seeing a person you’re shopping for until after Christmas.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Procrastination is not the death knell for holiday travel.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: n. 延迟，拖延
分布：拖延(94%)，耽搁(6%)
【区】procrustean（adj （不顾个体区别或特殊环境无情地）强求一致的）源自Procrustes，普罗克拉斯提斯，古希腊传说中阿提卡的一个强盗；他将被他抓到的人放在一张铁床上；比床长的人；被其砍去长出的部分; 比床短的人；被其强行拉长；后来被提修斯用同样手法杀掉。
【反】diligence（n 勤奋）
n. 耽搁，拖延
 - delay, tarriance

Word: quant
Front: quant
[kwænt] (42600/42089)
Back: n. （诺福克郡等处驳船上用的一头带有凸起以防陷入泥中的）篙
vt. 用篙撑（船）
分布：船桨(44%)，用篙撑(28%)，数量分析专家(28%)

Word: reconnect
Front: reconnect
[ˌri:kəˈnekt] (13425/33790)
Back: vt. 再供应（水电等），再接通（电话）
时态：reconnected, reconnecting, reconnects
分布：重新连接(93%)，使再接合(7%)
→re-,再，重新，connect,连接。
VERB
重新接通;重新提供
If a company reconnects your electricity, water, gas, or telephone after it has been stopped, they provide you with it once again.
例：They charge a £66.10 fee for reconnecting cut-off customers...他们向申请重新接通服务的用户收取66.10英镑的费用。
例：Local electricity companies say some homes won't be reconnected until the end of the week.当地电力公司称一些住户要到周末才能恢复供电。

Word: registrar
Front: registrar
[ˌredʒɪˈstrɑ:(r)] (雅 18801/7203 -1)
Vocabulary: registrar
(once / 5661 pages)
n
A registrar is the head of a university's record-keeping department. It's the job of the registrar to keep track of class schedules and a record of students' grades.
At a college or university, the registrar is the person who's responsible for keeping accurate records of classes, students, and grades. You might visit the registrar if your schedule needs to be changed, or when you want a copy of your transcript to send to a graduate school or for a fellowship application. Registrar comes from the Medieval Latin registrarius, "one who keeps a record,"
WORD FAMILY
registrar: registrars
USAGE EXAMPLES
Even if a college registrar finally masters the particulars of a program, the military might change it, requiring the entire process to begin again.
Time(Dec 21, 2016)
“We think being a registry and a registrar kind of creates some problems for the channel,” Stahura said.
Seattle Times(Dec 04, 2016)
Early voting runs daily from 8:30 a.m. to 6 p.m., except on Sunday, at local parish registrar of voters’ offices and other designated locations.
Washington Times(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: n. 登记员; 教务主任; 政券登记员; 医院接收员
分布：记录员(100%)
→来自 register,登记，记录。
注册员(register注册)[-ar 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人,物"]
US ['redʒ.ɪ.strɑ:r] noun countable
KEEPING RECORDS 保存记录
■an official whose job is to keep official records, especially of births, deaths and marriages （尤指出生、死亡和婚姻登记的）登记员，户籍管理员
■at some colleges, an official in charge of examinations, keeping records and admitting new students （某些大学的）注册主任，教务主任，教务长
UK [ˌredʒ.ɪ'strɑ:r] US ['redʒ.ɪ.strɑ:r] noun countable
DOCTOR 医生 UK a type of hospital doctor 专科住院医生
• A hospital registrar is of a lower rank than a consultant. 医院的专科住院医生比会诊医生级别低。
n. 登记员；注册主任；专科住院医师
 - greffier

Word: quintuple
Front: quintuple
[ˈkwɪntjʊpl] (30344/42878)
Back: adj. 五的，五倍的，五部分组成的
n. 五倍
vt. 使成五倍
时态：quintupled, quintupling, quintuples
分布：五倍的(25%)，使成五倍(23%)，五倍量(23%)，五个一组(15%)，五部分构成的(7%)，五重的(7%)
→quint-,五，-ple,倍数，词源同triple,quadruple.
adj. [数] 五倍的；五部分组成的
 - pentaploid
n. [数] 五倍量；五个一组
 - pentad

Word: returnee
Front: returnee
[rɪˌtɜ:ˈni:] (19603/43436)
Back: n. 回国人员，返回者
分布：回国的军人(58%)，回国者(42%)
归来者(retutn归来)[-ee表名词"被动或主动的人"]

Word: repulsive
Front: repulsive
[rɪˈpʌlsɪv] (托 15753/19199)
Vocabulary: repulsive
(once / 1370 pages)
1adj 2adj
If something's repulsive, it's so disgusting you don't want to go near it. You may find rotting meat repulsive, but maggots find it delicious. To each its own!
In the early 17th Century, the word repulsive simply meant something that repelled or "pushed away." For example, the like poles of two magnets are repulsive to each other, pushing each other away. Today, repulsive usually means disturbing and sickening. As manners guru Amy Vanderbilt said, "Do not speak of repulsive matters at the table."
WORD FAMILY
repulsive: repulsively, repulsiveness+/ repel: repellant, repelled, repellent, repelling, repels, repulsive /repellant: repellantly, repellants/ repellent: repellently, repellents/repelling: repellingly/repulsiveness: repulsivenesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
I found these proposals repulsive, and declined them both.
The Guardian(Dec 02, 2016)
The revived bank, which Mnuchin called OneWest Bank, was accused by a judge of engaging in “harsh, repugnant, shocking and repulsive” practices.
The Guardian(Nov 30, 2016)
His top priorities are helping veterans and people who are homeless, he said, and both of the major-party candidates had “repulsive” qualities.
Seattle Times(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 令人厌恶的，可憎的; 丑恶
分布：令人厌恶的(60%)，排斥的(40%)
排斥的,击退的(repulse+ive)[pel,puls=drive,push,表示"驱动,推"]
令人厌恶的(re反+puls推...反推出去)[-ive 1.表形容词2.表名词后缀,"人或物"]
adjective
■extremely unpleasant or unacceptable 令人厌恶的；使人反感的；可憎的
• What a repulsive old man! 这老头子真是令人厌恶！
• I think rats and snakes are repulsive. 我觉得老鼠和蛇很讨厌。
adj. 排斥的；令人厌恶的；击退的；冷淡的
 - cold, ugly

Word: revealing
Front: revealing
[rɪˈvi:lɪŋ] (宝 9191/9470 -2)
Vocabulary: revealing
(once / 856 pages)
adjn
Use the adjective revealing to describe disclosing something that was hidden, either literally or figuratively. If you ask people if they've ever cheated on a test, you may get revealing answers that tell you whether the person is honest or not.
Revealing comes from the Latin word revelare, which literally means "unveil," and that word has its roots in re-, meaning "the opposite of," and velare meaning "to cover or veil." It is little wonder that the adjective revealing is often used to describe clothing that leaves little to the imagination. If your daughter's date comes to the door in a revealing shirt with almost every button undone, you might ask him to put on a jacket or else he'll be sure to catch cold.
WORD FAMILY
revealing: revealingly, revealings+/ reveal: revealed, revealing, reveals, revelation, revelatory /revealed: unrevealed/ revelation: revelations
USAGE EXAMPLES
But this is a revealing glimpse into the way security forces are operating in Rakhine.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Yet he also sustains an underlying sense of tension, revealing a deeper musical structure that evokes an ever-intensifying spiritual struggle.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
This is the revealing story of the birth of Mass Observation.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 有启示作用的，给人启发的; 透露真情的; 袒胸露肩的
v. 显示，展示; 揭示，揭露; 泄露
分布：有启迪作用的(45%)，透露内情的(33%)，动词reveal的现在分词.(11%)，袒露身体的(11%)
→来自 reveal,揭示，揭露。
adjective
■describes clothes which show more of the body than is usual （衣服）暴露的，使身体过分裸露的
• a revealing dress/shirt 过于暴露的连衣裙／衬衣
■showing something that was not previously known or seen 揭露真相的；透露内情的；发人深省的
• A joke can be very revealing about/of what someone's really thinking. 从一个人说的笑话中可以看出他内心的真实想法。
v. 揭示；展现（reveal的ing形式）
 - unveiling

Word: shooter
Front: shooter
[ˈʃu:tə(r)] (6706/23710 -1)
Back: n. 射手; 枪炮
分布：射手(92%)，枪炮(8%)
N-COUNT
射手;枪手
A shooter is a person who shoots a gun.
例：An eyewitness identified him as the shooter...一位目击者认出他就是那个开枪者。
例：I have been a shooter for 16 years and enjoy my sport.我从事射击运动已经 16 年了，很喜爱这项运动。
N-COUNT
枪
A shooter is a gun.
n. 射手；枪炮
 - shot, bowyer

Word: semen
Front: semen
[ˈsi:men] (14940/16598 -1)
Back: n. 精液; 种子
分布：精液(100%)
→来自拉丁语 semen,精液，精子，种子，来自 se,播种，词源同 sow,seed.-men,名词后缀。
noun uncountable
■a thick whitish liquid containing sperm which is produced by the sex organs of men and some male animals 精液
⇒ See also seminal
n. [生理] 精液；精子
 - seed, seminal fluid

Word: scarlet
Front: scarlet
[ˈskɑ:lət] (六托 10320/7155 -1)
Vocabulary: scarlet
(once / 357 pages)
nadj
Use the adjective scarlet to describe things that are a deep, rich red color, like a robin's breast or a wild strawberry.
Some things are such a vivid shade that red doesn't seem to be quite accurate — scarlet is the perfect word to use for them. Blood is scarlet, and so are rubies and ripe cherries and some brilliant red roses. You can also use scarlet as a noun, to talk about the color itself: "My favorite painter uses a lot of scarlet." In the mid-13th century, scarlet simply meant "rich cloth," which might have been the color scarlet or some other color entirely.
WORD FAMILY
scarlet: scarletly, scarlets
USAGE EXAMPLES
Holmes and Watson first appeared in A Study in Scarlet, published in 1887.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
He finished with 18 points and 4 rebounds and the Scarlet Knights barely survived, escaping with a 77-75 victory.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
They confronted scarlet fever, “grippe,” deafness, loneliness and destitution.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 猩红色; 红衣; 象征罪恶的深红色; 绯红色
adj. 深红的; 鲜红色的; 罪孽深重的; 淫荡的
分布：猩红(71%)，红衣(11%)，绯红色(10%)，猩红的(6%)，绯红色的(2%)
→来自古法语 escarlate,红布，来自拉丁语 scarlatum,红布，来自波斯语 saqerlat,红布，特指颜色 鲜红的布。并由该词衍生姓氏 Scarlett,染色工或布商，如好莱坞著名美女 Scarlett Johansson.
US ['skɑ:r-] noun uncountable adjective
■bright red 猩红色（的），绯红色（的），鲜红色（的）
• scarlet berries 鲜红的浆果
• He went scarlet with shame. 他羞愧得满脸通红。
adj. 深红的；鲜红色的；罪孽深重的；淫荡的
 - immoral, lewd

Word: sniffy
Front: sniffy
[ˈsnɪfi] (-/41530)
Back: adj. 嗤之以鼻的，自命不凡的
分布：自命不凡的(54%)，嗤之以鼻的(46%)
['snɪf.i] informal
adjective
■showing disapproval and a low opinion 轻蔑的，轻视的
• She's a bit sniffy about my taste in music. 她对我的音乐品味嗤之以鼻。
adj. 嗤之以鼻的；自命不凡的；微臭的
 - self-glorifying, pretentious

Word: satisfactorily
Front: satisfactorily
[ˌsætɪs'fæktərəlɪ] (六 17786/8446)
Back: adv. 令人满意地; 心安理得地; 可靠地
分布：满意地(50%)，圆满地(50%)
ADJ-GRADED
令人满意的;恰当的;合适的
Something that is satisfactory is acceptable to you or fulfils a particular need or purpose.
例：I never got a satisfactory answer...我从未得到令我满意的答复。
例：It seemed a very satisfactory arrangement...这似乎是个非常令人满意的安排。
adv. 令人满意地
 - gratifyingly

Word: sociable
Front: sociable
[ˈsəʊʃəbl] (研托雅宝 20210/14328 -1)
Vocabulary: sociable
(once / 1476 pages)
adjn
When you're sociable, you're willing to talk and be friendly with other people. At a party, it's a good idea to be sociable and make new friends rather than standing off in a corner by yourself.
Sociable comes from the Latin sociabilis meaning "close, intimate." When you are sociable with others, you invite them to get close to you by being friendly and pleasant. When a place or group of people is friendly and inviting, it can be described as sociable. Certain small towns are known to be friendly and sociable.
WORD FAMILY
sociable: sociability, sociableness, sociables, sociably, unsociable+/sociability: sociabilities/ social: antisocial, nonsocial, sociable, socialise, socialism, sociality, socialize, socially, socials, unsocial/socialise: socialisation, socialised, socialiser, socialising/ socialism: socialisms, socialist, socialistic/ socialist: socialists/socialistic: socialistically/sociality: socialities/ socialization: socializations/ socialize: socialization, socialized, socializer, socializes, socializing/socializer: socializers/unsociable: unsociability, unsociableness, unsociably/unsocial: unsocially
USAGE EXAMPLES
But it also keeps me sane and sociable.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
The tableau is sociable and cross-class in a lonely and fragmenting society.
Economist(Dec 20, 2016)
For Prof Ratti, a communal way of life is not just more sustainable but more sociable.
BBC(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: adj. 随和的，好交际的，友善的
n. 〈美〉恳亲会; 〈英〉对座四轮马车; （二人座）S形椅子
分布：好交际的(63%)，社交的(37%)
→soc-,群体的，社会的，-able,形容词后缀。
爱社交的(soc+iable)[soc=companion表示"同伴",引申为"社会"]
a.好交际的,友好的,合群的The Smiths are sociable.史密斯一家人很好交际.
US ['soʊ-] approving
adjective
 ADVANCED
■describes someone who likes to meet and spend time with other people 好交际的，善于社交的，合群的
• Rob's very sociable - he likes his parties. 罗布非常喜欢交际——他喜欢搞派对。
• I had a headache and I wasn't feeling very sociable. 我头痛，不想参加交际活动。
Opposite unsociable
adj. 社交的；好交际的；友善的
 - gregarious, amicable
n. 联谊会
 - social gathering, sodality

Word: stardust
Front: stardust
[ˈstɑ:dʌst] (20560/26111)
Back: n. 星团，幻觉; 星尘
分布：星尘(58%)，星团(26%)，梦幻(16%)
US ['stɑ:r-] literary
noun uncountable
■(something which causes) a pleasant dream-like or romantic feeling 梦幻；浪漫的感觉；引起梦幻感觉之物
n. 星团；宇宙尘；幻觉
 - illusion, fantasy

Word: statecraft
Front: statecraft
[ˈsteɪtkrɑ:ft] (26186/44530)
Back: n. 管理国家的本领; 经纶
分布：国务才能(50%)，治国本领(50%)
→state,国家，craft,才能。
US [-kræft] noun uncountable
■the skill of governing a country 治国才能 ； 政治手腕

Word: stillborn
Front: stillborn
[ˈstɪlbɔ:n] (21893/24005)
Back: adj. 死产的; 流产的; 失败的; 夭折的
分布：死产的(63%)，流产的(37%)
US [-'bɔ:rn/ UK ['--] adjective
■born dead 死产的
• a stillborn baby 死产儿
• The child was stillborn. 孩子是死产。
■If an idea or event is stillborn, it is unsuccessful or does not happen. （想法或事件）夭折的，胎死腹中的

Word: swivel
Front: swivel
[ˈswɪvl] (11169/12552 -1)
Vocabulary: swivel
(once / 4641 pages)
vn
A swivel is a device that allows something to turn freely. Desk chairs are often designed so the seat can swivel atop the base. In the hospital, the TV is usually mounted on a swivel so that patients can adjust it.
Swivel comes from a middle English word, swive, meaning to sweep. It’s often used to describe gun mountings, like on a tank or a boat where a gun is fastened down but can still be swung around in any direction. But people can also swivel. If you were in the middle of robbing a bank and you heard a noise behind you, you’d probably swivel around quickly to see what it was.
WORD FAMILY
swivel: swiveled, swiveling, swivelled, swivelling, swivels
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Obama often reads through it in a leather swivel chair at his tablelike desk, under a portrait of President Ulysses S. Grant.
New York Times(Jul 02, 2016)
It’s still so puffy,’” said Jihan Thompson, a former magazine editor and a founder of the beauty booking app Swivel.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
The England captain swivelled and connected on the half-volley, but Hennessey reacted smartly enough to push the attempt round the post.
The Guardian(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 转节; 转环; 旋轴; 旋转接头
vt. & vi. （使）旋转; 在枢轴上转动; （把身子或脸等）转向另一方; 转身
时态：swivelled, swivelling, swivels
分布：转体(70%)，转换仪器(30%)
→来自古英语 swifan,旋转，转动，来自 Proto-Germanic*swif,旋转，来自 swei,弯，转，摇 摆，词源同 swing,sweep.-el,工具格后缀。
verb intransitive or transitive (-ll- or US USUALLY -l-)
■to (cause to) turn round a central point in order to face in another direction （使）转动，使）旋转
• She swivelled round to look out of the window. 她转过身看着窗外。
• The ostrich swivelled its head in our direction. 鸵鸟把头转向我们。
['swɪv.əl] adjective [before noun]
■turning around a central point to face in another direction （使）转动，（使）旋转
• a swivel chair 旋转椅
• a swivel lamp 旋转灯
vt. [机] 使旋转
 - turn, spin, swing
vi. [机] 旋转
 - wheel, circle, spin, go round and round

Word: telemedicine
Front: telemedicine
['telɪˌmedɪsɪn] (39103/-)
Back: n. （通过遥测、电话、电视等手段求诊的）远距离医学
noun uncountable
■the treatment of people who are ill, by sending information from one place to another by computer, video, etc. 远距医学（人们生病时，透过电脑、视频等将资讯从一个地方发送到另一个地方求医治疗的方法）

Word: tonnage
Front: tonnage
[ˈtʌnɪdʒ] (22278/21975)
Vocabulary: tonnage
(once / 2774 pages)
n
Tonnage is a type of tax. Tonnage is charged to the owners of ships that enter the United States, and the charge depends on how much their freight weighs.
See the word ton in tonnage? That’s a clue this word is related to weight. In fact, it has to do with how much cargo weight is on a ship that's entering the U.S. The greater the weight, the greater the tonnage, which is a tax the ship’s owners must pay. Companies that ship a lot of heavy, bulky goods to the U.S. have to pay a lot of tonnage.
WORD FAMILY
tonnage: tonnages
USAGE EXAMPLES
The question was how to bring it on board, with ample tonnage.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Panama, for example, which has more than 18% of the world's registered tonnage, acceded to the convention only in October, owing to strong industry lobbying.
Nature(Nov 27, 2016)
The tonnage is not itself a problem, but it exposes more teams to scrutiny.
New York Times(Nov 16, 2016)
Back: n. （衡量船舶大小的排水）吨位; （军舰的）排水量吨位; （货物的）每吨运费; 以吨计算的重量
分布：吨位(82%)，吨数(18%)
→来自 ton,吨，-age,名词后缀。
吨位(ton一吨)[-age名词反缀1.表示"状态,总称"2.表示"场所,物品"3.表示"费用"]
noun uncountable
■the size of a ship or the weight of goods that a ship is able to carry （表示船舶大小或载重量的）吨位
n. [船] 吨位，载重量；船舶总吨数，排水量
 - displacement, dead weight capacity

Word: throb
Front: throb
[θrɒb] (14799/16789 -1)
Vocabulary: throb
(once / 452 pages)
vn
Things that throb have a strong, regular pulse or rhythm. Loud music with a heavy beat or bass line can seem to throb inside your head — especially if your downstairs neighbors are playing it while you're trying to sleep.
Your heartbeat throbs especially fast when you're upset or just after you've been running, and something painful can throb too, like the ache of a stubbed toe. No one's exactly sure where the word throb comes from — most experts guess that it originated as a representation of the sound and feeling of your pulse.
WORD FAMILY
throb: throbbed, throbbing, throbs+/ throbbing: throbbingly, throbbings
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Especially after the game, it just started throbbing.”
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
She uses so much echo on her vocals that they reverberate in the background as beats throb.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 12, 2016)
When the areas are rewarmed and the spasm resolves, blood flow resumes, often causing tingling or throbbing.
New York Times(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: n. 跳动，悸动; 脉搏
vi. 抽痛; （心脏、脉搏等）跳动
时态：throbbed, throbbing, throbs
分布：动词(95%)，名词(5%)
US [θrɑ:b] (-bb-)
verb intransitive
■to produce a strong, regular beat 颤动，振动，跳动
• Both records have a good throbbing bass which is great to dance to. 两张唱片都有极富节奏感的低音，很适合跳舞。
■If a part of your body throbs, you feel pain in it in a series of regular beats （身体部位）抽痛
• His head throbbed, and his body ached. 他的头阵阵作痛，身上也痛。
• The throbbing pain in his leg was becoming unbearable. 他的腿阵阵作痛，越来越难以忍受。
vi. 悸动；抽动；颤动；跳动着作痛；充满活力
 - pulsate, chatter vibration
n. 悸动；脉搏
 - pulse, sphygmus

Word: topography
Front: topography
[təˈpɒgrəfi] (托 13053/15870)
Vocabulary: topography
(once / 2371 pages)
n
Topography is a detailed map of the surface features of land. It includes the mountains, hills, creeks, and other bumps and lumps on a particular hunk of earth.
This handy word is a Greek-rooted combo of topos meaning "place" and graphein "to write." The suffix -graphy means writing or representation made in a specific way, and shows up in familiar words like photography, oceanography, or even geography, which is similar to topography, but refers to where things are, but not what's on top. Topography represents a particular area in detail, including everything natural and man-made — hills, valleys, roads, or lakes. It's the geographical contours of the land.
WORD FAMILY
topography: topographic, topographical, topographies+/topographical: topographically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Historians at state-funded institutions, like the widely praised Topography of Terror center nearby, are also disturbed by Mr. Giebel’s venture.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Mapping the topography of a person’s life invariably meanders to their diversions and individual tastes.
The Guardian(Dec 18, 2016)
Her initial analysis of glaciers across Greenland revealed that different areas showed varying seasonal movement patterns, probably associated with regional topography.
Nature(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 地形学; 地形测量学; 地貌
分布：地势(52%)，地形学(33%)，地志(9%)，剖析图(6%)
→来自希腊语 topos,地方，-graphy,写，记录，学说。引申诸相关词义。
地形学(topo地方,场所+graph写+y→写地方→地形学)[graph,gram=write,表示"写,图"]
【记】topo读：逃跑，graphy学科－逃跑需要研究地形学
US [tə'pɑ:.grə-] specialized
noun uncountable
■the physical appearance of the natural features of an area of land, especially the shape of its surface 地形；地貌；地势
n. 地势；地形学；地志
 - terrain, surface relief

Word: traveler
Front: traveler
['trævlə] (高 3795/-)
Back: n. 旅行支票; 旅行信用卡; （常）出远门的人; 巡回推销员
分布：导丝钩(50%)，临时记帐单)(25%)，旅行者(移式起重机(25%)
n. 旅行者；旅客；旅行推销员（等于traveller）
 - passenger, tourist

Word: unspeakable
Front: unspeakable
[ʌnˈspi:kəbl] (14026/20334 -1)
Back: adj. 无法形容的; 坏不堪言的; 不可说的，不应被讲出来的; 说不出口
分布：不能以言语表达的(50%)，坏透了的(50%)
adjective
■too bad or shocking to be expressed in words 不堪入耳的；难以说出口的；无法用言语形容的
• unspeakable crimes 极其残忍的罪行
• No report can convey the unspeakable suffering that this war has caused. 这场战争所造成的痛苦无法形容，没有甚么报道能够传达出来。
• The stench coming from the toilets was quite unspeakable. 从卫生间散发出来的气味臭不可闻。

Word: unwinnable
Front: unwinnable
[ʌn'wɪnəbl] (33464/-)
Back: adj. 不能赢得的，不能取胜的，攻不破的
分布：攻不破的(41%)，不能取胜的(33%)，不能赢得的(26%)

Word: unsuited
Front: unsuited
[ʌnˈsu:tɪd] (25453/18834)
Back: adj. 不合格的; 不胜任的; 不适宜的; （人）志趣不相投的
分布：不适宜的(55%)，不适合的(27%)，不适当的(18%)
US [-'su:.tˌɪd] adjective
■not right for someone or something, usually in character （通常指性格上）不合适的
• Liberman realised Kurt was unsuited to office life, but offered him a contract anyway. 利伯曼意识到库尔特不适合坐办公室，但不管怎样还是跟他签了聘用合同。
adj. 不适宜的；不合适的
 - unadvisable, awkward

Word: upland
Front: upland
[ˈʌplənd] (托 13478/7376 -1)
Back: adj. 高地的，住在高地的
n. 高地，山地
分布：高地(45%)，山地(24%)，高地的(22%)，山地的(9%)
adjective
■describes an area of land that is situated high up, such as on a hill or mountain 高地的；高原的
• The whole plateau comprises one vast upland plain. 整个高原是一片广阔无垠的高地平原。
['ʌp.lənd] noun
uplands [plural]
■high areas of land 高地；山地
n. 山地， [地理] 高地
 - height, raise, altitude, rise, elevation
adj. 山地的， [地理] 高地的
 - highland

Word: wreath
Front: wreath
[ri:θ] (研四六 9842/12327 -1)
Vocabulary: wreath
(once / 638 pages)
n
Got a wreath on your front door? That's one of those ring-shaped bands of flowers or foliage that people use for decoration. Wreaths go back to ancient times and maybe the circular shape symbolizes the eternal.
You can also wear a wreath. If you feel like dancing around the maypole or celebrating your Olympic victory, you might wear a wreath of spring flowers or laurels on your head. You might also want to remember someone who's passed away by placing a wreath on their grave. Wreaths don’t have to be green — you can carve gold or wood into a wreath or you can even have a mountain peak with a wreath of clouds around it.
WORD FAMILY
wreath: wreaths
USAGE EXAMPLES
A wreath adorns the balcony outside the room, where he was felled by a bullet.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The two will lay a wreath on the USS Arizona Memorial that honors fallen U.S. troops from the Pearl Harbor attacks.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
He lay a wreath at the National Memorial of the Pacific, accompanied by the memorial's director James Horton.
BBC(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 花环; 花圈; （烟、云等的）圈状物; 环状物
v. 环绕
分布：花圈(55%)，花环(31%)，花冠(14%)
→来自wer,弯，转，编织，词源同wring,versus。引申义编成的花环，花冠。词义演变比较crown，coronal.
n.花环,花圈Beneath (Underneath) the wreath the deaf man near death is out of breath.花环下面那个快要死的聋子喘不过气来.
(/ri:ðz/ plural wreaths)
noun countable
■an arrangement of flowers and leaves in a circular shape, which is used as a decoration or as a sign of respect and remembrance for a person who has died 花环；花圈
• a holly/laurel wreath 圣诞冬青花环／桂冠
• The bride wore a veil with a wreath of silk flowers. 新娘戴着一块饰有丝绸花环的面纱。
• There were two large wreaths on the coffin. 棺材上摆放着两个巨大花圈。
• The President ended his visit by laying a wreath at the war memorial. 总统向战争纪念碑敬献花圈，以此结束他的访问。
n. [轻] 花冠；圈状物
 - crown, lei, corolla
vt. 环绕（等于wreathe）
 - zone, environ
vi. 盘旋（等于wreathe）
 - orbit, serpentuate

Word: urinate
Front: urinate
[ˈjʊərɪneɪt] (15099/20505 -1)
Back: vi. 排尿，撒尿
时态：urinated, urinating, urinates
分布：小便(100%)
→词源同urine, 尿。
排尿(urin+ate)[wrin,ur=urine,表示"尿"]
US ['jʊr.ɪ-] verb intransitive
■to pass urine from the body 排尿，小便
vi. 小便，撒尿
 - pass water, make water

Word: viennese

Word: alfalfa
Front: alfalfa
[ælˈfælfə] (15340/41132)
Vocabulary: alfalfa
(once / 4578 pages)
n
Alfalfa is a plant that's often grown to feed livestock. Hay is commonly made from the dried alfalfa plant.
Alfalfa is a flowering perennial, a plant that returns every year, although it's best known as food for dairy cattle and other livestock animals. When the plant is harvested and dried, it's often made into hay, and it's a popular feed because it's high in protein. If you're not a farmer, you may be most familiar with the sprouted form of alfalfa, which many people eat on salads. The word comes from an Arabic root, al-fisfisa, "fresh fodder."
WORD FAMILY
alfalfa: alfalfas
USAGE EXAMPLES
Niehues, 70, grew up in Loma, in Mesa County, on a farm where his father grew alfalfa, corn and potatoes, and raised cattle and hogs.
Washington Post(Nov 10, 2016)
They are also supplementing their diet with alfalfa pellets.
Washington Times(Nov 11, 2016)
Babi said they were green winter wheat and alfalfa, potatoes too.
Khaled Hosseini, A Thousand Splendid Suns(2007)
Back: n. 苜蓿; 紫苜蓿
分布：名词(100%)
→来自阿拉伯语。
noun uncountable
■a plant grown as food for especially farm animals, or used in salads before it is completely developed 苜蓿，紫苜蓿
n. [作物] 苜蓿；紫花苜蓿
 - lucerne, medick

Word: ya
Front: ya
[jə] (13416/13373)
Back: abbr. yarn 线; yaw axis 偏航轴; young adults 青壮年
分布：代词(70%)，名词(30%)

Word: xml

Word: bangui

Word: amphibious
Front: amphibious
[æmˈfɪbiəs] (17848/26138 -1)
Vocabulary: amphibious
(once / 5475 pages)
adj
If you can drive your car down the highway and then go off road and ford a few rivers, too, you've got an amphibious vehicle — something that works on land and in the water, too.
Amphibious also describes animals that can live on land or in the water — like frogs and toads — and comes from the Greek roots amphi "both" and bios "life." Military operations where both your army and your navy are involved — one attacking by land and the other by sea — are called amphibious assaults or amphibious operations.
WORD FAMILY
amphibious: amphibiously+/amphibia: amphibious
USAGE EXAMPLES
However, foreign companies have shown interest in MHI's gear technology and water jet propulsion systems to drive armored amphibious vehicles, industry sources earlier told Reuters.
Reuters(Nov 25, 2016)
Visaya said the scrapped drills include an Amphibious Landing Exercise and Cooperation Afloat Readiness and Training, both major naval exercises that include territorial defense training.
Seattle Times(Nov 23, 2016)
Also, a second Amphibious Ready Group of three ships and 2,500 Marines will be deployed in Japan by 2019.
Washington Times(Nov 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 两栖的; 水陆两用的; 两栖作战的; 具有双重性的
分布：具有双重性的(100%)
adjective
■of or relating to a type of animal which lives both on land and in water （动物）水陆两栖的
• amphibious animals 两栖动物
■relating to vehicles which operate both on land or in water 水陆两用的
• amphibious vehicles/aircraft 水陆两用车辆／飞机
• an amphibious landing/attack (= from the sea onto the land) 两栖登陆／进攻

Word: amazement
Front: amazement
[əˈmeɪzmənt] (托 9329/8674)
Vocabulary: amazement
(once / 360 pages)
n
Amazement is what you feel when you're shocked or astonished by something. When you feel amazement, you can't quite believe what you're seeing or hearing.
To amaze someone is to shock, surprise, and astonish them. Amazement is the emotion produced by truly unusual and surprising things. A juggler throwing around fire can produce amazement. A child reciting thousands of digits of Pi will create amazement. Parents feel amazement at the birth of their children. This is a strong feeling resulting from incredible events. No one feels amazement about average, boring stuff.
WORD FAMILY
amazement: amazements+/ amaze: amazed, amazement, amazes, amazing / amazed: amazedly/ amazing: amazingest, amazingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
With an air of amazement he told this story.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 22, 2016)
And though the contractual negotiations are proving tricky, to some amazement nearly all Helsinki’s transport operators—even taxi-drivers—seem willing to give it a go.
Economist(Sep 29, 2016)
“After the road trip, I just watched in amazement as the odds climbed and climbed,” Barnes said.
Washington Times(Nov 24, 2016)
Back: n. 惊奇，惊愕，诧异; [废语] 迷惑，困惑
分布：惊异(53%)，惊愕(47%)
noun uncountable
 ADVANCED
■extreme surprise 惊奇，惊诧，吃惊
• She stared in amazement. 她惊奇地盯着看。
• To my amazement, he ate the whole lot. 令我吃惊的是，他把所有的东西都吃光了。
n. 惊异；惊愕
 - wonder, surprisal

Word: attire
Front: attire
[əˈtaɪə(r)] (托宝 10764/19236)
Vocabulary: attire
(once / 521 pages)
nv
The noun attire is just a formal way to say "outfit." And if you’re going outside in the middle of a blizzard, your attire should include more than a bathing suit and flip-flops.
Attire can also refer to the antlers of a deer, but that’s a pretty obscure definition. So let's stick to the more common uses: put it into verb form and it means "to dress or clothe." Which makes sense, since it comes to us from the Old French atirier, meaning “to equip, ready or prepare.” Charles Dickens wrote that “Great men are seldom over-scrupulous in the arrangement of their attire" — meaning the clothes do not make the man.
WORD FAMILY
attire: attired, attires, attiring+/ attired: unattired
USAGE EXAMPLES
Day still was all smiles, though, as he sported his new Nike golf attire.
Golf Digest(Jan 02, 2017)
The women on the left side, in contemporary 17th century attire, are preparing a very specific dish.
Salon(Jan 01, 2017)
The program is free for all students, and they receive free dance attire, shoes, costuming, performance attire and musical instruments.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 服装，衣服
vt. 使穿上衣服，使穿上盛装
时态：attired, attiring, attires
分布：服装(71%)，打扮(16%)，盛装(10%)，穿衣(3%)
→前缀at-同ad-. -tire同单词tier, 准备，安排，层级。服装是身份的象征，所以该词特指比较正式的衣服。
打扮,穿着(at强调动作+tir+e→[把衣服]拉直→打扮)[tir=draw,表示"拉"]
【记】tire累－穿盛装（比如燕尾服、晚礼服等）肯定会累。因为穿这种衣服不但得挺胸抬头的，不能蹲不能坐的，还得特小心，如果弄脏了，洗都没法洗，一晚上下来，腰也酸了，背也疼了，腿也抽筋了，一个字—累。
US [-'taɪr] formal
noun uncountable
■clothes, especially of a particular or formal type （尤指特定样式或正式的）服装，衣着
• I hardly think jeans are appropriate attire for a wedding. 我觉得穿牛仔裤去参加婚礼不怎么合适。
n. 服装；盛装
 - clothing, wear, garment, apparel
vt. 打扮；使穿衣
 - dress oneself, habit, array

Word: beau
Front: beau
[bəʊ] (15030/22231)
Vocabulary: beau
(once / 960 pages)
n
A beau is an old-fashioned term for "boyfriend." When your great-grandmother was young, she probably had a beau.
Beau means "handsome" in French. Pronounce it the same way the French do, with a long o: "boh." The word recalls more innocent times, when gentleman courted their ladies and skirts barely rose above ankle level. You'll hardly ever hear beau used today, unless you're watching a movie, play or television drama set in the past.
WORD FAMILY
beau: beaus, beaux
USAGE EXAMPLES
Earlier this year Lopez split from her longtime beau, Casper Smart .
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
In sixth position is another international entrant in Beau Geste.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
So what’s dear old dad’s problem with his darling’s beau?
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 喜修饰者; 纨绔子弟; 情郎; 求爱者
分布：花花公子(63%)，男朋友(37%)
→来自词根bel, 好的，漂亮的，见belle, 美女。
US [boʊ] (plural beaus or beaux) old-fashioned
noun countable
■a boyfriend 男友，情郎
n. 花花公子；喜修饰者；情郎
 - boyfriend, playboy
adj. 美的；好的
 - aesthetic, good, fine, ok, great

Word: biker
Front: biker
[ˈbaɪkə(r)] (10120/16580 -1)
Back: n. 骑自行车的人; 骑摩托车的人
分布：骑自行车的人(80%)，骑摩托的人(20%)
US [-kɚ] UK and US (Australian bikie)
noun countable
■a member of a gang (= group) of people riding motorcycles 摩托车帮的成员
• We were overtaken by a crowd of bikers doing over 90 mph. 我们被一群摩托车车手超车，他们的车速都在每小时90英里以上。
n. 骑摩托车的人；骑自行车的人
 - motorcyclist, bikie

Word: bosom
Front: bosom
[ˈbʊzəm] (研四六 12630/12605 -1)
Vocabulary: bosom
(once / 172 pages)
nv
The bosom is the breast or chest area of the body. It is also poetically considered to be the place where our feelings reside.
Used as a verb or noun, bosom originates from the Old English word bosm, meaning "breast, womb, surface, or ship's hold." It is commonly used as a polite reference to a woman's breasts. Because our bosom (chest) contains our heart, it has also become known as the place where our feelings, intuitions, or secret thoughts are kept. Close friends are sometimes called "bosom buddies."
WORD FAMILY
bosom: bosomed, bosoming, bosoms, bosomy, unbosom+/unbosom: unbosomed, unbosoming, unbosoms
USAGE EXAMPLES
He should be paying more attention to that snake crawling from her bosom.
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
There is still very definitely an ideal, when it comes to bosoms.
The Guardian(Nov 01, 2016)
Geneice Petty’s mother said her daughter loved her son, who was always attached to her bosom, but said her daughter suffers from “battered woman syndrome.”
Washington Post(Oct 21, 2016)
Back: n. 胸部，乳房; 衣服的胸襟; 家庭般的温暖; 胸怀
vt. 怀抱; 把…藏在心中
adj. 心爱的; 亲密的
时态：bosomed, bosoming, bosoms
分布：胸怀(30%)，内心(21%)，胸部(16%)，内部(8%)，知心的(8%)，亲密的(8%)，拥抱(7%)，把...藏心中(2%)
→来自PIE *bhou, 生长，膨胀，词源同boss, 凸点，块，emboss, 凸点，浮雕。
n.胸,胸部;胸怀;内心;a.亲密的She held the child to her bosom.她把小孩抱在怀里.
noun countable usually singular
■a woman's breasts （女人的）乳房
• a large/ample bosom 大／丰满的乳房
■literary
■the front of a person's chest, especially when thought of as the centre of human feelings 前胸；（尤指）胸怀，内心
• She held him tightly to her bosom. 她把他紧紧地拥在胸前。
• A dark jealousy stirred in his bosom. 他内心生出一阵恶毒的嫉妒。
['bʊz.əm] noun countable usually singular
in the bosom of sth formal
■If you are in the bosom of a group of people, especially your family, you are with them and protected and loved by them. 在（尤指家庭）的爱护下
breast, bosom, chest
这组词都有“胸，胸部”的意思，其区别是：
breast: 指人或动物的胸部或胸部的前面，也指男人或女人的乳房。
bosom: 文学用词，与breast同义，特指女性的乳房，也可用作比喻。
chest: 指胸膛，即肋骨所包围的部分。
n. 胸；胸怀；中间；胸襟；内心；乳房；内部
 - chest, breast, interior, inside, middle
vt. 怀抱；把…藏在心中
 - cherish, imbosom
adj. 知心的；亲密的
 - close, intimate

Word: blinkered
Front: blinkered
[ˈblɪŋkəd] (38799/32780)
Back: adj. 心胸狭隘的，思路狭窄的
分布：心胸狭隘的(100%)
→来自blinker, 指马戴上眼罩后只能向前看，因而目光狭窄。
US [-kɚd] adjective
■A blinkered person is unable or unwilling to understand other people's beliefs, and blinkered opinions or ways of behaving show someone is unable or unwilling to understand other people （人）有偏见的，心胸狭隘的
• He's very blinkered in his outlook. 他的观念非常狭隘。
v. 给…戴眼罩；打闪光信号表示；蒙蔽（blinker的过去分词）
 - hoodwinked

Word: birthright
Front: birthright
[ˈbɜ:θraɪt] (18539/21081)
Back: n. 与生俱来的权利，由于出身、国籍等而获得的权利
分布：生来就有的权利(54%)，长子继承权(46%)
US ['bɝ:θ-] noun countable usually singular uncountable
■something which you believe you deserve to have because of your family situation or social class, or because you believe it is your right as a human being （在家庭或社会中）与生俱来的权利；（人类的）基本权利
• Americans see freedom of expression as their birthright. 美国人视言论自由是他们与生俱来的权利。
• Some men see well-paid, powerful jobs as their birthright. 有些人认为拥有高薪厚职、位高权重的工作是他们与生俱来的权利。
n. 与生俱来的权利；长子继承权
 - primogeniture

Word: brine
Front: brine
[braɪn] (16183/16902)
Vocabulary: brine
(once / 2305 pages)
nv
Water that contains salt is called brine. You can always tell when you are close to the ocean, because you can smell the brine and hear the sea gulls.
Brine is also a salty solution used to pickle or preserve foods. If you want to make pickles, you have to soak cucumbers in brine for several days or even weeks before canning them. As a verb, brine means to soak in a salty solution. If you live in the southern United States, you might brine watermelon rind and okra, which may sound strange to someone from Michigan's Upper Peninsula who's more familiar with brining eggs.
WORD FAMILY
brine: brined, brines, brining, briny+/briny: brinier, briniest, brininess
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Deli is about brining … patience … preservation, not just of meat but of tradition,” Dell wrote.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Brine the roast first if possible; it really helps with the lean pork, adding a subtle sweetness with the sugar and spice-flavored brine.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 19, 2016)
The skin is textbook crisp — chicken brittle, if you will — and the meat benefits from a buttermilk brine that includes more Ethiopian spices.
Washington Post(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: n. 卤水; 浓盐水; 海; 海水
vt. 用浓盐水处理（或浸泡）
时态：brined, brining, brines
分布：盐水(75%)，海水(25%)
→词源不详。可能同bur, 毛刺。形容盐水的粗糙。
noun uncountable
■water with salt in it, especially when used to preserve food （尤指用于腌制食物的）盐水
• tuna/olives in brine 盐水吞拿鱼／盐津橄榄
n. 卤水； [化学] 盐水；海水
 - salty water, saline water

Word: carnivore
Front: carnivore
[ˈkɑ:nɪvɔ:(r)] (托 15028/17313 -1)
Vocabulary: carnivore
(once / 18045 pages)
n
A carnivore is something that feeds on the flesh of animals. “Did you know that cute little baby seals are carnivores? They eat penguins!”
It’s a useful thing to be acquainted with the root vore, which means eat, because you can get herbivore (eats plants), omnivore (eats everything), and sanguivore (eats blood, yes, like vampires). It’s nice to know, too, that it’s not only animals that are carnivores. Some plants, like the Venus flytrap, eat insects, which makes them carnivores as well. It’s nice, too, to have the prefix of carnivore, carn or flesh, in your mind. The easiest way to remember it? Chili con carne, or chili with meat.
WORD FAMILY
carnivore: carnivores
USAGE EXAMPLES
The cheetah is one of the world’s most wide-ranging carnivores and needs a lot of space.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
Because the cheetah is one of the widest-ranging carnivores, it roams across lands far outside protected areas.
BBC(Dec 26, 2016)
It belongs to the same group as well-known carnivores like T. rex and Velociraptor.
BBC(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 食肉动物，食虫植物
分布：食肉动物(72%)，食虫植物(28%)
→carn, 肉。-vore, 吃，见herbivore.
食肉动物(carn+vore吃→吃肉的)[carn=flesh,表示"肉,肉欲"]
【记】carn肉，vor吃－吃肉的动物－食肉动物
【参】voracious（adj 贪吃的）；herbivorous（adj 食草的）carnivorous（adj 食肉的＝flesh-eating）
US ['kɑ:r.nɪ.vɔ:r] noun countable
■an animal that eats meat 食肉动物
• Lions and tigers are carnivores. 狮子和老虎是肉食性动物。
• humorous I did mostly vegetarian food but put a couple of meat dishes out for the carnivores (= people who eat meat). 我做的主要是素菜，不过还准备了几道荤菜给吃肉的人。
Compare herbivore
n. [动] 食肉动物；食虫植物
 - predator

Word: chauvinist
Front: chauvinist
[ˈʃəʊvɪnɪst] (26057/19799)
Vocabulary: chauvinist
(once / 33674 pages)
n
A chauvinist is someone who blindly and enthusiastically believes in the superiority of his cause or people. If you grew up in New York and refuse to eat at any pizzeria beyond a five-mile radius of the Empire State Building, you could be described as a New York pizza chauvinist.
The word chauvinist comes from Nicholas Chauvin, a French soldier — probably fictional — who was so devoted to Napoleon that he continued to zealously support the emperor even after Napoleon rejected him. The put-down “male chauvinist pig” describes a man who believes that women are not as intelligent or worthy of respect as men. Often when we hear the word chauvinist, we think of arrogant men.
WORD FAMILY
chauvinist: chauvinists+/ chauvinism: chauvinisms, chauvinist, chauvinistic / chauvinistic: chauvinistically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Seven years after that episode, in 2007, Christian chauvinists once again displayed their intolerance for other faiths when the U.S.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
“Feminism is not about burning bras and hating men. It’s about gender equality. Whoever is not a feminist is a chauvinist.”
Time(Dec 19, 2016)
“Imagine that: A raging chauvinist saved by a couple of women. It will be a long time before he lives this down.”
Slate(Nov 14, 2016)
Back: n. 沙文主义者; 沙文主义; 本国至上主义
分布：沙文主义者(46%)，大男子主义者(36%)，盲目的爱国者(18%)
US ['ʃoʊ-] (also chauvinistic) disapproving
adjective
■believing or showing an unreasonable belief that your own country or race is the best or most important （大国）沙文主义；本国至上主义，本族至上主义
• The crowd was enthusiastically singing chauvinistic patriotic songs. 人群热情地唱着沙文主义的爱国歌曲。
■believing or behaving as if women are naturally less important, intelligent or able than men 大男人主义
• It is a deeply chauvinist community where the few women who have jobs are ridiculed. 这是个大男人主义风行的地区，少有的几个有工作的妇女还遭到嘲笑。
n. 沙文主义者；盲目的爱国者；沙文主义组织
 - jingo, hundred-percenter
adj. 沙文主义的
 - jingoish

Word: chisel
Front: chisel
[ˈtʃɪzl] (托雅宝 16996/15521 -1)
Vocabulary: chisel
(once / 1297 pages)
1nv 2v
When you carve a statue from a block of marble, you use a tool called a chisel to cut out the shape. Chisel is the name of the tool and also the name of the action.
A chisel has a flat, sharp end. To carve using a chisel, you hit the back of it with a hammer or another blunt instrument. Chisel can also mean "to cheat." If someone chisels you out of your allowance, they shaved it away from you bit by bit.
WORD FAMILY
chisel: chisel-like, chiseled, chiseler, chiseling, chiselled, chiselling, chisels+/chiseler: chiselers
USAGE EXAMPLES
He sports dark stubble that blurs the chiselled jaw that matches his sportman’s physique.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
A few weeks later, his office called back, disclosing that the agency would chisel a star onto its marble Memorial Wall in his honor.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
When he first toured Sanmen in 2013, Mr. Benjamin recalls being shocked to see construction workers chiseling up newly poured concrete.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 凿子，錾子; <俚>诈骗
vt. & vi. 凿，雕; 錾，镌; 欺骗; 钻进
时态：chiselled, chiselling, chisels
分布：凿(48%)，凿子(28%)，雕(15%)，欺骗(9%)
→来自词根cid, 砍，劈，词源同decide, excise.
凿子(chis挖+el)[-el表名词"人或物"]
【记】chi吃，se涩：用凿子凿下来的碎末，吃起来比较涩。
noun countable
■a tool with a long metal blade that has a sharp edge for cutting wood, stone, etc. 凿子；錾子
['tʃɪz.əl] verb transitive (-ll- or US USUALLY -l-)
■to use a chisel （用凿子）凿，雕，刻
• She chiselled a figure out of the marble. 她用大理石雕刻出一个人像。
vt. 雕，刻； [木] 凿；欺骗
 - chip, sell, character
vi. 雕，刻； [木] 凿；欺骗
 - kid, pull a fast one
n. [木] 凿子
 - firmer

Word: celibacy
Front: celibacy
['selɪbəsɪ] (15034/16449)
Vocabulary: celibacy
(once / 3378 pages)
n
When you abstain from sex, you're practicing celibacy.
Roman Catholic priests and nuns take a vow of celibacy, and the practice is not uncommon in other religions, too. The idea is often that sexual relations, marriage, and children are a distraction that keep you from fully devoting yourself to the spiritual life. You can also use celibacy more generally to refer to the state of being single or unmarried.
WORD FAMILY
celibate: celibacy, celibates
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Maybe when we are in the university you will join me in agitating for optional celibacy in the priesthood?”
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
House of David baseball began as a distraction from celibacy, Siriano said.
Washington Times(Nov 21, 2016)
After all, mandated celibacy excluded one outlet for excess energy.
The Guardian(Sep 21, 2016)
Back: n. 独身生活; 独身主义
分布：禁欲(100%)
独身(celib未婚;参考:celibate独身者)[-acy表名词"→性质,状态"]
独身(cekid独身+acy)[-cy表名词,也作-acy,"性质,状态"]
独身[celib=single(单个)]
N-UNCOUNT
独身生活;禁欲
Celibacy is the state of being celibate.
n. 独身
 - singleton, bachelorhood

Word: constrict
Front: constrict
[kənˈstrɪkt] (托雅宝 15930/19255 -1)
Vocabulary: constrict
(once / 4389 pages)
v
To constrict is to squeeze uncomfortably. If your new turtleneck sweater constricts your neck, the sweater is probably too small.
When things constrict, they become narrow or make something else become narrow. A boa constrictor kills its prey when it constricts the animal's body until it can no longer breathe, and a necktie that's tied too tightly constricts your neck. In medicine, certain conditions or medications can constrict openings such as airways or blood vessels, sometimes dangerously. The Latin root is constringere, "to bind together or tie tightly."
WORD FAMILY
constrict: constricted, constricting, constriction, constrictive, constrictor, constricts+/constricted: unconstricted/ constriction: constrictions/constrictor: constrictors
USAGE EXAMPLES
This is different from a heart attack, which is a stopping of the heart because the blood supply is constricted, perhaps by clogged arteries.
BBC(Aug 13, 2014)
His life was destined to unfold in a constricted area.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Peluchonneau is a tragically constricted soul, but not an entirely unsympathetic character.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: vt. 压缩， 压紧; 妨害，阻碍; 收缩; 挤压
vi. 变得收缩
时态：constricted, constricting, constricts
分布：压缩(60%)，使收缩(24%)，束紧(16%)
→con-, 强调。-str, 拉长，拉紧，词源同strict,strain.
压缩,收缩(con一起+strict→拉回来→限制)[stirain,striet,string=tighten,表示"拉紧"]
【记】con一起，strict拉紧－拉到一起－收缩con共同，strict（adj 严厉的）：一万人严厉的指责你，你只好收缩到墙角里去了。
【参】restriction（n 限制；约束）；stricture（n 责难）
【反】dilate（v 膨胀）；distend（v 使扩大；使扩张）
verb
BECOME TIGHTER 压紧
intransitive or transitive
■to become tighter and narrower, or to make something become tighter and narrower 压紧；压缩；（使）收缩
• He hated wearing a tie - he felt it constricted his breathing. 他讨厌戴领带——觉得它勒得人呼吸困难。
• If you're going dancing, you don't want to wear anything that constricts your movements. 跳舞时不愿穿使舞姿舒展不开的衣服。
• The drug causes the blood vessels to constrict. 这种药会使血管收缩。
[kən'strɪkt] verb
LIMIT 限制
transitive
■to limit an action or behaviour 限制；约束；束缚
• Too many rules had constricted her lifestyle. 太多的清规戒律限制了她的生活方式。
vt. 压缩；束紧
 - to compress, telescope

Word: crucifix
Front: crucifix
[ˈkru:səfɪks] (14610/15668)
Back: n. 耶稣钉在十字架上的苦像
分布：十字架(89%)，耶稣受难像(11%)
→cruc, 十字，词源同cross. -fix, 固定。
noun countable
■a model or picture representing Jesus Christ on a cross 有耶稣像的十字架；耶稣受难像
• She always wears a small gold crucifix round her neck. 她脖子上总是挂着一个小小的耶稣受难的金十字架。
n. 十字架，耶稣受难像
 - cross, rood

Word: crossword
Front: crossword
[ˈkrɒswɜ:d] (15483/12263 -1)
Back: n. 纵横字谜
分布：纵横字谜(100%)
→来自cross和word的合成词。
N-COUNT
纵横字谜;纵横填字游戏
A crossword or crossword puzzle is a word game in which you work out the answers and write them in the white squares of a pattern of small black and white squares.

Word: decompose
Front: decompose
[ˌdi:kəmˈpəʊz] (研六托雅宝 15704/19254 -1)
Vocabulary: decompose
(once / 1155 pages)
1v 2v
The verb decompose means to break down or decay, like tree leaves that decompose into dirt, or cell phone batteries that decompose, resulting in more frequent charging for the user.
You know that the prefix de- means "remove" or "undo." And something that's composed is made up of parts. So to decompose is to undo all the parts until they go back to their original state: dirt. Living things decompose. When things like buildings or organizations break down, you typically use words like dismantle or deconstruct to describe the process.
WORD FAMILY
decompose: decomposable, decomposed, decomposes, decomposing, decomposition +/ component: components/ compose: component, composed, composer, composes, composing, composition, compositor, composure, decompose, discompose/ composed: composedly / composer: composers/ composition: compositional, compositions/compositional: compositionally, decompositional/compositor: compositors/ composure: composures/decomposable: undecomposable/ decomposition: decompositions/discompose: discomposed, discomposes, discomposing, discomposure/discomposed: discomposedly/discomposure: discomposures
USAGE EXAMPLES
"Quite a high proportion are too decomposed for a post-mortem examination."
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
He told police he thought it would be quickly found and wouldn’t decompose because of low temperatures.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
These engines burn methane gas produced from decomposing rubbish to generate electricity.
BBC(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 分解; （使）腐烂
时态：decomposed, decomposing, decomposes
分布：腐烂(100%)
→de-, 不，非，使相反。compose, 组成。即分解，腐烂。
【记】de，com共同，pose放－使放在一起的东西分开－使腐烂源于：decay（vi 腐朽；腐烂）
【参】compose（v 组成；写作）
US [-'poʊz] verb intransitive or transitive
■to decay, or to cause something to decay （使）腐化，（使）腐烂
• The body must have been decomposing for several weeks. 那具尸体肯定已经腐烂好几个星期了。
■specialized
■to break, or to break something, into smaller parts （使）分解，（使）分化
• Microbes decompose organic waste into a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide. 微生物把有机废物分解为一种甲烷和二氧化碳的混合物。
rot, decompose, decay
这组词都有“烂、腐烂”的意思，其区别是：
rot: 指蔬菜水果或肉类的分解、腐烂。
decompose: 侧重指动物或植物类物体由于内部组织的分解而导致的腐烂过程。
decay: 通常指由良好或完美的状态自然而缓慢地变坏或完全变坏腐烂，或部分地毁坏。
vi. 分解；使腐烂
 - resolve, break down
vt. 分解；腐烂
 - analyze, break down

Word: crystallise
Front: crystallise
['krɪstəlaɪz] (-/19421)
Back: vt. & vi. 使结晶; 计划成型，具体化
时态：crystallised, crystallising, crystallises
vt. 使…结晶；使具体化（等于crystallize）
 - embody, reify

Word: derisory
Front: derisory
[dɪˈraɪsəri] (40457/20149)
Back: adj. 嘲笑的，嘲弄的
分布：嘲笑的(48%)，可笑的(38%)，少得可怜的(14%)
US [-ɚ.i] formal disapproving
adjective
■describes an amount that is so small it is silly 微不足道的，一点点的
• We were awarded a derisory sum. 我们得到的奖金少得可怜。
adj. 嘲弄的；嘲笑的
 - mocking, jeering

Word: dispassionate
Front: dispassionate
[dɪsˈpæʃənət] (宝 20974/19948)
Vocabulary: dispassionate
(once / 3120 pages)
adj
Dispassionate describes someone who is not getting carried away by—or maybe not even having—feelings. It's something you'd want to see in a surgeon, who keeps cool under pressure, but not in a romantic partner.
Dispassionate is the opposite of passionate, and while passions are said to run "hot," dispassionate people are often described as "cold." A city marshal whose job is it to evict people behind on their rents must conduct their job with dispassionate fairness, but still, no one wants to be their friend.
WORD FAMILY
dispassionate: dispassionately, dispassionateness+/ passionate: dispassionate, passionately, passionateness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Wilson was hoping for that too, but was also there for more dispassionate reasons.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Information concerning a changing climate, especially projections into the long-range future, must be based on dispassionate analysis of hard data.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
“Partisans” on “each side” were just too partisan — unlike Matthew Dowd, dispassionate arbiter of truth.
Salon(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 不动情感的; 平心静气的; 公正的; 不带偏见的
分布：冷静的(61%)，平心静气的(21%)，不带感情的(18%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。passionate, 有感情的。
平心静气的(dis+passionate有激情的)[dis-①表示"不,消失掉"②表示"分开,分离"]
【记】passionate（adj 充满热情的）博森的英文就是passion（n 激情；热情）
【反】tirade（长篇攻击性演说）－dispassionate speech（心平气和的演说）responsive（adj 响应的）；partial（adj 部分的；偏袒的）
adjective
■able to think clearly or make good decisions because not influenced by emotions 冷静的，镇静的，沉着的
• In all the media hysteria, there was one journalist whose comments were clear-sighted and dispassionate. 当各种媒体都变得十分狂热时，有一位记者的评论却能灼见真知保持冷静。
adj. 不带感情的；平心静气的；公平的
 - fair, just

Word: dicey
Front: dicey
[ˈdaɪsi] (30031/18126)
Vocabulary: dicey
(once / 13857 pages)
adj
Something that's dicey is unpredictable — and it may even be risky or downright dangerous. Bringing up controversial subjects like politics at Thanksgiving dinner with your relatives can be dicey.
If you fix your motorcycle yourself, you may feel like it's a pretty dicey vehicle for riding on the highway, and when you're not at all sure how you did on your biology final, you might say, "Phew, that was dicey." Dicey is an informal word that comes from the idea of the unknown outcome of "a roll of the dice," from aviator's jargon around 1940.
WORD FAMILY
dicey: dicier, diciest
USAGE EXAMPLES
In retaliation the next day, townsfolk launched a dicey gambit.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 17, 2016)
State transportation officials say driving conditions will be dicey in some parts of Arizona as a Pacific winter storm crosses the state.
Washington Times(Dec 16, 2016)
But a new study suggests they both share one trait: As the clock ticks, their decisions get dicey.
Science Magazine(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: adj. 不确定的，冒险性的，认命的
分布：不确定的(64%)，冒险性的(36%)
→来自dice, 骰子，即赌博的，前途末卜的。比较hazard, aleatory.
['daɪ.si] (dicier, diciest) mainly UK informal
adjective
■slightly dangerous or uncertain 有风险的；不确定的
• The company's finances look a bit dicey. 该公司的财务状况似乎有些风险。
adj. 不确定的；冒险性的；认命的；危险的
 - dangerous, critical, indefinite, unsure

Word: dram
Front: dram
[dræm] (23352/21720)
Back: n. 打兰，一杯，微量
分布：少量(100%)
→来自希腊语drakhme, 握住，满手的，词源同drachma.引申义少量的酒。
[dræm] mainly Scottish
noun countable
■a small amount of a strong alcoholic drink, especially whisky 少量酒（尤指威士卡等烈酒）
• a dram of whisky 一点儿威士卡
n. 打兰（重量名）；微量
 - suggestion, trace, drop

Word: domineering
Front: domineering
[ˌdɒmɪˈnɪərɪŋ] (29216/33330)
Vocabulary: domineering
(once / 4998 pages)
adj
Domineering describes a person who is arrogant and bossy, like a military dictator or a really mean mom.
Someone who is strong-willed and overbearing can be described as domineering, like a teacher who fiercely intimidates her students into sitting quietly, never daring to speak up. Parents who say sternly to their kids, "Because I say so, that's why," are speaking in a domineering way. The word domineering comes from the Latin root dominari, "to rule or 'lord' it over."
WORD FAMILY
domineering: domineeringness+/ domineer: domineered, domineering, domineers
USAGE EXAMPLES
He allowed his mother to run his life, and found an equally domineering match in Bernadette.
Salon(Dec 14, 2016)
Until recently, local oligarchs supplanted the judiciary with their own domineering rule.
New York Times(Dec 06, 2016)
Her father, she tells us, is easy to write about; he was vivid, domineering, scornful, and babyishly quick to anger.
The New Yorker(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: adj. 刚愎自用、喜欢支配别人的; 专横跋扈的; 盛气凌人的
分布：专横的(64%)，作威作福的(36%)
US [ˌdɑ:.mə'nɪr.ɪŋ] disapproving
adjective
■trying to control other people without thinking about their feelings 控制欲强的，极欲控制他人的
• She found him arrogant and domineering. 她发现他这个人非常傲慢，而且控制欲很强。
adj. 跋扈的；专横的；盛气凌人的
 - imperious, presumptuous
v. 实行暴政；高耸；流行（domineer的ing形式）
 - soaring

Word: etching
Front: etching
[ˈetʃɪŋ] (宝 14836/16752)
Back: n. 蚀刻版画
v. 用针和酸类在金属板上蚀刻（图画等）( etch的现在分词 ); （感情）明显地表露在（脸上）; （脸上）明显流露出（感情）; 铭刻在心里/记忆里/脑海里
分布：铜版画(33%)，蚀刻版画(31%)，蚀刻术(27%)，动词etch的现在分词.(9%)
noun
uncountable
■the practice of etching 蚀刻（术）
countable
■a picture produced by printing from a metal plate which has been etched with acid 刻版画；蚀刻画

Word: expectant
Front: expectant
[ɪkˈspektənt] (16585/18997 -1)
Vocabulary: expectant
(once / 598 pages)
adj
If you're expectant, you're waiting excitedly for something. A throng of expectant fans might wait outside a concert venue, hoping for a glimpse of the band arriving.
When someone's expectant, they are anticipating something good, eagerly awaiting it. When you're hoping for a call, your expectant glance might land on your cell phone every five minutes, and if you're especially hungry for lunch, you might keep an expectant eye on the clock during math class. Because pregnant women tend to be excitedly waiting for a baby to be born, they're also commonly described as expectant.
WORD FAMILY
expectant: expectancy, expectantly+/ expect: expectable, expectant, expectation, expected, expecting, expects/expectable: expectably/expectancy: expectancies/ expectation: expectations/ expected: expectedly, expectedness, unexpected / unexpected: unexpecteder, unexpectedly, unexpectedness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The youngest expectant mother she’s seen was in eighth grade.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Johnson is an expectant father and celebrated his 25th birthday on Dec. 16.
Washington Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Nursing and expectant mothers get special treatment, and new animals always warm quickly to their new surroundings.
Washington Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: adj. 期待的，预期的，期望的
n. [数]期望值; 期待着; 候选人
分布：怀孕的(40%)，期待的(34%)，期待者(13%)，预期者(13%)
【记】expect（vt 期待；指望；[托福口语中]认为）
adjective
THINKING 思考
■thinking that something pleasant or exciting is going to happen （对愉快或令人激动的事情）期待的，渴望的，盼望的
• the children's expectant faces 小朋友充满渴望的表情
[ɪk'spek.tənt] adjective
PREGNANT 怀孕的
[before noun]
■describes a woman who is pregnant or a man whose partner is pregnant 怀孕的；将要成为父母的
• expectant mothers/fathers/couples 准妈妈／爸爸／父母
adj. 期待的；怀孕的；预期中的
 - pregnant, cyetic
n. 期待者；候选人
 - candidate for

Word: fukuoka
Front: fukuoka
[ˌfu:kəˈəukə] None
Back: n. 福冈（日本九州北部港市）
分布：名词(100%)

Word: fistful
Front: fistful
[ˈfɪstfʊl] (18564/21228)
Back: n. 一撮，一把
分布：名词(80%)，形容词(20%)
noun countable
■an amount of something that you can hold in your fist 一把（之量）
• He held out a fistful of crumpled notes. 他拿出一把皱巴巴的钞票。
■informal
■a large collection or number 相当多的一批；很大的量
• He has a fistful of acting awards. 他获得了许多表演奖。
n. 一把
 - handful

Word: finicky
Front: finicky
[ˈfɪnɪki] (宝 21048/34089)
Vocabulary: finicky
(once / 21220 pages)
adj
You reject any vegetable that isn't yellow. You like basmati rice, but detest jasmine, Arborio, and brown. You dine at one restaurant, and you always order the same meal. You are a finicky eater — that is, you are quite particular about food.
Fastidious, fussy, picky, persnickety: these are all synonyms for finicky, and they all suggest someone with extremely exacting tastes and habits, someone almost impossible to please. Finicky can also be used to describe something that demands a great deal of care and attention to detail — a finicky lock might require that you jiggle the key just so. Finicky generally conveys the sense that the person or thing it describes is quirky and pointlessly precise.
WORD FAMILY
finicky: finickily
USAGE EXAMPLES
The cleverest thing about “Trollhunters” might be that the fate of the world is in the finicky hands of Frasier Crane.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
It’s more finicky and difficult to grow but it’s so incredible, it’s worth trying.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
But that business faces intense competition from JD.com and others that manage their own inventory and act more as curators for finicky customers.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 过分讲究的; 难做的; 细节的; 爱挑剔的
分布：过分讲究的(57%)，苛求的(26%)，过分挑剔的(17%)
→来自fine, 精细。-icky,形容词后缀。词义贬义化。
【记】finical（adj 过分注意的，讲究，周到的）fine（adj 精细的），ical－挑选精细的－挑剔的
adjective disapproving
■difficult to please 难讨好的，难取悦的
• a finicky eater 挑食的人
• He's terribly finicky about his food. 他吃东西十分挑剔。
■needing a lot of attention to detail 需细心的，需注意细节的
• Repairing watches must be a very finicky job. 修表一定是种需要细心的工作。
adj. 过分讲究的；过分注意的；过分繁琐的
 - overnice

Word: fealty
Front: fealty
[ˈfi:əlti] (托宝 26862/27821)
Vocabulary: fealty
(once / 3963 pages)
n
Stemming from the Latin word "fidelitas," the noun fealty is related to "fidelity," and is another way of saying "loyalty" or "faithfulness."
Most school kids pledge their fealty, or allegiance, to the United States of America every morning in homeroom. But if you think fealty sounds like a word King Arthur would use, you're right: It's really an outdated term that primarily describes a vassal's sworn allegiance to a feudal lord.
WORD FAMILY
fealty: fealties
USAGE EXAMPLES
Where fealty to an alliance left no other choice, as in Afghanistan, they picked areas where combat appeared unlikely.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
She scorned her rivals and allies alike, demanding elaborate shows of fealty from male aides who often bowed at her feet.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 06, 2016)
Bush administration, for example, the president’s son, George W. Bush, played an important behind-the-scenes role in ensuring fealty was paid to the president.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: n. 忠诚
分布：忠诚(50%)，效忠(36%)，忠实(14%)
→来自拉丁语fidelis,忠诚的，词源同faith, fidelity.
【记】fidelity（n 忠实；忠诚）的变体；fid相信－忠诚因为fear所以fealty；因为考虑到realty（n 房地产）封建领地所以fealty
n. 忠诚；忠实
 - faith, loyalty, devotion

Word: griffith

Word: gendarmerie
Front: gendarmerie
[ʒɑ:n'dɑ:mərɪ] (44059/41298)
Back: n. （欧洲国家的）宪兵队，（总称）宪兵
分布：名词(100%)
n. （总称）宪兵；（欧洲国家的）宪兵队
 - military policeman, carabinieri

Word: globalist
Front: globalist
['gləʊbəlɪst] None
Back: n. 支持全球主义者
分布：支持全球主义者(100%)
US ['gloʊ-] noun countable
■someone who believes that a country should consider the effects of its actions on other countries 全球主义者（坚信国家应该考虑自己的行为给其他国家带来的影响）
• He is a globalist, whereas we are nationalists who will put our country first. 他是一个全球主义者，而我们是把自己国家放在首位的国家主义者。
• She is critical of the president's globalist foreign policy. 她对总统全球主义的外交政策颇有微词。

Word: immaculate
Front: immaculate
[ɪˈmækjələt] (宝 12659/8763 -1)
Vocabulary: immaculate
(once / 1800 pages)
adj
Immaculate means spotless, pure, and clean as fresh snow on a far-off mountain. Only obsessive cleaners can keep immaculate homes, but it’s a goal we can strive for, like that far-off mountain.
Immaculate literally means without a spot or a stain. We can use immaculate to describe physical things, like bathrooms or kitchens. But we also use the word metaphorically to describe honor or purity — in the Catholic church, being immaculate means being "free from sin," like the Virgin Mary. Or someone with a pure, exact singing voice could be described as having immaculate pitch. If your home team plays a perfect game, you could say their performance was immaculate.
WORD FAMILY
immaculate: immaculately, immaculateness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The piano’s tone is pristine, the articulation clean, the balance between the hands immaculate, the overall tenor both spirited and rapt.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Beyer Blinder Belle, the New York architecture firm, performed an act of thoughtful and immaculate preservation.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
The greatest challenges fell to tenor Robert Murray, who sang Gerontius with beautiful timbre, expressive depth, and immaculate diction.
Seattle Times(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: adj. 洁净的; 无瑕疵的; 精确的; 完美的
分布：无过失的(40%)，洁白的(30%)，无瑕疵的(30%)
→im-,不，非，maculate,有污点的，有瑕疵的。
无缺点的[macul=spot(斑点)]
【记】macula（n 皮肤上的斑点）
【参】maculate（adj 有斑点的）
【反】squalor（n 肮脏；贫穷）
[ɪ'mæk.jʊ.lət] approving
adjective
■perfectly clean or tidy 洁净的；整洁的
• dressed in an immaculate white suit 身穿洁白的套装
• an immaculate garden 洁净的花园
■perfect and without any mistakes 完美的
• He gave an immaculate performance as the aging hero. 他完美地扮演了那个年迈的英雄。
adj. 完美的；洁净的；无瑕疵的
 - perfect, stainless, ideal, full, flawless

Word: herr

Word: humid
Front: humid
[ˈhju:mɪd] (研四六托宝 10699/14511 -1)
Vocabulary: humid
(once / 1567 pages)
adj
When there is a lot of moisture in the air, it is humid out. The air in a rain forest is humid, the air in a desert is dry.
People like to say that it's not the heat that bothers them, it's the humidity. They say this because when it is humid, or when there is a lot of water in the air, the heat feels hotter. It also makes wavy hair frizzy and straight hair limp. Air that is cold and moist is called damp, so when people talk about humid air, think tropical, as that's usually how the word is meant.
WORD FAMILY
humid: humidity, humidly, humidness+/ humidity: humidities
USAGE EXAMPLES
That prioritizes air bags in humid climes such as Texas and Florida.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
His plot of land, on the outskirts of the kibbutz, sits way below sea level in the humid and dusty Jordan Valley.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
One critic says that the more than 150 books on Dylan are “a library woozy with humid overstatement and baby boomer mythology.”
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: adj. 潮湿的; 湿气重的; 湿润的; 温湿
分布：潮湿的(100%)
→来自拉丁语humid,湿的，使湿润，来自wegw,湿的，词源同humor.引申词义湿热的。
潮湿的(hum湿+id)[-id表形容词"如…的"]
潮湿的[hum=moist(湿)]
a.湿的,湿气重的Summer in south China is hot and humid.中国南部的夏天闷热潮湿.
【参】humidity（n 湿气；潮湿；湿度）＝moistness＝dampness
adjective
■(of air and weather conditions) containing extremely small drops of water in the air （空气和天气状况）潮湿的，湿润的
• New York is very hot and humid in the summer. 纽约的夏天炎热潮湿。
• a hot and humid climate 炎热而潮湿的气候
damp, moist, wet, humid
这组词都有“潮湿的”的意思，其区别是：
damp: 指吸进或覆盖着一点水份，常表示潮湿得使人不舒服。
moist: 指微湿，侧重不干，但并非湿得使人不快。
wet: 普通用词，指各种潮湿的状态。
humid: 正式用词，特指空气与天气的潮湿，相对湿度大。
adj. [气象] [物] 潮湿的；湿润的；多湿气的
 - wet, moisty

Word: handwritten
Front: handwritten
[ˌhændˈrɪtn] (12586/15175 -1)
Vocabulary: handwritten
(once / 11236 pages)
adj
Something that's handwritten is written with a pen or a pencil — not typed or printed. A handwritten thank-you letter is a pleasant surprise these days.
Formal documents are almost always typed or sent electronically, and not handwritten. It's increasingly common for letters, invitations, and birthday greetings to be sent this way as well — which makes handwritten notes and greetings all the more intimate and meaningful. If you send handwritten invitations to a party, you write each one out by hand.
WORD FAMILY
handwritten
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Obama stayed up until 4 a.m. revising the speech, and handed Mr. Favreau 11 handwritten pages later that morning.
New York Times(Jul 02, 2016)
In August, Facebook reduced the role of a team dedicated to curating the site’s Trending Topics, opting for automation over editorial judgment and handwritten headlines.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Some of the more embittered began posting images of themselves holding up handwritten notes apologizing to the rest of the world.
Salon(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 手写的; 用笔写的
v. 用手写(handwrite的过去分词)
分布：手写的(98%)，动词handwrite的过去分词形式.(2%)
US [-'rɪtˌ-] adjective
■written using your hand rather than printed by a machine 手写的
adj. [计] 手写的
 - manuscript

Word: inferiority
Front: inferiority
[ɪnˌfɪəriˈɒrəti] (六托 15138/15273)
Vocabulary: inferiority
(once / 1918 pages)
n
Inferiority is the quality of being worse than other things or people.
You know how some movies are terrible — inferior — compared to other movies? You've noticed the inferiority of those films. Inferiority is a quality possessed by people and things that are not as good as others. To a king, the common people are defined by their inferiority. Most people agree on the inferiority of a TV dinner to a home-cooked meal. When someone feels like they are always worse off than others, they have an inferiority complex. Inferiority is the opposite of superiority.
WORD FAMILY
inferiority: inferiorities+/ inferior: inferiority, inferiorly, inferiors
USAGE EXAMPLES
The attackers’ manifest inferiority to Jones et al in terms of intelligence or comedy was of no account.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
We learned of local foods, leaping salmon, signature restaurants, street-food battles, even Seattle’s inferiority complex — they’ve all been here before, though sometimes in different forms.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
No matter how limitless the production budget, such an approach would have only thrown into relief the theater’s technological inferiority.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: n. 劣势; 下等; 次级; 自卑情绪
分布：自卑(93%)，低劣(7%)
→来自inferior,低等的。
ADJ-GRADED
(质量等)差的,次的
Something that is inferior is not as good as something else.
例：The cassettes were of inferior quality...那些磁带质量较差。
例：This resulted in overpriced and often inferior products...这就导致了标价过高而往往质量低劣的产品的出现。
ADJ-GRADED
(地位、能力等)低等的,低于…的;下级的
If one person is regarded as inferior to another, they are regarded as less important because they have less status or ability.
例：He preferred the company of those who were intellectually inferior to himself.他喜欢与那些智力水平不如他的人共处。
例：...the inferior status of women in pre-revolutionary Russia...革命之前俄国妇女的低微地位
n. [心理] 自卑；下属；次等；下部
 - self-contempt, subordinate

Word: indecency
Front: indecency
[ɪnˈdi:snsi] (22897/20871)
Vocabulary: indecency
(once / 5755 pages)
n
Indecency is the habit or action of being offensive or improper. Indecency is banned on television during times that children might be watching.
If you tell dirty jokes or deeply offend a friend, you could be accused of indecency. Swearing on a radio broadcast or showing an extremely violent scene in a movie meant for kids are both examples of indecency that are punishable by law. Indecency comes from the Latin word indecentem, "not decent" or "in bad taste," from the roots in-, "not," and decentem, "fitting or proper."
WORD FAMILY
indecency: indecencies+/ decency: decencies/ decent: decency, decenter, decentest, decently, indecent / indecent: indecency, indecenter, indecently
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some scenes in the trailer are a little more suggestive, though there might be a public indecency law broken in one of them.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Unexpectedly, his arrest on charges of public indecency in 1998 and his subsequent outing reinvigorated him.
BBC(Dec 26, 2016)
Visitors will learn how the public image of these dancers has evolved; in the early days, they were sometimes arrested and charged with indecency.
New York Times(Nov 10, 2016)
Back: n. 下流，不适当，猥亵
分布：猥亵(57%)，无礼(31%)，不体面(12%)
→来自indecent,下流的，猥亵的。
noun uncountable
■morally offensive behaviour 猥亵；下流
• acts of gross indecency 极其下流的动作
n. 猥亵；下流；无礼
 - obscenity, salacity

Word: indoctrination
Front: indoctrination
[ɪnˌdɒktrɪ'neɪʃn] (18094/21743)
Vocabulary: indoctrination
(once / 21767 pages)
n
Indoctrination means teaching someone to accept a set of beliefs without questioning them. Your sister's orientation at her new job might seem more like indoctrination if she comes home robotically reciting her corporate employee handbook.
Indoctrination often refers to religious ideas, when you're talking about a religious environment that doesn't let you question or criticize those beliefs. The Latin word for "teach," doctrina is the root of indoctrinate, and originally that's just what it meant. By the 1830s it came to mean the act of forcing ideas and opinions on someone who isn't allowed to question them.
WORD FAMILY
indoctrination: indoctrinations+/doctrinal: doctrinally/ doctrine: doctrinal, doctrines, indoctrinate / indoctrinate: indoctrinated, indoctrinates, indoctrinating, indoctrination
USAGE EXAMPLES
This second season highlights the indoctrination of the children.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
The new season spotlights the indoctrination of the young.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
“At American universities the education is so left-leaning that it’s more of an indoctrination than a discussion of ideas,” Wiginton told the Guardian.
Time(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: n. 教导，教化
分布：教化(52%)，教导(48%)
VERB
向…灌输(信仰等)
If people are indoctrinated, they are taught a particular belief with the aim that they will reject other beliefs.
例：They have been completely indoctrinated...他们完全被洗脑了。
例：I wouldn't say that she was trying to indoctrinate us.我不认为她在竭力向我们灌输一种信仰。
n. 教化；教导
 - cultivation, instruction, enlightenment

Word: lubricant
Front: lubricant
[ˈlu:brɪkənt] (宝 16249/21094 -1)
Back: n. 润滑剂，润滑油; 能减少摩擦的东西; <俚>奶油，黄油
adj. 润滑的
分布：润滑剂(100%)
→来自lubricate,润滑，上油。
润滑剂(lubric滑+ant)[-ant 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"…人"3.表名词"…剂"]
润滑油[lubric=slip(滑)]
['lu:.brɪ.kənt/ (US informal lube)
noun countable or uncountable
■a liquid such as oil which is used to make the parts of an engine move easily together, or a substance put on any surface to help it move more easily against another one 润滑油；润滑剂
n. [机] 润滑剂；润滑油
 - sliding agent, lubricating agent
adj. [机] 润滑的
 - greasing

Word: latecomer
Front: latecomer
[ˈleɪtkʌmə(r)] (24870/24914)
Back: n. 迟到者
分布：迟到者(81%)，新来者(19%)
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■a person who arrives late 晚来者，后来者，迟到者
• We regret that latecomers cannot be admitted until a suitable break in the performance. 很抱歉迟到者只能在演出休息时才能入场。
n. 迟到者；新来者
 - newcomer, tenderfoot

Word: lumpy
Front: lumpy
[ˈlʌmpi] (14052/15438 -1)
Vocabulary: lumpy
(once / 8306 pages)
adj
Lumpy things are uneven and full of bumps or chunks. While lumpy oatmeal might be good, a lumpy mattress can make it impossible to get a good night's sleep.
It's easier to play a game of croquet on a smooth lawn, rather than a lumpy field full of bumps and holes. And you may find a silky bowl of chocolate pudding delicious, but be disgusted by the texture of a lumpy serving of tapioca pudding. The adjective lumpy, by way of the noun lump, comes from the Old English lumpe, from a Scandinavian root.
WORD FAMILY
lumpy: lumpier, lumpiest, lumpily+/ lump: lumped, lumper, lumping, lumpish, lumps, lumpy /lumper: lumpers/lumpish: lumpishly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The operation was the same, but Keith’s fat looked different, more yellow than golden, and lumpy.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Is he celebrating, or bemoaning, their lumpy physicality?
Seattle Times(Dec 08, 2016)
They lay on the lawn, their pink and white flowers grazing the grass, their roots waving lumpy soil in the air.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
Back: adj. 满是疙瘩的，粗糙的; 多块状物的，结成块的; 波浪起伏的; 愚钝的
级别：lumpier, lumpiest
分布：凹凸不平的(38%)，粗笨的(31%)，波浪起伏的(21%)，多瘤的(10%)
→来自lump,大块。
adjective
■covered with or containing lumps 表面有块状物的；含有块状物的
• a lumpy bed/pillow 不平整的床／枕头
• a lumpy sauce 有结块的调料酱
adj. 粗笨的；波浪起伏的；多块状物的
 - blundering, lubber

Word: mailer
Front: mailer
['meɪlə(r)] (24692/27344)
Back: n. <美>邮寄者; 信封; 包装邮件用的箱（或匣）; 邮寄广告性印刷品
分布：邮寄者(100%)
→来自mail,邮袋，邮件。
n. 邮寄者；邮船；邮寄的广告；邮件收发机
 - passenger ship

Word: mater
Front: mater
['meɪtə] (13387/40683)
Back: n. <英>母亲，妈妈
分布：母亲(100%)
US [-tˌɚ] noun countable UK old-fashioned or humorous
■mother 母亲，妈妈
n. 母亲（等于mother）
 - mother, madre, mither

Word: mesmerise

Word: militarise

Word: monologue
Front: monologue
['mɒnəlɒɡ] (雅宝 10344/15123 -1)
Vocabulary: monologue
(once / 2792 pages)
n
A monologue is a speech delivered by one person, or a long one-sided conversation that makes you want to pull your hair out from boredom.
The Greek root word monologos translates to “speaking alone,” and that’s a monologue: one person doing all the talking. In theatre, sometimes a character has a monologue that they perform. You might have an internal monologue where you talk to yourself to better understand some dilemma. Some people talk forever in a constant monologue, never letting you speak. If two people talk back and forth, it’s a dialogue, which is different and probably more fun for everyone.
WORD FAMILY
monologue: monologist, monologues, monologuise, monologuize+/monologist: monologists/monologuise: monologuised, monologuising/monologuize: monologuized
USAGE EXAMPLES
Across from her, a man in a wheelchair trembled violently and kept up a jabbering monologue.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Other dramatic moments include a sequence where the wheezing of his aging laptop is too distracting to get through his tedious monologue.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Never deliver a medical monologue, or as he puts it, “leave the organ recitals for the concert hall.”
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. （戏剧）独白; 独角戏; 长篇大论
分布：独白(80%)，独角戏(14%)，长篇大论(3%)，自言自语(3%)
→mono-,单个的，-logue,对话，词源同dialogue.引申词义独白，独角戏。
独白(mono+logue说话→一个人说话→独白)[mono-表示"单个,一个"]
独白(mono一个人+logue说→独白)[log,logu=speak,表示"说话"]
【记】mono单独，logue说话－一个人说话－独白
【参】monomania（n 偏执狂）；mania（n 狂热）；monopolize（v 独占）
US ['mɑ:.nə.lɑ:g] noun countable
■a long speech by one person （一个人的）滔滔不绝的话，长篇大论
• disapproving He subjected me to a monologue on his last stay in hospital. 他向我滔滔不绝地讲述了他上次住院的经历。
■a short play for one actor 独角戏
• Alan Bennett wrote a series of monologues called Talking Heads. 亚伦‧班奈特写了一系列名为《头脑独白》的独角戏。
n. 独白
 - soliloquy

Word: nylon
Front: nylon
[ˈnaɪlɒn] (高研四六雅 8449/7129 -1)
Vocabulary: nylon
(once / 8615 pages)
n
Nylon is a fabric that's woven from man-made fibers. The great thing about your polka dotted nylon shirt is that you can throw it in the in wash instead of getting it dry cleaned.
Many clothes are made from nylon, as opposed to natural fibers like cotton, silk. Women's stockings are sometimes called nylons, but they were usually made from silk before the twentieth century invention of the cheaper and more durable nylon. Because nylon is a kind of sturdy woven plastic, it's also used to make things like car parts, food packaging, and the strings of instruments. Nylon, modeled on words like "cotton" and "rayon," is a completely made-up word, with no real roots.
WORD FAMILY
nylon: nylons
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Pitch: The department store last year ran a native ad in Nylon, an online fashion magazine, promoting a clothing collection.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
Kevin clipped two nylon gun holsters to the inside of the back of his jeans.
Washington Times(Dec 18, 2016)
These lightweight nylon cubes let you stuff your shirts, pants and dresses into small compartments for streamlined packing.
Seattle Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. [纺]尼龙; 尼龙织品; 〈口〉尼龙长袜
分布：名词(100%)
→品牌名。
n.尼龙A gallon of gasoline and the nylon overalls fall into the valley.一加仑汽油和尼龙工作裤落进了山谷.
US [-lɑ:n] noun uncountable
 ADVANCED
■an artificial substance used especially to make clothes, ropes and brushes 尼龙
• These covers are 100% nylon. 这些套子是百分之百尼龙的。
• a nylon shirt/bag 尼龙衬衫／书包
nylons [plural] old-fashioned
■women's nylon tights or stockings (= leg coverings) （女式）尼龙连裤袜，尼龙长袜
n. 尼龙， [纺] 聚酰胺纤维；尼龙袜
 - polymide, polyamide fiber

Word: nitrate
Front: nitrate
[ˈnaɪtreɪt] (11742/7431 -1)
Back: n. 硝酸盐; 硝酸根; 硝酸盐类化肥; 硝酸酯
vt. 用硝酸处理; 使硝化
时态：nitrated, nitrating, nitrates
分布：硝酸盐(100%)
→nitr-,硝，-ate,化学名词后缀，盐。
noun countable or uncountable
■a chemical which includes nitrogen and oxygen, often used as a fertilizer (= a substance that helps plants grow) 硝酸盐；硝酸盐肥料
• potassium/sodium nitrate 硝酸钾／钠
• Nitrogen is converted into nitrates in the soil which plants can then use. 氮转化为土壤中的硝酸盐，可被植物吸收。

Word: pester
Front: pester
[ˈpestə(r)] (托雅宝 17263/14732 -1)
Vocabulary: pester
(once / 3454 pages)
v
To pester someone is to annoyingly nag them about something. Pestering is repetitive and bothersome.
When a child asks a parent something over and over again — like "Can I have candy? Please? Can I have candy now?" — that's an example of pestering. Parents also pester kids when they say "Clean your room" or "Take out the garbage" over and over. Pestering is like requesting, but doing it many times, usually to the point of annoyance. No one likes to be pestered.
WORD FAMILY
pester: pestered, pesterer, pestering, pesters+/pestering: pesteringly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Those pesky midges were back en masse to pester players during an Astros-Indians game in Cleveland.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Scott keeps pestering lawmakers to fund his economic development incentive program - dubbed corporate welfare in some circles - and his pleas are largely ignored.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Democrats must, therefore, pester Republicans where it hurts: the pocketbook.
Time(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: vt. 使烦恼; 使为难; 纠缠
时态：pestered, pestering, pesters
分布：纠缠(90%)，使苦恼(10%)
→可能来自pest,害虫，害鸟，-er,表反复。引申词义打扰，纠缠。
US [-tɚ] verb transitive
■to behave in an annoying manner towards someone by doing or asking for something repeatedly 不断烦扰，纠缠
• At the frontier, there were people pestering tourists for cigarettes, food or alcohol. 在边境，有人不断缠着游客，索讨香烟、食品或酒。
• [+ to infinitive] John has been pestering her to go out with him all month. 整个月以来，约翰一直缠着她想跟她约会。
vt. 纠缠，烦扰；使烦恼
 - pursue, eat, burden, trouble

Word: optimum
Front: optimum
[ˈɒptɪməm] (研六托雅宝 11020/7895 -1)
Vocabulary: optimum
(once / 6281 pages)
adjn
An optimum is the best condition or highest extent of something. He didn't mean to create a science experiment, but the unwashed coffee cup under his desk became the optimum dark, wet environment for growing lots of mold.
Optimum came into English in the 19th century from the Latin optimus, "best." You can use optimum to describe the best conditions for meeting a goal or achieving something, and it often refers to conditions in scientific tests. Runners determine their optimum weight before running a marathon, and astronauts train in the optimum environments for recreating what they'll experience in space. Optimum conditions for a great barbecue might include sunshine and blue skies.
WORD FAMILY
optimum: optima, optimise, optimize +/optimise: optimisation, optimises, optimising/ optimize: optimization, optimized, optimizes, optimizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The common thread in the losses is the Clippers’ failure to perform at an optimum level in the fourth quarter.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
More research is needed to determine the optimum amount of strength training for women and men to reduce their risks.
Time(Dec 28, 2016)
"Only the communication between the video assistant referee and the referee was not optimum."
BBC(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: adj. 最适宜的
n. 最佳效果; 最适宜条件; [生物学] 最适度
分布：最佳的(53%)，最适宜的(26%)，最适宜(21%)
→来自拉丁语optimum,最优的，最佳的，可能来自op,选择，词源同option.-tim,最高级后缀，词源同maximum,ultimate,intimate.
(生物成长)最适宜的条件或环境(optim+um表示场地,如：museum博物馆)[optim=best,表示"最好"]
a.最适宜的n.最适宜(条件)If you wait for the optimum moment to act, you may never begin your project.
US ['ɑ:p-] (also optimal)
adjective [before noun]
■best; most likely to bring success or advantage 最优的，最佳的；优化的
• A mixture of selected funds is an optimum choice for future security and return on investment. 同时选择几种基金是确保未来投资安全和投资收益的最佳选择。

Word: overstatement
Front: overstatement
['əʊvəsteɪtmənt] (21604/34618)
Back: n. 大话
分布：大话(67%)，夸大其词(33%)
US [ˌoʊ.vɚ-] noun countable or uncountable
■when someone describes or explains something in a way that makes it seem more important or serious than it really is 夸大其词；危言耸听
• It would be an overstatement to say that Lewis deserved to win the race. 说刘易斯该赢得这次比赛是言过其实。
n. 大话，夸大的叙述
 - tall talk, big talk

Word: passivity
Front: passivity
[pæˈsɪvəti] (16036/14853)
Vocabulary: passivity
(once / 9563 pages)
1n 2n
Passivity is allowing others to do things to you without complaining or pushing back. The baby-sitter's passivity led her charges to walk all over her. They stayed up all night and tied her to the chair, and all she said was, "Please stop misbehaving."
You'd use the noun passivity to refer to the state of being passive — passivity applies to someone who accepts the actions or opinions of others without speaking up. Passivity can help you from getting into a fight but that same passivity can mean you might also get a black eye.
WORD FAMILY
passivity: passivities+/ passive: passively, passiveness, passives, passivism, passivity
USAGE EXAMPLES
Our ostentatious passivity is a primary cause of that darkening.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
“A lot of times this disease causes passivity, and we’re always looking for ways to combat that.”
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
South Carolina’s residents remained peaceful following the Scott shooting, but to nonchalant bureaucracy peace appears to be identical to passivity.
The New Yorker(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 被动性; 钝态
分布：被动(81%)，消极(9%)，顺从(6%)，被动结构(4%)
→来自passive,被动的，消极的。
US [-ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
■the quality or state of being passive 被动（性）；消极状态；顺从

Word: piggyback
Front: piggyback
[ˈpɪgibæk] (22706/38963)
Vocabulary: piggyback
(once / 33964 pages)
1advnv 2vadv 3v
To ride piggyback is to hang on to someone's shoulders as they carry you on their back. The best babysitters are happy to give endless piggyback rides.
You can use piggyback as an adverb or a noun: "Will you give me a piggyback the rest of the way home?" It can also mean "use someone else's work for support or advantage," like when your idea of selling muffins piggybacks on your brother's existing plan to drive a bakery-themed food truck around town. Experts think piggyback comes from pickaback and the even earlier pick pack (think "backpack").
WORD FAMILY
piggyback: piggybacked, piggybacking, piggybacks
USAGE EXAMPLES
According to the Chronicle of Philanthropy, it would allow donors to “piggyback on the foundation’s work of supporting global health, international development, and American education.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 22, 2016)
Tandems also allow perovskites to piggyback on the entrenched silicon industry.
Science Magazine(Dec 07, 2016)
The program is one hour long and piggybacks into the next show.
The Guardian(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 背着，肩驮，背负式运输
vt. 背负式装运
adj. 背着的；[航] 在背肩上的
adv. 在背肩上
时态：piggybacked, piggybacking, piggybacks
分布：背(58%)，背负式运输(18%)，附带发生(18%)，=pickaback.(6%)
→可能来自pickaback受piggy影响拼写俗化，该词本身为pick-pack的讹误词。
noun countable (also piggyback ride)
■a ride on someone's back with your arms round their neck and your legs round their waist 背，驮
• I gave her a piggyback ride. 我背着她。
['pɪg.i.bæk] adverb
■on someone's back, or on the back of something 在（某人的）背上；在（某物的）顶上
• Martha rode piggyback on her dad. 玛莎骑在她爸爸的背上。
• Dom carried his daughter piggyback when she got too tired to walk. 女儿累得走不动时，多姆就背着她走。
['pɪg.i.bæk] verb intransitive
■to use something that someone else has made or done in order to get an advantage 沾光，搭便车
• Everyone wants to piggyback on the phenomenal success of the X Files. 每个人都想借《X档案》大获成功的机会沾点光。
n. 肩扛；背负式运输
 - pickaback

Word: prefectural
Front: prefectural
['pri:fektjʊrəl] (39520/-)
Back: adj. 地方官的
分布：县的(45%)，府的(33%)，地方官的(22%)

Word: quiver
Front: quiver
[ˈkwɪvə(r)] (研六托雅宝 11515/10746 -1)
Vocabulary: quiver
(once / 269 pages)
1vn 2n
Scaredy cats around the globe know that quivering is a trembling, shaking motion. A cold gust of wind might make you quiver, as would an icy glare from the abominable snowman.
The verb to quiver means to shudder, wobble, or vibrate, often from fear. But the noun quiver? It's actually the carrying case for your arrows, just the kind of thing Robin Hood would have strapped to his back. So imagine one of his arrows sailing through the air, hitting a tree with a hearty whack!, and then quivering there for a few seconds.
WORD FAMILY
quiver: quivered, quivering, quivers+/ quivering: quiverings
USAGE EXAMPLES
And even George Washington, so renowned for his composure, quivered during his address to the Senate after nervously improvising in his first inauguration.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
My favorite contestants’ voices often quiver slightly as they continue.
Salon(Dec 22, 2016)
The thud of mine blasting echoes in the background and Narayan’s house quivers a little.
The Guardian(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 微颤，抖动
vt. 使震动
n. 抖动; 颤音; 箭筒; 箭筒
时态：quivered, quivering, quivers
分布：颤抖(50%)，箭袋(31%)，振动(13%)，箭袋内的箭(6%)
→来自qu-所表示的拟声词，模仿松软，颤动或颤抖的声音，词源同quake,quiver.
v./n.颤抖,抖动She was quivering with fear.她因恐惧而在发抖.
【记】源于：quaver（v 颤抖；n 颤音）；注意箭囊的意思。
US [-ɚ] verb intransitive
■to shake slightly, often because of strong emotion （常指因激动而）颤抖，发抖
• Lennie's bottom lip quivered and tears started in his eyes. 雷尼的下唇颤抖着，眼里涌出了泪光。
UK ['kwɪv.ər] US [-ɚ] noun countable
CONTAINER 容器
■a long thin container for carrying arrows 箭筒；箭囊
UK ['kwɪv.ər] US [-ɚ] noun countable
SHAKE 颤抖
■a slight shake, often because of strong emotion （常指因激动而）颤抖，发抖
• The opening bars of the music sent a quiver of excitement through the crowd. 音乐起始的几小节让人群顿时兴奋激动起来。
tremble, shudder, quiver, shake, vibrate, shiver
这组词都有“震动，颤抖”的意思，其区别是：
tremble: 指由于寒冷、虚弱、愤怒或恐惧等而发抖、战栗。
shudder: 着重指由于恐惧、震惊等而引起的全身突然而强烈地战栗。
quiver: 多用于指事物。指物体像乐器的弦一般地轻微而急速地颤动。
shake: 最普通用词，含义广。指人或物不自主地颤动、摇摆，常侧重剧烈和无规律。
vibrate: 指急速地连续震动，也指钟摆等的来回摆动。
shiver: 指因寒冷或情绪突变而出现的短时间的轻微和快速的颤抖。
n. 颤抖；箭袋；震动
 - shock, flesh-creep
vi. 颤抖；振动
 - quake, judder
vt. 使…颤动；抖动
 - thrill

Word: quasar
Front: quasar
[ˈkweɪzɑ:(r)] (14280/27654 -1)
Vocabulary: quasar
(once / 36706 pages)
n
A quasar is a starlike object in space that may emit energy, light, and radio waves.
In the vastness of the universe, there are many bodies such as planets, moons, asteroids, and suns. Another type of object is the quasar. Quasars are a lot like suns, though much smaller. Quasars have large redshifts, which means the light from the quasar increases in frequency, moving to the red part of the light spectrum. Quasars are powerful and usually produce a lot of radiation. Don't mess with a quasar!
WORD FAMILY
quasar: quasars
USAGE EXAMPLES
Today, however, scientists keep track of it by aiming a network of radio telescopes at a distant quasar.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
It’s possible it was a message from another civilization or just the effect of a natural space object, like a pulsating quasar.
The Verge(Aug 29, 2016)
Dad explained light-years and black holes and quasars and told us about the special qualities of Betelgeuse, Rigel, and Venus.
Jeannette Walls, The Glass Castle(2005)
Back: n. [天]类星体; 类星射电源; 恒星状球体
分布：类星体(100%)
→缩写自quasi-stellar.
US [-zɑ:r] specialized
noun countable
■the centre of a galaxy (= group of stars) that is very far away, producing large amounts of energy 类星体

Word: punctuality
Front: punctuality
[ˌpʌŋktʃʊ'ælətɪ] (26459/21572)
Vocabulary: punctuality
(once / 4220 pages)
n
Punctuality is the state of being prompt. You might come home from a European trip exclaiming over the punctuality of German trains, which are always on time.
Punctuality is an important quality when it comes to things like public transportation and job interviews. If you're known for always showing up exactly when you say you will, people will start to depend on your punctuality. The Latin root of punctuality is punctus, a sharp point. This is why people who value punctuality will tell you to meet them at, say, six o'clock sharp, or right on the dot — in other words, at exactly the agreed-upon time.
WORD FAMILY
punctuality: punctualities+/ punctual: punctuality, punctually, unpunctual/unpunctual: unpunctually
USAGE EXAMPLES
With all the punctuality of Southern Trains, Frank Ocean's second album arrived four years late, one morning in August.
BBC(Dec 21, 2016)
There are targets on punctuality, reliability, causes of delay, asset failures and disruption to the network from planned engineering work.
BBC(Dec 13, 2016)
Directly awarding contracts would require complying with stricter performance criteria on punctuality and customer satisfaction.
BBC(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. 严守时间; 正确，规矩
分布：准时(100%)
守时(punctual+ity)[point,punct=point,make sharp,表示"点,变尖"]
n. 严守时间；正确；规矩
 - validity, manner, right

Word: preparatory
Front: preparatory
[prɪˈpærətri] (13044/9706 -1)
Vocabulary: preparatory
(once / 1215 pages)
adj
Use the adjective preparatory when you're getting ready for something. If you spend the day cleaning your house before a big party, the work you're doing is preparatory.
You can call something preparatory when it helps you prepare. A summer school class that lays the groundwork for a calculus course in the fall is preparatory, and so are a coach's words of advice before the start of a football game. High schools that specifically ready students for college work are sometimes called "preparatory schools," or "prep schools" for short. The Latin root is praeparationem, "a making ready."
WORD FAMILY
preparatory: preparatorily+/ preparation: preparations/preparative: preparatively/ prepare: preparation, preparative, preparatory, prepared, prepares, preparing/prepared: preparedly, preparedness, unprepared/unprepared: unpreparedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Twice a week, she attends a preparatory class for earning a high school equivalency diploma.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The court said it would hold the next preparatory hearing on Dec. 27.
Reuters(Dec 22, 2016)
They also released Damron’s personnel file and investigative documents related to the allegations at Stanton College Preparatory School in Jacksonville, Fla.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 预备的，准备的，筹备的; 初步的
adv. 在先前，作为准备
n. <美>大学预科; <英>私立预科学校
分布：准备的(32%)，预备的(28%)，预备学校(23%)，初步的(17%)
→来自prepare,预备，准备。
US [-'per.ə.tɔ:r-] adjective
■done in order to get ready for something 准备性的，预备性的；引导性的
• preparatory work 准备工作
• Differences over these issues narrowed during the preparatory meetings/talks. 在预备会议／会谈中，这些问题上的分歧缩小了。
adj. 预备的
 - preliminary, propaedeutic

Word: rapturous
Front: rapturous
[ˈræptʃərəs] (25127/19477)
Vocabulary: rapturous
(once / 1910 pages)
adj
If you're blissfully happy, you're rapturous. You could describe your purring cat rolling around in catnip as rapturous.
The adjective rapturous is great for describing someone who's delighted, like the rapturous excitement of a room full of teenagers at their favorite pop star's concert, or the rapturous look on a child's face when she opens her birthday present and finds exactly what she had hoped for. The root word of rapturous is the Latin raptus or "a carrying off," and until the mid-1600s, that's exactly what rapture was used to mean.
WORD FAMILY
rapturous: rapturously+/ enrapture: enraptured, enraptures, enrapturing/ rapture: enrapture, raptures, rapturous
USAGE EXAMPLES
Such challenges aside, the book received rapturous reviews.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
They brought him down to the rapturous applause of the entire street.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
Light seems to travel through Redwood's looped, dragged, taffy-stretched line, animating an already rapturous palette of teal, ocher, emerald and brick.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 着迷的; 痴迷的; 狂喜的; 销魂的
分布：狂喜的(60%)，着迷的(40%)
→来自 rupture,狂喜。
US [-tʃɚ-] adjective [before noun]
■showing extreme pleasure and happiness or excitement 欣喜若狂的；狂喜的；欢呼
• The play was greeted with rapturous applause. 该剧赢得了观众热烈的掌声。
• The team received a rapturous welcome. 这个队伍受到了热烈的欢迎。
adj. 狂喜的；兴高采烈的；欢天喜地的
 - enrapt, entranced

Word: ravenous
Front: ravenous
[ˈrævənəs] (托宝 19381/22776)
Vocabulary: ravenous
(once / 2462 pages)
adj
A ravenous person feels like they haven't eaten in days and could probably finish off 10 pizzas without help. So ravenous is not a good state to be in when you go grocery shopping.
Back in the early 15th century, you would have been called ravenous if you were greedy and obsessed with stealing, much like a pirate. Nowadays, it’s often used to describe extreme hunger or desire. Having a ravenous appetite means you're literally hungry like the wolf, snarling and growling (stomach) included. So do everyone in the lunchroom a favor and remember to eat breakfast.
WORD FAMILY
ravenous: ravenously, ravenousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
There is something ravenous in the way he plays.
Seattle Times(Dec 09, 2016)
And the songs that he’s appeared on — whether he’s speaking two words or rapping 300 — have consistently garnered ravenous blog coverage and critical praise.
Salon(Nov 26, 2016)
It wasn’t climate change, a rampant infestation from an invasive species or ravenous beavers that finally killed the old giant.
Seattle Times(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 极饿的; （指饥饿、渴求等）极度的; 强取豪夺
分布：贪婪的(92%)，极饿的(8%)
→来自 raven,饥饿，狼吞虎咽。
贪婪的;饿极的(raven捕食+ous→捕食的→贪婪的)[Rap,rapt,rav=snatch,表示"捕,夺"]
【记】源于：raven（n /v 掠夺），ous多－掠夺很多－饿极了的，贪婪的
adjective
■extremely hungry 极其饥饿的
• I'm ravenous - where's supper? 我饿坏了——晚饭在哪里？
• Growing boys have ravenous appetites. 正在长大的男孩子饭量很大。
adj. [动] 贪婪的；渴望的；狼吞虎咽的
 - eager, hungry, desired, anxious, sick

Word: rehab
Front: rehab
[ˈri:hæb] (9976/-)
Back: n. 修复; 复兴; 恢复名誉; 复职
分布：康复(96%)，修复的房屋(4%)
['ri:.hæb] informal
noun uncountable
■the process of helping someone to stop taking drugs or alcohol （吸毒或酗酒者的）康复治疗，康复训练
• She's just finished four months of rehab. 她刚刚做完四个月的康复治疗。
• a rehab clinic 康复诊所
• After his arrest in 1998, he checked himself into rehab to get over his heroin addiction. 自1998年被捕后，他就主动进行康复治疗来戒掉海洛英毒瘾。
n. 修复（等于rehabilitation）
 - plerosis, restauration
vt. 修复（等于rehabilitate）
 - restore, dress out

Word: salah

Word: rightward
Front: rightward
[ˈraɪtwəd] (35326/49076)
Back: adj. 向右地，在右侧
adv. 在右边的，向右的
分布：向右的(28%)，右翼的(20%)，向右地(13%)，右翼地(13%)，在右地(13%)，在右的(13%)

Word: siegfried

Word: sentinel
Front: sentinel
[ˈsentɪnl] (宝 19315/20447)
Vocabulary: sentinel
(once / 668 pages)
n
A sentinel is a guard, a lookout, a person keeping watch. It's often a soldier, but not always. If you're watching a pot, waiting for it to boil, you're standing sentinel over it — and incidentally, it won't boil until you leave.
Etymologists think sentinel stems from the Old Italian words sentina, meaning "vigilance," and sentire, "to hear or perceive." It's a close cousin of sentry, which means the same thing. You can use sentinel as a noun or a verb. A kid in a snowball war might be the sentinel, patrolling the entrance to the fort. Wolves stand sentinel over their kill, stepping aside only for the alpha male, who always eats first.
WORD FAMILY
sentinel: sentinels
USAGE EXAMPLES
Current is fair housing director for Project Sentinel, a Bay Area nonprofit.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The Rome Sentinel on police agencies being targeted by computer hackers.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The first case was deemed an accident, the Sentinel said.
Time(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 岗哨，哨兵
分布：哨兵(73%)，放哨(15%)，传送器(8%)，设岗哨(4%)
→来自中古法语 sentinelle,来自拉丁语 sentinella,哨兵，可能来自拉丁语 sentire,感觉，听，看， 词源同 sense.
哨兵(sent感觉,警觉+in+el)[-el表名词"人或物"]
【记】sent感觉，inel：要提高感觉的人－哨兵
【参】sentry（n 哨兵）
US [-tˌɪ-] noun countable old use or literary
■a person employed to guard something; a sentry 岗哨；哨兵
• A policeman stood sentinel at the entrance. 一位员警站在入口处站哨。
■mainly US
■Sentinel is also used in the names of some newspapers （用于某些报纸名中）
• the Fort Lauderdale Sun-Sentinel 《劳德代尔堡太阳卫报》
n. 哨兵
 - piquet, watcher
vt. 守卫，放哨
 - keep watch

Word: sneaky
Front: sneaky
[ˈsni:ki] (16932/23658)
Back: adj. 鬼祟的，卑鄙的
级别：sneakier, sneakiest
分布：卑鄙的(70%)，鬼祟的(30%)
adjective
■doing things in a secret and unfair way 偷偷摸摸的；鬼鬼祟祟的
• a sneaky plan 偷偷摸摸的计划
adj. 鬼鬼祟祟的；暗中的，卑鄙的
 - poor, mean, base, dirty

Word: steelworks
Front: steelworks
[ˈsti:lwɜ:ks] None
Back: n. 炼钢厂
分布：钢厂(91%)，名词steelwork的复数形式.(9%)
US [-wɝ:ks] (plural steelworks)
noun countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■a factory where steel is made 炼钢厂，钢铁厂

Word: soundly
Front: soundly
[ˈsaʊndli] (15852/13821 -1)
Back: adv. 完好地，健全地; 正确地; 严厉地; 酣畅地
分布：完全地(34%)，坚牢地(22%)，健全地(22%)，香甜地(22%)
→sound,明智的，可靠的，-ly,副词后缀。
adverb
COMPLETELY 完全地
■completely 完全地，彻底地
• The committee soundly rejected all of the proposed changes. 委员会彻底否决了所有的变革提议。
['saʊnd.li] adverb
SLEEP 睡觉
■(of how someone sleeps) deeply 完好地；完善地
• I slept very soundly, thank you - the bed was really comfortable. 我睡得很香，谢谢你——这床真舒服。
adv. 健全地；完全地；稳健地；彻底地；牢固地
 - entirely, totally, completely, thoroughly, fully, absolutely, strictly

Word: stimulant
Front: stimulant
[ˈstɪmjələnt] (托宝 14629/18953 -1)
Vocabulary: stimulant
(once / 1605 pages)
nadj
A stimulant is a drug that speeds up your body or an event that spurs you to action. Both types of stimulant get you going.
You might drink coffee in the morning for a reason: the caffeine in coffee is a stimulant, which gives you energy and helps you wake up. Other stimulants are much more harmful, such as illegal drugs like cocaine, but all stimulants speed up your system. Also, a stimulant can be anything that arouses action. When Pearl Harbor was attacked, it was a stimulant that drove America into World War II.
WORD FAMILY
stimulant: stimulants
USAGE EXAMPLES
How about reporting on the numerous people with genuine ADD diagnoses who benefit from appropriate medical treatment with stimulants?
New York Times(Oct 12, 2016)
But the stimulant is showing up in some pretty unusual places, including energy bars, jelly beans, mints and peanut butter.
Washington Post(Nov 25, 2016)
Shakespeare was an early stimulant, with the Bard’s words giving him “the words to articulate my adolescent rage.”
Washington Times(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: n. [药]兴奋剂; 刺激物; 酒精饮料
adj. 刺激的，激励的; 使人兴奋的
分布：兴奋剂(71%)，刺激物(18%)，激励的(5%)，酒精性饮料(2%)，鼓舞的(2%)，使兴奋的(2%)
→来自 stimulus,刺激物，-ant,名词后缀。
兴奋剂(stimul=sting刺)[-ant 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"…人"3.表名词"…剂"]
【反】soporific（adj 催眠的；n 催眠剂）
noun countable
■something which makes or causes something else to grow or develop 刺激物；激励物
• Tourism has acted as a stimulant to the country's economy. 旅游业成为振兴该国经济发展的一个因素。
■a substance, such as a drug, which makes the mind or body more active 兴奋剂
• Caffeine, which is found in coffee and tea, is a mild stimulant. 咖啡和茶中所含的咖啡因是轻度兴奋剂。
n. [药] 兴奋剂；刺激物；酒精饮料
 - a shot in the arm, irritation
adj. 激励的；使人兴奋的
 - incentive, hortatory

Word: standoff
Front: standoff
['stændɔ:f] (10197/-)
Back: adj. 冷淡的，有支架的
n. 离岸; 避开; 僵局; 僵持不下
分布：僵局(85%)，平局(10%)，冷淡的(5%)
US [-ɑ:f] noun countable
■a situation in which agreement in an argument does not seem possible; stalemate 僵局，僵持局面
n. 和局；僵持；冷淡；平衡
 - balance, indifference
adj. 冷淡的；有支架的
 - cold, lukewarm

Word: sultanate
Front: sultanate
[ˈsʌltəneɪt] (35909/47024)
Back: n. 伊斯兰教君主的领地，伊斯兰教君主的地位
分布：伊斯兰教君主的地位(38%)，回教君主的领地(25%)，苏丹统治的国家(25%)，苏丹的领地或王权(12%)
→sultan,苏丹，-ate,形容词后缀，表相关。后用于指苏丹统治的领土。
noun countable
■a country ruled by a sultan 苏丹国（指由苏丹统治的国家）

Word: temperamental
Front: temperamental
[ˌtemprəˈmentl] (研 18395/18556)
Vocabulary: temperamental
(once / 5032 pages)
adj
If your moods change quickly and dramatically, people might describe you as temperamental. If you weren't so temperamental, maybe your friends would open up to you more. Did I say something wrong?
The adjective temperamental can also be used to describe objects that behave unpredictably. A temperamental air conditioner can make for a long, hot summer. Fortunately, you're not temperamental or you might have smashed it to bits by now. The second “e” in temperamental gets swallowed so that it sounds like "temp-ra-MENT-al" (four syllables).
WORD FAMILY
temperamental: temperamentally+/ temperament: temperamental, temperaments
USAGE EXAMPLES
And what connects the other Americans in town: the kind arts patrons, the temperamental painter, his estranged brother?
Slate(Dec 08, 2016)
Jones could be a direct, ornery, at times even temperamental figure.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 19, 2016)
Perhaps the rainy weather can take some of the blame: Period instruments are famously temperamental.
New York Times(Nov 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 气质的; 性格的; 不可靠的; <口>喜怒无常的
分布：喜怒无常的(43%)，性情的(23%)，气质的(16%)，性格的(9%)，易怒的(9%)
→来自 temperament,脾性，性情，-al,形容词后缀。引申词义有脾气的，喜怒无常的等。
US [-pɚ.ə'men.tˌəl] adjective
PERSON 人
■describes someone whose mood often changes very suddenly 喜怒无常的
• Be careful how you approach her - she's very temperamental. 与她接触，你要注意方式——她这人喜怒无常。
■caused by your own character and feelings 气质的；性情的；性格的
• There are temperamental similarities between the brothers. 兄弟俩在性情上有些相似。
UK [ˌtem.pər.ə'men.təl/ UK [-prə-] US [-pɚ.ə'men.tˌəl] adjective
MACHINE 机器的 informal
■describes a machine that sometimes works and sometimes does not （机器）性能不稳定的；时好时坏的
• You have to treat our video recorder very carefully - it's rather temperamental. 你用我们的录像机时得格外小心——它时好时坏。
adj. 喜怒无常的；性情的；易兴奋的
 - moody, twittery

Word: synonym
Front: synonym
[ˈsɪnənɪm] (托雅 16906/10840)
Vocabulary: synonym
(once / 1220 pages)
n
A synonym is a word that means the same thing as another word. If you replace a word in a sentence with its synonym, the meaning of the sentence won't really change that much.
There are, of course, shades of meaning, and not every synonym is an exact substitute, but sometimes we just need a different word for a change. Some words have dozens of synonyms, such as funny: amusing, hilarious, laughable, slapstick, witty, and many others. Other words, sadly, have no synonyms, like postmodernism. Check your thesaurus (dictionary of synonyms) — it's all there!
WORD FAMILY
synonym: synonymous, synonyms+/ synonymous: synonymity, synonymously, synonymousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Now let’s look at some synonyms for extravagant:
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
That is a gentle synonym for steady tax revenue.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
But whatever some liberals think, “conservative” and “bigot” are not synonyms.
Seattle Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 同义词
分布：近义词(100%)
→syn-,一起，-onym,名字，词源同 name,antonym.字面意思为相同的名字，后用于指同义词。
同义词(syn+onym名字→名字相同→同义词)[sym-,syn-表示"共同,相同"]
同义词(syn同+onym名→同名→同义词)[onym=nam,表示"名字"]
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a word or phrase which has the same or nearly the same meaning as another word or phrase in the same language 同义词，近义词
• The words 'small' and 'little' are synonyms. small 和 little 是同义词。
Compare antonym

Word: supernova
Front: supernova
[ˌsu:pəˈnəʊvə] (宝 9744/29079 -1)
Vocabulary: supernova
(once / 24122 pages)
n
Supernova is an astronomical term for a star that explodes like crazy. When a star turns into a supernova, it becomes extremely bright.
Supernova sounds like a superhero, but it refers to the super explosion of a star. A nova is also the explosion of a star, but a supernova has more energy. A supernova happens when a star becomes bright, bursts, and its matter is scattered in all directions, with light and radiation shooting out. Some say our sun will turn into a supernova someday, which would destroy all life on Earth. Don’t worry, that’s a long way off.
WORD FAMILY
supernova: supernovae, supernovas+/nova: novae, novas, supernova
USAGE EXAMPLES
Our suggestion that a relatively lower spin period and larger ejected mass can explain the existence of these long-duration superluminous supernovae is unchanged.
Nature(Oct 04, 2016)
The supernova is making a joke of both patent law and education.
New York Times(Nov 22, 2016)
Here’s a potted history of the fixture, courtesy of our Field Notes supernova strand.
The Guardian(Nov 19, 2016)
Back: n. （天文）超新星
分布：名词(100%)
→super-,超级，nova,新星。
【记】super，nova（n 新星）
【参】novice（n 新手）
US [-pɚ'noʊ-] (plural supernovas or supernovae)
noun countable
■a star which has exploded, strongly increasing its brightness for a few months 超新星（指因爆炸而数月内亮度大增的恒星）

Word: tor
Front: tor
[tɔ:(r)] (-/16060)
Back: n. 石山，突岩; 毫巴
分布：突岩(84%)，岩山(16%)
→来自古英语 tor,突岩，高山，高塔，可能来自拉丁语 turris,高塔，高物体，词源同 tower,turret.

Word: unconstrained
Front: unconstrained
[ˌʌnkən'streɪnd] (26194/23653)
Vocabulary: unconstrained
(once / 13649 pages)
adj
Use unconstrained to describe not holding back, like the frenzied fans whose team just won the championship showing their unconstrained joy.
In the adjective unconstrained the prefix un-, meaning “not,” meets constrained, meaning “restricted” or “limited.” So something that’s unconstrained means "without limits or restrictions," like an unconstrained child who doesn't have to follow rules, the unconstrained power of a dictator, or an unconstrained dog running loose.
WORD FAMILY
unconstrained: unconstrainedly+/ constrain: constrained, constraining, constrains/ constrained: constrainedly, unconstrained
USAGE EXAMPLES
In Jess, I saw the love Jesus preached, one unconstrained by conditions and extended to everyone, especially the forgotten, the stranger.
New York Times(Nov 18, 2016)
Progressives think — or did until last Tuesday — as Woodrow Wilson did about the delights of unconstrained presidential power.
Washington Post(Nov 11, 2016)
The area where Trump would be most dangerous is foreign affairs, because there he can act largely at will, unconstrained by law.
Seattle Times(Nov 10, 2016)
Back: adj. 不受拘束的，不受强制的，不做作的; 落泊; 无拘束
分布：不受拘束的(40%)，自由的(40%)，不受强制的(20%)
adj. 不勉强的；非强迫的；不受约束的
 - independent, free

Word: toothbrush
Front: toothbrush
[ˈtu:θbrʌʃ] (中高 13896/15334 -1)
Back: n. 牙刷
分布：牙刷(100%)
noun countable
■a small brush with a long handle which you use to clean your teeth 牙刷

Word: upbraid
Front: upbraid
[ʌpˈbreɪd] (托宝 29948/35891)
Vocabulary: upbraid
(once / 2043 pages)
v
No, upbraid isn’t what girls get done at a salon before prom. When you upbraid people, you scold them, tell them off, and criticize them. (You could, however, upbraid your stylist after a bad haircut.)
The word upbraid comes from the Old English word upbregdan, which literally means "bring up quickly." Although this word doesn't have anything to do with hair, upbraid and braid are, in fact, related. The original meaning of braid was "to move quickly from side to side," which is what you do with your fingers when you're braiding someone's hair. When you upbraid someone, you're quickly bringing up different reasons why you're mad at them.
WORD FAMILY
upbraid: upbraided, upbraider, upbraiding, upbraids+/upbraider: upbraiders/upbraiding: upbraidings
USAGE EXAMPLES
In a pre-Christmas tweet, he praised Putin’s upbraiding of Hillary Clinton and the Democrats’ response to the election.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Mr. Bush, dealing with the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, ended up upbraiding Mr. Chen for adding to instability in East Asia.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 03, 2016)
Harbaugh spent eight minutes with the media making frequent use of the word “bitter,” upbraiding the officials.
Washington Post(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 责备，申斥，谴责
时态：upbraided, upbraiding, upbraids
分布：斥责(56%)，责骂(44%)
→up, 向上，braid, 挥舞，来自bher, 燃烧，照明，词源同burn, bright. 引申义申斥。
叱骂;谴责(up+braid辫子→向上抓辫子→谴责)[up=up,over表示"向上"]
叱骂,谴责(up向上+braid→向上扭→扭住不放→叱骂)[braid=twist,表示"扭"]
【记】up上，braid（n 辫子）－向上揪你的辫子－严厉责骂up，braid＝bride（n 新娘）－老婆地位至高无上－斥责你
【反】laud＝extol＝praise（v 赞扬）
[ʌp'breɪd] formal
verb transitive
■to forcefully or angrily tell someone they should not have done a particular thing and criticize them for having done it 申斥，责骂，训斥
• In newspaper articles she consistently upbraided those in authority who overstepped their limits. 在报载文章里，她不断谴责那些越权行事的当权者。
vt. 责骂；训斥
 - rate, hop on

Word: unsound
Front: unsound
[ˌʌnˈsaʊnd] (宝 21539/18902)
Back: adj. 不健全的; 不稳固的; 无根据的; 腐烂的
adv. 不健全地; 情况不佳地; 虚弱地; 有缺点地
分布：谬误的(44%)，无根据的(36%)，靠不住的(10%)，腐烂变质的(10%)
→un-, 不，非，sound, 健康的，稳妥的，通常用做形容词soundly.
【记】un不，sound（adj 合理可靠的）：理由不充分的
adjective
NOT ACCEPTABLE 不可接受的
■If a person's activities or judgment are unsound, they are not good enough, acceptable or able to be trusted （人的活动或判断）不够好的；不可接受的；靠不住的
• unsound accounting practices 不规范的会计行为
• unsound police evidence 不确凿的警方证据
[ʌn'saʊnd] adjective
WEAK 弱的
■If a building or other structure is unsound, it is in bad condition and likely to fall down or fail （建筑）有安全隐患的，不坚固的
• The bridge is one of several said to be structurally unsound. 这座桥据说是结构上有问题的几座桥梁之一。
adj. 不健全的；不健康的；谬误的；腐烂的；不牢靠的
 - unhealthy, undound

Word: underway
Front: underway
[ˌʌndəˈweɪ] (7154/8019 -2)
Back: adj. 在进行中的; 起步的; [航]在航行中的
adv. 进行中
n. 在航; 水底通道
分布：正在进行中的(100%)
US [-dɚ-] adjective [after verb]
■If something is underway, it is happening now 正在进行的；正在发生的
• Economic recovery is already underway. 经济已开始复苏了。
get underway
■to begin 开始
• The film festival gets underway on 11th July. 电影节于7月11日开幕。
adj. 进行中的；起步的；航行中的
 - toward, going

Word: unforgettable
Front: unforgettable
[ˌʌnfəˈgetəbl] (12439/14434)
Vocabulary: unforgettable
(once / 5289 pages)
adj
Use the adjective unforgettable to describe things that are so meaningful or important that you could never forget them, like the taste of your grandma's apple pie or your first kiss.
Things that linger forever in your memory are unforgettable. You might describe a devastating house fire this way, or your first trip to Paris. While the meaning of unforgettable is easy to decipher once you spot the root word forget, it's a lot harder to spell. Remember the double t and the able ending, and you'll do fine.
WORD FAMILY
unforgettable: unforgettably+/ forget: forgetful, forgeting, forgets, forgettable, forgetting, forgot, forgotten / forgetful: forgetfully, forgetfulness, self-forgetful/forgetfulness: forgetfulnesses/forgettable: forgettably, unforgettable / forgotten: forgottenly
USAGE EXAMPLES
A morsel of tempura-fried geoduck belly dipped in oyster mayonnaise was the most unforgettable bite at Scout’s chef’s counter.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The result is an unforgettable study of denial, the abuse of power and the immense moral bankruptcy of slavery.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
And Samsung’s Galaxy Note 7 was unforgettable, but for the wrong reasons.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 难忘的; 铭刻肺腑的
分布：难忘的(98%)，不会忘记的(2%)
US [-fɚtˌ'ge-] adjective
■An unforgettable experience has such a strong effect or influence on you that you cannot forget it. 难忘的；无法忘记的
adj. 难忘的
 - memorable, indelible

Word: widower
Front: widower
[ˈwɪdəʊə(r)] (15702/14393)
Vocabulary: widower
(once / 2185 pages)
n
If your grandmother has died, you can call your grandfather a widower, or a man whose wife is no longer living.
When a man loses his wife, he becomes a widower. The equivalent name for a woman whose husband dies is a widow. In many cases, a man is only referred to as a widower if he has not remarried. Both a widow and a widower are described as being widowed. The feminine form of this word came first, from the Old English widewe. The Indo-European root means "be empty," which perfectly describes the grief that many recent widowers feel.
WORD FAMILY
widower: widowers+/ widow: widowed, widower, widowhood, widowing, widows/widowhood: widowhoods
USAGE EXAMPLES
Naturally, it’s a down-to-earth widower with a precocious child and they require her aid.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
Under the old law, a widow or widower of a veteran would lose their benefit if they remarried at any age.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
In Our Souls at Night, they play neighbors—he a widower, she a widow—who discover each other in the autumn of their lives.
Time(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 鳏夫
分布：鳏夫(100%)
→词源同widow,寡妇。
US [-oʊ.ɚ] noun countable
■a man whose wife has died and who has not married again 鳏夫

Word: volleyball
Front: volleyball
[ˈvɒlibɔ:l] (中高研四六 7896/24975 -1)
Back: n. 排球（运动）
分布：排球(93%)，排球运动(7%)
→volley,投掷，发射，ball,球。该词用来命名排球。
n.排球Balloon, baseball, basketball, football and volleyball all dance ballet on the volcano.气球,棒球,篮球,足球和排球都在火山上跳芭蕾舞.
US ['vɑ:.li.bɑ:l] noun uncountable
■a game in which two teams use their hands to hit a large ball backwards and forwards over a high net without allowing the ball to touch the ground 排球（运动）
n. 排球
 - center forward

Word: weir
Front: weir
[wɪə(r)] (-/10813 -1)
Back: n. 坝，堰; 鱼梁（指拦截游鱼的枝条篱）; 泰国演员Sukollawat Kanaros的昵称
分布：拦河坝(50%)，堰堤(50%)
→来自wer,覆盖，关闭，保护，词源同cover,ward,warn。引申词义堰，拦河坝。
US [wɪr] noun countable
■a wall built under the water across a river, over which the water flows from one level to another in a controlled way 堰；拦河坝
n. [水利] 堰，坝；鱼梁（指拦截游鱼的枝条篱）
 - lasher, kiddle

Word: walkway
Front: walkway
[ˈwɔ:kweɪ] (9774/14774 -1)
Back: n. 走道; 人行道
分布：人行道(66%)，走道(34%)
US ['wɑ:-] noun countable
■a passage or path, especially one which is covered or raised above the ground （尤指有篷或高架的）走道，人行道
n. 通道， [建] 走道
 - door, exit, channel, route, aisle

Word: wight
Front: wight
[waɪt] (-/9937)
Back: n. 人类，人
分布：鬼怪(100%)
→来自古英语wiht,人，生物，生灵，来自wekti,原因，事物，物体，词源同aught,naught,whit,进一步来自wekw,说，告知，词源同voice,invoke.幽灵义最早来自《魔戒》作者J.R.R. Tolkien在描述中土世界时的使用，并逐渐成为该词的主要词义。
n. 人类；生物
 - mankind, humanity, biology, people

Word: aground
Front: aground
[əˈgraʊnd] (20375/22815 -1)
Vocabulary: aground
(once / 3380 pages)
advadj
Aground describes a boat that's accidentally gone ashore, or is stuck on the bottom of a lake or other body of water. If your kayak goes aground, you may need to get out and push it further out in the bay.
When you use the word aground, you're almost certainly talking about a boat or ship. If a sailboat runs aground, its hull can be damaged, which might even cause the boat to take on water. Running aground can be a minor inconvenience, or a major accident. Since about 1500, the adjective aground has been a nautical term that generally means "stranded on land."
WORD FAMILY
aground
USAGE EXAMPLES
Barges sometimes run aground, causing days of congestion, when the government fails to dredge some critical bend.
Economist(Dec 20, 2016)
It fumbles the issue it purports to address, and it eventually runs aground in a preposterous ending.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
The hosts, befuddled against disciplined opposition, appeared to be running aground.
The Guardian(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: adv. 搁浅地; 地面上
adj. 搁浅的; 在地面上的
分布：搁浅的(40%)，搁浅地(20%)，在地上(10%)，在地面上的(10%)，触礁地(10%)，触礁的(10%)
adjective [after verb]
■If a boat or ship is aground, it is unable to move because it is touching ground or in a place where there is very little water （船只）搁浅（的）
• The ship is currently aground off the Brittany coast. 目前，这艘船搁浅在布列塔尼沿海水域。
adv. [水运] 搁浅地；地面上
 - astrand
adj. [水运] 搁浅的；地面上的
 - ground, stranded

Word: adhesive
Front: adhesive
[ədˈhi:sɪv] (托宝 17140/12939 -1)
Vocabulary: adhesive
(once / 6022 pages)
adjn
An adhesive is something sticky that holds things together. Use an adhesive to repair a cracked plate.
Adhesive comes from the Latin adhaerere, meaning "stick to," which is precisely what something adhesive does — it sticks to things. An adhesive bonds surfaces together. It's the sticky side on a roll of duct tape that causes it to be so effective. The word can be used to describe both the substance itself: to use an adhesive, for example — or its property of stickiness: an adhesive bandage sticks to the skin.
WORD FAMILY
adhesive: adhesively, adhesiveness, adhesives, nonadhesive+/ adhere: adhered, adherent, adheres, adhering, adhesion, adhesive / adherence: adherences/ adherent: adherence, adherents/ adhesion: adhesions
USAGE EXAMPLES
As most of us are aware, tape purchased at the drugstore is a low-grade adhesive product that loses its stickiness with distressing rapidity.
Salon(Dec 02, 2016)
Back at the State Department, as Raphel’s co-workers watched, plainclothes investigators snapped pictures in her office and put adhesive seals on the doors.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 02, 2016)
It holds three pairs of lashes, includes a mirror and has additional storage space for tweezers, lash adhesive or another small item.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: n. 黏合剂，粘着剂
adj. 可黏着的，黏性的
分布：粘着剂(50%)，有粘性的(30%)，难忘的(20%)
发粘的n.胶带(ad+hes+ive)[her,hes=stick,表示"粘附"]
noun countable or uncountable
■glue 黏合剂，黏着剂
• You'll need a/some strong adhesive to mend that chair. 你需要用一种／一些强力黏合剂来修好这把椅子。
[əd'hi:.sɪv] adjective
■sticky 黏着的；有黏性的
• adhesive tape/paper 胶带／胶纸
n. [胶粘] 粘合剂；胶黏剂
 - binder, binding agent
adj. [物] 粘着的；带粘性的
 - gluey

Word: wonga
Front: wonga
['wɒŋɡə] None
Back: n. 澳洲大白面鸽
US ['wɑ:ŋ-] UK slang
noun uncountable
■money 钱

Word: alibi
Front: alibi
[ˈæləbaɪ] (宝 13258/16263 -1)
Vocabulary: alibi
(once / 4319 pages)
nv
Your alibi is evidence that proves your innocence. If you were making cookies with your mom when someone raided your sister's piggy bank, your mom is your alibi, since she knows you were with her when the crime was committed.
The noun alibi is the same word as its Latin root, alibi, which means "excuse." When you provide an alibi, you are giving proof — a certified excuse — that you could not have committed a crime. Alibi is easy to confuse with alias, which means "an assumed, or false, name."
WORD FAMILY
alibi: alibied, alibiing, alibis
USAGE EXAMPLES
Washington’s representative, Deputy Ambassador Michele Sison, described that remark as a “made-up alibi.”
Washington Post(Dec 05, 2016)
The US dismissed this as a "made-up alibi", saying Russia wanted to preserve recent military gains by Syrian government troops in Aleppo.
BBC(Dec 05, 2016)
He continues to alibi for the sweat-lodge death by way of offhand analogies to other adventuresome undertakings.
Slate(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 犯罪现场; <美口>辩解，托辞; [法]不在犯罪现场的抗辩事实
vi. 辩解; 找借口
vt. 为…辩解; 为（某人）提供不在现场的证词
时态：alibied, alibiing, alibis
分布：托辞(50%)，辩解(40%)，找托辞开脱(5%)，不在场证明或辩解(5%)
→拉丁词。词根al, 其它，同else.
【记】a一个，libi读：礼拜－一个礼拜－被告人一般都有一个礼拜的时间找不在场的证据证明自己的清白－不在场证据
noun countable
■proof that someone who is thought to have committed a crime could not have done it, especially the fact or statement that they were in another place at the time it happened （尤指没有犯罪时间的）不在犯罪现场的证据
• He has a cast-iron (= very strong) alibi - he was in hospital the week of the murder. 他有不在犯罪现场的铁证——谋杀发生的那一周他在住院。
■an excuse for something bad or for a failure 借口，托辞
• After eight years in power, the government can no longer use the previous government's policy as an alibi for its own failure. 本届政府已经执政八年，面对自己的失败，它再不能拿前任政府的政策作挡箭牌了。
n. 犯罪现场；辩解；托辞
 - explanation, venues
vi. 辩解；找借口
 - apologize, make an excuse

Word: acidic
Front: acidic
[əˈsɪdɪk] (托 14328/15489)
Vocabulary: acidic
(once / 41765 pages)
1adj 2adj
Something that's acidic has a sour or sharp taste. Lemonade, especially if it's light on the sugar, tastes very acidic.
Citrus fruits have a typically acidic flavor, and they qualify as acidic in the scientific definition of the word as well. In chemistry, something that's acidic has a low pH, as opposed to a base, which has a higher pH. Various kinds of acids and vinegar are also acidic. The word comes from acid, which originally meant "of the taste of vinegar," from the Latin word acidus, "sour or sharp."
WORD FAMILY
acidic
USAGE EXAMPLES
More carbon dioxide in the atmosphere translates into more acidic oceans, which erode coral structures.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
The 2015 chardonnay offers a buttery nose and a slightly acidic aftertaste that’s perfect for a cheesy pasta dish or a charcuterie platter.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Mine workers tried to prevent the birds from landing in the acidic wastewater, but were overwhelmed by their number.
BBC(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: adj. （味）酸的; [化]酸的，酸性的; 含有大量硅酸的
分布：酸性的(63%)，酸的(37%)
ADJ-GRADED
（物质）含酸的，酸性的
Acidic substances contain acid.
例：Dissolved carbon dioxide makes the water more acidic.二氧化碳溶解后能使水的酸性增加。
ADJ-GRADED
（味道）酸的
An acidic taste is sour and sharp.
例：If the sprouts smell, or taste, mouldy or acidic do not eat them.如果甘蓝闻着或吃着有霉味或酸味，请勿食用。
adj. 酸的，酸性的；产生酸的
 - sour, vinegary

Word: banger
Front: banger
[ˈbæŋə(r)] (27236/20575)
Back: n. 香肠; 破旧的汽车; 老爷车; （声音很响的）爆竹
分布：香肠(66%)，鞭炮(23%)，破旧的车(11%)
US [-ɚ] noun countable
CAR 汽车 UK a very old car in bad condition 老爷车，破旧的汽车
UK ['bæŋ.ər] US [-ɚ] noun countable
FIREWORK 爆竹 UK a small noisy firework (= small container of explosives which makes a loud noise when it explodes) 爆竹
UK ['bæŋ.ər] US [-ɚ] noun countable
FOOD 食物 UK informal for
■sausage
• bangers and mash (= potatoes) 香肠和薯泥
n. 鞭炮，爆竹；香肠；破旧车
 - firecracker, sausage

Word: amicably
Front: amicably
['æmɪkəblɪ] (24809/19317)
Vocabulary: amicably
(once / 4797 pages)
adv
When you do something amicably, you're doing it politely and nicely. It's best to deal with traffic cops and waiters amicably.
This word for doing things in a pleasant manner is often used in not so amicable situations. Let's say a couple gets divorced — if they parted amicably, then there wasn't a lot of yelling and screaming, and they both agreed to it. You could say two countries that dislike each other had a meeting of their leaders that was conducted amicably: they were polite and said nice things, even though that's not necessarily how they felt.
WORD FAMILY
amicable: amicability, amicableness, amicably +/amicableness: amicablenesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
It may be you two will decide to amicably divorce and become co-parents.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
Sometimes these licensing deals are negotiated amicably, and sometimes they’re settled in a protracted legal battle.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Mr. Jones declined to say anything other than that the matter had been “amicably resolved.”
Wall Street Journal(Nov 09, 2016)
Back: adv. 友善地
分布：友善地(75%)，和平地(25%)
adv. 友善地
 - friendly, companionably

Word: antiviral
Front: antiviral
[ˌæntiˈvaɪrəl] (22296/47679)
Back: adj. 抗病毒的
分布：抗病原体的(100%)

Word: atypical
Front: atypical
[ˌeɪˈtɪpɪkl] (14606/20885)
Vocabulary: atypical
(once / 27047 pages)
adj
Typical means what you would expect—a typical suburban town has lots of neat little houses and people. Atypical means outside of type—an atypical suburban town might be populated by zombies in damp caves.
Atypical is a synonym of "unusual," but it carries a more objective feel—scientific studies might mention atypical results, suggesting that there is a clear definition of what is typical and what is not. "Unusual" is more of a casual observation that one might make in a non-scientific context.
WORD FAMILY
atypical: atypicality, atypically+/ typical: antitypical, atypical, typicality, typically, untypical/typicality: untypicality/untypical: untypically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Whenever it does end, saying goodbye to LeWitt’s wall drawing will require another atypical process for a work of art.
Washington Times(Dec 11, 2016)
“As troubling as these events are … the mass shooter is really atypical of the larger problem of gun violence and actually rare.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 06, 2016)
“We’re coming up against the same time of year again, and maybe that was a one-year atypical trend,” he said.
Washington Times(Nov 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 非典型的
分布：非典型的(72%)，不规则的(14%)，破格的(7%)，不定形的(7%)
→前缀a- , 不，非。typical，典型的。
不定形的;变态的(a不+typival典型的)[typ=type,表示"模式,形状"]
【记】a无，非，typical典型的
adjective
■not typical; different from all the others of its type 非典型的；异常的；不同寻常的
• The sociable behaviour of lions is considered atypical of the cat family. 狮子的群居习性被认为是猫科动物中的特例。
adj. 非典型的；不合规则的
 - untypical, otypic

Word: benelux

Word: bauble
Front: bauble
[ˈbɔ:bl] (宝 23858/25264)
Vocabulary: bauble
(once / 5488 pages)
n
Baubles are trinkets or novelty items that cost little and aren’t very important or valuable, such as a plastic ring in the shape of a daisy that covers half of your finger in hot-pink plastic.
Baubles: the Mardi Gras beads you collected last year, the small statue of the Eiffel tower your grandparents brought back from Paris, those big glass bulbs you use to decorate a Christmas tree, a computer mouse made to look like a hamburger.
WORD FAMILY
bauble: baubles
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Reporters received a ‘Style Alert’ email touting the bauble.”
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
We will adorn their branches with twinkling lights and colourful baubles and place our lovingly wrapped gifts underneath.
BBC(Dec 02, 2016)
“This is basically a silly hobby,” he says, admiring his RedBar brethren’s timely baubles.
Washington Post(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: n. 小玩意; 华而不实的小件装饰品; 无价值的东西; 丑角的手杖
分布：小玩意(61%)，美观的便宜货(13%)，华而不实的小件装饰品(13%)，丑角手杖(13%)
→来自古法语baubel的俗化，词根bel, 好，漂亮，同belle, 美女。bau为bel重复变体。来自词根重复构词法。
【记】读：抱吧！反正是一些不值钱的花哨小玩意儿，随便拿！
US ['bɑ:-] noun countable
■a piece of bright but cheap jewellery 美观的廉价首饰
■a ball-shaped Christmas decoration for hanging on a tree 圣诞树装饰球
n. 小玩意；美观而无价值的饰物
 - gadget, doohickey

Word: barbarity
Front: barbarity
[bɑ:ˈbærəti] (28784/33107)
Back: n. 残暴; 暴行; 野蛮; 粗野
分布：暴行(57%)，残忍(43%)
US [bɑ:r'bær.ə.tˌi] noun countable or uncountable
■behaviour that is very cruel, or a very cruel act 野蛮的；暴虐的
• This barbarity must cease! 必须停止这种暴行！
• The dictatorship has been responsible for countless barbarities. 独裁的政府对无数的野蛮行径负有责任。
n. 残暴；粗野
 - devilry, grossness

Word: believable
Front: believable
[bɪˈli:vəbl] (13443/19992 -1)
Vocabulary: believable
(once / 1834 pages)
adj
If something's believable, it's not too outlandish to believe — it makes sense that it's true. A believable explanation for why you're late to work might be a flat tire or a broken alarm clock.
Believable stories are convincing, and believable excuses are credible. It's believable that you once spotted a movie star at a restaurant in New York, but less believable that you then went to a carnival together and rode on the Ferris Wheel. The word believe is at the heart of believable, from the Old English belyfan, "to believe." The more common spelling until the 17th century was beleeve.
WORD FAMILY
believable: believability, believably, unbelievable +/ belief: beliefs, disbelief, unbelief /believability: believabilities/ believe: belief, believable, believed, believer, believes, believing, disbelieve, misbelieve/ believer: believers, nonbeliever, unbeliever/believing: believingly, believings, unbelieving/ disbelief: disbeliefs/disbelieve: disbelieved, disbeliever, disbelieves, disbelieving/disbeliever: disbelievers/disbelieving: disbelievingly/misbelieve: misbelieved, misbeliever, misbelieves, misbelieving/misbeliever: misbelievers/nonbeliever: nonbelievers/ unbelief: unbeliefs/ unbelievable: unbelievably/unbeliever: unbelievers/unbelieving: unbelievingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Therefore, by applying that term to credible outlets, it becomes much more believable.”
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Eventually, accord is reached in the quietest and most believable way possible—it sneaks up on the characters, and on us.
Time(Dec 23, 2016)
That’s about as believable as his plan for replacing Obamacare with something better.
Salon(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 可信的
分布：可相信的(100%)
【反】implausible（adj 难以置信的）
adjective
■If something is believable, it seems possible, real or true 可信的
• I didn't find any of the characters in the film believable. 我觉得影片中的人物都不真实。
adj. 可信的
 - trusted, credible, authentic

Word: bondage
Front: bondage
[ˈbɒndɪdʒ] (托宝 16176/18715 -1)
Vocabulary: bondage
(once / 868 pages)
n
Bondage is the state of being bound, like a slave. If you're in handcuffs, you're in bondage.
The word bondage has meant "condition of a serf or slave" since the 1300s, the same time the word bond came along to mean "anything that binds." Bondage originated around the time Dante was writing "The Inferno," in which Satan flaps his wings to try and break free of bondage, as he's stuck in ice up to his chest. Most people would like to be free of any kind of bondage, which is why the X-Ray Spex (a punk band from the '70s) yell, "Oh bondage, up yours!"
WORD FAMILY
bondage: bondages
USAGE EXAMPLES
Modern slavery has become a catch-all term to describe human trafficking, forced labor, debt bondage, sex trafficking, forced marriage and other slave-like exploitation.
Reuters(Nov 28, 2016)
Stanton was best known for his bondage work on comic strips like “Sweeter Gwendolyn” and “Confidential TV.”
New York Times(Oct 27, 2016)
If these were men being held in bondage the world would be up in arms.
New York Times(Oct 18, 2016)
Back: n. 奴役，束缚; 身体受束缚; 奴役处境; （英国古代的）农奴租地法
分布：束缚(72%)，奴役(28%)
→来自PIE *bheue, 存在，生长，居住，词源同be，原指农夫，佃农，同husband. 后词义受bond影响。
【记】bond＝band带，绳－被绳子绑起来－束缚
US ['bɑ:n-] noun uncountable
SERVANT 仆人 literary
■the state of being another person's slave (= a person who is owned by them and has to work for them) 奴役
• The slaves were kept in bondage until their death. 奴隶们终生受到奴役。
UK ['bɒn.dɪdʒ] US ['bɑ:n-] noun uncountable
SEX 性行为
■the activity of tying parts of a person's body so that they cannot move in order to get or give sexual pleasure （为获得性快感）捆绑起来做爱
• They were into (= They liked) bondage. 他们有性虐待癖。
• bondage gear 捆绑器具
UK ['bɒn.dɪdʒ] US ['bɑ:n-] noun uncountable
be in bondage to sth literary
■to be controlled by something 受…的束缚
n. 奴役，束缚；奴役身份
 - chain, restriction, slavery, Enslaved

Word: bulletproof
Front: bulletproof
[ˈbʊlɪtpru:f] (14648/-)
Back: adj. 防弹的
时态：bulletproofed, bulletproofing, bulletproofs
分布：防弹的(70%)，枪弹打不穿的(30%)
防弹的(bullet子弹)[-proof表形容词"防…的"]
adj. [军] 防弹的
 - shot-proof, cannonproof, shellproof

Word: cam
Front: cam
[kæm] (14491/13027)
Back: n. 凸轮
分布：凸轮(99%)，计算机辅助制造=computer-aided manufacturing(1%)
→可能来自PIE *kam , 转，弯，拱，进一步来自sker, 转，弯，词源同ring,curve.

Word: cataclysmic
Front: cataclysmic
[ˌkætə'klɪzmɪk] (18690/22735)
Vocabulary: cataclysmic
(once / 18672 pages)
adj
Something that’s cataclysmic is violently destructive. The word often refers to natural disasters, like a cataclysmic earthquake, but cataclysmic can describe other events as well as long as they’re bad enough, like the cataclysmic failure you had making meatloaf.
Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, floods, tornados, landslide . . . These natural disasters are often described as cataclysmic when they cause great devastation. Cataclysmic isn't just for describing natural disasters — personal disasters can be called cataclysmic as well if you want to emphasize just how badly something turned out. If your meatloaf is just so-so, it’s not so disastrous. But if it’s so spectacularly bad that no one can eat it? That’s a cataclysmic failure.
WORD FAMILY
cataclysmic: cataclysmically+/ cataclysm: cataclysmal, cataclysmic, cataclysms
USAGE EXAMPLES
There are more of these movies than ever, with budget-bulging cataclysmic finales all gunning to top each other.
The Guardian(Dec 12, 2016)
The impression is one of figures hurled back by some cataclysmic disaster.
The New Yorker(Dec 05, 2016)
This cataclysmic moment could finally decide a winner—the East versus the West—in a long-simmering battle for global supremacy.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 洪水的，大变动的
分布：灾难性的(87%)，剧变的(13%)
ADJ-GRADED
灾难性的；引起巨大变化的
A cataclysmic event is one that changes a situation or society very greatly, especially in an unpleasant way.
例：...the cataclysmic events that were destroying his faith in humanity...摧毁他对人性的信念的灾难性事件
例：Few had expected that change to be as cataclysmic as it turned out to be.没有几个人料到那个变化会如此翻天覆地。
adj. 大变动的；洪水的
 - pluvial

Word: ceaseless
Front: ceaseless
[ˈsi:sləs] (托 19436/19003)
Vocabulary: ceaseless
(once / 1021 pages)
adj
Someone who is on a ceaseless quest for the world’s tastiest French fry will never stop searching until they find it, in all its greasy glory. Ceaseless is an adjective that means “never-ending” or “uninterrupted.”
The verb cease means “to stop,” so ceaseless refers to something that never stops. You might listen to the ceaseless sound of crashing waves at the beach, or you could say that the Internet is a ceaseless source of information. Ceaseless can also refer to things that only seem like they go on forever; it’s often used in the phrase “seemingly ceaseless.” During a blizzard you might complain about the ceaseless snow, even though the snow will eventually stop.
WORD FAMILY
ceaseless: ceaselessly, ceaselessness+/ cease: ceased, ceaseless, ceases, ceasing, cessation /ceasing: unceasing/ cessation: cessations/unceasing: unceasingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ceaseless drizzle dampened the woods for 10 hours and the serene gloom kept me guessing if it was night or day.
BBC(Dec 15, 2016)
A number reported leaving King County to flee ceaseless growth, traffic and congestion.
Seattle Times(Dec 02, 2016)
But the ceaseless courtship ritual has provided fodder for “Soon by You,” a web series she produces and acts in about dating in the community.
New York Times(Nov 18, 2016)
Back: adj. <正> 不停的，（好像）无休止的，不断的; 无休无止; 无止无休; 无了无休
分布：不停的(85%)，不绝的(15%)
['si:.sləs] slightly formal
adjective
■continuous; without stopping 连续的；不停的，不断的
adj. 不断的；不停的
 - unceasing, loud, incessant

Word: cloister
Front: cloister
[ˈklɔɪstə(r)] (宝 23940/15950)
Vocabulary: cloister
(once / 840 pages)
1nv 2nv
A cloister is an enclosed garden, usually surrounded by covered walkways. Because such spaces are often featured in buildings that house religious orders, cloister can be used to mean "monastery" or "convent."
In enclosed religious orders, monks and nuns withdraw from society to devote themselves to prayer and contemplation. In order to provide them with access to the outdoors while protecting them from contact with the secular world, the cloister became a common element of convents and monasteries. When used as a verb, cloister generally loses its religious connotation and means "to seclude" or "isolate." Don't get a lunch detention or you'll be cloistered in the classroom while all the other kids are running around outside.
WORD FAMILY
cloister: cloistered, cloistering, cloisters, cloistral
USAGE EXAMPLES
While many this weekend will look ahead to 2017, the Met Cloisters will look back — way, way back.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Now, if you ask me, theologians are not too far removed from the insufferable cloistered scribes of the nation’s greatest newspaper.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Sitting atop all this heavy construction like a delicate flower is the abbey’s cloister.
Seattle Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. （学院、修道院、教堂等建筑的）走廊; 回廊; 修道院的生活; 隐居
vt. 隐退，使与世隔绝
时态：cloistered, cloistering, cloisters
分布：修道院(52%)，回廊(22%)，隐居地(8%)，远离尘世(6%)，用环廊环绕(4%)，隐居(4%)，寺庙(4%)
→词源同close,关闭。因修道者修道之地需隐蔽而得名。
【记】cloist＝close关，er表地点－关闭之地－修道院；
【参】cloistered（adj 隐居的＝secluded）
US [-stɚ] noun countable usually plural
■a covered stone passage around the four sides of a courtyard (= a square or rectangular space) especially in a religious building such as a church or monastery （尤指教堂、修道院等宗教建筑的）回廊
n. 回廊；修道院；修道院生活；隐居地
 - monastery, monkery

Word: caviar
Front: caviar
[ˈkæviɑ:(r)] (14204/22498 -1)
Vocabulary: caviar
(once / 8698 pages)
n
Caviar is food that's considered a delicacy, although it's really just fish eggs. You might find caviar on the menu at a fancy restaurant.
Typically, caviar comes from large fish like sturgeon or salmon, whose eggs are cleaned and lightly salted. Caviar looks like tiny bubbles, ranging in color from black to gray to red, depending on the type of fish. It tastes mildly fishy and salty. The word caviar is French, from a Persian root, khaviyar, from khaya, "egg."
WORD FAMILY
caviar: caviars
USAGE EXAMPLES
Threats include overfishing for meat and roe for the caviar trade, habitat loss and pollution.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
The Ritz bar is serving caviar and weenies.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
It’s diamonds and Priuses — or really just a few ounces of vegan caviar — with all the savings.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 鱼子酱; 〈俚〉被检查员涂掉的句子
分布：鱼子酱(100%)
→词源不确定。
US [-ɑ:r/ UK [ˌ--'-] noun uncountable
■the eggs of various large fish, especially the sturgeon , which are eaten as food and are usually very expensive 鱼子酱

Word: congratulatory
Front: congratulatory
[kənˌgrætʃuˈleɪtəri] (24431/33332)
Back: adj. 祝贺的
分布：祝贺的(58%)，庆祝的(42%)
adj. 祝贺的；庆祝的
 - gratulatory

Word: configure
Front: configure
[kənˈfɪgə(r)] (13210/17544)
Back: v. 配置; 设定; 使成形; 使具一定形式
时态：configured, configuring, configures
分布：配置(100%)
→con-, 强调。-figure, 形成，形状。即形成某一形状的，布置。
US [kən'fɪg.ɚ] verb transitive
■to arrange something or change the controls on a computer or other device so that it can be used in a particular way 装配，配置，设定（电脑或其他装置的设备）
• [+ to infinitive] Some software can be configured to prevent children from giving out their phone numbers on the Internet. 可以安装某些软体来防止孩子在网上泄露他们的电话号码。
vt. 安装；使成形
 - fit, fix

Word: compressor
Front: compressor
[kəmˈpresə(r)] (14780/22603)
Back: n. 压气机，压缩机
分布：压缩机(100%)
压缩机(com共同＋press压)[-or表名词"人或物器",在一些词根前写成"-ator"]
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■a (part of a) machine which presses gas or air into less space 压缩机，压缩器
n. [电子] [机] 压缩机；压缩物；收缩肌； [医] 压迫器
 - compression pump, constriction

Word: converter
Front: converter
[kənˈvɜ:tə(r)] (托 15349/16820 -1)
Back: n. [自]变换器; 换流器，变压器，变频器; [冶]炼钢炉，吹风转炉; 使转变[改变信仰]的人
分布：转换器(99%)，=convertor.(1%)
US [-'vɝ:.tˌɚ] (also convertor)
noun countable
■a machine or device that changes something into a different form 转换器
n. [电] [电子] 变流器，整流器； [计] 转化器
 - rectifier, commutator

Word: dee
Front: dee
[di:] (-/9192)
Back: n. D字形马具
n. D形物；D（英语字母）；学位
 - academic degree

Word: crusty
Front: crusty
[ˈkrʌsti] (13502/19036 -1)
Vocabulary: crusty
(once / 5272 pages)
adj
The adjective crusty is good for describing something that is crisp on the outside, like a loaf of French bread.
You can describe something with a crunchy outer layer and a softer inside as crusty, but you can also use the word to mean "crabby" or "ill-tempered." Your mean old neighbor who yells at kids to get off his lawn is crusty, for example. While the literal meaning is older, this "cranky or surly" meaning has been around since the 1500's. The root of both is the Latin crusta, "rind, crust, shell or bark."
WORD FAMILY
crusty: crustier, crustiest, crustily+/ crust: crusted, crusting, crustlike, crusts, crusty, encrust / encrust: encrustation, encrusted, encrusting, encrusts/encrustation: encrustations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Served in the restaurant, the buffet includes fresh carrot, apple-lime and watermelon juices; cheeses and charcuterie; crusty breads; and various sweets.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Scrape the crusty bits from the bottom and turn the mixture to allow other parts to brown.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 29, 2016)
She rubbed her crusty eyes as she asked if we had slept well.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
Back: adj. 易怒的; 执拗的; 有壳的
n. 硬壳族，脏皮士（生活在常规社会之外、身穿旧衣服到处游逛的英国青年）
级别：crustier, crustiest
分布：暴躁的(55%)，有硬壳的(20%)，有脆皮的(15%)，顽固的(10%)
adjective
HARD LAYER 有硬壳的
■having a hard outer layer 有硬壳的
• fresh, crusty bread 新鲜的脆皮面包
['krʌs.ti] adjective
EASILY ANNOYED 易怒的
■(especially of older people) complaining and easily annoyed （尤指老年人）易怒的，爱抱怨的，脾气坏的
• a crusty old man 坏脾气的老头
['krʌs.ti] noun countable UK informal
■a young person who does not live in a way that society considers normal, typically with untidy or dirty clothes and hair, and no regular job or permanent home 脏皮士（指生活方式不同常人，衣衫褴褛、头发脏乱，没有固定工作和住所的年轻人）
• Lots of crusties came into town for the festival. 许多脏皮士来到镇上欢庆节日。
adj. 易怒的；执拗的； [食品] 有壳的；像外壳一样的
 - difficult, passionate

Word: dab
Vocabulary: dab
(once / 2884 pages)
1nv 2nv
A dab is a quick, soft application of something, like paint or makeup. You might touch up a clown's makeup with several dabs on his cheeks and forehead.
A dab is the motion with which you pat or apply something to a surface, and it's also the tiny amount of material you're applying. An artist might work in dabs of paint, and a baker might lick a dab of cake batter off her finger. Dab is a verb too: "Dab this aloe on your sunburn — it'll feel much better." A dab is a "light, striking movement," from the earlier dabben, "to strike."
WORD FAMILY
dab: dabbed, dabbing, dabs
USAGE EXAMPLES
Dab on a little stain if the treated area is lighter than the surrounding wood.
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
All the performers are dab hands with an assortment of instruments, musical styles and instant impersonations.
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
He does the dab, a dance move that looks like he’s sneezing into his elbow.
Washington Post(Dec 07, 2016)

Word: coop
Front: coop
[ku:p] (托宝 -/24610)
Vocabulary: coop
(once / 4546 pages)
n
A coop is a small enclosed area or structure where chickens are kept. If you feel cooped up, you feel like you’re stuck in a small space, like a giant chicken in a tiny cage.
A coop is where chickens get shelter from bad weather and predators. Without a hyphen, the word co-op, which is short for co-operative organization, turns into coop. That can be confusing to chickens because they don’t know if they will have meetings or a safe place to lay eggs. Coop comes from the Old English word cype, "basket" or "cask," with the Latin root cupa, "cask" or "tub."
WORD FAMILY
coop: coops
USAGE EXAMPLES
Foxes are experts on chicken coops, it is true.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
Regulations would be created for chicken coops and squawking hens.
Washington Times(Dec 18, 2016)
“It’s easier for veterans to open up to other veterans,” Coop said.
Washington Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. （关家禽等的）笼子; 栏舍; 拘禁的场所; <俚>监牢
vt. 把…关在笼子（或栏舍等）中，把…拘禁起来
vi. <美><俚>（警察值勤时）打瞌睡
分布：笼子(82%)，把…关起来(18%)
→来自拉丁词cupa, 小桶，酒桶，词源同cup. 因形似小桶而引申此词义。
【记】把中间两个OO大声的念出来（像不像关在笼子里的鸡的哀鸣）
noun countable
■a cage (= small space surrounded by bars, wire, etc.) where small animals are kept, especially chickens （尤指关鸡等动物的）笼子，栏舍
[ku:p] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] coop sb/sth up
■to keep someone or something in a closed space 把…关起来；把…囚禁在狭小空间
• I feel like I've been cooped up in this flat for days. 我感觉自己好像被囚禁在这间公寓里有好几天了。
vt. 把…关进笼子里；限制；拘禁
 - block, qualify
n. 鸡笼；小屋；捕鱼篓
 - shed, cottage

Word: destitution
Front: destitution
[ˌdestɪ'tju:ʃn] (宝 27882/24893)
Vocabulary: destitution
(once / 3508 pages)
n
Destitution is an unfortunate state in which a person lacks something important — like money, food, companionship, or even hope.
Everyone is down on their luck sometimes. Most people will get seriously sick at some point, lose a job, or have a marriage fall apart. However, most people won't fall into destitution, which is a truly hopeless state. Homeless people are in a state of destitution. People starving or without medical care are in a state of destitution. If someone is in a state of destitution, he is experiencing utter despair.
WORD FAMILY
destitution: destitutions
USAGE EXAMPLES
They confronted scarlet fever, “grippe,” deafness, loneliness and destitution.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
The deaths shocked many Russians, evoking grim memories of widespread destitution after the collapse of the Soviet Union.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
What happened between now and her once promising music career — 10 haunting years of destitution and desperation — is difficult to overcome, she said.
New York Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: n. 穷困，缺乏，贫穷
分布：穷困(58%)，缺乏(42%)
缺乏;穷困[atitut,stit=setup,place,表示"建立,放"]
n. 穷困；缺乏
 - shortage, deficiency, need, short of, drought

Word: dessert
Front: dessert
[dɪˈzɜ:t] (高研六托 4269/9993 -2)
Vocabulary: dessert
(once / 1380 pages)
n
Served as the last course of a meal, a dessert is often sweet, like cake or pie. If you have a sweet tooth, you may wish it were the only course of the meal.
The word dessert originates from an interesting French word, desservir, which actually means "to clear the table." After the dinner dishes are removed, the host brings out the dessert. These days, desserts don't always have to be a sweet course, but can instead be a savory or a cheese course. Other offbeat treats include Vidalia onion ice cream and radish pie.
WORD FAMILY
dessert: desserts
USAGE EXAMPLES
Tim and I enjoy our drinks and dessert of deep-fried Snickers, which is indulgence par excellence.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Even if you are usually disinclined to order dessert at Chinese restaurants, you really should try the fried rice cakes with black sugar.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Try it with a creamy pastry dessert or with blueberry pancakes on New Year’s morning.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 餐后甜食; 甜点
分布：名词(100%)
→des-, 不，非，使相反。-sert, 服务，词源同deserts, serve. 即停止正餐服务，上甜点。
n.正餐后的水果或甜食The assessor asserts that he inserted the deserted desserts in the desert with alert.估价人认定他用警惕把被抛弃的甜点心插入沙漠中.
US [-'zɝ:t] noun countable or uncountable
 ADVANCED
■sweet food eaten at the end of a meal 甜食，甜品
• a dessert fork/spoon 甜品叉／匙
• For dessert there's apple pie, cheesecake or fruit. 甜品有苹果派、起司蛋糕和水果可供选择。
• If you make the main course, I'll make a dessert. 如果你做主菜，那我就来做甜品。
desert, dessert
desert: 沙漠。如：Have you ever been to a desert?
dessert: 甜食。如：What would you like for dessert, an apple pie or ice-cream?

Word: disservice
Front: disservice
[dɪsˈsɜ:vɪs] (六 15185/20460)
Back: n. 伤害，虐待，不亲切的行为
分布：伤害(60%)，危害(34%)，帮倒忙(6%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。service, 服务，效劳。即相反的服务，引申词义损害，中伤。
US [-'sɝ:-] noun only singular
■an action which harms something or someone 有害行为；损害，危害
• She has done a great disservice to her cause by suggesting that violence is justifiable. 她因暗示暴力的合理性，从而使她的事业蒙受了巨大的损失。
n. 伤害；帮倒忙的行为；不亲切的行为；虐待
 - harm, punishment, abuse

Word: ecclesiastical
Front: ecclesiastical
[ɪˌkli:ziˈæstɪkl] (14347/6700 -1)
Vocabulary: ecclesiastical
(once / 430 pages)
adj
Anything ecclesiastical is related to the Christian church. An ecclesiastical office is the office at a church, and a nun’s habit is ecclesiastical dress. A hat with a propeller on top is not.
Ecclesiastical things have to do with Christian churches or the clergy. Pews, readings from the Bible, and stained glass windows are all part of the ecclesiastical world. The ecclesiastical hierarchy is the pecking order of the clergy. If a politician gets support from a church, that's an ecclesiastical endorsement. If you believe in the separation of church and state, you definitely don't want ecclesiastical teachings to inform the way laws are made. Secular is the opposite of ecclesiastical.
WORD FAMILY
ecclesiastic: ecclesiastical, ecclesiastically, ecclesiasticism, ecclesiastics+/ecclesiasticism: ecclesiasticisms
USAGE EXAMPLES
He lives in Lambeth Palace, surrounded by priceless artefacts and can legitimately claim to be the ecclesiastical leader of more than 85 million pilgrims.
BBC(Dec 01, 2016)
It was this fear that, across decades, sparked the peculiar ruthlessness of his ecclesiastical boundary protection.
The New Yorker(Nov 15, 2016)
This is no ecclesiastical procedural: Law’s character wakes up as Pope, preparing to face the faithful in St Peter’s Square.
The Guardian(Oct 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 基督教的; 教会的
分布：基督教会的(50%)，教士的(50%)
[ɪˌkli:.zi'æs.tɪk.əl] (also ecclesiastic) slightly formal
adjective
■belonging to or connected with the Christian religion 基督教的；与基督教会有关的
adj. 教会的；牧师的；神职的
 - church, ministerial

Word: doomsayer
Front: doomsayer
[ˈdu:mseɪə(r)] (29390/-)
Back: n. 凶事预示者
分布：预言灾难者(100%)

Word: feudalism
Front: feudalism
[ˈfju:dəlɪzəm] (29153/17131)
Vocabulary: feudalism
(once / 4135 pages)
n
Feudalism was a European political system in which a lord owned all the land while vassals and serfs farmed it. Feudalism ended in the 1400s.
People who lived during feudalism didn't use the term feudalism. In fact, it wasn't until several centuries after this system ended that scholars coined the term feudalism. The ending -ism means "philosophy or system." And feudal comes from the Medieval Latin word feudalis, meaning "feudal estate," and is related to feodary, "one who holds lands of an overlord in exchange for service."
WORD FAMILY
feudalism: feudalisms, feudalistic+/ feudal: feudalism, feudalize, feudally, feudatory/feudalistic: feudalistically/feudalize: feudalized/feudatory: feudatories
USAGE EXAMPLES
Management theorists sanctify capitalism in much the same way that clergymen of yore sanctified feudalism.
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
Under the old feudalism, the peasants were exploited; under the new arrangement, they’ll merely be superfluous.
The New Yorker(Dec 11, 2016)
Such a group sentiment reflects a 5000-year-old Korean heritage of feudalism mixed with Confucianism in which citizens show enormous deference to their leaders.
Slate(Nov 18, 2016)
Back: n. 封建制度，封建主义
分布：封建制度(100%)
→来自feudal, 封建的。
n. 封建主义；封建制度
 - feudal system

Word: epilepsy
Front: epilepsy
[ˈepɪlepsi] (18591/15667 -1)
Vocabulary: epilepsy
(once / 2492 pages)
n
If you have epilepsy, you have a central nervous system disorder that may cause you to lose consciousness and have convulsions.
The noun epilepsy comes from the Greek word epilēpsia, which itself means seizure. Not all seizures are caused by epilepsy, but an epileptic seizure occurs when a strong electrical disturbance occurs in the brain. The severity and intensity of the seizures depend on many factors and are unique to each person. It may be possible to control seizures through medication, although not everyone with epilepsy will respond to medication. People with uncontrolled epilepsy should not drive.
WORD FAMILY
epilepsy: epilepsies, epileptic+/epileptic: epileptically, epileptics
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some speculate that it represents temporal-lobe epilepsy, others schizophrenia; auditory hallucinations are common in both conditions.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Photosensitive epilepsy may thus be underreported because people who suffer from it mistake the symptoms for something else.
Time(Dec 20, 2016)
Mr Wigglesworth explained that photosensitive epilepsy is a type of epilepsy in which seizures are triggered by flashing or flickering light.
BBC(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. [医]癫痫，羊痫疯
分布：癫痫症(100%)
→epi-, 在上，在中。-lepsy, 拿，握，抓住，词源同lemma, catalepsy. 即疾病上身的。
noun uncountable
■a condition of the brain which causes a person to become unconscious for short periods or to move in a violent and uncontrolled way 癫痫，羊痫疯，羊角风
• She can't drive because she suffers from/has epilepsy. 她不能开车，因为她患有癫痫。
n. [内科] 癫痫，癫痫症
 - falling sickness, sacred disease

Word: glib
Front: glib
[glɪb] (托宝 19183/21385)
Vocabulary: glib
(once / 2543 pages)
adj
A hiring manager might think you're being glib, or slick and insincere, if you say you've led a successful multinational corporation when you were actually in charge of flipping burgers for a fast-food restaurant chain.
The word glib might be used to describe the slick car salesman who uses his polished sales pitch to talk his customers into buying lemons. In fact, the word comes from old German and Dutch words for "slippery," another word that could be used to describe the very same salesman. In addition to meaning "smooth" and "persuasive," glib can be applied to the kind of thoughtless comment that could get you into big trouble. Telling your boss that you had a "hot time" with his daughter is the kind of glib remark that could end your career.
WORD FAMILY
glib: glibber, glibbest, glibly, glibness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some were reassuring, some were glib, some were funny – actually probably only one was funny – and the rest were just lovely.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
There are lots of glib things said about the rise of populism.
BBC(Dec 16, 2016)
Describing Scurvy as a 'bit of a lemon' would be glib and unfair.
Nature(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. <贬>（演讲者或演讲）油腔滑调的; 不诚恳的; 未经思考的; 肤浅的
分布：圆滑的(67%)，能说善道的(33%)
→词源同glide. 用于形容人油腔滑调。
【记】g割，lib＝lip：把嘴唇割成三半，就会油嘴滑舌的ad-lib（n 即兴表演adj 即兴的）add一个lipcensure（v 责难n 责难）三舌
【反】labored（adj 吃力的；谨慎的）；awkward（adj 笨拙的）；taciturn（adj 沉默寡言的）
[glɪb] (glibber, glibbest)
adjective
■speaking or spoken in a confident way, but without careful thought or honesty 花言巧语的，油嘴滑舌的；（说话）不诚恳的，未经思考的
• He's a glib, self-centred man. 他是个油嘴滑舌、自私自利的人。
• No one was convinced by his glib answers/explanations. 没有人相信他那信口开河的回答／解释。
adj. 口齿伶俐的，油嘴滑舌的
 - smooth-tongued, saponaceous

Word: gland
Front: gland
[glænd] (托雅 7991/7919 -1)
Back: n. <解>腺; [机]密封压盖，填料盖
分布：腺(100%)
→来自gwele, 橡实，球体，词源同globe. 因呈球体而得名，用于解剖学术语。
noun countable
■an organ of the body or of a plant which secretes (= produces) liquid chemicals that have various purposes 腺
• The glands in my neck are a bit swollen. 我颈部的腺体有点肿胀。

Word: hippocampus
Front: hippocampus
[ˌhɪpəˈkæmpəs] (21713/31265)
Vocabulary: hippocampus
(once / 69937 pages)
n
A hippocampus is a complex neural structure that's part of the brain. Your brain has two hippocampi, and they're important for memories and emotions.
This word has a complex history. Originally, it meant a seahorse, and it has also meant a small fish that resembles a seahorse. That resemblance is why the brain structures known as the hippocampus major and hippocampus minor have that name: they look kind of like seahorses too. The hippocampi are found on the floor of your brain's ventricles, and they are vital to feeling and remembering. Without your hippocampi, you wouldn't be who you are.
WORD FAMILY
hippocampus: hippocampi, hippocampuses
USAGE EXAMPLES
After four weeks, the scientists looked at brain tissue from the hippocampus of both groups of animals, checking for B.D.N.F. levels.
New York Times(Jun 15, 2016)
The hippocampus, a region associated with memory, also lost volume.
Science Magazine(Dec 19, 2016)
These routines continued for seven weeks, after which the researchers microscopically examined brain tissue from the hippocampus of each animal.
New York Times(Feb 17, 2016)
Back: n. <希神><罗神>马头鱼尾的怪兽; 海马回; 海马状突起; 海马体（大脑中被认为是感情和记忆中心的部分）
分布：海马(100%)
→来自希腊语hippokampos,古希腊神话中海王Neptune的战马，来自hippos,马，kampos,海妖。后用于解剖学术语指大脑部位海马体，因形如海马而得名，被认为是感情和记忆的中心。
n. [解剖] [脊椎] 海马；马头鱼尾怪兽（神话中的一个形象）
 - sea horse

Word: homegrown
Front: homegrown
['həʊmɡr'əʊn] (-/38059)
Back: adj. （蔬菜等）本地出产[种植]; （蔬菜等）自己园子里种植的; 本国制造[出产]
分布：自家种植的(72%)，土生的(28%)
adj. 国产的；自家种植的
 - indigenous

Word: homestead
Front: homestead
[ˈhəʊmsted] (12668/21935 -1)
Vocabulary: homestead
(once / 1063 pages)
nv
A homestead is a house and surrounding land owned by a family — often, it includes a farmhouse.
Most people have homes, but not everyone has a homestead: that means your family owns more than a house. The homestead often consists of a farmhouse and land devoted to crops or animals. You'll find a lot more homesteads in rural areas than in cities. Often, a homestead is passed down from parents to children for generations.
WORD FAMILY
homestead: homesteaded, homesteader, homesteading, homesteads+/homesteader: homesteaders
USAGE EXAMPLES
Homestead Township will acquire ownership of the land when the sale is finalized.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Another suspect who fled the scene was stopped on the Florida Turnpike near Homestead.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Its destination is Homestead II, a pioneer colony of an overcrowded Earth.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 家宅，宅地; 农场
分布：家园(67%)，田产(15%)，农场(12%)，住在或工作在家园(6%)
→home,家，stead,农庄。
家园(home+stead[=stand]→站着的家→家园)[st,sta,stat,stan,stant,stin=stand表示"站,立"]
US ['hoʊm-] noun countable mainly US a house and the surrounding area of land usually used as a farm 农场，农庄（包括房屋及其周围田地）
■US
■in the past, land given by the government for farming （旧时政府资助的）农田
UK ['həʊm.sted] US ['hoʊm-] verb intransitive or transitive US
■in the past, to build a house and grow crops on land given by the government （旧时）经营农庄
n. 宅地；家园；田产
 - curtilage, toft

Word: husk
Front: husk
[hʌsk] (托宝 14430/21444)
Back: n. 外皮，荚，壳
分布：皮(46%)，外壳(34%)，削皮(8%)，无用之物(4%)，支架(4%)，剥壳(4%)
→来自skeu,隐藏，覆盖，词源同hide,hose.引申词义保护，谷壳，豆荚等。
noun countable
■the dry outer covering of some seeds （种子或果实的）外壳
n. [植] 皮；外壳；无价值之物
 - fur, tegument
vt. 削皮；以粗哑的嗓音说
 - pare

Word: horace

Word: illegality
Front: illegality
[ˌɪliˈgæləti] (23151/20077)
Vocabulary: illegality
(once / 13281 pages)
n
Illegality is the state of being against the rules or the law. Sometimes you have to break the law to effect change. The students knew the illegality of their actions, and that they might be arrested, but they figured it was worth it to change a bad law.
The root word of illegality is legal, which is from the Latin word legalis, which means related to or pertaining to the law. Il- means not, so illegal means "not legal," and -ity is a suffix used to make an adjective a noun meaning the "state of or condition of." So literally, illegality is the condition of being not legal. Despite the illegality, people often break the law when it comes to speed limits.
WORD FAMILY
illegality: illegalities+/ illegal: illegalise, illegality, illegalize, illegally/ illegalize: illegalized/ legal: illegal, legaler, legalise, legalism, legality, legalize, legally, nonlegal/legalise: legalisation, legalised, legalises, legalising/legalism: legalisms/ legality: legalities/legalize: legalization, legalized, legalizes, legalizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
“The stumbling block over and over again is the federal illegality,” he said.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“Their early experience of ‘illegality’ was very different” from his other research subjects, he told me.
The New Yorker(Dec 19, 2016)
“The whiff of illegality is detected only when considering the alleged content of the statements contained in the ads.”
The Guardian(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: n. 违法，不法行为
分布：违法(69%)，非法(31%)
【记】il不，leg法律－非法行为
【参】legal（adj 法律的；合法的）；legislation（n 立法）；illegal（adj 违法的）；illegitimate（adj 违法的；私生的）；legitimate（adj 合法的v 合法）
US [-ə.tˌi] noun countable or uncountable
■the state of being illegal, or an illegal action 非法，违法；非法行为，违法行为
n. 违法； [法] 非法行为；犯规
 - lawlessness, against the law

Word: idiosyncrasy
Front: idiosyncrasy
[ˌɪdiəˈsɪŋkrəsi] (托 19034/18599)
Vocabulary: idiosyncrasy
(once / 3312 pages)
n
If a person has an idiosyncrasy, he or she has a little quirk, or a funny behavior, that makes him or her different. If you only say goodbye in French, never in English, that would be an idiosyncrasy.
Idio seems like it means stupid, but really it is Latin for "one's own," as an idiosyncrasy is one's own particular, usually odd, behavior. Putting salt in your hot chocolate or needing the light on to sleep or tapping your head while you think are all idiosyncrasies. A machine such as a DVD player has an idiosyncrasy if you have to do something weird to it to make it work like having to bang it on the back left-hand side to stop it from skipping.
WORD FAMILY
idiosyncrasy: idiosyncrasies, idiosyncratic +/ idiosyncratic: idiosyncratically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Yet, while embracing those brisk qualities, they also entertain such contradictory elements as idiosyncrasy, irrationality and visual repose.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 01, 2016)
The sizes of the rooms vary, though the band’s attention to the idiosyncrasies of each probably will not.
New York Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Repetition of talking points passes for political discussion, and serious interest in issues and options is treated as the idiosyncrasy of wonks.
Nature(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: n. （某人特有的）气质，习性，癖好
分布：特质(100%)
→idio-,个人的，syn-,表加强，-crasy,混合，搅拌，词源同crater,搅拌碗，火山口。引申词义个人的脾气，性情，习性，特征。由混合引申脾性和脾气来自古代的医学观念，即人体内的各种物质的混合决定和影响人的脾气和性情，类似于中国哲学观念的人体五行金木水火土。
(人的)特性[cras=mixing(混合)]
【记】idio个人的，特有的，syn共，同时，crasy混合－混合了个人特性的独特行为－特异性格
【参】idiom（n 成语；方言；习惯用语）；idiopathy（n 疑难病症）
noun countable usually plural
■a strange or unusual habit, way of behaving or feature that someone or something has 癖好，怪癖；特征
• She often cracks her knuckles when she's speaking - it's one of her little idiosyncrasies. 她讲话时常常将指节捏得哢哢作响，这是她的一个小怪癖。
• One of the idiosyncrasies of this printer is that you can't stop it once it has started to print. 这台印表机的怪毛病之一是一旦开始列印就无法让它停下。
n. 特质；气质；风格
 - mode, attribute, style, particularity, colour

Word: hypertension
Front: hypertension
[ˌhaɪpəˈtenʃn] (宝 10410/10946 -1)
Vocabulary: hypertension
(once / 11409 pages)
n
If you've got hypertension, you've got high blood pressure, and you're likely to be on medication to bring it down to a safe level.
Hyper- is a prefix that means "over" or "beyond" — if you're hyper you're wildly energetic. Tension means "stretching" or "straining." Hypertension, therefore, means "straining beyond." With hypertension, your blood pressure is abnormally high, causing a strain on your blood vessels. This condition can result in serious health problems, such as heart attack and stroke.
WORD FAMILY
hypertension
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is estimated that hypertension is a primary or contributing cause of death of more than 400,000 Americans annually.
Salon(Dec 29, 2016)
The deaths are reported as a hypertension problem, he said, like heart attack or cardiac arrest.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Charles Mumbere, the king of Rwenzururu, is entitled to these privileges because he suffers from hypertension and diabetes, it added.
BBC(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 高血压; 过度紧张
分布：高血压(97%)，过度紧张(3%)
→hyper-,超过的，高的，tension,压力。
过度紧张;高血压(hyper+tension紧张)[hyper-表示"超过,太多"]
US [-pɚ-] noun uncountable specialized
■a medical condition in which your blood pressure is extremely high 高血压
n. [内科] 高血压；过度紧张
 - high blood pressure, overtension

Word: incurable
Front: incurable
[ɪnˈkjʊərəbl] (17200/18520 -1)
Vocabulary: incurable
(once / 1843 pages)
adjn
Something incurable can't be fixed or healed. Incurable diseases can sometimes be lived with, but they can't be cured.
An incurable crush on a movie star means there's no getting over it, and being diagnosed with an incurable illness is always bad news, because no medicine can eliminate it. Your friends might call you an incurable optimist — this means you always see the glass as half-full, and there's no changing your cheerful nature. Incurable combines the prefix in-, "not," and curable, from the Latin cura, "care or concern," and also "means of healing."
WORD FAMILY
incurable: incurability, incurableness, incurables, incurably+/ curable: curability, curableness, incurable /curative: curatively, curatives/ cure: curable, curative, cured, cures, curing/cured: uncured
USAGE EXAMPLES
The diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis—which is incurable but treatable with medication—brought a glum sense of relief.
The New Yorker(Dec 22, 2016)
Both are incurable, although there are treatments for the second state.
BBC(Dec 21, 2016)
A progressive, incurable spinal condition, diagnosed when she was 21, ravages her body and no two days are the same.
BBC(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 无法治愈的; 无法改变的; 不能矫正的
n. 医不好的病人
分布：不能医治的(56%)，无救的(11%)，不治的病人(11%)，无救的人(11%)，不能矫正的(11%)
→in-,不，非，curable,可治愈的。
【记】curable（adj 可医治的；医得好的）
US [-'kjʊr.ə-] adjective
DISEASE 疾病
■not able to be healed or cured 无法治愈的
• Parkinson's disease is a debilitating and incurable disease of the nervous system. 巴金森氏症是一种使人虚弱、无法治愈的神经系统疾病。
UK [ɪn'kjʊə.rə.bl] US [-'kjʊr.ə-] adjective
PERSONALITY 个性
[usually before noun]
■describes someone whose personality type does not change or cannot be changed （人的个性）不会改变的，无可救药的
• an incurable romantic/optimist/pessimist 无可救药的浪漫主义者／乐天派／悲观主义者
adj. 不能治愈的；无可救药的
 - uncurable, unredeemable

Word: incisive
Front: incisive
[ɪnˈsaɪsɪv] (托宝 21777/18652 -1)
Vocabulary: incisive
(once / 4100 pages)
adj
The adjective incisive describes something that is sharp, decisive, and direct. A comment that cuts right to the bone can be just as incisive as an actual knife.
The word incisive is rooted in a Latin word that literally means "to cut with a sharp edge." To help you remember the meaning, you can think of the similar word, incisors, which are the teeth that are sharp and cut and tear. The more figurative meaning of describing something that is mentally sharp first appeared in the 1850s. Keen criticism and cutting remarks have been called incisive ever since.
WORD FAMILY
incisive: incisively, incisiveness+/ incise: incised, incising, incision, incisive, incisure/ incision: incisions/incisure: incisures
USAGE EXAMPLES
Bezos’ Washington Post did some of the most incisive reporting on Trump’s hustles and campaign lies.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Portman’s performance, meanwhile, is far deeper and more incisive than mere impersonation.
The Guardian(Dec 12, 2016)
One of the city’s most incisive and wittiest rappers, Eagle’s “How to Be Super Petty to Your Ex” is basically a list.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 直接的; 尖锐的; 深刻的; 单刀直入的
分布：敏锐的(75%)，一针见血的(25%)
→来自incise,雕刻，切入。引申词义尖刻的，锐利的。
一针见血的,锐利的(incise+ive→切人的→一针见血的)[cid,cis=cut,kill,表示"切开,杀"]
一针见血的(in进入+cis切割)[-ive 1.表形容词2.表名词后缀,"人或物"]
【记】一刀就cise切进去了in。
adjective
■expressing an idea or opinion in a clear and direct way which shows good understanding of what is important 锐利的；深刻的
• incisive questions/comments 尖锐的问题／深刻的评论
adj. 深刻的；敏锐的；锋利的
 - acute, sharp, keen, cutting

Word: inaccuracy
Front: inaccuracy
[ɪn'ækjərəsɪ] (17112/14136)
Vocabulary: inaccuracy
(once / 1203 pages)
n
Inaccuracy is the quality of having errors. A travel guide to Iowa's capital, Pearis, population 413, home of the Dallas Cowboys baseball team, would be plagued by inaccuracy.
A typical book contains tens of thousands, sometimes hundreds of thousands of words (the Harry Potter series has more than a million). Every single one has to be checked to prevent inaccuracy, so publishers employ production editors, copy editors, fact checkers, and proofreaders to verify spelling, grammar, sense, logic, truth, and arithmetic. In school, "check your work" means look for — and correct — any inaccuracy.
WORD FAMILY
inaccuracy: inaccuracies+/ accuracy: accuracies, inaccuracy / accurate: accuracy, accurately, accuratest, inaccurate / inaccurate: inaccurately
USAGE EXAMPLES
When we’re being criticized by someone who wants an apology, we automatically listen for the inaccuracies, distortions and exaggerations that will inevitably be there.
Time(Dec 28, 2016)
His sloppy mechanics caused inaccuracy and inconsistency every week.
Seattle Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Quarterback Blake Bortles was mostly a mess, his sloppy mechanics causing inaccuracy every week.
The Guardian(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 不准确，误差; 不准确的说法
分布：不准确(52%)，错误(48%)
US [-jɚ.ə-] noun countable or uncountable
■when a fact or measurement is not completely correct or exact 不准确性；不精确性
• The film is full of historical inaccuracies. 这部影片中许多地方与历史不符。
• The inaccuracy of the missiles greatly diminishes their effectiveness. 这些导弹的不精确性大大减弱了其效果。
n. 错误；不精确
 - error, mistake, fault

Word: impostor
Front: impostor
[ɪm'pɒstə(r)] (宝 21752/34697)
Back: n. 冒名顶替者，骗子
分布：骗子(76%)，冒充者(24%)
→词源同imposture,冒名行骗。
【记】im进入，post放，or表示人－把自己放入别人的角色的人－冒名顶替者，骗子
US [-'pɑ:.stɚ] noun countable
■a person who pretends to be someone else in order to deceive others 冒名顶替者
• He felt like an impostor among all those intelligent people, as if he had no right to be there. 他感觉自己在所有那些聪明人中间像个冒牌货——好像自己无权留在那里。
n. 骗子；冒充者
 - fraud, sharp

Word: isaiah
Front: isaiah
[aiˈzaiə] (-/16670)
Back: n. 以赛亚书男人名，希伯来的大预言家
分布：名词(100%)

Word: infrequent
Front: infrequent
[ɪnˈfri:kwənt] (14702/11244 -1)
Vocabulary: infrequent
(once / 1435 pages)
adj
Something that's infrequent doesn't happen very often. Your family might take infrequent trips to Disney World, traveling there every two or three years.
Things that are infrequent are rare or uncommon. You'd probably be glad to have infrequent run-ins with mean dogs or ugly insects, but disappointed to get infrequent phone calls from your best friend. The adjective infrequent comes from the prefix in, which here means "not," and frequent, or "often," which is rooted in the Latin word frequentem, "crowded or repeated."
WORD FAMILY
infrequent: infrequency, infrequenter, infrequently+/frequence: frequences/ frequency: frequencies/ frequent: frequence, frequency, frequentative, frequented, frequenter, frequenting, frequently, frequents, infrequent /frequentative: frequentatives/frequented: unfrequented/frequenter: frequenters/unfrequented: unfrequentedest, unfrequentedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the second experiment, people were asked to count the instances of an infrequent 2-kilohertz tone amid a series of 1-kilohertz tones.
Time(Dec 05, 2016)
The mentions are infrequent, but they give some clue as to how he views the Asian nations.
New York Times(Nov 30, 2016)
But Trump’s decision to have infrequent briefings could raise eyebrows.
Seattle Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 稀少的; 罕见的
分布：不频发的(55%)，不常见的(45%)
→in-,不，非，frequent,频繁的。
adjective
■not happening very often 很少发生的，罕见的
• His letters became infrequent, then stopped completely. 他的信来得少了，之后干脆彻底不来了。
adj. 罕见的；稀少的；珍贵的；不频发的
 - precious, golden

Word: jubilation
Front: jubilation
[ˌdʒu:bɪˈleɪʃn] (宝 22602/20960)
Vocabulary: jubilation
(once / 7383 pages)
n
Jubilation is a happy word. Where there is jubilation, there are laughter, smiles, laughs, joy, and gladness.
Few things in life are as good as jubilation — this is a word for a lot of happiness and celebration. You can find jubilation at parties, and it often breaks out on holidays. When you get good news, you might feel jubilation. When people say "Yes! or "Woo-hoo!," they are expressing jubilation and are jubilant.
WORD FAMILY
jubilation: jubilations+/ jubilate: jubilance, jubilated, jubilates, jubilating, jubilation / jubilee: jubilate, jubilees
USAGE EXAMPLES
Carsten Kammlott celebrates in jubilation, astounded at what he’s just done, after impeccably meeting a cross from the right flank.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Indeed, there was great jubilation and celebration in the operating room in 1953 when it was announced that he was named “Athlete of the Year.”
Washington Post(Dec 14, 2016)
And, on Aug. 6, 2016, she did just that: On the stage where stars shine, Hensley wowed the crowd, jubilation beaming across her face.
Washington Times(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: n. 欢腾，欢庆，庆祝活动
分布：庆祝(45%)，欢腾(43%)，喜悦(12%)
欢庆,欢腾[jubil=shout of joy(欢呼)]
noun uncountable
■a feeling of great happiness, especially because of a success （尤指因成功而）欢欣鼓舞，欢腾
• There was jubilation in the crowd as the winning goal was scored. 球队攻入致胜一球时，人群一片欢腾。
n. 喜欢；庆祝；欢呼
 - festival, fond of, celebration, applause

Word: irishman

Word: karma
Front: karma
[ˈkɑ:mə] (17916/34835 -1)
Vocabulary: karma
(once / 5904 pages)
n
The Hindu and Buddhist concept karma is what will happen to you in your next life based on what you do in this life. Performing kind acts in this life gives you good karma for your next life.
To understand karma, it’s important to understand that in Hinduism and Buddhism, practitioners believe in reincarnation. Reincarnation is the idea that after you die, you are reborn into a new body and a new life. How good or bad that new life is depends on the karma you’ve accumulated in your previous lives. By this line of thinking, performing good acts in this life means that in your next life you might be born the princess of a tropical paradise.
WORD FAMILY
karma: karmas
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Call it chi, call it karma, hozho is how we understand our way in this world,” Martin said.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“On the one side, people are very familiar with Hindu concepts like karma or reincarnation” and practices like yoga, she said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
He doesn’t drink coffee, which was quite the reveal, but by that point in the evening, he’d built up enough good karma.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. <宗>（佛教和印度教的）业; 因果报应，因缘
分布：因果报应(53%)，命运(33%)，缘分(11%)，镍铬系精密级电阻材料(3%)
→来自梵语karma,行为，命运，来自kwer,做，履行，词源同ceremony,Sanskrit.在佛教用语指一个人今生所做的善事或恶行将决定他来生的命运，引申词义业，因果报应。
US ['kɑ:r-] noun uncountable
■(in the Buddhist and Hindu religions) the force produced by a person's actions in one of their lives which influences what happens to them in their future lives 羯磨，业，业障（佛教和印度教用语，认为人的行为发生后将引起来世的善恶报应）
UK ['kɑ:.mə] US ['kɑ:r-] noun uncountable
good/bad karma informal
■the good or bad general character or feeling among a group of people or in a place 风土人情（特定人群或特定地区人的性格以及他们的想法）
• In the early Sixties hippies arrived, attracted by the island's 'good karma' and physical beauty. 60年代初期嬉皮士来了，他们被岛国“美好的风土人情”和自然之美所吸引。
n. 因果报应，因缘
 - comeuppance, What goes around comes around.

Word: kingpin
Front: kingpin
[ˈkɪŋpɪn] (19852/39689)
Vocabulary: kingpin
(once / 19667 pages)
1n 2n
A kingpin, also called a "center pin" or a "five pin," is the pin at the very center in bowling. From the bowling pin definition of kingpin, we get its other common meaning: someone who is important. If you are the kingpin in your office, you are probably the boss.
The kingpin is the bigwig or the very most important, authoritative, or essential person in a group. The kingpins of the music business are often the owners of record labels rather than the actual musicians, and the kingpin of your bowling team is the person who bowls a strike every single time. In machines, an important vertical bolt can also be called a kingpin. In other words, there is a good reason that king is the most important part of kingpin.
WORD FAMILY
kingpin: kingpins
USAGE EXAMPLES
Their tactics included kidnapping the mother of a gang kingpin.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 17, 2016)
The national kingpin strategy, however, fell short in one important respect: Drug trafficking continued to flourish.
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Also of note: “Legends & Lies: The Patriots” — a historical series produced by prime time kingpin Bill O’Reilly — features “Forgotten Heroes” at 8 p.m. on Sunday.
Washington Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 中央木柱，主脑人物
分布：中心人物(75%)，中心立轴(25%)
→king,关键，pin,插销，轴。比喻用法。
noun countable
■the most important person within a particular organization （组织中的）主要人物，领袖
n. [机] 中心立轴；主要人物
 - main character, whole show

Word: kink
Front: kink
[kɪŋk] (17053/20676)
Vocabulary: kink
(once / 4208 pages)
1nv 2n 3n 4n
A kink is a bend or a twist in an otherwise straight line, like a kink in a garden hose that blocks water from flowing freely.
When something kinks, it bends to form a kink or curl — if your hair kinks in the rain, it gets tightly curly. You can also have a kink in your neck, a tight muscle that cramps painfully. Yet another kind of kink is a problem, complication, or weakness in a plan: "The major kink in her plan turned out to be that no one was interested in buying hand-knitted cat sweaters."
WORD FAMILY
kink: kinked, kinking, kinks, kinky +/ kinky: kinkier, kinkiest, kinkily
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Like not being able to understand anything I read by Deleuze, or why I don’t like a particular guitar solo on a particular Kinks song.”
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
In the 1960s it sold the Davies brothers Ray and Dave – of the Kinks – who lived nearby, their first guitars.
The Guardian(Dec 06, 2016)
The Sooners clearly are still working out the kinks with their three new starters.
Washington Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. （绳、头发等的纽）结，（道路等的）弯曲，肌肉抽筋
v. （使）纠结，（使）纽绞
时态：kinked, kinking, kinks
分布：纽结(34%)，绞缠(23%)，奇想(17%)，打结(12%)，缺陷(6%)，怪癖(4%)，抽筋(4%)
→来自瑞典语kink,绳结，来自Proto-Germanic*kenk,弯，转，来自gengh,弯，转，编织，词源同hook,cinch,precinct.引申词义变态，怪癖，不正常。比较straight,bent.
noun countable
TWIST 扭结；打结
■an unwanted twist or bend in a wire, rope, pipe, etc. that is usually straight （绳线、管道等直线物体上的）扭结，打结，绞缠，弯
• There must be a kink in the pipe. 管道里肯定有甚么地方扭结了。
■US
■a sore muscle, especially in the neck or back （尤指颈、背部的）肌肉抽筋，痛性痉挛
[kɪŋk] noun countable
PROBLEM 问题
■something that is wrong 缺陷
• Pete still needs to iron out a few kinks in his game. 皮特在比赛中有几个毛病仍需改正。
[kɪŋk] noun countable
HABIT 癖好
■a strange habit 怪癖
n. 扭结；奇想；蜷缩
 - whim, vagary

Word: loner
Front: loner
[ˈləʊnə(r)] (14748/18545 -1)
Vocabulary: loner
(once / 16531 pages)
n
A loner is someone who prefers being alone to spending time with other people. If you're a loner, you'd rather take a walk in the woods by yourself than go to a party.
An extreme kind of loner is a hermit, a person who lives far from society, completely alone, and doesn't interact with anyone. Other loners are simply introverts, people who often need a break from socializing and enjoy spending time on their own. Loner seems to have appeared in the 1940s, originally in "Life" magazine's description of baseball player Ted Williams as "something of a loner (who) refuses to pal around with his teammates."
WORD FAMILY
loner: loners
USAGE EXAMPLES
He found it hard to delegate, and was something of a loner.
BBC(Dec 08, 2016)
Diagnosed with Asperger’s syndrome, a milder form of autism, Krupa said she was a loner in high school, antisocial and awkward.
Seattle Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Inscrutable Merkel, who grew up in Communist East Germany, is something of a loner.
Reuters(Nov 19, 2016)
Back: n. 喜孤独者，不合群者
分布：孤独的人(82%)，不合群的人或动物(18%)
【记】lone（adj 孤独的），er人
US ['loʊ.nɚ] noun countable
■a person who likes to do things on their own without other people 孤僻的人，不合群的人
• He was always a bit of a loner at school. 他在学校的时候一直都有些孤僻。
n. 孤独的人；不合群的动物
 - hatter

Word: microbial
Front: microbial
[maɪ'krəʊbɪəl] (12867/28019)
Back: adj. 微生物的，由细菌引起的
分布：微生物的(87%)，由细菌引起的(13%)

Word: manchuria
Front: manchuria
[mænˈtʃuəriə] (-/27979)
Back: n. 满洲（我国东北的旧称）
分布：名词(100%)

Word: mol
Front: mol
[məʊl] (31560/30691)
Back: n. 摩尔，克分子
分布：名词(100%)
n. 摩尔； [化学] 克分子（等于mole）
 - Moore

Word: neurosis
Front: neurosis
[njʊəˈrəʊsɪs] (雅宝 20266/15706 -1)
Vocabulary: neurosis
(once / 2978 pages)
n
If you feel overly anxious and worried, that is a sign of neurosis: a mental illness with no particular cause.
Depression, tension, irritability, and nervousness are all symptoms of a mental or emotional disorder called neurosis. When you have a neurosis, you worry so much that it makes life difficult. The difficult thing about neurosis is there’s not something specifically wrong, like with a broken leg or type of cancer. Neurosis is a mental-health issue that can be minor or very serious. It's also very common, and many comedians have made fun of their own neurosis in their work.
WORD FAMILY
neurosis: neuroses, neurotic +/ neurotic: neurotically, neuroticism, neurotics, unneurotic/neuroticism: neuroticisms
USAGE EXAMPLES
As it chronicles Anna’s through line from neurosis to psychosis, it implies that, in times such as these, maybe the girl can’t help it.
New York Times(Nov 24, 2016)
When perhaps the real neurosis is our desire for monuments of any kind.
The New Yorker(Nov 12, 2016)
On stage, he turns into the character by smearing black make-up over his face and neck - representing the suffocating effect of his neuroses.
BBC(Nov 09, 2016)
Back: n. <医>神经机能病，神经衰弱症
分布：神经症(85%)，神经衰弱症(15%)
→neuro-,神经，-osis,疾病症状。
US [nʊr'oʊ-] (plural neuroses)
noun countable or uncountable
■a mental illness resulting in high levels of anxiety , unreasonable fears and behaviour and, often, a need to repeat actions unnecessarily 神经官能症，神经症
• If you want my opinion, I think she's suffering from some form of neurosis. 如果你想听听我的意见，我认为她患有某种神经官能症。
• She's obsessively clean - it's almost become a neurosis with her. 她有洁癖——几乎到了神经过敏的程度。

Word: moulder
Front: moulder
['məʊldə(r)] (-/36478)
Back: vi. <美>腐朽; 腐烂，崩塌
时态：mouldered, mouldering, moulders
分布：腐朽(80%)，崩碎(20%)
→来自mold的英式拼写形式。
US ['moʊl.dɚ] verb intransitive
■to decay slowly; to rot 腐烂
• I found these apples mouldering in the cupboard. 我发现放在碗橱里的这些苹果烂了。
■to be left somewhere and not used or cared for 废弃
• There's an old bike that's been mouldering away in the shed for years. 车棚里有辆废弃多年的旧脚踏车。
vi. 腐朽；衰退
 - fail, flag
vt. 使腐朽；使衰退
 - decay
n. 制模工，铸工
 - diemaker, diesinker

Word: orang
Front: orang
[əʊ'ræŋ] (45711/31525)
Back: n. 猩猩
分布：=orangutan.(100%)

Word: nightmarish
Front: nightmarish
['naɪtˌmeərɪʃ] (18373/21376)
Vocabulary: nightmarish
(once / 16191 pages)
adj
Something nightmarish is truly horrifying, something that would show up in a bad dream. Your nightmarish day might start with a car accident on the way to school and end with a fight with your best friend.
A chilling scream in the middle of the night is nightmarish, and traumatic experiences like an episode of bullying or nearly stumbling off the top of a cliff would also be nightmarish. You can also use this adjective to emphasize the unpleasantness of an experience in a slightly exaggerated way: "Ugh, that math test was absolutely nightmarish." Nightmarish things resemble nightmares, or terrifying dreams.
WORD FAMILY
nightmarish: nightmarishly+/ nightmare: nightmares, nightmarish
USAGE EXAMPLES
This was more a story of resilience, of surviving a nightmarish third quarter and finding some kind of resolve in the closing minutes.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Yet even as one disappears, dozens of others may pop up, like a nightmarish game of Whac-a-Mole.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Some areas of L.A. saw more than two inches of rain last week, which contributed to nightmarish conditions at Los Angeles International Airport.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 恶梦似的，不愉快的
分布：可怕的(57%)，恶梦似的(43%)
ADJ-GRADED
梦魇般的;令人毛骨悚然的;令人不愉快的
If you describe something as nightmarish, you mean that it is extremely frightening and unpleasant.
例：She described a nightmarish scene of dead bodies lying in the streets.她描述了尸横街头、令人毛骨悚然的一幕。
adj. 可怕的；恶梦似的；不愉快的
 - terrible, horrible, awesome, fearful, dire

Word: obstreperous
Front: obstreperous
[əbˈstrepərəs] (宝 32642/40494)
Vocabulary: obstreperous
(once / 9285 pages)
adj
Obstreperous means boisterous, noisy, aggressive, defiant. You’ve probably seen an obstreperous child in the grocery store, pulling away from her mother, screaming at the top of her lungs.
If you’ve been to a large concert where the band doesn't come on stage for hours, you might have been part of an obstreperous crowd: increasingly impatient, with fights breaking out, things thrown up onto the stage, and demands being shouted, "Give us some music before the night is out!" Some people are kind and gentle with strangers, but around their own family turn obstreperous, shouting "You never loved me!" at their mom when she gives them the smaller of two cookies.
WORD FAMILY
obstreperous: obstreperously, obstreperousness+/obstreperousness: obstreperousnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
From its obstreperous title to its ever-changing nature, the piece resists easy marketing and branding.
New York Times(Nov 18, 2016)
He’s convincingly ambivalent and obstreperous as the womanizing ex-astronaut who eventually reveals a core of tenderness, but once again, flickering movie shadows loom.
New York Times(Nov 17, 2016)
Mostly it’s the usual teenage sniping — Cole is particularly obstreperous — but also some bonding.
New York Times(Oct 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 喧嚣的，喧闹的; 不服约束的
分布：喧嚣的(50%)，吵闹的(30%)，难管束的(20%)
→ob-,相对，对着的，-strep,打鼾声，发出噪音，拟声词。引申词义对吵的，吵闹的，后用于指任性的，难以管驭的。
【记】该词看上去就非常乱－吵闹的；任性的
【反】disciplined（n 受过训练的；遵守纪律的）
US [ɑ:b'strep.ɚ.əs] formal
adjective
■too eager to have an argument; difficult to deal with and noisy 爱吵嚷的；喧闹的；吵闹不服管束的；难驾驭的
• obstreperous customers 吵吵嚷嚷的顾客
adj. 吵闹的，喧嚣的；难驾驭的
 - rip-roaring, tumultuous

Word: newsprint
Front: newsprint
[ˈnju:zprɪnt] (16698/19705)
Vocabulary: newsprint
(once / 13744 pages)
n
Newsprint is the inexpensive paper that's used to print newspapers and ads. Magazines tend to be printed on glossy, high-quality paper, while newspapers are printed on the thin and messy newsprint.
Because it's cheap, very strong, and makes a good background for the four-color printing that newspapers typically use, newsprint is the most popular kind of paper for this kind of printing. Newsprint was invented in the mid-1800s, from wood pulp. It comes on rolls that unspool into a printing press. Despite the decline in Western printed newspapers, demand for newsprint continues to grow in much of Asia, especially China.
WORD FAMILY
newsprint
USAGE EXAMPLES
He muzzled the independent media by stripping critical TV stations of their broadcast licenses and withheld newsprint from independent newspapers.
Wall Street Journal(Oct 21, 2016)
An inside source spoke of the move as “an economy measure to see whether the newsprint issue is able to wash its face.”
The Guardian(Oct 11, 2016)
The Times tried to cloak its news with a veneer of respectability, but the sounds of the street could still be heard through the newsprint.
The New Yorker(Oct 01, 2016)
Back: n. 新闻纸; 白报纸; （印刷报纸的）油墨; 报刊文章
分布：新闻用纸(70%)，油墨(18%)，报刊文章(12%)
→news,新闻，print,打印。
US ['nu:z-] noun uncountable
■cheap, low quality paper that newspapers are printed on 新闻纸，白报纸

Word: playback
Front: playback
[ˈpleɪbæk] (18176/17365)
Back: n. 录音重放，录音重放装置，重放
分布：回放(99%)，重放装置(1%)
noun countable or uncountable
■when you play a recording again in order to hear or see something again （录音、录影的）重放，重播
• Let's have a playback of those last few frames. 我们把最后那几个画面重放一遍吧。
⇒ See also replay
n. [电视] [广播] 重放；录音重放装置
 - replaying

Word: portability
Front: portability
[ˌpɔ:tə'bɪlətɪ] (20204/24533)
Back: n. 可携带，轻便
分布：可移植性(82%)，轻便(15%)，可携带(3%)
n. [计] 可移植性；轻便；可携带性
 - transportability, handiness

Word: overpower
Front: overpower
[ˌəʊvəˈpaʊə(r)] (12285/13782 -1)
Vocabulary: overpower
(once / 632 pages)
v
To overpower is to overcome with greater strength. In order to win an arm-wrestling match, you must overpower your opponent.
The word overpower is often used in situations where great force is used or required against some person or thing. One army might overpower another, or a mugger might overpower his victim. But delicate things, like the scent of a perfume, can also overpower you, especially if they're too strong. Our emotions can also overpower us: we cheer after a home run and swoon when it's love at first sight.
WORD FAMILY
overpower: overpowered, overpowering, overpowers+/overpowering: overpoweringly/ power: overpower, powered, powerful, powering, powerless, powers, superpower /powered: unpowered/ powerful: powerfulest, powerfully, powerfulness/powerless: powerlessly, powerlessness/ superpower: superpowers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr Chandran said an "overpowering smell" first caught his attention.
BBC(Jan 03, 2017)
Some worry that sponsors are overpowering the refugees with the force of their enthusiasm.
New York Times(Jun 30, 2016)
The man fired around eight shots in the air before embassy security guards apparently overpowered him, Anadolu said.
Time(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: vt. 制服; 压倒; 使无法忍受
时态：overpowered, overpowering, overpowers
分布：压倒(50%)，制服(33%)，打败(9%)，使深深感动(4%)，给...提供过大的发动机(4%)
→over-,在上，超过，power,能量，威力。引申词义征服，压倒。
US [ˌoʊ.vɚ'paʊɚ] verb transitive
■to defeat someone by having greater strength or power （以力气或权力）制服，压倒，征服
• The gunman was finally overpowered by three security guards. 持枪歹徒最终被3名保安制服。
■If a smell or feeling overpowers you, it is so strong that it makes you feel weak or ill （味道或感情）压倒，使无法忍受
• The smell of gas/ heat overpowered me as I went into the house. 我进屋的时候，一股煤气味／热气向我袭来。
vt. 压倒；克服；使无法忍受
 - snow under, outbrave

Word: ouster
Front: ouster
[ˈaʊstə(r)] (17107/48157)
Vocabulary: ouster
(once / 8437 pages)
n
Use the noun ouster to talk about the process of forcing someone out of a position. If your city's mayor is pressured to leave office, you can describe it as her ouster.
When someone is dismissed or strongly influenced to abandon a position or quit a job, it's an ouster. A politician is often vulnerable to an ouster, when others are vying for her position, but your boss at work could also be subject to an ouster if his managers conspired to eliminate his job and force him out. Ouster once meant "kick out of one's house or property," from the Old French word oster, "take away, evict, or dispel."
WORD FAMILY
ouster: ousters+/ oust: ousted, ouster, ousting, ousts/ousting: oustings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The hostility of GOP congressmen to Adams eventually led to his ouster.
Salon(Dec 18, 2016)
It is now up to South Korea’s Constitutional Court to decide whether the charges against President Park Geun-hye, above, merit her ouster.
New York Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Hours later, massive crowds rally in Seoul calling for Park’s ouster in what might be the biggest protest in the country’s history.
Seattle Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 罢免，废黜，革职
分布：驱逐(88%)，〈律〉剥夺(6%)，剥夺者(6%)
→来自oust,剥夺，罢免，-er,名词后缀。
US [-stɚ] US
noun countable or uncountable
■the removal of someone from an important position or job 废黜；革职；罢免
• The committee's chairperson is facing a possible ouster. 委员会的主席面临可能被革职的命运。
n. 驱逐；剥夺；罢黜
 - expulsion, dispossession

Word: positron
Front: positron
[ˈpɒzɪtrɒn] (22917/44376)
Back: n. 正电子; 阳电子
分布：正电子(100%)
→缩写自positive electron.
US ['pɑ:.zɪ.trɑ:n] specialized
noun countable
■an extremely small piece of matter with a positive electrical charge, having the same mass as an electron 正电子，阳电子
n. [物] 正电子，阳电子
 - antielectron

Word: potassium
Front: potassium
[pəˈtæsiəm] (托 12184/10661 -1)
Back: n. <化>钾
分布：钾(100%)
→来自potash,钾碱，-um,化学元素。
noun uncountable
■a silvery-white element which, when combined with other elements, is used in the production of soap, glass and fertilizers (= substances which help plants to grow) 钾
n. [化学] 钾
 - kalium

Word: prefect
Front: prefect
[ˈpri:fekt] (28765/19847 -1)
Vocabulary: prefect
(once / 1387 pages)
n
A prefect is a chief officer or magistrate, originally in ancient Rome.
Like a mayor or governor, a prefect is someone powerful: a chief officer or chief magistrate. In ancient Rome, a prefect was not only in charge of a city or province but of the military too, just as the United States President is the military commander-in-chief too. The term prefect is a little old-fashioned, but there are still prefects around today.
WORD FAMILY
prefect: prefects
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Paris prefect, Michel Cadot, said the ban would be extended to a third day if air quality did not improve.
The Guardian(Dec 07, 2016)
The perennial American myth: that somebody will be the prefect President.
New York Times(Nov 26, 2016)
Prefects nationwide have been looking for space — empty hotels, disused barracks — and communities have been mounting increasing resistance.
Seattle Times(Nov 16, 2016)
Back: n. 地方行政长官; 警察局长; 教务长，院长
分布：长官(58%)，地方首长(18%)，提督(12%)，学生长(12%)
→pre-,在前，早于，-fect,做，履行，词源同fact,effect.即先行者，引申诸相关词义。
noun countable
OFFICIAL 官员
■(in some countries) a very important official in the government or the police （某些国家的）地方行政长官，警察局长
• He has been appointed Prefect of Bologna. 他被任命为博洛尼亚地方行政长官。
['pri:.fekt] noun countable
STUDENT 学生 UK and Australian English (in some British and Australian schools) an older student who is given some authority and helps to control the younger students （英国和澳大利亚某些学校中的）学长
n. 长官，地方行政长官；级长
 - superior, praefect

Word: posthumous
Front: posthumous
[ˈpɒstjʊməs] (托雅 19140/18886 -1)
Vocabulary: posthumous
(once / 2740 pages)
adj
If something happens after someone dies, it is described as posthumous — like the posthumous interest in the music of a singer who died "a nobody."
The adjective posthumous comes from Latin — post means "after" and humare, "to bury." (You might also think of humus, which means "dirt" or "earth.") So something that is posthumous happens after a person is dead, like the posthumous discovery that your humble neighbor who lived very modestly was actually a multi-millionaire, or the posthumous publication of a book that the writer finished just before she died.
WORD FAMILY
posthumous: posthumously +/humous: posthumous
USAGE EXAMPLES
The intertwining of madness and genius remains an essential part of his posthumous legend, and Lowell himself saw the two as related.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Mr. Shikler rose to fame when he was commissioned to create a posthumous portrait of President Kennedy.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
On Friday, after chief suspect Anis Amri was killed in a Milan shootout, Telegram broadcast his posthumous video.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 死后的; 遗腹的，死后出生的; 作者死后出版的
分布：死后的(63%)，遗腹的(23%)，死后出版的(14%)
→来自拉丁语postumus,最后生的，老幺，来自post,在后，-um,最高级后缀，词源同maximum,minimum.后词义和拼写同时受humere（埋葬，入土，词源同humus）影响而俗化。
死死的,遗腹的(post后+hum土,引申为死+ous→死后的)[hum=earth,表示"土,地"]
US ['pɑ:s.tʃə-] formal
adjective
■happening after a person's death 死后发生的
• a posthumous award 死后荣膺的嘉奖

Word: profane
Front: profane
[prəˈfeɪn] (托雅宝 17638/21926)
Vocabulary: profane
(once / 535 pages)
adjv
Profane language is the kind that gets bleeped on TV. The word profane can also describe behavior that's deeply offensive because it shows a lack of respect, especially for someone's religious beliefs.
The Latin root profanus means "unholy," and that's where it all started. If you take the Lord's name in vain, you've profaned Him and probably made your religious mom pretty angry too. Don't even try the profane curse words so vital to a truly great hip-hop track but perhaps not recommended for dinner with Grandma.
WORD FAMILY
profane: profanation, profanatory, profaned, profanely, profaneness, profaner, profanes, profanest, profaning, profanity +/profanation: profanations/ profanity: profanities
USAGE EXAMPLES
But it wasn’t the bad calls that led to a profane rant by Durant after practice on Tuesday.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
They also said that drunken bar patrons are stumbling around homes, using profane language and getting into fights.
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Before the game, he was fined by the Kings for his profane tirade toward a reporter after a game last week.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 不敬（神）的; 渎神的; 亵渎的; 世俗的
vt. 不敬；亵渎，玷污
n. 未受秘传的人
时态：profaned, profaning, profanes
分布：亵渎(37%)，世俗的(30%)，亵渎的(20%)，玷污(10%)，不敬神的(3%)
→来自拉丁语profanus,世俗的，不敬神的，来自pro,在前面，fano,庙宇，神庙，词源同festival,theist.字面意思即在庙前面的，引申词义过庙不拜的人或不允许进庙的人。后用于动词词义亵渎神灵，亵渎等。
【记】pro前，fane（n 神庙）－在神庙前做坏事－亵渎pro前，fan犯，e：在神的面前犯错误－亵渎
【反】revere（v 尊敬）；treat reverently（虔诚的对待）；inviolable（adj 神圣的）；profaned－unviolated（adj 未被违反的）
[prə'feɪn] formal
adjective
AGAINST RELIGION 反对宗教
■showing no respect for a god or a religion, often through language 亵渎的，渎神的
• profane language 亵渎的语言
• Funny, profane and fearless, she has become one of America's biggest television celebrities. 她因滑稽、不敬神明和无所顾忌成为美国最出名的电视名人之一。
[prə'feɪn] formal
adjective
NOT SPIRITUAL 非精神的
■not connected with religion or spiritual matters; secular 非宗教的，世俗的
• sacred and profane art 宗教艺术和世俗艺术
adj. 亵渎的；世俗的；异教的
 - lay, mundane
vt. 亵渎；玷污
 - cloud, unhallow

Word: quark
Front: quark
[kwɑ:k] (17708/28993 -1)
Vocabulary: quark
(once / 39663 pages)
1n 2n
A quark is an elementary particle with an electric charge. When quarks combine, they form another type of particle called a "hadron." If you want to learn more, take up particle physics.
Quarks are held together by what physicists call "the strong force" or "the strong nuclear force." The most stable of these quark combinations, or hadrons, are protons and neutrons — the basic building blocks of atoms. In the 1960s, a physicist named Murray Gell-Mann named these particles from a favorite made-up word in James Joyce's book "Finnegan's Wake," quark. Gell-Mann's partner reportedly preferred the word ace.
WORD FAMILY
quark: antiquark, quarks
USAGE EXAMPLES
In 1908, none of the following terms had even been invented: big bang, black hole, antimatter, quark, laser, neutron star, or quantum mechanics.
Science Magazine(Oct 26, 2016)
With its bona fides established, the Eightfold Way led to quarks, gluons and ultimately the Standard Model, a chart with its own holes to fill.
New York Times(Oct 17, 2016)
The theory suggests that fundamental particles called quarks have a hidden axial symmetry.
Nature(Sep 27, 2016)
Back: n. 夸克（构成原子的最小粒子）
分布：名词(100%)
→夸克是一种基本粒子，为构成物质的基本单元。两个上夸克和一个下夸克组成一个质子，两个下夸克和一个上夸克组成一个中子。quark原为一种喜欢上上下下蹦跳的海鸟，为拟声构词，模仿这种海鸟的叫声。发现该物理粒子的美国科学家Murray Gell-Mann希望为其取一个朗朗上口的名字，避免落入俗套（科学界流行从希腊和拉丁语中找词来命名科学术语）。后来在一本小说的打油诗中找到一名”Three quarks for Muster Mark”,向麦克老人三呼夸克。这个词听起来既有穿透力，又较好的契合了这种物质的基本属性，因此以此命名。
US [kwɑ:rk] specialized
noun countable
■in physics, one of the most basic forms of matter that make up the heavier elementary particles 夸克
• Atoms are made up of smaller particles - protons, neutrons and electrons - some of which are made up of even smaller ones, called quarks. 原子是由更小的粒子——质子、中子和电子所组成的，其中有些粒子是由更小称为夸克的粒子所构成的。

Word: proficient
Front: proficient
[prəˈfɪʃnt] (六托宝 12137/18607)
Vocabulary: proficient
(once / 1749 pages)
adj
When someone has become good at something, they are proficient. After all those hours playing video games, you must be very proficient at them.
Proficient comes from the Latin for making progress, so if someone is proficient, they have made so much progress that they've become good at something. Use proficient to talk about improvement through practice instead of natural ability; even a person with no inherent skill at language can become proficient in Latin. If you're proficient at tennis, you're good, but it doesn't imply the kind of mastery for which the expert is used.
WORD FAMILY
proficient: proficiency, proficiently+/ proficiency: proficiencies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Intel focuses on central processing units, the general-purpose chips proficient in completing a wide range of tasks and quickly switching from one to the next.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The Wolfgang Puck in charge here is the proficient overseer of high-end hotel amenities, not the chef who crossed boundaries and defined an earlier era.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Clinton’s behemoth of an operation was by far more technically proficient, but ultimately suffered because of the candidate.
Time(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: adj. 精通的，熟练的
n. 能手，老手，专家
分布：熟练的(58%)，精通的(28%)，能手(14%)
→pro-,向前，-fic,做，词源同efficacy,fact.引申词义熟练的。
精通的;熟练的(pro+fici做+ent→做在[别人]前面→精通)[pro-①表示"向前,在前"②表示"很多…"③表示"赞同,亲..."]
精通的,熟练的(pro前+fic+ient→以前做过→熟练的)[fac,fact,fect,fic,fig=make,do,表示"做,制作"]
【记】源于：profit（n 利润），由于profit的驱使，才有了proficient
【区】sufficient（adj 足够的）；deficient（adj 缺乏的）
【反】inept（adj 不适当的；无能的）；incompetent（adj 不合格的）
adjective
■skilled and experienced 熟练的；精通的
• a proficient swimmer 游泳好手
• She's proficient in two languages. 她精通两种语言。
• It takes a couple of years of regular driving before you become proficient at it. 你得开上几年车才能熟练自如。
expert, skilled, skillful, proficient
这组词都有“熟练的”的意思，其区别是：
expert: 特指有某项专长，有某方面经验。
skilled: 通常指已掌握某行业的专业技能或手段，或已有从事某一专门工作的本领或技术。
skillful: 指在工作或操作中表现出灵巧、熟练。
proficient: 多指擅长于某事，侧重技艺或科学方面。
adj. 熟练的，精通的
 - experienced, skilled, accomplished, perfect, clever
n. 精通；专家，能手
 - expert, specialist

Word: receptionist
Front: receptionist
[rɪˈsepʃənɪst] (高托雅 10281/8900 -1)
Vocabulary: receptionist
(once / 18526 pages)
n
If you work as a receptionist in an office, you'll greet visitors and answer the phone. The receptionist in a dentist's office is usually the person to schedule your next appointment.
Most offices have a receptionist, a type of secretary who's typically the first person you see when you walk into the room. Hotels often describe this person as a "desk clerk," but this is essentially a receptionist who books reservations and hands you your room key when you check in. The word receptionist dates from about 1900, when the earliest receptionists were hired to work in photography studios.
WORD FAMILY
receptionist: receptionists+/ receive: receivable, received, receiver, receives, receiving, reception, receptive, receptor, recipient /receiver: receivers, receivership/receivership: receiverships/ reception: receptionist, receptions/ receptive: receptively, receptiveness, receptivity, unreceptive/ receptivity: receptivities/receptor: receptors/ recipient: recipients
USAGE EXAMPLES
Angelina Izzo, who works as a receptionist at a health care center next to the estate, said the mansion was “very quiet.”
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The receptionist told me to call reservations back.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Then one day, while waiting for a medical appointment, William heard the receptionist call his name.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 接待员
分布：接待员(98%)，接线生(2%)
→来自 reception,接待，-ist,人。
noun countable
■a person who works in a place such as a hotel, office or hospital, who welcomes and helps visitors and answers the telephone 接待员；招待员
n. 接待员；传达员
 - greeter, dest clerk

Word: reminisce
Front: reminisce
[ˌremɪˈnɪs] (宝 13731/18627 -1)
Vocabulary: reminisce
(once / 564 pages)
v
Reminisce is a dreamy way of saying "remember the past." If you're swapping old stories with friends and remembering all the silly things you used to do, then you're reminiscing.
Reminiscing is all about happy recollections and thinking back to stories from the past. It's hard to reminisce about the old days with someone you don't know very well or haven't known very long, since a key part of reminiscing is a shared history. But just about anyone can reminisce about going elementary school, learning to tie shoelaces, or getting that first job.
WORD FAMILY
reminisce: reminisced, reminiscence, reminiscent, reminisces, reminiscing+/ reminiscence: reminiscences/ reminiscent: reminiscently
USAGE EXAMPLES
Whitehill, the engineering contractor, reminisced about the time the State Department paid him to fix the compound’s sea wall several years ago.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Project Runway Designers from the reality competition’s recently concluded 15th cycle reunite to reminisce in this new episode. 8 p.m.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back at the historical society in Caroline County, Wayne Brooks is reminiscing about the past.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: vi. & vt. 追忆
时态：reminisced, reminiscing, reminisces
分布：缅怀(50%)，追忆(50%)
→re-,再，重新，-min,思考，记忆，词源同 mind,mention.-esce,表起始。引申词义回忆，缅怀。
【记】remin＝remind（v 使想起），isce－回忆
【参】reminiscence（n 回想；记忆力）；reminder（n 提醒的人；暗示）
[ˌrem.ɪ'nɪs] formal
verb intransitive
■to talk or write about past experiences which you remember with pleasure （对愉快的往事）追忆，回忆，缅怀
• My grandfather used to reminisce about his years in the navy. 我祖父过去常回忆起他当海军时的岁月。
vi. 回忆
 - live over, run back

Word: regal
Front: regal
[ˈri:gl] (宝 12160/12191 -1)
Vocabulary: regal
(once / 1593 pages)
adj
Even though he was homeless, Dan had a regal bearing. Regal is an adjective that describes things that appear to be royal.
There are several synonyms for regal, but they all have slightly different meanings. Reserve regal for those instances when the person or thing truly seems like it wants to be the queen, actually is the queen, or looks like it might belong to the queen. My French teacher has a truly regal bearing: she stands stick-straight, with her chin in the air, and acts as though she's the queen and we're her court. A regal attitude from a trembling Chihuahua is the height of irony: that little bugger couldn't rule a cat-box, let alone a whole country.
WORD FAMILY
regal: regaler, regalest, regally
USAGE EXAMPLES
Players aren’t celebrating or grieving but simply overcome with the emotion of spending three hours in this nation’s most regal football game.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Palmer never much cared for the regal honorific.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
“The Champion sweatshirt is such a regal piece,” said Josh Matthews, the director of merchandising at Flight Club and a longtime collector of the brand.
New York Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 君主的，皇家的; 属于君主的，适合君主的; 豪华的
分布：帝王的(74%)，尊贵的(26%)
→来自拉丁语 regalis,国王的，王室的，来自 rex,国王，来自 reg,拉直，管理，统治，词源 同 regulate,right.
【记】reg统治，al：帝王的，参：regime（n 政体；政权制度）
adjective
■very special and suitable for a king or queen 帝王的，国王的；庄严的
• a regal manner 王者风范
• He made a regal entrance. 他像个国王一样庄严地走了进来。
adj. 帝王的；王室的；豪华的；庄严的
 - household, grand, purple, sacred

Word: quieten
Front: quieten
[ˈkwaɪətn] (43842/14474)
Back: vt. & vi. （使）安静; （使）平静; （使）平息; <主文>（使）（感情）减轻
时态：quietened, quietening, quietens
分布：平静下来(100%)
['kwaɪə.tən] UK (US quiet)
verb intransitive or transitive
■to (cause to) become calmer or less noisy （使）平静；（使）安静
• The barking dogs quietened (down) when they recognized me. 认出我之后，那些吠叫的狗安静了下来。
vt. 抚慰；使安静
 - silence, placate

Word: reprehensible
Front: reprehensible
[ˌreprɪˈhensəbl] (宝 17850/20896)
Vocabulary: reprehensible
(once / 4456 pages)
adj
Reprehensible means deserving of blame or strong criticism. It is a strong word––your mother might forgive you for doing something bad, but something reprehensible? That's worse.
Near synonyms are blameworthy and culpable. Antonyms are blameless and praiseworthy. The adjective reprehensible is from Middle English, from Latin reprehensus, from reprehendere plus the suffix -ibilis "deserving of, capable of." If someone is reprehended, they are blamed or strongly criticized.
WORD FAMILY
reprehensible: reprehensibility, reprehensibly, reprehensively+/reprehend: reprehended, reprehending, reprehends, reprehensible, reprehension/reprehension: reprehensions
USAGE EXAMPLES
A Trump spokesperson said the comments were “absolutely reprehensible, and they serve no place in our public discourse”.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Drexel on Sunday called his tweet "utterly reprehensible" and said it would meet with him to discuss it.
Reuters(Dec 27, 2016)
It involves providing a scenario for a person to deny knowledge of or responsibility for a reprehensible act.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 应受谴责的
分布：应受谴责的(100%)
→re-,向后，往回，-prehens,抓住，词源同 comprehend,prehensile.即抓回，引申词义应受指责的 等。
应受责难的(re+prehens+ible)[prehens,prehend=catch表示"抓住"]
【记】re反复，pre，hens＝hand，ible：反复用手拽住他，因为他应受谴责的
【参】comprehend（v 领会；理解）；apprehend（v 领会；忧虑）
formal
adjective
■If someone's behaviour is reprehensible, it is extremely bad or unacceptable 应受斥责的；应受指责的；不道德的
• reprehensible conduct/actions 应受指责的行为／行动

Word: scavenger
Front: scavenger
[ˈskævɪndʒə(r)] (托 15319/21795)
Vocabulary: scavenger
(once / 6274 pages)
n
Ever catch a raccoon in your garbage can? The critter is a scavenger, digging around for whatever it can find to eat. In fact, anything or anybody searching for and collecting what others have tossed away is a scavenger.
Originally the Middle English word skavager referred to a customs collector who collected scavage, or a toll on foreign goods brought in to sell. In the late 14th Century, scavengers were people hired to clean the streets. Later, the word was used for animals who ate decaying creatures. Later still, the "scavenger hunt" became popular as a game where people have to find items on a list. Anyone who hunts for and collects castoffs could be called a scavenger.
WORD FAMILY
scavenger: scavengers+/ scavenge: scavenged, scavenger, scavenges, scavenging
USAGE EXAMPLES
The tours will be on winter hiatus Dec. 12 through Jan. 31, then resume with a themed scavenger hunt in February.
Washington Post(Nov 27, 2016)
Trying to find and update your phone number at every place that stores it is a scavenger hunt that most people will lose.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 26, 2016)
Some investigators believe scavengers may have looted the wrecks to obtain scrap metal.
Seattle Times(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: n. 捡破烂的人，清扫工; 食腐动物
分布：清除剂(52%)，食腐动物(24%)，拾荒者(24%)
→来自中古英语 scawageour,伦敦的税务官员，特指对外来商品收取税费的官员，来自盎格鲁 法语 scawage,税收，税费，来自 Proto-Germanic*skau,注视，注意，检查，来自 skeue, 注视，注意，词源同 show,古义看，检查。因收取税费的同时兼顾打扫街道卫生，引申词义 拾荒者，捡破烂者，后原词义逐渐消失，其引申词义成为主要词义。-enger,人，词源同 messenger,passenger.
US [-dʒɚ] noun countable
■a bird or animal which feeds on dead animals which it has not killed itself 食腐动物
n. [动] 食腐动物；清道夫； [助剂] 清除剂；拾荒者
 - street sweeper, ashman

Word: ritz

Word: robbin
Front: robbin
['rɒbɪn] (41267/-)
Back: n. 束帆索
分布：系帆绳索(100%)

Word: retroactive
Front: retroactive
[ˌretrəʊˈæktɪv] (宝 19147/38803)
Vocabulary: retroactive
(once / 10629 pages)
adj
The adjective retroactive refers to something happening now that affects the past. For example, a retroactive tax is one that is passed at one time, but payable back to a time before the tax was passed.
The Latin word retroagere, an ancestor of the adjective retroactive, means "drive or turn back," and goes along with the meaning of the word. Sometimes governments pass rulings that are set as if they were in effect before the ruling was even made, and that means they are retroactive. On the bright side, you might be awarded a salary raise that is retroactive, meaning you'll get paid more for work you did in the past. And, retroactive fads in clothing keep vintage clothing stores in business.
WORD FAMILY
retroactive: retroactively
USAGE EXAMPLES
The new rules would not be retroactive, so those who participated in the sit in last summer won’t be penalized.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
She hopes to get a retroactive therapeutic use exemption, she says.
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
The IR designation is retroactive to last Sunday.
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 反动的; 追溯的; 有追溯力的; 从以往某天开始生效
分布：有追溯力的(50%)，可追溯的(50%)
→retro-,向后，往回，active,有效力的。
US [-roʊ-] (also retrospective) formal
adjective
■If a law or decision, etc. is retroactive, it has effect from a date before it was approved 有追溯效力的；溯及既往的
• the first British law to have retroactive effect 第一部有追溯效力的英国法律
adj. 追溯的； [法] 有追溯效力的；反动的
 - reactive

Word: samba
Front: samba
[ˈsæmbə] (22686/41779)
Back: n. 桑巴舞（一种源自非洲的巴西舞）
vi. 跳桑巴舞
时态：sambaed, sambaing, sambas
分布：跳桑巴舞(100%)
noun countable or uncountable
■an energetic dance originally from Brazil, or music for dancing this dance 森巴舞（源于巴西）；森巴舞曲

Word: soma
Front: soma
['səʊmə] (32112/47456)
Back: n. 身体，肉体，人体细胞
分布：身体(34%)，身体细胞(33%)，肉体(33%)
n. 体细胞；躯体；身体
 - person, body

Word: symbiosis
Front: symbiosis
[ˌsɪmbaɪˈəʊsɪs] (托宝 20824/26218)
Vocabulary: symbiosis
(once / 23313 pages)
n
Symbiosis, a noun, tells about the relationship between living things that helps all of them stay alive, like the symbiosis between bees that eat nectar from flowers that get cross-pollinated when the bees move from one to the next.
To correctly pronounce symbiosis, accent the third syllable: "sim-be-OH-sis." The prefix syn comes from the Greek word "together" and bios means "life." So symbiosis means "a living together." Things that live in symbiosis depend on one another, like the clown fish and anemone that protect one another from ocean predators, or the symbiosis between a dairy farmer and one who grows hay, trading milk for hay bales that feed the cows.
WORD FAMILY
symbiosis: symbiotic +/ symbiotic: nonsymbiotic, symbiotically
USAGE EXAMPLES
A curious symbiosis develops between them, a dynamic more complex and strange than the simple conflict of good and evil.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
West and Trump’s dynamic—the artist and the strongman—evokes a traditional symbiosis between aestheticism and fascism.
Slate(Dec 14, 2016)
Despite their symbiosis, Tversky was the more successful of the two.
Washington Post(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. （通常互利的）共生（现象）; （人与人之间的）互利关系
分布：共生(92%)，共栖(8%)
→sym-,一起，一致，-bio,生命，词源同 biology,生物学，-sis,表状态。
共生(sym+bio生命+sis→共同生命)[sym-,syn-表示"共同,相同"]
【记】sym＝same，bio生化，sis：生物共同生长－共生
US [-'oʊ-] noun uncountable specialized
■a relationship between two types of animal or plant in which each provides for the other the conditions necessary for its continued existence （动物或植物间的）共生
■a relationship between people or organizations that depend on each other equally （人或机构间的）相互依赖的关系，互依关系
n. [生态] 共生；合作关系；共栖
 - partnership, intergrowth

Word: shoreline
Front: shoreline
[ˈʃɔ:laɪn] (9279/14918 -1)
Vocabulary: shoreline
(once / 7965 pages)
n
The shoreline is the place where a large body of water, like an ocean, lake, or river, meets the land. There are a lot of fun beaches along the Atlantic shoreline.
You can use the noun shoreline to talk about the strip that marks the boundary between land and water, whether it's at the edge of an ocean, sea, lake, or river. While the word "coast" refers specifically to the ocean, shoreline or shore can be used for any body of water. The word was first coined in the mid-1800's by geographers, and its root is the Germanic schor, "shore, coast, or headland."
WORD FAMILY
shoreline: shorelines
USAGE EXAMPLES
The intact forested shoreline without bulkhead or break to the beach and near shore is a critical resting and feeding opportunity for juvenile salmon.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Trout are fair on the Louisiana shoreline on slow-sinking plugs.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
For years, the dams starved the area of sediment, so homeowners armored the shoreline with concrete, riprap, and rows of boulders to prevent erosion.
The New Yorker(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 海岸线; 岸边线; 滨线; 水线
分布：海岸线(96%)，沿海地带(4%)
US ['ʃɔ:r-] noun countable usually singular
■the edge of a sea, lake or wide river 海岸线；湖滨线；河岸线
• Oil from the wrecked tanker polluted more than 40 miles of the Normandy shoreline. 从失事油轮中溢出的石油使诺曼第海岸长达40多哩的区域受到了污染。
n. [海洋] 海岸线；海岸线地带
 - coastline, sea line

Word: soy
Front: soy
[sɔɪ] (六托 6060/25479)
Back: n. 大豆; 酱油
分布：大豆(55%)，酱油(45%)
N-UNCOUNT
大豆
Soy flour, butter, or other food is made from soybeans.
n. 大豆；酱油
 - soybean, sauce, soya

Word: tradesman
Front: tradesman
[ˈtreɪdzmən] (六 22615/9810)
Back: n. 商人; 店主; 零售商; 手艺人
分布：零售商(75%)，工匠(25%)
noun countable mainly UK someone who buys and sells goods, especially someone who owns a shop 商人；（尤指商店的）店主
• Local tradesmen are objecting to plans for big new out-of-town shopping centre. 当地的店主反对在城郊新建大型购物中心的计划。
■someone who works in a trade which needs skill at using your hands, usually in the building industry 手艺人；技工；（通常指建筑业的）工匠
dealer, businessman, merchant, tradesman, trader
这组词都有“商人”的意思，其区别是：
dealer: 指商人时多与表商店的字连用。
businessman: 指有经验、善于经营、从事各种买卖活动的买卖人、实业家或工商业家。
merchant: 指从事批发生意的大商人，尤指从事国际贸易的大商人，但在美国或苏格兰等地，也指一般商人。
tradesman: 指零卖商人，开小店的商人。
trader: 指从事贸易工作的人，也指贩子。
n. [贸易] 商人；（英）店主；零售商；手艺人
 - merchant, bania

Word: turbo
Front: turbo
['tɜ:bəʊ] (16605/12875 -1)
Back: n. 涡轮（发动机），增压涡轮; 同“turbosuper charger”
分布：增压涡轮(100%)

Word: unruffled
Front: unruffled
[ʌnˈrʌfld] (26973/20293)
Back: adj. （水面等）平静的; 无波浪的; 镇定的; 安详
分布：沉着的(31%)，平静的(28%)，镇定的(23%)，=unperturbed.(9%)，无波浪的(9%)
adjective
■calm; not nervous or worried, usually despite a difficult situation 平静的；泰然自若的
• For a man in danger of losing his job, he appeared quite unruffled. 对于一个可能会丢掉工作的人来说，他表现得相当镇定自若。
adj. 平静的；不骚动的；镇定的
 - peaceful, pacific, collected, calm, still

Word: unburden
Front: unburden
[ˌʌnˈbɜ:dn] (28316/34537)
Back: vt. 卸去负荷; 吐露心事，消除（思想、心灵上的）负担
时态：unburdened, unburdening, unburdens
分布：倾诉(47%)，发泄(25%)，表白(14%)，卸去负担(14%)
US [-'bɝ:-] verb
unburden yourself
■to free yourself of something that is worrying you, by talking about it to someone 倾诉自己的烦恼；诉苦
• He'll unburden himself to anyone who'll listen. 他会向任何愿意听的人倾诉自己的烦恼。
vt. 吐露；卸去...的负担
 - voice, give vent to

Word: vertiginous
Front: vertiginous
[vɜ:ˈtɪdʒɪnəs] (27101/33933)
Vocabulary: vertiginous
(once / 30860 pages)
adj
To be vertiginous is to be dizzy and woozy. It's a disorienting feeling.
There's a famous movie called "Vertigo," which is named after a condition of extreme dizziness, often caused by heights. The word vertiginous applies to similar feelings and sensations. The flu makes many people feel vertiginous. Sometimes when you stand up too fast, you can get vertiginous for a second, and most people feel vertiginous after spinning in a circle. Vertigo is a Latin word that originally meant "whirling or spinning," from its root vertere, "to turn."
WORD FAMILY
vertiginous: vertiginously+/ vertigo: vertiginous, vertigoes, vertigos
USAGE EXAMPLES
Heels are a must, or rather “vertiginous pumps like you’re sitting pretty for your Andy portrait”, a spirited nod, perhaps, to the cult of celebrity.
The Guardian(Nov 15, 2016)
James Whistler, Vincent van Gogh and many others were delighted by the surprising compositions, vertiginous perspectives and woodblock techniques unlike anything they’d seen.
Washington Post(Nov 03, 2016)
In keeping with the avian theme, the movie abounds in swooping, sometimes vertiginous aerial shots, most of them captured by drone-mounted cameras.
New York Times(Nov 01, 2016)
Back: adj. 头晕的，引起头晕的; 多变化的
分布：眩晕的(56%)，眼花的(22%)，旋转的(22%)
→来自vertigo,眩晕。
US [vɚ-] formal
adjective
■causing or experiencing the feeling that everything is spinning round 引起晕眩的；感到晕眩的
• The two skyscrapers were connected by a vertiginous walkway. 那两座摩天大楼由一条看着眼晕的空中走廊连接。
adj. 眩晕的，眼花的；旋转的；不稳定的
 - rotary, rolling, revolutionary, unstable

Word: warlike
Front: warlike
[ˈwɔ:laɪk] (22491/20121)
Back: adj. 好战的; 尚武的; 军事的; 与战争有关的
分布：好战的(67%)，战争的(33%)
好战的(war战争)[-like表形容词"像…一样"]
US ['wɔ:r-] formal
adjective
■often involved in and eager to start wars 好战的，尚武的
• It has often been said, perhaps unfairly, that they are a warlike nation/people. 或许并不公正，但人们常说那是个好战的国家／民族。
adj. 战争的；好战的；有战争危险的
 - fighting, martial

Word: vouch
Front: vouch
[vaʊtʃ] (宝 18007/18603)
Vocabulary: vouch
(once / 1574 pages)
v
If you vouch for someone, you provide evidence or guarantee something on their behalf. If you vouch for your brother, you're saying he's a stand-up type of guy.
First used in the 14th century, vouch comes from the Latin vocitare, ("to call, call upon, or summon"). Sometimes it can mean offering supporting evidence, as when, for example, you're summoned to court to testify on someone's behalf. If you write a letter of recommendation for a student or co-worker, you vouch for their character and abilities. If you take out a student loan, the government will automatically vouch for you, that is, they'll guarantee the loan will be repaid.
WORD FAMILY
vouch: vouched, voucher, vouches, vouching+/ voucher: vouchers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Pratt also vouched for the concealed carry legislation from Rep. Richard Hudson, the North Carolina Republican who introduced the bill in the House.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Administrators and coaches vouched for his honor-roll grades and tireless work habits.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Instead, they rely on third parties to vouch for those sites and developers.
Slate(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: vi. 保证; 担保; 确定; 确定地说
vt. （因亲眼看见而）为…作证; 断定; <律>传（某人）出庭作证
n. 被担保者
时态：vouched, vouching, vouches
分布：担保(45%)，保证(30%)，证明(20%)，确定(5%)
→来自拉丁语vocare,召唤，说话，词源同voice。原指召唤到法庭出庭作证，引申词义担保。
【记】vou＝vow（n 誓约；v 宣誓），ch：担保需要宣誓
【反】refuse to guarantee（拒绝担保）
verb [+ that]
■to be able from your knowledge or experience to say that something is true 担保；证明；作证
• As a medical examiner I can vouch from experience that his death was accidental. 作为法医，我可以据我的经验断定他是意外死亡。
[vaʊtʃ] verb [+ that]
  Phrasal Verbs  vouch for sth/sb
■to say that you know from experience that something is true or good, or that someone is honest and has a good character 为…担保；保证
• Patricia has checked the reports and can vouch for the accuracy of the information. 派特里夏已经核对过报告，可以保证资讯的准确性。
vt. 担保；证明；传出庭作证
 - assure, prove, demonstrate, guarantee, argue
vi. 保证；证明；确定
 - identify, seal of

Word: videoconference
Front: videoconference
['vɪdɪəʊˌkɒnfərəns] (31589/-)
Back: n. 视频会议
分布：视频会议(100%)

Word: watchman
Front: watchman
[ˈwɒtʃmən] (17150/16530 -1)
Back: n. 警卫; 守门人; 巡夜者
分布：看守人(73%)，巡夜者(27%)
US ['wɑ:tʃ-] noun countable
■a person who is employed to guard a building or several buildings （建筑物的）看守人，保安员，警卫
n. 看守人；巡夜者
 - custos, keeper

Word: zhengzhou

Word: advantageous
Front: advantageous
[ˌædvənˈteɪdʒəs] (六 14081/10044 -1)
Vocabulary: advantageous
(once / 917 pages)
adj
The adjective advantageous is useful for talking about things that are beneficial, or helpful, like when you find an advantageous spot to hang your yard sale sign — a spot where all the passing cars can see it.
Anything that creates an advantage is advantageous. You could describe your decision to throw a huge party as advantageous for your social life, or the cooking class you took as advantageous to the success of your catering business. If it helps you get what you want, or is generally useful, it's advantageous. The root is the Old French word avantage, which means "advantage, profit, or superiority." Anything that assists in your pursuit of these things is advantageous to you.
WORD FAMILY
advantageous: advantageously, advantageousness+/ advantage: advantaged, advantageous, advantages, advantaging, disadvantage / disadvantage: disadvantaged, disadvantageous, disadvantages, disadvantaging/disadvantageous: disadvantageously
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mutation is the engine of evolution, enabling advantageous mitochondrial genotypes to arise.
Nature(Dec 19, 2016)
Farah said having a tool to track his sons’ whereabouts is advantageous since his kids sometimes try to run away.
Washington Times(Nov 28, 2016)
In a free-market system we can expect that advantageous arbitrage opportunities are exploited by profit-seeking market participants no matter how many investors index.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 有利的; 优越
分布：有利的(79%)，有益的(14%)，有助的(7%)
有利的(advantage利益)[-ous表形容词,通常放在一个完整的单词后,表示"…的"]
【记】advantage（n 优势；利益）
adjective
■giving advantages or helping to make you more successful 有利的；有优势的；有好处的
• advantageous interest rates 有利可图的利率
• The lower tax rate is particularly advantageous to poorer families. 低税率对于较为贫困的家庭尤其有利。
profitable, beneficial, advantageous
这组词都有“有益的，有利的”的意思，其区别是：
profitable: 多用于指能获得实用的或可获利的事。
beneficial: 侧重对健康、身心或事业有益。
advantageous: 多指能直接导致相对优势或有助于达到目的的事。
adj. 有利的；有益的
 - beneficial, favorable, helpful, useful, conducive

Word: arbitrator
Front: arbitrator
[ˈɑ:bɪtreɪtə(r)] (托 16096/10868)
Back: n. 仲裁人，公断人; 仲裁员
分布：仲裁人(86%)，公断者(14%)
仲裁人(arbitr仲裁＋ator)[-or表名词"人或物器",在一些词根前写成"-ator"]
US ['ɑ:r.bɪ.treɪ.tˌɚ] noun countable
■a person who has been officially chosen to make a decision between two people or groups who do not agree 仲裁人；裁决人；公断人
n. 公断人， [法] 仲裁人
 - moderator, daysman

Word: alleyway
Front: alleyway
['ælɪweɪ] (15865/12632 -1)
Back: n. 小巷，胡同; 窄街，通道
分布：小巷(76%)，窄街(12%)，背街(7%)，=alley.(5%)
N-COUNT
同alley
An alleyway is the same as an alley .
n. 胡同；小巷；窄街；走廊
 - hall, passage, lane, corridor

Word: antigen
Front: antigen
[ˈæntɪdʒən] (16917/8386)
Vocabulary: antigen
(once / 31858 pages)
n
An antigen is a substance that your immune system reacts against. A harmful virus is one kind of antigen.
When your immune system detects some toxic foreign body or substance, it sends up defenses against this antigen called antibodies. This ability of your body, to protect you against bacteria and other antigens, helps keep you healthy. Antigen comes from a French word, antigène, from Greek root anti-, "against, and the word-forming suffix -gen, "thing that produces or causes."
WORD FAMILY
antigen: antigenic, antigens+/antigenic: antigenically
USAGE EXAMPLES
They found evidence for strong positive selection on the regulatory region of the human leucocyte antigen gene HLA-DQA1 in the ancient population.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
Still, they’re closely monitoring what they described as a barely detectable but abnormally high level of the antigen.
Washington Times(Nov 21, 2016)
They use coding sequenced from the viruses to instruct cells to produce protein antigens, which induce an immune reaction.
Seattle Times(Oct 20, 2016)
Back: n. 抗原
分布：名词(100%)
→前缀anti-, 相对，相反。词根gen，产生，原。
【记】anti反，gen病原－抗原
US [-tˌi-] specialized
noun countable
■a substance that causes the production of antibodies in the body 抗原

Word: amidst
Front: amidst
[ə'mɪdst] (雅 9845/8672)
Back: prep. 在…中; 在…的包围中
分布：由 ... 伴随(34%)，在 ... 当中(33%)，在 ... 期间(33%)
PREP
同amid
Amidst means the same as amid .
prep. 在…当中
 - amongst

Word: backpack
Front: backpack
[ˈbækpæk] (托 6456/25243)
Vocabulary: backpack
(once / 8220 pages)
nv
A backpack is a bag you wear on your back, with straps over your shoulders. Lots of kids carry their books to school in a backpack.
A hiker might carry a heavy backpack for miles, with food and a folded tent inside, while a kindergartner's backpack will be much smaller, and may have a cartoon character on it. You can also call this portable kind of bag a rucksack. If you hike with a backpack, you go backpacking, and you can call yourself a backpacker. The word's been around since the earliest 20th century.
WORD FAMILY
backpack: backpacked, backpacker, backpacking, backpacks+/ backpacker: backpackers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Backpacks, bottles and firecrackers were also banned and machine-gun carrying policemen are set to patrol throughout the night.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
A stray backpack prompted the partial evacuation of the tower Tuesday.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
A stray backpack prompted the partial evacuation of the tower on Tuesday.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. （指登山者、步行者使用或背小孩时使用的）背包， （有轻金属框的）箱形背包
vi. 背着背包徒步旅行
分布：双肩背包(68%)，挑运(24%)，背包徒步旅行(8%)
noun countable
■a rucksack
['bæk.pæk] verb intransitive
■to travel or go camping while carrying your clothes and other things that you need in a backpack 背包旅行；野外露营
• We backpacked around Thailand. 我们背着背包在泰国徒步旅行。
n. 双肩背包，背包；远足用的背包
 - pack, knapsack

Word: askance
Front: askance
[əˈskæns] (宝 23717/25244)
Vocabulary: askance
(once / 3136 pages)
advadj
You may have trouble looking directly at the human specimens onstage at the freak show, but you also won't be able to look away. Find a happy medium by looking askance, or subtly out of the corner of your eye.
First used in the 1500's, no one is quite sure where the cockeyed, slanting adverb askance came from. Some people suspect that it evolved from the Latin a scancio, meaning “obliquely, slantingly,” while others argue that it’s just a variant of the word askew. How fitting for a word that describes a suspicious or distrusting manner of looking that we can't trace its etymology with any surety.
WORD FAMILY
askance
USAGE EXAMPLES
Hardly anyone looked askance at his passion for guns and for training youths in paramilitary tactics.
New York Times(Dec 24, 2016)
However, other provinces would surely look askance if Saskatchewan were seen to be free-riding on their sacrifices.
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
Many Democrats look askance at Keith Ellison, the sudden shooting star of the party’s leadership, as too different, too progressive and feisty.
The Guardian(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: adv. 斜，斜视
分布：斜视地(39%)，怀疑地(37%)，=askant.(12%)，不赞许地(12%)
→可能同辅音根s-k, 表示歪，斜，见askance, 斜的。askew, 斜的。skew，斜的。
【记】as象，kan看。象看。又不是看，这叫斜视，俗称—瞟！
US [-'skænts] adverb
look askance
■to look at or think about someone or something with doubt, disapproval or no trust （不满或怀疑地）斜眼看，瞟
• They looked askance at our scruffy clothes. 他们满腹疑惑地看着我们破破烂烂的衣服。
adv. 怀疑地；斜视地
 - skeptically, sceptically

Word: baroness
Front: baroness
[ˈbærənəs] (28073/27063)
Back: n. 女男爵; 男爵夫人[寡妇]
分布：男爵夫人(70%)，女男爵(30%)
noun countable
■a British woman who has the lowest rank in the highest social class, or who is the wife of a baron 女男爵；男爵夫人

Word: bewitch
Front: bewitch
[bɪˈwɪtʃ] (22708/20821)
Vocabulary: bewitch
(once / 1026 pages)
v
To bewitch is to cast a spell on someone with witchcraft or to capture their attention in another way. You might bewitch someone with your beauty or with your potion. The choice is yours.
The word witch is a big clue to what bewitching means. In a Halloween story, if a witch casts a spell over someone to control them, that's an example of bewitching. Bewitching happens in the real world when something captures your attention or attracts you. A fascinating storyteller bewitches you. When people fall in love, they bewitch one another.
WORD FAMILY
bewitch: bewitched, bewitchery, bewitches, bewitching, bewitchment+/bewitchery: bewitcheries/bewitching: bewitchinger, bewitchingly/bewitchment: bewitchments
USAGE EXAMPLES
He cited 1960s sitcoms like “Bewitched” and “I Dream of Jeannie” as mass entertainment necessary in uncertain times.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Simone Biles bewitched the world, won four golds and one solitary bronze after she slipped on the balance beam.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
For Mr. Fox, the role of Dr. Bombay did not end with “Bewitched.”
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: vt. 对（某人）施魔法; 令（某人）心醉，入迷
时态：bewitched, bewitching, bewitches
分布：蛊惑(62%)，使着迷(38%)
→前缀be-, 强调。witch, 女巫，巫术。
【记】be被动，wit（n 智慧），ch吃。－被有智慧的人吃了－有智慧的人不会采取暴力，他会用一些温柔的方法，比如：施魔法，使你销魂，趁你不备，一口吃掉。
【参】witch（n 巫婆，迷人的女子；vt 施巫术，迷惑）
verb
transitive often passive
■to attract or interest someone a lot so that you have the power to influence them 使着迷；使迷惑
• He was bewitched by her beauty. 他被她的美貌迷住了。
transitive
■to put a magic spell on someone or something in order to control them 施魔力于，，蛊惑
vt. 施魔法于，蛊惑；使着迷
 - beguile, enthrall

Word: bedtime
Front: bedtime
[ˈbedtaɪm] (9223/12176 -1)
Vocabulary: bedtime
(once / 2954 pages)
n
Bedtime is the time of the evening or night when you go to sleep. If you want a good excuse to leave a boring party, you can look at your watch and say, "Wow! It's way past my bedtime!"
The time you generally go to bed is your bedtime, although you may not have a regular bedtime, just turning in whenever you feel sleepy. Most young children have a set bedtime, which is basically the hour their parents have decided they should go to sleep. If they're lucky, they'll get a bedtime story before the lights are turned off. Bedtime dates from the 13th century, from the Old English bedd and tima, "limited space of time."
WORD FAMILY
bedtime: bedtimes
USAGE EXAMPLES
Still, just seeing the information about my bedtime habits helped me change for the better.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
In those days, the president followed the billiards game with bedtime routines with his daughters.
New York Times(Jul 02, 2016)
And Florida State coach Jimbo Fisher used to break his bedtime as a kid to stay up late and watch bowl games.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 就寝时间
分布：就寝时间(100%)
noun uncountable
■the time at which you usually get into your bed in order to sleep 就寝时间
• Put your toys away now, it's bedtime. 把玩具收拾好，该上床睡觉了。
• Eleven o'clock is past my bedtime. 11点了，已过了我的就寝时间。
• I like to have a hot drink at bedtime. 我喜欢在睡前喝一杯热饮。
• He reads his children a bedtime story every night. 他每晚睡前都会给孩子们说一个故事。

Word: birch
Front: birch
[bɜ:tʃ] (11505/12047 -1)
Back: n. 桦树，桦木; （鞭打用的）桦条
vt. （用桦条）抽打，鞭挞
时态：birched, birching, birches
分布：桦树(58%)，桦木(39%)，用桦条抽打(3%)
→来自PIE *bher, 发光，同bright, 明亮的。
【记】bir＝bird鸟，ch吃。鸟在桦树上吃东西。Birch下有一只bitch（n 母狗）
US [bɝ:tʃ] noun
TREE 树
countable
■a tree with a smooth, often white bark (= outer covering) and thin branches 桦树，白桦树
UK [bɜ:tʃ] US [bɝ:tʃ] noun
PUNISHMENT 惩罚
the birch only singular UK
■an official punishment in the past, which involved hitting a person across the bottom with a stick, or the stick itself 鞭笞；用桦木条抽打
n. 桦木；桦树；桦条
 - brich

Word: brainwash
Front: brainwash
[ˈbreɪnwɒʃ] (17322/19763)
Back: vt. <贬>对…进行洗脑，把某种思想强加于，通过宣传灌输说服
n. 洗脑
时态：brainwashed, brainwashing, brainwashes
分布：洗脑(93%)，通过宣传说服(7%)
US [-wɑ:ʃ] disapproving
verb transitive
■to make someone believe something by repeatedly telling them that it is true and preventing any other information from reaching them 对…洗脑；向…强行灌输
• The government is trying to brainwash them into thinking that war is necessary. 政府正试图对他们进行洗脑，使之认为战争是别无选择的。

Word: bonhomie
Front: bonhomie
[ˈbɒnəmi] (宝 31897/22207)
Vocabulary: bonhomie
(once / 15908 pages)
n
If you are known for your bonhomie, that's a good thing. It means that you are a cheerful friendly sort of person. Keep it up.
Any French speaker will recognize that the noun bonhomie is related to bon homme — French for "good man." However, a woman can exude a spirit of bonhomie as well, as long as she is cheery and kind. If you are looking to infuse a depressing setting with bonhomie, try cracking a joke or setting your beret at a rakish angle.
WORD FAMILY
bonhomie
USAGE EXAMPLES
They briefly clasped hands at the dinner, but the usual feigned bonhomie at what is officially a nonpartisan dinner was labored.
New York Times(Oct 26, 2016)
I brace myself for the onslaught of protest with a reminder that this is the price of the preceding months of bonhomie.
The Guardian(Sep 27, 2016)
The Russian media presented it as a joint snack of "American comfort food and Russian bonhomie".
BBC(Sep 11, 2016)
Back: n. 温和，友好
分布：温和(48%)，和蔼(31%)，好性情(21%)
→来自法语。bon, 好。hom, 人，同human.
【记】bon好，homie＝human－好人－和蔼
US [ˌbɑ:.nə'mi:] formal
noun uncountable
■friendliness and happiness 友好，友善；幸福，快乐
• There was a lot of cheerful bonhomie amongst the people on the trip. 一路上，人们都十分友好，融洽相处。
n. 温和，和蔼；敦厚
 - mildness, moderation

Word: brittany
Front: brittany
[ˈbritəni] (-/12142)
Back: 布列塔尼（半岛）（法国西北部一地区）
分布：名词(100%)

Word: braille
Front: braille
[breɪl] (10185/24666)
Back: n. 盲文，（盲人用）布莱叶点字法
vt. 用布莱叶点字法印刷; (B-)布莱叶(Louis, 1809-1852，法国盲人教育家，盲文点写法的设计者)
分布：布莱叶盲文(59%)，点字法(26%)，用点字印刷或书写(5%)，布莱叶(法国盲人教育家(5%)，盲文点写法的设计者)(5%)
→由19世纪法国盲人教师Louis Braille发明并以其名命名的盲人文字。
(also Braille) [breɪl] noun uncountable
■a system of printing for blind people, in which each letter is represented as a raised pattern which can be read by touching with the fingers 盲文点字法；布莱叶盲文
• The book has been printed in six languages and in braille. 这本书用六种语言和盲文印刷。

Word: cello
Front: cello
[ˈtʃeləʊ] (托宝 12971/16286 -1)
Vocabulary: cello
(once / 3659 pages)
n
A cello is a large, stringed musical instrument. A cellist has to sit in a chair to play a cello.
One end of a cello rests on the floor as it's played, with the neck upright. The cellist forms notes with her fingers on the strings and pulls a bow across the body of the cello. Cellos are an important part of an orchestra, though they're often featured in contemporary popular music as well. The word is short for the Italian violincello, which ultimately comes from the Medieval Latin vitula, "stringed instrument."
WORD FAMILY
cello: cellist, cellos+/cellist: cellists
USAGE EXAMPLES
It features pizzicato cello and a subtle growl of organ, along with lyrics that revel in comeuppance.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Mr. Schiff performed and recorded nearly all the standard works of the cello repertory.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
I was like, ‘Alright, well then why don’t you sit in with our cello section on ‘Mission Impossible’?”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 大提琴
分布：名词(100%)
→来自意大利词violoncello的缩写。viola, 中提琴，-on, 大词后缀，-cello, 小词后缀。
【记】violin（n 小提琴）；viola（n 中提琴）
【区】cellar（n 地下室）；cello以o结尾表示音乐（a和o结尾的单词一般都是源于意大利，所以有音乐的意思）
US [-oʊ] (plural cellos) (formal violoncello)
noun countable
■a wooden musical instrument with four strings, that is held vertically between the legs and is played by moving a bow across the strings 大提琴
n. 大提琴
 - violoncello

Word: canine
Front: canine
[ˈkeɪnaɪn] (宝 15736/16247)
Vocabulary: canine
(once / 3147 pages)
1nadj 2nadj
Canine is how zoologists refer to all mammals with snouts and non-retractable claws. Sound familiar? That's right, Fido is a canine. (All dogs are.) Coyotes and wolves are canines, too.
The sharp pointy teeth in your mouth are also called canines. Like wolves, we use these sharp incisors to tear meat from the bone, though these days we tend to get some help in that department from knives and forks. Fun fact: The police call their drug-sniffing dogs the K-9 unit. Get it?
WORD FAMILY
canine: caninely, canines
USAGE EXAMPLES
The charming canine stories and photographs guided me through those dark years, to a happier job and happier days.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
This year, our photographers captured subjects of all kinds: famous and little-known, athletic and political, human and canine.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
But the sentiment of this California canine nonetheless resonates, in the state in which Trump’s popular vote defeat was the greatest.
Salon(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 犬的; 狗的; 似犬的; 犬科的
n. 犬齿; 犬牙; 犬科动物
分布：犬(75%)，犬齿(8%)，犬的(7%)，似犬的(4%)，犬科的(3%)，犬科动物(3%)
→来自PIE *kwon, 狗，拟声词，词源同canary, cynic.
狗的(can狗+ine)[-ine 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人或女人"3.表名词"状态,药物等"]
狗的[can=dog(狗)]
【记】can能，nine九一犬可以咬九人，有九条命。
adjective
■of or relating to dogs 犬的，狗的
• The city's canine population (= The number of dogs in the city) has grown dramatically over recent years. 近年来该市狗的数量急剧增加。
['keɪ.naɪn] noun countable
TOOTH (also canine tooth)
■one of four pointed teeth in the human mouth （人的）犬齿 Compare incisor ; molar
['keɪ.naɪn] noun countable
DOG 犬 specialized
■a dog 犬
n. 犬； [解剖] 犬齿
 - dogtooth, cuspid

Word: centrifugal
Front: centrifugal
[ˌsentrɪˈfju:gl] (宝 18605/25338)
Vocabulary: centrifugal
(once / 5390 pages)
adj
The physics principle whereby objects are forced to move out from the center is called centrifugal force. This apparent force is activated by something moving in a curved direction; the heavier the object the stronger the force.
The word centrifugal is from the Latin centrum, "center," and fugere, "to flee," so the word means "center-fleeing." Centrifugal force was studied by physicists as far back as 1629, and the term itself was used by Sir Isaac Newton, in its Latin guise vis centrifuga, in 1687.
WORD FAMILY
centrifugal: centrifugally
USAGE EXAMPLES
The centrifugal force is proportional to the radius of your circular path.
Salon(Dec 18, 2016)
Today, however, Congress is centrifugal rather than centripetal, expelling rather than concentrating power.
Washington Post(Oct 14, 2016)
These came across as tedious sonic streams of consciousness, in which the language of experimental jazz was subjected to the centrifugal forces of extended technique.
New York Times(Aug 24, 2016)
Back: adj. 离心的
分布：离心的(100%)
离心的(centri中心+fug+al→逃离中心的)[fug=flee,表示"逃,离开"]
adjective
■(of a turning object) moving away from the point around which it is turning （旋转的物体）离心的
• centrifugal force 离心力
adj. [机] [力] 离心的；远中的
 - acentric, exodic
n. [机] [力] 离心机；转筒
 - revolving drum, rotating drum

Word: centrism
Front: centrism
['sentrɪzəm] (37812/-)
Back: n. 中间路线，中间派的政策，温和主义
分布：中间路线(56%)，中间派的政策(22%)，温和主义(22%)

Word: cervical
Front: cervical
[ˈsɜ:vɪkl] (12298/13029 -1)
Back: adj. [解]颈的; 子宫颈的
分布：子宫颈的(100%)
→来自词根cerv, 颈，词源同horn.
ADJ
子宫颈的
Cervical means relating to the cervix.
例：...the number of women dying from cervical cancer.死于子宫颈癌的女性人数
ADJ
颈部的
Cervical means relating to the neck.
例：...the discs in the upper cervical spine.颈椎上部的椎间盘

Word: chairwoman
Front: chairwoman
[ˈtʃeəwʊmən] (高 15732/26627)
Back: n. 女主席，女议长
分布：女主席(63%)，女董事长(37%)
US ['tʃer-] noun countable
■a female chairman 女主席；女委员长；女主持人

Word: cline
Front: cline
[klaɪn] (33149/44029)
Back: n. 渐变群（一种生态特征）
→来自klei,倾斜，词源同lean,incline.词义由倾斜到渐变。
n. [生物] 渐变群，生态群
 - sinusium, synusium

Word: childish
Front: childish
[ˈtʃaɪldɪʃ] (四 11788/8733 -1)
Vocabulary: childish
(once / 417 pages)
adj
If you act immature or bratty, you're being childish. A childish dinner guest might pout because you didn't make dessert.
While the adjective childish is sometimes used to simply mean "like a child," it's more common to use childlike in this way. When your teacher comments that your chattering during class is childish behavior, she means that you're acting as juvenile as a four year old child. This negative implication has been attached to childish since the 15th century. The word comes from the Old English cildisc, "proper to a child."
WORD FAMILY
childish: childishest, childishly, childishness+/ child: childhood, childish, childless, childlike, childly, children, childs/childhood: childhoods/childishness: childishnesses/childless: childlessly, childlessness/childlike: childlikely
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Sheriff Jones should be bringing this country together instead of staging childish publicity stunts,” she said.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
So if actors get upset, or they act childlike, or childish, or anything, I am totally sympathetic with them.
Time(Dec 21, 2016)
He wrote a note apologizing to his mother and saying “as childish as it sounds, I wish I was in your arms.”
Washington Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: adj. 幼稚的; 孩子气的; 不复杂的
分布：幼稚的(68%)，孩子气的(32%)
→来自child, 儿童。
孩子气的(child孩子)[-ish 1.表形容词"像…一样,有的..."通常放在一具体名词后2.表动词"造成…"3.表示"国家的或语言"]
adjective
 ADVANCED
■typical of a child 孩子的；孩子气的；稚嫩的
• childish handwriting 稚嫩的笔迹
■disapproving
■If an adult is childish, they behave badly in a way that would be expected of a child （成人）孩子气的，幼稚的
• He wasn't enjoying the occasion so he thought he'd spoil it for everyone else - it was very childish of him. 他并不喜欢这样的场合，所以就想给大家搞破坏了——真是太幼稚了。
Compare childlike
childish, childlike
childish: 幼稚的。如：It was very childish of him to lose his temper over something so unimportant.
childlike: 孩子般天真的。如：When she won the gold medal, there was childlike smile on her face.
adj. 幼稚的，孩子气的
 - tender, puerile

Word: concise
Front: concise
[kənˈsaɪs] (研六托雅宝 15935/11311 -1)
Vocabulary: concise
(once / 1990 pages)
adj
If something is concise, it's short and gets right to the point. A concise edition of your diary might be 50 pages of the most important entries.
Concise comes from the Latin word concidere, which means to cut down. When we use concise, we're talking about words that have been cut down. There are no concise trees, but there are concise works of political philosophy. A concise Italian-English dictionary, is shorter than an unabridged one. If you're good at quick explanations, you have a concise manner. A good synonym is succinct.
WORD FAMILY
concise: concisely, conciseness, concisest
USAGE EXAMPLES
A history as long as yours deserves a concise airing of your grievance, in all its gory.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
But Salters and her colleagues also need to be concise.
New York Times(Dec 11, 2016)
Unlike too much writing on places of memory, this is fresh, concise, free from jargon and well informed about realities.
Time(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: adj. 简明的，简洁的; ; 简约; 精炼
分布：简明的(81%)，简要的(19%)
→con-, 强调。-cise, 砍，切，词源同decide, excise.
简明的[cid,cis=cut,kill,表示"切开,杀"]
a.简明的,简洁的"The enterprise will be supervised by a group comprising prominent men," the despising chairman said concisely with no compromise."企业将由杰出人员构成的小组来监管,"轻蔑的主席毫不妥协简
【记】con共同，cise切掉－把多余的部分切掉－简洁的
【参】concision（n 简明，简洁）
adjective
■short and clear, expressing what needs to be said without unnecessary words 简洁的；简明的；简练的；简明扼要的
• Make your answers clear and concise. 回答要言简意赅。
concise, succinct, curt, brief
这组词都有“简短的”的意思，其区别是：
concise: a. (文字等的)简要、精练，常含有保留主要部分的意思。
 • His letter was concise, omitting everything not pertinent to the job.   他的信写得简明扼要，省略掉了所有与该项工作无关的部分。
succinct: a.简明的，简洁的，简练的，尤指用词简练，除含有concise的意思外，还有经过压缩的或简化的意思。
 • succinct summary of the argument   论点的概要
curt: a.三言两语的，简短的，常含有"草率"的意思。
 • He asked his boss a question, but got a curt reply , "I have no time for you now!"   他问老板一个问题，但是老板草率的说："我没时间搭理你。"
brief: a.简明扼要的，简短的，指时间短暂，办事利索，态度明了等；有时含有"虽短但却不失全面"的意味。
 • The manager made a brief statement to open the meeting.   经理致了简短的开幕词。
compact, concise, brief
这组词都有“简短的、简洁的”的意思，其区别是：
compact: 指为了方便把某物压缩到最小程度，也指紧凑、简洁的文体。
concise: 书面用词，可与brief换用，指语言文学言简意赅，无多余的话。
brief: 指语言文学简明扼要，短小精悍，也用于指时间意义很强的短暂的过程。
adj. 简明的，简洁的
 - brief, compact

Word: cognac
Front: cognac
['kɒn.jæk] (17097/20798 -1)
Back: n. 白兰地酒的一种（产于法国的柯纳克）
分布：白兰地酒的一种(100%)
→因产自法国Cognac而得名。
US ['koʊ.njæk] noun countable or uncountable
■high quality brandy (= strong alcoholic drink) made in western France, or a glass of this （产于法国西部的）科尼亚克白兰地，干邑；一杯干邑
• a bottle of cognac 一瓶干邑白兰地
• Would you like another cognac? 你要再来一杯干邑吗？

Word: disgorge
Front: disgorge
[dɪsˈgɔ:dʒ] (宝 23376/19949)
Vocabulary: disgorge
(once / 5680 pages)
v
There's really no way to put this delicately. Disgorge is just a fancy word for "puke." You know... "Barf." "Spew." "Upchuck." Usually applied to birds or animals rather than people.
Okay, actually that's not entirely true. Disgorge also has the other broader, metaphorical meanings of "emptying out," as in: "the bus began to disgorge its passengers;" or "he finally began to disgorge his secrets." So, actually, yes, it does mean a lot more than just "puke." Sorry.
WORD FAMILY
disgorge: disgorged, disgorgement, disgorges, disgorging+/disgorgement: disgorgements/engorge: engorged, engorgement, engorges, engorging/ gorge: disgorge, engorge, gorged, gorger, gorges, gorging, overgorge, regorge/gorger: gorgers/overgorge: overgorged/regorge: regorged
USAGE EXAMPLES
Before the Champagne is finished, the sediment left by the dead yeast is expelled, or disgorged, from the bottle.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Every day a plane disgorges a new wave of tourists.
BBC(Dec 24, 2016)
It disgorges big, metal boxes that fit inside the trailer like a set of fitted luggage.
Washington Post(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: vt. 吐出; 呕吐; 退出; 倒出（食物、液体等）
时态：disgorged, disgorging, disgorges
分布：吐出(51%)，流出(24%)，被迫交出(17%)，涌出(4%)，下客(4%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。gorge, 喉咙，吞没。
【记】gorge（n 咽喉；胃；峡谷v 狼吞虎咽）
【反】ingest（vt 摄取；咽下；吸收）；swallow（v 吞咽）
US [-'gɔ:rdʒ] verb transitive literary
■to release large amounts of liquid, gas or other contents 大量排放，大量排泄
• The pipe was found to be disgorging dangerous chemicals into the sea. 人们发现这个管道在向海里大量排放危险的化学物质。
■literary
■to send many people out of a place or vehicle at the same time （同时从某地点或车辆中）涌出（人）
• The delayed commuter train disgorged hundreds of angry passengers. 晚点的通勤火车里涌出数百名愤怒的乘客。
■formal
■to force something up from the stomach and out through the mouth （从胃里）吐出
• Flies disgorge digestive fluid onto their food to soften it up. 苍蝇将消化液吐到食物上使其软化。
■literary
■to unwillingly release information or money 不情愿地提供（资料）；被迫交出（金钱）
• The judge has forced EXIP to disgorge $400 000 in illegal profits. 法官迫使 EXIP 公司交出40万美元的非法利润。

Word: directorship
Front: directorship
[dəˈrektəʃɪp] (25277/19557)
Back: n. 管理者的职位
分布：管理者的职位(100%)
noun countable
■the position of being the director of a company 领导职位，领导职务
• He holds several company directorships. 他担任着公司的数个领导职务。

Word: distraught
Front: distraught
[dɪˈstrɔ:t] (宝 11877/12164 -1)
Vocabulary: distraught
(once / 3725 pages)
adj
If you are upset, you are distraught. If you don't want to explain why you are pulling your hair out, just utter "Leave me alone; I'm distraught." It'll work.
While distraught may sound like an old Germanic past participle, it is actually an alteration of distract from the Latin distrahere "to draw in different directions." If you are distraught, you are so upset that it's hard to think straight, hence your mind is "drawn in different directions."
WORD FAMILY
distraught: distraughtly
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I am distraught,” said longtime customer Nancy Thompson, a travel agent.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Dozens remain missing and their distraught families are waiting anxiously as rescue efforts continue.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
The distraught young woman testified about a terrifying event at a Kuwait City hospital.
Salon(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 心神错乱的; 几乎发狂的; 忧心如焚的
分布：心烦意乱(51%)，发狂的(34%)，忧心如焚的(15%)
→来自distract, 分心。-ght,拼写模仿caught. 即分心的，发狂的。
【记】是distract（v 使精神错乱；使不安）的变体dis向四面八方，traught读：撞他－开着一辆破车到处乱撞－肯定是因为失恋了而心神狂乱的
【反】composed（adj 镇定的）
US [-'strɑ:t] adjective
■extremely worried, nervous or upset 极其不安的，非常焦虑的，心烦意乱的
• The missing child's distraught parents made an emotional appeal for information on TV. 失踪儿童的父母极为焦虑，在电视上恳请大家提供相关消息。
adj. 发狂的；心烦意乱的
 - nuts, delirious

Word: dispersal
Front: dispersal
[dɪˈspɜ:sl] (托 15305/12682)
Vocabulary: dispersal
(once / 9517 pages)
n
Dispersal is the act of spreading something around. This could be positive (like a dispersal of money) or negative (like a dispersal of a crowd because of a bomb).
If you know that dispersing is when something spreads out or separates, then you have a headstart to understanding dispersal. Dispersal causes something to be diffused or disseminated, like the dispersal of seeds in a garden. A strong wind could cause the dispersal of someone’s homework. A tear gas bomb causes the dispersal of tear gas, which in turn will cause the dispersal of a crowd. Anytime something is spreading out or becoming widespread, there's a dispersal at play.
WORD FAMILY
dispersal: dispersals+/ disperse: dispersal, dispersed, disperses, dispersing, dispersion, dispersive/ dispersed: dispersedly/ dispersion: dispersions/dispersive: dispersively
USAGE EXAMPLES
Why was he running against the flow of dispersal?
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
It said the forces responded with riot dispersal means.
Seattle Times(Dec 18, 2016)
The air quality forecast was provided by King’s College London , which said an area of high pressure over Britain has led to poor pollutant dispersal.
Washington Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 散布; 分散; 消散; 驱散
分布：传播(44%)，分散(31%)，散布(23%)，疏散区(2%)
N-UNCOUNT
散开;散布;传播
Dispersal is the spreading of things over a wide area.
例：Plants have different mechanisms of dispersal for their spores.植物传播孢子的方法各不相同。
N-UNCOUNT
疏散;分散
The dispersal of a crowd involves splitting it up and making the people leave in different directions.
例：The police ordered the dispersal of the crowds gathered round the building.警方命令聚集在建筑物四周的人群散开。
n. 分散；传播；散布； [军] 疏散；消失
 - circulation, propagation, diffusion, spread, decentralization

Word: dude
Front: dude
[du:d] (8373/22838 -1)
Vocabulary: dude
(once / 3108 pages)
n
Dude is a slang greeting term between men, meaning "guy" or "man." For example: "Dude! So, like, what's up?" It's been popularized by movies and TV shows, and has a distinctive whiff of American West Coast hippie culture to it.
In the American nineteenth century dude had another life as a term for a dandy — a particularly well-groomed and fancily-dressed young man. From this came the term of dude as meaning a big city dweller unfamiliar with the ways of the Wild West. When such types came out West to enjoy the rugged life, they stayed in "dude ranches," basically resorts or spas, not real working ranches, and the term is still around today.
WORD FAMILY
dude: dudes
USAGE EXAMPLES
Dude looked like a coach or an Old Navy model, all fleeced and boot-cut.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
When the civil war began in the fall of 1945, the Communists built a wall between the “dude ranch” and Xi’s building to protect secrets.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
And I was like, ‘Dude, that’s so cool!’
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. <美国、加拿大>纨绔子弟，花花公子; <俚>男人，家伙
vt. <俚>打扮得讲究或花哨
分布：花花公子(51%)，打扮(26%)，纨绔子弟(23%)
→可能缩写自Yankee Doodle, 美国佬，或直接来自dawdle, 游荡。
[du:d] mainly US slang
noun countable
■a man 家伙，小子
• Some dude just asked me if I knew you. 刚才有个家伙问我是否认识你。
• [as form of address] Dude, where were you last night? 小子，你昨天晚上去哪里了？
• Jason was one cool dude. 贾森是个很酷的家伙。
n. 花花公子；纨绔子弟
 - playboy, knut
vt. 打扮
 - dress oneself, array
vi. 打扮
 - dress oneself, sharp

Word: eared
Front: eared
[ɪəd] (41060/-)
Back: adj. 有耳的，有穗的，有把的
分布：有穗的(44%)，有耳的(42%)，有把耳的(14%)
adj. 有穗的；有耳的；有把的
 - spiked, auricled
v. 听；抽穗（ear的过去分词）
 - listened

Word: ecumenical
Front: ecumenical
[ˌi:kju:ˈmenɪkl] (宝 12571/13110)
Vocabulary: ecumenical
(once / 8571 pages)
adj
The adjective ecumenical refers to something universal, or something that has a wide, general application.
You might refer to a wide assortment of ethnic foods served together as being ecumenical, and you'd be technically correct, as the word does mean something general and worldwide. But the term is most widely connected with religious unity, specifically Christianity. The original Greek root word, oikos, means "house," and that grew into the word oikoumenikós, which means "the entire world." Today it most often refers to bringing people of diverse Christian religions together; however, an ecumenical service might bring Christians, Jews, and Muslims together under one roof.
WORD FAMILY
ecumenical: ecumenicalism+/ecumenic: ecumenically, ecumenism/ecumenism: ecumenical
USAGE EXAMPLES
The beer festival lived up to the rector’s ecumenical ideals.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
This ecumenical approach enabled him to cross the barriers between those of different faiths.
BBC(Dec 19, 2016)
The ecumenical menu might include a raw seafood medley with sea urchin, a Moroccan-tinged lamb and the Yodel dessert, a supersize rolled devil’s food cake.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 24, 2016)
Back: adj. 一般的，普通的
分布：普遍的(51%)，世界范围的(33%)，促进基督教不同教派大联合的(16%)
【记】e出，cu苦，men人：出来做苦人的是那些传教士，目的是教全世界一般大众都接受他们的理念，而那些呆在ocean的是diocesan（见下）
【反】diocesan（adj 主教管区的）来自ocean（海是易于传教的地方）；factional（adj 派系的）；provincial（adj 狭隘的）
formal
adjective
■supporting and encouraging unity between the various types of the Christian religion 支援基督教（不同教派）大联合的
• an ecumenical service 旨在促进基督教不同教派大联合的仪式
adj. 普遍的；世界范围的；全基督教的
 - widespread, universal, ruling, generalized, pervasive

Word: epidemiology
Front: epidemiology
[ˌepɪˌdi:miˈɒlədʒi] (14950/17588)
Vocabulary: epidemiology
(once / 9448 pages)
n
Epidemiology is the study of diseases: specifically, how they are caused, how they are spread, and how they are controlled or cured. To be sure, it's a nasty job, but someone has to do it!
The ancestry of the word epidemiology comes from the Greek word epidēmia, meaning "prevalence of disease." Although the actual term didn't come about to describe the study of epidemics until 1802, the Greek physician Hippocrates is called "the father of epidemiology" for being the first to study the relationship between diseases and the environments that influences them. The study of epidemiology covers a wide variety of diseases, including infectious, chronic, and neurological diseases, and even includes the study of injuries.
WORD FAMILY
epidemiology: epidemiologic, epidemiological, epidemiologist +/epidemiologic: epidemiologically/ epidemiologist: epidemiologists
USAGE EXAMPLES
The study in the American Journal of Epidemiology found no association of hearing loss with the long-term use of aspirin.
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Exactly a year ago, on 14 December 2015 The BMJ published a paper called “Zombie infections: epidemiology, treatment, and prevention.”
Science Magazine(Dec 14, 2016)
The value of precise disease tracking was baked into epidemiology from the start.
Nature(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: n. 流行病学
分布：流行病学(95%)，传染病学(5%)
[见上,-io-连接字母,-logy...学]流行病学[popul-人民;dem(o)人民]
n. [医] 流行病学；传染病学
 - infectious diseases, loimology

Word: episcopal
Front: episcopal
[ɪˈpɪskəpl] (7922/13035)
Back: adj. 主教的，主教制度的，英国国教的
分布：主教的(60%)，主教管辖的(27%)，新教圣公会的(13%)
→epi-, 在上，在中。-scope, 看，词源同telescope, spectator. 即照看，监管。bishop为其拼写异体。
[ɪ'pɪs.kə.pəl] formal
adjective
■of a bishop , or of a church which is directed by bishops 主教的；主教管辖的
adj. 主教的（副词episcopally）；主教管辖的；主教制度的；英国国教的
 - pontifical

Word: extortionate
Front: extortionate
[ɪkˈstɔ:ʃənət] (42375/24654)
Back: adj. 过高的，过分的，敲诈的
分布：过高的(42%)，敲诈的(31%)，勒索的(27%)
→ex-, 向外。-tort, 扭曲，词源同turn, contort. 即过高要求的。
US [-'stɔ:r-] disapproving
adjective
■extremely expensive （价格）过高的，过于昂贵的
• The price of books nowadays is extortionate. 现在书本的价格真的太高了。
adj. 敲诈的；勒索的；过高的
 - exorbitant, prohibitive

Word: errand
Front: errand
[ˈerənd] (六雅宝 9937/12341 -1)
Vocabulary: errand
(once / 422 pages)
n
An errand is a short trip to fulfill some small business. When you’re running errands, you’re making a bunch of these all at once.
The noun errand can refer to the mission of the trip itself. If the lines are always long at the bank, then banking may be your least favorite errand. If you are off on a wild goose chase, you may be out on a fool's errand. If you are taking food or clothing to someone in need, then you are on an errand of mercy.
WORD FAMILY
errand: errands
USAGE EXAMPLES
He used to slouch on the sofa when he was off from work, too tired to accompany Christa on errands.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Those range from neighbors helping each other by running errands or pet-sitting to organizing activities like book clubs and museum visits.
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
After his release, he told them he survived off small jobs — painting, running errands.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 差使; 差事; 使命
分布：差事(53%)，跑腿(26%)，差使(21%)
→来自ei, 走，离开。其现在分词ion, 过去分词it, 词源同exit, itinerary, 该词来自其拉丁语现在主动不完全格ire.
【记】err徘徊，跑－跑腿
【参】aberration（n 失常）
noun countable
■a short journey either to take a message or to take or collect something （短程）差事；跑腿
• I'll meet you at six, I've got some errands to do/run first. 我会在六点和你见面，我得先去办些事情。
['er.ənd] noun countable
errand of mercy literary
■an act of bringing help 救难扶困之举；雪中送炭
n. 使命；差事；差使
 - mission, message

Word: fracas
Front: fracas
['frækɑ:] (宝 25421/20725)
Vocabulary: fracas
(once / 7736 pages)
n
If your marching band gets into a fight with another school's pep squad, your principal might say the fracas was uncalled for and undignified. A fracas is a noisy quarrel.
Fracas comes from an Italian word meaning uproar or crash. Two people in a quiet little spat is not a fracas, but a schoolyard rumble definitely qualifies as one! Sometimes fracas means the large amount of outraged discussion that an event causes. Imagine the fracas if your school decided to ban sneakers!
VOCABULARY SHOUT-OUT
A Man You Don't Want to Meet in a "Fracas"
They could have called it a dustup. A run-in. Fisticuffs. A kerfuffle. (Or even the sesquipedalian batrachomyomachia.) But the BBC chose to use fracas in describing the event that led to the the suspension of Top Gear host Jeremy Clarkson, sending many of us to our dictionaries with the question, "What does that mean?" And, "How in the world do you pronounce it?"
The Daily Mirror took their dictionary consult one step further, calling in an expert testimonial from lexicographer Jonathon Green, who explained that yes, fracas means Clarkson punched someone.
[Green] said: "Most people would think it does imply some kind of fisticuffs, it is not just shouting at each other I would imagine.
"I assume it was probably some kind of fist fight. A fracas tends to be some kind of physical confrontation, it suggests something more than a verbal argument.
"You get a fracas between demonstrators and police, or between football supporters. Somebody has probably put a punch on somebody else's nose. I am of course talking generally.
"But it is not to the extent of murderous physical violence. The image I get is of a clash in the street."
Our blurb and usage tracker go a little deeper in providing a sense of when and how you ought to use this word. (Note: our usage examples, which come from all sorts of sources, have already been updated to include a reference to Clarkson's suspension.)
Now, to pronunciation. Is it FRAY-kus? FRACK-us? What about frack-AH? Believe it or not, all three are correct, though the first two are more common in American English (FRAY-kus is the one we supply as an audio clip on our Dictionary page) and the last one is more common in British English.
To understand why, take a look at the path the word traveled into English. The Online Etymological Dictionary informs us fracas first appeared in Italy as fracassare, meaning "to smash or break in pieces." It was formed via a combination of fra, "a shortening of the Latin infra- 'below,'" and "the Italian cassare 'to break,' from Latin quassare 'to shake.'" Fracas then made its way into French in the 15th century, and three hundred years later began showing up in English — the earliest recorded use is in 1727.
Thus it makes sense that the Brits, living as close to the continent as they do, maintain the French pronunciation in their speech, while Americans tend to say it like they see it, as we all do when pronouncing the "t" in DuPont, or the "s" when referring to the capital of France.
If that's offensive to the French, then let them fracas away.
WORD FAMILY
fracas: fracases
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It was a gimmick team,” Foster said, perhaps still charged up from the late-game fracas.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Markets didn’t react as poorly to the fracas as we predicted, but we maintain they may still.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Cells were damaged and two inmates were injured in a fracas involving around 40 prisoners.
Economist(Nov 24, 2016)
Back: n. 大声吵架
分布：吵闹(48%)，喧噪(33%)，纷扰(19%)
→来自意大利语fracassare, 粉碎，破碎，fra-, 在下，缩写自infra-, -cassare, 摇晃，破碎，词源同discuss, concussion. 引申词义争吵，打斗等。
【记】读：free咳嗽－一万人随便咳嗽－喧嚷
【参】fraction（n 小部分；片断＝scrap）；fracture（n 断裂；骨折）；fractional（adj 部分的；碎片的；小数的）
【反】peaceful situation（平静的状态）；peaceable discussion（平和的讨论）
US ['freɪ.kəs] noun only singular
■a noisy argument or fight 高声争吵；激烈打斗
• He was injured in a Saturday-night fracas outside a disco. 他星期六晚上在一家迪斯可舞厅外的一次斗殴中受了伤。
• The Prime Minister has joined the fracas over the proposed changes to the health service. 首相也加入到有关拟议中的医疗卫生服务改革的激烈争论中来了。
n. 吵闹；喧噪
 - row, sound

Word: fahrenheit

Word: frisson
Front: frisson
['fri:sɒ̃] (26568/19669)
Vocabulary: frisson
(once / 43454 pages)
n
A frisson is a thrilling shiver. Some people love roller coasters so much that they feel a frisson of excitement just looking at one.
You're just as likely to feel a frisson whether you're scared or excited; its meaning lies directly between thrill and fear. When you hear a scary sound in the basement late at night, and open the door to investigate, you might feel a frisson of fear as you start to descend the steps. The Latin root is frigere, "to be cold," and while a frisson is certainly shivery, its source is a thrill rather than a chill.
WORD FAMILY
frisson: frissons
USAGE EXAMPLES
I felt a frisson of panic run though my body.
Washington Post(Dec 05, 2016)
IT’S common practice for companies to inject new products with a frisson of dare by naming them for gutsy pursuits or enticing destinations.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Near the entrance to “Frisson,” Carol Rubin’s show at the Washington Studio School, is a painting of two fighting dogs.
Washington Post(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: n. <法>（因激动，恐惧等产生的）颤抖
分布：名词(100%)
→来自拉丁语frigere, 冷的，词源同frigid. 引申词义震颤及用于心理含义强烈兴奋感。
US [-'soʊn] noun countable usually singular
■a sudden feeling of excitement or fear, especially when you think that something is about to happen （尤指想到某事要发生时的）兴奋感，震颤，恐惧感
• As the music stopped, a frisson of excitement ran through the crowd. 乐曲终了，观众激动不已。
n. （法）颤抖；战栗
 - flesh-creep, shakiness

Word: frolic
Front: frolic
[ˈfrɒlɪk] (宝 24916/22881 -1)
Vocabulary: frolic
(once / 1137 pages)
vn
A frolic is a light-hearted, fun, often silly activity. To frolic is to cavort, romp, or run around — to have fun.
Ever see two puppies playing in the park, wrestling, chasing, and just having a ball with each other? You could say they're having a frolic or frolicking. When we frolic, we're having a fun time. Flying a kite, playing frisbee, skipping around, and having a picnic could be examples of frolics. If things are grim and serious, or you're in a bad mood, then it's tough to frolic. This is one of the happiest, most playful words in the dictionary.
WORD FAMILY
frolic: frolicing, frolicked, frolicking, frolics, frolicsome +/ frolicsome: frolicsomely, frolicsomeness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Three bears were captured on video frolicking in Lake Tahoe.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
At the far side of the pond we took a lunch break and let Ian frolic in the downy powder.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
There is no evidence yet that the Clinton campaign put Stern up to her feckless frolic.
Time(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: vi. 嬉戏
n. 嬉闹，嬉戏; 狂欢的聚会
adj. 嬉戏的; 快乐的
时态：frolicked, frolicking, frolics
分布：嬉戏(78%)，嬉戏的(17%)，欢乐的活动(5%)
→fro-, 青蛙。-lic, 像，词源同like. 即看起来像青蛙一样的，蹦蹦跳跳的。
【记】fr＝free，o，lic立刻：从一个O（学校）中lic立刻free出来－放假了－欢呼雀跃f飞，ro肉，lic：全身的肉都飞起来了－欢呼雀跃
【参】frolicsome（adj 爱闹着玩的；嬉戏的）
US ['frɑ:.lɪk] verb intransitive (frolicking, frolicked, frolicked)
■to behave in a happy and playful way 嬉戏，玩闹
• A group of suntanned children were frolicking on the beach. 一群晒得黝黑的孩子在海滩上嬉戏。
UK ['frɒl.ɪk] US ['frɑ:.lɪk] noun countable or uncountable old-fashioned
■happy and playful behaviour 嬉戏，玩闹
• a harmless frolic 无恶意的嬉闹
• It was all fun and frolics until it began to pour down with rain. 在下起倾盆大雨以前一直玩得很开心。
adj. 嬉戏的，欢乐的
 - larkish, festive
n. 嬉闹，嬉戏
 - playfulness, larkishness
vi. 嬉戏
 - spaniel

Word: gangland
Front: gangland
[ˈgæŋlænd] (30720/33260)
Back: n. 充斥盗匪的地区，黑社会
分布：黑社会(76%)，充斥盗匪的地区(12%)，黑社会的(12%)
→gang, 帮，伙。land ,土地，地盘。
noun uncountable
■the people and places involved in violent crime 黑社会，黑帮；歹徒充斥的地区
• a gangland feud/murder 黑社会争斗／凶杀
n. 黑社会；充斥盗匪的地区
 - underworld, mobdom

Word: gendarme
Front: gendarme
[ˈʒɒndɑ:m] (27011/27426)
Back: n. 宪兵，警官
分布：宪兵(100%)
→来自法语gens d’arms, 即men at arms.
n. （法）宪兵；近卫骑兵；警官
 - military policeman, carabinieri

Word: gaelic

Word: handiwork
Front: handiwork
[ˈhændiwɜ:k] (16037/21901)
Vocabulary: handiwork
(once / 2636 pages)
n
Handiwork is something that you've done, achieved, or made, especially with your own two hands. When you hold up a pair of mittens you just finished knitting, you're admiring your handiwork.
You can use the noun handiwork for the result of hard work, like a tidy, weeded and mulched garden or a handmade birdhouse. You can also look at something less positive, like a messy living room scattered with books that have been pulled from the shelves, and say to your two year-old cousin, "Is this your handiwork?" This word comes from the Old English handgeweorc, from hand and geweorc, "work."
WORD FAMILY
handiwork: handiworks
USAGE EXAMPLES
There’s no mistaking this one-two punch of a drink for the handiwork of a craft barman.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
It was the handiwork of Michael Curry, a special effects artist.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
The cathedral square is filled with tables, and servers scamper to keep the breeze from destroying their handiwork with the napkins.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 手工; 手工艺（品）; 结果; 行为
分布：手工艺(85%)，手工品(15%)
→hand,手，work,作品。
US [-wɝ:k] noun uncountable
■work done skilfully with the hands 手工制品
• Susannah put down the paintbrush and stood back to admire her handiwork. 苏珊娜放下画笔，后退几步，欣赏自己的画作。
■something that you have done or caused, usually something bad （某人的）所为（通常指坏事）
• "Is this your handiwork?" he asked, pointing at the graffiti on the wall. “这是你干的吧？”他指着墙上的涂鸦问道。
n. 手工艺； [工经] 手工制品；行为后果
 - handmade article

Word: hardworking
Front: hardworking
[hɑ:d'wɜ:kɪŋ] (高 -/18992)
Back: adj. 苦干的，不辞辛劳的; 用功; 昧旦晨兴; 刻苦
分布：勤奋的(70%)，努力工作的(30%)

Word: harvester
Front: harvester
[ˈhɑ:vɪstə(r)] (20058/21225)
Back: n. 收割庄稼的人，收割机
分布：收获者(60%)，采集机(40%)
US ['hɑ:r.vɪ.stɚ] noun countable
■a machine for harvesting crops 收割机
old use
■a person who harvests crops 收获者，收割工人
n. [农机] 收割机；收获者
 - reaper, cropper

Word: haughty
Front: haughty
[ˈhɔ:ti] (六托宝 19401/20226)
Vocabulary: haughty
(once / 399 pages)
adj
Someone who is haughty is arrogant and full of pride. When you're haughty, you have a big attitude and act like you're better than other people.
A haughty person acts superior and looks down on others. Haughty people are disdainful, overbearing, prideful, swaggering, and obnoxious. Acting amazed that others haven't heard of a hot new band is haughty. Speaking in a cocky or superior way is haughty. The word even sounds a little like its meaning: it's hard to say haughty without sounding like you have an attitude. If you're acting like others are beneath you, you're being haughty.
WORD FAMILY
haughty: haughtier, haughtiest, haughtily, haughtiness +/ haughtiness: haughtinesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ms. Huppert’s character, much like Ms. Breillat, is haughty and defiantly independent, but without fully realizing it, she is played for a sucker.
New York Times(Nov 16, 2016)
“You can’t keep dating him. He’s gay,” Tiffany says with haughty indifference.
New York Times(Nov 13, 2016)
She also played a haughty veteran stage star in the original 1980 Broadway production of “42nd Street.”
Washington Post(Nov 01, 2016)
Back: adj. 傲慢的，骄傲的; 目中无人的; 自大的
级别：haughtier, haughtiest
分布：傲慢的(62%)，自大的(29%)，骄傲的(9%)
→来自法语haut,高的，高等级的，来自拉丁语altus,高的，词源同altitude,exalt.插入字母h,字母l软化在u，拼写受height影响。由高的引申词义高傲的，傲慢的。
高傲的[haught=high(高)]
【记】haugh＝high高高在上的－傲慢自大的
US ['hɑ:.tˌi] adjective disapproving
■unfriendly and seeming to consider yourself better than other people 不友好的，傲慢的
• She has a rather haughty manner. 她的举止非常傲慢。
haughty, arrogant, vain, proud
这组词都有“骄傲的，傲慢的”的意思，其区别是：
haughty: 较正式用词，多用于贬义。指对身份或地位比自己低的人采取冷淡、轻视或鄙互的态度。
arrogant: 用于贬义，指过高估计自己，以致骄傲自大或傲慢无礼，目中无人。
vain: 指一个对自己的外表或对自己留给别的印象太过分地关注，以致自命不凡，自鸣得意。
proud: 含义广，普通用词。褒义指自豪和荣耀以及强烈的自尊；贬义则指傲慢，自以为是或自鸣得意。
adj. 傲慢的；自大的
 - arrogant, assuming

Word: homemade
Front: homemade
['həʊm'meɪd] (托 6251/19453)
Back: adj. （衣服、食品等）自家制的
分布：自制的(85%)，国产的(15%)
US [ˌhoʊm-] adjective
■made at home and not bought from a shop 家里自制的
• homemade bread/cakes 自制的面包／蛋糕
• homemade wine 自酿葡萄酒
adj. 自制的；国产的；像家里做的
 - continent, self-regulating

Word: hercules
Front: hercules
['hə:kjuli:z] (-/10708)
Back: [体]大力士
n. 力士；大力神；武仙座
 - Heracles

Word: homespun
Front: homespun
[ˈhəʊmspʌn] (托 21830/32743)
Vocabulary: homespun
(once / 3801 pages)
adjn
Something homespun has a simple, coarse feel, like your homespun plan to bring about world peace by giving everyone a daily spoonful of your aunt’s delicious strawberry jam.
Homespun literally means spun at home. If you spin the wool from your sheep into yarn, and then make a dress out of it, it won’t be as fine or precise as fabric spun in a factory. Back in the day when large portions of the population couldn't afford milled cloth, homespun fabric marked you as poor, or just a farmer living off the land. Today we use homespun to describe anything that seems homemade, simple, or folksy, from homespun linens to homespun philosophies of life.
WORD FAMILY
homespun: homespuns
USAGE EXAMPLES
Inside were trunks packed with perfectly preserved Victorian-age garments and goods, hand-sewn men’s shirts, painstakingly embroidered napkins and homespun baby clothes.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
The sequence epitomizes the scrappy resourcefulness of this production, whose homespun look and roughhousing energy are admirably suited to French writer Alfred Jarry’s landmark play.
Washington Post(Dec 14, 2016)
It’s faithful, but notable for its obvious materiality, the crisp lines of the fabric rendered rough and homespun by the artist’s hand.
The Guardian(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: n. 手织物，朴素的
adj. （尤指思想）朴素的，平常的; （布料）家纺的
分布：手织的(56%)，手织品(44%)
→home,家，spin,纺织。即家纺的，引申词义朴素的。
US ['hoʊm-] adjective
■(of beliefs, theories, etc.) simple and ordinary （信仰、理论等）简单朴实的，普通的
• homespun philosophy/wisdom 朴素哲学／智慧
adj. 朴素的，简朴的；手织的
 - plain, unadorned
n. 土布；手织品
 - folkweave

Word: iconoclastic
Front: iconoclastic
[aɪˌkɒnəˈklæstɪk] (宝 22103/33579)
Vocabulary: iconoclastic
(once / 14962 pages)
adj
The word iconoclastic is an adjective referring to a breaking of established rules or destruction of accepted beliefs. It might refer to an artist with an unorthodox style, or an iconoclastic attack, either physical or verbal, on a religious doctrine or image.
Consider the Greek word eikōn, or "image," coupled with -klastēs, "one who breaks," and you get a good image of someone who is iconoclastic. An iconoclastic approach to religion involves tearing down the icons representing the church. While this was once done physically, through riots and mayhem, today’s iconoclasts usually prefer using words. Not all iconoclasts are destructive, however. An iconoclastic approach to art and music has given rise to the development of new genres and styles through breaking the rules.
WORD FAMILY
iconoclastic: iconoclastically+/iconoclasm: iconoclasms, iconoclastic
USAGE EXAMPLES
How easily we fall into the trap of seeing female writers as either iconoclastically breaking free from gender roles, or damagingly swamped by them.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
He relates Ben’s iconoclastic lifestyle and eventual realization of his own need to change to basic questions of parenting and even civic participation.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The moral: Just because something is iconoclastic doesn’t mean it’s true.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 偶像破坏的，打破旧习的
分布：打破旧习的(77%)，破除因袭的(23%)
→来自iconoclast,反传统者。
US [-kɑ:.nə-] adjective
■strongly opposing generally accepted beliefs and traditions 反传统信仰的；反传统的
• His plays were fairly iconoclastic in their day. 他的戏剧在当时具有相当的反传统意味。
• iconoclastic views 反传统的观点

Word: ignominy
Front: ignominy
[ˈɪgnəmɪni] (宝 30079/32676)
Vocabulary: ignominy
(once / 1197 pages)
n
If you walk into class in your underwear, you'll know what the word ignominy means. Ignominy is a noun meaning great public shame, disgrace, or embarrassment, or a situation or event that causes this.
The shame can be major or minor: to suffer the ignominy of defeat/the ignominies of old age. When pronouncing this word, the main accent is on the first syllable, and the secondary accent is on the third syllable. Ignominy is from French ignominie, from Latin ignominia, formed from the prefix in- "no, not" plus nomen "a name." The corresponding English adjective is ignominious.
WORD FAMILY
ignominy: ignominies, ignominious +/ ignominious: ignominiously, ignominiousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
James Madison leans forward, seemingly bent on rescuing the Constitution from ignominy.
The New Yorker(Dec 24, 2016)
All recent South Korean presidents have ended their terms in ignominy, disgraced by scandals that often implicate their children as well.
New York Times(Oct 30, 2016)
That rout marked the end of several millennia of coexistence in northern Iraq, and the ignominy had burned ever since.
The Guardian(Oct 20, 2016)
Back: n. 耻辱，污辱
分布：屈辱(100%)
→ig-,不，非，-nom,名字，名声，词源同name,nominee.即不好的名声，耻辱，不名誉。此处in-异化成ig-属于矫枉过正。
不名誉;耻辱(ig+nomin+y)[nomin=name,表示"名称,名字"]
【记】ig不，nomin名声－名声不好－耻辱
【反】glory（n 荣誉；光荣）；honor（n 尊敬vt 尊敬）；esteem（n 尊重）；respect（n 尊敬；敬重）
['ɪg.nə.mɪ.ni] literary
noun uncountable
■public embarrassment 耻辱
• The Workers' Coalition experienced the ignominy of total defeat in the last election. 工人联盟在上次选举中蒙受了大败的耻辱。
n. 耻辱；不体面；丑行
 - opprobrium, stigma

Word: immutable
Front: immutable
[ɪˈmju:təbl] (18955/20103)
Vocabulary: immutable
(once / 2447 pages)
adj
If you can't change it, it's immutable. There are many things in life that are immutable; these unchangeable things include death, taxes, and the laws of physics.
The adjective immutable has Latin roots that mean "not changeable." The Latin prefix for not is in, but the spelling changes when the prefix is put before the consonant m. It is im before a root word starting with m as in immutable. If you learn this rule, you'll know the immutable fact that immutable begins with i-m-m.
WORD FAMILY
immutable: immutability, immutableness, immutably+/ mutability: mutabilities/ mutable: immutable, mutability, mutableness, mutably/ mute: mutable, muted, mutely, muteness, muter, mutes, mutest, muting/ muted: mutedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
But it is widely considered an immutable feature of our political system.
The Guardian(Dec 13, 2016)
One of the immutable rules of pop music is that boredom spurs progress.
Washington Post(Dec 01, 2016)
The court, meeting in closed session, unanimously accepted labor unions’ appeal of a decision that said government pensions were not “immutable” and could be trimmed.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 不可改变的
分布：不变的(57%)，不可变的(43%)
→im-,不，非，mutable,可改变的。
不变的(im+mutable可变的)[im-,in-①表示"不,无,非"②表示"向内,进入"]
不变的(im不+mut+able)[mut=change,表示"改变"]
【记】mutable（adj 易变的；性情不定的）
【参】mutation（n 变化；转变）；commute（v 交换；抵偿；减刑）
【反】variable（adj 可变的；易变的；变量的）
US [-tˌə-] formal
adjective
■not changing, or unable to be changed 永恒的；不可改变的
• an immutable law 永恒的法则
• Some people regard grammar as an immutable set of rules. 有些人认为文法是一套不可更改的规则。
adj. 不变的；不可变的；不能变的
 - constant, permanent, steady

Word: individualist
Front: individualist
[ˌɪndɪ'vɪdʒʊəlɪst] (20896/16854)
Vocabulary: individualist
(once / 9184 pages)
nadj
If you’re an individualist, you think for yourself and do things your own way — you have the individualist values of independence and creativity.
It is great to be an individualist, meaning you won't conform to social pressures — that is, unless a group of individualists is trying to come to mutual agreement about something. You may have heard of bands that break up because "creative differences" make them unable to write music together. Most likely, those differences are the result of individualist attitudes about how the music should sound.
WORD FAMILY
individualist: individualists+/ individual: individualise, individualism, individuality, individualize, individually, individuals/individualise: individualisation, individualised, individualises, individualising/ individualism: individualisms, individualist, individualistic / individualistic: individualistically/ individuality: individualities/individualization: individualizations/individualize: individualization, individualized, individualizes, individualizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
But he said the "liberal individualist" Trudeau and "communist revolutionary" Castro never found much ideological common ground.
BBC(Nov 28, 2016)
You could almost see it as a festival made in the image of the nation’s totemic individualist and experimentalist, Björk.
The Guardian(Nov 06, 2016)
People, he said, were now more individualist than before.
The Guardian(Oct 06, 2016)
Back: n. 个人主义者，利己主义者
分布：个人主义者(100%)
noun countable
■someone who is different or original 个人主义者；特立独行的人
n. 利己主义者，个人主义者
 - egoist

Word: ingratiate
Front: ingratiate
[ɪnˈgreɪʃieɪt] (宝 26257/32917)
Vocabulary: ingratiate
(once / 3213 pages)
v
To ingratiate is to make obvious efforts to gain someone's favor, in other words — to kiss up to someone.
Ingratiate has not strayed much from its Latin roots, in gratiam, (in plus gratia meaning "favor") which means "in favor" or "for the favor of." To ingratiate is to gain the favor of someone by doing lots of favors to the point of being a nudge. Like the teacher's pet who answers every question, stays after class to clean the chalkboard, and brings the teacher an apple every day. When you ingratiate yourself to people, you risk annoying them — like a little dog nipping at their heels.
WORD FAMILY
ingratiate: ingratiated, ingratiates, ingratiating, ingratiation, ingratiatory+/ ingratiating: ingratiatingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Hurts ingratiated himself with teammates and coaches from the moment he arrived, with both his talent and maturity.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
At the exact same time, he was palling around with and trying to ingratiate himself with both Nixon and Kissinger.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
And that Laird, whose inappropriateness and eager-puppy manner are at once offensive and ingratiating, belongs to a future that many of us are uncomfortable with.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vt. 讨好，谄媚
时态：ingratiated, ingratiating, ingratiates
分布：讨好(51%)，迎合(30%)，取悦(19%)
→in-,进入，使，-grat,致意，恩情，感谢，词源同congratulation,gratitude.即让别人感恩的，引申词义讨好，巴结。
迎合,讨好(in进入+grat+iate→使[别人]进入高兴→讨好[别人])[grat,gree=pleasing,表示"感激,高兴"]
【记】in使，grati高兴、感激，ate－使别人高兴或感激自己－讨好
[ɪŋ'greɪ.ʃi:.eɪt] disapproving
verb [R]
■to make someone like you by praising or trying to please them 讨好，奉承
• He's always trying to ingratiate himself with his boss. 他总是设法讨好老板。

Word: jiao
Front: jiao
[dʒaʊ] None
Back: n. <汉>角（中国货币单位）
分布：名词(100%)
n. 角（中国货币单位）
 - hao, angle, chiao, cornu

Word: lethargy
Front: lethargy
[ˈleθədʒi] (托宝 21103/19524 -1)
Vocabulary: lethargy
(once / 2228 pages)
n
Is your pet slug always this comatose, or is this display of lethargy unusual? The word lethargy describes inactivity or a lack of energy.
Lethargy comes from the Greek lethargos, originally meaning “inactive through forgetfulness.” Somewhere along the way, the word lost the implication of “forgetfulness” and just ended up hanging around in bed all day. Still, lethargy doesn’t necessarily imply laziness; it can be brought about by illness and may also describe a lack of strength. Other lethargic nouns include torpor, sluggishness, and languor.
WORD FAMILY
lethargy: lethargic, lethargies+/ lethargic: lethargically
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Rams offense, stricken by a chronic case of lethargy and ineffectiveness throughout the season, suffered another mild setback Wednesday:
Los Angeles Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Castro cannot tolerate such un-revolutionary lethargy and bangs around the machines trying to get them to work, animating the workers to take the initiative.
Salon(Nov 28, 2016)
The GED also reduces the need for students to take psychotropic drugs, which cause lethargy and obesity.
Washington Post(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: n. 昏睡; 没精打采; 懒洋洋; 嗜眠症
分布：昏睡(73%)，无精打采(15%)，倦怠(12%)
→来自希腊语lethargia,遗忘，忘却，lethe,忘记，词源同latent,Lethe,argos,无精神，来自a-,无，没有，-erg,工作，趋动，词源同work,synergy.即如同游魂，无精打采，冷漠。
昏睡(leth原意是" 忘川",喝了忘川水,一切都忘记)[leth=oblivion(遗忘)]
【反】vigor（n 精力；活力）
n. 昏睡；死气沉沉； [医] 嗜眠（症）
 - narcoma, hypnesthesia

Word: licensee
Front: licensee
[ˌlaɪsənˈsi:] (23069/16525)
Back: n. 售酒执照持有者（英式英语）; 特许制作（或使用）…的人（或公司）
分布：获许可的人(47%)，执照持有者(38%)，执有售酒许可证的人(15%)
[ˌlaɪ.sənt'si:] formal
noun countable
■a person who has official permission to do something, especially to sell alcoholic drinks （尤指获得酒类销售许可的）被许可人，执照持有人

Word: levant
Front: levant
[lɪ'vænt] (-/25736)
Back: vi. <主英>躲债，逃赌债
时态：levanted, levanting, levants
vi. 躲债；逃亡；躲避
 - avoid creditors, stay away from

Word: loony
Front: loony
[ˈlu:ni] (23675/20845 -1)
Vocabulary: loony
(once / 16671 pages)
adjn
Someone who's loony is nutty or wacky — it's a slang term for "crazy." Your loony aunt Mabel might prefer wearing a teddy bear costume when she goes to the grocery store.
Loony is an informal, derogatory term for mentally ill, but it can also mean silly or outrageous. You could say, "My parents are loony — they call me three times a day and are always sending me photos of their little dog dressed in doll clothes," or talk about the loony story you read for your book group. Loony is an American-coined word, short for lunatic and also referencing the cry of the bird called a loon.
WORD FAMILY
loony: loonier, loonies, looniest, loonily+/loon: loons, loony
USAGE EXAMPLES
“All the loonies are gathering under the banner of Putin, and now also Trump,” he said.
New York Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Local councillor Mark Suffield is standing as an independent while Peter Hill is standing for the Monster Raving Loony Party.
BBC(Nov 11, 2016)
“At least she’s not a loony like yours,” Khadim shot back, unruffled.
Khaled Hosseini, A Thousand Splendid Suns(2007)
Back: adj. 疯狂的; 发疯的
n. 疯子
级别：loonier, looniest
分布：疯子(51%)，疯狂的(41%)，=looney(8%)
→来自lunatic,发疯的。
['lu:.ni] informal
adjective
■silly or stupid 傻的，愚蠢的
• He had lots of loony ideas about education. 他对教育有很多愚蠢的看法。
adj. 发疯的；疯狂的
 - crazy, mad, bugs, possessed, bonzo
n. 疯子
 - nutcase, madman

Word: metadata
Front: metadata
['metədeɪtə] (28796/-)
Vocabulary: metadata
(once / 251475 pages)
n
Metadata is a collection of information, or data, that describes another set of data. In other words, metadata is "data about data." No kidding.
The classic example of metadata is a library's card catalog — it's a complete system of data that's all about another set of data, the books that library holds. Today you'll find that metadata is primarily digital, existing on web pages and in computer files. Metadata tells you things about the data it describes, often including what the data is for, when and where it was created, and who created it.
WORD FAMILY
metadata
USAGE EXAMPLES
The programs collected the telephone metadata records of millions of Americans and examined emails from overseas.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Seeking ways to expand law enforcement’s access to metadata and analytical innovations, with appropriate civil liberties safeguards, would be a good start.
Time(Dec 13, 2016)
The officials replied that the court order restricted the NSA to trace metadata of just three international terrorist organizations.
Slate(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 元数据
分布：名词(100%)

Word: nikko

Word: metaphysical
Front: metaphysical
[ˌmetə'fɪzɪkl] (宝 10851/10386 -1)
Vocabulary: metaphysical
(once / 1439 pages)
adj
Add the Greek prefix "meta-" (beyond) to the base "physical" (nature), and you get metaphysical — a near synonym to the Latin-based word "supernatural." Both concern phenomena that are outside everyday experience or knowledge.
The adjective metaphysical entered the English language through Aristotle, whose "Metaphysics" is a collection of treatises that follows his work, "Physics." "Physics" concerned natural philosophy, what we call science today, while "Metaphysics" dealt with more abstract questions about the reality beyond what we perceive with our senses. Look at a physical object, say an apple. At what exact point did that apple come into existence? If you eat it, does it cease to exist, or does it still exist but in a changed way? These are metaphysical questions.
WORD FAMILY
metaphysical: metaphysically+/ metaphysics: metaphysical
USAGE EXAMPLES
They condemned mainstream genetics as metaphysical, reactionary and idealist.
Salon(Dec 28, 2016)
A West imbued with similar metaphysical confidence today needn’t “fear other people and other religions.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 23, 2016)
He imbued clusters of vases and bottles with metaphysical heft.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. 形而上学的; 超自然的; 抽象的; （英国）玄学派诗歌或诗人的
分布：形而上学的(89%)，抽象的(11%)
ADJ
玄学的;形而上学的
Metaphysical means relating to metaphysics.
例：...metaphysical questions like personal responsibility for violence.暴力行为的个人责任这一类形而上学的问题
adj. 形而上学的；超自然的；玄学派诗歌的
 - transnatural, preternatural

Word: mu
Front: mu
[mju:] (-/16619)
Back: n. 希腊字母第12字
分布：希腊字母第12个字母(100%)
→字母M 对应的希腊字母。
n. 希腊语的第12个字母；微米
 - micro, mikron

Word: nestling
Front: nestling
[ˈnestlɪŋ] (宝 32342/42037)
Vocabulary: nestling
(once / 2767 pages)
n
A nestling is a baby bird that can't fly yet and tends to hang out in its — yes, you guessed it — nest. Nestlings have to be fed and cared for by their parents.
From the moment a baby bird hatches from its egg, it is a nestling — and it remains a nestling until it learns to fly, when it officially becomes a fledgling. Some people fondly refer to young children as nestlings too. This noun adds the diminutive ending -ling (as in gosling for baby goose) to nest.
WORD FAMILY
nestling: nestlings+/ nestle: nestled, nestles, nestling
USAGE EXAMPLES
This time, it opted instead to refurbish and expand its modernist campus, nestling the congregation’s future in the architecture of its past.
Slate(Dec 30, 2016)
All could be enjoyed while nestling in high-back bar stools of navy blue tufted velvet.
New York Times(Oct 10, 2016)
If all goes well, nestling turtles emerge from the sandy soil from late summer into autumn.
New York Times(Jul 08, 2016)
Back: n. （还不能离窝的）雏鸟
v. 舒适而温暖地安定下来( nestle的现在分词 ); 依偎; 温暖舒服地靠拢; 偎依
分布：婴孩(44%)，尚未离巢的小鸟(28%)，动词nestle的现在分词形式.(28%)
→nest,鸟巢，-ling,小词后缀。即还不能离巢的小鸟。
/'nest.lɪŋ] noun countable
■a young bird which has not yet learned to fly and still lives in the nest built by its parents （还不会飞的）雏鸟；未离巢的小鸟
n. 婴儿；未离巢的雏鸟
 - baby, infant

Word: pragmatical
Front: pragmatical
[præg'mætɪkl] None
Back: adj. 独断的
分布：实用主义的(51%)，独断的(33%)，=pragmatic(16%)
adj. 实用主义的；独断的
 - unauthorized, assertive

Word: presumptive
Front: presumptive
[prɪˈzʌmptɪv] (21220/27421)
Vocabulary: presumptive
(once / 6751 pages)
adj
Having a good reason to believe that something is true means that it is presumptive — you could call a person you assume will be nominated for school president the "presumptive nominee."
After an election, when the votes are still being counted but it's clear who the winner will be, reporters often talk about that person as the presumptive winner. And if a doctor were fairly certain you had strep throat, she might call it her presumptive diagnosis. The Latin root word is praesumptionem, which means "confidence or audacity."
WORD FAMILY
presumptive: presumptively+/presumable: presumably / presume: presumable, presumed, presumes, presuming, presumption, presumptive / presumption: presumptions, presumptuous / presumptuous: presumptuously, presumptuousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
May 6: Democratic National Committee, in a public statement following news that Mr. Trump was the presumptive Republican nominee.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Miller joined after Trump became the presumptive nominee.
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
“If the presumptive parent, in this case the non-biological mother, had been a man, they never would have gone after the sperm donor,” Baylor said.
Seattle Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 假定的
分布：假定的(66%)，根据推定的(26%)，可能的(8%)
→来自presumption,假设，假定。
adj. [数] 假定的；根据推定的
 - supposed, assumed

Word: oops
Front: oops
[ʊps] (13703/17053)
Back: int. 哎哟
分布：狼狈(34%)，哎呦（表示惊讶(33%)，很遗憾）(33%)
→感叹词，发出感叹的声音。比较whoops.
[u:ps] [ʊps] (also whoops) informal
exclamation
■an expression of surprise or feeling sorry about a mistake or slight accident （表示惊讶或后悔）哎哟
• Oops! I've typed two L's by mistake. 哎哟，我误打了两个 L。
int. 哎哟（表示惊讶，狼狈时所发的喊声）
 - strewth, ow

Word: proclivity
Front: proclivity
[prəˈklɪvəti] (托 18478/22984)
Vocabulary: proclivity
(once / 6169 pages)
n
A proclivity is a natural tendency to like something, such as your sister's proclivity for restaurants that serve hot, spicy food.
When you have a proclivity, it feels automatic — you like what you like; you don't even have to think about it. The origin of the word proclivity supports this feeling. Proclivity comes from the Latin word proclivis, which literally means "sloping forward." You slide toward a proclivity — no effort is needed. You just give in to it, since you're headed in that direction naturally.
WORD FAMILY
proclivity: proclivities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Wilson found Nabokov’s proclivity for punning intolerable and told him so repeatedly.
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
Often eschewing specific advice on how to write, he describes for the reader his own learning, proclivities and habits.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
And the public opposition might explain how the Liberals’ proclivity for consultations hasn’t extended to this matter.
The Guardian(Nov 22, 2016)
Back: n. 倾向，癖性
分布：倾向(67%)，癖性(33%)
→pro-,向前，-cliv,倾斜，词源同acclivity,lean.引申词义倾向，癖好。
倾向性,癖性(pro+cliv倾斜+ity→向前倾斜)[pro-①表示"向前,在前"②表示"很多…"③表示"赞同,亲..."]
倾向;癖好(pro预先＋cliv+ity→先斜好→癖好)[clin,cliv=lean,slope,表示"倾斜,斜坡"]
【记】pro向前，cliv斜坡，ity－向前斜－倾向
【参】acclivity（n 上斜坡）；declivity（n 下斜坡）
【反】aversion（n 厌恶）；antipathy（n 憎恶）；disinclination（n 厌恶）
US [-ə.tˌi] formal
noun countable
■a tendency to do or like something, especially something against moral laws 癖性；（尤指坏的）倾向
• the sexual proclivities of celebrities 名人的性癖好
• his proclivity for shapely blondes 他对身材匀称的金发女郎的偏爱
n. 倾向；癖性
 - tendency, liability, trend, preference, disposition

Word: professorial
Front: professorial
[ˌprɒfəˈsɔ:riəl] (22166/37806)
Vocabulary: professorial
(once / 13296 pages)
adj
When something is related to college professors — or reminds you of a professor — it's professorial. If you wear tweed blazers and tiny round glasses, someone might say you have a professorial clothing style.
A professorial sabbatical is a fancy name for a year that a professor takes off work to travel, do research, or write a book. And a professorial position might be "instructor" or "assistant professor." Many people also think of things like eyeglasses, tweed jackets with elbow patches, and offices in buildings covered in ivy as being professorial. The word stems from the Latin professor, "person who professes to be an expert."
WORD FAMILY
professorial: professorially+/ professor: professorial, professors, professorship/professorship: professorships
USAGE EXAMPLES
Most important, it gives professorial managers like Klopp and Conte more teaching time on the practice field, up to two bonus days a week.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 18, 2016)
David Banks is a professorial lecturer specialising in political history at the American University in Washington DC.
Time(Nov 17, 2016)
They would aim for the muscle that Tariq, in a professorial voice, called the deltoid.
Khaled Hosseini, A Thousand Splendid Suns(2007)
Back: adj. 教授的，学者派头的
分布：教授的(56%)，学者气派的(28%)，装做教授的(16%)
US [ˌprɑ:.fə'sɔ:r.i-] formal
adjective
■of or like a professor 教授似的
• He retains an almost professorial air. 他看起来颇有些教授的风度。
adj. 教授的；学者派头的；教授似的
 - scholarly

Word: prophesy
Front: prophesy
[ˈprɒfəsaɪ] (18635/15270)
Vocabulary: prophesy
(once / 931 pages)
v
The word prophesy can mean to predict or reveal something that will happen in the future. Many people use astrology to prophesy, or predict, their future regarding misfortune, wealth, love, and relationships.
Used as a verb prophesy can mean to deliver a sermon or predict through divine inspiration. A religious leader may prophesy to followers about good, evil, and forgiveness. In ancient Greece, an oracle would prophesy the Greek's future regarding the gods, war, and harvest. Using a crystal ball, a fortuneteller will prophesy, or reveal, aspects of your future such as wealth, love, and death.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
prophecy / prophesy
One letter separates prophecy from prophesy, and the close relationship is derived from a shared word history.
A prophecy is a prediction or an utterance from a prophet inspired by his god. It entered English before 1200 with two spellings: prophecie and prophesie. It was borrowed from the Old French prophetie/prophecie/prophesie, which originated in Late Latin and Greek.
Some psychological professionals swear by the power of the self-fulfilling prophecy.
What are your thoughts on how Egypt relates to biblical prophecy?
To think that such a rodent has these abilities of prophecy!
To prophesy is to predict something or to utter something inspired by one's god. It pops up in English in about 1350 as prophecien and prophesien, coming through the Old French prophecier.
But we want to know why you do not prophesy like other prophets, especially on the political situation of Nigeria or at the beginning of the year?
I prophesy that the GOP will lie right through its teeth in 50 years and take credit for the "Affordable Health Care" law.
"Ryan Seacrest will be mine someday," prophesied 17-year-old Courtney Penry of Missouri City, Texas, when American Idol auditions touched down in Austin.
Until 1700, the noun and the verb were spelled the same. However, the differentiated spelling may be disappearing already. Garner's Modern American Usage notes that prophesy for prophecy is at stage 3 of language change: it's common even among educated speakers and writers.
WORD FAMILY
prophesy: prophesied, prophesier, prophesies, prophesying+/prophesier: prophesiers
USAGE EXAMPLES
As we approach the finish line that isn’t, Trump prophesies a “constitutional crisis.”
Seattle Times(Nov 05, 2016)
Could political lightning strike twice, and prove Trump’s Brexit prophesy true?
Washington Post(Oct 30, 2016)
Coming off of Morrowind, where it’s prophesied that you’re walking in the feet of a legendary hero, we did Oblivion.
Time(Oct 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 预告，预言
时态：prophesied, prophesying, prophesies
分布：预言(80%)，预报(20%)
→动词，来自prophecy拼写变体。词性差别比较device,devise.
US ['prɑ:.fə-] verb intransitive or transitive
■to say that you believe something will happen in the future 预言
• Few could have prophesied this war. 几乎没有人预言会发生这场战争。
• [+ that] He prophesied that the present government would only stay four years in office. 他预言说现任政府只能维持四年。
• [+ question word] I wouldn't like to prophesy wh at will happen to that marriage! 我不愿意预言那桩婚姻将来会如何发展！
vt. 预言；预告
 - predict, prognosticate
vi. 预言；预报；传教
 - soothsay, advance information

Word: refrigerate
Front: refrigerate
[rɪˈfrɪdʒəreɪt] (托 8533/24362 -1)
Vocabulary: refrigerate
(once / 1608 pages)
v
To refrigerate something is to preserve it by keeping it cool. A gallon of milk might last a week if you refrigerate it, but it will be spoiled after a day or so if you leave it on the kitchen counter.
At home, you refrigerate things all the time by keeping them in your refrigerator. If there's no refrigerator available, people can refrigerate things by storing them in coolers or outside in the cold months of the year. A recipe for cookies might instruct you to refrigerate them for an hour before baking them — all you have to do is put the baking sheet in the fridge. Refrigerate shares a Latin root with frigid.
WORD FAMILY
refrigerate: refrigerated, refrigerates, refrigerating, refrigeration, refrigerator +/refrigeration: refrigerations/ refrigerator: refrigerators
USAGE EXAMPLES
“All these refrigerated containers, and meanwhile people are waiting in food lines each week just to buy a single chicken,” Arteaga said.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
For best results, allow the lasagna to cool completely and refrigerate overnight.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
“All these refrigerated containers, and meanwhile people are waiting in food lines each week just to buy a single chicken,” he said.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 冷藏; 冷冻
时态：refrigerated, refrigerating, refrigerates
分布：使冷冻(50%)，使冷藏(50%)
→re-,再，重新，-frig,冷的，冰冻的，词源同 frigid,fridge.
使冷,冷冻(re再+friger+ate→再次冷→冷冻)[frig,friger=cold,表示"冷"]
US [-ɚ.eɪt] verb transitive
■to make or keep something, especially food or drink, cold so that it stays fresh, usually in a fridge （通常指在冰箱中）冷藏，冷冻，保鲜（尤指食物饮料）
• Fresh orange juice should be refrigerated after opening and drunk within three days. 新鲜橘子汁开瓶后应冷藏，并应在三天内喝完。
vt. 冷藏，冷冻；使冷却；使清凉
 - chill

Word: regina

Word: quay
Front: quay
[ki:] (宝 22357/8907 -1)
Vocabulary: quay
(once / 1138 pages)
n
You know that wharf on the bank of the river where all the boats park? It's not an aqua parking lot. It's called a quay.
When you visit France and take a walk beside the wharves where boats dock and unload passengers, you can say you've been strolling along the quays of the Seine. The English spelling of this word was originally key, and that's one way to pronounce it even today, an alternative to "qway." Quay comes from the Old North French cai, "sand bank."
WORD FAMILY
quay: quays
USAGE EXAMPLES
The BNF keeps vigil over a riverbank that’s vibrant with life once again as Parisians reclaim the quays once monopolized by industry.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
The driving instructor said she had no memory of the fatal manoeuvre on the A483 road between Welshpool and Pool Quay last March.
BBC(Nov 29, 2016)
Sit outside Harbour Quay at a picnic table next to the colorful flower planters and enjoy the mountain and water views.
Washington Post(Nov 17, 2016)
Back: n. 码头，埠头
分布：码头(100%)
→来自中古英语key,码头，来自kagh,抓住，围住，包围，词源同haw,hedge.
【记】qu去，a，y外（国）：想去外国需要上码头。
noun countable
■a long structure, usually built of stone, where boats can be tied up to take on and off their goods 泊岸，码头
n. [水运] 码头
 - landing, pier, shipside

Word: racetrack
Front: racetrack
[ˈreɪstræk] (15151/25613)
Back: n. 跑道，赛马场，赛车场
分布：赛马场(54%)，跑道(46%)
noun countable
■a path or road, usually circular and with a hard surface, on which runners, cars or bicycles, etc. race, or the whole area in which this path is situated, including buildings （通常指圆形、地面较硬的）跑道，赛道；（包括建筑物等设施的）比赛场，赛马场，赛车场
mainly US for * racecourse
n. 跑道；赛马场
 - runway, lanes

Word: renown
Front: renown
[rɪˈnaʊn] (宝 18742/20473)
Vocabulary: renown
(once / 1025 pages)
n
Renown is fame and acclaim — the kind of celebrity that most people only dream about. Renown is not only about celebrity, though; it also means being highly respected in one's field.
Actors, musicians, and artists practice their art, sometimes for many years, to gain the kind of renown, or fame, that will launch their faces onto the covers of magazines and make their name known in every household. Greta Garbo, Luciano Pavarotti, and Salvador Dali all became renowned in their respective fields. They won numerous awards, and who isn't familiar with their names? Even things or places can achieve renown if they offer something worth celebrating. An ice cream parlor can become renowned for its incredible mint chip ice cream, or a bank can be renowned for its excellent customer service.
WORD FAMILY
renown: renowns
USAGE EXAMPLES
The British mystery writer’s second husband, Max Mallowan, was an archaeologist — respected in his field, but with nowhere near the renown of his older wife.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Yet analysts said the IMF itself may not share Lagarde’s renown.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Versatile performer who gained his greatest renown as the beloved dad on the sitcom “Growing Pains.”
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 名望，声誉; 威名; 声威
分布：名望(48%)，声誉(41%)，使有名望(11%)
→来自盎格鲁法语 renoun,名声，来自古法语 renomer,使著名，来自 re-,表强调，-nom,名字，词 源同 name,noun.
[rɪ'naʊn] formal
noun uncountable
■the state of being famous 名誉；声望；声誉
• a woman of great renown 极富名望的女性
• Her renown spread across the country. 她的名声传遍了全国。
renown, honour, fame, glory, reputation
这组词都有“名声，名誉”的意思，其区别是：
renown: 指远近闻名的声誉。
honour: 侧重指因高尚的举止，忠心或诚实而受到公众钦佩和崇敬，得到好名声和荣誉。
fame: 普通用词，含义广，一般指好名声，可大可小，可远可近。
glory: 指因功绩卓著而获得的令人称颂的光荣或荣誉地位。
reputation: 通常指熟悉某人或某地的人对该人、该地的看法，可好可坏。
n. 声誉；名望
 - prestige, fame

Word: reverberation
Front: reverberation
[rɪˌvɜ:bəˈreɪʃn] (20313/22079)
Vocabulary: reverberation
(once / 5584 pages)
n
A reverberation is an echoing sound. When you bang on a big piece of metal, you can hear the reverberation even after you stop banging.
The repeating, often low, booming sound that follows the strum of an electric guitar or the thump of a drumstick on a cymbal is called reverberation. It's frequently described as sound that lingers beyond the original noise. You can also use the word to describe something else that lingers, like a feeling or an effect: "The reverberations of the war lasted for decades." Originally, reverberation was "reflection of light or heat," from the Old French reverberacion, "great flash of light."
WORD FAMILY
reverberation: reverberations+/ reverberate: reverberated, reverberates, reverberating, reverberation, reverberative
USAGE EXAMPLES
This time there were few words from Gurley, leading to a different kind of reverberation.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 12, 2016)
The election of Donald Trump as president of the United States is the biggest political earthquake of our times, and its reverberations are inescapably global.
The Guardian(Dec 08, 2016)
Like the others, it’s a painting with deep, enduring reverberations.
New York Times(Nov 24, 2016)
Back: n. 反响; 回响; 反射; 反射物
分布：反响(58%)，反射(33%)，余韵(9%)
US [-ˌvɝ:.bə'reɪ-] noun
SOUND 声音
countable usually plural uncountable literary
■a sound that lasts for a long time and makes things seem to shake 回响，回荡
• She felt the reverberation(s) in her chest and cursed the drilling outside. 室外的电钻声震得她心肺难受，她不由得咒骂起来。
UK [rɪˌvɜ:.bər'eɪ.ʃən] US [-ˌvɝ:.bə'reɪ-] noun
EFFECTS 影响
reverberations [plural]
■effects which spread and affect a lot of people 震撼；产生广泛影响
• This move is likely to have reverberations throughout the health service. 这一举措很可能会在整个医疗卫生服务系统产生巨大影响。
n. [声] 混响；反射；反响； [自] 回响
 - reflection, resonance

Word: saline
Front: saline
[ˈseɪlaɪn] (托雅 14408/10902)
Vocabulary: saline
(once / 3874 pages)
adjn
Saline is an adjective that means "salty." While "salty" is a perfectly good word to use when describing French fries or tears, saline tends to be a word you might hear in a more official setting, like in a hospital or in a geology class.
If you watch a lot of hospital dramas on TV, you have definitely heard the exclamation, “Nurse, the patient needs an IV saline solution, stat!” because sick people in hospitals tend to get saline solutions to keep them hydrated. Saline mostly has a scientific meaning; it is not usually used to mean salty tasting. If you want to get really scientific, salt is actually called sodium chloride, but "sodium chloride pretzels" would probably not fly off the grocery store shelves.
WORD FAMILY
saline: desalinise, salines, salinity +/desalinise: desalinisation/ salinity: salinities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Saline County jail records show she’s being held without bond and do not list an attorney for her.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
After her arrival, they began flushing the wound with a saline solution and treating it with antibiotic ointments, but the lesion wouldn’t heal.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Once the new vaccines were ready, Dr Janda injected mice either with one of them or with a saline solution to act as a control.
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 含盐的，咸的
n. 盐湖，盐泉; 盐溶液
分布：盐湖(50%)，含盐的(23%)，咸的(23%)，生理盐溶液(4%)
→来自通俗拉丁语*salamen,盐渍物，来自 sal,盐，词源同 salt.-ine,形容词后缀。
含盐的(sal+ine)[sal=salt表示"盐"]
['seɪ.laɪn] specialized
noun uncountable
■a liquid mixture of salt and pure water, which helps to kill bacteria or can be used to replace liquid lost from the body 生理食盐水
• a saline drip 生理盐水点滴
['seɪ.laɪn] specialized
adjective
■containing or consisting of salt 含盐的
• saline deposits/springs 盐类沉积／盐泉
• saline solution 含盐溶液
adj. 盐的；含盐分的
 - salted
n. [地理] [水文] 盐湖；碱盐泻药
 - Playas

Word: relegation
Front: relegation
[ˌrelɪ'ɡeɪʃn] (36547/9343)
Back: n. 驱逐，贬黜; 降级
分布：降级(98%)，降职(2%)
[ˌrel.ɪ'geɪ.ʃən] UK
noun uncountable
■the act of moving a football team to a lower division （足球队的）降级
• Southampton face relegation if they lose again. 如果南安普敦队再输掉比赛的话，就要面临降级的命运。
n. 贬谪；驱逐；移交；归属
 - exclusion, expulsion

Word: sensual
Front: sensual
[ˈsenʃuəl] (宝 10089/11894 -1)
Vocabulary: sensual
(once / 885 pages)
adj
Sensual means physically pleasing. It often is used in a sexual context, but is not exclusively sexual in meaning.
Sensual has to do with the five senses, but it comes with a hint of lewdness, a suggestion of sex. Although you could have a sensual meal or experience that doesn’t involve romance, if you want a word that refers to the five senses without any unsavory connotations, use its cousin sensuous.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
sensual / sensuous
The words sensual and sensuous are often used interchangeably, but careful writers would do well to think before using one or the other.
The terms share the root sens-, which means to arouse the senses. Sensual has referred to gratifying carnal, especially sexual, senses since before 1425. Sensuous is believed to have been created by John Milton in 1641 to mean relating to the senses instead of the intellect without the sexual connotation. Let's look at some examples that use our pair strictly:
Designer Zac Posen sent out sensual cancan girls straight out of a vintage Paris revue.
Every once in awhile Pauline will recreate one of the sensuous feasts she and Luciano used to serve to guests seated around a shared table.
Today, though, many writers will use the words interchangeably:
Heat and dust Delhi's sensual overload tests tourists, athletes
The way she gazes into his face, we are privileged to get a glimpse of a subtle and sensuous erotica.
It's a shame to lose these shades of meaning. When you use sensuous, do you mean to include sexual undertones? Are those undertones absent when you use sensual? Your readers will only know if you choose your words wisely.
WORD FAMILY
sensual: sensualest, sensualise, sensualism, sensuality, sensualize, sensually, sensualness+/sensualise: sensualised, sensualises/sensualism: sensualisms, sensualist/sensualist: sensualists/sensuality: sensualities/sensualize: sensualized, sensualizes, sensualizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
These include the Ukraine – what was then Cossack-ravaged Poland, where Babel was an embedded correspondent – and Paris, which animated his sensual side.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 01, 2016)
“It has introspection. And it flows in a sensual way, and that’s what those chords did.”
New York Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Before gangster rap became the ubiquitous soundtrack of Los Angeles, Egyptian Lover’s sensual electro-rap was one of the defining sounds of the city.
New York Times(Nov 24, 2016)
Back: adj. 感觉的; 肉欲的，肉体上的; 色情的，淫荡的; 世俗的
分布：肉欲的(37%)，感官的(28%)，感觉论的(15%)，世俗的(13%)，色情的(7%)
→来自 sense,感官，-al,形容词后缀。引申词义感官的，肉欲的。
adjective
■expressing or suggesting physical, especially sexual, pleasure or satisfaction 感官的；（尤指）肉欲的，愉悦肉体的，满足肉欲的
• sensual pleasure 肉体之乐
• a sensual mouth/voice 性感的嘴唇／声音
• He is elegant, sensual, conscious of his body. 他优雅、性感，很在意自己的身材。
adj. 感觉的；肉欲的；世俗的；感觉论的
 - lay, mundane

Word: serpent
Front: serpent
[ˈsɜ:pənt] (六 11649/12490 -1)
Vocabulary: serpent
(once / 367 pages)
n
A serpent is a snake. If you keep a serpent as a pet, you may have to get used to feeding it live mice.
While you're probably more likely to use the word snake for this slithery reptile, serpent tends to be the word that shows up in folk tales and mythology. Serpents have represented qualities ranging from evil to fertility to poison throughout history, and even today the symbol of medicine is a staff entwined by a serpent. The Latin root is serpentem, "creeping thing," from serpere, "to creep."
WORD FAMILY
serpent: serpents
USAGE EXAMPLES
Of course, as if the Serpent himself were conducting the interview, the questions were slyly adorned with luring compliments.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Born just four months ago, the endangered serpents are among 50 newborns now in the Los Angeles Zoo’s care.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
In Geneva Lake, witnesses saw a creature described as a giant scale-covered sea serpent as recently as the 20th century, Lewis said.
Washington Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. 蛇; 狡猾的人
分布：蛇(96%)，狡猾的人(3%)，蛇一般的人(1%)
→来自古法语 serpent,蛇，来自拉丁语 serpens,蛇，爬行生物，来自 serpere,爬行，来自 serp, 爬行，词源同 herpetology,herpes.
US ['sɝ:-] old use
noun countable
■a snake 蛇
n. [脊椎] 蛇（尤指大蛇或毒蛇）；狡猾的人
 - snake, fox

Word: screenplay
Front: screenplay
[ˈskri:npleɪ] (9412/22955 -1)
Back: n. 电影剧本，剧本
分布：剧本(74%)，电影剧本(26%)
→screen,电影，play,剧本。
noun countable
■the text for a film, including the words to be spoken by the actors and instructions for the cameras 电影剧本
• Who wrote/did the screenplay for/of/to the film 'Chariots of Fire'? 《火战车》这部电影的剧本是谁写的？
n. 编剧，剧本；电影剧本
 - drama, scenario

Word: sinecure
Front: sinecure
[ˈsɪnɪkjʊə(r)] (宝 38595/35033)
Vocabulary: sinecure
(once / 6495 pages)
n
If you have a cushy job — one that pays, but involves minimal work — then you have a sinecure. "Because he was the brother of the CEO, he was offered a sinecure in the company: he showed up each day and collected a pay check, but others actually did his work."
The noun sinecure comes from the Latin root words sine cura meaning "without care." It originally was used to describe a church position that did not include caring for the souls of parishioners, but that meaning is considered archaic now. The word is now usually associated with political appointments.
WORD FAMILY
sinecure: sinecures
USAGE EXAMPLES
Finally, the party chairmanship has become a part-time sinecure for politicians on their way up or down, not a full-time position for a professional organizer.
The Guardian(Nov 18, 2016)
Fewer of the public sinecures that have sustained earlier generations are available, with plans for deeper cuts.
New York Times(Oct 13, 2016)
In the last year, several key allies and longtime associates of Putin have been dismissed or transferred to sinecures similar to Ivanov’s.
Los Angeles Times(Aug 12, 2016)
Back: n. 工作清闲但报酬优厚的职位，挂名的好差事
分布：挂名职务(75%)，闲差事(25%)
→来自拉丁短语 beneficium sine cura,不用履行牧师职责的圣俸职务，来自 beneficium,圣俸，即 benefice,sine,无，没有，cura,关心，关切，即 cure.后词义通俗化为挂名，闲职，吃空饷。
【记】sine＝sin罪孽，e，cure关心－只关心罪孽的职位，原指：领干薪的牧师职位，一个与教士的精神职责无关的职位，只要不犯错就行－闲职
【反】arduous employment（费力的职业）
US ['saɪ.nə.kjʊr] disapproving
noun countable
■a position which involves little work, but for which the person is paid 坐领干薪的职位，闲职 ，冗职

Word: shetland

Word: shawn
Front: shawn
[ʃɔ:n] (-/46940)
Back: n. [男子名] 肖恩
分布：肖恩(m(100%)

Word: speechwriter
Front: speechwriter
['spi:tʃˌraɪtə] (18422/-)
Back: n. 演讲稿撰写人
分布：演讲稿撰写人(100%)
N-COUNT
演讲稿撰写人
A speechwriter is a person who writes speeches for important people such as politicians.

Word: speedboat
Front: speedboat
[ˈspi:dbəʊt] (22136/25833)
Back: n. 高速游艇
分布：快艇(100%)
US [-boʊt] noun countable
■a small boat which has a powerful engine and which travels very fast 快艇
n. 快艇；高速游艇
 - mosquito craft

Word: stow
Front: stow
[stəʊ] (12242/15825 -1)
Back: vt. 装，装载; 收藏; 使暂停; 堆装
时态：stowed, stowing, stows
分布：装载(48%)，装填(26%)，储藏(26%)
→来自古英语 stow,地点，地方，位置，来自 Proto-Germanic*stowo,地方，放置处，来自 sta, 站立，建立，词源同 stand,stall.
US [stoʊ] verb transitive
■to store something 储存，储藏
• There's a big cupboard under the stairs for stowing toys. 楼梯下有一个很大的壁橱，用于储藏玩具。
UK [stəʊ] US [stoʊ] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  stow away
■to hide on a ship, aircraft or other vehicle in order to escape from a place or to travel without paying （藏在船只、飞机或其他交通工具上）无票偷乘，偷渡
UK [stəʊ] US [stoʊ] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] stow (sth) away
■to put something in a safe place so that it can be used in the future 妥善放置，把…收好
• I think I'll stow the camping equipment away in the loft until next summer. 我想我会把露营装备妥善存放在阁楼，明年夏天再用。
vt. 装载；收藏；使暂留；堆装
 - onload, charge up

Word: stunning
Front: stunning
[ˈstʌnɪŋ] (研托宝 5045/6073 -2)
Vocabulary: stunning
(once / 1357 pages)
adj
Someone who is strikingly beautiful can be described as stunning. There's something magical about weddings that makes every bride look stunning.
The adjective stunning also means causing astonishment, shock, or disbelief. If your basketball team suffers a stunning defeat, it comes at the hands of a rival team you were positive you would beat. Stunning is rooted in the Old French verb estoner, meaning to stun or shock, and it was used in the 1800s as a synonym for excellent. It's still used this way, particularly when something is really impressive, like the school mime troupe's stunning performance.
WORD FAMILY
stunning: stunningest, stunningly+/ stun: stunned, stunner, stunning, stuns/stunner: stunners
USAGE EXAMPLES
For the Seahawks, though, this season marked a somewhat stunning change in offensive personality.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Floral patterns abound, on stunning floor-length gowns and crisp suit jackets.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
There are stunning vistas of rugged, bucolic coastal inlets.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 令人晕倒（吃惊）的，震耳欲聋的; 极好的，出色的; 令人震惊的
v. 击晕(stun的现在分词)
分布：令人震惊的(85%)，极漂亮的(15%)
→stun,使震惊，-ing,形容词后缀。
adjective
BEAUTIFUL 漂亮的
 ADVANCED
■extremely beautiful or attractive 极漂亮的，极迷人的
• a stunning dress 漂亮的连衣裙
• a stunning view over the bay of Saint Tropez 俯瞰圣特罗佩湾的迷人景色
['stʌn.ɪŋ] adjective
SHOCKING 震惊的
■shocking or very impressive 震惊；惊讶
• All the ideas have a stunning simplicity. 所有想法都简单得出奇。
adj. 极好的；使人晕倒的；震耳欲聋的
 - wonderful, excellent, famous, super, great

Word: tatty
Front: tatty
[ˈtæti] (宝 36118/20166)
Back: adj. <口>破烂的; 衣衫褴褛的; 粗糙的; 低劣的
级别：tattier, tattiest
分布：不整洁的(47%)，简陋的(31%)，破烂的(13%)，廉价艳丽的(9%)
→来自 tatter,破衣烂衫。
【记】读：拖地，工作是拖地的人是衣衫褴褛的
【参】tattered（adj 破烂的；褴褛的）；tatter（n 碎布）
【反】smart（adj 巧妙的；聪明的；漂亮的）
US ['tæ-] adjective
■old and in bad condition 破旧的，破烂的
• tatty old jeans 破旧的牛仔裤
adj. 不整洁的；不值钱的；破旧的
 - cheap, shot

Word: tarpaulin
Front: tarpaulin
[tɑ:ˈpɔ:lɪn] (宝 26124/20808)
Back: n. 防水帆布，防水帆布罩
分布：防水衣(40%)，防水帽(33%)，涂焦帆布(27%)
→改写自 tar,柏油，pall,帆布，-ing,集合名词后缀。 tarragon 龙蒿
【记】读：它破淋，它破了你就会被淋着！－防水布
US [tɑ:r'pɑ:-/ (US usually tarp)
noun countable or uncountable
■(a large piece of) heavy waterproof cloth used as a covering 柏油帆布，（防水）油布；篷帆布
n. 柏油帆布；防水帽；防水衣；涂焦油防水布
 - rainwear

Word: tact
Front: tact
[tækt] (六托宝 17499/13954 -1)
Vocabulary: tact
(once / 611 pages)
n
To talk carefully without hurting anyone’s feelings, that’s tact. Politicians have tact, which makes them good at speaking about sensitive matters without making fools of themselves. At least, sometimes they have tact.
Around a friend who’s afraid of snakes, you use tact when talking about reptiles because you don’t want to upset them. The Latin root word tangere means “touch,” and a person with tact avoids touching dangerous words like they are an electric fence. When you say something without tact, you “put your foot in your mouth,” as the phrase goes. You don’t literally put your foot in your mouth, although if you did you’d avoid offending people with words.
WORD FAMILY
tact: tactful, tactless, tacts+/ tactful: tactfulest, tactfully, tactfulness, untactful/ tactless: tactlessly, tactlessness/untactful: untactfully
USAGE EXAMPLES
Huffman apologized for taking a different tact last week by modifying the posts of some users who were harassing him in the forum.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
The letter cited a passage from the agency’s code of conduct that instructs employees to exercise “courtesy and tact” in dealing with workers and supervisors.
Washington Post(Nov 30, 2016)
It is a protocol of tact and diplomacy that has not recently been tested in the western world.
The Guardian(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 机智，机敏; 老练，圆滑; [乐]拍子; 〈罕〉触觉
分布：机智(89%)，手法(11%)
→来自拉丁语 tactus,触摸，感觉，感知，来自 tangere,触摸，碰，词源同 tangent,contact.
机智;圆滑(和人接触的能力)[tact,tag,tig,ting=touch表示"接触"]
【记】源于：tactic（n 策略；战略），有tactic的人tact
noun uncountable
■the ability to say or do the right thing without making anyone unhappy or angry （处事、言谈等的）得体，乖巧，机敏；外交手腕
• He's never had much tact and people don't like his blunt manner. 他从来不懂甚么处事技巧，大家都不喜欢他那生硬的态度。
n. 机智；老练；圆滑；鉴赏力
 - wits, wittiness

Word: tiller
Front: tiller
[ˈtɪlə(r)] (20352/13311)
Vocabulary: tiller
(once / 2399 pages)
1n 2n 3nv
The tiller is what steers a boat — specifically, the handle attached to the rudder. Tillers are generally found on smaller boats because it would take too much force to steer larger ships with hand tillers.
If you have never been on a sailboat before, it may take you a few minutes to figure out how to move the tiller to smoothly steer the boat because you might move the tiller in the opposite direction that you want the boat to go. If you want the bow of the boat to go starboard (right), for example, you need to move the tiller to the port side (left) and vice versa. Rapid back and forth movement on the tiller helps create drag and slows the boat.
WORD FAMILY
tiller: tillered, tillering, tillers+/ till: tillable, tillage, tilled, tiller, tilling, tills/tillage: tillages/tilled: untilled/tilling: tillings
USAGE EXAMPLES
"Extraordinary," she said, crediting White House staffer Jeff Tiller with proposing the light display.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 21, 2016)
“Rigor is the tiller on your boat,” she said.
New York Times(Nov 24, 2016)
Perhaps his deft presidential touch on the tiller of the ship of state will soon have the United States sailing toward greatness.
Washington Post(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: n. <植>分蘖; （小船的）舵柄; 耕种者; 耕作机
vi. 长出分蘖
时态：tillered, tillering, tillers
分布：分蘖(44%)，舵柄(37%)，农夫(16%)，从根部张幼芽(3%)
→来自古法语 tilier,弓弩的握柄，织工织布的把手，来自拉丁语 tela,网，织布机，来自 teks-la, 来自*teks,编织，纺织，词源同 texture,toiletry.后引申词义小船的舵柄，拼写比较 regulate,rule. 另一词义农夫来自 till,耕地，犁地。
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■a long handle fixed to and used to turn a rudder (= blade at the back of a boat used to control the boat's direction) 舵柄
n. [船] 舵柄；农夫
 - farmer, sodbuster

Word: subculture
Front: subculture
[ˈsʌbkʌltʃə(r)] (12772/17415)
Vocabulary: subculture
(once / 24988 pages)
n
A subculture is a group of people within a larger culture, such as a country, who have something in common. They might share religious or political beliefs or be science fiction fans, for example.
A culture is how people live, sometimes based on where they live — you can refer to American culture, Canadian culture, or to an Australian culture. Within these larger cultures, there are also subcultures of many sizes. The Native American community is a subculture, as is the Mormon community. Also, subcultures can be based on interests, like "Deadheads" who used to follow around the rock band "The Grateful Dead." Before 1936, the word subculture was only used by scientists to talk about bacterial cultures.
WORD FAMILY
subculture: subcultures+/acculturate: acculturated, acculturation, acculturative/ acculturation: acculturational/ counterculture: countercultures/ cultural: culturally, multicultural, transcultural / culture: acculturate, counterculture, cultural, cultured, cultures, culturing, subculture / cultured: culturedly, uncultured / multicultural: multiculturalism / uncultured: unculturedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Blood biking is almost a subculture within a subculture.
BBC(Dec 17, 2016)
There are Internet subcultures dedicated to unmasking the women’s identities.
The New Yorker(Nov 27, 2016)
Nobody knew who you were outside, probably a small subculture.
Salon(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: n. 亚文化（模式）; 次文化
分布：亚文化群(100%)
→sub-,亚于，次，culture,文化。
US [-tʃɚ] noun countable
■the way of life, customs and ideas of a particular group of people within a society, which are different from the rest of that society （社会中某个人群特有的）次文化
• youth subcultures 青少年次文化
• the gay subculture 同性恋次文化

Word: tractable
Front: tractable
[ˈtræktəbl] (托宝 30266/33043)
Vocabulary: tractable
(once / 2589 pages)
adj
If your little brother quietly obeys your instructions and waits for you at the food court while you and your friends wander around the mall, he's probably a tractable child, meaning he's obedient, flexible, and responds well to directions.
Note the similarity between tractable and tractor. Both come from the Latin word tractare, which originally meant "to drag about." You can think of a tractable person as someone who can be dragged about easily, like a plow being dragged by a tractor.
WORD FAMILY
tractable: intractable, tractability, tractableness, tractably+/intractability: intractabilities/ intractable: intractability, intractableness, intractably/tractability: tractabilities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Feedback is turning the incalculable Trump into a tractable, potentially successful president.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
Several advances over the past decade have made it vastly more tractable to solve fundamental problems such as how we recognize objects or make decisions.
Nature(Nov 07, 2016)
One example: If the first rep isn’t proving tractable enough, hang up and dial again and try your luck with another.
Wall Street Journal(Sep 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 易处理的; 驯服的，温顺的; 听话; 驯良
分布：形容词(100%)
→来自拉丁语 tractare,处理，操纵，对待，词源同 tract.-able,形容词后缀。
易管教的(tract+able→能够拉[回来]→易管教的)[tract=draw,表示"拉,拖"]
温顺的(tract拉→拉得动→温顺的)[-able表形容词"可…的,能..."]
【记】tract拉，able：原指牲口拉得动的－温顺的
【反】headstrong＝obstinate＝balky＝pertinacious（adj 倔强顽固的）；incorrigible（adj 无药可救的）；insubordinate＝intransigent＝recalcitrant（adj 非妥协性的）
formal
adjective
■easily dealt with, controlled or persuaded 易处理的；易控制的；易劝服的
• The problem turned out to be rather less tractable than I had expected. 这个问题最后处理起来远比我预期棘手。
adj. 易于管教的；易驾驭的；易处理的；驯良的
 - teachable

Word: torque
Front: torque
[tɔ:k] (六托宝 10225/8358)
Vocabulary: torque
(once / 16348 pages)
n
If you have ever tightened a bolt with a wrench, or tried to get the lid off a jar of strawberry jam, then you have dealt with the concept of torque — a twisting action or a turning force.
The word torque, which rhymes with fork, is used in the field of physics as a measure of rotational force. For example, how much strength does it take to move an object, such as a screwdriver, around an axis, such as a screw? In ancient times, a torque was a necklace made of twisted metal. Now, torque is commonly used to describe the power of sports cars and their ability to accelerate, since car engines operate with rotating parts.
WORD FAMILY
torque: torques
USAGE EXAMPLES
An optional torque vectoring system pulses the inside rear brake caliper in tandem with the rear differential for increased stability.
New York Times(Nov 24, 2016)
So powered, the S3 is a fine little sport sedan, really, a kick in the pants, with torque for days.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 10, 2016)
Maximum torque of 295 foot-pounds came on by 2,200 rpm and held to 5,400 rpm.
Seattle Times(Nov 02, 2016)
Back: n. （尤指机器的）扭转力; 转（力）矩; <史>（古高卢人、布立吞人戴的）金属项圈; 金属颈环
分布：扭矩(96%)，转力(4%)
→来自拉丁语 torquere,扭曲，扭转，折磨，来自 terkw,扭曲，进一步来自 ter,弯，转， 转动，词源同 turn,throw.后用于工程学术语指旋转力，机器等的转矩。
【记】tor转，que－转矩
US [tɔ:rk] specialized
noun uncountable
■a force which causes something to rotate (= turn in a circle) 扭转力
n. 转矩， [力] 扭矩；项圈，金属领圈
 - torgue, turning moment

Word: unbiased
Front: unbiased
[ʌnˈbaɪəst] (托 15836/19999)
Vocabulary: unbiased
(once / 8467 pages)
adj
To be unbiased, you have to be 100% fair — you can't have a favorite, or opinions that would color your judgment. For example, to make things as unbiased as possible, judges of an art contest didn't see the artists' names or the names of their schools and hometowns.
You are unbiased if you can assess situations with a completely open mind. The root of unbiased is bias, which probably comes from the Greek word epikarsios, meaning “athwart,” “crosswise,” or “oblique.” When you have a bias, you look at the situation “from the side,” such as the side of someone who personally hates seafood telling you that Lobster Larry's is a terrible restaurant. To be unbiased you don't have biases affecting you; you are impartial and would probably make a good judge.
WORD FAMILY
unbiased: unbiasedly+/ bias: biased, biasedly, biases, biasing, biasly, biassed, biassing/ biased: unbiased /biassed: unbiassed
USAGE EXAMPLES
Let's assume, for the sake of argument, that our modern housing policies are perfectly unbiased.
New York Times(Aug 20, 2016)
Karlov said he saw his role in Turkey as “protecting Russia’s national interest” and providing “unbiased information”.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
"This is good unbiased information, it would be a real shame if that data is turned off."
BBC(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 无偏见的，不偏不倚的，公正的; 持平; 无偏无党; 谠
分布：公正的(100%)
【记】un不，biased（adj 有偏见的）：没有偏见的
【反】tendentious（adj 有倾向的；有偏见的）
adjective
■able to judge fairly because you are not influenced by your own opinions 无偏见的，公正的
• unbiased advice 公允的建议
• an unbiased opinion 不偏不倚的观点
adj. 公正的；无偏见的
 - judicial, just

Word: translucent
Front: translucent
[trænsˈlu:snt] (托雅宝 10086/14861 -1)
Vocabulary: translucent
(once / 3602 pages)
adj
A translucent material lets light pass through, but objects on the other side can't be seen clearly. Think Shrinky Dinks or stained glass.
In contrast, a transparent material allows you to clearly see the objects on the other side. Frosted glass is translucent, and regular glass is transparent. But opaque glass doesn't let any light through at all, and so you can't see through it. The adjective translucent is from Latin translucens, from translucere "to shine through."
WORD FAMILY
translucent: translucence, translucency, translucently+/translucency: translucencies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Immediately add shallot and garlic and stir for 3-4 minutes, or until the shallot is translucent and beginning to brown around the edges.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Treasures are placed into a translucent window box opened from the inside by a shopkeeper.
Washington Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Lanteri installed translucent light fixtures throughout the Mott home so that the fixtures themselves wouldn’t obstruct views of the surrounding space.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 半透明的; 透亮的，有光泽的
分布：半透明的(100%)
→来自 trans-,进入，穿过，-luc,发光，照射，词源同 lucent,light.引申词义半透明的。 transmigration 转生，转世
半透明的(trans透过+luc+ent→光透过→半透明的)[luc,lust=light,shine,表示"光,照亮"]
【记】trans穿过，luc＝lucid（adj 明晰的；透光的），ent－光线能穿过－（半）透明的
【参】translucence（n 半透明）；transmit（v 传输；传播）；transmute（v 改变）mute“改变”
【反】impervious of light（不透光的）
US [træns-] often approving
adjective
■If an object or a substance is translucent, it is almost transparent, allowing some light through it in an attractive way 半透明的
• translucent plastic/glass 半透明的塑胶／玻璃
• This china is so fine and delicate that it's translucent. 这件瓷器手工精细，晶莹剔透。
• Delia's skin has a translucent quality. 迪莉娅皮肤白晰清透。
Compare opaque ; transparent
adj. [光] 透明的；半透明的
 - crystal, limpid

Word: unbowed
Front: unbowed
[ˌʌnˈbaʊd] (32673/41915)
Back: adj. 不屈服的
分布：不屈服的(56%)，不弯的(44%)
adj. 不弯的；不屈服的
 - hard-bitten

Word: truckload
Front: truckload
[ˈtrʌkləʊd] (16632/36982)
Back: n. 一货车的容量
分布：一货车的容量(100%)
US [-loʊd] noun countable
■the amount of something that can be carried by a truck 一货车货物；一货车运量
• Truckloads of rice have been brought in to the areas affected by drought. 一车车的大米运到了受干旱影响的地区。
• Donations of food and medicines have been arriving by the truckload all week. 整整一周以来，捐赠的食品和药物源源不断地由货车运达。

Word: wart
Front: wart
[wɔ:t] (15251/15233 -1)
Back: n. 疣，肉赘; [植]树瘤; <俚>讨厌的人; 瑕疵，缺点
分布：疣(74%)，树瘤(16%)，缺点(10%)
→来自拉丁语verruca,疣，赘肉，来自wers,身体的肿块或相关疾病，可能来自wer的引申词义，弯，转，隆起，拱起，词源同wring,warp.
US [wɔ:rt] noun countable
■a small hard lump (= raised area) which grows on the skin, often on the face and hands （常见于面部和手上的）疣，肉赘
UK [wɔ:t] US [wɔ:rt] noun countable
warts and all informal
■A warts and all description or representation of a person is one that includes all the bad qualities in that person's character and makes no attempt to hide them 不隐瞒缺点的；不遮丑的
• He tried to paint the president as he really was, warts and all. 他试图真实地刻画总统，丝毫不掩饰其缺点。
n. [皮肤] 疣（等于verruca）； [林] 树瘤；缺点
 - defect, deficiency, vice, fault, disadvantage

Word: vehement
Front: vehement
[ˈvi:əmənt] (托雅 20463/18539 -1)
Vocabulary: vehement
(once / 421 pages)
adj
You can use the adjective vehement to describe an extremely strong, powerful, or intense emotion or force. The teenager argued for a much later curfew in a vehement speech to her parents; her parents responded with an equally vehement “No way!”
Vehement is from Latin and was originally applied to intense natural phenomena: pain, heat, wind, etc. It is now more commonly used for intense emotions or beliefs. With the adverb form, people can be vehemently in favor of something, but the more common usage is for people to be vehemently opposed to something. Many people, for example, are vehemently opposed to politicians they didn't vote for, other people spoiling the endings of movies or books, or someone else taking the last piece of chocolate. The stress is on the first syllable (VEE-uh-ment).
WORD FAMILY
vehement: vehemence, vehementer, vehemently +/ vehemence: vehemences
USAGE EXAMPLES
Berger was a lifelong Marxist, a vehement critic of capitalism.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Puzder is a vehement critic of government regulation and staunch opponent of minimum wage laws and the Fight for $15 movement.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
A&E renamed the series “Escaping the KKK: A Documentary Series Exposing Hate in America” following a vehement backlash online.
Salon(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: adj. 感情强烈的，热情的，热烈的; 激烈的，热烈的; 激越; 慷慨
分布：猛烈的(82%)，感情强烈的(18%)
→来自vehicle,交通工具，引申词义快速的，迅疾的，激烈的。
(感情等)猛烈的(猛烈状态带来后果)[veh=carry(带来)]
【反】languid（adj 没精打采的）；apathetic（adj 缺乏兴趣的）
adjective
■expressing strong feelings, or shown by strong feelings or great energy or force （感情）强烈的；猛烈的
• Despite vehement opposition from his family, he quit school and became an actor. 他不顾家人的强烈反对，退学当了演员。
• Both men were vehement in their denial of the charges against them. 两人都极力否认对自己的指控。
• They launched a vehement attack on the government's handling of environmental issues. 他们针对政府对环境问题的处理发起了猛烈的抨击。
adj. 激烈的，猛烈的；热烈的
 - fierce, acute, violent, hard, furious

Word: validation
Front: validation
[ˌvælɪ'deɪʃn] (10883/8314)
Vocabulary: validation
(once / 31269 pages)
n
Validation is making sure that something is true. Even if you know you're a great poet, you may still long for the validation of being awarded a literary prize or having a volume of your poems published by a respected press.
Your winning lottery ticket may require validation — lottery officials have to check it to make sure it's not counterfeit and that you really do have the winning numbers. The word validation is formed from the Latin word for "strong," validus, and validation makes something strong. You may claim that you've danced more tango turns than anyone else in the history of the world, but you'll have to wait for someone from Guinness World Records to give your claim validation.
WORD FAMILY
validation: validations+/ invalid: invalided, invaliding, invalidism, invalidity, invalidly, invalidness, invalids/ invalidate: invalidated, invalidates, invalidating, invalidation/invalidation: invalidations/invalidism: invalidisms/invalidity: invalidities/ valid: invalid, validate, valider, validity, validly, validness/ validate: invalidate, validated, validates, validating, validation, validatory/ validity: validities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Indeed, some Sanders progressives now see Trump’s victory as a validation of the populist agenda Sanders championed during his campaign.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
How much extra validation do you need anyway, you weirdo?
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
“They are looking for constant validation that they are a higher-value customer,” he said.
New York Times(Apr 23, 2016)
Back: n. 确认
分布：验证(85%)，确认(14%)，批准(1%)
VERB
证实;确证;确认
To validate something such as a claim or statement means to prove or confirm that it is true or correct.
例：This discovery seems to validate the claims of popular astrology.这个发现似乎能印证流行占星术的一些说法。
例：...how that evidence was evaluated and validated by historians.历史学家如何评估和确认该证据
VERB
证明…有价值;认可
To validate a person, state, or system means to prove or confirm that they are valuable or worthwhile.
例：She is looking for an image that validates her...她在寻求一种能够证明自己价值的形象。
例：The Academy Awards appear to validate his career.奥斯卡金像奖似乎是对他事业的肯定。
n. [数] 确认；批准；生效
 - verification, confirmation, authorization

Word: vel

Word: adieu
Front: adieu
[əˈdju:] (29803/43994)
Vocabulary: adieu
(once / 648 pages)
n
Adieu is a French word meaning "goodbye" that is commonly used in English, especially in the phrase "I bid you adieu!"
Adieu is one of those borrowed foreign words we’ve tried to make our own. But why would someone say adieu instead of goodbye? Maybe they're trying to be funny in an overly formal way. Maybe they're trying to spice up their vocabulary. Or maybe they're quoting that song from The Sound of Music: "Adieu, adieu, to you and you and you-ooh!" Saying plain old "goodbye" can get boring, so next time try something like "adieu," "adios," "auf wiedersehen," or "sayonara."
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
ado / adieu
An ado is a fuss, and adieu is French for farewell. They sound similar but aren't exactly twins. Ado sounds like "uh-doo" and adieu is like "a-dyoo," you know, in a cool French accent.
Shakespeare wrote Much Ado About Nothing, and that's still the way you'll often hear the word. It's usually found in that phrase or "without further ado." An ado is an unnecessary hustle-bustle. Check it out:
"Alas, the rhino in question withstood my volley of bullets and then trampled me without much ado." (Washington Post)
"And now, without further ado, let's count down the top ten worst Christmas movie flops of all time!" (Forbes)
Adieu is French for goodbye, but English borrows it. Au revoir is also French for goodbye, but that's more of a "see ya later" while adieu is more like "farewell forever." Adieu comes from "a dieu" which means "to god." You say that to someone if you think it's the last time you'll see her alive, or even if it just seems that way. You can also bid something adieu. Voila:
"So it is with a heavy heart that I must bid the pen adieu." (New York Times)
"In French, people say 'Au Revoir' to say 'See you again', but when they say 'Adieu' - well, that's like saying, 'We'll never see you again.'" (BBC)
Say goodbye to getting them mixed up. Ado is like "to-do," and adieu is a dramatic farewell, what you might say to someone if they're about to die — see the word "die" in adieu. And now without further ado, bid this explanation adieu.
WORD FAMILY
adieu: adieus, adieux
USAGE EXAMPLES
Then, in 1939, Gandhi caused Parsis to confront the unthinkable - bidding adieu to their beloved Parsi pegs - as he pushed Bombay's government to adopt prohibition.
BBC(Dec 24, 2016)
With their confirmation, we bid adieu to the periodic table’s seventh row placeholders.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
But a majority of people living here — aging, middle class and white — would prefer that France joined Britain in bidding adieu to the 28-state bloc.
Washington Post(Oct 07, 2016)
Back: n. 告别，辞行
int. 再见（含“永不再见”意）
分布：告别(46%)，再见(31%)，再会(15%)，辞别(8%)
→前缀ad-, 去，往。词根dieu, 神，见deity, 神祗。即上帝保佑旅途平安。
US [-'du:] literary or old use
exclamation
■goodbye 再见
• She bade (= said to) him adieu and left. 她向他告别后离去。
n. 告别；辞行
 - farewell, good-by
int. 再见；再会
 - bye, adios

Word: wistful
Front: wistful
[ˈwɪstfl] (托宝 15300/19804 -1)
Vocabulary: wistful
(once / 533 pages)
adj
Only one letter separates the two words, but "wishful" is having hope for something, and wistful is having sadness or melancholy about something. "Wist" isn't even a word that's used anymore, but you can still be wistful.
People who appear wistful often show a longing for something or a look of serious reflection. One way to describe the adjective wistful is as the sad appearance of someone looking back and thinking "if only..." A thoughtful or pensive mood centered on something good in the past that is missed or something not so good in the present that could have been better "if only" something had gone differently — these things make for a wistful outlook.
WORD FAMILY
wistful: wistfulest, wistfully, wistfulness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ask researchers like Ng when it will be possible to speak naturally to your digital assistant and they get wistful.
Seattle Times(Dec 17, 2016)
And it’ll leave you singing “Another Day of Sun,” even if it is through wistful tears.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Some were mournful, even wistful about the bohemian life they found in the large two-story warehouse.
Washington Post(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: adj. 渴望的; 沉思的，默想的; 引起怀念的; 不满足似的
分布：渴望的(70%)，留恋的(23%)，忧思的(7%)
→不确定词源。可能来自不再使用的词wistly,关注的，来自whist,安静，见whist,惠斯特纸牌游戏，词义受wishful影响。
【记】w＝want，ist人，ful：总是want的人－渴望的
adjective
■sad and thinking about something that is impossible or in the past 伤感的；留恋的
• a wistful smile 向往的微笑
• I thought about those days in Spain and grew wistful. 我想起了那些在西班牙的日子，思念之情油然而生。
adj. 渴望的；留恋的；沉思的
 - eager, hungry, desired, anxious, sick

Word: adriatic

Word: abomination
Front: abomination
[əˌbɒmɪˈneɪʃn] (19107/22769)
Vocabulary: abomination
(once / 1647 pages)
n
The noun abomination means a thing or action that is vile, vicious or terrible. For example, if you see a neighbor kick an old blind dog that's done nothing wrong, you might remark, "That kind of cruelty is an abomination!"
The word abomination comes from the Old French word abominacion meaning "horror, repugnance, disgust." The word abomination can also be used to refer to a person or object you find utterly loathsome and repellent. If you look at someone else as an abomination, that means you are horrified by them, and barely even think they're human. If you hear a friend describing you as an abomination behind your back, you need to find a new buddy right away!
WORD FAMILY
abomination: abominations+/ abominable: abominablest, abominably / abominate: abominable, abominated, abominates, abominating, abomination, abominator/abominator: abominators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Today everyone agrees that apartheid was an abomination.
The Guardian(Dec 04, 2016)
What there is, Don wrote, is the abomination known as “country-fried steak.”
Washington Post(Nov 27, 2016)
Wade decision legalizing abortion the “worst abomination in the history of constitutional law.”
Los Angeles Times(Nov 18, 2016)
Back: n. 嫌恶; 深恶痛绝; 令人憎恶的人或事物; 可憎恶的或卑劣的习惯或行为
分布：憎恨(74%)，痛恶(13%)，可憎的事物(13%)
US [-ˌbɑ:.mɪ-] formal
noun countable
■something that you dislike and disapprove of 令人憎恶的事物；可恶的东西
• Foxhunting is an abomination. 猎杀狐狸是令人憎恶的行为。
n. 厌恶；憎恨；令人厌恶的事物
 - despite, hate, hatred, aversion

Word: anatomical
Front: anatomical
[ˌænə'tɒmɪkl] (宝 13594/14994)
Back: adj. 结构（上）的，解剖的
分布：结构上的(100%)
【记】1）an一个，atom原子，ical形容词后缀－把尸体分成原子－解剖的2）ana分开，tomy切－切开－解剖3）ana分开，tom＝tomb坟墓－分开坟墓－解剖尸体
ADJ
解剖的；（人体或动物体）结构上的
Anatomical means relating to the structure of the bodies of people and animals.
例：...minute anatomical differences between insects.昆虫身体结构之间的细微差别
adj. 解剖的；解剖学的；结构上的
 - dissecting

Word: amputate
Front: amputate
[ˈæmpjuteɪt] (宝 16975/18585 -1)
Vocabulary: amputate
(once / 2348 pages)
v
Use the verb amputate when you need to describe the surgical removal of a limb, such as an arm or a leg. For example, a doctor might amputate an accident victim's badly crushed arm.
No doubt you hope you'll never have to tell someone that you have to amputate, but if you do make sure you pronounce the word correctly, with the accent on the first syllable: "AM-pyo-tate." Amputate comes from the Latin word amputat-, meaning "lopped off." It can describe the removal of limbs or digits from both humans and animals.
WORD FAMILY
amputate: amputated, amputates, amputating, amputation, amputator+/amputation: amputations/amputator: amputators
USAGE EXAMPLES
She was hospitalized repeatedly after the fall, and most of her right leg was amputated in January because of gangrene.
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
She underwent hip surgery in 2010, then her right leg was amputated to avoid the spread of an infection.
Washington Post(Dec 18, 2016)
Most of her right leg was amputated in January 2011 because of gangrene and the left leg was also threatened.
Seattle Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: vt. （用外科手术）截（肢等）; 切断; 砍掉; 删除
时态：amputated, amputating, amputates
分布：切断(100%)
→复合词。前缀amphi-, 同ambi-, 两，二。词根put, 思考，古义砍，切，同pave, 铺路。该词原指给树木剪枝，后指医学上人体截肢。
【记】am读：俺，put放，ate吃的过去式。俺的胳臂被切除到锅里做成吃的了。
verb intransitive or transitive
■to cut off a part of the body 截（肢）；切除（身体部位）
• They had to amputate his foot to free him from the wreckage. 为了把他从残骸中解救出来，他们只好截断他的一只脚。
• In these cases there is no choice but to amputate. 在这些情况下，除了截肢别无选择。
vt. 截肢；切断；删除
 - cut off, cut out

Word: apprehension
Front: apprehension
[ˌæprɪˈhenʃn] (托雅 9457/7714)
Vocabulary: apprehension
(once / 307 pages)
1n 2n 3n
Apprehension is fear or anxiety about something – you might feel apprehension about an upcoming test. Apprehension is also the capture of a criminal, when they get apprehended, or caught. It can mean “understand an idea” too. Get it?
Given the crook's record of evading arrest, the chief had real apprehensions about being able to catch him. Eventually though, she activated the whole police force in an effort to ensure the crook's apprehension. And it paid off! They caught him red-handed. But it wasn't until he saw the video of the crime in progress that the guy apprehended just how much trouble he was in. It was that apprehension that led him to make a deal with the district attorney.
WORD FAMILY
apprehension: apprehensions+/ apprehend: apprehended, apprehender, apprehending, apprehends, apprehensible, apprehension, apprehensive, misapprehend /apprehender: apprehenders/apprehensible: apprehensibly/ apprehensive: apprehensively, apprehensiveness, unapprehensive/ misapprehend: misapprehended, misapprehending, misapprehends, misapprehension / misapprehension: misapprehensions
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Minnesota Bureau of Criminal Apprehension is investigating the shooting.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
But there is also mutual suspicion and apprehension.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
He finds training to be drudgery and even racing brings as much apprehension as joy.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 不安，忧虑，忧惧; 理解（力），领悟，了解; 拘捕
分布：理解(44%)，逮捕(31%)，忧惧(17%)，了解(8%)
理解;忧虑;逮捕(ap+prehens+ion)[prehens,prehend=catch表示"抓住"]
担忧;逮捕(apprehend担心,逮捕,ap+prehend抓住)[-ion 1.表名词"动作或状态“2.表示"某种物,用品"]
noun uncountable
WORRY 担忧
■worry about the future, or a fear that something unpleasant is going to happen （对未来或即将发生的不愉快之事的）忧虑，担心，恐惧
• It's normal to feel a little apprehension before starting a new job. 在开始新工作前感到有些忐忑不安是很正常的。
• There is some apprehension in the office about who the new director will be. 不知谁将担任新主任，办公室里人心惶惶。
[ˌæp.rɪ'hen.ʃən] noun uncountable
CATCHING 抓住 formal
■when the police catch and arrest someone who has not obeyed the law 逮捕；拘捕
• Both the army and the police were involved in the apprehension of the terrorists. 军队和警方都参与了抓捕恐怖分子的行动。
[ˌæp.rɪ'hen.ʃən] noun uncountable
UNDERSTANDING 理解 formal
■when you understand something 领会；理解；懂得
n. 理解；恐惧； [法] 逮捕；忧惧
 - grasp, understanding, fear, comprehension

Word: banditry
Front: banditry
[ˈbændɪtri] (31762/37937)
Back: n. 盗贼行为，贼党; 匪患
分布：盗贼行为(54%)，匪帮(46%)
盗窃活动(bandit匪徒)[-ry表名词,通常放在一个完整的单词后面1.表示"状态,性质"2.表示"行业,学科"3.表示集合名词4.表示"场地"]
n. 土匪行为；盗贼行为；贼党
 - brigandage

Word: bastille

Word: barlow

Word: bigoted
Front: bigoted
[ˈbɪgətɪd] (托 21186/22390)
Vocabulary: bigoted
(once / 3887 pages)
adj
When someone is acting in a bigoted way, he believes his beliefs, culture, or background is superior to others. The Civil Rights Movement fought against the bigoted behavior of whites against blacks.
A bigoted person doesn't tolerate the opinions of others, and never rethinks his position. Usually when we call someone bigoted, he is hostile to people who are different than him either by race, ethnicity, gender or sexual orientation. While the "-ed" construction of the word might be a bit misleading, someone bigoted is the one expressing bigotry, not the one afflicted by it.
WORD FAMILY
bigot: bigoted, bigotry, bigots
USAGE EXAMPLES
Writing in National Review, David French claimed that the concept of implicit bias lets people “indict entire communities as bigoted.”
New York Times(Dec 09, 2016)
If you voted for Trump and continue to support him and you think you are better than these bigoted virulent trolls, you’re not.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
According to Breitbart, those propagating hate were no more genuinely bigoted than 1980s heavy metal fans genuinely worshiped Satan.
Slate(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 偏执的，顽固的，心胸狭窄的; 古板; 泥
分布：固执己见的(46%)，心胸狭窄的(36%)，动词bigote的过去式和过去分词.(18%)
adj. 顽固的；心地狭窄的；盲从的
 - resistant, stubborn

Word: brickbat
Front: brickbat
[ˈbrɪkbæt] (37900/41627)
Back: n. 碎砖; 砖片; 不逊之言; 批评的话
分布：碎砖(78%)，不利的评论(22%)
→brick, 砖。bat, 棍。
noun countable
■a spoken attack; an insult 口头攻击；谴责
• The members of parliament hurled brickbats at the minister. 议员们气势汹汹地谴责部长。
n. 碎砖；批评的话；不逊之言
 - rubble
vt. 向…投掷碎砖；谴责
 - condemn, denounce

Word: braid
Front: braid
[breɪd] (托宝 9403/15784 -1)
Vocabulary: braid
(once / 1033 pages)
vn
To braid is to lace or weave together. Hair that has been done this way is in braids.
Have you ever seen someone with their hair bound together in thick, rope-like arrangements? That hairdo is called braids. Women often braid each other's hair or get it braided by a hairdresser. The longer your hair, the longer your potential braids. To braid hair, you have to weave the strands of hair together: this is also called plaiting, lacing, and interlacing. Other materials can be braided, but the most popular thing to braid is definitely hair.
WORD FAMILY
braid: braided, braiding, braids, unbraid+/braiding: braidings/unbraid: unbraided, unbraiding, unbraids
USAGE EXAMPLES
Coroner David West says the child left the apartment while his grandmother was braiding her granddaughter’s hair.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Her braids stream over her shoulders, and her waxed canvas “intake bag” is battered by decades of use.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Her blond hair was pulled back in a French braid and tied with a large, black velvet bow.
Los Angeles Times(Mar 11, 1990)
Back: n. 发辫; 辫子; 穗带; 编织物
vt. 把（头发）编成辫子; 把…打缏子; （用饰带等）镶缀; 编织
时态：braided, braiding, braids
分布：编织(48%)，辫子(34%)，穗带(11%)，编辫子(5%)，镶缀(2%)
→来自zero-grade 词根br, 明亮的，照耀的，词源同bright. 原指编织穗带使人眼花缭乱的动作，后指穗带。
编成辫子[braid=twist,表示"扭"]
【记】br不，aid帮助。女孩编辫子不需要帮助，可以自己搞定。头里长的是brain，头上长的是braid
noun
CLOTH 布
uncountable (also braiding)
■a thin strip of cloth or twisted threads, which is fixed onto clothes, uniforms or other things made of cloth, as decoration （作装饰用的）穗带，镶边
• The captain of the ship wore a peaked cap decorated with gold braid (= twisted gold threads). 船长戴着一顶饰有金丝边的大檐帽。
[breɪd] noun
HAIR 头发
countable US for
■ plait
[breɪd] verb intransitive or transitive US for plait
vt. [纺] 编织
 - pleach, complect
n. 辫子；穗带；发辫
 - tail, pigtail

Word: beet
Front: beet
[bi:t] (宝 9427/21029 -1)
Vocabulary: beet
(once / 2248 pages)
n
A beet is a reddish-purple colored root vegetable. You can roast beets, slice them, and add them to a salad.
When you peel a cooked beet, your fingers will be temporarily stained red. Beets are distinctive for their deep color and their round shape — though there are also a few varieties that are yellow. You can eat both the round, fleshy part of a beet plant and also its green leaves. The British version of beet, which is thought to have a Celtic origin, is beetroot.
WORD FAMILY
beet: beets
USAGE EXAMPLES
Other names include white beet, strawberry spinach, seakale beet, leaf beet, Sicilian beet, spinach beet, Chilean beet, Roman kale and silverbeet.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Include brightly colored produce, including dark leafy greens, berries, broccoli, cabbage and beets.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Then there is the curious kind with concentric fuchsia stripes inside, revealed when the beet is cut horizontally.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 甜菜; 甜菜根; 糖萝卜
分布：甜菜(91%)，甜菜根(9%)
【记】bee蜜蜂。蜜蜂爱吃的菜－一定甜
【参】red beet 红甜菜（用于拌生菜）；white beet 白甜菜（用于制糖）
noun countable or uncountable
■a plant with a thick root, which is often fed to animals or used to make sugar 甜菜，糖萝卜
mainly US for * beetroot
n. [作物] 甜菜；甜菜根
 - bette
vt. 生火；修理；改过
 - repair, doctor

Word: cannibalise

Word: buffoon
Front: buffoon
[bəˈfu:n] (宝 23455/34386)
Vocabulary: buffoon
(once / 3056 pages)
n
A buffoon is someone whose ridiculous behavior is a source of amusement to others. People you might call a buffoon are a political rival or the guy at work who tells silly jokes at office parties.
The noun buffoon has changed its spelling over the years, but not really its meaning. In Middle French, it was bouffon, which came from the Italian buffone, meaning "jester." The original root is the Latin buffare. Think of the stereotypical court jester, the person who makes jokes and falls about trying to make the king laugh — he's paid to be a buffoon.
WORD FAMILY
buffoon: buffoonery, buffoonish, buffoons+/ buffoonery: buffooneries/buffoonish: buffoonishly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The ignorant buffoon Donald Trump is their direct and stark opposite.
Salon(Dec 29, 2016)
And they’re not produced by cookie cutters: like any group of people, their qualities range from brilliant to buffoon.
Time(Nov 29, 2016)
“We’re not going to play that buffoon role,” Hunter said.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 17, 2016)
Back: n. 愚蠢的人; 傻瓜; 逗乐小丑; 滑稽的人
分布：丑角(81%)，缺乏教养之人(19%)
→buff, 吹，引人发笑，拟声词，同puff. -oon, 大词后缀，多用于贬义。
丑角(buff,拉丁文癞哈蟆之意)"[-oon表名词"人或物"]
【记】读：把风。粗俗而愚蠢的人想当坏蛋都困难，只能干这种把风的工作。读：布冯－曾经是意大利国家队最年轻的守门员，虽然不像小丑，但是为了我们的前途，从现在开始，布冯就是小丑了。
noun countable
■a person who does silly things, usually to make other people laugh 小丑；滑稽可笑的人
• Doesn't he get tired of playing the buffoon in class? 老在班里充当小丑，他难道不感到厌倦吗?
n. 丑角；滑稽剧演员
 - jack-pudding, merryman

Word: coo
Front: coo
[ku:] (18409/24894 -1)
Vocabulary: coo
(once / 2141 pages)
nv
A coo is the low, sweet sound that a bird makes, especially a dove or pigeon. If a dove builds a nest outside your open window, you'll be able to hear its coos every morning.
There is a small, gray pigeon that's called a mourning dove because its coo is so sad sounding. When you hear a bird making this distinctive sound, you can also say that it coos — and if a person murmurs in a low, soft voice, you can say that she coos too. The word coo has been used since at least the late 1600s, and its origin is probably imitative, the word sounding very much like the sound it describes.
WORD FAMILY
coo: cooed, cooing, coos
USAGE EXAMPLES
Backs are slapped and babies cooed over; a civilised babble fills the space.
Economist(Dec 20, 2016)
For 34 years, Burton, of Bath, served the council’s District One, which includes Coos and Grafton counties and a total of 108 communities.
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
The Pacific Connector Pipeline would cut through Jackson County on its way to a proposed export facility north of Coos Bay.
Washington Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: vi. （鸽）咕咕地叫; 低声软语地说，温柔亲切地说
vt. （鸽）咕咕地叫; 温柔可爱地说话
n. 咕咕声; 鸽子的叫声
时态：cooed, cooing, coos
分布：咕咕地叫(85%)，鸽叫声(15%)
→拟声词。
[ku:] (cooing, cooed, cooed)
verb intransitive
■When birds such as doves and pigeons coo, they make a low soft call. （鸽子等）咕咕地叫
■to speak in a soft, gentle or loving way 低声细语，轻柔地低语；呢喃
• The baby lay in his cot, cooing and gurgling. 婴儿躺在自己的小床上，咿咿呀呀，咯咯笑着。
• It's sickening the way she coos over those cats of hers. 她对她那些猫柔声低语的样子令人作呕。
• [+ speech] "How wonderful to see you again, darling," she cooed. “又见到你真高兴，亲爱的。”她柔声低语道。
n. 咕咕声；鸽子的叫声
 - cuckoo

Word: conceit
Front: conceit
[kənˈsi:t] (六托宝 17757/19353 -1)
Vocabulary: conceit
(once / 915 pages)
1n 2n
If you’re always boasting and can’t stop talking about yourself, you have that character flaw known as conceit. Your friends — if you have any — may also complain about your arrogance, vanity, and egotism.
A conceit can also be an artistic device — probably a little forced — like the plot of a movie built on the conceit of everything that happens being foretold in song. You might find an architectural conceit in a Baroque palace, where you think you’re looking down a long hallway lined with columns, but when you get closer you see that it's really a mural painted in perspective so that the columns only seem to disappear in the distance.
WORD FAMILY
conceit: conceits
USAGE EXAMPLES
The film’s heist conceit was kind of a line in the sand for a lot of people.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
It’s a clever enough conceit, doomed by a bungled meet cute.
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
But even these relatively simple moments are transformed and complicated by the sheer audacity of Larraín’s stylistic conceits.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 自负; 幻想; 思想，观点; 巧妙构思
v. 幻想; 〈古〉理解
分布：自负(77%)，幻想(13%)，好评(6%)，个人观点(2%)，字字珠玑(2%)
→词源同conceive, concept. 原指形成思想和概念的，后指异想天开的，盲目自大的。
自豪;自大[cap,capt,cept,ceive,cip,cup=take,hold,seize,表示"拿,抓,握住"]
【记】con共同，ceit＝ceive拿－拿出架子－自负con一起，ce塞，it他：因为他太能吹牛了，太自负了，所以我们决定一起把他的嘴塞上。
【参】conceited（adj 自负的，自高自大的）
noun
PRIDE 骄傲
uncountable
■when you are too proud of yourself and your actions 自负，自大
• The conceit of that man is incredible! 那人极度自负！
[kən'si:t] noun
COMPARISON 比较
countable literary
■a clever or surprising comparison, especially in a poem （尤指诗歌中）巧妙的比喻，别出心裁的比喻
n. 自负；狂妄；幻想
 - ego, pretentiousness
vt. 幻想
 - have vision of, fantasize

Word: conurbation
Front: conurbation
[ˌkɒnɜ:ˈbeɪʃn] (-/16675)
Back: n. 有卫星城的大都市
→con-, 强调。-urb, 城市，词源同urban, suburb.
US [ˌkɑ:.nɚ-] formal
noun countable
■a city area containing a large number of people, formed by various towns growing and joining together （由多个城镇扩建连接而成的）大都市，集合城市，大都市圈
• the conurbations of Tokyo and Osaka 东京和大阪都市圈

Word: deprecate
Front: deprecate
[ˈdeprəkeɪt] (托宝 33157/32752)
Vocabulary: deprecate
(once / 1096 pages)
v
To deprecate is to show disapproval or to make someone feel unimportant by speaking to them disrespectfully, like seniors who deprecate younger students just for fun.
To deprecate is to diminish, or to oppose, like when someone deprecates your dream of climbing Mt. Everest by calling it "a little walk up a hill." Some people deprecate themselves, which is called being self-deprecating. People who do are self-deprecating play down their abilities because they are humble — or want to appear that way. So if you do climb Everest and you are self-deprecating, you'll say it wasn't such a big deal, even if it was the proudest moment of your life.
WORD FAMILY
deprecate: deprecated, deprecates, deprecating, deprecation, deprecative, deprecatory+/deprecating: deprecatingly, self-deprecating /deprecation: deprecations/deprecative: deprecatively/deprecatory: deprecatorily
USAGE EXAMPLES
The 70-year-old businessman later said his remarks were "about a little deprecating humour which America lost for a long time".
BBC(Dec 23, 2016)
“And yes, it’s about a little deprecating humor which America lost for a long time,” he wrote.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
MD5 is strongly deprecated and this points to troubling software development security practices in Yahoo or its suppliers.”
The Guardian(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: vt. 不赞成，反对
时态：deprecated, deprecating, deprecates
分布：反对(55%)，抨击(29%)，声明不赞成(16%)
→de-, 向下，强调。-prec, 祈祷，词源同precatory, imprecate, pray. 原义为祈祷恶魔离开，强烈的憎恶，后词义通用化，强烈反对。
【记】depravity值得deprecate
【反】extol（v 赞美）；vaunt（v 自夸，吹嘘）；endorse（v 背书同意）
['dep.rɪ.keɪt] formal
verb
NOT APPROVE 反对
transitive not continuous
■to not approve of something or say that you do not approve of something 反对，不赞成
• We deprecate this use of company funds for political purposes. 我们反对这种将公司资金用于政治目的的做法。
['dep.rɪ.keɪt] formal
verb
NOT VALUE 不重视
transitive
■to say that you think something is of little value or importance 贬低，轻视
• He always deprecates my achievements. 他总是贬低我的成就。
vt. 反对；抨击；轻视；声明不赞成
 - combat, attack

Word: creationism
Front: creationism
[kriˈeɪʃnɪzəm] (18511/-)
Back: n. 创造宇宙说，特别创造说; 神创论
分布：特别创造说(55%)，创造宇宙说(45%)
→来自create, 创造。
N-UNCOUNT
神创说，特创论(相信《圣经》中上帝创世的记述，反对进化论)
Creationism is the belief that the account of the creation of the universe in the Bible is true, and that the theory of evolution is incorrect.

Word: dandy
Front: dandy
[ˈdændi] (宝 16577/19430 -1)
Vocabulary: dandy
(once / 1142 pages)
1adj 2n 3n
A man who is very concerned with how he looks can be called a dandy. The term is rather old-fashioned — it was commonly used to refer to such men in the 1800s, like the famous dandy Beau Brummell.
As an adjective, dandy means excellent. If you think your new car is dandy, you're excited to own such a great car. In modern use, dandy is often used sarcastically, with just a small change in wording or emphasis: "My new car is just dandy. It's broken down twice today already!" The word dandy is also frequently used in the phrase "fine and dandy".
WORD FAMILY
dandy: dandier, dandies, dandiest, dandify, dandily, dandyish, dandyism+/dandify: dandified, dandifies, dandifying/dandyism: dandyisms
USAGE EXAMPLES
It seemed that geometric abstractions were just dandy, so long as you weren’t a woman.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
He told me that he dressed like a dandy when he was younger.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
But after the election, everything seemed fine and dandy.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 服装华丽的; 最好的
n. 花花公子; 〈口〉最好的东西，上品
级别：dandier, dandiest
分布：花花公子(74%)，好打扮的人(26%)
→词源不详，可能来自Andrew的昵称，用来指好打扮的男人。比较gussy.
【记】这个单词你要是能想出来，绝对一辈子也忘不了！可是，我不能说，太那个了，影响我的光辉形象，不过可以提醒你一下：分成dan和dy，再用成熟人的思维想一想！！
【参】dandified（adj 打扮得华丽的；像花花公子的）
noun countable
■a man, especially in the past, who dressed in expensive, fashionable clothes and was very interested in his own appearance （尤指旧时）讲究衣着和外表的男子，好打扮的男人
• an upper-class dandy 上流社会的纨绔子弟
['dæn.di] adjective (also jim-dandy) US old-fashioned
■very good 非常好的
• "Shall we meet at six?" "Sure, that's just dandy." “我们六点见面好吗？”“当然，那太好了。”
adj. 上等的，极好的（口语）；服装华丽的
 - wonderful, excellent, famous, super, great
n. 花花公子；好打扮的人
 - playboy, knut

Word: daze
Front: daze
[deɪz] (托宝 16871/21479)
Vocabulary: daze
(once / 767 pages)
nv
A daze is a type of confusion, when you have a lack of clarity. When you first wake up, you might be in a bit of a daze, shuffling about the house before your brain really starts working.
Daze can also mean the feeling of distress and disbelief that you have when something bad happens to you accidentally: "After getting hit in the head by a football, you were in such a daze you couldn't remember where you were." As a verb, daze means to stun. You will definitely daze your father when you tell him that you eloped.
WORD FAMILY
daze: dazed, dazes, dazing+/dazed: dazedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
For a moment, the rowdy Alabamians filling the Georgia Dome sat in dazed quiet.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Dazed church officials wondered around in their black robes.
Reuters(Dec 12, 2016)
Surveillance camera footage showed Zhang, looking dazed near train tracks, and then struck by the train.
Seattle Times(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: vt. 使（某人）迷乱而不能做出正确反应，使茫然; 使（某人）惊奇与迷惑
时态：dazed, dazing, dazes
分布：恍惚(68%)，晕眩(14%)，使 ... 茫然(9%)，使 ... 眩目(9%)
→可能同dizzy.
noun
in a daze
■unable to think clearly 使茫茫然，使发呆，使晕头转向
• She was wandering around in a daze this morning. 今天早上她神情恍惚地四处游荡。
vt. 使茫然；使眼花缭乱；使晕眩
 - bedaze, bemuse
n. 迷乱，眼花缭乱
 - bewilderment

Word: divinity
Vocabulary: divinity
(once / 530 pages)
1n 2n
A divinity is a religious being, like a god or angel. It's also a word for the study of religion, which is studied at divinity school.
If you know the word divine means holy or sacred, then you have a clue to the meaning of divinity, which can be a god or other religious being. Anything very holy is full of divinity. Divinity is also the subject of religion itself: divinity students are studying theology. But if you're not into religion, don't worry — you can still enjoy divinity, a type of white, creamy fudge made with egg whites that probably goes well with angel food cake.
WORD FAMILY
divinity: divinities+/ divination: divinations/ divine: divination, divinatory, divined, divinely, diviner, divines, divinest, divining, diviningly, divinity /diviner: diviners
USAGE EXAMPLES
Admitted to the University of Chicago Divinity School, he became intrigued by the scientific rationalism propounded by Henry Nelson Wieman, an influential liberal theologian there.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
His doves, Divinity and Majesty, flutter in an ornate white cage on the viewing balcony above.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
There also are small abstract paintings — and lots of gold leaf, symbolic of divinity in many cultures.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)

Word: distrustful
Front: distrustful
[dɪs'trʌstfl] (22808/32776)
Back: adj. 不信任的，怀疑的，可疑的
分布：不信任的(60%)，怀疑的(40%)
adj. 怀疑的；不信任的；可疑的
 - suspicious, skeptical

Word: distressing
Front: distressing
[dɪˈstresɪŋ] (13936/9584)
Vocabulary: distressing
(once / 1166 pages)
adj
Something that's distressing makes you feel sad, upset, or worried. A distressing phone call from your dad might involve him telling you your grandma is in the hospital.
When something causes distress, "anxiety, sorrow, or pain," you can describe it as distressing. Both words come from the Vulgar Latin districtia, "restraint, affliction, or narrowness," from distringere, "draw apart or hinder" in Latin. Distressing headlines in the newspaper convey terrible news, and distressing text messages from your friend might make you worry for her safety.
WORD FAMILY
distressing: distressingly, distressingness+/ distress: distressed, distresses, distressful, distressing / distressed: distressedest, distressedly/distressful: distressfully, distressfulness
USAGE EXAMPLES
“The unemployment rate is distressing; the impoverishment of the population is palpable everywhere; our social protection system is in deficit and is in peril.”
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
It’s unclear what the most distressing answers to these questions might be.
Slate(Dec 28, 2016)
This is why a reckless tweet about nuclear weapons on Thursday from President-elect Donald Trump and his comments Friday morning are distressing.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 使人痛苦的，令人苦恼的; 凄凄惨惨
分布：使人痛苦的(59%)，令人烦恼的(25%)，动词词distress的现在分词形式.(16%)
(US usually distressful)
adjective
■upsetting or worrying 令人苦恼的；令人担忧的
• The television reports about the famine were particularly distressing. 关于此次饥荒的电视报道令人不堪其忧。
• It was deeply distressing for him to see his wife in such pain. 看到妻子如此痛苦，他万分焦急。
adj. 使痛苦的；悲伤的；使烦恼的
 - disastrous, sorrowful
v. 使痛苦；迫使（distress的ing形式）；使困苦
 - necessitating

Word: docker
Front: docker
[ˈdɒkə(r)] (-/16182)
Back: n. 码头工人
分布：码头工人(100%)
US ['dɑ:.kɚ] (also dockworker)
noun countable
■a person who works at a port, putting goods onto and taking them off ships 码头装卸工
n. 码头工人
 - alongshoreman, wharfman

Word: elizabethan

Word: embellish
Front: embellish
[ɪmˈbelɪʃ] (托宝 12591/14669 -1)
Vocabulary: embellish
(once / 1259 pages)
v
The word "bell" shows up in the middle of embellish, and bells are something that decorate, or embellish something, making it more attractive. If you embellish speech, though, it can get ugly if you add a lot of details that aren't true.
Embellish often has the positive meaning of adding something to make it more handsome or beautifully decorated. But, while adding bells to something looks great at first, after a couple of hours of bells ringing in the ears, what was meant to embellish and beautify can get annoying. That's what can happen when you embellish by adding too many false or exaggerated details to a story. Embellishing with true, colorful details and vivid descriptions is what can really enhance the beauty of a story.
WORD FAMILY
embellish: embellished, embellishes, embellishing, embellishment +/embellished: unembellished/ embellishment: embellishments
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the process, we unknowingly embellish reality and create fictions.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
In the historically accurate version Dava Sobel tells in her careful and detailed style, the past is neither sanitized nor embellished.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Yet among the strongest entries are Judith Coady's abstract monotypes, whose vertical oil-pigment stripes are embellished with pencil and silver leaf.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. 装饰; 润色; 修饰
vi. 装饰起来; 加以润色
时态：embellished, embellishing, embellishes
分布：美化、装饰或修饰(50%)，渲染或添枝加叶(50%)
→em-, 进入，使。-bell，美丽，词源同 belle, beauty.
装饰(em+bell美好＋ish→进入美好→装饰)[em-,en-①表示"进入…之中,包围"②表示"使…进入状态"]
装饰(em进入+bell美丽+ish)[-ish 1.表形容词"像…一样,有的..."通常放在一具体名词后2.表动词"造成…"3.表示"国家的或语言"]
装饰(em使+bell+使-美好)[bell=fine(美好)]
【记】belle（n 美女）读：贝勒（清代贵族的世袭封爵）身边美女如云bellish读：白理石－大理石的一种用来装饰
verb transitive
■to make something more beautiful or interesting by adding something to it 装饰，修饰；给…锦上添花，渲染
• The ceiling was embellished with flowers and leaves. 天花板上装饰着花和叶。
• He couldn't resist embellishing the story of his accident a little. 在描述他出的那次意外时，他忍不住添油加醋地渲染了一番。
vt. 修饰；装饰；润色
 - paint, hang, modify

Word: eddy
Front: eddy
[ˈedi] (雅宝 25134/16912)
Vocabulary: eddy
(once / 1771 pages)
nv
An eddy is a whirlpool — what you stare at as a kid when the water is draining out of the bathtub.
Pronounced exactly like the name, “Eddie,” this word means to swirl in a direction opposite of the current. Any substance like water, fog, smoke, or air can create an eddy, but it is most commonly seen as a term related to water. Books from the "flapper" era of the 1920s often include a description of a nightclub with "an eddy of cigarette smoke above a woman’s head."
WORD FAMILY
eddy: eddied, eddies, eddying
USAGE EXAMPLES
Many ocean phenomena, such as eddies, occur at these scales, so better maps would help to improve weather and climate-change models.
Nature(Dec 14, 2016)
In a brisk breeze, snow eddies around my boots.
The Guardian(Nov 11, 2016)
“This is a place of quiet refuge, a kind of marvelous back eddy for nature,” he said on a recent walk through the property.
Seattle Times(Nov 06, 2016)
Back: n. （水、烟等的）漩涡，涡流
vt. & vi. 起漩涡，旋转
时态：eddied, eddying, eddies
分布：涡流(86%)，漩涡(8%)，旋转(4%)，起漩涡(2%)
→来自eti, 在上，再一次。词源同拉丁词etc.
【记】读：爱低（漩涡都是向下的－爱低）
verb intransitive
■If water, wind, smoke, etc. eddies, it moves fast in a circle （水、风、烟等）起漩涡，旋转
• The water eddied around in a whirlpool. 水流形成了一个漩涡。
n. [流] 涡流；漩涡；逆流
 - gulf, vortex flow
vi. 旋转；起漩涡
 - wheel, circle, spin

Word: flummox
Front: flummox
[ˈflʌməks] (36281/-)
Vocabulary: flummox
(once / 44102 pages)
v
Does the word flummox bewilder, confound, dumbfound and generally mystify you? Well, fear no more, because flummox means all of these things!
Things that flummox you are probably not that serious, and often pretty amusing and informal: a TV remote or a crossword puzzle, for example, rather than something major like why your boyfriend or girlfriend broke up with you. (Now that's unfathomable.) Get this: linguists are actually mystified as to where the word flummox comes from — they're flummoxed, in other words. It may come from an old English word, flummock, meaning "to make untidy or confuse," but no one is really sure. Now, what could be more suitable?
WORD FAMILY
flummox: flummoxed, flummoxes, flummoxing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Red Raiders flummoxed the Cyclones on their home floor, a rare sight at Hilton Coliseum, and jumped ahead by as many as 14.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But even Fitzgerald would be flummoxed by Midwest voters pulling the lever for Obama twice and then Donald Trump last month.
MSNBC(Jan 02, 2017)
The group was flummoxed by the mass exodus of Syrians to Europe last summer, and stymied by the warm welcome they initially received in Germany.
Time(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vt. <口>使困惑，使慌乱
时态：flummoxed, flummoxing, flummoxes
分布：使混乱(51%)，使失措(33%)，使迷惑(16%)
→词源不详。可能来自辅音丛fl, 扑腾，拍打，词源同flap, flounce, flimflam. 引申词义混乱，迷糊。
['flʌm.əks] informal
verb transitive
■to confuse someone so much that they do not know what to do 使困惑；使不知所措
• I have to say that last question flummoxed me. 我得说最后一个问题让我不知如何回答。
n. 失败
 - failure, loss, defeat, losing, reverse
vt. 使狼狈；使混乱；使惶惑
 - cloud, confuse
vi. 出现错误；失败
 - founder, bomb

Word: everlasting
Front: everlasting
[ˌevəˈlɑ:stɪŋ] (六托雅宝 16997/14550)
Vocabulary: everlasting
(once / 441 pages)
1adj 2n
Something that's everlasting is eternal; it lasts forever, or seems like it does. Many anti-war activists dream of everlasting peace.
The adjective everlasting can literally mean exactly what it sounds like, but it's frequently used colloquially to exaggerate. You might compliment your friend's speech by saying, "You have my everlasting respect," or describe a lovely day by saying, "It's been like an everlasting dream." In a religious context, the word is used quite literally: "God promises everlasting life."
WORD FAMILY
everlasting: everlastingly, everlastingness, everlastings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Abe offered his “sincere and everlasting condolences” for the attack and vowed that Japan “must never repeat the horrors of war again”.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
He offered his “sincere and everlasting condolences to the souls of those who lost their lives here.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
Business Insider: Top GOP senators: Aleppo ‘will be a testament to our moral failure and everlasting shame’
Time(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: adj. 永久的，永恒的，接连不断; 不断的，冗长的，使人厌烦的; [植]干后花的形状颜色不变的
n. 永久，无穷; 〈英〉牢固耐久的毛呢; [植]蜡菊，蝶须，鼠曲草
分布：永恒(55%)，永恒的(37%)，持久的(6%)，无止境的(1%)，永久盛开的花(1%)
→ever，永远。last,持续。
US [-ɚ'læs.tɪŋ] adjective
■lasting forever or for a long time 永久的；永恒的
• I wish someone would invent an everlasting light bulb. 我希望能有人发明一种永远不会烧坏的灯泡。
• Their contributions to science have earned them an everlasting place in history. 他们对科学的贡献使他们在历史上的地位永垂不朽。
permanent, eternal, perpetual, everlasting, endless
这些形容词均有“持久的，永久的”之意。
permanent: 指总是处于相同的情况和地位，可长期持续下去，永久不变。
eternal: 语体较庄重，侧重指永远存在，无始无终。
perpetual: 语气最强，指保持永久不变，没有中断的行为，永无止境地持续下去。有时用于贬义，指令人厌烦之事。
everlasting: 语气较庄重，有时可与eternal换用，侧重持续不尽，或指开始后一直进行下去。
endless: 系日常用词，指无尽无休。
adj. 永恒的；接连不断的
 - eternal, permanent, lasting, timeless

Word: epitaph
Front: epitaph
[ˈepɪtɑ:f] (宝 19769/18871)
Vocabulary: epitaph
(once / 1523 pages)
n
An epitaph is an inscription on a gravestone. Famous for his comedic jabs at the City of Brotherly Love, writer W.C. Fields once said he wanted "I'd rather be living in Philadelphia" as the epitaph on his tombstone.
Once you trace this word back to its origins, you'll never forget its meaning. Forms of it show up in Middle English, Old French, Latin, and, before that, Greek: epi- "upon" and taphos "tomb." This gives us a mini history lesson on burial traditions. For thousands of years various societies have carved poetic, weepy, and witty words onto the monuments marking the final resting places of famous and infamous citizens.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
epitaph / epithet
An epitaph is written on a tombstone. An epithet is a nickname or a description of someone. Halloween graves often combine them: "Here lies Fearsome Frank, who bet that he could rob a bank."
Epitaph is usually the words inscribed on the stone, but it can also be a memorial statement about someone who has died. Epitaphs are usually grave (ha ha), but old ones can sometimes be unintentionally funny, like this one: "Here lies Lester Moore/Four slugs/From a forty-four/No less/No more." Here are some other examples of epitaph:
"Here lies one whose name was writ in water," is the epitaph he composed for his grave, in Rome. (New York Times)
Her epitaph, being written in brass instead of marble, has escaped the wear and tear of nearly three centuries. (Hunter Joseph)
He has picked out a cemetery plot, selected his tombstone and written his epitaph. (New York Times)
An epithet is a description of someone, often a nickname, like if you're tall and people call you Daddy Long Legs. It's not necessarily an insult, but these days it's used that way a lot, like a racial or sexist slur. It's the kind of thing people sling at each other, like "red headed stepchild." An epithet can be negative, but it doesn't have to be:
According to legend, it is the Golden State — an epithet that might originate from the discovery of gold in California in 1848. (The Independent)
Elizabeth Olsen still needs to be described as "Mary-Kate and Ashley's younger sister," but any day now she might shake that epithet. (New York Magazine)
Be wary if someone writes your epitaph, after all, it'll be inscribed on your grave. But don't be afraid of an epithet, or nickname, maybe they call you The Gorgeous Successful Person.
WORD FAMILY
epitaph: epitaphs
USAGE EXAMPLES
Today, these words read more like an epitaph than a commemoration.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
He added one word, which would become an epitaph for that freshman class’ time in the program: “again.”
Los Angeles Times(Nov 25, 2016)
Formed in 2011, the Garden issued its early music on the famed Burger Records imprint, and is now on the larger Epitaph.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 19, 2016)
Back: n. 墓志铭，纪念死者的文字
分布：墓志铭(100%)
→epi-, 在上，在中。-taph, 墓碑，词源同cenotaph.
墓志铭(epi的旁边,在墓边的"墓志铭")[taph=tomb(墓)]
【记】epi在…上，taph＝tomb（n 墓）－在墓碑上刻的字－墓志铭e出，pit（n 深坑；陷阱）：从一个坑里出来的是墓碑，墓碑上是墓志铭。
US [-tæf] noun countable
■a short piece of writing or a poem about a dead person, especially one written on their gravestone 悼文；悼亡诗；（尤指）墓志铭
UK ['ep.ɪ.tɑ:f] US [-tæf] noun countable
be your epitaph
■to be something, especially something you say, that other people will remember you for （尤指某人说的某些话）会让人永远记住（某人 ）
n. 碑文，墓志铭
 - epigraph

Word: entente
Front: entente
[ɒnˈtɒnt] (34870/35260)
Back: n. <法>协定，协约，有协定关系的各国（党派）
分布：协定(59%)，协约国(41%)
→en-, 进入，使。-tent, 倾向，同tend. 用来指国家间的友好关系。
n. 协约；谅解；协定
 - convention, understanding

Word: floppy
Front: floppy
[ˈflɒpi] (宝 12505/8790 -1)
Back: adj. 松软的; 懒散的
n. 软盘
级别：floppier, floppiest
分布：松软的(67%)，懒散的(33%)
→来自flap拼写变体，飘动，翻动。即飘动的，松软的。用于计算机名词软盘。
【记】A floppy disk 软盘
【区】flabby（adj 优柔寡断的；软弱的；松弛的）；flaccid（adj 软弱无力的）
US ['flɑ:.pi] adjective
■soft and not able to keep a firm shape or position 松软的；耷拉的
• a floppy hat 软帽
• a dog with big floppy ears 耷拉着大耳朵的狗
• He's got floppy blond hair that's always falling in his eyes. 他有着柔软的金发，总是垂到眼睛里。
UK ['flɒp.i] US ['flɑ:.pi] noun countable (also floppy disk)
 ADVANCED
■a diskette (= a flat circular device, usually inside a square container, which has a magnetic covering and is used for storing computer information) 软（磁）碟 Compare hard disk
adj. 松软的；叭嗒叭嗒响的；懒散的，邋遢的
 - nesh, fluffy

Word: fortitude
Front: fortitude
[ˈfɔ:tɪtju:d] (托宝 17185/19454)
Vocabulary: fortitude
(once / 1090 pages)
n
Fortitude refers to strength in the face of adversity or difficulty. Eating fried worms might require a lot of intestinal fortitude.
When someone has fortitude it means that they have emotional power or reserves and the ability to withstand adversity. People who have fortitude are described in an admiring way for their courage and this word comes from the Latin word fortitudo, meaning "strength." Jacueline Bisset, someone who knows about beauty, said, "Character contributes to beauty. It fortifies a woman as her youth fades. A mode of conduct, a standard of courage, discipline, fortitude and integrity can do a great deal to make a woman beautiful."
WORD FAMILY
fortitude: fortitudes
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Oakland Raiders slipped on their pads, donned their uniforms and summoned the fortitude to play.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
What happens next isn’t just a test of her fortitude, but also of ours.
Time(Dec 28, 2016)
Scott Burns, a director at US investment firm Morningstar, says that Mr Gardner "is just an amazing testament of fortitude".
BBC(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: n. 坚韧，刚毅; 刚毅精神; 松柏节操
分布：刚毅(51%)，坚毅(32%)，不屈不挠(17%)
→来自fort, 坚固，坚强，堡垒。
刚毅,不屈不挠(fort+itude表示状态→强的状态)[fore,fort=storng,表示"强大,力量"]
坚忍不拔(fort坚强;参考:fortify加强)[-itude表名词"性质,状态等"]
US ['fɔ:r.tˌə.tu:d] noun uncountable formal
■bravery over a long period 勇气，坚韧，刚毅
• I thought she showed remarkable fortitude during that period. 我认为她在那段时期表现出了惊人的勇气。
n. 刚毅；不屈不挠；勇气
 - courage, heart, nerve

Word: fragrant
Front: fragrant
[ˈfreɪgrənt] (高研六托宝 9055/12331 -1)
Vocabulary: fragrant
(once / 367 pages)
adj
Something that is fragrant has a nice smell. What makes a smell nice is subjective, or course. You might find bowl of dried lavender to be fragrant, but your dog might prefer a pile of horse poop.
Fragrant things emit good smells, like flowers, trees, or cooking. Maybe you find fresh cut grass fragrant, or the smell of summer rain on asphalt. When a smell gets too intense, however, it loses its fragrancy. Someone doused in cologne has bypassed fragrancy for noxiousness. But he’s right on one count: the people we are attracted to are almost always fragrant to us.
WORD FAMILY
fragrant: fragrance, fragrancy, fragrantly+/ fragrance: fragrances/fragrancy: fragrancies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Olalia’s chicken and rice bowl is fragrant and soothing, spiked with chile leaves, ginger, garlic and fish sauce.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Yours may drip like a spaniel’s, too, but every bite of that tender, fragrant pork was worth it.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Spread the pistachios on a small baking sheet and toast for 7 to 8 minutes, until fragrant.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 芳香的，香的; 愉快的; 喷香; 芳菲
分布：馥郁的(70%)，芬香的(30%)
a.香的;芬芳的The air in the garden was warm and fragrant.花园里的空气又温暖又芬芳.
【记】flagrant（adj 臭名昭著的）中的l象掏大粪的棍子fragrant（adj 芳香的）中的r象一朵花
【参】fragrance（n 芬芳；香味）
【反】noisome（adj 有恶臭的；有害的）
adjective
■with a pleasant smell 芳香的，芬芳的
• fragrant flowers 芬芳的花朵
• The sauce itself was light, fragrant and slightly sweet. 酱料本身味道清淡、芳香，而且稍微有点甜味。
adj. 芳香的；愉快的
 - sweet, good, bright, aromatic

Word: fungal
Front: fungal
[ˈfʌŋgl] (12482/22013 -1)
Vocabulary: fungal
(once / 49454 pages)
adj
Fungal things have something to do with a fungus, or an organism that produces spores. The most familiar fungal species are mushrooms.
Yeasts and molds are fungal, and if you see a mildewed area on the wall of your shower, you can say, "Will someone please clean this fungal mess?" The fungal organisms that bear fruit are mushrooms, which you might think of as plants but which really exist in an entirely separate category from plants and animals. Fungal and fungus both come from the Latin, with the probable Greek root sphongos, "sponge."
WORD FAMILY
fungal: antifungal+/antifungal: antifungals
USAGE EXAMPLES
He developed a fungal infection in his mouth — a fallout of an immune system compromised by chemotherapy and radiation treatment.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
"And it became resilient to the fungal disease," he says.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
In October 2012, the fungal pathogen arrived in natural woodland on the East Anglian coast.
BBC(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 真菌的，由真菌引起的; 同“fungous”
分布：真菌的(82%)，由真菌引起的(18%)
→来自fungus, 真菌。
adjective
■caused by a fungus 真菌（引起）的
• a fungal infection 真菌感染

Word: furnishings
Front: furnishings
[ˈfɜ:nɪʃɪŋz] (8603/- -1)
Back: 穿戴用品; 摆设儿; 陈设
分布：家具(82%)，设备(13%)，穿戴用品(2%)，服饰用品(1%)，室内陈设品(1%)，名词furnishing的复数形式.(1%)
US ['fɝ:-] plural noun
■the furniture, curtains and other decorations in a room or building 家俱；室内陈设
• Bathroom furnishings are in the basement of the store, Sir. 卫浴设备在商场的底层，先生。
n. 家具；供应；穿戴用品（furnishing的复数）
 - fittings

Word: gestapo
Front: gestapo
[ɡə'stɑːpəʊ] (38199/23808)
Back: n. 盖世太保
分布：名词(100%)

Word: glazer

Word: furry
Front: furry
[ˈfɜ:ri] (托 13002/14379 -1)
Vocabulary: furry
(once / 5004 pages)
adj
Something that's furry is covered with fur, or a thick coat of hair. Unless she's one of the unusual hairless breeds, like a Sphinx, your cat is probably furry.
Most mammals are furry, in fact, while reptiles tend to be scaly instead. Santa Claus is famous not just for wearing a furry red and white suit, but also for having a long, furry beard. Anything with a surface that resembles fur is furry, from a furry sweater to the furry leaf of a plant.
WORD FAMILY
furry: furriest, furrily+/ fur: furlike, furry, furs, underfur
USAGE EXAMPLES
China tried to drive a furry mammal to extinction.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
First there was Buddy, a yellow Lab who was, essentially, a furry dumpster.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
A Hatchimal—a furry, walking, talking toy bird that hatches from a shell—will be waiting under the tree for her daughter.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 毛皮的，毛皮制的; 有皮毛般覆盖的; 有舌苔的; <美俚>可怕的，毛骨悚然的
级别：furrier, furriest
分布：毛皮的(48%)，似毛皮的(21%)，盖着毛皮的(14%)，沙哑的(10%)，有舌苔的(7%)
US ['fɝ:.i] adjective
■covered with fur 有毛皮覆盖的
• small furry animals 毛茸茸的小动物
■describes things that are made from a soft material that looks like fur 似毛皮的，仿毛皮的
• furry slippers 毛茸茸的拖鞋
• Rosie has a massive collection of furry toys. 罗茜有一大堆毛绒玩具。

Word: glisten
Front: glisten
[ˈglɪsn] (宝 10458/12768 -1)
Vocabulary: glisten
(once / 647 pages)
vn
Glisten is a verb meaning that something looks shiny, like it's wet. Rocks on the beach glisten in the sun. And your sister’s prom dress, covered in sequins, no doubt will glisten under the disco ball.
The word glisten can also be used metaphorically. After you tossed and turned throughout the night, in the morning, you could see the perfect solution glisten right in front of you. As a noun, a glisten is a bright shine. When you are driving into the setting sun, the glisten of the sun on the hood of the car makes it hard to see.
WORD FAMILY
glisten: glistened, glistening, glistens+/ glistening: glisteningly
USAGE EXAMPLES
And for the caviar substitute, add delicate pinky-orange trout roe, glistening like pearls, and used in abundance.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
We enjoy this benefit year-round, but fresh fruit and produce really glisten in the summer months.
New York Times(Aug 18, 2012)
Several Konkel pieces feature large areas of brushed aluminum whose glistening surfaces mirror Binder’s shiny steel.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vi. 闪耀，闪亮
n. 闪光，闪耀
时态：glistened, glistening, glistens
分布：闪耀(44%)，闪光(36%)，闪亮(20%)
→来自ghel, 照耀，发光，词源同glass, gold.
【记】g，listen（v 听；收听）：要是看就好了，可惜是listen，勉强记吧！哥哥听见了闪光！
verb intransitive
■to shine by reflecting light from a wet, oily or smooth surface （因潮湿、油亮或光滑的表面反光而）闪光，闪耀，闪亮
• The grass glistened in the early-morning dew. 清晨，小草顶着露珠晶莹发亮。
• His eyes glistened with tears. 他的眼里闪着晶莹的泪花。
vi. 闪光，闪亮
 - flare light, glitter
n. 闪光，闪耀
 - stroboflash, coruscation

Word: guaranty
Front: guaranty
['gærəntɪ] (30258/-)
Back: n. 保证; 保证书; 担保物; 抵押物
vt. 保证，抵押，担保
分布：保证(49%)，担保(36%)，抵押(10%)，保证书(4%)，抵押物(1%)
n. 保证；抵押；担保物
 - assurance, certification, commitment, security, mortgage
vt. 保证；担保；抵押（等于guarantee）
 - assure, undertake, mortgage

Word: haddock
Front: haddock
[ˈhædək] (24650/20594 -1)
Back: n. 小口鳕，黑线鳕（产于北大西洋的食用鱼）
分布：名词(100%)
→词源不详。
noun countable or uncountable (plural haddock)
■a fish that can be eaten, which is found in the North Atlantic 黑线鳕（产于北大西洋，肉可食）

Word: haggard
Front: haggard
[ˈhægəd] (宝 19796/21936)
Vocabulary: haggard
(once / 1515 pages)
adj
Someone who is haggard looks exhausted and worn out, exactly how you'd expect someone who's been lost at sea for days to look.
A haggard appearance is usually the result of a long, harrowing ordeal, like getting lost in the woods or being stranded in the woods for days. An emotional ordeal, like losing a loved one, can also give someone a haggard appearance if they forget to eat, sleep, and take care of themselves. Whatever the ordeal, it will make the person look absolutely awful — pale, gaunt, disheveled, exhausted with dark circles under their eyes and wild, unruly hair.
WORD FAMILY
haggard: haggarder, haggardly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Few things, that is, except being that haggard parent of the wailing child.
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
He became friends with Evans, whose stark images of weathered buildings and haggard farm families were a lasting visual influence.
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
Things went south in a hurry for Klinsmann: when the Americans took the field in Costa Rica, they looked a haggard, uninterested bunch.
The Guardian(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 憔悴的，面容枯槁的
n. 野性未驯的鹰，悍鹰; 2。[废语]难驾驭的人（尤指不肯接受求爱的女人）
分布：憔悴的(60%)，野性的(20%)，野鹰(20%)
→词源不确定，可能来自古法语faulcon hagard,野鹰，被抓获的猎鹰，来自古英语haga,树篱，篱笆，围栏，词源同haw,hedge.因野鹰的天性狂野，桀骜不驯，被抓获后常绝食而亡，因此引申词义消瘦的，后用为形容人憔悴的。或来自hag,老巫婆。
【记】hag（n 女巫；丑老太婆）读：骸骨的－瘦的只剩下骸骨了－消瘦的
【源】哈格德Haggard爵士（英国作家），她写了著名的自传《所罗门王的宝藏和她》，在她的探险中，经历了无数的艰难困苦，最后她憔悴消瘦；筋疲力尽而死。
US [-ɚd] adjective
■looking ill or tired, often with dark skin under the eyes 憔悴的，形容枯槁的
• He'd been drinking the night before and was looking a bit haggard. 他前一天晚上喝了酒，看起来有点憔悴。
adj. 憔悴的；野性的
 - gaunt, toilworn

Word: gyroscope
Front: gyroscope
[ˈdʒaɪrəskəʊp] (24709/42051)
Vocabulary: gyroscope
(once / 16531 pages)
n
A gyroscope is a mechanical tool that can figure out the speed and direction of anything that it’s attached to, and you can find gyroscope technology in compasses, airplanes, video games, and cell phones.
A gyroscope is a circular disk with a pole through the middle, surrounded by three rings that can each rotate whatever direction they please. No matter how you spin the rings, the disc stays flat. In the 1850s, a French physicist used a gyroscope to explain how the Earth rotates on its axis. For his clever experiment, he got to name the gyroscope, choosing a combination of Greek words that literally translates to “circle watcher.”
WORD FAMILY
gyroscope: gyroscopes, gyroscopic+/gyroscopic: gyroscopically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Federal prosecutors said the man sought the accelerometers and gyroscopes for a customer in China without a license from the State Department.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
For years, Lit Motors has worked on the C-1, an electric motorcycle that relies on two large gyroscopes, which prevent it from tipping over.
New York Times(Sep 21, 2016)
It turned out that a gyroscope problem had started a chain of events that prevented solar panels from recharging the batteries.
New York Times(Aug 29, 2016)
Back: n. 陀螺仪，回转仪
分布：陀螺仪(86%)，回转仪(14%)
→gyro-, 旋转。-scope, 看，见telescope. 后用做科技名词。
US [-skoʊp] (also gyro)
noun countable
■a device containing a wheel which spins freely within a frame, used on aircraft and ships to help keep them horizontal, and as a children's toy 陀螺仪，回转仪；（儿童玩具）陀螺

Word: harrow
Front: harrow
[ˈhærəʊ] (托宝 21636/12074)
Back: n. 耙
v. 耙地; 折磨，使苦恼
时态：harrowed, harrowing, harrows
分布：耙(75%)，使苦恼(15%)，耙掘(5%)，伤害(5%)
→来自kerp,*skerp,砍，切，割，词源同shear,sharp,harvest.用于指靶，耙。
【记】读：hard肉，只有使遭受巨大的悲伤和折磨，才能有特别hard的肉。
【区】hallow（v 使神圣）连hall都low了；hollow（n 洞；窟窿）
【参】harrowing（adj 痛心的；悲惨的）
【反】assuage（v 减轻；缓和）；mollify（v 平息）
US ['her.oʊ] noun countable
■a large piece of equipment which is pulled behind a tractor (= farm vehicle) to break the earth into small pieces ready for planting 耙
n. [农机] 耙
 - fork
vt. 耙地；使苦恼
 - excruciate, twist

Word: infatuation
Front: infatuation
[ɪnˌfætʃuˈeɪʃn] (宝 17477/21189)
Vocabulary: infatuation
(once / 2484 pages)
n
Infatuation is falling in love with or becoming extremely interested in someone or something for a short time. If you have an infatuation with a particular singer, you probably listen to her on repeat all day long, at least this week.
If something infatuates you, it has caused you to become foolish. We say you have an infatuation when you express a crazy, extreme love of something––a person, a style, a band, anything. Infatuations usually don’t last. Like incredibly intense crushes or the stomach flu, infatuations come on strong and then get forgotten.
WORD FAMILY
infatuation: infatuations+/ infatuate: infatuated, infatuates, infatuating, infatuation / infatuated: infatuatedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the earlier part of this decade, I myself fell prey to a similar infatuation.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
“Dancing to you all night long/you’re a new song,” they sing, capturing the infatuation of music merged with romance.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
"An increasing dislike for the deceased and his infatuation with Ms Livermore provided a motive for the accused to murder the deceased," he said.
BBC(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 热恋，迷恋
分布：迷恋(100%)
→来自infatuate,迷恋，痴迷。
【记】infatuated（adj 昏头昏脑的；入迷的）；fatuous（adj 愚昧的）fat胖人给人一种愚蠢的感觉
【反】odium（n 憎恶；厌恶）
noun countable or uncountable
■strong but not usually lasting feelings of love or attraction （通常短期）热恋，着迷
• It's just an infatuation. She'll get over it. 这只是一时的痴迷，她会从中恢复过来的。
• No one expected their infatuation with each other to last. 没有人认为他们的热恋会持久。
n. 迷恋；醉心
 - Carried Away, lost in

Word: imbibe
Front: imbibe
[ɪmˈbaɪb] (托宝 23983/23889)
Vocabulary: imbibe
(once / 1915 pages)
v
Imbibe is a fancy word for "drink." If you need to imbibe ten cups of coffee just to get out of the house, you might have a caffeine problem.
Although the verb imbibe means to take in liquids of any sort, if you don't specify the liquid, people are likely to infer you mean an alcoholic beverage. You can also use it figuratively. If you have imbibed every detail about every battle of the U.S. Civil War, you must find the subject interesting.
WORD FAMILY
imbibe: imbibed, imbiber, imbibes, imbibing, imbibition+/imbiber: imbibers/imbibing: imbibings/imbibition: imbibitions
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Cradduck pointed to the long tradition of beer brewing and imbibing among holy Christian orders and said he didn’t select the beverages himself.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
And though I didn’t imbibe when I saw this show in London, I left it in a state of happy intoxication.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Smoking on the ice is no longer permitted, and many provinces prohibit imbibing during play.
New York Times(Nov 13, 2016)
Back: vt. 吸收; 喝; 吸取; 吸气
时态：imbibed, imbibing, imbibes
分布：吸收(42%)，饮(30%)，吸入(28%)
→im-,进入，使，-bib,喝，饮，词源同bibulous,beverage.即喝进去，引申词义吸收。
喝入,饮[bib=drink(喝)]
【记】im进入，bibe喝－喝入－吸收
【参】pipe（n 管子；输送管）用pipe吸水－吸收
verb
intransitive or transitive formal or humorous
■to drink, especially alcohol 喝，饮（尤指酒）
• Have you been imbibing again? 你又在喝酒了吗？
transitive
■to receive and accept information, etc. 接收和获取资讯等
vt. 吸收，接受；喝；吸入
 - absorb, adopt

Word: lockstep
Front: lockstep
[ˈlɒkstep] (24715/-)
Back: n. 因循守旧; 陈旧古板的做法; 前后紧接; 步伐一致
分布：因循守旧(50%)，步调一致(50%)
n. 因循守旧；密集连锁的步伐；步伐一致
 - conformism

Word: kilt
Front: kilt
[kɪlt] (20308/20199)
Vocabulary: kilt
(once / 4032 pages)
n
The Scottish kilt resembles a plaid skirt, but it's traditionally worn by men. Bagpipers and Highland dancers often wear kilts, and you may even see hipsters in Brooklyn donning them.
Today men and women both wear kilts, usually held closed by a large pin and accompanied by knee socks, but its tradition began with men and boys in Scotland. You're most likely to see Scots in kilts at formal events like weddings, Highland games, and funerals. The word kilt comes from the Middle English verb kilten, "to tuck up."
WORD FAMILY
kilt: kilts
USAGE EXAMPLES
Wearing a kilt, frilly shirt, cape and tricorn hat, Mr. Stewart strolled ahead of the truck while ringing his bell.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 11, 2016)
They had flown in from places as far-flung as London and Whitefish, Mont. One man wore a kilt.
New York Times(Nov 19, 2016)
He practiced at a Kuwaiti military base, while wearing his kilt, sporran, dress shoes and other traditional Highland dress.
Washington Times(Nov 18, 2016)
Back: n. 苏格兰褶裥短裙
vt. 卷起（裙）; 打直褶
分布：苏格兰方格呢短裙(58%)，卷起(28%)，撩起(14%)
→来自中古英语kilten,卷，卷起，来自古诺斯语kilting,褶衫，褶裙。可能来自Proto-Germanic*kelt,子宫，来自gelt,鼓起的腹部，圆鼓鼓的，词源同child,dolphin.
noun countable
■a skirt with many folds, made from tartan cloth and traditionally worn by Scottish men and boys （苏格兰男子穿的）褶裥短裙
vt. （苏格兰）卷起（群等）；给...穿短裙
 - curl up, roll up

Word: ingush

Word: lowish

Word: melanoma
Front: melanoma
[ˌmeləˈnəʊmə] (15367/27394)
Back: n. （恶性）黑素瘤，（良性）胎记瘤
分布：名词(100%)
→melan-,黑色的，-oma,瘤，肿块，词源同sarcoma,carcinoma.
US [-'noʊ-] noun countable specialized
■a type of skin cancer that appears as a coloured mark or growth on the skin 黑色素瘤

Word: moist
Front: moist
[mɔɪst] (研四六托雅 6541/7866 -1)
Vocabulary: moist
(once / 270 pages)
adj
Moist things feel damp when you touch them — they're just a little bit wet. You might want to bring a blanket to sit on for a picnic, especially if it rained yesterday and the grass is still moist.
Your houseplants are happiest when their soil is moist, and cake is most delicious if it's a little moist, not dry and crumbly. You can also describe your friend's eyes full of tears as moist, or the air on a densely foggy morning as moist. For some reason, the word moist frequently shows up on lists of "least favorite words," which makes more sense when you know its Latin root, muscidus — "moldy" or "slimy."
WORD FAMILY
moist: moisten, moister, moistly, moistness+/ moisten: moistened, moistener, moistening, moistens, moisture /moistener: moisteners/moistening: moistenings/ moisture: moistures, moisturise, moisturize / moisturize: moisturized, moisturizes, moisturizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Bite for bite, it’s delicate, extremely mild and moist.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Keep the plant on a moist pebble tray to provide extra humidity, and try to keep temperatures above 55 degrees.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
To his surprise, microwaves emanating from the ground suggested that in some parts of the oven-hot desert, the soil is moist.
Science Magazine(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 潮湿的; 微湿的; 多雨的; 含泪的
级别：moister, moistest
分布：潮湿的(69%)，湿润的(31%)
→来自拉丁语musteus,新鲜的，带水滴的，来自meus,水气，潮气，词源同mist,must,moss.
a.潮湿的,湿润的,多雨的His eyes were moist with tears.他的眼睛泪水汪汪.
adjective
■slightly wet, especially in a good way 潮湿的；湿润的
• Keep the soil in the pot moist, but not too wet. 让花盆中的土保持湿润，但不要太湿。
• approving This cake is lovely and moist! 这个蛋糕很好吃，非常松软！
⇒ See also damp
damp, moist, wet, humid
这组词都有“潮湿的”的意思，其区别是：
damp: 指吸进或覆盖着一点水份，常表示潮湿得使人不舒服。
moist: 指微湿，侧重不干，但并非湿得使人不快。
wet: 普通用词，指各种潮湿的状态。
humid: 正式用词，特指空气与天气的潮湿，相对湿度大。
adj. [气象] [物] 潮湿的；多雨的；含泪的
 - wet, humid
n. [气象] [物] 潮湿
 - dampness, humidification

Word: moonshine
Front: moonshine
[ˈmu:nʃaɪn] (26394/42890)
Vocabulary: moonshine
(once / 2843 pages)
1n 2nv
Moonshine is the glowing light that comes from the moon, and it's also a common term meaning "homemade liquor." In an old-timey bluegrass song, a character might drink moonshine in the moonshine.
While moonshine can simply be a synonym for moonlight, it's often used as slang for bootleg (or illicit) whiskey, as well as a colorful way to say "nonsense." For example, you could say, "I listened to her speech, but I finally decided everything she said was nothing but moonshine." This "without substance" meaning is actually the oldest figurative definition of moonshine, dating from the fifteenth century.
WORD FAMILY
moonshine: moonshined, moonshiner, moonshines, moonshining+/moonshiner: moonshiners
USAGE EXAMPLES
The officer found an unloaded rifle and a jug of moonshine in Udin’s vehicle.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Wow, in “The Last Waltz,” it seems like most of your time was spent playing pool and sitting around drinking moonshine backstage.
Salon(Dec 08, 2016)
The tavern pours a kind of refined Puerto Rican moonshine called Pitorro from Port Morris Distillery next door, also a partner in the tavern.
New York Times(Nov 22, 2016)
Back: n. 月光; 空谈; 妄想; 私酒
分布：月光(64%)，空话(27%)，荒唐的空想(9%)
→比喻用法，比喻偷偷摸摸。
noun uncountable
ALCOHOL 酒 mainly US alcoholic drink made illegally 非法酿制的酒；私酿酒
['mu:n.ʃaɪn] noun uncountable
SPEECH 说话 informal
■nonsense; silly talk 胡言乱语；蠢话
n. 月光；空谈
 - talk, phrasemongering

Word: misappropriate
Front: misappropriate
[ˌmɪsəˈprəʊprieɪt] (32767/33445)
Vocabulary: misappropriate
(once / 16016 pages)
v
When you misappropriate something, you steal it, or otherwise use it in a way its owner didn't intend.
You might hear the phrase "to misappropriate funds" on the news — usually what this means is that someone who has access to money at work has stolen some of it. A banker might misappropriate money, for example, paying himself a bonus, or the manager of a charity might misappropriate donations, using them to buy herself a new car. Misappropriate combines the prefix mis, "bad or wrong," and appropriate, "take possession of."
WORD FAMILY
misappropriate: misappropriated, misappropriates, misappropriating, misappropriation+/ appropriate: appropriable, appropriated, appropriately, appropriateness, appropriates, appropriating, appropriation, appropriative, appropriator, misappropriate / appropriation: appropriations/appropriator: appropriators/misappropriation: misappropriations
USAGE EXAMPLES
On Monday, the Ministry of Finance criticized some local governments for misappropriating funds earmarked for smog control.
Reuters(Dec 12, 2016)
Fattah misappropriated hundreds of thousands of dollars in campaign, charity and taxpayer money in multiple unrelated schemes stretching over several years, according to prosecutors.
Reuters(Dec 12, 2016)
“Williams & Connolly . . . took this well-established and open practice of spending and turned it on Elwood suggesting that he had misappropriated company funds.”
Washington Post(Nov 20, 2016)
Back: vt. 不正确地使用; 挪用; 侵吞（他人的钱等）; 盗用
adj. =inappropriate
时态：misappropriated, misappropriating, misappropriates
分布：滥用(82%)，误用(18%)
→mis-,坏的，错的，不好的，此处表强调，appropriate,盗用，侵吞。
US [-'proʊ-] formal
verb transitive
■to steal something that you have been trusted to take care of and use it for your own good 挪用；盗用；侵吞；私占
• He is accused of misappropriating $30 000 to pay off gambling debts. 他被控挪用了三万美元去偿还赌债。
vt. 侵占；盗用；滥用
 - strain, abuse

Word: mutineer
Front: mutineer
[ˌmju:təˈnɪə(r)] (宝 30221/27736)
Back: n. 反叛者，哗变者
分布：叛变者(58%)，反叛者(42%)
→来自mutiny,哗变，暴乱。
背叛者(mutiny哗变)[-eer表名词"…人员"]
【记】mut变化：变化忠诚对象的人－反叛者muti读：墓地，neer＝near：离墓地很近，要被砍死的人－反叛者
【参】mutinous（adj 暴动的；反抗的）
US [-tˌɪ'nɪr] noun countable
■someone who takes part in a mutiny 反叛者，叛变者
n. 反抗者；叛变者
 - revolter, resister

Word: ossify
Front: ossify
[ˈɒsɪfaɪ] (宝 36004/48357)
Vocabulary: ossify
(once / 11464 pages)
v
Ossify means to become bony. When a baby is born, some of their "bones" are actually soft cartilage, which allows for growth. As the child grows, these soft areas ossify into actual bone. The knee cap, for example, begins to ossify between ages 3 and 6.
From the literal "to become bony" meaning of ossify, we get the more figurative meaning: to become rigid or hardened. Although you and other young people may be willing to effect social changes, many older voters have ossified in their opinions. Convincing these rigid thinkers that these changes are good for the country will be quite the challenge. If your kids sneak food to their rooms, you may find ossified cheese under the beds. Even mice won't touch that!
WORD FAMILY
ossify: ossification, ossified, ossifies, ossifying+/ossification: deossification, ossifications
USAGE EXAMPLES
Half-a-dozen revolts that he helped organise against an ossified Qing dynasty were failures.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
Mr. Trump, for his part, might be seen as delivering a refreshing shake-up to some ossified U.S. positions.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Bill Clinton and Obama also allowed antitrust enforcement to ossify – with the result that large corporations have grown far larger, and major industries more concentrated.
The Guardian(Nov 10, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 骨化，硬化，使僵化
时态：ossified, ossifying, ossifies
分布：僵化(44%)，骨化(36%)，硬化(20%)
→oss-,骨头，-fy,使。即使骨化，引申词义僵化。
钙化,僵化(oss+ify)[oss=bone,表示"骨头"]
【反】transcend conventions（超越传统）
US ['ɑ:.sə-] verb
IDEAS 思想
intransitive or transitive formal disapproving
■If habits or ideas ossify, or if something ossifies them, they become fixed and unable to change （使）（习惯或思想）僵化；（使）固定不变
• Years of easy success had ossified the company's thinking and it never faced up to the challenge of the new technology. 多年来轻易取得的成功令这家公司变得思维僵化，从不勇敢面对新技术带来的挑战。
UK ['ɒs.ɪ.faɪ] US ['ɑ:.sə-] verb
BODY 身体
intransitive specialized
■If body tissue ossifies, it becomes hard and changes into bone. （身体组织）骨化
vi. 骨化；硬化；僵化
 - sclerose
vt. 使硬化；使骨化；使僵化
 - Burtonize, metalize

Word: nam
Front: nam
[nɑːm] (-/13403)
Back: v. 偷( nim的过去式 ); 窃; 扒; 拿取

Word: nought
Front: nought
[nɔ:t] (六雅 38124/9240 -1)
Back: n. 零; 没有
分布：无(44%)，没有(31%)，零(25%)
→来自naught的拼写变体，后naught被赋予感情色情，调皮的，捣蛋的，nought用于指数字零。
US [nɑ:t] number
ZERO 零
countable mainly UK (US usually naught)
■the number 0 or zero （数字）0；零
• He said it was only worth £10, but really you could add a couple of noughts to that (= it is really worth £1000). 他说这值十英镑，但事实上你在后面加上两个零还差不多。
UK [nɔ:t] US [nɑ:t] number
NOTHING 无
uncountable
■ naught (NOTHING)
n. [数] 零；没有
 - absence, nothing

Word: obstinate
Front: obstinate
[ˈɒbstɪnət] (研六托雅宝 21852/18767 -1)
Vocabulary: obstinate
(once / 338 pages)
adjv
When someone is beyond stubborn, use the word obstinate instead: "You obstinate old mule! Get out of my way!"
While stubborn may have positive or negative connotations, obstinate is most definitely negative, because it implies a kind of hard-headed determination not to change your mind even when it might be best to rethink your position. "The obstinate Man does not hold Opinions, but they hold him," wrote Samuel Butler way back in the seventeenth century. The word still does the trick if you want a put-down for someone you think is being a pig-headed fool or a stick in the mud.
WORD FAMILY
obstinate: obstinacy, obstinance, obstinately, obstinater, obstinates, obstinatest, obstinating+/ obstinacy: obstinacies
USAGE EXAMPLES
All this fits the stereotype of “Jewish uproar”—of a noisy, obstinate people.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
The legislature will reconvene in 2017 but with both sides obstinate, it is unclear where lawmakers will find compromise.
Time(Dec 21, 2016)
Zimmerman was nagged early last season by plantar fasciitis in his foot and throughout the year by an obstinate batting average.
Washington Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 顽固的; 固执的; 难于控制的; 方头不劣
分布：固执的(53%)，倔强的(42%)，不易屈服的(5%)
→ob-,相对，对着的，-stin,站，站立，词源同stand,destiny.即对着站的，站在对面的，引申词义对手，顽固的。
顽固的(ob反+stin+ate→[和别人]反着站→顽固的)[st,sta,stat,stan,stant,stin=stand表示"站,立"]
【记】ob我不，stin拿，ate吃的一我不吃东西一固执的
【反】tractable（adj 易驾驭的；易处理的）
US ['ɑ:b.stə-] adjective
■unreasonably determined, especially to act in a particular way and not to change at all, despite what anyone else says 顽固的，固执的；倔强的
• He can be very obstinate at times. 他有的时候会非常固执。
• her obstinate refusal to compromise 她的拒不妥协
[before noun]
■describes a problem, situation or thing that is difficult to deal with, remove or defeat 棘手的；难以清除的；难以克服的
• obstinate weeds 难以除尽的野草
• Invading troops met with obstinate resistance by guerilla forces. 侵略军遭到游击队的顽强抵抗。
obedient, objective, obstinate, obscure
obedient: 服从的，顺从的
objective: 客观的；
obstinate: 顽固的，顽强的；
obscure: 晦涩的，难理解的；
obstinate, stubborn
这组词都有“固执的，顽固的”的意思，其区别是：
obstinate: 指无理地固执已见或听不进他人忠告、意见等顽固性格。
stubborn: 用于褒义指坚定不移，执意顽强；用于贬义指固执已见，侧重生性固执。
adj. 顽固的；倔强的；难以控制的
 - resistant, stubborn

Word: ninety
Front: ninety
[ˈnaɪnti] (中高 8279/1948 -5)
Vocabulary: ninety
(once / 834 pages)
nadj
Ninety is a number that's ten more than eighty and ten less than a hundred.
Ninety is a pretty big number, but there's not much else to say about it. It's one of those numbers like "sixty" or "seventy" that is formed by attaching a number in the range of 1-9 and "ty" to represent values in the tens place starting with that number. And if you were alive during the nineties (the years from 1990-1999), you probably watched a lot of "Seinfeld" and "Friends."
WORD FAMILY
ninety: nineties, ninetieth+/nineties: mid-nineties/ninetieth: ninetieths
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ninety days after diagnosis, 51 percent reported fatigue, 32 percent cough, and 28 percent shortness of breath.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
And, in the nineties, Nike faced a boycott over its reliance on sweatshop labor.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Roger grew up in South Florida, and in the nineties he was a running back for St. Thomas.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: num. 九十
n. 九十; 九十年代; 九十岁
adj. 九十的; 九十岁的
分布：九十(100%)
→nine,九，-ty,十。
num.九十,九十个He is ninety.他九十岁.
US [-tˌi] number
 ESSENTIAL
■the number 90 （数字）90
• eighty, ninety, a hundred 80， 90， 100
• Ninety percent of the people surveyed were in favour. 90%的被访者表示赞成。
UK ['naɪn.ti] US [-tˌi] number
ninety-nine times out of a hundred (also nine times out of ten)
■almost always 几乎总是
• Ninety-nine times out of a hundred everything's fine, but now and then there's a problem. 大多数时候一切顺利，但偶尔也会出现问题。

Word: piccadilly
Front: piccadilly
[ˌpɪkə'dɪli] (-/11435)
Back: n. 伦敦繁华的大街之一; [电影]唐人街繁华梦
分布：名词(100%)

Word: permian

Word: pathologist
Front: pathologist
[pəˈθɒlədʒɪst] (11711/12554)
Vocabulary: pathologist
(once / 9760 pages)
n
A student who is fascinated with the causes of disease and death might decide to go to medical school and become a pathologist.
A medical doctor who performs autopsies to learn how patients died is a pathologist. Other pathologists trace illness back to their root causes, or diagnose diseases such as cancer. When a doctor decides to to become a pathologist, her field is called "pathology." The Greek root of both words is pathologikos, "treating of disease," which combines pathos, "suffering," with logia, "study, or the study of."
WORD FAMILY
pathologist: pathologists+/ pathological: pathologically/ pathology: pathologic, pathological, pathologies, pathologist
USAGE EXAMPLES
She was a grumpy, skeptical woman, and the reason I wanted to be a forensic pathologist for most of my early adolescence.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
A pathologist determined the cause of death to be a shot to the stomach, causing heavy blood loss.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
In October, Ramsey sued a forensic pathologist featured on the show who said he bludgeoned his sister to death.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 病理学家
分布：病理学者(100%)
US [-'θɑ:.lə-] noun countable
■an expert in the study of diseases, especially someone who examines a dead person's body and cuts it open to discover how they died 病理学家

Word: postwar
Front: postwar
['pəʊst'wɔ:] (托 5928/9300 -2)
Back: adj. 战后的
分布：战后的(100%)
战后的(post+war战争)[post-①表示"在后面"②表示"邮件,邮政"]
adj. 战后的
 - afterwar

Word: polymath
Front: polymath
[ˈpɒlimæθ] (宝 34551/37901)
Vocabulary: polymath
(once / 107449 pages)
n
A polymath is a person who knows a lot about a lot of subjects. If your friend is not only a brilliant physics student but has also published a poetry collection and won prizes at political debates, you can describe her as a polymath.
You can think of a polymath as a classic "Renaissance man." Imagine Leonardo da Vinci, for example, who was not only an amazing artist, but also an engineer, inventor, mathematician, and much more. When a person's knowledge covers many different areas, he or she is a polymath. The Greek word for it is polymathes, "having learned much," with poly meaning "much," and manthanein meaning "learn."
WORD FAMILY
polymath: polymaths
USAGE EXAMPLES
Castro meanwhile was celebrated as a counter-culture idol and a magnetic if messianic polymath.
Time(Nov 26, 2016)
Her late brother Phillip, a political scientist, did not stint in using words like “polymath” and “genius” when speaking of his sister.
The New Yorker(Nov 21, 2016)
Both are polymaths who seemed to excel at whatever they tried.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 10, 2016)
Back: n. 博学者，博识者
分布：知识广博的(50%)，博学的人(50%)
→poly-,多，复，聚，-math,知识，学习，词源同mathematics,mind.
【记】poly多，math数学；学习一学得多－博学者
【参】polygamy（n 一夫多妻制）＝polyandry：poly多，gamy婚姻，andry男人polyglot（adj 通晓数种语言的）poly多，glot舌头；语言
US ['pɑ:.lɪ-] formal approving
noun countable
■a person who knows a lot about many different subjects 博学的人
adj. 博学的
 - learned, knowing, wise, scholarly, well-read

Word: prim
Front: prim
[prɪm] (宝 19588/20979)
Vocabulary: prim
(once / 1768 pages)
1adjv 2v
Prim means polite, straight-laced, even twee. Many characters in Jane Austen novels are prim and proper.
Prim describes someone who is so concerned with being proper it becomes almost fake. If you go to the beach on spring break wearing a Victorian bathing costume, you're being prim. Clothes can be prim, too, like that long wool swimsuit. If you're feeling crazy, you can use prim as a verb meaning, "to purse your mouth into a prim expression" — like how you prim your lips when you look down your nose at someone using the wrong fork.
WORD FAMILY
prim: primly, primmed, primmer, primmest, primming, primness, prims+/primness: primnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Just shy of six feet tall, with a loose brown bob and prim features, she seems proper but speaks in profanities.
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Brown said prim and proper behavior gets noticed and helps toward success if education and the other right elements are there.
Washington Times(Dec 12, 2016)
“If you are the President of the country, you need to be prim and proper,” he said.
The New Yorker(Nov 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 循规蹈矩的; 整洁的; （人）一本正经
adv. 循规蹈矩地，整洁地
v. （使）一本正经; 使整洁
时态：primmed, primming, prims
分布：拘谨的(45%)，古板的(30%)，规规矩矩的(11%)，使整洁(7%)，庄重的(7%)
→来自古法语prim,精致的，精确的，来自拉丁语primus,最早的，最好的，词源同prime.后引申词义过分注重举止的，一本正经的，古板的。
[prɪm] (primmer, primmest) disapproving
adjective
■very formal and correct in behaviour and easily shocked by anything rude 一板一眼的；拘谨的；古板的
• She's much too prim and proper to drink pints of beer. 她太循规蹈矩了，滴酒不沾。
adj. 拘谨的；整洁的；呆板的
 - mechanical, wooden, formal, dead

Word: prawn
Front: prawn
[prɔ:n] (19467/10506 -1)
Back: n. 对虾，明虾，斑节虾
v. 捕虾，捉虾
分布：对虾(63%)，明虾(37%)
→词源不详。
US [prɑ:n] mainly UK (US usually shrimp)
noun countable
■a small sea animal that can be eaten and which has a shell and ten legs 明虾，大虾
• Prawns are grey when they're raw, and turn pink when they're cooked. 明虾生的时候是灰色的，煮熟了就变成粉红色。
• peeled prawns 剥了壳的明虾
n. 对虾，明虾
 - camaron
vi. 捕虾
 - shrimp

Word: preface
Front: preface
[ˈprefəs] (研四六雅宝 13278/9103 -1)
Vocabulary: preface
(once / 521 pages)
nv
A preface is an introduction to the main text of a book, when an author or critic can write directly to the reader. A preface often describes how a book came together, like a behind-the-scenes glimpse of the final product.
The preface is a place for extra context, thoughts, or even disclaimers about the text that follows. In his preface to Lyrical Ballads, the famous poet William Wordsworth wrote, “The majority of the following poems are to be considered as experiments.” In other words, “Don’t judge me too harshly!” Preface can also be used as a verb meaning "introduce." When you preface a statement with, “No offense but... ,” the person you’re talking to braces for criticism.
WORD FAMILY
preface: prefaced, prefaces, prefacing, prefatorial
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I told him the rest wasn’t important and I wanted to understand his life, why he begged,” Debré explains in the book’s preface.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Let's preface all of this by saying that we can't verify for sure if this is real, because well, look at it.
Golf Digest(Dec 26, 2016)
This year, the list was prefaced with a complaint about, who else, Donald Trump.
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 序言，引语; 开端，前奏; [宗]（弥撒的）序诵，序祷
vi. &vt. 作为…的序言，作为…的开端; 作序; 给…作序; 开始，导致
时态：prefaced, prefacing, prefaces
分布：前言(85%)，序文(7%)，绪言(5%)，以…开始(3%)
→来自古法语preface,前奏，来自拉丁语praefitio,介绍，序言，来自praefari,在前面说的话，来自prae,在前面，fari,说话，来自bha,说话，词源同fable,fame,fate.
前言,序言(pre前面+face→前脸→前言)[fac,fic=face,表示"脸,面"]
n.序言,引言,前言v.作序,写前言The preface is written on the surface of the furnace that faces the space facilities.序言写在面对太空设施的火炉表面.
【记】pre前，face脸－书前面的脸－序言
【参】prefigure（v 预示）；figure（v 描绘；塑造）
【反】epilogue（n 结语；尾声）
noun countable
■an introduction at the beginning of a book explaining its aims 序言，前言
• In his preface, the author says that he took eight years to write the book. 在前言中，作者说他写这本书花了八年。
a preface to sth
■an event which comes before something more important …的序幕（或前奏）
• We're hoping these talks could be a preface to peace. 我们希望这些会谈能拉开和平的序幕。
['pref.ɪs] verb transitive formal
■If you preface your words or actions with something else, you say or do this other thing first 为…写序言；作为…的开端（或序幕）
• Each work is prefaced by a descriptive note and concludes with an author's note. 每一篇作品都以说明性文字作开端，以作者自己的批注为结尾。
• I should like to preface my response with the following observation. 我想用以下评论作为我回应的开头。
preface, introduction
这组词都有“前言，导言”的意思，其区别是：
preface: 指作者或编者为说明全书的目的、范围、编辑方法等在序言之前写的一段简短的序文。
introduction: 普通用词，指任何作品开头对读者或听众说明或介绍该作品，起引导作用的结论部分，和全书内容是一致的。
n. 前言；引语
 - prolegomena, perface
vt. 为…加序言；以…开始
 - begin with, open with

Word: psychoanalysis
Front: psychoanalysis
[ˌsaɪkəʊəˈnæləsɪs] (托 14180/9325 -1)
Vocabulary: psychoanalysis
(once / 10469 pages)
n
Psychoanalysis is a type of long-term therapy that explores the origins of a patient's mental state.
When most people think of psychoanalysis they think of Sigmund Freud, who first developed it at the end of the 19th century. It's a type of psychotherapy that uses stories from childhood, dreams, free association, and other techniques to get at a person's subconscious, or the thoughts and fears hidden deep inside the mind. Psychoanalysis is sometimes described as "talk therapy." The word is rooted in the Greek psychē, or "soul."
WORD FAMILY
psychoanalysis: psychoanalytical
USAGE EXAMPLES
They later lived in New York and Vermont, where she ran a psychoanalysis practice for decades.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
She graduated from what is now the Boston Graduate School of Psychoanalysis and ran a psychoanalysis practice for several decades.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
In the era of psychoanalysis, dreams were suddenly so much more than illustrations of waking preoccupations.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 精神分析（学）; 心理分析
分布：心理分析(100%)
→psycho-,精神，心理，analysis,分析。
US [-koʊ-] noun uncountable
■any of a number of the theories of the human personality, which attempt to examine a person's unconscious mind to discover the hidden causes of their mental problems 精神分析学，心理分析学
• Sigmund Freud is known as the father of psychoanalysis. 西格蒙德•佛洛德是广为人知的精神分析学的鼻祖。

Word: purposeful
Front: purposeful
[ˈpɜ:pəsfl] (12767/11688 -1)
Vocabulary: purposeful
(once / 5119 pages)
adj
Something purposeful is done on purpose: it's meant to achieve an aim.
Lots of things happen accidentally or randomly, but other things have a purpose. Such things can be called purposeful. Going to college, starting a family, giving to a charity, and adopting a dog are all purposeful acts. People have a reason for doing them, and they want to accomplish something specific. Purposeful things are thought-out and intentional.
WORD FAMILY
purposeful: purposefully, purposefulness+/ purpose: multipurpose, purposed, purposeful, purposeless, purposes, purposing/purposeless: purposelessly, purposelessness/purposelessness: purposelessnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s also a purposeful splurge, like the Dinesen Douglas fir floor on which it sits.
Seattle Times(Dec 16, 2016)
“The convenience of it all is obviously purposeful,” said Brad Walker, head of the D-League basketball operations.
New York Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Doing unsolvable puzzles per the order of a social scientist in a lab coat isn’t fun, nor is it purposeful.
Time(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 有目的的，故意的; 意志坚强的，果断的; 有意义的，意味深长的; 重大的
adv. 果断地，有明确目标地
分布：有目的的(65%)，有决心的(18%)，有意义的(13%)，果断的(4%)
US ['pɝ:-] adjective
■showing that you know what you want to do 有明确目标的，有清晰目的的；坚决的
• He has a quiet, purposeful air. 他镇定而又坚决。
adj. 有目的的；有决心的
 - telic, goal-directed

Word: publicist
Front: publicist
[ˈpʌblɪsɪst] (11405/22220 -1)
Vocabulary: publicist
(once / 4385 pages)
n
A publicist creates a media buzz for movie stars, restaurants, or whoever else needs attention. A publicist for a new restaurant might send out a press release to newspapers and magazines announcing the opening, emphasizing the fabulous.
Those whose careers depend on getting attention in the media (on TV and the internet, for example) sometimes pay a publicist to generate coverage in the press. Actors, restaurants, writers, and oil companies are all things or people that commonly use publicists. In the eighteenth century, the word instead meant "person who knows public law" or "writer on current topics."
WORD FAMILY
publicist: publicists+/ public: nonpublic, publically, publicise, publicity, publicize, publicly, publics, semipublic/publicise: publicised, publiciser, publicising/ publicity: publicist, publicities/ publicize: publicized, publicizer, publicizes, publicizing/publicizer: publicizers/semipublic: semipublicly
USAGE EXAMPLES
After some hemming and hawing that involved five publicists — welcome to Hollywood — the Stallone family declined my requests for interviews.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
At the time, the singer’s U.S. publicist told People magazine that the cause was heart failure and that he passed away “peacefully.”
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Shortly after Reynolds’ death was announced Wednesday I got a text from the publicist who was at the interview that day.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 宣传人员; 宣传代理人; 政论家; 时事评论员
分布：国际法学家(33%)，宣传员(31%)，政治评论家(26%)，政治记者(10%)
→来自public,公众的，公开的，-ist,人。
noun countable
■someone who arranges publicity for a person or organization by giving information to reporters and broadcasters and arranging public meetings and special events 宣传员；广告人员；公关人员
n. 国际法学家；宣传人员；公法学家
 - internationalist

Word: restatement
Front: restatement
[ˌri:'steɪtmənt] (25588/22440)
Back: n. 再声明，重述
分布：重述(79%)，再声明(21%)

Word: rapporteur
Front: rapporteur
[ˌræpɔ:ˈtɜ:(r)] (37913/43663)
Back: n. 大会报告起草人
分布：记录员(42%)，书记(35%)，报告人(23%)
→来自 rapport,融洽，-eur,人。即调停的人，引申词义特派调查员。
n. 记录员；书记；大会报告起草人
 - secretary, clerk

Word: revolver
Front: revolver
[rɪˈvɒlvə(r)] (11031/12565 -1)
Vocabulary: revolver
(once / 404 pages)
1n 2n
A revolver is a gun that can be held in one hand and has a revolving cylinder. Most revolvers can fire six bullets without being reloaded.
You can also call a revolver a pistol or a handgun or even a six-shooter. This last nickname comes from the fact that many revolvers have six chambers for bullets in their revolving cylinders. Originally, they were called revolving guns, but the man who invented them, Samuel Colt, preferred the briefer revolver, and it caught on.
WORD FAMILY
revolver: revolvers+/ revolve: revolved, revolver, revolves, revolving
USAGE EXAMPLES
The same .38-caliber revolver was used in all four shootings.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
He said the man was an “older Mexican gentleman” and that it looked like the firearm was a revolver.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
One of Sweden’s best-known modern artists and the creator of the iconic statue of a revolver barrel tied in a knot.
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 左轮手枪; 旋转者，旋转式装置; [冶]转炉
分布：左轮手枪(100%)
→来自 revolve,旋转，转动。后用于指左轮手枪。
左轮手枪(re+volv+er→子弹旋转打出)[vol,volv,volt=roll,turn,表示"卷,转"]
US [-'vɑ:l.vɚ] noun countable
■a type of small gun held in one hand that can be fired several times without putting more bullets in it 左轮手枪

Word: rudderless
Front: rudderless
[ˈrʌdələs] (32416/34915)
Back: adj. 无指导者的，无舵的
分布：无舵的(58%)，无指导者的(42%)
US [-ɚ-] adjective
■(of an organization) without anyone in control and therefore unable to take decisions （组织）群龙无首的，无人领导的，无人管理的

Word: rummage
Front: rummage
[ˈrʌmɪdʒ] (11327/12654 -1)
Vocabulary: rummage
(once / 2689 pages)
vn
Rummage means to search for something, but in a scattered, disorganized manner. You can rummage through your drawer looking for a lost sock, or you could even hold "a rummage sale" to sell off all your socks that are missing their mates.
Ahoy, mateys: the word rummage hails from a sea-faring background. The Middle Dutch ruim, Germanic rum, and Old English rum all referred to a compartment on a ship, probably stemming from the Middle French verb arrumer, "to stow goods in the hold of a ship." The idea of rummaging as searching was first recorded in the 1620s. The first rummage sale also had its ship connection, as it was a sale on the docks of unclaimed items.
WORD FAMILY
rummage: rummaged, rummages, rummaging
USAGE EXAMPLES
But this year, they found themselves scrambling for doctors' numbers, sending guests home hungry and rummaging through cupboards for backup plans.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Rummaging in bins we get hockey helmets with face cages; shoulder, chest and elbow pads; gloves and shin/knee guards.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Rummage through most instruction books, and you'll find a lot on the subject of timing, but little on time.
Golf Digest(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: v. 翻查; 搜出; 翻箱倒柜
n. 翻查，搜查; 杂物，七零八碎的东西
时态：rummaged, rummaging, rummages
分布：检查(38%)，到处翻寻(21%)，搜出(21%)，翻箱倒柜的寻找(10%)，临检(10%)
→rum-,屋子，室，词源同 room,-age,名词后缀。原义为检查船舱堆放货物是否捆绑牢固，后引 申词义乱翻，搜寻。
verb intransitive + adverb or preposition
■to search for something by moving things around carelessly and looking into, under and behind them 翻找，翻寻，乱翻
• She rummaged in/through all the drawers, looking for a pen. 她把所有抽屉都翻了个遍，想找支笔。
vt. 检查；搜出；仔细搜查；翻找出
 - examine, inspect, review
n. 翻找；检查；查出的物件；零星杂物
 - inspection, examination, checking, monitoring
vi. 翻找；仔细搜查
 - hunt throw

Word: sapphire
Front: sapphire
[ˈsæfaɪə(r)] (托宝 17213/16599 -1)
Vocabulary: sapphire
(once / 2045 pages)
nadj
If your grandmother gives you her sapphire ring, it will probably have a translucent blue stone on it, though you may end up with a rare yellow or red sapphire.
This blue gemstone is commonly known as the birthstone for those born in September. The word sapphire has been kicking around English for more than 700 years and enjoyed at least two dozen spellings before settling on the current, counterintuitive one. The Greek origin, sappheiros, means "blue stone," although it probably refers not to the sapphire but to another blue stone, the lapis lazuli.
WORD FAMILY
sapphire: sapphires
USAGE EXAMPLES
In 1968, he fashioned an 8-karat-gold cue for Dean Martin, which included four diamonds, an emerald, a sapphire and a ruby.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 08, 2016)
This year’s royals, named Friday night, are Sapphire Andersen, a senior from Aurora, and Nick Rieschl, a senior from Omaha.
Washington Times(Nov 05, 2016)
Sapphire Scott, 19, an African-American, stood out among the largely white crowd.
New York Times(Oct 26, 2016)
Back: n. 蓝宝石; 蔚蓝色
adj. 蔚蓝色的
分布：蓝宝石(87%)，蓝宝石的(9%)，深蓝色(2%)，深蓝色的(2%)
→来自拉丁语 sapphirus,来自希腊语 sappheiros,来自希伯来语 sappir,蓝宝石。
【记】sap（n 树液），p，hire雇佣：雇佣人把树液中加入蓝色素－蓝宝石
US [-aɪr] noun
countable or uncountable
■a transparent, usually bright blue, precious stone 蓝宝石
• a sapphire ring/bracelet 蓝宝石戒指／手镯
uncountable (sapphire blue)
■bright blue 宝石蓝色（的），天蓝色（的）
UK ['sæf.aɪər] US [-aɪr] adjective (sapphire blue)
■bright blue 宝石蓝色（的），天蓝色（的）
n. [宝] 蓝宝石；青玉；天蓝色
 - ciel, cerulean blue
adj. 天蓝色的
 - sky-blue, skyey

Word: salinity
Front: salinity
[sə'lɪnətɪ] (托 18060/27542)
Vocabulary: salinity
(once / 29329 pages)
n
The word salinity can mean the relative proportion of salt in a solution. Increasing the salinity of a solution will make it sterile, which is why it is often used in medical procedures.
The noun salinity is derived from the word saline thought to come from the Latin word salinium meaning "salt cellar" and the suffix ity meaning "condition or quality of being." Mixing salt with water makes a solution with high salinity, which has a sterilizing effect when used in medicine. Salinity is also associated with taste and food. You'll want to avoid foods with high salinity if you have high blood pressure.
WORD FAMILY
salinity: salinities+/desalinise: desalinisation/ saline: desalinise, salines, salinity
USAGE EXAMPLES
Not long ago, freshwater from the oak-forested mountains on the Iraqi border replenished the lake each year and rebalanced its salinity.
The New Yorker(Jan 02, 2017)
The tint of each pond is an indication of its salinity.
BBC(Dec 15, 2016)
The temperature and salinity of seawater, which affect DNA’s stability, would have to be accounted for.
Economist(Nov 17, 2016)
Back: n. 盐分，盐度; 盐浓度; 盐份
分布：盐分(87%)，盐浓度(13%)
含盐量(saline+ity)[sal=salt表示"盐"]
ADJ
盐的;含盐的;咸的
A saline substance or liquid contains salt.
例：...a saline solution.盐溶液
例：...warm, saline water.温热的盐水

Word: sardine
Front: sardine
[ˌsɑ:ˈdi:n] (六 15458/15933 -1)
Vocabulary: sardine
(once / 4252 pages)
1n 2n
A sardine is a very small, oily fish. You might like to eat sardines on toast for lunch. If you do, we suggest an after-lunch mint may be in order.
Sardines are most often bought canned, lined up in rows in little tins. The word sardine is actually a general term — it refers to a type of fish, most often a small herring, while a slightly larger one is sometimes called a pilchard. The phrase "packed like sardines," describing people crowded together in a tight spot like an elevator or a subway car, comes from the way sardines look in cans. The word itself comes from the Mediterranean island Sardinia.
WORD FAMILY
sardine: sardines
USAGE EXAMPLES
We feasted: beer, wine, Prosecco and mountains of lobster, shrimp, sardines, and anchovies, a local specialty.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
The richest sources in food include fish like herring, sardines, mackerel, eel and salmon.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The class of 44 so cramped NASA’s training facilities it was humorously nicknamed “the Sardines.”
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 沙丁鱼; 庸碌无能的人
vt. 紧紧地裹起来，塞满
分布：沙丁鱼(100%)
→来自希腊语 sardine,沙丁鱼，来自 Sardo,撒丁岛，意大利岛屿，旅游胜地。据说因这种鱼从 该岛附近捕捉而得名。
US [sɑ:r-] noun countable
■a small sea fish which can be eaten 沙丁鱼
• a tin of sardines 一罐沙丁鱼
UK [sɑ:'di:n] US [sɑ:r-] noun countable
packed/squashed like sardines
■If people are packed or squashed like sardines, they are positioned very close together so that they cannot move 拥挤不堪，（像沙丁鱼一样）紧紧挤在一起
• We were squashed like sardines in the rush-hour train. 我们像沙丁鱼一样挤在尖峰时段的火车上。
n. [鱼] 沙丁鱼；庸碌无能的人
 - pilchard

Word: snitch
Front: snitch
[snɪtʃ] (宝 25710/-)
Back: n. 告密者，告发者
v. 偷
时态：snitched, snitching, snitches
分布：告发者(27%)，告密(24%)，告密者(24%)，偷(21%)，偷取(4%)
→来自辅音丛 sn-,鼻子，闻，嗅，发鼻音，比较 sneer,snore,snicker,sniff,snuff.拼写可能受 snatch 影响。引申比喻义告密者及相关动词词义。
【记】偷偷snatch别人东西的人就是snitch
verb
TELL SECRETLY 偷偷告诉
intransitive slang disapproving
■to secretly tell someone in authority that someone else has done something bad, often in order to cause trouble 告发，告密，揭发； 举发
• He snitched to my boss that I'd been making long-distance calls at work! 他向老板告密，说我上班时打长途电话！
• She's always snitching on someone. 她总是打别人小报告。
[snɪtʃ] verb
STEAL 偷
transitive informal
■to steal something 偷窃，盗窃
• "Where did you get that money?" "I snitched it from my dad when he wasn't looking." “你从哪里搞到的那些钱？”“我趁爸爸不注意时偷的。”
vi. 告密；进行小偷小摸
 - inform, rat
vt. 偷；顺手牵羊
 - to pick up, glom
n. 告密者；告发者
 - informer, confidential informant

Word: schiller

Word: sojourn
Front: sojourn
[ˈsɒdʒən] (托宝 16174/18893)
Vocabulary: sojourn
(once / 914 pages)
nv
A sojourn is a short stay or visit. If you want a fancy way to say that you took a trip to the countryside, you might talk about your country sojourn.
The verb is originally from the Latin prefix sub- "under" plus diurnus "of a day." You might refer to your vacation as a sojourn, but it might make more sense if you are describing a trip to Provence rather than a trip to Disney World. Or In figurative use, sojourn means to delve––your math teacher may stop midway through lessons on fractions for a brief sojourn into techniques for slicing pie.
WORD FAMILY
sojourn: sojourned, sojourner, sojourning, sojourns+/sojourner: sojourners
USAGE EXAMPLES
Is it maturity — to endure, to survive long stretches of emotional tumult on moxie and sojourns to the gym?
Salon(Dec 25, 2016)
Trump’s sojourn to the party was his only expedition on Saturday outside the Manhattan skyscraper that bears his name.
Seattle Times(Dec 03, 2016)
But, nevertheless, my shopping sojourn offered some hints about what shoppers might expect if they try in-store pickup this holiday season.
Washington Post(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: n. 逗留，旅居
时态：sojourned, sojourning, sojourns
分布：逗留(53%)，旅居(47%)
→来自古法语 sojurner,逗留，暂住一段时间，来自通俗拉丁语*subdiurnare,停留一天，玩一天， 来自 sub-,在下，持续，-diurn,天，一天，词源同 diurnal,journal.
旅居;逗留(so[=sub在...下面)+journ→在旅行→旅居)[journ=day,表示"日期"]
【记】so，journ＝journey（n /v 旅行）
US ['soʊ.dʒɝ:n] literary
noun countable
■a short period when a person stays in a particular place 逗留，停留
• My sojourn in the youth hostel was thankfully short. 幸好我在青年旅馆逗留的时间很短。
n. 逗留；旅居
 - visit, stay, stop
vi. 逗留；旅居
 - remain, stop

Word: spontaneity
Front: spontaneity
[ˌspɒntəˈneɪəti] (托宝 14710/15099 -1)
Vocabulary: spontaneity
(once / 4237 pages)
n
Acting with spontaneity might mean bursting into song on the street, or throwing down your rake and jumping in a pile of leaves — in other words, doing something without thinking it through beforehand.
The noun spontaneity is related to a more common word, the adjective spontaneous. The writer Ralph Waldo Emerson said, “Our spontaneous action is always the best. You cannot, with your best deliberation and heed, come so close to any question as your spontaneous glance shall bring you.” He meant that if we learn to trust our instincts instead of weighing the potential consequences of everything we do, we'll make better decisions.
WORD FAMILY
spontaneity: spontaneities+/ spontaneous: spontaneity, spontaneously, spontaneousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
His portraits of Mali’s youth – as they wished to be photographed – captured moments of carefree spontaneity as the country began to taste its independence.
Time(Dec 30, 2016)
When so much of social media is painstakingly pitched for the appearance of perfection, Snapchat lends itself to spontaneity and one-on-one messaging.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
I liked it: the levity and spontaneity of topics that’s not possible when there’s a shared history, good and bad.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 自发性，自然发生; 自发行为[行动]
分布：自然性(100%)
→来自 spontaneous,自发的，-ity,名词后缀。
自发,天性(spont个人意志,自愿)[-aneity,来自aneous,表名词"性质,状态"]
N-UNCOUNT
自然行为;自发动作
Spontaneity is spontaneous, natural behaviour.
例：He had the spontaneity of a child.他有着孩童般的率性。
n. 自发性；自然发生
 - spontaneous generation, abiogenesis

Word: swill
Front: swill
[swɪl] (宝 28756/21734)
Back: vt. & vi. 冲洗; 猛喝; 大口喝; （使）液体流动
n. 泔脚饲料; 猪食; <非正>（谈话或写作中的）无意义的话; 废话
时态：swilled, swilling, swills
分布：冲洗(69%)，猪饲料(13%)，狂饮(9%)，流动(9%)
【记】swill以后，肚子就会swell（v 肿大）
【反】sip（v 小口啜饮）
verb
MOVE LIQUID 移动液体
transitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to cause a liquid to flow around or over something, often in order to clean it （常指为了清洗而）冲，刷
• The dentist handed me a glass of water to swill my mouth out with. 牙医递给我一杯水漱口。
[swɪl] verb
DRINK 喝
transitive informal often disapproving
■to drink, especially alcohol, quickly and in large amounts 大口地喝，痛饮，畅饮（尤指酒）
[swɪl] noun
LIQUID 液体
only singular
■the movement of liquid over or around something, often in order to clean it （常指为了清洗而）冲，刷
• Give the sink a quick swill to get it clean. 赶快把水槽冲洗干净。
[swɪl] noun
FOOD 食物
uncountable US for
■ pigswill 养猪用的残肴
n. 泔水；冲洗；痛饮；涮
 - irrigation, pigswill
vt. 冲洗；痛饮；涮；倒出
 - drink hard, syringe

Word: suitability
Front: suitability
[ˌsju:tə'bɪlətɪ] (18431/9916)
Back: n. 合适，适合
分布：适合(73%)，适当(27%)
ADJ-GRADED
合适的;适宜的;适当的
Someone or something that is suitable for a particular purpose or occasion is right or acceptable for it.
例：Employers usually decide within five minutes whether someone is suitable for the job...雇主通常在 5 分钟内就能决定一个人是否适合这份工作。
例：She had no other dress suitable for the occasion...她没有其他适合这种场合穿的套裙。
n. 适合；适当；相配
 - fitness, conformity, relevance

Word: tau
Front: tau
[tɔ:] (20737/45955)
Back: n. 希腊语的第十九个字母
分布：希腊文的第19个字母(100%)
→来自希腊字母 tau,来自希伯来字母 taw,标记，记号，字母 t 的原型。

Word: tiffany
Front: tiffany
['tɪfənɪ] (-/25140)
Back: n. 纱的一种
分布：丝纱罗(54%)，一种薄绸(46%)

Word: thousandth
Front: thousandth
[ˈθaʊznθ] (25366/22148)
Back: num. 第一千
分布：千分之一(64%)，第一千(36%)
ordinal number
■1000 th written as a word 第一千
• Sir Alex Ferguson recently celebrated his thousandth match in charge of Manchester United. 亚历克斯‧弗格森先生最近庆祝他带领曼彻斯特联队以来进行的第1000场比赛。
['θaʊ.zəndθ] noun countable
■one of a thousand equal parts of something 一千分之一（某物一千等份之其一）
• a thousandth of a millimetre thick 千分之一毫米厚
adj. 千分之一的； [数] 第一千的
 - millesimal

Word: talker
Front: talker
[ˈtɔ:kə(r)] (15610/20294)
Back: n. 讲话者，谈话者
分布：健谈者(67%)，说话的人(33%)
US ['tɑ:.kɚ] noun countable
■a person who talks a lot, too much or in a particular way 健谈的人；空谈的人；以某种方式说话的人
• I'm afraid he's more of a talker than a doer, which is why he never finishes anything. 我觉得他说得多，做得少，这就是他始终一事无成的原因。
• What a talker your mum is - I couldn't get off the phone! 你妈妈话真多——我简直放不下电话！
n. 说话的人；健谈者；空谈者
 - sayer, schmoozer

Word: tee
Front: tee
[ti:] (6299/9221 -1)
Back: n. 球座; 字母T; （套圈等游戏中的）目标
vt. & vi. 置球于球座上; 准备发球
时态：teed, teeing, tees
分布：形状像字母T的东西(50%)，字母t(50%)
noun countable
■a short plastic stick with a cup-shaped top on which a golf ball is put to be hit, or the area where this is used to start the play for each hole （高尔夫）球座；发球区
[ti:] noun countable
to a tee old-fashioned
■perfectly or completely 完美地；完全地
• That job would suit you to a tee. 那份工作完全适合你。
[ti:] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] tee sb off US informal
■to make someone angry 惹（某人）生气
• It really tees me off when she doesn't listen to me. 她不听我说话的时候真令我生气。
[ti:] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  tee off
■to hit a golf ball off the tee, or to begin a game of golf by doing this （从高尔夫球座）发球，开球；开始高尔夫球赛
• We'll tee off at 10 o'clock. 我们十点开始高尔夫球赛。
[ti:] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] tee (sth) up
■to put a golf ball on the tee in preparation for playing 把（球）置于球座上

Word: titillate
Front: titillate
[ˈtɪtɪleɪt] (22288/21502 -1)
Vocabulary: titillate
(once / 8982 pages)
v
A juicy steak may titillate your taste buds, or sexy images in a foreign film may titillate your desire. Titillate means to excite someone's imagination, especially in a sexual way.
Titillate comes from a Latin verb that means "tickle," and that's what something that titillates does to the imagination. Today's media bombard you with images made to titillate, from video game heroines with extreme physiques to casual nudity on prime-time TV. But it doesn't have to be sex to titillate. A display of fabulous pastries in a bakery window can titillate your senses, or whispered rumors about your high school principal's past life as a rodeo queen may titillate your curiosity.
WORD FAMILY
titillate: titillated, titillates, titillating, titillation+/titillating: titillatingly/titillation: titillations
USAGE EXAMPLES
At times, Susan appears tortured by the vicarious anger it seems to express and also titillated by it.
Washington Post(Nov 17, 2016)
Verhoeven’s world is the exception that titillates not to challenge the rule but to sucker viewers into overlooking it, ignoring it, and dismissing it.
The New Yorker(Nov 15, 2016)
The whole scenario is as perverse and titillating as anything in the notoriously erotic stories of Isaac Bashevis Singer.
The New Yorker(Nov 13, 2016)
Back: vt. 使觉得痒; 挑逗; 使高兴
vi. 觉得痒; 被激发; 感到兴奋
时态：titillated, titillating, titillates
分布：刺激(48%)，挑逗(26%)，使…觉得痒(13%)，挠痒(13%)
→来自拉丁语 titillare,胳痒，胳肢，拟声词，模仿咯咯笑的声音，-ate,使。
【记】titill＝tickle（v 胳肢；使发痒），ate：刺激ti踢，till直到，ate吃：直到吃饭的时候用脚在桌子下面踢你－挑逗
verb intransitive or transitive
■to make someone excited intentionally but only a little, usually with sexual images or descriptions （通常用性图象或性描述）激发欲望，逗引，（使）兴奋
• So many adverts nowadays are designed to titillate. 如今许多广告都设计得要让人感到刺激。
• humorous Carter's biography is only spoiled by the fact that he refuses to titillate (= interest) his readers with any gossip. 卡特的传记失色不少，只因他拒绝以小道消息来取悦读者。
vt. 使觉得痒；使高兴
 - please, glad, satisfy
vi. 感到兴奋；被激发
 - get off on

Word: underuse
Front: underuse
[ˌʌndə'ju:s] (44358/-)
Back: vt. 未充分利用（设施等），浪费地使用，使用…不当
分布：浪费地使用(50%)，使用 ... 不当(50%)

Word: undistinguished
Front: undistinguished
[ˌʌndɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃt] (23386/19468)
Back: adj. 无特征的; 无特色的; 普普通通的; 平庸的
分布：平凡的(61%)，混杂的(26%)，不出色的(13%)
【记】un不，distinguished（adj 著名的）：平凡的
adj. 平凡的；混杂的；听不清的；看不清的
 - ordinary, stock

Word: valour
Front: valour
[ˈvælə(r)] (-/20905)
Back: n. （尤指战斗中的）勇猛，英勇
分布：英勇(59%)，勇猛(41%)
US [-ɚ] noun uncountable formal
■great bravery 英勇，勇猛，勇敢
• He was promoted to the rank of major in recognition of his valour during the battle. 他因作战英勇被晋升为少校。
n. 勇猛
 - valiancy, prowess

Word: untrained
Front: untrained
[ˌʌnˈtreɪnd] (16040/18604)
Back: adj. 未受训练的，未经培养的; （动物）未驯服的
分布：未受过训练的(100%)
adjective
■never having been taught the skills for a particular job 未经训练的；未受培训的
• untrained staff 未经训练的员工
to the untrained eye
■to someone without the skill or knowledge to judge what they see 在外行看来
• To the untrained eye, most fake diamonds look real. 在外行眼里，大多数假钻石看上去和真的一样。
adj. 未经训练的
 - unbred

Word: whomever
Front: whomever
[ˌhu:mˈevə(r)] (15288/34968)
Back: pron. （作动词或介词的宾语时，有时候用来替代whoever）
分布：任何人(100%)
US [-ɚ] formal
pronoun
■ whoever (PERSON) and whoever (ANYONE) when used as the object （whoever 的宾格形式）
• Give it to whomever you please. 你愿意给谁就给谁吧。

Word: voyager
Front: voyager
['vɔɪɪdʒə(r)] (21794/33666)
Vocabulary: voyager
(once / 2333 pages)
n
A voyager is someone who goes on a long trip, especially if he travels in a ship. Historically, voyagers have often been explorers.
A voyage is a long trip to a faraway land, and people who go on voyages are called voyagers. You're most likely to find this word describing sea travelers, like the explorers Christopher Columbus and Ferdinand Magellan. Because of its association with long, uncertain journeys, the word voyager has often been used for naming spaceships in science fiction and real life. Voyager has a Latin root, viaticum, which means "a journey."
WORD FAMILY
voyager: voyagers+/ voyage: voyaged, voyager, voyages, voyaging
USAGE EXAMPLES
Despite the occasional stellar year since then, Voyager sank in the large-growth peer group.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Tap into the magic of the movies and the history of adventuresome Polynesian voyagers aboard Hawaiian Airlines flights now through March.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Later, the voyagers were disoriented by mirages that were most vivid when the air was coolest, just before sunrise.
Science Magazine(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 航行者，航海者; 旅客
分布：航行者(53%)，航海者(47%)
US [-dʒɚ] noun countable
■a person who goes on a long and sometimes dangerous journey 航海者；远航者
• Those voyagers who first ventured into space certainly showed courage. 那些首次尝试进入太空的航太者确实显示出了勇气。
n. 航海者，航行者
 - coasters, seafolk

Word: whereupon
Front: whereupon
[ˌweərəˈpɒn] (17007/11840 -1)
Back: adv. 于是; 因此
conj. 于是
分布：因此(49%)，于是(47%)，在…上面(4%)
US [ˌwer.ə'pɑ:n] conjunction
■immediately after which 不久之后；马上；于是
• I told her she looked fat, whereupon she threw the entire contents of a saucepan at me and burst into tears. 我告诉她她看上去很胖，她马上把一整锅饭菜都朝我摔过来，然后放声大哭。
adv. 因此
 - therefore, hence, accordingly, consequently, thus

Word: vowel
Front: vowel
[ˈvaʊəl] (研六托 13592/7405 -1)
Back: n. 元音; 母音
adj. 元音的; 母音的
分布：元音(89%)，母音(11%)
→缩写自拉丁语littera vocalis,发音字母。
n.元音,元音字母The cowardly cow vows not to tow vowels.胆怯的母牛发誓不拖元音字母.
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a speech sound produced by humans when the breath flows out through the mouth without being blocked by the teeth, tongue or lips 母音
• A short vowel is a short sound as in the word 'cup'. 短母音是诸如 cup 一词中的短音。
• A long vowel is a long sound as in the word 'shoe'. 长母音是诸如 shoe 一词中的长音。
Compare consonant
 ADVANCED
■a letter that represents a sound produced in this way 母音字母
• The vowels in English are a, e, i, o and u. 英语中的母音字母是 a， e， i， o， u。
n. [语] 元音；母音
 - vocal
adj. [语] 元音的
 - vocalic

Word: wanton
Front: wanton
[ˈwɒntən] (宝 19031/18971 -1)
Vocabulary: wanton
(once / 684 pages)
nadjv
Wanton describes something excessive, uncontrolled and sometimes even cruel. The principal sees a food fight as a wanton act of vandalism done with wanton disregard for the rules, but the kids might just see it as fun.
Wanton comes from the Old English wan- "lacking" and togen "to train, discipline," in other words, "lacking in discipline." Wanton extravagance is excessive and uncontrolled, whereas a wanton act of terrorism is random and intentionally cruel. Sometimes in older novels, you will see wanton used as a disapproving term to describe a sexually active women, a usage that is considered old-fashioned today.
WORD FAMILY
wanton: wantoned, wantoning, wantonly, wantonness, wantons+/wantonness: wantonnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Justice Judith French wrote that officers couldn’t be held liable unless they acted “in a wanton or reckless manner.”
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Justice Judith French wrote officers couldn’t be held liable unless they acted “in a wanton or reckless manner.”
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
But wanton brutality is only one aspect of a prison system in which there is little respect for the rule of law or human rights.
New York Times(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: adj. 荒唐的; 繁茂的; 变化无常的; 行为不检的
vi. 放肆; 生活奢侈; 嬉戏
vt. 奢侈; 挥霍，浪费
n. 淫荡的人; 嬉闹的人
时态：wantoned, wantoning, wantons
分布：放肆(24%)，淫乱的(15%)，挥霍(15%)，荡妇(13%)，肆无忌惮的(13%)，水性杨花的女人(10%)，无节制的(5%)，贪图享乐的人(5%)
→来自古英语wan-towen,缺乏控制，自制，wan-,缺乏，词源同want,towen,拉，词源同tow。引申词义恣意妄为的，缺乏管教的，淫荡的等。
【记】want，on：想要在上面 ＃￥％※淫乱的
US ['wɑ:n.tən] adjective
WITHOUT CARE 没有注意 formal
■(of something bad, such as damage, cruelty , waste) extreme and showing no care at all 无节制的，过分的，恣意的；不负责的
• wanton destruction of human life 草菅人命
• a wanton disregard for safety 对安全极不负责
• wanton extravagance 过度的铺张
UK ['wɒn.tən] US ['wɑ:n.tən] adjective
SEXUAL 性方面的 old use or humorous
■(of a woman) behaving or appearing in a very sexual way （女子）淫荡的，放荡的
adj. 嬉戏的；繁茂的；荒唐的
 - rank, frolicsome
n. 荡妇；水性杨花的女人
 - slut, chippie
vi. 放肆；嬉戏；闲荡
 - moon, muck about
vt. 挥霍
 - consume, piss away

Word: ber

Word: abreast
Front: abreast
[əˈbrest] (宝 16406/14056 -1)
Vocabulary: abreast
(once / 1280 pages)
1adv 2adj
There's nothing worse than being stuck on a narrow path between two people walking abreast of one another. If they only knew you were there, they'd walk single file so you could pass them. Abreast means side by side.
Abreast can also mean alongside. In a race, you watch the front runners, but it's also important to pay attention to who is coming up the side and abreast of the leader. They are the most likely to find it within themselves to sprint forward for the win.
WORD FAMILY
abreast
USAGE EXAMPLES
She keeps humans abreast of weather, news, music, and trivia, and adjusts the settings of their smart houses.
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
If not, she’s already asked Whelan to keep her abreast of all court dates.
Washington Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Ricco coordinates the medical and training staff, and keeps the owners and Manager Terry Collins abreast of players’ health.
New York Times(Nov 18, 2016)
Back: adv. 并列，并肩地; 并排; 不落后于
adj. 并排的; 并肩的
分布：并肩地(84%)，跟上(16%)
→来自短语on breast.
【记】a一对，breast乳房―并排地
adverb
■describes two or more people who are next to each other and moving in the same direction 并排；并肩
• We were running/cycling two abreast. 我们俩并肩跑步／骑车。
• The motorcyclist came abreast of her car and shouted abuse at her. 那个骑摩托车的人跟上来，在她车旁并排行着，对她破口大骂。
keep abreast of sth
■to make sure you know all the most recent facts about a subject or situation 了解…的最新情况；跟上…的最新进展
• I try to keep abreast of any developments. 我试着了解新的进展情况。
adj. 并排的；肩并肩的
 - jugate, neck-and-neck

Word: yokohama
Front: yokohama
[ˈjəukəˈhɑ:mə] (-/35137)
Back: 横滨（日本本州岛东南岸港市）
分布：横滨(100%)

Word: winery
Front: winery
[ˈwaɪnəri] (10328/42332)
Back: n. 葡萄酒酿造厂
分布：酿酒厂(100%)
→wine,葡萄酒，-ery,地点后缀。
N-COUNT
葡萄酒厂;酿酒厂
A winery is a place where wine is made.
n. 酿酒厂；葡萄酒酿造厂（复数wineries）
 - distillery, brewhouse

Word: ably
Front: ably
[ˈeɪbli] (21469/19504)
Back: adv. 精明强干地; 灵巧地; 巧妙地; 熟练地
分布：能干地(58%)，巧妙地(42%)
adverb
■skilfully
• He performs his duties very ably. 他做起工作来得心应手。
adv. 巧妙地；精明能干地
 - skillfully, tactfully

Word: aeronautics
Front: aeronautics
[ˌeərəˈnɔ:tɪks] (宝 26576/24717)
Vocabulary: aeronautics
(once / 3957 pages)
n
If you have a passion for airplanes and other aircraft, you might be destined for a career in aeronautics, which is the study and design of flying machines within the atmosphere.
Whether your interest lies in building aircraft or flying planes, you can describe your area of interest as aeronautics. The term aviation can also be used, although it typically doesn't include airships or dirigibles, like blimps and zeppelins. The word aeronautics literally means "sailing the air," from the Greek roots aero, "air," and nautikē, "navigation."
WORD FAMILY
aeronautics: aeronautical+/aeronautic: aeronautically, aeronautics
USAGE EXAMPLES
A statement by the civil aeronautics agency said the conclusion was based on the plane’s black boxes and other evidence.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
Colombia’s Civil Aeronautics agency concluded in its investigation that the plan for the flight operated by Bolivia-based charter company LaMia did not meet international standards.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
The Civil Aeronautics agency said the conclusion was based on the aircraft’s black boxes and other evidence.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 航空学，飞行术
adj. 航空（学）的
分布：航空学(100%)
→词根aero, 空气。词根naut, 海，航行，见nautical, 航海的。
航空学(aeronaut航空家+ics)[-ics表名词、,"学科,学术"]
US [ˌer.ə'nɑ:.tˌɪks] noun uncountable
■the science of designing, building and operating aircraft 航空学
n. [航] 航空学；飞行术
 - aviation, airmanship

Word: addle
Front: addle
[ˈædl] (托宝 37606/46635)
Vocabulary: addle
(once / 10396 pages)
1v 2v
Addle is a verb meaning to confuse. When your great uncle Marvin became infirm in his later years, trying to distinguish between you and your cousins tended to addle his brain.
Addle is a Middle English word coming from the Old English adela, meaning “liquid filth.” It’s related to the German adel, meaning “mire or puddle.” In the thirteenth century, addle was used to refer to rotten eggs. Now it's used to describe a confused mind. When someone's mind becomes addled — whether it's from age or love or illness — it’s like the brain is rotten.
WORD FAMILY
addle: addled, addles, addling
USAGE EXAMPLES
The recurrent message is that these powerful interests foment insecurity to then foist policy changes on an addled public.
Washington Post(Nov 17, 2016)
Her imperiously addled Mrs. Hocheiser is one of the period’s great comic creations, as well as one of the most disturbing.
New York Times(Oct 07, 2016)
More fun to watch is his fey partner in crime, Buddy, played by Damon Herriman, who was memorable as the addled Dewey Crowe in “Justified.”
New York Times(Sep 08, 2016)
Back: vt. 使糊涂; 使混乱; 使腐臭; 使变质
vi. （蛋等）腐臭; 变质; 变糊涂; 混淆
adj. （头脑）糊涂的; 愚蠢的; 腐臭的; 变质的
时态：addled, addling, addles
分布：昏乱的(35%)，使腐坏(33%)，腐烂的(16%)，使昏乱(16%)
→来自古英语词。
【记】1）add增加－事情增加容易混乱2）读音：挨斗。在文革时期，挨斗是一个家庭的不幸，甚至是整个社会的不幸。它使一个家庭陷入混乱状态，使每个成员头脑混乱，更加大了社会的腐坏程度。3）add增加，le乐：天天不干正事，只知道增加乐趣：譬如喝酒可以使你昏乱，找ＸＸ可以使你腐坏。
mainly humorous
verb transitive
■to make someone feel confused and unable to think clearly 使昏乱；使糊涂
• I think my brain's been addled by the heat! 我觉得我的脑袋都给热糊涂了！
vt. 使腐坏；使混乱
 - cloud, confuse
vi. 变质；变混乱
 - go off
adj. 腐坏的；糊涂的，昏乱的
 - confused, muddle-headed

Word: acrobat
Front: acrobat
[ˈækrəbæt] (研宝 19213/23985)
Vocabulary: acrobat
(once / 5849 pages)
n
An acrobat is someone who skillfully performs gymnastic feats or other actions that involve agility and balance, such as a trapeze artist soaring through the air, or a tightrope walker at the circus.
You may be tempted to conclude that the bat in acrobat is a tribute to the animal that soars through the air when not hanging upside down. The source is not quite that creative. It comes from bainein, which is Greek for "to walk." The acro bit comes from akros, meaning "highest point." So acrobat is a reference to the classic and possibly first trick perfected by these artists, tightrope walking.
WORD FAMILY
acrobat: acrobats
USAGE EXAMPLES
The pub's website listed a line-up of acts for its New Year event that included musicians, comedians, acrobats and a fire performer.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
The rest of the show featured acrobats, balloon shapes and a parrot.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
In a third, an acrobat walks a tightrope between tall hedges while holding an umbrella in one hand.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 杂技演员; 立场观点善变的人，主张、政见等变化无常的人
分布：杂技演员(94%)，见风使舵的人(6%)
→来自词根acer, 尖的，高的。-bat, 走，同vent,走，见advent,来临。-t,过去分词格。指走高空钢丝的杂技演员，后统指杂技演员。
n.特技演员,杂技演员
【记】acro高，bat走，蝙蝠－高空走的人＝高空蝙蝠－杂技演员
【参】acronym（n 只取首字母的缩写词）；acrophobia（n 恐高症）
noun countable
■a person who entertains people by doing difficult and skilful physical things, such as walking along a high wire 杂技演员
n. 杂技演员，特技演员；随机应变者；翻云覆雨者，善变者
 - posturer, tumbler

Word: barnacle
Front: barnacle
[ˈbɑ:nəkl] (22774/23561)
Vocabulary: barnacle
(once / 5934 pages)
1n 2n
A barnacle is a spineless animal that looks like a small circular white rock. You'll often find barnacles attached to the bottom of boats.
Barnacles are crustaceans, which means they're related to crabs, lobsters, and shrimp, all of which have an external shell. In the case of barnacles, their shells attach to things like rocks, other shells, docks, and boats, and stay there permanently, filtering food from shallow ocean water through feathery appendages. The earliest use of the word referred to a European goose whose mythology described it hatching from the marine crustacean that eventually took its name.
WORD FAMILY
barnacle: barnacles
USAGE EXAMPLES
And then, dramatic music swells as a dastardly barnacle swims up behind him.
Washington Post(Nov 18, 2016)
To others they are barnacles encrusting a beloved landmark.
New York Times(Nov 14, 2016)
They are percebeiras, hunters and gatherers of the gooseneck barnacle of the Spanish Atlantic.
Slate(Nov 14, 2016)
Back: n. （岩石、船底等处的）附着甲壳动物
分布：藤壶(76%)，黑雁(24%)
→词源不详。野鹅义来自民间传说，据说野鹅由藤壶孕育而生。
US ['bɑ:r-] noun countable
■a small sea creature with a shell that sticks very tightly and in large numbers to rocks and the bottom of boats （岩石、船底等处的）附着甲壳动物，藤壶
n. [无脊椎] 藤壶；茗荷介；难以摆脱的人；黑雁
 - brent, brant

Word: cannily
Front: cannily
['kænɪlɪ] (36531/46276)
Back: adv. 精明地
分布：机灵地(60%)，用心地(40%)
adv. 机灵地；用心地；狡诈地
 - shrewdly, artfully

Word: backhander
Front: backhander
[ˈbækhændə(r)] (-/39319)
Back: n. 反手一击; 贿赂
分布：反手一击(38%)，回扣(25%)，贿赂(25%)，逆打(12%)
US [-dɚ] noun countable informal for
■ bribe
n. 逆打；反手一击；追加的一杯酒；（英）回扣
 - brokerage, sale commission

Word: chirp
Front: chirp
[tʃɜ:p] (托宝 14222/32990)
Vocabulary: chirp
(once / 1532 pages)
nv
A chirp is the short, high sound a bird makes. The chirps of the robins at your bird feeder through the open window might drive your cat crazy.
Birds chirp — you could also say they tweet, twitter, cheep, and warble — and some insects chirp too. An extremely cheerful person also chirps: "The overly enthusiastic tour guide chirps happily as the bus moves through the city." Chirp may have developed as an imitation of the sound itself, or it may stem from the Middle English chirken, "twitter," which is rooted in the Old English cearcian, "to creak."
WORD FAMILY
chirp: chirped, chirping, chirps, chirpy+/chirpy: chirpiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
There was some chirping between the two before the game, and they really mixed it up on the field during the game.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Many of these pieces share an instrumental signature—sixteenth notes in the strings, oboes chirping above.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Scientists learned this year, and you’ve never heard a more beautiful chirp.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vi. 鸟叫，虫鸣
时态：chirped, chirping, chirps
分布：吱喳而鸣(38%)，唧唧声(31%)，喳喳声(21%)，轻松愉快地说(10%)
→拟声词，模仿鸟叫的声音。
【记】读：扯破：扯破了喉咙喊出短而高的声音
US [tʃɝ:p] verb
intransitive (also chirrup)
■(especially of a bird) to make a short high sound or sounds （尤指鸟）啁啾，唧唧叫，吱喳叫
[+ speech]
■to say something with a high, happy voice 轻松愉快地说，快活地说
• "Morning!" she chirped. “早上好！”她欢快地说道。
n. 唧唧声；喳喳声； [通信] 啁啾声
 - chatter
vi. 吱喳而鸣；尖声地说；咂嘴打招呼
 - squeal

Word: charmer
Front: charmer
[ˈtʃɑ:mə(r)] (19678/22903)
Back: n. 对异性有吸引力的人
分布：魔术师；巫师(100%)
US ['tʃɑ:r.mɚ] noun countable
■a person who has good qualities that make you like them 迷人的人，可爱的人
• Bella's a little charmer - you'll never meet a more likeable child. 贝拉是个小可爱，没有哪个孩子比她更讨人喜欢。
■a person who uses how attractive they are to influence other people, usually for their own purposes （通常指为达到个人目的）善于施展魅力的人
• He's a real charmer is Paul - you want to be careful with him! 保罗是个很善于施展魅力的人——你可要小心他！
n. 魔术师；可爱的人
 - magician, sorcerer

Word: conservatory
Front: conservatory
[kənˈsɜ:vətri] (托雅宝 18578/8987 -1)
Vocabulary: conservatory
(once / 1841 pages)
1n 2n
A conservatory is a place to grow. It could be one of those glass greenhouses where rare and delicate plants can thrive. Or it could be a place to grow your artistic talent — like a music conservatory.
A conservatory can conserve more than just plants; it can conserve culture, too. And so we have the conservatory as a school for the fine arts, in particular ballet and classical music — often known by their fancy French title, conservatoire. The word comes from the Latin word conservare, meaning "to preserve."
WORD FAMILY
conservatory: conservatories
USAGE EXAMPLES
Her father was a diplomat, and she spent her early years in Germany and Austria, studying violin and piano at the Vienna Conservatory.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Season's Greenings remains open through Jan. 2; the conservatory is open daily from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m., and admission is free.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
The work was performed once in 1909, but was lost until this year, when a librarian discovered it at the St. Petersburg Conservatory.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. （培植植物的）温室，暖房; 音乐学校
adj. 有保存力的; 保管人的
分布：温室(57%)，音乐学院(43%)
暖房;音乐学院(conserve保存,保全)[-atory 1.表形容词"有…性质的"2.表名词"场所,地点"]
温室,音乐学院(conserve保存,保留)[-ory 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词,指场所等]
【记】conserve（vt 保存；保藏），atory表示地方：保存蔬菜和艺术家的地方。
US [-'sɝ:.və.tɔ:.ri] noun countable
SCHOOL 学校 (UK also conservatoire)
■a school for the teaching of music or sometimes acting or art 音乐学院；戏剧学院；艺术学院
UK [kən'sɜ:.və.tri] US [-'sɝ:.və.tɔ:.ri] noun countable
ROOM 房间 (US also solarium)
■a glass room, usually connected to a house, in which plants are grown and kept 温室，玻璃暖房
n. [园艺] 温室；音乐学校
 - greenhouse, heated housing
adj. 有保存力的；保存性的
 - preservative

Word: coroner
Front: coroner
[ˈkɒrənə(r)] (10554/6260 -1)
Vocabulary: coroner
(once / 1309 pages)
n
A coroner is a scientist with a grim specialty: a coroner studies dead bodies and figures out the cause of death.
If you've ever watched a TV show or movie about crime, chances are you've seen a character who was a coroner. If someone dies of a heart attack, there's not much need for a coroner, because everyone knows how they died. When the circumstances are unclear or suspicious, a coroner is needed. Coroners are very helpful in solving crimes.
WORD FAMILY
coroner: coroners
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Clark County coroner says Anthony Eugene Hodges died of a gunshot to the chest.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The coroner’s office ruled Gilbert’s death an accident.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Lewis and Clark County Deputy Coroner Heather Tupper says authorities responded to the discovery at an intersection about two blocks south of Forestvale Cemetery.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 验尸官; 法医
分布：验尸官(100%)
→来自crown, 王冠。原指王室管家，后功能和职责发生了变化。
US ['kɔ:r.ən.ɚ] noun countable
■an official who examines the reasons for a person's death, especially if it was violent or unexpected （尤指调查暴死死因的）验尸官
n. 验尸官
 - crowner

Word: demagogic
Front: demagogic
[ˌdemə'ɡɒɡɪk] (29951/41612)
Back: adj. 煽动的，蛊惑人心的
分布：蛊惑人心的(67%)，煽动的(33%)
adj. 蛊惑人心的；煽动性的
 - inflammatory, agitative

Word: cyanide
Front: cyanide
[ˈsaɪənaɪd] (17676/24395 -1)
Back: n. <化>氰化物
vt. 用氰化法处理
分布：氰化物(99%)，用氰化物处理(1%)
→cyan, 缩写自cyanogen, 氰。-ide, 化学名词后缀，见oxide.
noun uncountable
■an extremely powerful poison 氰化物
n. [无化] 氰化物
 - prussiate

Word: davenport

Word: dew
Front: dew
[dju:] (研四六 14536/14303)
Vocabulary: dew
(once / 386 pages)
n
Dew is moisture caused by condensation of water vapor in the air. Dew is what gets your feet wet when you walk across the grass on a summer morning.
Think about a summer night — the sun goes down and the air begins to cool, along with everything that is outside, like grass. Then the sun comes up. The air heats up again, more quickly that the objects. This causes condensation — dew — on grass, plants, car windshields, and so on. Dew quickly evaporates in the sun. That's why you really only see and feel it early in the morning during summer.
WORD FAMILY
dew: dews, dewy +/ dewy: dewier, dewiest, dewily, dewyer
USAGE EXAMPLES
Data on variables like dew point and humidity can be viewed as colored patterns on a map, or as graphs or charts.
New York Times(Nov 23, 2016)
During the harvesting period my work clothes stayed wet with dew and sweat most of the day.
Washington Post(Oct 19, 2016)
The Dew Drop role will be Hart's second big Hollywood role after she starred alongside comedy actress Melissa McCarthy in Spy in 2015.
BBC(Oct 12, 2016)
Back: n. 水珠，露水
vt. 弄湿
分布：露水(100%)
→来自dheu, 流动，用于指露珠。
n.露水Beads of dew still clung to the roses.玫瑰花上仍然挂着露珠.
US [du:] noun uncountable
■drops of water that form on the ground and other surfaces outside during the night 露，露水
n. 珠，滴；露水；清新
 - drop, gutta
vt. （露水等）弄湿
 - get wet, moisten

Word: englishness

Word: disreputable
Front: disreputable
[dɪsˈrepjətəbl] (托 23539/20112)
Vocabulary: disreputable
(once / 2618 pages)
adj
If a person or organization is disreputable, they have an image problem. They are — or at least appear to be — crooked, shady, or just plain bad news.
See how the word reputation is partially hidden in disreputable? If a person is disreputable, they have a bad reputation for some reason. A student caught cheating will get a bad reputation with teachers and become disreputable. A politician caught in a scandal could become disreputable. If an airline crashes a plane, they will become disreputable. When someone or something is disreputable, people no longer trust them. Even if the reality is different, it's hard to shake off a disreputable image.
WORD FAMILY
disreputable: disreputability, disreputableness, disreputably+/disreputability: disreputabilities/reputability: reputabilities/ reputable: disreputable, reputability, reputably/ reputation: reputations/ repute: disrepute, reputable, reputation, reputed, reputes, reputing
USAGE EXAMPLES
In fact, the grownup world is usually frowning at the whole idea of being in something as disreputable as a pop group.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
This heartless agitation, once confined to fringe websites and disreputable talk-radio chatter, is now metastasizing into something much more sinister.
Salon(Dec 14, 2016)
Some draw on manually compiled lists of disreputable sites.
Slate(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: adj. 名誉不好的，不体面的; 不名誉; 为人所不齿
分布：声名狼藉的(59%)，不体面的(33%)，见不得人的(8%)
【记】repute（n 名声）
【参】disrepute（n 坏名声）
US [-jə.tˌə-] adjective
■not trusted or respected; thought to have a bad character 不受信任的；不受尊敬的；名声不佳的；不正经的
■1. Some of the more disreputable newspapers made false claims about her private life.
• a disreputable young man 不正经的年轻男子
adj. 声名狼藉的；肮脏的；破烂不堪的
 - notorious, infamous

Word: fatherland
Front: fatherland
[ˈfɑ:ðəlænd] (23072/22547 -1)
Back: n. 祖国
分布：祖国(93%)，故土(7%)
US [-ðɚ-] (also motherland)
noun countable usually singular
■the country in which you were born, or the country with which you feel most connected 祖国
n. 祖国
 - motherland, homeland

Word: ersatz
Front: ersatz
[ˈeəzæts] (宝 22476/34376)
Vocabulary: ersatz
(once / 25977 pages)
nadj
The ersatz version of something is an inferior substitute or imitation. You might speak in an ersatz French accent, but you won't fool the Parisian who runs the local French bakery.
Used as a noun or adjective, ersatz stems from the German verb ersetzen, which means "to replace." Compared with regular Coke, Diet Coke may be considered an ersatz beverage because of its artificial sweeteners. Similarly, rich, creamy, full-fat ice cream is much better than the ersatz, fat-free version, or frozen yogurt. You would be in deep trouble if your fiancé found out that her engagement ring was an ersatz diamond.
WORD FAMILY
ersatz
USAGE EXAMPLES
Much has been written about the arrival of a “post-truth” era, in which facts become secondary to feeling; expertise and vision to ersatz emotional connection.
The Guardian(Nov 25, 2016)
The ersatz walls were then wrapped with a flexible “skin,” of a gesso-like material, bearing a lush ink-jet printout of the frescoes.
The New Yorker(Nov 20, 2016)
Another way is to stick someone in a driving simulator and introduce DMS to their ersatz experience.
Washington Post(Nov 19, 2016)
Back: adj. & n. 代用 （品）; 仿造（物）
分布：代用的(37%)，代用品(36%)，假的(27%)
→er-, 外面，词源同out,ordeal. -satz, 同set. 即拿出去的，替换掉的。
【记】er耳朵，sa拼：三－3只耳朵里必定有一只是假的，仿制的
US ['er.zɑ:ts] disapproving
adjective
■used instead of something else, usually because the other thing is too expensive or rare （通常指因为某物过于昂贵或稀有而代以其他事物）代用的
• I'm allowed to eat ersatz chocolate made from carob beans, but it's a poor substitute for the real thing. 他们允许我吃用角豆做的巧克力替代品，不过这种以假代真的东西太蹩脚了。
adj. 代用的；人造的；假的
 - artificial, synthetic
n. 代用品；仿制品
 - substitute, proxy

Word: entreaty
Front: entreaty
[ɪnˈtri:ti] (宝 21942/23603)
Vocabulary: entreaty
(once / 724 pages)
n
"Ain't too proud to beg" is what the word entreaty is all about. When you make an entreaty, you're begging or pleading for something.
An entreaty is the kind of request you make to King Kong when he's dangling you from the top of the Empire State Building. It's an appeal you make to someone who usually has the power to grant your wish. Entreaty is often used in the plural: "After all my pleas and entreaties, my teacher still gave me a C."
WORD FAMILY
entreaty: entreaties+/ treaty: entreaty, treaties
USAGE EXAMPLES
I put more effort into answering random entreaties from students trying to place articles.
New York Times(Mar 27, 2013)
Pavlova’s thin, pale arms are especially striking — they’re trembling parentheses — whether she’s throwing them up in joy or thrusting them forward in entreaty.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
But such entreaties eventually could run afoul of an “emoluments” clause in the U.S.
Washington Post(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. <正>恳求，乞求
分布：恳求(73%)，哀求(27%)
恳求,请求[treat=handle,表示"处理"]
US [-tˌi] noun countable
■an attempt to persuade someone to do something 恳求；乞求；请求
• She refused to become involved with him despite his passionate entreaties. 尽管他苦苦哀求，她还是拒绝跟他有任何瓜葛。
n. 恳求；乞求
 - prayer, suit, imploration

Word: garibaldi

Word: gird
Front: gird
[gɜ:d] (22579/32701)
Vocabulary: gird
(once / 1153 pages)
v
"Gird your loins and prepare for battle!" Okay, no one says "gird your loins" anymore (which basically means "tighten your pants"), but gird is still used as a verb to mean "get ready for a dangerous situation."
To gird is to prepare for a military attack, but more loosely it refers to readying oneself for any kind of confrontation. When you gird for something, you are preparing for the worst-case scenario. Gird can also mean "fasten something tightly with a belt or a band" (as in "gird your loins"), or it can mean "to surround or encircle." A field that is girded by trees is surrounded and encircled by trees.
WORD FAMILY
gird: girded, girding, girds, girt, undergird+/undergird: undergirded, undergirding, undergirds, undergirt
USAGE EXAMPLES
Now Saudis are girding themselves for additional cuts that risk provoking public ire.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 21, 2016)
Environmental groups say they are girding up to defend the Obama administration’s environmental legacy in court.
Seattle Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Fillon, no doubt, will be watching what is now unfolding in France's southern neighbor as he girds for battle.
Reuters(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: v. 束缚
时态：girded, girding, girds
分布：束(46%)，做好准备(21%)，嘲笑(17%)，包围(8%)，讽刺的话(8%)
→来自gher, 围，绕，词源同yard,garden.
US [gɝ:d] (girded or girt, girded or girt) old use
verb transitive
■to tie something around your body or part of your body 将…围在身上；将…缠在身上；（用某物）束…
• [R] The knights girded them selves for battle (= put on their swords and fighting clothes). 骑士们披甲佩剑准备战斗。
UK [gɜ:d] US [gɝ:d] (girded or girt, girded or girt) old use
verb transitive
gird your self (also gird (up) your loins) literary or humorous
■to get ready to do something or deal with something 准备（做某事）
• We girded ourselves for the fray (= prepared for action or trouble). 我们准备好了，随时可以行动。
• Europe's finest golfers are girding their loins for the challenge of the Ryder Cup. 欧洲顶尖的高尔夫球手正在准备迎接莱德杯高尔夫球赛的挑战。
vt. 束缚；佩带；做准备
 - chain, bound
vi. 准备；嘲骂
 - prepare for make preparations for, cut out for
n. 嘲笑
 - derision, sarcasm

Word: floral
Front: floral
[ˈflɔ:rəl] (托 8357/9758 -1)
Vocabulary: floral
(once / 3161 pages)
1adj 2adj
Something floral has something to do with flowers. A floral perfume smells like roses or lilacs or violets.
You can call a flower show a floral event, and a big bouquet of flowers is a floral arrangement. Something that's printed with pictures of flowers is floral too, like your grandmother's floral curtains or a little girl's floral pajamas. The word floral meant "pertaining to Flora" in the mid-17th century — the Latin Flora is the Roman goddess of flowers, from flos, or "flower."
WORD FAMILY
floral: florally+/ flora: florae, floral, floras, multiflora
USAGE EXAMPLES
Floral patterns abound, on stunning floor-length gowns and crisp suit jackets.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The bottle’s purple label with floral images was designed to attract female shoppers’ attention in a wine aisle dominated by dull colors.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
The vessel's sails will feature floral portraits of organ donors.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 花的，花似的; 以花装饰的; 植物的，植物群的; 花神的
分布：花的(69%)，植物的(19%)，花似的(7%)，以花占主要的图片或设计(5%)
→来自词根flor, 花，词源同flower.
花的,似花的(flor+al)[flor,flour=flower,表示"花"]
植物群(flor+a表示复数→花群→植物群)[flor,flour=flower,表示"花"]
US ['flɔ:r.əl] adjective
■made of flowers, or decorated with pictures of flowers 用花制作的；饰以花卉图案的
• floral curtains/print/wallpaper 花窗帘／印花布／花墙纸
• a floral display/tribute 花展／葬礼用的鲜花
adj. 花的；植物的，植物群的；花似的
 - vegetable, flowery

Word: footpath
Front: footpath
[ˈfʊtpɑ:θ] (六托 20418/7157 -1)
Back: n. 人行道，人行小径; 小路，小径
分布：人行道(60%)，小径(36%)，乡野小路(4%)
US [-pæθ] noun countable
■a path, especially in the countryside, for walking on （尤指乡间的）人行小径
n. 人行道；小路；小径
 - path, pavement, sidewalk

Word: fissiparous

Word: harpoon
Front: harpoon
[hɑ:ˈpu:n] (宝 21934/36946)
Vocabulary: harpoon
(once / 2615 pages)
nv
A harpoon is a long spear that's barbed. To harpoon is to strike an animal, like a whale, with a harpoon. If you are Moby Dick, you steer clear of harpoons.
There are many weapons people use to hunt, such as guns, knives, and spears. When people hunt sea life such as whales and sharks, they use a type of spear called a harpoon. A harpoon is long like a spear, but it's also barbed, so when it penetrates an animal, it sticks in. The hunter throws the harpoon, and it has a line attached to it — much like a fishing line. Hunting animals in this way is called harpooning.
WORD FAMILY
harpoon: harpooned, harpooneer, harpooner, harpooning, harpoons+/harpooneer: harpooneers/harpooner: harpooners
USAGE EXAMPLES
So there will be swimming, swinging, climbing, leaping and harpooning from tall, bent-steel pipes that form the ship and ribs of the great white wale.
Washington Post(Nov 17, 2016)
Initially discovered after an 1828 harpooning off South Africa's coast, there were just 320 cumulative sightings over the next 160 years, before research began intensifying.
National Geographic(Nov 11, 2016)
Pyenson can point out scars on warehouse skeletons where the animals were savaged by harpoons or ships' bows.
Washington Post(Oct 12, 2016)
Back: n. 鱼镖，鱼叉
vt. 用鱼叉叉; 用鱼叉捕获
时态：harpooned, harpooning, harpoons
分布：用鱼叉叉(100%)
→来自拉丁语harpa,钩子，来自serp,弯，转，弯钩，词源同serpent,-oon,大词后缀。引申词义鱼叉。
鱼叉(harp钩子;harp作为单词,有"竖琴"之意)[-oon表名词"人或物"]
【区】lampoon（n /v 讽刺）；cartoon（n 卡通；漫画）
US [hɑ:r-] noun countable
■a long heavy spear (= long sharp weapon) fixed to a rope, used for killing whales 捕鲸叉
UK [hɑ:'pu:n] US [hɑ:r-] verb transitive
■to use a harpoon, usually to kill a whale 用捕鲸叉叉
vt. 用鱼叉叉；用鱼叉捕获
 - gig
n. 鱼叉
 - gaff, leister

Word: highbrow
Front: highbrow
[ˈhaɪbraʊ] (宝 22359/25866)
Vocabulary: highbrow
(once / 12494 pages)
adjn
Someone highbrow is highly cultured and sophisticated. You can call such a person a highbrow.
Certain types of art are considered sophisticated, cultured, and respectable: like opera and classical music. Anything highbrow is usually intellectual in nature, and people who appreciate such things are also called highbrows. Highbrows usually have money and are sometimes considered snobby or hoity-toity. The opposite of highbrow is lowbrow, which refers to vulgar and less sophisticated culture and people. A book by a professor would probably be highbrow, while a book by a reality TV star is probably lowbrow.
WORD FAMILY
highbrow: highbrows
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Alexandrov Ensemble, the army choir, is more noble and highbrow.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Inevitably it attracted criticism from some highbrow reviewers.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
Our family holiday dinners involve more highbrow sweet-potato recipes now: roasted with lemon-lime vinaigrette, puréed with fresh ginger and orange zest.
Seattle Times(Nov 09, 2016)
Back: adj. 文化修养高的; 高雅的; 学术性的
分布：文化修养高的(52%)，自诩文化修养高的(16%)，高知识分子(16%)，自以为文化修养很高的人(16%)
→high,高，brow,眉毛。来自古代面相学，认为长高眉毛的人天生有艺术修养或艺术口味，虽然科学证明这一说法毫无根据，但是这个词却流传了下来。比较诗句“高帝子孙尽隆准，龙种自与常人殊”。
【记】high高；brow（n 额；眉毛）：眉毛翘得高－自以为是有高深学问或文化素养的人
【参】middlebrow（n 学识平凡的人）；lowbrow（n 教养浅薄的人）
adjective mainly disapproving
■(of books, plays, etc.) involving serious and complicated or artistic ideas, or (of people) interested in serious and complicated subjects （书籍、戏剧等）严肃高雅的，高深复杂的；（人）对正统题材感兴趣的 Compare lowbrow ; middlebrow
adj. 不切实际的；自炫博学的；知识分子的
 - ideal, unreasonable, dream
n. 卖弄知识的人；知识分子
 - intellectual, clerisy

Word: heidelberg
Front: heidelberg
[ˈhaidlbə:ɡ] (-/24699)
Back: 海德尔堡（德意志联邦共和国西南部城市）
分布：名词(100%)

Word: hartford

Word: hump
Front: hump
[hʌmp] (托 13883/14914 -1)
Back: n. （驼）峰，（人的）驼背; 动物背部的隆肉; 小土丘，圆岗; [铁路]驼峰调车场
vt. 使隆起; 使烦恼; 扛或背（某物）; [粗俗用语][俚语]与（某人）性交
vi. [俚语]使自己苦干; [俚语]快速地移动
时态：humped, humping, humps
分布：驼背(34%)，弓起(19%)，使隆起(16%)，圆形隆起物(9%)，土墩(6%)，碰撞(6%)，恼火(4%)，敲击成圆丘形(3%)，肿块(3%)
→来自Proto-Germanic*hump,来自kemb,弯，转，词源同cubicle,hip.引申词义连绵的山丘，土墩，后用于指骆驼的驼峰，人的驼背。
noun
LUMP 隆起
countable
■a large round raised area or part 隆起；凸起
• The car hit a hump in the road and swerved. 汽车撞上了路面的一个隆起而突然转向。
• UK Local residents are asking for speed humps (= raised areas across the road which make people drive slowly) to be installed in their street. 当地居民要求在大街上设置减速丘。
countable
■a round raised part on a person's or animal's back 驼峰；（人的）驼背
• Some types of camel have two humps and others have one. 有些种类的骆驼有两个驼峰，而其他的只有一个。
⇒ See also humpbacked
[hʌmp] noun
ANGER 愤怒
[hʌmp] noun
be over the hump informal
■to be past the most difficult or dangerous part of an activity or period of time 完成了最困难的部分；渡过难关
• It's been hard work but I think we're over the hump now. 这是一项很艰苦的工作，但我想我们已经完成最困难的部分了。
[hʌmp] noun
get the hump UK informal
■to get upset and annoyed with someone because you think they have done something bad to you 生气；闷闷不乐
[hʌmp] verb
CARRY 搬运
transitive usually + adverb or preposition informal
■to carry or lift something heavy with difficulty （费力地）扛，背，驮
• My back really aches after humping those heavy boxes around all day. 扛了一天那些很重的箱子，我的背真的很痛。
[hʌmp] verb
HAVE SEX 性交
intransitive or transitive offensive
■to have sex (with someone) （与某人）性交
n. 驼峰；驼背；圆形隆起物
 - kyphosis, hunchback
vi. 隆起；弓起；努力；急速行进
 - apply oneself, struggle, labor
vt. 使隆起；使烦恼
 - trouble, irk

Word: hulking
Front: hulking
[ˈhʌlkɪŋ] (17154/34255)
Back: adj. 庞大笨重的，笨拙的
分布：笨重的(80%)，粗陋的(20%)
→来自hulk,船骸，笨重的大船。引申词义巨大的。
adjective
■large and heavy 大而重的，大而壮的
• We were stopped by two hulking security guards. 我们被两名身材魁梧的保安拦住了。
• How do you expect me to lift that hulking great box? 你怎么能指望我搬动那个又大又重的箱子？
adj. 笨重的；粗陋的
 - cumbersome, ponderous

Word: honolulu
Front: honolulu
[ˌhɒnə'lu:lu:] (-/35811)
Back: n. 火奴鲁鲁（即“檀香山”，美国夏威夷州的首府和港市）
分布：名词(100%)

Word: idleness
Front: idleness
['aɪdlnəs] (六 23589/15250)
Back: n. 懒惰; 闲散; 无益，无效; 失业
分布：懒惰(75%)，闲散(25%)
n. 懒惰；闲散；失业
 - unemployment, inapplication

Word: indiscretion
Front: indiscretion
[ˌɪndɪˈskreʃn] (19461/18855)
Vocabulary: indiscretion
(once / 1854 pages)
n
If you commit an indiscretion you are doing something wrong that shows a lack of judgment. Perhaps stealing candy was your first indiscretion. Likely it will not be your last.
You'll often hear the word indiscretion used when referring to politicians or public figures caught in a scandal. Used this way, the word implies poor judgment for both the wrong and the fact that the politician got caught. If you are going to commit an indiscretion, it's best to be a bit discreet, or subtle, about it.
WORD FAMILY
indiscretion: indiscretions+/ discretion: discretional, discretionary, discretions, indiscretion /discretional: discretionally
USAGE EXAMPLES
High collars and long sleeves used to be the best way to hide such indiscretions.
Washington Times(Dec 06, 2016)
They defeated the Portland Trail Blazers, taking a 107-103 victory at Madison Square Garden, surviving a white-knuckle fourth quarter and overcoming their early indiscretions.
New York Times(Nov 22, 2016)
And there’s a much longer list of folk who need to make amends for all manner of indiscretion done in the name of democracy.
Time(Nov 22, 2016)
Back: n. 不慎重的举止，轻率的言行
分布：不慎重(55%)，鲁莽(30%)，轻率之举(15%)
【记】indiscreet（adj 不慎重的；轻率的）；discreet（adj 小心慎重）discrete（adj 不连续的；离散的）因为两个e是分开的
【反】judiciousness（n 明智）
noun
uncountable
■when a person or their behaviour is indiscreet 轻率，不慎重
• Jones was censured for indiscretion in leaking a secret report to the press. 琼斯因轻率地向新闻界泄漏了一份机密报告而受到严厉批评。
countable
■something, especially a sexual relationship, that is considered embarrassing or morally wrong （尤指性关系上的）不检点
• We should forgive him a few youthful indiscretions. 我们应该原谅他作为年轻人一些有失检点的行为。
n. 轻率；言行失检
 - rashness, giddiness

Word: indiscipline
Front: indiscipline
[ɪnˈdɪsɪplɪn] (40920/23887)
Back: n. 无纪律，未经训练
分布：无纪律(65%)，未经训练(21%)，不规律(14%)
→in-,不，非，discipline,原则。
[ɪn'dɪs.ə.plɪn] formal
noun uncountable
■a lack of control or obedience 无纪律；缺乏管教
• The school was given three months to sort out the problem of indiscipline. 学校被勒令于三个月内解决学生纪律涣散的问题。
n. 无纪律；缺乏训练；无纪律行为
 - undiscipline

Word: incinerate
Front: incinerate
[ɪnˈsɪnəreɪt] (宝 19281/24500 -1)
Vocabulary: incinerate
(once / 10488 pages)
v
See incinerate and think: "burn, baby, burn!" Whether it’s an old love letter that makes you sad or a terrible picture of yourself, it might be better just to incinerate it, meaning, you burn it.
When you burn something beyond recognition, you incinerate it, as its Latin origins in incinerare, or "into ashes" shows. Once you incinerate something, that’s pretty much all that’s left: ashes. The word has a formal feel and is often used to refer to the removal of waste material — your city might incinerate garbage, for example — but you can use it any time you need to reduce something to ashes.
WORD FAMILY
incinerate: incinerated, incinerates, incinerating, incineration, incinerator+/incineration: incinerations/incinerator: incinerators
USAGE EXAMPLES
In addition to fibrous foods, confiscated narcotics and “anything counterfeit” — like fake Viagra, he said — is incinerated.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
This is the game you burn, even though it may also be the game that incinerates the team’s playoff chances.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
The dead, often buried in mass graves or incinerated, are rarely returned to their relatives.
Economist(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: vi. 把…烧成灰烬
vt. 焚化，火葬
时态：incinerated, incinerating, incinerates
分布：火化(56%)，烧成灰(44%)
→in-,进入，使，-ciner,灰，灰烬，词源同Cinderella，灰姑娘。即烧成灰烬。
焚烧[ciner=ash(灰)]
【记】in进入，ciner灰，ate－变成灰－焚化
【参】cinerary（adj 灰的；骨灰的）
US [-ə.reɪt] verb transitive
■to burn something completely 把…烧成灰烬；焚毁
• to incinerate waste 焚烧废弃物
• The spacecraft and its crew were incinerated by the billion-degree temperatures generated by the fireball. 太空船以及全体太空人被火球产生的十亿度的高温化为了灰烬。
vt. 焚化；烧成灰
 - cremate

Word: introductory
Front: introductory
[ˌɪntrəˈdʌktəri] (8912/8008 -1)
Vocabulary: introductory
(once / 1938 pages)
adj
Something introductory prefaces or explains what comes after it. An introductory paragraph at the start of your essay will sum up the ideas you plan to discuss.
Introductory remarks before a speech will give some basic information about the speaker or her topic, and an introductory scene in a movie sets up the characters, time period, or setting so the story makes sense. This 17th century adjective is from the Latin word introductorius, from introducere, "to lead in," with its roots intro-, "inward," and ducere, "to lead."
WORD FAMILY
introductory: introductorily+/ introduce: introduced, introduces, introducing, introduction, introductory, re-introduce, reintroduce/ introduction: introductions, re-introduction/re-introduce: re-introduced/reintroduce: reintroduced, reintroduces, reintroducing, reintroduction/reintroduction: reintroductions
USAGE EXAMPLES
Nearly every introductory highlight included his hurdle of a Syracuse defender as he reached the end zone.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department is holding a free introductory course at Lake Carmi.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The home page contains many thumbnail images that entice you to read more, along with a few introductory words.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 引导的，介绍的，导言的; 开端的; 序
分布：介绍的(54%)，引导的(26%)，开端的(20%)
adjective
FIRST TIME 首次的
■existing, used, or experienced for the first time 首次的（存在，使用或经历）
• an introductory price/offer 上市价／试销优惠
• an introductory course in word processing (= a course for people who have not done word processing before) 电脑文字处理基础课程
[ˌɪn.trə'dʌk.tər.i] adjective
BEGINNING 开始的
■written or said at the beginning 引导的；序言的
• an introductory chapter 序篇
• I'd like to make some introductory remarks before beginning the lecture properly. 我想在讲座正式开始之前说几句开场白。
adj. 引导的，介绍的；开端的
 - guiding, orientative

Word: intergenerational
Front: intergenerational
[ˌɪntədʒenə'reɪʃənl] (16847/36873)
Back: adj. 两代间的
分布：两代人之间的(100%)

Word: intercity
Front: intercity
[.ɪntə(r)'sɪti] (32268/17335)
Back: adj. 城市间的
分布：城市间的(100%)
US [-tˌɚ'sɪtˌ-] adjective [before noun]
■travelling from one city to another, or happening between cities 城际的，来往于城市间的
• intercity bus/train/rail service 城际公车／列车／铁路交通

Word: jama

Word: irrevocable
Front: irrevocable
[ɪˈrevəkəbl] (托宝 19624/19076 -1)
Vocabulary: irrevocable
(once / 1786 pages)
adj
If you're on a diet but eat one tiny piece of chocolate, it might start an irrevocable slide into bad eating. Describe something as irrevocable if it cannot be undone or taken back.
If you break down irrevocable, you wind up with ir "not," re "back" and vocable from the Latin vocare "to call." So if something is irrevocable, you cannot call it back — it is permanent. You must fulfill an irrevocable promise and live with an irrevocable decision. A law is irrevocable if it states within the law that it cannot be nullified. Now that's final!
WORD FAMILY
irrevocable: irrevocably +/revocable: irrevocable / revocation: revocations/ revokable: irrevokable/ revoke: revocable, revocation, revokable, revoked, revokes, revoking
USAGE EXAMPLES
Like the film’s title character, the artist, Tyrus Wong, weathered irrevocable separation from his mother, incarceration, isolation and rigorous interrogation — all as a child.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
While immaturity and laziness are inextricably linked, neither is irrevocable.
Seattle Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Gifts to donor-advised funds are irrevocable, and the money in those funds grows tax-free.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: adj. 不能取消的; 不可改变的; 不能挽回的
分布：不能挽回的(42%)，不能取消的(36%)，不能变更的(22%)
→ir-,不，非，revocable,可更改的。
不可取消的(ir+revocable可取消的;来自:revoke取消)[il-,ir-①放在同辅音词根前表示"不,无"②表示”使…成为,进入"]
不能改变的(ir不+revocable→不可废除的)[voc,vok=call,voice表示"叫喊,声音"]
【记】revoke（vt 撤回；废除）re反，voke喊－废除
adjective
■impossible to change 不可改变的
• an irrevocable decision 不可改变的决定
adj. 不可改变的；不能取消的；不能挽回的
 - remediless

Word: inure
Front: inure
[ɪˈnjʊə(r)] (托 26829/38476)
Vocabulary: inure
(once / 3895 pages)
v
To inure is to get used to something difficult or unpleasant. If after spending an hour in your brother's room, you stop noticing the stinky-sock smell, you have become inured to the odor.
Although the Latin roots of inure mean "in work," it may be easier to think of "in use" when you see inure. Got new shoes that give you blisters? When they are "in use" long enough, your feet will become inured to the spots that rub, and while you may have calluses, you will not be in pain. You can be inured to more abstract things too. When weathermen constantly play up the next big snowstorm or blizzard, you become inured to it and stop paying attention to them.
WORD FAMILY
inure: inured, inures, inuring
USAGE EXAMPLES
Their parents, of course, were no less bereaved for being more inured, and they were left without even snapshots to cherish.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
More than glorifying or condemning violence, the image simply inures us to these daily horrors.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
The good news is that, despite the psychological and physical wounds that sustained terrorist campaigns inflict, societies can become inured to them.
Economist(Sep 01, 2016)
Back: vt. 使习惯（于）
时态：inured, inuring, inures
分布：动词(86%)，名词(14%)
→in-,进入，使，ure,工作，实践，练习，词源同maneuver,opus.即经常练习，使习惯。
US [-'jʊr] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  inure sb to sth formal
■If you become inured to something unpleasant, you become familiar with it and able to accept and bear it 使（某人）习惯于（令人不快的事物）
• After spending some time on the island they became inured to the hardships. 在岛上留了一段时间后，他们适应了那里的艰苦生活。
vi. 适用；起作用；有助于
 - operate, apply, act

Word: kilpatrick

Word: jest
Front: jest
[dʒest] (宝 19350/21933 -1)
Vocabulary: jest
(once / 200 pages)
nv
A jest is a joke. Are you a playful prankster? A jocular jokester? A witty wisecracker? Then you are definitely well versed in the art of the jest.
To jest means to tease and joke in a playful way — like that "court jester"! Back in medieval times, the court jester was hired to tell funny gestes, or tales. But nowadays he's always cracking jokes and teasing the ladies about their wacky hairdos. All in jest of course. Otherwise the king would have his head.
WORD FAMILY
jest: jested, jester, jesting, jests+/ jester: jesters/jesting: jestingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ciccariello-Maher told the Inquirer that his inflammatory tweet was meant in jest.
Time(Dec 26, 2016)
His invitation to Russia to try to hack Clinton’s emails, issued last summer during the Democratic National Convention, was inexcusable, even if in jest.
Washington Post(Dec 17, 2016)
But he was speaking in jest in the minutes after a win.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 笑话，玩笑; 戏谑，诙谐; 笑柄
vi. 开玩笑，打趣; 取笑，嘲弄
时态：jested, jesting, jests
分布：玩笑(44%)，开玩笑(36%)，说笑(20%)
→来自拉丁语gesta,事迹，英雄故事，来自gerere,带来，词源同belligerent,digest.原指讲述英雄故事，通常带有夸张色彩，最后引申词义开玩笑，打趣，逗笑。
【记】jest＝joy＋est，最joy的事情就是jest。
【参】jesting（adj 开玩笑的；滑稽的）
【反】solemnity（n 严肃；一本正经）；solemn utterance（严肃的话）
noun formal
countable
■something which is said or done in order to be funny 笑话；滑稽事
• His proposal was no jest - he was completely sincere. 他的建议不是开玩笑，他绝对是认真的。
in jest
■intended as a joke and not said seriously 开玩笑地，诙谐地
• I only said it in jest - you're obviously not fat. 我那么说是开玩笑——显然你并不胖。
[dʒest] noun formal
Many a true word is spoken in jest. saying
■said about humorous remarks which contain serious or true statements 戏言寓真理。
[dʒest] verb intransitive
■to say something intended to be funny 开玩笑
• Would I jest about something so important? 我会拿这么重要的事开玩笑吗？
n. 笑话，俏皮话；玩笑
 - joke, fun, sport
vi. 开玩笑；嘲笑
 - fool, kid around
vt. 嘲笑
 - laugh at, deride

Word: joker
Front: joker
[ˈdʒəʊkə(r)] (21161/18723 -1)
Vocabulary: joker
(once / 4303 pages)
1n 2n 3n
A joker is someone who loves jokes, and tells them all the time. Jokers are usually harmless, unless you meet up with Batman's archenemy, "The Joker." He's no joke.
A joke-teller or practical joke-player is one kind of joker, but you can also use this word when you're annoyed with someone who's acting ridiculous or foolish: "That joker in the convertible just ran a red light!" Card players might be more familiar with the jokers you find in a full deck, the extra cards that are either used as wild cards or removed when you play a game.
WORD FAMILY
joker: jokers+/ joke: joked, joker, jokes, jokester, joking / jokester: jokesters/ joking: jokingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
He’s a practical joker who unexpectedly drops in on his daughter, Ines, in Bucharest.
The New Yorker(Dec 21, 2016)
However, he is never as menacing or as unpredictable as previous incarnations of the Joker, portrayed by Jack Nicolson, Heath Ledger or even Caesar Romero.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
He was also a joker who dressed as a clown to cheer up the Aleppo’s traumatized children.
Seattle Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 爱开玩笑的人; 滑稽角色，诙谐者; 纸牌百搭; 伏笔
分布：家伙(72%)，诙谐者(17%)，伏笔(11%)
→来自joke,玩笑。字面意思即逗人笑的人，小丑。原作为扑克牌的野牌使用，即wild card,但由于其用法的灵活性，最后成了最大的牌。
US ['dʒoʊ.kɚ] noun countable
CARD 牌
■a special playing card which can be given any value and is used in some card games instead of any other card （纸牌中可充当任何点数的）丑角排：百搭：万能牌
UK ['dəʊ.kər] US ['dʒoʊ.kɚ] noun countable
FUNNY PERSON 有趣的人
■someone who likes telling funny stories or doing stupid things in order to make people laugh 爱开玩笑的人，逗趣的人
• He's always been a bit of a joker and can't resist playing tricks on people. 他总是喜欢开点玩笑，忍不住要作弄别人。
UK ['dəʊ.kər] US ['dʒoʊ.kɚ] noun countable
ANNOYING PERSON 讨厌的人 informal
■a person who has done something which annoys you 讨厌的人
• Some joker keeps setting off the fire alarm. 有个讨厌的家伙不断触动火灾警报。
UK ['dəʊ.kər] US ['dʒoʊ.kɚ] noun countable
joker in the pack
■the person or thing that could change the situation in an unexpected way 能意想不到地改变形势的人（或事物）
n. 爱开玩笑的人；家伙；丑角牌
 - apple, customer, fellow, egg, guy

Word: jewry

Word: landau
Front: landau
[ˈlændɔ:] (41422/28624)
Back: n. 带篷四轮小马车，小型单排座敞篷轿车
分布：一种四轮敞篷马车(100%)
→因产自德国Laudau镇而得各，词源同land.参照coach,limousine.

Word: knickers
Front: knickers
[ˈnɪkəz] (24304/10554 -1)
Vocabulary: knickers
(once / 24675 pages)
n
Knickers are underwear, especially women's underpants. Your little cousin's favorite knickers might be her blue and red Wonder Woman knickers.
Knickers, meaning underpants, is primarily a British term, although Americans will usually know what you mean if you use it. In the US, the primary, if outdated, meaning of knickers is "short pants." These old fashioned trousers, also known as knickerbockers or "breeches," were loose and knee-length, and worn by men and boys. Golfers and skiers commonly wore knickers in the early 20th century.
WORD FAMILY
knickers
USAGE EXAMPLES
In another, a golfer in knickers surveys a shot from the branch of a live oak as a cloud seems close to enveloping him.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
So to lessen my nerves filming that scene, I put something in the front of my knickers – a rather large, pink thing.
The Guardian(Dec 11, 2016)
“They got their knickers in a twist about it, but it’s not pink,” Mr. Irons said during a recent stay in New York.
New York Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 短裤; 灯)恼火笼裤; 内裤; 衬裤
分布：名词(100%)
→缩写自knickerbockers,女式灯笼裤。但后来裤脚越来越短，最终变成了女衬裤或女内裤，并与knickerbockers产生了区分。
US [-ɚz] plural noun UK (US panties)
■a piece of underwear worn by women and girls covering the area between the waist and the tops of the legs 女装灯笼裤
• a pair of black cotton knickers 一条黑色棉质灯笼裤
US for * knickerbockers
UK ['nɪk.əz] US [-ɚz] plural noun
get your knickers in a twist UK informal humorous
■to become confused, worried or annoyed about something 迷惑；着慌；恼火
n. 灯笼裤，短裤；女用灯笼裤型的扎口短裤
 - plus fours, short pants

Word: meteorologist
Front: meteorologist
[ˌmi:tiəˈrɒlədʒɪst] (托 15210/36572)
Back: n. 气象学者
分布：气象学家(100%)
→来自meteorology,气象学。
US [-tˌi.ə'rɑ:l-] noun countable
■someone who studies meteorology 气象学家

Word: millstone
Front: millstone
[ˈmɪlstəʊn] (29411/21046)
Back: n. 磨; 磨石; 粉碎器; 重担
分布：磨石(89%)，重担(11%)
→mill,磨坊，stone,石头。
US [-stoʊn] noun countable
■one of a pair of large circular flat stones used, especially in the past, to crush grain to make flour 磨石，磨盘
UK ['mɪl.stəʊn] US [-stoʊn] noun countable
be (like) a millstone around/round your neck
■to be a responsibility that is difficult to bear and causes you trouble 犹如套在（某人）脖子上的磨盘，成了（某人的）沉重负担
• The mortgage on his house had become a millstone around his neck. 房屋按揭贷款让他不堪重负。
n. 磨石；重担
 - grindstone, whetstone

Word: manor
Front: manor
[ˈmænə(r)] (14099/4401 -2)
Vocabulary: manor
(once / 667 pages)
n
A manor is the house of a lord — pretty fancy stuff. If you like to read 18th-century British novels, you probably read about a lot of people having dinner, dance, and restrained romance in their manors.
Manor comes from the Old French manoir, meaning "dwelling place," but a manor isn't just any old dwelling place. In the days when people still had titles of nobility, the houses and the grounds of the nobles were known as manors. If you tell someone that his house is a manor, that's like saying it's so opulent and lovely that it could have belonged to a lord.
WORD FAMILY
manor: manorial, manors+/manorial: manorially
USAGE EXAMPLES
Paranormal Lockdown Nick and Katrina visit a historic, purportedly haunted manor in Middleboro, Mass., in this new episode of the unscripted series. 9 p.m.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The Manor Site-specific tale of scandal and murder, inspired by actual events.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
He used to work for the Briarcliff Manor police department.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 庄园; 领地; 庄园大厦; 庄园主的住宅
分布：庄园(100%)
→来自拉丁语manere,停留，等待，站稳，词源同manse,mansion,remain.引申词义住所，庄园。
US [-ɚ] noun
LARGE HOUSE 大房子
countable (also manor house)
■a large old house in the country with land belonging to it 庄园宅第
UK ['mæn.ər] US [-ɚ] noun
AREA 区域
countable usually singular UK slang
■the area in which a person works or which they are responsible for 工作区；负责区域；管辖区
n. 庄园；领地；采邑，采地
 - possession, fazenda

Word: modus
Front: modus
['məʊdəs] (19538/-)
Back: n. 方法，形式
分布：方式(50%)，程序(50%)
n. 方法，方式；程序，样式
 - way of, manner, method, procedure, mode, approach, system

Word: missive
Front: missive
[ˈmɪsɪv] (宝 21170/21830)
Vocabulary: missive
(once / 2866 pages)
n
A missive usually refers to the old-school style of hand-written communication on paper (remember that?), but these days you also might hear an email called a missive, too. No matter how you deliver it, a missive is a message.
The noun missive comes from the Latin word missus, meaning "to send." You may have heard the phrase, "fire off a missive," meaning a note, memo or dispatch that was written and sent with urgency and conveyed an important message. It might have been a missive sent from a commander to the troops, telling them of a change in the battle plan. Or, maybe it was an urgent love letter to the commander's wife back home, telling her to tie a yellow ribbon round the ole oak tree...
WORD FAMILY
missive: missives
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sister Donna Gould closes that missive with a plea:
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
He would begin documenting his experiences in missives sent back to his parish in Norwich.
BBC(Dec 25, 2016)
In a missive in April, he warned Mr. Salmond that the Scottish economy “will become a third world wasteland that global investors will avoid.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 信件
分布：公文(65%)，书信(35%)
→来自拉丁语littera missiva,即送出去的信。特用于指比较正式的信件，即信函，公函等。
noun countable
■an official, formal or long letter 公函，公文
• She sent a ten-page missive to the council, detailing her objections. 她向市政会发了一封十页的公函，细述她的反对意见。
n. 公文， 公函；信件，信函
 - sending, public document

Word: molly
Front: molly
[ˈmɔli] (-/6772)
Back: n. 娘娘腔的男人，懦夫
分布：名词(95%)，副词(5%)
n. 懦夫；娘娘腔的男人
 - chicken, cream puff

Word: minutely
Front: minutely
[ˈminitli] (托 24836/19978)
Vocabulary: minutely
(once / 1679 pages)
adv
Do something minutely and you'll do it in an attentive or meticulous, careful way. If you minutely edit your English paper, you'll be sure to catch every last mistake.
A detective might investigate a crime minutely, examining every possible clue in an intent way. Minutely can also modify an adjective, as in a minutely detailed news report or a minutely precise dollhouse version of Buckingham Palace. At the root of minutely is the Latin minutus, "little, small, or minute."
WORD FAMILY
minute: minutely, minuteness, minuter, minutes, minutest+/minuteness: minutenesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Most of what’s here, though, is “Homage to the Square” material, in the form of minutely annotated color studies or full-scale paintings.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Today, they welcome having their sexual and other social interactions minutely subjected to government regulations administered by Pecksniffs with PhDs.
Washington Post(Oct 19, 2016)
Digital audiences are nothing if not minutely monitored.
New York Times(Oct 02, 2016)
Back: adv. 详细地，精密地
分布：详细地(20%)，每分钟的(20%)，微小地(10%)，每分钟地(10%)，仔细地(10%)，持续的(10%)，经常地(10%)，经常的(10%)
US [-'nu:t-] adverb
■very carefully, or looking at every small detail 仔细地；缜密地
• to examine something minutely 仔细观察某物
adv. 详细地；精密地
 - particularly, detailedly

Word: mountainside
Front: mountainside
[ˈmaʊntənsaɪd] (14290/18663 -1)
Back: n. 山腰，山坡
分布：山腰(53%)，山坡(47%)
US [-tən-] noun countable usually singular
■the side or slope of a mountain 山腰；山坡
• Can you see those goats high up on the mountainside? 你看见山腰高处的那些山羊吗？
n. 山腰；山坡
 - hillside, brae

Word: mudslide
Front: mudslide
[ˈmʌdslaɪd] (25080/-)
Back: n. （沿缓坡而下的）徐缓黏滞泥流，泥流; 泥石流
分布：泥流(100%)
n. 塌方；山崩；（沿缓坡而下的）徐缓黏滞泥流；泥流
 - earthfall, landslip

Word: moralise
Front: moralise
['mɒrəlaɪz] (-/36412)
Back: v. 教化，讲道
分布：教化(60%)，讲道(40%)
vi. 教化；从道德上解释（等于moralize）
 - to teach
vt. 讲道；说教（等于moralize）
 - preach

Word: npa

Word: nouveau
Front: nouveau
[nu:'vəʊ] (-/31926)
Back: adj. 新近到达的，新近产生的
分布：新近到达的(67%)，最近产生的(33%)

Word: obnoxious
Front: obnoxious
[əbˈnɒkʃəs] (雅宝 13843/18531 -1)
Vocabulary: obnoxious
(once / 1730 pages)
adj
If something is obnoxious, it's annoying and unpleasant. Generally, people like to avoid obnoxious folks.
If something is driving you absolutely crazy, it's probably obnoxious. Yelling and stomping your feet is obnoxious. Poking someone repeatedly is obnoxious. Driving like a maniac is obnoxious. If the teacher comes in and finds students jumping up and down and throwing books, she might say, "Stop being so obnoxious!" Anytime someone is obnoxious, someone else probably wants them to stop it.
WORD FAMILY
obnoxious: obnoxiously, obnoxiousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is obnoxious, annoying and happens too often.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
The $38-million movie features Bryan Cranston as a protective dad who clashes with his daughter’s boyfriend, an obnoxious Internet billionaire played by James Franco.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Imagine being in a movie with your obnoxious little brother as the lead.
The Guardian(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: adj. 讨厌的; 易受伤害; 应受谴责的
分布：讨厌的(71%)，可憎的(21%)，不愉快的(8%)
→ob-,在上，表强调，-nox,伤害，杀死，词源同noxious,necrosis.引申词义即其讨厌的，可憎的。
令人讨厌的(ob坏+nox+ious→又坏又毒→令人讨厌的)[noc,nox=hurt,poison,表示"伤害,毒"]
US [-'nɑ:k-] disapproving
adjective
■very unpleasant or rude 可憎的，令人讨厌的；粗鲁无礼的
• Some of his colleagues say that he's loud and obnoxious. 他的一些同事说他这个人又爱出风头又惹人讨厌。
• When she's in a bad mood she's obnoxious to everyone. 她发脾气的时候，人人都很讨厌她。
adj. 讨厌的；可憎的；不愉快的
 - evil, rank, unpleasant, poisonous

Word: neurotransmitter
Front: neurotransmitter
[ˈnjʊərəʊtrænzmɪtə(r)] (托 17712/27020)
Back: n. 神经传递素
分布：神经传递素(100%)
→neuro-,神经，transmitter,传递。
noun countable []
■a chemical that carries messages between nerve cells or between nerve cells and muscles 神经传递素，是神经细胞用来在互相之间及向肌肉组织传递信号的化学物质。

Word: peeve
Front: peeve
[pi:v] (宝 27335/-)
Vocabulary: peeve
(once / 1667 pages)
nv
A peeve is something that really annoys you, like waiting in a long line or dropping a can on your toe because someone left it on the counter. Again. It's also a word for describing your resulting mood: peeved.
You probably know the term "pet peeve," which is something that may not bother everyone, but particularly irritates you. Your pet peeve might be misspelled words on signs, mismatched socks, or close talkers. Peeve is also a verb, meaning "irritate." The adjective peevish, for “silly, perverse” came first, in the fourteenth century.
WORD FAMILY
peeve: peeved, peeves, peeving, peevish +/ peevish: peevisher, peevishest, peevishly, peevishness / peevishness: peevishnesses, peevishnesss
USAGE EXAMPLES
Claims dating back to the summer piled up from peeved brewers, printers and tobacconists.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The researchers asked 410 college students to list their pet peeves about the behavior of a current or former romantic partner.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 18, 2016)
The weary nation appears to be peeved at the press, and that includes Democrats and Republicans alike who are literally turning away.
Washington Times(Nov 15, 2016)
Back: v. （使）气恼，（使）焦躁，（使）愤怒
n. 麻烦的事物，怨恨，触怒
时态：peeved, peeving, peeves
分布：气恼(56%)，怨恨(44%)
→来自peevish的回构词。
【记】是peevish的逆构词，peevish读“劈为尸体”－易怒的
【反】placate（v 安抚）
verb transitive
■to annoy someone 惹恼（某人）
• What peeved her most was his thoughtlessness. 最令她生气的是他不把她放在心上。
• [+ that] It peeves me that she didn't bother to phone. 令我恼火的是她连电话也没打。
vt. 使焦躁；使气恼
 - unnerve, offput
vi. 焦躁；气恼；惹恼
 - brown off
n. 怨恨；麻烦的事物；触怒
 - hatred, spite

Word: orkney

Word: palate
Front: palate
[ˈpælət] (宝 11384/14840 -1)
Vocabulary: palate
(once / 1620 pages)
n
Touch your tongue to the top of your mouth. What you're touching is your palate. Palate is often used when discussing taste in a broader sense, as in: chocolate cake is pleasing to the palate.
A person with an expensive palate likes only high-priced culinary treats. Someone who tastes slight nuances in food is said to have a well-developed palate, and someone who likes only fancy food is said to have a sophisticated palate. In reality, most taste receptors are on the tongue. But that doesn't sound sophisticated at all, does it?
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
palate / palette / pallet
Time for a pop quiz! Choose your words...
When they get back, they should try to incorporate some of that raw beauty into the Rockies' color palate/palette/pallet.
The students gather palates/palettes/pallets during the week and stockpile them for sledding.
Reports are that the company will search out favorite regional foods to pepper the palate/palette/pallet for fans in Baltimore.
The first sentence refers to the range of colors the Rocky Mountains offer. The correct choice is palette. It can also refer to the board an artist uses to mix paints or the range of tone in music:
A dark chocolate in the shape of an artist's palette, with a relief of paint brushes and paints, is filled with a liquor-flavored butter cream.
Engineer and producer Butler brings a rich palette of sounds and styles, often trading in unabashed synth-based tracks.
The second sentence refers to a platform used for moving things: a pallet. The term can also mean a straw mattress or a small bed:
Paper-based honeycomb pallets extend branding surface on displays
They would be cutting demos and doing sessions until one in the morning, so I'd make a little pallet on the couch and crash and stay there all week.
Our final sentence describes Baltimoreans' preference of flavors in food, their palate. Palate can also mean the roof of one's mouth or the taste of something, such as wine:
They had assumed the receptors would be restricted to the tongue, soft palate, upper oesophagus and epiglottis.
The palate has plum, smoke, a surprising taste of apricot, but it is all wrapped in burnt rubber.
WORD FAMILY
palate: palatal, palates+/palatal: palatalise, palatalize, palatals/palatalise: palatalised/palatalize: palatalized
USAGE EXAMPLES
“But I discovered the human palate is amazingly adaptable, and after two weeks without salt or sugar, I no longer craved them.”
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Diners’ palates became more refined, and Washington’s restaurant scene exploded.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Keep your palate satisfied by bringing snacks like fruit, protein bars and sandwiches.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 味觉，嗜好; 审美眼光，鉴赏力; <解>腭; [植]下唇瓣
分布：口味(44%)，味觉(38%)，上颚(18%)
→来自拉丁语palatum,腭，上嘴唇。
noun
countable
■the top part of the inside of your mouth 颚
countable usually singular
■a person's ability to taste and judge good food and wine （对美食、美酒的）鉴赏力
• a discriminating palate 敏锐的鉴赏力
n. 味觉；上颚；趣味
 - interest, gustation

Word: obstetrician
Front: obstetrician
[ˌɒbstəˈtrɪʃn] (16525/24331)
Vocabulary: obstetrician
(once / 13938 pages)
n
If you were born in the United States, probably the first doctor you ever laid eyes on was an obstetrician, a medical doctor who delivers babies.
In many parts of the world, it’s more likely that a midwife would welcome you into the world. But even though an obstetrician is a medical doctor and can be male or female, the name goes back to the Latin word for midwife, obstetrix, the woman who "stands in front [of the woman having the baby]." Obstetricians are often called “O.B.,” for short, and an O.B. who also treats diseases of the female reproductive system is called an “O.B.-G.Y.N.,” “obstetrician-gynecologist.”
WORD FAMILY
obstetrician: obstetricians+/ obstetric: obstetrically, obstetrics / obstetrics: obstetrical, obstetrician
USAGE EXAMPLES
The delivery team and her obstetrician hoped the pregnancy would progress to at least 27 weeks.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Unfortunately, he was no longer available for my next two pregnancies and my new obstetrician saw me as a scientific experiment.
The Guardian(Dec 02, 2016)
Public hospitals may not participate in transfer agreements and Dayton-area obstetricians have been intimidated by abortion opponents as the clinic sought additional backup doctors.
Washington Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 产科医师
分布：产科医生(100%)
→obstetrics,妇产科，-ician,人。
US [ˌɑ:b-/ (US informal OB) specialized
noun countable
■a doctor with special training in how to care for pregnant women and help in the birth of babies 产科医生

Word: peacenik
Front: peacenik
[ˈpi:snɪk] (33974/-)
Back: n. <美俚><贬>参加反战示威的人，反战分子
分布：反战分子(100%)
→peace,和平，-nik,人，含贬义，词源同beatnik.

Word: perceptible
Front: perceptible
[pəˈseptəbl] (雅 18899/18662)
Vocabulary: perceptible
(once / 483 pages)
adj
Something perceptible is noticeable, even if just slightly. A perceptible noise can be heard.
You perceive through your senses, and things that are perceptible can be perceived; you can sense them. A flavor is perceptible if you can taste it. A sound is perceptible if you can hear it. The opposite of perceptible is imperceptible, for things that can't be noticed or detected. If you notice a sound, sight, or change, then it must be perceptible.
WORD FAMILY
perceptible: imperceptible, perceptibility, perceptibly+/ imperceptible: imperceptibility, imperceptibly /misperceive: misperceived, misperceives/perceivable: perceivably, unperceivable/ perceive: misperceive, perceivable, perceived, perceiveed, perceiver, perceives, perceiving, perceptible, perception, perceptive, percipient/ perceived: unperceived/perceiver: perceivers/perceiving: unperceiving/perceptibility: perceptibilities/ perception: perceptions/ perceptive: perceptively, perceptiveness, perceptivity, unperceptive/percipient: percipients/unperceivable: unperceivably/unperceiving: unperceivingly/unperceptive: unperceptively, unperceptiveness
USAGE EXAMPLES
This gratuitous publication will horrify many, inspire a few, and, by a small but perceptible increment, further desensitize the rest of us.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
But, in recent years, there’s been a perceptible move in pop culture towards elevating more women into these creator roles.
Salon(Dec 21, 2016)
The changes that the best movies wreak may not be perceptible in any reasoned public discourse close to the time of their release.
The New Yorker(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: adj. 可感觉[感受]到的，可理解的，可认识的
分布：可察觉的(53%)，看得见的(28%)，能感觉得到的(19%)
【记】per表面，cept拿，ible：表面能拿住－感觉到的
【参】concept（n 观念；概念）；precept（n 规则；格言）
【反】subliminal（adj 下意识的；难以觉察的）；appreciable（adj 可感知的）－imperceptible（adj 觉察不到的）
US [pɚ-] adjective
■that can be seen, heard or noticed 可察觉到的；可感知的
• There was a barely perceptible movement in his right arm. 他的右臂微微动了一下。
• The past year has seen a perceptible improvement in working standards. 去年，工作条件有了明显改善。
adj. 可察觉的；可感知的；看得见的
 - seen, visible

Word: piss
Front: piss
[pɪs] (8598/8297 -2)
Back: n. 尿; 小便
vi. 撒尿; 倾盆而下
vt. 撒尿弄脏
时态：pissed, pissing, pisses
分布：尿(49%)，小便(36%)，走开(5%)，使厌烦(5%)，使生气(5%)
→拟声词，撒尿声。
[pɪs] offensive
noun [S or U]
■urine 尿，小便
• There was piss all over the floor. 地板上到处是尿。
• I need a piss. 我要去小便。
• He's having a piss. 他正在小便。
[pɪs] offensive
noun [S or U]
take the piss (out of) sb or sth UK offensive
■to make a joke about someone or make them look silly 取笑
• They're always taking the piss out of him because he's a Barry Manilow fan. 他们总是取笑他，因为他是巴瑞‧曼尼洛的狂热崇拜者。
[pɪs] offensive
verb intransitive
■to pass urine 撒尿，解小便
• That dog keeps pissing on our fence. 那只狗总是在我们的栅栏上撒尿。
piss yourself
■to urinate over yourself and the clothes you are wearing 尿裤子
[pɪs] offensive
verb intransitive
be pissing in the wind
■to be trying to do something when there is no hope of succeeding 浪费时间做不可能成功的事，白费心机
• You can try to change her mind if you like, but you'll be pissing in the wind. 你愿意的话可以试着让她改变主意，但你只会是浪费时间。
[pɪs] offensive
verb intransitive
piss yourself (laughing)
■to laugh very much 大笑不止；笑破肚皮
• There I was writhing in agony on the floor and you lot were pissing yourselves laughing! 当时我痛苦得在地上翻滚，而你们这群人却笑得前仰后翻！
[pɪs] offensive
verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  intransitive or transitive piss (sb) about/around UK offensive
■to behave in a stupid way or to treat someone badly 无所事事；游手好闲；粗暴地对待（某人）
• Look, we haven't got much time so stop pissing about. 听着，我们时间不多了，别再无所事事地浪费时间了。
• Stop pissing me about and just tell me where they are. 别再浪费我的时间了，告诉我他们在哪里。
[pɪs] offensive
verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] piss sth away
■to waste an opportunity 浪费（机会）
• This is your last chance to win the league so don't piss it away. 这是你们赢得联赛的最后机会，别浪费了。
[pɪs] offensive
verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  intransitive piss down UK offensive
■to rain heavily 下大雨
• It 's really pissing (it) down here at the moment. 此时这里正下着滂沱大雨。
[pɪs] offensive
verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  piss off UK offensive
■to leave or go away, used especially as a rude way of telling someone to go away 溜走；滚开
• Everyone just pissed off and left me to clean up. 大家都溜走了，留下我一个人来打扫。
• Why don't you just piss off - you've caused enough problems already! 你为甚么不滚开呢——你惹的麻烦已经够多了！
[pɪs] offensive
verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  piss sb off (also pee sb off)
■to annoy someone 令（某人）恼火
• He never does any washing-up and it's starting to piss me off. 他从来不洗碗，这开始让我恼火了。
vi. 小便
 - pass water, urinate
n. 小便
 - pumpship, pee-pee
int. 呸！
 - shucks

Word: piazza
Front: piazza
[piˈætsə] (宝 16844/17700 -1)
Back: n. 广场，市场; 走廊，游廊; <英>连拱廊
分布：广场(79%)，走廊(21%)
→来自意大利语piazza,广场，来自拉丁语platea,宽阔的街道，平面，词源同plate,plan.
【记】来自意大利语pizza（n 比萨饼），这种饼经常在广场和拱廊里卖
US [-'ɑ:t-] noun countable
■especially in Italy, an open area with a hard surface in a town, especially where there is no traffic （尤指义大利城镇中无车辆行驶的）露天广场
⇒ See also square
n. 露天市场，广场；走廊
 - hall, passage, plaza, square, corridor

Word: percolate
Front: percolate
[ˈpɜ:kəleɪt] (托宝 18498/20953)
Vocabulary: percolate
(once / 7177 pages)
1vn 2v
When something percolates, it spreads gradually. If the news of your victory in the spelling bee spread slowly through your entire school, you could sit back and enjoy watching it percolate.
When a liquid percolates, it's filtered through something, and when an idea percolates, it's filtered through a group of people. Percolate often refers specifically to coffee, which is brewed by mixing ground coffee beans with hot water and filtering them through paper — in other words, coffee percolates. The Latin root is percolatus, which comes from per, or "through," plus colare, "to strain."
WORD FAMILY
percolate: percolated, percolates, percolating, percolation, percolator+/ percolation: percolations/percolator: percolators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Though Mr. Sanders in now back on Capitol Hill, his organization is still percolating, and fundraising for progressive causes.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
It brings a smile as it percolates from my subconscious.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
But her campaign is still percolating with vigor, now recalibrated to revise the election narrative.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: vi. 滤; 渗透; （思想等）渗透; 渗入
vt. （用渗滤壶）煮（咖啡）; 渗滤
时态：percolated, percolating, percolates
分布：渗透(55%)，过滤(25%)，浸透(20%)
→来自拉丁语percolare,过滤，渗透，来自per-,通过，colum,筛子，筛选，词源同colander,coliform.
渗滤,渗透[col=strain(排水)]
【记】per向四面八方，colate过滤－过滤
【参】colander（n 滤器）col共同，ander＝under：所有的东西都掉下去－漏勺
US ['pɝ:-] verb
LIQUID 液体
intransitive
■If a liquid percolates, it moves slowly through a substance with very small holes in it 渗透，渗漏，渗入
• Sea water percolates down through the rocks. 海水透过岩石渗漏下去。
intransitive or transitive
■to make coffee using a machine in which hot water passes through crushed coffee beans into a container below （用渗滤式咖啡壶）滤煮（咖啡）
UK ['pɜ:.kəl.eɪt] US ['pɝ:-] verb
INFORMATION 资讯
intransitive
■to spread slowly 扩散；流传
• The news has begun to percolate through the staff. 消息开始在员工中传开来。
vi. 过滤；渗出；浸透
 - filtrate, water logging
vt. 使渗出；使过滤
 - exude
n. 滤过液；渗出液
 - transduate, diffusate

Word: pup
Front: pup
[pʌp] (9257/12591 -1)
Vocabulary: pup
(once / 2027 pages)
nv
Even though you probably think of a young, cuddly dog when you hear the word pup, a pup is the correct name for the young of many different mammals (even the not-so-cuddly porcupine!).
When your dog has babies, they're pups, and the same is true of baby wolves. What's more surprising is that so are the baby anteaters in the zoo, as well as the offspring of sea lions, gerbils, and mongooses, among others. Sometimes this noun is also used to mean a young person who's particularly naive or arrogant. Pup comes from puppy, from the Middle French poupée, "doll."
WORD FAMILY
pup: pupped, pupping, pups
USAGE EXAMPLES
Their mother will be spayed and also put up for adoption once her pups are no longer breast-feeding.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
It features an eagle, one of Carmen’s favorite creatures, with outstretched wings and sharp talons, hovering over a momma wolf and her two pups.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
She spends her days volunteering, exercising, doting on her pups and reading.
Washington Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: n. 小狗; 自负的傻小子; （小狐，小海豹等）幼小的动物; 〈俚〉学生
vi. 生小狗，生小动物
vt. 生（小狗等小动物）
时态：pupped, pupping, pups
分布：小狗(82%)，小海豹(14%)，小伙子(4%)
→缩写自pup.
noun countable
■the young of particular animals, or a puppy 幼小动物；小狗
• a seal pup 小海豹
• an otter pup 小水獭
n. [脊椎] 小狗；幼畜
 - puppy, Zergling
vt. 生（小狗等小动物）
 - bring into the world

Word: quaff
Front: quaff
[kwɒf] (宝 31334/33945)
Vocabulary: quaff
(once / 4019 pages)
vn
To quaff is to gulp. You’re in a desert; you haven’t had water in days; you’re wicked thirsty. Then you find an oasis! You lean over and quaff the water.
If you’re in a room with your favorite foods, you might stuff the food into your mouth. Quaffing is the same fun, but with beverages instead of foods. But just like with stuffing food, quaffing means you drink a little too much. Often, quaffing refers to alcoholic drinks, but it can mean any beverage in general, like milkshakes. Quaff a milkshake and you’ll get a headache, but you’ll have fun doing it.
WORD FAMILY
quaff: quaffed, quaffer, quaffing, quaffs+/quaffer: quaffers
USAGE EXAMPLES
British drinkers quaffed gin in record amounts this year, while American fans of the spirit helped propel it to its best ever year.
The Guardian(Dec 08, 2016)
At the typical corporate holiday affair, co-workers might let their hair down a little, quaff some good cheer, perhaps exchange Secret Santa gifts.
New York Times(Nov 04, 2016)
Before the quaffs of Champagne, though, I had to do some legwork.
New York Times(Sep 20, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. <文>痛饮; 畅饮; 大口大口将…喝干; 一饮而尽
时态：quaffed, quaffing, quaffs
分布：痛饮(49%)，大口地喝(22%)，一饮而尽(22%)，〈旧或修辞〉一口气喝干(7%)
→可能来自拟声词，模仿喝酒的声音。
【记】qu去，aff读：爱抚：想要去aff别人，需要你多喝一点儿－畅饮读：夸父（追日），是渴死的，需要畅饮。
US [kwæf] old-fashioned
verb intransitive or transitive
■to drink something quickly or in large amounts 痛饮，喝大量 ，大口喝
vt. 大口地喝，痛饮
 - drink hard
vi. 狂饮，痛饮
 - get a bag on, drink hard

Word: proletariat
Front: proletariat
[ˌprəʊləˈteəriət] (21151/10794)
Vocabulary: proletariat
(once / 2253 pages)
n
Proletariat is an old term for the working class. It was commonly used by Marxists and other people who believed that capitalism had created a class of workers who were exploited by company owners. They called those owners "the bourgeoisie."
When you use the word proletariat now, your audience might assume that you've arrived in a time machine from the 19th century and you're still angry about the exploitation of workers. So you probably would use the term self-consciously or humorously, as in “The boss just sent around a memo saying no one’s allowed to leave until we’ve finished compiling the report. I guess the proletariat had better forget about making it home in time to watch the kick-off.”
WORD FAMILY
proletariat: proletarian, proletariats+/ proletarian: proletarians
USAGE EXAMPLES
Fred Astaire represents the aristocracy when he dances,” claimed Gene Kelly, in old age, “and I represent the proletariat.”
The Guardian(Oct 29, 2016)
“The proletariat is no longer just someone with a hammer; it can also be a computer programmer.”
Wall Street Journal(Sep 13, 2016)
In some countries these questions are socio-economic: Are you for the industrialists or the landowners, for the proletariat or the bourgeoisie?
Slate(Aug 14, 2016)
Back: n. （古罗马社会中的）最下层阶级，工人阶级，尤指无产阶级
分布：无产阶级(92%)，工人阶级(8%)
n. 无产阶级，工人阶级；最下层阶级
 - working class

Word: propriety
Front: propriety
[prəˈpraɪəti] (托雅宝 13670/14629)
Vocabulary: propriety
(once / 440 pages)
n
Propriety is following what is socially acceptable in speech and behavior. If you are someone who cares about always doing the right and proper thing, your friends might accuse you of being obsessed with propriety and beg you to loosen up.
In the Victorian Age, both sexes had well-defined roles and were expected to exercise self-restraint. Except for the men. Everyone looked the other way when they went out on benders. Their wives at home however, were so confined by the era's standards of propriety that if a woman so much as referred to the fact that she was pregnant, everyone would cover their mouths and gasp. She'd committed an impropriety.
WORD FAMILY
propriety: impropriety, proprieties+/ impropriety: improprieties
USAGE EXAMPLES
At a morning news meeting at The New York Times on Thursday, there was a wide-ranging discussion about the propriety of reporting on stolen emails.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
What’s also consistent with Trump’s background, though, is an unapologetic eye for the main chance and a brazen disregard for propriety and self-restraint.
Seattle Times(Nov 24, 2016)
At Coi and Meadowood, Tinder lived for the moments when patrons would demand a second helping of his desserts, on the spot, propriety be damned.
Seattle Times(Nov 17, 2016)
Back: n. <正>礼貌; 规矩; 正当; 合适
分布：适当(43%)，得体(40%)，正当(14%)，礼仪.(3%)
→来自proper,自己的，适于自己的，合适的，-ety,名词后缀。引申诸相关词义。
适当;礼节(propri+ety→拥有[风度]→适当)[proper,propri=one's own表示"拥有",引申为"恰当的"]
适合,得体(proper适合的)[-ety表名词"状态"]
【记】源于：proper（adj 适当的；有礼貌的）
US [-tˌi] noun
uncountable formal
■correct moral behaviour or actions （行为）端正，得体，合宜
• The director insisted that there was no question as to the propriety of how the funds were raised. 经理坚持说集资方式是完全正当的。
• She was careful always to behave with propriety. 她时刻注意行为得体。
proprieties [plural] formal
■the rules of polite social behaviour 礼仪，礼节
• They'd invited us to dinner so we thought we'd better observe the proprieties and invite them back. 他们请我们吃饭，所以我们认为最好遵循礼数回请他们。
n. 适当；礼节；得体
 - fitness, ceremony, relevance

Word: quotidian
Front: quotidian
[kwɒˈtɪdiən] (宝 26235/48525)
Vocabulary: quotidian
(once / 38127 pages)
adj
Quotidian is a fancy way of saying "daily" or "ordinary." Quotidian events are the everyday details of life.
When you talk about the quotidian, you're talking about the little things in life: everyday events that are normal and not that exciting. Going to the store, doing chores, working or going to school, and brushing your teeth are all quotidian. If you take a spaceship to Mars, that would be unusual and extraordinary: the opposite of quotidian.
WORD FAMILY
quotidian
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was the perfect Garcon moment: a quotidian announcement in which he played second fiddle to someone else.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Seemingly quotidian moments flicker with the past, with pain, with humor, with glimpses of insight.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Not that the playwright stints on the quotidian details.
New York Times(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: adj. 每日的; 每日发生的; 平凡的; 普通的
分布：每日的(47%)，平凡的(40%)，每日疟(13%)
→来自拉丁语quotidianus,日常的，每天的，来自拉丁语quot,多少，来自kwo,疑问代词词干，词源同quality,quantity.-dian,天，词源同diurnal.
【记】quoti读：口蹄（疫），dian＝tian天，口蹄疫是每天都发生的。
【反】extraordinary（adj 非常的；非凡的）；unusual（adj 不平常的）；remarkable（adj 不平常的）；striking（adj 打击的；显著的）
US [kwoʊ-] formal
adjective
■ordinary; everyday 平常的，普通的；日常的
• Television has become part of our quotidian existence. 电视已成为我们日常生活的一部分。
adj. 每日的；平凡的；每日发作的
 - daily, ordinary, stock

Word: qualitative
Front: qualitative
[ˈkwɒlɪtətɪv] (研六雅 7101/8234 -1)
Vocabulary: qualitative
(once / 8534 pages)
adj
If you hate the color and print and style of your sister's shirt, you are making a qualitative judgment. If you hate how many shirts she has, that would be quantitative.
Qualitative is one of those words used often in scientific writing because it makes an important distinction among characteristics. When you're making any sort of judgment or distinction, it's key to know whether it's based on the actual qualities of the thing at hand — its color, shape, temperature, etc — or on how many there are (quantitative), your own personal bias (personal), or just how you feel in the moment (random).
WORD FAMILY
qualitative: qualitatively
USAGE EXAMPLES
The incoming Trump administration would be wise to focus on qualitative choices in four ways.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
That raises two major challenges, quantitative and qualitative.
Time(Dec 02, 2016)
Humanity should be a value for our society and our community, and we should use it as a key qualitative indicator in addition to GDP.
Time(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. 定性的，定质的; 性质上的; 质量的
分布：质的(47%)，定性的(44%)，性质上的(9%)
→来自quality,质量，品质。引申词义定性的。
a.性质上的,定性的
US ['kwɑ:.lɪ.teɪ.tˌɪv] formal
adjective
STANDARD 质量，品质
■relating to how good or bad something is 质量上的，品质上的；性质上的
• Is there any qualitative difference between these two video recorders? 这两台录影机在品质上有差别吗？
UK ['kwɒl.ɪ.tə.tɪv] US ['kwɑ:.lɪ.teɪ.tˌɪv] formal
adjective
CHARACTERISTIC 性质
■relating to what something or someone is like 质的，性质上的
• There has been a qualitative change in the relationship between the public and the government. 民众和政府之间的关系有了性质上的改变。
Compare quantitative

Word: remand
Front: remand
[rɪˈmɑ:nd] (23442/9342 -1)
Vocabulary: remand
(once / 7880 pages)
vn
In law, to remand is to send a case back to be reconsidered by another court — or to imprison someone who's been arrested until they go to trial.
In some cases, a court will remand a case for a completely new trial, and in others it might instruct the new court to use different legal standards, or to decide only on a defendant's sentence. When a judge remands an accused criminal — holding them in custody until the case goes to trial — it's often because they have a criminal record or have been charged with very serious crimes.
WORD FAMILY
remand: remanded, remanding, remands
USAGE EXAMPLES
A judge on Monday remanded in custody a cook who works at an opposition newspaper on a charge of insulting the president.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
He was remanded in custody by magistrates at Newcastle Crown Court.
BBC(Dec 26, 2016)
He was remanded in custody to appear in Stirling Gardens magistrates court on 11 January.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 遣回，送还; [法]还押; 被还押者; 案件的发回
vt. [律]将…还押候审; 将…发回重审; [法]还押; 送回，送还
时态：remanded, remanding, remands
分布：还押(40%)，送还(22%)，送回(16%)，归还(11%)，命令归还(11%)
→re-,向后，往回，-mand,命令，词源同 command,mandate.即命令送回，引申词义还押，候审。
US [-'mænd] verb transitive often passive legal
■to send someone accused of committing a crime away from court until their trial begins 将（被控方）还押候审
• He was remanded on theft charges. 他被控盗窃而被还押候审。
• The accused was remanded in custody (= kept in prison before the trial began) for a week. 被告在开庭审理前被还押监狱一周。
be remanded on bail
■to be allowed to leave a law court after you have been accused of committing a crime to go to a particular place, usually your home, to wait until the trial begins, after paying a sum of money to the court which will not be given back if you do not appear at the trial 担保候审
UK [rɪ'mɑ:nd] US [-'mænd] noun uncountable legal
■when someone is remanded 还押；押侯
on remand UK legal
■in prison until a court trial begins 在押候审中
• He was held on remand in Brixton prison for 18 months. 他被关押在布里克斯顿监狱候审达18个月。
n. 送还，遣回；还押
 - reconveyance

Word: snowflake
Front: snowflake
[ˈsnəʊfleɪk] (托 12400/21644)
Back: n. 雪花，雪片
分布：雪花(89%)，雪片(11%)
US ['snoʊ-] noun countable
■a small piece of snow 雪花，雪片
n. [植] [气象] 雪花；雪片莲；雪巫
 - galanthus nivalis

Word: shoestring
Front: shoestring
[ˈʃu:strɪŋ] (19544/23956)
Back: n. <非正>以极少的钱
adj. <非正>用钱极少的，小本经营的
分布：鞋带(35%)，小额资本(30%)，小本经营的(15%)，零星资本(10%)，像鞋带一样狭长的(5%)，微小的(5%)
noun countable usually plural US for shoelace
['ʃu:.strɪŋ] noun countable usually plural
on a shoestring informal
■If you do something on a shoestring, you do it with a very small amount of money 以极少量资金
• The film was made on a shoestring. 这部电影是个小制作。
n. 鞋带；小额资本；零星资金
 - tie, bootlace
adj. 小本经营的；微弱的
 - small, thin

Word: specious
Front: specious
[ˈspi:ʃəs] (宝 23653/23870)
Vocabulary: specious
(once / 2838 pages)
adj
Use specious to describe an argument that seems to be good, correct, or logical, but is not so. We live on the earth, therefore the earth must be the center of the universe has been proven to be a specious theory of the solar system.
Specious is pronounced "SPEE-shuhs." Something that is specious is attractive in a deceptive way, and if you follow the word's etymology, you'll see why. In Middle English, this adjective meant "attractive," from Latin speciōsus "showy, beautiful," from speciēs "appearance, kind, sort." Latin speciēs is also the source of English species.
WORD FAMILY
specious: speciously, speciousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
But in reality, they are specious, ahistorical, and counterproductive.
Slate(Dec 19, 2016)
He also employed the specious tactic of false equivalence, which was used devastatingly in this election.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Onlookers would misunderstand the facts—shunning us as vulnerable foreigners, showering us with specious pity, or sensationalizing the crime in the manner of the media.
The New Yorker(Nov 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 似是而非的
adv. 似是而非地
分布：似是而非的(73%)，华而不实的(27%)
→来自拉丁语 speciosus,好看的，漂亮的，炫耀的，假装的，来自 specere,观看，注视，词源同 spectate,spectacle,conspicuous.后词义贬义化。
似是而非的(外观相似,而实质不是)[speci=look,kind,表示"外观,种类"]
似是而非的(spec看+ious...看上去是而实际不是)[-ious表形容词"…的"]
【记】spec看，ious－看着还行，实际不行－似是而非的
【反】valid（adj 有效的；有根据的；正确的）；veritable（adj 真正的）
['spi:.ʃəs] formal disapproving
adjective
■seeming to be right or true, but really wrong or false 似是而非的；貌似有理的；虚假的
• a specious argument/claim 看似有理的论点／主张
• specious allegations/promises 看似有理的指控／虚假的诺言
adj. 似是而非的；外表美观的；华而不实的；徒有其表的
 - purple, colorable

Word: shantytown
Front: shantytown
['ʃæntɪtaʊn] (21872/-)
Back: n. 以临时搭盖的陋屋为主的地区; 糠市
分布：名词(100%)

Word: spiky
Front: spiky
[ˈspaɪki] (托 17228/15326 -1)
Back: adj. 大钉似的; 打了尖桩的; 尖刻的; 易怒的
级别：spikier, spikiest
分布：尖的(56%)，钉满钉子的(22%)，易动怒的(11%)，道钉一般的(11%)
→spike,尖刺，-y,形容词后缀。
adjective
POINTED 尖的
■covered with spikes or having that appearance 有尖刺的；尖细的
• a spiky cactus 长满尖刺的仙人掌
• spiky leaves 带刺的叶子
• spiky hair 刺猬头
['spaɪ.ki] adjective
BAD MOOD 坏心情 informal
■easily annoyed and not polite 动辄生气的；气量小的
• a spiky teenager 暴躁易怒的少年
adj. 大钉一般的；装有大钉的；尖刻的；易怒的；有穗的
 - bitter, passionate

Word: stasis
Front: stasis
[ˈsteɪsɪs] (宝 19014/23917)
Vocabulary: stasis
(once / 48841 pages)
n
When nothing's happening, that's stasis. A town government might be stuck in a period of stasis, unable to come to a decision about a controversial issue.
Sometimes opposing forces are equal in power, and since neither is stronger than the other, the result is a state where neither can gain any headway. This state is called stasis, and it is basically a stoppage of movement. In medicine, stasis describes the stopping of any bodily fluids from flowing, usually by an obstruction. The same idea is seen in literary stasis, where there is no forward movement in a story.
WORD FAMILY
stasis
USAGE EXAMPLES
But there was, at least, an emergence from cultural stasis and solipsism into self-consciousness.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
But because, in encouraging that homogeneity, it locks English soccer — as opposed to the multinational Premier League — in stasis.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Some sections employed stasis, body language, a series of dramatic situations in which dancers moved from pose to pose.
New York Times(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: n. 停滞，静止
分布：淤滞(65%)，静止(35%)
→来自希腊语 stasis,停止，静止，保持站立姿势，来自 sta,站立，词源同 stand,-asis,表状态。
【反】motility＝activity（n 运动性）；period of change（改变期间）
['steɪ.sɪs] formal
noun uncountable
■a state which does not change 停滞；静止
• She was bored - her life was in stasis. 她厌倦极了——她的生活像一潭死水。
n. 郁积， [医] 停滞；血行停滞
 - stagnation, bogged down

Word: sphinx
Front: sphinx
[sfɪŋks] (23956/22914)
Back: n. [埃]狮身人面[鹰头，羊头]巨象
分布：狮身人面像(84%)，谜一样的人(16%)
→来自拉丁语 Sphinx,来自希腊语 Sphinks,古希腊神话传说中的狮身人面长翼女妖，每当过路 人经过即让其猜谜，猜不中者将就其吃掉，这个著名的谜语就是“什么动物早晨用四条腿走 路，中午用两条腿走路，晚上用三条腿走路”，后古希腊英雄 Oedipus 猜中了谜底，斯芬克 斯羞愧万分，跳崖而死。对应于或原型来自埃及神话中的男狮身人面像，法老的守护神。其 词源可能来自希腊语 sphingein,绑，挤，勒，因狮子用牙齿咬住猎物后勒紧使猎物窒息而死， 或俗化自埃及语 Szp-'nx(sheap-ankh),神圣的雕像。
[sfɪŋks] (plural sphinx or sphinxes)
noun countable
■an ancient imaginary creature with a lion's body and a woman's head （古老传说中长着女人头颅和狮子身体的）斯芬克斯
the Sphinx
■a large stone statue with a lion's body and a person's head, found in the desert near Cairo in Egypt 狮身人面像（埃及开罗附近的巨大石像）
n. （古埃及） [建] 狮身人面像；难于理解的人；天蛾
 - hawkmoth

Word: subservient
Front: subservient
[səbˈsɜ:viənt] (21667/19471 -1)
Vocabulary: subservient
(once / 2816 pages)
adj
Subservient means "compliant," "obedient," "submissive," or having the qualities of a servant. Something that's subservient has been made useful, or put into the service of, something else.
Our word subservient is unusual because it actually comes from the Latin word of exactly the same spelling and almost the identical meaning — "subjecting to" or "complying with." Usually words change a little in spelling or meaning when they are adopted from another language, but this one did not. Maybe the word subservient seemed so subservient that it could comply with the rules of any language!
WORD FAMILY
subservient: subserviently, subservientness+/subserve: subserved, subserves, subservience, subservient, subserving/ subservience: subserviences
USAGE EXAMPLES
Now dutifully playing the role of subservient wife, Sarah properly wears a wig when necessary.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
It also furthers the illusion that Trico is not a subservient entity.
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
Virtually everything else is subservient to that: diplomacy, science, conservation.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: adj. 卑躬屈节的; 有帮助的; 充当下手的; 马屁精
分布：从属的(48%)，奉承的(26%)，次要的(13%)，卑屈的(13%)
→sub-,在下，在后，serve,服务，-ent,形容词后缀。引申比喻义温驯的，谄媚的等。
US [-'sɝ:-] disapproving
adjective
■willing to do what other people want, or considering your wishes as less important than those of other people 恭顺的，屈从的；低声下气的
• to adopt a subservient role/position 采取俯首称臣的态度
• The government was accused of being subservient to the interests of the pro-Europe campaigners. 政府被指责屈从于欧联运动支持者的利益。
adj. 屈从的；奉承的；有用的；有帮助的
 - useful, helpful, assistant

Word: stratum
Front: stratum
[ˈstrɑ:təm] (托宝 11902/8071 -1)
Vocabulary: stratum
(once / 589 pages)
n
A stratum is a layer of something, whether abstract, like a social stratum composed of only billionaires, or physical, like the different strata (that’s the plural version) of clouds that an airplane passes through.
Stratum comes from the Latin meaning "something that has been laid down," like asphalt or a bedsheet, but we generally use it to describe layers of something. If you go into geology, you will probably investigate different strata of the soil. If you start out in life poor and try to become rich, you are trying to get into a different social stratum.
WORD FAMILY
stratum: strata, stratify, stratums, substratum, superstratum+/interstratify: interstratified/ stratification: stratifications/ stratified: unstratified/ stratify: interstratify, stratification, stratified, stratifies, stratifying/substratum: substratums
USAGE EXAMPLES
If Marvin Lewis keeps his job after this season he’ll enter the Fisher strata of being completely, an inexplicably, untouchable.
The Guardian(Dec 07, 2016)
There’s no complaining about this strata, because it is anything but bland.
Washington Post(Nov 17, 2016)
If the 12th Man brings his vegetarian girlfriend to brunch, she might enjoy the breakfast strata.
Seattle Times(Nov 17, 2016)
Back: n. 岩层; 地层; 社会阶层
分布：地层(56%)，阶层(44%)
→来自拉丁语 stratum,展开物，覆盖，铺盖，道路，中性格于 stratus,展开，展开的，铺开的， 过去分词格于 sternere,展开，铺开，伸展，来自 ster,展开，伸展，词源同 strew,street.后 用于科学术语指岩层，地层等。
US ['stræ.əm] (plural strata)
noun countable
■one of the parts or layers into which something is separated 部分；层；阶层
• The report shows that drugs have penetrated every stratum of American society. 报告显示，毒品已经渗入美国社会的各个阶层。
■specialized
■a layer of rock, soil or similar material 层；岩层；地层
• The cliffs are characterized by remarkable zigzagging strata of shale, limestone and sandstone. 悬崖的特征是，它们由一层层清晰易辨的页岩、石灰岩和砂岩交错构成。
n. （组织的） [生物] 层； [地质] 地层；社会阶层
 - thickness, layer, tier

Word: stultify
Front: stultify
['stʌltɪfaɪ] (宝 31382/33007)
Vocabulary: stultify
(once / 9359 pages)
v
When something stultifies you, it drains you of your energy, enthusiasm, or pleasure. A well-acted Shakespeare play can be a thrill. A poorly acted one can stultify like nothing else.
The verb stultify is sometimes used in place of "bore" or "exhaust," but only if something is so boring or exhausting that it makes you feel as though you might just die. It's a very negative word. If you're in a relationship that's stultifying, you should find a way out. Relationships should make you feel more alive, not less. Constant construction noise can have a stultifying effect, leaving a person almost unable to function.
WORD FAMILY
stultify: stultification, stultified, stultifies, stultifying+/stultification: stultifications
USAGE EXAMPLES
There’s no The Dark Knight turn, no fetishizing of violence or stultifying nihilism.
Time(Nov 28, 2016)
Yes, it had made her, but it had also stultified her – for many people, she will always be Princess Leia.
The Guardian(Nov 20, 2016)
There was nothing unhappy about his childhood, but there was something stultifying about suburbia.
The Guardian(Oct 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 使成为徒劳，使变得无用
时态：stultified, stultifying, stultifies
分布：使 ... 无效(34%)，使 ... 厌烦(33%)，使 ... 显得愚蠢(33%)
【记】stult＝stupid（adj 愚蠢的），ify：使愚蠢，使无效
【反】stir＝excite＝animate（v 刺激）；stultifying（抑止的）－exciting（adj 兴奋的）/stirring（adj 激动的）
vt. 使变无效；使显得愚笨；使无价值
 - invalidate

Word: superhero
Front: superhero
[ˈsu:pəhɪərəʊ] (17608/44528)
Back: n. 超级英雄
分布：超级英雄(100%)
→super-,超级，hero,英雄。
US ['su:.pɚ-] noun countable
■a character in a film or story who has special strength and uses it to do good things and help other people 超级英雄（电影或小说中的一个角色，有特殊的力量，并使用这种力量做好事而帮助其他人）
■someone who has done something very brave to help someone else 英雄（勇敢地做某事而帮助其他人的人）

Word: tickle
Front: tickle
[ˈtɪkl] (六 9498/12385 -1)
Back: vt. & vi. （使）发痒; （使）愉快，逗乐; 使高兴; 使满足
n. 胳肢; 搔痒; 愉快的情绪
时态：tickled, tickling, tickles
分布：痒(59%)，觉得痒(21%)，使发痒(8%)，逗乐(4%)，使快乐(4%)，抓痒(4%)
→可能来自 tick,滴答声，-le,表反复。引申词义触摸，触碰，呵痒等。
verb
RUB SKIN 摩擦皮肤
transitive
■to touch someone lightly with your fingers, making them slightly uncomfortable and often making them laugh 使觉得痒；挠（某人）的痒痒
• Stop! You're tickling me! 快停下！你令我痒得难受！
• I tickled her feet and she laughed. 我搔了搔她的脚，她笑了起来。
intransitive or transitive
■If a part of the body tickles, or if something tickles it, it feels slightly uncomfortable and you want to rub it （使）发痒；（使）感到痒
• My nose is tickling, I think I'm going to sneeze. 我鼻子发痒，我想我要打喷嚏了。
['tɪk.l] verb
PLEASE 使高兴
transitive often passive informal
■If something tickles you, you find it funny or it pleases you 使开心，使高兴
• old-fashioned I was tickled pink (= very pleased) to hear the news. 听到这个消息，我高兴得不得了。
['tɪk.l] verb
tickle your fancy informal
■If something tickles your fancy, you like it and want to have it 勾起兴趣
• Does anything on the menu tickle your fancy? 菜单上有你感兴趣的吗？
['tɪk.l] noun only singular
TOUCH 触摸
give sb a tickle
■to tickle someone 搔（某人）痒痒
['tɪk.l] noun only singular
COUGH 咳嗽
■an unpleasant feeling in your throat which makes you want to cough （嗓子）痒，发痒
vt. 使发痒；使高兴；使满足
 - please, glad, satisfy, content

Word: thereof
Front: thereof
[ˌðeərˈɒv] (六 12522/8952)
Back: adv. 它的; 其; 关于那; 由此
分布：由此(60%)，其(30%)，关于它的(10%)
US [ˌðer'ɑ:v] formal
adverb
■of or about the thing just mentioned 在其中
• Please refer to the Regulations and in particular Articles 99 and 100 thereof. 请参看条例，特别是其中的第99条和第100条。
adv. 它的；由此；在其中；关于…；将它
 - wherein, among the rest

Word: taut
Front: taut
[tɔ:t] (宝 10415/10555 -1)
Vocabulary: taut
(once / 2434 pages)
adj
Taut means tight rather than slack. The tightrope ought to be taut and not dangling down by the lion cage.
It sounds like the word "taught" and means stretched tight, like a rope, muscles, or even nerves. It's nice to have a taut body with tight muscles, but not so great to have a taut mind — tightly wound and tense. "The Olympic gymnast's taut body was something she worked hard for, but she gave a taut reply to reporters who asked her so many questions about her past, which she wished to keep a secret." Taut is derived from an Old English word, meaning basically "to pull." If you're fishing, you're happy when your line becomes taut, because there's probably a fish pulling at it. Or an old boot.
WORD FAMILY
taut: tauter, tautest, tautly, tautness+/tautness: tautnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Then she slapped her hand against her own taut stomach.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Gently tug the dough towards you to keep it taut while rolling away from you.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
These works are small and portable, bright and taut, and use unmixed colors of high-gloss enamel in extraordinary combinations.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 紧的，绷紧的; 整洁的，整齐的; 紧张的
级别：tauter, tautest
分布：紧张的(37%)，绷紧的(28%)，拉紧的(25%)，整洁的(10%)
→来自中古英语 tought,拉紧的，可能来自 tough 变体。
【记】读：套它，用套索套住它，再收紧－紧的
【反】loosen unfirm（松的）；slack（adj 松弛的）
US [tɑ:t] adjective
TIGHT 紧的
■tight or completely stretched 拉紧的，绷紧的
• a taut rope 拉紧的绳子
• He kept his eyes on the road ahead, his face taut with concentration. 他眼睛盯着前方的道路，神情专注，脸紧绷着。
Compare slack
UK [tɔ:t] US [tɑ:t] adjective
EXCITED/NERVOUS 兴奋的／紧张的 literary
■excited or nervous （神经等）紧张的，兴奋的
• His latest film was described in today's paper as a taut thriller. 今天的报纸把他的最新电影描述为一部惊悚片。
• There was a taut edge to Niall 's voice. 尼尔的声音透着紧张。
UK [tɔ:t] US [tɑ:t] adjective
WRITING/SPEECH 文章／讲话 literary
■describes writing or speech which is controlled, clear and short （文章、讲话）简洁的，明快的
• taut prose 结构严谨的散文
adj. 拉紧的；紧张的；整洁的
 - intense, stressed
vt. 使纠缠；使缠结
 - intertangle, entangle

Word: trilateral
Front: trilateral
[ˌtraɪˈlætərəl] (27593/-)
Back: adj. 三边的
n. 三边形
分布：三角形(40%)，有三边的(40%)，对三者有关系的(20%)
→tri-, 三，-later,边，词源同 lateral,unilateral.
n. [数] 三角形
 - trigon

Word: unharmed
Front: unharmed
[ʌnˈhɑ:md] (18182/18904 -1)
Back: adj. 未受伤的，未受损害的; 平安无事的，无恙的
分布：没有受伤的(55%)，无恙的(45%)
US [-'hɑ:rmd] adjective [after verb]
■not hurt or damaged 未受伤的；未受损害的
• Both children escaped unharmed from the burning building. 两个孩子从着火的大楼里逃了出来，毫发未伤。
adj. 无恙的；没有受伤的
 - unhurt

Word: unaccompanied
Front: unaccompanied
[ˌʌnəˈkʌmpənid] (21435/18669)
Vocabulary: unaccompanied
(once / 5286 pages)
adjadv
When you show up on your own at a social function, you are unaccompanied, meaning you’ve got no date.
Use the word unaccompanied to describe someone who is "flying solo," meaning without a date or companion. You may have seen signs on doors of stores that say "No unaccompanied children allowed." This means kids need to have an adult with them, presumably because the store is full of breakables. In music, if you play or sing a solo, you are unaccompanied by other musicians or singers. If you perform that solo while at a party, without a date, then you’re unaccompanied on both levels.
WORD FAMILY
accompanied: unaccompanied +/ accompaniment: accompaniments/accompanist: accompanists/ accompany: accompanied, accompanies, accompaniment, accompanist, accompanying, accompanyist
USAGE EXAMPLES
His fastidious, historically sensitive renditions of Bach’s unaccompanied suites were widely acclaimed.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
I asked if they were worried to be in a cafe unaccompanied by a male relative at this time of the night.
BBC(Dec 23, 2016)
She said that more unaccompanied children were undergoing initial screening in Italy and Greece and may be brought to the UK.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 无人陪伴的; 无人伴随的; 无伴侣的; <音>无伴奏的
分布：无伴奏的(49%)，无伴侣的(42%)，不伴随的(9%)
adjective
■not having anyone with you when you go somewhere 无人陪伴的，独自出行的
• To everyone's great surprise, the princess arrived at the ball unaccompanied. 令所有人都大吃一惊的是，公主独自一人来参加舞会。
■describes music produced by a singer or by someone playing a musical instrument without anyone else singing or playing at the same time （音乐）无伴奏的
• She sang the first three verses with a piano and the last verse unaccompanied. 她在钢琴的伴奏下唱了前三节，清唱了最后一节。
adj. 无伴奏的；无伴侣的；无伴随的
 - acappella, secco

Word: unreal
Front: unreal
[ˌʌnˈrɪəl] (12554/11141 -1)
Back: adj. 不真实的，假的; 幻想的，虚构的; 非现实的; 虚幻
分布：不真实的(66%)，虚幻的(22%)，虚构的(6%)，空想的(3%)，不实在的(3%)
不真实(un+real真实的)[un-①表示"不,无,非,没有"②表示"打开,解开,弄出"]
US [-'ri:l] adjective
IMAGINARY 想像的
■as if imagined; strange and dream-like 不真实的；虚幻的；梦境般的；奇异的
• The whole bizarre evening had an unreal quality to it. 这个古怪的夜晚让人感觉很不真实。
UK [ʌn'rɪəl] US [-'ri:l] adjective
SURPRISING 令人惊讶的 slang
■extremely or surprisingly good 极好的，好得令人喜出望外的
• He gave you £5000? Man, that's unreal! 他给了你5000英镑？老兄，这真是好极了！
adj. 不真实的；假的；幻想的；虚构的
 - impossible, untrue

Word: widget
Front: widget
[ˈwɪdʒɪt] (23483/29744)
Back: n. 小器具，装饰品，窗口小部件
分布：小部件(100%)
→来自gadget拼写变体。
['wɪdʒ.ɪt] informal
noun countable
■any small device whose name you have forgotten or do not know （不知名的）小玩意，小器械，小装置
■an imagined small product made by a company （公司的某种）小产品
• Let's assume the company makes ten pence profit on every widget they sell. 我们假设该公司每卖一件小产品获利十便士。
n. 装饰物；小机械；未定名的主要新产品
 - ornamentation, adorning

Word: visually
Front: visually
['vɪʒʊəlɪ] (6319/7927)
Back: adv. 视觉上; 外表上; 看得见地; 形象化地
分布：看得见地(67%)，视觉上地(33%)
adverb
■relating to seeing or appearance 视觉上；外观上
• Guide dogs open up the lives of the blind or visually impaired. 导盲犬为盲人或视力受损的人开启了新的生活空间。
• Books for children have to be visually very exciting. 儿童书必须在视觉上十分有趣。
adv. 形象化地；外表上；看得见地
 - externally, visibly

Word: adoptive
Front: adoptive
[əˈdɒptɪv] (10779/21113)
Back: adj. 收养的; 有收养关系的; 被采纳的; 装出来的
分布：收养的(58%)，有收养关系的(42%)
采用的(adopt+ive)[Opt=choose,表示"选择"]
US [-'dɑ:p-] adjective [before noun]
■An adoptive parent is one who has adopted a child. 收养的；有收养关系的

Word: adaptability
Front: adaptability
[əˌdæptə'bɪlətɪ] (17278/16141)
Vocabulary: adaptability
(once / 6345 pages)
n
If someone is equally able to live on an iceberg, in a desert, and on top of a mountain, you could say that she has a lot of adaptability. This means she is able to make changes in response to her environment.
The ability to adapt, or adaptability, is a great quality to have if you are an employee of a company that is going through a lot of changes or if you are an animal in nature, having to weather different seasons, or climate changes. You could say that some chameleons, which change color to blend into their surroundings, have a high level of adaptability.
WORD FAMILY
adaptability: adaptabilities+/ adapt: adaptable, adaptation, adaptative, adapted, adapter, adapting, adaption, adaptive, adaptor, adapts, readapt / adaptable: adaptability, adaptably, unadaptable/ adaptation: adaptational, adaptations/adapted: unadapted/ adapter: adapters/adaption: adaptions/ adaptive: adaptively, nonadaptive/adaptor: adaptors/ readapt: readapted, readapting, readapts/unadaptable: unadaptability
USAGE EXAMPLES
Carlsen is known for his adaptability, which enables a flair for the unpredictable not commonly seen among top players.
The Guardian(Nov 17, 2016)
Immigrants live in a suspended state between opposition and assimilation, and this requires a kind of toughness and adaptability.
Slate(Nov 09, 2016)
Consequently, they are able to stably colonize a host, and the adaptability of the prion strain ensemble might be essential to such effective colonization.
Nature(Nov 08, 2016)
Back: n. 适应性; 合用性
分布：适应性(100%)
适应能力(adapt适应)可靠性[-ability表名词"能…;性质"]
ADJ-GRADED
有适应能力的;能适应的;适应性强的
If you describe a person or animal as adaptable, you mean that they are able to change their ideas or behaviour in order to deal with new situations.
例：...a more adaptable and skilled workforce...一支适应能力及技能更强的劳动大军
例：They are adaptable foragers that learn to survive on a wide range of food sources.它们是适应能力很强的觅食者，赖以生存的食物来源很广。
n. 适应性；可变性；适合性
 - flexibility, fitness, applicability

Word: winkle
Front: winkle
[ˈwɪŋkl] (宝 31610/23130)
Back: n. 食用螺
v. 挑出，剔出，闪耀
时态：winkled, winkling, winkles
分布：剔出(28%)，挑出(16%)，设法搞到(16%)，滨螺(16%)，玉黍螺(16%)，把...驱逐出去(8%)
→缩写自periwinkle,来自peri,在周围，-winkle,弯，转，缠绕，词源同vine,vetch。用于指蛾螺。
noun countable (US usually periwinkle)
■a small sea snail that can be eaten 滨螺，玉黍螺
['wɪŋ.kl] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] winkle sth/sb out mainly UK
■to get or find something or someone with difficulty 设法找到；费力找出
• I managed to winkle the truth out of him eventually. 我终于从他那里挖出了实情。
vi. 闪耀
 - shine on, flare

Word: animist
Front: animist
['ænɪmɪst] (35893/-)
Back: n. 万物有灵论者
分布：万物有灵论者(100%)

Word: alacrity
Front: alacrity
[əˈlækrəti] (宝 27693/19836)
Vocabulary: alacrity
(once / 1531 pages)
n
Someone with alacrity shows cheerful willingness and eager behavior, like a kid whose mother has told him he can buy anything in a candy store.
While the noun alacrity normally refers to someone's peppy behavior, it can also describe a certain mood or tempo of a musical composition, indicating how the music should be played. Alacrity comes from the Latin alacritas, and the Italian musical term allegro is a near relation.
WORD FAMILY
alacrity: alacrities, alacritous
USAGE EXAMPLES
The most daring aspect of the game’s design is that Trico doesn’t respond with alacrity to all of the player’s commands.
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
The TV channels feasted on tweeted Trumpisms with an alacrity that many observers found disturbing.
The Guardian(Nov 22, 2016)
As she ran off to play, I was relieved, and grateful for the alacrity with which children laugh at their elders.
The New Yorker(Nov 12, 2016)
Back: n. 敏捷; 活泼; 欣然; 乐意
分布：敏捷(50%)，乐意(35%)，活泼(15%)
→来自拉丁语alacer, 渴望，欢快，词源同allegro, 快板。
迅速,敏捷[alacr=swift(迅速)]
【记】alac读：I like。有乐意的感觉。在ala或ALA下面画一个嘴，感受一下。
【反】hesitance and reluctance（犹豫且不情愿）；dilatoriness（n 拖延）；recalcitrance（n 反抗；顽抗）；sluggish（adj 行动迟缓的）；
US [-tˌi] formal
noun uncountable
■speed and eagerness 敏捷；欣然
• She accepted the money with alacrity. 她欣然收下了钱。
n. 敏捷；轻快；乐意
 - agility, willingness, readiness

Word: aqueduct
Front: aqueduct
[ˈækwɪdʌkt] (宝 20964/24435)
Vocabulary: aqueduct
(once / 2895 pages)
n
An aqueduct is a bridge-like system built to move water from one location to another. The ancient Romans were particularly famous for their aqueducts and some still stand today.
The Romans didn't invent aqueducts, but they did help spawn the English word for one. Aqueduct comes from the Latin word aquæductus, which itself is from the roots aqua, meaning water, and ducere, meaning "to lead." Because of the root word aqua, there is a tendency to try to spell aqueduct with an A in place of the E, but now you'll know better.
WORD FAMILY
aqueduct: aqueducts
USAGE EXAMPLES
Then, in the early 1970s, the stretches of the California Aqueduct and Interstate 5 that pass close to Avenal were completed.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 22, 2016)
Ironically, it was the construction of a new aqueduct, bringing a copious supply of freshwater from the Catskills, that doomed the oyster.
The Guardian(Nov 17, 2016)
The most notable element of the city’s new aqueduct also reached fruition after fighting broke out.
Washington Post(Nov 11, 2016)
Back: n. 沟渠; 引水渠; 导水管; 高架渠
分布：渡槽(100%)
→词根aqua, 水。duct, 管道。
导水管(aque水+duct)[duc,duct=lead,bring,表示"引导,带来"]
【记】aque水，duct引导－导水管
noun countable
■a structure for carrying water across land, especially one that looks like a high bridge with many arches , which carries pipes or a canal across a valley （尤指跨越山谷的多拱的）高架渠，度槽
n. [水利] 渡槽； [解剖] 导水管；沟渠
 - conduit, sike

Word: airbag
Front: airbag
[ˈeəbæg] (19260/41068)
Back: n. 安全气袋
分布：安全气囊(100%)
US ['er-] noun countable
■a bag in a vehicle that automatically fills with air if the vehicle is involved in an accident, in order to protect the driver or a passenger from injury （汽车）安全气囊；安全气袋
• In the event of a collision, the airbag stops the driver of the car from hitting his or her chest on the steering wheel. 如果发生碰撞事故，安全气囊会防止司机的胸部撞到方向盘上。

Word: argot
Front: argot
[ˈɑ:gəʊ] (宝 30558/38568)
Vocabulary: argot
(once / 20809 pages)
n
Argot is language particular to a specific group. It can mean a kind of slang, a technical language or a code. In high school, only those who spend their time studying computer manuals could understand the argot of the computer lab kids.
The word argot was originally used to describe the slang of thieves and rogues, who spoke in sneaky ways that the upright citizen couldn’t understand. We can also use argot to describe less criminal kinds of vocabularies. Any specialized practice can create an argot: boxers talk of bodyshots and jabs, just as grammar teachers complain of split infinitives and dangling participles.
WORD FAMILY
argot
USAGE EXAMPLES
Those single, loose cigarettes are the ones often referred to in street argot as “loosies.”
Washington Post(Dec 17, 2016)
All the other connections — bold colors, explicit titles, the use of jazz argot — are superficial.
Washington Post(Nov 17, 2016)
At the same time, Brandon, who occasionally narrates the film, raps his story in a hard-boiled hip-hop argot.
New York Times(Sep 08, 2016)
Back: n. 行话，黑话
分布：行话(35%)，隐语(30%)，暗语(21%)，暗号(14%)
→来自法语俚语，词源不详。
【记】读：阿狗。一种黑社会用语，不直接叫名字，每个人都有一个别名，譬如：南哥，山鸡，阿猫，阿狗什么的。
【反】standard language（标准语言）；common verbalism（一般用语）
US ['ɑ:r.goʊ] noun countable or uncountable
■words and expressions which are used by small groups of people and which are not easily understood by other people 黑话；暗语；行话；切口
• thieves' argot 小偷的黑话
n. 隐语；暗语；暗号；俚语；黑话
 - signal, lingo

Word: cad
Vocabulary: cad
(once / 8096 pages)
n
A cad is a man who is not gentlemanly or honorable, especially toward a woman. He asked the waitress for her phone number and left you with the check? That cad!
Also known as a rake, a scoundrel, a rascal, or a heel, a cad is not a guy you want to be around too long. The word cad came from the word cadet, meaning a "servant." Later cad came to be a derogatory term used by students at British universities, referring to boys from local towns. Don’t confuse the word cad with the acronym CAD, meaning "computer-aided design."
WORD FAMILY
cad: caddish, cads+/caddish: caddishly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Six months ago she and this cad got engaged, and last week they tied the knot.
Salon(Nov 19, 2016)
Mona has her own problems, among them a frustrating search for love with internet dates who turn out to be deceitful cads.
New York Times(Nov 17, 2016)
His Vicomte is a cad, sure, but a jovial one.
New York Times(Oct 30, 2016)

Word: caesarean

Word: catchment
Front: catchment
['kætʃmənt] (24496/12221)
Back: n. 集水，集水处（水库或集水盆地）
分布：名词(100%)
n. 流域；集水
 - valley, river basin

Word: cavendish

Word: churchman
Front: churchman
[ˈtʃɜ:tʃmən] (25717/12473 -1)
Back: n. 牧师; 传教士; 教会人士; 国教教徒
分布：牧师(50%)，教士(37%)，国教教徒(13%)
US ['tʃɝ:tʃ-] noun countable
■a man who is actively involved in the church, especially as a priest or other official 神职人员；（尤指）牧师，教士
n. 牧师；教徒
 - minister, priest, preacher

Word: claustrophobic
Front: claustrophobic
[ˌklɔ:strəˈfəʊbɪk] (17610/18551)
Vocabulary: claustrophobic
(once / 27811 pages)
adj
Claustrophobic can be used to describe someone with a fear of small, enclosed spaces. If you're claustrophobic, there is almost nothing scarier than the prospect of being trapped in an elevator for a long time.
The Latin phobia means fear. In this case, it's paired with claudere, which means "to close;" claustrophobic describes a fear of being in a small, closed-off spaces. You can use this word to talk about someone with a psychiatric condition or with a milder affliction, even just a dislike for tiny or enclosed areas. You can also use claustrophobic to describe a place that makes you feel panicked, like the claustrophobic room at the library where your manga club meets every week.
WORD FAMILY
claustrophobic: claustrophobically+/claustrophobe: claustrophobes/ claustrophobia: claustrophobe, claustrophobic
USAGE EXAMPLES
But life as a Marine on the ship, with its claustrophobic berthing areas and dull routine, was mind-numbing.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Scaffolding stretches above him in an impenetrable line, ensuring that the walk home is dark and claustrophobic.
New York Times(Dec 02, 2016)
“The girls will get claustrophobic,” said Mr. Simmons, who wore a Yankees cap and prayer beads with an Om pendant.
New York Times(Nov 16, 2016)
Back: adj. （患）幽闭恐怖症的，导致幽闭恐怖症的; 令人不适地被关闭或被包围的
n. 幽闭恐怖症患者
分布：引起幽闭恐怖的(100%)
US [ˌklɑ:.strə'foʊ-] adjective
■describes a place which is small and closed, and makes you feel uncomfortable when you are in it （因地方非常狭小）导致幽闭恐惧症的
• My room's a bit claustrophobic. 我的房间小得有点令人幽闭恐惧。
■specialized
■describes a person suffering from a fear of being in closed spaces （人）患幽闭恐惧症的
UK [ˌklɒs.trə'fəʊ.bɪk] US [ˌklɑ:.strə'foʊ-] noun countable specialized
■a claustrophobic person 幽闭恐惧症患者

Word: clunker
Front: clunker
[ˈklʌŋkə(r)] (25800/-)
Back: n. 年久失修的旧机器; 破旧不堪的汽车 ; 严重的错误; 大错
分布：年久失修的旧机器(67%)，失败(33%)
→来自clunk,碰撞，出错。

Word: coco
Front: coco
['kəʊkəʊ] (29541/35252)
Back: n. 椰子树; 椰树
分布：椰子(54%)，椰子树(35%)，=coconut.(11%)
n. 椰子（果）；椰子树（等于coconut palm）；脑袋
 - brain, cokernut

Word: cosmological
Front: cosmological
[ˌkɒzmə'lɒdʒɪkl] (14761/26359)
Back: adj. 宇宙哲学的，宇宙论的
分布：宇宙哲学的(54%)，宇宙论的(46%)
N-VAR
宇宙起源论
A cosmology is a theory about the origin and nature of the universe.
例：...the ideas implicit in Big Bang cosmology.宇宙大爆炸理论中一些不明晰的概念
N-UNCOUNT
宇宙学
Cosmology is the study of the origin and nature of the universe.

Word: concerto
Front: concerto
[kənˈtʃɜ:təʊ] (托宝 18992/8218 -1)
Vocabulary: concerto
(once / 2161 pages)
n
A concerto is a classical music composition that highlights a solo instrument against the background of a full orchestra. Bach is one composer known for writing concertos.
In a concerto, a piano, violin, flute, or other instrument plays solo parts that are backed up or highlighted by an orchestra. Most concertos have three sections or movements, and in the 19th century they were especially popular as a way to showcase virtuoso playing by the soloist. In Italian, concerto means "concert or harmony," from concertare, "to bring into agreement."
WORD FAMILY
concerto: concerti, concertos
USAGE EXAMPLES
In his recent guest spots on Amazon’s “Mozart in the Jungle,” Mulroney introduced his musician character by playing the prelude to the Lalo concerto.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 19, 2016)
The contestants show the judges videos highlighting their charity work — beauty and misery to the tunes of melancholy piano concertos.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
There are numerous classic recordings of Rachmaninoff’s popular Second Piano Concerto.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 协奏曲
分布：名词(100%)
协奏曲(concert音乐会＋o)[-o 1.表名词"人,物或状态"2.表名词,用于音乐术语]
【记】concert（n 音乐会），o（o，a结尾的单词一般是意大利语，表示音乐）－协奏曲
US [-'tʃer.tˌoʊ] (plural concertos or concerti)
noun countable
■a long piece of music for one or more main solo instruments and an orchestra 协奏曲
• a violin/piano concerto 小提琴／钢琴协奏曲
• Mozart's concerto for flute and harp 莫劄特的长笛和竖琴协奏曲

Word: culpability
Front: culpability
[ˌkʌlpə'bɪlətɪ] (19365/26798)
Vocabulary: culpability
(once / 17909 pages)
n
Culpability is a state of guilt or responsibility. A lot of lawsuits are about who has culpability for something that went wrong.
Culpability is a fancy-sounding word, but it's a simple concept: guilt. You have culpability if you're responsible for something, usually something bad. If you left the door open and your house was robbed, you have some culpability (not as much as the robber, though). If a store owner doesn't salt the ice on the sidewalk and you slip, he has some culpability if you get injured. Figuring out culpability is about figuring out who's to blame.
WORD FAMILY
culpable: culpability, culpableness, culpabler, culpably, inculpable+/inculpable: inculpability, inculpableness, inculpably
USAGE EXAMPLES
That panel spent two years investigating, trying to prove the culpability of then-Secretary of State and future Democratic presidential nominee Hillary Clinton.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Mr. Bourdain said that while he fears Mr. Trump’s election is a foreshadowing of “authoritarianism,” conservatives do not own full culpability for the political landscape.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The government’s vast prosecutorial resources are one reason it properly bears the burden of proving criminal culpability “beyond a reasonable doubt.”
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 苛责，有罪
分布：有罪性(40%)，有过失(40%)，苛责(20%)
n. 可责；有过失； [法] 有罪
 - criminality, sinfulness

Word: cranky
Front: cranky
[ˈkræŋki] (宝 14131/23898)
Vocabulary: cranky
(once / 6727 pages)
1adj 2adj
Cranky is one of those words that sounds a little bit like what it means: one who is cranky is easily annoyed, irritable, or testy. My sister gets cranky when she doesn't eat. If you want to have a good day, keep her well fed.
A cranky person doesn't get furious or outraged, they're just easier than usual to annoy—things get on their nerves more quickly than they do for other people. You could think of someone who's cranky as having actual crank. When they're hungry, tired or otherwise worn out that crank is easy to turn—it doesn't take much to make them mad. A person in a good mood, though, has a crank that isn't as easy to turn. That's because they're not cranky.
WORD FAMILY
cranky: crankier, crankiest, crankily, crankiness+/ crank: cranked, cranking, crankly, cranks, cranky /crankiness: crankinesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Groff is winningly neurotic as a cranky composer facing mortality when hit by a brain malfunction.
New York Times(Nov 24, 2016)
You just know they’re going to get all cranky whenever anyone calls them the Las Vegas Golden Knights.
The Guardian(Nov 23, 2016)
Barney Frank, long known as America’s crankiest liberal, is actually not feeling too badly.
The New Yorker(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 古怪的; （机器）不稳的; 摇晃的; 待修理的
级别：crankier, crankiest
分布：不稳的(50%)，怪癖的(50%)
【参】crank（n 古怪的人）
adjective
UNPLEASANT 不友好的 US informal
■easily annoyed or upset 坏脾气的；易怒的
• a cranky baby 任性的婴儿
• He's been cranky all day. 他一整天都在发脾气。
['kræŋ.ki] adjective
STRANGE 古怪的 informal
■strange and unusual
• She's a member of a group that promotes cranky ideas about food and exercise. 她所加入的组织倡导一些有关食物和锻炼的古怪理念。
adj. 暴躁的；古怪的；动摇的
 - fierce, odd, curious

Word: dapper
Front: dapper
[ˈdæpə(r)] (宝 18440/20731)
Vocabulary: dapper
(once / 4207 pages)
adj
A neatly and stylishly dressed man can be described as dapper. If you like to wear a well-made fedora, you appreciate clothes. Place a brightly colored feather in the brim and you’re dapper.
Dapper is a Germanic word coming from the Middle Dutch word for elegant. Think of the words dashing, jaunty and spiffy when you think of dapper as these are all near synonyms. All of these words are used specifically to describe men. Although there doesn't seem to be a parallel term for a well-dressed woman, if you call her chic or stylish, she will be pleased.
WORD FAMILY
dapper: dapperer, dapperest, dapperly, dapperness
USAGE EXAMPLES
There’s always a dapper little detail – a bit of corduroy or tweed… Absolutely.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Dapper entrepreneur and “Godfather of Rodeo Drive” whose vision transformed a nondescript Southern California street into one of the world’s pre-eminent fashion districts.
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
There’s obviously a “Mad Men,” 1962, dapper, sharp, retro look.
Salon(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: adj. （尤指男子）整洁漂亮的，动作敏捷的
分布：衣冠楚楚的(58%)，短小精悍的(28%)，干净的(14%)
→来自dheb, 厚重的，固定的，引申词义勇敢的，强壮的，后词义进一步褒义化，形容男人稳重的，整洁漂亮的。
【记】读：待破，即有待于破，也就是还没破，就是很整洁漂亮时髦！
【反】frowsy（adj 不整洁的；懒散的）；unkempt（adj 蓬乱的）slovenly（adj 懒散的；不修边幅的）
US [-ɚ] adjective
■describes a man who is dressed in a fashionable and tidy way （男子）穿着考究的，衣冠楚楚的
• Hercule Poirot is the dapper detective of the Agatha Christie novels. 赫尔克里‧波洛就是爱葛莎‧克利斯蒂小说中那位衣冠楚楚的侦探。
adj. 短小精悍的；衣冠楚楚的；整洁的；整齐的
 - ordered, regular, straight

Word: dichotomy
Front: dichotomy
[daɪˈkɒtəmi] (11272/12811)
Vocabulary: dichotomy
(once / 22259 pages)
n
A dichotomy is an idea or classification split in two. When you point out a dichotomy, you draw a clear distinction between two things.
A dichotomy is a contrast between two things. When there are two ideas, especially two opposed ideas — like war and peace, or love and hate — you have a dichotomy. You often hear about a "false dichotomy," which occurs when a situation is unfairly represented as an "either/or" scenario. For example, the statement "All cars are either small and efficient or large and polluting" creates a false dichotomy because there are some cars that don't fit into either category.
WORD FAMILY
dichotomy: dichotomies, dichotomise, dichotomize, dichotomous +/dichotomise: dichotomisation/dichotomize: dichotomization, dichotomized, dichotomizes, dichotomizing/ dichotomous: dichotomously
USAGE EXAMPLES
These scenes from my 2016 illustrated journal show this dichotomy between past and future.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
But, he added: "Populism is based on a dichotomy, on a differentiation between the people and the elite."
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
But weighing my other two favorite live shows of 2016 brings that dichotomy into focus.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 一分成二，对分
分布：二分法(62%)，两分(28%)，分裂(10%)
→dicho-, 二，来自di-的希腊语形式。-tomy, 砍，切，词源同atom, anatomy. 即切成两半的。
【记】dicho2，tom切－切成两部分－二分；
US [-'kɑ:.tˌə-] formal
noun countable usually singular
■a difference between two completely opposite ideas or things
• There is often a dichotomy between what politicians say and what they do. 政治家的言行之间常有天壤之别。
n. [生物] 二分法；两分；分裂； [植] 双歧分枝
 - disruption, fragmentation

Word: dreamy
Front: dreamy
[ˈdri:mi] (12473/19529 -1)
Vocabulary: dreamy
(once / 680 pages)
adj
Things that are dreamy seem slightly strange and unreal, but in a lovely way. A dreamy tune on the radio might make you close your eyes and smile.
Your favorite tea shop might have a dreamy atmosphere, and your favorite movie might be slow and dreamy, with dreamlike images and meditative music. If a person is dreamy, she tends to live in her head, thinking or daydreaming. Informally, you can also describe something or someone that's wonderful or nice to look at as dreamy: "He's my favorite singer, and he's so dreamy." This casual meaning began as US teen slang in the 1940s.
WORD FAMILY
dreamy: dreamier, dreamiest, dreamily, dreaminess+/ dream: dreamed, dreamer, dreamfully, dreaming, dreamless, dreamlike, dreams, dreamt, dreamy /dreamed: undreamed/dreamer: dreamers/dreaming: dreamings/dreamless: dreamlessly/dreamt: undreamt
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s all a little dreamy, and its New Agey-ness is unmistakable.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
A carefully produced set of dreamy folk tunes, the record earned warm reviews and even won a Grammy Award for album of the year.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Last spring, when I was once again joining my husband on his academic adventures, this time in London, I spent many dreamy hours in Waterstones.
New York Times(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: adj. 如梦的，梦幻般的; 梦想的; 轻柔的; 恍惚的
级别：dreamier, dreamiest
分布：梦幻般的(66%)，轻柔的(19%)，心不在焉的(9%)，不切实际的(6%)
adjective
■seeming to be in a dream and not paying attention to what is happening around you 做梦似的；出神的，恍惚的
• She gets this dreamy expression on her face when she talks about food. 说到食物她脸上就会浮现出这种迷离的神情。
■very pleasant or attractive 宜人的；诱人的，迷人的
• The film opens with a dreamy shot of a sunset. 影片的开头是一个迷人的落日镜头。
• old-fashioned He has these dreamy blue eyes. 他有一双迷人的蓝眼睛。
adj. 梦想的；空幻的；轻柔的；恍惚的
 - adream, visionary

Word: elixir
Front: elixir
[ɪˈlɪksə(r)] (托宝 19166/26554)
Vocabulary: elixir
(once / 3971 pages)
1n 2n
Miraculous, magical, and maybe a little mysterious, an elixir is a sweet substance or solution that cures the problem at hand.
Elixir is a word often used with a knowing wink — a sort of overstatement of a product's effectiveness, or a decision maker's policy. With linguistic roots in the long-ago alchemists' search for the philosophers' stone, the word has an element of fantasy to spice up anything, like a remedy for the common cold. The mythic fountain of youth is certainly an elixir, but it can also refer to a real liquid, concept, or plan.
WORD FAMILY
elixir: elixirs
USAGE EXAMPLES
From coast to coast, urban planners are increasingly looking to craft breweries as the magic elixir to renew struggling urban cores.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
The miso broth is an opaque vegetarian elixir that, in my case, was supplemented with the floral spice of pickled ginger, an added topping.
Washington Post(Dec 08, 2016)
“We’ve heard about immunotherapy as God’s gift, the chosen elixir, the cure for cancer,” he said.
New York Times(Dec 03, 2016)
Back: n. 炼金药，长生不老药; 酏剂
分布：长生不老药(83%)，仙丹妙药(17%)
→来自阿拉伯语al-iksir, 来自al, 定冠词，见alchemy，-iksir, 干，词源同xero，见Xerox。原指使伤口止血的药粉，后词义进一步扩大为灵丹妙药。
【记】e出，lix读：立刻死－把这种药吐出来就会立刻死－长生不老药prolix（adj 冗长的；说话罗嗦的）pro前，lix立刻死：唐僧站在你的前面，你就立刻死，因为他太贫了！！！
US [-sjɚ] literary
noun countable usually singular
■a substance, usually a liquid, with a magical power to cure, improve or preserve （通常为液体的）万灵药，灵丹妙药，长生不老药
• It's yet another health product claiming to be the elixir of life/youth (= something to make you live longer/stay young). 这又是一种号称灵丹妙药的保健产品，据说有延年益寿／永保青春之奇效。
n. 不老长寿药；万能药；炼金药
 - panacea, nostrum

Word: disrespect
Front: disrespect
[ˌdɪsrɪˈspekt] (托 14671/18752)
Vocabulary: disrespect
(once / 2870 pages)
nv
To disrespect someone is to act in an insulting way toward them. When you disrespect people, you think very little of them.
Disrespect is all about not showing respect. Actually, it's about showing the opposite of respect, by acting rude, impolite, and offensive. Talking back to your teacher is showing disrespect for her authority. Not giving up your seat to an elderly person is an act of disrespect. So is ignoring the customs and culture in a foreign country. The slang abbreviation dis comes from disrespect and means the same thing.
WORD FAMILY
disrespect: disrespected, disrespecting, disrespects+/ disrespectful: disrespectfully/ respect: disrespect, respectable, respected, respecter, respectful, respecting, respects, self-respect/respectability: respectabilities/ respectable: respectability, respectabler, respectablest, respectably, unrespectable/respecter: respecters/ respectful: disrespectful, respectfully, respectfulness, self-respectful/respecting: self-respecting/unrespectable: unrespectability
USAGE EXAMPLES
However, the country's constitution says the king is "inviolable" - or too significant to be treated with disrespect.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
At the End of My Rope: “At this point, it’s the disrespect,” you say.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Earlier, US President-elect Donald Trump tweeted in support of Israel, saying he would not allow it to be treated with "disdain and disrespect".
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 失礼，无礼
vt. 不尊敬，不尊重
时态：disrespected, disrespecting, disrespects
分布：不敬(45%)，无礼(36%)，不尊敬(19%)
【记】respect（v /n 尊敬）
noun uncountable
■lack of respect 不尊敬，无礼，失礼
• a disrespect for authority 无视权威
no disrespect to sb
■used before you criticize someone in order not to sound rude 并非不尊重，无意贬低（用于批评某人之前，起缓和作用）
• No disrespect to Julie, but this department worked perfectly well before she started here. 我并不是要贬低朱莉，但该部门的工作在她来之前一直都很顺利。
n. 无礼，失礼，不敬
 - imperence, unceremoniousness

Word: dishwasher
Front: dishwasher
[ˈdɪʃwɒʃə(r)] (11700/12791 -1)
Vocabulary: dishwasher
(once / 16169 pages)
n
If you work as a dishwasher, your job involves cleaning the glasses, plates, bowls, and silverware at a restaurant or cafe. You're also a dishwasher if you volunteer to wash the dishes after dinner at home.
Some dishwashers scrub pots, pans, and dishes by hand, while others simply load up the other kind of dishwasher — a machine that automatically cleans dishes. While a human dishwasher has to scrub to get the dishes clean, a mechanical dishwasher sprays extremely hot water to do the same job. This new and improved type of dishwasher was invented in the late 19th century.
WORD FAMILY
dishwasher: dishwashers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Hopkins, born into adversity that he worked to his advantaged, was not too proud to earn a living as a dishwasher.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
That initial loss produced doubt and for the next 16 months he avoided the ring and worked as a dishwasher and a roofer.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 16, 2016)
She occasionally misses the dishwasher — as well as a bathtub — but those are minor inconveniences.
Washington Times(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: n. 洗碗工; 洗碟机，洗碗机
分布：洗碟机(58%)，洗碗工(42%)
US [-ˌwɑ:.ʃɚ] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a machine that washes dirty plates, cups, forks, etc. 洗碗碟机
■a person who washes dishes 洗碗工

Word: enormity
Front: enormity
[ɪˈnɔ:məti] (托宝 15686/18454)
Vocabulary: enormity
(once / 2598 pages)
1n 2n
An enormity is something extreme or huge, almost beyond comprehension. If you call having to paint the house all by yourself an enormity, your friends might take pity on you and show up with brushes and rollers.
Something that's enormous can be good — a huge paycheck! — or bad, such as a tumor. But when it comes to enormity, some word lovers are up in arms. The word originally meant "a crime," so some people think it should only be used to describe wickedness or lack of morals. Others can't resist the word's similarity to enormous and apply it to anything vast, positive or negative.
WORD FAMILY
enormity: enormities+/ enormous: enormity, enormously, enormousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
One of the big challenges is the enormity of the information.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
While in uniform, Richardson didn’t really appreciate the enormity of the Yankees’ accomplishments.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
But unlike many outside observers, ethicists and the government department responsible for ethics, Trump doesn’t seem to grasp the enormity of the problem.
Salon(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. 穷凶极恶; 弥天大罪; 巨大; 极大
分布：巨大(44%)，暴行(32%)，极恶(24%)
巨大;穷凶极恶(e+norm+ity)[norm=rule,norm,表示"规则,规范"]
【记】e出，norm正常－不是一般的罪恶（该词太恶了，恐怕四大恶人加起来也不及这一个单词的程度，不过我还是找到了一个人，程度比enormity还深－李宏志－刚刚看过新闻：又一屁轮功弟子杀父弑妻，这等暴行恐怖在美利坚都是不多见的）
【参】enormous（adj 巨大的；庞大的）
US [-'nɔ:r.mə.tˌi] noun
SIZE 大小
uncountable
■very great size or importance 巨大；严重性；深远影响
• Nobody fully understands the enormity and complexity of the task of reviving the country's economy. 没有人完全认清振兴该国经济这一任务的艰巨性和复杂性。
• I don't think you realize the enormity of the problem. 我觉得你没有真正意识到问题的严重性。
UK [ɪ'nɔ:.mɪ.ti] US [-'nɔ:r.mə.tˌi] noun
EVIL ACT 邪恶行为
countable or uncountable formal
■an extremely evil act or the quality of being extremely evil 滔天大罪；罪大恶极
n. 巨大；暴行；极恶
 - greatness, vastness

Word: excavation
Front: excavation
[ˌekskəˈveɪʃn] (托 8898/6252)
Vocabulary: excavation
(once / 1569 pages)
n
Excavation is the act or process of digging, especially when something specific is being removed from the ground. Archaeologists use excavation to find artifacts and fossils.
There are many types of excavation, but they all involve digging holes in the earth. Mining for coal, gold, or diamonds all require excavation, and before buildings and houses can be built, there is often some excavation that's done before a foundation can be poured. The Latin source of excavation is excavationem, "a hollowing out," from excavare, "to hollow out," with its roots of ex-, "out," and cavare, "to hollow."
WORD FAMILY
excavation: excavations+/ excavate: excavated, excavates, excavating, excavation, excavator/excavator: excavators
USAGE EXAMPLES
“They started issuing licenses, collecting taxes on excavation,” Azm said in a phone interview Monday.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
In modern excavations, the site yielded a wealth of Mesopotamian art.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
This year, the excavation of an adjacent settlement preserved in the river silts threw open another window on to life in Bronze Age Britain.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 挖掘; 开凿; 开凿的洞穴（或山路等）; （发掘出来的）古迹
分布：挖掘(61%)，发掘(34%)，挖掘的洞(3%)，发掘物(2%)
挖掘;出土文物[cav=hole,表示"洞"]
VERB
发掘，挖掘（古物等）
When archaeologists or other people excavate a piece of land, they remove earth carefully from it and look for things such as pots, bones, or buildings which are buried there, in order to discover information about the past.
例：A new Danish expedition is again excavating the site in annual summer digs.一支新的丹麦探险队又在那个遗址上进行一年一度的夏季挖掘。
VERB
挖;开凿
To excavate means to dig a hole in the ground, for example in order to build there.
例：A contractor was hired to drain the reservoir and to excavate soil from one area for replacement with clay.雇了一个承包商抽干水库的水，挖掉一个区域的泥土后再用黏土填上。
n. [建] 挖掘， [古] 发掘
 - digging, disinterment

Word: emaciated
Front: emaciated
[ɪˈmeɪʃieɪtɪd] (托 22698/22385)
Vocabulary: emaciated
(once / 2500 pages)
adj
Someone who is dangerously skinny and skeletal-looking can be described as emaciated. It's probably how you'd start to look after a few weeks in the wilderness with only berries and bugs for dinner.
The adjective emaciated evolved from the Latin emaciatus, meaning to “make lean, waste away.” An emaciated person or animal isn't just thin. They're bony, gaunt, and most likely undernourished, often from illness. So if an emaciated stray cat shows up on your doorstep, give it a bowl of milk and maybe pay a visit to the vet.
WORD FAMILY
emaciate: emaciated, emaciates, emaciating, emaciation
USAGE EXAMPLES
When a rescue boat brought him to Messina, on the northeastern tip of Sicily, in early September, Girmay was emaciated.
Reuters(Dec 30, 2016)
Pitiful scenes of cheetah cubs lying emaciated and bewildered highlight one of the cruellest but least-publicised examples of illegal wildlife trafficking.
BBC(Dec 25, 2016)
Looking at Rialto today, it’s hard to imagine he was once emaciated and starving.
Seattle Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 瘦弱的，憔悴的
v. 使消瘦，使衰弱( emaciate的过去式和过去分词 )
分布：憔悴的(55%)，瘦弱的(40%)，动词emaciate的过去式和过去分词.(5%)
→e-, 向外。-mac, 瘦，瘦长，词源同macro-, 大，细，宏观，见macrocosm.
US [-tˌɪd] formal
adjective
■very thin and weak, usually because of illness or extreme hunger （通常由于疾病或极度饥饿）消瘦的，憔悴的，虚弱的：
• There were pictures of emaciated children on the cover of the magazine. 杂志封面上是几幅骨瘦如柴的儿童的照片。
adj. 瘦弱的；憔悴的
 - weedy, scraggy

Word: factionalism
Front: factionalism
[ˈfækʃənəlizəm] (26491/34807)
Back: n. 派别活动; 派性; 党派主义; 党派之争
分布：党派主义(100%)

Word: fermentation
Front: fermentation
[ˌfɜ:men'teɪʃn] (托宝 19326/17107)
Vocabulary: fermentation
(once / 2382 pages)
1n 2n
Fermentation is the process in which a substance breaks down into a simpler substance. Microorganisms like yeast and bacteria usually play a role in the fermentation process, creating beer, wine, bread, kimchi, yogurt and other foods.
Fermentation comes from the Latin word fermentare, meaning “to leaven.” To make bread rise, you use a leavening agent to “wake up” dry yeast by mixing it with water. The yeast then starts “eating” the sugar in the dough and off-gassing alcohol: that’s fermentation. Grape juice becomes wine as the fermentation process is complete.
WORD FAMILY
fermentation: fermentations+/ ferment: fermentable, fermentation, fermented, fermenting, ferments/fermented: unfermented/fermenting: fermentologist
USAGE EXAMPLES
Breaking the skin kicks off a fermentation process, resulting in the release of alcohol and carbon dioxide.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
There is no finer moment than knocking back a bowl of dough after its first fermentation.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
This starts a second fermentation in the bottle, which produces the carbonation.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 发酵; 激动，纷扰
分布：发酵(99%)，骚动(1%)
n. [轻] 发酵
 - zymolysis, leavening

Word: forefather
Front: forefather
[ˈfɔ:fɑ:ðə(r)] (托 18671/20275)
Vocabulary: forefather
(once / 1107 pages)
n
You can describe your ancestor who traveled to America on the Mayflower as your forefather.
Use the noun forefather to talk about a relative in the distant past, usually a man who goes back on your family tree several generations. Your great-great-great grandfather is your forefather, for example. You can also describe the founder of a tradition or style as a forefather — some people think of Chuck Berry as the forefather of rock n' roll, for example. Fore, "before," combines with father in the word forefather.
WORD FAMILY
forefather: forefathers+/ father: fathered, fatherhood, fathering, fatherless, fatherlike, fatherly, fathers, forefather / fatherly: fatherliness
USAGE EXAMPLES
In our latest 360 video, a Herero elder recounts a story he heard from his forefathers.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The specter of Israel’s rabbinate convulsing itself reminds us of the great wisdom of the American forefathers in separating church and state.
Time(Dec 09, 2016)
When the forefathers started this country, the congressmen were farmers.
The Guardian(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: n. 祖先，祖宗
分布：祖先(92%)，先辈(8%)
前人,祖先(fore+father父亲;祖先)[fore-表示"前面,预先"]
N-COUNT
(尤指男性)祖先，先人
Your forefathers are your ancestors, especially your male ancestors.
例：They were determined to go back to the land of their forefathers.他们决意回到祖先的土地上。
n. 祖先；前辈
 - father, root

Word: fratricidal
Front: fratricidal
[ˌfrætrɪ'saɪdl] (35114/40340)
Back: adj. 杀兄弟的，同族互杀的
分布：同族互杀的(50%)，杀兄弟的(50%)

Word: ghazi

Word: gymnasium
Front: gymnasium
[dʒɪmˈneɪziəm] (中研四六雅 13057/15478 -1)
Vocabulary: gymnasium
(once / 4355 pages)
n
A gymnasium is a place people go to exercise or participate in sports. Your neighborhood gymnasium might be a good place to play basketball, pump iron, or to check out the other gym rats.
The more common gym is a shortened form of gymnasium. Most schools have a gymnasium, a room where physical education classes are held and games like dodge ball and volleyball can be played. People also belong to private gymnasiums, where they take yoga classes and run on treadmills and lift weights. In Latin, gymnasium means "school for gymnastics," from the Greek gymnasion, "public place where athletic exercises are practiced."
WORD FAMILY
gymnasium: gymnasia, gymnasiums
USAGE EXAMPLES
Student Antonio Falcon told New England Cable News the flies were in the cafeteria, gymnasium and hallways.
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Just as the two finally meet at the school gymnasium, another teen armed with a rifle appears in the doorway, sending students fleeing.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 06, 2016)
Inside the gymnasium, other refugees from the fire were resting on cots or sharing stories of loss with neighbors.
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 健身房，体育馆; 大学预科，高级中学
分布：体育馆(79%)，健身房(21%)
→来自希腊语gymnos, 裸体，裸体健身者，现指健身馆。因在古希腊时期，人们习惯裸体锻炼，以展示人体之美。参照各古希腊裸体雕像。
体育馆(脱衣服锻炼的地方)[gymn=naked裸体的]
n.(gym)体育馆,健身房The astronaut, an astronomy fan, is astonished at the gymnastics show in the gymnasium.宇航员(一位天文学迷)对体育馆里的体操表演感到惊骇.
[dʒɪm'neɪ.zi.əm] (also gym) formal
noun countable
■a large room with weights for lifting, horizontal bars and other equipment for exercising the body and increasing strength 体育馆；健身房
playground, stadium, court, gymnasium
这组词都有“运动场，操场”的意思，其区别是：
playground: 一般指附属于学校或公园内的活动场地，也可指游乐场或儿童游戏场地。
stadium: 指周围有看台的露天大型运动场。
court: 通常指周围有围墙的专用球场。
gymnasium: 可简写为gym，指不受天气影响的室内体育馆、健身房或运动场馆。
n. 体育馆；健身房
 - gym, sports palace

Word: hypo
Front: hypo
['haɪpəʊ] (38552/45262)
Back: n. 硫化硫酸钠; 海波; <口>刺激; 瘾君子
vt. 给…作皮下注射; （以皮下注射毒品等方式）刺激; 助长
分布：不足(34%)，刺激(22%)，在 ... 下(22%)，次于(22%)
n. 定影剂；海波；吸毒成瘾者
 - fixing salt, fixer

Word: hod
Front: hod
[hɒd] (43952/-)
Back: n. 灰浆桶
分布：砖斗(54%)，煤斗(46%)
→来自中古英语hott,篮子。
US [hɑ:d] noun countable
■a container for carrying bricks made of an open box on a pole which is held against the shoulder （运送砖块用的）砖斗

Word: granger
Vocabulary: granger
(once / 2685 pages)
n
A granger is a farmer. If you want to be a granger one day, you might get a job on a dairy farm or go to agricultural school.
While the twelfth century word granger isn't used much these days, it was a common way to refer to a farmer in the late 1800's United States. The noun granger comes from the Old French grange, "barn or farm house," ultimately from the Latin granum, "grain." The word grange came to mean a US farmers' association which worked for the rights of small farmers and built Grange Halls across the country for grangers' meetings and gatherings.
WORD FAMILY
granger: grangers
USAGE EXAMPLES
“All of my kids grew up in bell ringing,” Granger said.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Police say Tyjhaunn Granger shot himself one time in the abdomen Sunday evening.
Washington Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Saturday in the parking lot of the Granger Travel Plaza.
Washington Times(Dec 04, 2016)

Word: invective
Front: invective
[ɪnˈvektɪv] (宝 22396/20677)
Vocabulary: invective
(once / 2300 pages)
n
Invective is harsh, abusive language, like, "you dirty rotten scoundrel." I'm sure you can think of harsher and more obscene examples, but we won't get into them here.
Invective comes from the Latin for "abusive." It kind of sounds like a harsh word, actually, with those sharp, dagger-like V's. People usually put a colorful verb or phrase before it. Some examples: "She spewed invective," "She hurled invective," "She burst forth into invective." You can follow it with a phrase like, "picking up her plate and throwing it across the room."
WORD FAMILY
invective: invectives
USAGE EXAMPLES
Luther’s ugliest legacy was the invective that, in his later years, he heaped on the Jewish people.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Trump treats his own impulsive invectives as an admirable attack on political correctness.
The New Yorker(Dec 21, 2016)
Park exploded, screaming invectives and throwing furniture and food around the clubhouse.
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 痛骂，猛烈抨击
分布：恶言漫骂(35%)，恶言的(30%)，臭骂(25%)，漫骂的(10%)
→in-,进入，使，-vect,携带，运载，词源同vehicle,convect.比喻用法，把坏话带进来的，用言语攻击，引申词义诅咒，咒骂。
【记】in进入，vect恶，坏，猛烈，ive一使用恶言－辱骂读：尹外科tive，尹外科是北京某医院的主任医师，医10死9－该骂！！！
【反】laudatory speech（赞扬的演说）；laudatory words（赞美之词）；flatter（vt 过分夸赞；奉承）；
[ɪn'vek.tɪv] formal
noun uncountable
■criticism that is very forceful, unkind and often rude 辱骂，痛骂
• A stream of invective from some sectors of the press continues to assail the government. 某些新闻机构继续对政府口诛笔伐。

Word: iconoclast
Front: iconoclast
[aɪˈkɒnəklæst] (宝 26632/35437)
Vocabulary: iconoclast
(once / 7766 pages)
n
Are you always challenging the establishment? Or provoking popular thought by attacking traditions and institutions? Then you're definitely an iconoclast.
To be called an iconoclast today is usually kind of cool — they're rugged individualists, bold thinkers who don't give a hoot what tradition calls for. But back in medieval Greece, the iconoclasts had a more thuggish reputation. Stemming from the Greek words eikon, meaning "image," and klastes, meaning "breaker," an iconoclast was someone who destroyed religious sculptures and paintings.
WORD FAMILY
iconoclast: iconoclasts
USAGE EXAMPLES
Critic David Hajdu traces the trajectory of American hits, from the iconoclasts of Vaudeville to the protest songs of the 1960s.
Time(Dec 12, 2016)
Worse still for Farage, their picture strips away any illusion that he was ever a patriotic iconoclast.
The Guardian(Nov 30, 2016)
Trump received hagiographic coverage in Russian state media, which painted him as a heroic iconoclast going up against a rigged American system.
The New Yorker(Nov 14, 2016)
Back: n. 攻击传统观念的人; <史>反对崇拜圣像者
分布：提倡打破旧习的人(67%)，毁坏宗教神像的人(33%)
→icon,圣像，神像，-clast,打破，破开，词源同clastic,claymore,gladiator.原指捣毁神像的人， 引申词义反传统者。
反对崇拜偶像者[cla=break(打破)]
反对崇拜偶像者[icon=image(形象)]
【记】icon（n 图标；偶像），clast打碎－打碎偶像的人
【参】iconize（vt 把…当偶像崇拜；盲目崇拜）
US [-'kɑ:.nə-] formal
noun countable
■a person who strongly opposes generally accepted beliefs and traditions 反传统信仰者；反传统者
• Rogers, an iconoclast in architecture, is sometimes described as putting the insides of buildings on the outside. 罗杰斯是个打破建筑学传统的人，有时他被说成是把建筑物的内部结构摆到了外观上。

Word: incessantly
Front: incessantly
[ɪn'sesntlɪ] (16301/19207)
Vocabulary: incessantly
(once / 942 pages)
adv
Use the adverb incessantly to describe an action that continues or repeats without interruption. The neighbor's dog might bark incessantly in the morning, causing you to complain incessantly about the noise.
The word incessantly usually indicates that there's something slightly irritating about whatever is happening. The person sitting next to you at the library might be incessantly drumming her fingers on the table. Your little sister might be incessantly singing Disney songs during a long car ride. On the other hand, incessantly can have a more positive meaning, indicating determination or drive. If you work incessantly to prepare for a big presentation, that’s a good thing!
WORD FAMILY
incessant: incessancy, incessanter, incessantly, incessantness
USAGE EXAMPLES
He will no doubt repeat this attack incessantly during his campaign for the national elections, scheduled for March 15th.
Economist(Dec 10, 2016)
The results in “Tower” are extremely liquid, with each line incessantly ebbing and flowing, creating a vivid sense of life.
New York Times(Oct 11, 2016)
You know how when people are nervous and they talk incessantly?
Washington Post(Nov 18, 2016)
Back: adv. 不断地，不停地; 接连不断; 连绵不断; 不已
分布：不间断地(100%)
ADJ-GRADED
不停的;连续的;持续不断的
An incessant process or activity is one that continues without stopping.
例：...incessant rain.阴雨连绵
例：...his incessant demands for affection.他对感情的不断索取
adv. 不停地，不间断地
 - ceaselessly, uninterruptedly

Word: juliet
Front: juliet
[ˈdʒu:ljət] (-/5215)
Back: n. 朱丽叶（女子名）
分布：名词(100%)

Word: kleptocracy

Word: listless
Front: listless
[ˈlɪstləs] (托宝 20285/20100 -1)
Vocabulary: listless
(once / 1026 pages)
adj
To be listless is to be lethargic, low spirited, and limp. If a fever has made you feel listless, you might also feel like you are melting into the sofa.
If you went to the supermarket without your shopping list, that doesn't mean you're listless. The word originates from the Middle English word liste which meant desire (and is related to our word lust). Oddly enough, listen comes from the same origin. If you're too lethargic and out of it to listen, you're listless. It's not just laziness, it's not just fatigue; an utter indifference to whatever is going on around you makes you listless.
WORD FAMILY
listless: listlessly, listlessness+/delist: delisted, delisting/ enlist: enlisted, enlistee, enlisting, enlistment, enlists/enlistee: enlistees/enlisting: enlistings/enlistment: enlistments, reenlistment/ list: delist, enlist, listed, lister, listing, listless, lists/listed: unlisted/lister: listers/ listing: listings/reenlistment: reenlistments
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mike Sullivan’s arrival in Pittsburgh last season provided the spark that turned the Penguins’ listless season around.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Wilson was good enough against the listless Rams.
Washington Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Mack said he understood, but he was listless.
Washington Post(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: adj. 倦怠的，无精打采的; 百无聊赖的; 冷淡的; 倦怠的
分布：无精打采的(100%)
→list,愉悦，欲望，精神，词源同lust,-less,无，没有。即没精神的，无精打采的。
【记】list金榜，less－名落孙山－没精打采的
adjective
■having no energy and enthusiasm and unwilling to do anything needing effort 懈怠的，懒散的，无精打采的
• He's been listless and a bit depressed ever since he got his exam results. 自从得知自己的考试分数后他就一直无精打采，心情也有些低落。
adj. 倦怠的；无精打采的；百无聊赖的
 - languid, downhearted

Word: mammalian
Front: mammalian
[mæ'meɪlɪən] (托 18457/13365)
Back: n. 哺乳动物
adj. 哺乳动物的
分布：哺乳动物(83%)，哺乳动物的(17%)
ADJ
哺乳类的；哺乳动物的
In zoology, mammalian means relating to mammals.
例：The disease can spread from one mammalian species to another.这种疾病能够在不同的哺乳类物种之间传播。

Word: manet

Word: legalistic
Front: legalistic
[ˌli:geˈlɪstɪk] (23263/20922)
Back: adj. 尊重法律的
分布：尊重法律的(75%)，条文主义的(25%)
→来自legal,法律的。原指守法的，后词义贬义化。
[ˌli:.gəl'ɪs.tɪk] disapproving
adjective
■giving too much attention to legal rules and details 注重法律规定的，过分拘泥于法律条文的

Word: mouthful
Front: mouthful
[ˈmaʊθfʊl] (高四六 13176/9085 -1)
Vocabulary: mouthful
(once / 1450 pages)
n
A mouthful is an amount of some substance that can fit in a person'a mouth. If you eat a mouthful of chocolate cream pie, you consume a bite of it.
A mischievous kid might spit a mouthful of water at her sister, while a thirsty athlete might gulp a mouthful of water after her workout. In both cases, the mouthful is as much water as can fit in their mouths. If you're not very hungry for dinner, you might just have a few mouthfuls of mashed potatoes — just a few bites, in other words. Another kind of mouthful is a long, complicated word, phrase, or sentence.
WORD FAMILY
mouthful: mouthfuls+/ mouth: mouthed, mouthful, mouthing, mouthless, mouthlike, mouths
USAGE EXAMPLES
Leaving him with a mouthful of condemned teeth that would likely deteriorate merely stacked the odds against him.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Yet here he is, three mouthfuls into a meal, looking sheepish and squirming as if he has just been caught in bed with another woman.
The Guardian(Nov 30, 2016)
Another knot formed in my throat, and I could not get a mouthful of rice down.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
Back: n. 一口; 满口; <俚>适当[不适当]的批评[暗示]
分布：一口(95%)，又长又拗口的词(5%)
一口(amouthfuloffood一口食物)[-ful 1.表形容词"有…的"2.表名词"满,量"]
noun
AMOUNT 数量
countable
■an amount of food or drink which fills your mouth, or which you put into your mouth at one time 满口；一口
• He only ate a few mouthfuls of meat. 他只吃了几口肉。
['maʊθ.fʊl] noun
WORD 词语
only singular informal
■a word or phrase that is difficult to pronounce or that has a lot of syllables 冗长而拗口的词（或短语），难读的词（或短语）
• I've always called myself 'Henny' because it's less of a mouthful than 'Henrietta'. 我总是叫自己“亨尼”，因为它不像“亨丽埃塔”那么拗口。
['maʊθ.fʊl] noun
give someone a mouthful mainly UK informal
■to shout something angry at someone, usually swearing at them 生气地向（某人）叫嚷；咒骂（某人）
• A taxi driver wound down his window and gave the cyclist a mouthful. 计程车司机摇下车窗，对骑脚踏车的人破口大骂。
n. 一口，满口
 - morsel, gobbet

Word: memento
Front: memento
[məˈmentəʊ] (雅宝 13201/14275 -1)
Vocabulary: memento
(once / 3092 pages)
n
A memento is a keepsake of something you want to remember. You may keep photographs as a memento of a great family reunion — except for that one photo where Aunt Bonnie is wearing the lampshade and singing "Respect." No one wants to remember that!
Memento is a Latin imperative that ordered people to "Remember!" People love to keep mementos from all sorts of things, including weddings, births, concerts, trips, holidays, and even school. You should be careful not to bore people with your mementos, however. Not everyone wants to see the ribbon you wore in your hair at the homecoming game, and your 8,000 pictures of your trip to Paris (Illinois, not the one in France) might be a bit over the top.
WORD FAMILY
memento: mementoes, mementos
USAGE EXAMPLES
A prized memento from his father just before his death.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
A prized memento from his dad just before his death.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Soft toys and prayer books were among the mementoes and trinkets left at the scene.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 遗物，纪念品，用以回忆的东西
分布：纪念品(100%)
→来自拉丁语memento,记忆，来自mens,思想，思考，词源同mind,mnemonic.引申词义纪念品。其拼写me-为-men的韵律重复构词。
【记】源于：remember（v 回忆起）
【参】memorial（n 纪念物；纪念碑）
US [-toʊ] noun countable (plural mementos or mementoes)
■an object that you keep to remember a person, place or event 纪念物，纪念品，引起回忆的东西
• I keep a stone as a memento of our holiday. 我留着一块石头作为我们渡假的纪念品。
n. 纪念品，引起回忆的东西
 - keepsake, momento

Word: mccoy

Word: obdurate
Front: obdurate
[ˈɒbdjərət] (宝 31789/33357)
Vocabulary: obdurate
(once / 2891 pages)
adj
Obdurate is a formal word meaning stubborn. If you want to major in English, but your parents are obdurate that you should go premed, they might go so far as to threaten not to pay your tuition.
This adjective descends from Latin obdurare "to harden." A near synonym is adamant, from Latin adamas "hard metal, diamond." So both of these synonyms derive from the quality of hardness being associated with a stubborn personality.
WORD FAMILY
obdurate: obduracy, obdurately+/obduracy: obduracies
USAGE EXAMPLES
They were disciplined and obdurate in defence, confident in midfield and, when possible, enterprising in attack.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
These weekend warriors form the obdurate bedrock of Trump Nation: white, rural and working class.
New York Times(Nov 04, 2016)
The predestination here is to perennially reckon with unruly and obdurate feeling: people cannot help what moves them, what makes them feel alive.
The New Yorker(Sep 09, 2016)
Back: adj. 顽固的; 执拗的; 麻木不仁的; 冷酷无情的
分布：顽固的(51%)，冷酷的(33%)，固执的(16%)
→ob-,相对，对着的，-dur,硬的，词源同endure,during.引申词义固执的。
顽固的,执拗的(ob坚持+dur+ate_坚持硬→顽固)[dur=last,hard,表示"持久,坚硬"]
【记】ob不，dur＝endure忍耐，ate一不能忍耐变化一固执的
【反】toward（adj 温顺的）
US ['ɑ:b.dʊr.ɪt] adjective formal disapproving
■extremely determined to act in a particular way and not to change despite what anyone else says 顽固的；执拗的
• The President remains obdurate on the question of tax cuts. 总统在减税问题上依然固执己见。
■describes a person who refuses to change their mind, or someone or something that is difficult to deal with or change （某人或某物）倔强的；难办的
• The union remains obdurate that any redundancies must be voluntary. 联盟依旧固守自愿离职政策。
• Several obdurate facts/differences remain, preventing a compromise solution. 难以解决的事／不可调和的分歧依然存在，妨碍我们达成折中的方案。
adj. 顽固的，执拗的；冷酷无情的
 - difficult, resistant, hard, stubborn

Word: nirvana
Front: nirvana
[nɪəˈvɑ:nə] (19069/17849)
Vocabulary: nirvana
(once / 6215 pages)
n
Nirvana is a place of perfect peace and happiness, like heaven. In Hinduism and Buddhism, nirvana is the highest state that someone can attain, a state of enlightenment, meaning a person's individual desires and suffering go away.
The origin of the word nirvana relates to religious enlightenment; it comes from the Sanskrit meaning "extinction, disappearance" of the individual to the universal. Achieving nirvana is to make earthly feelings like suffering and desire disappear. It's often used casually to mean any place of happiness, like if you love chocolate, going to Hershey's Park would be nirvana. On the other hand, if you're a Buddhist monk, it may take you years of meditating to reach nirvana.
WORD FAMILY
nirvana: nirvanas
USAGE EXAMPLES
They join the Ventures, Heart, and Nirvana as Seattle-area bands in the Hall.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
“To me, the ultimate nirvana is to be a creative writer and live at the beach.”
Washington Post(Dec 17, 2016)
Everyone from Nirvana to David Bowie queued up to pay homage.
Reuters(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. （亦作N-）（印度教）生命之火的熄灭; 天堂; 极乐世界; 涅槃
分布：天堂(65%)，极乐世界(35%)
→来自梵语，nir,出，向外，va-,吹，词源同wind. 即化作一道风，用于佛家语涅槃。
US [nɚ-] noun uncountable
■a state of freedom from all suffering which Buddhists believe can be achieved by removing all personal wishes 涅槃（佛教徒所追寻的超脱一切的极度精神自由的境界）
■a state of being perfect 幸福祥和感；极乐
n. 涅槃；天堂
 - heaven, paradise

Word: oceanography
Front: oceanography
[ˌəʊʃəˈnɒgrəfi] (23477/41049)
Vocabulary: oceanography
(once / 18526 pages)
n
Oceanography is the scientific study of the ocean. If you're interested in biology, physics, and sea creatures, you might want to study oceanography.
Another way to say oceanography is "marine science." Scientists who specialize in oceanography are called oceanographers, and they focus on specific aspects of the sea which might include the physics of waves and currents or the biology of marine animals and plants. The word oceanography was coined in the mid-1800s, modeled on geography, from ocean and -graphy, "the process of writing or recording."
WORD FAMILY
oceanography: oceanographer+/oceanographer: oceanographers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Months later, Folweiler, who wants to study oceanography in college, is still amazed by the discovery.
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
It should be large enough to house oceanography equipment.
Washington Times(Nov 13, 2016)
Cable-laying companies, oil firms, academic oceanography laboratories, national hydrographic surveys and the world’s navies all have oodles of sounding data.
Economist(Oct 27, 2016)
Back: n. 海洋学
分布：海洋学(100%)
→来自ocean海洋，-graphy,写，学说。
US [ˌoʊ.ʃə'nɑ:.grə-] noun uncountable
■the scientific study of the sea 海洋学

Word: overlie
Front: overlie
[ˌəʊvəˈlaɪ] (32970/34794)
Back: vt. 躺在…上面
时态：overlay, overlain, overlying, overlies
分布：覆闷致死(67%)，躺在……上(33%)

Word: opinionated
Front: opinionated
[əˈpɪnjəneɪtɪd] (宝 27060/34940)
Vocabulary: opinionated
(once / 11565 pages)
adj
Your opinion is your view, belief, or judgment. If you are opinionated, you obstinately hold on to your opinions, and you don't hesitate to let other people know what those opinions are.
Opinionated is based on the word "opinion," which itself comes from the Latin word opinari, meaning to think. If you and your sister are both extremely opinionated, it must have been hard growing up in the same house — for you and for your parents. Someone who is not at all opinionated can be just as frustrating to live with, though, if their response always seems to be, "I don't care."
WORD FAMILY
opinionated: self-opinionated
USAGE EXAMPLES
The two continued to pose — Mr. Trump smiling; Mr. West glowering — while reporters tried to extract a comment from the normally opinionated musician.
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
All three of them were highly opinionated, very bright and passionate.
The Guardian(Dec 11, 2016)
But he is opinionated when he wants to be, and at age 31, with three championships to his name, he seems more self-assured than ever.
New York Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: adj. <贬>固执己见的，武断的; 自用; 师心自用
分布：固执己见的(92%)，动词opinionate的过去式和过去分词.(8%)
→比喻用法。
US [-tˌɪd] disapproving
adjective
■describes someone who is certain about what they think and believe, and who expresses their ideas strongly and often 固执己见的；武断的；刚愎自用的
• He was opinionated and selfish, but undeniably clever. 他虽然固执己见而且自私自利，不过确实很聪明。
adj. 固执己见的；武断的
 - artificial, arbitrary

Word: patsy
Front: patsy
[ˈpætsi] (19274/10930)
Vocabulary: patsy
(once / 1933 pages)
n
A patsy is a push-over, someone who can be easily manipulated by others. If your friend has convinced you that you should do all of his laundry out of the goodness of your heart, guess what? You're a patsy.
Patsy has its roots in 19th-century American slang, and it still has a slangy air to it. It may have started out as a character in an old vaudeville act named Patsy, who always got the blame when things went wrong. From there a patsy came to mean an easy target, someone who can be suckered into doing the bidding of more strong-willed people. If you show some backbone and assert yourself, you won't get the patsy treatment!
WORD FAMILY
patsy: patsies
USAGE EXAMPLES
After 13 months of work, the jury voted to indict John and Patsy Ramsey for child abuse resulting in her death, but then-Dist.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
He and parents John and Patsy were all cleared by prosecutors in 2008 based on DNA evidence.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
The few undisputed facts are as follows: just before 6am on 26 December, Patsy called the Boulder police department from her home.
The Guardian(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: n. 容易受骗的人，懦夫
分布：容易受骗的人(100%)
→词源不详，可能来自常见人名Pat 或Paddy,爱尔兰佬，Patrick 的昵称。引申词义笨蛋，傻瓜， 替罪羊。
['pæt.si] US slang
noun countable
■a person who it is easy to cheat or make suffer 易上当受骗的人；易成代罪羔羊者
n. 懦夫（复数patsies）；容易受骗的人
 - chicken, molly

Word: plainclothes
Front: plainclothes
['pleɪnkləʊðz] (22800/-)
Back: adj. 便衣（尤指不穿制服的警察）的

Word: qi
Front: qi
[tʃi:] None
Vocabulary: qi
(once / 46533 pages)
n
The word qi may be little, but boy is it energetic. In fact, qi stands for the energy in everything. (It's also a handy word to know in Scrabble.)
In Chinese philosophy, qi, also spelled chior ch’i, is the life force that every person and thing has. Chinese medicine and acupuncture both address the concept of qi; if you’re feeling a little under the weather, an unbalanced qi may be the culprit. Martial arts also uses the concept: if you’ve ever practiced tai chi, then you’re already familiar with qi, just with a different spelling.
WORD FAMILY
qi
USAGE EXAMPLES
Searches for plane tickets from Beijing to southern China, including coastal locations like Hainan province, quadrupled this week, Qi said.
Reuters(Dec 21, 2016)
Lily Qi, who grew up in China and says she never imagined a life in politics, applied to Emerge to learn about the process.
Washington Post(Dec 10, 2016)
Huang Qi, who has been in and out of prison for years for his activism, has also disappeared, the NGO said.
The Guardian(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. <汉>气
分布：希腊语字母表第22字母(Ｘ(100%)

Word: proverbial
Front: proverbial
[prəˈvɜ:biəl] (13679/13873 -1)
Vocabulary: proverbial
(once / 1749 pages)
adj
If something is proverbial, it's referred to in a familiar saying. If your little brother knocks over his milk and starts crying, you might think of the proverbial spilled milk.
Proverb is the root of proverbial, and it comes from the Latin word proverbium, “a common saying.” Proverbs are little stories or expressions that usually teach a lesson, like "Don't cry over spilled milk," which means "It's a waste of time to be upset about something that can't be helped." You could say to your dog, "Well, aren't you the proverbial best friend?" or tell your sister, who's dyed her hair purple, "You stick out like the proverbial sore thumb."
WORD FAMILY
proverbial: proverbially+/ proverb: proverbial
USAGE EXAMPLES
The 2016 Cougars were like the proverbial “4-A” baseball player — someone who dominates in the minors but struggles in the show.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Most hedge funds charge the proverbial two-and-20 — 2 percent of assets under management and 20 percent of any gains above a certain threshold.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
The proverbial campfire scene was reenacted with tales from Shakespeare retold with minimal illustration.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 谚语的; 众所周知的，出名的; 已成话柄的
分布：众所周知的(64%)，谚语的(28%)，如同谚语的(8%)
→来自proverb,谚语。比喻用法。
格言般的;公认的[verb=word,表示"词语"]
US [-'vɝ:-] adjective
■as used in a proverb or other phrase 谚语的，俗话所说的，常言中的
• He's got to pull the proverbial finger out. 他不得不，照俗语的说法就是，开始认真工作。
■well known 众所周知的
• his proverbial good humour 他那人人皆知的好脾气
adj. 谚语的；众所周知的；谚语式的
 - confessed, well-known

Word: pram
Front: pram
[præm] (32284/10142 -1)
Vocabulary: pram
(once / 22862 pages)
n
A pram is a stroller or baby carriage, a device with wheels that can be easily pushed. Some fussy babies are soothed by a long stroll in a pram.
The typical pram has four wheels and a handle. The baby or toddler can sit or lie down in the pram while being wheeled along the street. While pram is a British term — it's more likely to be called a stroller in the US — most parents, babysitters, and nannies will know what you mean if you use the word. Pram is short for perambulator, "one who walks or perambulates," which gained the meaning "baby carriage" in the 1850s.
WORD FAMILY
pram: prams
USAGE EXAMPLES
One woman was shown pushing a pram and many others carried plastic bags on their heads while a bombardment could be heard in the distance.
The Guardian(Nov 27, 2016)
It was accompanied by images of the child being pushed in her pram by her mother.
BBC(Nov 24, 2016)
I’m far more sly than those mothers you see smoking at the pushchair, tapping ash into the pram, but am I really all that different?
The Guardian(Oct 15, 2016)
Back: n. <英>（手推的）婴儿车; （送牛奶的）手推车; 平底船
分布：平底船(100%)
→缩写自perambulator,散步者，婴儿车。
[præm] UK (US baby carriage)
noun countable
■a vehicle for moving a baby around which consists of a small bed supported by a frame on four wheels 手推童车，婴儿车
• I saw her pushing a pram down the street. 我看见她推着婴儿车沿着街道走。
n. 婴儿车；送牛奶用的手推车
 - baby-car, baby carriers

Word: quail
Front: quail
[kweɪl] (托宝 13122/22344 -1)
Vocabulary: quail
(once / 1141 pages)
1n 2v
Smaller than the chicken and not as well known as the pigeon, quail is like the often-overlooked middle child of the ground-dwelling bird family. Quail can also mean to cringe in fear or pain. So if you are a quail, you might quail at the thought of quail-hunting season.
Quail is a broad, catchall word; it can refer to any one of many small domestic game birds. So if you’re bragging about the quail you shot on a hunting trip to your uptight, bird-obsessed pals, they might demand to know if it was the Bobwhite quail, the Valley quail or the Scaled quail, to name just a few. If you use this word as a verb, it means to draw back in fear or pain. You might quail in fear at the sight of a playground bully. A good way to remember this verb meaning is to think of how the word chicken is also associated with fear.
WORD FAMILY
quail: quailed, quailing, quails
USAGE EXAMPLES
The seasons for ruffed grouse, bobwhite quail and pheasant all end on Saturday.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Occasionally, I’ll see a hedgehog on our property—Galveston, his name is—and there’s no shortage of deer and quail.
The New Yorker(Dec 17, 2016)
When characters quail in terror, their backbones turn concave.
Washington Post(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 鹌鹑; 鹌鹑肉; <美俚>女大学生
vi. 沮丧; 畏缩，胆怯; 感到恐惧
vt. 使沮丧; 使畏缩
时态：quailed, quailing, quails
分布：鹌鹑(79%)，胆怯(12%)，畏缩(9%)
→拟声词，模仿这种鸟叫的声音。
【记】源于：qu去，ail（n 小病）象声词“哎哟”
【反】become resolute（变得坚决的）；give bold（使大胆）
noun countable or uncountable (plural quail or quails)
■a small brown bird which is shot for sport or food, or the meat of this bird 鹌鹑
• Quails' eggs are considered to be a delicacy. 鹌鹑蛋被视为美味的佳肴。
[kweɪl] verb intransitive literary
■to feel or show fear; to want to be able to move away from something because you fear it 害怕；退缩
• Charlie quailed at the sound of his mother's angry voice. 查理听到他母亲愤怒的声音，心里不由得感到害怕。
• She quailed before her boss's anger. 她在老板发怒前退缩了。
vi. 畏缩，胆怯；感到恐惧
 - recoil from, shrink back from

Word: reactivate
Front: reactivate
[riˈæktɪveɪt] (21293/20004)
Vocabulary: reactivate
(once / 41765 pages)
v
Whether it’s a slumping economy, a gym membership you let expire, or a feature on your phone that you shut off by accident, when you reactivate something, you put it back into action.
In reactivate the prefix re- means "again." Added to the word activate, meaning "start," reactivate means "start again." If your email account has been shut down because of a password error, for example, you would contact tech support to reactivate it, or if you used to be part of a group that has stopped meeting, you might call the other members to see if they are interested in reactivating it, meaning start it back up.
WORD FAMILY
reactivate: reactivated, reactivates, reactivating+/ act: actable, acted, acting, action, active, actor, actress, acts, actuate, counteract, enact, interact, overact, underact/actable: unactable/acting: actings, self-acting/ action: actionable, actioned, actions, inaction/ activate: activated, activates, activating, activation, activator, deactivate, reactivate /activating: self-activating/ activation: activations/activator: activators/ active: activate, actively, activeness, activer, actives, activest, activity, hyperactive, inactive, overactive, underactive/ activity: activities/ actor: actors/actress: actresses/ actuate: actuated, actuates, actuating, actuation, actuator/actuator: actuators/counteract: counteracted, counteracting, counteraction, counteractive, counteracts/counteraction: counteractions/deactivate: deactivated, deactivates, deactivating, deactivation/ enact: enacted, enacting, enactment, enacts, reenact/enactment: enactments/ hyperactive: hyperactively, hyperactivity/inaction: inactions/inactivate: inactivated, inactivates, inactivating, inactivation/ inactive: inactivate, inactively, inactiveness, inactivity / inactivity: inactivities/ interact: interacted, interacting, interaction, interactive, interacts/ interaction: interactional, interactions/ interactive: interactively/overact: overacted, overacting, overacts/overacting: overactings/overactive: overactivity/reenact: reenacted, reenacting, reenactment, reenacts/ reenactment: reenactments/underact: underacted, underacting, underacts
USAGE EXAMPLES
State TV says the cease-fire paves the way for reactivating negotiations to end the conflict.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
She was reactivated on the organ transplant waiting list on Sept. 15.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Consulate as the source of “reliable information that the cross-border tunnel was being reactivated.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: vt. 使恢复活动，重起作用
时态：reactivated, reactivating, reactivates
分布：恢复活动(73%)，重新运转(27%)
→re-,再，重新，activate,启动，激活。
verb intransitive or transitive
■to bring or come back into action or use （使）重新起作用；（使）重新启动；（使）恢复活动
• The police file was reactivated because of new evidence. 因为发现了新的证据，警方档案被重新启用。
• The virus can reactivate at any time. 该病毒会随时重新启动。

Word: racehorse
Front: racehorse
[ˈreɪshɔ:s] (22566/19518 -1)
Back: n. 比赛用的马
分布：赛马用的马(100%)
US [-hɔ:rs] noun countable
■a horse bred and trained for racing （专门培育的）比赛用马，赛马

Word: reappraisal
Front: reappraisal
[ˌri:əˈpreɪzl] (24782/18596)
Back: n. 再评价
分布：重新评价(78%)，再评价(22%)
noun countable or uncountable
■when you examine and judge something or someone again 重新评价；重新估计
• He'd like to see a fundamental reappraisal of the way unions operate. 他希望能对工会的运作方式进行彻底的重新评估。
n. 重新评价；重新估计
 - reevaluation, recomputation

Word: scowl
Front: scowl
[skaʊl] (宝 11097/13071 -1)
Vocabulary: scowl
(once / 782 pages)
vn
When you scowl you make an angry face. The angry face you make is also called a scowl. Lighten up.
Scowl is an expressive word: it shares "ow" with frown, and if you say it like you mean it you might end up scowling yourself. Being scowled at is more unsettling than being frowned at. A scowl is like an angry frown you would give someone if you disapproved of them. A frown expresses sadness, but a scowl expresses disdain.
WORD FAMILY
scowl: scowled, scowling, scowls+/scowling: scowlingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Brohi leaves his young wife alone but hangs outside the door, scowling at her.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
“If you’re scowling, conjure up a smile. If you tense up, try to relax.”
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
He doesn’t scowl if quarterback Kirk Cousins misses a throw.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: vi. 皱眉; 怒视
vt. 皱眉表示; 对…沉下脸
n. 愁容; 怒容
时态：scowled, scowling, scowls
分布：皱眉(60%)，愁容(40%)
【记】s死，cow母牛，l：母牛被l弄死了－皱眉头
verb intransitive
■to look at someone or something with a very annoyed expression 阴沉着脸看，怒目而视
• The boy scowled at her and reluctantly followed her back into school. 男孩对她阴沉着脸，很不情愿地跟着她回了学校。
n. 愁容；怒容；阴沉沉的样子
 - sad face
vi. 皱眉；怒视
 - glare at, frown upon

Word: reuse
Front: reuse
[ˌri:ˈju:z] (高 12946/22536)
Vocabulary: reuse
(once / 11036 pages)
v
To reuse something is to make use of it more than once, or for a subsequent time. Asking for a plastic bag at the grocery store might seem wasteful, but you can reuse that bag many times.
Instead of throwing something away after using it once, ask yourself if there's any way you can reuse it. You can reuse a paper towel roll by putting it in your hamster's cage so he can crawl through and chew on it. You can reuse containers like glass jars and plastic tubs by storing leftovers in them. You can even reuse kitchen scraps by composting them and using the compost in your garden.
WORD FAMILY
reuse: reusable, reused, reuses, reusing+/ disuse: disused, disuses/misuse: misused, misuses, misusing/ overuse: overused, overuses, overusing/ usable: unusable, usability, usableness/ usage: ill-usage, usages/usance: usances/ use: disuse, ill-use, misuse, overuse, reuse, usable, usage, usance, useable, used, useed, useful, useless, user, uses, using/useable: unuseable, useableness/ used: ill-used, unused, useder/ useful: usefuler, usefulest, usefully, usefulness/usefully: usefullys/usefulness: unusefulness, usefulnesss/ useless: uselesser, uselessest, uselessly, uselessness/ user: users/using: usings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Woodward said she wants The Scrap Exchange to be a steward of the surrounding neighborhood, with development centered around reuse and sustainability.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
They “will travel well and allow for reuse time and again,” an Amazon spokeswoman says.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 14, 2016)
“Never demolish, never remove or replace – always add, transform, and reuse!”
The Guardian(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: vt. 再用，重新使用
时态：reused, reusing, reuses
分布：重新使用(52%)，再使用(48%)
→re-,再，重新，use,使用。
verb transitive
■to use something again 再次使用；再利用
• To conserve resources, please reuse this carrier bag. 为了节省资源，请重覆利用本手提袋。
n. 重新使用，再用
 - reemployment

Word: sacrificial
Front: sacrificial
[ˌsækrɪˈfɪʃl] (15804/18876)
Vocabulary: sacrificial
(once / 2652 pages)
adj
Anything sacrificial has to do with a sacrifice. Giving up your seat for someone else is a sacrificial act.
A sacrifice is something given up for the sake of others, so anything sacrificial is connected to that selfless act. In some cultures, people were once thrown in volcanoes to appease the gods: this was a sacrificial ritual, because the person's life was taken for a higher purpose. In Christianity, Jesus dying for other people's sins is a sacrificial act. Even small actions can be sacrificial if you give something up for a purpose.
WORD FAMILY
sacrificial: sacrificially+/ sacrifice: sacrificeable, sacrificed, sacrificer, sacrifices, sacrificial, sacrificing, self-sacrifice/sacrificer: sacrificers/sacrificing: self-sacrificing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ms. Underwood, the country singer and “American Idol” winner, was the unfortunate sacrificial lamb who proved this point in “The Sound of Music.”
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
This sacrificial beheading causes the tree to die and is where the white sap, which has risen up the hollowed trunk, is collected.
Time(Nov 28, 2016)
Chipeta appealed for Aniva to not be used as “a sacrificial lamb”, saying “the publicity he has attracted is punishment enough”.
The Guardian(Nov 18, 2016)
Back: adj. 牺牲的
分布：牺牲的(45%)，献祭的(34%)，具有牺牲性的(13%)，抛售的(8%)
→sacrifice,牺牲，献祭，-al,形容词后缀。
adjective
■offered as a sacrifice 献祭的，用作祭品的
• The priest held up the head of the sacrificial goat. 祭司举起了献祭山羊的头。
adj. 牺牲的；献祭的
 - immolated

Word: respectfully
Front: respectfully
[rɪ'spektfəlɪ] (12404/15422)
Vocabulary: respectfully
(once / 742 pages)
adv
Respectfully describes words and actions that show honor and worth. When people behave respectfully toward one another, they are polite and take the other people's feelings into consideration.
The adverb respectfully describes the way you treat or interact with someone you hold in high regard, admire, or perhaps simply have been told to treat with politeness. You can also behave respectfully by upholding certain traditions, like singing your school's alma mater and standing for the national anthem at sporting events. Don't confuse it with respectively, or in the order given.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
respectfully / respectively
If you kiss the mob boss's ring, do it respectfully, or full of respect and admiration. But respectively means "in the order given," so if you have to kiss up to the rest of the mob, make sure to shake hands and high five Jimmy Rags and Tommy Two Face, respectively because Jimmy prefers a handshake, but Tommy loves a good high five.
To show respect is to show how you admire something or someone, to show deference or obedience. Therefore, when you do something respectfully, you're being polite because you do it full of respect:
Mr. Ruck listened, as he always listened, respectfully. (Henry James)
"So tonight, we are respectfully asking the candidates to try to put aside the talking points," he says. (Time)
The servants bowed respectfully, and retired in silence. (Bernhard Severin Ingemann)
Respectively, on the other hand, means in a manner that treats several things individually, one by one, in a sequence. It's a way to keep lists parallel, and it rescues sentences from extra words:
By comparison, Mitalas said fellow Metro League schools Seattle Prep and Lakeside had 70 and 40 turn out, respectively. (Seattle Times)
That's easier to say than "Seattle Prep had a turn out of 70 and Lakeside had a turn out of 40." Same goes for this quote from an obituary of actor Cliff Robertson:
His TV performances in "Days of Wine and Roses" and "The Hustler," for example, were filmed with Jack Lemmon and Paul Newman, respectively. (Washington Post)
Sign your emails "respectfully yours" if you're full of respect for the person you're writing to, and save respectively for singling things out. The grammar mob appreciates your attention to these details.
WORD FAMILY
respectful: disrespectful, respectfully, respectfulness, self-respectful+/ disrespect: disrespected, disrespecting, disrespects/ disrespectful: disrespectfully/ respect: disrespect, respectable, respected, respecter, respectful, respecting, respects, self-respect/respectability: respectabilities/ respectable: respectability, respectabler, respectablest, respectably, unrespectable/respecter: respecters/respecting: self-respecting/unrespectable: unrespectability
USAGE EXAMPLES
“We are respectfully urging them not to engage in any further unnecessary delay and just release the funds.”
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Foster confirmed he was indeed asked, but he later nixed the idea, saying on Instagram that he “politely and respectfully declined”.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
The natural decibel level here is low, respectfully so for the sacred sites.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adv. 恭敬地; 此致敬礼
分布：恭敬地(100%)
adverb
POLITE 礼貌
■in a way that shows you want to be polite or honour someone 恭敬的；按照礼仪的；有礼貌的
• When she was asked if she had any ambition to become prime minister, she respectfully (= politely) declined to answer the question. 当被问及她是否有问鼎首相职位的抱负时，她婉言迴避了这个问题。
• As the body was carried through the crowd, people drew back respectfully (= to show their respect). 当遗体被抬过人群时，人们满怀敬意地退后让道。
[rɪ'spekt.fəl.i] adverb
ADMIRATION 尊重
■in a way that shows you admire someone or something 敬意地
• The audience clapped respectfully as she stood up to speak. 当她起身发言时，观众们满怀敬意地鼓掌欢迎。
[rɪ'spekt.fəl.i] adverb
Respectfully yours
■a very formal and polite way of ending a letter （正式信函的信末套语）（某某）敬上
adv. 尊敬地
 - venerably

Word: scum
Front: scum
[skʌm] (雅 15268/8207 -1)
Back: n. 浮渣; 泡沫; 糟粕
vi. 产生泡沫; 被浮渣覆盖
vt. 将浮渣去除掉
时态：scummed, scumming, scums
分布：渣滓(58%)，去除浮渣(14%)，形成浮渣(14%)，卑贱之人(7%)，槽粕(7%)
→来自中古英语 scum,泡沫，浮渣，来自 Proto-Germanic*skumaz,覆盖，隐藏，来自 skeu, 覆盖，隐藏，词源同 hide,skim.引申比喻义渣滓，败类等。
noun
DIRT 污物
uncountable
■a layer of unpleasant or unwanted material that has formed on the top of a liquid （液体上的）浮沫，浮渣，浮垢
• The lake near the factory was covered with grey, foul-smelling scum. 这家工厂附近的湖面上浮着一层灰蒙蒙、散发着臭气的浮垢。
[skʌm] noun
IMMORAL PERSON 不道德的人
countable or uncountable (plural scum) informal
■a very bad or immoral person or group of people 人渣；败类
• People who organize dog fights are scum in my opinion! 我认为那些经营斗狗的人是人渣！
• His boss treats him like scum (= very badly). 他老板不把他当人看。
■3. racist scum
[skʌm] noun
the scum of the Earth informal
■the worst type of people that can be imagined 人渣，最恶劣的人
• These men are the scum of the Earth. 这些人都是人渣。
n. 浮渣；泡沫；糟粕
 - bubble, foam, yeast

Word: scrip
Front: scrip
[skrɪp] (32351/28519)
Back: n. 便条; 纸条; 纸片; 临时凭证
分布：纸条(40%)，便条(36%)，纸片(24%)
→缩写自 subscription receipt,认购收据。
n. 纸条；纸片；便条；临时凭证
 - slip, webing

Word: serendipity
Front: serendipity
[ˌserənˈdɪpəti] (宝 23199/34544)
Vocabulary: serendipity
(once / 23221 pages)
n
If you find good things without looking for them, serendipity — unexpected good luck — has brought them to you.
Serendipity does not come from Latin or Greek, but rather was created by a British nobleman in the mid 1700s from an ancient Persian fairy tale. The meaning of the word, good luck in finding valuable things unintentionally, refers to the fairy tale characters who were always making discoveries through chance. You can thank serendipity if you find a pencil at an empty desk just at you walk into an exam and realize that you forgot yours.
WORD FAMILY
serendipity: serendipities, serendipitous +/ serendipitous: serendipitously
USAGE EXAMPLES
Applying for the degree now just seemed like serendipity.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
The winner is picked not by the laws of elections but by the serendipity of the casino.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
Semnani still thinks about “the serendipity that put me in that place.”
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 意外发现珍奇事物的才能; 意外新发现; 巧事; 机缘凑巧
分布：善于发掘新奇事物的天赋(50%)，易遇奇缘的运气(50%)
→来自波斯童话故事《斯里兰卡三王子：The Three Princes of Serendip》，讲述了古斯里兰卡 的三个王子好运不断， 机缘巧合的奇妙故事。来自 Serendip,斯里兰卡古称，来自梵语 Simhaladvipa,狮子岛，来自 simhah,狮子，词源同 Singapore,新加坡，字面意思为狮子城，dvipa, 岛屿，词源同 Maldives,马尔代夫。
US [-ə.tˌi] formal
noun uncountable
■the lucky tendency to find interesting or valuable things by chance （偶然发现有趣或珍贵之物的）机缘，幸运

Word: selfless
Front: selfless
[ˈselfləs] (16709/19774 -1)
Vocabulary: selfless
(once / 7129 pages)
adj
When you're being selfless, you're thinking of other people before yourself. Selfless is the opposite of selfish.
If you're selfless, you think less about your self, and more about others — you're generous and kind. Being selfless is similar to being altruistic — another word for giving to others without looking for personal gain. If you give time, money, or things to other people without expecting something in return, that's selfless. Most people would agree that the world would be a better place if there were more selfless behavior.
WORD FAMILY
selfless: selflessly, selflessness+/self: self-colored, selfish, selfless, selfs, selves/ selfish: selfisher, selfishest, selfishly, selfishness, unselfish/selfishness: selfishnesses/unselfish: unselfisher, unselfishly, unselfishness/unselfishness: unselfishnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
His skills will be missed by a country that would be well-served if more people followed his selfless example.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
So Trump can’t get his due for this selfless action.
Salon(Dec 28, 2016)
Mr. Trump, in the announcement, described Mr. Viola as “incredibly accomplished and selfless.”
New York Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 无私的，忘我的; 大公无私; 公而忘私
分布：无私的(93%)，不考虑自己的(7%)
→self-,自己的，自身的，-less,无，没有。
adjective approving
■Someone who is selfless only thinks of other people's advantage 无私的
• selfless devotion to duty 对职责的无私奉献
adj. 无私的；不考虑自己的
 - unselfish, egoless

Word: spinach
Front: spinach
[ˈspɪnɪtʃ] (托 7185/16795 -1)
Vocabulary: spinach
(once / 3714 pages)
n
Spinach is a leafy green edible plant. The most famous spinach eater is probably Popeye, the cartoon sailor who grows huge, strong arm muscles after eating it.
There are many different ways to prepare spinach, from raw in a salad to sauteed with spices and cheese in the Indian dish saag paneer. If you don't pick a spinach plant's leaves, it sprouts white flowers and grows almost a foot tall. Spinach comes from the Old French espinache, with its Persian root, aspanakh — both also mean "spinach."
WORD FAMILY
spinach: spinaches
USAGE EXAMPLES
Other names include white beet, strawberry spinach, seakale beet, leaf beet, Sicilian beet, spinach beet, Chilean beet, Roman kale and silverbeet.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
I use red leaf for its autumnal hue and yielding crispness, but green leaf, kale, spinach or escarole would also work well.
Washington Post(Dec 14, 2016)
Maybe add a side of sauteed spinach, kale or Swiss chard.
Washington Post(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. 菠菜; <俚>胡说八道
分布：菠菜(100%)
→来自盎格鲁法语 spinache,来自古法语 espinoche,来自阿拉伯语 isfanak,来自波斯语 ispanakh, 一种绿色蔬菜。比较汉语菠菜，原名波斯菜。
noun uncountable
 ADVANCED
■a vegetable which has wide dark green leaves which are eaten cooked or uncooked 菠菜
• spinach lasagne/salad 菠菜千层面／沙拉
['spɪn.ɪtʃ] adjective informal
■not very enjoyable but good for you 未必很有趣但有益的
• spinach cinema 发人深思的电影

Word: seventeen
Front: seventeen
[ˌsevnˈti:n] (中高四六 6318/3783 -5)
Back: n. 十七（个）; 十七
adj. 十七岁的; 十七的; 十七个的
num. 十七
分布：十七(100%)
number
 ESSENTIAL
■the number 17 （数位）17
• sixteen, seventeen, eighteen 16， 17， 18
• Is that a seventeen on the front of that bus? 那辆公车的前面是不是写着17？

Word: spineless
Front: spineless
[ˈspaɪnləs] (托宝 27444/33163)
Back: adj. <贬>没有骨气的，懦弱的; （动物）无脊椎的
分布：没有骨气的(46%)，无脊椎的(29%)，懦弱的(25%)
→spine,脊柱，脊椎，-less,无，没有。引申比喻义懦弱的，没骨气的。
没有骨气的(spine脊骨)[-less表形容词"无…的,不...的"]
['spaɪn.ləs] disapproving
adjective
■describes someone who does not have much determination and is not willing to take risks 没有勇气的；无胆量的，怯懦的
• He was, she concluded, a spineless individual. 她断定他是个没有胆量的家伙。
adj. 没有骨气的；无脊椎的；懦弱的
 - wimpy, fainthearted

Word: totemic
Front: totemic
[təʊ'temɪk] (29503/44165)
Back: adj. 图腾的
分布：图腾的(100%)

Word: ugliness
Front: ugliness
['ʌɡlɪnəs] (16643/18785)
Back: n. 难看，丑陋; 丑陋的东西
分布：丑陋(100%)
【记】源于：ugly（adj 丑陋的）
【反】pulchritude（n 美丽）
ADJ-GRADED
丑陋的；难看的
If you say that someone or something is ugly, you mean that they are very unattractive and unpleasant to look at.
例：...an ugly little hat...难看的小帽子
例：She makes me feel dowdy and ugly.她让我自惭形秽。
ADJ-GRADED
（通常因涉及暴力、挑衅行为而）令人厌恶的，邪恶的，恶性的
If you refer to an event or situation as ugly, you mean that it is very unpleasant, usually because it involves violent or aggressive behaviour.
例：There have been some ugly scenes...出现了一些恶性事件。
例：The confrontation turned ugly.对抗局面进一步激化。
n. 丑陋，丑陋之物
 - ungainliness

Word: stationery
Front: stationery
[ˈsteɪʃənri] (研六托雅 14645/10061 -1)
Vocabulary: stationery
(once / 5467 pages)
n
If your grandmother gives you a set of stationery as a birthday present, it might be a subtle hint to write her a thank you note. Stationery is a set of writing paper that comes with envelopes.
Stationery refers to fancy paper you might use for a long-overdue thank you note, an old fashioned cover letter and resume, or even a love letter to a far away friend. Stationery is a tricky word that’s only one letter away from stationary, which means “remaining in one place.” But stationery (with an e) is what you’ll write your grandmother’s thank you note on. Won’t you?
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
stationary / stationery
Make sure you're stationary, or still, while you jot down a love letter on your fancy stationery, so the writing isn't all squiggly.
Why do these words sound so similar? They're kissing cousins.They both come from the Latin stationarius, meaning "a seller in a fixed location." Our modern stationary means still, unmovable, like bad weather that lingers or a parked car:
A disturbance in the southwestern Caribbean is expected to remain stationary for the next few days, the National Hurricane Center said. (Sun Sentinel)
Police confirmed an incident at 6.50pm on Sunday, October 17, when a blue Rover collided with a stationary vehicle. (Chesterfield Post)
Stationery (with an "e") also comes from stationarius, but not as directly. According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, "Roving peddlers were more common in the Middle Ages; sellers with a fixed location were often bookshops licensed by universities," thus the connection between paper and staying still. Today, stationery is writing paper, the kind you put resumes and wedding invitations on:
People sent me Hallmark cards, handwritten notes on lined paper, typed letters on formal stationery, even telegrams. (Time Magazine)
Ms. Staller is the owner of Rosetta Papers, which offers a wide variety of customized invitations, stationery, holiday cards and announcements. (ad for Rosetta Papers)
An easy way to keep stationary and stationery straight is to connect the er in stationery to the paper it's made from.
WORD FAMILY
stationery
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ms. Bloom keeps personal stationery of some clients on file to handle their gift-giving with handwritten notes.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 21, 2016)
So are those of us still using a notebook simply stationery dinosaurs?
BBC(Dec 17, 2016)
The typed letter, signed by the boxing legend on "Muhammad Ali in South Africa" stationery, dates from 1993.
BBC(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. 文具; 办公用品; 信纸，信封; 文房四宝
分布：文具(94%)，信笺(6%)
文具(station+ery)[st,sta,stat,stan,stant,stin=stand表示"站,立"]
n.文具The shop that sells stationery is called a stationer's.卖文具的商店叫文具商店.
US [-ʃə.ner-] noun uncountable
■the things needed for writing, such as paper, pens, pencils and envelopes 文具
■good quality paper for writing letters on and matching envelopes 优质信纸信封
n. [轻] 文具；信纸
 - writing materials, letter pad

Word: vivo
Front: vivo
[ˈvi:vəu] (30162/-)
Back: adv. <意>活泼地
adj. 活泼的
n. 步步高旗下手机品牌
分布：活的(60%)，活跃地(20%)，=vivace.(20%)
adv. 活泼地；生动地（等于vivace）
 - vigorously, vividly
adj. 生动的；活泼的；充满活力的（等于vivace）
 - alive, vivid, telling, live, activated

Word: walnut
Front: walnut
[ˈwɔ:lnʌt] (高六托 7840/8979 -1)
Back: n. 胡桃（树）; 胡桃木; 胡桃木色
分布：核桃(93%)，茶色(3%)，核桃木(3%)，核桃色(1%)
→来自古英语walhnutu,外国坚果，walh-,外国的，外来的，词源同Welsh,Cornwall,nut,坚果。以此命名，以与本国坚果相区别。
US ['wɑ:l-] noun countable or uncountable
■a nut with a slightly bitter taste and a series of folds in it and a hard shell, or (the expensive light brown wood from) the tree that produces these nuts 胡桃，核桃；胡桃树，核桃树；胡桃木，核桃木
n. 胡桃； [木] 胡桃木
 - juglans

Word: unilateralist
Front: unilateralist
[ˌju:nɪ'lætrəlɪst] (34257/45676)
Back: adj. 主张片面限武论者
分布：主张片面武论者(50%)，主张片面武论的(50%)

Word: countermeasure
Front: countermeasure
[ˈkaʊntəmeʒə(r)] (20005/38561)
Back: n. 对策，反措施
分布：对策(100%)
US [-tˌɚˌmeʒ.ɚ] noun countable
■an action taken against an unwanted action or situation 对策；反措施，应对措施
• The Chancellor's countermeasures against inflation have been completely ineffective. 总理抑制通货膨胀的对策丝毫不奏效。

Word: cuddle
Front: cuddle
[ˈkʌdl] (宝 14556/11885 -1)
Vocabulary: cuddle
(once / 3428 pages)
vn
To cuddle is to embrace in a loving, affectionate way. If you're having a terrible day, you probably wish you could just go home, get in bed, and cuddle with your cat.
Cuddle might come from the Middle English couth, "known" — after all, you only cuddle with those you know. Or, cuddle may have started as baby talk that caught on. When you cuddle, you give a snuggly hug to make yourself or another person feel loved or comforted. As a noun, cuddle describes the time of the embrace, like having one last cuddle before leaving for a long trip.
WORD FAMILY
cuddle: cuddled, cuddles, cuddlesome, cuddling, cuddly +/cuddlesome: cuddlesomely/cuddling: cuddlings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The list includes a call to cuddle more.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
James Earl Jones cuddled him this summer in “God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater” in an “Encores!”
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
"If one of them is not well, they want to cuddle each other rather than us," she said.
BBC(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 拥抱，怀抱
vi. 依偎着睡
n. 搂抱，拥抱
时态：cuddled, cuddling, cuddles
分布：拥抱(65%)，搂抱(16%)，依偎(14%)，怀抱(5%)
→词源不详，可能来自collar,领口。
【记】拥抱在手中宠爱（coddle）
【参】puddle（n 水坑）
verb intransitive or transitive
■to put your arms around someone and hold them in a loving way, or (of two people) to hold each other close to show love or for comfort 抱；（互相）拥抱，搂抱
• She cuddled the baby and eventually it stopped crying. 她搂着小孩，渐渐地孩子不哭了。
• They sat in the back row of the cinema kissing and cuddling. 他们坐在电影院后排，接吻搂抱。
['kʌd.l] verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  cuddle up informal
■to sit or lie very close to someone and put your arms around them 依偎着，紧贴着坐（或躺）
• We cuddled up together and tried to get warm. 我们挤在一起，想借此取暖。
• She cuddled up to her mother. 她依偎在母亲身旁。
vi. 拥抱；偎依；舒服地贴著身睡
 - embrace, nestle up
vt. 拥抱；亲热地搂住；抚爱地拥抱
 - embrace, inarm
n. 搂抱，拥抱
 - embracement

Word: nineveh

Word: abatement
Front: abatement
[ə'beɪtmənt] (16332/23566)
Vocabulary: abatement
(once / 4950 pages)
n
An abatement is a deduction, or lessening. If you start bluntly telling people what you think of them, you might see an abatement in their friendliness toward you.
Abatement comes from the French word for batter, but abatement doesn’t usually have a negative sense––abatement reduces something, but doesn’t beat it to a pulp. Many cities offer tax abatements to reward businesses starting up in areas they want to develop. If your heat doesn't work, you could sue your landlord for a rent abatement, since you shouldn't have to pay rent for days you don't have heat.
WORD FAMILY
abatement: abatements+/ abate: abatable, abated, abatement, abates, abating, abator/abated: unabated/unabated: unabatedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
In St. Louis a developer is seeking 15 years of tax abatements to refurbish an abandoned armory into a hotel-office complex including a craft brewery.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
Each home that was subject to an abatement complaint is located near a high school or middle school, Feuer said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 13, 2016)
He also mocked politicians who offered low-interest loans and tax abatements to keep factories in the United States.
Washington Post(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 减少; 减轻; 折扣; 废除
分布：减少(54%)，减轻(23%)，缓和(13%)，减少额(10%)
N-UNCOUNT
减弱;减轻;减少
Abatement means a reduction in the strength or power of something or the reduction of it.
例：...the abatement of carbon dioxide emissions.二氧化碳排放的减少
例：...noise abatement.噪声消退
n. 减少； [法] 消除；减轻
 - reduction, loss, decrease, removing, elimination

Word: apocryphal
Front: apocryphal
[əˈpɒkrɪfl] (宝 24326/22523)
Vocabulary: apocryphal
(once / 9396 pages)
adj
Urban legends — stories about phantom hitchhikers, deep-fried rats, and spider eggs in bubblegum — are classic examples of apocryphal tales. They're told as if they're true, but no one can ever identify their origins.
Today, any dubious or unverifiable story may be dismissed as apocryphal. If it can't be verified, it is seen as not real, true or authentic. Originally, however, apocryphal was reserved for religious writings that were not included in the Torah or the New Testament of the Bible because the divinity of the texts was not certain. These texts are known as the Apocrypha and are included in the Septuagint (a Greek version of the Hebrew Bible) and the Vulgate (a Latin Bible edited in the 4th century).
WORD FAMILY
apocryphal: apocryphally
USAGE EXAMPLES
George Orwell said, probably apocryphally, that some ideas are so absurd that only intellectuals believe them, and maybe there’s a 2016 election corollary.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
Many apocryphal tales about Disney and its founder have cropped up over the years.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 26, 2016)
As the story — however apocryphal it may be — goes, Macy’s employees asked the company to put on a parade in the mid-1920s.
New York Times(Nov 18, 2016)
Back: adj. 伪造的; 真实性可疑的; 作者不明的; 次经的
分布：伪的(72%)，不足凭信的(28%)
→前缀apo-, 从，从...离开。词根cryph, 隐藏，同crypt, 地窖。指从隐蔽处来，不可信。
伪经的;假冒的(apocrypha+al)[crypt=secret,hidden,表示"秘密,隐藏"]
【反】authenticated（adj 经鉴定的）
US [-'pɑ:.krɪ-] formal
adjective
■describes a story that is probably not true although often told and believed by some people to have happened （一些广为流传的故事）可疑的，不足为信的，杜撰的
• an apocryphal story 杜撰的故事
• It's a good story but I dare say it's apocryphal. 故事不错，但很可能是杜撰的。
adj. 伪的；可疑的
 - suspicious, doubtful

Word: armada
Front: armada
[ɑ:ˈmɑ:də] (宝 20195/20184)
Vocabulary: armada
(once / 2176 pages)
n
If an armada is looking for you, that's not good news — it's a fleet of warships.
Even though armada sounds a little old-fashioned, they still exist. In fact, some armadas look for pirates — another old-fashioned-sounding group that still exists. Though an armada is part of a navy, armada sounds similar to "army,", and it should: they both come ultimately from the same source, the Latin word armata, "armed." Armies and navies are two of the oldest branches of a military power, and an armada is a military fleet — another word for a group of boats or ships.
WORD FAMILY
armada: armadas
USAGE EXAMPLES
Their armada sailed in secret across the stormy northern Pacific Ocean to within striking distance of Hawaii.
Washington Post(Dec 05, 2016)
In Washington, the chiefs assumed — but never checked — that he had moved the armada out of danger and had readied a defense.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 18, 2016)
They, too, were vilified, for trying to fight fire with fire and building a liberal armada to fight back on Clinton’s behalf.
The Guardian(Nov 11, 2016)
Back: n. 舰队; 大队（行进的东西）; (16世纪西班牙的)无敌舰队; （飞机）机群
分布：舰队(93%)，机群(7%)
舰队(arm+ada表名词,通常表示群体)[arm=weapon,表示"武器"]
【参】fleet（n 舰队）；armor（n 装甲，盔甲）；armory（n 军械库）
US [ɑ:r-] noun countable
■a large group of war ships （大型）舰队
• The Spanish Armada was sent by the king of Spain to invade England in 1588. 1588年，西班牙国王派无敌舰队攻打英格兰。

Word: archetype
Front: archetype
[ˈɑ:kitaɪp] (宝 15672/21346 -1)
Vocabulary: archetype
(once / 5457 pages)
n
An archetype is a perfect example or model of something. If you have long blonde hair, a sparkly ball gown, and a fairy godmother hovering over your head, you're the archetype of a fairytale princess.
In the psychology of Carl Jung, an archetype is an inherited pattern of thought derived from the past experience of the whole race and present in our unconscious minds––Cinderella might be an archetype for girls in our culture; the boogey man is another. This noun is from Latin archetypum, from Greek archetypon, from archetypos "of the first mold," from archein "to begin" plus typos "type."
WORD FAMILY
archetype: archetypal, archetypes, archetypical+/ archetypal: archetypally/archetypical: archetypically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Both roles, Garfield says, deal with men in touch with the self-sacrificing Jesus Christ archetype that “lives within each of us.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Most use Jordan as the archetype, doing and saying nothing that might adversely affect their image.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
She was a woman with mental illness who refused to be painted as an hysteric, a histrionic; sexist archetypes beloved by the early psychoanalyst set.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 典型; 原型
分布：原型(100%)
【记】1）arche原始的，type形状－原型2）arche拱，type形。拱形。未出生的婴儿在妈妈肚子中的形状就是拱形的，这就是人的原型。俗话说人之初，性本善。其实，婴儿们都是我们学习的榜样－典型例子。3）archer弓箭手，type形状：想象人头马的标志，找一种原始模型的感觉（其实人马星座就是源于古老的神话）
US ['ɑ:r-] noun countable
■a typical example of something; the original model of something from which others are copied 原型；典型
• The United States is the archetype of a federal society. 美国是典型的联邦制社会。
n. [生物] 原型
 - original form, antitype

Word: anatolian

Word: attendee
Front: attendee
[ˌætenˈdi:] (11920/35820)
Vocabulary: attendee
(once / 9983 pages)
n
An attendee is a person who shows up at an event or meeting. If you go to your family reunion every summer, you can say you're a regular attendee.
Conferences, conventions, and other gatherings need to have attendees so they can proceed as planned. You might be a French club attendee at school or a regular town bike swap attendee. The original word for attendee was attender, but its meaning came to be "someone who waits on others," while attendee, as of the mid-20th century, was "someone who attends."
WORD FAMILY
attendee: attendees
USAGE EXAMPLES
Any attendee who passes through fanfest security is cleared to enter the stadium.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The location was disclosed to attendees who received a code from the promoter.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Notably, there were no attendees advocating secession from Russia.
Salon(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. （会议等的）出席者
分布：出席者(70%)，在场者(30%)
noun countable
■someone who goes to a place, event, etc. 出席者，参加者
n. 出席者；在场者
 - turnout

Word: affidavit
Front: affidavit
[ˌæfəˈdeɪvɪt] (宝 10486/12889 -1)
Vocabulary: affidavit
(once / 2775 pages)
n
If you make a written statement to the police or another recognized authority like a notary public that you swear is the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, what you've put down on paper is an affidavit.
We get the noun affidavit from the Latin affidare, which means "to pledge." When you state something in an affidavit, you're pledging to the powers that be that you're not lying. The word usually appears in legal settings; if you watch a lot of cop shows or courtroom dramas, it probably rings a bell. "According to the affidavit, Mrs. Smith told police she found the burglar in her closet wearing her most expensive pair of shoes."
WORD FAMILY
affidavit: affidavits
USAGE EXAMPLES
The affidavit says Williams was shot in a bedroom of his home in the 3100 block of 20th Street SE.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
In a detailed arrest affidavit filed in D.C.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
When the officer fired at the father, the bullet passed through his arm and struck his daughter, according to a police affidavit.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. <法>宣誓口供; 宣誓书
分布：宣誓书(100%)
→前缀af-同ad-, 去，往。词根fid, 信任，见faith.
口供书;宣誓书(af一再+fid+avit表名词→一再发誓相信→宣誓书)[fid=trust,faith,表示"相信,信念"]
宣誓书(af+fidav相信+it)[-it 1.表名词,通常是抽象名词2.表名词"…的"]
【参】perfidy（n 不忠，背叛）；confidence（n 自信）
noun countable
■a written statement which someone makes after they have sworn officially to tell the truth, and which might be used as proof in a court of law （法庭上作证用的）书面证词

Word: babble
Front: babble
[ˈbæbl] (宝 15475/21453 -1)
Vocabulary: babble
(once / 1303 pages)
1vn 2v
To babble is to talk on and on without a particular goal. It might drive you crazy when your little sister babbles endlessly about her favorite video game.
Babble sounds like Babel, the Biblical tower where everyone was talking in their own language. Everyone was babbling without paying attention to their neighbors, like the kid who won’t stop talking about his trip to the water park three years ago. A stream or a brook can babble, too, but that’s more of a soothing sound of water against rocks. Babies gurgle, because they don’t have enough words to babble yet.
WORD FAMILY
babble: babbled, babbler, babbles, babbling+/babbler: babblers/babbling: babblings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Backs are slapped and babies cooed over; a civilised babble fills the space.
Economist(Dec 20, 2016)
While he babbled happily at his family and nurses, Josue never got strong enough to be discharged to his Edgewater, Maryland, home.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
The robotic babble emphasizes the youthful autocratic ideology that often propels manifestoes.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: vi. 喋喋不休; 作潺潺声; 呀呀学语
vt. 含糊不清地说; 泄露
n. 胡言乱语; 含糊不清的话; 潺潺声
时态：babbled, babbling, babbles
分布：潺潺声(33%)，喋喋不休(26%)，含糊不清地说(21%)，含糊不清的声音(10%)，潺潺作声(10%)
→拟声词。
【记】bad ball的连读：坏球！嘴里放一个坏了的粪球，再让你说话！Bab＝baby，le：小孩只会说胡话
【反】express succinctly（简洁表达）
verb
TALK 说话，谈话
intransitive or transitive
■to talk or say something in a quick, confused, excited or silly way 牙牙学语，含糊不清地说；兴奋地说；胡言乱语
• The children babbled excitedly among themselves. 孩子们聚在一起，兴奋地说个没完没了。
• She was babbling something about her ring being stolen. 她含糊不清地说着话，好像是说她的戒指被人偷了。
['bæb.l] verb
WATER NOISE 水声
intransitive literary
■(of a stream) to make the low, continuous noise of water flowing over stones （小溪）潺潺作响，潺潺声
• They rested a while by a babbling brook. 他们在潺潺作响的小溪边休息了一会儿。
['bæb.l] noun uncountable
■a continuous low or confused sound, especially the sound of several people talking 乱哄哄的低沉声音（尤指多人唧唧喳喳的说话声）
• I could hear the babble of voices in the next room. 我可以听到隔壁房里的嘈杂声。
vi. 喋喋不休；呀呀学语；作潺潺声
 - harp on, go on about sth
vt. 含糊不清地说；泄露
 - reveal, divulge
n. 含糊不清的话；胡言乱语；潺潺声
 - riddlemeree, balderdash

Word: axiom
Front: axiom
[ˈæksiəm] (宝 16970/16834)
Vocabulary: axiom
(once / 1886 pages)
1n 2n
An axiom is a statement that everyone believes is true, such as "supply equals demand" or "the only constant is change." Mathematicians use axiom to refer to established proofs.
Many axioms are so widely used they become clichés—here's one to help you remember what the word means. Axioms are so widely accepted they're seen almost as facts. A police officer interrogating a witness might just as easily say, "Stick to the axioms," as "Stick to the facts, ma'am."
WORD FAMILY
axiom: axiomatic, axiomatical, axioms+/ axiomatic: axiomatically
USAGE EXAMPLES
It reveals, amid Muldoon’s kaleidoscopic variations, the axiom underlying all his poetry: that no categories are truly stable, that everything inhabits a fuzzy in-betweenness.
Slate(Dec 08, 2016)
Never forget this powerful axiom: Patrick Ewing is never not horny.
The Guardian(Nov 15, 2016)
Anyone familiar with the axioms of mountaineering knows this is an essential rule of self-preservation.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 15, 2016)
Back: n. 公理; 自明之理; 原理; 格言
分布：公理(79%)，格言(15%)，自明之理(6%)
→来自词根ag, 做。从实践中总结出来的理论。
公理,真理[axi=worthy(有价值)]
【记】和maxim（n 格言，座右铭）一起记
noun countable formal
■a statement or principle which is generally accepted to be true, but need not be so （被普遍接受的）公理，原则
• It is a widely held axiom that governments should not negotiate with terrorists. 政府不应与恐怖分子谈判，这是一个普遍认可的原则。
■specialized
■a formal statement or principle in mathematics, science, etc., from which other statements can be obtained （数学、自然科学等的）公理
• Euclid's axioms form the foundation of his system of geometry. 欧几里得公理构成了其几何体系的基础。
n. [数] 公理；格言；自明之理
 - motto, maxim

Word: bauhaus

Word: beastly
Front: beastly
[ˈbi:stli] (27212/21498)
Back: adj. 野兽般的; 凶残的; <口>使人不愉快的; 恶劣的
adv. 非常，极
分布：残忍的(45%)，非常(28%)，如兽的(9%)，令人不愉快的(9%)，恶劣的(9%)
['bi:st.li] old-fashioned
adjective
■unkind or unpleasant 恶劣的；讨厌的，令人不快的
• Why are you being so beastly to me? 你为甚么对我这样恶劣？
• We've had beastly weather all summer. 我们这里的天气在整个夏天里都很恶劣。
adj. 野蛮的；残忍的；可恶的
 - wild, cruel, brutal
adv. 极，非常
 - extremely, badly, highly, greatly, too

Word: belongings
Front: belongings
[bɪˈlɒŋɪŋz] (宝 9215/9835 -1)
Back: n. 动产; 财物; 家眷; 亲属
分布：东西(52%)，财产(35%)，所有物(11%)，物件(2%)
US [-'lɑ:ŋ-] plural noun
 IMPROVER
■the things that a person owns, especially those which can be carried 拥有物；行李
• I put a few personal belongings in a bag and left the house for the last time. 我把几件私人物品放进袋子里，永别了那所房子。
n. [经] 财产，所有物；亲戚
 - estate, property, treasure, possession, worth

Word: barnard

Word: brusque
Front: brusque
[bru:sk] (宝 21819/20023)
Vocabulary: brusque
(once / 2104 pages)
adj
If you ask a salesperson for help finding something and all you get in response is a brusque "Everything's out on the shelves," you'll probably take your business elsewhere. A brusque manner of speaking is unfriendly, rude, and very brief.
Brush and brusque are not related, but they sound similar––when someone is brusque, you often feel that they are trying to give you the "brush off." Near synonyms for brusque are curt, short, and gruff. Brusque (pronounced "brusk") was borrowed from the French word meaning "lively, fierce," from Italian brusco "coarse, rough."
WORD FAMILY
brusque: brusquely, brusqueness, brusquer, brusquest
USAGE EXAMPLES
Another day, a colleague addressed me by name, which is what passes for cordial in a brusque newsroom.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 14, 2016)
A number of Mr. Reid’s fellow senators remarked on his brusque approach to negotiations, or even to conversations.
Washington Times(Dec 08, 2016)
“He was a little brusque, but we respected that and kind of needed that.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: adj. 粗鲁的，莽撞的; 唐突; 疾言厉色
分布：唐突的(60%)，鲁莽的(40%)
→词源不详。可能同brush, 刷子, broom, 金雀花，扫帚。形容不分皂白的，唐突的。
【记】1）源于意大利语brusco[粗野的，粗鲁的]－唐突鲁莽的2）读：不如死磕。动不动就要与人死磕－唐突鲁莽的3）brus＝brut野兽－粗鲁无礼的
US [brʌsk] adjective
■quick and rude in manner or speech 粗鲁的，唐突的
• His secretary was rather brusque with me. 他秘书对我的态度很粗鲁。
adj. 唐突的；直率的；无礼的
 - short, explicit, naked, frank

Word: bola
Front: bola
['bəʊlə] (40682/-)
Back: n. 流星锤，套牛绳
分布：流星锤(100%)
n. 流星锤（捕牛时使用的）；两端系有铅坠的绳子（等于bolas）
 - meteor hammer

Word: bloodstained
Front: bloodstained
['blʌdsteɪnd] (-/21452)
Back: adj. 血污的，犯杀人罪的
分布：犯杀人罪的(55%)，染着血的(45%)
adjective
■with marks of blood on it 有血迹的，沾染着血的
• Bloodstained clothing was found near the scene. 在现场附近发现了沾有血迹的衣服。
adj. 血污的；犯杀人罪的；血腥的
 - sanguinary
v. 血染（bloodstain的过去式和过去分词）
 - ensanguined

Word: brimstone
Front: brimstone
[ˈbrɪmstəʊn] (24208/33239)
Back: n. 硫黄
分布：硫黄(100%)
→brim, 燃烧，来自burn 变体。stone，石头。
US [-stoʊn] old use
noun uncountable
■the chemical sulphur 硫磺
n. 硫磺；悍妇
 - sulfur, brenstone

Word: brandy
Front: brandy
[ˈbrændi] (研四六 10392/5799 -1)
Back: n. 白兰地酒
v. 把…在白兰地酒中浸泡
分布：白兰地酒(97%)，以白兰地酒调制(3%)
→缩写自brandywine. brandy, 词源同brand, 燃烧。wine, 酒。
n.白兰地酒The grandson branded the brandy randomly.孙子给白兰地随机地打上烙印.
noun countable or uncountable
 ADVANCED
■a strong alcoholic drink made from wine and sometimes flavoured with fruits 白兰地
n. [食品] 白兰地酒
 - eau de vie, Nantz

Word: briefcase
Front: briefcase
[ˈbri:fkeɪs] (研雅 7660/10338 -1)
Back: n. 公文包; 手提包; 公事包; 手提箱
分布：公文包(100%)
→brief, 公文，报告。case, 箱子。
n.手提箱,公事皮包I was in such a hurry that I left my briefcase at home.我太匆忙了,以致于将公事包留在家里.
noun countable
■a rectangular case, used especially for carrying business documents 公事包 ，公事包
n. 公文包
 - portfolio, attache case

Word: carat
Front: carat
[ˈkærət] (托宝 22187/17772 -1)
Vocabulary: carat
(once / 10190 pages)
n
Precious jewels are measured in carats instead of ounces or grams. If your sister gets a three-carat diamond ring, she's getting a ring that weighs 600mg, which is big enough to be called "a rock."
A variant of carat is karat. The former is usually used with diamonds and is a measure of weight, whereas the latter is usually used for gold and is a measure of purity. One karat is 1/24th of the mass, so 24-karat gold is pure. An 18-karat gold ring is 18/24 (or 3/4) gold and 6/24 (or 1/4) other metals.
WORD FAMILY
carat: carats
USAGE EXAMPLES
The top lot at its semi-annual Geneva sale, the stone weighs 9.14 carats and is graded fancy vivid pink, the highest possible color grading.
Reuters(Nov 15, 2016)
However, the navy exercises CARAT, or cooperation afloat readiness and training, and Phiblex, a marine amphibious landing exercise, would be ditched, he said.
Reuters(Nov 08, 2016)
So far De Beers’s Namibian operations have mined some 16 million carats at sea and about 62 million carats on land.
Wall Street Journal(Oct 20, 2016)
Back: n. （宝石的重量单位）克拉; ，（金子）开（以纯金为24开表示金含量的单位）; =karat
分布：克拉(95%)，=karat.(5%)
→来自ker, 角，词源同horn，carob。源自历史上用角豆树（carob）种子测量黄金或宝石含量，后用作黄金纯度单位。
【参】karate（n 空手道），caret（n 加字符号）
US ['ker-] noun countable
■a unit for measuring the weight of jewels (= precious stones) 克拉，卡（宝石的重量单位）
■UK (US karat)
■a unit for measuring how pure gold is 开（黄金的纯度单位）
• 24-carat gold is the purest. 24开的黄金是最纯的。
n. [宝] [计量] 克拉（等于karat）
 - karat

Word: cecilia
Front: cecilia
[siˈsiljə] (-/17072)
Back: n. 塞西莉亚(f.)
分布：名词(100%)

Word: clubby
Front: clubby
['klʌbɪ] (28880/-)
Back: adj. 俱乐部的，喜交际的，资格要求严的
分布：爱交际的(52%)，排外性的(16%)，像俱乐部的(16%)，资格要求很严的(16%)
adj. 排外的；俱乐部的；爱交际的；资格要求严的
 - exclusive, antiforeign

Word: cessation
Front: cessation
[seˈseɪʃn] (宝 14248/14334 -1)
Vocabulary: cessation
(once / 1491 pages)
n
Cessation is an end to something, such as the stopping of a bad habit, like the cessation of smoking.
Cessation and cease sound alike and have similar meanings because they both come from the Latin word cessare, which means "to delay, to stop." The cessation can be permanent, such as when the protests resulted in the cessation of the use of baby bunnies to test lipsticks (forever ending the bunny torture); or temporary, such as the cessation of the rain during the storm that let us run to the car without getting wet (but rain, like sunshine, always comes back).
WORD FAMILY
cessation: cessations+/ cease: ceased, ceaseless, ceases, ceasing, cessation / ceaseless: ceaselessly, ceaselessness/ceasing: unceasing/unceasing: unceasingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
For the major countries and military groups fighting in Syria, the cessation in hostilities reveals a variety of interests.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Their gradual military escalation and counter-escalation was the principal reason for the ultimate collapse of the February cessation of hostilities agreement.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
He says the cessation of hostilities is “extremely welcome” and urged Syria’s government to allow the U.N. in with supplies to meet humanitarian needs.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. （暂时）停止，休止，中断
分布：终止(100%)
→来自词根cede, 走，离开，词源同cease, cession.
停止,中止[cess=stop(停止)]
【反】perseverance（n 坚定不移）；commencement（n 开始）；start（n 动身；开始）；continuation（n 继续；延长）
[ses'eɪ.ʃən] formal
noun countable or uncountable
■ending or stopping 结束；停止；中断，中止
• Religious leaders have called for a total cessation of the bombing campaign. 宗教领袖都呼吁彻底停止这次轰炸行动。
⇒ See also cease
n. 停止；中止；中断
 - stop, break, stay, hang, stand

Word: bucolic
Front: bucolic
[bju:ˈkɒlɪk] (宝 19044/37859)
Vocabulary: bucolic
(once / 8353 pages)
adjn
As an adjective, bucolic refers to an ideal country life that many yearn for. If your parents wanted to raise you in a bucolic environment, you may find yourself living 45 minutes away from the nearest movie theater or person your age. Not ideal.
You wouldn’t know it to look at it, but bucolic is a distant relation of cow, and all bucolic’s meanings can be connected to the bovine creature. Bucolic ultimately comes from the Greek boukolos, cowherd or herdsman. A bucolic could be a short poem about pastoral (cow) life or a country person, who is stereotyped as a cowherd. Used as an adjective, bucolic can refer to an idealized rural life (think life with cows) or to herdsmen (more cows). And that’s no bull.
WORD FAMILY
bucolic: bucolically, bucolicly, bucolics
USAGE EXAMPLES
There are stunning vistas of rugged, bucolic coastal inlets.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Today, the Lovings’ Caroline County is still a bucolic area where farming and timber are the main industries.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
That fall, she wrangled an artist residency at Gibraltar Point, on bucolic Toronto Island.
The Guardian(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: adj. 牧民生活的，田园风味的，乡村风味的
n. 牧歌; 田园诗; 农民; 牧人
分布：牧羊的(44%)，乡村的(28%)，牧民的(14%)，田园的(14%)
→词根bu, 牛，同bovine. 词根col, 转，耕作，同agriculture, 农耕，农业文化。
牧场的,田园的(buc+olie表形容词)[bu=ox,表示"牛"]
【记】bu＝bull（n 公牛），co＝cow（n 母牛）－养牛的－乡村的
【反】urban（adj 城市的）；sophisticated（adj 久经世故的）
US [-'kɑ:.lɪk] literary
adjective
■relating to the countryside 田园的，乡村的
• The painting shows a typically bucolic scene with peasants harvesting crops in a field. 这幅画描绘了农夫们在田里收割庄稼的情形，展现了典型的田园风光。
adj. 牧歌的；牧羊的；乡下风味的
 - idyllic
n. 田园诗；农夫
 - farmer, idyll

Word: chlorine
Front: chlorine
[ˈklɔ:ri:n] (9549/10697 -1)
Back: n. [化]氯
分布：氯(100%)
→来自ghel, 发光，照耀，词源同gall, gold. -ine, 衍生物化学名词。因其看起来呈现黄绿色而得名。
US ['klɔ:r.i:n] noun uncountable
■a greenish-yellow gas with a strong smell, which is added to water in order to kill organisms that might cause infection 氯，氯气
• The chlorine in the pool makes my eyes sore. 游泳池里的氯气刺得我眼睛发痛。
n. [化学] 氯（17号化学元素）
 - Cl

Word: concussion
Front: concussion
[kənˈkʌʃn] (宝 12161/21275)
Vocabulary: concussion
(once / 1698 pages)
n
A concussion is a violent blow, especially to the head, that often injures the brain or causes a loss of consciousness — an all-too-frequent occurrence, unfortunately, in contact sports like football or boxing.
First used around 1400, concussion originates from the Latin concussionem, which means "a shaking." Your brain certainly gets "a shaking" when you take a heavy blow to the head, which sometimes causes injury or permanent damage. It's not just people, though, who get concussions; a building can also suffer from a concussion during an earthquake.
WORD FAMILY
concussion: concussions+/concuss: concussed, concussing, concussion
USAGE EXAMPLES
But then Savage suffered a concussion during Sunday’s defeat at Tennessee.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
But Savage’s status for this week is in question after he suffered a concussion in the second quarter of a loss to Tennessee on Sunday.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Receiver Marin Jones was evaluated late in the game for a concussion, but returned to play.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 震荡; 脑震荡; 冲击; 震动
分布：脑震荡(94%)，震动(6%)
冲击,震荡(con全部+cuss+ion→全部摇动→震荡)[cuss=shake,表示"摇动"]
【记】con共同，cuss震动－震荡
【参】percussion（n 撞击，震动）；discussion（n 讨论）
noun uncountable
■temporary damage to the brain caused by a fall or hit on the head or by violent shaking 脑震荡
• He's been a bit dizzy and confused since the accident. Do you think it's mild concussion? 发生事故以来，他一直有点头晕和思维混乱。你觉得那是不是轻微脑震荡？
n. 冲击； [医] 震荡；脑震荡
 - brunt, impingement

Word: cornucopia
Front: cornucopia
[ˌkɔ:njuˈkəʊpiə] (宝 21423/32658)
Vocabulary: cornucopia
(once / 12455 pages)
n
A grocery store with a large selection of fruits and vegetables could be said to have a cornucopia of produce. A cornucopia is a lot of good stuff.
Around Thanksgiving in the United States, you'll often see cornucopias or horn-shaped baskets filled with fruit and other goodies as centerpieces. Originally, a cornucopia was a goat's horn filled with corn and fruit to symbolize plenty. Nowadays, a cornucopia is probably made of some kind of plaster or wicker, but it still symbolizes the same thing — a good harvest season.
WORD FAMILY
cornucopia: cornucopias
USAGE EXAMPLES
Why in the world would a person who lived in the thick of the Parisian cinematic cornucopia need to own a VCR and rent videotapes?
The New Yorker(Dec 06, 2016)
A third option is developing farther down the road in Abu Dhabi, where a cornucopia of long-delayed museum projects is finally coming to fruition.
New York Times(Nov 22, 2016)
But Myanmar remains a cornucopia of natural resources, and it is welcoming foreign investment as one of Asia’s last economic frontiers.
Seattle Times(Nov 14, 2016)
Back: n. 丰饶角（象征丰饶的羊角，角内呈现满溢的鲜花、水果等）
分布：丰饶角(68%)，富饶之源(16%)，宝藏(16%)
→corn, 同horn, 角。copia, 大量，丰富，词源同copy. 来自希腊神话中宙斯为报答母山羊Amalthea的养育之恩，赐予这只山羊羊角提供取之不尽的物品的神力。
丰饶角(corn+u+cop丰富+ia表示物→表示丰富的角→丰饶角;记：copious大量的)[corn=horn表示"角"]
丰饶角(cornu角+cop丰富+ia)[-ia 1.表名词"某种病"2.表名词"总称,状态"]
丰富;丰饶角(corn角+u+cop+ia→象征丰收的角→丰饶角)[cop=abundance(丰富)]
【记】corn角，copia＝copy丰富－象征丰饶的角
【参】copious（adj 丰富的）
【反】lack＝dearth（n 缺乏；短缺）；pittance（n 少量；微薄的薪俸）
US [ˌkɔ:r.njə'koʊ-] formal
noun only singular
■a large amount of something; a great supply 丰盛，大量
• The table held a veritable cornucopia of every kind of food or drink you could want. 桌子上吃的喝的应有尽有，十分丰盛。

Word: cryptic
Front: cryptic
[ˈkrɪptɪk] (托宝 14482/15084 -1)
Vocabulary: cryptic
(once / 5477 pages)
adj
"White bunny. Moon. Square." Do you understand what that means? Of course not! It's totally cryptic. Cryptic comments or messages are hard to understand because they seem to have a hidden meaning.
Cryptic is from Late Latin crypticus, from Greek kryptikos, from kryptos "hidden." This Greek adjective is the source of our English word crypt, referring to a room under a church in which dead people are buried. That might account for why the word cryptic has an eerie tone to it.
WORD FAMILY
cryptic: cryptical, cryptically
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Trump and his people need to explain the basis of his cryptic tweet. What does he mean by expand, and at what cost?”
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Drenched in Champagne, he looked weirdly natty as he offered a cryptic smile.
New York Times(Oct 12, 2016)
She shared news of the single with her 82 million Twitter followers, with the cryptic comment: "Z | T | 50".
BBC(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: adj. 神秘的; 隐藏的; 有隐含意义的; 使用密码的
分布：秘密的(55%)，隐秘的(25%)，用密码的(10%)，隐晦的(10%)
秘密的;难解的(crypt+ic→秘密的)[crypt=secret,hidden,表示"秘密,隐藏"]
【参】apocrypha（n 伪经）；cryptogram（n 密码）
【反】self-explanatory（adj 不言自明的）
adjective
■mysterious and difficult to understand 神秘的，隐秘的；有隐义的；费解的
• I received a cryptic message through the post. 我收到一封含义隐晦的信。
adj. 神秘的，含义模糊的； [动] 隐藏的
 - mysterious, hidden, latent

Word: concentric
Front: concentric
[kənˈsentrɪk] (托宝 16458/15910)
Vocabulary: concentric
(once / 5019 pages)
adj
Concentric describes something, like circles, that have a common center.
Concentric is from the Latin word concentricus, from com ("together") plus centrum ("center" or "circle"). So, concentric things have a center in common. If you play darts, you aim for the smallest red dot of those colorful concentric circles. Although it's usually used to describe circles, ideas can also be concentric if they have a common point, such as when your dreams revolve around a concentric theme of flying. The opposite word is eccentric ("not having a common center") like that oddball neighbor you have nothing in common with.
WORD FAMILY
concentric: concentrical, concentrically, concentricity, nonconcentric
USAGE EXAMPLES
Then there is the curious kind with concentric fuchsia stripes inside, revealed when the beet is cut horizontally.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
“Listen, this is not Bush 41 or Bush 43 or Mitt Romney. This is a President-elect who gets information directly. He works in concentric circles.”
Wall Street Journal(Nov 18, 2016)
Many have concentric bands like tree rings, which formed as the crystals grew in an ever-changing bath of liquid magma.
Science Magazine(Nov 17, 2016)
Back: adj. 同一中心的，同轴的
adv. 同一中心地，同轴地
分布：同轴的(50%)，同中心的(50%)
同中心的(con+centric中心的)[com-,con-表示"共同"]
同心的;集中的(con共同＋centric→同中心的)[centr=center,表示"中心"]
【记】con共同，centr中心－同心的
【参】eccentric（adj 古怪的）
adjective
■describes circles and rings that have the same centre （指圆）同心的
• a concentric pattern 同心圆图案
adj. [电] 同轴的；同中心的
 - co-axial, in-line

Word: concomitant
Front: concomitant
[kənˈkɒmɪtənt] (托宝 14816/15988)
Vocabulary: concomitant
(once / 4766 pages)
adjn
Concomitant means accompanying. If you run into someone that you have a crush on you might feel nervousness with a concomitant forgetfulness.
Concomitant is one of those Latin-based words you can break down into little pieces: con means with, and comit means companion. So something that is concomitant is like the companion of the main event. If you start training really hard at the gym, the main effect is that you become stronger, but there are concomitant effects, like better circulation, or a rosy glow, or getting happy from all those endorphins you’re releasing.
WORD FAMILY
concomitant: concomitance, concomitantly, concomitants+/concomitance: concomitances
USAGE EXAMPLES
The state is growing quickly and our aging infrastructure can’t accommodate the concomitant population increase.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
A passing interest in flatulence, of all unlikely topics, links “The Children” to the concomitant work playing in the Royal Court’s studio-sized upstairs space.
New York Times(Dec 02, 2016)
Only big, highly profitable multinational corporations tend to get these kind of bespoke deals and the concomitant attention.
Slate(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. 伴随的，同时发生或出现的
n. 伴随发生的事; 伴随物; 共存
分布：相伴的(40%)，共存的(25%)，附随的(21%)，附随物(14%)
→con-, 强调。com-, 一起。-it, 走，词源同exit, itinerary. 即在一起走的，伴随的。
【记】con共同，comit＝come来－共同来－伴随而来
【参】comity（n 礼貌）；comely（adj 美丽动人的）
US [-'kɑ:.mə.tˌənt] formal
noun countable
■something that happens with something else and is connected with it 同时发生的事；伴随物
• Loss of memory is a natural concomitant of old age. 上年纪后记忆力自然会随之衰退。
UK [kən'kɒm.ɪ.tənt] US [-'kɑ:.mə.tˌənt] formal
adjective
■happening and connected with another thing 同时发生的；伴随的，相伴的
• Any increase in students meant a concomitant increase in funding. 学生的增加意味着经费也要随之增加。
adj. [数] 相伴的；共存的；附随的
 - accompanied, codependent
n. 伴随物
 - accompaniment

Word: deviant
Front: deviant
[ˈdi:viənt] (宝 14570/10811 -1)
Vocabulary: deviant
(once / 55752 pages)
nadj
A deviant is someone whose behavior falls far outside of society's norms; as an adjective, deviant can describe the behavior itself. For example, a fifty-year-old punk rocker has a deviant appearance, compared to his peers.
That aging punk deviates, or departs from the norm, of people his age. Both deviant and deviate come from the Latin word deviare, meaning "to turn out of the way." Deviants experience this turning away from society, either by choice, or in the case of someone who has harmed another, perhaps by sexual abuse, by being cast out by people who want nothing to do with them.
WORD FAMILY
deviant: deviantly, deviants
USAGE EXAMPLES
But such an approach almost always ends up punishing the mistress and not the deviant spouse.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 25, 2016)
There is this idea that black people are not to be trusted, that black people are criminals, thieves, deviant.
New York Times(Nov 16, 2016)
“Within the dominant scientific narrative, the European body is the standard and indigenous bodies are thought of as biologically deviant,” TallBear says.
Science Magazine(Nov 15, 2016)
Back: n. 不正常的人，异常的人
adj. 不正常的，异常的; 离经叛道的
分布：不正常的(58%)，离经叛道的(28%)，异常的人(14%)
→de-, 向下，离开。-vi, 路，词源同way, trivia.
adjective (US also deviate)
■describes a person or behaviour that is not usual and is generally considered to be unacceptable 怪异的，异常的；离谱的
['di:.vi.ənt] noun countable
■someone whose behaviour, especially sexual behaviour, is deviant 行为不正常的思（尤指性变态者）
• a sexual deviant 性变态者
n. 不正常者；偏移值；变异物
 - deviation value
adj. 不正常的；离经叛道的
 - flooey

Word: dentistry
Front: dentistry
[ˈdentɪstri] (托 19167/23091 -1)
Back: n. 牙医业; 牙医学; 牙科医术
分布：牙医术(100%)
US [-tˌɪ-] noun uncountable
■the work of a dentist 牙科医术；牙医的工作
n. [口腔] 牙科学；牙医业
 - odontology

Word: digestion
Front: digestion
[daɪˈdʒestʃən] (托宝 13954/9262 -1)
Vocabulary: digestion
(once / 867 pages)
n
Digestion is the process your body goes through to break the food you eat into substances that it can absorb and use. Chewing is an important first step in digestion, because your teeth make food small enough to swallow.
Your digestion isn't usually something you spend much time thinking about, unless you eat something that upsets your digestion — then the process can be uncomfortable. You can also describe the breakdown of other types of material — when it's exposed to chemicals or bacteria, for example — as digestion. A figurative kind of digestion happens when you think through complicated information and begin to make sense of it all.
WORD FAMILY
digestion: digestions, indigestion, self-digestion+/ digest: digested, digester, digestible, digesting, digestion, digestive, digests, predigest/digested: undigested/digester: digesters/digestibility: digestibilities/digestible: digestibility, digestibleness, digestibly, indigestible, nondigestible/digestive: digestively, digestives/indigestible: indigestibility, indigestibleness, indigestibly/ indigestion: indigestions/predigest: predigested, predigesting
USAGE EXAMPLES
Plus, walking after a big holiday meal will help aid digestion.
Time(Dec 01, 2016)
“It’s been a digestion period — coming in and watching everything,” he said.
Washington Post(Nov 17, 2016)
Provided you have a commitment to green vegetables and water, the rhythms of digestion enforce a routine meditation practice.
New York Times(Nov 10, 2016)
Back: n. 消化，领悟; 消化能力; 细菌分解; （精神上的）同化吸收，融会贯通
分布：消化(90%)，吸收(8%)，领悟(2%)
消化(digest+ion)[gest,gister=carry,bring,表示"带来,产生"]
【记】digest（v 消化；n 文摘）
noun countable or uncountable
 ADVANCED
■when your body digests food, or your ability to digest food 消化；消化能力
• a poor/good/strong digestion 消化能力差／好／强
• Discover how eating raw food helps balance your body and aids digestion. 弄清楚为甚么生吃食物有助于身体的营养平衡并能促进消化。
n. [生理] 消化；领悟
 - realization, slaking

Word: desirability
Front: desirability
[dɪˌzaɪərə'bɪlətɪ] (14608/11789)
Back: n. 愿望，希求
分布：有利条件(100%)
US [dɪˌzaɪr.ə'bɪl.ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
SEXUAL NEED 性需要
■the quality of being sexually attractive 性感
• She need have no doubts about her desirability. 她不必怀疑自己的性感。
UK [dɪˌzaɪə.rə'bɪl.ɪ.ti] US [dɪˌzaɪr.ə'bɪl.ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
WANT 渴求
■the quality of being worth having 欲求；希求
• Too much emphasis is placed on the desirability of being thin. 人们过于追求苗条身材。
n. 愿望；有利条件；值得向往的事物；合意
 - asset, voice, advantage, dream, consensus

Word: cudgel
Front: cudgel
[ˈkʌdʒl] (31492/33412)
Vocabulary: cudgel
(once / 2563 pages)
nv
A cudgel is a thick club or stick, used to attack or defend against an attacker. A rioting mob might be armed with cudgels.
A cudgel is a rough kind of weapon — the club a police officer carries, for example, is more likely to be called a baton or a truncheon. An angry protester might wield a cudgel, or a burglar might carry one along during a robbery. The Old English root of cudgel is cycgel, "club with a rounded head," possibly from the Proto-Indo-European geu, "to curve or to bend."
WORD FAMILY
cudgel: cudgeled, cudgeling, cudgelled, cudgelling, cudgels
USAGE EXAMPLES
But Taiwan deserves better than to be used as a cudgel or a bargaining chip.
The Guardian(Dec 16, 2016)
Here’s a timely example of why a cudgel often is necessary to get a government agency to comply with the law.
Washington Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Conservative politicians and the fever swamps of the right wing used the term “Solyndra” as a cudgel to beat Obama over his head for years.
Salon(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: n. 棍棒
vt. 用棍棒打
时态：cudgelled, cudgelling, cudgels
分布：棒(60%)，短棍(32%)，棒打(8%)
→来自geu,弯，转，大块，词源同cob,cod,cog.
noun countable
■a short heavy stick used for hitting people （打人用的）粗短棒，短棍
['kʌdʒ.əl] noun countable
cudgel your brains UK old-fashioned
■to think very hard or try to remember something you have forgotten 绞尽脑汁，冥思苦想
['kʌdʒ.əl] noun countable
take up the cudgels for/against sb/sth UK old-fashioned
■to argue strongly in support of, or against, someone or something 坚决拥护／反对
• Relatives have taken up the cudgels for two British women accused of murder. 亲属们极力为两名被控谋杀的英国女子辩护。
['kʌdʒ.əl] verb transitive (-ll- or US USUALLY -l-)
■to hit someone with a cudgel 棒打，用棍棒打
vt. 用棍棒打
 - club, fustigate
n. 棍棒
 - club, billy

Word: dimmer
Front: dimmer
['dɪmə] (26848/35305)
Back: n. 调光器
adj. 暗淡的( dim的比较级 ); 不光明的; 看不清的; （性质和特征上）不显著的
分布：调光器(85%)，车头短焦距光(15%)
n. [车辆] [电] 调光器；光暗掣；衰减器
 - attenuator, attenuation pad

Word: enumerate
Front: enumerate
[ɪˈnju:məreɪt] (托宝 15043/19861)
Vocabulary: enumerate
(once / 709 pages)
v
To enumerate is to list or count off one by one. Before you ask for a raise, you'd better be able to enumerate all the reasons why you deserve more money.
Tally, total, add up, compute — however you put it, enumerate is basically just another way to say "count." As in, "How do I love thee? Let me enumerate the ways." This verb came about in the 1610’s as a variation on the Latin enumerates, which means “to reckon up or count over.” To quote Paul Valery, the French critic, essayist, and poet, “Science is feasible when the variables are few and can be enumerated; when their combinations are distinct and clear."
WORD FAMILY
enumerate: enumerable, enumerated, enumerates, enumerating, enumeration, enumerator+/ enumeration: enumerations/enumerator: enumerators
USAGE EXAMPLES
He enumerated problems, pointing down Fruitvale Avenue, where homeless seniors live in their cars.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Course catalogues from Kairos and Esalen during these years enumerate dozens of popular methods for expanding and experimenting with consciousness.
The New Yorker(Dec 09, 2016)
Yet in contrast to LeWitt, who explicitly enumerated the mathematical or geometric rules that determined his drawings, Darboven never let order supersede invention.
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: vt. 列举，枚举，数
时态：enumerated, enumerating, enumerates
分布：枚举(55%)，列举(32%)，数(13%)
→e-, 向外。number, 数字，数数。
列举;点数(e出+numer+ate→按数列出→列举)[numer=number,表示"数目"]
【记】number（n 数量；数字）
US [-'nu:.mɚ.eɪt] formal
verb transitive
■to name things separately, one by one 列举，枚举
• He enumerated the benefits of the insurance scheme. 他列出了这项保险方案的种种益处。
vt. [计] 列举；枚举；计算
 - cast, specify, figure

Word: employable
Front: employable
[ɪmˈplɔɪəbl] (27984/36503)
Back: adj. 称职的，有资格任职的
分布：有资格任职的(40%)，适宜雇用的(40%)，有资格任职的人(20%)
adjective
■having enough skills and abilities for someone to employ you 具备受雇条件的；适宜雇用的
• Computer skills make you far more employable. 电脑技能会使你在求职时极具优势。

Word: driller
Front: driller
['drɪlə] (25033/45278)
Back: n. 钻孔者，钻孔机; 钻工; 司钻
分布：钻床(51%)，钻孔机(37%)，钻探工(12%)
n. [机] 钻床， [矿业] 钻孔机；钻孔者
 - drilling machines, punching machine

Word: duct
Front: duct
[dʌkt] (宝 8636/10744 -1)
Vocabulary: duct
(once / 3740 pages)
n
A duct is a pipe, tube, or tunnel through which water can flow. If there's a leaking duct in your kitchen, you may need to patch it or replace it — in any event, you should probably call a plumber.
Liquids can move through a duct, and when the duct is in a person's body, like a tear duct or a pancreatic duct, it has the same purpose — tears, for example, flow through tear ducts. Some ducts aid the flow of substances other than liquids, like the air ducts that blow warm air from your furnace into the rooms of your house. Duct tape, often incorrectly called "duck tape," is tape that's used for repairing ducts.
WORD FAMILY
duct: ductless, ducts
USAGE EXAMPLES
You will need to cut into the ceiling drywall, but only directly under the ducts.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Duodenoscopes are threaded down a patient’s throat to diagnose and treat digestive tract problems such as gallstones, cancers and bile duct blockages.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 19, 2016)
And they conformed to the style of the exposed ducts on the ceiling.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 管，导管; （电线，电缆等的）管道
vt. 用导管输送; 用管道供应
分布：管道(57%)，导管(41%)，用导管输送(2%)
→来自deuk, 引导，词源同deduce, conduct.
管,导管[duc,duct=lead,bring,表示"引导,带来"]
【参】ductile（adj 易延展的；易教导的；柔软的）；induction（n 就职；入伍）
noun countable
■a tube or pipe that carries liquid or air, especially in and out of buildings or through the body 管道，管线；（人体的）管，导管
• Most office buildings have dozens of air ducts and vents. 大多数办公楼都有很多通风管道和通风口。
• People with blocked tear ducts cannot cry. 泪管阻塞者流不出眼泪。
n. 输送管， [生物] 导管
 - conveying pipe, conveyer pipe

Word: formaldehyde
Front: formaldehyde
[fɔ:ˈmældɪhaɪd] (19919/24493)
Back: n. 甲醛; 福尔马林，甲醛水溶液
分布：甲醛(100%)
→缩写自formic aldehyde. formic, 蚁酸。aldehyde,醛，脱水酒精，来自dehydrogenated alcohol.
n. 蚁醛， [有化] 甲醛
 - methanal

Word: forecourt
Front: forecourt
[ˈfɔ:kɔ:t] (34400/14899)
Back: n. 前院，<美>（篮球）前（场）球
分布：前院(100%)
→fore-,在前。court, 庭院。
US ['fɔ:r.kɔ:rt] noun countable
■a flat area in front of a large building （大型建筑物的）前院，前庭
• the garage forecourt 车库的前院
specialized
■the area next to the net in sports such as tennis （网球场等的）前场
n. 前院；前场
 - parvis, frontcourt

Word: fen
Front: fen
[fen] (26156/8339 -1)
Vocabulary: fen
(once / 3232 pages)
1n 2n
A fen is a marshy area — a damp, grassy area of ground. If your entire back yard is a fen, you'll want to wear tall rubber boots when you walk your dog.
A fen is similar to a marsh, a mire, a swamp, or a bog. In all of these wetland ecosystems, the water level tends to rise and fall, leaving them constantly soggy to some degree. Fens are distinguished by the kinds of plants that grow there, including tall grasses and moss, and by the acidity of the water. The word fen comes from the Old English fenn, which means "mud, mire, dirt, or marsh."
WORD FAMILY
fen: fens
USAGE EXAMPLES
Restrictions remain in place around Austen Fen Farm, near Louth.
BBC(Dec 20, 2016)
Dorothy L Sayers was inspired by the isolation of the Fens for one of my favourite books, The Nine Tailors.
BBC(Oct 31, 2016)
The picture, which was taken last summer at Coe Fen, was spotted by the Guardian’s US opinion editor David Shariatmadari.
The Guardian(Sep 15, 2016)
Back: n. 沼泽; 沼泽群落
分布：沼泽(100%)
→来自pen, 沼泽。
[fen] (also fenland)
noun countable or uncountable
■an area of low flat wet land 沼泽地带，湿地
• areas of marsh and fen 湿地沼泽地区
• The road to Ely leads out across the fens. 通往伊利的路贯穿沼泽地带。
n. 沼地， [地理] 沼泽；沼泽地区
 - quag, cienaga

Word: fireball
Front: fireball
[ˈfaɪəbɔ:l] (14616/24458)
Back: n. 火球; 大流星; （旧式）燃烧弹; <美口>工作起来劲头十足的人
分布：火流星(100%)
US ['faɪr.bɑ:l] noun countable
■a large ball of fire, especially one caused by a very powerful explosion （尤指猛烈爆炸产生的）火球
• Witnesses reported seeing a huge orange fireball as the oil refinery exploded. 目击者报告说，炼油厂发生爆炸时他们见到了一个巨大的橙红色火球。
n. （热核武器爆炸后在空中出现的） [核] 火球； [天] 大流星；精力充沛的人
 - demon, bolide

Word: fowl
Front: fowl
[faʊl] (六托 16675/14751 -1)
Vocabulary: fowl
(once / 465 pages)
nv
The noun fowl usually means domesticated birds kept for eating or producing eggs. If your friend brings you eggs from the chickens she keeps in her back yard, you can say that she has pet fowl.
Fowl comes from the Old English fugel, "bird," meant simply that — "bird." Today, fowl usually refers specifically to chickens or other kinds of domesticated birds that lay eggs or are raised to be eaten. Occasionally, fowl is used interchangeably with poultry, to mean the flesh of that same kind of bird when it's eaten; you could describe your family as being fond of pork, beef, and fowl.
WORD FAMILY
fowl: fowled, fowler, fowling, fowls+/fowler: fowlers
USAGE EXAMPLES
SAT Walk to learn about water fowl that migrate here, for ages 10 and older, 8 a.m.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
The Perrons first raised Finn sheep along with guinea fowl and heritage turkeys.
Washington Times(Nov 29, 2016)
There were even carving manuals replete with illustrations for serving their favorite roasts, which were almost always wild fowl.
Salon(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: n. 鸡; 家禽
v. 捕鸟; 打鸟; 捕野禽
时态：fowled, fowling, fowls
分布：禽(87%)，禽肉(11%)，猎捕野禽(2%)
→来自fly的拼写异化。
noun countable or uncountable (plural fowl or fowls)
■a bird of a type that is used to produce meat or eggs 家禽
■old use
■any bird 鸟
⇒ See also waterfowl;wildfowl
n. [禽] 家禽；鸟；飞禽
 - bird, poultry

Word: formulaic
Front: formulaic
[ˌfɔ:mjuˈleɪɪk] (20666/37601)
Vocabulary: formulaic
(once / 44268 pages)
adj
Anything formulaic follows a formula or pattern, especially in a mechanical, by-the-numbers way. A formulaic TV show is predictable and probably similar to lots of other shows.
Have you ever noticed how many songs are similar to others? When a song is almost identical to previous songs and it’s not very original at all, it's formulaic. This word usually conveys a lack of imagination. If you call a movie formulaic, you're saying it's so much like other movies that it probably didn't need to be made. A formulaic speech follows a pattern that's been used many times before. The opposite of formulaic is original.
WORD FAMILY
formulaic: formulaically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Scott Farrell, an expert in crisis management and the president of Golin Corporate Communications, said there was no formulaic response.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
The SIS approach, promoted by the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, is more formulaic.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Our critic Stephen Holden writes that in the end, it “becomes a banal, formulaic pastiche of dozens of other like-minded space operas.”
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. （根据）公式的，用俗套话堆砌成的，刻板的
分布：刻板的(50%)，公式的(40%)，俗套的(10%)
US [ˌfɔ:r-] adjective formal
■containing or consisting of fixed and repeated groups of words or ideas 由套话堆砌的；公式化的
• The text was dull and formulaic. 那篇文章乏味且套话连篇。
adj. 公式化的；刻板的；套话堆砌的
 - striped-pants, starchy

Word: grist
Front: grist
[grɪst] (22641/21526)
Back: n. 谷物，尤指磨成粉用（或已磨成粉的）谷物; 碎麦牙
分布：磨粉用的谷物(50%)，有利的东西(50%)
→词源同grit, grind. 指磨的碎麦。常用于短语all grist to sb’s mill, 对某人有用之物。
noun
■UK and Australian grist to the mill / US grist for sb's mill anything that can be used to your advantage 可用来为（某人）谋利的事情；对（某人）有利的事情
• I might as well learn another language, it's all grist to the mill when it comes to getting a job. 我也可以再学一门外语，那样对找工作很有利。
n. 谷物（尤指磨成粉用或已磨成粉的谷物）；酿造用的碎麦芽
 - corn, grain

Word: grimace
Front: grimace
[grɪˈmeɪs] (宝 10865/13332 -1)
Vocabulary: grimace
(once / 1441 pages)
vn
The grimace on her face when he asked her to the prom told him her answer was "no" before she said a word. A grimace is a facial expression that usually suggests disgust or pain, but sometimes comic exaggeration.
Picture someone wrinkling his nose, squeezing his eyes shut, and twisting his mouth and you'll have a pretty solid mental image of a grimace. It can be a verb, as in "the class grimaced at the teacher's suggestion of a pop quiz." Or it words as a noun. "The class gave a grimace when the teacher suggested a pop quiz." Its forerunner was the 17th century Spanish grimazo, meaning caricature, and grima, meaning fright.
WORD FAMILY
grimace: grimaced, grimaces, grimacing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Unwisely tamped down, Mr. Smith delivers a generally monotonal performance flecked with grimaces and frowns.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
With a Rams security official flanked to his right and a grinning Falcons player trailing on his left, Fisher wore a grimace.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 11, 2016)
In Oklahoma, an inmate writhed and grimaced in 2014 before dying; an investigation later found issues with the IV insertion.
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. 鬼脸，怪相; 痛苦的表情
vi. 扮怪相，做鬼脸
时态：grimaced, grimacing, grimaces
分布：鬼脸(55%)，作苦相(14%)，扮鬼脸(14%)，痛苦的表情(14%)，面部的歪扭(3%)
→来自grim, 咆哮，咆哮的脸，引申义鬼脸，怪相。
【记】grim（adj 狰狞可怕的），ace＝face－可怕的脸一鬼脸读：鬼魅s或鬼没死－才有作鬼脸的可能性
verb intransitive
■to make an expression of pain, strong dislike, etc. in which the face twists in an ugly way （因疼痛或厌恶而）做鬼脸，做怪相
• He tried to stand and grimaced with pain. 他试图站起来，结果疼得龇牙咧嘴。
vi. 扮鬼脸；作怪相；作苦相
 - make faces, pull faces
n. 鬼脸；怪相；痛苦的表情
 - moue

Word: gradient
Front: gradient
[ˈgreɪdiənt] (六托 14325/7370 -1)
Vocabulary: gradient
(once / 10924 pages)
n
The gradient of a surface is its slope. If you're a daredevil and you're looking for a road to fly down on your skateboard, you'll want to find one with a fairly steep gradient.
In mathematics, the gradient tells you how steep a line in a graph is. In physics, when you say gradient, you're talking about how quickly something changes from one point to another. The word comes ultimately from the Latin gradus "step," and a gradient gives you a measure of the "steps" by which something changes.
WORD FAMILY
gradient: gradients
USAGE EXAMPLES
His path to a career in professional football ran at a steep gradient to begin with.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
"There is a steep social gradient across the wealth distribution."
BBC(Dec 08, 2016)
And we found similar minimal income-voting gradients when looking at other surveys.
Slate(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. [物]梯度，陡度; （温度、气压等）变化率，梯度变化曲线; <英>（道路的）倾斜度，坡度
adj. 倾斜的; [动]步行的，能步行的
分布：梯度(93%)，坡度(6%)，倾斜度(1%)
→来自grade, 级别，层级。用于科学术语。
步行的n.坡度(grad+ient)[grad=step,grade,表示"步,级"]
['greɪ.di.ənt/ (US also grade)
noun countable
■how steep a slope is 坡度；倾斜度
• a steep/gentle gradient 陡／缓坡
n. [数] [物] 梯度；坡度； [建] 倾斜度
 - obliquity, lean
adj. [建] 倾斜的；步行的
 - walking, raked

Word: gatt

Word: gusher
Front: gusher
[ˈgʌʃə(r)] (宝 29800/47756)
Back: n. 喷油井
分布：自喷井(82%)，迸发出的东西(18%)
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■an oil well from which oil flows without the use of a pump 喷油井；自喷井
n. 喷油井；说话滔滔不绝的人
 - spouter

Word: frankenstein

Word: guff
Front: guff
[gʌf] (34371/37000)
Vocabulary: guff
(once / 27551 pages)
n
Guff is foolishness — it's when you behave or speak in an meaningless or objectionable way. You might dismiss a controversial article by calling it a bunch of guff.
Sometimes guff is defined as "lies," but it can also be simply ridiculous ideas or speech. Your teacher might dismiss your excuse for being late to class by saying, "That story's just a bunch of guff!" The informal guff gets its sense of "empty talk" from its original meaning, "puff of air." An unrelated but interesting kind of guff is the Scottish meaning, "an unpleasant smell."
WORD FAMILY
guff: guffs
USAGE EXAMPLES
I heard it in the cafe at Echo Lake, when a child was admonished, for giving his mother “guff.”
New York Times(Sep 28, 2016)
Brawls are rare in the playoffs, but they happen - the Blue Jays, as we got to see, don’t take no guff.
Washington Times(Oct 03, 2016)
Brawls are rare in the playoffs, but they happen — the Blue Jays, as we got to see, don't take no guff.
US News(Oct 03, 2016)
Back: n. <美俚>胡说，瞎扯，废话
分布：废话(81%)，胡言(19%)
→拟声词，模仿夸夸其谈的声音。
[gʌf] informal
noun uncountable
■speech or writing that is nonsense 胡说八道；胡言乱语；蠢话
n. 废话；胡说，瞎扯
 - poppycock, bushwa

Word: halloween

Word: herculean
Front: herculean
[ˌhɜ:kjəˈli:ən, hɜ:ˈkju:li:-] (托 22524/33301)
Vocabulary: herculean
(once / 5004 pages)
adj
Things that take great strength — like throwing a boulder or finishing math homework — are sometimes called herculean in honor of the Greek god Hercules.
Just like Thursday comes from the Scandinavian god Thor, the god Hercules gave us this word. Herculean was first used to describe Hercules himself, and later applied to anyone or anything who showed similar strength. Herculean can be used in several ways. You can make a herculean effort to accomplish a herculean task. Any job that is a piece of cake — an easy job that that anyone could do — is totally non-herculean. Save this word for jobs that really deserve the label.
WORD FAMILY
Hercules: Herculeses, herculean
USAGE EXAMPLES
Anna Kelsey, my counterpart at the startup x.ai, put our herculean, or maybe Sisyphean, task in cheerful terms.
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
Patrick Fitzgerald, FedEx’s senior vice president of marketing and communications, remembers that it felt like a herculean effort — a big win.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Patrick Fitzgerald, FedEx's senior vice president of marketing and communications, remembers that it felt like a herculean effort — a big win.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: adj. (H-)赫拉克勒斯的; 力大无比的; 骁勇无比的; 艰巨的
分布：力大无比的(75%)，极费力的(25%)
→来自希腊神话英雄Hercules，因完成了十二项被称为不可能完成的任务，因此引申词义艰巨的，费力的。
US [ˌhɝ:-] adjective
■needing great strength and determination 艰巨的，费力的；需要决心的
• a herculean effort 极大的努力
• She faces the herculean task of bringing up four children single-handedly. 她面临独自养育四个孩子的艰巨任务。

Word: hemp
Front: hemp
[hemp] (15017/21272 -1)
Back: n. 大麻; 长纤维的植物; 大麻烟卷; <谑>绞索
adj. 大麻类植物的
分布：大麻制的麻醉药(100%)
→来自古英语haenep,大麻，大麻制品，来自Proto-Germanic*hanapiz,词源同cannabis.
noun uncountable
■a family of plants, some of which are used to make rope and strong rough cloth and others of which are used to get the drug cannabis 麻类植物（其中有些可以用来制绳或粗布，有些可以用来提取毒品大麻）
n. [植] [毒物] 大麻；麻类植物；大麻烟卷
 - marijuana, beng

Word: hedonism
Front: hedonism
[ˈhi:dənɪzəm] (宝 26154/25502)
Vocabulary: hedonism
(once / 11599 pages)
n
Strictly speaking, hedonism is the belief that pursuing pleasure leads to the greatest ethical good. In practice, though, the ethical part sometimes gets lost in the pleasure part.
Hedonism originally hails from the Greek word hedone, meaning "pleasure." In Ancient Greece, hedonism really did have an ethical component, and its adherents really believed that society would be best served if you as an individual cultivated those things that gave you the greatest pleasure, instead of the self-denial inherent in other philosophies and religions. Over time the philosophical aspect of hedonism has faded and we are left an idea that looks to us very much like, well, Las Vegas.
WORD FAMILY
hedonism: hedonist, hedonistic +/ hedonist: hedonists/ hedonistic: hedonistically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Much of “Silence” seems inhibited by Scorsese’s devotion to the subject, as if it risked corruption by the intervention of cinematic hedonism.
The New Yorker(Dec 27, 2016)
“I do think there’s a tendency for hedonism to backfire on you,” Kenrick told me.
Slate(Dec 20, 2016)
There was a phrase being thrown around the Bay Area only half-jokingly: “responsible hedonism”.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. 享乐主义
分布：享乐主义(69%)，快乐主义(20%)，快乐论(11%)
→来自希腊语hedone,甜美，享乐，词源同sweat,-ism,主义，思想。引申词义享乐主义。
享乐主义(hedon愉快)[-ism名词1.表示"主义,宗教"2.表示"学术,流派"3.表示"行为,现象,状态"4.表示"疾病"5.表示"具备某种牲质"]
noun uncountable
■living and behaving in ways that mean you get as much pleasure out of life as possible, according to the belief that the most important thing in life is to enjoy yourself 享乐主义
n. 快乐主义；快乐论
 - tragalism

Word: hormuz

Word: insulator
Front: insulator
[ˈɪnsjuleɪtə(r)] (六 24690/23190)
Vocabulary: insulator
(once / 17881 pages)
n
Any material that keeps energy such as electricity, heat, or cold from easily transferring through is an insulator. Wood, plastic, rubber, and glass are good insulators. Swiss cheese... not so much.
The idea of an insulator comes from the Latin idea of insulātus, which means "to make into an island." This gives rise to the idea of separation, which works for the idea of an insulator, which effectively blocks energy. If your house is built out of good insulators, you might enjoy an island of warmth inside it even in the dead of winter.
WORD FAMILY
insulator: insulators+/ insulate: insulated, insulates, insulating, insulation, insulator / insulation: insulations
USAGE EXAMPLES
My mother offers the best example of the mall’s effectiveness as an insulator.
The Guardian(Dec 14, 2016)
They found few serious safety problems and instead highlighted one-off issues spotted on the tracks — loose fasteners, deteriorated wooden rail ties and decrepit third-rail insulators.
Washington Post(Nov 16, 2016)
In one instance, inspectors attempted to investigate an insulator explosion at Capitol South station — an incident that was recorded on video and widely circulated.
Washington Post(Nov 12, 2016)
Back: n. 绝缘，隔热或隔音等的物质或装置; 隔离者; 隔离物，隔振子，隔电子
分布：绝缘体(94%)，绝热器(6%)
→来自insulate,使隔热，绝缘。
US [-tˌɚ] noun countable
■a material or covering which electricity, heat or sound cannot go through 绝缘体；（隔热或隔音）物
• Generally, plastics tend to be good insulators. 一般说来，塑胶往往是很好的绝缘体。
n. [电] [物] 绝缘体；从事绝缘工作的工人
 - isolater, nonconductor

Word: inalienable
Front: inalienable
[ɪnˈeɪliənəbl] (宝 19812/24336)
Vocabulary: inalienable
(once / 4607 pages)
adj
Something that is yours forever, that can’t be taken away and given to your little brother instead? That something would be called inalienable. The word refers to a natural right that cannot be revoked by an outside force.
The word inalienable is often linked to human rights — you’ve probably heard the term “inalienable rights.” In the Declaration of Independence Thomas Jefferson (using the un- variant) wrote that all men are "endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights" including "life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.” The spelling may vary but the meaning is clear: an inalienable right is something that can’t be given or taken away by a government or another legal power.
WORD FAMILY
inalienable: inalienably+/alienable: inalienable, unalienable / alienate: alienable, alienates, alienating, alienation, alienator/ alienation: alienations/alienator: alienators/ unalienable: unalienably
USAGE EXAMPLES
But, in his view, scientists “have no inalienable right to funding.”
Washington Post(Nov 28, 2016)
And maybe it was overstepping for a “Hamilton” cast member to ask whether Mr. Pence would uphold all of our citizens’ inalienable rights.
Washington Post(Nov 23, 2016)
But Beijing considers it an inalienable part of China.
Seattle Times(Nov 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 不能转让的，不可分割的; 不可剥夺
分布：不可剥夺的(100%)
→in-,不，非，alienable,可分割的。
【记】alienable（adj 可让与的）；alien（adj 外国的；疏远的）in不，alien疏远的，able－不可疏远的－不可分割的
formal
adjective
■unable to be removed 不可剥夺的；不可分割的
• an inalienable right 不可剥夺的权利
adj. 不可分割的；不可剥夺的；不能让与的
 - indissociable, inseparable

Word: insignia
Front: insignia
[ɪnˈsɪgniə] (宝 15592/12151)
Vocabulary: insignia
(once / 3079 pages)
n
An insignia is a badge you wear to show your position or affiliation. If you're an Eagle Scout, you can wear that insignia, or, if you're a Red Sox fan, you might wear the team logo as your insignia.
The word insignia includes the word "sign" — an insignia is a sign that shows your connection to some organization. Military officers wear insignias that indicate their rank. When you watch the president of the United States give a speech, you'll see on the lectern the official presidential insignia — the circular seal with the eagle inside.
WORD FAMILY
insignia: insignias
USAGE EXAMPLES
He sat comfortably, his wheelchair pushed up against the rail, bundled in his red jacket and Chrome insignia hat.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Until a sleek MIG-31 fighter jet suddenly appears in a field, its muscular, stubby wings spreading to reveal their trademark red star insignia.
New York Times(Oct 12, 2016)
Astonishingly—incredibly—low-flying planes, bearing the distinctive red “meatball” insignia, appeared, dropping torpedoes and dive bombing.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 证章，官职的标志（如肩章、领章等）
分布：徽章(65%)，勋章(22%)，标记(13%)
→in-,进入，使，sign,标志。引申词义徽章等。
徽章;标识(in内+sign+ia→内部标志物→国徽)[sign=mark表示"记号,信号"]
袖章(in作为+sign标志+ia)[-ia 1.表名词"某种病"2.表名词"总称,状态"]
【记】源于sign（n 标记；符号；征候）
(plural insignia)
noun countable
■an object or mark which shows that a person belongs to a particular organization or group, or has a particular rank 徽章；权位标志
• the royal insignia 君王标志
n. 记号，标志；徽章；荣誉
 - symbol, honor, glory, seal, flag

Word: indemnity
Front: indemnity
[ɪnˈdemnəti] (托雅宝 24857/6778 -1)
Vocabulary: indemnity
(once / 2003 pages)
n
Indemnity is protection against loss or harm — it is most often used in insurance.
If you suffer an injury or there's damage to your house, an indemnity makes up for the loss — if it's part of your insurance. An indemnity may also keep something or someone from being held responsible for harm. Protection indemnity is mainly offered for unlikely events. If you regularly crash hot-air balloons, you won’t get indemnity for the next one you rent. In fact, the balloon rental company will probably demand their own indemnity in case you crash again.
WORD FAMILY
indemnity: indemnities
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s a highly stylized exercise in neo-noir, redolent of “Vertigo,” “Double Indemnity” and “The Maltese Falcon,” from the foggy credits forward.
Seattle Times(Oct 19, 2016)
As a matter of policy some departments have private employers sign indemnity agreements with the agency before the officer is allowed to work with them.
Slate(Sep 01, 2016)
"Households can use the indemnities to try and protect livestock from dying."
Reuters(Aug 30, 2016)
Back: n. 赔偿; 保障; 赔偿金
分布：赔偿(56%)，保险(35%)，保证(9%)
→来自拉丁语indemnis,未损伤的，未伤害的，来自in-,不，非，-demn,损伤，伤害，词源同damage,damn.引申词义赔偿，补偿以弥补。词义演变比较inopportune.
赔偿(物)(in不+demn+ity→使不受损害→赔偿)[demn=harm表示"伤害"]
【记】in不，demn＝damn该死的，ity－不该死的，因为有保修
【参】indemnify（v 赔偿）＝reimburse；condemn（vt 判刑；谴责）indemnification（n 保护；补偿物）＝recompense＝reparation
US [-tˌi] formal or specialized
noun countable or uncountable
■protection against possible damage or loss, especially a promise of payment, or the money paid if there is such damage or loss 保障；补偿，赔偿；补偿金，赔款
n. 补偿， [经] 赔偿；保障；赔偿物
 - compensation, satisfaction, offset

Word: intemperate
Front: intemperate
[ɪnˈtempərət] (28682/34560)
Vocabulary: intemperate
(once / 3634 pages)
adj
If a climate is intemperate, its temperatures might be extreme. If a person is intemperate, his moods might be extreme. Being intemperate is all about avoiding moderation.
Intemperate is a combination of the prefix in- meaning "not" and the Latin temperantia meaning "moderation." When you are intemperate, you are not doing things in moderation; you lack self-control. It's often a word used when describing the tendency someone has to indulge excessively in liquor. An alcoholic is intemperate — overindulging and depending on alcohol.
WORD FAMILY
intemperate: intemperately, intemperateness+/ temperate: intemperate, temperately, temperateness, temperater
USAGE EXAMPLES
Like Conway, he sought to shift the conversation away from his intemperate response to the Washington Post report.
The New Yorker(Dec 12, 2016)
In fact the vote on June 23rd produced an intemperate, untameable animal.
Economist(Dec 01, 2016)
And Obama knows as well as anyone what the impact that a few intemperate remarks could have on a nation just barely holding it together.
The Guardian(Nov 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 不温和的; 过度的; 无节制的; 放纵的
分布：无节制的(38%)，放纵的(37%)，酗酒的(25%)
→in-,不，非，temperate,有节制的。
【记】temperate（adj 有节制的；戒酒的）
【反】equable（adj 平静的）；constrained（adj 拘泥的；受约束的）
US [-pɚ-] formal
adjective
■(of a person or their behaviour or speech) not controlled and too extreme or violent （人或其言行）无节制的，过激的，放纵的
• an intemperate outburst 毫无节制的情感爆发
• intemperate language 过激的语言
• The governor said he would not be provoked into intemperate action. 州长说他不会因被激怒而采取过激行动。
adj. 放纵的；酗酒的；酷烈的
 - luxurious, indulgent

Word: intuit
Front: intuit
[ɪnˈtju:ɪt] (29324/46558)
Vocabulary: intuit
(once / 596 pages)
v
To intuit is to get a strong sense of something using only your intuition. You might give up on a job interview halfway through, if you intuit that the job wouldn't be a good fit for you.
When you have a hunch about something, you intuit. For example, a pregnant woman might intuit that she's having twins, and a teacher might intuit that a student is having a hard day and needs some extra attention. The earliest meaning of intuit was "to tutor," until the mid-19th century. The word comes from the Latin root intueri, "look at, comprehend, or contemplate."
WORD FAMILY
intuit: intuited, intuiting, intuition, intuitive, intuits+/ counterintuitive: counterintuitively/ intuition: intuitionism, intuitions/intuitionism: intuitionist/ intuitive: counterintuitive, intuitively
USAGE EXAMPLES
Of the few Hughesian things Stranger Things intuited, this was one of them.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
Maybe it’s that producers intuit a prevailing vibe.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Instead, they ask their audiences to make an imaginative identification with their characters and intuit the experience of enduring it through them.
Slate(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: v. 由直觉知道
时态：intuited, intuiting, intuits
分布：由直觉知道(100%)
→in-,进入，使，-tuit,看，词源同tuition,tutor.即从里面看，考虑，思考，引申词义直觉，凭直觉知道。
US [ɪn'tu:-] verb transitive formal
■to know or understand something because of a feeling that you have rather than because of facts or what someone has told you 直觉；凭直觉感到
• [+ that] He intuited that I was worried about the situation. 他凭直觉感到我对局势忧心忡忡。

Word: interstellar
Front: interstellar
[ˌɪntəˈstelə(r)] (托 11761/26622)
Back: adj. 星际的; 恒星际
分布：星际的(100%)
→inter-,在内，在中间，相互，stellar,星际的，星球的。
星际的(inter在之间+stellar星星的)[Stell=star,表示"星星"]
US [-tˌɚ'stel.ɚ] adjective [before noun]
■between the stars 星际的
• interstellar space 星际空间
adj. [航] [天] 星际的
 - astral

Word: liquefaction
Front: liquefaction
[ˌlɪkwɪ'fækʃən] (35803/-)
Back: n. 液化
分布：液化(98%)，溶解(1%)，液化状态(1%)
n. [物] 液化；熔解
 - fluidification, deliquescence

Word: intersect
Front: intersect
[ˌɪntəˈsekt] (研托宝 10941/14941)
Vocabulary: intersect
(once / 1085 pages)
v
When two things intersect, they run into each other, or lie across each other. Your street might intersect with a main avenue, and your life will hopefully intersect with the lives of other interesting people.
In geometry, when a line intersects another line, they meet at exactly one point, and when a circle intersects a line, there are two points where they touch each other. When two streets intersect, you get an intersection, where you'll often find a stop sign or traffic signal. The Latin root of intersect is intersectus, "intersect or cut asunder," which combines inter-, "between," and secare, "to cut."
WORD FAMILY
intersect: intersected, intersecting, intersection, intersects+/intersecting: nonintersecting/ intersection: intersections/ sect: intersect, sectarian, sectarist, sects/ sectarian: nonsectarian, sectarianism, sectarians, unsectarian/sectarianism: sectarianisms/sectarist: sectarists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Most people consume pop music one song at a time — three minutes or so, or maybe less, depending on how tolerance and quality intersect.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
A booming economy in the nineteen-fifties intersected with a demographic lull, resulting in “more job vacancies than there are graduates.”
The New Yorker(Dec 29, 2016)
There are 56 roads that intersect the parade route.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 横断，横切，横穿
vt. & vi. （指线条、道路等）相交，交叉
时态：intersected, intersecting, intersects
分布：交叉(67%)，贯穿(33%)
→inter-,在内，在中间，相互，-sect,切，词源同dissect,segment.即中间切开，引申词义交叉，横穿。
横断(inter+sect切割→在中间切→横断)[inter-表示"在…之间,相互"]
横切;交叉(inter在中间+sect→在中间切开→横切)[Sect,seg=cut,divide,表示"切,割"]
【记】inter中间，sect切断－从中间切断－如：小路贯穿公园
【参】dissect（v 解剖）；section（n 片断；部分）；intersection（n 交叉点；十字路口）
US [-tˌɚ-] verb
intransitive or transitive
■(of lines, roads, etc.) to cross one another （线条、道路等）（和…）相交，（和…）交叉
• The roads intersect near the bridge. 这些道路在大桥附近相交。
transitive
■to divide an area into smaller parts by crossing it with straight lines 贯穿，横穿
• The gardens are intersected by gravel paths. 这些花园里碎石小道纵横交错。
vi. 相交，交叉
 - cross, cut
vt. 横断，横切；贯穿
 - transect, cross cut

Word: juncture
Front: juncture
[ˈdʒʌŋktʃə(r)] (托宝 11501/14985)
Vocabulary: juncture
(once / 1269 pages)
1n 2n
A juncture is a crucial point in time when a decision must be made. At this juncture, a president might say, the government must decide whether to go ahead with war or to try to solve things diplomatically.
A juncture is a joint or connection between two things. Originally used in the physical sense, it has broadened in meaning to refer to an often urgent decision-making crossroads. At some point you and your partner will reach a critical juncture and have to decide whether to get serious or break up. It can also simply mean "point in time." She had never learned how to drive and, at this juncture, she knew she never would.
WORD FAMILY
juncture: junctures
USAGE EXAMPLES
The academy was interconnected with Canadian hoops at that juncture.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
The junior senator from Virginia gets that there’s no obvious path to the nomination for him at this juncture.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
But they are particularly unwelcome at this juncture for China’s leader, Xi Jinping.
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 时刻，关键时刻; 接合点
分布：时刻(51%)，关头(28%)，接合(15%)，连接(6%)
→词源同junction,交叉路口。引申词义关口，关键点。
接合,连接(junct+ure)[junct,join=join,表示"结合,连接"]
US [-tʃɚ] formal
noun countable
■a particular point in time 时刻；关头
• At this juncture, it is impossible to say whether she will make a full recovery. 此刻无法确定她能否彻底痊愈。
n. [机] 接缝； [计] 连接；接合
 - connection, join, linking, seam

Word: manipulative
Front: manipulative
[məˈnɪpjələtɪv] (宝 13975/14928 -1)
Vocabulary: manipulative
(once / 18911 pages)
adj
A manipulative person uses passive, sneaky strategies to get what they want, such as saying "Aren't you lucky to have all that chocolate!" when what they really want is for you to offer them one.
Manipulative comes from the Latin word manus for "hand," and originally the English words that sprang from it like manipulate and manipulation referred to skill in physically handling objects by hand. The psychological sense we now associate with manipulative came much later on, but as anyone who has been successfully manipulated well knows, it often feels like you've been brilliantly manhandled.
WORD FAMILY
manipulative: manipulatively+/manipulable: manipulability/ manipulate: manipulable, manipulated, manipulates, manipulating, manipulation, manipulative, manipulator/ manipulation: manipulations/manipulator: manipulators
USAGE EXAMPLES
"In this way," the judge continued, "Medtronic's alleged manipulative conduct directly caused the biased clinical trial results that the market relied upon."
Reuters(Dec 28, 2016)
It’s emotionally manipulative without understanding how human emotions actually work.
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
Jay Blanton, a spokesman for the University of Kentucky, told the newspaper that Mr. Ryan was being “manipulative of the facts.”
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 巧妙处理的; 操作的; 用手处理的; 管理的
分布：操纵的(56%)，用手控制的(22%)，巧妙处理的(22%)
→来自manipulate,操纵，控制，-able,形容词后缀。
【记】源于：manipulate（v 操作；操纵）
【反】guileless（adj 不狡诈的；坦率正直的）
US [-tˌɪv] adjective mainly disapproving
■describes someone who tries to control people to their advantage 试图控制他人的，有控制欲的
• Even as a child she was manipulative and knew how to get her own way. 她还是个孩子的时候就喜欢控制他人，知道如何达到目的。

Word: lobe
Front: lobe
[ləʊb] (宝 11517/12532 -1)
Back: n. 耳垂; 肺叶; 脑叶; 裂片
分布：耳垂(67%)，裂片(29%)，圆形突出部(4%)
→来自希腊语lobos,耳垂，来自logwos,低垂。后用于指肺叶或脑叶。
【记】读：露吧！圆形的突出物很容易露出来！！！
【区】lope（n /v 大步慢跑）
US [loʊb] noun countable
ORGAN 器官 specialized
■any part of an organ which seems to be separate in some way from the rest, especially one of the parts of the brain, lung or liver （尤指大脑、肺、肝等器官的）叶
• the frontal lobe of the brain 大脑的前叶
UK [ləʊb] US [loʊb] noun countable
EAR 耳朵
■ earlobe
n. （脑、肺等的）叶；裂片；耳垂；波瓣
 - lobus, frondage

Word: manna
Front: manna
[ˈmænə] (25044/26772)
Vocabulary: manna
(once / 2956 pages)
1n 2n
Use the noun manna when you talk about the miraculous supply of food that the Bible describes God providing. In Exodus, the desperate Israelites received manna just when they most needed it.
While the meaning of manna comes from the Old Testament of the Bible, you can use it to describe something unexpected, especially if it feels like a miracle. You might, for example, say, "The doughnuts my coworker brought in this morning were like manna from heaven." Manna has a Greek root that comes from the Hebrew man, and although it literally means "substance exuded by the tamarisk tree," it's almost always used to refer to God's nourishment in the Bible.
WORD FAMILY
manna: mannas
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I still look at it as manna from heaven,” he says of the internet.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
When pressed, the pious girl confesses that she’s surviving on manna from heaven.
Washington Post(Nov 17, 2016)
The election of Donald Trump has been stock market manna for every industry that benefits from an expanding economy but one: technology.
Seattle Times(Nov 10, 2016)
Back: n. 吗哪(<圣经>故事所述，古以色列人经过荒野所得的天赐食物); 精神食粮; 天赐; 神赐食物
分布：甘露(48%)，精神食粮(30%)，天赐(15%)，木蜜(7%)
→来自希腊语manna,来自希伯来语man,天赐食物，可能来自其原义min,哪里，从何而来。该食物为《圣经》中的一种天降食物，是在古代以色列人出埃及时，在40年的旷野生活中，上帝赐给他们的神奇食物。引申词义精神食粮。参照百度百科。
noun uncountable
■(in the Bible) a food which dropped from heaven and prevented Moses and his people from dying of hunger in the desert 玛纳（《圣经》故事中摩西及其子民在沙漠中得到的神赐食物）
['mæn.ə] noun uncountable
manna from heaven
■help that you get when you need it but are not expecting it 意外帮助
n. 吗哪（古以色列人在经过荒野时所得的天赐食粮）； [林] [材] 甘露；精神食粮；天赐之物
 - nectar, godsend

Word: margarine
Front: margarine
[ˌmɑ:dʒəˈri:n] (宝 10482/12302 -1)
Vocabulary: margarine
(once / 13162 pages)
n
Margarine is a butter substitute that's made from oil. One brand of margarine goes by the name "I Can't Believe It's Not Butter." Try it, and see if you can tell the difference...
Margarine looks a lot like butter — it comes in sticks and in a very soft, spreadable form in a tub. Instead of the butterfat from milk being churned until it's solid (the process for making butter), margarine is made by emulsifying (thickly blending) oil with other fats and ingredients that make it creamy. Margarine was invented in the 1860s by a French scientist.
WORD FAMILY
margarine: margarines
USAGE EXAMPLES
A happy phone call from several corporate HQs quickly followed, so I rapidly learned who was putting margarine on my bread.
Salon(Dec 15, 2016)
Vegan margarines like Earth Balance are made from a blend of oils and are free of trans fats.
New York Times(Jan 14, 2013)
Besides corn flour and the country’s top-selling beer, Polar produces pasta, rice, tuna fish, wine, ice cream, yogurt, margarine, ketchup, mayonnaise, and detergent.
The New Yorker(Nov 06, 2016)
Back: n. 人造奶油; 人造黄油
分布：人造黄油(100%)
→来自法语margarine,人造黄油，最终来自希腊语margaron,珍珠，词源同margaric,Margaret.该物质通常由动物脂肪或油脂提炼而成，其结晶体与珍珠相似，因此其发明者19世纪法国科学家Hippolyte Mege Mouries借用该希腊词来命名。
【记】源于人造黄油的发明者Margaret（玛格丽塔），她是分娩妇女的保护神，可以用margarine来润滑。
US ['mɑ:r.dʒɚ-] noun uncountable (UK informal marge)
■a food used for cooking and spreading on bread, which is similar to butter but softer and usually made from vegetable fat 人造鲜奶油（通常由植物油制成）
n. [食品] 人造黄油；人造奶油
 - oleomargarine, butterine

Word: militaristic
Front: militaristic
[ˌmɪlɪtə'rɪstɪk] (23925/33865)
Back: adj. 军国主义的; 黩武
分布：军国主义的(85%)，军官主义的(15%)

Word: moulding
Front: moulding
['məʊldɪŋ] (44053/12354 -1)
Back: n. （墙壁、家具、画框等的）装饰线条; 模制件，铸造物
v. 用模子做( mould的现在分词); 对…影响重大; 将…塑造成; （使）紧贴于
分布：模制(50%)，塑造(50%)
→来自mold的英式拼写形式。
US ['moʊl-] noun countable or uncountable
■a piece of wood, plastic, stone, etc. which has been made into a particular shape to decorate the top or bottom of a wall, or a door, window or piece of furniture 饰条，线脚；板条
v. 塑造（mould的ing形式）；用模子制作
 - shaping

Word: mink
Front: mink
[mɪŋk] (16431/13208 -1)
Vocabulary: mink
(once / 2282 pages)
n
A mink is a small, furry animal that's similar to a stoat or a weasel. Minks are prized for their soft pelts, which are often made into fur coats. If you are on your way to an animal rights event, leave your mink coat in the closet.
You can use the noun mink to talk about the wild animal itself, which is not only hunted for its fur but also raised on farms, or to describe the wildly expensive coat made from the skin of many minks. A mink is the sort of warm fur coat you'd most likely see on a wealthy city dweller. The origin of mink is Scandinavian, related to the Swedish word menk, literally "a stinking animal in Finland."
WORD FAMILY
mink: minks
USAGE EXAMPLES
In her plea deal, the former Escondido woman acknowledged damaging the mink businesses.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The amount includes damages to paid to the Grafs and several mink farms.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Zsa Zsa was the original material girl, slung with pearls, dripping with diamonds, wrapped in mink, bristling with black feathers.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. [动]水貂; 貂皮; 貂皮衣
adj. 豪华的; 富裕的
分布：貂(91%)，貂皮衣(9%)
→来自北欧某语言。mink 水貂
noun countable or uncountable
■a small animal with valuable fur which is used to make expensive coats, or the fur from this animal 鼬，水貂
• a mink coat 貂皮大衣
n. 貂； [皮革] 貂皮衣
 - marten, ermine
adj. 豪华的；富裕的
 - grand, ritzy

Word: nazareth
Front: nazareth
[ˈnæzəriθ] (-/25375)
Back: n. （巴勒斯坦地区北部古城）拿撒勒
分布：名词(100%)

Word: montevideo
Front: montevideo
[ˌmɔntiviˈdeiəu] (-/36106)
Back: n. 蒙得维的亚（乌拉圭首都），蒙得维的亚省（乌拉圭省名）

Word: nectar
Front: nectar
[ˈnektə(r)] (托宝 15031/22358 -1)
Vocabulary: nectar
(once / 2949 pages)
n
Delicious, sweet, and special, nectar is the best juice you can imagine. When the ancient Greeks visualized the gods having a party on their Olympian lawns, they saw nectar in their cups.
Nectar was originally used to describe the drinks of the gods, but regular old humans need the good stuff too. Serious wine lovers would describe their drink as nectar, while the serious raw food eater might save the term for a ginger-beet-cayenne juice. If you ask the hummingbird, she would give you a very tiny straw and direct you to the nectaries of a flower.
WORD FAMILY
nectar: nectarous, nectars
USAGE EXAMPLES
King Estate Winery is seeking $100,000 in damages from Oregon Honey Products, which does business as Nectar Creek.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The other new approach to mosquito-killing exploits the insects’ main food source — which is nectar.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
It’s made with fresh lime juice, muddled cucumber, Don Julio tequila, agave nectar and club soda.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 花蜜; （古希腊、罗马神话中的）众神饮的酒; 琼浆玉液; 甘美的饮料
adj. <古>充满美酒的，芳香甜蜜的
分布：花蜜(92%)，众神饮用的酒(5%)，甜美的饮料(3%)
→来自希腊语nektar, 仙肴，神仙的饮品，来自nek-,死亡，-tar,超越，词源同trans-.引申词义花蜜，桃汁。
【记】原指：奈科特－希腊神话中的神酒－花蜜
US [-tɚ] noun uncountable
■a sweet liquid produced by flowers and collected by bees and other insects 花蜜
• The bee turns nectar into honey. 蜜蜂把花蜜转化为蜂蜜。
■in ancient Greek and Roman stories, the drink of the gods （古希腊和罗马神话中）众神饮的酒；琼浆玉液
• This wine tastes like nectar (= tastes excellent). 这酒饮来就似琼浆玉液。
n. [植] 花蜜；甘露；神酒；任何美味的饮料
 - manna

Word: plankton
Front: plankton
[ˈplæŋktən] (雅宝 19300/27099)
Vocabulary: plankton
(once / 37285 pages)
n
If you set your pet goldfish free in a lake, he might dine on plankton instead of the food you sprinkle in his tank every day. Or, more likely, he might be dinner for a bigger fish.
Lakes, seas, and oceans are full of plankton, most of which is so small it can't be seen without a microscope. Anything that floats near the surface is considered to be plankton, whether it's an animal, plant, or something smaller like bacteria, and it's one source of food for fish and whales. The Greek root, planktos, means "wandering or drifting."
WORD FAMILY
plankton
USAGE EXAMPLES
"These aerial flows are an unappreciated aspect of terrestrial ecosystems, equivalent to the oceanic movements of plankton which power the oceanic food chains."
Reuters(Dec 22, 2016)
Scientists say nitrogen and phosphorus carried down the Mississippi River stimulate plankton blooms in the Gulf.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
"You have your plankton, you have your insects, which then brings in the birds to feed on these insects," Dr Dalu said.
BBC(Nov 24, 2016)
Back: n. 浮游生物
分布：浮游生物(100%)
→来自德语Plankton,由德国物理学家Viktor hensen根据希腊语创造出来的词，来自希腊语plankton,漂流物，漂浮物，来自plazein,漂浮，浮动，漂离，可能来自plak,击，打，词源同plague,plangent.
【记】源于plan＝plant植物，浮游生物就是一种植物。
【参】plank（n 木板；厚板）
noun uncountable
■very small plants and animals which float on the surface of the sea and on which other sea animals feed （海洋）浮游生物

Word: ornamental
Front: ornamental
[ˌɔ:nəˈmentl] (六托 12466/9921)
Vocabulary: ornamental
(once / 1057 pages)
adjn
If something is ornamental, it's a decoration. The red feather in your cap is most definitely ornamental; it serves no purpose other than providing a splash of color.
Ornamental things are, by definition, just for show — they're not actually useful. So an ornamental pond in your yard might be pretty, but you can't fish or swim in it, and an ornamental telephone booth in your friend's living room doesn't really work. Likewise, ornamental plants or gardens are full of beautiful flowers and foliage, but nothing in them is edible.
WORD FAMILY
ornamental: ornamentalism, ornamentally, ornamentals+/ ornament: ornamental, ornamentation, ornamented, ornamenting, ornaments/ornamentalism: ornamentalist/ornamentalist: ornamentalists/ ornamentation: ornamentations/ornamented: unornamented
USAGE EXAMPLES
The area was ringed with ornamental poles, not concrete barriers.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
“A lot of people in D.C. think that music is ornamental,” Gray says.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Cherubs and ornamental flowers adorn the ceiling; set amid the swirling plaster are colourful vistas of desert islands fringed with palm trees.
The Guardian(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: adj. 装饰的，装饰用的
n. 观赏植物; 装饰物
分布：装饰的(100%)
US [ˌɔ:r.nə'men.tˌəl] adjective
■beautiful rather than useful 装饰性的，装饰用的；装饰的
• a bowl of ornamental china fruit 一盘装饰性瓷制果
• The handles on each side of the box are purely ornamental (= They are for decoration only). 盒子两边的把手纯粹是装饰。
adj. 装饰的，装饰性的
 - decorative, illuminative
n. 观赏植物；装饰品
 - decoration, trimming

Word: pereira

Word: ningbo
Front: ningbo
[ˈniŋˈbəu] None
Back: 宁波（浙江省）（旧译Ningpo）
分布：名词(100%)

Word: pretentious
Front: pretentious
[prɪˈtenʃəs] (托雅宝 16028/14642 -1)
Vocabulary: pretentious
(once / 1646 pages)
adj
Use the adjective pretentious as a way to criticize people who try to act like they are more important or knowledgeable than they really are.
You might not be surprised to learn that pretentious is related to the word pretend, and it is an adjective that fits the bill for describing someone who's only concerned with making an impressive appearance. If you don't want to be accused of being pretentious, just act naturally and don't put on airs!
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
pretentious / portentous
Fake mobsters in suits and spats are pretentious. But a horse head in your bed? That's portentous. And also, call the police.
A regular person who insists on using the royal "we" is pretentious. Find the word "pretend" in pretentious and you're onto something — both words come from the same Latin root. Pretending is fun, but anything pretentious is a bummer because it's fanciful and untrue. Examples:
"Eva's colleagues eventually turn on her and deem her uppity and pretentious; one day, someone in the office steals the diary." (The New Yorker)
"Well, the film was a bore, with far too many pretentious slow-motion surfing shots or close-ups of foam and bubbles." (Los Angeles Times)
Portentous is darker. The word comes from the Latin portentosus for "marvelous, threatening," oh, and also "monster." A funnel cloud, a horse head, or a letter from an ex, are all portentoussigns. It overlaps with pretentious because portentous also describes someone trying hard to seem important, like a human pufferfish. But it's usually a sign of things to come, like a portent, or omen. Observe:
"But above them all looms one legendary beast: the great white whale, Moby-Dick, freighted with portentous doom." (The Guardian)
"Some are table-centered domestic scenes: silent intimacies, fights over a portentous envelope." (The New Yorker)
If you get them mixed up, remember that pretentious has an "i" at the end, and portentous has an "o" for "omen."
WORD FAMILY
pretentious: pretentiously, pretentiousness, unpretentious +/ pretense: pretenses, pretension, pretentious / pretension: pretensions/ unpretentious: unpretentiously, unpretentiousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Successful by their own measures, Karen and Matt live in a converted macaroni factory, spitting distance from several pretentious coffeehouses.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Gold: My least favorite restaurants tend to be pretentious, expensive with unimaginative food.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Are what read as pretentious and condescending undertones absolutely required?
New York Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: adj. 狂妄的，自命不凡的，自负的; 虚伪的，矫饰的，做作的
分布：自命不凡的(46%)，自负的(27%)，矫饰的(15%)，炫耀的(12%)
→来自pretend,假装，佯装，自称，自夸，-t,过去分词格。引申词义炫耀的，浮夸的。
自负的;虚伪的[tend,tent,tens=stretch表示"伸展"]
[prɪ'tent.ʃəs] disapproving
adjective
■trying to appear or sound more important or clever than you are, especially in matters of art and literature （尤指在文学艺术方面）炫耀的，矫饰的，自以为是的
• a pretentious art critic 自以为是的艺术评论家
• The novel deals with grand themes, but is never heavy or pretentious. 这部小说探讨的是重大主题，但它绝不沉闷也不矫饰。
adj. 自命不凡的；炫耀的；做作的
 - affected, ambitious

Word: provident
Front: provident
[ˈprɒvɪdənt] (托宝 35182/25253)
Vocabulary: provident
(once / 699 pages)
adj
If you are provident, that means you plan carefully for the future. You have your Christmas lights up in early December, you have a well-stocked pantry, and you have some savings tucked away just in case.
The word provident traces back to the Latin word providere, meaning "foresee, provide." The word can be used to describe someone who looks into the future — foresees the future, in a sense — and makes decisions based on future needs. It’s often used to describe a thrifty individual who denies himself something today in order to save up for tomorrow, but it can describe actions as well — such as a provident decision that ends up preventing ruin down the road.
WORD FAMILY
provident: improvident, providence, providently+/improvidence: improvidences/ improvident: improvidence, improvidently/ provide: provided, provident, provider, provides, providing, provision / providence: providences, providential / providential: providentially/ provider: providers/ provision: provisional, provisionary, provisioned, provisioner, provisioning, provisions / provisional: provisionally /provisioner: provisioners
USAGE EXAMPLES
That is how we structured our Central Provident Fund—when you work, you contribute; when you retire, you have provided for yourself.
Time(Oct 26, 2016)
Provident Resources Group will break ground this fall on a 92-unit assisted living center in Zachary’s Americana, another traditional neighborhood development.
Washington Times(Aug 13, 2016)
The choice proved provident for Yellowstone, though, as Reamer went on to design Old Faithful Lodge and 25 other structures in the park.
Washington Times(May 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 有远见的，节俭的
分布：节俭的(67%)，有先见之明的(33%)
→pro-,提前，-vid,看，词源同evident,visit.即提前看到的，有预见性的，引申词义准备，未雨绸缪。
顾及未来的,有远见的(pro+vid看+ent→向前看的→有远见的)[pro-①表示"向前,在前"②表示"很多…"③表示"赞同,亲..."]
深谋远虑的(pro向前+vid+ent→向前看的→有远见的)[vis,vid=see表示"看"]
【记】pro前，vid看，ent－向前看的－有远见的
【区】provision（n 供应；条款）
【参】improvidence（n 目光短浅；浪费）
【反】profligate（adj 放荡的）
US ['prɑ:.və-] formal approving
adjective
■making arrangements for future needs, especially by saving money 未雨绸缪的，有远虑的（尤指存钱）
adj. 节俭的；有先见之明的；顾及未来的
 - frugal, prudent

Word: pumpkin
Front: pumpkin
[ˈpʌmpkɪn] (六托 6149/17329 -1)
Vocabulary: pumpkin
(once / 1947 pages)
n
A pumpkin is a round, orange type of squash that grows on a plant also called a pumpkin. It’s the raw material for a jack-o’-lantern. Cook one up in a pie or name your precious poodle after it.
Pumpkins are most commonly harvested in the fall, and they're often associated with Halloween, when people traditionally hollow them out and carve faces on them. Pumpkin is delicious in sweet and savory foods, and pumpkin pie is a popular Thanksgiving dessert in the US. The word was originally pompone, from the Greek root pepon, "melon," or literally, "cooked by the sun."
WORD FAMILY
pumpkin: pumpkins
USAGE EXAMPLES
There was no giant pumpkin in her opera, nor did the prince find Cinderella's lost shoe, like in more famous versions of the tale.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Black bass are fair on PBJ colored Snag Proof jigs, pumpkin JDC drop shot worms, and green pumpkin tubes off docks.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Anna opted to just sit in the car with the doll while her mom selected pumpkins.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 南瓜; 南瓜的果肉，南瓜囊; 〈俚〉重要人物
分布：南瓜(100%)
→来自中古法语pompon,南瓜，来自拉丁语peponem,甜瓜，瓜果，来自希腊语peptein,煮熟，成熟，来自pekw,煮，炒，词源同cook,peptide,dyspeptic.-kin,小词后缀。比喻用法。
noun countable or uncountable
■a large round vegetable with hard yellow or orange flesh 南瓜
• pumpkin pie 南瓜馅饼
['pʌmp.kɪn] noun countable or uncountable
turn into a pumpkin humorous
■used when saying what time you usually go home or go to bed at night 谈论回家或睡觉的时间时的用语
• It's too late for me - I turn into a pumpkin at eleven o'clock. 对我来说太晚了－－在11点我该回家睡觉了（童话故事，在11点变出一个南瓜，然后穿着水晶鞋乘车离开）。
n. 南瓜
 - punkin, musky ground

Word: sedan
Front: sedan
[sɪˈdæn] (6967/34903 -1)
Back: n. <美语>小轿车; 轿子; [地名]色当，法国东北部一城市
分布：轿子(93%)，单舱汽艇(7%)
→来自意大利语 sede,椅子，来自拉丁语 sedere,坐，词源同 sit,seat.引申词义轿子，小轿车。
noun countable US for saloon (CAR)
n. 轿车；轿子
 - saloon car, passenger car

Word: repugnant
Front: repugnant
[rɪˈpʌgnənt] (宝 17964/19444)
Vocabulary: repugnant
(once / 1086 pages)
adj
Repugnant refers to something you detest so thoroughly it threatens to make you physically sick, like the idea of marrying your sister. Or wearing last year's jeans.
A repugnant thing is a thing offensive, detestable, or obscene. It can be repugnant to your mind or your morals. It can also be physically repugnant, like the smell that comes from a restaurant’s dumpster, which hasn't been emptied since the very exciting "Omelet Week," way back at the beginning of August. Makes you want to "re-PLUG-nant" your nose!
WORD FAMILY
repugnant: repugnance, repugnantly+/ repugnance: repugnances
USAGE EXAMPLES
He burrowed into a character whose actions are flatly repugnant.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
It depicts repugnant attitudes and practices of white supremacy that poisoned earlier generations’ achievements and that are inseparable from those achievements.
The New Yorker(Dec 23, 2016)
He sees Thornton’s character as a repugnant hybrid of Bill Clinton and George W. Bush — “the worst idea of an American president,” he says.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 令人厌恶的; 矛盾的
分布：抵触的(40%)，讨厌的(30%)，令人厌恶的(30%)
→re-,向后，往回，-pugn,拳头，词源同 pugnacious,puncture.比喻用法。
令人厌恶的(re+pugn打＋ant→[把人]打回去→(行为)令人厌恶的)[re-①表示"向后,相反,不"②表示"一再,重新"]
厌恶的,反感的(re反+pugn+ant→反打回来→反感的)[Pugn=fight,表示"打斗"]
【记】re反，pugn打斗，ant－反过去打－令人厌恶的
【参】pugnacious（adj 好斗的）
[rɪ'pʌg.nənt] formal
adjective
■If behaviour or beliefs, etc. are repugnant, they are very unpleasant, causing a feeling of disgust 令人厌恶的；令人反感的
• a repugnant smell 令人作呕的气味
• I find your attitude towards these women quite repugnant. 我觉得你对待这些女性的态度非常令人反感。
• The idea of cheating in an exam is morally repugnant to me. 我认为要在考试中作弊的想法不道德，我对此深恶痛绝。
adj. 讨厌的；矛盾的；敌对的
 - evil, adverse, rank, unpleasant, opposed

Word: shaker
Front: shaker
[ˈʃeɪkə(r)] (14441/22038)
Back: n. 摇动者，混合器; 荡筛机
分布：夏克尔风格的(25%)，摇动器(25%)，搅拌器(25%)，摇动者(25%)
→来自 shake,摇动，摇晃，-er,表物。
US [-kɚ] noun countable
■a container with a tightly fitting lid in which liquids can be mixed together by moving the container quickly from side to side 摇动器；混合器
• a cocktail shaker 鸡尾酒调制器
■a container with holes in its lid from which a powdery substance can be put onto a surface by holding the container upside down and moving it up and down （盖上有孔的）佐料瓶
• a salt/pepper shaker 盐／胡椒粉瓶
■a container into which dice are put and moved quickly from side to side before being thrown onto a flat surface, usually during a game involving chance （摇骰子的）摇缸
n. [机] 振动器；混和器；调酒器
 - vibrator, shaking device

Word: regress
Front: regress
[rɪˈgres] (宝 16913/21815 -1)
Vocabulary: regress
(once / 7680 pages)
vn
To regress is to return to a former state or condition, and not usually in a good way. It often means "relapse" or "get worse."
First used in the late 14th century as a noun meaning "act of going back," regress originates from the Latin regress, meaning "a return." Many feel that the regress to anti-social behavior among teenagers is caused by violent video games, TV shows, and movies. A 30 year old forced to move back home may regress to old, childlike habits. It can also happen to someone's health, like when the condition of someone in recovery takes a turn for the worse.
WORD FAMILY
regress: regressed, regresses, regressing, regression, regressive +/ regression: regressions/ regressive: regressively
USAGE EXAMPLES
But as she approached her first birthday, Blake started regressing.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
They tend to regress to the mean of the MFA, and mostly address one another.
Slate(Dec 06, 2016)
She regresses with an old boyfriend, forgetting her current one exists.
The New Yorker(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: vi. 逆行，倒退; 退回，回归; 退化
vt. 使…倒退
n. 回归，退回; 退步，退化; [法]复归权
时态：regressed, regressing, regresses
分布：倒退(34%)，回归(28%)，退回(25%)，退化(10%)，逆向思维(3%)
→re-,向后，往回，-gress,走，词源同 grade,aggressive.引申词义倒退，回归。
[rɪ'gres] formal
verb intransitive
■to return to a previous and less advanced or worse state, condition or way of behaving 退步；退化；倒退
• She suffered brain damage from the car accident and regressed to the mental age of a five-year-old. 在那宗汽车交通事故中，她的脑部受损，智商倒退到五岁孩子的水准。
Compare progress
vi. 逆行，倒退；复归
 - reverse, stem
n. 回归；退回
 - returning, bsbackspacing

Word: sarasota

Word: signpost
Front: signpost
[ˈsaɪnpəʊst] (21771/14329)
Vocabulary: signpost
(once / 16081 pages)
nv
A signpost is a raised marker on the side of a road that provides some kind of information — like how many miles you have to travel to a landmark (like the golden arches of McDonald's).
A signpost can mark a historical site, a business, or the distance to a city. Smaller roads that meet at an intersection or crossroads often have a signpost marked with arrows and town names, making it clear which direction you should go. Sometimes signpost is used figuratively, to mean an indicator or hint: "The mayor's vote to fund a new school acted as a signpost to her feelings about education in general."
WORD FAMILY
signpost: signposted, signposting, signposts
USAGE EXAMPLES
Among the signposts of progress that the front office is noting:
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
But I’ve also discovered some nice quiet signposted cycle routes through back streets.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Mr. Mills does something similar narratively as he samples the era’s music, signposts and shards, all while circling Dorothea.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 指示牌，标志杆; 路标
时态：signposted, signposting, signposts
分布：路标(64%)，指示(10%)，广告柱(8%)，征兆(7%)，迹象(5%)，招牌柱(2%)，引导(2%)，设路标(2%)
→sign,标记，post,柱子。
US [-poʊst] noun countable
ROAD SIGN 路标
■a pole at the side of a road, especially at a point where two or more roads meet, which gives information about routes and distances 路标
• The signpost said 'London 18 miles'. 路标上写著「伦敦18哩”。
UK ['saɪn.pəʊst] US [-poʊst] noun countable
SHOW FUTURE 指示未来
■something which shows what is going to happen, or what should happen, in the future 征兆，预兆
• This upturn in the country's economy is a splendid signpost to the future. 该国经济的好转预示着光明的前景。
UK ['saɪn.pəʊst] US [-poʊst] verb
ROAD SIGN 路标
transitive usually passive
■to show the direction of something on a signpost 以路标指明方向
• The road wasn't very well signposted (= provided with signposts). 这条路上的路标设置不够完善。
• We found where we were going very easily, because it was signposted (= the direction was shown by signposts) all the way. 我们很容易地找到了自己要去的地方，因为一路上都有路标。
UK ['saɪn.pəʊst] US [-poʊst] verb
SHOW FUTURE 指示未来
transitive
■to show what is going to happen in the future 预示
• The early chapters of the book signpost what is going to happen further on. 这本书的头几章预示了稍后将要发生的事情。
n. 路标；指示牌
 - roadmap, street sign

Word: slippage
Front: slippage
[ˈslɪpɪdʒ] (宝 21295/24403)
Back: n. 滑动; 下跌; 滑动量; 下跌量
分布：滑移(78%)，下滑(17%)，动力传动损耗(5%)
→slip,下滑，下降，-age,名词后缀。
【记】源于：slip（v /n 滑），page：从纸上滑下来－滑动
noun uncountable
■a reduction in the rate, amount or standard of something 减少，降低
• The party leader is said to be concerned at the slippage (= loss of popularity) in the recent opinion polls. 据称，该党领袖对最近民意调查中支持率的下滑感到忧心忡忡。
n. 滑移； [机] [地质] 滑动；下降
 - reduction, decline, fall, slide

Word: silica
Front: silica
[ˈsɪlɪkə] (托 19564/17091)
Back: n. 硅石，二氧化硅; 硅氧
分布：硅石(90%)，矽土(10%)
→来自拉丁语 silicis,所有格形式于 silex,打火石，鹅卵石，小石子。后用于指二氧化硅。
noun uncountable
■a mineral which exists in various forms, including sand, quartz and flint , and which is used to make glass and cement 硅石，二氧化硅
n. [无化] 二氧化硅； [材] 硅土
 - silicon dioxide, silicon oxide

Word: smokestack
Front: smokestack
[ˈsməʊkstæk] (18023/38799)
Vocabulary: smokestack
(once / 13906 pages)
n
The chimney on top of a factory or a ship can be called a smokestack. If you look at Google Images for the word "pollution," you'll see lots of pictures of smokestacks spewing thick, gray smoke.
The main difference between the words chimney and smokestack is that you're more likely to call the flue on top of your house a chimney, saving smokestack for more industrial uses. Steam locomotives used smokestacks to release smoke and steam — the exhaust from the train's smokebox. Without the smokestack, the pressure would become dangerously high inside the train, causing it to explode.
WORD FAMILY
smokestack: smokestacks
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I worry that people will think all warehouses are smokestacks. A lot of warehouses and creative spaces are run really well.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Actual pollution from the smokestack — by far the greatest source of carbon pollution from wood energy — is overlooked.
Salon(Dec 25, 2016)
Dumb policy would be to fire up the smokestacks, stop collecting all that annoying climate data and marginalize federal employees who best understand global warming.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 大烟囱
分布：重工业的(67%)，主烟囱(33%)
US ['smoʊk-] noun countable
■a tall vertical pipe which takes smoke or steam into the air from an engine driven by steam or from a factory 大烟囱
n. [铁路] [船] [建] 烟囱，烟窗
 - lum, chimney flue

Word: sieve
Front: sieve
[sɪv] (托雅 17578/15525 -1)
Vocabulary: sieve
(once / 1723 pages)
nv
A sieve is a mesh strainer used to separate lumps and clumps from the fine material. Sieves are handy for everything from sifting flour to prospecting for gold — anything where you need to separate the big from the small.
If you’re an archaeologist, you've probably used various sorts of sifters and shakers to sieve through the soil to recover even the tiniest artifacts. If your interests run more to building sandcastles, you’ve probably got a sieve in your beach bag, along with the shovels and pails. If you keep forgetting things, you can describe your "mind as a sieve," since it doesn’t seem to hold much.
WORD FAMILY
sieve: sieved, sieves, sieving
USAGE EXAMPLES
But against the Magic, the Knicks were again a sieve.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Or a guy with personalized license plates on his SUV that read “SIEVE.”
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Strain it back into the pan through a sieve and continue stirring until thickened.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. [粮食][矿]筛子; 滤网; 不能保守秘密的人，嘴不严的人
v. 筛，筛选; 滤
时态：sieved, sieving, sieves
分布：筛(76%)，筛子(11%)，滤(11%)，说话轻率不能保密的人(1%)，粗篮(1%)
→来自古英语 sife,筛子，来自 Proto-Germanic*sib,筛，来自 seib,流出，滴出，词源同 sift,seep.
【记】源于古代一种有seven个眼的金属漏勺，演化成sieve
【参】sift（v 筛选；仔细检查）；sifter（n 负责筛选的人；筛子）
noun countable
■a tool consisting of a wood, plastic or metal frame with a wire or plastic net fixed to it. You use it either to separate solids from a liquid, or you rub larger solids through it to make them smaller 筛；滤器
• Pass the sauce through a sieve to remove any lumps. 用筛子滤去酱汁中的残渣。
[sɪv] noun countable
memory/mind like a sieve
■If you have a memory or mind like a sieve, you forget things very easily. 容易忘事，健忘
[sɪv] verb transitive
■to put a liquid or powder through a sieve 过滤；筛
• To make the pastry, sieve the flour and salt into a mixing bowl. 要制作油酥面皮，应把面粉和盐筛到一个和面碗里。
n. [粮食] [矿业] 筛子；滤网；不能保守秘密的人
 - boult, sifter
vt. [粮食] [数] 筛；滤
 - screen, ree
vi. [粮食] [数] 筛；滤
 - sift

Word: socialite
Front: socialite
[ˈsəʊʃəlaɪt] (17802/23340)
Vocabulary: socialite
(once / 5511 pages)
n
A socialite is someone who spends a lot of time in fashionable social circles. A socialite gets invited to all the best parties and says yes to all of them.
When you talk to other people, you're being social. A socialite is a person who loves being social, especially in circles that are in the public eye. A socialite goes to the fanciest parties and the most expensive restaurants. A socialite dates famous people and goes where photographers can take their picture. A socialite is always making the scene. In many ways, socialites are the opposite of hermits or recluses.
WORD FAMILY
socialite: socialites
USAGE EXAMPLES
The only account the band follows on Twitter is that of Kylie Jenner: the teenage socialite/makeup mogul, a Kardashian by any other name.
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
For professional socialites, she raised the bar by lowering it.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
When asked her assessment of other socialites fond of the media glare, Ms. Gabor usually said she found them lacking.
Washington Post(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 上流社会人士，社交界头面人物
分布：社会名流(86%)，名士(14%)
→social,社会的，社交的，-ite,人。后用于指社交名流，上流社会人士等。可能是改写自 social light.
社会名流(social社会的)[-ite 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人或物"3.表动词"促成"]
US ['soʊ.ʃə.laɪt] noun countable
■a person, usually of high social class, who is famous because they go to a lot of parties and social events which are reported in the newspapers 社交界名人
• a wealthy socialite 富有的社交界名流

Word: stag
Front: stag
[stæg] (18259/10351 -1)
Vocabulary: stag
(once / 1292 pages)
nv
A stag is another word for a buck, or a male deer. If you spot a family of deer in the woods, the stag is the one with the largest antlers.
There are different terms for male deer, depending on the species, and stag usually describes the largest types of deer. Stags are also commonly seen in paintings of deer hunts. Another way to use the word stag is as a verb meaning "go without a date," especially to a formal party or dance. In the mid-1800's, a "stag party" was a group made up only of men, a term that came to mean a bachelor party.
WORD FAMILY
stag: stagged, stagging, stags
USAGE EXAMPLES
The officer watched it pull to a stop at the dead end of Stags Leap Court.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
I was on a stag weekend in Tallinn.
The Guardian(Dec 18, 2016)
It’s the ninth time the Stags finished atop The Post’s rankings.
Washington Post(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. 成年牡鹿; 阉过的雄畜[牛，猪]; [商]非会员股票经纪人; 非真心投资，遇有利机会即行出售股票的认股者
vi. 不带女伴参加晚会; [商]〈俚〉买进新股（等）见利即抛; 〈英〉监视，盯梢，告发; 截短长裤
adj. 全是男人（集会等）的; 无异性伴侣的
时态：stagged, stagging, stags
分布：雄鹿(65%)，只身参加舞会(7%)，不带异性伴侣参加的聚会者(7%)，只准男子参加的(7%)，只限男士参加的聚会(7%)，色情的(7%)
→来自古英语 stagga,雄鹿，来自 Proto-Germanic*staggijo,雄鹿，豪猪，来自 stegh,刺，插， 词源同 stick,sting.
noun countable
ANIMAL 动物 (plural stags or stag)
■an adult male deer 成年雄鹿
[stæg] noun countable
PERSON 人 (plural stags) UK a person who buys shares in a company which is being sold to the public with the intention of selling them immediately for profit 短线炒股者，短线客
[stæg] noun countable
go stag mainly US
■If a man goes stag to an event, he goes without a partner. （男子参加社交活动时）不带女伴
[stæg] verb intransitive or transitive (-gg-) UK to buy shares in a company which is being sold to the public with the intention of selling them immediately for profit 新股套利者（购买向公众出售的公司股票，目的是立即卖出以获取利润）

Word: sociological
Front: sociological
[ˌsəʊsɪə'lɒdʒɪkl] (11210/6737)
Back: adj. 社会学的，社会学上的
分布：社会学的(82%)，社会的(18%)
US [ˌsoʊ.si.ə'lɑ:.dʒɪ-] adjective
■related to or involving sociology 社会学的；有关社会问题的
• sociological theory/research 社会学理论／研究

Word: stratagem
Front: stratagem
[ˈstrætədʒəm] (宝 24573/21853)
Vocabulary: stratagem
(once / 1482 pages)
n
A stratagem is a scheme or a clever plot. You can have a stratagem for winning a chess game, getting the girl (or boy), and avoiding a punishment. However, your opponents, crushes, and parents may have a trick or two of their own.
Sometimes a stratagem is a gem of an idea, really clever and worth trying. Great generals start a battle plan with a stratagem, and businesses might have a stratagem for making more money. A stratagem is often a trick or a way to deceive an enemy or get something through a plot or ploy, but it can also mean just a great idea that outwits someone. Your teacher probably has a stratagem for helping you remember and spell words.
WORD FAMILY
stratagem: stratagems
USAGE EXAMPLES
For Trump’s stratagem to work, foreign leaders must continue to believe that he’s erratic and prone to irrational overreaction.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
On the contrary, it is a desperate stratagem for coping with them.
Economist(Nov 10, 2016)
It’s a stratagem he perfected as far back as 2004 with “Confessions,” which became his best-selling album.
New York Times(Sep 14, 2016)
Back: n. 诡计，计谋; 花招
分布：战略(81%)，计谋(19%)
→来自拉丁语 strategema,战略，策略，来自希腊语 strategema,军事战略，军事指挥，词源同 strategy,-ema,名词后缀。
【记】strat层次，agem－有层次的计划－计谋
【参】strategist（n 战略家）
US ['stræ-] noun countable or uncountable
■a carefully planned way of achieving or dealing with something, often involving a trick 策略；计策，计谋
• Her stratagem for dealing with her husband's infidelities was to ignore them. 她对待丈夫不忠的策略就是佯装不知。
• He was a master of stratagem. 他很有谋略。
n. 策略；计谋
 - device, game plan

Word: triumvirate
Front: triumvirate
[traɪˈʌmvərət] (27577/32737)
Vocabulary: triumvirate
(once / 6888 pages)
n
A triumvirate is a group of three people who share power. In America's early days, George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, and James Madison were a triumvirate — three men whose leadership helped shape America.
The prefix tri means "three," so it makes sense that triumvirate refers to a group of three. In this case, the three in question are powerful men who share authority. The word comes to us from ancient Rome, where two groups of three important men shared power over the Roman Republic. The First Triumvirate was made up of Julius Caesar, Pompey the Great, and Marcus Licinius Crassus, and the Second Triumvirate consisted of Marc Antony, Lepidus, and Octavian.
WORD FAMILY
triumvirate: triumvirates
USAGE EXAMPLES
This liberal state triumvirate is particularly notable because they already ran generous welfare states long before ObamaCare.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 18, 2016)
It became evident, quite soon, that he would not create a triumvirate of great HBO hosts with Bill Maher and John Oliver.
New York Times(Nov 13, 2016)
Although this aetiological triumvirate was thought to be unique, its relevance to more common diseases is now being considered widely.
Nature(Nov 08, 2016)
Back: n. 三人执政; 三头政治; 三头统治; 三人执政的政治
分布：三人统治执政(100%)
→来自拉丁语 trium,三，词源同 three,-vir,男人，词源同 virile,virtue.引申词义三人领导小组。
[traɪ'ʌm.vɪ.rət] formal
noun countable
■a group of three people who are in control of an activity or organization 三人统治集团；三人领导小组
• The shape of post-war Europe was decided in Potsdam in 1945 by the Allied triumvirate of Churchill, Truman and Stalin. 战后的欧洲格局是1945年在波茨坦由同盟国三巨头丘吉尔、杜鲁门和史达林确定的。

Word: tutorial
Front: tutorial
[tju:ˈtɔ:riəl] (托雅 15959/8172 -1)
Vocabulary: tutorial
(once / 18851 pages)
nadj
A tutorial is a teaching session given to one student or a small group of students. If you are stuck in a class, you could use a tutorial.
Teachers lead classes, but tutors are educators who also help students, usually one-on-one. Tutors don’t give grades: they just try to help or coach students. A session given by a tutor is called a tutorial. A tutorial could be a one-on-one session in a tutoring center or elsewhere. A tutorial could also be a small group led by a tutor, in which the tutor helps the whole group with math, history, or another topic.
WORD FAMILY
tutorial: tutorials+/ tutor: tutelage, tutored, tutorial, tutoring, tutors, tutorship/tutored: untutored/tutorship: tutorships
USAGE EXAMPLES
And she’s now doing a psychology degree via online tutorials because, since Stranger Things, she’s never in one place long enough to attend lectures.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
I needed less of a tutorial about the Jewish customs and more about how to impose some structure to the meal and the conversation.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Around 150 to 200 medical students watched the tutorial as it happened, and many more joined in in the 24 hours following.
Time(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. 个别辅导时间; 教程，辅导材料; 使用说明书; 辅导课
adj. 导师的; 私人教师的; 辅导的
分布：教程(88%)，指南(9%)，个别指导的(2%)，辅导班(1%)
→来自 tutor,导师，教师，-ial,形容词后缀。
US [tu:'tɔ:r.i-] noun countable
■a period of study with a tutor involving one student or a small group 导师辅导课

Word: temperance
Front: temperance
[ˈtempərəns] (托 21464/15992)
Vocabulary: temperance
(once / 679 pages)
1n 2n
Temperance means restraint and moderation, but if you're talking about alcohol, temperance means not just drinking in moderation, it means not having it at all.
The temperance movement appeared in the U.S. in the 19th century, at first urging moderation in drinking but eventually seeking to outlaw alcohol entirely. It managed to get Prohibition enacted in 1919, which did outlaw alcohol, but it was repealed in 1933. Temperance doesn't just have to do with alcohol, it can refer to avoiding any kind of excess: if your new diet requires temperance, you're eating in a balanced, sensible way. Temperance comes from the Latin temperare, "restrain."
WORD FAMILY
temperance: intemperance, temperances+/distemper: distempered, distempering, distempers/ intemperance: intemperances/ temper: distemper, temperance, tempered, tempering, tempers/tempered: ill-tempered, temperedest, temperedly, untempered/tempering: temperings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Such temperance will be required if U.S. national-security policy is to remain coherent.
Time(Nov 09, 2016)
Many of women who were part of that temperance movement parlayed that organization into the women’s suffrage movement.
Time(Nov 08, 2016)
Throughout much of the 1800s, the women’s alcohol temperance movement was a powerful force in the greater push toward women’s suffrage.
The Guardian(Nov 08, 2016)
Back: n. 节制（尤指饮食），节欲; 戒酒
分布：节制(54%)，禁酒(25%)，节欲(21%)
→来自 temper,管控，调节，-ance,名词后缀。引申词义自我节制，克制等。
节制,节欲[temper,tempor=time,表示"时间"或时间引起的现象]
【记】temper（n 脾气；v 缓和），ance
US [-pɚ.ənts] formal
noun uncountable
■control of your own behaviour, such as not drinking or eating too much 自我克制，节制（如戒酒、节食等）
■the habit of not drinking alcohol because you believe it is dangerous or wrong 戒酒，禁酒
n. 戒酒；节欲；（气候等的）温和
 - abstinence, nephalism
adj. 温暖的；有节制的
 - warm, moderate

Word: unsteady
Front: unsteady
[ʌnˈstedi] (16547/15751 -K)
Back: adj. 不坚固的; 不一贯的; 摇晃的; 无常的
分布：不稳定(70%)，不稳定的(19%)，不规则的(5%)，动摇(3%)，不一致的(1%)，颤动的(1%)，易变的(1%)
adjective
■moving slightly from side to side, as if you might fall 摇晃的；站不稳的
• She's been in bed with the flu and she's still a bit unsteady on her feet. 她患流感时一直卧床，现在还有些站不稳。
adj. [计] 不稳定的；不规则的；摇摆的；无常的
 - abnormal, uncertain, volatile
vt. 使不稳定；动摇
 - shake, labilize

Word: unaccounted
Front: unaccounted
[ˌʌnə'kaʊntɪd] (-/33109)
Back: adj. 未说明的，未解释的
分布：未解释的(40%)，未计入的(20%)，未说明的(20%)，其它的(20%)

Word: undisturbed
Front: undisturbed
[ˌʌndɪˈstɜ:bd] (托 13096/11295 -1)
Back: adj. 未被打搅的; 泰然自若的; 镇静的; 未扰动
分布：安静的(51%)，镇定的(26%)，未受干扰的(23%)
US [-'stɝ:bd] adjective
■not interrupted or changed in any way 未被打扰的；未被改变的
• eight hours of undisturbed sleep 八个小时安静的睡眠
adj. 安静的；镇定的； [物] 未被扰乱的；泰然自若的
 - quiet, collected, contained, tranquil

Word: undefined
Front: undefined
[ˌʌndɪˈfaɪnd] (20675/18763)
Vocabulary: undefined
(once / 3677 pages)
adj
If something is undefined it's not clear, such as your undefined vacation plans. You know you want to go somewhere during the third week of August, but you just don't know where.
You can tell just by looking at it that undefined means "not defined." But you might be surprised that the root define comes from the Old French word defenir, meaning "to end, terminate, determine." In this case, define carries the meaning of "determine," but in a sense "end" and "terminate" apply as well. When you define something, that's the end of it — no more wondering. So if something is undefined, it's not yet determined.
WORD FAMILY
defined: definedly, ill-defined, undefined +/ definable: definably, indefinable, undefinable/ define: definable, defined, defines, defining, definition, redefine / defining: definings/ definition: definitions/indefinable: indefinably/ redefine: redefined, redefines, redefining, redefinition/redefinition: redefinitions/undefinable: undefinably
USAGE EXAMPLES
"Landscape is obviously a very open-ended and undefined term. "But basically any interaction with nature/green space seems to have some potential.
BBC(Nov 25, 2016)
So Americans took a risk by electing an inexperienced and largely undefined tough guy.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 24, 2016)
Mr. Trump said this week that Mr. Kushner could play a key, if undefined, role in efforts to bring peace to the Middle East.
New York Times(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 未阐明的; 未限定的
分布：未定义的(87%)，不明确的(13%)
adj. 不明确的； [计] 未下定义的
 - vague, non-specific

Word: undiscovered
Front: undiscovered
[ˌʌndɪsˈkʌvəd] (17155/18819)
Back: adj. 未被发现的，隐藏的
分布：未被发现的(100%)
ADJ
未被发现的；未知的；未被注意的
Something that is undiscovered has not been discovered or noticed.
例：The name Vulcan was given to the undiscovered planet...一颗不为人知的行星被命名为“祝融”。
例：This site remained undiscovered, though long sought, until recent times.虽经长期寻找，但该遗址直到最近才被发现。
adj. 未被发现的；未勘探的
 - undetected, unfound

Word: untried
Front: untried
[ˌʌnˈtraɪd] (26426/19767)
Back: adj. 未曾尝试的
分布：没有经验的(37%)，未经实验的(25%)，未经审讯的(21%)，未试过的(17%)
adj. 未经实验的；未经审讯的；未经检查的
 - uninspected, unexamined

Word: whimsical
Front: whimsical
[ˈwɪmzɪkl] (宝 13075/20692 -1)
Vocabulary: whimsical
(once / 1140 pages)
1adj 2adj
Whimsical means full of or characterized by whims, which are odd ideas that usually occur to you very suddenly. If you decide at the last minute to fly to Europe, you could say you went there on a whim.
Whimsical can also mean tending toward odd or unpredictable behavior. Both whimsical and whim are derived from an earlier English word whim-wham, which is of unknown origin. Whim-wham had about the same meaning as whim, but could also refer to an odd object or piece of clothing.
WORD FAMILY
whimsical: whimsicalest, whimsicality, whimsically+/whimsicality: whimsicalities/ whimsy: whimsical, whimsies, whimsiest
USAGE EXAMPLES
This format imposes a crude narrative structure on the day’s events, with peril ultimately usurped by a happy, or at least whimsical, conclusion.
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
But most of all it’s the whimsical tone of a fantasy that wavers between satire and wish fulfillment.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
All told, the whimsical splurge will run a little less than 1 percent more than last year, largely because of slow economic growth.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 异想天开的; 反复无常的; 古怪的，奇形怪状的
分布：古怪的(40%)，异想天开的(36%)，反复无常的(24%)
→来自whimsy,怪念头，怪想法。
adjective
■unusual and strange in a way that might be funny or annoying 离奇的；古怪的；异想天开的
• a whimsical tale 离奇的故事
• Despite his kindly, sometimes whimsical air, he was a shrewd observer of people. 尽管他为人和善，有时也有些古怪，但对人观察很敏锐。
adj. 古怪的；异想天开的；反复无常的
 - odd, curious

Word: untie
Front: untie
[ʌnˈtaɪ] (六 14160/24901 -1)
Back: vi. 松开，解开; 被解开（或解下）
vt. 解除，使自由; 解决; 使解脱
时态：untied, untying, unties
分布：解开(83%)，松开(17%)
(untying, untied, untied)
verb transitive IMPROVER
■to unfasten a knot or something tied 解开；松开
vt. 解开；解决；使自由
 - decide, settle, free
vi. 解开；松开
 - uncoil, disengage from

Word: vector
Front: vector
[ˈvektə(r)] (六 10136/5909)
Vocabulary: vector
(once / 18942 pages)
1n 2n
One definition of a vector is that of a carrier — it might be an insect like a mosquito that carries and transmits a bacterium or virus, or it might be some agent that carries genetically engineered DNA into a cell.
Considering that the Latin word vector comes from the word vehere, which means "to carry," it's not surprising that the current use of the word also "carries" the same meaning. In fact, in computers, a vector is a method used to propagate a computer virus. However, the word vector is also used in various scientific areas, including mathematics, where it indicates something possessing both size and direction; and aeronautics, where it indicates a projectile's course.
WORD FAMILY
vector: vectors
USAGE EXAMPLES
They destroy gardens and are vectors for disease.
Slate(Dec 16, 2016)
Just before going silent the pilot made a final plea to land: “Vectors, señorita. Landing vectors.”
The Guardian(Nov 30, 2016)
He says the Kodiak complex is still working with Vector and that he’s confident a launch will happen at the facility later in 2017.
Washington Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 矢量; 航向; [生]带菌者; [天]矢径
vt. 用无线电引导; 为…导航
分布：向量(56%)，矢量(42%)，带菌者(2%)
→来自拉丁语vehere,携带，词源同vehicle,way,-ct,过去分词后缀。用来指数学名词向量。
US [-tɚ] specialized
noun countable
CALCULATION 计算
■something physical such as a force which has size and direction 向量；向量 Compare scalar
UK ['vek.tər] US [-tɚ] specialized
noun countable
ANIMAL 动物
■an insect or animal which carries a disease from one animal or plant to another （在动物或植物之间传播疾病的）昆虫媒介，传病媒介
• Mosquitoes are the vectors of malaria. 蚊子是疟疾的传播媒介。
n. 矢量；带菌者；航线
 - carrier, lane

Word: zagreb

Word: abbreviation
Front: abbreviation
[əˌbri:viˈeɪʃn] (六托雅 20008/15465)
Vocabulary: abbreviation
(once / 3292 pages)
n
Abbreviation is the process of shortening something, usually a word or phrase, or the shortened version itself. “Mr.” is the abbreviation of “mister,” NASA is the abbreviation of National Aeronautics and Space Administration, etc. (hey, that's an abbreviation too).
There are different types of abbreviations. Some are followed by a period (.) to show that the word has been shortened. Acronyms, like DNA, SAT, or NATO, which are abbreviations that are formed from the first letters of a series of words, are written in all capitals. And don’t get confused: if your friend asks to give you an abbreviation of his speech, he’s not going to shorten each word; he’s just going to leave the details out.
WORD FAMILY
abbreviation: abbreviations+/ abbreviate: abbreviated, abbreviates, abbreviating, abbreviation, abbreviator/abbreviator: abbreviators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr Mathies apologised for a police tweet which referred to checks on "Nafris" - a police abbreviation for "North African offenders".
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
He also expanded his vocabulary of Arabic slang and abbreviations.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
The director of the lab’s clinical-lab evaluation program replied that the practices sounded like “a form of PT cheating,” using an abbreviation for proficiency testing.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 16, 2016)
Back: n. 省略，缩写，简化，缩写词，略语; [数学]约分; [音乐]略号
分布：缩写(100%)
noun countable
■a short form of a word or phrase 缩略，缩写
• 'ITV' is the abbreviation for 'Independent Television'. ITV 是 Independent Television（独立电视台）的缩写。
n. [语] 缩写；缩写词
 - abridgement, sigillum

Word: abnormality
Front: abnormality
[ˌæbnɔ:ˈmæləti] (11416/7380 -1)
Back: n. 反常; 变态; 畸形; 不合常规的现象或事件
分布：异常(80%)，畸形(10%)，反常(6%)，变态(4%)
US [-nɔ:r'mæl.ə.tˌi] noun countable or uncountable
■something abnormal, usually in the body （通常指身体的）反常，异常，变态，紊乱
• genetic/congenital abnormalities 遗传变异／先天畸形
• An increasing number of tests are available for detecting foetal abnormalities. 检测胎儿畸形的方法越来越多。
• The X-rays showed some slight abnormality. X光检查显示有轻度畸形。
n. 异常；畸形，变态
 - anomaly, deviance

Word: blandishment
Front: blandishment
['blændɪʃmənt] (宝 30129/-)
Vocabulary: blandishment
(once / 5811 pages)
n
When you hear a blandishment come your way, you may feel flattered, as that's what a blandisher intends to do. However, beware because that flattery may come with the underlying intention of persuading you to do something!
The noun blandishment is related to the old-fashioned verb blandish meaning "to coax with flattery, or kind words." A blandishment is often teasing in tone, and the intention to persuade is usually thinly veiled. Your brother may use a blandishment or two to get you to do his chores, and you're going to know exactly what he's after. But the saying "You get more flies with honey" just might hold true if you find yourself taking out the trash when it's not your turn.
WORD FAMILY
blandishment: blandishments+/blandish: blandished, blandishes, blandishing, blandishment
USAGE EXAMPLES
On certain matters they are open to conservative blandishments; on economic issues, however, they are pretty far to the left.
The Guardian(Nov 29, 2016)
Critics of Obama’s approach argue that such blandishments have merely helped shore up a repugnant communist regime.
The New Yorker(Nov 26, 2016)
Resisting the freelance blandishments of chancers promising a glimpse of the real Africa, I signed up for a day tour with the official tourism authorities.
BBC(Oct 20, 2016)
Back: n. 奉承，讨好
分布：奉承(100%)
【记】bland温和的，ish表动作－用温和的手段骗－哄骗
【反】threat（n 恐吓）
n. 奉承；谄媚；哄诱
 - court, flattery, adulation

Word: bosporus

Word: abode
Front: abode
[əˈbəʊd] (19221/14966)
Vocabulary: abode
(once / 344 pages)
n
Your abode is where you live. The Queen of England's abode may be far from humble, but it's the home where she rests her weary crown at the end of each day.
Though it is often humble, as in, "Welcome to our humble abode," an abode is just a formal way of describing your home. A British solicitor (lawyer) would also use the word abode to describe his office, and if he worked from his home the word would cover both his work and his residence. Interestingly, if you were to substitute the o in the middle of the word for a c, you'd have the first five letters of the alphabet — abcde.
WORD FAMILY
abode: abodes
USAGE EXAMPLES
Naypyidaw, the grand but empty capital Myanmar’s generals built for themselves, means “abode of kings”, a hint at their aspirations.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Andrew Saunders, 20, of no fixed abode, was later arrested, and then charged.
BBC(Dec 19, 2016)
A comfortable, luxurious maze of a place, steps from most of what you want to do in the Bard’s abode.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 住所; 公寓; <古>（在某地的）暂住; 逗留
vt. <古>预兆，预示
v. 容忍( abide的过去式和过去分词 ); 等候; 逗留; 停留
分布：住所(54%)，住处(38%)，逗留(4%)，动词abide的过去式和过去分词(4%)
→abide的过去分词，后词性转为名词。
【记】ab离开，ode读：old－离开旧的时代，我们就不用住贫民区了，可以住正常的住处。
【区】b＝避，abode是躲避风雨，拥抱亲情的地方d＝地，与土有关，所以adobe是土坯（晒干的砖头）。
US [-'boʊd] noun countable usually singular
■the place where someone lives 住所；寓所
• formal The defendant is of no fixed abode (= has no permanent home). 被告没有固定住所。
• humorous Welcome to my humble abode! 欢迎光临寒舍！
n. 住处；营业所
 - residence, accommodation
v. 遵守；停留；忍受（abide的过去分词）
 - stayed, observed, borne

Word: apologetic
Front: apologetic
[əˌpɒləˈdʒetɪk] (雅 14720/14252 -1)
Vocabulary: apologetic
(once / 1273 pages)
adj
If you're apologetic, you're very sorry about something. You might offer an apologetic smile at another driver if you accidentally honk at her.
Someone who's apologetic is regretful or contrite, and usually openly expresses this feeling in some way. An apologetic note might say, "I am so sorry I picked all the flowers off your rose bush!" Apologetic was originally a noun, and its meaning in the 1600s was much closer to "justification" than "apology." It comes from a Greek root, apologetikos, "defensible." It didn't come to mean "regretfully acknowledging failure" until 1855.
WORD FAMILY
apologetic: apologetically, unapologetic +/ apologise: apologised, apologises, apologising/ apologist: apologists/ apologize: apologized, apologizes, apologizing/ apology: apologetic, apologies, apologise, apologist, apologize / unapologetic: unapologetically
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Epix political comedy “Graves” got very little attention, but apparently someone noticed Nick Nolte’s gruff performance as an apologetic former president.
New York Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Finally, sotto voce, with an apologetic wince or sheepish smile, anticipating the word’s being volleyed back in an affected Boston Brahmin accent: Harvard.
New York Times(Dec 10, 2016)
The actual discussion seemed to be a relatively routine chat between a disappointed coach and an apologetic player.
Washington Post(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: adj. 道歉的; 辩解的
n. 辩解; （为事业、信仰等所作的）辩护
adv. 抱歉地
分布：道歉的(51%)，赔罪的(21%)，认错的(14%)，正式的辩护(14%)
道歉的(apology道歉)[-etic表形容词"属于…的"]
US [-ˌpɑ:.lə'dʒetˌ.ɪk] adjective
■showing that you feel sorry about having caused someone problems or unhappiness 表示歉意的；抱歉的；道歉的
• She was so apologetic about forgetting my birthday it was almost embarrassing. 她因忘记我的生日而深感歉疚，这倒让我有些不好意思了。
• I hope he was suitably apologetic for breaking your glasses. 他打破了你的眼镜，我希望他能够适当地道个歉。

Word: aladdin
Front: aladdin
[əˈlædin] (-/19287)
Back: n. 阿拉丁（神话<一千零一夜>中寻获神灯和魔指环的少年）
分布：名词(100%)

Word: botanist
Front: botanist
[ˈbɒtənɪst] (14787/16336)
Vocabulary: botanist
(once / 2381 pages)
n
Use the noun botanist to describe a biologist whose specialty is plants — the way they grow, the differences between them, and everything else that has to do with plant science.
The earliest botanists, in the 1500s, began a system of classifying plants scientifically, while modern botanists study the DNA of plants as well as their uses in medicine and nutrition. The root word is botanic, from the Greek botanikos, "of herbs."
WORD FAMILY
botanist: botanists+/botanic: botanically/ botanical: botanicals/botanise: botanised, botanises, botanising/botanize: botanized, botanizes, botanizing/ botany: botanic, botanical, botanies, botanise, botanist, botanize
USAGE EXAMPLES
Tradescant was an avid plant collector and botanist, a prime example of the English aristocracy’s longstanding fascination with plants.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
This patch of self-willed wood might have raised a smile from botanist and historical ecologist Oliver Rackham.
Nature(Oct 18, 2016)
Budding botanists can also enjoy demonstrations of beekeeping and bulb planting, as well as farm and compost tours.
New York Times(Oct 13, 2016)
Back: n. 植物学家，研究植物的人
分布：植物学家(100%)
US ['bɑ:.tˌən-] noun countable
■a scientist who studies plants 植物学家；专门研究植物的人

Word: buggy
Front: buggy
[ˈbʌgi] (托宝 13418/15325 -1)
Vocabulary: buggy
(once / 1313 pages)
1n 2adj 3adj
A buggy is a cart with wheels that's pulled by a horse. In the 19th century, the most popular way to take short trips was in a horse and buggy.
Most people think of a horse pulling a carriage when they hear the word buggy, although you can use the term for other small vehicles, whether they're electric or powered by gasoline — like a golf buggy. If you use buggy to describe a camp site, however, you mean it's infested with insects. The origins of both meanings are uncertain, although the Middle English bugge, "something frightening" might be one root of the "full of bugs" definition.
WORD FAMILY
buggy: buggies, bugginess+/ bug: bugged, bugging, buggy, bugs, debug, superbug/debug: debugged, debugger, debugging, debugs/debugger: debuggers/superbug: superbugs
USAGE EXAMPLES
"We got rid of the buggy early and the girls walked everywhere," she said.
BBC(Dec 20, 2016)
She decided to ban young children from her eaterie in response to concerns over noise levels and buggies around tables.
BBC(Dec 16, 2016)
The software tends to be amateurishly written and buggy.
Seattle Times(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: n. 婴儿车，童车; <俚>旧汽车; 小机动车; 轻便马车
adj. 多臭虫精神病的，疯的的; <俚>神经有毛病的，古怪的，淘气的
分布：婴儿车(61%)，多虫的(26%)，轻型马车(13%)
→词源不详。可能来自bogie, 台车，转向架。
【记】bug臭虫。象臭虫一样大的车：婴儿车
noun countable
BABY CHAIR 婴儿车 UK pushchair
['bʌg.i] noun countable
CAR 车
■a small car, usually with no roof, which is designed for driving on rough ground （为在崎岖路面行驶而设计的无顶）小汽车
• a golf/dune buggy 高尔夫球车／沙丘汽车
['bʌg.i] noun countable
CARRIAGE 马车 old-fashioned
■a light carriage pulled by one horse （一匹马拉的）轻便马车

Word: chopper
Front: chopper
[ˈtʃɒpə(r)] (9970/20873 -1)
Back: n. [电子] 斩波器; 斧子，斧头; 切碎机; <俚>直升机
vt. 用直升机运送
vi. 乘直升机飞行
分布：斧头(31%)，摩托车(22%)，切碎机(17%)，砍刀(15%)，一副假牙(10%)，砍劈者(5%)
→来自chop, 砍，剁。
US ['tʃɑ:.pɚ] noun
AIRCRAFT 飞机
countable informal for
■ helicopter
UK ['tʃɒp.ər] US ['tʃɑ:.pɚ] noun
TOOL 工具
countable
■a small axe held in one hand 小斧头
UK ['tʃɒp.ər] US ['tʃɑ:.pɚ] noun
TEETH 牙齿
choppers
[plural] slang
■teeth, especially a set of artificial teeth 牙齿；（尤指）一副假牙
UK ['tʃɒp.ər] US ['tʃɑ:.pɚ] noun
PENIS 阴茎
countable UK slang for
■penis 阴茎
n. [电子] 斩波器；斧头； [机] 切碎机
 - oxe, lopper

Word: bung
Front: bung
[bʌŋ] (44903/21566)
Back: n. 桶等的塞子
v. 桶孔堵
时态：bunged, bunging, bungs
分布：塞子(55%)，塞住(17%)，木塞(14%)，投掷(14%)
→来自词根pung, 击，打，刺，见puncture, 刺。代指塞子，瓶塞。
noun countable
CLOSING DEVICE 盖子 UK informal (usually US stopper)
■a round piece of rubber, wood, etc. that is used to close the hole in a container （橡胶、木头等制作的）塞子
[bʌŋ] noun countable
MONEY 钱 UK informal
■a payment made to someone to persuade them to do something, usually something dishonest 贿赂；贿款
• Of course both the politicians denied taking bungs. 当然两个政客都否认曾接受过贿赂。
[bʌŋ] verb transitive + adverb or preposition mainly UK informal
■to put something somewhere in a careless way 扔，丢
• "Where shall I put my coat?" "Oh, bung it anywhere." “我把外套放在哪里？”“噢，随便放哪里都行！”
[bʌŋ] verb transitive + adverb or preposition mainly UK informal
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] bung sth up UK informal
■to cause something to be blocked so that it does not work in the way it should 堵塞；塞住
• The toilet was bunged up with paper. 马桶被厕纸堵住了。
vt. 塞住；攻击
 - plug, have at
n. 塞子
 - plug, tampion

Word: checker
Front: checker
[ˈtʃekə(r)] (14586/25715)
Back: n. 方格图案
vt. 使（某物）呈现方格图案或不同颜色或不同深浅的方格
时态：checkered, checkering, checkers
分布：棋子(43%)，方格(25%)，检查员(16%)，检验器(16%)
→来自check, 棋子。
US [-ɚ] US
noun countable
■a cashier (PERSON)
n. [经管] [计] 检验员；收银员；棋子；方格图案；制止者
 - examiner, hecker
vt. 把…画成棋盘形方格图案；使多样化
 - vary, diversify

Word: clockwork
Front: clockwork
[ˈklɒkwɜ:k] (18587/18929 -1)
Back: n. （玩具、钟表等上面的）发条装置; 钟表机械
分布：发条装置(67%)，钟表装置(33%)
US ['klɑ:k.wɝ:k] noun uncountable
■a system of springs and wheels that you wind (= turn) with a key or handle to make some clocks, toys and other devices operate （时钟、玩具等的）发条装置
• a clockwork train/mouse 发条玩具火车／玩具老鼠
UK ['klɒk.wɜ:k] US ['klɑ:k.wɝ:k] noun uncountable
like clockwork (also (as) regular as clockwork)
■very regularly, or at exactly the planned times 非常有规律；极为准时
• Since the recent improvements to the service, the buses are running like clockwork. 最近，自从改善服务后，公车运行得非常准时。
• My daughter always calls me every Friday evening, (as) regular as clockwork. 我女儿总是每星期五晚上给我打电话，非常准时。
UK ['klɒk.wɜ:k] US ['klɑ:k.wɝ:k] noun uncountable
run/go like clockwork
■to happen exactly as planned, without any trouble 准时进行；顺利进行
• The party went like clockwork. 晚会进行得很顺利。

Word: cogent
Front: cogent
[ˈkəʊdʒənt] (托宝 20848/19762)
Vocabulary: cogent
(once / 4099 pages)
adj
When you make a cogent argument, it means your argument is clear and persuasive. In these days of 24-hour entertainment news and sound-bite sized explanations of complex government policy, it’s hard to find a cogent argument amidst all the emotional outbursts.
Cogent comes from a Latin word meaning to drive together, so cogent thinking is well-organized: it hangs together. If you try to convince your mayor to build a new park by saying that playgrounds are good, seeing the sky is nice, and raccoons are cool…well that’s not a cogent argument; it’s just random. But you could cogently argue that parks contribute to civic happiness by providing space for exercise, community, and encounters with nature.
WORD FAMILY
cogent: cogency, cogently
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Nick brought his brilliant intellect, cogent writing skills, curiosity and relentless work ethic to everything he did,” Tigar wrote.
Seattle Times(Dec 06, 2016)
The show, which cogently lays out the history of art made in the wake of the Mexican Revolution, is “sprawling” and “thrilling.”
Los Angeles Times(Nov 24, 2016)
But the story of Mexican art during and after the Revolution is cogently laid out in five sections.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: adj. （理由、论据）有说服力的，令人信服的
分布：有说服力的(50%)，令人信服的(50%)
→co-, 强调。-ag, 驱动，做，词源同agent.
【记】co共同，gent读：震他－说的话能震住他－有说服力的
【参】cogency（n 说服力，中肯）
【反】unconvincing（adj 不足以令人相信的）
US ['koʊ-] formal
adjective
■describes an argument or reason, etc. that is clearly expressed and persuades people to believe it （论据或理由）令人信服的，有说服力的，强而有力的
adj. 强有力的；使人信服的
 - powerful, forceful

Word: connector
Front: connector
[kəˈnektə(r)] (12477/13024)
Back: n. 连接器，连接体
分布：连接头(100%)
US [-tɚ] specialized
noun countable
■a device at the end of a wire in a piece of electrical equipment, which holds the wire in position 连接器，连接管
• electrical connectors 电源连接器
n. [口腔] [电子] [计] [电] 连接器，连接头
 - bonder, junctor

Word: crescendo
Front: crescendo
[krəˈʃendəʊ] (宝 16560/18725)
Vocabulary: crescendo
(once / 5922 pages)
nvadj
In a crescendo, the music is getting louder. There's often a crescendo in a large group of talking people, too.
This word comes from classical music, where it's very important how loudly the instruments play. If a tuba is crescendoing at the wrong time, then a quiet piano part might not be heard at all. The crescendo is important in all kinds of music, because volume — how loud something is — is one of the main features of music. If you are whispering and gradually raise your voice and then end up shouting, that's a crescendo as well.
WORD FAMILY
crescendo: crescendi, crescendoed, crescendoing, crescendos, decrescendo+/decrescendo: decrescendos
USAGE EXAMPLES
The song builds to a crescendo, and ends in a whimper.
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
The final section was dominated by long sustained chords that would crescendo and then subside into almost inaudible calm.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Crescendoing from totally mundane music video concepts to actual surreal, semi-frightening 3D experiences, the six-piece series shows the artist’s growing mastery of this burgeoning technology.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. （声音）渐强
时态：crescendoed, crescendoing, crescendoes
分布：高潮(72%)，声音渐增(19%)，顶峰(9%)
→来自ker , 创造，生长，词源同create。-esce, 表起始。用做音乐术语。
(音乐)渐强(cresc逐渐增加)[-o 1.表名词"人,物或状态"2.表名词,用于音乐术语]
【记】crescend成长，上升，o表示音乐－音乐渐强
【参】crescent（n 新月；月牙；adj 逐渐增加的）
【反】decrease in volume（声音减弱）
US [-doʊ] (plural crescendos)
noun countable usually singular
■a gradual increase in loudness, or the moment when a noise or piece of music is at its loudest （音乐的）渐强；最强音；（声音的）最高点
• The music reached a crescendo. 乐曲达到了最强音。
■an increase in excitement, danger or action （激情、危险或行为的）逐渐增强
• There has been a rising crescendo of violence in the region. 该地区的暴力愈演愈烈。

Word: confucianism

Word: covent

Word: damon

Word: deceptively
Front: deceptively
[dɪ'septɪvlɪ] (15949/18658)
Back: adv. 迷惑地; 虚伪地，欺诈地
分布：虚伪地(51%)，骗人地(33%)，靠不住地(16%)
ADJ-GRADED
欺骗性的;造成假象的
If something is deceptive, it encourages you to believe something which is not true.
例：Appearances can be deceptive.外表可能是靠不住的。
adv. 迷惑地，骗人地；虚伪地
 - falsely, lyingly

Word: desegregation
Front: desegregation
[ˌdi:ˌseɡrɪ'ɡeɪʃn] (13777/47301)
Vocabulary: desegregation
(once / 10469 pages)
n
Desegregation is the process of ending the separation of different racial, religious, or cultural groups. A major goal of the US Civil Rights Movement of the 20th century was desegregation of black and white people.
When you segregate one group of people, you deliberately keep them separate or apart from others. During much of America's history, there has been a policy of segregating African Americans in society — at various times, segregation has existed in the military, housing, jobs, education, and many other areas. Desegregation has attempted to remove this division and to integrate people of all races into the general community. The Latin root is segregatus, "set apart," or "separate from the flock."
WORD FAMILY
desegregate: desegregated, desegregates, desegregating, desegregation +/ segregate: desegregate, segregated, segregates, segregating, segregation, segregator/ segregated: nonsegregated, unsegregated/ segregation: segregationism, segregations/segregationism: segregationist / segregationist: segregationists/segregator: segregators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Brewer criticized school busing, as did foes of desegregation, but he appeared moderate on race when compared with Wallace.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Department of Justice to block any merger based on the district’s federal desegregation order.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Justice Department and private plaintiffs are spurning the latest desegregation plan from a Mississippi school district.
Washington Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 废除种族隔离
分布：废除种族隔离(64%)，废止岐视(36%)
VERB
废除(地区、机构或服务等)的种族隔离
To desegregate something such as a place, institution, or service means to officially stop keeping the people who use it in separate groups, especially groups that are defined by race.
例：...efforts to desegregate sport...为废除体育领域的种族隔离所作的努力
例：The school system itself is not totally desegregated.教育体系本身并没有完全废除种族隔离。

Word: cryptographic
Front: cryptographic
['krɪptəʊ'græfɪk] (34487/-)
Back: adj. 关于暗号的，用密码写的
分布：密码的(100%)

Word: desertion
Front: desertion
[dɪ'zɜ:ʃn] (宝 20133/14889)
Back: n. 离弃; 抛弃; 擅离职守; 开小差
分布：遗弃(72%)，开小差(23%)，潜逃(5%)
US [-'zɝ:-] noun
RUN AWAY 逃走
countable or uncountable
■the process of leaving the armed forces without permission 当逃兵
• During the war, desertion was punishable by death. 战争时当逃兵可被判死刑。
• There were thousands of desertions in the last weeks of the war. 在战争即将结束的最后几周时间里发生了数千宗逃兵事件。
• figurative There have been mass desertions from (= a lot of people have left) the party in recent months. 数月来出现了大量退党事件。
UK [dɪ'zɜ:.ʃən] US [-'zɝ:-] noun
LEAVE BEHIND 丢下
uncountable
■the process of leaving someone behind in a difficult situation 抛弃，丢弃
• Roger got his divorce on the grounds of desertion (= because his wife had left him). 罗杰因妻子出走而获准离婚。
n. 遗弃；开小差；逃亡
 - escape, exposing

Word: earring
Front: earring
[ˈɪərɪŋ] (宝 6973/10449 -1)
Vocabulary: earring
(once / 3304 pages)
n
An earring is jewelry you wear on your ear. Your favorite earrings might be tiny white pearls, or they might be long feathers that dangle to your shoulders.
An earring is any kind of ring, stud, hoop, or dangling decoration that you clip on your earlobe or hook through a hole pierced in your ear. Many people wear two matching earrings, one in each lobe, although others have just one pierced ear and wear a single earring — and some have multiple piercings in which they can wear a variety of earrings. In the 18th century, an earring that dangled was called an ear-drop.
WORD FAMILY
earring: earrings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Who was this beautiful man, with his beautiful hair, his beautiful face, his lashes, his two gold hoop earrings?
The New Yorker(Dec 26, 2016)
She wore winter boots, a dark sweater patterned with snowflakes, and twinkling stud earrings.
The New Yorker(Dec 22, 2016)
Not to mention star-studded guitar cases, earrings and eyeshadow palettes.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 耳环; 耳饰
分布：耳环(85%)，耳饰(15%)
US ['ɪr.ɪŋ] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a piece of jewellery, usually one of a pair, worn in a hole in the ear or fixed to the ear by a clip 耳环，耳饰
• gold earrings 金耳环
• a pair of dangly earrings 一副长吊坠耳环
• He was wearing an earring in his left ear. 他左耳戴着一只耳环。
n. 耳环，耳饰
 - eardrop, dangler
v. 抽穗；听见（ear的ing形式）
 - hearing

Word: dickensian

Word: estimation
Front: estimation
[ˌestɪˈmeɪʃn] (10340/10164)
Vocabulary: estimation
(once / 868 pages)
1n 2n
The noun estimation refers to a judgment of the qualities of something or someone. In your estimation no boy will be good enough for your daughter. He could be the kindest and smartest person on the planet and you'd still find fault.
The noun estimation has its Latin roots in aestimare, meaning "to value." One of the definitions for estimation is an approximate calculation of something's value. If you go to an auction, you can often review a catalog that will have an estimation of the value of each item for sale. Sometimes the items sell for more than the estimation and sometimes less. The auctioneer hopes there are many bids for the pair of stone lions, but if you're bidding, you hope you're the only one who wants them.
WORD FAMILY
estimation: estimations+/ estimable: estimably, inestimable / estimate: estimable, estimated, estimates, estimating, estimation, estimator, misestimate, overestimate, underestimate /estimator: estimators/ inestimable: inestimably/misestimate: misestimated, misestimates, misestimation/ overestimate: overestimated, overestimates, overestimating, overestimation/overestimation: overestimations/ underestimate: underestimated, underestimates, underestimating, underestimation/underestimation: underestimations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Officer Joe Warren of the Chattanooga Police Department’s traffic division revealed the estimation in Hamilton County court on Thursday.
Washington Times(Dec 15, 2016)
The photograph is true, and—if it’s a good one, by Benson’s estimation—it captures something that will never happen again.
Time(Dec 09, 2016)
Jews and Muslims, in their estimation, are often also seen as equally and dangerous and corrupting, powerfully intent on wreaking havoc on Christian culture.
Salon(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: n. 估计; 评价; 判断; 尊敬
分布：估计(93%)，判断(5%)，尊重(2%)
noun
OPINION 看法
only singular
■your opinion of someone or something 估计；判断；看法
• In my estimation a lot of other banks are going to have the same problem. 据我判断，其他很多银行也将出现同样的问题。
• He sank in my estimation (= My opinion of him fell) when I saw how he treated his wife. 当我看到他如何对待他的妻子时，他在我心目中的形象一落千丈。
[ˌes.tɪ'meɪ.ʃən] noun
GUESS 猜测
countable or uncountable
■a guess about the cost, size, value, etc of something （费用、尺寸、价值等的）估计，估测
• computer-aided estimations 电脑辅助估测
• estimation of the cost 对费用的估计
n. [数] 估计；尊重
 - computation, calculation, appraisal, respect, regard

Word: fragrance
Front: fragrance
[ˈfreɪgrəns] (托雅宝 8174/10515 -2)
Vocabulary: fragrance
(once / 783 pages)
n
A fragrance is a smell, usually a pleasant or sweet smell. Often perfumes are called fragrances.
If you like the fragrance of coffee, you like its smell. Unlike the word odor, which usually means a bad smell, fragrances are usually good smells. People love the fragrance of flowers and good food. A specific smell can also be called a fragrance. When celebrities come out with their own perfume, it’s often referred to as a fragrance. Any aroma you enjoy — whether it’s perfume, flowers, or food — can be called a fragrance.
WORD FAMILY
fragrance: fragrances+/fragrancy: fragrancies/ fragrant: fragrance, fragrancy, fragrantly
USAGE EXAMPLES
We sweetened our offer by agreeing to buy everyone a bottle of the fragrance Empire by Trump.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
A sharply focused introduction to each chapter further puts the decade — and its fragrance fashion — in perspective.
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
A sharply focused introduction to each chapter further puts the decade - and its fragrance fashion - in perspective.
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 芳香，芬芳; 浓馥，香气; 香水，常用于广告语
分布：香味(100%)
→来自bhrag, 闻，词源同brach(雌猎犬). 其本义为释放气味，闻，也包含放屁。所以该词可能来自bhreg, 分开，破开，词源同break. 即放出气味。后词义固定为芳香。比较odorous, 其原义为闻，但词义更多指难闻的，有臭味的。
noun countable or uncountable
■a sweet or pleasant smell 芳香，香气
• the delicate fragrance of roses 玫瑰花淡雅的芳香
■a liquid which people put on their bodies to make themselves smell pleasant 香水
• a brand new fragrance for men 新款男士香水
smell, fragrance, incense, perfume, flavour, odour, scent
这组词都有“气味”的意思，其区别是：
smell: 普通用词，与odour很相近，中性词。可指好闻或不好闻或中性气味。
fragrance: 较正式的典雅用词，常指花妆品、花朵和香料等发出的令人感到新鲜、愉快的香味。
incense: 指香燃烧时发出的芳香的烟味。
perfume: 书面用词，指强烈、浓厚天然或人工制造的香气。
flavour: 指影响嗅觉、味觉的香气或香味，多用于指食物等独特的味。
odour: 书面中性词，侧重气味本身的本质，既可指令人愉快的气味，也可指令人作呕难闻气味。
scent: 与smell很接近，但着重某物质或物体所特有的气味，多指好闻的气味。
n. 香味，芬芳
 - flavour, redolence

Word: flab
Front: flab
[flæb] (27129/35524)
Vocabulary: flab
(once / 3779 pages)
n
Flab is extra flesh or fat on a person's body. Some people take up jogging in the hopes of reducing their flab.
You might notice some extra flab on your belly after a long, inactive winter — even your dog may be carrying around a little flab. Exercise and eating well are the keys to getting rid of flab, if you're unhappy with it. The adjective flabby came before the noun flab, in the late 17th century as a variation on the word flappy, "softly fleshy" in the 1590s.
WORD FAMILY
flab: flabby, flabs+/ flabby: flabbier, flabbiest, flabbily, flabbiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
He is a six-foot-five-inch former military policeman, whose weight fluctuates between two hundred and twenty and two hundred and fifty pounds, none of it flab.
The New Yorker(Nov 06, 2016)
There’s not an ounce of flab in the 34-minute set, and varied musical approaches make it seem even shorter.
Washington Times(Sep 13, 2016)
For me, a far bigger problem is that it just doesn’t have much musical muscle tone, and a lot of flab.
Washington Post(Jul 22, 2016)
Back: n. 松弛; 软组织
分布：松弛的肌肉(100%)
→逆构自flabby, 松驰的。
noun uncountable informal disapproving
■soft loose flesh on someone's body （人体）松弛的肉
• I've got to lose this flab on my belly! 我要减掉肚子上的赘肉！
n. 松弛；松弛的肌肉
 - slackness, laxation

Word: furtive
Front: furtive
[ˈfɜ:tɪv] (宝 17887/16387 -1)
Vocabulary: furtive
(once / 1024 pages)
adj
If you're looking for a formal adjective to describe something sly or secret, sneak in furtive. Let's hope the teacher doesn't see your furtive attempts to pass notes in class!
The adjective, furtive, is related to fūrtum, the Latin word for theft or robbery. This is apparent as the expressions "to give someone a furtive glance" and "to steal a glance at someone" mean the same thing. If a person's manner is furtive, he or she is acting suspiciously. Secret, stealthy and sly are all similar in meaning, but they lack this image of a thief's actions.
WORD FAMILY
furtive: furtively, furtiveness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Meanwhile, Lowe was planning a furtive operation of his own.
The New Yorker(Nov 20, 2016)
Marianne and Paul’s bliss is soon rather violently commandeered by wandering glances and furtive caresses.
New York Times(Nov 20, 2016)
A furtive look, a stunned speechlessness, an admission that sticks in the throat before it can get out — they all communicate volumes here.
Seattle Times(Nov 08, 2016)
Back: adj. 鬼鬼祟祟的; 诡诈的; 贼头贼脑
分布：偷偷的(100%)
→来自拉丁语fur, 小偷，贼。进一步来自bher, 携带，带来，词源同bring, infer.
偷偷摸摸的[furt=steal(偷)]
【反】open（adj 坦率的）；sublime（adj 庄严崇高的）『worthless』；forthright（adj 直接的；直率坦白的）；brassy（adj 厚脸皮的）
US ['fɝ:.tˌɪv] adjective
■(of people) behaving secretly and often dishonestly, or (of actions) done secretly and often dishonestly （人）偷偷摸摸的；鬼鬼祟祟的；（行动）秘密的
• I saw him cast a furtive glance at the woman at the table to his right. 我看到他偷偷地扫了一眼坐在他右边桌子旁的女人。
• He made one or two furtive phone calls. 他鬼鬼祟祟地打了一两个电话。
• There was something furtive about his behaviour and I immediately felt suspicious. 他鬼鬼祟祟的，我马上觉得有些可疑。
adj. 鬼鬼祟祟的，秘密的
 - secret, underground, chamber, inside, cabinet

Word: gadfly
Front: gadfly
[ˈgædflaɪ] (宝 25817/39260)
Vocabulary: gadfly
(once / 9991 pages)
1n 2n
A gadfly is an irritating person, a nuisance who will often ask too many questions or lob lots of criticisms in order to get his or her way.
Gadfly can also refer to an actual fly. The next time you see a cow swatting at the air with her tail, look closer because she might actually be shooing away an annoying gadfly. This is any kind of fly that likes to pester, and even bite, livestock. The prefix gad is an old word for “spike” or “pointed stick” which can be thought of, in this case, as similar to a stinger. So if your office mate is continuously buzzing around your desk with stinging comments, call him a gadfly and try to shoo him back to his own desk.
WORD FAMILY
gadfly: gadflies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Clay Tiffany, a local gadfly, accused Mr. Tartaglione of beating him, according to The Journal News.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Though sometimes seen as a maverick or gadfly, Rakoff is a meticulous, conscientious judge, with an extensive background in the jurisprudence of fraud.
The New Yorker(Dec 12, 2016)
Since then he has continued to act as a gadfly, educating others and encouraging them to run, among them Ms Wu.
Economist(Nov 10, 2016)
Back: n. 牛虻
分布：牛虻(54%)，虻(41%)，惹人讨厌的人(5%)
→来自gad, 刺，尖头棒。fly, 昆虫。
【记】gad（n 赶牲畜用的尖头棒），fly（n 苍蝇）
n. [昆] 牛虻；讨厌的人
 - brize, oestrum

Word: friendless
Front: friendless
[ˈfrendləs] (30339/33098)
Back: adj. 没有朋友的，无依无靠的; 飘零无依
分布：没有朋友的(70%)，无依无靠的(30%)
adjective
■without friends 无朋友的
• Friendless and jobless, he wondered how he would survive the year. 没有朋友又没有工作，他不知道如何熬过这一年。
adj. 没有朋友的；无依无靠的；孤单的
 - dispossessed

Word: gastronomy
Front: gastronomy
[gæˈstrɒnəmi] (宝 34073/48585)
Vocabulary: gastronomy
(once / 8901 pages)
n
Gastronomy is all about food — the study of food, the history of food, making good food — how we have come to eat what we eat.
Despite appearances, gastronomy has nothing to do with gas (although if you eat a great deal of rich food from France, which is where we get the word, it may lead to the intestinal discomfort known as gas). Gastronomy concerns itself with the culture of your belly, gastro, in ancient Greek. In France, where they take their food very seriously, they have an entire academy devoted to the study of gastronomy, or gastronomie — as they say.
WORD FAMILY
gastronomy: gastronomic, gastronomical, gastronomies+/gastronomic: gastronomically
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Gastronomy is part of our DNA,” she said.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 23, 2016)
Fussell takes the tragic view of both gastronomy and life: For her, pleasure and pain are inevitably intertwined.
Washington Post(Nov 28, 2016)
He avoided jumping on the molecular gastronomy bandwagon a few years back because he really didn’t care.
Seattle Times(Nov 18, 2016)
Back: n. 美食学，烹调法
分布：美食法(56%)，美食学(44%)
→gastro-, 胃，美食。-nomy, 学说。
【记】gastr胃
US [-'trɑ:.nə-] formal
noun uncountable
■the art and knowledge involved in preparing and eating good food 美食学，美食法；烹饪学
n. 烹饪法， [食品] 美食法；享乐主义
 - Epicureanism, sybaritism

Word: hateful
Front: hateful
[ˈheɪtfl] (四六 14495/20378)
Back: adj. 可恶的，十分讨厌的
分布：可恨的(100%)
→hate,厌恶，-ful,形容词后缀。
adjective old-fashioned
■very unpleasant 令人非常讨厌的，可恶的
• I never wear grey because it reminds me of my hateful school uniform. 我从不穿灰色的衣服，因为那让我想起了令人讨厌的校服。
adj. 可憎的；可恨的；可恶的
 - detestable, blanky

Word: hilt
Front: hilt
[hɪlt] (宝 17137/15735)
Vocabulary: hilt
(once / 1734 pages)
n
A hilt is a knife, sword, or dagger's handle. When you're learning to sword fight for your role in a Shakespeare drama, the first thing you'll learn is to hold onto the hilt.
The hilt of a sword is sometimes topped by a "pommel," an enlarged section of the handle, and protected by a "guard," which keeps your hand safe from your opponent's blade. The word hilt can also mean "totally" in the colloquial phrase "up to the hilt," as in: "That country's military is armed up to the hilt," or "They own lots of homes, but they're mortgaged up to the hilt."
WORD FAMILY
hilt: hilts
USAGE EXAMPLES
Like many women of her generation she understood that femininity is always a performance and she performed it to the hilt.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
“The Bicameral Minds” plays that to the hilt, particularly when Hector and Armistice bust up the lab.
New York Times(Dec 05, 2016)
Hedonism, pursued to the hilt, but creased with emptiness, loneliness and weakness: this was the Weeknd’s subject even before he was successful.
The Guardian(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: n. （刀剑、匕首等的）柄; 全力（ 支持某人等）; 彻底; 到最大程度
vt. 给…装柄
分布：柄(60%)，剑柄(28%)，刀把(12%)
→来自Proto-Germanic*helt,可能来自kel,击，打，砍，词源同clone,cleave,gladiator.
【参】haft（n 工具或武器的柄）；shaft（n 柄矛或箭杆）
noun countable
■the handle of a sharp pointed weapon such as a sword （锋利武器的）柄
[hɪlt] noun countable
(up) to the hilt
■Something that is done (up) to the hilt is done completely and without any limits 完全地，彻底地
• The government is already borrowing up to the hilt. 政府已经完全靠借贷度日了。
n. 刀把，柄
 - handle, shank

Word: hubbub
Front: hubbub
[ˈhʌbʌb] (托雅宝 20541/20486)
Vocabulary: hubbub
(once / 3117 pages)
n
Hubbub is a fun, rhyming word for an uproar, a brouhaha, or another crazy situation that has gone completely higgledy-piggledy.
No one would say, "What's the hubbub?" at the library, unless it was the loudest, most bonkers day ever in a place that is usually quiet. A hubbub is chaotic, disorganized, loud, and distracting. Sometimes, hubbub can mean a controversy, as in "What's the hubbub over this new law?" If you like peace and quiet, stay away from hubbubs — a word that sounds as loud and unruly as its meaning.
WORD COUNT
Word Tasting Note: "Hubbub"
We're happy to feature another installment of James Harbeck's Word Tasting Notes, this time on the word hubbub.
"What's the hubbub, Bub?" said Bugs Bunny. But, buddy, what is a hubbub? Is it the murmuring rhubarb and babble of a rubbernecking rabble, or the bawdy hubba-hubba of bad boys eyeballing a bobbysoxer, or the blubbering and bawling some lub who's been robbed? Is it simply general hullaballoo? Or is it something more threatening? A band of barbarians? A howling, perhaps as of a haboob?
If you look in the Visual Thesaurus, you see one node: "loud confused noise from many sources"; synonyms are brouhaha, uproar, and katzenjammer. But the Oxford English Dictionary, with its historical perspective, gives a small set of definitions, at the softer end of which is the rumbling murmur I remember from the mobs in the Banff Hot Springs, where I often bathed as a child, but at the louder end of which is a general hue and cry, even the shouting of a war cry. Spenser, in The Faerie Queene, used it thus: "They heard a noyse of many bagpipes shrill, And shrieking Hububs them approching nere." Shrieking hubbubs! They sound almost like banshees.
Well, hubbub does appear to have something in common with banshee: an Irish origin. It is, by old accounts, an Irish outcry, cognate perhaps with the Scots Gaelic interjection of aversion or contempt, ub! ub! ubub! This is not to say we know its source ab ovo, but earliest citations lead me to think this purported source is no booboo.
But does hubbub sound threatening enough? There's a reason it has shifted to a more general crowd sound, and I'm inclined to think it has to do with its greater resemblance to muddled incoherent speech sounds. After all, our wordbarbarian comes from the Greeks' impression of the speech sounds of foreign rabble: barbarbarbar.
Still, for the Celts, ubub was not simple urban rumble, nor even some exuberance. Indeed, the war cry of the ancient Irish was abu! (Compare this to the war cry of the juvenile Anglophone, leaping out from behind a piece of furniture: Boo!)
It's not the noise of a thousand tongues, though, not if they're all saying hubbub, because this is one of those few words one can say entirely without the use of the tongue. Orthographically it's at least as odd: almost a palindrome, except the h is an incomplete or burst b; its repeating sequences look a bit like one of those 3-D smudgeeos that used to feature in newspaper funny pages. Rotate it 180˚ and you get something spelling about as opposite a sound sequence as you could want: qnqqny.
But it hasn't always been spelled exactly that way, as the Spenser quote hints. Other forms the OED lists through its history are hooboube, hooboobe, hoeboube, whobub, hubub, hobub, whoo-bub, whoopubb, hoobub, howbub, how-bub, and hub hub. Put them together and they make a regular whoop-up, more like a frat-boy noise than some hot pool conversation. And you thought word tasting was a subdued hobby!
WORD FAMILY
hubbub: hubbubs
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Are you famous?” a passer-by asked, seeing the hubbub.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
But Ms. Peevey said she was “kind of happy” to get away from all the hubbub.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Yet, Kubiak wondered if that was even necessary, suggesting the hubbub “was not a big deal.”
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 嘈杂的说话声，骚动
分布：嘈杂(50%)，喧哗(50%)
→拟声词，喧闹声。
【记】象声词：hub，bub
noun uncountable
■a loud noise, especially caused by a lot of people all talking at the same time （很多人同时说话时产生的）喧嚷，喧闹
• I could hardly hear myself speak above all the hubbub in the theatre bar. 在剧院酒吧这种喧嚷的环境里，我几乎听不见自己的声音。
■general excitement and activity 纷乱；嘈杂
• Once the hubbub of the election had died down, it was back to normal for the President. 一旦选举之事尘埃落定，对于总统来说一切就恢复正常了。
n. 喧哗；骚动
 - combustion, turmoil

Word: glover
Front: glover
['glʌvə] (-/16522)
Back: n. 手套贩卖商
分布：手套贩卖商(75%)，制造手套者(25%)

Word: hooper

Word: hippo
Front: hippo
[ˈhɪpəʊ] (20649/24649)
Back: n. 河马
分布：=hippopotamus(100%)
n. 河马；吐根
 - river horse, ipecac

Word: hunk
Front: hunk
[hʌŋk] (宝 12464/21897 -1)
Vocabulary: hunk
(once / 6221 pages)
1n 2n
A hunk is a piece or a chunk or a lump, something without a definite shape. You might eat a hunk of cheese or play with a hunk of clay. If you call someone a hunk, you think he’s hot.
For a casual dinner you might just grab a hunk of bread off the loaf and dip it in beef stew, which is full of hunks of meat and potatoes. A completely different type of hunk is a handsome man: "When did your cousin turn into such a hunk?" Hubba hubba! This second meaning dates from around 1945, from African American slang.
WORD FAMILY
hunk: hunks
USAGE EXAMPLES
In June, after an appendectomy, Oliver was carried onstage by a shirtless hunk.
The New Yorker(Dec 07, 2016)
One does not walk to a pawnshop or a jeweler with a Sharpie-scrawled hunk of metal as if it were a ring or a Rolex.
New York Times(Dec 04, 2016)
They staple upholstery to hunks of wood harvested by timber operations in Wisconsin.
New York Times(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: n. 厚片，大块; （俚语）强壮
adj. 好的; 行的
分布：大块(100%)
→词源不详，可能来自拟声词，模仿大块物体落地的声音，俚语义魁梧性感的男子。比较chunk,clunk,dunk.
noun countable
PIECE 一块
■a large thick piece, especially of food （尤指食物的）大片，厚片
• a hunk of bread/cheese/meat 一大块面包／乳酪／肉
[hʌŋk] noun countable
MAN 男人 informal approving
■a tall strong attractive man 健壮迷人的男子
n. 大块，大片；厚块；（俚语）强壮
 - bulk, chunk
adj. 好的；行的
 - good, fine, ok, great, bona

Word: indefatigable
Front: indefatigable
[ˌɪndɪˈfætɪgəbl] (托宝 23369/20521)
Vocabulary: indefatigable
(once / 1479 pages)
adj
Someone who is indefatigable can go on for a very long time without becoming tired. You might not be so happy to have an indefatigable guide on your walking trip––you'll have blisters, but she'll see no reason not to keep going.
Indefatigable comes from Latin indefatigabilis, formed from the prefix in- "not" plus defatigare "to tire out." Here the prefix de- means "entirely." You can remember the root fatigare because it sounds so much like the English fatigue.
WORD FAMILY
indefatigable: indefatigability, indefatigableness, indefatigably
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is also the story of the film’s creation, and Reynolds’s own indefatigable, improbable rise.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Kerry, 73, is nothing if not indefatigable, traveling to all corners of the world as America’s top diplomat over the last four years.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Calling him a “friend to France,” the Foreign Ministry said he earned the distinction for “his indefatigable efforts in favor of peace.”
Seattle Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: adj. 不倦的，不屈不挠的; 不眠不休; 不懈
分布：不屈不挠的(59%)，不知疲倦的(41%)
→in-,不，非，de-,表强调，fatigue,疲倦。
不知疲倦的[fatig=weary(疲倦)]
【记】fatigue（n 疲乏v 疲劳）源于：fat的人都fatigue
US [-'fætˌ-] formal
adjective
■always determined and energetic in attempting to achieve something and never willing to admit defeat 不倦的；不屈不挠的
• Annie was an indefatigable campaigner for better community services. 安妮曾为改善社区服务而东奔西走。
adj. 不知疲倦的；不屈不挠的；有耐性的
 - patient, tough, tireless, untiring

Word: hunan

Word: infamy
Front: infamy
[ˈɪnfəmi] (23921/37753)
Vocabulary: infamy
(once / 526 pages)
n
Infamy means being famous for something bad or negative. You may be hoping for fame when you get an enormous tattoo of your favorite pop star on your back, but there's a chance you'll end up with infamy instead.
The noun infamy is most often used to talk about famously evil or terrible people or historical events. The day the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, just before the start of World War II, was described by President Roosevelt as "a day that will live in infamy." Infamy contains the root word "fame," but rather than meaning "the opposite of famous," its meaning is something closer to "fame gone bad."
WORD FAMILY
infamy: infamies, infamous +/ infamous: infamously
USAGE EXAMPLES
The reverse also brought one more bit of infamy to the Bills this season.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Navy veteran who survived what President Franklin D. Roosevelt called a “date which will live in infamy.”
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
President Franklin Roosevelt declared it “a date which will live in infamy”, and soon the US would be embroiled in the second world war.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 声名狼藉; 臭名; 丑恶; 恶行
分布：声名狼藉(44%)，臭名(40%)，丑行(16%)
→in-,不，非，-fam,名声，词源同fame,famous.即不好的名声，臭名昭著。
【反】good repute（好名声）
['ɪn.fə.mi] formal
noun
uncountable
■when someone or something is famous for something considered bad 臭名
• Franklin D. Roosevelt described the bombing of Pearl Harbor in 1947 as 'a day that will live in infamy'. 富兰克林‧德拉诺‧罗斯福将1941年发生珍珠港空袭那天说成是“永远的国耻日”。
countable
■a bad and shocking act or event 恶行
• For the relatives of those who had died in the war, the final infamy was the pardoning of the draft-dodgers. 对于那些阵亡者的亲属来说，最令其切齿的就是原谅逃避兵役者。
n. 声名狼籍；恶行
 - malconduct, evildoing

Word: immersion
Front: immersion
[ɪˈmɜ:ʃn] (12374/15237)
Vocabulary: immersion
(once / 4272 pages)
1n 2n
Immersion is the act of dipping something in a substance, completely covering it. It might be something physical, such as plunging your body into water, or metaphorical, such as becoming totally immersed in a project.
The Latin background of immersion includes the root mergere, "to plunge." The idea of immersion as a physical submergence came first and the idea of something being absorbed in a situation came about later. The idea behind immersion is that of complete coverage, whether that be by water, as in Baptism, or by attention, as in "immersion learning," an idea for learning a language trademarked in 1965 by the Berlitz company.
WORD FAMILY
immersion: immersions+/ immerse: immersed, immerses, immersing, immersion
USAGE EXAMPLES
Once the mixture is strained, use an immersion blender to blend the custard until it is very smooth.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Place dressing ingredients in a jar and use an immersion blender to blend until the mixture resembles a thick paste.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
If approved, the Mandarin Chinese course offerings would be the district’s fourth language immersion program.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 沉浸; 洗礼
分布：沉浸(45%)，浸入(35%)，专心(12%)，浸礼(8%)
N-UNCOUNT
潜心钻研;专心
Someone's immersion in a subject is their complete involvement in it.
例：...long-term assignments that allowed them total immersion in their subjects.可以让他们潜心研究课题的长期任务
N-UNCOUNT
浸没;浸泡
Immersion of something in a liquid means putting it into the liquid so that it is completely covered.
例：The wood had become swollen from prolonged immersion.因长时间浸泡，木头发胀了。
n. 沉浸；陷入；专心
 - stuck in, single-mindedness

Word: imprudent
Front: imprudent
[ɪmˈpru:dnt] (托宝 25452/23888)
Vocabulary: imprudent
(once / 973 pages)
adj
To be imprudent means lacking self-restraint when it would be wise to have it, like that time you started dancing on the table during a math test. Remember that? Everybody else does.
Prudent means "wise or shrewd," but add the prefix im- meaning "not," suddenly you have an adjective that describes the opposite of being wise or shrewd. An imprudent person doesn't think about the consequences and might cross the street without looking both ways or bring the radio into the bath for a little light listening. Careless, wild, imprudent behavior can get you into big trouble!
WORD FAMILY
imprudent: imprudence, imprudenter, imprudently+/ imprudence: imprudences/ prudence: prudences, prudential/ prudent: imprudent, prudence, prudenter, prudentest, prudently/prudential: prudentially
USAGE EXAMPLES
"These problems were mainly caused by an imprudent lending policy pursued by the Bank, which led to capital losses."
Reuters(Dec 19, 2016)
He’s also charged with first-offense driving while intoxicated, and careless and imprudent driving.
Washington Times(Nov 14, 2016)
Perhaps societies can operate with debt levels that once were considered imprudent.
Washington Post(Oct 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 不明智的，不谨慎的
分布：轻率的(70%)，不谨慎的(30%)
→im-,不，非，prudent,明智的，缩写自provident.
【记】prudent（adj 谨慎的），pull dent牙out：拔牙需要谨慎。
【反】judicious（adj 明智的）
[ɪm'pru:.dənt] formal
adjective
■unwise, by failing to consider the likely results of your actions 不明智的；不谨慎的，轻率的
• The report criticizes the banks for being imprudent in their lending. 该报告批评银行在贷款方面不谨慎。
adj. 轻率的，鲁莽的；不小心的
 - hasty, rash

Word: io
Front: io
[ˈaɪəʊ] (-/44237)
Back: abbr. British Indian Ocean Territory 英属印度洋领地
分布：被赫拉变成丁小母牛）(100%)

Word: invigorating
Front: invigorating
[ɪn'vɪɡəreɪtɪŋ] (宝 18351/20454)
Vocabulary: invigorating
(once / 4439 pages)
adj
A dip in the ocean in January is horrifying to some people but invigorating to others. Invigorating describes something that makes you feel strong and revitalized.
A long walk, rousing music, a drink of water when you're thirsty — all of these can be invigorating, or deeply refreshing. Invigorating contains the word vigor, which means a hearty strength. You can talk about any activity that might give you that kind of strength as invigorating. Invigorating comes from the same root as vigorous, the Latin vigere, which means "be lively, flourish, or thrive".
WORD FAMILY
invigorating: invigoratingly+/ invigorate: invigorated, invigorates, invigorating, invigoration, invigorator, reinvigorate /invigoration: invigorations/invigorator: invigorators/ reinvigorate: reinvigorated, reinvigorates, reinvigorating
USAGE EXAMPLES
Spend time with Marciano, 67, and you almost get the impression he’s opening his museum on a lark—because he finds the challenge invigorating.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 28, 2016)
"This is a wonderfully invigorating literary prize, giving us a menu of crazy variety in its the final shortlist," she said.
BBC(Nov 22, 2016)
But reading it now, it is as invigorating and relevant as if it had been written yesterday.
Washington Post(Oct 14, 2016)
Back: adj. 精神充沛的，爽快的; 爽快的
v. 使生机勃勃( invigorate的现在分词)
分布：精神充沛的(67%)，动词invigorate的现在分词形式.(33%)
激发精神的[vivvitvig=life,表示"生命"]
【反】soporific（adj 催眠的；想睡的）
ADJ-GRADED
令人充满生气的;令人精力充沛的;振奋精神的
If you describe something as invigorating, you mean that it makes you feel more energetic.
例：...the bright Finnish sun and invigorating northern air.明亮的芬兰的阳光与令人神清气爽的北方空气
adj. 爽快的；精力充沛的
 - live, vigorous, energetic

Word: instantaneous
Front: instantaneous
[ˌɪnstənˈteɪniəs] (研六托雅宝 14192/14344 -1)
Vocabulary: instantaneous
(once / 1330 pages)
adj
Something instantaneous is happening right now, without delay. In today's society, the technology we carry in our pockets means people often expect an instantaneous or immediate response to emails and text messages.
Instantaneous comes from the Latin instant- meaning "being at hand." When something is instantaneous, it's right at hand when you need it. You can produce an instantaneous reply to someone or see an instantaneous change happen. If something happens very suddenly, you can describe it as instantaneous.
WORD FAMILY
instantaneous: instantaneously, instantaneousness+/ instant: instancy, instantaneous, instanter, instantly, instants
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I hit my leg and it was instantaneous. Fire throughout my whole body.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
The duopoly over gathering and disseminating information would attract instantaneous control were it within one state’s jurisdiction.
The Guardian(Dec 16, 2016)
“The criminal justice system is not an instantaneous process. It takes time to work,” he said.
Washington Times(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 瞬间的; 即刻的; 猝发的
分布：瞬间的(77%)，即刻的(23%)
→来自instant,立即的。
同时发生的(instant马上的+aneous→马上发生的→同时发生的)[st,sta,stat,stan,stant,stin=stand表示"站,立"]
a.瞬间的,即刻的The nitrogen atoms combine instantaneously, simultaneously and spontaneously.氮原子瞬间同时自动化合.
【记】instant（adj 立即的；紧迫的；即时的）
adjective
■happening immediately, without any delay 瞬间的，立刻的
• an instantaneous response/reply/reaction 即时的回应／回答／反应
adj. 瞬间的；即时的；猝发的
 - momentary, flashy

Word: interoperability
Front: interoperability
['ɪntərɒpərə'bɪlətɪ] (31357/18299)
Back: n. 互用性，协同工作的能力
分布：互操作性(87%)，互用性(13%)

Word: lossmaking

Word: lark
Front: lark
[lɑ:k] (宝 18477/11966 -1)
Vocabulary: lark
(once / 832 pages)
1n 2nv
A lighthearted, fun episode is a lark. You could describe the wonderful day you spent with friends exploring little fishing towns along the coast of Maine as a lark.
Often unplanned, a lark can happen when you are feeling adventurous. You might decide on a lark to audition for a reality show — and be picked! The act of trying something new like this can also be called larking. A lark is also a kind of songbird. Using lark to describe carefree fun might come from 1800s sailors' slang, skylark, to describe playing in the rigging of the ship, up high like a lark.
WORD FAMILY
lark: larked, larking, larks
USAGE EXAMPLES
Republican leaders are quick to note that, while Garland appears to be qualified, his name is an anagram for “Rancid Lark Germ.”
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
“Oh, they were as happy as larks,” she remembered, smiling.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Lark Gould produces Travel-Intel, a weekly travel news and destination publication for the travel industry.
Washington Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 云雀，百灵鸟; <口>玩笑，嬉戏
vi. 捉云雀; 嬉戏
时态：larked, larking, larks
分布：云雀(47%)，百灵鸟(30%)，嬉戏(17%)，玩笑(6%)
→词源不详。
【记】源于：lark（n 百灵鸟）喜欢嬉戏的鸟。源于：lake。在湖边嬉戏。
US [lɑ:rk] noun countable
BIRD 鸟 (also skylark)
■a small brown bird which is known for its beautiful singing 云雀，百灵鸟
UK [lɑ:k] US [lɑ:rk] noun countable
ACTIVITY 活动 informal
■an activity done for a joke, which is slightly bad but is not intended to cause serious harm or damage 嬉闹；玩笑
• The kids hid their teacher's bike for a lark. 孩子们闹着玩把老师的自行车藏了起来。
this ... lark informal
■a way of referring to an activity or a situation that you are not enjoying 这种…气氛，这种…活动（表示不喜欢）
• I don't really think I'm suited to this marriage lark. 我觉得自己并不适合这段婚姻。
• I've had enough of this commuting lark. 这种通勤方式我可受够了。
UK [lɑ:k] US [lɑ:rk] noun countable
be up with the lark mainly UK
■to get out of bed very early in the morning 清晨早起；鸡鸣即起
UK [lɑ:k] US [lɑ:rk] noun countable
Bugger/Sod, etc. this for a lark! UK offensive
■used to show that you are extremely annoyed or bored with an activity and that you will not continue doing it 受够了！不干了！
• I'd been waiting for him for an hour and I thought, sod this for a lark - I'm going home! 我已经等了他一个小时了，心想这样等下去我可不干——我要回家了！
UK [lɑ:k] US [lɑ:rk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  lark about/around informal
■to behave in a silly or playful way 傻玩，胡闹，嬉戏
• I was woken up by a couple of drunks larking around with a dustbin in the street. 我被街上几个醉鬼踢弄垃圾桶的嬉闹声吵醒了。
• We were just larking about - we didn't mean to do any damage. 我们当时只是在闹着玩——并不想搞破坏。
n. 云雀；百灵鸟；欢乐
 - joy, festival
vt. 愚弄
 - befool, assify

Word: kalimantan

Word: jericho

Word: melodramatic
Front: melodramatic
[ˌmelədrəˈmætɪk] (17301/18770 -1)
Vocabulary: melodramatic
(once / 3957 pages)
adj
If you're writhing on the floor, howling in pain over the splinter in your finger, you're being a tad melodramatic, that is, exaggerated, affected, or histrionic.
This term was first used in early-19th-century theater, as the adjective form of the noun melodrama, which is a performance piece featuring exaggerated characters with emotional appeal. Outside the theater, melodramatic behavior is also characterized by a kind of performance or exaggeration of emotions, but it's very rarely appreciated or awarded extra points for artistic merit. The common phrase "Quit being so melodramatic!" is a terse way of pointing out to someone that they are overreacting.
WORD FAMILY
melodramatic: melodramatically+/ melodrama: melodramas, melodramatic
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is characterized by an insistent lack of naturalism, its almost lurid color and its melodramatic theme.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
This novel about a 19th-century whaling expedition is as gory as Sondheim’s “Sweeney Todd,” as darkly melodramatic as a classic Jacobean drama.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Those sentiments felt a tad melodramatic back when I wrote them, but they don’t read as histrionics to me now.
The Guardian(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 戏剧性的; 感情夸张的，伤感的; 耸人听闻的
分布：戏剧似的(51%)，通俗剧风格的(33%)，感情夸张的(16%)
→来自melodrama,情节剧。引申词义戏剧般的，夸张的。比较dramatic,drastic.
US [-'mætˌ-] adjective
■showing much stronger emotions than are necessary or usual for a situation 感情夸张的；戏剧性的
• a melodramatic speech 感情夸张的演说
adj. 夸张的；情节剧的；戏剧似的
 - exaggerative, turgescent

Word: lovable
Front: lovable
[ˈlʌvəbl] (15271/18566 -1)
Vocabulary: lovable
(once / 1983 pages)
adj
Someone lovable is very easy to love. Kittens and puppies, cute fictional characters, and sweet-faced stuffed animals all tend to be lovable. Clowns? Not so much.
People who are kind and generous to others are also lovable, because they deserve love in return for giving it to others. The adjective lovable comes from love, which has the Old English root lufu, "love, affection, or friendliness."
WORD FAMILY
lovable: lovably, unlovable+/ love: lovable, loveable, loved, loveless, lover, loves, lovesome, loving, self-love/loved: lovedest, unloved/loveless: lovelessly/lover: loverlike, lovers/ loving: lovinger, lovingest, lovingly, lovingness, self-loving, unloving/unloving: unlovingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
They are dapper and glamorously edgy, presented as if anti-heroes treading the corridors in House of Cards, flawed but somehow lovable.
The Guardian(Nov 29, 2016)
Now I’m just so sweet and lovable,” he says, completely seriously.
Washington Post(Nov 21, 2016)
Lovable characters, memorable music make Disney film great.
Washington Post(Nov 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 可爱的; 惹人爱的
分布：可爱的(98%)，=loveable.(2%)
(also loveable) ['lʌv.ə.bl] adjective
■having qualities which make a person or animal easy to love 可爱的，招人喜爱的
• a lovable child 讨人喜欢的孩子
• a lovable rogue 讨人喜欢的淘气鬼
adj. 可爱的，讨人喜欢的
 - lovely, favorable, pleasant, pretty, taking

Word: mishmash
Front: mishmash
[ˈmɪʃmæʃ] (25180/35356)
Vocabulary: mishmash
(once / 50510 pages)
n
A mishmash is a random bunch of odds and ends. Many people have a mishmash of things in their basement or garage. A pile of old keys, one sock, four paper clips, and a water bottle? Total mishmash.
Many houses have one kitchen drawer full of a mishmash of pens, rubber bands, carryout menus, and gum, for example. If you write a last-minute research paper, you might wind up with a mishmash of random ideas and opinions. The word was originally spelled with a hyphen, mish-mash, and before that it was mysse-masche, which had to do with mash, as in a bunch of soft food chucked together and fed to pigs. Another word for mishmash is hodgepodge.
WORD FAMILY
mishmash
USAGE EXAMPLES
If this sounds like a recipe for mishmash, it’s not: There’s not a single dud among the 39 works in the show.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
The game’s world of Eos resembles a mishmash of eras lifted from our own, adding to the sense of having landed somewhere weird and wonderful.
Time(Nov 28, 2016)
Despite appearances, Áurea’s inhabitants are as Brazilian as members of the other groups that make up the country’s ethnic mishmash.
Economist(Nov 24, 2016)
Back: n. 混杂物
vt. 使成为杂乱的一堆
分布：混杂物(67%)，杂乱的一堆(33%)
→来自mash的同韵构词。
noun only singular
■a badly organized mixture 混杂物，大杂烩
• The new housing development is a mishmash of different architectural styles. 新建住宅区是各种建筑风格的大杂烩。
n. 混杂物
 - farrago, macedoine

Word: melon
Front: melon
[ˈmelən] (高研四六宝 9886/12740 -1)
Back: n. 甜瓜; 圆鼓鼓像瓜似的东西
分布：甜瓜(100%)
→来自拉丁语melonem,来自希腊语melopepon,葫芦果，葫芦状的苹果，来自melon,苹果，词源同malic,pepon,一种葫芦，可能来自pepon,熟的，来自pekw,煮，词源同cook,dyspeptic.后用以指甜瓜，香瓜，哈蜜瓜一类的瓜果。需注意的是，melon在希腊语除了指苹果，也指其它各种各样的水果，尤其是外来品种，如peach,字面意思为波斯苹果。
n.甜瓜This kind of water melon is most favored.这种西瓜最受欢迎.
【记】mel甜蜜，on－甜瓜
【参】watermelon（n 西瓜）
noun countable or uncountable
■a large round fruit with hard yellow or green skin, sweet juicy flesh and a lot of seeds 瓜；甜瓜
n. 瓜；甜瓜；大肚子；圆鼓鼓像瓜似的东西
 - muskmelon

Word: olaf

Word: mistrustful
Front: mistrustful
[ˌmɪs'trʌstfl] (34826/38538)
Back: adj. 不信任的，不相信的
分布：不信任的(54%)，多疑的(46%)
adj. 不信任的；深疑的，多疑的
 - suspicious, distrustful

Word: modem
Front: modem
[ˈməʊdem] (高托 5518/9165)
Vocabulary: modem
(once / 8371 pages)
n
Simply put, a modem is an electronic device that changes a digital computer signal to audio so it can be carried on telephone lines. It also changes an incoming signal back so it can be read on the computer.
Although a form of modem was used as early as 1940 to connect teletype machines to telephones, the word appeared with growing use in 1958, taken from its function as a "modulator" and "demodulator" of sound signals, changing them from audio to digital and back again. This is critical in computer use. Since its inception, modem speeds, measured in bits per second, or bps, have increased dramatically, from the early 300 bps to scorching speeds of USB wireless modems.
WORD FAMILY
modem: modems
USAGE EXAMPLES
“We want to keep it simple, for people in nursing homes or people on modems,” she said.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The U.S. firm also hindered competition by refusing or limiting licensing of its standard essential patents for modem chips to rival chipmakers, the regulator said.
Reuters(Dec 27, 2016)
"Qualcomm has those modems, and that in combination with our own products will give us an edge over the competition."
Reuters(Nov 05, 2016)
Back: n. 调制解调器
分布：调制解调器(100%)
→缩写自modulator和demodulator,用于指接通网络的调制解调器。
US ['moʊ.dəm] noun countable specialized
■an electronic device which allows one computer to send information to another through standard telephone wires and therefore over long distances 调制解调器
n. 调制解调器（等于modulator-demodulator）
 - MODEM Modulator And Demodulator, modulator-demodulator

Word: morrow
Front: morrow
[ˈmɒrəʊ] (25011/21538)
Back: n. 次日; 翌日; 紧接其后的时间; 未来
分布：翌日(67%)，特殊事件后紧接的时期(33%)
→来自古英语morgen,早晨，词源同morning.引申词义明天早晨，次日，明天。
US ['mɑ:r.oʊ] noun only singular literary
■the next day, or tomorrow 翌日，次日
• They arranged to meet on the morrow. 他们安排次日见面。
n. 次日；（重大事件后）紧接着的时期；晨间
 - daystart, morningtide

Word: navel
Front: navel
[ˈneɪvl] (13927/20009 -1)
Vocabulary: navel
(once / 6607 pages)
n
If you look down at your stomach, you can see your navel. It’s that weird-looking round depression in the middle of your belly, unless you have an "outie," in which case it pokes out instead of in.
Your navel is actually a large scar that was caused by the removal of the umbilical cord when you were born, also known as your belly button. The word can also be used figuratively for a center point, like how the navel is in the center of your stomach. You might call New York City the navel of the arts scene in the United States. Careful: navels have nothing to do with the Navy, that would be naval.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
naval / navel
Can you name this type of orange?
If you said a navel orange, give yourself a gold star (or a navel orange, if you're feeling peckish). Navel refers to the spot in the middle of your belly where the umbilical cord was once attached. The oranges are refer to as thus because they have a dimple that resembles, well, a navel. Some more examples of navel:
How to prevent navel piercing deformity when pregnant?
Navel orange production blossoms this season
Navel gazing refers to being obsessed with oneself or solely focused on one issue, generally a minor one:
Americans are incredibly self-absorbed navel gazers.
Now it seems many thirtysomethings find themselves succumbing to existential navel-gazing. 'What did I do with my life?' these relative whippersnappers ask.
Naval on the other hand, pertains to a navy, that branch of the military that operates at sea.
The Puget Sound Naval Shipyard and Intermediate Maintenance Facility has agreed to pay $56,000 for hazardous waste violations.
IDF naval forces recently boarded the yacht "Irene."
The amount owners had to spend on repairs and naval stores fell for all vessel types, with container ships again having the largest decline.
Remember, your navel is in the center of your belly, while naval ships belong out at sea.
WORD FAMILY
navel: navels
USAGE EXAMPLES
Until, that is, he was recalled to the newsroom to report exhaustive dispatches from his navel.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
His navel had once jutted out, I could tell, but now it looked like a wrinkled eggplant, drooping.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
A young boy swimming in these waters is startled by the sight of another boy, drowned, a garishly red starfish covering his navel.
New York Times(Nov 24, 2016)
Back: n. 脐，肚脐; 中央，中心
分布：肚脐(87%)，中心(13%)
→来自nobh,肚脐，词源同umbilicus,umbilical cord.拼写比较nail,unguent.
['neɪ.vəl] (informal belly button)
noun countable
■the small round part in the middle of the stomach which is left after the umbilical cord (= long tube of flesh joining the baby to its mother) has been cut at birth 肚脐
['neɪ.vəl] (informal belly button)
noun countable
gaze at/contemplate your navel humorous
■to spend too much time thinking about yourself and your own problems 以自我为中心；过多考虑自己的问题
n. [解剖] 肚脐；中央；中心点
 - center, middle

Word: mite
Front: mite
[maɪt] (宝 12112/12311 -1)
Vocabulary: mite
(once / 1599 pages)
1n 2n
Mite is one of many words for a very small amount, like a bit and a jot. A mite is teeny-weeny and itty-bitty. It's not much at all.
Put away your ruler, because you can't measure a mite any more than you can measure a smidge, a tad, a speck, a tough, or a pinch — all English words for a tiny amount. Such words are useful when making polite requests. If someone's just barely blocking your car, you might ask them to move theirs just a mite. If you say you'll be back in just a mite, you won't keep the person waiting long.
WORD FAMILY
mite: mites
USAGE EXAMPLES
Its youngest level is the Mites division, which is open to first and second graders.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Other studies, many backed by industry, pointed to the varroa mite, and some saw both factors at play.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The presumption that because you love a partner you’ll unreservedly love their offspring has always seemed a mite unrealistic to me.
The Guardian(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: n. 小虫; 极小量; 小孩子; 微小的东西
分布：小虫(78%)，极少量(11%)，小家伙(11%)
→来自古英语mite,小虫，螨，来自Proto-Germanic*mai,砍，切，词源同maim,mangle.字面意思即小剪刀。
【记】原指：一种小的法兰德西硬币mit麻省理工，e饿：麻省理工号称疯人院，是因为在饿了的时候吃mite。
noun
ANIMAL 动物
countable
■a very small animal similar to a spider 螨
• a red spider mite 红叶螨
[maɪt] noun
CHILD 孩子
countable mainly UK informal
■a young child, especially one deserving sympathy because they are ill or hungry （常指因生病或饥饿而应受怜爱的）小孩
• Poor little mite, he looks so tired. 可怜的小家伙，他看来很累。
[maɪt] noun
SMALL AMOUNT 少量
only singular old-fashioned
■a very small amount 少量，一点点
• I couldn't eat another mite. 我一点也吃不下了。
a mite old-fashioned informal
■slightly 一点；少许，几分
• He seemed a mite embarrassed. 他似乎有点尴尬。
n. 极小量；小虫；小孩儿；微小的东西
 - particle, bug

Word: nathaniel

Word: parsimony
Front: parsimony
[ˈpɑ:sɪməni] (宝 28966/32880)
Vocabulary: parsimony
(once / 4306 pages)
n
Parsimony is a noun to use when you are watching your money very carefully. So you're not just saving your pennies for a rainy day — you're clipping coupons, re-using dryer sheets, and refusing to pay full price for anything.
It's not a bad thing to engage in a little parsimony. Related to an ancient Latin word meaning "to spare," parsimony keeps your checking account in the black and your retirement plan well funded. But get a little too parsimonious and you might start to look like Uncle Scrooge — an old miser who learned the hard way that practicing extreme parsimony doesn't win you love and admiration.
WORD FAMILY
parsimony: parsimonies, parsimonious +/ parsimonious: parsimoniously, parsimoniousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
She looks forward only to “a life of polishing pews and arranging flowers, of prudence and parsimony.”
Washington Post(Dec 05, 2016)
Perhaps parsimony is what ultimately unites the world.
Economist(Sep 14, 2016)
Perhaps parsimony is what ultimately unites the world.
Economist(Sep 15, 2016)
Back: n. 异常俭省; 极度节俭; 吝啬; 小气
分布：吝啬(44%)，简约性(32%)，过度节俭(24%)
→来自拉丁语parcere,节省，储蓄，适度，可能来自parum,小的，少的，来自pau,少的，词源同few,poor.-mony,名词后缀。后词义贬义化。
【记】读：怕死money－吝啬
【反】largesse（n 慷慨）
n. 吝啬；过度节俭
 - stinginess, illiberality

Word: poise
Front: poise
[pɔɪz] (托雅宝 6244/7099)
Vocabulary: poise
(once / 610 pages)
1vn 2n
If you have poise, you are cool under stress. People with poise can handle pressure without showing it.
If you’re calm while singing the national anthem in front of thirty million people, you’ve got a lot of poise. This is a rare quality people admire. Another meaning is to brace yourself for something difficult, as in: when you hear about a tornado, you're poised for more bad news. You can also be poised as in "on the brink" of something. If you stand on the diving board it could be said you’re poised to take the plunge.
WORD FAMILY
poise: poised, poises, poising
USAGE EXAMPLES
And global condemnations notwithstanding, the trend is poised to accelerate.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Wasting no time, House and Senate Republicans are poised to mark the first day of the 115th Congress with resolutions condemning the U.N.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
As always, the Crimson Tide program exudes an air of quiet determination and poise.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 泰然自若; 自信; 体态; 姿态
vt. 使平衡; 保持（某种姿势）; 抓紧; 使稳定
时态：poised, poising, poises
分布：平衡(48%)，姿态(25%)，镇静(16%)，盘旋(5%)，使 ... 平衡(2%)，保持 ... 姿势(2%)，做准备(2%)
→来自法语pois,重量，称量，平衡，来自拉丁语pensum,称重，重物，来自pendere,悬挂，称量，词源同pendulum,ponder.引申词义使稳定，平衡。
【记】pose放，中间有一个I想象成天平的支点，放在上面保持平衡。
【参】tacit（adj 沉默的）tact老练机智，I读：爱－老练的人相爱不需要说话。
[pɔɪz] approving
noun uncountable
■calm confidence in a person's way of behaving, or a quality of grace (= moving in an attractive way) and balance in the way a person holds or moves their body 沉着，泰然自若；平衡
• He looked embarrassed for a moment, then quickly regained his poise. 他一时间显得尴尬，但很快又恢复了平静。
• Her confidence and poise show that she is a top model. 她的自信与镇定显示她是一个十分优秀的模特儿。
n. 平衡；姿势；镇静
 - balance, attitude
vt. 使平衡；保持...姿势
 - balance, equilibrize
vi. 平衡；准备好；悬着
 - hang, balance of, get ready

Word: phobia
Front: phobia
[ˈfəʊbiə] (雅宝 15469/19742 -1)
Vocabulary: phobia
(once / 17747 pages)
n
A phobia is an intense and irrational fear of something. If seeing a spider makes you scream and jump on top of a table, then you might suffer from a phobia.
The thing to remember about phobia is that it describes an irrational fear. If you’re afraid of a black widow spider, for example, that’s not a phobia — it’s just smart, because the spider is poisonous. If you’re afraid of all spiders, however, and the sight of a harmless daddy long legs spider has you shaking in terror, then you may have a phobia. In this case, it's a phobia because your reaction is irrational.
WORD FAMILY
phobia: phobias, phobic +/ phobic: phobically
USAGE EXAMPLES
There is robust scientific evidence demonstrating the value of the method in coping with O.C.D., phobias, and other anxiety disorders.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
It is not as common as some phobias – but still affects around one in every 75,000 people.
The Guardian(Dec 05, 2016)
On the other hand, there is an almost institutional phobia to attaching words like “racist” or “white supremacist” to a person in Bannon’s position.
Salon(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 恐惧; 厌恶
分布：恐怖症(90%)，恐怖病(10%)
→来自希腊语phobos,恐惧，恐慌，来自bhegw,飞走，逃跑，词源fugitive.在古希腊语时期该词还有另一个词义飞行，飞翔，其词义演变可能是飞一般的速度，飞离，逃离，恐慌。
十分厌恶[phob,phobia=dislike,表示"厌恶"]
【记】phob恐惧，ia病；
【参】xenophobe（恐外者）；acrophobia（n 恐高症）
US ['foʊ.bjə] noun countable
■an extreme fear of a particular thing or situation, especially one that cannot be reasonably explained （尤指道理上无法解释的）恐惧，惧怕
• I've got a phobia about/of worms. 我很怕蠕虫。
n. [内科] 恐怖，憎恶；恐惧症
 - terror, ghastfulness

Word: pax

Word: osmosis
Front: osmosis
[ɒzˈməʊsɪs] (宝 24405/26595)
Vocabulary: osmosis
(once / 16258 pages)
n
Osmosis is the scientific process of transferring fluid between molecules. When molecules move in and out of a cell to achieve the same concentration of something, like salt, on both sides, then osmosis is happening.
Osmos means "thrusting or pushing," and the scientific process of osmosis happens when fluid in a super-concentrated area thrusts through little holes in the cell's wall and heads for a less concentrated place. The fluid might go back and forth a few times until both solutions are equally concentrated. We also use osmosis outside of science to mean "subtle, gradual absorption of information." Fall asleep to enough Western movies, and by osmosis, you will eventually become a real cowboy.
WORD FAMILY
osmosis: osmotic+/osmotic: osmotically
USAGE EXAMPLES
“They don’t want friction. They want things to happen through osmosis.”
New York Times(Apr 23, 2016)
All of my knowledge or experience with it for the most part is through osmosis with her.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 09, 2016)
We must produce the America we want, and change doesn’t come by osmosis.
Washington Times(Nov 14, 2016)
Back: n. 渗透（作用），潜移默化，耳濡目染
分布：渗透(78%)，渗透性(12%)，潜移默化(10%)
→来自希腊语osmos,推，插入，-osis,状态后缀。引申词义渗透，耳濡目染。
【记】os通过，m膜，还是os，is是一渗透作用
US [ɑ:z'moʊ-] specialized
noun uncountable
LIQUID 液体
■the process in plants and animals by which a liquid moves gradually from one part of the body or the plant to another through a membrane (= cell covering) 渗透（作用）
• Fluid flows back into the tiny blood vessels by osmosis. 液体藉由渗透作用流回毛细管。
UK [ɒz'məʊ.sɪs] US [ɑ:z'moʊ-] specialized
noun uncountable
IDEAS 想法
■the way in which ideas and information gradually spread between people 潜移默化；耳濡目染
• The children were never taught the songs, they just listened to other children singing them and learned them by osmosis. 从来没人教孩子们唱过这些歌曲，他们只是听别的孩子唱，慢慢就学会了。
• Reading is not picked up by a process of osmosis, but needs to be taught. 阅读不是在潜移默化的过程中学会的，而是需要教授的。
n. [物] 渗透；渗透性；渗透作用
 - permeability, penetration, infiltration

Word: panoramic
Front: panoramic
[ˌpænə'ræmɪk] (宝 15322/15615 -1)
Vocabulary: panoramic
(once / 9540 pages)
adj
Many cameras have a button that lets you take a picture in panoramic mode––this mode is wider and meant for landscape shots. Panoramic refers to an unbroken or wide-ranging view.
One of the reasons people climb to the tops of mountains or tall buildings is for the panoramic views. You can see everything without obstruction. You would hope that our leaders have a similar panoramic outlook on the development of the country––taking into account environmental, social, and educational needs for the future.
WORD FAMILY
panoramic: panoramically+/ panorama: panoramas, panoramic
USAGE EXAMPLES
But perhaps you would rather feast on the panoramic views — river, George Washington Bridge, New York City skyline — from the floor-to-ceiling windows.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Brown freed himself of Kent’s Vetruvian principles of mathematical ratios and started sculpting panoramic landscapes for their romantic effect.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
As new buildings rise all over Seattle, open-air rooftop bars with panoramic views are trending.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 全景的; 全貌的
分布：全景的(100%)
ADJ-GRADED
全景的；远景的
If you have a panoramic view, you can see a long way over a wide area.
例：The terrain's high points provide a panoramic view of Los Angeles.在这个地区的制高点能够看到洛杉矶的全景。
adj. [摄] 全景的
 - wraparound

Word: peerless
Front: peerless
[ˈpɪələs] (托宝 27233/34214)
Vocabulary: peerless
(once / 3157 pages)
adj
Do you ever feel like one of a kind? Then maybe you are peerless, a word for someone (or something) unique, excellent, and superior.
Peerless is a variation of peer — a word for folks in the same boat as you, or at least the same class. A teacher's peers are other teachers, but if she's a much better teacher than anyone, you could call her a peerless teacher. One of the many compliments given to Michael Jordan is that he was peerless. Amazing, one-of-a-kind people like Picasso, Gandhi, and Shakespeare are considered peerless. The rest of us have a lot of peers.
WORD FAMILY
peerless: peerlessly+/ peer: peered, peering, peerless, peers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Susan Sontag once wrote that “in contemporary English letters he seems to me peerless.”
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
In the richness of his poetic imagination, as shown in these three etudes, Trifonov may be peerless today .
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
But they lose, narrowly, to the UN’s peerless insult to the living, its honorary ambassadorship for Wonder Woman.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: adj. 无与伦比的，盖世无双的; 天下第一; 无可匹敌; 无敌于天下
分布：无比的(50%)，出类的(25%)，无双的(25%)
→来自peer,等同，-less,无，没有。
【记】peer同辈，less：没有同辈的－无可匹敌的
【反】equal（adj 相等的；不相上下的）
US ['pɪr-] formal
adjective
■describes something that is better than any other of its type 无可匹敌的，举世无双的
• peerless beauty/ability 无与伦比的美貌／能力
adj. 无与伦比的；出类拔萃的；无比的
 - unmatched, uneaqualed

Word: pong
Front: pong
[pɒŋ] (23635/34439)
Back: n. 恶臭，难闻的气味
分布：恶臭(58%)，发出难闻的气味(42%)
→词源不详，可能来自拟声词，模仿闻到恶臭擤鼻子的声音，或来自吉普赛语pan,发臭。
US [pɑ:ŋ] UK humorous
noun countable
■an unpleasant smell 臭气，难闻的气味
• What a pong! 好难闻的气味！
n. 乒乓球；恶臭；难闻的气味
 - Pingpang, table tennis ball
vi. 发出难闻的气味
 - niff

Word: pungent
Front: pungent
[ˈpʌndʒənt] (托雅宝 13027/14455 -1)
Vocabulary: pungent
(once / 1948 pages)
adj
Use pungent to describe a taste or smell that gives a sharp sensation. "What is that pungent odor?" is a polite way of suggesting that someone in the room has BO.
The ultimate source of the word pungent is Latin pungere "to prick, sting." Ginger and mustard seed are examples of pungent spices. Limburger cheese has the distinction of being the most pungent of all cheeses. And if your pet has an accident in the house, there may be a pungent odor. And pungent can be used in a figurative sense: pungent language is stimulating and expressive.
WORD FAMILY
pungent: pungency, pungently +/pungency: pungencies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Its visible geothermal features are nowhere near as striking as Yellowstone’s geysers and consist mainly of above-ground, pungent smelling sulphur springs.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The vernacular elements sounded freshest when Mr. Marsalis folded them into passages of symphonic mass, with thick, pungent chords and boldly fractured phrases.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Just before it leaves the kitchen, the strapping entree is dressed up with pungent cilantro, garlicky yogurt and fresh Thai chili peppers.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 辛辣的; 刺激性的; 苦痛的; 尖刻的
分布：辛辣的(45%)，刺鼻的(40%)，刻薄的(9%)，尖锐的(6%)
→来自拉丁语pungere,刺，叮，咬，来自pung,刺，击，打，词源同point,puncture.引申词义刺鼻的，一针见血的等。
刺鼻的;尖锐的(pung[=punct]+ent→尖的→尖锐的)[point,punct=point,make sharp,表示"点,变尖"]
刺鼻的(pung尖,刺+ent)[-ent 1.表示形容词"…的"2.表名词"…药剂"3.表名词"…人"]
【记】pung刺，ent－刺激的
adjective
■describes a very strong smell or taste, sometimes one that is unpleasantly strong （气味）刺鼻的；（味道）强烈的
• the pungent whiff of a goat 山羊发出的刺鼻膻味
• I sat down to a cup of wonderfully pungent Turkish coffee. 我坐下来喝了一杯味道浓醇的土耳其咖啡。
■literary
■describes speech or writing that is very strongly felt （话语或文章）尖刻的，尖锐的
• pungent criticism/commentary 尖刻的批评／评论
adj. 辛辣的；刺激性的；苦痛的；尖刻的
 - spicy, bitter

Word: racecourse
Front: racecourse
[ˈreɪskɔ:s] (31774/16024 -1)
Back: n. 赛马场，跑马场; 赛船水道; 跑道
分布：赛马场(86%)，赛马跑道(14%)
US [-kɔ:rs] mainly UK (mainly US racetrack)
noun countable
■a wide, usually circular, path with a grass surface, on which horses race, or the whole area in which this path is situated, including buildings （通常指圆形、地面有草的）赛马跑道；（包括建筑物等设施的）赛马场
n. 赛马场，跑马场；跑道
 - runway, lanes

Word: pullman

Word: refractive
Front: refractive
[rɪˈfræktɪv] (29406/28356)
Back: adj. 折射的
分布：折射的(84%)，有折射力的(16%)

Word: reimpose
Front: reimpose
['ri:ɪm'pəʊz] (30330/34871)
Back: vt. 再强加，重新征收
时态：reimposed, reimposing, reimposes

Word: sesame
Front: sesame
[ˈsesəmi] (12118/23711 -1)
Back: n. <植>芝麻，脂麻
分布：芝麻(100%)
→来自拉丁语 sesamum,芝麻，来自希腊语 sesamon,芝麻。
noun uncountable
■a herb grown for its small oval seeds and its oil 芝麻
• sesame oil/seeds 芝麻油／籽
n. [作物] 芝麻
 - gingili

Word: seafront
Front: seafront
[ˈsi:frʌnt] (37499/16555)
Back: n. 海岸区，海滨区
分布：滨海区(100%)
['si:.frʌnt] (also front)
noun countable usually singular
■the part of a town on the coast next to the beach, often with a wide road or path and a row of houses and shops facing the sea （沿海城镇的）滨海区
• We rented a house on the seafront for the summer. 我们在海滨租了一座房子避暑。
• After dinner we went for a stroll along the seafront. 晚饭后我们到海边散步。
n. 滨海区；面向海的一面
 - coastal region

Word: riotous
Front: riotous
[ˈraɪətəs] (宝 24104/18721)
Vocabulary: riotous
(once / 2204 pages)
1adj 2adj 3adj
Anything riotous is disorderly, chaotic, and loud. Riotous things can also be abundant.
Since a riot is a disturbance where people get out of control and become violent, riotous things are also loud, disruptive, and out of hand. If everyone in class speaks at once to answer a question, that's a riotous response. Chaos is always riotous. The opposite of riotous would be calm, civilized, and peaceful. Also, you can say that lush, abundant things are riotous. If an apple tree is producing an unusually large amount of apples, it's riotous.
WORD FAMILY
riotous: riotously+/ riot: rioted, rioter, rioting, riotous, riots/ rioter: rioters/rioting: riotings
USAGE EXAMPLES
She seems a cheerful sort of person, with a friendly, open face framed with riotous curls.
The New Yorker(Dec 03, 2016)
The woman stood at Aunty Ifeoma’s window, her hair in a riotous curly perm swaying in the wind.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
The riotous “Demoiselles” and unfinished “Large Glass” certainly are.
New York Times(Nov 03, 2016)
Back: adj. 狂暴的; 狂乱的; 欢腾的; 喧闹的
分布：暴乱的(44%)，放荡的(20%)，茂盛的(20%)，狂欢的(16%)
→来自 riot,暴乱，骚乱。
US [-tˌəs] adjective
■very loud and uncontrolled, full of energy 热闹的；喧闹的；放纵的
• We went to a riotous party and danced all night. 我们去参加了一个热闹非凡的派对，跳了一晚上的舞。
• UK Five students were arrested for riotous behaviour. 五名学生因为聚众闹事被逮捕。
adj. 暴乱的；狂欢的；不受约束的；放荡的；茂盛的
 - independent, free

Word: sentimentality
Front: sentimentality
[ˌsentɪmenˈtæləti] (17949/18455)
Vocabulary: sentimentality
(once / 2987 pages)
n
Sentimentality is a quality of being overly, dramatically emotional — sad or loving or nostalgic. Your sentimentality on her eightieth birthday might make your down-to-earth grandmother roll her eyes.
When your emotions go overboard, becoming a little theatrical or false, that's sentimentality. A person's sentimentality might come in handy if a job as a greeting card writer opens up, or a role in a community theater's production of "Les Misérables." Sentimentality comes from the adjective sentimental, which is rooted in the Medieval Latin sentimentum, "feeling, affection or opinion."
WORD FAMILY
sentimentality: sentimentalities+/ presentiment: presentiments/ sentiment: presentiment, sentimental, sentimentise, sentimentize, sentiments/ sentimental: sentimentalest, sentimentalise, sentimentalism, sentimentality, sentimentalize, sentimentally, unsentimental/sentimentalise: sentimentalisation, sentimentalised, sentimentalises, sentimentalising/sentimentalism: sentimentalisms, sentimentalist/sentimentalist: sentimentalists/sentimentalization: sentimentalizations/sentimentalize: sentimentalization, sentimentalized, sentimentalizes, sentimentalizing/unsentimental: unsentimentally
USAGE EXAMPLES
There was no sentimentality Saturday in a game that turned ugly late.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
To its partial credit, the show resists this easy sentimentality.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
It’s easy to become cynical about our annual onslaught of Christmas kitsch, to resent the way seasonal sentimentality is used as a sales tactic.
Slate(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 多愁善感，感伤癖
分布：多愁善感(79%)，伤感(21%)
→sentimental,伤感的，多愁善感的，-ity,名词后缀。
ADJ-GRADED
感伤的;多情的;多愁善感的
Someone or something that is sentimental feels or shows pity or love, sometimes to an extent that is considered exaggerated and foolish.
例：I'm trying not to be sentimental about the past...我努力不让自己表现得感怀过去。
例：It's a very sentimental play.这是一部十分煽情的戏。
ADJ
情感(上)的;(尤指)(出于)怀旧的
Sentimental means relating to or involving feelings such as pity or love, especially for things in the past.
例：Our paintings and photographs are of sentimental value only...我们的画作和照片仅有纪念价值。
例：Perhaps he has returned for sentimental reasons.也许他是出于情感上的原因才回来的。
n. 多愁善感
 - wertherism, soupiness

Word: sevenfold
Front: sevenfold
['sevn'fəʊld] (35718/48502)
Back: adj. 七倍的，七重的
adv. 七倍地
分布：七倍的(58%)，七倍地(42%)
adj. 七倍的；七重的
 - septuple

Word: shibboleth
Front: shibboleth
[ˈʃɪbəleθ] (宝 38202/40383)
Vocabulary: shibboleth
(once / 11738 pages)
n
A shibboleth is like a motto or catchphrase that members of a group tend to say, like the conservative shibboleth that the only good government is a small government.
Shibboleth comes all the way from Hebrew, and originally meant a special word that helped you find out if someone was part of your group, almost like a secret handshake. It still has that sense of identifying someone as a member of a group. Sometimes it also means "platitude" or "truism," a phrase that is so common everyone thinks it's true, like "crime doesn't pay," or "all dogs go to heaven."
WORD COUNT
You Say To-MAH-to: Everyday Shibboleths
Some years ago, there was a series of stories in a magazine about dates that did not go well. In one of the stories, a woman met her date at a Mexican restaurant. When they ordered dinner, her companion asked for tortillas, but he pronounced the word "dor-dee-yas." Although he did not know it, the hapless gentleman's pronunciation proved to be a shibboleth that meant there would be no second date.
The term shibboleth comes to us from a rather brutal story in the Old Testament, which appears in Judges 12:4-6. One tribe of the Israelites (the Gileadites) fought and defeated another tribe (the Ephraimites). After the battle, survivors were crossing the River Jordan, and Gileadites who were guarding the river challenged would-be crossers to say the Hebrew word shibboleth. In the dialect of the Ephraimites, the word is pronounced with an initial "s", not "sh," so the Gileadites slew anyone who said "sibboleth."
Unfortunately, this isn't the only time that linguistics has been put to deadly purpose. Stories about people being killed over pronunciation come from the Dominican Republic (the so-called  "Parsley Massacre"), and from conflicts between the Dutch and Germans and between the Sinhalese and Tamils. It's said that during World War II, American troops in the Pacific used the word lollapalooza as a shibboleth to test approaching soldiers, on the theory that Japanese infiltrators would not be able to pronounce the word correctly.
A story of a less violent nature that I used to hear during the Vietnam era concerned American draft dodgers who had fled to Canada. Supposedly these Americans would try to sneak into the U.S. for visits, masquerading as Canadians. At the American border, they'd be challenged to say the alphabet as fast as they could. If they ended with "zee" for Z, it would unmask them as Americans, since Canadians say the letter Z as "zed." This story has an apocryphal feel to it (although others have heard it as well), but true or not, it's a good example of a shibboleth.
A shibboleth does not always have to be about pronunciation. My father-in-law grew up in Glasgow, and he told us that in his younger days, people would be stopped and challenged to say a prayer. The Lord's Prayer marked Protestants, and a Hail Mary marked Catholics. Saying the wrong prayer to the wrong people could result in a beating.
In spite of the violent origins of the term, a shibboleth these days can also simply refer to a word or phrase that identifies membership (or lack of membership) in a group. My personal experiences of shibboleths all have to do with this considerably less frightening sense.
For example, people learn the language quirks that are unique to their region. I've lived in Seattle for a long time, hence I've mastered the many shibboleths that mark a true Pacific Northwesterner. I can correctly pronounce local names like Puyallup ("pew-AL-up"), Sequim ("squim"), and Alki ("AL-kai"). I know that Wapato is "WOP-ah-toe," and that the name of our city of Des Moines is pronounced with the "s" at the end of "Moines." I know that our famous local market is not "Pike's Market" but "the Pike Place Market," and I would never say "Mount Rainier is visible today"; Seattleites say "The mountain is out." At Seattle-area high schools, the event known everywhere else in the United States as a Sadie Hawkins dance is known as Tolo. A person who hasn't mastered these shibboleths is clearly an outsider.
No matter where you live, you probably can reel off a similar list of local names and terms that confound outsiders. In the United States there are many place names and terms derived from Native American languages, whose contemporary pronunciation can be learned only by experience, like the ones I listed from the Northwest. But Native American words are only one source, albeit a rich one, of shibboleths. A friend of mine who moved to California said it took him a long time to understand that the city of La Jolla—whose name comes from Spanish—is pronounced "Lah HOY-ah."
The British certainly have many shibboleths. One is the name St. John; if it's part of a personal name, St. John is pronounced "SIN-jin." Here's a video snippet of James Bond instructing a valet in the correct way to pronounce his alias of "St John Smith":
Shibboleths have come up in my professional life as well. During my years at Microsoft, I learned Microspeak, as it's called—the jargon of Microsoft insiders. In my era, insiders used lingo such as blue badge (a full-time employee), to S+ (to schedule a meeting), OOF (the mis-initialed out of office), bug bash, and pri 0 (for priority zero, meaning a highest-priority item). (I wrote about some of these terms in an earlier piece.)
When I moved to Amazon, not only did I have to learn a new insider jargon (dogs not barking, undifferentiated heavy lifting), but I discovered the real power of shibboleths: Microspeak was not welcome. The group I was in at Amazon was at pains to distinguish itself from all things Microsoft, and those of us who'd moved over from Microsoft were taken aside and advised that using a term like pri 0 in front of certain executives was a definite no-no. I've since moved to Tableau, where we have our own shibboleths: we don't say verbiage, we say wordage, and our insider term for a bug bash is WAM (for "whack-a-mole").
Not long ago I ran across another unexpected use of the term shibboleth. We were working with a feature that allows you to sign in to your organization's site—to a corporate web site or a university site—and from there, get access to external sites like the payroll site or an inter-library site. One prominent product that permits this sort of "single sign-on," as it's called, is named Shibboleth. This struck me as a perfect name for software that helps determine whether you are who you say you are.
It's frightening to think about a situation in which what you say or how you say it could have a serious effect on your health. I imagine that most of us have failed a shibboleth test at one time or another in our lives. Fortunately, the worst effect has probably simply been to be labeled as an outsider.
WORD FAMILY
shibboleth: shibboleths
USAGE EXAMPLES
He also ran a campaign that challenged longstanding shibboleths of American diplomacy.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
What does the November election shocker mean for the various theories and shibboleths floating around political science and political journalism?
Slate(Dec 08, 2016)
This election may make Ohio’s reputation as the bellwether state a shibboleth and throw its unique election-predicting power into the dustbin of history.
Seattle Times(Oct 27, 2016)
Back: n. （党派、集团等的）准则; 教条; 用语; 行话
分布：术语(34%)，口令或暗语(33%)，陈腔滥调(33%)
→来自希伯来语 shibboleth,麦穗。 现词义来自圣经中记载的小故事，两民族 Gileadites 和 Ephraimites 打战，Ephraimites 人打败了逃跑，但由于这两个民族人长得一样，从长相上无 法辨别，但是口音有差别，Ephraimites 人无法发-sh-音，于是，Gileadites 人在关卡上让所有 通过的人念 shibboleth 这个词，不能正确的发-sh-的人就抓起来。因而引申诸相关词义。类 似于中国南北东西口音差异。
【记】源于：基利德人Gileadite用来鉴别逃亡的厄弗雷姆人，看他们能否正确地读出该词音，因为厄弗雷姆人发不出sh音。读：十步乐死。如果读不出来shibboleth，十步之内必然乐死。
noun countable formal
■a belief or custom that is not now considered as important and correct as it was in the past 过时的信仰；陈旧的习俗
• They still cling to many of the old shibboleths of education. 他们仍然固守着许多过时的教育传统。
■a word, phrase, custom, etc. only known to a particular group of people, which you can use to prove to them that you are a real member of that group （特定人群的）特有用语（习俗等）
n. 口令；（基督教《圣经》）考验用的词；特殊的习惯
 - password, countersign

Word: sonnet
Front: sonnet
[ˈsɒnɪt] (宝 14999/13178 -1)
Vocabulary: sonnet
(once / 785 pages)
nv
A sonnet is a poem, often a love poem, of 14 rhyming lines. Is that a love letter from your secret admirer or a formal sonnet?
The word sonnet comes from the Italian sonetto, meaning “little song.” The origin makes sense, since the first sonnets were developed by the Italian poet Petrarch. But the sonnet form we are most familiar with today is Shakespearean. Many of the most often quoted lines in poetry come from Shakespeare’s sonnets, such as this ending couplet from Sonnet 18, “So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.”
WORD FAMILY
sonnet: sonneteer, sonneting, sonnets, sonnetted, sonnetting+/sonneteer: sonneteers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mencken’s timeless wisdom: A martini is “the only American invention as perfect as the sonnet.”
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
He takes traditional verse forms — sonnets, sestinas, ballads, pantoums — and retools them, as if they were engine parts, for his own purposes as well.
New York Times(Nov 22, 2016)
“To arms, to armor,” she writes, with her fluent mastery of the sonnet form enacting a victory.
Slate(Nov 17, 2016)
Back: n. 十四行诗; 短诗; 商籁体
时态：sonneted, sonneting, sonnets
分布：十四行诗(100%)
→来自中古法语 sonnet,来自意大利语 sonetto,来自拉丁语 sonus,声音，词源同 sound,-et,小词后 缀。字面意思即小声音，小诗词或歌曲，原可指任意形式的抒情短诗，后体裁限定为十四行 短诗，英国戏剧大师莎士比亚即为个中高手。
【记】son声音，net网（古代的网有横7竖7组成）－14行声音的诗
【参】sonorous（adj 洪亮的）
US ['sɑ:.nɪt] noun countable
■a poem that has 14 lines and a particular pattern of rhyme 十四行诗

Word: sprinter
Front: sprinter
[sprɪntə(r)] (16324/16360 -1)
Back: n. 短跑运动员，短距离全速奔跑者
分布：短跑运动员(100%)
N-COUNT
短跑运动员;短程竞赛选手
A sprinter is a person who takes part in short, fast races.

Word: sheath
Front: sheath
[ʃi:θ] (托宝 12614/15335 -1)
Vocabulary: sheath
(once / 1671 pages)
1n 2n 3n
A sheath is a protective case for a knife or a sword. The most exciting part of a staged sword fight might be the moment when the hero pulls his weapon out of its sheath.
A sheath is also a dress that is straight, fitted, and simple. You might advise your Aunt Martha to choose a sheath dress for her third wedding, instead of the white lace gown with the long train. The word sheath most likely comes from the Old English scēath, meaning a divide or a split, like the split piece of wood which originally served as a sword's sheath.
WORD FAMILY
sheath: sheaths
USAGE EXAMPLES
The fall was caused by a peripheral nerve sheath tumor and led to several weeks in the hospital.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
A shimmering sleeveless sheath in rose and silvery gray, it was pretty universally considered a fashion slam dunk.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
It destroys the protective coating that wraps round nerves called the myelin sheath.
BBC(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 护套; 鞘; 叶鞘; 紧身装
v. 包，盖
分布：鞘(81%)，护套(18%)，女式紧身衣服(1%)
→来自古英语 sceath,套，护套，来自 proto-Germanic*skaithiz,套，护套，来自 skei,切，分 开，词源同 segment,section,science.比喻用法，即两块分开的木板，剑鞘的原型。
noun countable
■a close-fitting covering to protect something 鞘套；护套
• The cable has a copper wire surrounded by a plastic sheath. 电缆是铜丝做的，外面包着塑胶皮。
• The nerves are protected by thin sheaths of fatty tissue. 神经由薄薄的脂肪鞘保护着。
■a cover into which a knife or sword fits so that the blade cannot cut someone when it is not being used （刀剑的）鞘
• He drew the knife from its jewelled leather sheath. 他把刀从镶有珠宝的皮鞘中抽出来。
UK * a condom
n. 鞘； [电] 护套；叶鞘；女子紧身服装
 - vaginae, theca

Word: thunderous
Front: thunderous
[ˈθʌndərəs] (16604/19965 -1)
Back: adj. 雷鸣般的; 多雷的; 雷动; 山响
分布：雷鸣般的(88%)，打雷的(8%)，怒气冲冲的(4%)
→thunder,打雷，-ous,形容词后缀。
US [-dɚ.əs] adjective [before noun]
■extremely loud 雷鸣般的
• thunderous applause 雷鸣般的掌声
• a thunderous reception 热烈的反响
adj. 像打雷的，隆轰隆响的；多雷的，强有力的
 - powerful, cogent

Word: syllable
Front: syllable
[ˈsɪləbl] (托 9192/6237 -1)
Vocabulary: syllable
(once / 602 pages)
n
A syllable can be made up of just a vowel — "a" can be a syllable — or a vowel and one or more consonants — "skip" is one syllable, but three sounds, or phonemes: sk-i-p.
When you're figuring out how many syllables a word has, you have to listen to how it's pronounced, not look at the spelling. Household is two syllables — which you'll hear when you say the word — even though it's got four vowels. Elephant is three syllables, and hippopotamus is five. You can also use syllable for the tiniest bits of language: "I loved every syllable of your speech," or "Please don't repeat a syllable of what I told you."
WORD FAMILY
syllable: syllabicate, syllabify, syllabise, syllabize, syllables+/syllabicate: syllabication/syllabify: syllabification, syllabifying/syllabise: syllabised, syllabises, syllabising/syllabize: syllabized, syllabizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The first part of this word will look to many English speakers without any Korean like the first syllable of the word “gangster.”
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Say it aloud or listen: in Latin, eight syllables, alternating short and long.
The New Yorker(Dec 11, 2016)
Four levels of “spiciness” are on offer — keeping in mind that in the portmanteau Chinese word mala, only the second syllable refers to heat.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 音节
分布：音节(98%)，分音节(2%)
→来自拉丁语 syllaba,音节，来自希腊语 syllabe,集中，音节，即多个音和字母合成一起，来自 syllambanein,集中，放在一起，来自 syl-,一起，lambanein,拿，带，词源同 lemma,epilepsy. 拼写受后缀-able 影响俗化。
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a single unit of speech, either a whole word or one of the parts into which a word can be separated, usually containing a vowel 音节
vi. 按音节发音；讲话
 - to speak, to address

Word: ulcer
Front: ulcer
[ˈʌlsə(r)] (宝 10083/4443 -1)
Vocabulary: ulcer
(once / 1890 pages)
n
A canker sore is a common form of ulcer or open sore. An ulcer can be on an external surface like the mouth or an internal surface, like the stomach. They are caused by a break in skin or mucus membrane that won't heal.
Ulcer comes from the Greek elkos meaning "wound." An ulcer is a wound or lesion that is inflamed and painful. Ulcers are commonly found in the stomach where they are called peptic ulcers. They are caused by a bacteria in the intestinal tract or an overuse of drugs that disturbs the lining of the digestive tract. An ulcer is very acidic and painful. I hope you don't get one.
WORD FAMILY
ulcer: ulcerate, ulcerous, ulcers+/ulcerate: ulcerated, ulcerates, ulcerating, ulceration, ulcerative/ulceration: ulcerations
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Roux-en-Y gastric bypass was intended as a cure for stomach ulcers.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Brooks was diagnosed with a stomach ulcer when he experienced similar symptoms playing for Houston.
Washington Times(Dec 14, 2016)
The Virginian-Pilot reported Stewart’s repeated requests for medical treatment were denied; he died of a perforated ulcer.
Washington Post(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. <医>溃疡; 腐烂物; 道德败坏
分布：溃疡(97%)，弊病(2%)，腐坏物(1%)
→来自拉丁语ulcus, 溃疡，脓疮。
US [-sɚ] noun countable
■a break in the skin or on the surface of an organ inside the body, which does not heal naturally 溃疡
• a mouth/stomach ulcer 口腔／胃溃疡
n. [病理] 溃疡；腐烂物；道德败坏
 - sore, demoralization

Word: ultrasonic
Front: ultrasonic
[ˌʌltrəˈsɒnɪk] (六托 21711/25704)
Back: adj. [声]超声的; 超音波的，超音速的
n. 超声波
分布：超声波的(100%)
→ultra-, 超过的，极其的，-son, 声音，词源同sound.
超音速的(ultra+sonic声音的)[ultra-①表示"极端"②表示"超出,超过"]
US [-'sɑ:.nɪk] adjective
■describes sound which is too high for people to hear （声音）超声的
adj. [声] 超声的；超音速的
 - transsonic, supersonic
n. [声] 超声波
 - ultrasound wave

Word: umpire
Front: umpire
[ˈʌmpaɪə(r)] (宝 9861/9312 -2)
Back: n. 裁判员; 仲裁人
vt. 为…做裁判; 裁决或判决
vi. 做仲裁人，当裁判
时态：umpired, umpiring, umpires
分布：裁判(63%)，裁判员(24%)，仲裁(6%)，仲裁人(5%)，为 ... 裁决(1%)，为 ...仲裁(1%)
→来自古法语nonper, 奇数，不均，non-, 非，-per,对等，词源同 par. 引申词义第三者，裁判，参照testament, 第三人，见证，证据。
【记】源于：empire（n 帝国；帝权），有帝权自然可以仲裁。
US [-paɪr] noun countable
■a person who is present at a sports competition in order to make certain that the rules of that particular game are obeyed and to make judgments about whether particular actions are acceptable （体育比赛中的）裁判
• a cricket/tennis umpire 板球／网球裁判
vi. 当裁判，任裁判
 - ump
vt. 仲裁，裁判
 - arbitrate
n. 裁判员，仲裁人
 - judge, referee

Word: truffle
Front: truffle
[ˈtrʌfl] (15061/21808 -1)
Vocabulary: truffle
(once / 5137 pages)
1n 2n
Use the noun truffle when you're talking about a fancy French mushroom or a certain type of rich, fancy chocolate. Try not to combine the two types of truffles in the same dish!
The rare and delicious fungus known as a truffle has a distinct, savory taste that's loved by many people. There are several different types of truffles, the most popular of which are white truffles and black truffles. Both are gathered with the help of specially trained pigs and dogs that can easily smell them. The chocolate delicacy also known as a truffle was named in the 1920's for its resemblance to the round, often dark brown fungus.
WORD FAMILY
truffle: truffles
USAGE EXAMPLES
He said he designed the six-sided box for Frango mints, the signature chocolate truffles first created by Frederick & Nelson in 1918.
Seattle Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Menu highlights include beef carpaccio with truffle vinaigrette and crispy snapper in a Thai chile lime vinaigrette.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Dishes of note: Ham and cheese croissant; assorted chocolate truffles.
Washington Post(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 块菌; 松露
分布：松露(63%)，块菌(31%)，松露巧克力糖(6%)
→来自中古法语 trufle,块菌，置换自拉丁语 tufera,来自 tuber,块茎，可食根，来自 teue,鼓 起，膨胀，词源同 tuber,tumid.
noun countable
RARE FOOD 稀有食品
■a type of fungus that can be eaten which grows underground and is expensive because it is very rare 块菌（食用菌，生于地下，因稀有而昂贵）
• The Dordogne region's gastronomic specialities include truffles and foie gras. 多尔多涅地区的美食特产包括块菌和肥鹅肝。
['trʌf.l] noun countable
CHOCOLATE 巧克力
■a small round chocolate which is soft and creamy 巧克力软糖
• rum truffles 朗姆酒巧克力

Word: unscientific
Front: unscientific
[ˌʌnˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk] (21676/20364)
Back: adj. 不按照科学方法的，不科学的
分布：不科学的(81%)，非学术的(12%)，不合科学的(7%)
[ˌʌn.saɪən'tɪf.ɪk] disapproving
adjective
■not obeying scientific methods or principles 不科学的
• an unscientific account/claim/method 不科学的记述／断言／方法

Word: underage
Front: underage
[ˈʌndəreɪdʒ] (15243/43120)
Back: n. 缺乏，久缺
adj. 未成年的，未到法定年龄的
分布：未成年的(76%)，缺乏(24%)
→under-, 未达到，age, 年纪。
US [-dɚ'eɪdʒ] adjective
■younger than the lowest age at which a particular activity is legally or usually allowed 未满法定年龄的；未成年的
• There are laws against underage sex and underage drinking. 有禁止未成年性交和饮酒的法律规定。
adj. 未成年的
 - minor, infant
n. 缺乏
 - shortage, short of, deficiency, need, drought

Word: vitally
Front: vitally
[ˈvaɪtəli] (四 18464/11406)
Back: adv. 充满活力地; 极其，绝对
致命地
分布：极其(60%)，重要地(20%)，生命攸关地(20%)
ADJ-GRADED
必要的;至关重要的;必不可少的
If you say that something is vital, you mean that it is necessary or very important.
例：The port is vital to supply relief to millions of drought victims...这个港口对向数百万旱灾灾民提供救援物资是至关重要的。
例：Nick Wileman is a school caretaker so it is vital that he gets on well with young people...尼克·威尔曼是学校的管理员，因此与年轻人搞好关系很重要。
ADJ-GRADED
充满活力的;生气勃勃的
If you describe someone or something as vital, you mean that they are very energetic and full of life.
例：They are both very vital people and a good match...他俩都很有活力，十分般配。
例：They have something important to say and vital and radical ways of saying it.他们有些重要的事情要说，言辞会比较激烈。
adv. 极其；紧要地；生死攸关地
 - extremely, most, rare

Word: vegetative
Front: vegetative
[ˈvedʒɪtətɪv] (16668/25588)
Vocabulary: vegetative
(once / 9441 pages)
adj
Use the adjective vegetative to describe a physically or mentally inactive person. If you lie around on the couch all day flipping TV channels, your sister may accuse you of being in a vegetative state.
Watching television can be a vegetative activity, because certain shows require little thinking on the part of the viewer. Someone describing a vegetative state is either talking about a lazy friend, or — more seriously — a patient whose brain is damaged, leaving him unable to move, speak, or think. The original meanings of the word had more to do with growth than inactivity, but by the late 1800's doctors began using vegetative to describe patients who resembled vegetables rather than moving, thinking humans.
WORD FAMILY
vegetative: vegetatively+/ vegetate: vegetated, vegetates, vegetating, vegetation, vegetative / vegetation: vegetational, vegetations
USAGE EXAMPLES
In a Dec. 28 Medical Examiner, Jeremy Samuel Faust described brain death and vegetative states as the same.
Slate(Dec 30, 2016)
He mentioned a man from the neighborhood who was left in a vegetative state when an S.U.V. plowed into his car a few weeks earlier.
New York Times(Aug 20, 2016)
It usually leads to a person being in one of three states - coma, vegetative state, minimally conscious state.
BBC(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 有关植物生长的; 植物的; 有生长力的; 生活呆板单调
分布：植物生长的(100%)
US [-ə.teɪ.tˌɪv] specialized
adjective
■alive but showing no brain activity 植物人的
adj. 植物的；植物人状态的，无所作为的；促使植物生长的； [生物] 有生长力的
 - botanic, floristic

Word: venomous
Front: venomous
[ˈvenəməs] (托 19801/20666)
Vocabulary: venomous
(once / 2078 pages)
1adj 2adj
An animal that is venomous produces poison. Also, people act in a venomous way when they are cruel, evil, or deliberately harmful.
Both senses of venomous have to do with poison. The first meaning is literal: if a venomous snake bites you, you could die. Venomous animals are extremely dangerous, and their bite requires immediate medical attention. For people, being venomous is a little different. Spreading lies is venomous. Stealing someone's significant other is venomous. Anytime someone is being destructive on purpose, it's venomous. For people, venomous means something close to villainous — being venomous is like spreading metaphorical poison.
WORD FAMILY
venomous: nonvenomous, venomously+/envenom: envenomed, envenoming, envenoms/ venom: envenom, venomous, venoms
USAGE EXAMPLES
Venomous snakes bite an estimated 4.5 million people every year, nearly 3 million of whom suffer serious injuries, such as the loss of a limb.
Science Magazine(Dec 20, 2016)
Tiger snakes, found along Australia's coast, are highly venomous.
BBC(Dec 18, 2016)
With guidance from Seattle firefighters, zoo staff entered the smoke-engulfed building to remove venomous snakes and dwarf crocodiles, among other animals.
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: adj. （蛇等）分泌毒液的; 有毒的; <书>恶毒的; 恶意的
分布：有毒的(88%)，恶意的(12%)
adjective
POISON 毒
■poisonous
• a venomous snake 毒蛇
['ven.ə.məs] adjective
HATE 憎恨
■full of anger or hate 充满愤怒的；愤恨的；咬牙切齿的
• Ms Brown has launched a venomous attack against the newspaper. 布朗女士愤怒地抨击了那家报纸。
adj. 有毒的；恶毒的； [动] 分泌毒液的；怨恨的
 - toxic, poisonous, vicious

Word: virility
Front: virility
[vəˈrɪləti] (宝 24481/21142)
Vocabulary: virility
(once / 7933 pages)
n
Virility is a fancy word for "manliness." You could demonstrate your virility by lifting a minivan, but why be a show-off? Your virility also means that you'll need a minivan to cart around your many children.
The Latin virīlitās, from vir, or "a man," is the base for the word virility. You can also use virility to refer to "macho" qualities that might seem to reflect outdated notions of masculinity. French feminist author Simone de Beauvoir once wrote, "No one is more arrogant toward women, more aggressive or scornful, than the man who is anxious about his virility.”
WORD FAMILY
virility: virilities+/ virile: virilely, virilise, virilism, virility, virilize/virilise: virilisation/virilize: virilization, virilizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The eventual happy ending is his, not hers: Mrs McCloud gets pregnant and resigns, as his virility triumphs.
The Guardian(Nov 12, 2016)
Made-up names often rely instead on resonances with other words: Lexus evokes luxurious; Viagra conjures virility and vitality.
The New Yorker(Nov 06, 2016)
Mr. Johnstone radiates a dangerous hunger for vengeance — and a soldierly virility — that make his actions more than an idle threat.
New York Times(Oct 30, 2016)
Back: n. 男性生殖力，男子气概
分布：男子气概(40%)，生殖力(25%)，活力(21%)，刚强有力(14%)
[见上,-ity表示性质]男子气概,男生殖力,男子的成年[男(1)andr(o)男(2)vir]
US [və'rɪl.ə.tˌi] approving
noun uncountable
MAN 男人
■male sexual strength or qualities 阳刚之气；男性魅力
• There was no doubting his virility. 毫无疑问，他很有阳刚之气。
UK [vɪ'rɪl.ɪ.ti] US [və'rɪl.ə.tˌi] approving
noun uncountable
POWER 力量
■strength or power 强劲；力量；活力
• If a country's foreign trade is a measure of its economic virility, this country looks sadly impotent. 如果用外贸来衡量一个国家的经济实力，那么，这个国家的经济看起来就极其疲软乏力。
n. 男子气；男子特点；生殖力
 - masculinity, reproductivity

Word: verso
Front: verso
[ˈvɜ:səʊ] (30253/41291)
Back: n. （书的）左页，（书的）封底，反面
分布：左页(100%)
→来自拉丁语versus,转，翻转，词源versus,toward。即翻过去的，左页。比较recto.
n. 反面；书的左页； [印刷] 封底
 - contrary, far side

Word: variance
Front: variance
[ˈveəriəns] (托宝 5027/7319 -1)
Vocabulary: variance
(once / 1780 pages)
n
A change to the norm is called a variance. It suggests a difference or shifting away from the expected or usual, an example being snow in July, which is a variance in the weather of the United States, even in Minnesota.
When the word variance is used in a comparison, it is usually preceded by the word "at," as in "Her values were at variance with her actions," meaning the two differed. This makes sense, as the word, first seen in Middle English, comes from the Latin verb variāre, which means "to change." If a contractor needs to go outside the standing building code, he needs to obtain a variance, which is legal permission to make a change from the norm.
WORD FAMILY
variance: variances+/ invariable: invariability, invariableness, invariables, invariably /invariant: invariance, invariants/unvaried: unvariedly, unvariedness/ unvarying: unvaryingly/ variability: variabilities/ variable: invariable, variability, variableness, variables, variably/ variant: invariant, variance, variantly, variants/variate: bivariate, multivariate, variates/ variation: covariation, variations/ varied: unvaried, variedly, variedness/ vary: co-vary, variable, variant, variate, variation, varied, varies, varying / varying: unvarying, varyingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
From the refrigerator temperature to how records are kept, there is little or no room for variance.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Developers will often seek variances for taller buildings, which typically offer more expensive apartments or condominiums.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 15, 2016)
But the request for a zoning variance proves that Cumberland is not immune from those economic pressures.
Washington Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 变化，变动; 不一致; 分歧; <数>方差
分布：变化(81%)，不一致(19%)
变化;相异(vari+able)[uari=uary,change,表示"变化"]
【反】congruity（n 一致）
US ['ver.i-] noun
countable or uncountable slightly formal
■when two or more things are different, or the amount or number by which they are different 分歧；不同；差异
• There has been some unusual variance in temperature this month. 本月气温有些异常变化。
• I could detect subtle variances in fragrance as we strolled through the garden. 我们在花园散步时，我可以闻出不同香味间的细微差异。
countable US legal
■official permission to do something which is not normally allowed 特殊许可
• We had to get a (zoning) variance before we could build the extension on our house. 我们扩建房屋前必须获得（城市规划）特殊许可。
be at variance with sb/sth
■to be in disagreement with someone or something, or to be different from them 与…有分歧；与…存在差异
• Young people's reactions to world events are often at variance with those of their parents. 年轻人对国际大事的反应往往与父辈们存在差异。
• Most heavy metal fans are under 20 - this is at variance with the age of the bands themselves, who are often over 40. 大多数重金属摇滚乐迷年纪都不满20，这与乐队成员的年龄是大不相同——他们通常都已年过40。
n. [生物] 变异；变化；不一致；分歧； [数] 方差
 - differentiation, shift, change, diversification, turn

Word: yerevan

Word: writhe
Front: writhe
[raɪð] (13177/22822 -1)
Vocabulary: writhe
(once / 842 pages)
v
To writhe is to squirm and twist. Often you'll see the phrase "to writhe in agony." Writhe when you've just ingested some stomach-wrenching poison, or perhaps in response to red ant stings.
Writhe stems from the Old English, meaning "to twist or bend." It's not a coincidence that a Christmas wreath is greenery twisted and bent into a circle. A person can writhe in embarrassment but it's usually reserved for times when pain or discomfort cause you to twist and bend over and squirm because your body is in such distress.
WORD FAMILY
writhe: writhed, writhes, writhing +/ writhing: writhingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The man writhed in the confused agony Marines call “the kicking chicken.”
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
For ages, anti-Semitism felt dead or maybe just dormant in the ugliest, dark corners of America, where moon-landing and illuminati conspiracy theories writhed.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
It continues to writhe from a drop in oil prices that set off a currency devaluation and now a recession.
New York Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: vi. （因极度痛苦而）扭动或翻滚; 痛苦，苦恼; 蠕动，蜿蜒移动
n. 扭动，翻滚
vt. 扭动，转动，弄歪; 盘绕，缠绕
时态：writhed, writhing, writhes
分布：苦恼(26%)，扭曲(20%)，扭动(17%)，挣扎(17%)，翻腾(15%)，受苦(5%)
→来自wer,弯，转，扭曲，词源同wring,wriggle.
verb intransitive
■to make large twisting movements with the body 扭动；蠕动
• The pain was so unbearable that he was writhing in agony. 疼痛实在是难以忍受，他痛苦地扭动着身体。
• She was writhing around/about on the ground. 她在地上打滚。
■informal
■to experience a very difficult or unpleasant situation or emotion, such as extreme embarrassment 痛苦不安，难堪
• He and four other senators were writhing in the glare of unfavorable publicity. 他和其他四位参议员因负面曝光而十分难堪。
vi. 翻滚；蠕动
 - roll over, welter
vt. 扭曲；扭动
 - distort, contort
n. 翻滚；扭动；苦恼
 - misery, agony

Word: viva
Front: viva
[ˈvi:və] (31210/22264 -1)
Back: int. 〈外〉万岁
n. <意><西>万岁的欢呼，欢呼声; 口头测验
分布：口试(100%)
noun countable /ˈvaɪ.və/ (also viva voce) specialized
■a spoken examination for a college qualification （大学学历考试的）口试
n. 口头测验
 - oral test
int. 万岁（表示祝愿或赞成的欢呼声）
 - rah, huzza

Word: witchcraft
Front: witchcraft
[ˈwɪtʃkrɑ:ft] (13968/12546 -1)
Back: n. 巫术; 魔法
分布：魔法或巫术(100%)
→witch,巫师，craft,技艺。
US [-kræft] noun uncountable
■the activity of performing magic to help or harm other people 巫术，魔法
n. 巫术；魔法
 - medicine, wizardry

Word: weasel
Front: weasel
[ˈwi:zl] (宝 17242/22021 -1)
Vocabulary: weasel
(once / 2418 pages)
1n 2n
A weasel is a sneaky and sly person. Your weasel of a friend has a habit of "forgetting" his wallet every time he goes out to dinner with you.
You can call someone who cheats and lies a weasel, or you can use the word literally, to refer to the small furry mammal called a weasel. The furry kind of weasel is known for its short legs, long neck, and musky smell. In fact, the word's Proto-Germanic origin wisand carries the meaning of a stinky animal. The verb weasel means to sneak or evade, like when you weasel out of doing the dishes.
WORD FAMILY
weasel: weasels
USAGE EXAMPLES
Are men that watch this show bigoted weasels?
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Mr Craig is a magnetic Iago, a thuggish weasel in a T-shirt and shorts who delivers his lines as comfortably as he breathes.
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
Such zig-zaggy, weasel words provide little assurance that Trump has abandoned one of the more extreme, quasi-fascist pledges of his campaign.
Seattle Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 鼬鼠，黄鼠狼; 狡猾的人; 卑劣的人
vi. 躲避，躲闪（承诺、责任等）; 含糊其辞
分布：黄鼠狼(42%)，鼬鼠(31%)，推诿(11%)，狡猾的人(9%)，逃避(7%)
→来自Proto-Germanic*wisulon,臭气，臭味，来自weis,臭液，流出，词源同bison,virus。用于指黄鼠狼。
【记】we，ease，l：我们轻松的拿着剑l，看着就不像好人－黄鼠狼
noun countable
■a small mammal with reddish brown fur and a long body, which can kill other small animals such as mice and birds for food 鼬，黄鼠狼
['wi:.zəl] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  weasel out of sth mainly US informal
■to avoid doing something that you have agreed to do, especially by being dishonest （尤指不诚实地）推诿，逃避（答应过的事）
• Although they had signed the contract they tried to weasel out of the deal later. 尽管他们已经签了合约，但事后却试图逃避这笔买卖。
vi. 逃避；含糊其辞
 - get out of, run from
n. 鼬鼠；狡猾的人
 - fox, serpent

Word: yair

Word: zealotry
Front: zealotry
[ˈzelətri] (宝 31883/-)
Vocabulary: zealotry
(once / 75283 pages)
n
Zealotry is when someone takes a religious, cultural, or political belief too far, refusing to tolerate other perspectives or conflicting beliefs. People say that zealotry springs not out of faith but doubt. Makes sense.
Zealotry is believing so strongly in something that you are completely intolerant of different beliefs or opinions. A government's zealotry might lead it to outlaw free speech and arrest journalists. Zealotry comes from the noun zealot, or "fanatic," which is rooted in the Greek zelotes, "a zealous follower," ultimately from the Greek zelos, "zeal, ardor, or jealousy."
WORD FAMILY
zealotry: zealotries
USAGE EXAMPLES
But on the issues that rise to presidential attention — immigration, trade, taxes, infrastructure spending — Trump will opt for political expediency over ideological zealotry.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
That zealotry also infuses his attitude toward his films, which he tends to believe benefit from as much complexity and ambiguity as possible.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 03, 2016)
The following month, the Wall Street Journal columnist Dorothy Rabinowitz decried the “brave new world of ideological zealotry” at American universities.
The Guardian(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 狂热行为
分布：狂热(65%)，狂热的行为(19%)，狂言(16%)
→来自zeal,狂热。
【反】lack of fervor（缺乏热情）
n. 狂热的行为；狂言；狂热
 - abandon, mania

Word: xenon
Front: xenon
[ˈzenɒn] (29973/46124)
Back: n. <化>氙
分布：名词(100%)
→来自希腊语xenos,客人，陌生人，其发现者苏格兰化学家William Ramsay因这种元素发现困难而命名。比较krypton,dysprosium.
US [-nɑ:n] noun uncountable
■a type of gas which has no colour or smell and is used in special bulbs (= devices which produce light) 氙
n. [化学] 氙（稀有气体元素）
 - Xe

Word: acorn
Front: acorn
[ˈeɪkɔ:n] (宝 15397/12485)
Vocabulary: acorn
(once / 2097 pages)
n
The nut, or fruit, that grows on oak trees is called an acorn. Chicken Little thought the sky was falling when an acorn fell on his head. Don't make that same mistake.
Acorns are a distinctive nut that's often found on forest floors where oak trees grow. They are smooth and greenish, set in a rough brown base that's shaped like a little cup. The acorn is a seed, able to sprout roots if it falls in the right place, eventually growing into a new oak tree. Many animals eat acorns, some stockpiling the nuts for weeks. In Old English, æcern means "nut," from a Germanic origin.
WORD FAMILY
acorn: acorns
USAGE EXAMPLES
The extended growing season also saw better conditions for damsons, acorns and hazelnuts.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
Raleigh, North Carolina, which calls itself the city of oaks, drops a giant acorn to welcome the new year.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Oak acorn production varies markedly year to year and by species.
Washington Times(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: n. 橡子，栎实
分布：橡子(84%)，橡树果实(16%)
→词源略。俗词源：a同oak, 橡木。Corn,谷物，谷粒。
【源】它是由 oak和 corn（谷物）两个词组成的
US [-kɔ:rn] noun countable
■an oval nut that grows on an oak tree and has an outer part shaped like a cup 橡实，橡子

Word: acidification
Front: acidification
[əˌsɪdɪfɪ'keɪʃən] (29386/28388)
Back: n. 使发酸，酸化，成酸性; 变酸
分布：酸化(96%)，成酸性(3%)，发酸(1%)
n. [化学] 酸化；成酸性；使……发酸
 - acid treatment

Word: affectionately
Front: affectionately
[ə'fekʃənətlɪ] (14360/14391)
Back: adv. 挚爱地，亲切地; 脉; 脉脉; 眽眽
分布：体贴地(50%)，热情地(50%)
ADJ-GRADED
充满深情的；满怀柔情的；表示爱的
If you are affectionate, you show your love or fondness for another person in the way that you behave towards them.
例：They seemed devoted to each other and were openly affectionate...他们看起来非常恩爱，柔情蜜意溢于言表。
例：She gave me a very long and affectionate hug.她满怀深情地久久拥抱了我。
adv. 亲切地；挚爱地
 - warmly, kindly

Word: abacus
Front: abacus
[ˈæbəkəs] (30850/33592)
Vocabulary: abacus
(once / 9456 pages)
1n 2n
An abacus is an ancient tool used for calculating that remains popular in some places even today. Some sort of counter (beads, beans, stones) is moved in a groove or on a wire to represent the different numbers in the equation.
Abacus is a Latin word from a Greek word abax, which meant "counting table." The original abaci were created in sand. The plural abacuses can also be used. In architecture, an abacus can also refer to a flat slab that sits on top of the broad part of a pillar or column (called the capital) to help support a beam (called an architrave) that rests across several pillars.
WORD FAMILY
abacus: abaci, abacuses
USAGE EXAMPLES
So a tip of the cap to unafraid administrators at Drew University, which unblocked College Abacus’s search software this year.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
In July, Slack invested $1.97 million in 14 makers of bots, including Abacus, an expense reporting program.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 13, 2016)
The insurer claimed Abacus was designed so that Paulson could reap "huge profits" and Goldman "huge fees."
Reuters(Nov 03, 2016)
Back: n. 算盘; <建>（圆柱）顶板
分布：算盘(97%)，圆柱顶板(3%)
→来自希伯来语abaq, 表示尘土。指古人在石板上铺细土(沙）用于计算，后借指中国的算盘。
【源】源自希伯来语abaq“灰尘”，因为算盘很容易脏。
【记】为了拓宽大家的思路，一些简单的词我也会提供一些方法仅供参考。ab刻死，Ab离开，acus发音：刻死，这叫离开立刻死，不就是算盘吗？学会计、金融的一定深有体会。
noun countable
■a square or rectangular frame holding an arrangement of small balls on metal rods or wires, which is used for counting, adding and subtracting 算盘

Word: absorber
Front: absorber
[əb'sɔ:bə] (20508/33422)
Back: n. 吸收者，吸收体，减震器; 吸收器; 吸收剂; 减振器
分布：减震器(87%)，阻尼器(8%)，吸收装置(5%)
n. [车辆] [航] [建] 减震器； [物] [电子] [化工] [核] 吸收器； [热] 吸收体
 - shox, vibration damper

Word: amaranth
Front: amaranth
['æmərænθ] (30213/32145)
Back: n. 苋属植物，紫红色; 不凋花
分布：紫红色(37%)，苋属植物(35%)，不凋花(28%)
n. 紫红色；不凋花；苋属植物
 - wine, red purple

Word: atrium
Front: atrium
[ˈeɪtriəm] (15395/24450)
Vocabulary: atrium
(once / 6860 pages)
1n 2n
If you're in the atrium of a building, you're in a large central space, often one that's open and airy. You might arrange to meet a friend in the museum's atrium because of its central location and open feel.
Often a key feature in a modern building, an atrium is usually spacious and several stories high with windows facing the sky. The atrium serves as a welcoming central area, with other rooms leading off of the space. An atrium can also refer to a chamber that's linked to other chambers or spaces. In your heart, the right atrium receives deoxygenated blood, while the left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary vein.
WORD FAMILY
atrium: atria, atriums
USAGE EXAMPLES
We pass through the central atrium: Prince designed this space to “free minds,” says a different guide, this one dressed in a long-sleeved purple shirt.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
FOR MORE: Call Atrium at 800-377-6524 from 8 a.m. and 5 p.m.
Seattle Times(Dec 09, 2016)
The event set for 5 p.m. in the Statehouse atrium is free and open to the public.
Washington Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 心房; （现代建筑物开阔的）中庭，天井
分布：中庭(92%)，天井(8%)
→来自火。指放置火炉的地方。
['eɪ.tri.əm] (plural atriums)
noun countable
ROOM 房间
■a very large room, often with glass walls or roof, especially in the middle of a large shop or office building （尤指大商店或办公大楼的）中庭，天井
['eɪ.tri.əm] (plural atriums)
noun countable
HEART 心脏 (also auricle) specialized
■one of the two spaces at the top part of the heart which receive blood from the veins and push it down into the ventricles (= lower spaces) 心房
n. 中庭，天井前厅； [解剖] 心房
 - garth

Word: approachable
Front: approachable
[əˈprəʊtʃəbl] (20098/19316)
Vocabulary: approachable
(once / 3791 pages)
adj
Celebrities who are friendly and easy to talk to are often described as approachable. It means they are nice and open, so you can easily approach them and say hello.
A text is approachable if a reader feels like it's easy to understand and connect with. Approachable also describes how you approach, or get to a location. If your school is located deep in the woods, it might only be approachable by one road. In the winter, that road had better stay plowed or your school won't be approachable by anyone at all.
WORD FAMILY
approachable: approachability, approachably, unapproachable +/ approach: approachable, approached, approaches, approaching/approaching: approachings/ unapproachable: unapproachability, unapproachably
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I just really want to be myself, be nicer and be more approachable,” Smith says.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
All the families talk extremely positively about the care their relatives receive, describing staff as sensitive, engaging and approachable.
BBC(Dec 21, 2016)
Another student adds that Brown is firm “but she’s approachable.”
Washington Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: adj. 可亲近的; 可接近的
分布：可接近的(47%)，亲切的(39%)，易接近的(14%)
易接近的(appoach+able→能够接近的)[proach=near,表示"接近"]
US [-'proʊ-] adjective
CHARACTER 性格
■friendly and easy to talk to 友善的；易接近的
• Graham's always very approachable - why don't you talk the problem over with him? 格雷厄姆一向很友善——你为甚么不跟他谈谈这个问题呢？
UK [ə'prəʊ.tʃə.bl] US [-'proʊ-] adjective
PLACE 地方
■If a place is approachable, you can reach it or get near to it 可接近的；能达到的
• It's one of the few lakeside villages approachable by car. 那是为数不多的可以开车过去的湖滨村庄之一。
adj. 亲切的；可接近的
 - friendly, sweet, benign

Word: astrologer
Front: astrologer
[əˈstrɒlədʒə(r)] (23221/20664 -1)
Back: n. 占星家，星体研究者
分布：占星家(100%)
US [-'strɑ:.lə.dʒɚ] noun countable
■someone who studies astrology 占星师
n. 占星家
 - magus

Word: backstage
Front: backstage
[ˌbækˈsteɪdʒ] (10925/19724 -1)
Vocabulary: backstage
(once / 5691 pages)
nadvadj
Backstage is the area of a theater where the actors wait until it's time to walk onstage and play their parts. The audience can't see what's going on backstage.
If you get a backstage pass at a rock concert, it means you'll get to go behind the scenes once the show is over, and possibly meet the musicians in person. Many people who are involved in a show, performance, or play stay backstage the whole time: costume designers, makeup directors, and set painters, for example. The word is also sometimes used in a figurative way to mean "secret" or "behind the scenes."
WORD FAMILY
backstage: backstages
USAGE EXAMPLES
Backstage, he gravely smoothed his lapels, now a matter of concern.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Backstage adviser and fierce protector of Ronald Reagan in his journey from actor to president - and finally during his battle with Alzheimer’s disease.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Helpmate, backstage adviser and fierce protector of Ronald Reagan in his journey from actor to president - and finally during his battle with Alzheimer’s disease.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adv. 后台; 秘密地; 背地里; 在幕后
分布：在后台(67%)，向后台(33%)
/-'-] adjective adverb
■in the area behind the stage in a theatre, especially the rooms in which actors change their clothes or where equipment is kept 后台的，幕后的；在后台，在幕后
• We went backstage after the show to meet the actors. 演出结束后我们去后台跟演员们见面。
• backstage workers 幕后工作人员
■If something happens backstage, it is not generally known about 秘密的（地）
• The organizers say it's a fair contest but who knows what goes on backstage? 筹划者说这是一场公平的比赛，但谁知道幕后真相如何？

Word: cairn
Front: cairn
[keən] (25440/16517)
Back: n. 石冢，石堆纪念碑，堆石界标
分布：石冢(40%)，堆石界标(32%)，石堆纪念碑(28%)
→词源同horn, 角。
US [kern] noun countable
■a small pile of stones made, especially on mountains, to mark a place or as a memorial (= an object to make people remember someone or something) （尤指山上用于标记地点或作为纪念的）堆石标
n. 石冢； [测] 堆石界标；石堆纪念碑
 - stoneman

Word: bipolar
Front: bipolar
[ˌbaɪˈpəʊlə(r)] (10604/26605)
Vocabulary: bipolar
(once / 16647 pages)
1adj 2adj 3adj
The prefix "bi-" means two, so bipolar means having two opposing poles. Often, this is the name of a type of mental illness.
Anything with two poles or opposites can be considered bipolar. The yin and yang symbol (black and white or male and female) is an example of bipolar or opposing natures. However, this term is used most often to describe bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive illness, which is when you experience very high highs and very low lows with your emotions. The negative and positive charge on a neuron or a transistor can also be called bipolar.
WORD FAMILY
polar: bipolar, circumpolar, nonpolar, polarise, polarity, polarize, polarly, transpolar+/depolarise: depolarised, depolarising/depolarization: depolarizations/depolarize: depolarization, depolarized, depolarizes, depolarizing/polarisation: depolarisation/polarise: depolarise, polarisation, polarised, polarises, polarising/ polarity: polarities/ polarization: polarizations/ polarize: depolarize, polarization, polarized, polarizes, polarizing/ pole: polar, poled, poles, poling
USAGE EXAMPLES
One marcher in the crowd held a sign calling Fisher, who spoke openly about her struggles with bipolar disorder, a mental health advocate.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
One marcher in the crowd held a sign calling Fisher, who spoke openly about her struggles with bipolar disease, a mental health advocate.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Fisher persisted through bipolar disorder and drug addiction.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 有两极的，双极的，两极世界的
分布：双极的(100%)
→前缀bi-, 二。pole, 地级，两级端。
ADJ
两强对立的；两极的
Bipolar systems or situations are dominated by two strong and opposing opinions or elements.
例：...the bipolar world of the Cold War years.冷战期间的两极世界

Word: bookshelf
Front: bookshelf
[ˈbʊkʃelf] (高雅 11170/22136 -1)
Back: n. 书架; 书橱
分布：书架(100%)
['bʊk.ʃelf] (plural bookshelves)
noun countable
■a shelf in a bookcase 书架

Word: barrio
Front: barrio
[ˈbæriəʊ] (-/47320)
Vocabulary: barrio
(once / 10085 pages)
n
In the US, a barrio is the neighborhood where most people speak Spanish. For example, in New York, Spanish Harlem is also called El Barrio. Outside the US, barrio refers to a district in Spain or a Spanish-speaking country.
The word barrio means "neighborhood" in Spanish, and in most Spanish-speaking places, that's exactly what it means. In Cuba and Spain, barrios are official divisions of municipalities. But in New York, Los Angeles, Tucson, Miami, and other US cities, a barrio isn’t an official district, it’s just the neighborhood where Spanish speakers settled and/or still live.
WORD FAMILY
barrio: barrios
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some of these armed groups were once anchors of government support in the barrios.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
He ponders over public policy issues: street lights for high-crime areas, renovation projects for coastal barrios, simple solutions to streamline existing operations.
The Guardian(Dec 13, 2016)
Barrio picked its own tequila from Herradura distillery in Mexico.
Seattle Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 美国城镇中说西班牙语居民集居的贫民区
分布：名词(100%)
→来自西班牙语，指街区。词源可能同borough.
US ['bɑ:r.i.oʊ] noun countable
■in the US, a part of a city where poor, mainly Spanish-speaking people live （美国城市中）说西班牙语的贫民聚居区

Word: chalice
Front: chalice
[ˈtʃælɪs] (宝 20724/20421)
Vocabulary: chalice
(once / 3483 pages)
n
A chalice is a bowl-shaped drinking vessel. Chalices were all the rage back in King Arthur's day.
You won't come across the word chalice very often today (outside of books, anyway) unless you hang out at those Renaissance fairs where everyone dresses up as knights. The term "poisoned chalice" is good for describing something that looks beneficial, but is actually harmful.
WORD FAMILY
chalice: chalices
USAGE EXAMPLES
From an earthenware chalice, he swallowed a capsule of psilocybin, an ingredient found in hallucinogenic mushrooms.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
The Chalice Concert Series will present “An American Piano Tapestry,” a solo recital by series director Michael Adcock.
Washington Post(Nov 25, 2016)
Carlos Danger pours white liquid from the pitcher into the chalice and all drink from it, including Comey.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 03, 2016)
Back: n. 高脚酒杯; 圣餐杯; 金杯毒酒; 看似诱人实则令人讨厌的事物
分布：杯(69%)，圣餐杯(31%)
→来自kal, 杯子，词源同calyx, 花萼。进一步来自keue, keup, 词源同cup.
【记】读：茶里死。要想茶里死不太容易，需要一个巨大的茶杯。
noun countable
■in Christian ceremonies, a large, decorative, gold or silver cup from which wine is drunk （基督教仪式中用金或银装饰的）圣餐杯，圣爵，高脚酒杯
■in magic, a cup representing the element of water （魔法中代表水的）杯子
n. 杯；圣餐杯；酒杯
 - calix, grail

Word: camaraderie
Front: camaraderie
[ˌkæməˈrɑ:dəri] (12254/18754)
Vocabulary: camaraderie
(once / 8312 pages)
n
Camaraderie is a spirit of good friendship and loyalty among members of a group. You might not like your job, but still enjoy the camaraderie of the people you work with.
A high level of camaraderie among the athletes on and off the field not only makes it fun to play sports, but is likely to make your team win. This noun was borrowed from French, from camarade "comrade." It retains the French spelling and Frenchlike pronunciation kahm-uh-RAHD-uh-ree. The suffix -erie corresponds to English -ery, used with nouns to indicate a quality.
WORD FAMILY
camaraderie
USAGE EXAMPLES
Jarvies’ report says leadership is lacking within the department and that a “sense of malaise and frustration” is harming camaraderie.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Navy from 1969 to 1974 during the Vietnam War - playing guitar alongside fellow veterans brings back the camaraderie he experienced while at war.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
The nature of the assignments helps build a sense of camaraderie with the men she works with, who look at her as a fellow pilot.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 同志之爱，友情
分布：友情(77%)，同志之爱(23%)
→词源同chamber，comrade,chum, 原指同处一室的人。
【参】comrade（n 朋友，同志，伙伴）
【反】enmity（n 敌意）
US [-dɚ-] slightly formal
noun [S or U]
■a feeling of friendliness towards people that you work or share an experience with 同志情谊；友情
• When you've been climbing alone for hours, there's a tremendous sense of camaraderie when you meet another climber. 独自攀登数小时后遇到另一个攀登者，这时你会产生强烈的志同道合感。
n. 友情；同志之爱
 - good-fellowship, comradeliness

Word: chimera
Front: chimera
[kaɪˈmɪərə] (宝 21645/24799)
Vocabulary: chimera
(once / 4186 pages)
n
A chimera is something you’ve imagined that’s bits and pieces of other things mashed together into a new horrible fantasy, something impossible in real life that only exists in your mind.
In Greek mythology, a chimera is a monster that has a lion’s head, a goat’s body, and a serpent’s tail. And it breathes fire. No creature like that has ever existed, but the idea seemed real and terrifying to Greeks, and that’s another meaning: an idea that feels real but is impossible, like the idea of a world without evil. Pronouncing the word is very possible though; just try it one of two ways: either kye-MEER-uh or kih-MEER-uh. Both work.
WORD FAMILY
chimera: chimeras, chimeric, chimerical
USAGE EXAMPLES
In chasing performance, investors are pursuing a chimera.
Economist(Nov 24, 2016)
His presidency will thus expose Pillar Four as the sentimental chimera it has always been.
Economist(Nov 17, 2016)
Worryingly for Moyes, Wenger’s players evidently resolved to rise to the challenge and their resultant improvement swiftly began rendering Sunderland’s bright beginning a cruel chimera.
The Guardian(Oct 29, 2016)
Back: n. （由几种动物的各部分构成的）假想的怪兽; 不可能实现的想法; 幻想; 妄想
分布：嵌合体(53%)，妄想(41%)，神话怪物(6%)
→来自gheim, 雪，冬季，词源同hibernation, 冬眠。字面意思即传说中的雪怪。
【源】原指希腊神话中吐火女怪凯米拉（狮头、羊身、蛇尾）
【记】chi吃，me我，ra拉：大妖怪吃我来了！！！
【参】chimerical（adj 异想天开的；幻想的；爱空想的）
US [-'mɪr.ə] formal
noun countable
■a hope or dream that is extremely unlikely ever to come true 幻想；妄想，空想
• Is the ideal of banishing hunger throughout the world just a chimera? 在全世界消除饥饿的理想是否只是痴心妄想？
n. [遗] 嵌合体；虚构的怪物；妄想
 - ecphronia, mirage

Word: capo
Front: capo
['keɪpəʊ] (30007/43225)
Back: n. （弦乐器上的）弦枕; 弦柱; （犯罪集团的）头目; （犯罪集团的）分支头目
分布：支部头目(100%)

Word: centrality
Front: centrality
[sen'trælətɪ] (12978/16860)
Back: n. 中心; 中央; 向心性; 集中性
分布：中心(70%)，向心性(17%)，中央(13%)
ADJ
中央的;中心的
Something that is central is in the middle of a place or area.
例：...Central America's Caribbean coast...中美洲加勒比海沿岸
例：The disruption has now spread and is affecting a large part of central Liberia.混乱局面已经扩散，正在影响利比里亚中部的大片地区。
ADJ-GRADED
位于中央地带的;处于中心的;四通八达的
A place that is central is easy to reach because it is in the centre of a city, town, or particular area.
例：...a central location in the capital.首都的中心地带
ADJ
中央的;有最高决策权的
A central group or organization makes all the important decisions that are followed throughout a larger organization or a country.
例：There is a lack of trust towards the central government in Rome.人们对罗马的中央政府缺乏信任。
例：...the central committee of the Cuban communist party.古巴共产党中央委员会
ADJ-GRADED
最重要的;核心的
The central person or thing in a particular situation is the most important one.
例：Black dance music has been central to mainstream pop since the early '60s.自上世纪60年代以来，黑人舞曲一直是主流流行乐的核心。
例：...a central part of their culture.他们文化的核心部分
n. 中心；中央；向心性
 - focus, hub, middle

Word: clover
Front: clover
[ˈkləʊvə(r)] (16519/12529)
Back: n. 三叶草; <非正>生活舒适而富裕; 养尊处优; 生活优裕
分布：三叶草(57%)，苜蓿(43%)
→来自glei,黏，粘，词源同clay,cling,glue.因其黏性汁液而得名。
US ['kloʊ.vɚ] noun uncountable
■a small plant with three round leaves on each stem, often fed to cows （常作牛饲料的）苜蓿，三叶草，车轴草
UK ['kləʊ.vər] US ['kloʊ.vɚ] noun uncountable
live/be in clover
■to enjoy a life of money and comfort 生活安逸舒适，养尊处优
• With the income from the family estate, she's in clover. 靠家里的地产收入，她过得很安逸。
n. [植] 三叶草；苜蓿；红花草
 - trifolium, shamrock

Word: concurrent
Front: concurrent
[kənˈkʌrənt] (托 12234/10520 -1)
Vocabulary: concurrent
(once / 4232 pages)
adj
Concurrent means happening at the same time, as in two movies showing at the same theater on the same weekend.
You might notice another adjective, current, in concurrent. While current refers to something that is happening right now, concurrent describes two or more things happening at the same time. A prisoner who is serving two concurrent five-year sentences will serve those prison terms together, meaning that he'll probably get out of jail in five years rather than ten. To help you remember the meaning of concurrent, imagine two parallel kayaks being carried down a river by the current at the same time.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
concurrent / consecutive
Bad guys don't like these words because they often describe jail terms: concurrent means at the same time, and consecutive means one after the other in a series. Con artists would rather serve concurrent terms and get them over with, instead of consecutive ones.
Concurrent events happen at the same time, like when thieves make a plan to rob two houses at midnight. Here are some examples from the Times. Don't try to read them all at once:
Most patients ultimately require at least two concurrent treatments to achieve remission of their depression, he said. (New York Times)
A second Esquire promotion, meanwhile, is concurrent with its Brooklyn Decker effort, with both running through Feb. 28. (New York Times)
He was given 20 concurrent life sentences, and has been held for nearly 30 years in the Broadmoor high-security psychiatric hospital west of London. (New York Times)
The adjective consecutive, on the other hand, means one after the other, like little ducks all in a row. Thieves go from one house to the next on down the block if they're robbing consecutive houses. Sports fans like the word consecutive, especially when their team is winning. Here are some consecutive examples, read them one at a time:
Harvard also won its 19th consecutive game at home. (Seattle Times)
Each team will have to play on three consecutive nights at least once. (Seattle Times)
South Korea's factory activity shrank for a fourth consecutive month. (Reuters)
If the robbers served time consecutively, they'd serve first two months for robbing houses, and then another two months for stealing a car. If they served time concurrently, they'd be out in just two months. Woohoo!
WORD FAMILY
concurrent: concurrency, concurrently +/ concur: concuring, concurred, concurrence, concurrent, concurring, concurs/ concurrence: concurrences/concurrency: concurrencies
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is concurrent with a four-year sentence on similar charges from a recent military court-martial.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
At a hearing Wednesday, 33-year-old Kilwa Jones was expected to plead guilty to state charges and be sentenced a term concurrent to the federal charges.
Washington Times(Dec 15, 2016)
The judge imposed a mix of consecutive and concurrent nine-year jail terms, adding up to a total of 45 years.
BBC(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: adj. 〈正式〉同时发生的; 同时完成的; 同时存在的
n. [数] 共点; 同时发生的事件
分布：同时发生的(100%)
同时的;共同的(concur+rent→同时的)[cur(r),curs,cours=run,表示"跑,发生"]
【记】con共同，curr跑－共同跑的－同时发生的con共同，cur＝occur（v 发生）con共同，current（adj 当前的）
【参】occurrence（n 发生的事件）；curriculum（n 课程表）concurrence（n 同意，一致＝agreement；同时发生）
【反】concur（v 同时发生；同意）－naysay（v 反对）/dissent（v 不同意）
US [-'kɝ:-] adjective
■happening or existing at the same time 并发的，同时发生的；并存的
• The judge imposed concurrent sentences totalling 14 years for the attacks on the girls. 法官对其侵害少女的多宗罪行数罪并罚，判处其14年有期徒刑。
adj. [计] 并发的；一致的； [统计] 同时发生的
 - united, consistent, corresponding, matching, uniform
n. [数] 共点； [统计] 同时发生的事件
 - common point

Word: consignment
Front: consignment
[kənˈsaɪnmənt] (22180/10211 -1)
Vocabulary: consignment
(once / 6352 pages)
1n 2n
Consignment means the delivery of things, like clothing or furniture, for sale or donation to someone else. A "consignment shop" is a clothing store that sells other people's clothing and goods.
Consignment is a commercial term that refers to a giving over of objects. If your goods are on consignment, you still technically own them while they are on sale at the consignment shop. The word sometimes refers literally to goods being delivered or shipped, such as food or cargo. Consignment can also mean entrusting a person into the care of someone else, as when you put your aging grandparents in an old-aged home.
WORD FAMILY
consignment: consignments+/ consign: consigned, consignee, consigner, consigning, consignment, consignor, consigns/consignee: consignees/consigner: consigners/consignor: consignors
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Gorvy gained a reputation for winning prime consignments with little regard for profits, a portrayal he said was inaccurate.
New York Times(Dec 07, 2016)
With the exception of a high-end consignment store, additional hotel boutiques have yet to be revealed.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 29, 2016)
A holiday promotion would leave little room for profit after paying Shoptiques and the artists whose works she sells on consignment.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 26, 2016)
Back: n. 装运的货物，托运的货物; 托运，运送; 委托，托管
分布：寄售(59%)，委托(28%)，托付货物(10%)，寄售物(3%)
→来自consign, 交付，交寄。
交付;委托(consign+ment)[sign=mark表示"记号,信号"]
noun countable
■an amount of goods that is sent somewhere 托运的货物
• The most recent consignment of cloth was faulty. 最近一次托运的布料有残疵。
on consignment
■If goods are on consignment, the person or company that receives them will only pay for them after they have been sold. （货物）以寄售方式出售的
n. 委托；运送；托付物
 - commitment, shipping, carrying, delegation

Word: conversational
Front: conversational
[ˌkɒnvəˈseɪʃənl] (托 13516/10168)
Back: adj. 会话的，谈话的; 健谈的，善应酬的; [计]对话的，双向的
分布：会话的(45%)，对话的(30%)，健谈的(25%)
US [ˌkɑ:n.vɚ-] adjective
■relating to or like a conversation 交谈的；谈话式的；口语的
• a conversational style of writing 口语化的行文风格
• He seems to lack basic conversational skills. 他似乎缺乏基本的谈话技巧。
adj. 对话的；健谈的
 - dialogic, communicative

Word: dally
Front: dally
[ˈdæli] (宝 30380/33538)
Vocabulary: dally
(once / 2270 pages)
1v 2v
Dally means “to waste time.” When you dally, you will cause a delay because of your dawdling.
You have probably heard the expression "to dilly-dally" — which means “to dawdle.” Well, if you take the dilly out of dilly-dally to get just dally — you still have pretty much the same meaning. Dally has other common definitions, such as “to flirt” (especially without care of the result) or “to play.” The light tone is probably an echo of its origin, which is likely the French word dalier, meaning “to amuse oneself.”
WORD FAMILY
dally: dalliance, dallied, dallier, dallies, dallying+/ dalliance: dalliances/dallier: dalliers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The South Lake Tahoe Police Department said in a statement that Harry Dally was arrested Tuesday after California officers searched his home.
Seattle Times(Nov 23, 2016)
Dally was arrested after police identified him on surveillance footage.
Washington Times(Nov 23, 2016)
Dally as the parliamentarians may, the fib underpinning Lebanon’s political system will only become more egregious.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
Back: vi. 随随便便地对待; 不很认真地考虑; 浪费时间; 调情
时态：dallied, dallying, dallies
分布：玩弄(38%)，浪费时间(20%)，调情(16%)，戏耍(13%)，赋闲(13%)
→词源不详。可能来自法语dalier, 自娱自乐，游荡，词源同delay.
【记】dally可以但是不能daily（adj 每日的）；dally away 蹉跎光阴读：大理，段誉在大理dally
【参】dalliance（v 戏弄，调情＝dallying＝flirting＝toying）
['dæl.i] old-fashioned
verb intransitive
■to waste time or do something slowly 蹉跎，浪费光阴；磨洋工，做事磨蹭
⇒ See also dillydally
['dæl.i] old-fashioned
verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  dally with sb (also dally with sb's affections)
■to be romantically or sexually involved with someone, usually for a short time, without really loving them 玩弄（某人）的感情，欺骗（某人）的感情；与…调情
• It's cruel the way she just dallies with his affections. 她那样玩弄他的感情真是太残忍了。
['dæl.i] old-fashioned
verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  dally with sth
■to consider or imagine an idea, subject or plan, but not in a serious way 随便想想，不认真地考虑（想法、主题或计划）
• He had occasionally dallied with the idea of starting his own business, but he had never actually done anything about it. 他偶尔也曾幻想过自己开设一间公司，但却从未真正付诸行动。
vi. 玩弄；闲荡；轻率地对待
 - moon, play fast and loose
vt. 浪费（时间）
 - lose, spend, waste on, trifle away, hurl away

Word: custodial
Front: custodial
[kʌˈstəʊdiəl] (17876/16607)
Vocabulary: custodial
(once / 45635 pages)
adj
Someone whose job or task is custodial is supposed to take care of you. A babysitter's job is custodial.
A guardian or caregiver of any kind has a custodial duty — he or she supervises and protects another person, usually a child. After a divorce, there's sometimes only one custodial parent, while the other only visits occasionally. When a criminal is sent to prison, it's often called a "custodial sentence," because the convicted person is being watched over and supervised in jail. The Latin root is custodia, "guarding or keeping."
WORD FAMILY
custody: custodial, custodies
USAGE EXAMPLES
The children were killed after being abducted from their custodial grandparents’ home.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
On Monday, the rights group released a 114-page report which examines "police disregard for arrest regulations, custodial deaths from torture, and impunity for those responsible".
BBC(Dec 19, 2016)
The police spokesman said his conviction was the first custodial sentence to arise from the two organisations working together.
BBC(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 保管的，保管人的
n. 圣物保管容器
分布：保管的(47%)，保管人的(40%)，监禁的(13%)
US [-'toʊ-] adjective
PRISON
custodial sentence
■a period of time that someone must stay in prison 监禁判决
UK [kʌs'təʊ.di.əl] US [-'toʊ-] adjective
CARE 保护
■relating to the legal right to care for someone or something, especially a child 照管的；监护的；具有监护权的（尤指对小孩的）
• custodial care 看护
adj. 保管的；保管人的
 - depository

Word: delineate
Front: delineate
[dɪˈlɪnieɪt] (托宝 10523/15444)
Vocabulary: delineate
(once / 1657 pages)
adjv
Though you pronounce it duh-LIN-ee-ate, there is a "line" in the middle of delineate. This might help you remember that to delineate is to outline and define something in detail or with an actual marking of lines and boundaries.
When you create an outline for a paper it usually summarizes what you will detail later. You delineate the sections, or mark the heading lines, and when you write the details, you delineate the subject of each heading. So, to delineate is both to mark lines and to fill in the lines. Using a fence to divide properties or a carpet to claim your side of the bedroom also is a way to delineate, or mark, physical boundaries.
WORD FAMILY
delineate: delineated, delineates, delineating, delineation, delineative+/ delineated: undelineated/ delineation: delineations
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Where do I start?’’ he said with a deep breath, when asked to delineate the challenge facing Washington.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
He showed her the collection and she created “art blocking plans” to delineate each piece and where it would hang.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
The key is the term “excessive” — used twice by the founders to delineate bail from extreme fines and burdens being imposed on innocent-until-proven-guilty defendants.
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: vt. 勾画，描述
时态：delineated, delineating, delineates
分布：描绘(63%)，叙述(23%)，画出(14%)
→de-, 向下，强调。line, 线，线条。即画线，描绘。
勾画,描写(de点重+line+ate用力画线→描画)[line=line,表示"直线,线条"]
【记】de，line（线条），ate－加强线条－描绘；参考：limn（描绘）
[dɪ'lɪn.i.eɪt] formal
verb transitive
■to describe or mark the edge of something 描述；勾画
• The main characters are clearly delineated in the first chapter. 作者在第一章里对主要人物进行了清晰的描述。
• The boundary of the car park is delineated (= its edges are marked) by a low brick wall. 停车场的四周用一堵矮砖墙围了起来。
vt. 描绘；描写；画…的轮廓
 - represent, trace, picture, figure

Word: despondent
Front: despondent
[dɪˈspɒndənt] (宝 18930/18735)
Vocabulary: despondent
(once / 2628 pages)
adj
If you are despondent, you are discouraged, very sad, and without hope. If you are depressed, you might describe your mood as despondent.
This adjective is often followed by over or about: He was despondent over the loss of his job. If you want a noun, use the words despondency or despondence. The adjective despondent is from Latin despondens, from despondere "to lose courage, give up," from the prefix de- "from" plus spondere "to promise." The Latin words originally referred to promising a woman in marriage.
WORD FAMILY
despondent: despondently+/ despond: desponded, despondence, despondency, despondent, desponding, desponds/despondence: despondences/ despondency: despondencies
USAGE EXAMPLES
But as they settled in a new country, he struggled to find work and grew despondent.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Or was she despondent and ready to commit suicide?
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Yes, he was despondent on the bench and contrite in the locker room.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 沮丧的，泄气的; 嗒然; 抑郁; 意志消沉
分布：沮丧的(62%)，失望的(30%)，没有精神的(8%)
→de-, 向下，离开。-spond, 承诺，词源同spouse, respond. 原义为承诺离开，放弃，引申词义沮丧的。比较abjure, forswear.
失望的(despond丧气+ent)[Spond,spons=promise,表示"承诺"]
【记】de反，spond允诺－没有得到允诺－沮丧的de坏，spond＝spend：把钱花在坏的方面，一般时特别沮丧才会干的
【参】respond（v 响应；反应）；responsible（adj 有责任的）
【反】elated（adj 兴高采烈的）；sanguine（adj 满怀希望的）
US [-'spɑ:n-] adjective
■unhappy and with no hope or enthusiasm because you feel you are in a difficult situation 郁闷的，沮丧的，消沉的
• He became/grew increasingly despondent when she failed to return his phone calls. 她没给他回电话，让他感到越来越沮丧。
• She started to feel despondent about ever finding a job. 她开始对找到工作感到气馁了。
adj. 沮丧的；失望的
 - disappointed, blue, depressed

Word: disinformation
Front: disinformation
[ˌdɪsˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃn] (20605/34146)
Back: n. 故意的假情报
分布：虚假信息(50%)，故意的假情报(50%)
US [-fɚ-] noun uncountable
■false information spread in order to deceive people 假资讯，假情报
• They claimed there was an official disinformation campaign by the government. 他们声称政府发起了一场散发虚假情报的运动。

Word: dispersion
Front: dispersion
[dɪˈspɜ:ʃn] (16078/16714)
Vocabulary: dispersion
(once / 3964 pages)
n
The noun dispersion means the process of distributing something over an area. A combination of your yearly planting of new bulbs and their natural tendency to spread has led to the dispersion of daffodils over your entire back yard.
Dispersion refers to the act of spreading something, like your dispersion of sprinkles evenly over three dozen cupcakes. It can also be used to talk about the scattering of something across a very large range, such as the dispersion of people with Scottish heritage across the United States. The Latin root word is dispersione, which means a scattering.
WORD FAMILY
dispersion: dispersions+/ dispersal: dispersals/ disperse: dispersal, dispersed, disperses, dispersing, dispersion, dispersive/ dispersed: dispersedly/dispersive: dispersively
USAGE EXAMPLES
Thus was a form of politics designed in Europe and organized against Jews in their dispersion reorganized against Jews gathered in their homeland.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
The higher the dispersion percentage, the more likely stock returns are to differ.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 20, 2016)
In longer irons, the shot dispersion -- a.k.a the lateral accuracy -- was tighter.
Golf Digest(Nov 01, 2016)
Back: n. 散布; 驱散; 离差; 差量
分布：分散(47%)，色散(41%)，弥散(6%)，散布(6%)
分散;驱散(disperse+ion)[spers=scatter,表示"散开"]
US [-'spɝ:-] noun uncountable formal
■ dispersal
■specialized
■the separation of light into different colours 色散
n. 散布； [统计] [数] 离差；驱散
 - interspersion, diffusedness

Word: decadence
Front: decadence
[ˈdekədəns] (托宝 17922/20570)
Vocabulary: decadence
(once / 3636 pages)
n
Whether in reference to chocolate cake for breakfast or wild all-night parties, decadence means extravagance, luxury, and self-indulgence with a sense of moral decline.
The Latin root of decadence means "to fall down," and this may help you understand the full sense of the word. Decadence is not simply a synonym for excess; it also suggests that one's morals have gone down. The word is usually negative but not always. When hostile critics called a group of French writers and artists in the late 1800s decadents, these poets and painters embraced the label. When a pastry chef calls her creation Chocolate Decadence, she is promoting a mildly guilty pleasure, not announcing the end of Western civilization.
WORD FAMILY
decadence: decadences+/decadency: decadencies/ decadent: decadence, decadency, decadently, decadents
USAGE EXAMPLES
There are two themes under one roof at the Red Derby's Decades of Decadence party.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
He professes to be fighting decadence because he is a pious Muslim.
BBC(Dec 22, 2016)
“It’s about desperation, decadence, depression and rage,” said a reverend.
New York Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. 衰落，堕落，颓废
分布：颓废(69%)，衰落(31%)
→de-, 向下。-cad, 掉落，词源同case, accident. 引申义堕落。
【记】decade（n 十年）经济增长就会进入衰退。
【反】wholesomeness（n 健康）
noun uncountable
■low moral standards and behaviour 堕落，颓废，腐朽
• Western decadence 西方的堕落
n. 堕落，颓废；衰落
 - corruption, degradation, deterioration

Word: educationalist
Front: educationalist
[ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃənəlɪst] (-/16408)
Back: n. 教育学家
分布：教育家(79%)，教育学家(17%)，=educationist.(4%)
[ˌed.jʊ'keɪ.ʃən.əl.ɪst] (also educationist)
noun countable
■a person who has a special knowledge of the principles and methods of teaching 教育家；教育学家
n. 教育家；教育工作者
 - teaching staff

Word: ellington

Word: dovetail
Front: dovetail
[ˈdʌvteɪl] (21364/22169)
Vocabulary: dovetail
(once / 8254 pages)
nv
A dovetail is a joint in woodworking where two sides are fitted together with interlocking pieces. You can also use the word dovetail to show how other things fit well together — like how your picnic plans nicely dovetail with the sunny forecast.
A well-made dovetail is a beautiful thing, with wooden projections that slide into notches perfectly, the two sides forming a corner. When things fit this way, you can say they dovetail — they fit easily and work well together. Your plan to dress up as a Jedi knight dovetails well with your brother's Darth Vader costume, for example. Dovetails got their name from the tail feather-like shape of the joint's pieces.
WORD FAMILY
dovetail: dovetailed, dovetailing, dovetails
USAGE EXAMPLES
She is there, she said, to support and dovetail with others.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
The characters’ personalities dovetail artfully with the show’s topicality.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
The interests of Russia and Iran do not always dovetail.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 楔形榫头
v. 与…吻合，用鸠尾榫接合，吻合
时态：dovetailed, dovetailing, dovetails
分布：鸽尾榫(50%)，鸽尾结合(50%)
→因这种工具形如鸽尾而得名。
verb intransitive or transitive
■to cause something to fit exactly together （使）吻合；（使）衔接；（使）咬合
• Their results dovetail nicely with ours. 他们的结果与我们的非常吻合。
• We've tried to dovetail our plans with theirs. 我们试图把我们的计划与他们的计划衔接起来。
vi. 吻合
 - cog

Word: draper
Front: draper
[ˈdreɪpə(r)] (40433/17277 -1)
Back: n. 布商，服装商
分布：布商(68%)，布面清选机(16%)，带式输送器(16%)
US [-pɚ] UK old-fashioned
noun countable
■someone who, in the past, owned a shop selling cloth, curtains, etc. 布店老板
n. [贸易] 布商；服装商
 - clother, mercer

Word: dough
Front: dough
[dəʊ] (4395/12465 -1)
Vocabulary: dough
(once / 1437 pages)
n
Dough is a thick mixture of flour and other ingredients that can be kneaded, baked, and eaten. Bread dough needs to rise before you bake it in a hot oven.
Many baked goods begin their lives as dough, including bread, rolls, and some cookies. Dough is stiff enough that you can shape it, pull pieces off of it, stretch it and knead it. Informally, dough can also mean "money." If your friend says, "I make so much dough waiting tables!" he probably means money, not cookie dough. The word comes from an Indo-European root that means "smear" or "knead."
WORD FAMILY
dough: doughs, doughy
USAGE EXAMPLES
There is no finer moment than knocking back a bowl of dough after its first fermentation.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
He and his team produce pies of exceptional quality, beginning with a two-flour dough that’s fermented nearly 48 hours.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
She said she’d be donating the dough, so without her permission he paid the money directly to a charity.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 生面团; 〈美俚〉钱
分布：生面团(100%)
→来自dheign, 揉捏，形成，词源同dairy, fiction. 即揉捏的面团。
US [doʊ] noun
FLOUR 面粉
countable or uncountable
■flour mixed with water and often yeast, fat or sugar so that it is ready for baking 面团，面坯
• bread dough 面包坯
• pastry dough 油酥面团
• She kneaded the dough and left it to rise. 她揉好面团后让它发酵。
UK [dəʊ] US [doʊ] noun
MONEY 钱
uncountable old-fashioned slang
■money 钱
• I don't want to work but I need the dough. 我不想工作，但是我需要这钱。
n. [食品] 生面团；金钱
 - moola, siller

Word: encrust
Front: encrust
[ɪn'krʌst] (19368/19492)
Vocabulary: encrust
(once / 6929 pages)
1v 2v
When you encrust something, you coat it with a layer of some other material. You might encrust your homemade cheesecake bites in crushed cookie crumbs, for example.
There are many ways to encrust various kinds of food, as when you encrust fish or chicken in breadcrumbs before baking it. A jeweler might encrust a ring in tiny diamonds, and the ocean's tide can encrust a dock with tiny snails or barnacles. The Latin root of encrust is incrustare, which, fittingly, means "to cover with crust."
WORD FAMILY
encrust: encrustation, encrusted, encrusting, encrusts+/ crust: crusted, crusting, crustlike, crusts, crusty, encrust / crusty: crustier, crustiest, crustily/encrustation: encrustations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Used as a draft excluder, it was encrusted with dirt and had been attacked by vermin and insects.
BBC(Nov 28, 2016)
To others they are barnacles encrusting a beloved landmark.
New York Times(Nov 14, 2016)
Photos of the penthouse, published by the Daily Mail, show enormous chandeliers, plush sofas, and gold encrusted Corinthian columns.
BBC(Nov 14, 2016)
Back: vt. 用一层硬壳覆盖，包裹; （用贵重物品在）表面装饰
vi. 结壳，形成硬壳
时态：encrusted, encrusting, encrusts
分布：装饰外层(100%)

Word: fatherhood
Front: fatherhood
[ˈfɑ:ðəhʊd] (14523/33409)
Back: n. 父亲的身份，父性，父权
分布：父亲的身份(100%)
US [-ðɚ-] noun uncountable
■the state or time of being a father 父亲的身分
• Fatherhood is a lifelong responsibility. 身为父亲是一生的责任。
n. 父亲的身分；父权；父性；父道
 - paternity

Word: falconer
Front: falconer
[ˈfɔ:lkənə(r)] (托 29743/17873)
Back: n. 以鹰狩猎者，养鹰者，放鹰者
分布：以鹰狩猎者(70%)，饲养和训练猎鹰的人(30%)
US ['fɑ:l.kə.nɚ] noun countable
■a person who keeps and often trains falcons for hunting 养猎鹰者；训练猎鹰者

Word: florist
Front: florist
[ˈflɒrɪst] (14041/16325)
Vocabulary: florist
(once / 4825 pages)
n
A florist is someone whose job involves arranging and selling cut flowers. If you can't decide what flowers to buy your mom for Mother's Day, you can ask a florist for advice.
It's most common to call the owner or manager of a flower shop a florist, although the word is also used to mean a person who grows flowers meant for cutting. Whether you're buying flowers for a sick friend or planning the bouquets for a wedding, a florist is the person you should consult. Florist comes from the French fleuriste, from the Latin root word flos, or "flower."
WORD FAMILY
florist: florists+/ flower: florist, flowered, flowering, flowerless, flowers, flowery /flowering: flowerings, nonflowering/ flowery: flowerily
USAGE EXAMPLES
She said that although she splits her business between a variety of Iowa City florists, she will miss Pleasant Valley.
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Pruners: Use either garden hand pruners or florist’s snips to cut the stems.
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
Tour groups will be accommodated, and the White House residence will be cared for by a team of butlers, housekeepers and florists.
Washington Post(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: n. 花商，花农，花卉研究者
分布：种花人(100%)
→来自词根flor, 花，词源同flower.
US ['flɔ:r-] noun countable
■a person who works in a shop which sells cut flowers and plants for inside the house 花商；花店店员
florist's
■a shop which sells cut flowers and plants for inside the house 花店

Word: fink
Front: fink
[fɪŋk] (29998/30379)
Back: n. 破坏及反罢工的人; 告发人; 密告人; 乞丐
vi. 向警方告密，做工贼
时态：finked, finking, finks
分布：破坏及反罢工的人(44%)，告发人(42%)，告发(14%)
→可能来自finch的俚语义，小鸟，告密者。
noun countable US informal
■someone who tells secret and damaging information about someone else; an unpleasant person 告密者，打小报告者；讨厌鬼；卑鄙小人
• Kelly's such a fink - she told Mom I was smoking again. 凯莉真爱打小报告——她告诉妈妈我又在吸烟了。
[fɪŋk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  fink on sb US old-fashioned slang
■to tell other people secret and damaging information about someone 告（某人）的密
[fɪŋk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  fink out US slang
■to fail to do something, especially something promised 背约；食言
• We'd planned to go camping but at the last minute Ron finked out. 我们原本计划去野营，但最后罗恩食言了。
n. 告发人，密告人；破坏及反罢工的人；乞丐
 - panhandler, begger

Word: fresno

Word: gadgetry
Front: gadgetry
[ˈgædʒɪtri] (26226/32642)
Back: n. 小机械，小器具
分布：小机械(64%)，小机件(36%)
n. 小配件；小玩意；小机件
 - bauble, doohickey

Word: foliage
Front: foliage
[ˈfəʊliɪdʒ] (托宝 7345/7292 -1)
Vocabulary: foliage
(once / 514 pages)
1n 2n
Foliage refers to the leafy parts of a tree or plant. "Don't eat the foliage on the rhubarb plant because the leaves are poisonous and eating them can be fatal; the stems, on the other hand, are tasty."
The noun foliage refers to leaves — either individual leaves or the collective leafy canopy of many trees or plants. Every autumn, thousands of people drive through the New England countryside to view the fall foliage, enjoying the brilliant russet and gold leaves against a crisp blue sky. The jungle foliage, on the other hand, can be so dense that one may have to slice through it with a machete in order to pass through it.
WORD FAMILY
foliage: foliages
USAGE EXAMPLES
Human order and disheveled foliage combine in a charming way.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
The state likens the reports to the fall foliage reports.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Only occasionally do they pause, perhaps hearing a light rustle on the fallen leaves or glimpsing something scampering among the dark green foliage.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 植物的叶子（总称），叶子及梗和枝; 树叶
分布：簇叶(100%)
树叶(总称)[foli=leaf,表示"树叶"]
树叶(foli树叶;参考:portfolio文件夹)[-age名词反缀1.表示"状态,总称"2.表示"场所,物品"3.表示"费用"]
【记】foil（n 箔）作为词根foli树叶
【参】portfolio（n 有价证券；文件夹）；folivore（n 食叶动物）
US ['foʊ-] noun uncountable
■the leaves of a plant or tree, or leaves on the stems or branches on which they are growing 叶子；树叶；枝叶
• The dense foliage overhead almost blocked out the sun. 头顶上方浓密的枝叶几乎遮住了阳光。
n. 植物；叶子（总称）
 - vegetable, leaf, plant

Word: frisk
Front: frisk
[frɪsk] (宝 22757/33531)
Vocabulary: frisk
(once / 3613 pages)
1vn 2v
To frisk someone is to search them, usually for weapons. It’s typical for a crime show to portray a police officer frisking a suspect.
The purpose of frisking is to find out if someone is carrying a particular kind of item. The person doing the frisking may be looking for weapons or a recording device. Another meaning of frisk is more light-hearted: “to play in an enthusiastic manner.” Kids running around a playground are frisking. If you say there’s frisking going on in a nearby park, you might want to clarify which meaning you’re indicating.
WORD FAMILY
frisk: frisked, frisking, frisks+/frisking: friskings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Inside, soldiers frisked anyone moving close to the Iraqi generals, who arrived in some two dozen armored SUVs and Humvees.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
About 1,200 were let in after guards frisked them for weapons, and the rest were told to return Monday.
Washington Post(Dec 18, 2016)
Latinos and black Americans are more likely to be frisked, arrested, or killed.
Slate(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: vt. （用手）搜（某人）的身
vi. （动物）活蹦乱跳
时态：frisked, frisking, frisks
分布：搜身(44%)，蹦跳(24%)，嬉戏(14%)，欢欣鼓舞(9%)，雀跃(9%)
→词源同fresh, 新鲜的，充满活力的，引申词义活蹦乱跳的。后来衍生词义搜身，可能是来自顽皮的小孩乱翻大人衣服。
【记】f＝for，risk（n 冒险）：因为能去南极冒险看企鹅，所以frisk
【参】frisky（adj 活泼的, 欢闹的）＝frolicsome
verb
transitive
■to use your hands to search someone's body when they are wearing clothes for hidden illegal objects or weapons （用手）搜…的身
• We were all frisked at the airport. 我们在机场都接受了搜身检查。
[frɪsk] verb
intransitive
■to move around in a happy, energetic way 活蹦乱跳，欢跃
• a postcard with a picture of lambs frisking in the fields 一张印有小羔羊在原野里活蹦乱跳嬉戏画面的明信片
vi. 蹦跳；欢跃
 - cavort
n. 搜身；快乐；蹦跳；快乐的时刻
 - pleasure, joy
vt. 轻摇
 - jiggle

Word: hammersmith

Word: gurkha

Word: grime
Front: grime
[graɪm] (17814/19712)
Back: n. 污垢，污点; 煤尘
vt. 使污秽; 使…弄脏
时态：grimed, griming, grimes
分布：污垢(88%)，污物(12%)
→来自ghrei, 刮，擦，涂沫，词源同chrism, Christ,chrome. 原指涂在脸上伪装用的污泥。
noun uncountable
■a layer of dirt on skin or on a building 污垢；尘垢；积垢
• The walls were covered in grime. 墙上满是污垢。
n. 尘垢；污点；煤尘
 - jaup, tainture

Word: gestation
Front: gestation
[dʒeˈsteɪʃn] (19807/16097)
Vocabulary: gestation
(once / 9586 pages)
n
Gestation is the period of time when something is conceived and developed. The gestation period for human babies lasts nine months.
Gestation comes from the Latin gestare, which means to bear, or give birth to. We can talk about the gestation of fetus before it's born, but we also use gestation to talk about ideas. If you've been vaguely thinking about starting a revolution for the last year, then that idea has been in gestation.
WORD FAMILY
gestation: gestational, gestations+/ gestate: gestated, gestates, gestating, gestation
USAGE EXAMPLES
After this elephantine gestation period, with the UK as a leading advocate of the idea, a deal is now imminent.
BBC(Dec 20, 2016)
That’s roughly the gestation period of an elephant.
Salon(Dec 15, 2016)
The average gestation period for a giraffe is 15 months.
Washington Times(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: n. 怀孕; 怀孕期; （思想、主意等的）构思、酝酿; 孕育（过程）
分布：怀孕(72%)，酝酿(28%)
noun uncountable
BABY 胎儿 specialized
■(the period of) the development of a child or young animal while it is still inside its mother's body 怀孕（期），妊娠（期）
• The baby was born prematurely at 28 weeks gestation. 胎儿在怀孕的第28周早产。
• The period of gestation of rats is 21 days. 老鼠的妊娠期是21天。
[dʒes'teɪ.ʃən] noun uncountable
IDEA 想法
■(the period of) the development of ideas, thoughts or plans （想法、思想或计划的）酝酿（期），孕育（期）
• The scheme had a very long gestation period. 这个方案经过了很长时间的酝酿。
n. 酝酿； [妇产] 怀孕；妊娠期
 - conception, pregnancy

Word: guillotine
Front: guillotine
[ˈgɪləti:n] (宝 20980/16628)
Vocabulary: guillotine
(once / 2246 pages)
1nv 2n
The guillotine was a death penalty machine used to behead people convicted of crimes, and it was basically a giant blade that slid down and sliced through a person’s neck, their head falling into a basket below.
The guillotine was named after Joseph-Ignace Guillotin, a French doctor who promoted the machine because it was a quicker and more humane way to cut off a person’s head. Guillotine is also as verb. The last time the French government guillotined someone was in 1977, and in 1981 the death penalty was abolished in France. Pronouncing guillotine wrong won’t send you to it, but be safe and say it this way: GEE-yuh-teen.
WORD FAMILY
guillotine: guillotined, guillotines, guillotining
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Queen’s croquet becomes a master class in piano technique, with players guillotined left and right.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 23, 2016)
One by one, the so-called Freedom Caucus trundled GOP House leaders off to the ideological guillotine, as the Tea Party revolution grew more extreme.
Washington Times(Oct 28, 2016)
Inside, there are displays of authentic swords and suits of armor, along with a reconstructed guillotine that was last used in 1861.
Seattle Times(Oct 18, 2016)
Back: n. 断头台; （切纸的）铡刀; 切纸机; （英国议会中）截止辩论以付表决法
vt. & vi. 在断头台上处死
时态：guillotined, guillotining, guillotines
分布：断头台(87%)，切纸机(10%)，斩决(3%)
→来自法国医生Joseph Guillotin，他出于人道主义考虑，在1791年设计了一款高效的断头设备。不幸的是，他的名字被用于这种新型设备的名称，为此，他无数次抗议，但已挡不住这个新名词的流传。
【记】源于法国人文主义医生guillotine盖勒廷，他发明了断头台。Gu骨，ill，otine：骨头生病了－胫骨折断－断头台
noun
DEVICE 装置
countable or only singular
■a device, invented in France, consisting of a sharp blade in a tall frame which was used in the past for killing criminals by cutting off their heads （法国发明的）断头台
• King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette went to the guillotine (= were killed by the guillotine) during the French Revolution. 法国大革命期间，国王路易十六和玛丽‧安托瓦内特被推上了断头台。
■ countable UK
■a device with a long sharp blade which is used for cutting large quantities of paper 切纸机；裁切机
['gɪl.ə.ti:n] noun
LIMIT 限制
countable UK specialized
■a limit on the amount of discussion allowed about a particular law in Parliament, which is made by setting a fixed time before a final vote must be taken （英国议会对法律议案的）规定截止辩论的时限
['gɪl.ə.ti:n] verb transitive
KILL 处死
■to cut someone's head off using a guillotine 在断头台上处决；将…推上断头台处死
• During the French Revolution, thousands of people were guillotined. 法国大革命期间，数以千计的人命丧断头台。
['gɪl.ə.ti:n] verb transitive
LIMIT 限制 UK specialized
■to set a fixed time before a final vote must be taken on a particular law in Parliament （英国议会对法律议案的）规定截止辩论的时限
• The bill was guillotined at the committee stage. 在委员会审议阶段，这项法案即遭限制。

Word: grammatical
Front: grammatical
[grəˈmætɪkl] (四六 18423/5905)
Vocabulary: grammatical
(once / 2369 pages)
adj
If your know-it-all friend advises you not to say, "Me and John went...," she is giving you grammatical advice. In other words, she's correcting your terrible grammar. (BTW, it should be "John and I...")
The adjective grammatical comes up most often in English classes, since it describes anything having to do with parts of speech, syntax, and other elements of a well-written sentence. The Latin root word is grammaticalis, meaning "of a scholar," which in turn comes from the word grammaticus, "pertaining to grammar." If you're an authority on the English language, you can feel free to describe yourself as a grammatical scholar.
WORD FAMILY
grammatical: grammatically, ungrammatical+/ grammar: grammarian, grammars, grammatic, grammatical / grammarian: grammarians/ungrammatical: ungrammatically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Castro’s corrections were factual and grammatical rather than ideological, she added.
The Guardian(Dec 06, 2016)
Also, Pidgin hardly follows standard grammatical rules so "you can lose things like verbs", by saying: 'I dey go' to mean 'I'm going'.
BBC(Nov 16, 2016)
Each video was three seconds long and followed a similar grammatical pattern.
BBC(Nov 08, 2016)
Back: adj. 语法上的，符合语法规则的
分布：语法的(85%)，合乎文法的(15%)
US [-'mætˌ-] adjective
 ADVANCED
■relating to grammar or obeying the rules of grammar 文法的；文法正确的，符合文法规则的
• a grammatical (= grammatically correct) sentence 文法正确的句子
adj. 文法的；符合语法规则的
 - well-formed

Word: humiliating
Front: humiliating
[hju:'mɪlɪeɪtɪŋ] (10717/11305)
Vocabulary: humiliating
(once / 1274 pages)
adj
When something humiliating happens to you, it makes you feel embarrassed and ashamed. Your humiliating haircut might force you to wear a stocking cap to work.
Something that humbles you and makes you feel foolish is humiliating: it's humiliating to sing your song for the school talent show in the wrong key, and it's even more humiliating when the audience laughs. Admitting defeat in a competition or battle is often described as humiliating, as are most kinds of public embarrassment. The noun humiliation came first, from the same root as humble, the Latin humilis, "lowly, humble," and literally, "on the ground."
WORD FAMILY
humiliating: humiliatingly+/ humiliate: humiliated, humiliates, humiliating, humiliation / humiliation: humiliations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Buying clothes with a 68 waist was humiliating.
New York Times(May 02, 2016)
"There is nothing worse in a country than humiliating a teacher; nothing is worse than neglect by those who carry weapons," Ms Qaisi wrote.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
It was one of the humiliating defeats in the history of English football, leading to the immediate resignation of manager Roy Hodgson.
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: adj. 丢脸的; 羞辱性的
v. “humiliate”的现在分词
分布：丢脸的(80%)，动词humiliate的现在分词形式.(10%)，伤自尊的(10%)
US [-tˌɪŋ] adjective
■making you feel ashamed or stupid 令人感到耻辱的；丢脸的
• Losing my job was the most humiliating thing that ever happened to me. 失业是我碰到过最丢脸的事。
• The government suffered a humiliating defeat in yesterday's debate. 政府在昨天的辩论中输得很难堪。
• He found it humiliating to have to ask for money. 被迫开口要钱，他觉得很丢脸。
adj. 丢脸的；羞辱性的
 - discreditable

Word: hypersonic
Front: hypersonic
[ˌhaɪpə'sɒnɪk] (28392/-)
Back: adj. 极超音速的，远超过音速的
分布：极超音速的(78%)，远超过音速的(22%)

Word: incestuous
Front: incestuous
[ɪnˈsestjuəs] (24007/24014)
Back: adj. 血亲相奸的，乱伦的
分布：乱伦的(59%)，犯乱伦罪的(25%)，排外的(16%)
→来自incest,乱伦。
adjective
■involving incest 乱伦的
• The film is about Auteil's incestuous love for his sister. 这部影片讲述了奥泰尔和他妹妹的不伦之恋。
■disapproving
■involving only a close or limited group of people, who do not communicate or do business with people outside the group 小集团的；排外的
• Journalists and politicians often have a rather incestuous relationship. 新闻记者和政客之间往往形成一种相当排外的关系。

Word: increment
Front: increment
[ˈɪŋkrəmənt] (雅宝 13233/16016)
Vocabulary: increment
(once / 4774 pages)
n
Consider expanding your vocabulary by a small increment, or increase, each day. Increasing your vocabulary by an increment of just two words a day means you’ll learn more than 700 new words a year!
Increment is often used in the context of a series of regular increases, so this word comes in handy whenever you’re expanding or improving something over time. Maybe you contribute to your bank account in modest increments each week. Or, when working out at the gym, perhaps you increase the number of sit-ups you do by a small increment each day.
WORD FAMILY
increment: incremental, increments+/ incremental: incrementally
USAGE EXAMPLES
Tax increment financing is common in many states but are not used as much in Kentucky.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
So in other words we started patching together three minutes of music in 30-second increments, until we got there.
BBC(Dec 23, 2016)
This gratuitous publication will horrify many, inspire a few, and, by a small but perceptible increment, further desensitize the rest of us.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 增长; 增量; 增额; 定期的加薪
时态：incremented, incrementing, increments
分布：增量(49%)，增加(36%)，增值(12%)，增额(3%)
→in-,进入，使，-cre,增加，创造，词源同create,crescent.引申词义加薪。
增加(increase的名词)[cre,creas=grow,make,表示"增长,产生"]
【记】increase（v 增加）
【参】accretion（n 自然增长）；incretion（n 内分泌；激素）
noun countable
■one of a series of increases 增加，增长
• You will receive annual salary / pay increments every September. 每年九月你会得到加薪。
n. [数] 增量；增加；增额；盈余
 - enhancement, gain, surplus, rise

Word: indigent
Front: indigent
[ˈɪndɪdʒənt] (托宝 15961/36066)
Vocabulary: indigent
(once / 3363 pages)
adj
An indigent person is extremely poor, lacking the basic resources of a normal life. Often the indigent lack not only money but homes.
Indigent comes from a Latin word meaning wanting, which we used to use to mean “lacking” and not just to describe desires. Homeless shelters, soup kitchens, free medical clinics and court-appointed lawyers are all institutions that our society has developed to help indigent people.
WORD FAMILY
indigent: indigence
USAGE EXAMPLES
Such widespread complaints stem from a money-saving indigent defense system.
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
In South Carolina, state lawmakers capped the diversion fee at $350 and said it might be waived for indigent defendants.
New York Times(Dec 12, 2016)
“When you got sick and indigent, you wound up in places like that.”
Washington Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. 贫穷的，贫困的，缺少钱财的
分布：贫困的(63%)，贫穷的(37%)
→indi-,在内，在里，来自in-的扩大形式，-ig,缺乏，需要，来自拉丁语egere,需要的，来自angh,紧的，紧缩的，词源同anguish,anxious.引申词义贫穷的。
贫穷的(贫困+ent)[-ent 1.表示形容词"…的"2.表名词"…药剂"3.表名词"…人"]
【记】in否定，dig挖，ent－挖不出东西－贫困的
【区】indigenous是以ous结尾，表示多，不可能是indigent的意思。
【反】affluent（adj 富裕的；丰富的）
['ɪn.dɪ.dʒənt] formal
adjective
■very poor 十分贫困的，十分贫穷的
adj. 贫困的；贫穷的（副词indigently）
 - poor, needy

Word: intoxicated
Front: intoxicated
[ɪnˈtɒksɪkeɪtɪd] (24855/43009)
Vocabulary: intoxicated
(once / 1415 pages)
adj
Someone who's intoxicated has had too much to drink. Visit an Irish pub on St. Patrick's Day and you're sure to see at least one intoxicated person.
When you describe someone as intoxicated, you usually mean that he's been drinking alcoholic beverages until he feels dizzy and sick. You can also use the word to talk about someone who's really excited or happy about something: "She was intoxicated by Paris the minute she stepped off the airplane." Before intoxicated was first used to mean "drunk" in the 1570's, it meant "poisoned," which especially makes sense when you know the Latin root word, intoxicare, "to poison."
WORD FAMILY
intoxicated: unintoxicated+/ intoxicate: intoxicated, intoxicates, intoxicating, intoxication/ intoxicating: intoxicatingly/intoxication: intoxications
USAGE EXAMPLES
A judge ordered Hamell to pay $1,875 in fines plus an additional amount in surcharges for operating while intoxicated and carrying weapons.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Recommendations include requiring bartenders and others who serve alcohol to be trained in identifying intoxicated customers.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Becky’s harshness toward herself is as faulty a self-perception as, say, a Dorothy Parker character intoxicated by her own beauty and refinement.
The New Yorker(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 喝醉的，极其兴奋的
v. 使喝醉( intoxicate的过去式和过去分词 ); 使陶醉; 使激动不已; 使欣喜若狂
分布：喝醉的(84%)，极其兴奋的(16%)
US [-'tɑ:k.sɪ.keɪ.tˌɪd] adjective formal
■drunk 喝醉的
• She was charged with driving while intoxicated. 她被指控酒后驾车。
■excited, happy and slightly out of control because of an experience such as love, success, etc 陶醉的；极其兴奋的；忘乎所以的
• She was understandably intoxicated by her success in the national competition. 她因在全国比赛中获胜而欣喜若狂是可以理解的。
adj. 喝醉的；极度兴奋的
 - preserved, drunken

Word: inning
Front: inning
[ˈɪnɪŋ] (7703/- -2)
Back: n. [棒球]一局; [体育运动]局; 常作 innings（与单数或复数动词连用）显身手的机会; 海滩荒地的围垦
分布：围垦(75%)，显身手的机会(25%)
→来自in,里面，入内。引申词义比赛的一局，回合。
noun countable
■one of the nine playing periods in a game of baseball （棒球中的）局，回合

Word: inquisition
Front: inquisition
[ˌɪnkwɪˈzɪʃn] (22360/16226)
Vocabulary: inquisition
(once / 5534 pages)
n
An inquisition is a severe, harsh interrogation or questioning. When there's an inquisition, someone is doing everything possible to get to the bottom of something.
While inquisitions are never a very positive experience, this word has even worse connotations thanks to the Spanish Inquisition, which hunted down and persecuted anyone who didn't believe in Catholicism. Today we use inquisition to describe any serious investigation, usually an illegal or immoral one. If your mom keeps hounding you with questions about school, your job, your love life — you might yell, "What is this? An inquisition?"
WORD FAMILY
inquisition: inquisitions
USAGE EXAMPLES
Attuned to the deception, U.S. immigration officials put Chinese arrivals through a formidable inquisition to ensure they were who they claimed to be.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Attuned to the deception, United States immigration officials put Chinese arrivals through a formidable inquisition to ensure they were who they claimed to be.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Republicans launched a relentless onslaught of committee inquisitions that eventually would start impeachment.
Seattle Times(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: n. <正>调查，审讯
分布：调查(90%)，审查(10%)
→来自inquire,查询，询问，-s,过去分词后缀。引申词义盘问，责难。
调查,审问(in进入+quis+ition→进去问→调查)[Quest,quir,quis,quer=seek,search,表示"寻求,询问"]
[ˌɪn.kwɪ'zɪʃ.ən] formal disapproving
noun countable
■a period of asking questions in a detailed and unfriendly way 盘问；责难
• The police subjected him to an inquisition that lasted 12 hours. 员警对他进行了长达12小时的盘问。
n. 调查；宗教法庭； [法] 审讯
 - investigation, probe, research, hearing, trial

Word: invincibility
Front: invincibility
[ɪnˌvɪnsə'bɪlətɪ] (26112/44609)
Back: n. 无敌，绝对不败
分布：无敌(82%)，绝对不败(18%)

Word: juniper
Front: juniper
[ˈdʒu:nɪpə(r)] (13393/13271 -1)
Back: n. 刺柏属丛木或树木; 刺柏; 杜松; （美）桧状植物（多用于装饰）
分布：杜松(100%)
→来自拉丁语iuniperus, 可能来自iunco,芦苇，词源同junk,junket.用于指一种常绿灌木，即刺柏。
US [-pɚ] noun countable or uncountable
■a small evergreen (= never losing its leaves) bush which has sharp leaves and small purple fruits which are used in medicine and in making gin (= a type of strong alcoholic drink) 桧属植物；杜松；刺柏
• juniper berries 杜松子
n. [林] 杜松；桧或刺柏属植物；（美） [植] 桧状植物（多用于装饰）
 - hackmatack

Word: junket
Front: junket
[ˈdʒʌŋkɪt] (22369/36212)
Vocabulary: junket
(once / 6671 pages)
1nv 2nv
A junket is a pleasure trip, often funded by someone else. You've probably heard of a politician taking a junket to a fancy resort, all paid for using taxpayer money.
A junket can be used as a gift to try to get something from the person going on the trip. If you're a travel reporter and resort owners pay for your junket to check out their new property in Hawaii, you might feel like you owe them a good review. A junket isn't always devious: the word can simply mean a journey taken for pleasure, like when you take your boat out and sail down the coast for a couple days.
WORD FAMILY
junket: junketed, junketeer, junketing, junkets, junketting+/junketeer: junketeering, junketeers/junketing: junketings
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Do you lie in interviews?” they’re asked at a press junket.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
Remember when predicting the Golden Globes was a simple math equation along the lines of: star power + junket price tag = momination?
Los Angeles Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Haley and I traveled a lot for press junkets for “I’ll See You in My Dreams.”
Los Angeles Times(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: n. <非正>公费旅游; （旧时流行的）乳冻甜食，凝乳甜食
vt. 以游宴款待
时态：junketed, junketing, junkets
分布：游览(67%)，野宴(33%)
→来自拉丁语iuncata,芦苇编织的篮子，来自拉丁语iuncus,芦苇，词源同junk.原义为提着一篮食物到外面郊游，野炊，引申词义欢乐游，后来用于指政府人员的公费旅游。
['dʒʌŋ.kɪt] disapproving
noun countable
■a journey or visit made for pleasure by an official, which is paid for by someone else or is paid for with public money （政府官员的）公费旅游
n. 野餐；游览
 - tourism, picnic
vi. 野餐；去郊游
 - picnic lunch, go for an outing

Word: jaunty
Front: jaunty
[ˈdʒɔ:nti] (宝 18576/20926 -1)
Vocabulary: jaunty
(once / 2088 pages)
1adj 2adj
Jaunty combines ideas such as cheerful, spiffy, upbeat, and natty into one delightfully economical adjective that means all of those things at once!
A jaunty hat is one that's stylish and cheerful at the same time, a quality that can be accentuated if the person wears it in a jaunty fashion, perhaps off to the side or over one eye. Playing the part of a jaunty person is easy if you're feeling upbeat and chipper and want the world to know it. Elves are often jaunty in their own way. Sporting their spiffy outfits and featuring that trademark cheerful spring in their step. The fact they always seem so lively and eager to chat only increases the jaunty impression they make. One can't be blamed for wanting to take a jaunt with the jaunty little guys.
WORD FAMILY
jaunty: jauntier, jauntiest, jauntily, jauntiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The festive bottle of St. Bernardus, which features the brewery’s trademark smiling monk sporting a jaunty Santa hat, is comparatively restrained.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
It is trimmed with a jaunty red stripe and name plates designating its long-ago owner: Chicago station WGN-TV.
Washington Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Slice it diagonally; it’s easier to eat that way and it looks jaunty too.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: adj. 快活的; 洋洋得意的; 活泼的; 自信满满的
adv. 心满意足地，洋洋得意地
n. 心满意足; 洋洋得意
分布：洋洋得意的(58%)，轻松活泼的(28%)，有教养的(14%)
→来自古法语gentil,出身高贵的，友好的，愉悦的，词源同gentle,gentleman.并由出身好的引申傲慢，得意等相关词义。
【记】源于：jaunt（n 远足；短途旅游）＝joy＋aunt，姑奶奶很joy，是因为愉快的短程旅游。
【反】staid（adj 沉静的）
US ['dʒɑ:n.tˌi] adjective
■showing that you are happy and confident 轻松活泼的；喜气洋洋的
• a jaunty grin/step. 喜气洋洋的咧嘴微笑／轻松活泼的步伐
• When he came back his hat was at a jaunty angle and he was smiling. 他回来时，得意洋洋地歪戴着帽子，脸上带着微笑。
adj. 快活的；活泼的；洋洋得意的；感到自信和自满的
 - alive, lively, activated, sunny

Word: latex
Front: latex
[ˈleɪteks] (13768/23110)
Back: n. 胶乳，（尤指橡胶树的）橡浆; 人工合成胶乳（用以制作油漆、粘合剂和织物）
分布：胶乳(50%)，乳液(50%)
→来自拉丁语latex,液体，流体，来自lat,湿的。后用于指树胶，乳胶。
noun uncountable
■a white liquid produced by many plants, especially rubber trees, or a rubber-like substance made from this or from plastic, which is used in making clothes, paint, glue, etc 胶乳；（尤指橡胶树的）橡浆；橡胶，乳胶
• a latex mask 乳胶口罩
• a pair of latex surgical gloves 一副乳胶外科手套
n. [橡胶] 乳胶； [植] 乳液
 - lactoprene

Word: lange

Word: manly
Front: manly
[ˈmænli] (四六 14055/18827 -1)
Vocabulary: manly
(once / 364 pages)
adjadv
Someone who's manly acts in a typically masculine way. If you live in a log cabin, split your own wood, and occasionally scare away bears, go ahead and call yourself manly.
Manly attributes are usually heroic ones like bravery and strength. Despite the fact that many women also have these characteristics, it's still common to describe them as manly. Manly activities might include fishing, hunting, and other rugged, outdoorsy sports. In the thirteenth century, this adjective simply meant "characteristic of a human."
WORD FAMILY
manly: manlier, manliest, manliness, unmanly+/foreman: foremanship, foremen/ man: foreman, maned, manful, manhood, maning, manlike, manly, manned, manning, mannish, mans, men, superman, unman/manful: manfuler, manfully, manfulness, unmanful/ manhood: manhoods/manlike: manlikely, unmanlike/manliness: manlinesss/manned: undermanned/mannish: mannishly/ men: mens/superman: supermen/unman: unmanned, unmanning, unmans/unmanful: unmanfully/unmanly: unmanliness
USAGE EXAMPLES
I never saw Prince as womanly or manly or even androgynous.
The New Yorker(Dec 27, 2016)
“So I thought the monster should be very manly.”
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Some daring actresses—Marlene Dietrich and Katharine Hepburn—donned manly pants with voluminous pockets.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 有男子气概的; 适合男子的; 强壮的
adv. 以男人的方式
级别：manlier, manliest
分布：适于男人的(35%)，强壮的(33%)，像男人的(16%)，男子般地(16%)
→来自man,男人。即像人男人的。
有男子气的(man男人)[-ly 1.表形容词,通常加在名词后2.表副词,通常放在形容词后]
adjective approving
■having the qualities which people think a man should have 具有男子气概的
• He has such a manly voice. 他的嗓音很有男子气。
• My mother used to tell me it wasn't manly for little boys to cry. 我母亲过去常说哭哭啼啼的小男孩不是男子汉。
masculine, male, manly
这组词都有“男人的，男性的”的意思，其区别是：
masculine: 指有男子特征的，阳刚的。用于形容女性时，含轻蔑意味。
male: 单纯指男性或雄性。
manly: 指适合男子的、有男子汉气慨的。
adj. 男子气概的；强壮的；适于男人的
 - strong, tough

Word: kebab
Front: kebab
[kɪˈbæb] (24359/24038)
Back: n. （印度）烤腌羊肉串，肉串上的肉块
分布：烤肉串(88%)，=kabob.(12%)
→来自土耳其语kebap,烤肉。
US [-'bɑ:b] (also shish kebab)
noun countable
■a dish consisting of small pieces of meat and vegetables that have been put on a long thin stick or metal rod and cooked together 烤肉串
n. （印）烤肉串；烤腌羊肉串（等于kabob）
 - kebob, kabob

Word: jock
Vocabulary: jock
(once / 1473 pages)
n
A jock is a serious athlete, someone who enjoys and is good at sports. Your cousin the jock might encourage you to try out for the football team even if what you love is playing chess and acting in plays.
The noun jock, which is mostly used for people who are excellent at physical challenges and sports, can also be used for someone with a non-sporty interest, like a music jock or a computer jock. Before it gained its "athlete" meaning, jock was shorthand for jockstrap, supportive underwear that's often worn by male athletes.
WORD FAMILY
jock: jocks
USAGE EXAMPLES
"I was just chasing him in me jocks," Mr McConnell said in a TV interview viewed millions of times online.
BBC(Nov 23, 2016)
“I thought he was cute, but he didn’t have the jock type of looks I usually like.”
New York Times(Nov 18, 2016)
“Even people that were jocks in high school are buying tickets for Avenger movies.”
Washington Times(Nov 20, 2016)

Word: meningitis
Front: meningitis
[ˌmenɪnˈdʒaɪtɪs] (16920/16907 -1)
Back: n. 脑膜炎
分布：名词(100%)
→来自meninges,脑膜，-itis,炎症。
US [-tˌɪs] noun uncountable
■a serious infectious disease that causes the tissues around the brain and spinal cord to swell 脑（脊）膜炎

Word: nondescript
Front: nondescript
[ˈnɒndɪskrɪpt] (14663/20898)
Vocabulary: nondescript
(once / 4650 pages)
adjn
Nondescript is a word used to describe something that isn't special or unusual in any way. You might have trouble finding a nondescript apartment building because it looks exactly like every other apartment building around it.
You could use the word nondescript to describe your blind date if she was completely uninteresting and dull, both in looks and personality. Some houses are so nondescript that you have to drive by several times just to make sure it's the right one.
WORD FAMILY
nondescript: nondescriptly, nondescripts
USAGE EXAMPLES
The site at Eygelshoven is a nondescript collection off large warehouses near a rail line.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 15, 2016)
DEEPMIND’S office is tucked away in a nondescript building next to London’s Kings Cross train station.
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
Dapper entrepreneur and “Godfather of Rodeo Drive” whose vision transformed a nondescript Southern California street into one of the world’s pre-eminent fashion districts.
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: adj. 无明显特征的，难以归类的，难以形容的
n. 难以形容或归类的人或物
分布：莫可名状的(44%)，难以区别的(28%)，没有特点的(14%)，难以名状的人或物(14%)
→non-,无，非，description,描述，特征。
【记】non不，deseript描述一没法描述的
【反】conspicuous（adj 显著的）；remarkable（adj 不平常的）；striking（adj 显著的）
US ['nɑ:n-] adjective
■very ordinary, or having no interesting or exciting features or qualities 平常的；平庸的；平淡无奇的
• The meteorological bureau is in a nondescript building on the outskirts of town. 气象局设在城郊一座不起眼的建筑内。

Word: melville

Word: nausea
Front: nausea
[ˈnɔ:ziə] (雅宝 9312/12346 -1)
Vocabulary: nausea
(once / 1516 pages)
n
When you feel like you might throw up, that's nausea. I know you're feeling sea sick, but if our boat sinks, nausea will be the least of your problems.
Nausea gets its root from the Greek word for ship, naus, so it might have originally meant sea sickness in particular. Remembering this origin might help you spell nausea correctly too, since it ends with “sea.” But nausea can strike on dry land just as well, from eating the wrong thing, catching the flu, reading on a moving bus . . . just thinking of it all makes me sick to my stomach.
WORD FAMILY
nausea: nauseate, nauseous +/ nauseate: nauseated, nauseates, nauseating / nauseating: nauseatingly, nauseatingness/ nauseous: nauseously
USAGE EXAMPLES
And maybe there’s a lesson to be learned here: to move outside myself, to move beyond nausea; to focus on the other, not on self.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
All these frivolous high society partygoers are faced with the “nausea, terror and shame” that awaits them.
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
Residents complained of headaches, nosebleeds and nausea, short-term symptoms associated with an odor-causing additive in the natural gas.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 作呕; 恶心; 反胃; 极度厌恶
分布：恶心(86%)，反胃(10%)，作呕(3%)，极端的厌恶(1%)
→来自拉丁语naus,船，词源同nautical,navigate.其原义为晕船，作呕，后词义通用化。
作呕;晕船(naus海+ea[=ia病]→海上的病→晕船,作呕)[nav,naus,naut=ship表示"船",naut引申为"海员"]
UK [-ʒə] US ['nɑ:-] noun uncountable
■when you feel as if you are going to vomit 恶心，呕吐感
• Signs of the illness include fever, nausea and vomiting. 这种病的症状包括发烧、恶心和呕吐。
n. [临床] 恶心，晕船；极端的憎恶
 - queasiness, naupathia

Word: oligarchic
Front: oligarchic
[ˌɒlɪ'gɑ:kɪk] (33868/38108)
Back: adj. 寡头政治的，主张寡头政治的
分布：寡头政治的(60%)，主张寡头政治的(40%)

Word: outcrop
Front: outcrop
[ˈaʊtkrɒp] (19248/15569)
Back: n. 露出地面的岩层
时态：outcropped, outcropping, outcrops
分布：露出(75%)，出现(25%)
→out-,向外，超过，crop,顶，头。用于指岩石露头的部分。
US [-krɑ:p/ (US also outcropping]'aʊt.krɑ:p.ɪŋ])
noun countable
■a large rock or group of rocks that sticks out of the ground 露出地面的岩石（或岩层）
n. [地质] 露头；露出地面的岩层
 - emergence, bryle
vi. 露出
 - show up

Word: otherworldly
Front: otherworldly
['ʌðə'wɜ:ldlɪ] (16551/-)
Back: adj. 非现实世界的，超世俗的，超自然的
分布：超俗的(50%)，超脱尘世的(50%)
超俗的(otherworld超世)[-ly 1.表形容词,通常加在名词后2.表副词,通常放在形容词后]
US [-ɚ'wɝ:ld-] adjective
■more closely connected to spiritual things than to the ordinary things of life 超凡脱俗的，超脱尘世的
• The children in the picture look delicate and otherworldly, as though they had never run or shouted. 照片上的孩子们看起来娇嫩纤弱、超凡脱俗，似乎从不乱跑乱叫。

Word: outspent

Word: overdrive
Front: overdrive
[ˈəʊvədraɪv] (18734/16615)
Back: vt. 驱使过度，虐待，超速传动
时态：overdrove, overdriven, overdriving, overdrives
分布：驱使过度(50%)，注意力高度集中(25%)，汽车超速档(25%)
US ['oʊ.vɚ-] noun uncountable
■a state of great activity, effort or hard work 超速运作；加倍努力；过度操劳
• The official propaganda machine went into overdrive when war broke out. 战争爆发后，官方的宣传机器开始加速运作。
• The cast were in overdrive, rehearsing for the first performance. 全体演员正为首演加倍努力排练。
vt. 驱使过度；虐待；工作过度
 - abuse, mistreat

Word: philae

Word: petit
Front: petit
['peti:] (-/21247)
Back: adj. 次要的，没价值的
分布：次要的(60%)，琐碎的(20%)，小的(20%)
adj. 细小的；次要的；没价值的
 - secondary, fine, supporting, minor, peripheral

Word: priestly
Front: priestly
[ˈpri:stli] (18263/22582)
Back: adj. 僧的，僧侣似的
分布：祭司的(50%)，僧侣的(30%)，教士的(20%)
adjective
■relating to or like a priest （像）神职人员的
adj. 祭司的；僧侣的；似教士的
 - monkish, sacerdotal

Word: panache
Front: panache
[pəˈnæʃ] (宝 21047/19127 -1)
Vocabulary: panache
(once / 20414 pages)
1n 2n
To have panache is to have a stylish flair. You might wear your giant polka-dotted scarf with great panache.
Panache comes from the Latin word pinnaculum, which means “small wing” or “tuft of feathers.” When you decorate yourself with a flourish, have an elegant appearance, or do something with style, you are said to have panache. You might wear your beret with new-found panache. Your aunt Milly may throw a party with unmatched panache. Or you brother's ability to turn a phrase may show an uncommon panache.
WORD FAMILY
panache: panaches
USAGE EXAMPLES
Still, Pantsulaia didn’t back down from the challenge, survived a little middle game pressure and finished things off with panache for the upset.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The Salk is entering its grande dame period with panache.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 22, 2016)
Each year Russia marks the V-Day celebrations with much panache.
BBC(Nov 18, 2016)
Back: n. 羽饰; 耍派头
分布：炫耀(51%)，羽饰(33%)，假威风(16%)
→来自中古法语pennache,羽毛，来自拉丁语pinnaculum,小翅膀，词源同pen.-culum,工具格后缀。引申词义炫耀，神气十足。
【记】pan作为词根是全部的意思，ache（n 疼痛），全部疼痛，是因为炫耀的太厉害，被人用鸡蛋和西红柿砍的。拼音：怕那车，害怕那辆车，是因为那是皇上的轿子－炫耀
【参】panacea（n 万能药）；pancreas（n 胰脏）；panoply（n 全套甲胄）
【反】humility（n 谦卑）；unremarkable behavior（谦逊的举止）『dullness（n 感觉或理解迟钝的）』
noun uncountable
■a stylish, original and very confident way of doing things that makes people admire you 潇洒，气派，神气十足
• The orchestra played with great panache. 管弦乐团的演奏气势磅礴。
• He dressed with panache. 他衣着十分潇洒。
n. 羽饰；灿烂；耍派头
 - effulgence, flashiness

Word: polemicist
Front: polemicist
[pəˈlemɪsɪst] (31941/41107)
Vocabulary: polemicist
(once / 66030 pages)
n
A polemicist is a person who attacks someone else with written or spoken words. A heated debate is the perfect venue for a polemicist.
If you're a polemicist, you have very strong opinions, and you're not afraid to state them — even if they hurt other people. A polemicist might publish a fiery online essay criticizing many of her high school classmates, for example. The word comes from polemic, "a strong verbal or written attack," which has a Greek root, polemikos, "warlike, belligerent, or stirring up hostility."
WORD FAMILY
polemicist: polemicists+/ polemic: polemical, polemically, polemicise, polemicize, polemics, polemise, polemize/polemicize: polemicized, polemicizes, polemicizing/polemics: polemicist, polemist/polemist: polemists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Alexander Dugin, the Russian political scientist and polemicist, may resemble Santa’s evil younger brother and talk like a villain from an Austin Powers movie.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
Or a defiant polemicist who placed black women’s emotional lives in the middle of the most radical LP of the year?
Los Angeles Times(Dec 16, 2016)
And a combative polemicist who says that all really she wants to do is start a conversation.
BBC(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 善辩论者
分布：善辩论者(100%)
→来自polemic,论辩，-ist,人。
n. 善辩论者；辩论家
 - debater

Word: photocopier
Front: photocopier
[ˈfəʊtəʊkɒpiə(r)] (29405/15046)
Back: n. 影印机，复印机
分布：复印机(100%)
US ['foʊ.tˌoʊˌkɑ:.pi.ɚ] noun countable
■a machine which makes copies of documents using a photographic process 影印机
n. 影印机；复印机
 - copier, manifdder

Word: rascal
Front: rascal
[ˈrɑ:skl] (六托 20319/24088)
Vocabulary: rascal
(once / 451 pages)
n
A rascal is a scoundrel or a trickster. If your new puppy cheerfully chews on your shoes and chases the cat, you might want to consider naming her Rascal.
Rascals are mischievous, but their intentions are to have fun, rather than to be cruel. An armed robber is not a rascal, but the class clown is a rascal. The word's origins had a more negative connotation, though: the fourteenth century rascaile meant "low class people," from the Old French rascaille, "rabble or mob."
WORD FAMILY
rascal: rascally, rascals
USAGE EXAMPLES
Over time, “rogue” morphed into a general label for a rascal or scoundrel, or someone who was endearingly mischievous.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 15, 2016)
How did a man described as a “half-insane rascal” and “pathetic dunderhead” rise to power in the land of Goethe and Beethoven?
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
About those international rascals: After his abbreviated round with the president, Dad recounted the day to my mother.
Golf Digest(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. 流氓; 无赖; （开玩笑说法）淘气的人（尤指小孩）; 恶作剧的人
adj. 无赖的，无耻的; 卑鄙的
分布：流氓(54%)，坏蛋(31%)，淘气鬼(15%)
→来自古法语 rascaille,暴徒，暴民，可能来自俗拉丁语 rasicare,刮，擦，词源同 rash,eraser.比 喻用法，刮下来的垃圾。后词义亲昵化。
US ['ræs.kəl] noun countable
■a person, especially a child or a man, who does things that you disapprove of, but who you still like 无赖，坏蛋，淘气鬼
• I caught those little/young rascals dressing up in my clothes. 这帮小坏蛋穿着我的衣服玩耍时被我抓了个正着。
• What's that old rascal been up to now? 那个淘气鬼现在又要搞甚么？
old use
■a dishonest person 恶棍；无赖
n. 流氓，无赖；淘气鬼，捣蛋鬼
 - cad, hoodlum
adj. 不诚实的；下贱的，卑鄙的
 - poor, mean, base, dirty, dishonest

Word: quench
Front: quench
[kwentʃ] (研六托雅宝 19110/19371)
Vocabulary: quench
(once / 805 pages)
v
Quench means to put out, put an end to, or satisfy. If you're stranded in the middle of the desert with nothing to drink, you're probably dreaming of a nice big glass of ice water to quench your thirst.
Quench originally meant “extinguish fires.” That meaning still works today, but we've expanded it to also apply to quenching the fiery thirst of a summer marathon runner or quenching the hot flames of passion. If you want to get deep about the word quench, consider what Voltaire said: “Superstition sets the whole world in flames; philosophy quenches them.”
WORD FAMILY
quench: quenched, quenches, quenching, quenchless, unquenchable+/quenching: quenchings/quenchless: quenchlessly/unquenchable: unquenchably
USAGE EXAMPLES
He added, “You’ve got to find something that sort of quenches that competitive thirst after you retire.”
New York Times(Nov 30, 2016)
“You’ve got to find something that quenches that competitive thirst,” he said.
Golf Digest(Nov 30, 2016)
Instead, the American soft-drink brand has adapted to the quirky ways this society quenches its thirst.
Seattle Times(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 解（渴）; 终止（某事物）; （用水）扑灭（火焰等）; 将（热物体）放入水中急速冷却
时态：quenched, quenching, quenches
分布：解渴(52%)，熄灭(32%)，结束(12%)，冷淬(4%)
→可能来自古英语cwincan,离开，扑灭，灭火。进一步词源不详。
v.熄灭,扑灭,压制,抑制,止渴Subsequently the eloquent man frequently asked the consequence of quenching in sequence.其后雄辩者频繁地询问顺序灭火的结果.
【记】读：困ch，既然困了就应该熄灭欲火，抑止欲望
verb transitive
■to satisfy your thirst by having a drink 解渴
• When it's hot, it's best to quench your thirst with water. 大热天里最好喝水解渴。
■literary
■to cause a fire to stop burning with water 扑灭，熄灭
• The flames were quenched by heavy rain. 大雨淋熄了熊熊的烈火。
■to satisfy a need or wish 满足
• Her thirst for knowledge will never be quenched. 她的求知欲是永无止境的。
vt. 熄灭， [机] 淬火；解渴；结束；冷浸
 - conclude, go out
vi. 熄灭；平息
 - die, cool, go out

Word: renunciation
Front: renunciation
[rɪˌnʌnsiˈeɪʃn] (托 20747/16133)
Vocabulary: renunciation
(once / 2143 pages)
n
If you reject something or disown it, you can call this renunciation. Sorry, your renunciation of your membership in the American Association of Retired People will not make you any younger.
Use the noun renunciation especially when you mean you have given up your religious or political beliefs or some cause you previously supported. When you drop a political party to become an independent, you mean it to be a renunciation of all the infighting, backstabbing, and finger pointing that have become "politics as usual."
WORD FAMILY
renunciation: renunciations, self-renunciation+/ renounce: renounced, renouncement, renounces, renouncing, renunciant, renunciation /renouncement: renouncements
USAGE EXAMPLES
And a sloppy renunciation of trade agreements would kill far more jobs than it would save, economists say.
Seattle Times(Nov 28, 2016)
It was a renunciation I’m not sure I would be capable of.
Time(Nov 14, 2016)
At the end of the episode, Morgan took her to a house where she planned to live a life of bitter renunciation on her own.
The Guardian(Oct 31, 2016)
Back: n. 声明放弃（权利等）; 宣布断绝关系; 克己
分布：放弃(84%)，自制(16%)
→来自 renounce,声明放弃，摒弃。引申词义克己，禁欲。
noun [S or U]
■the formal announcement that someone no longer owns, supports, believes in or has a connection with something 声明放弃；宣布放弃；弃绝
• the renunciation of violence 放弃使用暴力
n. [法] 放弃；脱离关系；拒绝承认；抛弃；弃权
 - quitting, rejection

Word: racer
Front: racer
[ˈreɪsə(r)] (9120/16796 -1)
Back: n. 专供比赛用的动物，比赛用的车辆; 比赛者; （美洲）黑蛇
分布：比赛者(44%)，黑蛇(35%)，比赛用汽车(21%)
US [-sɚ] noun countable
■a person or thing that races 赛跑者；参赛的人（动物、车、艇等）
■* a racing bike
n. 比赛者；比赛用的汽车
 - player

Word: receivable
Front: receivable
[rɪˈsi:vəbl] (25737/28296)
Back: adj. 可收到的; 可接收的; 可接受的; 可承认的
n. （常复数）应收账款
分布：应收的(75%)，可收到的(25%)
→来自 receive,接收，收到，-able,形容词后缀。此处形容词作名词，引申词义应收款项。
adj. [广播] [电视] 可接受的；可信的
 - acceptable, trusted, authentic
n. 应收帐款
 - outstanding account

Word: retainer
Front: retainer
[rɪˈteɪnə(r)] (宝 17162/14524 -1)
Vocabulary: retainer
(once / 1656 pages)
1n 2n
A retainer is something that holds something else in place. After your braces are removed, a retainer keeps your teeth from moving out of their new perfect position.
Professionals like lawyers or consultants are paid a retainer, which is a fee. The retainer ensures that they will be available to work for you when you need them. You will often pay an hourly rate on top of the retainer once the lawyer or consultant has worked enough hours for you to use up the retainer fee you paid.
WORD FAMILY
retainer: retainers+/ retain: retained, retainer, retaining, retains, retention, retentive / retention: retentions/ retentive: retentively, retentiveness, retentivity, unretentive
USAGE EXAMPLES
Those terms are typically negotiated at the time the retainer agreement is signed by the client-board.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 18, 2016)
But the lawyer asked for a $15,000 retainer, which pretty much ended the conversation.
Washington Post(Nov 25, 2016)
And smaller companies, with fewer resources, rarely have big advisers on retainer that can provide advice and preparation for activism defense.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 14, 2016)
Back: n. [机]承盘，挡板; 家臣，侍从; [牙科]牙架; 保持着
分布：仆人(44%)，定位器(31%)，保持者(25%)
→来自 retain,保留。引申词义保留金，订金。
【记】retain（v 保留），er：在身边保留的人－侍从
US [-nɚ] noun countable specialized
■an amount of money which you pay to someone so as to be sure that they can work for you when you need them to 聘用定金
■old use
■a servant who has usually been with the same family for a long time （服务多年的）仆人，佣人
• a faithful old retainer 忠实的老仆人
n. [机] 保持器；家臣；保持者；护圈；预付费用
 - maintainer, protective ring

Word: signally
Front: signally
['sɪɡnəlɪ] (-/33352)
Back: adv. 显著地，显眼地
分布：显著地(72%)，显眼地(28%)
['sɪg.nə.li] formal
adverb
■noticeably 显著地
• The council is signally failing to keep the streets clean. 市政会显然未能使街道保持清洁。
adv. 显著地；突出地；非凡地
 - remarkably, notably, prominently, strikingly

Word: saigon
Front: saigon
[saiˈɡɔn] (-/24859)
Back: n. 西贡（前南越首都）
分布：名词(100%)

Word: sioux
Front: sioux
[su:] (13460/40476)
Back: adj. 苏人的，苏语的
n. 苏族（印第安人的一族， 自称达科他Dakota族）
分布：苏语(100%)

Word: stylist
Front: stylist
[ˈstaɪlɪst] (11247/16877 -1)
Back: n. 发型师; 文体家; 造型设计师
分布：设计师(60%)，造型师(28%)，文体家(12%)
→style,风格，文体，文风，-ist,人。
noun countable
■a person whose job is to shape or design something 设计师；造型师
• the latest exciting new car designed by our team of stylists 我们设计团队所设计的令人为之一振的最新款轿车
• I've been going to the same (hair) stylist for years. 多年来我一直请同一个发型师设计发型。
■a writer who is very careful in the way they style their work 注重语言风格的作家；文体家
• She's no stylist, but she writes very exciting stories. 她并不特别注重行文风格，不过她的故事写得非常精彩。
n. 设计师；文体学家
 - designer

Word: swab
Front: swab
[swɒb] (17891/24580)
Back: n. （医用的）拭子，药签; （用拭子取下的）化验标准
vt. 用拭子拭抹或擦净（某物）; （用拖把、抹布等）擦洗（某物）
时态：swabbed, swabbing, swabs
分布：医用海绵(45%)，擦净(33%)，以棉花棒涂敷于(22%)
→缩写自 swabber,拖把，尤指清扫甲板的拖把，来自荷兰语 zwabber,来自 Proto-Germanic*swabb, 拖，可能来自拟声词，模仿拖地的声音。后用于指医用的拭子，药签，且成为主要词义。
US [swɑ:b] noun countable
■a small piece of soft material used for cleaning a cut or for taking a small amount of substance from a body, or the substance itself which can then be tested 拭子，棉花棒，消毒棉；用棉花棒取下的化验标本
• The nurse cleaned the cut on my leg with a swab. 护士用一根棉花棒清理我腿上的伤口。
• "I'm just going to take a swab of your ear," said the doctor. 医生说：“我要用棉花棒从你耳朵里取样检查。”
UK [swɒb] US [swɑ:b] verb transitive (-bb-)
WASH 洗
■to wash a surface, especially the open flat areas of a ship, with a wet cloth or mop （用湿布或拖把）清洗，擦洗（尤指船上的地板）
UK [swɒb] US [swɑ:b] verb transitive (-bb-)
MEDICINE 药
■to clean a cut or take a small amount of substance from a body using a small piece of soft material 拭子，棉花棒，消毒棉；用棉花棒取下的化验标本
n. 药签， [外科] 拭子；医用海绵，纱布；拖把，擦帚；无赖
 - cad, gauze
vt. 打扫，擦拭；涂抹（药）于
 - do out, scavenge

Word: slapdash
Front: slapdash
[ˈslæpdæʃ] (宝)
Vocabulary: slapdash
(once / 36821 pages)
adjadv
If you just slapped something together and then dashed when you were done, it was slapdash. The paint job was slapdash: it looked like they did it in an hour, without brushes.
The meaning of the word slapdash is clear from its two parts, slap and dash. If you make something in a slapdash way, you slap it together and then dash away — probably so no one would notice. If you want something to look great and last for a long time, then take your time and do it right. If you do it in a slapdash way, you may save time in the short run. But in the long run, you'll lose much more time redoing your shoddy work.
WORD FAMILY
slapdash
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some found his books and lectures slapdash; others disliked his social climbing and occasional rudeness.
New York Times(Nov 15, 2016)
The slapdash affair in a gymnasium at North Carolina State University was a happy occasion.
Washington Post(Nov 12, 2016)
Donald John Trump defied the skeptics who said he would never run, and the political veterans who scoffed at his slapdash campaign.
New York Times(Nov 09, 2016)
Back: adj. 草率的，粗心的，匆促的; 粗线条
分布：马虎的(50%)，草率的(34%)，仓促地(8%)，鲁莽地(8%)
→slap,拍，掴，dash,猛冲。引申比喻义仓促的，马虎的。
【记】slap拍打，dash冲撞－做事撞来撞去－草率的
informal disapproving
adjective
■done or made in a hurried and careless way 粗心的，草率的；仓促马虎的
• He gets his work done quickly, but he's very slapdash. 他能很快完成工作，但做得很马虎。
adj. 匆促的；草率的；粗心的，马虎的
 - brief, careless

Word: souter

Word: spotter
Front: spotter
[ˈspɒtə(r)] (20050/24252 -1)
Back: n. 观察机; 监靶员; 测位仪; 检路器
分布：监视人(33%)，检路器(27%)，观察员(22%)，弹着点观测员(18%)
→spot,认出，发现，-er,人。引申词义探子，星探。

Word: stepfather
Front: stepfather
[ˈstepfɑ:ðə(r)] (8985/12827 -1)
Back: n. 继父
分布：继父(100%)
继父[step-表示"后,继或前夫(妻)所生"]
US [-ðɚ] noun countable
■the man who is married to someone's mother but who is not their real father 继父
n. 继父
 - father-in-law

Word: stringer
Front: stringer
[ˈstrɪŋə(r)] (20216/25458 -1)
Back: n. [建]纵梁，楼梯基; 上弦工人，弦匠; 特约记者，特约通讯员; [铁路]纵向轨枕
分布：纵梁(50%)，特约记者(34%)，纵向加强肋(8%)，吊绳(8%)
→来自 string,弦，制弦，-er,人。俚语义特约记者可能是来自比喻义，将这种记者比作报社放 出的风筝。参照电影《夜行者》。

Word: talkie
Front: talkie
[ˈtɔ:ki] (28954/-)
Back: n. <口>有声电影
分布：〈非正式〉有声电影(100%)
US ['tɑ:-] old use
noun countable
■a cinema film with speech and sound made during the period when most films were silent 早期有声电影 Compare silent film
n. 有声电影
 - talking picture, phonofilm

Word: trivia
Front: trivia
[ˈtrɪviə] (宝 13495/19325 -1)
Vocabulary: trivia
(once / 584 pages)
n
Can you name the twenty-third vice-president? Do you know all the state birds? If so, you must be good at trivia: facts that are interesting but not necessarily important.
Everybody probably knows trivia about something they enjoy. Baseball fans can quote batting averages of their favorite players; movie nuts can tell you exactly what films their favorite actors appeared in and who they played. The game "Trivial Pursuit" is full of questions about facts like that. Why would anyone bother with trivia? Usually, because they love the topic, or maybe they need to know it for their job. One person's trivia is another person's important information.
WORD FAMILY
trivia: trivial +/ trivial: trivialest, trivialise, triviality, trivialize, trivially/trivialise: trivialised/triviality: trivialities/ trivialize: trivialized, trivializes, trivializing
USAGE EXAMPLES
She keeps humans abreast of weather, news, music, and trivia, and adjusts the settings of their smart houses.
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
Another bit of “Irene” trivia: The musical was the inaugural production in the Minskoff Theatre, now home to “The Lion King.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
A trivia buff, she successfully passed the online test for the show in early 2016, and was invited to an in-person audition.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 琐事，不足道的细枝末节; （中世纪大学的）三学科( trivium的名词复数); 薄物细故
分布：琐事(92%)，不重要的事情(8%)
→来自拉丁语 trivia,三岔路，复数格于 trivium,三岔路，来自 tri-, 三，via,路，词源同 way.引申 词义公共地，闲聊，后用于指琐事，小事。
plural noun
■details or information that are not important 琐事；细枝末节
• She has an encyclopedic knowledge of pop trivia. 她对流行音乐的细枝末节无所不知。
• I'm fascinated by the trivia of everyday life. 我对日常生活的点滴小事很感兴趣。
n. 琐事
 - minutia, bagatelle

Word: taser
Front: taser
['teɪzə(r)] None
Back: 电击枪（发射电脉冲，使人暂时不能动弹）
分布：泰瑟枪(78%)，高压眩晕枪(22%)
→缩写自 Tom Swift's electric rifle,科幻小说中的武器，原为大写，专有名词，后通俗化。Tom Swift 为 20 世纪早期美国科幻小说中的英雄人物。
US [-zɚ] trademark
noun countable
■a gun that fires small objects which give someone a small electric shock and make them unable to move for a short time 泰瑟枪（一种枪，其射出的小物体可使人受到少量电击，致其短时间内不能移动）

Word: tundra
Front: tundra
[ˈtʌndrə] (托宝 12490/17494)
Vocabulary: tundra
(once / 9220 pages)
n
The tundra is a vast treeless plain near the Arctic Circle where the subsoil is permanently frozen. Despite the stark cold, many animals thrive on the tundra, including insects, migrating birds, and foxes.
A tundra is a great description of any stark icy cold place — say, the walk to class on a college campus during February — but it is an actual geographic location, near the Arctic circle in North America, Russia, and Scandinavia. Smaller tundras can exist near the South Pole but it's often too cold there. The word comes from the Finnish tunturria which means "barren land." Santa's reindeer live on the tundra and go by the name of caribou in North America. Of course, none of them can fly.
WORD FAMILY
tundra: tundras
USAGE EXAMPLES
That’s the unfortunate fate suffered by Daughter’s sophomore effort, “Not To Disappear,” whose chilly songs sound as desolate as a frozen tundra.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
The last remaining large roadless areas are rainforests in the Amazon and Indonesia and the tundra and forests in the north of Russia and Canada.
The Guardian(Dec 15, 2016)
For instance, the melting of the Arctic tundra releases methane as the vegetation underneath is gradually and sometimes suddenly exposed.
The Guardian(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. （多数位于北极圈的）冻土带; 苔原; 冻原; 寒漠
分布：苔原(77%)，冻土地带(23%)
→来自俄罗斯语 tundra,来自北极某土著语言 tundar,沼泽平原。
noun uncountable
■(part of) the very large area of land in Northern Asia, North America and Northern Europe where, because it is cold, trees do not grow and ground below the surface is permanently frozen 冻原带，苔原带
• Reindeer roam the tundra in large herds. 大群大群的驯鹿在苔原上徜徉。
• Few plants grow in tundra regions. 苔原地区很少有植物生长。
n. [生态] 苔原； [地理] 冻原；冻土地带
 - cold desert, frozen ground

Word: unceremoniously
Front: unceremoniously
[ˌʌnˌserəˈməʊniəsli] (22440/20579)
Back: adv. 无礼地，粗鲁地，唐突地
分布：随便地(60%)，不庄重地(20%)，无礼貌地(20%)
adv. 随便地；唐突地
 - randomly, shortly, casually

Word: unprincipled
Front: unprincipled
[ʌnˈprɪnsəpld] (宝 28330/22471)
Vocabulary: unprincipled
(once / 3238 pages)
adj
An unprincipled person follows no moral code, has no integrity, and should not be trusted, like the guy who offers to help an old lady across the street but steals her purse instead.
No, unprincipled isn't a word we use to describe a school that's missing its principal — we're talking about the -ple word here. If you don't have principles, which is what unprincipled really means, then you don't have scruples or morals. You're likely to do just about anything bad, like break rules, take advantage of people, tell lots of lies, and extort people's lunch money.
WORD FAMILY
principled: unprincipled
USAGE EXAMPLES
In other words, perhaps the incoming president of the United States is a great big liar, a conscienceless opportunist and an unprincipled, amoral, convictionless fraud.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
The danger to the new country, Hamilton argued, wasn’t ideological disputes, but the possibility that an unprincipled man would exploit public passions.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
A kakistocracy is a government by the least qualified or most unprincipled citizens.
Salon(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: adj. 不道德的; 肆无忌惮的; 不诚实的; 无原则的
分布：无原则的(58%)，不道德的(33%)，放荡不羁的(9%)
adjective
■having or showing no moral rules or standards of good behaviour 不道德的；无原则的；无耻的
adj. 无原则的；不道德的，不正直的；不合人道的
 - wicked, immoral

Word: untoward
Front: untoward
[ˌʌntəˈwɔ:d] (宝 22533/18475)
Vocabulary: untoward
(once / 3306 pages)
adj
The adjective untoward describes something offensive or inappropriate, like the rumors of untoward behavior that can shatter a Hollywood icon's reputation.
Untoward also describes things that are not good for you, such as untoward advice from someone your parents always said was a bad influence. Think about what you do when you move toward something: you get closer to it. Suppose you're moving toward a goal. You are, as they say, "on the right path." But when you add the prefix un- you reverse that, and you're no longer on the path to that goal — you're untoward.
WORD FAMILY
untoward: untowardest, untowardly
USAGE EXAMPLES
She says a ramp and maintenance team inspected the aircraft but that nothing untoward was found.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
But would she ever allow such untoward physical contact?
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Trump and Farage are mainly discussing wind farms, and their untoward effects on golf courses.
New York Times(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 意外的; 不顺利的; 倔强的; 难对付的
分布：麻烦的(59%)，不利的(21%)，失控的(10%)，不适当的(10%)
不幸的;逆境的(un+toward顺利的→不顺的)[un-①表示"不,无,非,没有"②表示"打开,解开,弄出"]
【记】un不，toward（adj 有希望的；温顺的）－不幸运的
【反】favorable（adj 有利的）；favorable and anticipated（有利且在期望中的）；fortunate（adj 幸运的）；auspicious（adj 吉兆的）
US [-'tə.wɔ:rd] adjective
■unexpected and not convenient or unpleasant 意外的；事与愿违的
• Unless anything untoward happens we should arrive just before midday. 除非发生意外，否则我们应该是刚好在中午前到达。
adj. 不幸的；麻烦的；倔强的；困难的
 - difficult, evil, tight, hard, tough

Word: undeserved
Front: undeserved
[ˌʌndɪˈzɜ:vd] (托宝 24001/21848)
Back: adj. 不恰当的，不应得的
分布：不应得的(84%)，不恰当的(16%)

Word: unhinge
Front: unhinge
[ʌnˈhɪndʒ] (22388/32713)
Back: vt. （把门等）从铰链上取下; 使移走; 使分开; 使失常
时态：unhinged, unhinging, unhinges
分布：使发狂(50%)，使错乱(25%)，使动摇(25%)
→un-, 不，非，使相反，hinge, 铰链，门合页。即门合页松开的，引申词义精神错乱。
vt. 使分开；取下…的铰链；使发狂或错乱
 - separate, unsolder

Word: undignified
Front: undignified
[ʌnˈdɪgnɪfaɪd] (25735/19198)
Back: adj. 不庄严的，无尊严的，有损于尊严的
分布：不庄重的(45%)，不像样子的(33%)，无威严的(22%)
adj. 不庄重的；无威严的
 - immodest

Word: winnipeg
Front: winnipeg
['wɪnɪpeɡ] (-/29030)
Back: 温尼伯湖（加拿大中南部）
分布：温尼伯市(100%)

Word: voluminous
Front: voluminous
[vəˈlu:mɪnəs] (宝 15539/18538)
Vocabulary: voluminous
(once / 2115 pages)
1adj 2adj
Consider that volume is a measure of size. That will help you understand that voluminous refers to something very large in size or extent.
Suppose instead of calling a book a book, you called it a volume. Suddenly, it seems to be part of a much bigger thing. And what if it were only Volume I, with 23 more volumes to go? Even bigger, right? In fact, it's more than big; it’s voluminous. Voluminous describes very large things. The flouncy skirt of a wedding dress? Voluminous. Media coverage of some movie star's divorce? Also voluminous. The word voluminous describes something ample, extensive, and just plain huge.
WORD FAMILY
voluminous: voluminosity, voluminously, voluminousness+/ volume: volumes, voluminous
USAGE EXAMPLES
And the evidence on the benefit of vaccines is consistent and voluminous.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Light and shadow are deftly conveyed, as are the folds of voluminous costumes.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
But the parties start earlier, always involve day-drinking and are generally grander and definitely more voluminous than anything you’ve managed to accomplish the night before.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 大的; 多卷的; 著作多的; 宽松的
adv. 宽松地，容量大地，篇幅长地
n. 宽松，容量大，篇幅长
分布：大量的(46%)，大部头的(24%)，卷数多的(18%)，著书多的(12%)
多卷的,多产的(volum卷+inous多...的→多卷本的)[vol,volv,volt=roll,turn,表示"卷,转"]
【记】volum＝volume（n 容量；卷），inous多：多的
【反】scanty（adj 缺乏的）；scarce（adj 不足的）
[və'lu:.mɪ.nəs] formal
adjective
■A voluminous piece of clothing is large and consists of a lot of cloth （衣服）肥大的，宽松的
• Her voluminous silk dress billowed out behind her. 她穿的那条宽松的丝绸长裙在身后鼓起来了。
■A voluminous piece of writing is long and detailed （著作）长篇的，卷帙浩繁的
• Have you read McClelland's voluminous account of his life? 你读过麦克莱兰的长篇自传吗？
adj. 大量的；多卷的，长篇的；著书多的
 - massive, extensive, substantial, macro, much

Word: virtuoso
Front: virtuoso
[ˌvɜ:tʃuˈəʊsəʊ] (宝 16288/16068 -1)
Vocabulary: virtuoso
(once / 3403 pages)
nadj
A virtuoso is an incredibly talented musician. You can also be a virtuoso in non-musical fields.
A politician who helps pass a lot of bills might be called a legislative virtuoso. A baseball player who hits a lot of home runs is a slugging virtuoso. Usually, this word applies to music. It's very common for a talented pianist or guitarist to be called a virtuoso. Whatever your talent, it's a huge compliment to be called a virtuoso.
WORD FAMILY
virtuoso: virtuosi, virtuosos
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s been a long time since I’ve seen a group of virtuoso dancers look as natural, as human, as Abraham’s company.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Several pieces from his years as an organ virtuoso practice a kind of sonic terrorism.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
And how the Belgian responded, delivering a virtuoso second-half performance crowned by that superb pass that led to Sterling's winner.
BBC(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 艺术大师，演奏能手; 名家，艺术名家; 学者; 古董收藏家
adj. 艺术爱好者（或鉴赏家）的，行家里手的; 行家的
分布：演艺精湛的人(50%)，艺术能手(50%)
→来自virtuosity,高超技艺。
艺术名家,大师(virtue美德,技能+oso表示人→技能之人→大师)[vir=man,表示"男人"]
艺术大师(virtuous有美德的)[-o 1.表名词"人,物或状态"2.表名词,用于音乐术语]
【记】virtu＝virtue（n 美德；优点），oso：音乐师
【反】beginner（n 初学者）
US [ˌvɝ:.tʃu'oʊ.soʊ] noun countable (plural virtuosos or virtuosi)
■a person who is extremely skilled at something, especially at playing an instrument or performing （尤指演奏乐器或表演的）名家，能手
• Famous mainly for his wonderful voice, Cole was also a virtuoso on the piano. 除了以动人的嗓音闻名之外，科尔还是一位钢琴大师。
UK [ˌvɜ:.tju'əʊ.səʊ] US [ˌvɝ:.tʃu'oʊ.soʊ] adjective [before noun]
■extremely skilled 熟练的；精湛的
• The Times critic described her dancing as 'a virtuoso performance of quite dazzling accomplishment'. 《泰晤士报》的评论家称她的舞蹈“表演精湛，造诣非凡”。

Word: workaday
Front: workaday
[ˈwɜ:kədeɪ] (-/32818)
Back: adj. 普通的，平凡的，枯燥乏味的
分布：平凡的(40%)，工作日的(40%)，平常日子的(20%)
US ['wɝ:-] adjective [before noun]
■ordinary; not unusual 普通的；平淡的
• Compared to the extravagance and glamour of last winter's clothes , this season's collection look simple, almost workaday. 与去年冬季时装的奢华艳丽相比，本季的时装看上去简朴，甚至有些普通。
• an escape from the workaday world 从平淡乏味的生活中解脱出来
adj. 工作日的；日常的；普通的，平凡的
 - daily, ordinary, everyday, household, general

Word: windswept
Front: windswept
[ˈwɪndswept] (托 18045/18935)
Back: adj. 风刮的，被风吹扫的，暴露在风中的
分布：被风吹扫的(72%)，曝露在风中的(28%)
adjective
■(of places) open to and not protected from strong winds, or (of people) having hair that is untidy because it has been blown in different directions by the wind （地方）受强风侵袭的；（头发）被风吹乱的
• We drove down to the windswept Atlantic coast of Portugal. 我们驱车前往葡萄牙常受大风侵袭的大西洋海岸。
• windswept hair 被风吹乱的头发

Word: astrology
Front: astrology
[əˈstrɒlədʒi] (宝 21372/16235 -1)
Vocabulary: astrology
(once / 1301 pages)
n
If you don't leave your house without checking your horoscope, and you’re always asking people, “What’s your sign?” you’re likely a fan of astrology — the idea that the stars and planets and their movements influence human life.
Astrology comes from the Greek astron "star" and the suffix -ology "study of." The actual science of the celestial bodies is astronomy, which also includes the Greek word for "star" but with a suffix that means "arranging." Astrology has been around since ancient times, and while it requires some knowledge of astronomy, it’s about as scientific as fortune telling and palm reading.
WORD FAMILY
astrology: astrologer, astrological, astrologies, astrologist+/astrologer: astrologers/ astrological: astrologically/astrologist: astrologists
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the top panel of the piece, the artist’s astrology chart overlays an X-ray of his skeleton.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Jonathan Cainer - his astrology column appeared in the Daily Mail for 20 years.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Yet even for the West, the fount of astrology lies in the East.
Economist(Nov 10, 2016)
Back: n. 占星术; 占星学; 原始天文学
分布：占星术(68%)，占星学(32%)
【记】astro星，ology学科－占星学；参：astronomy（n 天文学）
US [-'strɑ:.lə-] noun uncountable
 ADVANCED
■the study of the movements and positions of the sun, moon, planets and stars, and the skill of describing the expected effect that some people believe these have on the character and behaviour of humans 占星术；占星学
n. [天] 占星术；占星学；星座
 - horoscope, constellation

Word: amerindian

Word: appellate
Front: appellate
[ə'pelɪt] (11714/17774)
Vocabulary: appellate
(once / 1219 pages)
adj
The adjective appellate is good for talking about the legal process for hearing appeals. An appellate court of law mainly deals with people attempting to reverse legal decisions.
After a defendant has been convicted of a crime, she has the opportunity to appeal that decision, or apply to have her case re-tried. The judge who would hear this new case is called an appellate judge, and the court in which the case would be heard is an appellate court. The word appellate is a legal way to say "relating to appeals," and its root is the Latin appellare, "to address, appeal to, or summon."
WORD FAMILY
appellate: appellately, appellation, appellative+/ appellation: appellations/appellative: appellatives
USAGE EXAMPLES
In May 2015, an appellate judge ruled in favor of the city and the developer.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
“The people in Michigan, they want jobs and paychecks,” said Schuette, a 63-year-old former congressman, state senator and appellate judge from Midland.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Some death penalty opponents hope that Mr. Roof’s defiance will prompt the appellate courts to adopt a more rigorous standard for capital defendants.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. （尤指法庭）上诉的，受理上诉的
分布：上诉的(50%)，受理上诉的(41%)，控诉的(9%)

Word: bam
Front: bam
[bæm] (-/40168)
Vocabulary: bam
(once / 161909 pages)
n
A bam is a loud, startling sound. You might say that your brother tends to shove the front door open with a bam that makes you jump.
While a bam is a noise like a "bang," you can also use the word as an exclamation or interjection, to emphasize how loud or shocking something is. You might say, for example, "I was pulling out of my driveway, and then, bam, the truck hit me!" The word's origin is imitative — in other words, it sounds like a hit or slam. The first recorded use of bam, in 1917, imitated the sound of a military shell exploding.
WORD FAMILY
bam: bams
USAGE EXAMPLES
And again, just as I felt myself melting from consciousness to unconsciousness, BAM!
Salon(Dec 17, 2016)
Beckman is president and CEO of BAM Brands, which according to its website owns tanning and age management businesses.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
One big key to the future is the platform, and Major League Baseball struck gold early with BAM Tech.
Washington Post(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. & v. 欺骗，哄骗，迷惑
分布：砰的一声(100%)
vt. 欺骗
 - sell, fox, kid, take in sb, give the shaft
vi. 欺骗
 - kid, pull a fast one, give the shaft, take in sb
n. 哄骗
 - bamboozlement, cozenage

Word: autograph
Front: autograph
[ˈɔ:təgrɑ:f] (8940/14988 -1)
Vocabulary: autograph
(once / 1612 pages)
nv
If you sign your name on something, you autograph it. You have to autograph a check before it can be cashed.
An autograph is a signature. Famous people are asked for their autographs all the time, but you might be surprised and flattered if a little girl asked for yours after you played Dorothy in your community theater production of "The Wizard of Oz." An original manuscript or musical composition written in the handwriting of the author or composer is also called an autograph. In 1938, the Museum of Modern Art displayed an autograph of Mark Twain's "Tom Sawyer."
WORD FAMILY
autograph: autographed, autographing, autographs
USAGE EXAMPLES
These days Miss Cartwright spends some of her time doing sci-fi autograph conventions, where she meets fans from around the world.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
David Telles of Franklin will steal so many bases during the baseball season that Maury Wills will stop by to get his autograph.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
But I’ve seen that where people get tats of someone’s autograph.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 亲笔签名; 亲笔稿; 手稿; 真迹石版复制品
vt. 在…上亲笔签名; 亲笔书写; 亲笔签字; 用石版术复制
adj. 亲笔的; 自署的
时态：autographed, autographing, autographs
分布：亲笔签名(80%)，亲笔签名于(12%)，亲笔书写(8%)
亲笔字(auto自己+graph→自己写的字→亲笔字)[graph,gram=write,表示"写,图"]
US ['ɑ:.tˌə.græf] noun countable
■a signature (= your name written by yourself) of a famous person （名人的）亲笔签名
• Did you get his autograph? 你得到他的亲笔签名吗？
UK ['ɔ:.tə.grɑ:f] US ['ɑ:.tˌə.græf] verb transitive
■to write your signature (= your name written by yourself) on something for someone else to keep 在…上亲笔签名
• I got her to autograph my T-shirt. 我请她在我的T恤上签名。
• She gave me an autographed photograph of herself. 她给我一张有她亲笔签名的相片。
n. 亲笔， [图情] 手稿； [法] 亲笔签名
 - scripture, manuscript

Word: brat
Front: brat
[bræt] (宝 13644/15848 -1)
Back: n. 小孩，尤指被宠坏的或举止粗鲁的小孩; 美国大兵
分布：顽童(60%)，乳臭未干的小孩(40%)
→词源不详。可能来自break, 破的。原指穿破衣服的乞丐的孩子，缺乏管教的。
【记】1）读：不爱他。顽童没人爱。2）读：捕rat（n 耗子），顽童喜欢捕老鼠。
[bræt] informal disapproving
noun countable
■a child, especially one who behaves badly 小孩；（尤指）顽童，淘气鬼
• She's behaving like a UK spoilt / US spoiled brat. 她像是被宠坏了的孩子。
n. 乳臭未干的小孩；顽童
 - monkey, urchin

Word: bombast
Front: bombast
[ˈbɒmbæst] (宝 29525/38189)
Vocabulary: bombast
(once / 4229 pages)
n
Bombast is a noun meaning pretentious or boastful talk. If your football coach is known for his bombast, he probably gives a pompous speech before each game about the greatness of the team and, of course, his coaching.
Originally, bombast was cotton padding used to stuff or pad things like seat cushions. The meaning was extended to include padded and overstuffed speaking or writing, especially speech that's pretentious and showy. Other words with bombast at their roots include the adjective bombastic and the adverb bombastically. For all your coach's bluster and bombast, he's a pretty nice guy — too bad his overblown rhetoric turns people off before they get to know him.
WORD FAMILY
bombast: bombastic, bombasts+/ bombastic: bombastically
USAGE EXAMPLES
While Season 19 explored the forces that enabled Trump’s bombast and bigotry to resonate, Season 20 explored why these forces resonated.
Salon(Dec 11, 2016)
He speaks softly, even shyly, a contrast with many of his signature roles and certainly the bombast of Jackie Burke.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 02, 2016)
Rather than being put off by the Babe’s bombast and physical gifts like many other competitors, Bell was drawn to the kind, softer person within.
Golf Digest(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: n. 浮夸的言语，大话; 棉松软织物
分布：高调(72%)，浮夸的言语(28%)
→来自拉丁词bombyx, 丝，丝棉。吹嘘义可能来自bomb。
吹牛的话(像棉花一样膨胀)[bombast=cotton(棉花)]
【记】bomb（n 炸弹）－说话象炸弹－夸大之辞
【反】down-to-earth language（实事求是的话）；understate（v 打着折扣说；保守地说）
US ['bɑ:m-] noun uncountable
■language that is intentionally difficult, usually to make something sound more important than it is 浮夸的言语；大话，空话
adj. 夸大的
 - tall, exaggeratory

Word: beth
Front: beth
[beiθ,beθ] (-/8332)
Back: n. 希伯来语的第二个字母
分布：希伯来语的第二个字母(100%)

Word: benni

Word: battleship
Front: battleship
[ˈbætlʃɪp] (13304/19077 -1)
Vocabulary: battleship
(once / 1749 pages)
n
A battleship is a very large, seagoing military vessel. A battleship is prepared for war, being protected by heavy armor and equipped with guns.
Today's modern military doesn't often use battleships — you're more likely to find a battleship in a harbor being explored by tourists. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, battleships were the most modern, powerful kind of boat on the water, and they were used during both World Wars by various countries' navies. The game Battleship, which shares a name with these warships, has been around in one form or another since the 1930s.
WORD FAMILY
battleship: battleships
USAGE EXAMPLES
Later they moved on to Battleship and Monopoly.
New York Times(Jan 12, 2012)
It was Cale’s job to pull bodies from the burning battleship.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Arizona, the American battleship on which the worst losses occurred.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 战舰
分布：战舰(100%)
US ['bætˌ-] noun countable
■a very large military ship with big guns 战舰

Word: bailiff
Front: bailiff
[ˈbeɪlɪf] (19850/12294 -1)
Vocabulary: bailiff
(once / 1317 pages)
n
A bailiff is an officer of the court. A bailiff has duties such as making arrests and maintaining order in court.
This legal officer has a different job depending on the country: in the US, a bailiff is a kind of court usher and security guard. In the UK, bailiffs carry out writs and execute repossession orders. In all cases, the bailiff serves a higher authority: the court. This may be because the word was first used for officers of the king, including sheriffs and mayors. As democratic authorities replaced monarchies, the concept of the bailiff evolved.
WORD FAMILY
bailiff: bailiffs, bailiffship
USAGE EXAMPLES
Oliver said three court bailiffs struggled with Victoria Isaac to restrain her.
Washington Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Without a chance to hug his mother, Roland found himself in handcuffs as bailiffs led him away from court.
Washington Times(Dec 03, 2016)
The gold was seized by a bailiff on behalf of the miners at the main airport in the capital on 7 October.
BBC(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 法警; 执行官; 低级地区行政官
分布：法庭监守(44%)，地主的管家(28%)，执行的副手(28%)
→来自拉丁词bajulus, 持有者，责任者，古义指城堡的管家，词源同bail.
noun countable
BRITISH OFFICIAL 英国官员
■(in Britain) an official who takes away someone's possessions when they owe money （英国查封财产的）查封官，执行官
• They didn't pay their rent, so the landlord called/sent in the bailiffs. 他们欠着房租没付，所以房东叫来了执行官。
['beɪ.lɪf] noun countable
US OFFICIAL 美国官员
■(in the US) an official who is responsible for prisoners who are appearing in court （美国）法警，庭吏
['beɪ.lɪf] noun countable
LAND 土地
■(in Britain) a person whose job is to take care of someone else's land or property （英国）庄园管家
n. [法] 法警；执行官；区镇的地方长官
 - judicial policeman, bumbailiff

Word: cablevision

Word: bushel
Front: bushel
[ˈbʊʃl] (六 14359/23679 -1)
Back: n. 蒲式耳（在美国相当于2150。42立方英寸，或35。42升）; 大量，许多; 一蒲式耳重量的容器
vt. & vi. 修补或翻新（衣服）
时态：bushelled, bushelling, bushels
分布：大量(100%)
→词源同box, 箱子，一箱子的容量。
noun countable
■a unit of measurement equal to approximately 36.4 litres in Britain or 35.2 litres in the US 蒲式耳（一个单位的蒲式耳在英国约等于36.4升，在美国约为35.2升）
• a bushel of wheat 一单位蒲式耳的小麦
vt. 修整（衣服等）
 - trim up, give shape to

Word: burr
Front: burr
[bɜ:(r)] (19813/21302)
Back: n. 带刺的种子; 磨石; 呼呼声; 讲话时的r音
vi. 发出嗡嗡声，粗声粗气地说话; 发颤动小舌（或舌尖）的r音
vt. 以粗喉音发出; 从…除去芒刺; 在…上形成毛边
分布：毛边(26%)，粗喉音(20%)，芒刺(16%)，形成毛边(13%)，去除毛边(13%)，粗喉音说(6%)，=bur.(6%)
→带浓重r音，拟声词。
US [bɝ:] noun
SOUND 声音
countable usually singular
■a way of speaking English in which the 'r' sound is longer and more noticeable than usual （讲英语）带有浓重r音的口音
• He spoke in a soft West Country burr. 他说话软软的，口音里带有西部地区浓重的卷舌音。
UK [bɜ:r] US [bɝ:] noun
SEED 种子
countable (also bur)
■a very small round seed container that sticks to clothes and to animals' fur because it is covered in little hooks 带芒刺的种子壳
n. 粗喉音，呼呼声
 - whirr

Word: camper
Front: camper
[ˈkæmpə(r)] (9182/23424 -1)
Back: n. 露营者，野营者; （装有露营设备的）露营车; 房车
分布：野营者(100%)
US [-pɚ] noun countable
■a person who stays in a tent or in a holiday camp on holiday 露营者，野营者；渡假营营员
(UK also camper van) * a motorhome
(also trailer) US for * caravan (VEHICLE)

Word: cobra
Front: cobra
[ˈkəʊbrə] (17300/12927)
Back: n. 眼镜蛇
分布：眼镜蛇(100%)
→来自拉丁词colubra, 蛇。
US ['koʊ-] noun countable
■a poisonous snake from Africa or southern Asia which makes itself look bigger and more threatening by spreading the skin at the back of its head 眼镜蛇
n. [脊椎] 眼镜蛇；（澳）头颅
 - Naja, elapid

Word: chatty
Front: chatty
[ˈtʃæti] (21133/23582)
Back: adj. 爱闲聊的; 爱说话的; （文章风格）聊天式的; 闲谈式的
级别：chattier, chattiest
分布：非正式的(67%)，爱闲聊的(33%)
US ['tʃætˌ-] informal
adjective
■liking to talk a lot in a friendly, informal way 爱闲聊的；健谈的
■If a piece of writing is chatty, it is informal （文章）很随意的，闲聊式的
• a chatty letter/style 聊天式的书信／随意的风格
adj. 饶舌的；爱讲闲话的；非正式的
 - informal, casual

Word: coney
Front: coney
['kəʊnɪ] (-/27855)
Back: n. 兔子，兔毛皮
分布：兔子(54%)，兔毛皮(46%)
US ['koʊ-] noun countable or uncountable another spelling of
■ cony cony 的另一种拼法
n. 兔毛皮；兔子
 - rabbit, cony

Word: chevy
Front: chevy
['tʃevɪ] (-/48980)
Back: v. 追逐
时态：chevied, chevying, chevies
分布：追赶(30%)，打猎时的叫喊(28%)，追(14%)，追逐(14%)，狩猎(14%)
vt. 追逐；使烦恼
 - trouble, chase after
n. 追赶；打猎时的叫喊
 - pursuit, coursing
vi. 追逐；烦恼
 - trouble, worry

Word: comma
Front: comma
[ˈkɒmə] (高宝 18884/10368)
Vocabulary: comma
(once / 2772 pages)
1n 2n
A comma is a punctuation mark that indicates a pause in a sentence or separates items in a list. A comma is also used before the words "and" or "but" to join two independent clauses.
Commas come in handy when you're writing a grocery list: "Buy candy, chocolate milk, Pop Tarts, and gum." You can also use a comma to set off an adverb at the beginning of a sentence: "Therefore, I refuse to ride the roller coaster." The word comma has been around since the 1500s, and in Latin in means "short phrase," from the Greek komma, "clause in a sentence," or literally, "piece which is cut off."
WORD FAMILY
comma: commas
USAGE EXAMPLES
After lunch it was time for a nap, and the otters tucked close in a row, like a string of commas.
Seattle Times(Dec 16, 2016)
In Comma’s case, the strategy was an end run around the rulemakers.
Washington Post(Nov 30, 2016)
“They would be poured over, comma by comma,” Palmieri said.
Time(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 逗号
分布：逗号(95%)，停顿(3%)，间歇(1%)，银纹多角蛱蝶(1%)
→来自kop，砍，劈，进一步来自*skep, 砍，劈，词源同ship, shape. 原指劈开的一个分枝。
【记】com＝come来，ma妈：妈妈来了！别玩了，停顿一下！－逗号
US ['kɑ:.mə] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■the (,) punctuation mark that is used in writing to separate parts of a sentence showing a slight pause, or to separate the single things in a list 逗号（，）
n. [语] 逗号；停顿
 - standstill, paralysis

Word: chronology
Front: chronology
[krəˈnɒlədʒi] (托 12696/12865)
Vocabulary: chronology
(once / 1370 pages)
n
A chronology is like a timeline: it tells what happened when. A chronology of your day would begin when you wake up and end when you go to sleep. Hopefully, something interesting happened in between.
Khronos is the Greek word for "time" and that's where chronology comes from. If a movie has a lot of flashbacks or doesn't tell a story straight through from beginning to end, you might have to give it some thought in order to put together a chronology of events. If you are a detective, a correct chronology could be important to solving your case.
WORD FAMILY
chronology: chronological, chronologies, chronologise, chronologize+/ chronological: chronologically/chronologize: chronologizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
“There is a chronology to public memory,” said Carol Gluck, a professor of history at the Weatherhead East Asian Institute at Columbia University.
New York Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Work history: From the employer’s perspective, the reverse chronology — starting with your most recent job and working backward — is still the best format.
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
Alameddine forgoes the use of chronology and plotting in favor of constructing a character study of a brilliant but tormented soul.
Seattle Times(Dec 03, 2016)
Back: n. 年代学; 年表，（按时间排列的）大事记
分布：年表(62%)，年代学(34%)，按年代次序的排列(4%)
→chrono, 时间。-logy, 学科，知识。
年代学;年表[chron=time,表示"时间"]
年代学,年表(chrono时间+log+y)[log=science,表示"科学,学科"]
US [-'nɑ:.lə-] noun countable or uncountable
■the order in which a series of events happened, or a list or explanation of these events in the order in which they happened 按事件发生的年代排列的顺序；（大事）年表
• I'm not sure of the chronology of events. 我对事件发生的时间顺序不是很有把握。
n. [图情] 年表；年代学
 - Fasti

Word: collectivist
Front: collectivist
[kə'lektɪvɪst] (23506/25484)
Back: n. 集体主义者
分布：集体主义者(54%)，集体主义的(46%)

Word: consequential
Front: consequential
[ˌkɒnsɪˈkwenʃl] (宝 19493/15298)
Vocabulary: consequential
(once / 2525 pages)
adj
Things that are consequential are important — extremely important. Electing a new president and having a baby are consequential. Killing a fly? Not so much.
It might help you remember the meaning of consequential to think of consequences — the results of something. Consequential events have consequences, because they are hugely important events. A little bit of rain isn't consequential, but a hurricane is very consequential. Slipping on the sidewalk is not usually consequential, but if you slip and end up in the hospital, that is definitely consequential. It's occasionally hard to tell whether something is consequential, at least until some time has passed.
WORD FAMILY
consequential: consequentially, inconsequential +/ consequence: consequences, consequential / consequent: consequence, consequenter, consequently, inconsequent/ consequently: consequentlys/inconsequence: inconsequences/inconsequent: inconsequence, inconsequently/ inconsequential: inconsequentially
USAGE EXAMPLES
Perhaps the most consequential battles will be outside national electoral contests and within the movement itself.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
They suspect that Trump, despite his self-evident indiscipline, may prove to be a popular and consequential President, defying his critics—many of them conservative.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Some of the new energy efficiency standards, or regulations, are pretty consequential, DeLaski says.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 作为结果的，间接的; 重要的
分布：重要的(55%)，间接的(21%)，随之发生的(18%)，自高自大的(6%)
→来自consequence, 结果。
产生后果的(con共同+sequ跟随+ent+ial)[-ial表形容词"有…的"]
【反】nugatory（adj 无价值的；无效的）
adj. 间接的；结果的；重要的；随之发生的；自傲的
 - crucial, important, indirect, circular, material

Word: contentment
Front: contentment
[kənˈtentmənt] (15116/12119)
Vocabulary: contentment
(once / 1217 pages)
n
Contentment is the state of being happy and satisfied. On Thanksgiving when you think about all you are grateful for, hopefully you feel a sense of contentment. If not, have another piece of pie and then you’ll feel contentment.
Contentment isn’t an excited kind of happy, it’s more like a peaceful ease of mind. It’s being satisfied with what you have, whatever that is. You might feel a sense of contentment knowing you have a cup of hot chocolate and a good movie to look forward to tonight. Or you might experience contentment thinking about the vast estate you just purchased in the Hamptons. Whatever is going on in your life, you’re pleased about it.
WORD FAMILY
contentment: contentments+/ content: contented, contenting, contentingly, contently, contentment, contents, discontent / contented: contentedest, contentedly, contentedness/ discontent: discontented, discontenting, discontently, discontentment, discontents/discontented: discontentedly, discontentedness/discontentment: discontentments
USAGE EXAMPLES
With a permanent smile fixed on her face, she runs to the altar and settles into a life of suburban contentment.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
West with space to spare, but they seemed to be miles from contentment in their last game.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Lack of contentment and statements of renewed ambition are standard tropes of almost every post-championship celebration, of course.
Seattle Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 满足，满意，知足，心满意足
分布：满足(99%)，使人满足的事(1%)
→来自content, 满意。
【反】restiveness（n 不安，难以驾御）
N-UNCOUNT
满意;满足
Contentment is a feeling of quiet happiness and satisfaction.
例：I cannot describe the feeling of contentment that was with me at that time.我无法描述当时我满足的感觉。
n. 满足；满意
 - satisfaction, fill

Word: creditable
Front: creditable
[ˈkredɪtəbl] (30817/18550 -1)
Back: adj. 值得称赞的，带来荣誉的; 声誉好的; 可信任的
分布：可信的(74%)，可称誉的(26%)
可以信任的(credit相信+able能...的)[creed,cred=believe,trust,表示"相信,信任"]
【记】credit（n 信任），able能－值得信任的
US [-tˌə-] adjective
■deserving of praise, trust or respect 值得称赞的；可信的；可敬的
• Our team came in a creditable third in the competition. 我们球队在比赛中得了第三名，很不错。
• The other, less creditable, reason for their decision was personal gain. 他们作出这一决定的另一原因是个人得益，当然这点不太值得称道。
adj. 可信的；声誉好的；值得称赞的
 - trusted, authentic

Word: coolant
Front: coolant
[ˈku:lənt] (21189/28386)
Back: n. 冷冻剂，冷却液，散热剂
分布：冷冻剂(100%)
→来自cool, 冷的。
['ku:.lənt] specialized
noun countable or uncountable
■(a) specially prepared liquid which is used to stop a machine from getting too hot while it is operating 冷却剂
n. [制冷] 冷却剂
 - cooling agent, freezing mixture

Word: coronary
Front: coronary
[ˈkɒrənri] (10198/9179 -1)
Vocabulary: coronary
(once / 7355 pages)
adjn
In medical terminology, coronary refers to the protective ring of blood vessels surrounding the heart and supplying it with oxygen and other nutrients.
Coronary is generally used as a short term for coronary thrombosis, in other words a heart attack. Thrombosis is the act of those vessels clogging up. So cut back on the French fries and hit that exercise bike. The term coronary comes from the Latin word corona for crown, meaning king. In medieval times it was the duty of the curuner to protect the local interests of the crown, and so the term coronary was later developed by doctors to describe the way the blood vessels around the heart protected it.
WORD FAMILY
coronary: coronaries+/corona: coronae, coronary, coronas
USAGE EXAMPLES
They also suffer higher mortality rates and increased risk of depression, cognitive decline and illnesses like coronary artery disease.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
For the last decade, we’ve been able to identify specific genes that are linked to coronary artery disease.
New York Times(Dec 12, 2016)
He developed coronary artery disease, diabetes, breathing disorders and other health problems, court records show.
New York Times(Oct 08, 2016)
Back: adj. 冠的，花冠的，冠状的; 冠状动脉或静脉的
n. 冠状动脉; （病理学）冠状动脉血栓形成
分布：冠状动脉或静脉的(100%)
→词源同corolla, 花冠。解剖学术语，因心脏上面的血管形似花冠而得名。
US ['kɔ:r.ə.ner-] noun countable (specialized coronary thrombosis)
■an extremely dangerous medical condition in which the flow of blood to the heart is blocked by a blood clot (= a mass of blood) 冠状动脉血栓形成
• He's in hospital after having a coronary last week. 上星期他因冠状动脉血栓住进了医院。
UK ['kɒr.ən.ər.i] US ['kɔ:r.ə.ner-] adjective specialized
■relating to the arteries (= thick tubes) that supply blood to the muscles of the heart 动脉的，冠状动脉的
• Regular exercise reduces the risk of coronary heart disease. 经常锻炼身体能减少患冠心病的危险。
adj. 冠的；冠状的；花冠的
 - cristated

Word: deferral
Front: deferral
[dɪ'fɜ:rəl] (25928/36704)
Back: n. 延期，缓役
分布：延期(81%)，迟延(19%)
n. 延期；迟延；缓役
 - delay, raincheck

Word: deathbed
Front: deathbed
[ˈdeθbed] (17480/21450)
Back: n. 临死所卧的床，临终之时
分布：临终之时(57%)，临死所卧之床(43%)
['deθ.bed] old use
noun countable usually singular
■the bed that someone dies in or is dying in （临终）病榻
• She spoke to her family from her deathbed. 临终前她和家人说了话。
['deθ.bed] old use
noun countable usually singular
be on your deathbed
■to be dying 生命垂危

Word: defenestration
Vocabulary: defenestration
(once / 268621 pages)
n
Defenestration is a word for the act of throwing something or someone out of a window. Yes, there's actually a word for that.
Fenestra is the Latin word for window. So that's how we came up with defenestration, the frighteningly specific word for throwing someone out a window. Perhaps you've heard of the famous Defenestration of Prague, which helped launch the 30 Years' War? If not, don't worry. This isn't word you'll need to use very often, unless there are a lot of people and things being tossed out of the windows in your life.
WORD FAMILY
defenestration: defenestrations+/ defenestrate: defenestrated, defenestrates, defenestration
USAGE EXAMPLES
The catalyst for the defenestration was the lack of performance at some of the group’s big companies.
Economist(Oct 26, 2016)
Experienced for the first time, this covert cosseting feels slightly melancholy, like an episode of Cold War fiction involving futile charades and a likely defenestration.
The New Yorker(Sep 05, 2016)
The generals have not banished the dissatisfaction caused by the instability and low growth that followed Mr Thaksin’s defenestration.
Economist(Jul 21, 2016)

Word: crested
Front: crested
[ˈkrestɪd] (30848/24774)
Back: adj. 有顶饰的，有纹章的，有冠毛的
v. 到达山顶（或浪峰）( crest的过去式和过去分词 ); 到达洪峰，达到顶点
分布：有饰章的(40%)，有羽冠的(30%)，有顶饰的(30%)
adjective
TOP 顶部
■A crested bird has a growth of feathers on its head （鸟）有羽冠的
• a crested grebe 有羽冠的
['kres.tɪd] adjective
PICTURE 图案
■Crested paper has a crest (= picture) at the top 印有饰章的
• crested writing paper 印有饰章的信笺

Word: criminally
Front: criminally
[ˈkrɪmɪnəli] (17141/21451)
Back: adv. 刑法上，犯了罪地
分布：刑法上(60%)，犯了罪地(40%)
N-COUNT
罪犯
A criminal is a person who regularly commits crimes.
例：A group of gunmen attacked a prison and set free nine criminals in Moroto.一伙持枪歹徒袭击了莫罗托的一所监狱，放走了9名罪犯。
ADJ
犯罪的;犯法的
Criminal means connected with crime.
例：Her husband faces various criminal charges...她丈夫面临多项犯罪指控。
例：At 17, he had a criminal record for petty theft...他17岁就有了小偷小摸的犯罪前科。
ADJ
罪过的;严重错误的
If you describe an action as criminal, you think it is very wrong or a serious mistake.
例：He said a full-scale dispute involving strikes would be criminal.他说如果出现罢工等大规模纠纷那将是极不应该的。
adv. 刑法上；犯了罪地，有罪地
 - sinfully, guiltily

Word: depravity
Front: depravity
[dɪˈprævəti] (宝 21090/21661)
Vocabulary: depravity
(once / 2326 pages)
n
Depravity goes beyond mere bad behavior — it is a total lack of morals, values, and even regard for other living things, like the depravity of a serial killer.
You can see the verb deprave in depravity. To deprave is to make something bad, often to the point of moral corruption, like the parental fear that a bad influence will deprave their good kids. So, depravity is behavior that is morally corrupt or otherwise deemed wicked. Don't confuse depravity with deprivation, meaning "being denied something that is necessary."
WORD FAMILY
depravity: depravities+/depravation: depravations/ deprave: depravation, depraved, depraves, depraving, depravity / depraved: depravedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
If you are a Christian network, why wouldn’t you speak to the depravity of what’s happening in the world?
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
“We only call on good deeds and prohibit depravity,” he said.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 25, 2016)
Virginia was the birthplace of Thomas Jefferson, who called slavery a “moral and political depravity” but owned slaves all the same.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 堕落; 腐败; 恶行; 堕落腐化的行为
分布：堕落(59%)，邪恶(25%)，腐败(13%)，堕落的行为(3%)
【记】de下，prav坏－向下变坏－堕落；depravity是人性被deprive剥夺的结果
【参】depraved[SAT]（adj 堕落的；邪恶的）；deprivation（n 剥夺）
US [-tˌi] noun uncountable
■the state of being morally bad 道德败坏，堕落
n. 堕落；邪恶
 - corruption, degradation, evil, deterioration

Word: disabuse
Front: disabuse
[ˌdɪsəˈbju:z] (宝 28116/33760)
Vocabulary: disabuse
(once / 10658 pages)
v
Disabuse means to free someone of a belief that is not true. Many teachers of health find that when they teach, they spend as much energy disabusing kids of false beliefs as they do giving them the facts.
Disabuse is often connected to the word notion or idea. In singing lessons, you must disabuse young singers of the idea that they can sing better by singing louder. In the first year of college, many people are disabused of the idea that the way they are is "normal," by meeting so many people who represent other ways to be.
WORD FAMILY
disabuse: disabused, disabuses, disabusing+/ abuse: abused, abuser, abuses, abusing, abusive, disabuse, self-abuse/abused: abusedly, unabused/abuser: abusers/ abusive: abusively, abusiver
USAGE EXAMPLES
If he thought the PRI’s old method of central command would work in a more sophisticated country, he has been disabused.
Economist(Nov 24, 2016)
He considered flying another five missions to reach 50, but his commanding officer disabused him of that notion.
Washington Times(Nov 20, 2016)
If the latter hoped the abuse scandal might finally shatter the moral authority of the former, they have now been disabused.
Economist(Nov 17, 2016)
Back: vt. 去除…的错误想法; 使醒悟
时态：disabused, disabusing, disabuses
分布：使省悟(75%)，去除…的错误想法(25%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。abuse, 错误的使用，滥用。引申义醒悟。
纠正…错误(dis去掉+abuse滥用→去掉滥用→纠正错误)[us,ut=use,表示"用"]
【记】dis不，abuse（v 滥用）－使不滥用－纠正
【反】hoodwink（v 欺骗）；lead into error（使错）；mislead（vt 误导）
[ˌdɪs.ə'bju:z] formal
verb transitive
■to cause someone no longer to have a wrong idea 使改变想法；使消除误解
• He thought that all women liked children, but she soon disabused him of that (idea/notion). 他以为女人都喜欢孩子，但她很快就让他改变了这种看法。
vt. 使省悟；解迷惑；释疑；矫正
 - cure of, castigate

Word: dreadfully
Front: dreadfully
[ˈdredfəli] (托 24065/15546)
Back: adv. 可怕地; 恐怖地; 害怕地; <口>极其
分布：非常(38%)，可怕地(37%)，糟透地(25%)
adverb
BADLY 糟糕地
■extremely badly 非常糟糕
• She behaved dreadfully. 她的行为非常恶劣。
['dred.fəl.i] adverb
VERY 非常 mainly UK extremely 非常，极端地
• He was dreadfully upset. 他非常苦恼。
• I'm dreadfully sorry - I really am. 我非常抱歉——真的非常抱歉。
adv. 可怕地；极其
 - extremely, most, rare

Word: disarming
Front: disarming
[dɪsˈɑ:mɪŋ] (26084/32751)
Vocabulary: disarming
(once / 5080 pages)
nadj
When something's disarming, it calms hostility. A disarming smile from you can transform what could have been a tense conversation with an angry neighbor.
When you disarm a security system, it won't go off — everything is okay. The same thing happens when you act in a disarming way. A disarming gesture can make people feel less on their guard, like a famous actor whose disarming gesture shows he doesn't take himself so seriously after all. Disarming can also refer to the act of reducing military arms, or weapons.
WORD FAMILY
disarming: disarmingly, disarmings+/ arm: armament, armed, armful, arming, armless, armlet, armlike, armor, arms, disarm, forearm, overarm, re-arm, rearm, unarm, underarm/ armament: armaments/ armful: armfuls/arming: armings/armlet: armlets/ armor: armored, armorer, armoring, armors/armored: unarmored/armorer: armorers/ disarm: disarmament, disarmed, disarmer, disarming, disarms/disarmament: disarmaments/disarmer: disarmers/forearm: forearmed, forearming, forearms/rearm: rearmament, rearmed, rearming, rearms/rearmament: rearmaments/unarm: unarmed, unarming, unarms/underarm: underarms
USAGE EXAMPLES
His sense of humor is disarming, as he pivots from comical to solemn in a split-second.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
A bluesy album full of shadows and disarming horns, as well as lyrics that veer into progressive journalism.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Weaver is so disarmingly sane, it is hard to imagine where her actor’s insecurity lies.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: adj. 消除敌意的，使人消气的
v. 裁军( disarm的现在分词 ); 使息怒
分布：消除敌意的(56%)，解除疑虑的(22%)，动词disarm的现在分词形式.(22%)
→来自disarm, 解除武装。引申义消气。

Word: dissemination
Front: dissemination
[dɪˌsemɪ'neɪʃn] (13011/12237)
Vocabulary: dissemination
(once / 7108 pages)
n
Dissemination is the scattering of information. If you've done something really embarrassing and don't want the whole school to know, let's hope no one who saw you is an expert in the rapid dissemination of humiliating facts.
Dissemination builds on the word, seminate, meaning "to plan seeds." When you add the prefix dis-, you add the idea of separation, so to disseminate means to spread seeds widely. These could be literal seeds, like the dissemination of Oak genes by the scattering of acorns, or metaphorical seeds of ideas, like the dissemination of radical ideas through blogs, zines, and list-servs.
WORD FAMILY
dissemination: disseminations+/ disseminate: disseminated, disseminates, disseminating, dissemination, disseminative, disseminator/disseminator: disseminators
USAGE EXAMPLES
For precedent, the paper refers to an 1862 law creating land-grant universities to improve agricultural practices through research and dissemination of those findings.
Science Magazine(Dec 29, 2016)
She was arrested in 1941 and imprisoned for seven months after being caught at a meeting where students were transcribing Allied radio broadcasts for dissemination.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
As technology and the means of dissemination evolved, so, too, did fake news.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 散播，宣传; 浸染
分布：传播(92%)，宣传(7%)，传染(1%)
VERB
散布;传播
To disseminate information or knowledge means to distribute it so that it reaches many people or organizations.
例：It took years to disseminate information about Aids in Africa...在非洲传播关于艾滋病方面的知识耗时数年。
例：They disseminated anti-French propaganda.他们散布反对法国的宣传资料。
n. 宣传；散播；传染（病毒）
 - advertisement, publicity, infection, propaganda

Word: equivalence
Front: equivalence
[ɪ'kwɪvələns] (17793/13194)
Vocabulary: equivalence
(once / 25310 pages)
n
If you were having trouble choosing between chocolate cake and an ice cream sundae because you love both equally, you might say these two treats have an equivalence.
The noun equivalence describes the state of being equal, and it can be used any time things are basically interchangeable. If you came down with a stomach bug and there were three different medicines your doctor could prescribe — any one of them being likely to cure you — they would have an equivalence. In math, the word equivalence comes up a lot, and it's always represented by an equal sign.
WORD FAMILY
equivalence: equivalences, nonequivalence+/ equivalent: equivalence, equivalently, equivalents, nonequivalent
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It’s a simple equivalence: we’ve modernised it. And with this one, we needed someone who was iconic ... she’s become like Napoleon.”
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
He also employed the specious tactic of false equivalence, which was used devastatingly in this election.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Now, more than ever, we must be extra wary of false equivalence, extra attuned to the insidious process of normalizing the abnormal.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. （力量等的）均等; 相等; 相当; 等价
分布：等值(80%)，相等(20%)
同值;等量(epui平等+val+ence→同等价值)[vail,val=strong,表示"强壮"]
N-UNCOUNT
（用途、功能、尺寸、价值等）相等，对等，相同
If there is equivalence between two things, they have the same use, function, size, or value.
例：...the equivalence of science and rationality.科学和理性的对等
n. 等值；相等
 - equation, equivalent value

Word: dunk
Front: dunk
[dʌŋk] (14387/33537)
Back: vt. 将（食物）浸入液体; 将（某人或某物）在水中浸一下
vt. & vi. （篮球） 把（球）扣入篮内，扣篮，灌篮
时态：dunked, dunking, dunks
分布：灌篮(65%)，浸泡(21%)，蘸一下水(14%)
→来自teng, 浸没，浸泡，词源同tinge, tincture.
verb transitive
INTO LIQUID 放进液体
■to put a biscuit, piece of bread, etc. into a liquid such as tea or soup for a short time before eating it 将（饼干、面包等在茶水或汤中）蘸一下，泡一下
• She dunked a biscuit in her tea. 她把饼干在茶里蘸了一下。
■informal
■to put something into liquid for a short time 把（某物）放进液体浸泡一会
• Dunk the sponge in water every now and then to stop it from drying out. 不时把海绵浸在水里，使它不致变干。
[dʌŋk] verb transitive
BASKETBALL 篮球 US to slam-dunk
vt. 扣篮；泡；浸
 - dip, steep

Word: duisburg

Word: duplicity
Front: duplicity
[dju:ˈplɪsəti] (宝 21039/20111)
Vocabulary: duplicity
(once / 3109 pages)
n
Though he said he didn't know anything about the footprints in the new sidewalk, his duplicity, or deceitfulness, was obvious from the cement caking his shoes. His mouth said one thing, his feet said another.
Many words with "du" have meanings with "two" or "duo." Duplicity is from a Latin word meaning "twofold, having two parts." Someone who shows duplicity is two-faced — maybe showing one side in public and another in private — or is just a liar, saying something known to be untrue or misleading. A fraud uses duplicity to gain something with false promises, and someone described as "fake" might use duplicity just to fit in or be accepted.
WORD FAMILY
duplicity: duplicities, duplicitous +/ duplicitous: duplicitously
USAGE EXAMPLES
The mission of a news organization is to record accurately the course of events, including patterns of deception and duplicity.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
The scale and sheer wantonness of DuPont's level of duplicity, however, may be a new low.
New York Times(Jan 06, 2016)
In 1968, he was instrumental in exposing Philby’s duplicity, which became Britain’s most infamous spy scandal of the 20th century.
Washington Post(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: n. 表里不一; 欺骗，欺诈; 双重性
分布：口是心非(48%)，欺骗(35%)，不诚实(10%)，二重性(7%)
→来自duplicate, 两折，模糊，引申义欺骗。
二心;口是心非(du+plic重复+ity→二种重复状态→二心)[du,dub,doub=two,表示"二,双"]
欺骗;口是心非(du二个+plic重叠...口和心不一致)[-ity表名词,指具备某种性质]
【记】du二，pilc重叠一有二层重叠的态度一口是心非
【参】duplicitous（adj 搞两面派的；奸诈的）
US [du:'plɪs.ə.tˌi] formal
noun uncountable
■dishonest talk or behaviour, especially by saying different things to two people 欺骗；（尤指）搞两面派
• They were accused of duplicity in their dealings with both sides. 他们被指责在与双方打交道的过程中玩弄两面派伎俩。
n. 口是心非；表里不一；不诚实
 - dishonesty, perfidy

Word: eiffel
Front: eiffel
[ˈaɪfəl] (-/22797)
Back: Eiffel语言
分布：名词(100%)

Word: firestorm
Front: firestorm
[ˈfaɪəstɔ:m] (16556/-)
Back: n. 大爆发
分布：风暴性大火(48%)，大爆发(41%)，核心爆炸引起的爆炸风暴(11%)
US ['faɪr.stɔ:rm] noun countable
■a very large uncontrollable fire, sometimes caused by heavy bombing from aircraft （有时指因飞机爆炸等引起的）风暴性大火
n. 风暴性大火，大爆发
 - explosive eruption

Word: flashback
Front: flashback
[ˈflæʃbæk] (12687/21158 -1)
Vocabulary: flashback
(once / 10359 pages)
1n 2n
A flashback is a transition in a story to an earlier time, that interrupts the normal chronological order of events. A flashback in a movie might show what happened when a character was younger.
Flashbacks are often used for comedic effect, to prove or contradict something in the present. For example, if a character in a sitcom claims he does the dishes every single night, flashbacks could show him ignoring a giant pile of dirty dishes on various occasions. Flashback can also mean a sudden, vivid remembrance of past events, like having a flashback to your kindergarten days if you go visit that classroom today.
WORD FAMILY
flashback: flashbacks
USAGE EXAMPLES
In “20th Century Women,” this provided the germ of an opening-scene flashback.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
“Judas” is a narrative in the present, with flashbacks to the Holleeders’ childhood.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The narrative is complicated, using flashbacks within flashbacks.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 闪回，倒叙; 药效幻觉重现
分布：闪回(48%)，倒叙(36%)，迷幻药效幻觉重现(11%)，插叙(5%)
noun
countable or uncountable
■a short part of a film, story or play that goes back to events in the past （电影、故事或戏剧的）闪回，倒叙，倒叙片段
• The novel began with a flashback to the hero's experiences in the war. 小说开头以倒叙的手法描写了主人翁在战争中的经历。
countable usually plural
■a sudden, clear memory of a past event or time, usually one that was bad （尤指不愉快往事的）闪回
• I kept having flashbacks of her lying there bleeding. 我的脑海里不断闪现出她躺在那里流着血的情景。
n. 倒叙；闪回；迷幻药效幻觉重现
 - backflash

Word: eyesight
Front: eyesight
[ˈaɪsaɪt] (高研四六雅 14627/13749 -1)
Back: n. 视觉，视力; 见解，观察; 眼力
分布：视力(100%)
n.视力Her eyesight is very good.她的视力非常好.
noun uncountable
■the ability to see 视力
• good/bad/poor eyesight 视力好／不好／差
• You need to have your eyesight tested. 你要去检查一下视力。
sight, vision, perception, eyesight
这组词都有“视力、视觉”的意思，其区别是：
sight: 普通用词，与eyesight同义，可换用，指由实实在在的事物引起的视觉。
vision: 书面用词，含义广泛，指人的视力或视野，也可指远见卓识。
perception: 指视觉，也可泛指其它器官的功能，或引申指敏锐的理解力。
eyesight: 普通用词，指眼睛的正常功能。
n. 视力；目力
 - vision, sight, eye, seeing

Word: exult
Front: exult
[ɪgˈzʌlt] (宝 20109/21160)
Vocabulary: exult
(once / 421 pages)
v
Sometimes you might feel so happy about something you could just burst. This is the time to exult, or rejoice, and you might show your great happiness by laughing, dancing, and shouting with pure joy.
To exult means to express your joy in some visible way. Some people exult in a sedate manner, maybe just enjoying their happiness quietly within themselves. Others are more emotional, perhaps expressing their triumph in a loud or physical manner. When you break the word down into its Latin parts, the ex- means "out," and saltāre means "to leap." So exult means to leap with joy.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
exalt / exult
To exalt, means to glorify or elevate something, but to exult is to rejoice. Exalt your favorite pro-wrestler, Jesus, or your status in the world. Exult when you get the last two tickets to see your favorite band.
Exalt is a transitive verb, so it needs a direct object: you have to exalt something. If we glorify God, we exalt him. It can also mean to heighten something, to increase its effects. You can exalt, or raise, the Virgin Mary, or a level, like in these examples:
His devotional writings, which exalt Mary by superstitious tales of miracles, were extremely popular in all Catholic countries. (J.H. Kurtz)
At a less exalted level, we buy and sell attention all the time, usually as part of some other transaction. (Slate)
I'm afraid, though, that very few people walk on that exalted plane. (New York Times)
To exult (with a "u") is to whoop it up, celebrate, to be happy. If you rejoice at your team's big win, you exult in it. It's an intransitive verb, so it doesn't need an object — you exult all by yourself, any way you want:
Little wonder Ferry's fans were out in force Tuesday, but they had little reason to exult as the show opened in subdued style. (Chicago Tribune)
We do have our problems and we worry and whine and complain, but we also have to celebrate and exult. (Associated Press)
Coffers will bulge, fans will exult, civilization will fail to collapse. (New York Times)
If you think something is the best thing ever and you practically worship it, you exalt it. You have to exalt something. If you're just thrilled, and your sentence doesn't require a direct object, choose exult instead.
WORD FAMILY
exult: exultant, exultation, exulted, exulting, exults+/ exultant: exultantly/ exultation: exultations/ exulting: exultingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
And he’s probably well aware of Animal Collective; he exults in percussive, hypnotic consonance.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
“You wake up totally fresh,” exulted Kaushilya Devi, a housewife, whose husband bought a unit in May.
New York Times(Oct 12, 2016)
I need not restrain my cheering anymore, although as I am a Jets fan, there may not be many opportunities to exult anyway.
New York Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: vi. 狂喜，欢跃
时态：exulted, exulting, exults
分布：狂喜(40%)，欢跃(36%)，欢欣鼓舞(24%)
→ex-, 向外。-sult, 跳，词源同salient, insult.
欢腾,喜悦(ex出+sult跳→[高兴地]跳出来→欢腾)[sult=leap,表示"跳"]
【记】ex出，sult跳跃－高兴的跳起来－狂喜
【参】sultry（adj 闷热的；粗暴的；放荡的）
【反】exultant（adj 非常高兴的）－abject（adj 卑鄙的；可怜的）；dejected（adj 沮丧的；灰心的）；crestfallen（adj 垂头丧气的）
[ɪg'zʌlt] formal
verb intransitive
■to express great pleasure or happiness, especially at someone else's defeat or failure （尤指因别人失败而）欢欣鼓舞，兴高采烈，喜形于色
• They exulted at/over their victory. 他们获得了成功，兴高采烈。
• She seems to exult in her power. 她大权在握，一副洋洋得意的样子。
vi. 狂喜，欢欣鼓舞；非常高兴
 - glory, be over the moon

Word: ethereal
Front: ethereal
[iˈθɪəriəl] (宝 15313/20351 -1)
Vocabulary: ethereal
(once / 1941 pages)
1adj 2adj
Something ethereal is airy and insubstantial, such as a ghostly figure at the top of the stairs. It might also be something delicate and light, like a singer’s ethereal voice.
Ethereal comes from the Greek word for ether, which is a drug that makes you feel light headed and, in larger doses, causes you to lose consciousness. An ethereal substance or sound is one that carries the feeling of ether––something you might see in a vision, that might strike you as heavenly or supernatural.
WORD FAMILY
ethereal: etherealize, ethereally, etherialise+/ ether: ethereal, etherise, etherize, ethers/etherealize: etherealized, etherealizes, etherealizing/etherialise: etherialised/etherise: etherised/etherize: etherized, etherizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
In particular, there is an ethereal waterfall in front of which Paterson eats lunch and writes poetry each day.
Salon(Dec 28, 2016)
It’s of a piece with the ethereal sound Wonder was exploring that same year on his Journey Through the Secret Life of Plants.
Slate(Dec 18, 2016)
Prepare to get lost in the ethereal beauty and complexity of Morath’s photos.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 天上的; 轻飘的; [化]乙醚的
分布：天上的(36%)，飘渺的(31%)，飘逸的(17%)，精致的(11%)，乙醚的(5%)
→来自ether原义，苍穹，天空。即像天空一样的，飘渺的。
【源】原指：天上的；天国的
【记】ether＝aither上层空气－天上的e出，the神，real真的：出来了一个真正的神－虚无的，精神的
【反】material（adj 物质的；重要的）；ponderous（adj 笨重的；冗长的）
US [-'θɪr.i-] adjective
■light and delicate, especially in an unnatural way 轻飘的，缥缈的；优雅的；（尤指）超凡的
• an ethereal being 精灵
• ethereal beauty 超凡的美
adj. 天上的；轻的；象空气的
 - light, heavenly

Word: ezra

Word: flinty
Front: flinty
[ˈflɪnti] (27165/35585)
Vocabulary: flinty
(once / 6652 pages)
1adj 2adj
Something that's made of or contains flint, or hard silica rock, is flinty. Flinty soil is rough and rocky, and not the best for planting a garden.
Flinty earth is studded with jagged flakes of flint, and the adjective is often used in a figurative way to capture an equally rough and stony mood or personality. Your flinty uncle, for example, might be gruff and unsmiling. Since the 16th century flinty has been used this way, to mean "hard-hearted" or "tough as flint." The "full of flint" meaning is slightly newer.
WORD FAMILY
flinty: flintier, flintiest, flintily+/ flint: flints, flinty
USAGE EXAMPLES
West’s flinty new western, “In a Valley of Violence,” is a modest, satisfying revenge flick.
Salon(Dec 19, 2016)
A hint of this was in the curt and flinty comments by various MEPs after David Davis had gone.
BBC(Nov 24, 2016)
He doesn’t suffer nonsense and he’s very blunt and flinty.
Washington Post(Oct 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 燧石的; 燧石构成的; 燧石似的; 坚硬的
分布：坚硬的(47%)，燧石的(40%)，固执的(13%)
极硬的(flint燧石)[-y 1.加在名词后变成形容词2表名词,加在形容词或以r结尾的单词后3表名词"人或小东西"常带有戏谑性和爱称]
US [-tˌi] adjective
■made of or like flint 燧石的；燧石构成的；似燧石的
• a flinty material 燧石材料
■severe and determined 强硬的；坚定不移的；冷峻的
• The head teacher has a rather flinty manner. 这位校长不苟言笑。
adj. 坚硬的；燧石似的；坚定不移的
 - rigid, ironbound

Word: forgivable
Front: forgivable
[fəˈgɪvəbl] (30747/35942)
Vocabulary: forgivable
(once / 11645 pages)
adj
Forgivable things can be condoned, excused, or understood. If you have 30 cousins, it's completely forgivable for you to forget whose birthday falls on which day.
If your favorite teacher is funny, fair, and smart, you'll find her tendency to use terrible puns totally forgivable. And on a slick, snowy road, another driver will probably consider the gentle slide of your car into her car's bumper utterly forgivable. Forgivable comes from the verb forgive, which has an Old English root, forgiefan, "give, allow, or pardon."
WORD FAMILY
forgivable: forgivably, unforgivable+/ forgive: forgave, forgivable, forgiven, forgiver, forgives, forgiving/forgiven: forgiveness / forgiveness: forgivenesses/forgiver: forgivers/forgiving: forgivingest, forgivingly, forgivingness, unforgiving/unforgivable: unforgivablest, unforgivably/unforgiving: unforgivingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The city of Keokuk also contributed a $200,000 forgivable loan.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
The funds are not grants but are structured as forgivable loans.
Washington Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Nonetheless, sending the curious scrambling to Google is forgivable.
Economist(Nov 17, 2016)
Back: adj. 可宽恕的
分布：可原谅的(50%)，可宽恕的(50%)
US [fɚ-] adjective
■describes something that you are able to forgive because you understand it 可原谅的；可宽恕的
• a forgivable mistake 情有可原的错误
adj. 可宽恕的；可原谅的
 - remissible, venial

Word: frock
Front: frock
[frɒk] (六 18634/12569)
Vocabulary: frock
(once / 693 pages)
nv
Use the noun frock as an old-fashioned way to say "dress." You might wear a new pink frock to your best friend's birthday party.
Typically, girls and women wear frocks, especially to formal events like weddings and fancy parties. The word frock isn't as common today as it was in the past, though it's a great way to refer to a dress. You can also call a monk's loose, long-sleeved garment a frock. The word's origin is Germanic, and it comes directly from the French word froc, "a monk's habit."
WORD FAMILY
frock: defrock, frocked, frocks, unfrock+/ defrock: defrocked, defrocking/unfrock: unfrocked, unfrocking, unfrocks
USAGE EXAMPLES
They are getting new suits, too: black jackets inspired by 18th-century frock coats with the collars removed, and black trousers.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
No artificial or frocked trees will be accepted.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
For the shrinking ranks of independent clothing retailers, selling a single frock remains a time-consuming but rewarding endeavor.
Washington Post(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 女装，连衣裙; 僧袍，教士服，长工作服
vt. 使穿长工作服(礼服，长衣服〕; 授与…圣职
时态：frocked, frocking, frocks
分布：罩袍(44%)，僧衣(23%)，穿罩衫(11%)，女上装(11%)，授以神职(11%)
→来自古法语froc, 僧侣的道袍，衣服，裙摆，来自krek, 编织，词源同reel. 进一步来自sker, 弯，转，编织，词源同cradle, crown. 现主要用于指女装，连衣裙等。
US [frɑ:k] noun countable old-fashioned
■a dress 连衣裙
• a little girl in a pretty frock 穿着漂亮连衣裙的小女孩
n. 女装；连衣裙；僧袍；罩袍
 - suit-dress, one-piece dress

Word: guizhou

Word: gangsterism

Word: heck
Front: heck
[hek] (6954/15802 -1)
Back: int. & n. 真见鬼(hell的委婉说法)
分布：名词(100%)
→来自hell的委婉语。
exclamation noun informal
■an expression of usually slight anger or surprise, or a way of adding force to a statement, question, etc （表示轻微恼火、惊讶或对陈述、提问等加以强调）
• Oh heck! It's later than I thought. 见鬼！比我想的还要晚。
• Where the heck have you been? 你到底去哪里了？
[hek] exclamation noun informal
a heck of a
■used for emphasis; a very （用于强调）非常…
• It's a heck of a long way to the nearest shop from here. 从这里到最近的商店也有一段很长的路。
[hek] exclamation noun informal
what the heck
■used to say that you will do something although you know you should not do it 管它的（表示要做明知不应该做的事）
• The doctor said I shouldn't drink, but what the heck. 医生说我不能喝酒，管他的。

Word: hibernation
Front: hibernation
[ˌhaɪbə'neɪʃn] (高托 19620/22451)
Vocabulary: hibernation
(once / 24270 pages)
n
Hibernation is a type of deep sleep some animals (like bears) go into during winter. Hibernation is like a long nap.
Have you ever wanted to skip from fall to spring? Some animals do just that by hibernating, which is a sleep-like state during which their metabolism slows and they conserve energy. Animals who hibernate do nothing: hibernation is a time of rest and inactivity, almost like a coma. People also use this word for other types of inactivity. For example, you could talk about the hibernation of an athlete who has taken a year off from competition.
WORD FAMILY
hibernation: hibernations+/ hibernate: hibernated, hibernates, hibernating, hibernation
USAGE EXAMPLES
He felt himself sliding into a mental hibernation.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
In the cold-weather months, of course, most everything is in hibernation.
New York Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Traveling in hibernation pods, both wake up 90 years earlier than planned.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 过冬，冬眠
分布：冬眠(100%)
【参】hibernal（adj 冬天的；寒冷的）；hibernate（v 冬眠）
n. [动] 冬眠；过冬；避寒
 - winter sleep, torpidness

Word: hideously
Front: hideously
['hɪdɪəslɪ] (24352/20609)
Back: adv. 可怕地，非常讨厌地
分布：讨厌地(50%)，骇人听闻地(50%)
adverb
■in an extremely ugly way 极丑陋地
• hideously fat/ugly 极肥胖／丑陋
• a hideously misshapen body 极为丑陋的畸形身躯
■informal
■used to emphasize the great degree of something 极其
• a hideously expensive restaurant 极为昂贵的餐馆
adv. 可怕地；非常讨厌地；荒谬可笑地
 - awfully, horribly

Word: hipster
Front: hipster
['hɪpstə] (20466/39851)
Vocabulary: hipster
(once / 15115 pages)
n
A hipster is someone whose fashion choices and music interests fall outside the mainstream. Instead of following popular trends, hipsters generally favor alternative lifestyles, progressive politics, and quirky clothing.
The meaning of the word hipster has evolved since it was coined in the early 1940s to describe jazz musicians and fans, from the jazz slang term hep, "up to date." In the 1960s, hipster mainly referred to low-slung, hip-hugging pants, but by the 1990s it described an urban subculture made up mostly of young and educated bohemian types living in gentrified neighborhoods.
WORD FAMILY
hipster: hipsters
USAGE EXAMPLES
“They’re into craft beers, and natural wines; dare I say it, slightly hipster in a good way.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Perhaps the best illustration of this tension is Pepe the Frog, the anti-Semitic cartoon mascot of “hipster Nazi” white nationalism.
Slate(Dec 28, 2016)
“Why are these cultural hipsters trying to appropriate nerd/geek cultures?” cried a Reddit user.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. （指衣服）低到臀部的
n. 裤腰低到臀部的裤子; <俚>消息灵通人士
分布：赶时髦的人(75%)，消息流通的人(25%)
赶时髦的人(hip时髦)[-ster表名词"…人"]
US [-stɚ] noun
PERSON 人
countable informal
■someone who is very influenced by the most recent ideas and fashions 消息灵通的人；赶时髦的人
UK ['hɪp.stər] US [-stɚ] noun
TROUSERS 裤子
hipsters [plural] UK (US hiphuggers)
■trousers which do not reach as high as the waist 低腰裤
n. 世面灵通的人；赶时髦的人；颓废派成员（等于beatnik）
 - fashionmonger, swinger

Word: gymnastic
Front: gymnastic
[dʒɪm'næstɪk] (托 29203/36251)
Back: adj. 体育的，体操的; 体操运动
分布：体育的(50%)，体操的(50%)
adj. 体操的，体育的
 - calisthenic

Word: hoodlum
Front: hoodlum
[ˈhu:dləm] (22643/34372)
Vocabulary: hoodlum
(once / 9752 pages)
n
Hoodlums are young people who are involved in crime or generally up to no good. A car full of hoodlums might drive down the street and smash mailboxes with a baseball bat. Hoodlums are into mean stuff like that.
If you've ever seen a group of young people who look like trouble, you may have seen a group of hoodlums. Hoodlums are loud, aggressive, and violent. Hoodlums are part of gangs and commit crimes. If a young person robs a store or mugs someone, he’s a hoodlum. The word hoodlum has nothing to do with the hood on a sweatshirt. A hoodlum can also be called a gangster, thug, or toughie. Steer clear!
WORD FAMILY
hoodlum: hoodlums
USAGE EXAMPLES
On Thursday he criticized President Obama in a Twitter message in which he referred to those protesting a police shooting in Charlotte, N.C., as “hoodlums.”
New York Times(Sep 22, 2016)
"I was a punk and I was a hoodlum," Rezek said.
US News(Sep 23, 2016)
“Obama jokes about race after two consecutive nights of hoodlums rioting in #Charlotte. Outrageous” he wrote.
Washington Post(Sep 22, 2016)
Back: n. 流氓，暴徒
分布：暴徒(59%)，流氓(41%)
→词源不详，特别用于指美国加利福尼亚州19世纪70年代欺负中国移民的街头流氓，一种说法是来自”huddle ‘em”,即huddle them,类似于攻击中国移民的暗号，后来报纸就把这帮人称做hoodlum.
noun countable (also hood) old-fashioned
■a violent person, especially one who is member of a group of criminals 恶棍；（尤指加入犯罪团伙的）歹徒
n. 流氓；暴徒；无赖
 - cad, swashbuckler

Word: indisputable
Front: indisputable
[ˌɪndɪˈspju:təbl] (17939/20087 -1)
Vocabulary: indisputable
(once / 1955 pages)
adj
If you say something is indisputable, you’d better be pretty sure about it. Indisputable is used to describe something that is so obviously true that there is no room for questions or debate.
If you dispute something, you question it, such as disputing your friend's claim that he is the faster runner. You might have a race to determine who's right. But if something is indisputable, it is beyond question or doubt, like if your friend also happens to be an Olympic marathoner and you can barely jog a mile. But pay attention — if someone is calling something indisputable that's really a matter of opinion or taste, it's debatable. Indisputable requires facts.
WORD FAMILY
indisputable: indisputability, indisputably+/disputable: disputably, indisputable, undisputable/disputant: disputants/disputation: disputations/ disputatious: disputatiously/disputative: disputatively/ dispute: disputable, disputant, disputation, disputatious, disputative, disputed, disputes, disputing/disputed: undisputed/undisputable: undisputably/undisputed: undisputedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Monday’s vote was, after all, the indisputable end to Mrs. Clinton’s 2016 campaign.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Continuing what scientists see as an indisputable trend, 2016 was an absolute scorcher.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Looking at it one way, both Wang and Adams were correct: Clinton indisputably won the popular vote while Trump was the uncontested electoral vote winner.
Slate(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: adj. 无可争辩的; 不容置疑的; 无可否认的; 无可讳言
分布：无可争辩的(80%)，无可置疑的(20%)
→in-,不，非，disputable,可争议的。
【反】refutable（adj 可驳倒的）
US [-tˌə-] adjective
■true, and impossible to doubt 不容置疑的，无可争辩的
• an artist of indisputable skill 技艺无可置疑的艺术家
• One fact is indisputable - this must never be allowed to happen again. 有一点是不容置疑的——就是这种事绝不能再次发生。
adj. 明白的；无争论之余地的
 - evident, uncontrovertible

Word: kiln
Front: kiln
[ kɪln] (托 16330/12627 -1)
Vocabulary: kiln
(once / 4380 pages)
n
A kiln is a special kind of oven for firing things like pottery and bricks. A ceramic artist might use a kiln once a week to fire the bowls he's made from clay.
Some kilns look more like furnaces than ovens, and they reach temperatures far beyond regular household ovens. Electricity is used to power many modern kilns, while others use older techniques of burning wood or even coal. Making mugs and bowls is the primary use of kilns, but there are some that dry lumber, tobacco leaves, or hops as well. The Old English word was cyln, from the Latin root culina, "kitchen or cooking stove."
WORD FAMILY
kiln: kilns
USAGE EXAMPLES
A third vigil begins with refreshments at 4 p.m. at Lime Kiln Point State Park in Friday Harbor.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
To get their craft beers into the hands of thirsty customers, the partners contracted to brew batches at Lazy Magnolia Brewing Co. in Kiln.
Washington Times(Dec 11, 2016)
The business, located on 120 acres, includes five kilns that can each dry 35,000 board feet at a time.
Washington Times(Nov 26, 2016)
Back: 大窑
分布：窑(82%)，炉(14%)，烧窑(3%)，在干燥炉干燥(1%)
→来自古英语cyln,炉子，窑，来自拉丁语culina,锅，炉子，来自coquere,烧，煮，词源同cook,cuisine,dyspeptic.拼写比较nail,rule.
noun countable
■a type of large oven used for making bricks and clay objects hard after they have been shaped （用以烧制砖、陶器的）窑
n. （砖，石灰等的） [炉窑] 窑；炉；干燥炉
 - oven, stove

Word: immobile
Front: immobile
[ɪˈməʊbaɪl] (托 16603/14573 -1)
Vocabulary: immobile
(once / 2437 pages)
adj
Something immobile can't move or be moved — it's locked or stuck in place.
If you know that mobile things move around, then you're halfway to understanding what immobile means: this refers to anything that can't move. A mountain is immobile; no one's moving that. Sometimes people who are very large — like offensive lineman — are described as immobile, because they are big and hard to move. When something is immobile, it's not going anywhere.
WORD FAMILY
immobile: immobilely, immobilise, immobility, immobilize +/demobilise: demobilised, demobilising/demobilization: demobilizations/demobilize: demobilization, demobilized, demobilizes, demobilizing/immobilise: immobilisation, immobilised, immobilising/ immobility: immobilities/ immobilize: immobilization, immobilized, immobilizes, immobilizing/ mobile: immobile, mobiles, mobilise, mobility, mobilize /mobilisation: demobilisation, mobilisations/mobilise: demobilise, mobilisation, mobilised, mobilises, mobilising/mobilization: mobilizations/ mobilize: demobilize, mobilization, mobilized, mobilizes, mobilizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s not only wages that are stuck, frozen, immobile.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
He saw someone he believed to be the attacker on the ground, a person lying immobile and face-down.
Washington Post(Nov 28, 2016)
Each day during the trial, Mair remained immobile and impassive, staring straight ahead and rarely looking around.
The Guardian(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 固定的; 不变的; 稳定的
分布：不动的(43%)，静止的(36%)，不变的(16%)，不能活动的(5%)
→im-,不，非，mobile,移动的。
不动的(im不＋mob+ile能...的→不能动的)[mob=move,表示"动"]
US [-'moʊ.bəl] adjective
■not moving or not able to move 静止的；无法移动的
• She sat immobile, wondering what to do next. 她一动不动地坐着，寻思着下一步该怎么办。
adj. 固定的；稳定的；不变的
 - settled, steady, constant, standing, permanent

Word: kerb
Front: kerb
[kɜ:b] (38587/12044 -1)
Back: n. 马路牙子; 路缘
分布：路边(83%)，街头的边石(17%)
→来自curb拼写变体，来自sker,弯，转，围，词源同curve,ring.引申词义马路牙子。
US [kɝ:b] UK (US curb)
noun countable
■the edge of a raised path nearest the road （道路的）路缘

Word: lynx
Front: lynx
[lɪŋks] (22097/25376)
Back: n. 猞猁
分布：猞猁(54%)，山猫(46%)
→来自拉丁语lynx,词源同light,lunar.因该猫科动物在黑暗中发光的眼睛而得名。
[lɪŋks] (plural lynxes or lynx)
noun countable
■a wild animal of the cat family which has brown hair, sometimes with dark spots on it, pointed ears and a short tail 猞猁
n. 猞猁；山猫
 - catamount, tiger cat

Word: midsummer
Front: midsummer
[ˌmɪdˈsʌmə(r)] (12720/11366 -1)
Back: n. 仲夏; 夏至; 盛夏
分布：仲夏(80%)，夏至(20%)
→mid-,中间的，summer,夏天。Midsummer ’s Day 施洗约翰节（6月24日）
US [-ɚ] noun uncountable
■the period in the middle of summer 仲夏
• I don't normally take my holiday in midsummer. 我一般不在仲夏休假。
• a midsummer evening 仲夏之夜
■the summer solstice , the day of the year on which it is light for the longest length of time (21 June in northern parts of the world, 22 December in southern parts of the world) 夏至
• It's midsummer sometime this week, isn't it? 夏至是在本周的某一天，是吗？
n. 仲夏；盛夏；夏至
 - high summer, June solstice

Word: masterstroke
Front: masterstroke
[ˈmɑ:stəstrəʊk] (38081/40397)
Back: n. 妙举，巧妙的动作
分布：主线(56%)，巧妙的动作(33%)，神技(11%)
US ['mæs.tɚ.stroʊk] noun countable usually singular mainly UK
■an action which is very clever and produces success 绝招，高招；妙举
• His decision to change the team's formation for the final match was a masterstroke. 在决赛时改变阵形，他的这个决定真是神来之笔。
n. 主线；巧妙的动作；妙举
 - cardinal line, mainline

Word: misdirect
Front: misdirect
[ˌmɪsdəˈrekt] (25645/22003)
Back: vt. 给…指错方向
时态：misdirected, misdirecting, misdirects
分布：误导(50%)，误用(30%)，指错方向(20%)
→mis-,坏的，错的，不好的，direct,引导，指导。
verb transitive
■to send something to the wrong place or aim something in the wrong direction 将…送错地方；把…瞄错方向
• My luggage was misdirected to a different airport. 我的行李被错送到另一个机场去了。
• Vilas misdirected the shot, and the ball went over the net. 维拉斯射球失准，球越网而过。
■to use something in a way which is not suitable or right 使用…不当；误用
• The report accuses the charity of misdirecting large quantities of aid. 报告指责这家慈善机构不当使用大量援助。
■to be wrong in how you feel or act in a situation 用错，误用（情感、行为等）
• The public's admiration is misdirected, as he has done nothing to deserve it. 公众的赞美用错了地方，因为他没有任何值得赞誉之处。
vt. 误导；写错地址
 - mislead, misguide

Word: mongrel
Front: mongrel
[ˈmʌŋgrəl] (宝 24348/19339)
Vocabulary: mongrel
(once / 3657 pages)
n
Some people have purebred dogs, but you might have a mongrel — a mutt that is part this, part that, and part the other thing (but to you he's a 100 percent dog and your best friend).
Mongrel has the Middle English root word mong, which meant "mix." If you use the word mongrel to refer to the mixed ancestry of a dog or other animal, you may or may not intend to be insulting. If you refer to a human as a mongrel, you are definitely making a pejorative comment about that person's origins. In this use, it is considered an insult.
WORD FAMILY
mongrel: mongrelise, mongrelize, mongrels+/mongrelize: mongrelized, mongrelizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
On 8 September 1940, Marcel Ravidat’s black-and-white mongrel, Robot, dived into a hole in the ground in pursuit of a rabbit.
The Guardian(Dec 03, 2016)
It was the Klan’s job to rescue white women from the black devils who were trying to rape them and create a mongrel race.
The New Yorker(Nov 13, 2016)
Yet for all the grief he was given, nobody ever called him a “subhuman mongrel.”
Seattle Times(Nov 06, 2016)
Back: n. 杂种狗; 混合物
adj. 杂种的，杂交的
分布：杂种狗(32%)，杂种的(22%)，混血儿(20%)，杂交的(11%)，混血的(11%)，杂交动植物(4%)
→来自Proto-Germanic*mangjan,揉，捏，来自mag,揉，捏，词源同make,mingle,among.-rel,贬义后缀，缩写自-erel,小词后缀。字面意思即捏在一起的，用于指杂种狗。
【记】读：蒙古－蒙古人是混血
【反】purebred（adj 纯种的；n 纯种动物）
noun countable (US informal also mutt) mainly disapproving
■a dog whose parents are of different breeds 杂种狗
['mʌŋ.grəl] adjective disapproving
■describes something of mixed origin 杂种的，来源混杂的
• Some people call English a mongrel language because it is a mixture of old German and French. 有些人称英语为混种语言，因为英语原来是由古德语和古法语融合而成。
n. [遗] 杂种；混血儿；杂种动物
 - hybrid, incross
adj. [遗] 杂种的；混血儿的
 - hybrid, crossbred

Word: monogamous
Front: monogamous
[mə'nɒɡəməs] (18174/25453)
Vocabulary: monogamous
(once / 20957 pages)
adj
Use the adjective monogamous to describe a person or animal who has only one mate. Beavers are one of only a few mammals that are truly monogamous, raising their young and living with a single mate.
There are many cultures in the world that aren't typically monogamous, meaning that men may have more than one wife or women more than one husband. However, most western, industrialized countries have made being monogamous the only culturally acceptable choice, and most American kids grow up imagining they'll marry one person and stay with that husband or wife until death. Monogamous comes from the Greek word monogamos, "marrying only once."
WORD FAMILY
monogamous: monogamously, monogamousness+/monogamist: monogamists/ monogamy: monogamist, monogamous
USAGE EXAMPLES
The tan-striped birds are poor at singing, monogamous and fiercely protect their hatchlings from predators such as raccoons and snakes.
Nature(Nov 22, 2016)
Forty-two of the cranes released in the wild have survived so far, and eight are living in monogamous pairs.
Seattle Times(Nov 14, 2016)
It was only as our brains evolved and emotions developed – including love – that monogamous relationships set in.
The Guardian(Oct 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 一夫一妻的，单配的，一雌一雄的
分布：一夫一妻的(100%)
ADJ
一夫一妻制的;有单一性伴侣的
Someone who is monogamous or who has a monogamous relationship has a sexual relationship with only one partner.
例：Do you believe that men are not naturally monogamous?...你相信人类并非本来就是一夫一妻制的吗？
例：She wouldn't want to be in a monogamous relationship.她不想要单一性伴侣的关系。
ADJ
单配的;一雄一雌的
Monogamous animals have only one sexual partner during their lives or during each mating season.

Word: moderator
Front: moderator
[ˈmɒdəreɪtə(r)] (12436/17548)
Back: n. （讨论、会议等的）主持人; <物>（原子堆中的）减速剂; <英>成绩核对人; （新教的）宗教领袖
分布：仲裁人(50%)，调解人(29%)，让中子更可能使铀235原子裂变(7%)，而较少被铀238原子吸收)(7%)，减速剂 (降低自由中子在核反应堆中速度的物质(7%)
→来自moderate,适中的，适度的。引申词义调解人，调停人。
调解人(moderate调节)[-ator表名词,通常由ate结尾的动词而来,"做事的人或物]
US ['mɑ:.də.reɪ.tˌɚ] noun countable (US usually mediator) formal
■someone who tries to help other people come to an agreement 仲裁人；调解人
• An independent moderator should be appointed to oversee the negotiations. 应任命一个独立的调解人来监督谈判。
■US
■someone who makes certain that a formal discussion happens without problems and follows the rules （正式讨论的）主持人；仲裁人
• He challenged the president to a series of TV debates. Just the two of them, with no moderator. 他强烈要求与总统进行一系列电视辩论。就他们两个，没有主持人。
■UK specialized
■someone who makes certain that all the people marking (= giving marks for) an examination use the same standards 评分监督
• The final marks awarded for coursework will depend upon the moderator. 课程的最后分数由评分监督决定。
n. [核] 慢化剂；仲裁人；调解人； [助剂] 缓和剂
 - daysman, arbitrator

Word: midweek
Front: midweek
[ˌmɪdˈwi:k] (18532/13010 -1)
Back: adj. 周中的，一星期中段的
n. 周中（指一周中间的日子）; 星期三
分布：星期三(34%)，星期三的(24%)，一周之半(18%)，一周之半的(12%)，周中地(12%)
noun uncountable
■the middle of the week, usually from Tuesday to Thursday 一星期的中段，周中（通常从星期二到星期四）
• By midweek, the situation had become worrying. 到周中时，情况变得令人担忧。
n. 星期三
 - Wednesday

Word: octane
Front: octane
[ˈɒkteɪn] (25557/45982)
Back: n. 辛烷
分布：名词(100%)
→octa-,八，-ane,化学名词后缀，烷，词源同methane.因含有八个碳原子而得名。
US ['ɑ:k-] noun uncountable
■a chemical in petrol 辛烷

Word: nineteen
Front: nineteen
[ˌnaɪnˈti:n] (中高研四 7818/1907 -5)
Back: num. 十九; 十九个; 第十九
n. 十九岁; 十九点钟
分布：十九(100%)
→nine,九，-teen,十。
num./a.十九pron.十九(个,只...)There are nineteen.有十九个.
number
 ESSENTIAL
■the number 19 （数字）19
• eighteen, nineteen, twenty 18，19，20
• Simson, aged nineteen, was convicted on two charges of burglary. 19岁的西姆森被判两项盗窃罪罪成。

Word: pancake
Front: pancake
[ˈpænkeɪk] (中高 7331/15188 -1)
Vocabulary: pancake
(once / 3558 pages)
n
A pancake is a breakfast dish, a flat cake that's made by pouring batter into a hot pan and frying it on both sides. Many people like to eat their pancakes with a drizzle of maple syrup.
While pancakes can be savory, they're more often a sweet breakfast food in the US. Most pancakes begin as a mixture of flour, eggs, milk, and butter, are fried on a greased griddle, and are circular in shape. Pancakes have a long history, stretching as least as far back as ancient Greece, and appear in various forms throughout the world, from savory African injera to the sweet Finnish dessert pancakes known as lettu.
WORD FAMILY
pancake: pancake-like, pancakes
USAGE EXAMPLES
Flat as a pancake – the land and the atmosphere.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Try it with a creamy pastry dessert or with blueberry pancakes on New Year’s morning.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
The character was famous for her idiosyncratic recipes such as parsnip brownies and lard and fish paste pancakes, but was killed off in 1996.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 烙饼，薄煎饼; 粉饼; [航]平降，平坠
vt. 使平坠著陆; 使平展
vi. 平坠着陆; 平展
分布：薄煎饼(100%)
→pan,盘子，cake,蛋糕。即圆盘状蛋糕。
noun countable UK (mainly US crepe)
■a very thin flat round cake made from a mixture of flour, milk and egg, which is fried on both sides 薄煎饼
• Do you want a sweet pancake or a savoury one? 你想吃甜的薄煎饼还是咸的？
■US
■a sweet thick round cake made from flour, sugar, milk and eggs, which is cooked in a pan and eaten with maple syrup , usually for breakfast （当早点吃的）厚煎饼（通常和枫糖浆一起食用）：
• a stack of pancakes 一叠厚煎饼
n. 薄烤饼；粉饼；平降（全称pancake landing）
 - pressed powder

Word: olympian

Word: nostrum
Front: nostrum
[ˈnɒstrəm] (宝 32333/40918)
Vocabulary: nostrum
(once / 6712 pages)
n
Though you try many medicines that claim to cure your cold, none of them work. They turn out to be nostrums, or ineffective drugs.
Nostrum refers to a cure-all, a drug, or a medicine that is ineffectual. Before drugs were regulated by the government, there were many nostrums sold to the public. “Snake oil” is one of the most well-known. Said to cure any ailment from achy joints to hair loss, snake oil concoctions could contain a number of ingredients — including camphor, red pepper, and turpentine.
WORD FAMILY
nostrum: nostrums
USAGE EXAMPLES
Maybe these nostrums are important for Mr. Trump but they seem to have little to do with making a country rich.
New York Times(Nov 26, 2016)
Trump offered mostly vague and contradictory national security nostrums during the campaign.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 09, 2016)
He includes nostrums like this: Buy only investments you understand.
New York Times(Oct 14, 2016)
Back: n. 骗人的疗法，有专利权的药品; 妙策
分布：秘方(61%)，妙策(17%)，万灵药(11%)，骗人特效药(11%)
→来自拉丁语nostrum remedium,家乡药，祖传神药，nostrum,我们的，家乡的，词源同us,our,remedium,治疗，药，词源同remedy.用来形容一些江湖骗子，比较quack.
民间药,密药(nostr+um→家里的药物→民间药)[nost=home,表示"家"]
n. [医] 秘方；成药； [药] 万能药
 - secret recipe, over-the-counter medicine

Word: prevarication
Front: prevarication
[prɪˌværɪ'keɪʃn] (33706/32909)
Vocabulary: prevarication
(once / 13633 pages)
n
Prevarication is when someone tells a lie, especially in a sneaky way. A boy might use prevarication to avoid telling the whole truth about how the kitchen window got broken.
While the noun prevarication is mostly just a fancy way to say "lie," it can also mean skirting around the truth, being vague about the truth, or even delaying giving someone an answer, especially to avoid telling them the whole truth. In the 16th century, the word was used to mean "going astray," or "stepping out of line." It comes from the Latin root word praevaricari, which literally translates as "walk crookedly."
WORD FAMILY
prevarication: prevarications+/ prevaricate: prevaricated, prevaricates, prevaricating, prevarication, prevaricator/prevaricator: prevaricators
USAGE EXAMPLES
"We don't expect from them today anything more than prevarication and procrastination," Hadi was quoted as saying after meeting the American and British ambassadors.
BBC(Oct 19, 2016)
Trump is a role model for antipathy, envy, calumny, mendacity, prevarication, stupidity in the face of challenge, not being prepared for his goal, and bullying.
New York Times(Oct 18, 2016)
When it comes to messaging, however, the campaign and its principal operate with crafty prevarication.
Wall Street Journal(Aug 24, 2016)
Back: n. 支吾; 搪塞; 说谎; 有枝有叶
分布：搪塞(49%)，推诿(30%)，支吾(21%)
【反】veracity（n 说真实话；诚实）
n. 搪塞；支吾
 - quillet, runaround

Word: perfidious
Front: perfidious
[pəˈfɪdiəs] (宝 36059/37808)
Vocabulary: perfidious
(once / 3367 pages)
adj
If someone accuses you of being perfidious, you should probably be offended — it means underhanded, treacherous, deceitful — even evil.
If you betray people often, you're perfidious: traitors are extremely perfidious. Besides betrayal, this word implies lying and maybe other kinds of awful behavior, like stealing and taking bribes. Everyone tries to avoid perfidious people. Perfidious is kind of an old-fashioned word, but being perfidious will never go out of style, unfortunately.
WORD FAMILY
perfidious: perfidiously, perfidiousness+/ perfidy: perfidies, perfidious
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Japanese attack—boldly conceived, assiduously plotted and rehearsed, shamelessly perfidious—torpedoed not only battleships, but American complacency.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 07, 2016)
And because he believes Clinton uniquely perfidious, this investigation would lead to her prosecution, conviction, and imprisonment.
Slate(Oct 10, 2016)
She says “once again innocent men, women and children are the victims of cowardly and perfidious violence; I condemn this attack in the strongest terms.”
Washington Times(Aug 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 不诚实的，背信弃义的
分布：背信弃义的(72%)，不忠的(28%)
→来自perfidy,背叛，不忠。
背信弃义的(perfidy+ous)[fid=trust,faith,表示"相信,信念"]
【记】per表面，fid相信，ious－表面值得相信的－不忠的；
【参】perjury（n 伪证）表面发誓
【反】faithful（adj 忠实的）；loyal（adj 忠诚的）；trustworthy（adj 可信赖的）
US [pɚ-] literary
adjective
■unable to be trusted, or showing no loyalty 背信弃义的；不忠贞的
• She described the new criminal bill as a perfidious attack on democracy. 她称新的刑法法案违背民主原则，是对民主的肆意践踏。
adj. 背信弃义的；不忠的
 - disloyal, treasonable

Word: rapture
Front: rapture
[ˈræptʃə(r)] (六托 16318/19620)
Vocabulary: rapture
(once / 430 pages)
n
Rapture is a feeling of emotional ecstasy so magical it's almost as if you've been transported to some other world.
Coming to us from an old French word meaning "carried away," rapture certainly involves getting swept off to Shangri-La. It's happiness so extreme that you just about float to heaven, complete with big goofy grin plastered to your face. Traditionally reserved for those feeling spiritual ecstasy, rapture now extends to anyone feeling overwhelmed my emotion — sparked by everything from a passionate kiss to scoring an awesome dress on sale.
WORD FAMILY
rapture: enrapture, raptures, rapturous +/ enrapture: enraptured, enraptures, enrapturing/ rapturous: rapturously
USAGE EXAMPLES
The offenders stole a CD from Rapture in Witney, Oxfordshire, and one of them knocked into the victim as they fled.
BBC(Dec 18, 2016)
She collapses the distinction between terror and rapture.
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
When the fervent Roman Catholic responds to terrorist violence, he often does so in the lofty language of religious rapture.
Washington Post(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 极度欢喜
vt. 使…狂喜
分布：狂喜(92%)，使狂喜(8%)
→来自 rapt,全神贯注的，-ure,名词后缀。比喻用法。
狂喜,着迷(rapt+ure)[Rap,rapt,rav=snatch,表示"捕,夺"]
US [-tʃɚ] noun
uncountable
■extreme pleasure and happiness or excitement 狂喜；欢天喜地；兴高采烈
• He listened to the music with an expression of pure rapture on his face. 他听着音乐，脸上一副陶醉的样子。
• The prime minister's supporters greeted her speech with rapture. 首相的演讲赢得了支持者们阵阵热烈的欢呼。
raptures [plural]
■an expression of extreme pleasure and happiness or excitement 欣喜若狂；狂喜的表示；欢呼
• She went into raptures at the news of her success. 听到自己成功的消息，她欣喜若狂。
• She was in raptures about/over her first visit to Paris. 这是第一次去巴黎，她高兴得欢呼雀跃。
enjoyment, joy, pleasure, fun, rapture, dlight
这组词都有“愉快、快乐、高兴”的意思，其区别是：
enjoyment: 比pleasure, joy和delight的语气轻，但更着重行为或乐事的本身，而不是感情。
joy: 语气弱于rapture，强于pleasure，多指情感充溢，喜形于色的强烈的欢乐情绪。
pleasure: 最普通常用词，常指不表露出来的满意或喜悦情绪，也指强烈的愉快或兴奋感。
fun: 普通用词，指任何能给予喜悦的娱乐，或指娱乐本身。
rapture: 书面语用词，指极端的欣喜、大喜或狂喜。
dlight: 指强烈的、活泼的、显而易见的快乐和高兴。
n. 兴高采烈
 - elation, gaiety

Word: privation
Front: privation
[praɪˈveɪʃn] (宝 24072/20449)
Vocabulary: privation
(once / 1095 pages)
n
If you're lacking the basic necessities of life — food, water, political freedom, and so on — you're suffering from privation.
Privation has become a rather old-fashioned word, and when used now is often with irony: present day privations are usually of the order of not having wireless Internet or video games. It's interesting to compare privation with the similar word deprivation, which is used more commonly now. Deprivation usually suggests that someone or something has actually caused the privation.
WORD FAMILY
privation: privations
USAGE EXAMPLES
My status protected me from many of the privations of life in the Soviet Union, but it did not tint my vision rose.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 16, 2016)
I got an earful about the absurdity of revolutionary Cuba, the privation, the frustration, the alienation.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 27, 2016)
The privations of war intrude here, as everywhere.
New York Times(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: n. （生活必需品的）匮乏，贫困
分布：丧失(45%)，贫困(33%)，匮乏(22%)
→来自拉丁语privationem,剥夺，使失去，来自拉丁语privare,使个人化，使分开，使剥离，词源同private.引申词义贫困，丧失，匮乏，艰难等。
剥夺;缺乏(deprivation的变体)[Priv=single,lone,表示"单个"]
【记】源于：deprive（v 剥夺）被deprive后就会privation
【反】repletion（n 充满）
[praɪ'veɪ.ʃən] formal
noun countable or uncountable
■a lack of the basic things that are necessary for an acceptable standard of living （生活必需品的）匮乏；贫困
• Economic privation is pushing the poor towards crime. 生活的贫困逼使穷人去犯罪。
• Several villages suffered serious privations during their long isolation during the war. 战争时期，好几个村庄与外界长期隔绝，生活必需品严重匮乏。
n. 贫困；丧失；被剥夺了某物的状态
 - poverty, want

Word: reconfigure
Front: reconfigure
[ˌri:kənˈfɪgə(r)] (15437/49377)
Back: v. 重新装配，改装
分布：重新装配(67%)，改装(33%)
→re-,再，重新，figure,布置。

Word: pronunciation
Front: pronunciation
[prəˌnʌnsiˈeɪʃn] (中高研四六 15375/8187 -K1)
Vocabulary: pronunciation
(once / 1626 pages)
n
Pronunciation is the way you say a word or the way in which a language is usually spoken. Think accents, silent vowels, upside-down e's, and that sort of thing.
The word pronunciation is pronounced "pruh-nuhn-see-EY-shuhn." The English language is notorious for the irregularity of its pronunciation. Take, for instance, book and look, which have a different pronunciation from spook and kook; or doll and loll, which have a different pronunciation from toll and roll. What's with the upside-down e (ə)? It's called a schwa, and it's the symbol for the "uh" sound.
WORD FAMILY
pronunciation: pronunciations+/ mispronounce: mispronounced, mispronounces, mispronouncing, mispronunciation/mispronunciation: mispronunciations/ pronounce: mispronounce, pronounceable, pronounced, pronouncement, pronounces, pronouncing, pronunciation /pronounceable: unpronounceable/pronounced: pronouncedly/ pronouncement: pronouncements/unpronounceable: unpronounceably
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Whangarei is gorgeous,” I said, and Bob gently corrected my pronunciation: In Maori, the “wh” is aspirated, almost approaching an “f” sound.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
What exactly determines our pronunciation of “pecan”? Race?
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
He checked the Oxford English Dictionary’s audio pronunciation guidance.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 发音; 读法; 发音方法; 发音方式
分布：发音(92%)，读音(8%)
→来自pronounce,发音，读音。
发音(pronounce的名词)[nounce,nunci=speak,表示"讲话,说出"]
n.发音,发音方法Your pronunciation is incorrect.你的发音是错误的.
noun countable or uncountable
 IMPROVER
■how words are pronounced 发音
• English pronunciation is notoriously difficult. 英语的发音出了名的难。
• There are two different pronunciations of this word. 这个词有两种读音。
n. 发音；读法
 - sonation, vocalization

Word: reschedule
Front: reschedule
[ˌri:ˈʃedju:l] (托 16954/16370 -1)
Vocabulary: reschedule
(once / 11749 pages)
v
If you reschedule an event, you move it to a different time or place. If you schedule a trip to the water park, but the weather looks stormy, you definitely want to reschedule for a day when there won't be lightning.
The verb reschedule can also refer to rearranging a payment schedule for a loan or other debt, especially to defer a payment. Sometimes your bank will offer you the chance to reschedule a payment — especially around the holidays — but be careful when deciding to make a payment later because the bank may charge you a fee and you may still be charged interest. You will need to reschedule the time of your meeting because some of the members of the committee can't make it on the day you've chosen.
WORD FAMILY
reschedule: rescheduled, reschedules, rescheduling+/ schedule: reschedule, scheduled, scheduler, schedules, scheduling/ scheduled: unscheduled /scheduler: schedulers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Gray, 45, said the club asked Halifax to reschedule the game "but with all due respect, they refused".
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
More than 300 flights were delayed or rescheduled and ferries were barred from sailing, stranding thousands of travelers.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
The rescheduled game means the teams will play on consecutive nights in Raleigh.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. 重新安排; 重新计划
时态：rescheduled, rescheduling, reschedules
分布：重新排定(100%)
→re-,再，重新，schedule,安排。
US [-'skedʒ.u:l] verb transitive
■to agree a new and later date for something to happen 重新安排…的时间；将…改期
• I rescheduled my doctor's appointment for later in the week. 我将看医生的时间改到了本周晚些时候。
■specialized
■to agree that money owed can be paid back at a later date 延后（还款）时间；延期还付
• Banks have rescheduled the debts of many Third-World countries. 多家银行延后了很多第三世界国家偿还债务的日期。
vt. 重新排定日程；重订时间表；重新计划
 - replan

Word: risible
Front: risible
[ˈrɪzəbl] (36636/33728)
Vocabulary: risible
(once / 17180 pages)
adj
Risible describes something that is laughable or amusing, like seeing a very large man trying to get into a very tiny car.
Risible is a fun word to say (it rhymes with visible), but it's just not used all that much, maybe because it's a little formal. But if you started saying the word risible all the time, that itself might be kind of risible. Fun — and less stuffy — synonyms include amusing, comic, comical, funny, laughable, and mirthful.
TASTY MORSELS
Vocabulary Shout-Out: Ann Hornaday for "Risibly"
In a Washington Post review of the recently-released summer blockbuster "Pacific Rim," critic Ann Hornaday used the word risibly, writing:
“Pacific Rim” is a big, lumbering, rock ’em, sock ’em mash-up of metallic heft and hyperbole, a noisy, overproduced disaster flick that sucks its characters and the audience down a vortex of garish visual effects and risibly cartoonish action.
And you know what? It’s not bad!
In the most general sense, risible means "laughable." But a quick scan of the usage examples on risible's Vocabulary.com Dictionary page will fine tune our understanding of the word.
First, the usage examples show us that risible refers to the kind of laughter you reserve for the ridiculous.
The aesthetic, in other words, risks being risible.
– The New York Times (Apr 6, 2012)
Next, we see that risible can be fun. It's perhaps a cousin to Schadenfreude, though it refers to the excesses, rather than the misfortunes, of others.
At one time, gentrification at least provided us plenty of risible but creative development names. now, not so much.
– Time (tweet) (Feb 10, 2013)
And finally, we come full circle to risible as the perfect word for a piece of art you laugh at rather than with.
But the performances and script are baffling, verging on the risible.
– The Guardian (Jan 13, 2011)
So now we know exactly what Hornaday's verbal joy ride of an opening line means. "Pacific Rim" might give us the chance to have a chuckle at an over-the-top spectacle of fight scenes and future tech in a deliciously fun, slightly smug, but mostly mirthful way. A rite of summer as much as heat waves and ice cream.
WORD FAMILY
risible: risibility, risibly+/ risibility: risibilities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Many on social media felt it was risible to give a man of the year award at a women's event.
BBC(Nov 15, 2016)
Trump’s ambitions would be bounded by strong legislative and legal institutions and by his own risible ignorance of real leadership.
Washington Post(Nov 03, 2016)
While I think Morgan does his best with the material, I find the character more risible than charismatic.
New York Times(Oct 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 可笑的，滑稽的
分布：可笑的(82%)，引人发笑的(18%)
→来自拉丁语 ridere,大笑，嘲笑，词源同 deride,ridiculous.-s,过去分词格. rising 起义，叛乱
爱笑的(ris+ible能笑的→爱笑的)[Rid,ris=laugh,表示"笑"]
【记】ris＝rise升起，ible读：ball－小丑在手里升起球－可笑的
【参】derisive（adj 嘲笑的）ris作为词根表示“笑”。
formal disapproving
adjective
■not effective or useful; stupid 滑稽的；可笑的；令人发笑的
• She's been making risible attempts to learn the trumpet. 她一直在尝试着学吹小号，真是可笑。
adj. 可笑的；爱笑的；引人笑的
 - ridiculous, laughing

Word: regimen
Front: regimen
[ˈredʒɪmən] (托 7909/17435)
Vocabulary: regimen
(once / 3704 pages)
n
A regimen is a systematic plan for some kind of therapy. If your doctor tells you to eat more vegetables, cut out potato chips, exercise, and take vitamins, he is prescribing a regimen for better health.
It's easy to confuse regimen with regime, which means a ruling government. Both words involve things that you follow. If you wash your face twice a day, apply medicine to your acne, and use a special lotion, that's your "skin-care regimen." A skin-care regime would be armed dermatologists taking over the government.
WORD FAMILY
regimen: regimens
USAGE EXAMPLES
A: You might want to add benfotiamine to your regimen.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
There are no shortcuts, and if you're not incorporating some sort of weightlifting/strength training into your regimen, you're setting yourself up to fail.
New York Times(May 02, 2016)
Many would argue that a daily regimen of fresh vegetable juicing is a worthwhile habit to cultivate.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. （为病人规定的）生活规则，养生法; 养生之道
分布：养生法(69%)，生活规则(21%)，训练课程(10%)
→来自拉丁语 regere,统治，管理，词源同 regulate.-men,名词后缀。引申词义养生之道，养生法。
【记】regi统治，men人－统治人生活的规则－养生法
['redʒ.ɪ.mən] formal
noun countable
■any set of rules about food and exercise that someone follows, especially in order to improve their health （尤指为了增进健康的）生活规则，养生之道，养生法
• After his heart attack the doctor put him on a strict regimen. 他的心脏病发作后，医生给他制订了严格的生活规则。
n. [医] 养生法；生活规则；政体；支配
 - government, disposal, ruling

Word: sadistic
Front: sadistic
[sə'dɪstɪk] (宝 15258/18529 -1)
Vocabulary: sadistic
(once / 12248 pages)
adj
If you kick your little brother in the shin and feel a strange sense of enjoyment as you watch him cry, then you’re being sadistic, meaning that you get pleasure from hurting others.
The Marquis de Sade was an 18th century French nobleman who became known for his unusual practices — which included finding pleasure from causing others pain. From the Marquis, we get the word sadism, which is used to describe someone who gets a strange enjoyment out of making others suffer. Someone who is sadistic might feel a cruel thrill from kicking a helpless puppy or making a child cry.
WORD FAMILY
sadistic: sadistically+/ sadism: sadist, sadistic / sadist: sadists
USAGE EXAMPLES
And he said there was a "sadistic element" to the abuse.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
It’s unremittingly gory, but the violence is never sadistic or gratuitous; it’s necessary – the inevitable, inescapable result of the two sides’ conflicting goals.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
The resulting controversy, still smoldering today, seemed irresolvable: Depending on whom you asked, the hunt was either sadistic blood sport or noble tradition.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 虐待狂的
分布：虐待狂的(64%)，残酷成性的(36%)
【记】源于：Sade萨德（1740-1814）法国作家，其著作多描写性变态。Sad＝sit坐，is，tic尖：坐的地方是一个尖儿－性虐待的
ADJ-GRADED
施虐狂的;虐待狂的
A sadistic person obtains pleasure from hurting other people and making them suffer physically or mentally.
例：The prisoners rioted against mistreatment by sadistic guards...囚犯因不堪忍受狱警施虐而发动了暴乱。
例：There was a sadistic streak in him.他有虐待狂的倾向。

Word: rosemary
Front: rosemary
[ˈrəʊzməri] (9074/8156 -1)
Back: n. <植>迷迭香; 罗斯玛丽（女子名）
分布：迷迭香(100%)
→来自中古英语 rosmarine,来自拉丁语 ros marinus,海露花，因生长于海边而得名，来自 ros,露 珠，marinus,海，词源同 marine.后拼写俗化为 rosemary,字面意思即献给圣母玛丽亚的玫瑰。
US ['roʊz.mer.i] noun uncountable
■a bush whose leaves are used to add flavour in cooking and are used in some perfumes, or the leaves themselves 迷叠香；迷叠香叶

Word: remarry
Front: remarry
[ˌri:ˈmæri] (10958/14660 -1)
Vocabulary: remarry
(once / 5597 pages)
v
To remarry is to get married again, after already having been married at least once. Your uncle might remarry at the age of 85, after fifty years of bachelorhood.
Anyone who's been married in the past remarries when they do it again. Some marriages end in divorce, and others end when one of the spouses dies. Even if being married didn't agree with them the first time, many people do decide to remarry. The verb dates from the 1520s, formed by adding re-, or "again," to marry, which originally meant just "to give in marriage," from a Latin root.
WORD FAMILY
remarry: remarriage, remarried, remarries, remarrying+/intermarriage: intermarriages/intermarry: intermarriage, intermarried, intermarries, intermarrying/ marriage: marriageable, marriages/marriageable: marriageability, marriageably/ married: marriedly, marrieds, unmarried/ marry: intermarry, marriage, married, marries, marrying, remarry /remarriage: remarriages
USAGE EXAMPLES
Under the old law, a widow or widower of a veteran would lose their benefit if they remarried at any age.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Her mother died in childbirth when she was just two years old and her father abandoned her when he remarried.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
After her mother remarried a builder and tavern owner, they started a new family.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vi. 再婚
vt. 使再婚
时态：remarried, remarrying, remarries
分布：动词(96%)，名词(4%)
→re-,再，重新，marry,结婚。
US [-'mer-] verb intransitive or transitive
■to marry again 再婚；再娶；再嫁
• After a lengthy and painful divorce, she vowed never to remarry. 经历了一场漫长而痛苦的离婚后，她发誓永不再婚。
• Her mother died in childbirth, and her father remarried when she was a baby. 她母亲死于难产，她的父亲在她还是个婴儿时就再婚了。
• Richard Burton famously remarried Elizabeth Taylor. 很多人都知道理查．伯顿和伊丽莎伯．泰勒的再婚经历。

Word: shalt
Front: shalt
[ʃælt] (-/19967)
Back: shall的第二人称单数现在式
分布：=shall.(100%)
modal verb
thou shalt old use
■you shall
■thou shalt
■used humorously in modern English when talking about people who follow rules exactly when the rules are not very important 胶柱鼓瑟；固步自封（现代英语中的幽默用语，说一些人一丝不苟地遵守的规则其实并不重要；类似汉语中动不动就“子曰”或“诗云”）
• You know what he's like about food - thou shalt not serve red wine with fish. 你知道他对饮食的那些坚持吧－－在吃鱼时千万不要佐以红酒！
v. 应该；将要；必须（shall的第二人称单数现在式）
 - would have, ought to do sth

Word: screenwriter
Front: screenwriter
[ˈskri:nraɪtə(r)] (13565/36817 -1)
Vocabulary: screenwriter
(once / 7524 pages)
n
Someone who writes movie scripts or screenplays is called a screenwriter. A novelist whose book is being made into a film might be hired to be the screenwriter.
Every movie has a script, with lines for the actors to speak and directions for certain camera shots and scene changes. The person who writes the screenplay is the screenwriter. Some big-budget Hollywood films might have several screenwriters who collaborate. The word's been used since the 1920s, from the sense of screen that means "cinema world," or "surface on which a movie is projected."
WORD FAMILY
screenwriter: screenwriters
USAGE EXAMPLES
In due course, Sharp emigrated to the US and built a career as a screenwriter.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
The 34-year-old Hollywood screenwriter’s other credits include “The Sins of Dracula,” “Broadcasting Christmas,” “They Stole the Pope’s Blood!” and “A Christmas in Vermont.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
Star Wars screenwriter Lawrence Kasdan on the past, present and future of 'Star Wars'
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 电影剧本作家; 编剧家
分布：电影剧本作家(50%)，编剧家(50%)
US [-tˌɚ] noun countable
■someone who writes the story for a film 电影剧本作家，电影编剧
n. 编剧家；电影剧本作家
 - scenarist

Word: senatorial
Front: senatorial
[ˌsenə'tɔ:rɪəl] (18338/44223)
Vocabulary: senatorial
(once / 3248 pages)
adj
Anything senatorial relates to senators, who are members of a legislative body. If you are a senatorial candidate, guess what? You are running for the Senate.
If a politician is presidential, it seems like they could serve as the President. A similar word is senatorial, which refers to all aspects of senators and senates. A senatorial election is between two politicians competing for a seat in the U.S. Senate. A senatorial committee is full of senators. Since a senator is in a position of authority, this word sometimes refers to how impressive, serious, or authoritative someone seems.
WORD FAMILY
senatorial: senatorially+/ senator: senatorial, senators, senatorship/senatorship: senatorships
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mikulski understood that she was not exactly senatorial in her appearance.
Washington Post(Dec 12, 2016)
But the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee steered clear of the race.
New York Times(Dec 11, 2016)
In that case, chuckles Senator Roger Wicker, chairman of the National Republican Senatorial Committee, “there would probably be $10bn” pouring in.
Economist(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. 参议院的，参议员的
分布：参议员的(58%)，参议院的(42%)
ADJ
参议院的;与参议院有关的
Senatorial means belonging to or relating to a Senate.
例：He has senatorial experience in defence and foreign policy.他在参议院期间有过国防和外交政策方面的经验。

Word: salesmanship
Front: salesmanship
[ˈseɪlzmənʃɪp] (27159/36122)
Back: n. 推销术; 说服力; 销售
分布：推销(65%)，推销术(35%)
→salesman,销售员，-ship,表状态或行为。
推销术(salesman推销员)[-ship 1.表示某种关系或状态2.表示某种技能]
noun uncountable
■skill in selling 销售术，推销术；销售技巧
• Clever salesmanship can persuade you to buy things you don't really want. 巧妙的销售术能说服你购买自己实际上不想要的东西。
n. [贸易] 推销；推销术；游说术
 - sell, sale promotion

Word: sebastopol

Word: sauna
Front: sauna
[ˈsɔ:nə] (16280/12793 -1)
Vocabulary: sauna
(once / 26621 pages)
n
A sauna is a small therapeutic hot room. Some people use a sauna at the gym or pool, where they sit and relax, enjoying the cleansing heat. If there’s a separate steam room, then the sauna provides dry heat.
In many Scandinavian countries, saunas are very common — in Finland, it's not unusual to have a sauna in or attached to your house. People who enjoy saunas find the steam, usually created by pouring water onto hot rocks, to be very relaxing and to have health benefits as well. The word sauna is Finnish, used to refer to both the structure of the room and the steam bath itself.
WORD FAMILY
sauna: saunas
USAGE EXAMPLES
There is thought to be two million saunas in the country, bringing warmth to a population of 5.4 million.
BBC(Dec 21, 2016)
Hauser, still shivering, eventually walked under his own power to the sauna.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
An indoor swimming pool in the basement is adjacent to a sauna and steam room.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: n. 桑拿浴室，桑拿房; 桑拿，桑拿浴，蒸气浴
分布：桑拿浴(70%)，蒸汽浴(30%)
US ['saʊ-] noun countable
■(a period of time spent in) a room or small building, often with wood fixed to the walls, which is heated to a high temperature, usually with steam 三温暖，蒸汽浴；蒸气室；桑拿室
• have/go for/take a sauna 洗三温暖

Word: suburbanite
Front: suburbanite
[səˈbɜ:bənaɪt] (托 20123/43133)
Back: n. 郊区居民
分布：郊区居民(100%)
→suburban,郊区的，-ite,表相关。
郊区居民(suburb+an+ite)[urb=city,表示"城市"]
US [-'bɝ:-] US
noun countable
■a person who lives in the suburbs of a large town or city 郊区居民

Word: skipper
Front: skipper
[ˈskɪpə(r)] (15190/6288 -2)
Back: n. 船长; 队长; 机长; 跳跃者
vt. 担任船长、球队队长等
时态：skippered, skippering, skippers
分布：船长(57%)，带领(23%)，跳跃者(7%)，弄蝶(7%)，做船长(3%)，针鱼(3%)
→来自荷兰语 scipper,船长，来自 scip,船，词源同 ship.引申词义队长。
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■the captain of a ship or boat, a sports team, or an aircraft 船长；队长；机长
• John is (the) skipper of the cricket team this year. 约翰是今年板球队的队长。
• [as form of address] Ready to go, skipper. 准备就绪，机长。
UK ['skɪp.ər] US [-ɚ] verb transitive
■to be the captain of a boat, team, aircraft, etc. 成为…的船长（或队长、机长）
n. 队长；船长；机长
 - officer, sea captain
vt. 带领；作…的船长（或机长）
 - guide, lead through

Word: sherlock

Word: shekel
Front: shekel
[ˈʃekl] (32761/42502)
Back: n. 古希伯来或巴比伦的衡量单位（或钱币）
分布：=sheqel.(100%)
→来自希伯来语 sheqel,来自 shaqal,称量。词义演变比较 pound,ruble,rupee.
noun
countable
■the standard unit of money used in Israel 雪克尔（以色列标准货币单位）
shekels [plural] slang humorous
■money 钱

Word: supremacist
Front: supremacist
[su:ˈpreməsɪst] (17124/46489)
Back: n. 至上主义者
分布：至上主义者(100%)
→来自 supremacy,至高无上，-ist,人。用于指种族优越论者。
[su:'prem.ə.sɪst] mainly disapproving
noun countable
■someone who believes that a particular type or group of people should lead or have control over other types or groups of people because they believe they are better （某类人或团体）至上主义者
• a white supremacist 白人至上主义者

Word: sunderland

Word: tailspin
Front: tailspin
[ˈteɪlspɪn] (24813/44428)
Back: n. 旋尾降落; 混乱，慌乱
vi. （飞机）打着尾旋坠落
分布：混乱(67%)，失控(22%)，不景气(11%)
noun
countable usually singular
■when a plane turns round and round as it falls quickly towards the ground （飞机的）尾旋，尾螺旋
only singular
■when something starts to fail or lose value and gets more and more out of control 失控状态，混乱
• Share prices went into a tailspin when the President resigned. 总统辞职后，股价直线下跌。
n. 混乱；旋尾降落；慌乱
 - disorder, chaos, confusion, turmoil, involvement

Word: talisman
Front: talisman
[ˈtælɪzmən] (宝 19492/20946)
Vocabulary: talisman
(once / 2346 pages)
n
A talisman is a charm that is supposed to ward off evil or illness. Your rabbit's foot key chain may be your lucky talisman. Of course, it wasn't so lucky for that rabbit.
The word talisman has been around in English since the 1630s and it has roots in both Arabic and Greek words. A talisman is usually worn around the neck but could exist in other forms, like a ring or inscribed stone. You can think of a talisman as a good luck charm, but people tend to take talismans more seriously — as if they are empowered with magic to ward off evil spirits.
WORD FAMILY
talisman: talismanic, talismans+/talismanic: talismanically
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Talisman restaurant in Karen, the neighborhood of Nairobi where Karen Blixen once lived, is a meeting ground for Kenya’s who’s who.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
“They want a talisman that reflects a first baby or a parent passing,” said Ms. Waterman, known for intricate, traditional fine jewelry.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 17, 2016)
Ryder Cup talisman Patrick Reed will keep his European Tour card next season despite failing to play the required number of events to retain membership.
Reuters(Nov 14, 2016)
Back: n. 护身符; 驱邪物; 有不可思议的力量之物; 法宝
分布：护身符(82%)，避邪物(18%)
→来自法语 talisman,护身符，神物，来自希腊语 telesma,仪式，祝圣，来自 telein,履行宗教仪 式，使完成，使圆满，来自 kwel,圈，循环，词源同 cycle,tele-,teleology.字母 t,k 音变。
【记】talis恶毒，man－恶毒的男人要戴护身符
【参】retaliate（v 报复）re反，tali恶毒，ate：返回恶毒－报复
['tæl.ɪz.mən] (plural talismans)
noun countable
■an object believed to bring good luck or to keep its owner safe from harm 护身符；避邪物
n. 护身符；法宝
 - periapt, menat

Word: terai

Word: transcontinental
Front: transcontinental
[ˌtrænzˌkɒntɪˈnentl] (托 21106/42630)
Vocabulary: transcontinental
(once / 7133 pages)
adj
When you fly from New York to California, you can describe your flight as transcontinental, crossing the continent of North America.
Use the adjective transcontinental when something goes from one side of a continent to the other, like the European transcontinental railroad called the Orient Express or an airplane flight across Asia. In the nineteenth century, the First Transcontinental Railroad was built in the United States. As well as being the first railway to cross an entire continent, it also marked the coining of the word transcontinental, from trans, "across," and continental, "of a continent."
WORD FAMILY
transcontinental: transcontinentally+/ continent: continence, continency, continental, continently, continents, incontinent, subcontinent/continental: continentally, intercontinental, transcontinental / incontinence: incontinences/incontinency: incontinencies/ incontinent: incontinence, incontinency, incontinently
USAGE EXAMPLES
With the advent of transcontinental railroads in the 19th century, scientists settled on an 86,400-second-long day.
Time(Dec 30, 2016)
Zika travelled to Brazil, then, as viruses prefer to travel these days—on transcontinental airplanes.
The New Yorker(Aug 15, 2016)
Meanwhile, air-accident investigators said they are also looking into why a relatively short-range aircraft made the transcontinental trip between Santa Cruz, Bolivia, and Medellín.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. 横贯大陆的，大陆那边的，<主加>横穿大路的列车（或铁路）
分布：横贯大陆的(100%)
→tran-,横穿，continent,大陆。
横贯大陆的(trans+continental大陆的)[trans-①表示"横过,越过"②表示"变换,改变,转移"]
US [-kɑ:n-] adjective
■crossing a continent 穿越大陆的
• The transcontinental railway goes from New York to San Francisco. 这条横贯大陆的铁路起点是纽约，终点为旧金山。

Word: trout
Front: trout
[traʊt] (5046/7309 -1)
Back: n. 鲑鳟鱼
v. 钓[捕]鳟鱼
分布：鳟鱼(58%)，鳟鱼肉(42%)
→来自古英语 truht,鲑，鳟鱼，来自拉丁语 tructa,鲑，鳟鱼，可能来自希腊语 troktes,一种海鱼， 来自 trogein,啃，咬，挖洞，来自 ter,转，刮，磨，词源同 turn,troglodyte.因这种鱼生活 于水底泥砂层而得名。
noun
FISH 鱼
countable or uncountable (plural trout or trouts)
■a fish that is a popular food, especially a brown type that lives in rivers and lakes or a silver type that lives in the sea but returns to rivers to reproduce 鲑鱼，鳟鱼
• Thousands of young salmon and trout have been killed by the pollution. 成千上万条大麻哈鱼和鲑鱼的幼鱼因污染而死亡。
• Loch Leven is famous for its trout fishing. 利文湖是以捕鲑鱼而闻名的地方。
uncountable
■the flesh of this fish eaten as food 鲑鱼肉，鳟鱼肉
• I love smoked trout, don't you? 我喜欢吃熏鲑鱼，你呢？
[traʊt] noun
PERSON 人
countable (plural trouts) UK informal
■an old person, especially a woman, who is unpleasant or not attractive 老家伙；（尤指）讨厌的婆娘，恶婆子
• She's a miserable old trout who complains about everything. 她是个令人讨厌、满腹牢骚的老太婆。
n. [鱼] 鲑鱼，鲑鳟鱼
 - salmon, red fish

Word: townsfolk
Front: townsfolk
['taʊnsfəʊk] (23611/23105)
Back: n. 镇民; 市民; 市镇居民; 城里人
分布：市民(77%)，市镇居民(23%)
n. 市民；镇民
 - citizen, municipality

Word: tilbury

Word: tartan
Front: tartan
[ˈtɑ:tn] (23166/12180 -1)
Back: n. 格子呢; 格子图案; 独桅三角帆船
adj. 格子花呢的
分布：花格图案(100%)
→词源不确定，可能来自法语 tartarin,鞑靼布，词源同 Tartar.后用于指格子呢，特别是苏格兰 民族服装格子呢，及格子呢图案，即方格图案。
US ['tɑ:r.ən] noun countable or uncountable
■a pattern of different coloured straight lines crossing each other at 90 degree angles, or a cloth with this pattern 方格花纹（或图案）；格子呢；格子织物
• a tartan kilt （苏格兰高地男子穿的）格子呢褶裥短裙
n. 格子呢（苏格兰）
 - admiralty cloth

Word: twiddle
Front: twiddle
[ˈtwɪdl] (27648/21174)
Back: vt. & vi. （心不在焉地）捻弄
n. 捻弄，摆弄; 转动
时态：twiddled, twiddling, twiddles
分布：旋转(43%)，玩弄(35%)，扭曲(11%)，扭转(11%)
→可能来自拟声词，比较 twaddle,瞎扯，闲聊，无聊，说废话。引申词义无聊的摆弄或捻弄小 物品，如转笔。
verb intransitive or transitive
■to move something repeatedly between your fingers, especially without any purpose （尤指无聊地反覆用手指）摆弄，捻弄，旋弄
• She was twiddling (with) a pencil/her hair. 她在摆弄铅笔／头发玩。
• Twiddle a dial/knob on a radio in Britain and you may hear voices speaking French or German. 在英国，如果旋弄收音机的旋钮，你可能会收听到有人在讲法语或德语。
['twɪd.l] verb intransitive or transitive
twiddle your thumbs
■to do nothing for a period of time, usually while you are waiting for something to happen （等待之际）闲着无聊
• I arrived early for the meeting so I was twiddling my thumbs for half an hour. 我开会来早了，百无聊赖干等了半小时。
['twɪd.l] noun countable
■an act of turning something with the fingers 摆弄，捻弄；旋动，扭动
• At the twiddle of a knob the operators can focus on a tiny amount of airspace or scan the whole area. 只要旋动旋钮，操作者就可局部观察一小块领空，或者扫描整个区域。
vt. 旋弄；抚弄；玩弄；捻起来
 - play fast and loose, toy with
n. 捻；转动
 - wheel, rotary movement

Word: unaided
Front: unaided
[ʌnˈeɪdɪd] (托 20002/18415)
Vocabulary: unaided
(once / 2585 pages)
adj
Anything that's unaided is done without any help. When a child tries to make dessert by himself, he may make an unaided attempt at baking cookies.
Use the adjective unaided to describe something that doesn't require help or assistance. The word often refers to a physical process that you can do on your own, like unaided walking: you don't need crutches, a cane, or people to help you. It can also be used to refer to other forms of assistance. For example, someone may say that a politician was unaided by her speechwriters when composing her acceptance speech.
WORD FAMILY
aided: unaided +/ aid: aided, aiding
USAGE EXAMPLES
The younger ones seemed to fare best, to the point that some regained the ability to walk unaided.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
Cherry appeared to be unconscious after hitting the turf, but eventually walked up the tunnel unaided.
Washington Times(Nov 26, 2016)
The assessors said: "You can prepare and cook a meal unaided."
BBC(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 无外援的，独立的
分布：未受协助的(77%)，独立的(23%)
adjective adverb
■without any help from anyone else; independently 无外援（的）；独立（的）
• Since his accident, he hasn't been able to walk unaided. 自从出了车祸后，他一直不能独自行走。
• The two explorers attempted an unaided walk across the South Pole. 两位探险者试图独自徒步穿越南极点。
adj. 未受协助的；无助的
 - helpless, unassisted

Word: unabashed
Front: unabashed
[ˌʌnəˈbæʃt] (18291/23020)
Vocabulary: unabashed
(once / 3816 pages)
adj
To be unabashed is to be unembarrassed. When you're unabashed, you're confident and proud. You're letting it all hang out.
Unabashed describes how good you feel about something. If you're an unabashed Red Sox fan, you're a proud Red Sox fan. If you're an unabashed patriot, you totally love your country — and wear clothing featuring bald eagles and the American flag. This word is the opposite of abashed, which means embarrassed. If you feel bad about something, then you really can't be unabashed.
WORD FAMILY
unabashed: unabashedly+/ abash: abashed, abashes, abashing, abashment/ abashed: abashedly, unabashed /abashment: abashments
USAGE EXAMPLES
So how did the Norman Rockwell fantasy align with unabashed greed and narcissism?
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
Instead, it’s being released in a time of resurgent, unabashed racism.
The New Yorker(Dec 23, 2016)
Sweden’s latest export is a youthful and vivacious singer-songwriter with unabashed enthusiasm for catchy lyrics and danceable tunes.
Time(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 不害臊的; 不怕羞的; 满不在乎的; 不加掩饰的
分布：不畏惧的(60%)，满不在乎的(20%)，不害躁的(20%)
→un-, 不，非，abashed, 害羞的。
不害臊的(un＋abashed难为情的)[un-①表示"不,无,非,没有"②表示"打开,解开,弄出"]
【记】abash（v 使局促不安；使困窘）
adjective
■without any worry about possible criticism or embarrassment 不怕批评的；不害臊的；不难为情的
• She is to this day unabashed in her patriotism. 她到现在还敢于表达自己的爱国主义立场。
• He is an unabashed capitalist. 他是一个厚脸皮的资本家。
Compare abashed
adj. 不害羞的；不畏惧的；厚脸皮的
 - brazenfaced, thick-skinned

Word: unbundle

Word: undertaker
Front: undertaker
[ˈʌndəteɪkə(r)] (21262/10470 -1)
Vocabulary: undertaker
(once / 2606 pages)
n
An undertaker is someone who prepares a body for burial or cremation. When a loved one dies, you'll have to visit an undertaker.
An undertaker doesn't literally "take you under" after you die, but he or she does prepare your body for burial or cremation and assists a family with all aspects of funeral arrangements. If someone in your family dies, an undertaker can help you decide between burial and cremation. An undertaker can help plan a wake and the details of the funeral service. Undertakers help you select a coffin or urn. Of course, you will be making those choices for someone else — not for yourself.
WORD FAMILY
undertaker: undertakers+/ undertake: undertaken, undertaker, undertakes, undertaking, undertook/ undertaking: undertakings
USAGE EXAMPLES
A local undertaker slipped the body in a random man’s coffin for her.
Time(Dec 27, 2016)
A local undertaker buried the collaborator’s body in the same coffin as another body, she said.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
She credited a local undertaker with helping dispose of the corpse by burying it with another body in a coffin.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 殡仪业人员; 承办人; 承担者
分布：承办人(79%)，殡仪业人员(21%)
US [-dɚˌteɪ.kɚ] (US also mortician)
noun countable
■a person whose job is to prepare dead bodies that are going to be buried or cremated (= burned) and to organize funerals 殡仪员；丧葬承办人

Word: vibrancy
Front: vibrancy
['vaɪbrənsɪ] (宝 23006/26788)
Vocabulary: vibrancy
(once / 52531 pages)
n
When something has vibrancy, it possesses deep and rich sounds. The very best singers bring vibrancy to their performances.
Sounds with vibrancy are strong and resonant. You could describe the echoing sound a gong makes as having vibrancy, or the powerful voices of a large choir singing in unison. The noun vibrancy comes from the adjective vibrant, which means "strong and resonating" or "full of enthusiasm and energy." In the 1550's, vibrant meant "agitated," from a Latin root of vibrantem, "swaying to and fro." There's a strong connection between vibrancy and vibrate, or "resonate."
WORD FAMILY
vibrancy: vibrancies+/ vibrate: vibrancy, vibrated, vibrates, vibrating, vibration, vibrator, vibratory/ vibration: vibrational, vibrations/vibrator: vibrators
USAGE EXAMPLES
In 2017 and beyond, we will be seeing cultural projects as urban projects – ones that engage with cities and their unrestrained, slightly messy, vibrancy.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Every photograph in the series contains signs of both vibrancy and decay.
The New Yorker(Dec 17, 2016)
“Our work really showcases the city as a great place to live and play. It’s creating vibrancy and empowering the people that are here.”
Washington Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. 振动; 振响; 活跃; 活力
分布：振动(62%)，生气勃勃(23%)，鲜艳(15%)
n. 振动；活力
 - energy, vitality, spring, vigor, oscillation

Word: unquestioned
Front: unquestioned
[ʌnˈkwestʃənd] (18205/19293)
Back: adj. 不成为问题的，无疑问的
分布：无可争议的(100%)
adjective
■accepted as true or right by everyone, or trusted and respected by everyone 不被怀疑的；公认的；无可争议的
• He's the unquestioned leader in his field (= no one would say that he is not the leader). 他在他那个领域是无可争议的带头人。
adj. 无争议的；不成问题的；无需调查的
 - unchallenged, unproblematic

Word: waistline
Front: waistline
[ˈweɪstlaɪn] (19954/33496)
Back: n. 腰围; （衣服的）腰身部分
分布：腰围(86%)，腰身部分(14%)
noun countable
■an imaginary line going round the narrowest part of your waist 腰围；腰围线
• a bulging/expanding waistline 日益变粗／逐渐变大的腰围
• She started jogging twice a week to try to reduce her waistline. 她开始一周慢跑两次，希望能瘦腰。
n. [服装] 腰围；腰身部分
 - waist circumference, waist girth

Word: usury
Front: usury
[ˈju:ʒəri] (宝 29379/34482)
Vocabulary: usury
(once / 3033 pages)
n
Usury means lending money at exorbitant interest rates. Credit-card companies charging annual interest rates of 29% are guilty of usury, as far as I'm concerned.
A good way to remember the meaning of usury is that you can hear the word use in there. Think of charging too much interest as a way of "using" someone. The sad thing about high interest is that it's always the people who can least afford it who are charged rates so high that it amounts to usury. In the old days, if someone was found guilty of usury, they'd be flogged in the town square. Too bad the credit-card companies can't be dragged out of their holes, because they'd surely get a similar beating.
WORD FAMILY
usury: usuries, usurious+/usurious: usuriously
USAGE EXAMPLES
Pensioner Mr. Lacriola learned that lesson the hard way as he kept losing and eventually turned to a usury racket for funds to play.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 11, 2016)
That’s why other states’ usury laws don’t apply, and why interest rates can soar without warning.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 10, 2016)
That 36 percent figure is also in line with the statutory cap for loans to active-duty military personnel and some state usury laws.
New York Times(Oct 20, 2016)
Back: n. 高利（贷），高利剥削; <喻>利益; 高利贷
分布：高利(50%)，高利贷(50%)
→来自use,使用，利用，引申义放高利贷。
【记】usu＝use，ry－用钱生钱－高利贷
US [-ʒɚ.i] formal disapproving
noun uncountable
■the activity of lending someone money with the agreement that they will pay back a very much larger amount of money later 放高利贷
n. [金融] 高利；高利贷；利益
 - behalf, sake, benefit, profit, advantage

Word: activation
Front: activation
[ˌæktɪ'veɪʃn] (12945/9314)
Vocabulary: activation
(once / 31858 pages)
n
Use the noun activation to describe the process of turning on or starting something, or energizing someone. A missing cat might inspire the activation of a neighborhood search party.
The activation of a school policy to combat bullying both starts the program up and inspires people to get involved with it. You could also talk about the gradual activation of your sleepy puppy as she wakes up and gets going. Activation comes from the same root as the adjective active, the Latin actus, "a doing, a driving, or an impulse."
WORD FAMILY
activation: activations+/ act: actable, acted, acting, action, active, actor, actress, acts, actuate, counteract, enact, interact, overact, underact/actable: unactable/acting: actings, self-acting/ action: actionable, actioned, actions, inaction/ activate: activated, activates, activating, activation, activator, deactivate, reactivate /activating: self-activating/activator: activators/ active: activate, actively, activeness, activer, actives, activest, activity, hyperactive, inactive, overactive, underactive/ activity: activities/ actor: actors/actress: actresses/ actuate: actuated, actuates, actuating, actuation, actuator/actuator: actuators/counteract: counteracted, counteracting, counteraction, counteractive, counteracts/counteraction: counteractions/deactivate: deactivated, deactivates, deactivating, deactivation/ enact: enacted, enacting, enactment, enacts, reenact/enactment: enactments/ hyperactive: hyperactively, hyperactivity/inaction: inactions/inactivate: inactivated, inactivates, inactivating, inactivation/ inactive: inactivate, inactively, inactiveness, inactivity / inactivity: inactivities/ interact: interacted, interacting, interaction, interactive, interacts/ interaction: interactional, interactions/ interactive: interactively/overact: overacted, overacting, overacts/overacting: overactings/overactive: overactivity/ reactivate: reactivated, reactivates, reactivating/reenact: reenacted, reenacting, reenactment, reenacts/ reenactment: reenactments/underact: underacted, underacting, underacts
USAGE EXAMPLES
Facebook’s activation of the feature sowed confusion, however, because the platform also promoted a link to a false news report of a major “explosion”.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
Police say they responded to the activation of a robbery alarm at the store and a call about shots being fired.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
This disrupts the pattern of activation and deactivation in the brain’s circuits that enables normal hearing.
Nature(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 活化，激活，[化]活化作用; 致活
分布：激活(99%)，催化作用(1%)
VERB
使运作；使起作用；激活
If a device or process is activated, something causes it to start working.
例：Video cameras with night vision can be activated by movement.带夜视镜的摄像机一有动静就会启动。
例：...a voice-activated computer.声控电脑

Word: wondrous
Front: wondrous
[ˈwʌndrəs] (12808/19217 -1)
Vocabulary: wondrous
(once / 575 pages)
adjadv
The adjective wondrous is a great word to use when you're describing something amazing or delightful. You could talk about the wondrous view of the ocean from the cliffs where you're standing.
There's a hint of magic and awe about the word wondrous. It describes things that inspire wonder, like a wondrous imaginary land or a wondrous display of beautiful, elaborate cakes at a pastry shop. The root is the Old English wundor, "marvelous thing, or object of astonishment." Wondrous is tricky to spell because it's missing the e in wonder.
WORD FAMILY
wondrous: wondrously+/ wonder: wondered, wonderer, wonderful, wondering, wonderment, wonders, wondrous /wonderer: wonderers/ wonderful: wonderfulest, wonderfully, wonderfulness/wondering: wonderingly/ wonderment: wonderments
USAGE EXAMPLES
The winger’s first goal of the game was a wondrous 25-yard effort but his second was even better.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Among these is the wondrous presence of curious, artful, inventive humanity.
Slate(Dec 26, 2016)
But rather than honoring his wondrous emotional range, I want to propose something counterintuitive.
Slate(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 奇妙的; 令人惊奇的; 非常的
adv. 惊人地; 异乎寻常地; 令人惊叹地
分布：令人惊奇的(62%)，非常的(38%)
→来自wonder的形容词。
['wʌn.drəs] literary
adjective
■extremely and surprisingly good 极棒的，绝妙的
• a wondrous sight/sound/thing 绝妙的景色／天籁之音／绝妙的东西
• Our new improved face cream has wondrous effects on tired-looking skin. 我们新改良的面霜对有倦容的皮肤有神奇的效果。
adj. 奇妙的；令人惊奇的；非常的
 - intense, supercalifragilisticexpialidocious

Word: workaholic
Front: workaholic
[ˌwɜ:kəˈhɒlɪk] (19737/24629 -1)
Vocabulary: workaholic
(once / 32471 pages)
n
A workaholic is someone who can't stop working. Workaholics are obsessed with working to an unhealthy degree.
Just as an alcoholic has an unhealthy addiction to alcohol, workaholics have an unhealthy addiction to work. Wanting to work all the time might sound like a harmless desire, but for some people it's a real problem. A workaholic goes to work early and stays late. A workaholic might have trouble relaxing. Many workaholics neglect their families and friends because all they care about is work. Workaholics take a good thing — working — too far.
WORD FAMILY
workaholic: workaholics, workaholism
USAGE EXAMPLES
A workaholic, Ban traveled more than any of his predecessors on U.N. business.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Livingston had a reputation as a workaholic and taskmaster.
Washington Post(Nov 30, 2016)
Then, when he was home, the notoriously workaholic Kanye “would be up all night ranting about things,” the source said.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 工作狂; 专心工作的人; 醉心于工作的人; 为免遭辞退而工作过份卖力的人
adj. 醉心于工作的
分布：工作狂(98%)，闲不下来的人(2%)
→work,工作，-aholic,发狂，着迷，来自alcoholic.
US [ˌwɝ:.kə'hɑ:.lɪk] noun countable
■a person who works a lot of the time and finds it difficult not to work 工作狂
• A self-confessed workaholic, Tony Richardson can't remember when he last had a holiday. 承认自己是工作狂的托尼．理查森都记不起上次休假是甚么时候了。

Word: zain

Word: alderman
Front: alderman
[ˈɔ:ldəmən] (17294/16462)
Back: n. 市府参事，市议员
分布：总督(75%)，市参议员(25%)
→alder, 老的，old的比较级。指古时候部落宗族都由老人当政。比较senator, 参议员，原指老人。
市政议员[ald=old(老)]
US ['ɑ:l.dɚ-] noun countable
■in Britain, in the past, a member of a local government chosen by the other members （英国旧时的）高级市政官
■in the US, Australia and Canada, an elected member of a city government （美国、澳大利亚和加拿大的）市政委员会委员
n. 市议员；总督；市府参事；高级市政官
 - dey, doge

Word: alms
Front: alms
[ɑ:mz] (宝 23266/-)
Vocabulary: alms
(once / 1332 pages)
n
Alms are money, food, or similar items given to the poor as a charitable act. The word isn't used much today, but in movies set in the 1800s or earlier, you'll likely see street beggars shouting, "Alms for the poor!"
The word alms comes from the Greek word eleemosyne, which means "compassion or pity," and is itself from the word eleos, which means "mercy." Related words include almshouse (a poorhouse), almsman (someone who receives charitable alms), and alms chest (a box in a church used for the purpose of collecting money for the poor). None of these words are very common today.
WORD FAMILY
alms
USAGE EXAMPLES
Paige Alms, a surfer from Hawaii, won the competition.
New York Times(Nov 12, 2016)
Paige Alms, a surfer from Hawaii, also had a few humbling wipeouts, but won the competition.
The Guardian(Nov 11, 2016)
“This is really an active adult facility,” said Amanda Alms, general manager of The Summit.
New York Times(Nov 11, 2016)
Back: n. 救济金，施舍物
分布：救济品(78%)，名词alm的复数形式(22%)
→词源不详。
【记】发音酷似阿门。你在向和尚施舍、救济一些东西的时候经常会听到这两个字。这种方法比较牵强，但总比没有好。
[ɑ:mz] old use
plural noun
■clothing, food or money that is given to poor people （给予穷人的）施舍物，救济品，救济金
• In the past, people thought it was their religious duty to give alms to the poor. 从前，人们认为施舍穷人是在尽宗教义务。
n. 捐献；救济物，施舍金
 - contribution, subscription

Word: bandage
Front: bandage
[ˈbændɪdʒ] (高研六雅宝 9428/10433 -K1)
Vocabulary: bandage
(once / 670 pages)
nv
A bandage is a piece of tape or cloth that's used to slow the flow of blood from a cut or another wound. Any good first aid kit is equipped with plenty of bandages.
A bandage can vary from being a tiny plastic strip you stick on the spot where your cat scratched you to a thick, wide cloth that's applied to a serious injury at a hospital. You can also use it as a verb: "If I were you, I'd bandage that skinned knee so it doesn't get dirty." Bandage is a Middle French word, from the Old French bander, "to bind," and ultimately bande, "a strip."
WORD FAMILY
bandage: bandaged, bandages, bandaging+/bandaging: bandagings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Also, some casinos want to start online gambling sites and lawmakers want to squeeze more money from gambling to bandage the state’s deficit-ridden finances.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
“I miss school,” said the slender Abdul-Hameed as a nurse changed his bandages — minutes before he heard of his father’s death.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
I found a doctor in the camp who bandaged it.
The Guardian(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: n. 绷带
vt. 用绷带绑扎
时态：bandaged, bandaging, bandages
分布：绷带(90%)，用绷带包扎(10%)
n.绷带v.用绷带扎缚The surgeon bandages up his injured leg.外科医生把他受伤的腿扎起来.
noun countable or uncountable (US also gauze)
 ADVANCED
■a long narrow piece of cloth which is tied around an injury or a part of someone's body that has been hurt 绷带
['bæn.dɪdʒ] verb transitive
■to tie a bandage around an injury or part of someone's body, or put bandages on someone or something 用绷带包扎（伤口或某人的身体部位）
• You ought to bandage (up) that cut. 你应该用绷带把伤口包扎起来。
• the dog's bandaged paw 小狗的爪扎着绷带
n. [医] 绷带
 - fascia, ligature

Word: apogee
Front: apogee
[ˈæpədʒi:] (宝 24484/25101)
Vocabulary: apogee
(once / 19064 pages)
n
For an object in orbit around the earth, the apogee is the point that is highest or furthest from the earth. Early satellites had low apogees, so it wasn’t long before they burnt up in the atmosphere.
Apogee comes from two Greek words meaning “away” and “earth,” so it’s specific to things orbiting the earth. If you’re talking about something orbiting the sun, the equivalent word is aphelion (“away” + “sun”). Because apogee denotes the highest point something reaches in an orbit before falling back, it can also figuratively refer to other highs. For example, "Child stars sometimes reach their apogee by 20, and there's nowhere to go but down from there."
WORD FAMILY
apogee: apogean, apogees
USAGE EXAMPLES
ObamaCare, as symbol and actuality, may be the apogee of modern liberalism’s politics of hope as mostly messaging.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 21, 2016)
The penthouse spans the 22nd, 23rd and 24th floors of the Apogee, a waterfront condo tower at the southern tip of Miami Beach.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 01, 2016)
Instead, the supermoon really shines when it is compared with the full moon at apogee, or its farthest position from Earth.
New York Times(Nov 11, 2016)
Back: n. 最高点; 远地点; 最远点
分布：远地点(58%)，最高点(36%)，顶点(6%)
→前缀apo-, 离开，远离。词根ge, 地，见geology, 地质学。
【记】apo远，gee＝geo地球－远离地球－远地点
【参】geology（n 地质学）
【反】perigee（n 近地点）
['æp.ə.dʒi:] formal
noun only singular
■the most successful, popular or powerful point （成功、流行、权力等的）顶峰，顶点，最高点
• At their apogee, the novels of Spillane claimed worldwide sales of over 180 million. 在史毕兰的小说最为风靡之时，其全球销售量超过1.8亿册。
n. [军] 最高点，极点； [天] [航] 远地点
 - peak, pole

Word: apron
Front: apron
[ˈeɪprən] (高宝 8084/8011 -1)
Vocabulary: apron
(once / 618 pages)
1n 2n 3n 4n
An apron is something you wear over your clothes to protect them from the mess you make while you're cooking. Some aprons tie around your waist, while others cover your entire torso.
Bakers, chefs, and butchers often wear aprons to keep their clothing clean. It was once common for maids, waitresses, and women cooking at home to wear aprons, while today both men and women wear them. You can also use the word apron to describe the area where a plane is stored or refueled, or the part of a theater stage in front of the curtain. The Old French root is naperon, "small table cloth."
WORD FAMILY
apron: aprons
USAGE EXAMPLES
She’s also intrigued by the WWI dress, the “Hoover apron.”
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
The ferry then pulled away prematurely from the dock, damaging the apron.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Another ad on a company website features a white woman wearing pearls and an apron.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 围裙; [航] 停机坪; [机]（防护）挡板; 舞台口
vt. 用围裙围住; 围绕
分布：围裙(77%)，停机坪(17%)，台口(5%)，遮挡板(1%)
→来自短语a napron 错分为an apron. 古英语napron, 布，同map, mop.
【记】读：April（n 四月）天气热了，改穿裙子了。
noun countable
CLOTHING 衣服
■a piece of clothing that you wear over the front of other clothes to keep the clothes clean while you are doing something dirty, such as cooking or cleaning in the house 围裙
['eɪ.prən] noun countable
AIRPORT 机场
■the part of an airport in which aircraft are turned around or goods are put onto them 停机坪
['eɪ.prən] noun countable
THEATRE 剧院 (also apron stage)
■part of a stage in a theatre that is in front of the curtain （舞台）台口
n. [轻] 围裙； [航] 停机坪；舞台口
 - sarong, pinafore
vt. 着围裙于；围绕
 - enclose, enring

Word: botanical
Front: botanical
[bəˈtænɪkl] (高托 10006/12570 -1)
Vocabulary: botanical
(once / 2491 pages)
adjn
Use the adjective botanical to describe something that has to do with plants. You might call your illustrated book of New England ferns and mosses a botanical guide.
Botanical research involves the study of plants, and a botanical scientist — or botanist — has focused her career on learning about plants. If there are botanical substances in your favorite soda, it means that in addition to sugar and chemicals, there are plant ingredients too. Botanical comes from botanic, which has its root in the Greek word botanikos, "of herbs."
WORD FAMILY
botanical: botanicals+/botanic: botanically/botanise: botanised, botanises, botanising/ botanist: botanists/botanize: botanized, botanizes, botanizing/ botany: botanic, botanical, botanies, botanise, botanist, botanize
USAGE EXAMPLES
Twenty one years later, his discovery was recognized in a paper recently published by the California Botanical Society’s publication Madrono.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Eventually, their botanical product line grew to include 15 items, ranging from creams to toners to bath salts.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
“Every year, it’s more popular,” said Henry Cabrera, the botanical garden’s associate vice president for visitor experience.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 植物学的
分布：植物的(53%)，植物学的(41%)，植物制剂(6%)
植物学的(botany植物学+ical)[-ical表形容词"…的"]
[bə'tæn.ɪ.kəl] (also botanic)
adjective
■involving or relating to plants or the study of plants 植物（学）的，和植物（学）有关的
• a botanical print 植物图片
• botanical/botanic gardens 植物园
• Several new botanical species have been discovered in the last year. 过去的一年里发现了几种新的植物。
adj. 植物学的
 - phytological

Word: biodegradable
Front: biodegradable
[ˌbaɪəʊdɪˈgreɪdəbl] (19358/24397)
Vocabulary: biodegradable
(once / 68717 pages)
adj
If something is biodegradable, it can decompose naturally. When you're out camping, you shouldn't leave anything behind and certainly nothing that isn't biodegradable. A plastic bottle is the antithesis of biodegradable — it will be there forever.
When you think environmentally friendly, you're thinking biodegradable, and truly environmentally friendly substances degrade quickly into harmless components. What makes something biodegradable is that the decomposition is done by means of living organisms, such as bacteria. When you put earthworms into your compost, they're the living organisms that are assisting you with the decomposition.
WORD FAMILY
biodegrade: biodegradable, biodegrades
USAGE EXAMPLES
Demand also is on the rise for so-called “green burials,” in which no embalming is done and biodegradable burial materials are used.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The person being buried must not be embalmed and should be clad in light, biodegradable clothing.
BBC(Dec 18, 2016)
Gray said the trees are grown on farms specifically to be cut down - and unlike artificial trees, are biodegradable.
Washington Times(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: adj. 能进行生物降解的，能起生物递解分解作用的
分布：生物所能分解的(100%)
US [-oʊ-] adjective
■able to decay naturally and in a way that is not harmful 能进行生物降解的；可行生物分解的
• Biodegradable packaging helps to limit the amount of harmful chemicals released into the atmosphere. 可生物分解的包装有助减少排放到大气层中的有害化学物质数量。

Word: cant
Front: cant
[kænt] (宝 28260/24482)
Vocabulary: cant
(once / 952 pages)
1n 2nv 3n 4n
Cant is language repeated so often and so mechanically that it's essentially empty of meaning. Cant can also mean the specialized jargon of a particular group — like the "cant of piracy" (e.g., Ahoy! Lubber! Arrr!).
Possible sources for cant exist in both Irish Gaelic and Latin, and the meanings of both are similar: caint is "speech," while cantare is "to sing." In broader English, the word was first used to mock the singing of monks (who makes fun of monks?). As it evolved, cant became the whining of beggars and then the secret language of thieves, and the negative connotations persist in modern usage. Just think of the clichés and catchphrases parroted by politicians during election season!
WORD FAMILY
cant: canted, canting, cants, recant +/ recant: recantation, recanted, recanting, recants/recantation: recantations
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Social importance” was just the kind of cant he deplored.
The New Yorker(Dec 04, 2016)
“You cant’ grow your economy without having more workers,” Fuller said.
Washington Post(Nov 25, 2016)
“We cant be throwing grenades at people who are peacefully protesting,” he said at a news conference Tuesday.
Time(Nov 22, 2016)
Back: n. 倾斜; （下层社会的）黑话; 斜面; 言不由衷的话
vi. 斜穿; 使用黑话（或行话等）; 说言不由衷的话
vt. 使具有斜面; 使倾斜; 将…斜掷出去; 猛扔
adj. 黑话的; 有斜面的; 斜穿的
级别：canter, cantest
分布：倾斜(33%)，斜面(23%)，黑话(23%)，伪善之言(9%)，倾斜的(3%)，伪善地说(3%)，斜角(3%)，说术语(3%)
→1.伪善言辞，词源同chant, 唱，吟唱。
术语;暗语(唱出来的话→暗语)[cant,cent=sing,song,表示"唱,歌"]
【记】cant作为词根：歌，歌唱的读：砍他－黑社会的语言－黑话cant＝can’t不能听懂的话－黑话
noun uncountable
■statements on especially religious or moral subjects which are not sincerely believed by the person making them （尤指关于宗教或道德话题的）假话，空话，伪善言语
• Shelley's friendship with Byron was rooted in their shared contempt for cant and hypocrisy. 雪莱和拜伦的友谊源于他们均蔑视假话空话和伪善行为。
■special words used by a particular group of people such as thieves, lawyers or priests, often in order to keep things secret 行话，黑话，隐语
n. 斜面；伪善之言；黑话；角落
 - decline, corner
vi. 倾斜；讲黑话
 - pitch, slope, lean
vt. 把…棱角去掉；使…倾斜；甩掉
 - fling off, spin off
adj. 行话的；哀诉声的；假仁假义的
 - holier-than-thou

Word: caudillo
Front: caudillo
[kɔ:'di:ljəʊ] (38915/-)
Back: n. （西班牙语系国家的）元首，领袖
分布：领袖(100%)
n. 元首，领袖
 - Fuehrer, Fuhrer

Word: bisexual
Front: bisexual
[ˌbaɪˈsekʃuəl] (12468/23123 -1)
Back: adj. 两性的; 雌雄同体的; 双性恋的
n. 雌雄同体; 两性人
分布：两性的(56%)，雌雄同体的(44%)
→前缀bi-, 二。sex, 性。
noun countable
■a person who is attracted to both men and women 双性恋者 Compare heterosexual ; homosexual
adj. [生物] 两性的；雌雄同体的
 - hermaphroditic, amphoteric

Word: blanch
Front: blanch
[blɑ:ntʃ] (宝 16503/21165 -1)
Vocabulary: blanch
(once / 1727 pages)
1v 2v
To blanch is to turn pale, usually as the result of a physical or psychological shock. Nineteenth century literary heroines were frequently blanching — before they fainted, that is.
Blanch has also taken on the more general meaning of to cause shock in general. A government can blanch at following through a particular reform, without the implication that an entire cabinet actually turned white. You can blanch an inanimate object, too, when you deprive it of its natural color. White toilet paper has been blanched by using bleach, for example, though environmentalists blanch at the thought.
WORD FAMILY
blanch: blanched, blanches, blanching
USAGE EXAMPLES
Or blanch the greens quickly and sauté, using as a simple side or adding last minute to mains or even pizzas.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
But my friend, meeting me at a Hilton in Tokyo, blanched when he saw me.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
The next morning, the woman’s husband arrived at the hospital, enveloped in the same diffuse, blanching rash.
The New Yorker(Aug 15, 2016)
Back: vt. 使变白; 使（植物）不见阳光而变白; [冶]酸洗（金属）使有光泽; [烹]用沸水煮白
vi. 漂白; 发白; 变白
adj. 漂白的; 银白色的
时态：blanched, blanching, blanches
分布：漂白(75%)，烫洗(25%)
→同blank，白的。
漂白,发白(blanc的变体)[blanc=white表示"白"]
【记】1）blanc白－脸色变白2）读：不烂吃。烂吃就是什么都吃，容易发胖。但是，不烂吃就是什么都不吃，容易脸色苍白。
【参】blank（adj 空白的；n 空白处）；bleach（v 漂白）
US [blæntʃ] verb
PALE 苍白的
intransitive
■to turn pale 变白，变苍白
• While most people would blanch at the prospect of so much work, Daniels seems to enjoy it. 面对这么多工作大多数人会吓得脸色发白，而丹尼尔却似乎乐此不疲。
transitive
■to make a plant pale by covering it up so that the light does not reach it as it grows 使（植物）不见阳光而变白
UK [blɑ:ntʃ] US [blæntʃ] verb
BOIL 煮
transitive
■to put vegetables or similar foods into boiling water for a few minutes to make them white, remove the skins, get rid of strong flavours, or prepare them for freezing 焯（把蔬菜等放入沸水中略煮一下）；烫煮
• blanched almonds 烫过的杏仁
vt. 漂白；使变白
 - snow, bleach out
vi. 漂白；发白；变白
 - bleach out, go white
adj. 漂白的；银白色的
 - bleaching, whited

Word: concubine
Front: concubine
[ˈkɒŋkjubaɪn] (23102/24019)
Vocabulary: concubine
(once / 3464 pages)
n
Throughout history, there have been instances when it was considered acceptable for an important man to keep a woman, not his wife, as a mistress. These women were called concubines, and they often were treated better than the man’s wife.
The word concubine comes from the Latin verb, cubare, which means "to lie down." The word developed in Middle English in the 13th Century, and is another name for a woman taken as a mistress. The practice was common throughout history: the Bible includes many references to concubines, and in ancient China, a ruler might have had thousands of concubines, some treated well, some like prostitutes. Sad to say, the practice is still going on, acceptable in some countries today.
WORD FAMILY
concubine: concubines
USAGE EXAMPLES
After 1950 concubines were outlawed and infidelity deemed a bourgeois vice.
Economist(Nov 30, 2016)
"Non-Muslim women can be taken as concubines," according to the leaflet.
Reuters(Nov 01, 2016)
As the four Kong brothers and their equally ambitious wives and concubines steer Explosion from obscure mountain village to seething mega-city, pride swells into megalomania.
Economist(Oct 13, 2016)
Back: n. 妾，妃子
分布：妾(49%)，姨太太(30%)，情妇(13%)，妃子(8%)
→con-, 强调。-cub, 躺，睡，词源同incubus, succubus.
情妇,妾(con共同+cub+ine→一起躺着的人→情妇)[cub,cumb=liedown,表示"躺";cumber=barrier,表示"躺的东西,障碍"]
情妇(con共同+cub睡+ine)[-ine 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人或女人"3.表名词"状态,药物等"]
US ['kɑ:n-] noun countable
■a woman who, in some societies, lives and has sex with a man she is not married to, and has a lower social rank than his wife or wives 妾，姨太太，小老婆
n. 妾；情妇；姘妇
 - mistress, kept woman

Word: clatter
Front: clatter
[ˈklætə(r)] (六 13632/12567 -1)
Back: vt. & vi. 发出咔哒声; 嘁嘁喳喳地说笑; 使卡搭卡搭的响
n. 哗啦声; 嘁嘁喳喳的谈笑声; 咔哒声
时态：clattered, clattering, clatters
分布：嘈杂的谈笑声(19%)，哗啦声(18%)，咔嗒声(18%)，发出哗啦声(18%)，使发出咔嗒声(9%)，咔嗒咔嗒响(9%)，喧闹地谈笑(9%)
→拟声词。-er,表反复。
US ['klætˌ.ɚ] verb intransitive or transitive
■to make continuous loud noises by hitting hard objects against each other, or to cause objects to do this （使）发出响亮的撞击声；（使）哐啷作响
• Don't clatter the dishes - you'll wake the baby up. 别把碗碟碰得叮当响——会把宝宝吵醒的。
• He was clattering away on his old typewriter. 他在那台旧打字机上哢嗒哢嗒打东西。

Word: compost
Front: compost
[ˈkɒmpɒst] (宝 6156/8153 -2)
Vocabulary: compost
(once / 5390 pages)
nv
Compost is organic matter like orange peels and coffee grinds mixed together and left to decay, usually in a compost pile, then used as fertilizer. To make such a mixture is to compost.
To compost is to make a mixture of organic matter, such as manure and leftover food, and leave it somewhere like a compost pile in the back yard or in a bucket with a tight lid in the kitchen. The mixture is also called compost, and after it sits and decays for a while, voila! It turns into fertilizer that makes the soil rich and the plants happy.
WORD FAMILY
compost: composted, composting, composts
USAGE EXAMPLES
But be warned, you must vacate by Jan. 8, "when the property is scheduled to be composted."
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
If you’re a gardener who composts, bring a container and dip into a box on the porch labeled “free coffee grounds.”
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
During the same time, recycling and composting grew by 2 percent, or 11,790 tons.
Washington Times(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: n. 堆肥; 混合，合成
vt. 施堆肥; 把（蔬菜等）制成堆肥
时态：composted, composting, composts
分布：堆肥(87%)，混合肥料(12%)，使成堆肥(1%)
→com-, 强调。-pos, 放置，词源同opponent, position. 即把腐叶等放在一起发酵成肥料的。
US ['kɑ:m.poʊst] noun uncountable
■decaying plant material which is added to soil to improve its quality 混合肥料；堆肥
n. [肥料] 堆肥；混合物
 - mixture, hybrid, mix

Word: collage
Front: collage
[ˈkɒlɑ:ʒ] (宝 11120/15948 -1)
Vocabulary: collage
(once / 11376 pages)
n
Have you ever cut out a bunch of pictures from magazines and pasted them together to make a big picture? If you have, you have made a collage.
Collage came to English through French from the Greek word for glue, kolla, about 100 years ago. A collage is not only made from magazine pictures. In the world of fine art, it refers to a work made with various small objects sometimes with paint sometimes without. The word can also be used to mean a collection of different things. If it's very loud in your house, you might come home to a collage of sounds from the dog, the TV, your mom on the phone and your brother on the guitar. Years after you graduate, high school might just seem like a collage of memories.
WORD FAMILY
collage: collages
USAGE EXAMPLES
In lesser hands, that might add up to a distracting collage, but in Min’s and Day’s, the result is both dazzling and cohesive.
Slate(Dec 30, 2016)
People ask where I get my collage materials even though it’s all paint.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
He’s now got 82 people on the collage.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 拼贴画; 大杂烩; 拼贴艺术
vt. 拼贴; 把…创作成拼贴画
vi. 制作拼贴
分布：拼贴(76%)，拼贴画(22%)，杂烩(2%)
→coll, 胶，词源同cling, glue, 指粘到一起的画。
【记】college（n 学院）collage是college的一门课程
US ['kɑ:.lɑ:ʒ] noun countable or uncountable
■(the art of making) a picture in which various materials or objects, for example paper, cloth or photographs, are stuck onto a larger surface 拼贴画；拼贴艺术
• The children made a collage of postcards. 孩子用明信片制作了一幅拼贴画。
Compare assemblage

Word: chihuahua
Front: chihuahua
[tʃəˈwɑːwə] (30844/45062)
Back: n. 奇瓦瓦狗
分布：名词(100%)
→来产自墨西哥Chihuahua而得名。
noun countable
■a very small dog with large eyes and smooth hair 吉娃娃狗（一种眼大、毛滑的小狗）

Word: denude
Front: denude
[dɪˈnju:d] (宝 26214/32629)
Vocabulary: denude
(once / 3569 pages)
v
When you denude something, you expose it by taking away what covers or protects it. Loggers who clearcut forests denude them of all trees.
There are both natural and human-related ways to denude a piece of land or an area of the earth's surface. The erosion of sea water on the coast can denude beaches and coastlines, eroding and wearing them away. Pesticides used on large farms can denude entire regions of honey bees. The word comes from a Latin root, denudare, "to lay bare, strip, or expose," from de-, "away," and nudare, "to strip."
WORD FAMILY
denude: denudate, denudation, denuded, denudes, denuding+/denudate: denudated, denudating/denudation: denudations/ nude: denude, nudely, nudeness, nuder, nudes, nudism, nudity, seminude/nudism: nudist/nudist: nudists/nudity: nudities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Denuding regional authorities of their powers will deny local communities the chance to oppose new infrastructure programs like power stations or highways, they say.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 03, 2016)
After eight years in power, their party looks denuded of top-level talent.
Economist(Nov 10, 2016)
Set on a denuded but gloriously intricate spaceship that’s been overrun by something nightmarish, you’re trying to make sense of what’s happened, and why.
Time(Sep 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 使赤裸; 剥光覆盖物
时态：denuded, denuding, denudes
分布：剥光(75%)，剥蚀(25%)
→de-, 向下，离开。nude, 裸体的。即使裸体，裸露。
【记】de使得，nude＝naked赤裸的一脱去
【参】nudism（n 裸体主义）；nudity（n 裸体）
【反】cover（v 覆盖）
US [-'nu:d] verb transitive
■to remove the covering of something, especially land 使（尤指土地）裸露，使光秃
• The countryside has been denuded by war. 战争导致乡间一片荒芜。
• Drought and years of heavy grazing by sheep have completely denuded the hills of grass. 由于干旱和羊群的连年啃食，山上已是寸草不生。
■to remove a valuable possession or quality 夺走，夺去
• Any further cuts in the country's armed forces would leave its defences dangerously denuded. 进一步裁军将使该国的国防处于毫无还击之力的危险境地。
vt. 剥夺；使裸露
 - shear, strip of

Word: defenceless
Front: defenceless
[dɪˈfensləs] (-/14878)
Back: adj. <主英>无防御的; 无保护的; 不能自卫的; 无助的
分布：无防御的(75%)，无保护的(25%)
(US defenseless) [dɪ'fent.sləs] UK
adjective
■describes people, animals, places or things that are weak and unable to protect themselves from attack 没有防卫能力的，不能自卫的
• a small defenceless child 毫无自卫能力的小孩
• a defenceless city 没有防卫能力的城市
• They were quite defenceless against the enemy bombs. 面对敌人的轰炸，他们几乎毫无防卫能力。
adj. （英）无防御的；无保护的
 - unshielded, unprotected

Word: contiguous
Front: contiguous
[kənˈtɪgjuəs] (托宝 15684/13183)
Vocabulary: contiguous
(once / 1842 pages)
adj
Use the adjective contiguous when you want to describe one thing touching another thing, or next to it but not actually touching.
Things that are contiguous are near or next to but not actually touching and yet they are also defined as "touching, sharing a border." You can use this adjective to describe people or things related to and nearby others. It comes from the Latin word contiguus, which means pretty much the same thing, "bordering upon." Because the word has two meanings that are very similar but not always the same it can be a bit confusing. This is an example of what's called "semantic ambiguity," when something can mean more than one thing or a word or phrase is not precise.
WORD FAMILY
contiguous: contiguity, contiguously, contiguousness+/ contiguity: contiguities
USAGE EXAMPLES
The more outposts that are built, the more the settlements expand, the less possible it is to create a contiguous state.
Time(Dec 28, 2016)
Macky Sall, president of the Gambia’s only contiguous neighbour, Senegal, told French television that the use of force should be a “last resort”.
The Guardian(Dec 18, 2016)
BlackRock will move from 31 floors spread over three buildings to 15 contiguous floors in one building.
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: adj. 接触的，邻近的，共同的
分布：连续的(72%)，邻近的(16%)，接触的(12%)
→con-, 强调。-tig, 接触，词源同contact, tangible.
邻近的,接近的(con共同+tig+uous互相接触→毗邻的)[tact,tag,tig,ting=touch表示"接触"]
接近的(con共同+tig接触)[-uous表形容词"多…的"]
【记】con共同，tig接触，uous多－共同接触很多－接壤的
【参】contiguity（n 邻近；接壤）
[kən'tɪg.ju.əs] formal
adjective
■next to or touching another, usually similar, thing 相近的，相邻的；毗邻的；互相连接的
• The two states are contiguous with/to each other, but the laws are quite different. 这两个州相毗邻，但其法律却大不相同。
adj. 连续的；邻近的；接触的
 - adjacent, straight, endless, running, serial

Word: devoutly
Front: devoutly
[dɪ'vaʊtlɪ] (29442/36434)
Back: adv. 虔诚地，虔敬地，衷心地
分布：虔诚地(60%)，衷心地(40%)
adverb
■in a very religious way 虔诚地，忠实于某宗教地
• a devoutly Catholic family 虔诚的天主教家庭
■formal
■sincerely and strongly 真诚地，真挚地
• He devoutly hoped that they would reach a peaceful agreement. 他真诚地希望他们能达成一项和平协议。
adv. 虔诚地；虔敬地
 - piously, prayerfully

Word: disrepair
Front: disrepair
[ˌdɪsrɪˈpeə(r)] (19838/21478)
Vocabulary: disrepair
(once / 22217 pages)
n
Disrepair is a state of being damaged or broken, especially because of neglect. Leaving your car in your parents' driveway all winter might result in disrepair.
A house in disrepair needs help — it might look shabby, with flaking paint and a crumbling brick porch. This mostly happens when houses aren't being lived in, or when their owners don't have the money for upkeep. An entire city or neighborhood in disrepair feels neglected and even dangerous. The noun disrepair combines the prefix dis-, "do the opposite with repair, "mend or fix," from its Latin root reparare, "restore" or "put back in order."
WORD FAMILY
disrepair: disrepairs+/ irreparable: irreparably/ repair: disrepair, repaired, repairer, repairing, repairs, reparable, reparation /repaired: unrepaired/repairer: repairers/ reparable: irreparable / reparation: reparations
USAGE EXAMPLES
The home was no longer being lived in and was in disrepair when Irene Silverwood donated the land to the county.
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
The ship sank on Loch Lomond in 2010 after falling into disrepair, but was raised by the Royal Navy following a veterans' campaign.
BBC(Dec 14, 2016)
Although no one liked the crime or disrepair of the old Regent Park, she found, they valued their community.
The Guardian(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 失修，破损
分布：失修(64%)，破损(29%)，荒废(7%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。repair, 修复，修理。
US [-'per] noun uncountable
■the state of being broken or old and needing to be repaired 破败，失修
• The building has fallen into disrepair over the years. 日久年深，该建筑已变得破败不堪。
n. [建] 失修，塌毁；破损
 - unrepair, breakage

Word: dresser
Front: dresser
[ˈdresə(r)] (8499/12261)
Vocabulary: dresser
(once / 2226 pages)
n
A dresser is a piece of furniture with several drawers that's used for storing clothes or other things. You might have a dresser in your bedroom that's full of sweaters.
In the US, the word dresser almost always refers to a tall, upright type of furniture that's fitted with sliding drawers. You can keep your socks in a dresser, or put a dresser in your kitchen and keep tablecloths and silverware in it. If a person is called a dresser, she either works with theater actors, helping them put their costumes on, or dresses in an unusual or distinctive way: "She's such a colorful dresser!"
WORD FAMILY
dresser: dressers+/ dress: dressed, dresser, dresses, dressing, dressy, overdress, underdress, undress/dressed: ill-dressed/dressing: dressings/ dressy: dressier, dressiest/overdress: overdressed, overdresses, overdressing/underdress: underdressed, underdressing/undress: undressed, undresses, undressing
USAGE EXAMPLES
A few hours in, Mills chatted with Lindsey Jacobs, his on-set dresser—the person who wrangled the furniture and the props.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
In June, Ikea, the world’s largest furniture seller, announced a recall of 29 million chests and dressers in response to the deadly accidents.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
He was a dazzling, flamboyant dresser, and this, too, seemed like an outward hint of inner joy.
The New Yorker(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. 化妆台; （剧组的）服装员; 食具柜; 外科手术助手
分布：化妆台(47%)，带镜衣柜(40%)，好打扮的人(13%)
→来自dress, 装饰，服装。
US [-ɚ] noun countable
FURNITURE 家俱 UK a tall piece of furniture with cupboards below and shelves on the top half 碗柜；餐具橱
• a kitchen dresser 橱柜
■US
■a piece of bedroom furniture with drawers, usually with a mirror on top, used especially for keeping clothes in （有抽屉、顶部通常配有镜子的）矮衣柜
UK ['dres.ər] US [-ɚ] noun countable
CLOTHES 衣服
■used in phrases which describe the type of clothes that someone wears 穿着…的人，衣着…的人
• She was always a very stylish dresser. 她总是衣着时髦。
• He's a very snappy (= stylish and modern) dresser. 他是个穿着非常时髦的人。
specialized
■a person who works in the theatre or in films, helping the actors to put on their clothes （剧组的）服装员，服装师
n. 梳妆台；碗柜；化妆师；裹伤员
 - cupboard, dressing table

Word: downpour
Front: downpour
[ˈdaʊnpɔ:(r)] (雅宝 15981/18961 -1)
Vocabulary: downpour
(once / 4208 pages)
n
A downpour is a rainstorm, especially a very heavy one. If you get caught unexpectedly in a downpour, you'll wish you brought an umbrella.
A downpour is exactly what it sounds like: torrential, pouring rain. A downpour, even one that's brief, can cause flooding in streets and basements. In some parts of the world, there are whole seasons that regularly bring downpours, while other places experience droughts so severe that people wish for a downpour. The word has been in use since the mid-19th century.
WORD FAMILY
downpour: downpours
USAGE EXAMPLES
Louisiana will receive close to $1.2 billion after torrential downpours and historic flooding caused widespread damage in Baton Rouge and other areas.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
The Trojans on Thursday concluded their second week of practice in a downpour.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
It was a muggy July morning; the sky threatened a downpour, but would not deliver.
The New Yorker(Aug 15, 2016)
Back: n. 倾盆大雨; （日光的）照射
分布：倾盆大雨(100%)
US [-pɔ:r] noun countable usually singular
■a lot of rain in a short time 暴雨，骤雨
n. 倾盆大雨；注下
 - driving rain, gullywasher

Word: despondency
Front: despondency
[dɪ'spɒndənsɪ] (28236/19794)
Vocabulary: despondency
(once / 2114 pages)
n
Despondency is a sad emotional state — much like depression. If you're in a state of despondency, you're feeling hopeless and super bummed out.
Despondency is one of many emotional states that are not pleasant — it's a kind of extreme sadness. Stubbing your toe wouldn't trigger despondency, but the death of a family member or friend might. When people lose their jobs or experience failure, despondency can happen — they feel despondent. Despondency can include not only sadness, but feelings of hopelessness. It's a terrible way to feel, and it's not easy to get over it.
WORD FAMILY
despondency: despondencies+/ despond: desponded, despondence, despondency, despondent, desponding, desponds/despondence: despondences/ despondent: despondently
USAGE EXAMPLES
“She is deeply remorseful that she had caused frustration and despondency among the public.”
The Guardian(Oct 30, 2016)
"She is deeply remorseful that she had caused frustration and despondency among the public," Lee said.
Reuters(Oct 30, 2016)
Now he faces a second night in the grass with temperatures dropping and despondency setting in.
The Guardian(Oct 27, 2016)
Back: n. 失去勇气，失望
分布：沮丧(49%)，失望(37%)，失去勇气(14%)
n. 泄气；意气消沉
 - staleness

Word: emporium
Front: emporium
[emˈpɔ:riəm] (21707/21543)
Vocabulary: emporium
(once / 4344 pages)
n
An emporium is a large store that sells a variety of merchandise. You can call a department store, with its many different departments, an emporium.
Any retail store that separates its goods into different areas — like "men's hats" and "kids' shoes" and "household goods" — can be called an emporium. Almost every small city in the United States used to have at least one emporium on its main street, although today you might refer to a big box store or a shopping mall as an emporium. Emporium is a Latin word, rooted in the Greek emporion, "trading place or market," from emporos, "merchant or traveler."
WORD FAMILY
emporium: emporia, emporiums
USAGE EXAMPLES
Hostess said it also received incentives from Emporia, the State of Indiana and the City of Indianapolis.
New York Times(Dec 10, 2016)
This emporium is his second act; its first iteration on Macdougal Street was the epicenter of Greenwich Village’s legendary 1960s folk music scene.
New York Times(Dec 07, 2016)
On a recent day, 20 to 30 people waited just outside the front door of the Opera House Coffee House & Food Emporium.
Washington Times(Nov 11, 2016)
Back: n. 商场，商业中心，大百货商店
分布：商场(72%)，商业中心(28%)
→em-, 进入，使。-por, 通行，港口，贸易，词源同port. 原指贸易的港口，后指商城。
US [-pɔ:r.i-] (plural emporia or emporiums) old-fashioned
noun countable
■a large shop selling a large range of goods, or a shop selling a particular type of goods 大百货商场；专卖店
• a video/ice cream/antiques emporium 影片／霜淇淋／古玩店
n. [贸易] 商场，大百货商店；商业中心
 - marketplace, mart

Word: earnestly
Front: earnestly
['ɜ:nɪstlɪ] (15269/12342)
Vocabulary: earnestly
(once / 258 pages)
adv
You'd feel terrible laughing at the goofy love song your friend wrote and performed in front of an audience, especially if he sang it earnestly, or seriously and sincerely.
If you do something earnestly, you do it in a serious, heartfelt way. You might earnestly promise your friend that you'll never forget her birthday again, or earnestly ask your grandmother if there's anything you can do to help her out while she's recovering from surgery. If you earnestly study for your upcoming French exam, it means you're really buckling down to learn those vocabulary words. The Old English root of earnestly is eornost, which means "seriousness or serious intent."
WORD FAMILY
earnest: earnester, earnestest, earnestly, earnestness, earnests+/ earnestness: earnestnesses, earnestnesss
USAGE EXAMPLES
Participants railed—perhaps earnestly, perhaps jokingly—against the National Environment Research Council’s decision to reject the public’s overwhelming support for the name “Boaty McBoatface.”
Slate(Dec 28, 2016)
Amid the challenges of our day, see the human face of those you earnestly seek to help.
Time(Dec 03, 2016)
On a break between appointments, Mr. Valena reflected earnestly on his life’s journey so far.
New York Times(Dec 03, 2016)
Back: adv. 认真地，诚挚地，热切地
分布：认真地(60%)，热心地(40%)
ADV-GRADED
（说话）认真地,郑重其事地
If you say something earnestly, you say it very seriously, often because you believe that it is important or you are trying to persuade someone else to believe it.
例：'Did you?' she asked earnestly...“你做了吗？”她认真地问。
例：In 1990, we were all earnestly assured that property values could only go up.1990年时我们都得到信誓旦旦的保证说房地产只可能升值。
ADV-GRADED
（做事）认真地，全心全意地
If you do something earnestly, you do it in a thorough and serious way, intending to succeed.
例：She always listened earnestly as if this might help her to understand.她总是很认真地听，就好像这能帮助她弄明白一样。
ADV-GRADED
热切地;真诚地；强烈地
If you earnestly hope or wish for something, you hope or wish strongly and sincerely for it.
例：I earnestly hope what I learned will serve me well in my new job.我非常希望能够在自己的新工作中学以致用。
adv. 认真地；诚挚地
 - seriously, in real earnest

Word: enamel
Front: enamel
[ɪˈnæml] (宝 12226/10293 -1)
Vocabulary: enamel
(once / 1678 pages)
1nv 2n
Enamel is the glossy, decorative coating that's applied to metal or pottery to make it prettier and sometimes sturdier. You might cook a casserole in your favorite pot, made of blue enamel.
Enamel is used in all kinds of everyday objects, including the surface of washing machines, baking dishes, and some bath tubs. The enamel itself is made from melted powdered glass, which can easily be fused to metal and other surfaces. The outer part of your teeth is also known as enamel, and though sugar and other foods can decay it, your tooth enamel is actually the strongest, hardest substance in your body.
WORD FAMILY
enamel: enameled, enameling, enamelled, enamelling, enamels
USAGE EXAMPLES
The lines provide a record of the tooth’s history: Each line represents the daily deposit of bony tissue called dentine within the tooth’s enamel shell.
Science Magazine(Jan 02, 2017)
He mixes oil with both enamel and acrylic to evoke a delicious range of textures.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
These works are small and portable, bright and taut, and use unmixed colors of high-gloss enamel in extraordinary combinations.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 搪瓷; 珐琅; 指甲油
vt. 给…上珐琅; 在…涂瓷漆
时态：enamelled, enamelling, enamels
分布：搪瓷(44%)，珐琅(40%)，瓷釉(14%)，涂以瓷釉(2%)
→en-, 进入，使。-amel, 软，融化，词源同melt. 即融在里面的，指一种瓷器烧制技术。
【记】e出，name名：想出名？容易！先把一口牙作上水晶烤瓷（北京平均价：1500元＝颗），再涂上指甲油。
noun
countable or uncountable
■a substance like glass that is used for decoration or protection which is melted onto clay, metal and glass objects and then left to cool and become hard, or an object covered with this substance 搪瓷；珐琅
■a type of paint which forms a shiny surface when dry 瓷漆；瓷釉
■the hard white shiny substance which forms the covering of a tooth （牙齿的）珐琅质，釉质
[ɪ'næm.əl] verb transitive (-ll- or US USUALLY -l-)
■to cover something with enamel 涂瓷釉（或搪瓷、瓷漆）于；给…上珐琅

Word: drizzle
Front: drizzle
[ˈdrɪzl] (托宝 9773/14321 -1)
Vocabulary: drizzle
(once / 2743 pages)
nv
Drizzle is a very light rain shower. You might grab an umbrella before you head out for a walk in the drizzle.
When the weather report calls for drizzle, you know it's going to be a damp day, although you might leave your galoshes and rain suit at home. Drizzle is heavier than mist, but just a bit — and you can use it as a verb, too: "It's supposed to drizzle this evening, but our picnic is still on." The word drizzle stems from the now-obsolete drysning, "a falling of dew," from the Old English drēosan, "to fall."
WORD FAMILY
drizzle: drizzled, drizzles, drizzling, drizzly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Divide between four shallow bowls and top each serving with a warm salmon fillet, skin side down, and a drizzle of the cooking juices.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
It’s fantastic drizzled over fresh leafy greens, broad beans, or cooked, chilled fingerling potatoes.
Time(Dec 16, 2016)
The storm is moving south and began drizzling on Southern California Thursday evening.
Washington Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: vi. 下蒙蒙细雨，下毛毛雨
n. 蒙蒙细雨，毛毛雨
时态：drizzled, drizzling, drizzles
分布：细雨(79%)，下毛毛雨(19%)，细雨般地洒下(2%)
→词源同drip, 滴。引申义小雨，毛毛雨。
【记】读：追走：能追上走的，但又不是跑，因为下的是drizzle，而不是deluge读：追揍！在drizzle中追着揍李宏志！
【参】drizzly（adj 下毛毛雨的）形容词
【反】deluge（n 洪水；豪雨）
noun
RAIN 雨
uncountable
■rain in very small light drops 细雨，零星小雨，毛毛雨
• Tomorrow will be cloudy with outbreaks of rain and drizzle. 明天多云，有阵雨和零星小雨。
['drɪz.l] noun
LIQUID 液体
only singular
■a small amount of liquid that is lightly poured over something 洒落某物的少量液体
• Serve the pasta hot with a drizzle of olive oil. 趁热在义大利粉上淋些橄榄油即可上桌了。
['drɪz.l] verb
POUR 倾倒
transitive
■to pour liquid slowly over something, especially in a thin line or in small drops 缓慢地倾倒，细细地滴洒
• Drizzle the syrup over the warm cake. 在热蛋糕上洒些糖浆。
['drɪz.l] verb
RAIN 雨
intransitive
■to rain in small light drops 下细雨，下毛毛雨
• It 's been drizzling all day. 蒙蒙细雨下了一整天。
n. 细雨， [气象] 毛毛雨
 - mizzle, drow

Word: encore
Front: encore
[ˈɒŋkɔ:(r)] (18134/16434 -1)
Vocabulary: encore
(once / 2586 pages)
nv
A performance that's repeated or added to the regular performance is called an encore. If you're deaf from last night's concert, it might be because the band played for two hours and then did a thirty minute encore.
Encore is a French word meaning again. Audiences often yell, "Encore!" if a play, song, or other act has been particularly good. In essence they are shouting, "Again!" After a musical number, the encore may take the form of a repeated verse or chorus. At the end of a concert, the encore may be a whole extra set. The word is sometimes used sarcastically: "Well, you flunked math. What are you going to do for an encore?"
WORD FAMILY
encore: encored, encores, encoring
USAGE EXAMPLES
There was no encore, and for those looking for the beginning of the end, Oct.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
HBO will also offer an encore presentation of Fisher’s hit memoir-based one-woman show “Wishful Drinking” on Sunday at 9 p.m.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Humans This critically acclaimed adaptation of a Swedish sci-fi drama encores its first season in a daylong marathon.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: int. 再来一个！
n. 加演节目; 再演一个
v. 加演节目; 返场
时态：encored, encoring, encores
分布：再演(32%)，加演(32%)，安可曲(20%)，要求加演(8%)，再来一个！(8%)
→来自法语，再来一次，再来一个。来自拉丁语hanc horam, 才这个时候，hanc,词源同here. horam, 词源同hour。
US ['ɑ:ŋ.kɔ:r] noun countable
■an extra song or piece of music that is performed at the end of a show because the audience shout for it （演出结束后的）加演节目；
• We were shouting for an encore. 我们高喊着要求再演一个节目。
• They did a few old hits as/for an encore. 因为观众要求加演，他们演奏了几首过去风靡一时的曲目。

Word: eyesore
Front: eyesore
[ˈaɪsɔ:(r)] (22612/21301)
Vocabulary: eyesore
(once / 19282 pages)
n
Something that's really unpleasant to look at is an eyesore. You could call your apartment building an eyesore if it's a huge, ugly concrete structure that looms over your street.
Most eyesores are structures or buildings — an old, decrepit house that's sagging on one side and has a yard full of weeds is probably thought of as an eyesore by most of its neighbors. You might also describe a new hotel as an eyesore if it's painted a strange shade of pink that clashes with the buildings nearby. The word eyesore has been around since the 1500's, from the idea of "something so offensive to the eye that it hurts."
WORD FAMILY
eyesore: eyesores
USAGE EXAMPLES
“But nobody likes it being there. It’s an eyesore.”
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
It is certainly an eyesore at the gateway to Maryland as you cross the Woodrow Wilson Memorial Bridge.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
It would be an eyesore and a traffic nightmare, they said.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 难看的东西
分布：眼中钉(80%)，眼痛(10%)，剌眼的东西(10%)
US [-sɔ:r] noun countable
■an unpleasant or ugly sight in a public place （公共场所的）不顺眼的东西，难看的东西
• They think the new library building is an eyesore. 他们觉得新建成的图书馆大楼不好看。
n. 眼中钉；难看的东西
 - grunge

Word: farmworker
Front: farmworker
[fɑ:m'wɜ:kə] (34846/34175)
Back: n. 农业工人，雇农
分布：雇农(100%)
n. 农业工人；雇农（等于farm hand）
 - labourer worker, field hand

Word: frigid
Front: frigid
[ˈfrɪdʒɪd] (托宝 11238/21274)
Vocabulary: frigid
(once / 2022 pages)
1adj 2adj
Like the North Pole on the coldest day of winter, frigid is an adjective that means extremely chilly. It applies to both temperatures and personalities.
Frigid comes to us from the Latin frigidus, meaning “cold, chill, cool” or “indifferent.” That explains why it's used to describe both arctic weather and someone's particularly unfriendly demeanor. So the inside of your ice box is certainly frigid, but so is a stern boss who refuses to smile or say hi when you hop in the same elevator. His glare is so emotionally frosty that it freezes you in your tracks.
WORD FAMILY
frigid: frigidest, frigidity, frigidly, frigidness+/frigidity: frigidities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Sun’s “Mythological Time” depicts his hometown, Fuxin in Liaoning, a frigid province wedged between North Korea and Inner Mongolia.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Most of the state’s scallop catch is harvested by draggers, but dozens of divers also plunge into frigid waters to find the shellfish.
Washington Times(Nov 30, 2016)
In addition to frigid temperatures, honey bee colonies must battle disease and parasites.
Washington Times(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 寒冷的; 极冷的; 冷漠的; （尤指女人）性冷淡的
adv. 寒冷地，冷漠地
n. 寒冷，冷漠
分布：寒冷的(84%)，冷淡的(16%)
→来自拉丁语frigidus, 寒冷的，来自srig, 冷，词源同fridge,sang-froid. 同时，用于指性冷淡。
寒冷的(frig+id)[frig,friger=cold,表示"冷"]
adjective
DISLIKING SEX 性冷感的
■(of a woman) having difficulty in becoming sexually excited （女人）性冷感的，难以达到性高潮的
['frɪdʒ.ɪd] adjective
UNFRIENDLY 不友好的
■unfriendly or very formal 冷淡的；极正式的
• There's a rather frigid atmosphere in the school. 学校里气氛很严肃。
['frɪdʒ.ɪd] adjective
COLD 寒冷的
■(of weather conditions or the conditions in a room) extremely cold （天气或室内温度）寒冷的，严寒的
• Few plants can grow in such a frigid environment. 几乎没有甚么植物能够在如此寒冷的环境下生长。
adj. 寒冷的，严寒的；冷淡的
 - cold, cutting, freezing

Word: exurb
Front: exurb
['eksɜ:b] (33020/-)
Back: n. 城外，市外， （尤指）远郊的繁华地区
分布：城市远郊富裕阶层居住的地区(100%)

Word: firstly
Front: firstly
[ˈfɜ:stli] (20778/3974 -1)
Back: adv. 第一，首先（主要用于列举条目、论点时）
分布：首先(88%)，第一(12%)
US ['fɝ:st-] adverb (also first)
 ADVANCED
■used to refer to the first thing in a list 第一，首先
• There are two very good reasons why we can't do it. Firstly, we don't have enough money, and secondly, we don't have enough time. 我们不能做这件事；有两个充分的理由：第一，我们资金不足；第二；我们缺乏时间。
initially, firstly, originally
initially: 最初，开头
firstly: 首先，第一，用于列举事项
originally: 独创地， 独特地，本来
adv. 首先（主要用于列举条目、论点时）；第一
 - primarily, initially, first of all, chiefly, imprimis

Word: fetid
Front: fetid
[ˈfetɪd] (宝 24391/33235)
Vocabulary: fetid
(once / 6251 pages)
adj
If you want to understand the true meaning of fetid, leave your sweaty gym clothes in your locker for a few days. Fetid is a fancy way of saying that something smells really bad.
From the Latin word meaning "stinking," this adjective has been in use since the early 15th century, which was a particularly fetid time in history — showers, laundry detergent, and deodorant had not yet been invented. Here's an easy way to remember it: "the fe(e)t (d)id stink." It's sometimes spelled foetid.
WORD FAMILY
fetid: fetidness
USAGE EXAMPLES
We disembarked in the fetid swamps of Arkansas at the Rohwer Relocation Center.
Washington Post(Nov 18, 2016)
That all makes sense, but only if you ignore how long Washington has floated in the fetid pool of quarterback scarcity.
Washington Post(Nov 14, 2016)
Long an inspiration to poets, beloved by kings, Wular Lake has been reduced in places to a fetid and stinking swamp.
Seattle Times(Nov 11, 2016)
Back: adj. 恶臭的
分布：臭的(80%)，有恶臭的(20%)
→来自拉丁语fetidus,恶臭的，发臭的。
【记】fet＝feet脚，id读：一滴－从脚上流出一滴恶臭的水！
【反】having a pleasant smell（有好味道的）
US ['fetˌ-] adjective formal
■smelling extremely bad and stale 恶臭的；腐臭的
• fetid air/breath 臭气／恶臭的口气
adj. 臭的；恶臭的；腐臭的
 - rank, olid

Word: gentry
Front: gentry
[ˈdʒentri] (托宝 18454/7306 -1)
Vocabulary: gentry
(once / 1048 pages)
n
The gentry are the powerful members of society. In the United Kingdom, where there are still kings and queens and dukes and duchesses, the gentry are the people who rank just below the nobility.
Gentry can also refer to the important people in any field. The gentry of rock 'n' roll would include icons like Chuck Berry and Elvis Presley. The gentry of Hollywood are the stars everyone recognizes, the faces you constantly see on magazine covers, starring in movies, and making TV appearances. The gentry of New York society are the people who make major donations to art museums and hospitals and are A-list invitees to all the big fundraisers and cultural events.
WORD FAMILY
gentry: gentries
USAGE EXAMPLES
Gentry said Houston’s offense is fueled by Harden’s abilities as a playmaker.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
“I thought we played well the first half. I thought we competed, did a good job,” Pelicans coach Alvin Gentry said.
Washington Times(Dec 11, 2016)
Gentry says Schultz was arrested Tuesday, and remains held without bond in the county jail.
Washington Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 绅士们; 贵族们; 上层阶级
分布：贵族们(51%)，绅士(33%)，名流(16%)
绅士(gent温柔;参考:gentle温柔的)[-ry表名词,通常放在一个完整的单词后面1.表示"状态,性质"2.表示"行业,学科"3.表示集合名词4.表示"场地"]
n. 人们（多用贬义）；贵族们；（英）上流社会人士
 - folk, society people

Word: gyrate
Front: gyrate
[dʒaɪˈreɪt] (宝 23876/34996)
Vocabulary: gyrate
(once / 5686 pages)
v
When things turn or spin on an axis, like the seats on a whirling amusement park ride, they gyrate. When you spin a top, you watch it gyrate.
An axis is a fixed, imaginary point or line that something rotates around — the Earth, famously, turns on an axis. If an object spins rapidly around this point, it gyrates. Many kinds of engines gyrate, and so do pinwheels, windmills, and gyroscopes. Even Elvis's hips were said to gyrate! The root of the verb gyrate is the Latin word for "circle," gyrus, which in turn comes from the Greek gyros, "circle or ring."
WORD FAMILY
gyrate: gyrated, gyrates, gyrating, gyration+/gyration: gyrations
USAGE EXAMPLES
The buzz grew so loud, in act, that #JaredKushner became a trending Twitter topic, and the news cycle gyrated plenty.
Washington Times(Nov 10, 2016)
As the president-elect decides which of his many selves to put forward, the markets will continue to gyrate.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 09, 2016)
The rhythm was so infectious that Martinez stood up in the middle of his conga solo to gyrate his hips.
Washington Post(Nov 06, 2016)
Back: vi. 旋转，回旋
时态：gyrated, gyrating, gyrates
分布：旋转(55%)，旋涡状的(30%)，旋转的(15%)
→来自geu, 弯，转，进一步来自sker, 弯，转，词源同ring, circle.
【参】gyral（adj 旋转的）；gyroidal（adj 螺旋形的）
US ['--] verb intransitive
■to turn around and around on a fixed point, usually quickly （通常指很快地）旋转，回旋，转动
■to dance, especially in a sexual way （尤指带挑逗意味地）跳舞
• A line of male dancers gyrated to the music while the audience screamed their appreciation. 一排男舞蹈演员随着音乐大跳性感热舞，观众们尖叫不已，大喊过瘾。
vi. [机] 旋转
 - wheel, circle, spin, go round and round

Word: goo
Front: goo
[gu:] (17545/26791)
Vocabulary: goo
(once / 5544 pages)
n
Any kind of drippy, yucky, gunky stuff can be called goo. Some people love tapioca pudding, while others feel that it's nothing but lumpy goo.
The filling in a donut is one kind of goo — custard or jelly that oozes out when you take a bite. An unidentified blob of slime on the sidewalk or the glistening trail left behind by a slug, are other, much less appealing kinds of goo. Goo was coined in the US, but its origins beyond that are unclear. Many experts think gooey came first, possibly shortened from the now-obsolete burgoo, or "porridge."
WORD FAMILY
goo: gooey, goos+/ gooey: gooier, gooiest
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is exactly what its name suggests: a weird-looking, single-celled blob of goo.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Plug me into one of those pink goo baths from The Matrix.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
If you leave the gas in the tank, it often coagulates into something that resembles primordial goo.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 黏性物，感伤; 臭味
分布：感伤(100%)
→拟声词，模仿黏稠液体流的声音。
[gu:] informal
noun uncountable
■an unpleasantly sticky substance （令人生厌的）黏性物质

Word: geophysical
Front: geophysical
[ˌdʒi:əʊ'fɪzɪkl] (21704/17591)
Back: adj. 地球物理学的
分布：地球物理学的(100%)

Word: gamut
Front: gamut
[ˈgæmət] (宝 14112/20274)
Vocabulary: gamut
(once / 5958 pages)
n
A visit with a long-lost cousin might arouse emotions that run the gamut of joy, regret, sorrow, and excitement. A gamut is a full or complete range.
In the 16th century, the gamut was the lowest note on the musical scale. In music as well as life, the word has expanded to mean from high to low, or the whole range. The word is often associated with "run," as in "run the gamut from totally excited to so terrified you're quaking with fear." And if you've talked about every discussion point on your agenda, you've covered the gamut of issues that need discussing.
WORD FAMILY
gamut: gamuts
USAGE EXAMPLES
On most days, they run the gamut from fans to superfans.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Unsurprisingly, reactions to Duca’s piece ran the gamut from devastation to triumph.
Salon(Dec 24, 2016)
Knowledge really is power, and in this case, it provokes the whole gamut of human reactions, from liberation to despair to stupefied disbelief.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 全范围，全部; 音阶; 音域
分布：全部(45%)，全音域(28%)，整个范围(17%)，长音阶(10%)
→缩写自拉丁语gamma ut. gamma, 希腊字母G，用于音乐术语低G音。ut, 即现在的do音。原指音阶范围，全音阶，后词义通用化。
【源】源自 ut，施洗者圣约翰拉丁文赞歌中的第一个单词，按上升音阶CDEFGA所演唱的一系列音符中的首字母。
【记】读：game骂他（在game中骂他）或该骂他－反正都是骂，要骂得爽，就需要变化，要用全音阶，使其不知不觉的被骂。
N-SING
整个范围；全部
The gamut of something is the complete range of things of that kind, or a wide variety of things of that kind.
例：Varied though the anthology may claim to be, it does not cover the whole gamut of Scottish poetry...该诗集虽然可能号称收录广泛，但并未涵盖所有苏格兰诗歌。
例：As the story unfolded throughout the past week, I experienced the gamut of emotions: shock, anger, sadness, disgust, confusion.上周随着故事情节的展开，我的心情可以说是跌宕起伏：从震惊、气愤、悲伤到憎恶与困惑。
PHRASE
涉及…的全部范围
To run the gamut of something means to include, express, or experience all the different things of that kind, or a wide variety of them.
例：The show runs the gamut of 20th century design...展览涵盖20世纪的各种设计。
例：The reviews for 'On a Clear Day' ran the gamut from contempt to qualified rapture .对于《好日子》的影评毁誉参半，既有人表示不值一提，也有人觉得它带给人一定的惊喜。
n. 全音阶；全音域；整个范围
 - diatonic scale, diatonicism

Word: gallows
Front: gallows
[ˈgæləʊz] (宝 20775/21129)
Vocabulary: gallows
(once / 1290 pages)
n
During the Salem witch trials in the late 1600s, women accused of witchcraft were executed by hanging, a gruesome process that involves a gallows, or wooden frame from which a person is hung by a rope.
A gallows is a frame, usually wood, that is made up of a horizontal crossbeam from which a noose or rope is suspended. The word gallows has an s at the end of it because a gallows usually consists of two upright poles and a crossbeam. As a form of capital punishment, hanging is outlawed in almost every state, making the use of gallows these days very rare. If you see one, it will be in a museum.
WORD FAMILY
gallows: gallowses
USAGE EXAMPLES
The humor was bitter, sometimes dark, but not quite gallows.
Slate(Nov 23, 2016)
He didn’t break down, but there was no stab at gallows humor, no smiling through the heartache.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 16, 2016)
At a group dinner on Friday night at a nearby Italian restaurant, there was plenty of wine and gallows humor.
New York Times(Nov 13, 2016)
Back: n. 绞刑架
分布：绞刑架(100%)
→来自ghalgh, 杆，棍。用来指绞刑架。
【记】gall（胆汁），low低－让人胆小的东西－绞刑架gall low s：胆汁低下去s掉了－被执行绞刑－绞刑架
US [-oʊz] (plural gallows)
noun countable
■a wooden structure used, especially in the past, to hang criminals from as a form of execution (= killing as a punishment) （尤指旧时的）绞刑架
• New witnesses have cast doubt on some of the evidence that sent the 19-year-old to the gallows. 新证人的出现，使得人们开始对判处这个19岁年轻人死刑所依据的一些证据产生质疑。
n. 绞刑；绞刑架；承梁
 - hanging

Word: housekeeper
Front: housekeeper
[ˈhaʊski:pə(r)] (11112/8081 -1)
Vocabulary: housekeeper
(once / 601 pages)
n
A housekeeper is someone whose job involves cleaning other people's houses. In some cases, a housekeeper also cooks meals for her employers.
It was once common in many countries for wealthy families to employ a live-in housekeeper, who may have been called a maid or a servant. Today it's less typical, although some families hire workers to clean occasionally — these people might come once a week and are usually called housecleaners rather than housekeepers. The word uses the sense of keep that means "maintain or preserve order."
WORD FAMILY
housekeeper: housekeepers+/housekeep: housekeeped, housekeeper, housekeeping, housekeeps/housekeeping: housekeepings
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Enough is better than a feast,” Aunt Sammy would say on her radio program, “Housekeepers’ Chat.”
The New Yorker(Dec 23, 2016)
I-124 also requires hotels protect workers from chemical hazards and limits housekeepers to cleaning 5,000 square feet in a normal workday.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
“I am a marvellous housekeeper. Every time I leave a man I keep his house,” she said.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 主妇; 女管家; 房屋管理人
分布：女管家(67%)，主妇(33%)
US [-pɚ] noun countable
■a person, especially a woman, whose job is to organize another person's house and deal with cooking, cleaning, etc. 管家；（尤指）女管家
n. 女管家；主妇
 - stewardess, homemaker

Word: humanist
Front: humanist
[ˈhju:mənɪst] (托 15277/16365)
Vocabulary: humanist
(once / 5490 pages)
1nadj 2nadj
Do you prefer humans to gods or animals? Well, perhaps you’re a budding humanist, someone who wants the best for humankind. A humanist is also a scholar of the classics and liberal arts.
The word humanist comes from the Renaissance, by way of an Italian poet, Lodovico Ariosto. It started out as a name for a scholar of classical Greek and Latin literature. It still describes someone who studies liberal arts, or humanities, but now a humanist is also someone who’s especially interested in what's good for humanity. Humanists want everyone to have enough food, shelter, and dignity.
WORD FAMILY
humanist: humanists+/dehumanise: dehumanisation, dehumanised, dehumanising/dehumanize: dehumanization, dehumanized, dehumanizes, dehumanizing/ human: humanise, humanism, humanity, humanize, humanlike, humanly, humanness, humans, inhuman, nonhuman, subhuman, superhuman, unhuman/humanise: dehumanise, humanisation, humanised, humanises, humanising/ humanism: humanist, humanistic / humanistic: humanistically/ humanitarian: humanitarianism, humanitarians/ humanity: humanitarian, humanities / humanize: dehumanize, humanization, humanized, humanizes, humanizing/ inhuman: inhumanity, inhumanly/inhumanity: inhumanities/superhuman: superhumanly/unhuman: unhumanly
USAGE EXAMPLES
But Marc Riboud, a giant of humanist photography, did so with stylish ease.
Time(Dec 30, 2016)
It hardly sounds like a universal cipher, the kind of humanist tale that attracts readers over time.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
The appeal was brought by the American Humanist Association after a U.S.
Washington Post(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 人道主义者，人文主义者
分布：人文学者(100%)
→human-,人的，人文的，-ist,人。
N-UNCOUNT
人本主义;人文主义
Humanism is the belief that people can achieve happiness and live well without religion.
n. 人道主义者；人类学者，人文学者；人文主义者
 - anthropologist

Word: hoodwink
Front: hoodwink
[ˈhʊdwɪŋk] (宝 29345/33094)
Vocabulary: hoodwink
(once / 7023 pages)
v
To hoodwink someone means to trick or mislead them. Beware of fake ATMs that try to hoodwink you into giving over your bank card and your code, only to keep them both and steal all your money.
An excellent, old-fashioned word is hoodwink, and you’ll be happy you know it when you have to read Victorian novels in which characters are repeatedly hoodwinked. It is an Old English compound which meant "to blindfold" 600 years ago but quickly began to be used figuratively. Think about the expression, to pull the wool over someone's eyes, as having the same image and meaning. Has your big sister ever hoodwinked you into doing her chores for her?
WORD FAMILY
hoodwink: hoodwinked, hoodwinking, hoodwinks
USAGE EXAMPLES
The author added that “hoodwinked” individuals consider the pageantry innocuous.
Washington Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Then came the move that made them: a quite magnificent stunt that hoodwinked the entire French music industry.
The Guardian(Nov 14, 2016)
They might have been hoodwinked, but if Trump goes off the rails, they will stand by our side to oppose him.
Washington Post(Nov 10, 2016)
Back: vt. 欺诈，哄骗
时态：hoodwinked, hoodwinking, hoodwinks
分布：欺骗(75%)，蒙骗(25%)
→hood,兜帽，wink,眨眼，摇摆。比喻用法。
【记】原指：用hood（n 帽兜）蒙住眼睛wink（v /n 眨眼）－欺骗hood帽兜，wink眨眼－眨眼之间从帽兜中变出－欺骗
【反】disabuse（vt 解惑；使省悟）
verb transitive
■to deceive or trick someone 欺骗，蒙骗
• He hoodwinked us into agreeing. 他骗取我们的同意。
vt. 蒙蔽；欺骗；遮眼
 - sell, fox

Word: hallway
Front: hallway
[ˈhɔ:lweɪ] (托 3559/9137 -1)
Back: n. 走廊，过道; 门厅; 玄关
分布：走廊(69%)，过道(17%)，门厅(14%)
US ['hɑ:l-] noun countable
■a hall (ENTRANCE)
n. 走廊；门厅；玄关
 - passage, corridor

Word: hitter
Front: hitter
[ˈhɪtə(r)] (6539/34050 -1)
Back: n. 打者，击手，（棒球）击球员; [机]铆钉枪
分布：打击手(72%)，打击的人(28%)
US ['hɪtˌ.ɚ] noun countable
■in baseball, the player whose turn it is to hit the ball 击球手（棒球中轮到击球的球员）
• Davis is expected to see action primarily as a designated hitter (= a player who regularly hits instead of another player, usually instead of the pitcher, each time it is the other player's turn to hit). 大卫斯在比赛中主要担任指定代打，每次轮到其他选手击球时，他代替其他选手（通常为投手）击球。
• In the seventh inning, the manager inserted Trammell as a pinch hitter (= a player who hits instead of another player after the other player has appeared in the game). 在第七回合中，经理安插拉梅尔为代打手，替代比赛中出现过的球员。
n. 击球员；打击者
 - striker, smiter

Word: inky
Front: inky
[ˈɪŋki] (20363/24301)
Back: adj. 墨黑的; 漆黑的; 沾有墨水的; 被墨水弄脏的
分布：漆黑的(78%)，给墨水弄污的(22%)
adjective
■covered with ink 满是墨水的
• inky stains/fingers 墨渍／沾满墨水的手指
■literary
■very dark 漆黑的
• It was night and the water looked cold and inky black. 天黑了，水面看上去冰冷漆黑。
adj. 漆黑的；墨水的；给墨水弄污的
 - pitch-dark, midnight

Word: infertility
Front: infertility
[ˌɪnfɜ:'tɪlətɪ] (11923/21050)
Back: n. 不肥沃，不毛; 不育
分布：不孕(55%)，不育(43%)，不毛(1%)，不肥沃(1%)
ADJ
(人或动物)不能生育的
A person or animal that is infertile is unable to produce babies.
例：According to one survey, one woman in eight is infertile.据我们调查,八分之一的女性不能生育。
ADJ-GRADED
(土壤)不肥沃的,贫瘠的
Infertile soil is of poor quality so that plants cannot grow in it.
例：The polluted waste is often dumped, making the surrounding land infertile.被污染的废物经常被随意倒掉,周边土地因此而变得很贫瘠。
n. 不毛；不肥沃；贫瘠
 - sterility, leanness

Word: indigestion
Front: indigestion
[ˌɪndɪˈdʒestʃən] (托 20451/18856 -1)
Vocabulary: indigestion
(once / 2799 pages)
n
Indigestion is what happens when your body has trouble digesting food and you get a stomach ache. Some indigestion can be avoided by chewing slowly and not eating a large pepperoni pizza for breakfast.
If your stomach feels uncomfortable after a big meal, or you can't stop burping, it's probably indigestion. Some people know what food gives them indigestion, whether it's ice cream, fried foods, or hamburgers, and in many cases indigestion can be soothed with medicine or home remedies like ginger tea or peppermint. Indigestion adds the "not" prefix in- to digestion, which comes from the Latin root digestus, "digested thing."
WORD FAMILY
indigestion: indigestions+/ digest: digested, digester, digestible, digesting, digestion, digestive, digests, predigest/digested: undigested/digester: digesters/digestibility: digestibilities/digestible: digestibility, digestibleness, digestibly, indigestible, nondigestible/ digestion: digestions, indigestion, self-digestion/digestive: digestively, digestives/indigestible: indigestibility, indigestibleness, indigestibly/predigest: predigested, predigesting
USAGE EXAMPLES
Patients often complain of constipation or bloating, difficulty swallowing and indigestion.
Time(Dec 01, 2016)
Heavy farm breakfasts before work got the blame for indigestion, a major preoccupation at the time, and a lighter version became the ideal.
The Guardian(Nov 28, 2016)
The same is true, says the LGA, of other minor ailments, such as coughs, colds and indigestion.
BBC(Nov 04, 2016)
Back: n. [医]消化不良，胃弱; 杂乱; 生硬，难理解; 不消化
分布：消化不良(99%)，不能理解(1%)
→in-,不，非，digestion,消化。
消化不良(in不+digestion消化)[gest,gister=carry,bring,表示"带来,产生"]
noun uncountable
■pain caused in the region of the stomach by the stomach not correctly breaking down food so that it can be used by the body 消化不良；消化不良的不适感
• Do you suffer from indigestion after you have eaten? 你吃过东西后是否会消化不良？
• You'll give yourself indigestion if you swallow your dinner so quickly. 你如果吃饭这么狼吞虎咽会消化不良的。
n. [内科] 消化不良；不消化
 - maldigestion, apepsia

Word: inversely
Front: inversely
[ˌɪn'vɜ:slɪ] (六 19930/24013)
Back: adv. 相反的
分布：相反地(100%)
adv. 相反地；倒转地
 - contrary, counter, backward, conversely

Word: innuendo
Front: innuendo
[ˌɪnjuˈendəʊ] (托宝 14703/18581 -1)
Vocabulary: innuendo
(once / 5310 pages)
n
Speaking in innuendo is when you say something indirectly — often of a hurtful or sexual nature.
Innuendo in Latin means "to point to" or "nod to." When you refer to something indirectly, you point at it without mentioning it, making an innuendo. If your friend who recently stopped speaking to you glares at you across a room as she says to someone else, "I would never lie to someone I called a friend," she's making an innuendo. Without accusing you directly, she's saying she thinks you lied.
WORD FAMILY
innuendo: innuendoes, innuendos
USAGE EXAMPLES
Letterman’s gimmick here was contrast: A glamorous woman with a beguiling accent pounding In-N-Out burgers as a dweeby comic peppered her with innuendo.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
With every evasion, brushoff, innuendo, contortion, rationalization, and attack, they’re working hard, in unison, to steer your attention away from Russia.
Slate(Dec 19, 2016)
What should really distress Americans is that the losers are trying to overturn the election results based on little more than anonymous leaks and innuendo.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 暗讽，讽刺; 影射; [法]文件中的附注句
vt. 暗示; 使用暗讽; 旁敲侧击地表达; [法]加注说明
vi. 影射; 说讽刺话
分布：含沙射影(42%)，讽刺(29%)，说讽刺话(22%)，讥讽(7%)
→来自拉丁语innuere,点头暗示，来自in-,进入，使，-nuere,通知，点头，词源同numinous,nuncio.引申词义影射，暗指。
暗示,含沙射影(点头表示)[nu=nod(点头)]
【记】in里面，nuendo＝nuance（n 细微差别）读：nu盎司－在言语中能够体会出细微的差别－含沙射影
【参】endogenous（adj 内长的；内生的）；insinuate（v 含沙射影地说）
US [-doʊ] (plural innuendoes or innuendos)
noun countable or uncountable
■(the making of) a remark or remarks that suggest something sexual or something unpleasant but do not refer to it directly 影射（的话）；暗讽（的话）
• There's always an element of sexual innuendo in our conversations. 我们的交谈中总有性暗示的成分。
n. 暗讽，讽刺；影射
 - hit, satire
vt. 暗示，旁敲侧击地表达
 - imply, hint at
vi. 影射；说讽刺话
 - talk at, glance at

Word: iodine
Front: iodine
[ˈaɪədi:n] (宝 15564/22029 -1)
Back: n. <化>碘
分布：碘(92%)，碘酒(8%)
→来自希腊语ideides,紫色的，来自io-,紫色，词源同violet,-eides,像，相似，词源同alkaloid,ovoid,idea.后1814年，英国化学家Humphrey Davy借用该希腊词来表示化学元素碘。
碘(iod碘+ine)[-ine 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人或女人"3.表名词"状态,药物等"]
noun uncountable
■an element found in small amounts in sea water and used to prevent infection 碘

Word: irreplaceable
Front: irreplaceable
[ˌɪrɪˈpleɪsəbl] (18029/21187)
Vocabulary: irreplaceable
(once / 22556 pages)
adj
The adjective irreplaceable describes anything that's one of a kind, particularly if it has deep sentimental value to you, like your grandmother's irreplaceable engagement ring.
When you replace something, you get something that's just like it, but if something is irreplaceable, there's just no substitute. It might be a special thing given to you by a loved one, like your great-grandfather's pocket watch or something that can't be made again, like an irreplaceable painting or an old floor made from a species of wood that's no longer harvested.
WORD FAMILY
irreplaceable: irreplaceableness, irreplaceably+/ replace: replaceable, replaced, replacement, replaces, replacing/ replaceable: irreplaceable, replaceability, unreplaceable/ replacement: replacements
USAGE EXAMPLES
When the schedule hits December, and the hitting gets more ferocious, physicality is an irreplaceable edge.
Washington Times(Dec 05, 2016)
"This CD is more important to me than all the furniture. It is irreplaceable."
Reuters(Nov 24, 2016)
Ms. Rehm’s show has proved beyond doubt that women provide a fundamental and irreplaceable perspective in radio.
Washington Post(Nov 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 不能调换的，不能代替的
分布：不可替代的(100%)
→ir-,不，非，replaceable,可替代的。
adjective
■too special, unusual or valuable to replace with something or someone else 不可替代的，独一无二的
• Most of the porcelain you see in the display cabinets is irreplaceable. 你在陈列柜中所见到的瓷器大多是独一无二的。
• No-one's irreplaceable in the workplace. 职场上没有人是无法替代的。

Word: jagged
Front: jagged
[ˈdʒægɪd] (雅宝 9448/11851 -1)
Vocabulary: jagged
(once / 1698 pages)
adj
Something is jagged when it has an uneven edge or quality to it. Teeth can be jagged, saw blades can be jagged, and the edges of leaves can be jagged.
Jagged comes from 16th century English/Scottish and originally referred to a cloth, cut in a way so that the edge is not straight, but that is “toothed.” Imagine a tipsy seamstress trying to cut cloth in a straight line, but her sheers stray this way then that. She’s leaving a jagged edge on the cloth. Or perhaps you have a crush on the seamstress, but she is seen kissing another. Here, she’s leaving a jagged wound on your heart.
WORD FAMILY
jagged: jaggedest, jaggedly, jaggedness+/ jag: jagged, jagging, jaggy, jags
USAGE EXAMPLES
Glamorous Cypress Point, Alister Mackenzie's masterpiece woven through cypress, sand dunes and jagged coastline, wasn't always the darling of America's 100 Greatest.
Golf Digest(Jan 02, 2017)
But the artist complicates things with panels in a range of shapes, often with jagged edges.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
In its early days, the web was a jagged, surreal, and almost experimental space.
Slate(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 参差不齐的; 锯齿状的; 粗糙的
v. 使成锯齿状(jag的过去式和过去分词)
分布：参差不齐的(92%)，动词jag的过去式和过去分词.(8%)
→来自jag,锯齿状缺口，破布。引申词义凹凸不平的，锯齿状的。
【记】jag（n 尖齿），ged－锯齿状的jag读：扎哥－用尖齿扎哥哥
adjective
■rough and with sharp points 有尖突的；锯齿状的；参差不齐的
• a jagged cut/tear 边缘参差不齐的切口／裂口
• jagged rocks 嶙峋的岩石
• a jagged line/edge 锯齿状的线／边缘
adj. [生物] 锯齿状的；参差不齐的
 - serrate, hackly

Word: kitten
Front: kitten
[ˈkɪtn] (9944/10473 -1)
Vocabulary: kitten
(once / 893 pages)
nv
A kitten is a baby cat. There is nothing more adorable then a bunch of fuzzy little kittens playing together.
While there are a few other animals whose young are called kittens, like beavers, rabbits, and rats, the word most commonly describes a baby cat. Kittens are dependent on their mothers for food and protection until they are around six to eight weeks old, when they're still adorable but also able to eat solid food. Kitten comes from the Middle English kitoun, which is rooted in the Old French chitoun, or "little cat."
WORD FAMILY
kitten: kittened, kittening, kittenish, kittens+/ kittenish: kittenishly
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Cute” is dancing toddlers, puppies and clumsy kittens, anything involving that optimal eye-size-to-head-size ratio.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Holding the kitten in your arms firmly, called cradling, which also works well with puppies, will get her used to being gently restrained.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Raindrops on roses, whiskers on kittens … bright copper kettles….
Los Angeles Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 小猫; 小动物
vi. 产小猫
时态：kittened, kittening, kittens
分布：小猫(99%)，生育小猫(1%)
→来自拉丁语cattus,猫，词源同cat.
小猫(kit=cat猫)[-en 1.表动词"变成"2.表形容词"由…制成",通常加在名词后面3.表名词"人或物"]
【记】kitten就是著名的kitty猫
US ['kɪtˌ-] noun countable
■a very young cat 小猫
UK ['kɪt.ən] US ['kɪtˌ-] noun countable
have kittens (US have a cow) informal
■to be very worried, upset or angry about something 心慌意乱；焦躁；恼怒
• My mother nearly had kittens when I said I was going to buy a motorbike. 我说我要买辆轻型摩托车时，我母亲非常不安。
n. 小猫；小动物
 - beastie, catling

Word: millet
Front: millet
[ˈmɪlɪt] (17910/16995 -1)
Back: n. 小米，粟; 稷; 狗尾草属植物; 黍的子实
分布：名词(100%)
→来自拉丁语milium,黍类，粟，词源同mill,mallet.
noun uncountable
■a plant that is similar to grass, or the small seeds from this plant that can be eaten 黍，稷；小米，粟
n. [粮食] 小米； [作物] 粟；稷；黍的子实
 - milet

Word: milieu
Front: milieu
[mi:ˈljɜ:] (托 11563/16108 -1)
Vocabulary: milieu
(once / 8107 pages)
n
A milieu is a surrounding culture. Your family, house, neighborhood, school, and people you hang out with make up your milieu. If you live in a mansion and have rich friends, you’re part of the upper crust milieu. Go you.
A milieu is both "surroundings" and everything that makes up the surroundings. Your milieu is your world, or the context you come from. Sometimes a milieu shapes a person, as when a "milieu of abuse and poverty," inspires someone to improve things for others. Milieu sounds a lot like mildew without the "d," but unless you grew up in a moldy bathtub, mildew probably has little to do with your milieu, or environment.
WORD FAMILY
milieu: milieus, milieux
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Then I was very much concerned about the atmosphere, the milieu,” he says.
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
Before naming the economy, I prefer to name the milieu or zeitgeist—the spirit of the times—the irrational logic that is driving the...
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
It fits into this universe’s milieu with ease and style, while exploring new emotional and narrative terrain.
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 周围; 环境
分布：背景(55%)，周围环境(25%)，栖身所(20%)
→来自法语milieu,来自mi,中间的，词源同middle,lieu,地方，词源同location,lieutenant.引申词义周围的环境，社会环境。
【记】mi中间，lieu地方－在一个地方之中－环境mili拼音：米粒－环顾四周的环境找米粒。
US [mi:l'jɜ:] noun countable (plural milieus or milieux) formal
■the people, physical and social conditions and events which provide the environment in which someone acts or lives 社会背景；周围环境；出身背景
• It is a study of the social and cultural milieu in which Michelangelo lived and worked. 这是一项对米开朗基罗生活和工作所处的社会与文化背景的研究。
n. 环境；周围；出身背景
 - context, circumstance, setting, surrounding, condition

Word: mainline
Front: mainline
[ˈmeɪnlaɪn] (13928/21761)
Back: n. 静脉注射[打针]
分布：主线(92%)，主静脉(8%)
→main,主要的，line,线。比喻用法。
adjective
COMMON 普遍的 usually US involving beliefs, methods, etc. which are most common （信念、方法等）主流的
• mainline churches 主流教会
• the rivalry between catalog companies and mainline stores 邮购公司和普通商店之间的竞争
['meɪn.laɪn] adjective
RAILWAY 铁路
■relating to an important railway route between large towns or cities （铁路的）主干线的
• Three mainline railway stations were closed because of bomb threats. 三个干线车站因炸弹威胁而关闭。
['meɪn.laɪn] verb intransitive or transitive informal
■to inject (= put into the body through a needle) drugs directly into the blood 静脉注射（毒品）
• Several of her friends were mainlining heroin. 她有几个朋友注射海洛因。
• By now she was mainlining. 她至今仍在注射毒品。
n. 主线；静脉注射
 - cardinal line, masterstroke
vi. 沉溺于；注入
 - abandon oneself to, surrender oneself to
adj. 主流的； [交] 沿干线的；传统的
 - traditional, conventional, classic

Word: monotonous
Front: monotonous
[məˈnɒtənəs] (研托雅宝 16805/13743 -1)
Vocabulary: monotonous
(once / 692 pages)
adj
When something goes on and on and on and on and on, the same way, for a long time, that's monotonous. Monotonous things are boring and repetitive, like that long story you've heard your brother tell a hundred times before.
Ever hear a song that just sounds like the same thing over and over? Ever hear a dog that keeps barking all day? Or a voice that's dull and unchanging in tone? All those things are monotonous: they don't change much, and they're dull as dishwater. Anything tedious or humdrum is probably monotonous. If someone says you're being monotonous, try to vary your tone of voice or the things you're talking about.
WORD FAMILY
monotonous: monotonously
USAGE EXAMPLES
Buildings will be limited to 200 feet in length to prevent monotonous building bulk.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
When he carries on alone, speaking to God, questioning and suffering at great, monotonous length, his weakness becomes tedious, as does the film.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
After decades of monotonous overwork, that must seem like the twinkling of an eye.
Economist(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. （声音，话语）单调的，无抑扬顿挫的; 枯燥无味的
分布：单调的(100%)
→来自monotone,单调。
单调的(mono+ton声音+ous→一个声音→单调的)[mono-表示"单个,一个"]
a.单调的,无变化的My don't like my monotonous job.我不喜欢这个单调乏味的工作.
【记】mono单，ton声音，ous一单调的
【反】vociferous（adj 大声叫的；吵闹的）；piebald（adj 花斑的）
US [-'nɑ:.tˌən-] adjective
■staying the same and not changing and therefore boring 单调乏味的；毫无变化的
• a monotonous job 单调的工作
• a monotonous voice 单调的声音
• The music became monotonous after a while. 过了一会儿音乐变得单调起来。
dull, monotonous, tedious, dreary
这组词都有“单调的、乏味的、厌烦的”的意思，其区别是：
dull: 指缺乏鲜明、吸引力或情趣而显得乏味、沉闷。
monotonous: 指没有变化、重复单调的。
tedious: 侧重指文章、演讲、演出等冗长乏味或环境等单调、沉闷，缺乏活力，使感到不舒服。
dreary: 侧重无趣味的，不活泼的事或思想状态。
adj. [声] 单调的，无抑扬顿挫的；无变化的
 - same, flat, blank

Word: matchmaker
Front: matchmaker
[ˈmætʃmeɪkə(r)] (21603/34621)
Back: n. 媒人，介绍人
分布：媒人(85%)，安排比赛的人(15%)
→match,匹配，配偶，maker,产生，制造。比喻用法。
US [-kɚ] noun countable
■a person who tries to arrange marriages or romantic relationships between people 媒人，红娘
n. 媒人；安排比赛的人；火柴制造者
 - marriage broker, go-between

Word: nigger
Front: nigger
[ˈnɪgə(r)] (10305/23240)
Vocabulary: nigger
(once / 554 pages)
n
Nigger is one of the most controversial, complicated words in English. It’s a hateful slur for an African-American, but many African-Americans use the word in a harmless way.
This word is so heavily loaded that an edition of the Mark Twain classic "Huckleberry Finn" censored nigger, replacing it with slave. For many people, this is a horribly offensive, racist word that should never be said by anyone. For others — in particular, younger African-Americans — this is a casual word that’s been reinvented and means something similar to man or buddy. Because it’s a dangerous word, saying the n-word when discussing nigger is common.
WORD FAMILY
nigger: niggers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The African American prisoner Kenneth Fults was executed by Georgia having been sentenced to death by a juror who said “that’s what that nigger deserved”.
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
Wicks, now 69, said that in addition to the “nigger” allegation, Sessions was angered by Wicks refusing to publicly endorse his judicial nomination.
The Guardian(Nov 22, 2016)
When she was interning at the Boston Herald American many years ago, a co-worker wrote a note saying, “Nigger go home.”
The New Yorker(Nov 18, 2016)
Back: n. 黑鬼（蔑称）; 下层人
分布：名词(100%)
→来自Negro,黑人，含有强烈的贬义色彩。
US [-ɚ] offensive
noun countable
■an extremely offensive word for a black person 黑鬼

Word: monstrosity
Front: monstrosity
[mɒnˈstrɒsəti] (20121/19780)
Vocabulary: monstrosity
(once / 4177 pages)
n
A monstrosity is something so hideous that you can hardly stand to look at it, like a zombie or an ugly modern building.
A monster can certainly be described as a monstrosity, but so can anything that is as frightening or disgusting as a monster. A dictator's cruel regime is a monstrosity, and so is a three-headed fish. The word comes from the Latin word for monster, monstrum, with a root, monere, that means "warn," from the tradition of interpreting monstrous, deformed animals as omens — or warnings — of bad luck.
WORD FAMILY
monstrosity: monstrosities+/ monster: monsters, monstrous / monstrous: monstrosity, monstrousest, monstrously
USAGE EXAMPLES
The metallic digits on this lumbering monstrosity are clearly intended to supplant the dexterity and fine motor control found in the human fingertips.
Salon(Dec 27, 2016)
The streets are safer, Mr. Morgenthau said, but “these monstrosities have gone up, and the prices are out of sight.”
New York Times(Nov 23, 2016)
At times the tight rhythm section gets swept up in the monstrosity of the guitar work.
Washington Times(Nov 14, 2016)
Back: n. 庞然大物，怪物，巨兽
分布：巨大而丑陋之物(100%)
→来自monster,怪物。比喻用法。
US [mɑ:n'strɑ:.sə.tˌi] noun countable
■something which is very ugly and usually large 巨大而丑陋的东西
• The new office building is a real monstrosity. 新的办公大楼真是个庞大的怪物。
n. 畸形；可怕的东西；残暴
 - deformity, malformation

Word: observable
Front: observable
[əbˈzɜ:vəbl] (13504/12228)
Vocabulary: observable
(once / 2639 pages)
adj
Something observable can be perceived or detected — you can see it, hear it, or otherwise sense that it's there. An observable change in the temperature outdoors will make you run back in for your hat and gloves.
If an observable hush falls over the dining room when your grandfather clears his throat, it's something that everyone notices. Observable differences between you and your twin sister might include different haircuts and the fact that you wear glasses but she doesn't. Observable things can be sensed (perceived with one of your five senses) or intuited.
WORD FAMILY
observable: observably, unobservable+/ observance: nonobservance, observances/ observant: nonobservant, observantly, unobservant/ observation: observational, observations/observational: observationally/ observatory: observatories/ observe: observable, observance, observant, observation, observatory, observed, observer, observes, observing/ observed: unobserved/ observer: observers/observing: observingly/unobservable: unobservably/unobservant: unobservantly/unobserved: unobservedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Dark matter is an unidentified type of matter comprising approximately 27% of the mass and energy in the observable universe.
BBC(Dec 26, 2016)
We now ascertain that the observable universe exceeds 90 billion light-years across.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Due to the lack of observable insignia, Centcom would not say definitively that it had killed Syrian soldiers.
The Guardian(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 观察得到的，应遵守的，应庆祝的
分布：可观察到的(44%)，值得注意的(31%)，可遵守的(25%)
ADJ
能看得见的；能察觉到的
Something that is observable can be seen.
例：Mars is too faint and too low in the sky to be observable.火星星光暗淡，位置低悬，难以看见。
adj. 显著的；觉察得到的；看得见的
 - obvious, prominent, marked, noted, outstanding

Word: mortimer

Word: pneumatic
Front: pneumatic
[nju:ˈmætɪk] (六 18301/19817)
Vocabulary: pneumatic
(once / 9594 pages)
adj
Pneumatic means "related to air or gas." If you've ever gone to a drive-through bank where you put your deposit in a container that gets shot through a tube into the bank, by a blast of air, then you've used a pneumatic tube.
When you pronounce pneumatic, keep the "p" silent. It comes from the Latin root for breath, and in some cases people call spiritual things "pneumatic." In engineering, when something is described as pneumatic, it usually uses air pressure to move things around, like pneumatic tubes, or like the compressor in the whipped cream that pushes air into the liquid cream as it comes out of the can.
WORD FAMILY
pneumatic: pneumatically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Trash was collected by an underground pneumatic system rather than trucks.
New York Times(Sep 30, 2016)
A pneumatic waste disposal system, obviating the need for garbage cans and trucks, directs all refuse to an automatic central processing facility underground.
The Guardian(Oct 19, 2016)
In the zany spirit of the occasion, it featured such unconventional instruments as pneumatic riveting machines, steam pipes, ocean liner whistles and sledgehammers.
New York Times(Sep 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 充气的; 气动的; 装满空气的; 有气胎的
n. 气胎; 有气胎的自行车; （风琴的）管
分布：充气的(60%)，气动的(40%)
→来自希腊语pneuma,空气，风，呼吸，来自pnein,吹动，呼吸，来自pneu,呼吸，拟声词。
US [nu:'mætˌ-] adjective
■operated by air pressure 由气压操作的；气动的
• Our car has pneumatic brakes. 我们的汽车有气压煞车。
■containing air 充气的
• pneumatic tyres 充气轮胎
adj. [物] [机] [动力] 气动的；充气的； [脊椎] 有气胎的
 - air-actuated, aerated

Word: perversion
Front: perversion
[pəˈvɜ:ʃn] (17326/20668 -1)
Vocabulary: perversion
(once / 2710 pages)
1n 2n
Although most often used to refer to some sort of psychological corruption or abnormal behavior (usually sexual), the word perversion can actually refer to anything that is used for a distorted or wrong purpose.
The Latin word pervertere, which means "turn around," serves as the basis for the noun perversion, suggesting something that is contrary to something else. The word developed a religious meaning in the 15th century, when it came to be used to refer to any distortion of church doctrine. Around 1700, the word developed a secular meaning, denoting what was considered deviant sexual behavior — often any sexual behavior other than that used to reproduce.
WORD FAMILY
perversion: perversions+/ pervert: perversion, perversive, perverted, perverting, perverts/perverted: pervertedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Despite the perversion of the word, it has become impossible to read or watch coverage of the 2016 horror show without finding it everywhere.
Salon(Nov 20, 2016)
What was once considered “immoral” or a “perversion” became normalized.
Salon(Nov 07, 2016)
Jefferson knew that an educated public was the most effective bulwark against “the perversion of power into tyranny.”
Wall Street Journal(Nov 03, 2016)
Back: n. 歪曲，曲解; 变坏; [医]性欲倒错; [心]性变态
分布：反常(31%)，误用(27%)，歪曲(27%)，性变态(15%)
→来自pervert,使颠倒，-s,过去分词格。
US [pɚ'vɝ:-] disapproving
noun countable or uncountable
■sexual behaviour which is considered strange and unpleasant by most people 性变态
• The novels of the Marquis de Sade deal with sexual perversion. 萨德侯爵所著的那些小说描写的是性变态的内容。
■the changing of something so that it is not what it was or should be 歪曲，曲解
• His testimony was clearly a perversion of the truth. 他的证词显然是歪曲事实。
n. 反常；颠倒；曲解；误用；堕落
 - corruption, distortion, degradation, deterioration

Word: plasmodium
Front: plasmodium
[plæz'məʊdɪəm] (41659/-)
Back: n. 原形体，变形体，疟原虫
分布：疟原虫(69%)，原质团(31%)
n. [无脊椎] 疟原虫； [微] 变形体；原形体；多核的原形质块
 - vivax

Word: pastiche
Front: pastiche
[pæˈsti:ʃ] (宝 23731/21466 -1)
Vocabulary: pastiche
(once / 21848 pages)
n
The next time you see a movie that you think is a cheap imitation of an older, better movie, you can sound like a film critic by dismissing the picture as a thoughtless pastiche.
A pastiche is an artwork that copies the style of another work or that combines various, distinct styles together into one work. A pastiche can also be a musical medley, or the piecing together of various songs. Pastiche comes from the Italian word pasticcio, which can refer to a pie containing a mix of ingredients, such as meat and pasta.
WORD FAMILY
pastiche: pastiches
USAGE EXAMPLES
Our critic Stephen Holden writes that in the end, it “becomes a banal, formulaic pastiche of dozens of other like-minded space operas.”
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
By meticulously choreographing a pastiche of domestic bliss and quirky invention, Zuck’s “people” appear to be trying to shift the attention away from 2016’s tribulations.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
A reggae pastiche that’s perfect for the BBQ playlist, this track’s lyrics and energy bustle with Stevie’s signature optimism in the face of rough times.
Slate(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 模仿作品; 拼凑的艺术作品; 集锦; 模仿的艺术风格
分布：模仿作品(53%)，混成曲(47%)
→来自意大利语pasticcio,面团，混成曲，集锦，来自拉丁语pasta,面团。即揉成一团的，比喻用法。
【记】past过去，I，che车：过去的老爷车已经不多了，现在看到的都是模仿制品
【参】pastime（n 消遣；娱乐）
【反】original work（原作）
US [pɑ:'sti:ʃ] noun countable or uncountable
■a piece of art, music, literature, etc. which intentionally copies the style of someone else's work or is intentionally in various styles, or the practice of making art in either of these ways （艺术品、音乐、文学作品等的）模仿作品
• The film is a skilful, witty pastiche of 'Jaws'. 该影片是对《大白鲨》巧妙而诙谐的模仿。
vt. 东拼西凑；混杂
 - scrape together, interweave

Word: penance
Front: penance
[ˈpenəns] (宝 16731/15780)
Vocabulary: penance
(once / 896 pages)
n
Penance is the act of doing a good deed to make up for past wrongs. Shoveling your neighbor's sidewalk all winter could be your penance for not helping rake the leaves that dropped from your tree into his yard during the fall.
Although the noun penance can mean any remorse for past mistakes, or any voluntary action meant to right the wrong, Penance, with a capital P, also specifically refers to a sacrament in the Catholic Church. When a person receives Penance, he or she confesses sins to a priest, and along with a blessing, receives an order to do something, such as say certain prayers. This assignment is also called penance.
WORD FAMILY
penance: penances
USAGE EXAMPLES
But it’s not all penance for the former neo-Nazis who met in Schleife, a village near the Polish border, in early November.
Seattle Times(Dec 09, 2016)
The U.S. was born in slavery, a national sin whose penance was bloodshed and divisions that continue to this day.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 09, 2016)
He paid penance during the World Cup in Brazil, he says, by shunning Fifa-supplied VIP tickets.
The Guardian(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: n. （赎罪的）苦行，苦修
分布：忏悔(46%)，赎罪(29%)，自我惩罚(22%)，使忏悔(3%)
→来自古法语peneance,来自拉丁语paenitentia,忏悔，悔罪，词源同penitence.
赎罪,自我惩罚(pen+ance)[pen,pun=penalty,表示"处罚"]
noun countable or uncountable
■an act which shows that you feel sorry about something that you have done, sometimes for religious reasons 悔过，悔罪；补赎
• As a penance, she said she would buy them all a box of chocolates. 为了表示歉意，她说她要给他们每个人都买一盒巧克力。
• They are doing penance for their sins. 他们正在为自己的罪过而忏悔。
n. 苦修；忏悔
 - confession, shrift

Word: orgasm
Front: orgasm
[ˈɔ:gæzəm] (10463/15677 -1)
Vocabulary: orgasm
(once / 11016 pages)
n
An orgasm is a moment of intense pleasure that is the culmination of sex. People really enjoy orgasms.
A man or a woman gets an orgasm during sex, and it doesn't really matter what kind of sex. Even solo sex — masturbation — produces orgasms. People like orgasms so much that when they enjoy something else — like good music — they sometimes say they had an eargasm. A great movie could bring a fangasm. A vulgar, slang way of saying someone is orgasming is to say they're coming or cumming.
WORD FAMILY
orgasm: orgasms
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s an appropriate finale for a film in which the sexually frustrated main characters all seek to achieve orgasm.
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
Abbie gives Jamie some feminist texts to read, from which he learns, among other things, about the nature of the female orgasm.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Other lessons from this podcast Russian-doll-style dildos can cure vaginismus; having cold feet can help to delay an orgasm.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 极端的兴奋; [医]情欲亢进; 性高潮
分布：性高潮(98%)，兴奋的极点(2%)
→来自希腊语orgasmos,兴奋，膨胀，来自wrog,激增，膨胀。引申词义性兴奋，性高潮。
US ['ɔ:r-] noun countable or uncountable
■the moment of greatest pleasure and excitement in sexual activity 性高潮
• to have an orgasm 出现性高潮
• to achieve/reach orgasm 达到性高潮
n. [生理] 性高潮；极度兴奋
 - big O, fever pitch

Word: potentate
Front: potentate
[ˈpəʊtnteɪt] (宝 28744/33829)
Vocabulary: potentate
(once / 2251 pages)
n
A potentate is a person so powerful they don't have to follow the rules that govern everyone else. Potentate normally refers to a king or dictator, but you can call anyone with virtually unlimited power a potentate.
The king of a country, the conductor of an orchestra, the commander of a battleship—all of these are examples of a potentate. Take a look at potentate, and you'll see the word potent, which means "powerful," as in "that's one potent cup o' joe!" It's easy to see, then, how potent becomes potentate just by adding a few letters. A potentate is a powerful person. Anna Wintour is a potentate of the fashion world, and her decisions can make or break whole careers.
WORD FAMILY
potentate: potentates
USAGE EXAMPLES
Voters laughingly refer to these local potentates as “little Sultans” because they are so powerful.
The Guardian(Nov 20, 2016)
He can be a bully, like some of the Italian potentates Machiavelli lauded.
Washington Post(Nov 10, 2016)
Every room has a mood or personality such as “playful,” “soothing” or “Middle-Eastern potentate.”
Wall Street Journal(Oct 26, 2016)
Back: n. 君主，统治者; 有权势的人
分布：统治者(44%)，君主(43%)，有权的人(13%)
→来自potent,有权的，-ate,人。引申词义君王，统治者。
【记】pot力量，entate－有力量的人－统治者
【参】potency（n 力量）；potent（adj 有力的）；potential（adj 有潜力的）
【反】subject（n 学科；臣民）；powerless person（无势力的人）
US ['poʊ.tˌən-] literary
noun countable
■a ruler who has a lot of power, especially one whose power is not limited, for example by the existence of a parliament 权力大的统治者；（尤指不受议会等约束的）君主
n. 统治者，君主；有权势的人
 - emperor, governor, ruler, sovereignty

Word: ran
Front: ran
[ræn] None
Back: v. 跑( run的过去式 ); 移动; （使）流动; （工作等）进行
分布：动词run的过去式(100%)
■past simple of * run

Word: preen
Front: preen
[pri:n] (宝 19121/20130)
Vocabulary: preen
(once / 8461 pages)
v
When a bird or a cat preens, it smooths its feathers or cleans its fur. When you preen, you primp and pay careful attention to how you're dressed and groomed, as if you're inviting the whole world to watch you.
You can also preen just by puffing yourself up and congratulating yourself for something. You've just landed your triple flip on the ski jump, and, as you swoosh to a stop at the foot of the hill and take off your skis, you preen as you make your way through the adoring crowd.
WORD FAMILY
preen: preened, preening, preens
USAGE EXAMPLES
Many of them sport stylized renderings of leaping fish, lumbering elephants, soaring birds, prancing female nudes and prowling or preening panthers.
Seattle Times(Dec 19, 2016)
He jets around the country holding adulatory victory rallies in the manner of an authoritarian strongman, preening like some latter-day Juan Perón.
Washington Post(Dec 12, 2016)
Is the name of this restaurant in the Shoreditch area of London a cheeky nod to the neighborhood’s preening see-and-be-seen-ness?
New York Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. （鸟）用嘴整理（羽毛）
时态：preened, preening, preens
分布：精心打扮(47%)，整理羽毛(38%)，沾沾自喜(15%)
→来自prune拼写变体，来自prune,使圆润，剪枝，修剪，用于指鸟整理羽毛，引申词义打扮，修饰。
【记】源于：ee象两只看小镜子的眼睛－打扮
【参】plume（v 整理羽毛）
【反】rumple（v 弄皱）；raffle（n 杂物）词性不符
verb
MAKE TIDY 使整洁
intransitive or transitive
■(of a bird) to clean and arrange its feathers using its beak （鸟）用喙整理（羽毛）
intransitive or transitive disapproving
■to spend time making yourself look attractive 精心打扮
• Roald always spends ages preening (himself) before he goes out. 罗阿尔德出门前总是花很长时间精心打扮。
[pri:n] verb
FEEL PROUD 感到骄傲
[R] disapproving
■to feel very proud or satisfied with yourself because of an action or quality 感到得意，感到庆幸
• The government is publicly preening itself on the latest trade figures. 政府因为最近的贸易数字而在大众面前洋洋得意。
• The company preened itself for having taken on so many new employees last year. 该公司为去年招收了那么多新员工而感到颇为满意。
vt. 打扮；用嘴整理；赞扬
 - dress oneself, array

Word: quartile
Front: quartile
[ˈkwɔ:taɪl] (24299/41294)
Vocabulary: quartile
(once / 129883 pages)
n
When statisticians divide things into four equal parts, any one of those parts is called a quartile. You might, for example, hear about a successful school that's in the upper quartile of state test scores.
People studying information about how people live — how much money they make, how healthy they are, how much they travel, what their ages are, what TV shows they watch — often separate them into groups for comparison. It's sometimes easier to examine statistics and information when it's divided into quartiles, or fourths. The original use of the word quartile was in astronomy, to mean "ninety degrees apart," from the Latin root word quartus, "fourth."
WORD FAMILY
quartile: quartiles
USAGE EXAMPLES
Thirty-five percent of workers over all and 66 percent of those in the bottom quartile of income get no paid sick leave.
New York Times(Nov 29, 2016)
It looked at the best-performing quartile of funds over the 2006-10 period and examined how they performed in the next five years.
Economist(Nov 24, 2016)
The fund also ranks in the top quartile of its peers over the last one-, three-, five- and 10-year periods.
New York Times(Oct 14, 2016)
Back: n. 四分位数
分布：四分位数(100%)
→quart-,四，四分之一，-ile,形容词后缀。引申词义四等分，四分位数。

Word: puzzlement
Front: puzzlement
[ˈpʌzlmənt] (18575/16213)
Vocabulary: puzzlement
(once / 16508 pages)
n
When you're feeling confused, you're experiencing puzzlement. Many people have a sense of puzzlement during their first day at a brand new job, while they are trying to figure out how to please the boss and work the coffee machine.
A state of puzzlement is familiar to anyone who's ever been literally lost (on the streets of an unfamiliar city), or figuratively lost (sitting in the wrong math class). If you're puzzled, baffled, confused, or befuddled — that's puzzlement. There's some puzzlement among word experts about where exactly this word comes from. They know puzzle came first, from the earlier pusle, "bewilder," but beyond that its origin is a puzzle.
WORD FAMILY
puzzlement: puzzlements+/ puzzle: puzzled, puzzlement, puzzler, puzzles, puzzling / puzzled: puzzledly/ puzzler: puzzlers/ puzzling: puzzlingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Asking how many people here attend Sunday Mass elicits puzzlement.
New York Times(Dec 06, 2016)
When Aaron Rodgers disappeared into a tiny sideline tent during Monday night’s game against the Eagles, puzzlement grew.
The Guardian(Nov 29, 2016)
His statement was met with puzzlement and derision by some Americans, including US Senator Marco Rubio of Florida, who is of Cuban descent.
The Guardian(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: n. 迷惑，费解; 谜
分布：迷惑(52%)，迷(48%)
['pʌz.l.mənt] formal
noun uncountable
■a state of confusion because you do not understand something 迷惑，困惑
n. 迷惑；费解
 - delusion, befuddlement

Word: promenade
Front: promenade
[ˌprɒməˈnɑ:d] (宝 16011/10370 -1)
Vocabulary: promenade
(once / 1257 pages)
nv
Promenade is a fancy word for going out walking. If you like to stroll through town in a leisurely way, then you like to take promenades.
Besides meaning the nice walk you just took, the noun promenade can also mean a special walking place for pedestrians, like a boardwalk. You can also use it as a verb, and go promenading. In Square Dance, promenade is a move where the couples walk around in a circle, and you might be familiar with the promenade at your high school — or did you just call it "Prom"?
WORD FAMILY
promenade: promenaded, promenades, promenading
USAGE EXAMPLES
In Nice in July, 86 people died during Bastille Day celebrations when a lorry drove into crowds on the Promenade des Anglais.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Beginning in the Afruda district and ending near Espinho’s golden beaches, the path includes wooden walkways above undulating dunes and paved promenades with ocean views.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
Hundreds of port workers and volunteers were scrambling Tuesday to build the enormous tree on a popular beachside promenade in Colombo, Sri Lanka’s capital.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 散步，闲逛; 通道，走廊; 舞会; 骑马
vt. & vi. 漫步; 散步; 骑马
时态：promenaded, promenading, promenades
分布：散步(58%)，漫步(22%)，队列前进(10%)，散步场所(5%)，方块舞(5%)
→pro-,向前，-men,伸出，词源同eminent,mountain.引申词义散步，漫步，后用于指舞会。
【记】pro向前，men男人，ade－男人向前－散步
US [ˌprɑ:.mə'neɪd] noun countable (informal prom)
■a path for walking on, especially one built next to the sea 散步场所；（尤指）海滨步道
• We strolled along on the promenade eating ice-creams. 我们吃着霜淇淋，沿海滨大道散步。
UK [ˌprɒm.ə'nɑ:d] US [ˌprɑ:.mə'neɪd] verb intransitive old-fashioned
■to walk slowly along a road or path for relaxation and pleasure 散步；兜风
vi. 散步
 - have a walk, pasear, to take a walk
vt. 散步，漫步；骑马
 - have a walk, walk along
n. 散步；舞会；骑马
 - ball, walk, dance

Word: reappoint
Front: reappoint
[ˌri:əˈpɔɪnt] (29336/24489)
Back: v. 再任命，重新指定
时态：reappointed, reappointing, reappoints
分布：再任命(60%)，使复职(20%)，再任(20%)
vt. 再任命；重新约定
 - renominate

Word: reeve
Front: reeve
[ri:v] (-/17230)
Back: n. 城镇（或地区的）长官
v. 穿（绳索），穿过
时态：reeved, reeving, reeves
分布：穿过(45%)，雌性流苏鹬(11%)，地方行政官(11%)，采邑总管(11%)，民选议长(11%)，缚住(11%)
→来自古英语 refa,长官，王室官员，词源同 sheriff.
vi. 穿过
 - move through, go across

Word: reprise
Front: reprise
[rɪˈpri:z] (宝 20996/36729 -1)
Vocabulary: reprise
(once / 10516 pages)
v
Reprise means "repeat an earlier role." If you’re asked to reprise your role as "kid entertainer" at the annual family reunion, that means people want you to do it again this year.
Early on, reprise was a part in a song or other musical composition that is repeated. The word still carries that meaning, but now it's more likely to be used as a verb to describe an action or part that is repeated, often a performance. For example, if you played a role in a wildly successful film that is going to have a sequel, you would reprise your role. The word comes from the French word repris, meaning "take back."
WORD FAMILY
reprise: reprised, reprises, reprising
USAGE EXAMPLES
As his character must relive the same day, expect a lot of reprises.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Imagine, if you will, the Cowboys and Pittsburgh Steelers facing off in the Super Bowl in a reprise of their 1970s rivalry.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
She also reprised her role as Princess Leia in the latest Star Wars installment The Force Awakens, released in late 2015.
Time(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. [法]从贵族所有地每年收入中扣除的费用; 重复; 再发生
vt. 重演，重奏
时态：reprised, reprising, reprises
分布：重复(67%)，年金(22%)，再发生(11%)
→re-,向后，往回，-pris,抓住，缩写自 prehens,词源同 prehensile,prison.即抓回，特用于指音乐 片段的重新开始，即乐曲的重奏，重复。
[rɪ'pri:z] specialized
noun countable
■a repeat of something or part of something, especially a piece of music （尤指乐曲的）重复部分，重奏
n. 重复；（从地产每年收入中扣除的）年金
 - repeat, iterance

Word: schmooze
Front: schmooze
[ʃmu:z] (22656/-)
Vocabulary: schmooze
(once / 39398 pages)
vn
When you schmooze at a party, you chat with many different people. Being able to schmooze casually and confidently is a good quality in a hostess or a politician.
If you say, "I just want to stop by the reception and schmooze for a little bit," it means you're going to see who's there and make smalltalk with various people. You might want to schmooze for fun, or take the opportunity to hand out your business card. You can call the conversation itself a schmooze too, and the word comes from the Yiddish shmuesn, "to chat" from shmues, "idle talk," with the Hebrew root shemu'oth, "rumors."
WORD FAMILY
schmooze: schmoozed, schmoozer, schmoozes, schmoozing+/schmoozer: schmoozers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ron Gallo, June 23 at the 5 Spot: Insurgent thrift-store poet overcomes irritating schmoozing crowd with feedback and barbed words.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
There, in a swirl of rock concerts, pool parties and casino nights, he schmoozed with billionaires.
New York Times(Dec 19, 2016)
“I hate schmoozing,” he admitted sheepishly, aware that this was a serious liability in a trade built on personal connections.
New York Times(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: n. & vi. 闲谈; 拍马屁，扯关系; 扯皮，搬弄是非
时态：schmoozed, schmoozing, schmoozes
分布：闲谈(100%)
→来自依地语 shmues,闲聊，来自希伯来语 shemu'oth,谣言，传闻，来自 shamua,听到的，听闻 的，来自 shama',去听，听见，词源同人名 Simon,西蒙，字面意思为倾听。
[ʃmu:z] informal
verb intransitive
■to talk informally with someone, especially in a way that is not sincere or to win some advantage for yourself 闲谈，闲聊
• He spent the entire evening schmoozing with the senator. 他整晚都在和那位参议员闲聊。
n. 闲谈，聊天；扯皮，搬弄是非
 - chat, chit-chat
vi. 闲谈；拍马屁，扯关系
 - visit, dish

Word: scratchy
Front: scratchy
[ˈskrætʃi] (18581/24233)
Back: adj. （书写等）潦草的; （衣服）粗糙的; （录音等）发出咝咝沙沙声的; 不规则的
分布：潦草的(55%)，发刮擦声的(23%)，拙劣的(11%)，发痒的(11%)
→scratch,抓，挠，-y,形容词后缀。引申诸相关比喻义。
adjective
■Scratchy clothes are rough and uncomfortable. 会扎人而粗糙的衣物，穿着不舒服。
■mainly UK
■A scratchy pen does not write easily and without interruption 书写时不顺畅的；出墨情况异常的（用书写不顺的钢笔写字并不容易，且不时会写不出来）
• This pen's scratchy. Have you got another one? 这枝钢笔不好写。你有另外一枝吗？
■A scratchy record, etc. has scratches on it so it makes unpleasant noises when it is played 有刮痕的（有刮痕的唱片由于被擦破，因此播放时会发出刺耳的噪音）
• We spent the evening listening to her scratchy old jazz records. 我们整个晚上都在听她那些刮花了的爵士乐旧唱片。
adj. 潦草的；刺痒的；草率的；发刮擦声的
 - brief, rough-and-ready

Word: saucer
Front: saucer
[ˈsɔ:sə(r)] (高研四六托 10769/9123 -1)
Vocabulary: saucer
(once / 1537 pages)
n
A saucer is a small, rounded dish that sits beneath a tea or coffee cup. Other kinds of saucers include objects with a similar round shape — like a flying saucer.
Saucers that live under cups are useful for catching drips from and protecting the table. Many mugs and cups come without saucers, but the cups in a traditional tea service have matching saucers, and coffee cups at a restaurant or cafe are also frequently served with saucers. Objects with a similar round shape can also be called saucers, including flying saucers and saucer-shaped TV antennas. The very earliest saucers were small sauce dishes, and the word stems from the Latin salsus, or "sauce."
WORD FAMILY
saucer: saucers
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I’d like to say it’s all the saucer passes and toe drags, but no, it’s definitely simplicity with us,” Hendricks said.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Its centerpiece is a huge, flat dome more than 2,000 feet in diameter that even the temple concedes looks like a flying saucer.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
I reluctantly fetched him coffee, with sprinkled cookies Mom added to the saucer.
Salon(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. 茶杯托，茶碟; （放花盆的）垫盘（等）; 浅碟形盆地; 〈美〉拳击场
分布：碟子(57%)，茶托(43%)
→sauce,调味汁，-er,表物。即装调料的碟子，后词义通用化。
n.茶托,碟子He is drinking with a cup and saucer.他正在用带茶托的茶杯喝茶.
US ['sɑ:.sɚ] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a small curved plate which you put a cup on 茶碟，茶托
• a cup and saucer 茶杯和茶托
• She gave the cat a saucer of milk (= a small amount of milk on a saucer). 她给猫一小碟牛奶。
n. 茶托，浅碟；浅碟形物；眼睛
 - eye, optic

Word: romanticism
Vocabulary: romanticism
(once / 6538 pages)
n
Movies that present emotional stories of love, terror, and rescue, appeal to your sense of romanticism. Highly-charged situations of love and loss allow you to escape reality for a little while.
The suffix ism indicates a condition, so romanticism is the condition of being romantic, or yearning for the imaginative and adventurous. The word originally meant "of the Roman style," and referred to using Romance languages rather than the Frankish, or Germanic. It then came to mean Medieval tales of knightly chivalry, and later included love stories. In the late 18th Century, Romanticism became a major artistic movement, infusing art, music, and literature with the emotional cores of adventure and love.
WORD FAMILY
romanticism: neoromanticism, romanticist, romanticistic+/ romance: romanced, romances, romancing, romantic / romantic: romantically, romanticise, romanticism, romanticize, romantics, unromantic/romanticise: romanticisation, romanticised, romanticises, romanticising/romanticist: romanticists/ romanticize: romanticization, romanticized, romanticizes, romanticizing/unromantic: unromantically
USAGE EXAMPLES
The romanticism of Paterson’s artistic isolation, of the solitary pursuit of art by a seeming separate inspiration, is an intoxicating myth.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
Below the movie’s screwball shenanigans is a core of romanticism signaled in its soundtrack.
New York Times(Nov 22, 2016)
I think we each just got caught up in the romanticism of it all.
New York Times(Nov 02, 2016)

Word: riverhead

Word: shortcut
Front: shortcut
['ʃɔ:tkʌt] (六托 11087/24059)
Back: n. 捷径，近路; 被切短的东西
分布：快捷键(53%)，捷径(38%)，近路(4%)，走捷径(3%)，抄近路(2%)
US ['ʃɔ:rt-] noun countable
■a route which leads from one place to another which is quicker and more direct than the usual route 近路，捷径
• I know a shortcut to town through the back streets. 我知道一条从后街到城里的近路。
■a quicker way of doing something in order to save time or effort （做…的）捷径
■in computing, a quick way to start or use a computer program （电脑操作中的）快捷方式
• a shortcut key 快捷键
n. 捷径；被切短的东西
 - highway, cut-short

Word: snooker
Front: snooker
[ˈsnu:kə(r)] (34159/9084 -1)
Back: n. 斯诺克台球
vt. 阻挠，阻止; 欺骗，骗取
时态：snookered, snookering, snookers
分布：斯诺克(63%)，台球(29%)，欺骗(6%)，挫败(1%)，斯诺克比赛中的障碍球(1%)
→来自英国驻扎印度时期的俚词词 snooker,新兵，新手，实习军官，该词本身可能改写自 rookie, 俚语发音自 recruit.后用于指斯诺克台球，一个较流行的故事版本是约在 1874 年，当时的陆 军中尉 Sir Neville Chamberlain 和其它军官在击台球的时候，对方一个简单的球没有击入球 网，因此，他就戏谑的称其为 snooker.最终该俚语词神奇的成为了这种台球的正式名称，并 由于在击球中的技巧和战术引申词义阻挠，欺骗等。
US [-kɚ] noun uncountable
■a game played by two people in which cues (= long thin poles) are used to hit 15 red balls and 6 balls of different colours into six holes around a table covered in soft cloth in a fixed order 斯诺克撞球，撞球 Compare pool
UK ['snu:.kər] US [-kɚ] verb transitive UK to prevent someone from finishing an intended plan of action 阻挠；使落空
• We had intended to go driving around Scotland, but unless I can get my licence we're snookered. 我们原打算开车环游苏格兰，但计划可能会落空，除非我能拿到驾照。
US
■to deceive or trick someone 欺骗
vt. 阻挠
 - stimy

Word: sparrow
Front: sparrow
[ˈspærəʊ] (高四六托 14123/14590 -1)
Vocabulary: sparrow
(once / 820 pages)
n
A sparrow is a small brown bird. Sparrows live near humans and have a pretty, musical song.
A sparrow is a different bird in the US than it is in other parts of the world. A "true sparrow" is found mainly in Europe, where it commonly nests in the eaves of buildings and in trees in cities. American sparrows got their name because they resemble true sparrows at first glance — they're both small, round, brownish birds — but they're from completely different families.
WORD FAMILY
sparrow: sparrows
USAGE EXAMPLES
Male sparrows retaliate when females are unfaithful by providing less food.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
After meandering for an hour about fields, streams and forests, I often see nothing — or the equivalent: only juncos, aptly named, or common sparrows.
Washington Post(Dec 02, 2016)
Head teacher Gillian Sparrow said the idea came following concerns about childhood obesity.
BBC(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 麻雀; 〈美〉个子小的人
分布：麻雀(100%)
→来自古英语 spearwa,来自 Proto-Germanic*sparwan,来自 sper,麻雀，小鸟，可能来自拟声
US ['sper.oʊ] noun countable
■a small grey-brown bird which is especially common in towns 麻雀
n. 麻雀；矮小的人
 - small, spadger

Word: skinner
Front: skinner
['skɪnə] (31858/9163)
Back: n. 皮革商; 剥皮工人; 骗子; 赶牲口者
分布：剥皮工人(60%)，皮商(20%)，联畜运输车驾驭者(20%)
n. 剥皮工人；皮革商；骗子
 - fraud, sharp

Word: sprat
Front: sprat
[spræt] (-/36460)
Back: n. 鲱鱼属的小鱼，瘦小个子，小人物
vi. 捕西鲱鱼
分布：小个子(67%)，西鲱鱼(33%)
→改写自 sprot,来自古英语 sprott,小鲱鱼，可能来自 sper,播洒，播种，展开，词源同 spark,spread.因这种小鲱鱼成群出现而得名。
noun countable
■a small fish that can be eaten which lives in the sea 小鳁（一种小海鱼，可食用）
n. 鲱属小海鱼；瘦小个子；小人物
 - nobody, worm

Word: smut
Front: smut
[smʌt] (28418/34742)
Back: n. （一小块）污垢; 煤烟; 淫秽的书籍（故事，谈话等）; （禾草、禾谷类的）黑粉病
vi. 弄脏; 患黑穗病
vt. 弄脏; 使害上黑穗病
时态：smutted, smutting, smuts
分布：黑穗病(76%)，淫秽内容(12%)，污物(6%)，污染(6%)
→来自动词 smutten,玷污，弄脏，来自 Proto-Germanic*smitan,涂抹，来自 sme,涂抹，词源 同 smear.引申词义污秽言语，淫秽小说等。
noun
SEXUAL MATERIAL 色情内容
uncountable disapproving
■magazines, books, pictures, films, jokes or conversations which offend some people because they relate to sex （杂志、图书、图片、电影等）淫秽作品，淫秽话语
• There's an awful lot of smut on television these days. 如今的电视里充斥了大量淫秽画面。
• Patrick's conversations are always full of smut. 派翠克的谈话总是充满了污言秽语。
[smʌt] noun
DIRT 灰尘
countable or uncountable
■dirt or ash (= powder left when something has burned) that makes a mark on something 污迹，污垢
n. [植保] 黑穗病；煤尘；污迹
 - dust-brand, powdered coal
vi. 弄脏； [植保] 患黑穗病
 - to smear
vt. 弄脏；使害上黑穗病
 - soil, mud, spot, dirty

Word: stagecoach
Front: stagecoach
[ˈsteɪdʒkəʊtʃ] (托 20090/27123)
Back: n. 驿马车
分布：公共马车(71%)，驿马车(29%)
US [-koʊtʃ] noun countable
■(in the past) a covered vehicle pulled by horses that carried passengers and goods on regular routes （旧时的）驿马车，公共马车
n. 公共马车；驿站马车
 - dawk

Word: sorcerer
Front: sorcerer
[ˈsɔ:sərə(r)] (16992/25195)
Vocabulary: sorcerer
(once / 2167 pages)
n
Magical, mysterious, and quite possibly mythical, a sorcerer is a name for a spell-casting wizard.
Use the noun sorcerer when you're talking about a magician who practices enchantments and conjures spells. Sorcerers appear in many fantasy novels and Shakespeare plays. The word for a female sorcerer is sorceress. The Latin word sors, "fate or fortune," is at the root of sorcerer, which didn't come into popular use until after the 1940 release of the Disney film "Fantasia," which featured Mickey Mouse as the character "the sorcerer's apprentice."
WORD FAMILY
sorcerer: sorcerers+/sorcerize: sorcerized/sorcerous: sorcerously/ sorcery: sorcerer, sorceries, sorcerise, sorcerize, sorcerous
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mysticism and hexes and sorcerers are the stuff of daily life here.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone, for example, is nearly unwatchable—and that series turned out OK.
Slate(Nov 17, 2016)
If the title sounds odd to American readers, that’s because in the U.S., the stone was a sorcerer’s.
New York Times(Nov 15, 2016)
Back: n. 男巫，方士，施魔法者
分布：魔术师(80%)，男巫士(20%)
→sorcery,巫术，-er,人。
US ['sɔ:r.sɚ.ɚ] noun countable
■in stories, a man who has magical powers and who uses them to harm other people 巫师，术士，魔法师
n. 魔术师；男巫士
 - magician, charmer

Word: succinct
Front: succinct
[səkˈsɪŋkt] (托雅宝 19254/18625 -1)
Vocabulary: succinct
(once / 3756 pages)
adj
Something that is succinct is short and clear. If you're going to be interviewed on television about your new book and only have a five minute slot, you'll need to come up with a succinct version of your story.
Succinct, meaning "short and to the point," is from the Latin succingere, "to tuck up." Often after you write a long essay, you realize you probably could have said the same thing in one or two succinct pages. If something is too succinct, we might call it terse. Another synonym is concise, which implies that unnecessary material has been removed. It's the opposite of wordy.
WORD FAMILY
succinct: succincter, succinctest, succinctly, succinctness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Practice describing your achievements in succinct, thoughtful terms.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
When your risk of being misunderstood is so high, I suggest a succinct but honest response.
The Guardian(Dec 09, 2016)
And Mr. Ellison was succinct: “We’ve got a lot of rebuilding to do.”
New York Times(Dec 03, 2016)
Back: adj. 简明的，简洁的，简练的; <古>束紧的，像是用腰带围绕的
分布：简洁的(100%)
→suc-,在下，-cinct,带子，词源同 cincture,precinct.即系紧腰带的，引申比喻义简明的。
简洁的,简明的(suc+cinct捆→在下面先捆好→简洁的)[suc-,suf-,sup-,sur-等在同辅音词根前表示"在…下面"]
简洁的[cinct=bins(捆)]
【记】suc下面，cinct减去：把话的下面减去－简练的
【反】voluble（adj 爱说话的）；verbose（adj 详细冗长的）；babble（v 喋喋不休）－express succinctly（简洁地表达）
[sək'sɪŋkt] approving
adjective
■said in a clear and short way; expressing what needs to be said without unnecessary words 简明的；言简意赅的
• Keep your letter succinct and to the point. 信一定要写得简明扼要。
concise, succinct, curt, brief
这组词都有“简短的”的意思，其区别是：
concise: a. (文字等的)简要、精练，常含有保留主要部分的意思。
 • His letter was concise, omitting everything not pertinent to the job.   他的信写得简明扼要，省略掉了所有与该项工作无关的部分。
succinct: a.简明的，简洁的，简练的，尤指用词简练，除含有concise的意思外，还有经过压缩的或简化的意思。
 • succinct summary of the argument   论点的概要
curt: a.三言两语的，简短的，常含有"草率"的意思。
 • He asked his boss a question, but got a curt reply , "I have no time for you now!"   他问老板一个问题，但是老板草率的说："我没时间搭理你。"
brief: a.简明扼要的，简短的，指时间短暂，办事利索，态度明了等；有时含有"虽短但却不失全面"的意味。
 • The manager made a brief statement to open the meeting.   经理致了简短的开幕词。
adj. 简洁的；简明的；紧身的
 - brief, concise, compact

Word: statism
Front: statism
[ˈsteɪtɪzəm] (34205/-)
Back: n. 中央集权下的经济统制
分布：中央集权制(67%)，国家统制(33%)
→来自 state,国家，-ism,主义，思想，行为。引申词义中央集权制。
n. 国家主义；中央集权制；中央集权下的经济统制
 - nationalism, centralism

Word: taciturn
Front: taciturn
[ˈtæsɪtɜ:n] (宝 -/32971)
Vocabulary: taciturn
(once / 2407 pages)
adj
Someone who is taciturn is reserved, not loud and talkative. The word itself refers to the trait of reticence, of seeming aloof and uncommunicative. A taciturn person might be snobby, naturally quiet, or just shy.
Having its origin in the Latin tacitus, "silent," taciturn came to be used in mid-18th-century English in the sense "habitually silent." Taciturnity is often considered a negative trait, as it suggests someone uncommunicative and too quiet. Jane Austen wrote, "We are each of an unsocial, taciturn disposition, unwilling to speak, unless we expect to say something that will amaze the whole room, and be handed down to posterity with all the éclat of a proverb."
WORD FAMILY
taciturn: taciturnity, taciturnly+/ taciturnity: taciturnities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Twitter was also separately criticized for its taciturn approach to dealing with abusive tweets, including racist attacks and threats of violence.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
The taciturn man whom colleagues praised as a “titan of the Senate”, who was “blunt even about his bluntness”, said he left with no regrets.
The Guardian(Dec 11, 2016)
Most of Clinton’s speech was about Reid, the taciturn senator from Nevada who helped deliver the votes needed to pass President Barack Obama’s healthcare law.
The Guardian(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: adj. 沉默寡言的，不爱说话的
分布：沉默寡言的(100%)
→来自 tacit,安静的，-urn,形容词后缀。引申词义不苟言笑的。
【反】loquacious（adj 多话的）；prolix（adj 罗嗦的）；glib（adj 口齿伶俐的）;voluble（adj 爱说话的）；expansive（adj 易膨胀的；豪爽的）
US [-ə.tɝ:n] adjective
■saying little, especially usually 沉默寡言的
• He's a reserved, taciturn person. 他是个矜持寡言的人。
adj. 沉默寡言的；无言的，不太说话的
 - uncommunicative, incommunicative

Word: superlative
Front: superlative
[suˈpɜ:lətɪv] (宝 24360/23594 -1)
Vocabulary: superlative
(once / 2495 pages)
adjn
A superlative is the highest attainable level or degree of something. As an adjective superlative means highest in quality.
When your history test results are superlative, it means you've gotten a perfect score — you've done as well as can be done, if not better than everyone else. There are times, however, when a superlative is an exaggerated expression of praise, as when a movie reviewer gets carried away with compliments and says in January that this is "the best film of the year."
WORD FAMILY
superlative: superlatively, superlatives
USAGE EXAMPLES
However, the group’s latest album, the superlative “Strange Little Birds,” unfairly slipped under the radar.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
China lends itself easily to superlatives and simplifications—the next global superpower, the world’s greatest growth story, a bubble about to pop.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 13, 2016)
She added: "Both a treat and a triumph, this is a superlative night out in the West End."
BBC(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. 最高的; 最高级的; 过度的
n. 最高级; 最好的人; 最高程度
分布：过度的(27%)，极致(23%)，高超的(17%)，完璧(11%)，最上的(11%)，最高级的言辞(11%)
→super-,在上，上方，-lat,携带，承载，词源同 relate,translate.用于语法格指形容词最高级形式。
最高的n.最高级(supe在...上面+lat+ive→带到上面→最高的)[lat=bring,out,表示"拿出,带出"]
US [-'pɝ:.lə.ɪv] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■the form of an adjective or adverb which expresses that the thing or person being described has more of the particular quality than anything or anyone else of the same type （形容词或副词的）最高级形式
• 'Richest' is the superlative of 'rich'. richest 是 rich 的最高级（形式）。
• The magazine article contained so many superlatives that I found it hard to believe that what it was saying was true. 杂志上的这篇文章用了这么多最高级修饰词，让我觉得可信度不高。
UK [su:'pɜ:.lə.tɪv] US [-'pɝ:.lə.ɪv] adjective
BEST 最好的
■of the highest quality; the best 品质最优的，最好的，最优秀的
• We went to a superlative restaurant. 我们去了一家最好的餐馆。
UK [su:'pɜ:.lə.tɪv] US [-'pɝ:.lə.ɪv] adjective
GRAMMAR 文法
■relating to the superlative of an adjective or adverb （与某一形容词或副词的）最高级有关的
adj. 最高的；最高级的；过度的
 - highest, supreme, maximum, peak, top
n. 最高级；最好的人；最高程度；夸大话
 - best, surfine

Word: urchin
Front: urchin
[ˈɜ:tʃɪn] (雅宝 15461/15498)
Vocabulary: urchin
(once / 2264 pages)
n
That young child dressed in dirty hand-me-downs and running rampant through city streets is an urchin. Street urchins, as they are commonly called, have a reputation for getting into trouble.
Strangely enough, urchin, pronounced "UR-chin," comes from the 13th century French word yrichon, which means “hedgehog,” and is still used as such in parts of England today. As for people who are urchins, perhaps they got the name because at the time, they were so small, wild and many in number — like hedgehogs. The 19th century novelist Charles Dickens wrote about so many fictional urchins, most famously Oliver Twist, that dickens has become a synonym for urchin.
WORD FAMILY
urchin: urchins
USAGE EXAMPLES
He said the urchin was a delicacy, like caviar, much relished by sea otters and starfish.
New York Times(Aug 30, 2016)
In addition, he said he found strong evidence for major, sustained population collapses of two urchins, one large predatory gastropod and a reef-building gastropod.
The Guardian(Dec 05, 2016)
The fire urchin has quills that are very toxic to humans - the shrimps avoid this danger by seeking out safe areas between the quills.
BBC(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: n. 顽童; 淘气鬼; <主英><动>猬; <动>海胆
分布：顽童(100%)
→来自拉丁语ericius,刺猬，来自ghers,刺，刺毛，词源同horror.
【记】ur，chin＝child：顽童
US ['ɝ:-] old-fashioned or humorous
noun countable
■a small child, especially one who behaves badly and is dirty or untidily dressed （尤指肮脏淘气的）小孩
• a street urchin 街头顽童
n. 顽童，淘气鬼；海胆；刺猥
 - monkey, elf

Word: vicissitude
Front: vicissitude
[vɪˈsɪsɪtju:d] (宝 21864/20122)
Vocabulary: vicissitude
(once / 1701 pages)
n
When you talk of the vicissitudes of life, you're referring to the difficult times that we all go through: sickness, job loss, and other unwelcome episodes. No one can escape the vicissitudes of life.
While vicissitude comes from the Latin vicis, which means "change" and technically can mean a change of any kind, you'll find that vicissitude is almost always used to talk about an unfortunate event or circumstance. Losing a pet, crashing the car, being called in for jury duty: these are examples of vicissitudes — chapters in one's life that one would rather avoid but must get through. Some lives have more vicissitudes than others, to be sure, but no life is without events that test and challenge us.
WORD FAMILY
vicissitude: vicissitudes
USAGE EXAMPLES
Catholic Charities enlisted Mr. Perry in a number of programs to help with the vicissitudes governing his young life.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Alexandra Zapruder writes with passion and clarity about the vicissitudes of bearing a famous name without having been involved with its celebrity or notoriety.
Washington Post(Nov 16, 2016)
Many chicks still make it to adulthood but suffer seriously reduced body weights which leave them less able to withstand the vicissitudes of sea life.
The Guardian(Oct 02, 2016)
Back: n. 变迁兴衰
分布：变迁(76%)，盛衰(8%)，变化(8%)，沉浮(4%)，兴败(2%)，交替(2%)
→来自拉丁语vicis,改变，交流，继任，来自weik,弯，转，词源同week,vicarious。引申词义变迁，兴衰荣辱。
n. 变迁；盛衰；变化无常；变迁兴衰
 - flux, ups and downs

Word: undivided
Front: undivided
[ˌʌndɪˈvaɪdɪd] (高 20480/19323)
Back: adj. 未分开的; 全神贯注的; 一心一意的; 得到某人的全心关注
分布：专一的(85%)，没分开的(15%)
adjective
■existing as a whole, not in separate parts 统一的；未分开的
undivided attention
■complete attention 全部注意力
• If you just wait till I've finished this bit of work you will have /I will give you my undivided attention. 只要等我完成了手头的这点活儿，我会全力为你效劳。
adj. 专心的；专一的；未分开的；完整的
 - focused, whole, complete, integrated, full

Word: vassal
Front: vassal
[ˈvæsl] (27120/17469)
Vocabulary: vassal
(once / 1135 pages)
n
If this were Medieval Europe, you would probably be a vassal — like most everyone else. Vassals were people who worked the vast plots of land that were held by lords, who though much fewer in number, held all the wealth and power.
In days of yore, vassals pledged devotion to feudal lords, who were the landowners, in exchange for protection and use of the land—-called a fief. Use vassal when referring to a servant, or anyone wholly dependent on another, or to describe a place that is controlled by one that is more powerful. For example, during World War II, Poland was a vassal of Germany.
WORD FAMILY
vassal: vassals
USAGE EXAMPLES
He has indicated he favors cooler relations with the U.S., saying Europe shouldn’t be Washington’s “vassal.”
Wall Street Journal(Nov 21, 2016)
“And our party has been loyal vassals for Queen Park Geun-hye.”
New York Times(Nov 21, 2016)
“You know, the Philippines is not a vassal state,” he replied.
The New Yorker(Nov 13, 2016)
Back: n. 奴仆; <史>（封建时代）诸侯; 从属者; 下属
adj. 奴仆的; 奴隶的; 臣的; 附庸的
分布：附庸(44%)，属国(18%)，封臣(16%)，诸侯(12%)，奴仆的(6%)，隶属的(4%)
→来自拉丁语vassus,仆人，词源同valet,varlet，用于指封臣。
n. 诸侯；封臣
 - leud, homager

Word: ticker
Front: ticker
[ˈtɪkə(r)] (18563/35972)
Back: n. 老式的股票价格收报机; 庆祝、欢迎等场合所散发的五彩纸带; <俚>心脏
分布：心脏(80%)，股票行情自动收录器(10%)，滴答作响的东西(10%)
→俚语，来自 tick,滴答声。
US [-ɚ] informal
noun countable
■a heart 心脏
n. 滴答响的东西；自动收报机；钟表；断续器
 - horologium, tikker

Word: yucca
Front: yucca
[ˈjʌkə] (22741/44084)
Back: n. 丝兰
分布：丝兰(80%)，丝兰花(20%)
→来自加勒比海地语。
noun countable
■a plant with long, stiff leaves on a thick, woody stem and sometimes white, bell-shaped flowers 丝兰（叶长而坚挺，茎干粗，有时开白色钟形花）
n. 丝兰
 - Spanish bayonet

Word: abjure
Front: abjure
[əbˈdʒʊə(r)] (宝 30718/35014)
Vocabulary: abjure
(once / 3003 pages)
v
Abjure means to swear off, and it applies to something you once believed. You can abjure a religious faith, you can abjure your love of another person, and you can abjure the practice of using excessive force in interrogation.
Abjure is a more dramatic way to declare your rejection of something you once felt or believed. When you see its Latin roots, it makes sense: from ab- (meaning "away") and jurare ("to swear"). When you abjure something, you swear it away and dissociate yourself with it. You might abjure the field of astrology after receiving a bad fortune, or you might abjure marriage after a bitter divorce.
WORD FAMILY
abjure: abjuration, abjured, abjurer, abjures, abjuring+/ abjuration: abjurations/abjurer: abjurers
USAGE EXAMPLES
His new plan would introduce “gender perspectives” into the national curriculum, encouraging teachers “constantly to refer to both sexes” and to abjure sexual stereotypes.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
I hope there’s to be no talk of Atwood’s abjuring magic, or any nonsense like that.
The Guardian(Oct 15, 2016)
It is unclear what the kittens have against Firefox, though I suppose it is possible they simply abjure all cute fuzzy competition.
The Verge(Jun 03, 2016)
Back: vt. 发誓放弃; 郑重放弃（意见）; 宣布撤回（声明等）; 避免
n. 发誓弃绝; 发誓弃绝者，正式放弃者
adj. 发誓弃绝的，正式放弃的
时态：abjured, abjuring, abjures
分布：公开放弃(67%)，发誓弃绝(33%)
→前缀ab-,离开。词根jure, 发誓,同adjure, 命令发誓讲真话。
发誓放弃(ab离开+jure→发誓离开→放弃)[jur,juris=swear,law,表示"发誓,法律"]
【参】perjury（n 伪誓，伪证）；jury（n 陪审团）
【反】espouse（v 支持）；affirm（v 坚决肯定）；embrace（v 拥护）
US [-dʒʊr] formal
verb transitive
■to state publicly that you no longer agree with a belief or way of behaving 公开放弃，声明弃绝
• He abjured his religion/his life of dissipation. 他放弃了所信仰的宗教／结束了放荡的生活。
vt. 发誓放弃；公开放弃；避免
 - escape, shun

Word: wee
Front: wee
[wi:] (12027/5177 -2)
Back: adj. 很小的，极小的; 很早的
n. 一点点; 一会儿
时态：weed, weeing, wees
分布：极小的(84%)，微量的(16%)
→来自weight的口语，来自短语a littel wei,即少量的，很小的。
adjective [before noun] Scottish English or informal
■small; little 小的；很小的
• There's a wee cottage inside the grounds. 那片活动场地里有一间很小的村舍。
• Would you care for a wee bit more to eat? 你想再吃一点吗？
[wi:] verb intransitive (also wee-wee) informal or child's word
■to urinate 排尿，小便
• Daddy, I want to wee! 爸爸，我想撒尿！
[wi:] noun
countable usually singular informal (also child's word wee-wee)
■when someone urinates 排尿，小便
• "God, I need a wee!" she said. “天啊，我要撒尿！”她说道。
• child's word Do you need/want (to do) a wee-wee before we go out? 我们出去之前你要不要去小便？
uncountable
■urine 尿
adj. 极小的；很早的
 - itty-bitty, teeny
n. 一点点
 - little bit, smitch

Word: abbot
Front: abbot
[ˈæbət] (21439/9276)
Vocabulary: abbot
(once / 558 pages)
n
An abbot is the head of a monastery. Just as businesses have bosses and teams have coaches, the monastery has an abbot.
The word abbot comes from the Greek abbas, which means "father” as a title with honor. An abbot is the superior of a monastery, the father of the fathers — in other words. Other monks must obey the abbot, and the abbot should lead and inspire all the monks.
WORD FAMILY
abbot: abbacy, abbots+/abbacy: abbacies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Staff at Abbot Northwestern Hospital didn’t realize the mistake until a patient who delivered twins said something was wrong.
Washington Times(Dec 07, 2016)
With the abbot’s blessing, they needed a hand up to get the roasting started.
Washington Times(Dec 03, 2016)
The two abbots have not spoken out publicly against the demolitions, and have in fact told residents not to oppose the government.
New York Times(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: n. 男修道院院长; 隐修院院长; 大寺院男住持; 男修道院院长的职务
分布：男修道院院长(100%)
→词源同abba,阿爸，喻指神，上帝。比较pope,教皇，来自打丁语papa,阿爸, 最终同abba.
noun countable
■a man who is in charge of a monastery 男修道院院长
n. 男修道院院长；大寺院男住持
 - abbe

Word: vox
Front: vox
[vɒks] (-/30154)
Back: n. <拉>嗓音，声音
分布：声音(100%)
n. （拉）声音；嗓音
 - voice, organ, sound, throat

Word: anthology
Front: anthology
[ænˈθɒlədʒi] (托雅宝 10276/15096 -1)
Vocabulary: anthology
(once / 3275 pages)
n
A collection of writings is an anthology. The heavy textbooks that span the literature of an entire culture and that school children transport in over-sized backpacks with wheels? Those are anthologies.
An anthology used to be just a collection of poetry, and the word came from the 17th-century Greek word anthologia for "flower gathering" or "collecting." A contemporary anthology can include anything from classic literature to rap music lyrics. Often an anthology focuses on one type, or genre, of writing, as in an anthology of horse riding haikus, or even an anthology of writings on writing. However, sometimes textbook-style anthologies — like Global Literature — will ambitiously try to include works from writers throughout the ages and from throughout the world.
WORD FAMILY
anthology: anthologies, anthologise, anthologist, anthologize+/anthologist: anthologists/anthologize: anthologized, anthologizes, anthologizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
While shooting the movie, Gerwig toted around a copy of Susan Sontag’s book “On Photography” or the ’70s feminist essay anthology “Sisterhood Is Powerful.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Last year, those projects — other than the fund-raising for Anthology — produced tangible results.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
As seductive as the idea and as likable as its executor are, the anthology is handicapped by two serious problems.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. （诗、文等的）选集
分布：选集(74%)，文选(26%)
→词根anth，花。词根log, 摘，拾，收集，此处用摘花比喻选出好的文章。同leg, 本义为摘，拾，见collect, 收集，elect, 选出。引申义1）法律，收集的规则，见legal, 合法的。2）词，说话，见lecture, 演讲，lexicon,词典。3）木头，煤，指收集的木头，见ligneous, 木质的，lignite, 褐煤。
选集[anth=flower(花)]
【记】antho花束，logy＝logos集合－像花一样的集合－诗集
【参】anthesis（n 开花期）；chrysanthemum（n 菊花）
US [-'θɑ:.lə-] noun countable
■a collection of artistic works which have a similar form or subject, often those considered to be the best （艺术作品的）选集；（常指）精选集
• an anthology of modern quotations/American verse 现代名言集粹／美国诗歌选集
• This Bob Dylan anthology includes some rare recordings of his best songs. 巴布‧狄伦的这张歌曲集收录了他一些最佳歌曲的珍贵录音。
Compare omnibus
n. （诗、文、曲、画等的） [图情] 选集
 - selection, selected works

Word: afrikaans

Word: aesthete
Front: aesthete
[ˈi:sθi:t] (宝 29682/34101)
Vocabulary: aesthete
(once / 38375 pages)
n
Someone who claims to be concerned only with matters of art and beauty is known as an aesthete. Depending on the way he goes about it, he might also be known as a snob.
The Greeks considered an aisthētḗs as "one who feels." It's from this idea of emotional sensitivity that the word aesthete came about in the late 19th Century as a noun for someone who greatly appreciates beauty and the arts. An aesthete doesn’t have to be wealthy or highly educated. You can be a hotel maid who stops cleaning to absorb a strain of Beethoven and be as much an aesthete as the poet who writes about the splendor of a leaf.
WORD FAMILY
aesthete: aesthetes
USAGE EXAMPLES
Clark used this inheritance to become a great aesthete.
The New Yorker(Dec 21, 2016)
A director manqué, and something of an aesthete, he traded antiques as a youth to put himself through drama school.
New York Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Benjamin Albucker is, by his own description, an exacting, opinionated, slightly neurotic aesthete.
New York Times(Oct 03, 2016)
Back: n. 审美家，唯美主义者
分布：审美家(87%)，=esthete.(13%)
→词根aes, 感知，同aud, 感知，听，见audience,听众。-thete, 可能是拉丁动词后缀。英式写作aesthete, 美式将双无音ae弱化成e, 写作esthete.
【记】a一种，esthete感觉－审美家凭的就是一种感觉。
【参】anesthetic（n 麻醉剂）；aesthetically（adv 悦目地，雅致地）
【反】philistine（n 俗气的人）
US ['es.θi:t] noun countable
■a person who understands and enjoys beauty 审美家
• The ugliness of the city would make an aesthete like you shudder. 这座城市之丑陋会使你这样的唯美主义者不寒而栗。
n. 唯美主义者；审美家
 - esthete

Word: aetna

Word: annotate
Front: annotate
[ˈænəteɪt] (托宝 22649/19833)
Vocabulary: annotate
(once / 2080 pages)
v
When you annotate, you write critical explanations to add extra insight about something. These explanations can be necessary to understanding writings in which the language might be difficult to make sense of without clarification.
The heart of the word annotate is the word note. The Latin annotātus means "noted down," making the word a breeze to remember. A writer will annotate parts that need extra explanation in technical works or classic writings in which the language or concepts might be difficult to grasp. In fact, some works, like James Joyce’s "Ulysses," have entire separate volumes of annotations, and readers must shift back and forth from the novel to the annotations. Now that's a dedicated reader!
WORD FAMILY
annotate: annotated, annotates, annotating, annotation, annotator+/ annotation: annotations/annotator: annotators
USAGE EXAMPLES
The files are full of highly technical papers - many of them annotated by Mrs Thatcher.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
If words aren’t enough to convince you, here is an annotated picture of the numbers.
Slate(Dec 22, 2016)
The recipes are not at all experimental, but are instead impeccably tested and annotated classics.
New York Times(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 注解，注释
n. 注释者
时态：annotated, annotating, annotates
分布：注解(100%)
→前缀an-同ad-. 词根not, 注意，见note, 词根gn首字母脱落，词源同can, know。
注解(an给予+not+ate→给予注意→注解)[Not=know,表示"知道,注意"]
【记】nota＝note笔记、注解
【参】connotation（n 含蓄，内涵）；notorious（adj 臭名昭彰的）
US [-ə-] formal
verb transitive
■to add a short explanation or opinion to a text or drawing 给…作注解；给…加评注
• Annotated editions of Shakespeare's plays help readers to understand old words. 莎士比亚剧作的注释本可以帮助读者理解剧中较古老的词语。
vi. 注释；给…作注释或评注
 - note on
vt. 注释；作注解
 - note on

Word: baruch

Word: appetising

Word: belcher

Word: armpit
Front: armpit
[ˈɑ:mpɪt] (13086/15464 -1)
Vocabulary: armpit
(once / 6523 pages)
n
Your armpit is the area underneath your upper arm, where it connects to your shoulder. Armpits tend to be smelly, so we would advise to steer clear of an open armpit on a bus or subway.
Another common word for armpit is "underarm," while the official anatomical term is axilla. Perhaps because your armpits tend to get sweaty and a little smelly after you exercise, the word armpit is sometimes used as a derogatory term for an unattractive place: "That city is so ugly it's the armpit of New Jersey." Before armpit, the axilla was known as an arm-hole.
WORD FAMILY
armpit: armpits
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Some people didn’t have carts. Some just had stuff all up to their armpits, carrying them and running.”
Washington Post(Nov 23, 2016)
Deep in the armpits of August, I heard Miranda Lambert tell an overheated Maryland crowd something really cool.
Washington Post(Nov 17, 2016)
When we woke at lunchtime, the tangy air smelled of warm feet, booze and armpits.
The Guardian(Nov 12, 2016)
Back: n. 腋窝; 胳肢窝; 丑陋的地方; 肮脏的角落
分布：腋窝(95%)，最恶心的地区(5%)
US ['ɑ:rm-] noun countable
■the hollow place under your arm where your arm joins your body 腋（窝）
• sweaty/hairy armpits 汗湿的／长满腋毛的腋窝
UK ['ɑ:m.pɪt] US ['ɑ:rm-] noun countable
be the armpit of sth humorous
■to be an extremely unpleasant, often dirty, place 龌龊的地方；肮脏的角落；极差的地方
• the armpit of the North 北部地区一个极差的地方
n. 腋窝
 - axilla

Word: bujumbura

Word: centenarian
Front: centenarian
[ˌsentɪˈneəriən] (28102/44936)
Back: n. &adj. 百岁或逾百岁以上的（人），百岁老人（的）
分布：百岁或逾百岁以上的人(60%)，百岁或逾百岁以上的(40%)
US [-tˌə'ner.i-] noun countable
■someone who is a hundred years old or more 百岁（或百岁以上的）人瑞

Word: boise
Front: boise
['bɔɪsɪ] None
Back: 博伊西（美国爱达荷州首府）
分布：名词(100%)

Word: burgher
Front: burgher
[ˈbɜ:gə(r)] (28151/24693)
Back: n. 公民，市民（现主要指某些欧洲国家中产阶级的市民或镇民）
分布：市民(58%)，公民(34%)，中产阶级的公民(8%)
US ['bɝ:.gɚ] old-fashioned or humorous
noun countable
■a person who lives in a city 市民
n. 市民（现主要指某些欧洲国家中产阶级的市民或镇民）；公民
 - citizen, people, municipality

Word: cingular

Word: commotion
Front: commotion
[kəˈməʊʃn] (雅宝 11651/14484 -1)
Vocabulary: commotion
(once / 984 pages)
n
A commotion is a noisy disturbance. If you're trying to quietly concentrate on reading this, you wouldn't want the person next to you to cause a commotion, or it would distract you.
Commotion, which comes from the Middle French word commocion, means "violent motion, agitation." It can be a disorderly outburst or disruption, like someone yelling in the street at night, or five people arguing about someone talking on a cellphone while a play is being performed in front of them. Commotion can also describe out-of-control movement, like people pushing and shoving to get to the front row of a concert.
WORD FAMILY
commotion: commotions
USAGE EXAMPLES
The few party people who hadn’t noticed the commotion now watched.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Police were called to the home by a neighbor who heard the commotion, the report said.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
"There was no more concluding prayers as there was a commotion," Virador said.
Reuters(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 混乱，喧闹; 暴动，骚动
分布：骚动(58%)，混乱(29%)，喧闹(13%)
→com-, 强调。-mot, 移动，词源同move, motion.
骚动,动乱(com共同+mot+ion→大家一起动→动乱)[mot=move,表示"动"]
【记】com共同，motion（n 运动）－共同运动－动乱
【参】motivation（n 动机）；promotion（n 提升，增加）
【反】tranquillity（n 宁静）＝tranquility
US [-'moʊ-] noun [S or U]
■a sudden short period of noise, confusion or excited movement 喧闹；喧嚣；混乱；骚动
• His arrival caused quite a commotion. 他的到来引起了不少的骚动。
• He looked up to see what all the commotion was about. 他抬头看吵吵嚷嚷的是怎么回事。
n. 骚动；暴乱
 - combustion, turmoil

Word: conformist
Front: conformist
[kənˈfɔ:mɪst] (宝 26307/22204)
Vocabulary: conformist
(once / 29184 pages)
nadj
A conformist is a person who follows traditional standards of conduct. If you're a conformist, it's unlikely you'll join a revolution to overthrow your government; instead you'll argue that it's best to keep things the way they are.
Conformist comes from the Old French word conformer, which means "to agree to, make or be similar, be agreeable." People sometimes use the term conformist in a negative way, as an insult implying that someone doesn't have the brains or the guts to question the status quo. Conformist can also be used as an adjective to describe something that follows convention and established customs. A conformist school board, for example, would follow the usual time-tested curriculum.
WORD FAMILY
conformist: conformists, unconformist+/Nonconformist: Nonconformists/ conform: conformable, conformance, conformation, conformed, conforming, conformism, conformity, conforms/ conformable: conformably, unconformable/conformance: nonconformance/ conformation: conformations/conforming: nonconforming/conformism: conformist, nonconformism/ conformity: conformities, nonconformity /nonconformism: Nonconformist, nonconformist / nonconformist: nonconformists/ nonconformity: nonconformities/unconformable: unconformably
USAGE EXAMPLES
But Gilbert’s picture was bought instead by a man who dreamed of starting an upscale gentleman’s journal that tweaked the era’s conformist tendencies.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
The story is about a maverick English teacher named John Keating who inspires students at a straight-laced, conformist prep school to follow their dreams.
Seattle Times(Nov 30, 2016)
The problem grew even more dire as travel photography transitioned from a hobby to perhaps the ultimate signifier of the inauthentic and the conformist.
New York Times(Sep 22, 2016)
Back: n. 英国国教徒; 遵奉者; 墨守成规的人
分布：因循守旧的(50%)，遵奉者(50%)
US [-'fɔ:r-] often disapproving
noun countable
■someone who conforms 循规蹈矩的人，墨守成规的人；随波逐流者
n. 英国国教徒；遵奉者
 - Anglican

Word: crucifixion
Front: crucifixion
[ˌkru:səˈfɪkʃn] (19316/16246 -1)
Back: n. 苦痛的考验; 受难; 刑罚; 被钉死在十字架
分布：刑罚(63%)，磨难(21%)，耶稣被钉死在十字架上.(8%)，耶稣图像(8%)
noun
countable or uncountable
■when someone is crucified 钉死在十字架上
n. 刑罚；苦难
 - hardship, affliction

Word: corporatism
Front: corporatism
[ˈkɔ:pərətɪzəm] (28545/17903)
Back: n. 组合主义，社团主义（各种把整个社会纳入极权国家指挥下的各种组合的理论与实践）
分布：社团主义(86%)，给合主义(14%)

Word: diminution
Front: diminution
[ˌdɪmɪˈnju:ʃn] (宝 21683/15347)
Vocabulary: diminution
(once / 1637 pages)
n
When you "dim" a light, you reduce the brightness coming from the bulb. Diminution (not actually related to "dim") is the lessening of something to a smaller size or lower status, as a diminution of your "superpowers" when you wake up from a dream.
Pronouncing diminution (dim-ih-NYOO-shun) only seems to get harder the more you repeat it, but memorizing the meaning and sounds with "diminish" and "ammunition" helps. If you take away the firepower in a battle, for example, you diminish the ammunition, causing a diminution of the army's power. A diminution is a decrease of size, time, or esteem. Does the word still sound funny? Let's try a diminution, or reduction, of the number of times we say it — starting now.
WORD FAMILY
diminution: diminutions
USAGE EXAMPLES
If nothing else, as a competitive businessman, Mr Trump might find that diminution of a powerful global brand is rather concerning.
BBC(Dec 19, 2016)
What they get is a diminution of their British history and culture.
New York Times(Nov 03, 2016)
They have capitalized on the 3-point shot and the diminution of the lumbering, back-to-the-basket center to herald an era of artistic play and teamwork.
New York Times(Oct 25, 2016)
Back: n. 减小，减少，缩减
分布：减少(69%)，缩小(23%)，缩小量(4%)，减少量(4%)
US [-ə'nu:-] formal
noun countable or uncountable
■reduction in size or importance （大小或重要性）减少；降低
• Regular exercise can result in a general diminution in stress levels. 经常锻炼可以全面缓解精神压力。
• The company suffered a diminution in profits. 该公司处于利润萎缩的境况。
n. 减少，降低；缩小
 - reduction, loss, decrease

Word: desolation
Front: desolation
[ˌdesəˈleɪʃn] (17109/14579)
Vocabulary: desolation
(once / 717 pages)
n
Desolation is emptiness and hopelessness. It can describe a poor, dirty, treeless town or a broken heart.
Desolation is depressing and bleak. People arriving at the scenes of natural disasters, like tornadoes, often speak about the desolation around them. They usually are talking about the destruction, but they also implying a sense of emptiness and hopelessness. Other times desolation describes bleak, ugly landscapes: cold, snowy, lonely towns in New Hampshire or hot, dusty, empty towns in Nevada. You know desolation when you see it, because you feel hollow and lonely inside.
WORD FAMILY
desolation: desolations+/ desolate: desolated, desolately, desolates, desolating, desolatingly, desolation
USAGE EXAMPLES
Buzz Aldrin, for instance, described the lunar landscape as a vision of “magnificent desolation,” a grand phrase for a bleak truth.
The New Yorker(Dec 21, 2016)
To be sure, the neighborhoods we visited are in a chilling state of desolation.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 07, 2016)
In his memoir, “Magnificent Desolation,” he recounts a period of ruinous drinking and clinical depression after his time in space.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 遗弃; 荒凉; 破坏; 凄凉
分布：荒凉(40%)，凄凉(26%)，荒芜(19%)，孤寂(15%)
荒芜,荒凉(desolate＋ion)[Sol=alone,表示"单独"]
noun uncountable
EMPTINESS 空旷
■the state of a place that is empty or where everything has been destroyed 荒芜；荒废；荒凉
• a scene of desolation 荒凉的景象
[ˌdes.əl'eɪ.ʃən] noun uncountable
SADNESS 凄凉
■the state of feeling sad and lonely 孤寂的；伤心寂寞的
• a feeling of utter desolation 万分凄凉之感
n. 荒芜；忧伤；孤寂；废墟
 - grief, relic

Word: detour
Front: detour
[ˈdi:tʊə(r)] (宝 12159/14405 -1)
Vocabulary: detour
(once / 3146 pages)
nv
A detour is a longer, less direct way to get where you're going. A traffic accident sometimes means you have to take a detour to get home.
When signs direct drivers to take a detour, it's usually because of road work or an emergency that's blocking traffic. You can also detour, or take an unexpected route, while you're running errands, stopping at your favorite bakery for a cookie before you continue on. The French détour comes from the verb destorner, "turn aside."
WORD FAMILY
detour: detoured, detouring, detours
USAGE EXAMPLES
All oversize trucks exceeding 11 feet wide must use the posted detour route, which bypasses 11 miles of interstate.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
We were able to get on Interstates 94 and 69 in Port Huron without wondering where construction detours would lead us this time.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Twelve years and numerous dramatic detours later—including a divorce and second marriage for Ray—Joan finally accepted his proposal.
Time(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: v. 绕路，绕道
n. 绕道; 弯路
时态：detoured, detouring, detours
分布：绕路(49%)，便道(28%)，绕路而行(23%)
→de-, 向下，离开。-tour, 转，词源同turn, tourism. 即转开，迂回。
迂路;曲折(de加强动作+tour→转着走→语汇的路)[tour,torn,tourn=turn,表示"转,环绕"]
【记】de坏，tour旅行－旅行的不爽，因为绕道了。
US [-tʊr] noun countable
■a different or indirect route to a place, that is used to avoid a problem or to visit somewhere or do something 绕行的路，迂回路，绕行路线
• You'd be wise to make/ US also take a detour to avoid the roadworks. 绕开道路施工地点是明智之举。
vi. 绕道；迂回
 - go round

Word: deservedly
Front: deservedly
[dɪˈzɜ:vɪdli] (24685/19634)
Back: adv. 应得地，当然地
分布：理所应当地(50%)，应得地(50%)
当然应受地[serv=serve,keep表示"服务,保持"]
US [-'zɝ:-] adverb
■If something happens to you deservedly, you deserve it to happen 理所当然地，应得地
• He won the award for best actor, and deservedly so. 他获得了最佳男演员奖，这是他应得的。

Word: delist
Front: delist
[di:'lɪst] None
Back: vt. 把（证券等）从上场证券中除去，把…从清单中划去
时态：delisted, delisting, delists
分布：动词(100%)

Word: electro
Front: electro
[ɪ'lektrəʊ] (-/36134)
Back: n. 电镀物品，电版
分布：电的(32%)，电子的(31%)，电解的(25%)，=electr-.(12%)
vt. 电镀
 - plate

Word: dissection
Front: dissection
[daɪ'sekʃn] (宝 15713/21746)
Vocabulary: dissection
(once / 4464 pages)
n
Dissection is the process of separating something into pieces. Whether the dissection involves taking a poem apart line-by-line to learn its meaning or cutting open a frog to study its insides, you're pulling out the parts that make up a whole to better understand it.
Let's dissect, or take apart, this word for a moment. Dis- means "apart" and section means "to cut", which come together to form the definition of dissection: "to cut apart." When you cut something up into sections you're doing a dissection. The word is commonly used when talking about the process of cutting something apart for scientific purposes, it's also used to talk about taking apart an argument, a poem, or a plan.
WORD FAMILY
dissection: dissections+/ dissect: dissected, dissecting, dissection, dissects
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s timelessly vintage, yet thoroughly modern in its dissection of our emotional roadblocks. Listen.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
“So you can do really meticulous dissection between critical organs like the bowel and bladder, and minimize the chance of a mistake.”
Washington Times(Nov 19, 2016)
His brother, my husband: similar cyclist, similar healthy eater with aortic dissection, heart failure and eight stents.
New York Times(Nov 13, 2016)
Back: n. 解剖，切开，剥离; 剖割; 切割; 切段
分布：解剖(97%)，仔细分析(3%)
解剖;细查(dis+sect+ion)[Sect,seg=cut,divide,表示"切,割"]
VERB
解剖(人体或动物躯体)
If someone dissects the body of a dead person or animal, they carefully cut it up in order to examine it scientifically.
例：We dissected a frog in biology class.我们在生物课上解剖了一只青蛙。
VERB
仔细分析;详细评论
If someone dissects something such as a theory, a situation, or a piece of writing, they consider and talk about each detail of it.
例：People want to dissect his work and question his motives.人们想仔细分析他的作品，并对他的动机提出质疑。
n. [解剖] 解剖，切开；解剖体；详细查究
 - anatomy, incision

Word: dissonance
Front: dissonance
[ˈdɪsənəns] (托 16305/25218)
Vocabulary: dissonance
(once / 9120 pages)
n
Disagreeable sounds can be called dissonance. You know it's dissonance if you have the strong desire to cover your ears with your hands.
Racket, noise, dissonance — all can describe sounds that are not pleasant. While some musicians purposely add a little dissonance into their melodies to create an unexpected sound, others, like someone who just started drum lessons, creates dissonance by accident. Dissonance can also be a conflict between people or opinions, like the dissonance you feel when you want to do something but your parents say "no."
WORD FAMILY
dissonance: dissonances+/ dissonant: dissonance, dissonantly
USAGE EXAMPLES
This power of belief over evidence is the result of two factors: cognitive dissonance and the backfire effect.
Salon(Dec 26, 2016)
Her songs are straightforward, driving and melodic, with some lightly surreal storytelling but little of the dissonance of her old band.
Salon(Dec 23, 2016)
I soon became familiar with this sense of sonic dissonance.
Slate(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 不和谐音，不一致
分布：不一致(52%)，不和谐(48%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。-son,声音，词源同sound, consonance. 即不同的声音，引申词义不和。
不和谐(dis不+son+ance→声音不一致)[son=sound,表示"声音"]
【记】dis坏，son声音－声音不好－刺耳
【参】dissonant（adj 不谐和的；刺耳的）＝discordant
【反】concord（n 和谐；一致；和睦）
US [-ə.nənts] noun uncountable specialized
■a combination of sounds or musical notes that are not pleasant when heard together 不和谐音
• the jarring dissonance of Klein's musical score 克莱茵乐谱中刺耳的不和谐音
formal
■disagreement 分歧，异议
n. 不一致；不调和；不和谐音
 - variance, disagreement, disparity, disharmony

Word: erection
Front: erection
[ɪˈrekʃn] (13126/9631 -1)
Back: n. 建立，设立; 勃起; 直立，竖立; 充血的过程
分布：建造(47%)，建筑物(32%)，直立(21%)
直立,竖立(erect+ion)[rect=stright,right,表示"正,直"]
noun
BUILDING 建筑物
uncountable formal
■the act of building or making a structure 建立；建造
• They approved the erection of an electrified fence around the prison. 他们准许在监狱周围架设电铁丝网。
countable mainly humorous
■a building 建筑物
• This splendid if extraordinary erection from the last century is a local landmark. 这座上世纪的建筑物尽管有些古怪却很壮观，是当地的一个地标。
[ɪ'rek.ʃən] noun
MAN'S PENIS 男性的阴茎
countable
■When a man has an erection, his penis is temporarily harder and bigger than usual and points up （阴茎）勃起
• to get/have an erection 勃起
n. [生理] 勃起；建造；建筑物；直立
 - construction, fabric, structure

Word: dotty
Front: dotty
[ˈdɒti] (34203/20568)
Back: adj. 疯疯癫癫的; 半痴的; 低能的（过时的、英式、非正式用语）; 迷恋
级别：dottier, dottiest
分布：多点的(61%)，古怪的或不合常规的(13%)，非常热情或着迷的(13%)，疯狂的(13%)
→来自dote, 糊涂。引申词义迷恋，着迷。比较infatuate.
US ['dɑ:.tˌi] adjective UK informal
■slightly strange or mentally ill 古怪的；精神不正常的
• a dotty old woman 古怪的老女人
be dotty about sb/sth UK old-fashioned
■to like or love someone or something very much or be very interested in them 对…痴迷，热衷于
• Jean's absolutely dotty about cats. 琼特别喜欢猫。
adj. 薄弱的；多点的；精神不定的
 - unsubstantial, feeble

Word: florentine

Word: fairground
Front: fairground
[ˈfeəgraʊnd] (21363/16114 -1)
Vocabulary: fairground
(once / 27551 pages)
n
A fairground is an open outdoor area where a fair, circus, or some other exhibition sets up temporarily. Many county fairs are put on at the same fairground for a week or two each summer. Many funnel cakes are eaten there.
Most fairgrounds have space for rides like Ferris wheels and bumper cars. Agricultural fairs might also have exhibit areas where visitors can see animals, handmade items, baked goods, giant watermelons, and other impressive produce. A traveling circus or carnival might also set up on fairground. The central section of a fairground is usually called a "midway."
WORD FAMILY
fairground: fairgrounds
USAGE EXAMPLES
Klutz will be sworn in on Jan. 9 along with Holcomb, Crouch and other statewide officials at the Indiana State Fairgrounds.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The Rauners will live in the Director’s House at the Illinois State Fairgrounds while work is being done.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
During World War II, the fairgrounds was used by the military for housing and training.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 露天市场; 举行赛会的场所; 露天马戏场
分布：游乐场(69%)，集市(31%)
→fair, 集市，游乐。ground, 地方，地面。
US ['fer-] noun countable
■a large outside area used for a fair 露天游乐场
• There was a small fairground just by the river, with a carousel, a roller coaster and a Ferris wheel. 河边有一个小型露天游乐场，里面有旋转木马、云霄飞车和摩天轮。
n. 露天市场；举行赛会的场所；游乐场
 - piazza, sook

Word: flyover
Front: flyover
[ˈflaɪəʊvə(r)] (雅 27662/27037)
Back: n. 立交桥，高架公路; （单机或编队）低空飞行
分布：立交桥(92%)，定点飞行(8%)
→比喻用法。
US [-ˌoʊ.vɚ] noun
BRIDGE 桥
countable UK (US overpass)
■a bridge that carries a road or railway over another road 立交桥；跨线桥
UK ['flaɪˌəʊ.vər] US [-ˌoʊ.vɚ] noun
AIRCRAFT 飞行器
countable usually singular US for
■ flypast
n. 天桥；立交桥；立交马路
 - platform bridge, overhead bridge

Word: expletive
Front: expletive
[ɪkˈspli:tɪv] (16119/23042)
Vocabulary: expletive
(once / 6169 pages)
n
An expletive is a swear word, a curse you let out when you are startled or mad. You probably already know a lot of expletives, but you don’t need to see them here, no way in heck.
An expletive is a vulgar word that will greatly upset your grandmother if you say it in her presence. An expletive usually sneaks out because you get surprised or angry, like if you stub your toe, you might yell out an expletive. Even though you did it by accident, one of your parents still might put a bar of soap in your mouth, so watch your words. In a pinch, try these substitutes: fudge, sugar, heck, and walrus.
WORD FAMILY
expletive: expletives
USAGE EXAMPLES
For her, the trouble is not so much the expletive but the idea “that half the world is terrible.”
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Audiences were shocked by the play’s irreverence, nonsense language and profanity — the first word is an expletive — and more or less rioted in the theater.
Washington Post(Dec 14, 2016)
Under cross examination, Manzo said that Tanaka was furious in briefings about the inmate, using one expletive after another about the FBI.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. 感叹词，咒骂语
分布：填补的(23%)，附加的(20%)，咒骂语(15%)，填充词(12%)，感叹的(10%)，多余的(10%)，感叹词(10%)
→ex-, 向外。-ple, 满的，词源同full, fulfill. 即拿出去的，后用来指不便刊印的脏话，咒骂语。
US ['ek.splə.tˌɪv] noun countable formal
■a swear word 咒骂语；粗话
• She dropped the book on her foot and let out a row/string of expletives. 她手里的书砸到她的脚，痛得她咒骂一通。
expletive deleted
■used when a swear word has been removed from a report of what someone has said 删去脏话
adj. 附加的；填补的
 - additional, attached, plus, more, second
n. 填补物；咒骂语
 - infilling

Word: guardsman
Front: guardsman
[ˈgɑ:dzmən] (23382/21691 -1)
Back: n. 卫兵; （英）禁卫军官兵; （美）国民警卫队士兵
分布：卫兵(60%)，近卫兵(24%)，州辖预备役部队的人员(16%)
US ['gɑ:rdz-] noun countable
■a soldier who is a member of the Guards (= a particular army unit) 英国近卫团士兵

Word: hallucination
Front: hallucination
[həˌlu:sɪˈneɪʃn] (宝 12535/15755 -1)
Vocabulary: hallucination
(once / 2156 pages)
n
If you see your teacher morph into a dancing elephant, chances are you’re having a hallucination, or an illusory perception. In other words, it sounds like you are seeing things!
A person experiencing a hallucination perceives things that aren’t really there. A hallucination can involve any of the senses — including sight, hearing, touch, smell, and taste — and often results from a mental disorder or a chemical source, such as a drug.
WORD FAMILY
hallucination: hallucinations+/ hallucinate: hallucinated, hallucinates, hallucinating, hallucination, hallucinatory/hallucinatory: hallucinatorily
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some speculate that it represents temporal-lobe epilepsy, others schizophrenia; auditory hallucinations are common in both conditions.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Once symptoms occur—first depression and hallucinations, and eventually dementia and loss of motor control—patients survive about a year.
Science Magazine(Dec 21, 2016)
Users often experience rapid heartbeat, high blood pressure, anxiety and hallucinations, he said.
Seattle Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. 幻觉，幻想; 错觉
分布：幻觉(83%)，幻想(17%)
→来自hallucinate,产生幻觉。
noun countable or uncountable
■when you see, hear, feel or smell something which does not exist, usually because you are ill or have taken a drug 幻觉
• A high temperature can cause hallucinations. 高温可使人产生幻觉。
• auditory/olfactory hallucinations 幻听／幻嗅
n. [心理] 幻觉，幻想；错觉
 - fantasm, acoasm

Word: forger
Front: forger
[ˈfɔ:dʒə(r)] (宝 25913/34489)
Back: n. （钱、文件等的）伪造者
分布：伪造者(58%)，铁匠(36%)，膺造者(6%)
US ['fɔ:r.dʒɚ] noun countable
■someone who makes forged copies 伪造者
• an art forger 伪造艺术品的人
n. 铁匠； [法] 伪造者
 - smith, blacksmith

Word: francesca

Word: hailstorm
Front: hailstorm
[ˈheɪlstɔ:m] (28032/44464)
Back: n. 雹暴
分布：冰雹(63%)，雹暴(37%)
→hail,冰雹，storm,风暴。
US [-stɔ:rm] noun countable
■a sudden heavy fall of hail 雹暴

Word: immortalise

Word: impel
Front: impel
[ɪmˈpel] (托宝 16966/18896)
Vocabulary: impel
(once / 378 pages)
v
Impel means to force to move forward. A person sleep walking might move as if impelled by a force beyond their control. Loneliness might impel you to talk to someone you don't know.
Impel derives from the Latin in- "toward" + pellere "to drive," which also brings us compel "to force" and propel "to drive forward." The boy was propelled by his fears, but when he said fear of bullies impelled him to stay home on Halloween, his mother compelled him to dress and go outside.
WORD FAMILY
impel: impelled, impellent, impeller, impelling, impels, impulsion, impulsive +/impeller: impellers/impelling: impellingly/impulsion: impulsions/ impulsive: impulsively, impulsiveness, impulsiver
USAGE EXAMPLES
Scorsese can’t explain it except to say that he felt impelled by a personal force.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
It is hard not to dwell on the uncertainties of my own future, but disability impels me to focus on my immediate physical environment.
The New Yorker(Dec 22, 2016)
Impel NeuroPharma develops its own drugs and also partners with other pharmaceutical companies.
Seattle Times(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: vt. 推动、推进或敦促某人做某事
时态：impelled, impelling, impels
分布：驱使(50%)，激励(50%)
→im-,进入，使，-pel,推进，促进，词源同compel,pulse.
驱动(im+pel推→推进,驱动)[im-,in-①表示"不,无,非"②表示"向内,进入"]
推进,驱动(im内+pel→内在推动→驱动)[pel,puls=drive,push,表示"驱动,推"]
【记】im进入，pel推－推动
【参】dispel（vt 驱散；使消散）；compel（vt 强迫；强制）
【反】restrain（vt 抑制；制止）
[ɪm'pel] (-ll-)
verb transitive
■to make someone feel that they must do something 促使，驱使
• [+ to infinitive] She was in such a mess I felt impelled to (= felt I had to) offer your services. 她陷入了这么一个烂摊子，我不得不提出让你去帮帮她。
• I wonder what it is that impels him to exercise all the time. 我不知道是甚么原因驱使他整天都在锻炼身体。
vt. 推动；驱使；激励
 - drive, stimulate, force, power, impulse

Word: holiness

Word: horticulture
Front: horticulture
[ˈhɔ:tɪkʌltʃə(r)] (托雅宝 22032/23529)
Vocabulary: horticulture
(once / 2327 pages)
n
Horticulture is a nice long word for "gardening." If you study horticulture, you learn about plant propagation, soil, fertilizer — everything that makes a good garden.
The word horticulture was coined in the late 17th century — when some serious gardens were being planned and executed in England — and is based on the Latin word for "garden," hortus, combined with the suffix -culture, mostly likely in the same way as the word agriculture.
WORD FAMILY
horticulture: horticultural, horticulturist+/ horticultural: horticulturally/horticulturist: horticulturists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sue’s background included earning an associate’s degree in horticulture from Kirkwood Community College in Cedar Rapids.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
“People are actually astonishingly well-behaved,” says Todd Forrest, vice president for horticulture and living collections.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 12, 2016)
Volunteer to help restore a great garden and, time and weather permitting, enjoy a presentation related to horticulture or a walk through the garden.
Seattle Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 园艺（学）; 园艺学家
adj. 园艺学的
分布：园艺学(100%)
→来自拉丁语hortus,花园，词源同garden,culture,培植，培养。即花草培植，引申词义园艺学。
园艺学(horti,来自hortense法国一喜欢花的女子+cult+ure)[-ture表名词,通常在单词或词根以t结尾时使用,表示"一般状态,行为"…ature","iture"注:-ture在s结尾的词根后变成-sure]
【记】horti花园，culture（n 文化；培植）－园艺学
US ['hɔ:r.tˌə.kʌl.tʃɚ] noun uncountable
■the study or activity of growing garden plants 园艺学；园艺
n. [园艺] 园艺，园艺学
 - gardening

Word: inscription
Front: inscription
[ɪnˈskrɪpʃn] (宝 8978/7849 -1)
Vocabulary: inscription
(once / 381 pages)
1n 2n
Inscription is a fancy word for “writing” — the act of writing or a small bit of writing. You weren't excited when you received the card, but the inscription inside made you weep with emotion. Here, have a tissue.
You can see the word script in inscription which can help you remember its meaning. You might find an inscription on a gravestone, on a locket, on a cufflink, or in a book. You were excited to see the inscription dedicating your friend's novel to you, until you fell asleep before page 10. Then you weren't sure what to say.
WORD FAMILY
inscription: inscriptions+/ inscribe: inscribed, inscribes, inscribing, inscription
USAGE EXAMPLES
Compounding his images — urgent, bold, often hallucinatory — are headlong inscriptions that mix original writing and material borrowed from authors spanning centuries.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The whole thing is more like the compulsive re-enactment of a trauma than the inscription of a fond reminiscence.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The awning bears the inscription “konditorei” — bakery in German, the language and ethnicity of the shop’s founders.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. （作者）题词; 献词; 碑文; 证劵持有人的登记
分布：铭文(60%)，题字(25%)，碑铭(15%)
→来自inscribe,题，刻，引申词义铭文，碑文。
铭刻;碑文(in+script+ion)[scrib,script=write,表示"写"]
noun countable
■words that are written or cut in something 题辞；铭文
• The inscription read 'To darling Molly. Christmas 1904.' 题词为“献给亲爱的莫莉。1904年圣诞节。”
• The inscriptions on the gravestones were worn away. 墓碑上的碑文已经消蚀了。
n. 题词；铭文；刻印
 - epigraph, mintage

Word: inchoate
Front: inchoate
[ɪnˈkəʊət] (宝 25564/34310)
Vocabulary: inchoate
(once / 13889 pages)
adj
Inchoate means just beginning to form. You can have an inchoate idea, like the earliest flickers of images for your masterpiece, or an inchoate feeling, like your inchoate sense of annoyance toward your sister's new talking parrot.
Inchoate comes from a Latin word for beginning. When something is inchoate, although you don’t yet understand what it is fully, you have a strong sense that it is indeed coming. It’s stronger than the wisp of an idea that never turns into anything. But it’s hard to really find the language to describe an inchoate idea. That’s the whole point: you don’t have the words for it yet!
VOCABULARY SHOUT-OUT
Sleater-Kinney and Portlandia Creator Carrie Brownstein Lets Her Vocab Flag Fly
While discussing her memoir Hunger Makes Me A Modern Girl on NPR's Fresh Air, Sleater-Kinney co-founder Carrie Brownstein used the word inchoate to describe her younger self.
When I was 16, 17 years old, …for the first time, I heard my story being explained to me, being sung to me. And there is such an inarticulateness that I possessed in some ways. And I just felt so inchoate as a person. And I felt like things were being filled in for me, that all of the elements in my life that couldn't be explained that I didn't have the words for were suddenly given a shape, that I had a soundtrack, that I was being seen.
Brownstein, who is also a co-creator and co-star with Fred Armisen of the IFC TV comedy series "Portlandia," peppers her speech with unusual, and highly sophisticated vocabulary that her fans, or fans of words in general, will want to pay attention to.
Later in the interview, she used trenchant when she explained the Sleater-Kinney sound.
I wanted the guitar to feel weaponized. I wanted it to be analogous to a voice that I didn't yet have and may never have, which is to harness volume and a sense of the caustic and power and to interweave that occasionally with melody so that it's something people can latch onto or be carried away by, that it could tell stories and sing on my behalf. And I wanted it to be trenchant, also a little scary. So yeah, that - I guess that's the sound I was going for. I don't usually have to describe it, but that's my attempt to.
To call attention to Brownstein's sensitive care with her word choices, we pulled inchoate, trenchant and eight other words into a vocabulary list:
Vocabulary List: Carrie Brownstein on "Inchoate" Youth and the Search for "Trenchant" Meaning
Use the list's practice tab to answer questions on just these ten words. Select the "learn" button to master them through your overall Vocabulary.com word-learning program. Or, teachers, assign them to your teen students, who will find much to relate to in the example sentences pulled from Brownstein's remarks.
WORD FAMILY
inchoate: inchoately, inchoative+/inchoative: inchoatively, inchoatives
USAGE EXAMPLES
Instead, they infuse the symbol with their own, “usually inchoate,” meaning, she said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
There was the Congo’s forty-thousand-megawatt Grand Inga Dam project, but maybe it was too inchoate to shoot.
The New Yorker(Dec 11, 2016)
Obese entitlement and inchoate bluster; but white as they are white.
The Guardian(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: adj. 才开始的; 未完成的，不发达的
分布：早期的(46%)，刚开始的(36%)，不成熟的(18%)
→来自拉丁语incohare,挂上，开始，来自in-,进入，使，cohum,皮带，牛轭，词源同haw,hedge.其原义为给牛挂上轭带，使牛开始耕田，后引申词义开端。
【记】inch（n 英寸），o象嘴，ate吃：嘴只能一寸一寸的吃面条－小孩刚出生的－早期的in进入，choate＝chocolate巧克力：巧克力进入嘴的时候－刚开始融化
【反】completely formed（完全形成的）；fully formed（完全形成的）；explicit（adj 外在的；清楚的）
US [-'koʊ-] literary
adjective
■only recently or partly formed, or not completely developed or clear 才开始的；不完全的；未发展完善的
• She had a child's inchoate awareness of language. 她具有儿童对语言的初步意识。
adj. 早期的；刚开始的；未充分发展的
 - early, unformed
vt. 开始
 - institute, initiate, start in, lead off, to begin
vi. 开始
 - proceed, start in, lead off, engage upon, to begin

Word: indoctrinate
Front: indoctrinate
[ɪnˈdɒktrɪneɪt] (宝 21692/33062)
Vocabulary: indoctrinate
(once / 9502 pages)
v
If you indoctrinate someone, you teach that person a one-sided view of something and ignore or dismiss opinions that don’t agree with your view. Cults, political entities, and even fans of particular sports teams are often said to indoctrinate their followers.
If you indoctrinate someone, the goal is to have that person follow a particular set of beliefs (or a doctrine), rather than being able to think independently or know right from wrong. For example, a child may be indoctrinated into a life of violence by growing up in a war-torn region, or a student may be indoctrinated into a life as a Marxist by an influential political science professor.
WORD FAMILY
indoctrinate: indoctrinated, indoctrinates, indoctrinating, indoctrination +/doctrinal: doctrinally/ doctrine: doctrinal, doctrines, indoctrinate / indoctrination: indoctrinations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Historically, that seems to be Breitbart’s trick - strongly represent a single issue in order to earn trust, and then gradually indoctrinate to suit wider purposes.
The Guardian(Dec 01, 2016)
Rinder added that the church indoctrinates people to believe that the justice system is corrupt.
Washington Post(Nov 30, 2016)
People feared the women had become indoctrinated during their time with the extremists, and were wary of talking to or even sitting with the returnees.
The Guardian(Nov 26, 2016)
Back: vt. 向…灌输（信仰），教导
时态：indoctrinated, indoctrinating, indoctrinates
分布：灌输(81%)，教导(19%)
→in-,进入，使，-doct,教导，教育，词源同doctor,doctrine.引申词义教导，强行灌输。
【记】in里面，doctrine（n 教条；学说）－使教条进入你的头脑里面－灌输
US [-'dɑ:k-] disapproving
verb transitive
■to often repeat an idea or belief to someone in order to persuade them to accept it 向…灌输
• Some parents were critical of attempts to indoctrinate children in green ideology. 有些父母对向孩子灌输绿色生态意识的意图提出了批评。
• They have been indoctrinated by television to believe that violence is normal. 电视节目的灌输使他们认为暴力行为是正常的。
vt. 灌输；教导
 - wise, imbue

Word: inlet
Front: inlet
[ˈɪnlet] (研六 13676/12339 -1)
Back: n. 进口; [电]引入; 插入物; 水湾
v. 引进; 嵌入; 插入
分布：入口(83%)，插入物(7%)，引进(4%)，插入(3%)，水湾(3%)
→in-,进入，使，let,让。即进去的入口，引申词义小海湾。
n.水湾,小湾;进口,入口It's better to put letters at the inlet and outlet.最好在进口和出口处标上字母.
noun countable
CHANNEL 通道
■a narrow strip of water that goes from a sea or lake into the land or between islands 水湾，小港（海、湖延伸入陆地或岛屿间的狭长水域）
['ɪn.let] noun countable
MACHINE PART 机器零件 UK specialized
■the part of a machine through which liquid or gas enters （机器上液体或气体的）入口，进口
• an inlet pipe/manifold/valve 进气管／歧管／阀
n. [地理] [通信] 入口， [水利] [机] 进口；插入物
 - threshold, entry, import, portal, way in

Word: indelible
Front: indelible
[ɪnˈdeləbl] (雅宝 15418/19429)
Vocabulary: indelible
(once / 2441 pages)
adj
If something is indelible, you better hope you never regret it, like the indelible tattoo of the name of your favorite band or the indelible first impression it might give people you meet years from now, especially if your taste in music changes.
The adjective indelible describes something that can't be erased or removed, like marks made by an indelible marker, or an indelible moment you will never forget, like your first day of kindergarten or the first time you visit a new, exotic place. It comes from the Latin word indelebilis, meaning "not able to be destroyed."
WORD FAMILY
indelible: indelibly +/delible: indelible
USAGE EXAMPLES
Of course, he’s written some indelible country standards himself.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Officials complained that the nail varnish prevented them from applying the indelible ink correctly.
BBC(Dec 23, 2016)
The story of McDonald’s is, like it or not, an indelible part of American history.
Time(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 擦不掉的; 永久的，持久的; 不可磨灭
分布：难忘的(72%)，不能磨灭的(14%)，不能擦除的(14%)
→in-,不，非，-delib,删除，抹去，词源同delete.引申词义难以磨灭的。
不可磨灭的(in不+del擦掉+ible)[-ible形容词"能…的"]
【记】in不，del＝delete删除，ible：不能删除的
【反】erasable（adj 可消除的）
adjective
■describes a mark or substance that is impossible to remove by washing or in any other way 洗不掉的；无法去除的
• indelible ink 洗不掉的墨水渍
• The blood had left an indelible mark on her shirt. 她衬衫上留下的血迹洗不掉。
[before noun]
■Indelible memories or actions are impossible to forget, or have a permanent influence or effect （记忆或行为）不可磨灭的，忘不掉的
• I have an indelible memory of that meeting with Anastasia. 我永远忘不了那次与安娜塔西亚的会面。
• In his twenty years working for the company, Joe Pearson made an indelible impression on it. 在为公司工作的20年中，乔‧皮尔逊给公司留下了难以磨灭的印象。
adj. 难忘的；擦不掉的
 - unforgettable, memorable

Word: insularity
Front: insularity
[ˌɪnsjʊ'lærətɪ] (宝 29075/33179)
Vocabulary: insularity
(once / 33674 pages)
n
The noun insularity refers to the quality of being isolated or detached. In fact, the word is based on the Latin word insula, for "island." The phrase "no man is an island" means that no one can be completely separate from others.
The word insularity has a sense of detachment and insulation, but sometimes the meaning is extended to mean being narrow-minded. Parents always try to protect their kids from harm, but sometimes their insularity goes too far. If you grew up in the 1950s, for example, your parents may have wanted to protect you from the evils of Elvis and rock and roll.
WORD FAMILY
insularity: insularities+/ insular: insularer, insularism, insularity, insularly
USAGE EXAMPLES
This insularity is bad for science and bad for society.
Slate(Dec 22, 2016)
But the song also hints at the insularity that she hasn’t yet acknowledged.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 10, 2016)
All of this has magnified the caucus’s insularity and its swing to the political left.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 岛国; 孤立; 偏狭; 岛国根性
分布：岛国性质(100%)
【反】cosmopolitanism（n 四海一家；大同主义）
n. （思想、观点等）偏狭，性僵化；岛国性质（或状态）；岛屿生活状况，与外界隔绝的生活状况
 - parochialism, intolerance

Word: jilt
Front: jilt
[dʒɪlt] (31046/35577)
Vocabulary: jilt
(once / 4753 pages)
vn
When you jilt someone, you throw them over or reject them, especially romantically. It would be cruel to jilt your boyfriend on the day before the prom.
If a bride jilts her groom, she leaves him waiting for her in his tuxedo, and if a boy jilts his date, he never shows up at the planned time. In either case, it's an unkind and thoughtless thing to do to someone. In the 1660s, to jilt meant "to deceive, cheat, or trick," and it was also a noun meaning "woman who gives hope and then dashes it," from the Middle English root gille, "lass or wench."
WORD FAMILY
jilt: jilted, jilting, jilts
USAGE EXAMPLES
The narrative of him winning the MVP after being jilted by Kevin Durant will be irresistible to voters.
The Guardian(Dec 16, 2016)
Sometimes one of Zhu’s psychologists and a jilted wife directly confront the mistress.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 25, 2016)
Matchmaking aunts send a jilted lover to find love in Alaska.
Washington Post(Nov 03, 2016)
Back: vt. 抛弃，遗弃（情人）
时态：jilted, jilting, jilts
分布：抛弃(70%)，负心人(30%)
→词源不详，可能来自Jill,常见女性名字，词义贬义化，用于指荡妇，浪荡女子，妓女，玩弄男人的女人，后引申词义抛弃，甩掉。
verb transitive
■to finish a romantic relationship with someone suddenly and unkindly 突然抛弃（情人）
• He jilted her for his best friend's sister. 他甩了她转而追求他好朋友的姐姐。
vt. 抛弃（情人）
 - cast aside, turn one's back on

Word: invocation
Front: invocation
[ˌɪnvəˈkeɪʃn] (托 15173/20987)
Vocabulary: invocation
(once / 2710 pages)
n
An invocation is an appeal to a higher power for help, such as a prayer for serenity or a plea to the rain gods during a drought.
An invocation often refers to an appeal to something not of this world, such as a god or a spirit, but it can involve an appeal to any higher power, even one that is flesh and blood. During a close basketball game, for example, you may mutter an invocation to the former NBA star Michael Jordan asking that your team’s star player somehow gain the power to hit his jump shots. The word invocation can also be used in the sense of invoking a notable authority to support a position. If you say, “But my mom said I should never wear cheap clothing,” for example, that is an invocation of your mom in support of your desire to buy designer jeans.
WORD FAMILY
invocation: invocations+/ invoke: invocation, invoked, invokes, invoking
USAGE EXAMPLES
Both people were denied applications to deliver invocations after the new policy was implemented in October.
Washington Times(Dec 15, 2016)
But even a short act may be amended, possibly delaying the article’s invocation beyond Mrs May’s planned deadline of the end of March.
Economist(Dec 07, 2016)
There’ll be an invocation at the start and a Sanskrit chant at the end.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: n. 祈祷; 乞求; 乞灵; 乞求神助
分布：祈祷(68%)，乞灵(32%)
→in-,进入，使，-voc,说，祈求，词源同voice,invoke.原义为祈求神灵下界，祈求神灵帮助，后词义通用化。
N-VAR
(向神灵)求助,祈求宽恕;乞灵
An invocation is a request for help or forgiveness made to a god.
例：...an invocation for divine guidance.祈求神的指引
N-COUNT
(公共集会的)祈祷，祷告
An invocation is a prayer at a public meeting, usually at the beginning.
例：Please stand and pledge the flag, after which Dr. Jerome Taylor will give the invocation.请起立对旗宣誓,之后杰尔姆·泰勒博士将做祈祷。
n. 祈祷；符咒
 - prayer, spell

Word: iteration
Front: iteration
[ˌɪtəˈreɪʃn] (18188/17595)
Vocabulary: iteration
(once / 7776 pages)
n
An iteration is a repetition of something. Your nagging friend's message might be lost on you after the umpteenth iteration.
The noun iteration comes from the Latin verb iterum, which means "again," which makes a lot of sense when you consider the meaning of the word, "the act of repeating." Don’t get confused by the similar word reiteration, which essentially means the same thing. Either word is proper to use. Although when you think about it, the "re" means again anyway, so that word actually means "to repeat again," which is in itself a little redundant, don't you think?
WORD FAMILY
iteration: iterations+/ iterate: iterated, iterates, iterating, iteration, iterative, reiterate / iterative: iteratively/ reiterate: reiterated, reiterates, reiterating, reiteration, reiterative/reiteration: reiterations
USAGE EXAMPLES
The current iteration of the Second Avenue subway is both wildly more expensive and less ambitious than anticipated.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
It’s possible that this year’s iteration of the Crimson Tide is not only Nick Saban’s best, but the best college football team ever.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
By the same token, it’s hard for a Chinese restaurant to distinguish itself when there’s a seemingly passable iteration on every Manhattan block.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 反复; 重述; 重述的事; [计算机]循环
分布：迭代(86%)，迭代法(6%)，重复(4%)，循环(4%)
→来自iterate,重复，反复声明。
US [ˌɪtˌ.ə'reɪ-] noun countable or uncountable formal
■the process of doing something again and again, usually to improve it, or one of the times you do it 反覆（通常为了作出改善而重复做某事；或重复整个过程一次）
• the repetition and iteration that goes on in designing something （在设计某物时的）重复；反覆修改
• The software is on its fifth iteration. 这个软体已经是第五版。
specialized
■an amount that you get when you use a mathematical rule several times 反覆运算（数学里若干次使用一个数学法则得出的量）
n. [数] 迭代；反复；重复
 - repeat, reiteration

Word: invulnerable
Front: invulnerable
[ɪnˈvʌlnərəbl] (宝 23429/22684)
Vocabulary: invulnerable
(once / 5054 pages)
adj
Something that's invulnerable is impossible to damage or injure, like the strongest, most rock solid concrete fort reinforced with steel bars. Or Mother Theresa's reputation.
From the Latin invulnerabilis, meaning “not wounding,” came the English invulnerable, an adjective meaning invincible or immune to attack. Some people look to vaccines to make them invulnerable. Others use body armor. Philosopher Henry David Thoreau, on the other hand, relied upon music: “When I hear music, I fear no danger. I am invulnerable."
WORD FAMILY
invulnerable: invulnerability, invulnerably+/ vulnerability: vulnerabilities/ vulnerable: invulnerable, vulnerability, vulnerably
USAGE EXAMPLES
Or will “Rowdy Ronda” be her old, invulnerable self, harkening back to the days of quick, easy finishes?
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Researchers at UT found crazy ants do this by smearing themselves in a secretion that neutralizes fire-ant venom, essentially rendering them invulnerable to it.
Seattle Times(Dec 08, 2016)
I cannot describe how frantic I was, how desperate my desire to save my marriage, which had been so precious and, I had thought, invulnerable.
The Guardian(Oct 12, 2016)
Back: adj. 不会受伤害的，刀枪不入的; 无懈可击
分布：固若金汤的(50%)，无法伤害的(50%)
→in-,不，非，vulnerable,受伤的。
【记】vulnerable（adj 易受攻击的）
US [-nɚ-] adjective
■impossible to damage or hurt in any way 无法伤害的；无法损坏的
• The command bunker is virtually invulnerable, even to a nuclear attack. 这个指挥掩体即使是核武器都难以攻破。
adj. 无懈可击的；不会受伤害的
 - unexceptionable, unassailable

Word: kitsch
Front: kitsch
[kɪtʃ] (18915/23390 -1)
Vocabulary: kitsch
(once / 22906 pages)
n
Kitsch is art that's garish, nostalgic, and very low-brow. Some people who love the aesthetics of souvenir culture think kitsch is really cool, while others think it's in very poor taste.
Kitsch is a German word that's been adopted into English, meaning "worthless, trashy art," or the quality of that art. A ceramic figurine of a puppy with sad eyes is pretty kitsch, as is a velvet Elvis painting. Of course some people think that kitsch is really beautiful and fill their homes with stuff that other people consider trashy souvenirs. If your painting teacher tells you your portraits are kitsch, that's probably not a compliment.
WORD FAMILY
kitsch
USAGE EXAMPLES
‘Strive to be outstanding sons and daughters of China, oppose kitsch Western holidays.’
Wall Street Journal(Dec 23, 2016)
It’s easy to become cynical about our annual onslaught of Christmas kitsch, to resent the way seasonal sentimentality is used as a sales tactic.
Slate(Dec 23, 2016)
In another he denounces the trend, seen in some Manhattan restaurants and bars, toward decorating with Soviet-era kitsch, including images of Stalin.
New York Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 粗劣的作品; 俗气的艺术、设计等; 迎合低级趣味的作品
分布：庸俗的(39%)，俗气(38%)，庸俗艺术(23%)
→来自德语kitsch,花里胡哨，垃圾，来自kitschen,涂抹，涂鸦。引申词义庸俗的艺术作品，含有比较强烈的蔑视。
noun uncountable
■art, decorative objects or design considered by many people to be ugly, without style, or false but enjoyed by other people, often because they are funny 俗气的装饰品；庸俗的艺术品
• His home's full of 1950's kitsch. 他家里满是20世纪50年代庸俗的艺术品。

Word: megacity
Front: megacity
['megəˌsɪtɪ] (27311/-)
Back: n. （人口超过1000万的）大城市
n. 大城市（人口超过100万的）
 - great city, large city

Word: lowland
Front: lowland
[ˈləʊlənd] (12819/9114)
Back: n. 低地
adj. 低地的
分布：低地(80%)，苏格兰低地(10%)，低地的(10%)
US ['loʊ-] noun countable usually plural
■flat land that is at the same level as the sea （与海平面持平的）低地
• From the lowlands of the south to the rugged peaks in the north, Derbyshire has something for everyone. 从南部的低洼平地到北部的险峻高山，在德比郡每个人都能找到自己喜欢的风景。
• These plants are mainly found in lowland areas/regions. 这些植物主要生长在低洼地带。
n. [地理] 低地；苏格兰低地
 - Lallan
adj. [地理] 低地的；苏格兰低地的
 - Lallan

Word: madam
Front: madam
[ˈmædəm] (中四 16977/6683 -1)
Vocabulary: madam
(once / 196 pages)
n
Madam is a very formal way to address a woman, particularly an older or married woman. A waiter at a fancy restaurant might say, "Your table is ready, madam."
If a stranger calls a woman madam, he probably sees her as a mature, dignified person. If the woman is younger, she is more likely to be called "miss," and sometimes madam is abbreviated as "ma'am." Another kind of madam is a woman who owns or runs a house of prostitution. Madam comes from the French phrase ma dame, "my lady."
WORD FAMILY
madam: madams
USAGE EXAMPLES
And CBS’s “Madam Secretary” portrays the secretary of state as a working mother.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
I was so bored halfway through the first episode that I changed the channel and watched Madam Secretary instead.
Slate(Dec 21, 2016)
“If women rebel, it won’t be their madams who punish them, but Black Axe,” he said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 女士; 小姐; 喜欢指使他人的年轻妇女; （妓院的）鸨母
分布：夫人(53%)，女士(31%)，太太(16%)
→来自古法语ma dame,即my lady.后用于对已婚女士的尊称。
noun
WOMAN 妇女
 ADVANCED (ALSO usually Madam) only singular
■a formal and polite way of speaking to a woman （对妇女正式而礼貌的称呼）夫人，太太，女士
• [as form of address] May I carry your cases for you, Madam? 需要帮您提箱子吗，夫人？
Dear Madam
 ADVANCED
■the usual way of beginning a formal letter to a woman whose name you do not know （正式信函开头对未知姓名的妇女的尊称）尊敬的女士
only singular disapproving
■a young girl who behaves like an older woman, expecting others to obey her 小妇人，喜欢使唤他人的年轻女孩
• She's turning into a proper little madam. 她正在变成一个十足的小妇人。
['mæd.əm] noun
SEX 性
countable
■a woman who is in charge of a group of prostitutes who live or work in the same house （妓院的）鸨母，老鸨
madam, lady, mrs, miss
这些名词均表示对女性的尊称。
madam: 夫人、太太，女士，小姐。与尊称男人的用词sir相对，多用于对已婚或未婚妇女的礼貌称呼，如店员对女顾客的称呼，后面不加姓名。如果已知对方的身份或姓名可在此词后面加上姓名职位。
lady: 女士，夫人，与gentleman相对，是对女性的礼貌称呼，多用于演讲或祝酒时称呼在场的女性。
mrs: 太太，夫人，是mistress的缩略形式，对已婚妇女的称呼。
miss: 小姐，是对未婚或不知婚姻状况的女性的称呼，与姓氏连用时应大写。
n. 夫人；女士；鸨母
 - Mrs, Miss, wife

Word: lapel
Front: lapel
[ləˈpel] (12066/14692 -1)
Vocabulary: lapel
(once / 4917 pages)
n
A lapel is the front part of a jacket or suit coat that's folded back. Your jacket's lapel is connected to your collar.
Fancy or dressy men's clothing tends to have lapels — the tuxedo you wear to your uncle's wedding might have a satin lapel, for example. The suits that businessmen (and often women) wear also have lapels. Lapels come in different shapes and widths, although they almost always have a buttonhole on the left side, originally intended for wearing a flower. These days only prom- and wedding-goers tend to stick a flower in their lapel.
WORD FAMILY
lapel: lapels
USAGE EXAMPLES
Backstage, he gravely smoothed his lapels, now a matter of concern.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
We would talk about why he chose to photograph each look — the tailoring of a coat, the lapels, the color of the shoes.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Specifically, owners get a commemorative coin minted by the New United States of America and a metallic lapel pin of an alien’s hand.
Washington Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. （西服上衣或夹克的）翻领
分布：翻领(100%)
→词源同label,布条，标签。用来指衣服翻领。
noun countable
■a strip of cloth which is part of the front of a jacket or coat. It is joined to the collar and folded back onto the chest （西服上衣或外套的）翻领
• A flower was pinned to/in her lapel. 她的领子上别了一朵花。

Word: magnesium
Front: magnesium
[mægˈni:ziəm] (托 12167/16350 -1)
Back: n. [化]镁（金属元素）
分布：镁(100%)
→来自magnesia,镁砂，-um,金属元素后缀。
noun uncountable
■a silver-white metal element that burns very brightly and is used in making fireworks （化学元素）镁

Word: misinformation
Front: misinformation
[ˌmɪsɪnfə'meɪʃn] (14822/22994)
Vocabulary: misinformation
(once / 15532 pages)
n
Something that's stated as a fact but isn't true is misinformation, especially if this is done on purpose. During a political campaign, one candidate might accuse another of spreading misinformation about her.
Misinformation is sometimes simply incorrect, like when your friend explains the mechanics of how airplanes fly but gets most of the details wrong. There's also the kind of misinformation that's deliberate, meant to hurt someone's reputation or keep secrets hidden. A government might release misinformation to hide classified details from spies, for example. When you add the "bad or wrong" prefix mis- to information, you get misinformation.
WORD FAMILY
misinformation: misinformations+/ inform: informant, information, informative, informatory, informed, informer, informing, informs, misinform /informant: informants/ information: disinformation, informational, informations/ informative: informatively, uninformative/ informed: informedly, uninformed/informer: informers/ misinform: misinformation, misinformed, misinforming, misinforms/uninformative: uninformatively
USAGE EXAMPLES
Our children should not die as a result of their parents’ philosophy, religion or misinformation.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The second ugly event is the continuation of the ubiquitous misinformation on climate change.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
In a statement earlier this month his office called the TAB report “misinformation and fear-mongering regarding a bill they haven’t even seen”.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 误报，误传
分布：错误信息(100%)
US [-fɚ-] noun uncountable
■when people are misinformed 错误的资讯
• There's a lot of misinformation about AIDS that needs to be corrected. 有许多关于爱滋病的错误资讯，亟待更正。
■information intended to deceive 假消息
• His election campaign was based on misinformation about the rival candidates. 他的竞选活动是根据有关对手候选人的假消息进行的。
n. 误报；错误的消息
 - misdeclaration, false positives

Word: mora

Word: monarchical
Front: monarchical
[məˈnɑ:kɪkl] (30273/28308)
Vocabulary: monarchical
(once / 3886 pages)
adj
A society that's monarchical is ruled by a king or queen. In a monarchical state, rulers inherit their power from their parents or other relatives.
Some monarchical states are known as "elected monarchies," in which citizens elect a monarch, but most have been hereditary, with monarchical rule passing from parent to child, and lasting for the ruler's lifetime. This style of government is unusual today, though it was common before the nineteenth century. Most remaining monarchical countries, like Great Britain, are constitutional monarchies, in which the king or queen has a ceremonial role. The Greek root word is monarkhia, "ruling of one."
WORD FAMILY
monarch: monarchal, monarches, monarchical, monarchs, monarchy +/monarchic: monarchically/monarchism: monarchist/monarchist: monarchists/ monarchy: monarchic, monarchies, monarchism
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ironically, the business of capitalism, especially corporate big business, is largely monarchical.
Seattle Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Turning to look at us from his expensive and ornate, indeed monarchical, chair, he wants it to be seen that he means business.
The Guardian(Dec 08, 2016)
Here again we can expect the monarchical model.
The Guardian(Nov 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 国王的，帝王的
分布：君主的(80%)，=monarchic.(20%)
adj. 君主的，国王的；君主政治的
 - kingly, regnal

Word: meteor
Front: meteor
[ˈmi:tiə(r)] (托 8626/23534 -1)
Vocabulary: meteor
(once / 1431 pages)
n
A meteor is a space rock that hits the atmosphere of the Earth. It's also another word for a shooting star.
There are a lot of bodies in space, such as suns, planets, and moons. Those are all rather large, but there are smaller bodies too, such as meteors. A meteor is a smaller body in space that collides with the Earth or another planet. You can also use this word for the light caused by such an impact: a meteor is a shooting star. Many meteors are caused by comets that have decayed.
WORD FAMILY
meteor: meteoric, meteoroid, meteors, micrometeor+/ meteoric: meteorically/ meteoroid: meteoroids/micrometeor: micrometeoric, micrometeoroid/micrometeoroid: micrometeoroids
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Quadrantid meteor shower peaks on Tuesday morning, according to the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Meteor is trying to convince both entities that alternative sites won’t work.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
“But the Perseid meteor shower peaks tomorrow night. Want to find a dark spot and watch?”
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 流星; 大气现象
abbr. 气象学(=meteorology)
分布：流星(99%)，大气现象(1%)
→来自希腊语ta meteora,天体现象，天空之上，来自meta-,在上，-eora,空中的，词源同air.引申词义气象。后特别用于指流星，可能因流星比较有代表性。其原义见：aerial meteors,风；aqueous meteors,雨；luminous meteors,极光；igneous meteors,流星。
US [-tˌi.ɔ:r] noun countable specialized
■a piece of rock or other matter from space that produces a bright light as it travels through the Earth's atmosphere 流星
⇒ See also shooting star;falling star
n. [天] 流星； [气象] 大气现象
 - shooting star, falling star

Word: mussel
Front: mussel
[ˈmʌsl] (-/12901 -1)
Back: n. 贻贝，蚌类; 淡菜
分布：贻贝(73%)，淡菜(27%)
→来自拉丁语mus,老鼠，词源同mouse,musk,-el,小词后缀。即小老鼠，因这种贝类形似小老鼠而得名。
noun countable
■a small sea animal that can be eaten and which lives inside a black shell with two parts that close tightly together 贻贝，淡菜，蚌
n. 蚌； [无脊椎] 贻贝； [水产] 淡菜
 - sea-mussel, moule

Word: narcissistic
Front: narcissistic
[ˌnɑ:sɪ'sɪstɪk] (17882/25361)
Vocabulary: narcissistic
(once / 24988 pages)
adj
If you can’t stop talking about yourself and obsess constantly about the way you look, you could be exhibiting narcissistic tendencies, meaning you're obsessed with yourself, especially your outside appearance.
Scholarly types may know that the word narcissistic is related to the Greek myth of Narcissus, a boy known for his good looks who after angered the gods, fell in love with his reflection in a pool. Narcissus wasted away there, too fascinated with his looks to save his own life. A narcissistic person may suffer a similar fate. The adjective narcissistic describes those who are excessively self-absorbed, especially about their looks.
WORD FAMILY
narcissistic: narcissistically+/ narcissism: narcissist, narcissistic / narcissist: narcissists
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Postcards From the Edge” was Ms. Fisher’s roman à clef that portrayed Ms. Reynolds as a kind of nonchalant, casually narcissistic gorgon of a mother.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
He’s the chef on the red phone, sounding like a thuggish surfer dude as he narcissistically flexes his biceps.
Washington Post(Dec 13, 2016)
Of course, Trump’s narcissistic ego wasn’t all too pleased with that subtitle.
Salon(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: adj. 自我陶醉的，自恋的，自我崇拜的
分布：自我陶醉的(62%)，孤芳自赏的(38%)
ADJ-GRADED
自我陶醉的;自我欣赏的
If you describe someone as narcissistic, you disapprove of them because they think about themselves a lot and admire themselves too much.
例：He was insufferable at times — self-centred and narcissistic.他有时让人难以容忍——自我中心，自我陶醉。
例：...the image of the vain, narcissistic man.自负自恋的男人形象

Word: mucky
Front: mucky
[ˈmʌki] (28235/22027)
Back: adj. 粪肥的，肮脏的
级别：muckier, muckiest
分布：肮脏的(54%)，粪的(46%)
adjective informal
■dirty 脏的，肮脏的
• Get your mucky feet off that chair! 把你的脏脚从椅子上拿开！
• Don't walk all over my clean floor in your mucky boots. 别穿着你的脏靴子在我的干净地板上到处走。
UK informal * pornographic
• a mucky magazine 淫秽杂志，黄色书刊
adj. 脏的，粪的；讨厌的
 - evil, rank

Word: moralist
Front: moralist
[ˈmɒrəlɪst] (21627/22337)
Vocabulary: moralist
(once / 2104 pages)
n
A moralist is someone who has very strong opinions about what is right and what is wrong. Most moralists are offended when other people don't share their values.
Morals — personal beliefs about what is good or acceptable behavior — are extremely important to a moralist. In fact, moralists tend to feel so strongly about their own rules that they expect others to follow them precisely. The earliest meaning of moralist was simply "moral person," although it came to mean "person who moralizes," or makes authoritative comments on moral issues, often with a sense of superiority. The Latin root word, moralis, means "pertaining to morals."
WORD FAMILY
moralist: moralists+/amoral: amoralism, amorality, amorally /amoralism: amoralist/amoralist: amoralists/ immoral: immorality, immorally/ immorality: immoralities/ moral: amoral, immoral, moralise, moralism, morality, moralize, morally, morals /moralisation: moralisations/moralise: moralisation, moralised, moralises, moralising/moralism: moralisms, moralist /moralistic: moralistically/ morality: moralistic, moralities/moralization: moralizations/ moralize: moralization, moralized, moralizes, moralizing/moralizing: moralizings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The profile was at odds with the popular image he so long enjoyed of father figure and public moralist.
New York Times(Dec 05, 2016)
The first was that Lawrence was a moralist and Miller was an anarchist.
The New Yorker(Dec 04, 2016)
Critics described him as a stubborn Don Quixote who saw — or imagined — corruption everywhere, a moralist particularly when it came to the actions of others.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 道德家，道德主义者，说教者
分布：道德学家(62%)，卫道士(38%)
→来自moral,道德的，-ist,人。讽刺用法。
道德家(moral道德的)[-ist表名词"表示信仰,专家或从事某活动的人"以-ist结尾的单词,不少同时可作形容词用]
US ['mɔ:r-] noun countable disapproving
■a person who tries to force or teach other people to behave in ways he or she considers to be most correct and honest 道德家；说教者

Word: outbound
Front: outbound
[ˈaʊtbaʊnd] (-/30638)
Back: adj. 开往外地的，开往外国的
分布：形容词(91%)，名词(9%)
adjective
■travelling away from a particular point 外驶的；向外的；离港的；离开某地的
• There has been an increase in outbound traffic leaving London airport for the Mediterranean resorts. 从伦敦机场飞往地中海旅游胜地的出港旅客有所增加。

Word: northeastern
Front: northeastern
[ˌnɔ:θ'i:stən] (7474/35051)
Back: adj. （在）东北的; 向东北的; 来自东北的; （常大写）东北部的
分布：东北方的(46%)，来自东北的(29%)，在东北的(25%)
东北方的[-ern 1.表形容词"…方向的"2.表名词"…场所"]
US [ˌnɔ:r'θi:.stɚn] (written abbreviation NE)
adjective
■in or from the northeast 在东北的；从东北的
• the Northeastern states 东北部各州
• Northeastern China 中国东北部

Word: operatic
Front: operatic
[ˌɒpə'rætɪk] (16967/15754)
Back: adj. 歌剧的; 歌剧风格的
分布：歌剧的(60%)，歌剧风格的(40%)
US [ˌɑ:.pə'rætˌ-] adjective
■of, for or relating to opera 歌剧的；和歌剧相关的
• an operatic society 歌剧社
• operatic arias 歌剧咏叹调

Word: orbiter
Front: orbiter
[ˈɔ:bɪtə(r)] (16860/-)
Back: n. （尤指在轨道上运行的）轨道飞行器
分布：轨道飞行器(58%)，人造卫星(42%)
n. 人造卫星；盘旋物
 - Sputnik, artificial satellite

Word: opportune
Front: opportune
[ˈɒpətju:n] (宝 22301/19778)
Vocabulary: opportune
(once / 53 pages)
adj
Use the adjective opportune to describe especially good timing. A snowstorm is an opportune time to make extra money shoveling your neighbor's driveway.
You can see the word opportunity in opportune. Both words come from the Latin word opportunus, meaning "favorable," which itself is derived from a phrase that describes wind blowing toward a port. Just as the wind helps speed ships toward shore, something that is opportune offers favorable circumstances for accomplishing something or doing something.
WORD FAMILY
opportune: inopportune, opportunely, opportuneness, opportunity +/ inopportune: inopportunely, inopportuneness/ opportunism: opportunist, opportunistic / opportunist: opportunists/ opportunistic: opportunistically/ opportunity: opportunism, opportunities
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Women find that an opportune time to unburden themselves.”
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Despite the challenges, it is still an opportune time to revisit Davis-Bacon.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 02, 2016)
The editors acknowledge the challenge of appealing to a German audience but said the timing of the new edition was opportune.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. （时间）合适的; 恰好的; 及时的; 适时的
adv. 恰好地，适时地
n. 恰好，适时，及时
分布：适当的(60%)，合时宜的(40%)
→来自拉丁语opportunus,合适的，有利的，来自短语ob portum veniens,朝向港口的风，来自ob,朝向，向前，portum,港口，词源同port,veniens,来，词源同advent.后引申词义适当的，有机会的。比较inopportune.
【记】op朝向，port港口，une一进入港口避风雨一合适的
【反】inconvenient（adj 不便的）；untimely（adj 不合时宜的）
US [ˌɑ:.pɚ'tu:n] formal
adjective
■happening at a time which is likely to give success or which is convenient （时间）合适的，恰当的，适宜的
• This would seem to be an opportune moment for reviving our development plan. 看来这将是恢复我们发展计划的大好时机。
• Would it be opportune to discuss the contract now? 现在讨论这项合约合适吗？
Opposite inopportune
adj. 适当的；恰好的；合时宜的
 - suitable, appropriate, proper, adequate, becoming

Word: patter
Front: patter
[ˈpætə(r)] (19162/18912 -1)
Vocabulary: patter
(once / 1553 pages)
vn
When something patters, it makes a light, rhythmic, tapping sound. On a rainy night, you might love lying in bed listening to the rain patter on the roof.
You can describe the way rain patters, or the way children's feet patter down the hallway on Christmas morning. The light, quick sound itself is also a patter: "Listen to the patter of sleet on the window!" Informally, a salesman's pitch can be called patter as well, from an older meaning, "talk rapidly," from pater, "mumble prayers rapidly." The tapping kind of patter has a different root, which it shares with pat.
WORD FAMILY
patter: pattered, pattering, patters
USAGE EXAMPLES
And in counterpoint to the voice of my excellent guide, Libanio, is the gentle patter of rain.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
What would happen if a president talked to world leaders in the same explosive patter Donald Trump perfected on the campaign trail?
Seattle Times(Dec 05, 2016)
Their mind-reading act was top-notch, their patter a notch lower.
New York Times(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: vt. （雨点）嗒嗒地下; 嗒嗒地跑; 叽叽喳喳地念; 喋喋不休
n. 黑话，行话; 嗒嗒声; 快板，顺口溜; 急速拍打声
vi. 滴答地响; 急速地说; 发出急速轻拍声
时态：pattered, pattering, patters
分布：行话(33%)，轻快脚步声(14%)，发出急速轻拍声(14%)，急速拍打声(14%)，顺口溜(11%)，喋喋不休(7%)，滴嗒地响(7%)
→来自pat,拍打，-re,表反复。
US ['pætˌ.ɚ] noun
SPEECH 讲话
uncountable
■continuous and sometimes funny speech or talk, especially used by someone trying to sell things or by an entertainer （表演娱乐节目或推销商品时说的）顺口溜，连续不间断的说词
• He should succeed - he dresses well and his sales patter is slick and convincing. 他会成功的——他穿着体面，推销词说得既俐落又令人信服。
UK ['pæt.ər] US ['pætˌ.ɚ] noun
SOUND 声音
only singular
■the sound of a lot of things gently and repeatedly hitting a surface 急促的轻拍声
• I find the patter of rain on the roof soothing. 我觉得雨点敲击屋顶的声音能使人放松。
UK ['pæt.ər] US ['pætˌ.ɚ] noun
the patter(ing) of tiny feet humorous
■something that you say which means that someone is going to have a baby 小宝宝的脚步声（指即将有孩子）
• Are you telling me we're going to be hearing the patter of tiny feet? 你是说我们就要有小宝宝了吗？
UK ['pæt.ər] US ['pætˌ.ɚ] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to make the sound of a lot of things gently and repeatedly hitting a surface 发出轻快的拍打声，发出啪嗒啪嗒声
• I heard the rain patter against/on the window. 我听见雨点啪嗒啪嗒地打在窗户上。
• We could hear mice pattering about/around looking for food. 我们听见老鼠窸窸窣窣四处寻找食物。
n. 行话；轻快脚步声；急速拍打声
 - jargon, industry lingo
vt. 喋喋不休地说；使…发出嗒嗒声
 - rattle on, rattle away

Word: oversimplify
Front: oversimplify
[ˌəʊvəˈsɪmplɪfaɪ] (20434/25233)
Back: v. （使）过分地单纯化
时态：oversimplified, oversimplifying, oversimplifies
分布：动词(87%)，名词(13%)
→over-,超过，过度，simplify,简化。
US [ˌoʊ.vɚ'sɪm.plə-] verb intransitive or transitive
■to describe or explain something in such a simple way that it is no longer right or true （将…）过于简单化
• The TV documentary grossly oversimplified the problem. 这部电视纪录片过分简化了这个问题。

Word: peccadillo
Front: peccadillo
[ˌpekəˈdɪləʊ] (宝 37916/-)
Vocabulary: peccadillo
(once / 13221 pages)
n
A peccadillo is a minor offense or sin. Parents recognize that their kids have a few peccadilloes: they don't always remember to say please and thank you, don't put their dirty clothes in the hamper, and worst of all, they keep finding the chocolate stash!
Peccadillo is based on the Spanish word peccado, meaning "sin," with a diminutive added, making peccadillo a small sin. How big a sin is a peccadillo? Well, that depends on whom you ask. The person committing the offense is likely to try to pass off any number of transgressions and mistakes as peccadilloes. If you apologize and are forgiven, it's probably a peccadillo. If your transgression could get you fired, it's probably not!
WORD FAMILY
peccadillo: peccadilloes, peccadillos
USAGE EXAMPLES
“We aren’t actually interested in people’s various peccadilloes,” said one security official.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 29, 2016)
Sometimes the best way to see someone as human is to observe their peccadillos.
New York Times(Aug 29, 2016)
But most unlikely is the occasion during which Lyssa’s past peccadillo is revealed.
New York Times(Aug 18, 2016)
Back: n. 轻罪，小过失
分布：小过失(53%)，轻罪(47%)
→来自西班牙语pecado,罪过，罪恶，-illo,小词后缀，来自拉丁语peccare,犯错，错误，犯罪，可能来自pedica,脚，脚链，来自ped,脚，词源同foot,biped,impeach.其原义可能为不慎跌倒，摔倒，后引申词义犯错，罪过，罪恶。
【记】pecca＝pecc过失，dillo小
【参】peccable（adj 易犯罪的）；impeccable（adj 没有瑕疵的）
US [-oʊ] (plural peccadillos or peccadilloes)
noun countable
■a small fault or a not very bad action 小错误，过失
• a youthful peccadillo 年轻时犯的小错误
• He dismissed what had happened as a mere peccadillo. 他只把发生的事当作一个小过失而不予理会。
n. 轻罪；小过失；小瑕疵
 - misdemeanor, venial sin

Word: pastry
Front: pastry
[ˈpeɪstri] (宝 6315/8102 -2)
Vocabulary: pastry
(once / 2320 pages)
n
A pastry is a sweet baked good. If you are into fruit tarts or chocolate eclairs, then you've got a thing for pastries.
Most pastries start out as a soft dough or batter made from flour, sugar, eggs, milk, and butter. A tray of pastry at breakfast could include Danishes and croissants, while dessert pastries might be baklava, cream puffs, and strudel. All of these are variously flavored baked sweets, some formed from thin layers of flaky dough and others filled with fruit, cream, or other fillings. Another type of pastry is pie crust, a buttery dough that forms the base (and sometimes topping) for pies. Pastry originally meant "food made from paste," and paste meant "dough."
WORD FAMILY
pastry: pastries
USAGE EXAMPLES
Try it with a creamy pastry dessert or with blueberry pancakes on New Year’s morning.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
After hundreds of shots of handbags, sushi and French pastries, the last picture is a quote.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
It is candles, nubby woolens, shearling slippers, woven textiles, pastries, blond wood, sheepskin rugs, lattes with milk-foam hearts, and a warm fireplace.
The New Yorker(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 糕点; 油酥糕点; 油酥面团; 油酥面皮
分布：馅饼皮(54%)，面粉糕饼(46%)
→来自拉丁语pasta,面团，面食，-ry,名词后缀。引申词义糕点，油酥面团。
【记】past＝paste（n 浆糊，面糊），try－努力用面糊做成糕点
noun
 ADVANCED uncountable
■a food made from a mixture of flour, fat and water, which is rolled flat and wrapped round or put over or under other foods and baked 油酥糕点；油酥点心
• shortcrust/puff/filo/choux/flaky pastry 松脆酥／（奶油松饼）泡芙／酥饼／鸡蛋饼／千层酥
• Ann makes delicious pastry - you should try her apple pie. 安做的糕点很好吃——你应该尝尝她做的苹果派。
countable
■a type of sweet cake made of special pastry and usually containing something such as fruit or nuts 茶点，点心
• We were offered a selection of cakes and pastries with our tea. 我们喝茶时有几种蛋糕和茶点可以挑选。
⇒ See also Danish pastry

Word: perfunctory
Front: perfunctory
[pəˈfʌŋktəri] (宝 19128/19126)
Vocabulary: perfunctory
(once / 2985 pages)
adj
Perfunctory means done as part of a routine or duty. If you give someone a gift and they look at it like it's roadkill and say nothing about it but a perfunctory "thank you," you might not be giving them another one anytime soon.
A person who does something in a perfunctory way shows little enthusiasm or interest in what they are doing. Many of our everyday greetings are perfunctory. For example, when we say hello and how are you, it's usually done out of habit. Perfunctory is from Latin perfunctus, from perfungi "to get through with, perform," formed from the Latin prefix per- "completely" plus fungi "to perform."
WORD FAMILY
perfunctory: perfunctorily
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s simply the absurdity of the questions and the perfunctory way in which they’re being asked.
Salon(Dec 25, 2016)
But some student activists see that response as a perfunctory fix to a deep-rooted problem.
Time(Dec 21, 2016)
In the rosy glow of victory, some of the call-and-response chants seemed more perfunctory than passionate.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 敷衍的; 马虎的; 肤浅的; 浅薄的
分布：敷衍的(100%)
→per-,完全的，-funct,功能，职责，词源同function,functionary.字面意思即完全的履行公事，词义贬义化，引申词义例行公事的，潦草的，不负责任的等。
草率的(per+funct作用+ory→没起好作用→草率的)[per-①表示"贯穿,自始至终"②表示"假,坏"]
草率的,不加思考的(per表面+funct+ory→在表面活动→草率的)[funct=perform,表示"活动"]
草率的(per表面＋funct做...表面上做)[-ory 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词,指场所等]
【记】per表面，funct功能，ory－表面上有功能－马虎敷衍的
【反】obsession（n 迷住；困扰）
US [pɚ'fʌŋk.tɚ.i] adjective
■done quickly, without taking care or interest 草率的；马虎的；敷衍的
• His smile was perfunctory. 他的笑容很敷衍。
adj. 敷衍的；马虎的；得过且过的
 - slapdash

Word: polyethylene
Front: polyethylene
[ˌpɒliˈeθəli:n] (19514/17557)
Back: n. 聚乙烯
分布：聚乙烯(100%)
→poly-,多，复，聚，ethylene,乙烯。
US [ˌpɑ:.li'eθ.ə-] noun uncountable US for polythene
n. [高分子] 聚乙烯
 - formale, tygon

Word: portly
Front: portly
[ˈpɔ:tli] (20110/23027)
Vocabulary: portly
(once / 2644 pages)
adj
Don't call someone fat. Be nice, and call them portly. Portly is just one of several words that are kinder than "fat," including "stout," "heavy," and "pleasingly plump."
The tenor was portly, but all that girth makes it easier for him to produce all that sound. One way to remember the meaning of the word portly is to think of a bottle of port, the sweet wine that tastes like sherry and is notoriously calorific. Want to be less portly? Then try drinking less port and other alcoholic beverages.
WORD FAMILY
portly: portlier, portliest
USAGE EXAMPLES
He was a portly, toppled despot aghast at how stubbornly an intelligent woman refused to defer to him.
Seattle Times(Nov 02, 2016)
A man met Mrs. Hummick, who was rather portly, and was advised to remember her name by thinking of "stomach."
New York Times(Feb 27, 2015)
He is gently unassuming and comfortably portly, and quite lacking in the hauteur one may expect from the head of such a distinctive brand.
The Guardian(Oct 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 肥胖的
分布：肥胖的(100%)
→来自拉丁语portare,携带，词源同port,porter.引申词义有重量的，肥胖的。
US ['pɔ:rt-] adjective
■(especially of middle-aged or old men) fat and round （尤指中年或老年男子）肥胖的，发福的
• He was a portly figure in a tight-fitting jacket and bow tie. 他身材肥胖，穿着一件紧绷绷的短上衣，戴着领结。
adj. 肥胖的；魁伟的
 - massive, round, obese, fatty

Word: prefabricate
Front: prefabricate
['pri:'fæbrɪkeɪt] None
Back: vt. 预制
时态：prefabricated, prefabricating, prefabricates
分布：预先建造(100%)
vt. 预先制造；预先构思；预制构件
 - precast element

Word: pleasurable
Front: pleasurable
[ˈpleʒərəbl] (14379/11542 -1)
Vocabulary: pleasurable
(once / 2276 pages)
adj
Something pleasurable is fun or satisfying in some way. You probably find petting your cat pleasurable, but your cat may feel that scratching the sofa is much more pleasurable for him.
Things that give you pleasure — because they're entertaining, funny, pleasant, or delicious — are pleasurable. Pleasure — just like beauty — tends to be in the eye of the beholder. Your idea of a pleasurable summer day might be lounging in a hammock with a good book and a glass of iced tea. And, while your sister thinks spending Saturday at the mall is pleasurable, that might sound like the least pleasurable activity in the world to you. The Latin root, placere, means "to please."
WORD FAMILY
pleasurable: pleasurablest, pleasurably+/ displease: displeased, displeases, displeasing, displeasure/displeased: displeasedly/displeasing: displeasingly/displeasure: displeasures/pleasance: pleasances/ pleasant: pleasance, pleasanter, pleasantest, pleasantly, pleasantness, unpleasant /pleasantness: pleasantnesses/ please: displease, pleasant, pleased, pleaseed, pleaser, pleases, pleasing, pleasure /pleased: pleaseder, pleasedly/pleaser: pleasers/pleasing: pleasinger, pleasingly, pleasingness, pleasings, unpleasing/ pleasure: pleasurable, pleasures/ unpleasant: unpleasanter, unpleasantest, unpleasantly, unpleasantness/unpleasantness: unpleasantnesses/unpleasing: unpleasingly, unpleasingness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Gratitude is the very stuff that makes social relationships possible and pleasurable.
Time(Nov 23, 2016)
They’re both very pleasurable, but the cinema remains the most magical thing.
New York Times(Nov 16, 2016)
In a more subtle phase, hypomania, the volume is just high enough to be pleasurable.
Washington Post(Nov 11, 2016)
Back: adj. 令人快乐的，愉快的，舒适的
n. 快乐
分布：令人愉快的(87%)，使人快乐的(13%)
US [-ɚ.ə-] slightly formal
adjective
■enjoyable 令人愉快的，舒适的
• a pleasurable evening/meal 愉快的晚会／进餐
• a pleasurable sensation 令人心旷神怡的感觉
adj. 快乐的；心情舒畅的；令人愉快的
 - lovely, grateful, festival, enjoyable, cheerful

Word: prentice

Word: rejuvenation
Front: rejuvenation
[rɪˌdʒu:və'neɪʃn] (20901/24855)
Vocabulary: rejuvenation
(once / 19667 pages)
n
Rejuvenation is the act of making something newly fresh or full of energy. Rejuvenation makes something old seem young again.
To rejuvenate is to bring renewed life to something old by giving it new vitality, and rejuvenation is the process of freshening something up or reviving it. Painting and making repairs in an old house is an example of rejuvenation. Hiring young, energetic workers can be a type of rejuvenation for a business. Rejuvenation comes from Latin roots, re, or "again," and juvenis, "young."
WORD FAMILY
rejuvenation: rejuvenations+/ rejuvenate: rejuvenated, rejuvenates, rejuvenating, rejuvenation
USAGE EXAMPLES
Yes, well, a new year always brings rejuvenation.
Golf Digest(Jan 02, 2017)
The whole point of such outsider rejuvenations of conservatism is to reinforce the defense of hierarchy ever more deeply.
Salon(Dec 26, 2016)
George is turning to his past to find that rejuvenation.
The New Yorker(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 返老还童; 恢复活力; 回春; 复壮
分布：恢复(52%)，再生(16%)，更新(16%)，复原(10%)，嫩化(6%)
返老还童(rejuvenate+ion)[juven=young,表示"年轻"]
n. [地质] [水文] 回春，返老还童；复壮，恢复活力
 - renovation, juvenescence

Word: procrastinate
Front: procrastinate
[prəʊˈkræstɪneɪt] (宝 24515/34854)
Vocabulary: procrastinate
(once / 4711 pages)
v
Procrastinate means to put off doing something until a future time. When people sit down to write term papers, they can find all kinds of clever ways to procrastinate: reorganizing the paperclips, calling everyone they know, typing "I am bored" fifty times in a row.
The verb procrastinate is from Latin prōcrāstināre, from prō- "forward" plus crāstinus "of tomorrow," from crās "tomorrow." Some synonyms are defer, postpone, and delay, though these words often apply to more positive reasons for inaction. The reason for procrastination is often assumed to be laziness, or just that the task or action is unpleasant and difficult to begin.
WORD FAMILY
procrastinate: procrastinated, procrastinates, procrastinating, procrastination, procrastinator +/ procrastination: procrastinations/ procrastinator: procrastinators
USAGE EXAMPLES
She chided technology companies for procrastinating on integrating data into mapping applications that “will save many lives.”
New York Times(Dec 19, 2016)
But you procrastinate and end up curling up in a fleece blanket once again when the thermometer dips.
Washington Post(Nov 03, 2016)
But even he procrastinates when it comes to writing.
Time(Nov 01, 2016)
Back: vi. 拖延，耽搁
时态：procrastinated, procrastinating, procrastinates
分布：拖延(60%)，耽搁(23%)，延迟(17%)
→来自拉丁语procrastinare,拖延，推迟，来自pro-,向前，crastinus,明天的，来自cras,明天。
拖延(pro+crastin明天+ate→有许多明天明日复明日→拖延)[pro-①表示"向前,在前"②表示"很多…"③表示"赞同,亲..."]
拖延(明日复明日)[crastin=tomorrow(明天)]
【记】pro向前，crastin明天，ate吃－明天再吃吧－拖延pro前，crast＝crust面包皮，地壳，in，ate吃：给你吃面包皮，吃得很慢，所以拖延了时间。
US [proʊ-] verb intransitive
■to keep delaying something that must be done, often because it is unpleasant or boring 拖延，耽搁
• I know I've got to deal with the problem at some point - I'm just procrastinating. 我知道迟早得解决这个问题——我只是在拖延时间。
vt. 耽搁，延迟
 - time delay, detain
vi. 耽搁，延迟
 - wait, time delay

Word: salami
Front: salami
[səˈlɑ:mi] (18767/16975)
Back: n. 意大利腊肠
分布：意大利香肠(75%)，意大利蒜味腊肠(25%)
→来自意大利语 salami,复数格于 salame,腌猪肉条，香肠，来自通俗拉丁语*salamen,盐渍物， 来自 sal,盐，词源同 salt,-men,名词后缀。
noun uncountable
■a large sausage made from meat and spices which has a strong taste and is usually eaten cold in slices 莎乐美香肠，萨拉米香肠

Word: seif

Word: scrawny
Front: scrawny
[ˈskrɔ:ni] (16827/24581)
Vocabulary: scrawny
(once / 11773 pages)
adj
Scrawny is an insulting way to describe someone who's very thin and weak. You might be surprised by how lifting weights transformed your scrawny teammate to a muscular athlete by the end of the season.
The adjective scrawny can describe a small, underweight body but it can also describe anything that's not very big or well-made — a scrawny tree that never gets any taller or fuller or a scrawny audience that disappoints the band because they were expecting a sold-out concert. Scrawny may have come from the Old Norse word skraelna, to shrivel.
WORD FAMILY
scrawny: scrawnier, scrawniest, scrawniness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Lucas laughed as he recalled how scrawny Morris was as a child, particularly compared with his big brother.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
A veal rib chop was a little scrawny, however.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
“You want how much for this scrawny thing?”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 瘦的，皮包骨的
级别：scrawnier, scrawniest
分布：骨瘦如柴的(68%)，瘦的(32%)
→拼写变体自方言词 scranny,薄的，瘦的，词源可能同 scraggy,皮包骨的，骨瘦如柴的。
US ['skrɑ:-] adjective
■unpleasantly thin, often with bones showing 瘦骨嶙峋的，皮包骨的
• He came home after three months at college looking terribly scrawny. 他在大学里呆了三个月后回到家里，样子瘦得可怕。
adj. 骨瘦如柴的
 - dry-boned, flesh-fallen

Word: reportage
Front: reportage
[rɪˈpɔ:tɪdʒ] (宝 25757/33398)
Back: n. 报道，报道的消息，报告文学
分布：报告文学(79%)，新闻报道(21%)
→来自 report,汇报，报道，-age,表相关。
【记】源于：report（n /v 报道）
US [rɪ'pɔ:r.tˌɪdʒ] formal
noun uncountable
■the activity of, or style of, reporting events in newspapers or broadcasting them on television or radio 报道工作；新闻报道；报道文体
n. 报告文学，报道文学；报道，新闻报道
 - news report, news story

Word: rink
Front: rink
[rɪŋk] (10570/16738 -1)
Vocabulary: rink
(once / 5823 pages)
n
Use the noun rink for an indoor area where you can ice skate or roller skate, or for the surface itself. If skating around and around to blasting music is your thing, head to a rink.
An ice rink has an ice-covered surface, benches for changing from shoes to skates, and often places to buy snacks. Roller rinks have skates for rent, a hard surface to skate on, and loud music. Rink first appeared in English in the 14th century, from the Scottish dialect. Though it comes from the Old French renc, "line or row," it was mixed up with ring at some point and came to describe the ring-shaped ice rink.
WORD FAMILY
rink: rinks
USAGE EXAMPLES
The rink itself was placed on a tableau of the No. 100, signifying both the centennial season for both the Leafs and NHL.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
They dominated possession and didn’t allow a clean path into their end of the rink.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“Just thank God there was end boards at the end of the rink,” Evans said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 溜冰场; 冰球场; （草地）木球场
vi. 溜冰
分布：溜冰场(100%)
→来自 ring 方言变体。
noun countable
■a large flat surface, of ice or other hard material, for skating (= a sport using special boots to move along) or the area or building which contains this 溜冰场；旱冰场
• an ice rink 溜冰场
• a roller-skating rink 旱冰场
n. 溜冰场，室内溜冰场；冰球场
 - hockey area
vi. 溜冰
 - ice-skate

Word: retrain
Front: retrain
[ˌri:ˈtreɪn] (15253/19121 -1)
Vocabulary: retrain
(once / 16601 pages)
v
To retrain is to teach (or to learn) all new information and skills. Once your dog retires from guarding sheep, you can retrain her to be a visiting therapy dog in nursing homes.
When someone loses a job in one industry, a state employment agency can often help to retrain them for new kinds of work. A mill worker might retrain to be a computer programmer, for example. The verb retrain has the "again" prefix re- added to train, "to discipline or teach," a definition that grew out of the meaning "manipulate and shape," the way a gardener trains a vine to grow up an arbor.
WORD FAMILY
retrain: retrained, retraining, retrains+/detrain: detrained, detraining, detrains/entrain: entrained, entraining, entrains/ train: detrain, entrain, retrain, trained, trainee, trainer, training, trains/trained: untrained/trainee: trainees, traineeship/traineeship: traineeships/trainer: trainers/training: trainings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The standard response is to call for greater equality of opportunity – retraining workers, improving access to higher education and combating discrimination.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
With little help from doctors, Blaney developed his own exercises to retrain his hand and brain.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Older workers paying off their kids’ student loans or their own midcareer retraining costs are a different story.
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: vt. 重新教育，再教育
时态：retrained, retraining, retrains
分布：重新培训(100%)
→re-,再，重新，train,训练。
verb
intransitive
■to learn new skills so you can do a different job 重新培养；再培训；再训练
• Mark used to be an actor but now he's retraining as a teacher. 马克过去是个演员，但他现在正接受培训成为教师。
transitive
■to teach someone a new skill so they can do a different job 再培训；再训练；教授新技能
• The programme retrains unemployed people. 这个计划让失业的人接受再培训。
vt. 重新教育；再教育
 - reeducate

Word: spoiler
Front: spoiler
[ˈspɔɪlə(r)] (20188/33162)
Back: n. 气流偏导器; 剧透; 阻流板; 选举中的搅局者
分布：扰流器(54%)，阻流板(25%)，掠夺者(14%)，剧情透露(7%)
→spoil,糟蹋，破坏，-er,人。
US [-lɚ] noun countable
CAR PART 汽车部份
■a device on a car or aircraft which is positioned so that it stops the air from flowing around the vehicle in a smooth way and so helps to control it （汽车的）气流偏导器；（机翼的）扰流器
UK ['spɔɪ.lər] US [-lɚ] noun countable
TAKING ATTENTION 注意
■a newspaper article, television programme, etc. that is produced just before or at the same time as another similar one in order to take attention away from it （某报刊或电视台抢先或同期推出的）试图抢风头的文章（或节目）
n. 扰流器；掠夺者；损坏者
 - vortex generator, reiver

Word: shalom
Front: shalom
[ʃæ'lɒm] None
Back: int. 您好
分布：您好(100%)
→希伯来见面或告别时问候语，来自希伯来语 shalom,和平，安康，来自闪语三字母根 s-l-m, 和平，安康，词源同 salaam,Islam,Muslim.
US [-'lɑ:m] exclamation
■a form of greeting or a way of saying goodbye, used by Jewish people 祝您平安（犹太人问候或告别时的用语）
int. 再见；您好
 - bye, adios

Word: serf
Front: serf
[sɜ:f] (21896/17229)
Vocabulary: serf
(once / 1546 pages)
n
A serf is a person who is forced to work on a plot of land, especially during the medieval period when Europe practiced feudalism, when a few lords owned all the land and everyone else had to toil on it.
In Europe between the 9th and 15th centuries, large plots of land were ruled by lords who made serfs work the land for the lords’ profit. The Latin root of the word is servus, which literally means “slave,” but serf and slave are not synonyms. There were many kinds of serfs, some of which were indeed slaves, but others were more like employees who had some limited freedom. Either way, a serf’s life was a brutal and unpleasant life.
WORD FAMILY
serf: serfdom, serfhood, serflike, serfs+/serfdom: serfdoms
USAGE EXAMPLES
His Barge Haulers on the Volga brutally presents the miserable serfs, exhaustedly dragging a boat upstream.
The Guardian(Oct 22, 2016)
Will changing ownership norms simply turn us into a society of serfs?
Slate(Oct 03, 2016)
Anton Chekhov’s The Cherry Orchard ends with the aged servant Firs, a former serf, alone on the deserted stage.
The Guardian(Sep 26, 2016)
Back: n. 农奴，奴隶; 像农奴般遭受奴役的人
分布：农奴(75%)，奴隶(25%)
→来自 serve 的名词形式，比较 proof,prove.用于指农奴。
US [sɝ:f] noun countable
■a member of a low social class in medieval times who worked on the land and was the property of the person who owned that land （中世纪的）农奴
n. 农奴；奴隶；被压迫者
 - slave, villein

Word: subjugate
Front: subjugate
[ˈsʌbdʒugeɪt] (宝 20637/20670)
Vocabulary: subjugate
(once / 1676 pages)
v
If you say you won't be kept down by the man, you are saying that you won't let the man subjugate you. To subjugate is to repress someone, or to make them subservient to you.
In subjugate you see the word subject. In this word, it's not talking about the subject of a sentence, rather it's talking about the kind of subjects that Kings have serving them. Subjugate is to reduce someone's status to that of a subject. It's a royal demotion, often brought by force or intimidation.
WORD FAMILY
subjugate: subjugable, subjugated, subjugates, subjugating, subjugation, subjugator+/ subjugation: subjugations/subjugator: subjugators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Police say the young woman died in a dispute over dowry, the coercive practice of gift-giving that some say subjugates brides.
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
Over the years he has shared similar reports of covert armies preparing to subjugate the American people.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 19, 2016)
But if he sticks to his promises and ends up in a fight with the central bank, he will find it easy to subjugate.
Washington Post(Nov 15, 2016)
Back: vt. 征服，降伏
时态：subjugated, subjugating, subjugates
分布：征服(52%)，制服(20%)，克制(14%)，抑制(14%)
→sub-,在下，-jug,连接，系，词源同 join,yoke,jugular.即系在下面，引申词义制伏，使屈服。
镇压;征服(sub+jug牛轭＋ate→套上牛轭→镇压)[sub-①表示"在下面,次一等,副手"②表示"接近,靠近"]
压服,征服(sub在下+jug+ate→把...放在牛轭下→压服)[jug=yoke,表示"牛轭"]
【记】sub下面，ju猪，gate门－关门放猪－征服你
【反】liberate（v 解放；释放）；enfranchise（v 给予选举权；解放）
['sʌb.dʒʊ.geɪt] formal
verb transitive
DEFEAT 打败
■to defeat people or a country and rule them in a way which allows them no freedom 征服，使臣服，使屈服
['sʌb.dʒʊ.geɪt] formal
verb transitive
CONTROL 控制
■to treat yourself, your wishes or your beliefs as being less important than other people or their wishes or beliefs 克制，抑制（愿望、信仰等）
• [R] She subjugated herself to her mother's needs. 她克制自己，先满足母亲的需要。
• Journalists must subjugate personal political convictions to their professional commitment to balance. 新闻工作者必须使自己的政治信仰屈服于保持中立的职业要求。
vt. 征服；使服从；克制
 - submit, master

Word: subterfuge
Front: subterfuge
[ˈsʌbtəfju:dʒ] (宝 22138/23338)
Vocabulary: subterfuge
(once / 3448 pages)
n
If you want to surprise your mom with a sweatshirt, but don't know her size, it might take an act of subterfuge, like going through her closet, to find it out. Subterfuge is the use of tricky actions to hide or get something.
It's pronounced "SUB-ter-fyooj." As a countable noun, a subterfuge is a tricky action or device: She employed a very clever subterfuge to get the information she needed. Subterfuge is from French, from Old French suterfuge, from Late Latin subterfugium, from Latin subterfugere "to escape," from subter "secretly, under" plus fugere "to flee."
WORD FAMILY
subterfuge: subterfuges
USAGE EXAMPLES
Emails of top Democrats were hacked and leaked in what U.S. intelligence officials called Russian subterfuge against Democrat Hillary Clinton.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
“No employment off the books. No subterfuge,” he said.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
This is a golden age of chemical discovery - and subterfuge.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. （用说谎或欺骗以逃脱责备、困难等的）花招，遁词
分布：托辞(43%)，借口(31%)，遁词(26%)
→subter-,更下，来自 sub-,在下，-ter,比较级后缀，-fug,逃跑，词源同 fugitive,refuge.引申比喻 义偷跑，诡计，欺骗等。
遁词;诡计(subter在下面,低于+fuge→逃下去→遁词)[fug=flee,表示"逃,离开"]
【记】sub下面，ter，fuge逃跑－从下面逃跑－诡计；借口
US [-tɚ-] noun countable or uncountable
■a trick or a dishonest way of achieving something 花招，伎俩；诡计
• It was clear that they must have obtained the information by subterfuge. 很明显，他们一定是靠花招弄到那些资料。
n. 托词；借口；诡计
 - excuse, scheme, fraud, blind

Word: sycophantic
Front: sycophantic
[ˌsɪkə'fæntɪk] (37114/33723)
Vocabulary: sycophantic
(once / 30620 pages)
adj
The adjective sycophantic is perfect for describing someone who uses flattery to get what they want. The sycophantic guy in your biology class might compliment the professor on her fabulous shoes as he hands in his lab report.
Someone who's sycophantic goes overboard with compliments, usually to gain some kind of advantage. You see sycophantic behavior in Hollywood all the time, from red carpet interviews pouring flattery on movie stars to fawning autograph seekers. Sycophantic comes from the Greek word sykophantes, "one who shows the fig," a vulgar gesture of the time. The reference is to hypocritical Greeks behind the scenes who pretended to flatter while encouraging others to "show the fig."
WORD FAMILY
sycophantic: sycophantically+/sycophancy: sycophancies/ sycophant: sycophancy, sycophantic, sycophants
USAGE EXAMPLES
During the campaign, Christie, perhaps the most unpopular governor in America and Trump’s most embarrassingly sycophantic supporter, was appointed to head the transition.
The New Yorker(Nov 15, 2016)
So it shouldn’t surprise us if there is an air of the sycophantic about the team he enlists.
Washington Post(Nov 11, 2016)
He is wearing Puma trainers and a Puma polo top, but doesn’t come out with any sycophantic spiel about his sponsor.
The Guardian(Nov 12, 2016)
Back: adj. 说奉承话的
分布：说奉承话的(60%)，阿谀的(40%)
[ˌsɪk.ə'fæn.tɪk] formal disapproving
adjective
■(of a person or of behaviour) praising people in authority in a way that is not sincere, usually in order to get some advantage from them 阿谀奉承的，谄媚的
• There was sycophantic laughter from the audience at every one of his terrible jokes. 他每讲一个非常糟糕的笑话，听众都发出谄媚的笑声。
adj. 说奉承话的；阿谀的
 - adulatory, gnathonic

Word: storefront
Front: storefront
[ˈstɔ:frʌnt] (10601/-)
Back: n. <美>店面（房），铺面（房），临街房
adj. 临街的; 在一楼工作的
分布：店面(84%)，临街的(9%)，店头(7%)
→store,店铺，front,前面。
US ['stɔ:r-] US (UK shop front)
noun countable
■the part of a shop which faces the road 临街店面，临街店铺
• A number of storefronts were damaged in the riots. 一些临街店面在骚动中遭受破坏。
n. [贸易] 店面；店头
 - shopfront

Word: thermometer
Front: thermometer
[θəˈmɒmɪtə(r)] (研四六托雅 9651/15038 -1)
Vocabulary: thermometer
(once / 1044 pages)
n
A thermometer is a tool that measures temperature — how hot or cold something is. Thermometers are used to see if you have a fever or tell you how cold it is outside.
Made up of thermo (heat) and meter (measuring device), the meaning of the word thermometer is pretty straightforward. Thermometers measure temperatures in degrees, according to either the Celsius or Fahrenheit system. Meteorologists use thermometers to find out how hot it is or if it's below freezing. Doctors use thermometers to check your body temperature — a very high or low body temperature means you're sick.
WORD FAMILY
thermometer: thermometers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Boil the liquid for 10 minutes, then remove from heat and set aside until a thermometer inserted in the liquid reaches 175 degrees Fahrenheit.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The National Weather Service said the thermometer dipped to 27 degrees below zero in Limon.
Time(Dec 18, 2016)
“The number and way women are killed serves as a thermometer of violence and impunity.”
The Guardian(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 温度计; 体温表
分布：温度计(100%)
→therm-,热，热量，-meter,仪器。
温度计(thermo热+meter)[meter,metr,meas,mens=measure,表示"计量,测量等"]
温度计(therm+o+meter测量)[therm=heat,表示"热"]
n.温度计The veteran in velvet found that the diameter of the thermometer was one metre.穿天鹅绒的老兵发现温度计的直径为一米.
【记】thermo温度，meter测量
【参】thermal（adj 热的；热量的）
US [θɚ'mɑ:.mə.tˌɚ] noun countable
■a device used for measuring temperature, especially of the air or in a person's body 温度计；体温计
n. [仪] 温度计； [医] 体温计
 - temperature gauge, temperature meter

Word: tasteless
Front: tasteless
[ˈteɪstləs] (高托 17733/18938)
Back: adj. 无味的; 味道差的; 乏味的; 无判断力、鉴赏力等的
分布：无味的(66%)，无鉴赏力的(20%)，粗俗的(14%)
→来自 taste,味道，滋味，-less,无，没有。引申词义低俗的。
adjective
LIKELY TO UPSET 令人不快
■likely to upset someone 格调不高的，不得体的
• tasteless jokes 不雅的笑话
['teɪst.ləs] adjective
NO FLAVOUR 无味道的
■having no flavour 无味道的
• The meat was dry and tasteless. 这块肉干巴巴的，毫无味道。
['teɪst.ləs] adjective
NOT STYLISH 不新潮的
■not stylish 不时髦的；不新潮的
• the tasteless decor in the house 房子中没有品味的装修
adj. [食品] 无味的；无鉴赏力的
 - milk-and-water, flavourless

Word: thorium
Front: thorium
[ˈθɔ:riəm] (35022/49033)
Back: n. 钍
分布：原子序90）(100%)
→来自 Thor,雷神索尔，-ium,元素后缀。由其发现者 19 世纪瑞典化学家 Jons Jakob Berzelius 以北欧神话中的英雄人物雷神索尔命名。

Word: tegucigalpa

Word: tulsa

Word: testicle
Front: testicle
[ˈtestɪkl] (15754/20606 -1)
Back: n. [解]睾丸; 精巢
分布：睾丸(100%)
→来自 testis,睾丸，-icle,小词后缀。
(specialized testis)
noun countable
■either of the two round male sex organs which produce sperm and are contained in the scrotum (= bag of skin) below and behind the penis 睾丸
n. [解剖] 睾丸
 - didymus, family jewels

Word: whet
Front: whet
[wet] (宝 19708/18573)
Vocabulary: whet
(once / 3073 pages)
v
To whet is to sharpen. You could whet a knife's blade with a whetting stone, or you could whet your appetite by having some Doritos.
The verb whet can mean "to stimulate or make more acute," and the word is often used in the phrase "whet [your] appetite," which can be used literally or figuratively. You could serve light appetizers to whet everyone's appetite for dinner or you could whet an actor's appetite by giving him a small role that inspires him for greater roles. You can whet other things in this sense as well — such as curiosity, fear, or pleasure.
WORD FAMILY
whet: whets, whetted, whetting
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was supposed to whet your appetite, not attempt to answer every question.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
It’s anyone’s guess, though, if she’s trying to whet or squelch appetites with that long, loving shot of a fishmonger’s pile of ruby-red whale meat.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 01, 2016)
The two-hour season premiere of “Nashville” will air Jan. 5, but CMT will whet appetites by showing the first full hour on Dec. 15.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: vt. （在石头上）磨（刀、斧等）; 引起，刺激（食欲、欲望、兴趣等）
时态：whetted, whetting, whets
分布：磨(75%)，开胃物(17%)，磨利之物(8%)
→来自古英语hwettan,磨，使锋利，来自kewd,使锋利，来自ko的扩大格，词源同cone,cuneiform.
【记】whet的时候要把whetstone弄wet。What？你要whet？？？
【反】blunt（v 弄钝）；dull（vt 使迟钝）
[wet] (-tt-)
verb
INTEREST 兴趣
whet sb's appetite
■to increase someone's interest in and wish for something, usually by giving them a small experience of it 勾起（某人）的兴趣；增加（某人）的欲望
• I've read an excerpt of the book on the Web and it's whetted my appetite. 我在网上读过这部书的节选，引起了我强烈的兴趣。
• That one kiss had whetted his appetite. 那个吻激起了他的欲望。
[wet] (-tt-)
verb
SHARPEN 使锋利
   transitive old use
■to sharpen the blade of a knife or similar tool 磨，把…磨锋利
• He whetted his knife against the stone. 他在石头上磨刀。
vt. 刺激；磨快；促进
 - stimulate, facilitate, fan, promote, boost
n. 磨；开胃物；刺激物
 - stimulus, milling

Word: undimmed
Front: undimmed
[ʌn'dɪmd] (40747/38511)
Back: adj. 不暗淡的; 不模糊的; 清楚的; 明亮的
分布：不模糊的(32%)，明亮的(26%)，清楚的(21%)，不暗淡的(21%)
adj. 不模糊的；清楚的；不暗淡的；明亮的
 - distinct, clear, liquid, bright, explicit

Word: vanishingly
Front: vanishingly
['vænɪʃɪŋlɪ] (34197/40709)
Back: adv. 消遁似地，难以察觉地
分布：趋于零地(100%)

Word: undercurrent
Front: undercurrent
[ˈʌndəkʌrənt] (16210/18624 -1)
Back: n. 潜流，暗流; 潜在的感情、影响或倾向（尤指与表面相反的）; [电]电流不足; [矿]分支洗金槽
分布：暗流(62%)，潜流(38%)
→under-, 在下面，current, 水流。
US [-dɚˌkɝ:-] noun countable
■an emotion, belief, or characteristic of a situation that is hidden and usually negative or dangerous but that has some effect （通常指负面的或危险的）潜在的情绪（或思想等）
• undercurrents of racism/anxiety/violence 潜在的种族主义／焦虑／暴力
• Beneath the smooth surface of day-to-day political life, one senses powerful and dangerous undercurrents. 在日常政治生活平静的表面下，人们感觉到了强大而危险的潜流。
n. 暗流； [海洋] 潜流
 - potential flow

Word: twister
Front: twister
[ˈtwɪstə(r)] (20510/39529)
Back: n. 难题; 旋风; 旋转的人; <体>旋转球
分布：龙卷风(45%)，绕口令(28%)，难题(11%)，缠绕者(9%)，骗子(7%)
→来自 twist,旋转，缠绕，-er,表物。比喻用法。
US [-tɚ] US informal
noun countable
■a tornado or a whirlwind
n. 缠绕者；不可靠的人；难题；旋转球；饶口令
 - difficult problem, crux

Word: acrylic
Front: acrylic
[əˈkrɪlɪk] (12775/17159 -1)
Vocabulary: acrylic
(once / 44602 pages)
n
Acrylic is a kind of plastic, fabric, fiber, or paint that's made from acrylic acid. You might knit your mom an acrylic hat if she's allergic to wool.
Anything made of acrylic is synthetic — it's not a natural substance or fiber, but was made in a lab or factory from artificial materials. Acrylic paint is a quick-drying, water-soluble kind of paint that artists often use instead of oil paint or watercolors. The original meaning of acrylic was "containing acryl," from acrolein, the sharp, bitter liquid in onions, rooted in the Latin words acer, "sharp," and olere, "to smell."
WORD FAMILY
acrylic: acrylics
USAGE EXAMPLES
At the time the fashion was for stick-on acrylic nails which would be removed weeks later, leaving quite a bit of damage.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
He mixes oil with both enamel and acrylic to evoke a delicious range of textures.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Because the yarn needs to be washed, donations should be acrylic and not wool, Mumma said.
Washington Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: n. 丙烯酸塑料; <画>丙烯画; 丙烯酸树脂漆; 塑胶
adj. <化>丙烯酸的; <化>丙烯酸衍生物的
分布：丙烯酸树脂(52%)，腈纶(26%)，丙烯酸的(17%)，丙烯酸塑料(4%)，丙烯酸的纤维(1%)
→词根acer, 酸的。词根yl, 闻，嗅，同ol, 见olfactory, 嗅觉的，同odor,气味,字母d,l 对应。
adjective
■made of a substance or cloth produced by chemical processes from a type of acid 丙烯酸的，压克力制成的
• an acrylic scarf/sweater 丙烯酸（压克力）围巾／毛衣
• acrylic paint 丙烯酸（压克力）颜料
[ə'krɪl.ɪk] noun
uncountable
■a type of cloth or plastic produced by chemical processes 丙烯酸（压克力）纤维织物；丙烯酸（压克力）塑胶
countable usually plural
■a type of paint 丙烯酸（压克力）颜料

Word: ahoy
Front: ahoy
[əˈhɔɪ] (-/39629)
Back: int. 喂（招呼远处人的声音）
分布：名词(100%)
exclamation
■a shout used, especially by people in boats, to attract attention （尤指船上的人引人注意的呼喊）啊呵
• Ahoy there! 啊呵！
■used, especially on a boat, when you see something, usually something which is in the distance （尤指在船上发现远处东西时的呼喊）喂，啊呵
• Land ahoy! 啊呵！陆地！
• Ship ahoy! 啊呵！有条船！
int. 喂！；啊嘿！（呼叫船只或人的声音）
 - hey, here

Word: yogi
Front: yogi
[ˈjəʊgi] (27832/49708)
Back: n. 瑜珈修行者; 信奉瑜珈者; 沉思默想者; 神秘莫测的人
分布：瑜珈修行者(52%)，信奉瑜珈者(16%)，神秘莫测的人(16%)，沉思默想者(16%)
→来自yoga,瑜珈。
US ['joʊ-] noun countable
■a person who has spent a lot of their life doing yoga and studying its philosophy 瑜伽修行者

Word: admissible
Front: admissible
[ədˈmɪsəbl] (21026/16289)
Vocabulary: admissible
(once / 3175 pages)
adj
Something that's admissible is allowed or relevant. Admissible evidence in court is evidence that a judge permits to be brought forward.
Evidence that's admissible is valid — it has some measure of reliability, and it makes sense in the context of a particular trial. You'll almost always find the adjective admissible describing such evidence, though the word had been around for about 200 years before it gained this legal meaning. Its Latin root is admittere, "to allow to enter, let in, or give access."
WORD FAMILY
admissible: admissibility, admissibly, inadmissible +/ inadmissible: inadmissibility
USAGE EXAMPLES
The court ruled evidence found searching Davidson’s house was admissible, despite police unintentionally neglecting to sign the search warrant affidavit.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
The Hennepin County Attorney’s office said there was insufficient admissible evidence to bring a case.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 16, 2016)
Local prosecutors said in October that they declined to bring charges because of "insufficient, admissible evidence."
Reuters(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 可容许的; <律>（证据）可接受的; 有资格加入的; （意见、计划等）可采纳的
分布：可容许的(80%)，可准予就任某职位的(20%)
【记】来自admit（v 容许，承认，接纳）
formal
adjective
■considered satisfactory and acceptable in a law court （法庭）容许提出的，可采纳的，可接受的
• The judge ruled that new evidence was admissible. 法官裁定，可以采纳新的证据。
Opposite inadmissible
adj. 可容许的；可采纳的；可接受的
 - accepted, receivable

Word: americana

Word: albion

Word: allegory
Front: allegory
[ˈæləgəri] (托宝 13663/16676)
Vocabulary: allegory
(once / 1052 pages)
n
The figurative style known as allegory has nothing do with alligators — unless you're telling a story where alligators represent evil forces snapping at humanity.
An allegory is like a metaphor on steroids: a writer tells a fictional story where everything and everyone in it is supposed to represent a deeper meaning. Using a plain old metaphor, you might call death "the grim reaper," but an allegory might build a whole tale of how the grim reaper goes around in a black cloak and informs people of their impending doom. Aesop's Fables are allegories, with animals taking the place of different human character types — though Aesop never wrote an allegory about an alligator.
WORD FAMILY
allegory: allegoric, allegorical, allegories, allegorise, allegorize+/ allegorical: allegorically/allegorise: allegorised, allegoriser, allegorises, allegorising/allegorize: allegorized, allegorizer, allegorizes, allegorizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The whole notion that he’s part of some allegory would be way too highfalutin for him, I think.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
“I promise you it is not a fable or an allegory or a parable of any kind,” he told the Pittsburgh Press upon its release.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
It was a timeless allegory of freedom, ethics and human nature.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 寓言
分布：寓言(74%)，讽喻(21%)，寓意(5%)
→词根alle, 同al, 异，其它，见else. -egor, 同agora, 广场。原指在公共演讲时的一种讽喻性修辞手法，引申词义寓言，讽喻。
【记】all leg ory：全是腿－理解寓言：一种短小的故事，用来表示启发的观点，利用说话或有人的行为的动物为角色，所以寓言中的主人公没有手，只有脚－全是腿。
【区】allege（vt 宣称，断言）。用词性区分。allegiance（n 忠贞，效忠）。以ce（读：死）结尾，誓死效忠。allegory 以ory＝story结尾－寓言。
US [-gɔ:r.i] noun countable or uncountable
■a story, play, poem, picture or other work in which the characters and events represent particular qualities or ideas, related to morals, religion or politics 寓言；讽喻
• The play can be read as allegory. 这个剧本可以作为一个寓言来读。
• Saint Augustine's 'City of God' is an allegory of the triumph of Good over Evil. 《上帝之城》是一部正义战胜邪恶的讽喻作品。
n. 寓言
 - parable, apologue

Word: bolivar

Word: bewilderment
Front: bewilderment
[bɪˈwɪldəmənt] (16656/14698 -1)
Vocabulary: bewilderment
(once / 1246 pages)
n
If you spoke nothing but German one day to your English-speaking friends and co-workers, it would probably result in complete bewilderment. Bewilderment is a state of being confused and puzzled.
Bewilderment means not understanding, but it goes beyond that — it implies a state of complete mystification. People experience bewilderment when they are utterly baffled by the situation at hand. The word is a relatively new one, first recorded in the 1680s as a combination of be, "thoroughly," and wilder, "lead astray or lure into the wilds." You can think of bewilderment as being led into the wilderness and left to puzzle your way out.
WORD FAMILY
bewilderment: bewilderments+/ bewilder: bewildered, bewildering, bewilderment, bewilders/ bewildered: bewilderedly/bewildering: bewilderingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
While his stance is one of self-deprecating bewilderment, he is also often genuinely bewildered.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
And in this context, 2016 was not one of those “meandering points of bewilderment” that King described but the continuation of a troubling trend.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
My combo of bewilderment, desperation, and spunk reapportioned.
Salon(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 迷惘，困惑，迷乱
分布：困惑(87%)，迷乱(13%)
US [-dɚ-] noun uncountable
■confusion
• a state of bewilderment 混乱状态
• As he walked through the door, she stared at him in utter bewilderment. 他走过房门时，她极其困惑地盯着他。
n. 困惑；迷乱；慌张
 - confusion, bemusement

Word: cirque
Front: cirque
[sɜ:k] (29273/46188)
Back: n. 天然圆形剧场，圆环，盆地谷
分布：圆形山谷(100%)
→来自sker,转，围，圈，词源同ring,circle.指盆形的谷地。
n. 圆环；天然圆形剧场；盆地谷
 - circular ring, traffic circle

Word: brevity
Front: brevity
[ˈbrevəti] (20046/18458)
Vocabulary: brevity
(once / 2463 pages)
n
The noun brevity means shortness or conciseness. If you give a report on agriculture in the northern hemisphere in 3 minutes, you have done it with incredible brevity.
Brevity comes from brevis, which means "brief" in Latin. You can use brevity for things that are literally short, like the brevity of an elevator meeting, or the quality of fleetingness, like the brevity of youth. Brevity is also a style of speaking or writing with economy. "Brevity is the soul of wit," remarks Polonius in Shakespeare's "Hamlet," suggesting that witty people know how to make a point without unnecessary words.
WORD FAMILY
brevity: brevities
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was unclear what prompted the comment on a medium that favours brevity over context.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
Here’s our interview with Schulz about the movement to overhaul the student conduct process, edited for brevity and clarity.
Seattle Times(Dec 16, 2016)
They are excerpted for brevity and to delete legal squabbling and repetition.
Washington Times(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: n. 短暂; 简洁
分布：简洁(57%)，简短(24%)，短暂(19%)
→来自词根brev, 短，同brief.
短暂;简洁(brev+ity状态→短的状态→短暂,简短)[brev,bridg=short,表示"短,缩短"]
【记】brev短，缩短，ity表状态－短的状态－`短暂，简短
【反】prolixity（n 罗嗦）；lengthiness（n 冗长）
US [-ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
■using only a few words or lasting only a short time 简短，简洁；短暂
• His essays are models of clarity and brevity. 他的散文简洁、清晰，堪称典范。
• Brevity is, in almost everything, a virtue. 几乎在任何情况下，简洁都是一种美德。
n. 简洁，简短；短暂，短促
 - compactness, sententiousness

Word: chandelier
Front: chandelier
[ˌʃændəˈlɪə(r)] (宝 10092/15645 -1)
Vocabulary: chandelier
(once / 2667 pages)
n
A chandelier is a fancy light fixture that is often ornate and hanging suspended in the middle of a formal space. Walk into a grand ballroom and see a light fixture adorned with sparkling crystals? That's a chandelier.
The word chandelier comes from the French candere meaning "be white, glisten." Look up at a chandelier and you'll see it glistening and casting white reflections on the walls. The French origin of the word might call up images of palaces like Versailles in France, where chandeliers hang in nearly every room.
WORD FAMILY
chandelier: chandeliers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Is there anything better than the Met’s Viennese chandeliers gliding to the ceiling as the lights dim?
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The airy space is outfitted with comfortable velvet sofas and a large crystal chandelier.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Windows and crosses were broken, but the crystal chandelier was unharmed, reflecting the glow of the altar as they prayed in Assyrian and Arabic.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 枝形吊灯
分布：名词(100%)
→词源同candle, 蜡烛。
枝形吊灯,烛台(chandel[=eandle蜡烛]+ier)[-ier表名词"人或物"]
【记】chandel＝candle（n 蜡烛）－烛台
【参】chandler（n 杂货零售商，蜡烛制造者）
US [-'lɪr] noun countable
■a decorative light which hangs from the ceiling and has several parts like branches for holding bulbs or, especially in the past, candles 枝形吊灯；（尤指旧时用的）枝形烛台

Word: cassandra
Front: cassandra
[kə'sændrə] (-/34847)
Back: n. <希神>卡珊德拉，凶事预言家，不为人所信的预言家
分布：不为人所信的预言家(50%)，凶事预言家(50%)

Word: capacitor
Front: capacitor
[kəˈpæsɪtə(r)] (六 24678/13486)
Back: n. 电容器，电容
分布：电容器(100%)
US [-tˌɚ] specialized
noun countable
■a device which collects and stores electricity, and is an important part of electronic equipment such as televisions and radios 电容器
n. [电] 电容器
 - condensing apparatus, capacitance of condenser

Word: charlatan
Front: charlatan
[ˈʃɑ:lətən] (宝 21841/21347)
Vocabulary: charlatan
(once / 4378 pages)
n
A charlatan is a quack, a person who is trying to deceive you with false claims. Beware of charlatans who try to sell you access to the fountain of youth or to a Ponzi scheme disguised as an exclusive investment fund.
A charlatan is one who pretends to possess knowledge he or she lacks. From the 16th century Italian ciarlatano "a quack," the usage of charlatan has not shifted much. Other words for charlatan are impostor, cheat, or pretender. Charlatans are marked by the elaborate schemes they cook up. Russian playwright Anton Chekhov said, "No psychologist should pretend to understand what he does not understand...Only fools and charlatans know everything and understand nothing."
WORD FAMILY
charlatan: charlatanism, charlatans+/charlatanism: charlatanisms
USAGE EXAMPLES
Even as evangelical “influencers” derided him as an immoral charlatan, Trump just kept showing up.
Slate(Dec 15, 2016)
The lineup includes a conjurer, a charlatan, a couple of clairvoyants and the Grand Carlini.
New York Times(Nov 24, 2016)
How do I show her love and support without contributing financially to this charlatan?
Slate(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: n. 冒充内行者，骗子
分布：骗子(90%)，冒充内行者(10%)
→拟声词，模仿鸭叫声。比较quack, 江湖郎中。
【源】原指：大吹大擂推销商品的人。char＝chatter（v 喋喋不休）
【记】读：杀了他。这种人杀了是轻的，应该用油锅炸。
US ['ʃɑ:r.lə.tˌən] disapproving
noun countable
■a person who pretends to have skills or knowledge that they do not have, especially in medicine 冒充内行的人；骗子；（尤指）江湖医生
n. 吹牛者； [医] 江湖医生
 - fanfaron, saltimbanco
adj. 骗人的
 - fallacious, deceptious

Word: conditionality
Front: conditionality
[kənˌdɪʃə'nælətɪ] (28837/-)
Back: n. 受限制性，制约性
分布：制约性(54%)，受限制性(46%)

Word: demotion
Front: demotion
[ˌdi:'məʊʃn] (24462/22492)
Vocabulary: demotion
(once / 32382 pages)
n
A demotion is when your rank or position is lowered by a superior. In the military, disobeying orders could result in a demotion.
In the military — as well as other careers — people usually move up the ladder with time, rising through the ranks. When your superiors bring you up to a higher level, that's called a promotion, like an assistant manager becoming a manager. However, if you're a manager and you get bumped back to assistant manager, that's a demotion. Demotions occur when someone has broken the rules or has done a poor job. Demotions usually come with a reduction in pay too.
WORD FAMILY
demotion: demotions+/ demote: demoted, demotes, demoting, demotion
USAGE EXAMPLES
Six of their superiors—including a deputy district chief—were disciplined through demotion, administrative censure or removal from their leadership posts, Beijing police said.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
The organization called it a restructuring, but it was largely reported as a demotion for Marathe.
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
School officials said the teacher had no previous suspensions, demotions or other actions against her.
Washington Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 降级
分布：降级(69%)，降职(23%)，降等(8%)
n. 降级；降职；降等
 - degradation, de-escalation

Word: clink
Front: clink
[klɪŋk] (17639/25577)
Back: vt. & vi. （使）发出叮当声
n. 叮当声; 劈楔；牢房
时态：clinked, clinking, clinks
分布：叮当声(100%)
→拟声词。俚语监狱，模仿镣铐发出的声音。
verb intransitive or transitive
■to (cause something to) make a short ringing sound like pieces of glass or metal knocking lightly together （使）发出叮当声，（使）叮当作响
• The ice clinked as she dropped it into the glass. 她把冰块丢入玻璃杯，冰块叮当作响。
• We all clinked our glasses together and drank to a happy new year. 我们大家一起碰杯，祝贺新年快乐。
[klɪŋk] noun
SOUND 声音
only singular
■a short ringing sound like pieces of glass or metal knocking lightly together （使）发出叮当声，（使）叮当作响
• I could hear the clink of coins in his pocket. 我听到他口袋里的硬币叮当作响。
[klɪŋk] noun
PRISON 监狱
[S or U] informal
■prison 监狱，牢房
• Everyone always said Joe would end up in (the) clink. 大家都说乔总有一天要坐牢。
n. 叮当声； [建] 劈楔；牢房
 - clonk, cage
vi. 发叮当声
 - clank

Word: craggy
Front: craggy
[krægi] (16748/19070)
Back: adj. 陡峭的，崎岖的，多岩石的; 嶙峋
级别：craggier, craggiest
分布：多峭壁的(64%)，棱角分明的(36%)
adjective
■having many crags 多峭壁的；多岩石的；陡峭的；崎岖的
• a craggy coastline 崎岖的海岸线
■describes a man's face that is quite roughly formed and has loose skin but is also attractive （男子的脸）粗犷的
• a craggy face 粗犷的脸
• craggy features 粗犷有型的相貌
adj. 崎岖的；多峭壁的
 - rugged

Word: disrespectful
Front: disrespectful
[ˌdɪsrɪ'spektfl] (托 16085/23267)
Vocabulary: disrespectful
(once / 3208 pages)
adj
Disrespectful words and actions are rude and show a lack of respect. If you want to "dis" someone, be disrespectful towards them.
You probably know that respectful things show consideration, kindness, and appreciation. Disrespectful things do the opposite. Swearing at your grandmother is disrespectful. Burping loudly in church is disrespectful. For a business to ignore a religious holiday could be considered disrespectful. This is a word with a lot of grey area: what is disrespectful to one person may be just fine to another. Disrespectful behavior can range from blatant rudeness to just not acting impressed or awed by something others hold sacred.
WORD FAMILY
disrespectful: disrespectfully+/ disrespect: disrespected, disrespecting, disrespects/ respect: disrespect, respectable, respected, respecter, respectful, respecting, respects, self-respect/respectability: respectabilities/ respectable: respectability, respectabler, respectablest, respectably, unrespectable/respecter: respecters/ respectful: disrespectful, respectfully, respectfulness, self-respectful/respecting: self-respecting/unrespectable: unrespectability
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I acknowledge that they were disrespectful and offensive,” he said, a local NBC News affiliate reported.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
"We don't see the encounters that are challenging, disrespectful and borderline illegal, threatening someone in uniform just because they are in uniform," he said.
Reuters(Dec 28, 2016)
“That other team was trippin’ tonight, just disrespectful, unprofessional, players and coaches,” Harden said.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 失礼的，无礼的; 不尊重的
分布：无礼的(61%)，不尊敬的(39%)
ADJ-GRADED
无礼的;不尊重的
If you are disrespectful, you show no respect in the way that you speak or behave to someone.
例：...accusations that he had been disrespectful to the Queen...有关他对女王不敬的指责
例：They shouldn't treat their mother in this disrespectful way.他们不能这样无礼地对待亲生母亲。
adj. 无礼的；失礼的；不尊敬的
 - rude, offensive

Word: detonator
Front: detonator
[ˈdetəneɪtə(r)] (20954/22730)
Back: n. 引爆装置，雷管，起爆管
分布：雷管(79%)，引爆装置(12%)，引爆药(9%)
US ['detˌ.ən.eɪ.tˌɚ] noun countable
■a small amount of explosive in a bomb which explodes first and causes a larger explosion, or an electrical device which is used from a distance to make a bomb explode 起爆剂；起爆器
n. [化工] 雷管；炸药；导火索
 - auget, percussion cap

Word: depressive
Front: depressive
[dɪˈpresɪv] (11392/16274)
Back: adj. 郁闷的
n. [精神分析学]抑郁症患者
分布：压抑的(60%)，抑郁者(15%)，沉闷的(15%)，压下的(10%)
noun countable
■a person who often suffers from depression 抑郁寡欢的人；抑郁症病人
[dɪ'pres.ɪv] adjective
■suffering from or relating to depression 抑郁寡欢的人；抑郁症病人
• a depressive personality 忧郁的性格
• a depressive disorder/illness 抑郁性精神错乱／疾病
adj. 抑郁的；压抑的
 - repressive

Word: disagreeable
Front: disagreeable
[ˌdɪsəˈgri:əbl] (托宝 19879/14167)
Back: adj. <正> 不合意的; 令人不快的; 讨厌的; （人）不友善的
分布：不愉快的(65%)，不为人喜的(19%)，厌恶的(16%)
【参】agreeable（adj 使人愉快的；惬意的）
formal
adjective
■unpleasant 令人讨厌的，使人厌恶的
• a rather disagreeable young man 相当令人讨厌的年轻人
• She said some very disagreeable things. 她说了一些非常难听的话。
adj. 不愉快的；厌恶的；不为人喜的；难相处的；脾气坏的
 - sick, vinegarish

Word: effluent
Front: effluent
[ˈefluənt] (托 14295/10727)
Vocabulary: effluent
(once / 11761 pages)
nadj
If a local company is accused of dumping effluent into the water supply, then you'd better stock up on bottled water. Effluent is sewage or other waste that’s dumped into water.
Effluent traces back to a Latin word meaning “flowing out,” and as an adjective the word can still be used in that sense. An effluent stream is one whose water is continually flowing out of the ground, from a spring or other source. But the noun form of effluent refers to waste of some kind that’s been mixed with water. If effluent is released, it can contaminate a water supply. Gross.
WORD FAMILY
effluent: effluence, effluents+/ effluence: effluences
USAGE EXAMPLES
Learning about the body’s many excretions, secretions and suppurations in medical school, I realized that each medical specialty has its own essential effluent.
Washington Post(Nov 22, 2016)
In 2015, the city committed to use treated effluent from the Dairy Farmers of America milk drying plant that is under construction in Garden City.
Washington Times(Nov 25, 2016)
The community has also built septic tanks in dozens of the small homes, ensuring effluent is not poured untreated into the river.
The Guardian(Nov 24, 2016)
Back: adj. 发出的，流出的
n. （注入河里等的）污水，工业废水; （从湖等）流出的水流
分布：废水(91%)，流出的(4%)，水流(3%)，污物(2%)
→ef-, 向外。-flu, 流，词源同flu, fluent.
流出的n.流出物(ef出+flu+ent→流出物)[flu=flow,表示"流动"]
['ef.lu.ənt] specialized
noun countable or uncountable
■liquid waste that is sent out from factories or places where sewage is dealt with, usually flowing into the sea or rivers 废水，污水
• Effluents from local factories are finding their way into the river. 当地工厂排出的废水都任其流入河中。
n. 污水； [环境] 流出物；废气
 - wastewater, drainage
adj. [环境] 流出的，发出的
 - effusive, excurrent

Word: erudition
Front: erudition
[ˌeruˈdɪʃn] (24254/23973)
Vocabulary: erudition
(once / 3266 pages)
n
If you've read shelves of thick books, people might describe you as a person of erudition. You might find erudition to be its own reward, but if you can make a career of it, even better!
The Latin root of erudition is the verb erudire which means "to teach or train." By showing erudition, you show that you've learned a lot. If you write with erudition, your readers will know that you are a serious scholar, as long as you're not too far over their heads.
WORD FAMILY
erudition: eruditions
USAGE EXAMPLES
A great deal more than the sum of national parts, these multi-layered works impress in erudition and judgment.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
I liked that he expressed admiration for others’ better qualities — their intelligence, humor, honor, dignity, generosity, grace, erudition and other attributes of the sort.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
In art today, open-ended process is taken for granted the same way highly finished erudition was in the 19th century French academy.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 04, 2016)
Back: n. 博学，学识; 博雅
分布：博学(74%)，学识(26%)
→e-, 向外。-rud, 粗糙，见rude.引申义博学。
博学(erudite+ion)[Rud=rude,表示"原始,粗野"]
【反】extremely ignorance（极度无知）；illiteracy（n 文盲）
n. 博学；学识
 - wisdom, scholarship

Word: duchy
Front: duchy
[ˈdʌtʃi] (32464/8345 -1)
Back: n. 公爵的领地; 公国; 英国王室直辖领地
分布：公国(55%)，公爵领地(45%)
→来自duke,公爵。用于指公爵领地。
noun countable
■the area of land owned or ruled by a duke or duchess 公爵领地；公爵夫人（或女公爵）领地
n. 公国；公爵领地；直辖领地
 - principality

Word: ember
Front: ember
[ˈembə(r)] (14931/16326)
Vocabulary: ember
(once / 1375 pages)
n
An ember is a little piece of wood or coal in a fire that's dying. Embers are hot and glowing. When the fire is out and the embers are glowing, it’s time to call it a night.
Embers (usually plural) are smoldering pieces of wood or coal — usually very small — that burn brightly as a fire starts to fade. When you see embers, the fire isn’t finished yet, but it’s almost done. If you’re camping and you put out a fire, don’t leave it alone until the embers go out, too. People also use embers as a metaphor for other things that are starting to fade, like the last embers of a dying friendship.
WORD FAMILY
ember: embers
USAGE EXAMPLES
If you use a fireplace, always protect it with a well-fitted screen to prevent sparks and embers from escaping.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Despite intense flames and flying embers, Maggiolo says crews were able to keep the blaze from spreading to the boats nearby.
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Even if you have an outdoor fireplace or pit, embers from those fires could cause a grass or woods fire and fines could be levied.
Washington Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 余烬，余火
分布：最后时刻(50%)，最后部分(50%)
→em, 来自ai, 燃烧，词源同ash, edifice. -b, 插入字母。-er, 来自拉丁文uro, 燃烧，词源同combust.
US [-bɚ] noun countable usually plural
■a piece of wood or coal, etc. which continues to burn after a fire has no more flames 余焰未尽的木块（或煤块）
• We sat by the glowing/dying embers of the fire. 我们坐在余焰未尽／将尽的炉火旁。
n. 灰烬，余烬
 - ash

Word: encirclement
Front: encirclement
[ɪn'sɜ:klmənt] (32114/43474)
Back: n. 环绕
分布：包围(87%)，环绕(13%)
n. 包围；环绕
 - lay siege to, circum

Word: eh
Front: eh
[eɪ] (8615/2460 -2)
Back: int. （用以表示惊讶、疑问、征求同意或要求重说一遍）嗯，啊
分布：表惊奇）(50%)，啊(请求重复(50%)
(US usually huh) informal
exclamation
■used to express surprise or confusion, to ask someone to repeat what they have said, or as a way of getting someone to give some type of reaction to a statement that you have made （表示惊奇或不解，或者请对方重复或作出反应）啊，嗯，甚么，是吗，好吗
• "Janet's leaving her husband." "Eh?" “珍妮特要和丈夫分手了。”“甚么?”
• "Did you hear what I said?" "Eh? Say it again - I wasn't listening." “你听见我说甚么了吗？”“啊，你再说一遍——我刚才没在听。”
• Going overseas again, eh? It's a nice life for some! 又要出国，啊？有些人的日子过得真不赖！
int. 啊，嗯！（表示惊奇、疑问等）
 - ah, ugh

Word: gop
Front: gop
[,dʒi: əu 'pi:] (4378/-)
Back: abbr. Grand Old Party 大老党（美国共和党的别称）
分布：名词(100%)

Word: ragbag
Front: ragbag
[ˈrægbæg] (45777/34295)
Back: n. 装破布的袋
分布：大杂烩(50%)，装破布袋(50%)
noun countable usually singular
■a confused mixture of different types of things 大杂烩；杂乱无章（的东西）
• His book is just a ragbag of unsupported opinions. 他的书只不过是杂乱无章地罗列了些没有经过论证的看法。

Word: standpoint
Front: standpoint
[ˈstændpɔɪnt] (研四六托 6206/11599 -1)
Back: n. 立场，观点
分布：立场(53%)，观点(47%)
→stand,站立，point,点。引申词义观点，立场。
n.立场,观点Standing under the outstanding rock I misunderstood his standard standpoint.站在突出的岩石下,我误解了他的标准立场.
noun countable
■a set of beliefs and ideas from which opinions and decisions are formed 观点，立场
• "I have to put aside my emotions, " he says, "and consider it from a professional standpoint." “我必须除去个人感情，”他说，“以专业的眼光去看它。”
n. 立场；观点
 - viewpoint, perspective, outlook, eye, sentiment

Word: statesmanship
Front: statesmanship
[ˈsteɪtsmənʃɪp] (26262/35401)
Back: n. 政治家的风度，政治家的才能，治国之才; 经纶
分布：政治才能(82%)，治国之才(18%)
→statesman,政治家，-ship,名词后缀。

Word: steamroller
Front: steamroller
[ˈsti:mrəʊlə(r)] (30648/36778)
Back: n. 蒸汽压路机
vt. & vi. （凭借力量或权威）打败，压服，迫使
时态：steamrollered, steamrollering, steamrollers
分布：压路(48%)，蒸气压路机(17%)，压垮(14%)，一种带有内燃机的类似机械(7%)，不可阻挡之势(7%)，以不可阻挡之势前进(7%)
US [-ˌroʊ.lɚ] noun countable
VEHICLE 车辆
■a vehicle which moves forward on a large heavy wheel in order to make a road surface flat 蒸气压路机
UK ['sti:mˌrəʊ.lər] US [-ˌroʊ.lɚ] noun countable
FORCE 力量 informal
■a person who forces other people to agree with them and prevents any opposition 专横的人，以势凌人的人
UK ['sti:mˌrəʊ.lər] US [-ˌroʊ.lɚ] verb transitive informal
■to use great force either to make someone do something or on something to make it happen or be successful （凭借强力）迫使，强迫
• He steamrollered the plan through the committee. 他迫使委员会通过这项计划。
• I hate being steamrollered into doing something I don't want to. 我讨厌别人强迫我做我不想做的事情。

Word: supercharge
Front: supercharge
[ˌsju:pə'tʃɑ:dʒ] (42429/-)
Back: vt. 对…增压
时态：supercharged, supercharging, supercharges
分布：过份给与(50%)，以增压器增强(50%)
负载过重(super+chrage收费,负担→负担过重)[super-①表示"超级,超过,过度"②表示"在…上面"]
US [-pɚ.tʃɑ:rdʒ] verb transitive
■to make an engine more powerful by forcing in more air and fuel than usual 给（引擎）增压
n. 超负荷；过荷
 - g-load

Word: supernatural
Front: supernatural
[ˌsu:pəˈnætʃrəl] (托 8600/10234 -1)
Vocabulary: supernatural
(once / 538 pages)
adjn
If you enjoy a good story about vampires, witches, werewolves, or ghosts, you like reading about the supernatural — forces, beings, and events that are beyond what can be explained by nature.
Supernatural comes from the Latin word supernaturalis, meaning beyond nature. The adjective form of supernatural describes anything that pertains to or is caused by something that can't be explained by the laws of nature. It's interesting to ask your friends what kind of supernatural power they would choose to have. Most will probably wish for the ability to fly, though some will pick the supernatural power of being invisible.
WORD FAMILY
supernatural: supernaturalism, supernaturally, supernaturalness, supernaturals+/denaturalise: denaturalised, denaturalises/denaturalize: denaturalized, denaturalizes, denaturalizing/ natural: naturalise, naturalism, naturalize, naturally, naturalness, naturals, nonnatural, supernatural, unnatural /naturalisation: naturalisations/naturalise: denaturalise, naturalisation, naturalised, naturalises, naturalising/naturalised: unnaturalised/ naturalism: naturalist, naturalistic / naturalist: naturalists/ naturalistic: naturalistically/ naturalization: naturalizations/ naturalize: denaturalize, naturalization, naturalized, naturalizes, naturalizing/naturalized: unnaturalized/naturalness: naturalnesses/ nature: ill-natured, natural, natures, naturism/naturism: naturist, naturistic/naturist: naturists/supernaturalism: supernaturalisms, supernaturalist, supernaturalistic/ unnatural: unnaturally, unnaturalness/unnaturalness: unnaturalnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
The end is near: The supernatural drama “Grimm” airs the first of its final 13 episodes.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
There are plenty of films with friendly fathers, or clerics killed off as a device to kickstart a supernatural horror schlocker.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Supernatural Rick Springfield guest stars a rock star possessed by Lucifer in this repeat.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 超自然的; 神的，与神有关的; 神奇的，运用神力的
n. 超自然的事物，超自然现象; [美剧]邪恶力量
分布：超自然的(85%)，神奇的(15%)
→super-,超过，nature,自然。
超自然的(super+natural自然的)[super-①表示"超级,超过,过度"②表示"在…上面"]
US [-pɚ'nætʃ.ɚ-] adjective
■caused by forces that cannot be explained by science 超自然的，无法用科学解释的
• Ghosts and evil spirits are supernatural. 幽灵和魔鬼都是超自然的。
• She is said to have supernatural powers and to be able to communicate with the dead. 据说她有超自然的力量，能和死者沟通。
the supernatural
■things that cannot be explained by science 超自然的事物
• I don't believe in the supernatural. 我不相信有超自然的东西。
adj. 超自然的；神奇的，不可思议的
 - magic, mysterious
n. 超自然现象；不可思议的事
 - supranatural

Word: suffuse
Front: suffuse
[səˈfju:z] (托宝 17080/19330)
Vocabulary: suffuse
(once / 2255 pages)
v
The verb suffuse means to spread and fill a space, like the way the smell of wildflowers might suffuse a meadow.
Suffuse is a synonym for steep. Like tea whose flavor grows stronger the more it steeps, when you suffuse something it spreads throughout until an area is full, or even overly full. Another synonym, infuse, looks a lot like suffuse. Both words come from the Latin word fundere, which means "to pour."
WORD FAMILY
suffuse: suffused, suffuses, suffusing, suffusion, suffusive+/ suffusion: suffusions
USAGE EXAMPLES
The air is suddenly suffused with balsam, the smell of melancholy.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Suffused with wry humor, vulnerability and radiant warmth, Huppert’s performance captures that delicate period in life during which resignation morphs into graceful, even grateful, acceptance.
Washington Post(Dec 08, 2016)
World War II shaped and suffused their lives as surely and as thoroughly as the conflict shaped and suffused the nation’s.
Time(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: vt. （指颜色、水气等）弥漫于，布满
时态：suffused, suffusing, suffuses
分布：充满(67%)，弥漫(25%)，遍布 ...(8%)
→suf-,在下，-fus,倾泻，流入，词源同 fusion,confuse.引申词义弥漫，充满。
弥漫,染遍(suf+fuse流→流下去→流遍,染遍)[suc-,suf-,sup-,sur-等在同辅音词根前表示"在…下面"]
充满;染遍(suf在下面,到处+fuse→到处流→充满)[fus=pour,表示"流,泻"]
【记】suf下面，fuse流－在下面流的满地都是－弥漫
【参】effusive（adj 感情奔放的）
[sə'fju:z] literary
verb transitive often passive
■to spread through or over something completely 弥漫于；布满；充满
• His voice was low and suffused with passion. 他的嗓音低沉，饱含热情。
vt. 充满；弥漫
 - abound with, be imbued with

Word: puddle
Front: puddle
[ˈpʌdl] (托宝 9010/12181 -1)
Vocabulary: puddle
(once / 2269 pages)
1nv 2vn 3v 4v 5v
A puddle is a small pool, such as one that forms on a sidewalk after a rain shower. A little boy with new rain boots might decide to jump in every puddle he sees on his way to school.
It's charming to see a puddle on a brick walkway or to watch a duck wash itself in a puddle. It's less charming to find a puddle in your basement after three days of rain. You can use puddle as a verb, too, to say, "I'm watching your cereal milk puddle in the middle of the table and wondering when you're planning to clean it up." Puddle comes from the Old English pudd, "ditch or furrow."
WORD FAMILY
puddle: puddled, puddler, puddles, puddling+/puddler: puddlers
USAGE EXAMPLES
After all, they're just playing a private jet puddle jump away in a different part of the Bahamas.
Golf Digest(Nov 30, 2016)
There is no water flow, nothing to show that this small puddle will eventually be defined by a course, miles away, as an abundant river.
BBC(Nov 27, 2016)
After the human dinner tables rose and toweled off, a “cuddle puddle” formed in the center of the space.
New York Times(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: n. 水坑; 胶土
vt. 使泥泞; 把…做成胶土; 搅炼
vi. 搅泥浆
时态：puddled, puddling, puddles
分布：水坑(73%)，在泥污中打滚(6%)，胶泥(6%)，地上积水(6%)，搅浊(6%)，排尿(3%)
→来自古英语pudd,小坑，来自Proto-Germanic*puddo,小坑，词源同poodle.-le,小词后缀。
【区】peddle（v 沿街叫卖）；pebble（n 卵石）
noun countable
■a small pool of liquid on the ground, especially from rain 水坑；（尤指）雨水坑
n. 水坑，泥潭； [建] 胶土（由粘土与水和成，不透水）
 - sump
vt. 使泥泞，搅浑；把…捣制成胶土；搅炼；用胶土填塞
 - rile

Word: prophetic
Front: prophetic
[prəˈfetɪk] (宝 12034/14640 -1)
Vocabulary: prophetic
(once / 985 pages)
adj
If you make a prediction and it comes true, your words were prophetic. Like the time you warned your dad against eating a whole box of donuts. He got sick, right? That was a prophetic warning.
The adjective prophetic traces all the way back to the Greek word prophētikos, meaning "predicting." You know who's really good at predicting stuff? Prophets. Usually, prophetic is used to describe a thing — like a warning, a feeling, or a complaint — rather than a person.
WORD FAMILY
prophetic: prophetically, unprophetic+/ prophecy: prophecies, prophetical/ prophet: prophecy, prophetic /unprophetic: unprophetically
USAGE EXAMPLES
But in later prophetic books the divine voice grows quieter.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Michael Gibson, archivist at the Center for Dubuque History at Loras, says the prayer was “prophetic.”
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
On this day full of light, the prophetic proclamation resounds:
Time(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 预言的，先知的; 先兆的
分布：先知的(44%)，预言的(40%)，预示的(16%)
→来自prophet,预言家。
US [-'fetˌ-] adjective
■saying correctly what will happen in the future 预言的，预示的
• Much of Orwell's writing now seems grimly prophetic. 欧威尔的许多文学作品现在看来似乎是冷酷的预言。
adj. 预言的，预示的；先知的
 - vatic, fatidical

Word: affectionate
Front: affectionate
[əˈfekʃənət] (托 12111/11434 -1)
Vocabulary: affectionate
(once / 256 pages)
adj
Being affectionate is being warm, tender, and loving. A hug is an affectionate gesture.
Affectionate words and actions show love, liking, or compassion. Kissing on the check, holding hands, and hugging are all affectionate. This word usually doesn't apply to sexual situations: being affectionate is a lot more innocent than that. Parents and children, teachers and students, brothers and sisters — they can all be affectionate to each other. It's hard to fake being affectionate, so we tend to be affectionate to people we genuinely like.
WORD FAMILY
affectionate: affectionately, affectionateness, affectionatest, unaffectionate+/unaffectionate: unaffectionately
USAGE EXAMPLES
There are still potential pitfalls, however, not least that Congress does not share an affectionate view of Mr. Putin.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
She posted many selfies and snapshots with her toddlers, accompanied by affectionate messages.
BBC(Dec 08, 2016)
"Be filial to your parents, affectionate to your brothers and sisters," they chant.
Reuters(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: adj. 深情的，挚爱的; 慈爱的; 有感情的; 亲热
分布：充满感情的(80%)，示爱的(20%)
充满感情的(affection感情+ate)[fac,fact,fect,fic,fig=make,do,表示"做,制作"]
adjective
■showing feelings of liking or love 表示爱的；充满深情的；有感情的
• an affectionate kiss 深情的一吻
• He's an affectionate little boy. 他是个很有爱心的小男孩。

Word: demarcate
Front: demarcate
[ˈdi:mɑ:keɪt] (宝 21349/23977)
Vocabulary: demarcate
(once / 4211 pages)
v
To demarcate is to set or draw a boundary, like that of a country. It can also mean to separate clearly in other ways.
When you demarcate, you’re creating a boundary. Election officials who create or change boundaries between districts are demarcating. Demarcating usually starts with making lines on a map, but those lines have power in the world, as they change the size of a district, state, country, or other place. The word can be used more broadly for creating other types of separation. At work, a boss could demarcate which employees are responsible for which work, which is another kind of separation.
WORD FAMILY
demarcate: demarcated, demarcates, demarcating, demarcation +/ demarcation: demarcations
USAGE EXAMPLES
The jaunts into the past are clearly demarcated from the present.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Epochs demarcate time on the order of a few million years.
Nature(Dec 13, 2016)
When he arrived, the vineyard was demarcated into 80 blocks.
Washington Post(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: vt. 定…的界线，区分
时态：demarcated, demarcating, demarcates
分布：划分(78%)，划界(22%)
→de-, 向下，强调。mark, 标记，边界。即画下边界。
划界,划分界线(de加强+marc[=mark]+ate→加强标志→划界线)[mark=sign,表示"记号,符号"]
【记】de加强语义，marc＝mark标记一做标记一划界
【参】demarcation（n 划定界限）
US [ˌdi:'mɑ:r-/ (US also demark)
verb transitive
■to show the limits of something 标出…的界限；给…划界；界定
• Parking spaces are demarcated by white lines. 停车位用白线标了出来。
• Responsibilities within the department are clearly demarcated. 部门内部的各项职责都有明确的界定。
vt. 划分界线；区别
 - to make a distinction, tell from

Word: commemorative
Front: commemorative
[kəˈmemərətɪv] (15718/15034 -1)
Vocabulary: commemorative
(once / 8534 pages)
adjn
Anything that acts as a memorial to something or someone is commemorative — whether it's an action like a charity walk or an object like a war memorial.
Certain commemorative objects are known simply as commemoratives. Think, for example, of the Elvis Presley commemorative stamps your Dad keeps in his sock drawer (he was young once), or the commemorative coins minted for such events as the inauguration of a new President or the moon landing. See late night TV in particular for "special commemorative offers."
WORD FAMILY
commemorative: commemoratively, commemoratives+/ commemorate: commemorated, commemorates, commemorating, commemoration, commemorative / commemoration: commemorations
USAGE EXAMPLES
A spokesman for Trump’s inaugural committee tweeted Thursday that Metro is working on a commemorative sleeve that will include Trump’s image.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
The U.S. post office issued a commemorative stamp.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
Even the officers left with something: a commemorative coin and gift cards to Sugar Shack doughnuts.
Washington Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: adj. 纪念的，纪念性的
n. 纪念品
分布：纪念的(100%)
ADJ
用于纪念的
A commemorative object or event is intended to make people remember a particular event or person.
例：The Queen unveiled a commemorative plaque.女王为纪念牌匾揭幕。
adj. 纪念的
 - memorial, recordative

Word: cove
Front: cove
[kəʊv] (托 12127/12298 -1)
Vocabulary: cove
(once / 784 pages)
n
A cove is a small, sheltered part of an ocean's coast. A cove can be a good place to put a sea kayak in the water and start paddling along the shore.
A cove is basically the same thing as a "bay," but smaller. Coves are protected coastal areas affected by tides and connected to the open sea by a narrow entrance. The water in a cove is calmer than the open ocean, and the cove itself is often oval or circular in shape. The earliest meaning of cove was "den or cave," and later "small bay," probably influenced by a Scottish meaning of the word, "hollow place in coastal rocks."
WORD FAMILY
cove: coves
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sunday on the beach at Warwick City Park and jump into a cove off of Greenwich Bay.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Early Friday morning, the White House officials continued to insist that the Glen Cove mansion was the one being closed.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
In retaliation, the Glen Cove City Council withdrew Russian access to free beach parking and discounted tennis permits.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 小海湾，河湾; 山谷，山凹; 小峡谷; [建筑]穹窿，拱顶
v. 使内凹; 使成拱形; 使成穹形，作成穹顶
vi. 内凹; 成拱形
分布：小海湾(80%)，山凹(20%)
→来自古英语cofa, 小室，兽穴，后在苏格兰方言指小海湾。最终词源不详，可能同chamber.
US [koʊv] noun countable
COAST 海岸
■a curved part of a coast which partly surrounds an area of water; a small bay 小海湾，小湾
UK [kəʊv] US [koʊv] noun countable
MAN 人 UK old-fashioned
■a man 人，家伙
• He's an odd-looking cove. 他是个长相古怪的家伙。
n. [地理] 小湾；山凹；小峡谷
 - creek
vi. 内凹；成拱形
 - overarch

Word: conductivity
Front: conductivity
[ˌkɒndʌk'tɪvətɪ] (托 22680/26501)
Back: n. 传导性，传导率，电导率
分布：传导率(100%)
传导性(conduct导电等)[-ivity表名词,由-ive+ity组成,"有…能力或特性"]
n. [物] [生理] 导电性； [声] 传导性
 - electroconductibility

Word: copt

Word: curate
Front: curate
[ˈkjʊərət] (21076/12131 -1)
Vocabulary: curate
(once / 794 pages)
n
A curate is a person who conducts worship for a parish. If you’ve ever heard a minister lead a church service, then you’ve witnessed a curate at work.
Although the word curate originally could mean anyone who was taking care of church property in some way, nowadays it generally refers to those people with religious training in the church. Curate comes from the word cure; a curate is supposed to cure that most important part of you — your soul. Just as a curate cares for the parish, to curate can also mean to care for or manage an exhibit — such as one in an art museum.
WORD FAMILY
curate: curacy, curates+/curacy: curacies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Forbes curates the annual list by adding up global ticket sales using data from analysis site Box Office Mojo.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
Did that inform your decision to curate a collection of jagged, surreal, and often experimental art on it?
Slate(Dec 23, 2016)
"We curate talent to lead our play shops in the same way as I work with an artist or musician."
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 〈英〉副牧师，教区牧师; 〈谑〉拨火棍
vt. 当（博物馆、美术馆、图书馆）馆长
分布：副牧师(49%)，助理牧师(35%)，担任牧师(11%)，瑕瑜互见之物(5%)
→来自cure,照看，治疗。即照看灵魂之人。
US ['kjʊr.ət] noun countable
■a priest of the lowest rank, especially in the Church of England, whose job is to help the vicar (= priest of a particular church area) （尤指英国国教会的）助理牧师
UK ['kjʊə.rət] US ['kjʊr.ət] noun countable
curate's egg UK
■something that is partly good but mainly bad 质量低劣但亦有可取之处的事物
• The film is a bit of a curate's egg. 这部电影不怎么样，但还有可取之处。
n. 助理牧师；副牧师
 - lector

Word: deign
Front: deign
[deɪn] (托宝 23426/24312)
Vocabulary: deign
(once / 1299 pages)
v
Deign means to reluctantly agree to do something you consider beneath you. When threatened with the loss of her fortune, an heiress might deign to get a job, but she might look down her nose at the people she'd have to work with.
Deign has the same origins as dignity. Both descend from the Latin word, dignare, meaning "to deem worthy." If you deign to do something, you don't feel it's worthy of your lofty stature, but you do it anyway — it's like you're doing someone a really big favor. Instead of admitting his wrongdoing, the politician who is accused of taking bribes might indignantly declare, "I won't deign to dignify your ridiculous accusations with a response!"
WORD FAMILY
deign: deigned, deigning, deigns
USAGE EXAMPLES
On the flip side we have teams such as the Bengals, Bears, Texans, Jets, Patriots and Giants, who haven’t deigned to even try a two-pointer.
Washington Times(Nov 21, 2016)
Pick any well-known award, and there’s a good chance its chosen winners haven’t all deigned to make themselves available for the ceremony.
Washington Post(Oct 23, 2016)
Granted, few Hollywood films would deign to tell the story of a protagonist’s life through a series of flashbacks brought on by unsuccessful suicide attempts.
New York Times(Sep 29, 2016)
Back: vi. 屈尊，俯就
时态：deigned, deigning, deigns
分布：赐予(84%)，施惠于人(16%)
→词源同dignity, 尊贵。引申词义屈尊。
【记】de向下，ign读：一个n－向下成一个n的形状－鞠躬－屈尊记住：屈尊表示对别人的一种藐视。
【参】condescend（vi 屈尊俯就）
[deɪn] disapproving
verb
deign to do sth
■to do something unwillingly and in a way that shows that you think you are too important to do it 屈尊去做，放下架子去做
• If she deigns to reply to my letter, I'll be extremely surprised. 如果她能放下架子回信给我，那我肯定会感到非常诧异。
vi. 屈尊
 - condescend
vt. 赐予
 - favor

Word: sulphide
Front: sulphide
[ˈsʌlfaɪd] (-/17527)
Back: n. 硫化物
分布：硫化物(100%)
(mainly US sulfide) ['sʌl.faɪd] noun countable or uncountable
■a chemical formed from sulphur and another element 硫化物
n. 硫化物
 - sulfide

Word: splice
Front: splice
[splaɪs] (宝 19204/22354)
Vocabulary: splice
(once / 4314 pages)
vn
As noun and verb, splice refers to the overlapping or interweaving of two ends of something to create the strongest possible attachment.
The earliest records of the word splice are from the early 16th century, when it was borrowed from the Middle Dutch verb splissen, used by sailors for joining ropes end to end by interweaving their strands. In 1912, the infant motion-picture industry took over the word splice to refer to the cutting and joining of film in the editing process. In 1975, scientists found they could alter genes by cutting and adding chunks of DNA, creating the science of gene splicing.
WORD FAMILY
splice: spliced, splicer, splices, splicing+/splicer: splicers/splicing: splicings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Since it was incapable of electronic editing, it required laboriously cutting and splicing the tape.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Her art splices mental associations with an acute sense of materiality, scale and tactility.
The Guardian(Dec 05, 2016)
As a result of alternative mRNA splicing, tau occurs in six isoforms — all of which are found in the tau filaments of AD.
Nature(Nov 08, 2016)
Back: vt. 绞接; 捻接（两段绳子）; 胶接; 粘接（胶片、磁带等）
n. 胶接处，粘接处，铰接处
时态：spliced, splicing, splices
分布：拼接(60%)，接合(33%)，衔接(7%)
→原为航海俚语词，来自中古荷兰语 splissen,绞接，捻接，来自 Proto-Germanic*spli,分开，来 自 splei,分开，来自 spel,分开，劈开，词源同 spill,split.词义演变比较 two,twain.
衔接(spl分裂+ice→由分裂推成衔接;参考:split分裂)[-ice表名词"行为,状态"]
【区】split（v 使分裂）正好反义
verb transitive
■to join two pieces of rope, film, etc. together at their ends in order to form one long piece 捻接，绞接（绳子）；黏接（胶片等）；拼接
• Scientists have discovered how to splice pieces of DNA. 科学家们发现了拼接 DNA 片断的方法。
[splaɪs] verb transitive
get spliced old-fashioned informal
■to get married 结婚
[splaɪs] noun countable
■a join between two pieces of something so that they form one long piece 拼接处；黏接处；绞接处
vt. [木] 拼接；接合；使结婚
 - cement, piece, joint
n. 接合；结婚
 - marriage, wedding, junction

Word: thud
Front: thud
[θʌd] (12740/16131 -1)
Vocabulary: thud
(once / 1498 pages)
nv
To thud is to make the loud sound of something heavy hitting or falling. Tip your chair too far back and your body may thud against the floor.
Throw an egg off a balcony onto the pavement below, and it will splat, but throw a heavy dumbbell off the same balcony and it will thud — you can call the sound it makes a thud as well. The verb originally meant "to strike, stab, or thrust," from the Old English imitative word þyddan, and the noun was used to mean "blast of wind" in the early sixteenth century.
WORD FAMILY
thud: thudded, thudding, thuds+/thudding: thuddingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
No more playing this season, one that dipped and rolled and rose, only to end with a most resounding thud.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
He spins around again and puts it down in front of him with a thud.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
A beloved Midwestern burger chain landed in downtown Seattle with a resounding thud, according to a controversial review by food writer Bethany Jean Clement.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 重击声; 砰的一声
v. 砰然下落; 发出砰声
时态：thudded, thudding, thuds
分布：砰的一声(80%)，重击声(10%)，发出砰的一声(10%)
noun countable
■the sound that is made when something heavy falls or hits something else 砰的一声；重击声；沉闷的声响
• The boy fell to the ground with a thud. 男孩重重地摔倒在地上。
• I could hear the thud of horses' hooves down the track. 我可以听到跑道上响起的马蹄声。
n. 砰的一声；重击
 - pound, devel

Word: syphilis
Front: syphilis
[ˈsɪfɪlɪs] (16554/13274)
Back: n. 梅毒
分布：梅毒(100%)
→来自 1530 年出版于意大利的一首拉丁语诗《Syphilis,sive Morbus Gallicus》，翻译成英语即 “Syphilis,or the French Disease”，来自 Syphilis,人名，sive,或者，Morbus,病，词源同 morbid, 病态的，Gallicus,高卢。该诗讲述了一个叫 Syphilis 的牧羊人得了梅毒的故事，可能为欧洲 历史上第一个得此病的人。这首诗的创作背景如下：在 1494 年，法国入侵意大利，同年或 在 1495 年，在意大利那不勒斯发生了欧洲历史上第一次梅毒的大规模爆发，那不勒斯人坚 定认为该传染病是由法国军队入侵带来的，因此也就称之为“法国病”。后 1530 年，意大 利医生和诗人 Girolamo Fracastoro 创作了该诗歌，描述了该病在意大利的肆虐成灾，而 Syphilis 也成为梅毒的代名词。
noun uncountable
■a venereal disease (= disease caught during sexual activity with an infected person) which spreads slowly from the sex organs to all parts of the body 梅毒
n. [性病] 梅毒
 - siff, lues

Word: gip

Word: evergreen
Front: evergreen
[ˈevəgri:n] (托 10763/16218 -1)
Vocabulary: evergreen
(once / 1374 pages)
nadj
An evergreen is a tree or plant that doesn't shed its leaves in the winter, but stays green all year. A Christmas tree is an evergreen.
Even in the middle of winter, when so many trees in cold climates have bare branches, evergreens brighten up the landscape with vibrant green needles or leaves. Fir trees, holly bushes, and eucalyptus shrubs are all examples of evergreens. You can describe all of them using evergreen as an adjective as well: "I made the wreath using evergreen branches."
WORD FAMILY
evergreen: evergreens, semi-evergreen
USAGE EXAMPLES
Q. Why are there brown needles as well as green ones on the average evergreen?
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
SUN January walks focus on conifers, evergreen trees in our collection, 1 p.m.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
For starters, he trains alone in the Milton Evergreen Cemetery near his home outside Toronto.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 常绿植物，常绿树; 常绿树枝
adj. [植] 常绿的; 永葆青春的
分布：常绿树(37%)，常绿的(33%)，常绿植物(30%)
→ever，永远。green, 绿色。
US [-ɚ-] adjective
■describes a plant, bush, or tree which has leaves for the whole year （植物）常青的，常绿的 Compare deciduous always seeming fresh or remaining popular 永葆青春的；不衰的；持久的
• that evergreen TV series 'The Good Life' 那部历久不衰的电视连续剧《美好生活》
UK ['ev.ə.gri:n] US [-ɚ-] noun countable
■a plant, bush or tree which has leaves for the whole year 常青植物，常绿植物
adj. [林] [植] 常绿的；永葆青春的
 - indeciduous

Word: fevered
Front: fevered
[ˈfi:vəd] (24350/24342)
Vocabulary: fevered
(once / 3476 pages)
adj
If you're fevered, you're agitated or overly excited about something. A group of middle school kids might have a fevered reaction to the news that their favorite band is in town.
While you can also use fevered to mean "hot" or "running a fever," it more commonly means "revved up" or "frenzied." A fevered imagination might turn spooky nighttime noises into a monster, and the arrival of a clown at a birthday party might cause both fevered excitement and terror from the guests. Fevered comes from fever, "high temperature," which has also meant "intense excitement" since the 16th century.
WORD FAMILY
fevered: feveredly
USAGE EXAMPLES
To the militants, it was an “expropriation” for something they called the Republic of New Afrika, a place that existed mainly in their fevered dreams.
New York Times(Jan 12, 2012)
Shortly afterwards, fevered rumours began to spread that Assange was dead, murdered by the former Baywatch star with a Gary sandwich.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
Despite this, it is hard to disentangle the fevered debate about Brexit from this, more regular, cycle of political events.
BBC(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: adj. 发烧的，激昂的，激动的
分布：发烧的(54%)，激动的(32%)，激昂的(14%)
US [-vɚd] adjective [usually before noun]
EXCITED 兴奋的 disapproving
■unnaturally excited or active 异常兴奋的；十分活跃的
• The film is clearly the product of a fevered imagination. 这部影片显然是狂热想像的产物。
UK ['fi:.vəd] US [-vɚd] adjective [usually before noun]
ILL 生病的
■suffering from fever 发烧的
• The nurse wiped my fevered brow. 护士擦了擦我发热的额头。
adj. 发烧的；激动的；激昂的
 - excited, hot, heated

Word: familial
Front: familial
[fəˈmɪliəl] (10809/12790)
Vocabulary: familial
(once / 21687 pages)
adj
The word familial has to do with all things relating to family. A familial gathering is one in which family has come together. A familial bond is a strong connection between family members.
It's easy to spot the Latin root familia meaning "family" in the word familial. This is a word that describes events, relationships, or all other things having to do with family. When you talk about a familial bond, you are talking about the kind of intimate connection that only family members can share. If you are interested in genealogy, you have an interest in familial history.
WORD FAMILY
family: familial, families, subfamily, superfamily+/subfamily: subfamilies/superfamily: superfamilies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some hoped to escape from drugs, from tedium, from familial expectations.
Washington Post(Dec 08, 2016)
Colberg credited familial good luck when an English teaching position opened where she worked, Windsor Middle School, the year her daughter graduated.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Familial factors are some of the strongest arguments for using drugs like statins widely.
New York Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: adj. 家族的，家庭的; 家族性
分布：家庭的(89%)，家族遗传的(11%)
ADJ
家庭（或家族）的;家庭(或家族)特有的
Familial means relating to families in general, or typical of a family.
例：Gerard also took on wider familial respon-sibilities.杰勒德还承担了更多的家庭责任。
adj. 家族的；家庭的；遗传的
 - genetic, household, domestic, home

Word: faraday

Word: gist
Front: gist
[dʒɪst] (托雅宝 17685/14828)
Vocabulary: gist
(once / 3440 pages)
n
When you need a quick summary of the essentials, rather than the whole story or a thorough explanation, you're looking for the gist.
The word gist has had a variety of meanings in English, but most of them have become obsolete. The surviving sense of the word entered the language by way of the law: The gist of any legal action is the factor on which the action depends — that is, an alleged assault might be the gist of an indictment. The meaning of gist has evolved, though, and now it can be used to describe the core component of any matter, as in, "He watched the trailer, but he still didn't get the gist of the movie." Or, "She was having trouble writing a headline that conveyed the gist of her article."
WORD FAMILY
gist: gists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Each year the online dictionaries sum up the gist of the past 12 months by publishing a list of their most-searched words.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Prosecutors say Gist was a registered broker with more than 30 clients.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
That’s the gist of the bureau’s suit against Access Funding, its officials and Mr. Smith.
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 要点，主旨; 大要; 要领; 精神
分布：要点(72%)，主旨(28%)
→来自拉丁文jacet, 躺，来自词根jac, 扔，投，掷，词源同project, jet. 引申义位于其中的关键，主旨。
【记】读：记死它－因为是gist所以要死死的记住它
【反】tangential point（离题点）；trivial point（不重要的点）
N-SING
（发言、谈话或文章的）主旨，要点
The gist of a speech, conversation, or piece of writing is its general meaning.
例：He related the gist of his conversation to Naseby.他将他谈话的要点告诉了纳斯比。
n. 主旨，要点；依据
 - substance, core, heart, essential, kernel

Word: generalist
Front: generalist
[ˈdʒenrəlɪst] (20021/22899)
Back: n. 通才，多面手
分布：通才(55%)，多面手(45%)
→来自general, 通用的。
US [-ɚ-] formal
adjective noun countable
■(someone who is) not specialized 全面的，广泛的，通博的；多面手，全才，通才
• Children of this age need specialist rather than generalist teachers. 这个年龄阶段的孩子需要的是专业老师而不是通才教育。
n. （有多方面知识和经验的）通才； [劳经] 多面手
 - versatile person, all-rounder

Word: gazette
Front: gazette
[gəˈzet] (托 39036/11644 -1)
Vocabulary: gazette
(once / 855 pages)
nv
A newspaper or journal can be called a gazette. In fact, many English-language newspapers from coast-to-coast include the name gazette in their title, from The Daily Hampshire Gazette in Massachusetts to the Mariposa Gazette in California.
The noun gazette comes from the Italian word gazzetta. In the 1600s, there was a Venetian news sheet that became known as a gazeta because it cost a gazeta, a small-valued Venetian coin. Other experts suggest that the word comes from gazza, a kind of bird — specifically a chattering magpie — that would spread news. A related word is gazetteer, which is a dictionary of geographical names.
WORD FAMILY
gazette: gazetted, gazetteer, gazettes, gazetting+/gazetteer: gazetteers
USAGE EXAMPLES
As of mid-December, Carroll County Chief Deputy George Frye told the Gazette that the system was almost entirely back up and running.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The indictment was unsealed earlier this month and first reported on Tuesday by the Texarkana Gazette.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Billings Gazette, Dec. 11, on funding career and technical education:
Washington Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 公报; 报纸（作报纸名）
vt. 刊载，宣布; 任命
时态：gazetted, gazetting, gazettes
分布：报(54%)，公报(41%)，刊载于公报(5%)
→来自意大利威尼斯方言gazeta, 喜鹊，拟声词，模仿喜鹊的叫声，同时也指威尼斯当地的小铜币。与报纸的联系存在争议，一种说法是把报童比做小喜鹊，另一种说法是一张报纸刚好值一小铜币而得名。
noun countable old-fashioned
■a newspaper 报纸
■used in the titles of some newspapers and magazines （用于一些报刊的名称中）… 报
• the Montreal Gazette 蒙特利尔报
n. （英）公报；报纸
 - newspaper, paper

Word: fungible
Front: fungible
['fʌndʒɪbl] (34262/-)
Vocabulary: fungible
(once / 129883 pages)
adjn
If something is fungible, you can exchange it for something else. Why is it that you can trade a twenty dollar bill for a ten and two fives? Because money's fungible!
The “g” in fungible is pronounced like a “j” or like the “g” in “fudge,” though fungible things aren't always tasty. Fungible comes from a Latin phrase meaning “to serve in place of” and that's what something that's fungible does: serves in place of what it's exchanged for.
WORD FAMILY
fungible: fungibility, fungibles
USAGE EXAMPLES
The typical length of an N.F.L. career is less than four years, and most football players are surprisingly fungible.
New York Times(Oct 14, 2016)
Language is so fungible a medium that English has absorbed dozens of Yiddish words, like chutzpah, kvetch, kibitz, megillah, schmooze, nosh and schlock.
New York Times(Oct 04, 2016)
But they also acknowledge that U.S.-provided weapons are fungible and planes refueled by the United States can conduct multiple missions.
Washington Post(Oct 03, 2016)
Back: adj. 可互换的，代替的
n. 代替物
分布：代替物(44%)，代替的(28%)，可取代的(28%)
adj. 代替的；可取代的
 - vice, substitutive
n. 代替物
 - substitution

Word: gossipy
Front: gossipy
['ɡɒsɪpɪ] (30576/34256)
Back: adj. 喜饶舌的，漫谈式的; 多嘴; 婆婆嘴
分布：喜饶舌的(43%)，漫谈式的(36%)，闲聊式的(21%)

Word: funky
Front: funky
[fʌŋki] (10614/23745 -1)
Vocabulary: funky
(once / 11657 pages)
1adj 2adj 3adj 4adj
Something that's funky has a strong musical rhythm or beat, and a deep bluesy sound. You might practice some funky bass lines before auditioning for your school's jazz band.
Funky tunes have some of the spirit of the 1960s-era music genre called funk, a branch of R&B that's influenced by soul and jazz music. Rhythm is so important in funky music that the drums and bass are emphasized, melody less so. Based on this cool music, funky also means "stylish" or "hip:" "Mom, those pants are totally funky." The word's original meaning, however, was "stinky," specifically when discussing the smell of aged cheese.
WORD FAMILY
funky: funkier, funkiest+/ funk: funked, funking, funks, funky
USAGE EXAMPLES
Dance to the funky sounds of the Experience Brass Band from 10 p.m. until last call, interrupted only by a midnight champagne toast.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
I think it was this funky cycle we were in.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
And is it okay for outsiders to alter a region’s food because they think it’s too funky for the stereotypical American palate?
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 惊恐的，恐慌的; 有臭味的; 畏缩的; 时髦的
级别：funkier, funkiest
分布：时髦的(78%)，惊恐的(10%)，新式的(6%)，霉臭的(6%)
→来自funk, 恶臭，放克音乐。
adjective
MUSIC 音乐
■describes a style of music, usually for dancing to, with a strong rhythm based on jazz and a tune that repeats itself 乡土爵士乐风格的，放克风格的
• Have you heard their new record? It's really funky. 你听过他们的新唱片吗？典型的乡土爵士乐风格。
['fʌŋ.ki] adjective
FASHIONABLE 时髦的 slang
■fashionable in an unusual and noticeable way 时髦的；不同寻常的
• She has some really funky clothes. 她有一些很时髦新潮的衣服。
• short funky haircuts 时髦的短发
adj. 时髦的；畏缩的；恶臭的
 - modern, fashionable, tony, in, stylish

Word: hankering
Front: hankering
[ˈhæŋkərɪŋ] (宝 33521/35868)
Vocabulary: hankering
(once / 6403 pages)
n
A hankering is a strong desire for something. If you have a hankering for pizza, you really want some pizza.
This is a folksy, informal word that means about the same thing as yearning. When you have a hankering, you want something. Often, people use this word for food, as in "I have a hankering for sushi!" You could have a hankering for football season, a new pair of shoes, or a trip to the beach. Anything you want could spawn a hankering. This word is related to a sense of hanker that means to want or crave something.
WORD FAMILY
hankering: hankerings+/ hanker: hankered, hankering, hankers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Still hankering to understand what happened in the election that shocked the news media, the pundits and much of America?
New York Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Several readers said that when they have a hankering for country-fried steak, they head to good old Cracker Barrel.
Washington Post(Nov 27, 2016)
Everyone just knew it as the place to go when they had a hankering for a hot dog.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: n. 渴望
v. 渴望( hanker的现在分词 ); 渴望得到，渴求
分布：渴望(100%)
→来自hanker,渴望。
【记】读：喊渴ring－手里拿着ring（n 耳环），渴望着老婆、老公从美国回来，喊得都渴了。读：汉克斯－大家都渴望见到汤姆?汉克斯
【反】odium（n 憎恶；讨厌）；lack of desire（不寄希望）
US [-kɚ-] noun countable
■a strong wish 热切希望
• Don't you ever have a hankering for a different lifestyle? 你是否曾经热切地希望换一种生活方式？
n. 渴望；向往
 - aspiration, longing for
v. 渴望（hanker的ing形式）
 - longing, craving

Word: heist
Front: heist
[haɪst] (20262/39392)
Vocabulary: heist
(once / 16258 pages)
nv
When a man with a gun walks into a bank and says, "Give me all your money," that's a heist or a robbery at gunpoint.
Heist, pronounced "hīst," is a slang word for an armed robbery. It's also a slang word used to describe the act of stealing or breaking into someone's house to steal their stuff. In other words, it's a burglary. Heist can also act as a verb: "If you've heisted a diamond ring, you've stolen it."
WORD FAMILY
heist: heisted, heisting, heists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Gun deaths are common in heists, holdups and in confrontations among police, drug gangs and other criminals in Brazil, but targeted mass shootings are rare.
Reuters(Jan 01, 2017)
One security guard and two New Jersey police officers were killed during or immediately following the $1.6 million heist.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
On the day of the Brink’s heist, Clark told me, she was hesitant on several counts, starting with her baby at home.
New York Times(Jan 12, 2012)
Back: vt. &vi. 强夺，拦劫，抢劫
时态：heisted, heisting, heists
分布：抢劫(83%)，强夺(17%)
→来自hoist方言变体，举起。俚语义偷盗，盗窃，参照shoplift,商店行窃。
noun countable informal
■a crime in which valuable things are taken illegally and often violently from a place or person 抢劫（罪）
• a $2 million jewellery heist 涉案价值200万美元的珠宝抢劫案
vt. 抢劫，拦劫；强夺
 - rob of, spoliate
n. 抢劫；强夺
 - robbery, despoliation
vi. 抢劫
 - rob of

Word: heilongjiang

Word: gregarious
Front: gregarious
[grɪˈgeəriəs] (托宝 17153/19743)
Vocabulary: gregarious
(once / 4693 pages)
adj
If you know someone who's outgoing, sociable, and fond of the company of others, you might want to call her gregarious.
The word was originally used to describe animals that live in flocks — it's from the Latin word grex, meaning "herd." Not surprisingly, people began using it to describe humans who liked being in groups. Today biologists still speak of gregarious species, but you're more likely to hear it in reference to people. Despite what you might suspect, it has no historical connection to the name Gregory — but if you know an outgoing fellow with that name, you could call him Greg-arious.
WORD FAMILY
gregarious: gregariously, gregariousness, nongregarious, ungregarious
USAGE EXAMPLES
He was gregarious sometimes, moody others, perfectly happy to be alone as he once was on the bus in Los Angeles.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
He was humble but gregarious, highly respected by his fellow physicians and Army colleagues.
Washington Post(Dec 14, 2016)
But when you see him close up, he seems vital as well as gregarious.
BBC(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 爱交际的，合群的; 群居
分布：群居的(76%)，爱社交的(24%)
→来自ger, 集中，集会，词源同cram, crowd,
群居的;爱社交的(greg+arious爱...的→爱群体的)[greg=group,表示"群体"]
【记】greg群体
【参】egregious（adj 异乎寻常的；极坏的）
【反】aloof（adj 冷淡的；孤独的）
US [-'ger.i-] adjective
■(of people) liking to be with other people, or (especially of animals) living in groups （人）爱交际的，不喜独处的；（尤指动物）群居的
• Emma's a gregarious, outgoing sort of person. 艾玛是个喜欢交际、性情爽直的人。
⇒ See also sociable
adj. 社交的；群居的
 - social

Word: headless
Front: headless
[ˈhedləs] (18818/20564)
Back: adj. 无头的; 无领导者的; 无头脑的; 无知的
分布：没有头的(51%)，不在意的(37%)，愚笨的(12%)
adjective
■without a head 无头的
• a headless corpse 无头尸
['hed.ləs] adjective
run round like a headless chicken
■to be very busy doing a lot of things, but in a way that is not very effective 忙得像只无头苍蝇；手忙脚乱
adj. 不在意的；无头脑的；无领导者的
 - brainless, empty-headed

Word: indomitable
Front: indomitable
[ɪnˈdɒmɪtəbl] (托 23022/20679)
Vocabulary: indomitable
(once / 1725 pages)
adj
Something indomitable can't be beat. People described as having indomitable spirits don't need pep talks or protein shakes; their strength comes from within.
The adjective indomitable starts with the Latin prefix in, which means "not." The second part of the word is also from the Latin word domitare, meaning "to tame." So the word literally means "not able to be tamed." Indomitable is often teamed with the words spirit or personality to describe someone with a can-do attitude.
WORD FAMILY
indomitable: indomitability, indomitably
USAGE EXAMPLES
Her mood, always indomitable in her apartment, was passive and resigned, and she was not sure exactly where she was.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
One thing must be said for the rodent citizens of New York: their spirit, like that of their human counterparts, is truly indomitable.
Time(Dec 19, 2016)
Whenever the indomitable Clara speaks truth to power, viewers will likely get goosebumps.
Salon(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: adj. 不屈服的，不气馁的，不可战胜的
adv. 不屈服地，不气馁地，不可战胜地
分布：不屈不挠的(100%)
→in-,不，非，-dom,控制，驯服，词源同adamant,domesticate.即不能被驯服的，不屈不挠的。
不可征服的(in不+domitadle可征服的)[dom=house,表示"屋,家"]
不可征服的[domit=tame(驯服)]
【记】dominate（v 支配；占优势）
US [-'dɑ:.mə.tˌə-] adjective
■describes someone strong, brave, determined and difficult to defeat or frighten 不屈不挠的；勇敢坚定的
• The indomitable Mrs Furlong said she would continue to fight for justice. 不屈不挠的弗朗夫人说她将继续为正义而奋斗。
adj. 不屈不挠的；不服输的；不气馁的
 - tough, unflagging

Word: infirm
Front: infirm
[ɪnˈfɜ:m] (宝 22223/19029)
Vocabulary: infirm
(once / 727 pages)
adj
To be infirm is to be physically weak. If your great grandmother can't get around without a walker or a wheelchair, you might describe her as infirm.
The adjective infirm is most often used to talk about elderly people whose bodies don't work as well as they used to — there's an implication of old age in the word. You could also describe an infirm person as decrepit or feeble. Sometimes a person's morals or character are described as infirm, which means you can't count on them to do the right thing. The Latin root, infirmus means "weak or feeble," or alternately, "superstitious or inconstant."
WORD FAMILY
infirm: infirmer, infirmity, infirmly+/ firm: firmed, firmer, firmest, firming, firmly, firmness, firms, infirm, unfirm/firmness: firmnesses/ infirmity: infirmities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Its 1742 premiere in Dublin was a benefit concert for the infirm and the incarcerated in debtors prison.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 11, 2016)
With that, she cares for her two children and an infirm mother.
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Some experts believe policies championed by Price could actually worsen health coverage for the poor and infirm, while benefitting the healthy and wealthy.
The Guardian(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 体弱的
分布：虚弱的(32%)，体弱的(25%)，不牢靠的(13%)，意志薄弱的(11%)，不坚定的(11%)，体弱的人(8%)
→in-,不，非，firm,固定的，坚实的。引申词义体弱的，生病的。
虚弱的;意志薄弱的(in不+firm)[firm=firm,表示"坚定"]
【记】firm（n 公司adj 结实的；坚固的）；infirmity（n 虚弱；缺点）
【反】hale（adj 强壮的；老人矍铄的）
US [-'fɝ:m] formal
adjective
■ill or needing care, especially for long periods and often because of old age （尤指因年迈而长期）病弱的，需要照顾的
• She was too elderly and infirm to remain at home. 她过于年老体弱，无法继续住在家里。
UK [ɪn'fɜ:m] US [-'fɝ:m] formal
plural noun
the infirm
■people who are ill for long periods 体弱的人
• The old and the infirm are the most susceptible to this disease. 年老体弱者最容易得这种病。
adj. 衰弱的；意志薄弱的；不坚固的
 - marasmic, hypodynamic

Word: infrared
Front: infrared
[ˌɪnfrəˈred] (研 7095/17402 -1)
Back: adj. <物>红外线的
n. 红外线
分布：红外线的(56%)，红外线(44%)
→infra-,低于，在下方，red,红色。即低于正常红色的，用于指红外线。
a./n.红外线(的)
adjective
■a type of light that feels warm but cannot be seen 红外线的
• Their pilots are guided by an infrared optical system that shows images clearly even at night. 他们的飞行员使用红外线光学系统导航，即使在晚上也能清楚地显示影像。
adj. [红外] 红外线的
 - infared

Word: histrionic
Front: histrionic
[ˌhɪstriˈɒnɪk] (宝 29277/32954)
Vocabulary: histrionic
(once / 7078 pages)
adj
Anything that has to do with actors or acting can be called histrionic, like a Broadway actor's histrionic voice projection that would sound strange in everyday life but is perfect for the stage.
The adjective histrionic, pronounced "his-tree-ON-ic," comes from the Latin words histrionicus and histrio which mean “actor.” It can describe things that have to do with acting on the stage, but it can also describe a person who in regular life is a little too dramatic and even over-acts, like your friend whose histrionic rantings make a trip to the grocery store seem like a matter of life and death.
WORD FAMILY
histrionic: histrionically, histrionics
USAGE EXAMPLES
She was a woman with mental illness who refused to be painted as an hysteric, a histrionic; sexist archetypes beloved by the early psychoanalyst set.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
They were the stoic dudes keeping it together to Prince’s histrionic grace.
The New Yorker(Dec 27, 2016)
Good for them and good for all who just do their duty without a lot of fuss-n-feathers and histrionics in general.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 做作的; 过分戏剧化的; 不自然的; <文>表演的
分布：戏剧的(51%)，表演的(33%)，做作的(16%)
→来自拉丁语histrio,演员。引申词义装腔作势的。
【记】源于historic（adj 历史上著名的），因为当时的演员都演历史剧所以演变成现在的意思。
US [-'ɑ:.nɪk] adjective disapproving
■very emotional and energetic, but without sincerity or real meaning 做作的，装腔作势的
• a histrionic outburst 装腔作势的情感爆发
• She put on a histrionic display of grief at her ex-husband's funeral. 她在前夫的葬礼上装出一副悲伤的样子。
adj. 戏剧的；演员的，表演的
 - dramatic, performing, scenic
n. 演员
 - player, impersonator

Word: insignificance
Front: insignificance
[ˌɪnsɪɡ'nɪfɪkəns] (24695/18436)
Back: n. 无意义
分布：无意义(37%)，不重要(30%)，无价值(20%)，微小(13%)
【记】significant（adj 有意义的；重大的）
n. 无意义；不重要；无价值
 - meaninglessness, pointlessness

Word: jonah
Front: jonah
['dʒəʊnə] (-/24838)
Back: n. 约拿书; 约拿（西伯来先知）; 带来不幸
分布：约拿(58%)，约拿书(34%)，带来不幸的人(8%)

Word: introspective
Front: introspective
[ˌɪntrəˈspektɪv] (托宝 17592/19980)
Vocabulary: introspective
(once / 7420 pages)
adj
Someone who is introspective spends considerable time examining his own thoughts and feelings. If you take to your diary after an unhappy break-up, you are being introspective.
The Latin word introspicere means to look inside, and that's what an introspective person does, metaphorically speaking. It's different from meditative and pensive in that they can refer to contemplating anything, whereas introspection involves specifically contemplating yourself.
WORD FAMILY
introspective: introspectively, introspectiveness+/introspect: introspected, introspecting, introspection, introspective, introspects/ introspection: introspections
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Redemption” is an introspective, dense and imaginative record that challenges at every turn. Listen.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
His introspective “Dark Sacred Night” is a compilation of Christmas music he’s recorded over the past 14 years.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
The last decade has seen a lot of rap move towards a darker and introspective sound.
The Guardian(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 反省的; 内省的
分布：内省的(55%)，反省的(45%)
adjective
■examining and considering your own ideas, thoughts and feelings, instead of talking to other people about them 自省的，反省的
• She is famous for her introspective songs about failed relationships. 她因其反省失败恋情的歌曲闻名。
adj. 内省的；反省的
 - idiotropic

Word: jaundiced
Front: jaundiced
[ˈdʒɔ:ndɪst] (宝 25115/20101)
Vocabulary: jaundiced
(once / 15271 pages)
adj
So you wake up in the morning and look in the mirror. To your surprise, and horror, instead of your usual rosy complexion, your skin is yellow and the whites of your eyes are yellow, too! You, my friend, are jaundiced.
Jaundice is from the Greek, ikteros, which referred to both the disease and a rare, yellow bird. It was thought that someone with jaundice could stare at this yellow bird, and the jaundice would be magically transferred to the bird. Jaundiced can also refer to ideas or feelings being distorted by negative views or qualities, since yellow has been associated with bitterness and envy. Too bad there is no bird to get rid of that!
WORD FAMILY
jaundice: jaundiced, jaundicing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Even with what sounds like a slightly jaundiced view, he dived into the assignment.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
His eyes are jaundiced, so yellow they look dyed.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
He has been quite critical of the compensation of chief executives, so he may want members who will view Wall Street with a jaundiced eye.
New York Times(Nov 09, 2016)
Back: adj. 患黄疸病（似）的; 因嫉妒等而有偏见的
v. 黄疸病( jaundice的过去式和过去分词 ); 偏见
分布：患黄疸病的(51%)，有偏见的(33%)，嫉妒的(16%)
→来自jaundice,黄疸。因黄色在人们对颜色的概念里常用来形容羡慕，苦恼，思想狭隘，因此引申词义狭隘的。
【记】ja，und＝under下面，ice冰，d－有偏见的人容易浑身发热，所以要放在冰的下面。
【反】dispose favorably（好意的处理）；unprejudiced（adj 公平的）；candid（adj 无偏见的）
US ['dʒɑ:n-] formal
adjective
■judging everything as bad because bad things have happened to you in the past （因从前不愉快的经历而对世事）有偏见的，狭隘的
• He seems to have/take a very jaundiced view of life. 他的人生观似乎十分偏狭。
• I'm afraid I look on all travel companies' claims with a rather jaundiced eye , having been disappointed by them so often in the past. 恐怕我对所有旅游公司的宣传都抱有成见，因为过去这些宣传常常让我失望。
■looking slightly yellow in colour because of having jaundice 黄疸黄（因患黄疸而面色发黄的）
• He was jaundiced from liver disease. 他因患肝病而面色发黄。
adj. 有偏见的；患黄疸病的
 - biased, tendentious

Word: jowl
Front: jowl
[dʒaʊl] (21043/23036)
Vocabulary: jowl
(once / 7074 pages)
n
Jowls are excess flesh around the jaw and cheeks that tends to grow as people get older. The jowl is also the lower jaw, which is hinged so the mouth can open, in vertebrates.
The two meanings of jowl both relate to the jaw. In some cases, jowl literally means jaw, as in the hinged lower jaw of vertebrates. Without a jowl, you wouldn't be able to open your mouth. The jowl can also be called the jawbone, lower jawbone, mandible, or submaxilla. The other kind of jowl — usually called jowls — are loose, fleshy areas around the jaw and lower cheeks. Older people are more likely to have jowls, especially if they are overweight.
WORD FAMILY
jowl: jowls, jowly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Symptoms of the contagious, viral disease include fever, headache and swelling of the cheeks and jowl.
Seattle Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Even distilled to little more than jowls, a widow’s peak and a schnoz, the characterization looks unmistakably like Richard Nixon.
Salon(Nov 28, 2016)
“Even when living cheek by jowl with other people, we can all be lost,” Butler said.
The Guardian(Oct 29, 2016)
Back: n. 颌，颚骨，面颊
分布：颚骨(48%)，颌(33%)，面颊(19%)
→来自古英语ceole,喉咙，来自gwele,吞食，吞咽，词源同glut,gullet.拼写受jaw影响。引申词义下颌垂肉，双下巴。
noun countable usually plural
■the loose skin and flesh under the jaw 双下巴，下颌垂肉
• a bloodhound with heavy jowls (= loose folds of skin and flesh on the lower parts of its face) 下颌有很厚垂肉的大猎犬
n. 颌；颚骨；面颊
 - jaw, cheek
vt. 碰；摇动
 - rock, shake
vi. 颠簸前进；敲钟
 - ring

Word: kabuki
Front: kabuki
[kəˈbu:ki] (30973/-)
Back: n. <日>歌舞伎（创始于17世纪的日本传统剧种）
→来自日本化汉语，ka,歌，bu,舞，ki,伎。
noun uncountable
■a type of Japanese theatre which only uses male actors, who perform in a traditional and artificial manner 歌舞伎（日本一传统剧种，仅使用男性演员）

Word: lifeboat
Front: lifeboat
[ˈlaɪfbəʊt] (15782/8321 -1)
Vocabulary: lifeboat
(once / 3173 pages)
n
A lifeboat is a small boat that's kept on a bigger ship in case of emergency. It’s much more fun than a deathboat. Large ships usually have enough lifeboats for every passenger on board. Hear that, Titanic?
When the giant ship Titanic sank, there weren’t enough lifeboats for everyone. If you’re on a ship that’s going down, a lifeboat (one word) could save your life. Some lifeboats are made of hard materials like fiberglass, while others are inflatable. Another kind of lifeboat is launched from shore or a Coast Guard ship to rescue people who need help at sea, if, for example, they're on a sinking fishing boat.
WORD FAMILY
lifeboat: lifeboats
USAGE EXAMPLES
Newcastle RNLI's volunteer lifeboat crew were quickly on scene once the call for help was received.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
A coastguard search and rescue helicopter based at Lydd, two lifeboats from Ramsgate and the coastguard rescue team from Margate are involved.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
A major search involving lifeboats and a coastguard helicopter was launched but the vessel is still missing.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 救生艇，救生船
分布：救生船(100%)
US [-boʊt] noun countable
■a large boat which is kept ready to go out to sea and save people who are in danger, or a smaller boat kept on a ship for people to leave in if the ship is not safe or might sink 救生船，救生筏
n. [船] [安全] 救生艇，救生船
 - accident boat, sea boat

Word: langley

Word: lidar
Front: lidar
['laɪdə] (41123/-)
Back: n. 激光雷达
分布：激光雷达(96%)，激光探测和测距(4%)
n. [雷达] 激光雷达；激光定位器
 - ladar

Word: joystick
Front: joystick
[ˈdʒɔɪstɪk] (18860/27336)
Vocabulary: joystick
(once / 58224 pages)
n
A joystick is a handle-like device that you use to control your character in a video game. If you want your character to move left, you generally move the joystick to the left.
Originally, a joystick was the control an airplane pilot uses to adjust the movements of the plane — by moving the joystick back and forth, the pilot adjusts the roll, and moving it up and down controls the pitch of the plane's nose. Joystick was aviators' slang for this lever, and the makers of the earliest video games, in the 1970s, adopted the word for their similarly-shaped control.
WORD FAMILY
joystick: joysticks
USAGE EXAMPLES
Hovering above him, another object responds to the commands Zahnd issues with his hi-tech joystick.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
The user holds the joystick in one hand and inserts their thumb into the unattached ring.
Reuters(Dec 06, 2016)
I side with the Luddites here: Electric joystick selectors can be unwieldy.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 操纵杆
分布：控制杆(66%)，游戏杆(34%)
→joy,欢乐，stick,杆，棍。比喻用法。
noun countable
■a vertical handle which can be moved forwards, backwards and sideways to control the direction or height of an aircraft or to control a machine or computer game 操纵杆，驾驶杆
n. [航] 操纵杆， [机] 控制杆
 - operating lever, operating handle

Word: meld
Front: meld
[meld] (宝 14514/36480)
Vocabulary: meld
(once / 16059 pages)
1v 2nv
To meld is to completely combine or blend two or more things. If you meld breakfast and lunch, you get brunch. If you meld jeans and leggings, you get jeggings.
Books that are told from the perspectives of more than one character meld different narrators into one coherent story, and complicated recipes meld many different ingredients and flavors. When one thing melds into another, it loses its separate characteristics and blends slowly into the new substance. The origin of meld isn't clear, but some experts guess that it's a combination of melt and weld.
WORD FAMILY
meld: melded, melding, melds
USAGE EXAMPLES
In Mr. Braith’s mosaic, he is clad in a slick red blazer and carrying his signature Braithophone, alto and soprano saxophones melded into one.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Maybe it’s because laughing is a complete mind-body meld or because to laugh is to surrender.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
The original was already a masterpiece of art and engineering, melding a trance soundtrack with psychedelic explosions of light and color.
The New Yorker(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. （使）融合，合并，结合
n. 混合，合并
时态：melded, melding, melds
分布：合并(68%)，摊牌(16%)，出示得分的牌(16%)
→来自melt和weld的合成词。
【反】separate＝divide（v 分开；分别）
vi. 合并；混合
 - incorporate with, merge
vt. 使…合并；使…混合
 - unite
n. 结合；融合
 - combination, fusion, coupling, bond, wedding

Word: lope
Front: lope
[ləʊp] (宝 17601/26570)
Vocabulary: lope
(once / 3080 pages)
vn
Some words are fun to say: lope is one of them. It's also fun to think about, as it means to move with a casual, striding gait. Imagine a horse cantering along with an easy lope. A pleasant image indeed.
Before 1825, the meaning of lope was in the line of a leap or springy jump. This comes from the Old Norse word hlaupa, which sounds like its English meaning, "to leap." This is similar to the Old Dutch lopen, "to run," and the Old English hlēapan, "leap," as well as the Scots loup, all related to the modern meaning: a long, striding gait with a little bounce to it.
WORD FAMILY
lope: loped, lopes, loping
USAGE EXAMPLES
The players put fists together, chanted, “Share sugar!” and loped onto the floor.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
It’s as simple as Lopes asking Walker to “pass the salt” at the next holiday meal.
Seattle Times(Dec 18, 2016)
It included the moment when Lopes told her to “get a broom and sweep the floor”.
The Guardian(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: vi. （尤指动物）轻跳着奔跑
n. 大步慢跑
时态：loped, loping, lopes
分布：大步慢跑(100%)
→词源同leap,跑，跳，该词主要见于elope,跑掉，私奔。
【记】先记住elope（v 私奔）：e出，lope读：落魄－一出去就落魄了，所以不要私奔，再记住lope有走的意思，所以lope是慢跑。
【区】lobe（n 耳垂）
US [loʊp] verb intransitive
■(of a person or animal) to run taking long relaxed steps （人或动物轻松地））大步跑，大步跳跃
• The lion loped across the grass. 狮子大步跳跃着跑过了草地。

Word: meditate
Front: meditate
[ˈmedɪteɪt] (研六托雅宝 12380/15721 -2)
Vocabulary: meditate
(once / 215 pages)
v
When you meditate, you silently calm or focus your mind for relaxation or spiritual reasons. People who meditate regularly can put a stop to racing thoughts, making them less distracted.
When you meditate, you focus on your breathing while sitting calmly. Some people mediate to reduce stress, while others see it as part of their spiritual practice. Meditate can also be used to describe any deep thinking you do, like when you meditate on what to say to a friend who is feeling sad lately. The Latin word for "ponder," meditari, is the root of meditate.
WORD FAMILY
meditate: meditated, meditates, meditating, meditation, meditative, premeditate +/ meditation: meditations/ meditative: meditatively, meditativeness/ premeditate: premeditated, premeditating, premeditation / premeditated: premeditatedly, unpremeditated/ premeditation: premeditations/unpremeditated: unpremeditatedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
On bad days, she will retreat into a room and meditate.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
On bad days, when she’s really thinking of her son, she will retreat into a room and meditate.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
It meditates on the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 A.D.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vi. 沉思; 打算
vt. 深思; 策划
时态：meditated, meditating, meditates
分布：冥想(53%)，沉思(31%)，考虑(12%)，计划(4%)
→来自拉丁语meditari,沉思，思考，考虑，来自med,测量，考虑，词源同measure,medical.引申词义沉思，冥想。也有可能来自拉丁语medius,中间的，词源同middle.即思考天人之间的联系。比较mediator.
思考[medit=ponder(思考)]
v.想,考虑,(尤指宗教上的)沉思,冥想She meditated for 2 days before giving her answer.她考虑了两天才答复.
【记】med中间，it它，ate吃：在吃饭的中途还想着它－沉思。
verb intransitive
■to think calm thoughts in order to relax or as a religious activity 沉思，冥想
• Sophie meditates for 20 minutes every day. 索菲每天冥想20分钟。
■to think seriously about something for a long time 沉思，深思
• He meditated on the consequences of his decision. 他思索着他的决定所带来的后果。
think, reason, muse, speculate, meditate, deliberate, reflect
这组词都有“思考、判断、思索”的意思，其区别是：
think: 一般用词，指开动脑筋形成看法或得出结论的脑力活动。不着重结论是否正确，见解是否有用。
reason: 指根据资料、证据或事实进行推断，作出结论或判断的逻辑思维活动。
muse: 通常指漫无目的地猜想。
speculate: 指推论过程，隐含在证据不足的基础上作出推测或设想。
meditate: 语气较强，指认真地长时间集中精力进行思考。
deliberate: 指缓慢、按部就班地作仔细而认真的思考或判断。
reflect: 指回想或回顾，侧重认真而冷静地反复地思考某个问题，尤指对已发生事情的思索。
vt. 考虑；计划；企图
 - schedule, propose, design, map, view
vi. 冥想；沉思
 - be deep in thought, be buried in

Word: loveless
Front: loveless
[ˈlʌvləs] (27458/24590)
Back: adj. 无爱情的，不可爱的
分布：得不到爱的(60%)，无爱情的(40%)
adjective
■without love 无爱的，没有爱情的
• She was trapped in a loveless marriage. 她陷入了一场没有爱情的婚姻。
adj. 不可爱的；无爱情的
 - unlovable

Word: littoral
Front: littoral
[ˈlɪtərəl] (宝 25575/37988)
Vocabulary: littoral
(once / 10924 pages)
adjn
Anything littoral has to do with a coast or shore. A littoral state has a coast, so Florida, California, and North Carolina are littoral states, to name a few.
If you live far away from any water, then you probably won't hear the word littoral much because it refers to things related to shores and coasts. A house overlooking the ocean is littoral. A business is littoral if it sells things to people hanging out on the beach. You can also use littoral as a noun to mean the area near a coast or shore — if you grew up near the water, you grew up in a littoral.
WORD FAMILY
littoral: littorals, sublittoral
USAGE EXAMPLES
The littoral fleet is designed to operate close to shore with steerable jet propulsion.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The first four ships will be used for testing developing technologies and systems being installed on the littoral combat ships.
Washington Times(Sep 29, 2016)
The Navy insists the costly littoral combat ship program is going to be fine after a bumpy start.
Seattle Times(Sep 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 海[湖]滨的，沿海（湖）的
n. 沿（海）岸地区
分布：沿海地区(75%)，沿海的(14%)，海岸的(11%)
→来自拉丁语litus,海岸，可能来自lei,流，流淌，词源同lido,limnology.
【记】读：litter肉，海岸是随便乱丢鱼肉的地方。
adj. [海洋] 沿海的；海滨的
 - coastal, maritime
n. 沿海地区（等于litora）
 - foreland, coastland, coastal areas

Word: matriarch
Front: matriarch
[ˈmeɪtriɑ:k] (19251/37817)
Vocabulary: matriarch
(once / 26092 pages)
n
Rose Kennedy was the matriarch of the Kennedy clan — she was the female head of the family. This noun can also be used metaphorically. For instance, Alice Waters could be called the matriarch of Chez Panisse and the generation of chefs that her revolutionary restaurant inspired.
Although matriarch was created as a parallel term to patriarch, this eighteenth-century new creation was based on a false etymology. Although patri- might look related to the Latin pater "father," it actually comes from the Greek patria "family." Presumably, it was assumed that such a person would be a man. In any case, patriarch has come to mean the male head of a family or clan, while matriarch is used if the head of a family or clan is female.
WORD FAMILY
matriarch: matriarchs
USAGE EXAMPLES
ABC’s night of sitcoms wraps up at 9:30 with “The Real O’Neals” and some self-doubt from Eileen, the family’s matriarch.
New York Times(Jan 03, 2017)
Family matriarch Carol Bundy is expressing fear that the government will ban grazing in the Gold Butte area — although the U.S.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Family matriarch Carol Bundy is expressing fear that the government will ban grazing in the Gold Butte area - although the U.S.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 女家长，高雅的老妇人
分布：女族长(50%)，女家长(50%)
→matr-,母亲，-arch,管理，词源同anarchy.比喻用法。
[matri母→女性,arch首脑,长]女族长;女家长[母matr(i);mater;metro]
女家长;女族长(matri+arch统治者→母亲统治)[matern,matr=mother,表示"母性,母亲"]
US [-ɑ:rk] noun countable
■an old and powerful woman in a family, or the female leader of a society in which power passes from mother to daughter 女家长；女族长 Compare patriarch

Word: militate
Front: militate
[ˈmɪlɪteɪt] (27273/19129)
Vocabulary: militate
(once / 9300 pages)
v
Your father's loss of his job may militate against the big family vacation your parents had been planning. To militate is to be a deciding factor for or against.
The word militate descends from the same Latin word as military. Imagine armed soldiers at a check point. Their presence might militate against your plan of crossing the border, or it might militate for their bringing you in for questioning. When you are young, sometimes your age works for you, and sometimes it militates against you.
WORD FAMILY
militate: militated, militates, militating
USAGE EXAMPLES
In some ways, this is an odd fellowship: populist nationalism would seem to militate against an international brotherhood.
The New Yorker(Dec 23, 2016)
The peculiarities of Britain’s housing market, in sum, militate against big price declines: in 2007-11, house prices fell by two-thirds as much as in America.
Economist(Dec 07, 2016)
“People had lousy teeth, if they had teeth at all, which militated against opening your mouth in social settings,” he says.
Time(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: vi. 产生作用或影响
时态：militated, militating, militates
分布：有影响(67%)，发生作用(33%)
→来自拉丁语militare,当兵，战斗，来自miles,战士，词源同military.引申词义动武，妨碍，阻止等。
产生(不利)影响(milit+ate→用兵[阻挡]→产生[不利]影响)[milit=soldier,表示"兵"]
verb
  Phrasal Verbs  militate against sth formal
■to make something less likely to happen or succeed 妨碍；对…产生不利影响
• The complexity and costliness of the judicial system militate against justice for the individual. 司法体系的复杂性及高昂的费用不利于实现个体的公义。
vi. 有影响；产生作用
 - be influential in, make the difference

Word: muller
Front: muller
['mʌlə] (-/22589)
Back: n. 研杵，粉碎机，研磨机
分布：研磨机(50%)，粉碎机(30%)，磨杵(20%)
n. 研磨机；粉碎机；搅棒
 - grinder, pulverizer

Word: meteoric
Front: meteoric
[ˌmi:tiˈɒrɪk] (雅宝 22008/23033)
Vocabulary: meteoric
(once / 7103 pages)
adj
Because meteors move through the sky so quickly, we often refer to something moving very fast as meteoric. A newly-popular singer might be said to experience a meteoric rise to the top. (The fall can be meteoric, too.)
The "-ic" suffix on a word creates an adjective meaning "with the characteristics of." So meteoric means “having the characteristics of a meteor.” Both words take their origin from the Greek meteōros, meaning "high up." By the way, a shooting star is meteoric, being a meteor that is burning up as it plunges through the earth's atmosphere.
WORD FAMILY
meteoric: meteorically+/ meteor: meteoric, meteoroid, meteors, micrometeor/ meteoroid: meteoroids/micrometeor: micrometeoric, micrometeoroid/micrometeoroid: micrometeoroids
USAGE EXAMPLES
In 1996, he quit and moved to California just as the net started its meteoric ascent.
BBC(Dec 14, 2016)
Anecdotes abound regarding the meteoric rise of Uber and its devastation of the traditional taxi industry in cities around the world.
The Guardian(Dec 06, 2016)
That game sparked a meteoric ascent that culminated with the Brooklyn prodigy’s epochal world championship win in 1972.
The Guardian(Dec 03, 2016)
Back: adj. 疾速的; 令人眼花缭乱的; 流星的
分布：流星的(50%)，大气的(30%)，昙花一现的(20%)
→来自meteor,流星。引申词义转瞬即逝的。
【记】源于：meteor（n 流星）
【反】gradual（adj 逐渐的）；plodding（adj 沉重缓慢的）
US [-tˌi'ɑ:r-] adjective
OF A ROCK 石质的
■relating to or caused by a meteor 流星的
• The sudden flash of light in the night sky was caused by a meteoric fireball. 夜空中突然出现的亮光是一个流星火球造成的。
UK [ˌmi:.ti'ɒr.ɪk] US [-tˌi'ɑ:r-] adjective
VERY FAST 迅速的
■describes something which develops very fast and attracts a lot of attention 发展迅速的
• The group had a meteoric rise to fame in the 70s. 这支乐队在20世纪70年代迅速成名。
• Her parliamentary career has been meteoric. 她的议员生涯可谓扶摇直上。
adj. 大气的；流星的；疾速的
 - atmospheric, freeair

Word: menfolk
Front: menfolk
[ˈmenfəʊk] (36056/23925)
Back: n. <过时>（家庭或社区的）男人们; 爷们
分布：男人们(100%)
→men,男人，folk,群体。
US [-foʊk] plural noun old-fashioned
■the men in a family or society （整个家庭或社会中的）男子，男人

Word: multicoloured
Front: multicoloured
[ˌmʌltiˈkʌləd] (-/22992)
Back: adj. 多色彩的，五彩缤纷的; 斑斓; 花; 花花绿绿
分布：多色的(100%)
adj. 多色彩的
 - tinty

Word: outpatient
Front: outpatient
[ˈaʊtpeɪʃnt] (10633/10865 -1)
Back: n. 门诊病人，不住院病人
分布：门诊病人(100%)
→out-,向外，外面的，patient,病人。
noun countable
■a person who goes to a hospital for treatment, but who does not stay any nights there 门诊病人
• an outpatient clinic 门诊部
Compare inpatient

Word: nagano

Word: obviate
Front: obviate
[ˈɒbvieɪt] (托宝 20519/14547)
Vocabulary: obviate
(once / 2798 pages)
v
To obviate means to eliminate the need for something or to prevent something from happening. If you want to obviate the possibility of a roach infestation, clean your kitchen regularly.
The prefix ob means "to go against." That makes sense when you look at the words obstruct and obstacle, but how about obstetrics? Why does the name of the branch of medicine dealing with birth have the same root as words that mean "stop" or "get in the way"? Because a midwife stands opposite to, or against, the woman giving birth.
WORD FAMILY
obviate: obviated, obviates, obviating, obviation
USAGE EXAMPLES
The ritual doesn’t obviate the visceral nature of the hunt, even for Mr. Williams, but that is part of the point.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
And the mid-1970s was almost insane enough to obviate satire entirely.
The Guardian(Nov 23, 2016)
How many drivers seem to think that “right on red” obviates the requirement to come to a full stop?
Seattle Times(Nov 17, 2016)
Back: vt. 避免，消除（贫困、不方便等）
时态：obviated, obviating, obviates
分布：避免(40%)，排除(39%)，消除(21%)
→ob-,相对，对着的，-via,路，词源同way,trivia.即对着路，挡路，引申词义消除，排除。
排除,避免(cb去掉+vi+ous→就在路上掉东西→排除障碍)[vi,via,voy=way,表示"道路"]
【记】ob离开，via路，te一使障碍离开道路一排除
【参】viable（adj 能养活的）；viaduct（n 高架桥）
US ['ɑ:b-] formal
verb transitive
■to remove a difficulty, especially so that action to deal with it becomes unnecessary 排除，消除；使无必要
• A peaceful solution would obviate the need to send a UN military force. 如果能和平解决就没有必要派遣联合国维和部队了。
vt. 排除；避免；消除
 - eliminate, escape, exclude

Word: palatial
Front: palatial
[pəˈleɪʃl] (宝 23056/22110)
Vocabulary: palatial
(once / 5339 pages)
adj
Knowing that the adjective palatial is derived from the same Latin word as palace gives you a good sense of its meaning: magnificent, reminiscent of a home fit for a king.
The Palatine (Collis Palatium in Latin) is the center of Rome’s famed Seven Hills. Tradition holds that it was the location on which Romulus founded the city, and it became a prestigious site for powerful Romans—including emperors—to build large, lavish homes. Palatium made its way into every Romance language and beyond: it became palazzo in Italian, palacio in Spanish, and palast in German. Palace entered English via the Old French palais. Power, affluence, extravagance: these are the qualities that should come to mind when you encounter the word palatial.
WORD FAMILY
palatial: palatially+/ palace: palaces, palatial
USAGE EXAMPLES
Then he will return to Mar-a-Lago, his palatial Palm Beach estate.
Seattle Times(Dec 17, 2016)
The theater is a rarity because it opened as a movie house, but it predated the palatial motion-picture palaces that began appearing in the 1920s.
Washington Times(Nov 29, 2016)
On Saturday, hundreds of provincial farmers, many driving tractors, joined a demonstration that paralyzed the capital, shutting down streets spanning out from palatial Gwanghwaman square.
Time(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 宫殿（似）的，宏伟的，壮丽的
分布：宏伟的(75%)，宫殿般的(25%)
→来自palace,宫殿。
【记】源于：palace（n 宫殿）
【参】palaver（v 阿谀）在palace里面的人擅长palaver
【区】palatable（adj 美味的）源于：plate（n 盘子）
adjective
■describes a house that is very large and splendid 宫殿似的，华丽的
adj. 宫殿似的；宏伟的；壮丽的
 - grand, magnificent, noble

Word: pensionable
Front: pensionable
[ 'penʃ(ə)nəb(ə)l] (-/20861)
Back: adj. 可领取退休、养老金或抚恤金的
分布：有资格领退休金的(54%)，可领退休金的(46%)
UK
adjective
■allowing someone to receive a pension 有权领取养老金（或退休金、抚恤金）的
• She is of pensionable age (= is old enough to claim a pension). 她到了领退休金的年龄。
• a pensionable job 能享受退休金的工作

Word: pancreas
Front: pancreas
[ˈpæŋkriəs] (托宝 17398/17817 -1)
Vocabulary: pancreas
(once / 6297 pages)
n
The pancreas is part of the digestive system. It helps the stomach digest food. It’s a large, long gland that secretes insulin and digestive enzymes.
Although the stomach gets the most of the credit for digesting food, it has a helper — the pancreas. The pancreas hides behind your stomach and helps digest and absorb nutrients, and it also helps you maintain a healthy blood sugar level by secreting insulin. This dual function makes the pancreas part endocrine (for the insulin) and part exocrine (for the digestive juices). These two functions make the pancreas important, but you can actually live without it.
WORD FAMILY
pancreas: pancreases, pancreatic
USAGE EXAMPLES
Cystic fibrosis causes a thick buildup of mucus in the lungs, pancreas and other organs.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
In older people, he noted, blood sugar levels normally rise as the pancreas produces less insulin and the body becomes more insulin resistant.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
There was no progress on certain cancers, like lung, colon and pancreas.
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. <解剖>胰，胰腺
分布：胰脏(100%)
→pan-,全部，所有，-kreas,肉，生肉，词源同raw,crude.因胰腺全部由肉组成而得名。
胰腺(pan接近+creas→像肉的东西→胰腺)[creas=flesh(肉)]
noun countable
■an organ in the body that produces insulin (= a chemical substance that controls the amount of sugar in the blood) and substances which help to digest food so that it can be used by the body 胰妥妁凸；胰

Word: perseverance
Front: perseverance
[ˌpɜ:sɪˈvɪərəns] (研托 13573/19125)
Vocabulary: perseverance
(once / 968 pages)
n
Perseverance is not giving up. It is persistence and tenacity, the effort required to do something and keep doing it till the end, even if it's hard.
Perseverance originally comes from the Latin perseverantia and means to abide by something strictly. This makes sense, because if you're doing something in spite of all the difficulty, you're being strict on yourself. Sailing around the world and climbing Mt. Everest are acts requiring perseverance. Even things like learning a new language require perseverance and daily practice.
WORD FAMILY
perseverance: perseverances+/ persevere: perseverance, perseveration, persevered, perseveres, persevering/persevering: perseveringly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Seasons are rarely coronations; they are more tests or perseverance.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
For perseverance through adversity, and for carrying himself with integrity, Pisacane is a deserving winner of the Guardian’s inaugural Footballer of The Year award.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
The Navy said it chose to name the ship in honor of Giffords because of the perseverance she showed after the shooting.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 毅力 ; 韧性; 不屈不挠的精神
分布：毅力(79%)，不屈不挠(15%)，坚韧不拔(6%)
坚持不懈(persevere坚持)[-ance表名词"性质,状况"]
【反】cessation of effort（停止努力）
US [ˌpɝ:.sə'vɪr.ənts] mainly approving
noun uncountable
■continued effort and determination 不屈不挠，坚持不懈
• Through hard work and perseverance, he worked his way up from being a teacher in a village school to the headmaster of a large comprehensive. 凭借努力工作和不懈进取，他从一名乡村学校的教师一直晋升，最终成为了一所大规模综合中学的校长。
n. 坚持不懈；不屈不挠
 - doggedness, tenacity

Word: popper
Front: popper
[ˈpɒpə(r)] (24895/23767)
Back: n. 发出砰的响声的人（或物），服药成瘾者
分布：服药成瘾者(37%)，弄出砰然(27%)，爆米花之容器(18%)，玻璃瓶(18%)
US ['pɑ:.pɚ] noun
FASTENER 纽扣
countable UK informal
■a press stud
UK ['pɒp.ər] US ['pɑ:.pɚ] noun
DRUG 毒品
countable usually plural slang
■the drug amyl nitrite , usually in a small container （一支）亚硝酸戊酯（毒品）
n. 服药成瘾者；发出啪声的人或物；爆竹；炮手；爆玉米花机
 - cracker, petard

Word: petrify
Front: petrify
[ˈpetrɪfaɪ] (托宝 38922/42984)
Vocabulary: petrify
(once / 1948 pages)
v
If you scare someone so much they can't move, you petrify them. Petrify is to make something like a stone or to literally turn to stone.
At the heart of the word petrify is the Latin word petra which means "stone." In the scientific sense, wood petrifies in an environment without oxygen, say when it is buried by lava, and minerals such as silica enter the wood and fill the cells, making it hard as stone. More commonly, something petrifies a person or an animal when it scares them very much. During thunderstorms, the dog is so petrified that it hides under the bed. If you are in a store when it is being robbed, you might be petrified too.
WORD FAMILY
petrify: petrifaction, petrification, petrified, petrifies, petrifying+/ petrifaction: petrifactions/ petrification: petrifications/petrifying: petrifyingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Crows soared above sandstone walls as we ran our hands along petrified sand dunes and felt cool mystery.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
She was petrified of being separated from her child but even more terrified of appearing timid before her comrades, whose approval she craved.
New York Times(Jan 12, 2012)
And then, about 10 minutes later, absolutely petrified.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 吓呆，使麻木
vt. 使吓呆，使惊呆
时态：petrified, petrifying, petrifies
分布：石化(42%)，使石化(35%)，使发呆(23%)
→来自拉丁语petra,石头，词源同petroleum,-fy,使。引申词义使石化，惊呆。
【记】petr石头，ify…化－石化；
verb
FRIGHTEN 使害怕
transitive
■to frighten someone a lot, especially so that they are unable to move or speak 把…吓呆，使惊呆
• I think you petrified poor Jeremy - he never said a word the whole time you were here. 我想你把可怜的杰瑞米吓呆了，你在这里的时候他一句话也没说。
['pet.rə.faɪ] verb
CHANGE TO STONE 变成石头
intransitive
■If dead things petrify, they change to a substance like stone over a long period of time. 变成石状物，石化

Word: purification
Front: purification
[ˌpjʊərɪfɪ'keɪʃn] (托 15434/15744)
Vocabulary: purification
(once / 2524 pages)
n
Purification is the removal of impure elements from something. After purification, water is safe to drink. Most cities have a system of water purification, so people get clean fresh drinking water without any parasites or goldfish in it.
Purification is when things are cleaned and made pure. Salt water must undergo purification before it's safe to drink. Some filters do a purification of the air to reduce allergens. In some religions, purification is the removal of sin, which is another type of cleansing. For example, sumo wrestlers throw salt in the ring for purification, as part of the tradition of the Shinto religion.
WORD FAMILY
purification: purifications+/purified: unpurified/purifier: purifiers/ purify: purification, purified, purifier, purifies, purifying/purifying: purifyingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
He urged his collaborators to undergo an ongoing process of spiritual purification guided by the gospel.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
The renewal, purification and strengthening of solid economic models depends on our own personal conversion and generosity to those in need.
Time(Dec 03, 2016)
Charity is mandated in Islam as an act of purification.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 20, 2016)
Back: n. 洗净; 涤罪; 提纯; （犹太妇女按教规在月经后行的）洁净礼
分布：净化(80%)，提纯(20%)
【记】pur源于pure纯化
【反】adulteration（n 掺杂）
US [ˌpjʊr-] noun uncountable
NOT MIXED 纯净
■the act of removing harmful substances from something 净化，精炼
• a water purification plant 净水厂
• an air purification system 空气净化系统
UK [ˌpjʊə.rɪ.fɪ'keɪ.ʃən] US [ˌpjʊr-] noun uncountable
MORALLY GOOD 道德高尚
■in some religions, the act of removing from a person, usually by a ceremony, the bad effects that they are suffering because they have broken a religious or moral law （某些宗教中的）涤罪，洗罪
n. 净化； [化工] 提纯；涤罪
 - distillation, decontamination

Word: prenatal
Front: prenatal
[ˌpri:ˈneɪtl] (11234/28971)
Vocabulary: prenatal
(once / 14538 pages)
adj
Use the adjective prenatal to describe something that happens prior to a baby's birth, like a special prenatal yoga class for pregnant women.
The word prenatal has been around since the 1830s, mostly as a medical term to describe the state of a pregnant woman or her fetus. The word is made up of pre, "before" in Modern Latin, and natal, which comes from natus, Latin for "to be born." There are prenatal vitamins, prenatal exercise classes, and prenatal checkups — all for women who are expecting babies. Interestingly, an anagram for prenatal is parental.
WORD FAMILY
prenatal: prenatally+/ natal: antenatal, natality, natally, neonatal, postnatal, prenatal
USAGE EXAMPLES
The state health department is offering a free test to any woman who is not yet enrolled in prenatal care by the second trimester.
Washington Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Prenatal professionals encourage women to concentrate on a focal point to keep them relaxed and concentrated on their breathing.
The Guardian(Dec 09, 2016)
Experts say a lack of prenatal care is a key contributor to preterm births and infant mortality.
Washington Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: adj. 出生前的，胎儿期的
分布：产前的(60%)，出生前的(33%)，=antenatal.(7%)
→pre-,在前，早于，预先，natal,生育的。
US [-tˌəl] adjective [before noun] US for antenatal
adj. [妇产] 产前的；胎儿期的； [医] 出生以前的
 - predelivery, antenatal

Word: postulate
Front: postulate
[ˈpɒstjuleɪt] (六托宝 13028/10534 -1)
Vocabulary: postulate
(once / 3420 pages)
vn
Assume something or present it as a fact and you postulate it. Physicists postulate the existence of parallel universes, which is a little mind-blowing.
Anyone who has suffered through geometry class is familiar with some of the greatest hits, like Euclid's postulate and the point-line-plane postulate. Those are propositions that have to be assumed for other mathematical statements to follow logically. As a verb (pronounced "POST-you-late") it describes the act of presenting an idea, theory, belief, or concept.
WORD FAMILY
postulate: postulated, postulates, postulating, postulation, postulator+/postulation: postulational, postulations/postulator: postulators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Kant’s key postulate was “the creation of an international community based on commerce and free trade.”
Time(Dec 12, 2016)
Although scientists have yet to calculate the final depth, they postulate that it is a number that has not been seen in almost a century.
Salon(Nov 05, 2016)
There was and has been no solutions postulated for the consequences of those actions.
New York Times(Oct 14, 2016)
Back: vt. 假定; 提出要求; 视…为理所当然
n. 假定; 先决条件; 基本原理
时态：postulated, postulating, postulates
分布：假定(72%)，要求(18%)，基本条件(10%)
→来自拉丁语postulare,要求，声称，断言，来自poscere,请求，紧急要求，-t,过去分词格，来自Proto-Italic*porsko,来自prek,要求，请求，词源同precarious,pray,可能来自per,向前，前行，词源同ford,proceed.引申词义假设，假定等。
要求;假定存在[postul=demand(要求)]
【记】原指：提名为主教，先假定一个人是主教的动作－假定
【区】expostulate（v 劝诫；忠告）
【反】deny as false（否认为假）
US [ˈpɑː.stjə-/
■to suggest a theory, idea, etc. as a basic principle from which a further idea is formed or developed 假定，假设
• [+ that] It was the Greek astronomer, Ptolemy, who postulated that the Earth was at the centre of the universe. 就是希腊天文学家托勒密假定地球是宇宙的中心。
formal
noun countable UK [ˈpɒs.tjʊ.lət] US [ˈpɑː.stjə-/
■an idea that is suggested or accepted as a basic principle before a further idea is formed or developed from it 假定，假设
presume, suppose, guess, postulate, assume
这组词都有“假设，猜想，推测”的意思，其区别是：
presume: 侧重以过去经验或根据现实的某些感觉把某事认定为是事实。
suppose: 常用词，意义较广泛，指缺乏确切事实，根据一些现象进行的推测，也可指为论证而提出合乎逻辑推理的某种假定，有时仅表示自己的意见。
guess: 常用词，指毫无根据仅凭个人主观臆断或碰运气的猜测。
postulate: 指为证实一个理论的正确性而进行的假设。
assume: 指有很少或完全无根据的武断推测或不合逻辑的推理。
vt. 假定；要求；视…为理所当然
 - require, exact, desire
n. 基本条件；假定
 - perhaps, assumption

Word: predisposition
Front: predisposition
[ˌpri:dɪspəˈzɪʃn] (雅宝 14376/20430)
Vocabulary: predisposition
(once / 7401 pages)
n
A predisposition is a tendency to do something. If you know you have a predisposition toward getting carsick, better to plan ahead and avoid eating before a long drive. Things could get ugly.
Predisposition comes from the Latin prae meaning "before," and disponere meaning "put in order, arrange, distribute." If you have a predisposition to think or act a certain way, you can anticipate your reaction before it happens. A genetic predisposition means you are likely to inherit a trait from your parents. Someone might have a genetic predisposition to diabetes or to another illness.
WORD FAMILY
predisposition: predispositions+/ disposable: disposables, nondisposable/ disposal: disposals/ dispose: disposable, disposal, disposed, disposes, disposing, disposition, indispose, predispose, redispose/disposed: disposedly/ disposition: dispositions/indispose: indisposed, indisposes, indisposing, indisposition/indisposition: indispositions/ predispose: predisposed, predisposes, predisposing, predisposition /redispose: redisposed, redisposes, redisposing, redisposition/redisposition: redispositions
USAGE EXAMPLES
With only themselves and their appetites as a guide, they bypass any information that doesn’t suit their predisposition and worldview.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
“There is a predisposition of the population to be very cautious.”
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
There must be some predisposition toward the "doorway" end of the spectrum along with the serendipity of the life experience that nurtures these innate impulses.
New York Times(Mar 27, 2013)
Back: n. 倾向，素质; 易染病体质
分布：倾向(90%)，癖性(10%)
→来自predispose,倾向于。
倾向,癖性(pre+disposition性情→性情预定→癖性)[pre-表示"…前的,预先"]
[ˌpri:.dɪ.spə'zɪʃ.ən] formal
noun countable
■the state of being likely to behave in a particular way or to suffer from a particular disease 倾向；禀性；（易患某种疾病的）体质
• She has an annoying predisposition to find fault. 她有爱挑毛病这一令人讨厌的习性。
• There is evidence that a predisposition to(wards) asthma runs in families. 有证据显示易患哮喘是家族遗传的。
n. 倾向；素质；易染病体质
 - tendency, liability, trend, preference, disposition

Word: reintroduction
Front: reintroduction
[,riɪntrə'dʌkʃən] (19966/22329)
Back: n. 再介绍，再引入
分布：重新引入(55%)，重新采用(45%)

Word: queer
Front: queer
[kwɪə(r)] (研四六托雅宝 11708/12553 -1)
Vocabulary: queer
(once / 196 pages)
1adj 2adjn 3v
Queer originally just meant "weird," but it's unfortunately evolved into an offensive term for "homosexual."
Like many words, queer has many meanings. One is "odd," as in "I feel kind of queer today." The other is "gay." Calling someone queer is a slur: it has about the same meaning and level of offensiveness as fag. As a verb, queering can mean to endanger or expose to risk, and also to hinder, thwart, foil, or baffle. As usual, you can figure out which meaning of queer someone intends by the other words around it.
WORD FAMILY
queer: queered, queerer, queerest, queering, queerly, queerness, queers+/queerness: queernesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was not coming from women, people of colour, or queer people organising for their civil rights, on campus or elsewhere.
The Guardian(Nov 30, 2016)
This was just another day on the internet, where people – disproportionately women, people of color and queer people – are harassed, abused, bullied, intimidated and threatened.
The Guardian(Nov 22, 2016)
It will be motivating and fortifying to see queer and trans artists respond to tyrannical opposition.
The Guardian(Nov 18, 2016)
Back: adj. 古怪的; 可疑的; 不适的; 〈俚〉同性恋的
n. <贬>同性恋者; 怪人; 伪造的货币
vt. 搞糟; 使陷于不利地位
时态：queered, queering, queers
分布：奇怪的(46%)，古怪的(35%)，可疑的(15%)，使陷入不利(2%)，把...弄糟(2%)
→来自德语quer,奇怪的，变态的，来自terkw,弯，转，词源同turn,torque.比喻用法，引申 词义同性恋。字母t,q 音变，比较quarter,tetragram.
a.奇怪的,古怪的The peer's queer peering is a sheer sneer.贵族的奇怪盯着看是完全讽笑.
【记】que缺，er耳：缺了一个耳朵－古怪的
US [kwɪr] adjective
HOMOSEXUAL 同性恋的 offensive
■(especially of a man) homosexual （尤指男子）同性恋的
UK [kwɪər] US [kwɪr] adjective
STRANGE 奇怪的 old-fashioned
■strange, unusual or not expected 怪异的，古怪的，异常的
• What a queer thing to say! 多么奇怪的事啊！
• I'm feeling rather queer (= ill) , may I sit down? 我感觉很不舒服，可以坐下吗？
UK [kwɪər] US [kwɪr] noun countable offensive
■a homosexual, especially a man 同性恋者；（尤指）男同性恋者
UK [kwɪər] US [kwɪr] verb UK informal
queer sb's pitch
■to spoil a chance or an opportunity for someone, often on purpose （故意）破坏（某人的）机会
• If she asks Ian for a pay rise before I do, it will probably queer my pitch. 要是她比我先向伊恩提出加薪的要求，那可能会毁了我加薪的机会。
eccentric, peculiar, strange, queer, curious, crazy, funny, odd, singular, quaint
这组词都有“奇怪的，奇异的，新奇的”的意思，其区别是：
eccentric: 指偏离常规的怪异或怪癖。
peculiar: 侧重令人奇怪的或独一无二的特性，也指性格特征方面显著的与众不同之处。
strange: 普通常用词，含义广泛，指陌生新奇、奇怪、奇怪或不自然的人或物。
queer: 指一种无法解释的怪诞，强调事物的奇特和不可思议。
curious: 通常指非常特别或能引起注意、研究或探索的奇特。
crazy: 多指与众不同的行为、外表或人与物本身，含荒唐可笑或神经不正常的意味。
funny: 较通俗用词，指奇怪得滑稽可笑或反常。
odd: 通常指不规律、偶尔出现的人或事物，往往令人困惑或奇怪。
singular: 通常指异常或奇特，暗含不同于一般。
quaint: 指古色古香，会人感到既奇怪又有趣。
adj. 奇怪的；同性恋的；不舒服的；心智不平衡的
 - strange, uncomfortable
vt. 搞糟；使陷于不利地位
 - make a mess of, foul up
n. 同性恋者；怪人；伪造的货币
 - put, gay

Word: pussy
Front: pussy
[ˈpʊsi] (14353/17220 -1)
Vocabulary: pussy
(once / 3223 pages)
1n 2adj
Pussy can be an affectionate term for a kitty-cat, a dirty word for a woman’s private parts, or an adjective that describes something that contains pus — that oozing yellow stuff that comes out of a cut.
You might have heard your elderly neighbor refer to her cat as a "pussycat." And in her most tender moments, you might have heard her in the yard, saying, “Here, pussy-pussy.” That’s because pussy is another word for cat. It’s also a word for a woman’s genitals. Generally, it’s considered offensive when it refers to a woman’s body. It’s probably not a word you should say to your math teacher or your mother. Unless you’re talking about the neighbor’s cat.
WORD FAMILY
pussy: pussies, pussily
USAGE EXAMPLES
Can you walk me through how you were able to vote for a man who talked about grabbing women “by the pussy”?
The Guardian(Nov 28, 2016)
Someone yells “grab that pussy,” and the table erupts.
Washington Post(Nov 23, 2016)
After a beat, she adds, “I can’t believe you just said ‘finger up her pussy.’ ”
The New Yorker(Nov 16, 2016)
Back: n. 猫咪; 〈侮辱〉阴道
adj. 多脓的，似脓的
分布：小猫(48%)，多脓的(31%)，少女(21%)
→来自puss,猫咪，-y,表亲昵。后引申俚语词义女阴。
noun
CAT 猫
■a pussy cat 小猫
['pʊs.i] noun
WOMEN 女人
countable offensive
■a woman's vagina 女性的阴部
uncountable offensive
■sex with a woman 与女人性交
n. 猫咪；阴门
 - kitty, cunnus

Word: rend
Front: rend
[rend] (托宝 27164/34294)
Vocabulary: rend
(once / 1284 pages)
v
The verb rend means to tear with force or violence, or into many pieces. Your parents won't be happy if your new kitten decides to rend their brand new curtains with her tiny claws.
Tear, rip, and rend are all synonyms, but it's a question of degree. Of the three, rend implies the most violent separation. You can also use rend figuratively to express great emotional distress or to describe a sharp, piercing sound. If you're betrayed by a friend, it rends your heart right out of your chest.
WORD FAMILY
rend: rended, rending, rends+/rending: rendingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Populists fanning irrational fears risk rending Europe’s economic fabric, Mr. Pan said.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 06, 2016)
The words are spoken quietly, but they rend the air like a siren.
New York Times(Nov 13, 2016)
“We were waiting and listening as for a bolt from the sky, which should rend the fetters of four millions of slaves,” Douglass recalled.
The New Yorker(Nov 13, 2016)
Back: vt. 撕碎; 分裂; （因愤怒、痛苦等而）揪扯（衣服或头发等）; （声音等）刺破
vi. 撕开，裂开，分裂
时态：rent, rending, rends
分布：分裂(34%)，强夺(28%)，撕破(19%)，劈开(19%)
→来自古英语 hrendan,撕开，撕裂，来自 West Germanic*randijan,撕开，词源同 rand,rind.
【记】r，end：撕裂一个人，他就end了。Rend后需要mend
【反】unite（v 联合；团结）；mend＝repair（v 修理）
[rend] (rent or US ALSO rended, rent or US ALSO rended)
verb transitive old use or literary
■to tear or break something violently （用力）撕碎，打碎
• With one stroke of his sword, he rent his enemy's helmet in two. 他一剑将敌人的头盔劈成两半。
• [+ adj] Firemen had to rend him free (= pull him out) of the burning car. 消防员不得不将他从燃烧的轿车中强行拖出。
• figurative A terrifying scream rent the air. 一声可怕的尖叫划破天空。
vt. 撕碎；分裂；强夺
 - rip up, tear to pieces

Word: raffle
Front: raffle
[ˈræfl] (宝 21384/10312 -1)
Vocabulary: raffle
(once / 9271 pages)
nv
A raffle is a type of contest in which you buy a ticket for a chance to win a prize. After the tickets are sold, a drawing determines which ticket holds the winning number. People raffle off everything from fruit baskets to cars.
You might enter a raffle at a school gathering, a fair, or another event. The proceeds from selling raffle tickets often go toward a good cause, like a charity. When a group holds a raffle, you can also say that they raffle the prizes off — your French club might raffle off a bicycle to raise money for your trip to Montreal, for example. A raffle was originally "a dice game."
WORD FAMILY
raffle: raffled, raffling
USAGE EXAMPLES
There were 67 extra winners in addition to the normal 21 prizes owing to a raffle draw celebrating Team GB's success at the Rio Olympics.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
The Trump Organization regularly donates golf outings to local charities for raffle prizes and silent auctions, she added.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Worried about a crush of spectators, the court last week raffled admission tickets.
Seattle Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. 废物，垃圾; 抽彩出售
vt. 以抽彩方式出售; 加入抽彩
vi. 抽彩
时态：raffled, raffling, raffles
分布：废物(51%)，垃圾(33%)，抽奖售物(16%)
→来自古法语 rafle,骰子赌博，抢劫，劫掠，来自 Proto-Germanic*khrap,抢走，抓走，拔出，可 能来自 skerb,sker,砍，切，词源同 shear,sharp.比喻用法。拼写比较 ring,来自 sker, 弯，转，词源同 curve.
【记】读：rifle（n 步枪），总是raffle失败，只好用rifle抢了。
noun countable
■an activity in which people buy tickets with different numbers, some of which are later chosen to win prizes, which is arranged in order to make money for a good social purpose （为社会公益事业进行的）抽彩（活动）
• a raffle ticket /prize 抽奖奖券／奖品
• I have never won anything in a raffle. 我从来没在抽奖中赢得过任何奖品。
['ræf.l] verb transitive
■to offer something as a prize in a raffle （兑奖售物活动中）以…为奖品
• We are going to raffle off a car for the hospital appeal. 为了回应医院的呼吁，我们将用兑奖购物的办法出售一辆汽车。
⇒ See also draw
n. 废物；抽彩售货
 - waste, refuse, garbage, junk

Word: retinal
Front: retinal
['retɪnl] (20185/26384)
Back: adj. 视网膜的
分布：视网膜的(100%)

Word: ropy
Front: ropy
[ˈrəupi] (32762/40909)
Back: adj. 绳状的; 成粘丝的; 肌肉发达的; <英口>质量差的
级别：ropier, ropiest
分布：可拉成丝的(28%)，粗糙的(18%)，粘稠的(18%)，强壮的(18%)，似绳索的(18%)
→来自 rope,绳子，-y,形容词后缀。即绳子的，不结实的，质量差的。
adj. 绳状的；黏稠的，可拉成丝的；强健的
 - robust, funiform

Word: roadmap
Front: roadmap
['rod,mæp] (27190/-)
Back: n. 路标
n. 路标（等于road map）
 - street sign, signpost

Word: ruckus
Front: ruckus
[ˈrʌkəs] (19870/46344)
Vocabulary: ruckus
(once / 21144 pages)
n
When you raise a ruckus you make a lot of noise. A ruckus can be the sound of an argument, the noise of soccer fans celebrating a victory, or it could be two-year-olds banging on pots and pans.
Ruckus sounds like what it means — loud and maybe a little rowdy. A ruckus is the uproar you cause when you noisily protest the new cafeteria menu or a bad call against your favorite team. Cats fighting outside your window in the middle of the night could also cause a ruckus. You can also raise a quiet ruckus with your letters to the editor or silent sit-ins that instantly go viral.
WORD FAMILY
ruckus: ruckuses
USAGE EXAMPLES
He put on MMA cards in the past year around West Virginia called Ruckus in the Cage, mostly with amateurs.
Washington Times(Dec 02, 2016)
Not the usual ecstatic ruckus a ship chock-full of broken women, recently freed, will make.
The New Yorker(Nov 12, 2016)
The divestitures are expected to include Wi-Fi device maker Ruckus Wireless, which Brocade agreed to buy in April for $1.2 billion.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 02, 2016)
Back: n. 争吵，喧闹
分布：骚动(54%)，喧闹(46%)
→可能来自 ruction 和 rumpus 的合成词。
['rʌk.əs] mainly US informal
noun countable usually singular
■a noisy situation or argument; a rumpus 喧闹；骚乱；高声争吵
n. 骚动；喧闹
 - combustion, turmoil

Word: repossession
Front: repossession
[ˌri:pəˈzeʃn] (37231/16751 -1)
Back: n. 取回，恢复; 重新占有
noun countable or uncountable
■when someone takes something back something, or the thing that is taken back 收回，取回；重新占有，重新拥有；被收回的东西
• house/mortgage repossessions 收回房屋／按揭贷款
n. 恢复；取回
 - recovery, restoration, retrieval, renewal, resumption

Word: salacious
Front: salacious
[səˈleɪʃəs] (22453/33139)
Vocabulary: salacious
(once / 20414 pages)
adj
Something salacious is full of juicy details — but they're the kind of raunchy, lusty, dirty details you probably don't want to hear.
Implying a certain kind of moral looseness, salacious is often used to describe nasty gossip, obscene reports and steamy tales. Salacious things are usually not fit for general public consumption and probably need some kind of parental guidance warning. Think of the tawdry accounts of some politician's affair with a staffer, or a particularly sex-filled reality show on TV.
WORD FAMILY
salacious: salaciously, salaciousness+/salacity: salacious, salacities
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s not meant to be salacious or gossipy or anything like that.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Wrestling’s cartoon violence and sometimes salacious story lines could attract unwanted attention from the government.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
For the media, it was Bonnie and Clyde and Clyde – offering the salacious possibility of a murderous menage a trois.
The Guardian(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 色情的，淫荡的; 猥; 猥亵; 淫秽
分布：淫荡的(52%)，好色的(48%)
→来自拉丁语 salax,性欲旺盛的，来自 salire,跳，词源同 salient,sally,result.-acious,形容词后缀， 词源同 sagacious.比喻用法，引申词义性交。
好色的(sal跳→见到女人就跳起来→好色)[-acious表形容词"有特征的,多...的"]
【记】sala沙拉，ci，ous多：沙拉吃的多的人肯定总是和女士一起吃饭，所以是好色的
[sə'leɪ.ʃəs] disapproving
adjective
■causing or showing a strong interest in sexual matters 淫秽的；好色的；淫荡的
• a salacious film/book/joke/comment 淫秽电影／书籍／玩笑／评论
adj. 好色的；猥亵的；淫荡的
 - salt, lascivious

Word: scrum
Front: scrum
[skrʌm] (29730/10789 -1)
Back: n. 并列争球; 扭打，混乱; 争夺
v. 参加并列争球
分布：多而乱的一群人(50%)，疯狂的马(50%)
noun
countable (also scrummage)
■in the sport of rugby, a group of attacking players from each team who come together with their heads down and arms joined, and push against each other, trying to take control of the ball （英式橄榄球运动中的）并列争球
only singular
■when a group of people push each other to get to a place or obtain something 挤；争夺
n. 扭打，混乱；并列争球
 - chaos, disorder, confusion, involvement, mix

Word: serenity
Front: serenity
[sə'renətɪ] (托 12707/15145)
Vocabulary: serenity
(once / 1220 pages)
n
The goal of meditation is to reach a state of serenity, when your mind is still and perfectly calm. Use serenity to mean the quality or state of being calm and peaceful.
It is hard to believe that the ocean, whipped by winds during a storm, can ever return to a state of serenity, where its surface looks like glass. Serenity is from Latin serenus "calm, peaceful" plus the suffix -itas. The first part of the word is the English adjective serene, which means calm and peaceful. The Latin suffix corresponds to our English suffix -ity and has the meaning "quality or state."
WORD FAMILY
serenity: serenities
USAGE EXAMPLES
The organisation’s website says it promotes “goodwill, understanding, compassion and serenity”.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
After attempts to get Miller to surrender failed throughout the night, state police approached his Lake Serenity Road home at about 6 a.m.
Washington Times(Dec 09, 2016)
“I’m a big believer in the Serenity Prayer,” she said when asked about losing sleep since Nov. 8.
New York Times(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: n. 安详; 宁静; 尊贵的阁下; 平静
分布：宁静(90%)，沉着(10%)
【记】源于：serene（adj 平静的），se死，ren人，e：死人的状态－平静。
【参】serenade（n 向某人表达敬意或爱意的赞美性小夜曲）
【反】havoc（n 大破坏；混乱）；furor（n 激怒；狂热）；Pandemonium（n 混战场；喧嚣）；tumult（n 吵闹；骚动）；Bedlam（n 混乱）；riot（n 暴乱；骚动）；Vociferous（adj 喊叫的）/tumultuous（adj 喧嚣的）－serene（adj 平静的）
ADJ-GRADED
平静的;宁静的;安详的
Someone or something that is serene is calm and quiet.
例：She looked as calm and serene as she always did...她看上去和以往一样平静安详。
例：He didn't speak much, he just smiled with that serene smile of his.他话不多,只是脸上露出他招牌式的淡定的微笑。
n. 平静，宁静；晴朗，风和日丽
 - equilibrium, tranquility

Word: savoury
Front: savoury
[ˈseɪvəri] (-/18810 -1)
Back: adj. 可口的; 咸味的，辣味的; 令人愉快的
n. 美味小盘菜肴
分布：咸味的(58%)，咸味小吃(28%)，美味可口的(14%)
US [-vɚ-] adjective
■Savoury food is salty or spicy and not sweet in taste 咸的；辛辣的
• savoury dumplings/pancakes 咸汤圆／薄饼
■If you say that something is not savoury, you mean that it is not pleasant or socially acceptable 令人愉快的；名声好的；受欢迎的
• That hotel doesn't have a very savoury reputation. 那家旅馆的声誉不太好。
adj. 可口的；开胃的；令人愉快的
 - pleasant, lovely, delicious, grateful

Word: salience
Front: salience
['seɪljəns] (18800/26871)
Vocabulary: salience
(once / 107449 pages)
n
Salience means importance. Your birthday will always be a date that jumps out at you with a lot of salience or importance.
Salience comes from the Latin salire, meaning "to leap." Something with salience leaps out at you because it is unique or special in some way. This could be an issue — like health care reform, or a day — like 9/11, or even something someone said — like the State of the Union address. If it jumps out at you as remarkable or special, it's characterized by a quality of salience.
WORD FAMILY
salience: saliences+/saliency: saliencies/ salient: salience, saliency, saliently, salients
USAGE EXAMPLES
Indeed, its political salience is precisely what renders race so reliably non-perishable.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
As to the first question, the explanation is quite simple: During protracted wars, traditional standards for measuring generalship lose their salience.
Salon(Dec 01, 2016)
In examining the relationship between white identity and ethnic diversity, we chose to focus on an ethnic minority of particular salience in contemporary politics: Hispanics.
Salon(Oct 23, 2016)
Back: n. 突出，特点
分布：显著(46%)，突出(32%)，卓越(22%)
ADJ-GRADED
最重要的;显著的;突出的
The salient points or facts of a situation are the most important ones.
例：He read the salient facts quickly...他快速浏览了重要的事实。
例：Chronic fatigue is also one of the salient features of depression.慢性疲劳也是抑郁症的显著特点之一。
N-COUNT
突出阵线，突出部(战线向敌人阵地推进的狭小范围)
A salient is a narrow area where an army has pushed its front line forward into enemy territory.
例：The soldiers had to remain in a deathtrap salient for most of the rest of the war.随后的战争中，士兵们大部分时间只能呆在最危险的突出阵地里。
n. 显著（等于saliency）；突出；卓越
 - projection, prominence

Word: scythe
Front: scythe
[saɪð] (宝 23647/19584)
Vocabulary: scythe
(once / 2440 pages)
nv
A scythe is a sharp, curved blade used for mowing or reaping. While farmers use it to cut plants, the grim reaper uses it to, well, scare you to death.
In Old English, scythe was spelled siðe. Since there is no longer an ð in modern English, scythe became the accepted form of the word in the early 15th century. It drew its sc- start from the Latin scissor, meaning “carver, cutter.” Farmers use these tools to slice and trim grass and other plant stalks. Napoleon Bonaparte once noted that “Occupation is the scythe of time,” meaning that work mows down or diminishes time.
WORD FAMILY
scythe: scythed, scythes, scything
USAGE EXAMPLES
Anite Figaro remembers the night her isolated mountain community fled their homes in October as Hurricane Matthew scythed across south-west Haiti.
The Guardian(Dec 13, 2016)
Frank Graves describes the machine guns and watching lines of men being "cut down like grass from a scythe".
BBC(Nov 15, 2016)
The 2010 and 2014 wave elections, like scythes in a wheat field, decapitated a rising generation of potential party leaders.
Washington Post(Nov 09, 2016)
Back: n. （长柄）大镰刀
vt. 用大镰刀割
时态：scythed, scything, scythes
分布：长柄的大镰刀(50%)，以大镰刀割(50%)
→来自古英语 sigthi,镰刀，来自 Proto-Germanic*segithoz,切割工具，来自 sek,砍，词源同 segment,section.
【记】scy＝sci切，the：用来切小麦的东西－镰刀
noun countable
■a tool with a long sharp curved blade and a long handle held in two hands, used especially to cut long grass （尤指割草用的）长柄大镰刀 Compare sickle
[saɪð] verb
transitive
■to cut using a scythe 用长柄大镰刀割
intransitive + adverb or preposition
■to move very quickly through a group of people or things 高速穿过
• The racing car left the track at 120 mph and scythed through the crowd of spectators, killing ten. 赛车以每小时120哩的速度脱离跑道，冲进观赛人群，导致十人丧生。

Word: sequoia
Front: sequoia
[sɪˈkwɔɪə] (23779/31227)
Back: n. 红杉
分布：红杉(80%)，巨杉(20%)
→一种美洲大型红杉，命名来自 Sequoya,北美印第安民族 Cherokee 的一位语言学者，为该民 族发明了文字，后以其命名以表达对他的尊敬。-ia,表类属，如 gardenia,栀子花。
noun countable
■a large Californian evergreen (= never losing its leaves) tree that can reach a height of more than 90 metres （产于美国加州的）红杉
n. 红杉（产于美国加州）
 - redwood

Word: smiley
Front: smiley
[ˈsmaɪli] (21495/38255)
Back: adj. <口>微笑的，高兴的
n. 笑容符（用∶-）表示)
分布：微笑的(100%)
→来自 smile 亲昵用法。
noun countable
■an emoticon (= a sideways image of a face, consisting of keyboard symbols, which is used in emails to express emotions) （电子邮件中用键盘符号构成的）笑脸
['smaɪ.li] adjective (smilier, smiliest) informal
■A smiley person or someone who has a smiley face looks friendly and smiles a lot. 笑容可掬的，笑容满面的
adj. 微笑的；引起微笑的
 - rident, agrin

Word: serum
Front: serum
[ˈsɪərəm] (9974/4917 -1)
Vocabulary: serum
(once / 2539 pages)
n
Technically, serum is the part of blood that doesn’t clot, or any kind of “watery animal fluid.” But serum as skincare refers to watery fluid made of almost anything designed to make skin more beautiful. No animals involved.
The medical term serum is used to describe the watery component of blood that's left behind when blood clots or coagulates. The serum of someone who's recovered from a disease is sometimes used to treat patients who fall ill with the same disease. Antibodies in the serum can fight off the virus or bacteria that caused the illness. In Latin, serum means "watery fluid." That’s what cosmetic companies have in mind when they sell various face serums.
WORD FAMILY
serum: antiserum, sera, serous, serums+/antiserum: antiserums/serous: serously
USAGE EXAMPLES
“We are here with my wife, waiting for the DNA results,” he said in an interview with the Italian daily Corriere della Sera.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Often there is a fundamental misunderstanding of what hypnosis is, said Sera Lavelle, a psychologist who incorporates hypnotherapy into her practice in New York.
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
The analysis involved looking at archived serum samples, many nearly 40 years old, from studies that were discontinued long ago.
Washington Post(Oct 26, 2016)
Back: n. <医>血清，血浆; 浆液，树液; 乳清
分布：血清(97%)，浆液(2%)，乳浆(1%)
→来自拉丁语 serum,液状物，乳清，乳浆，来自 ser,流动，词源同 stream,rheum.引申词义 血清。
US ['sɪr.əm] (plural serums or sera)
noun countable or uncountable
■the watery, colourless part of the blood, or this liquid taken from an animal and put into a human in order to fight an infection 血清
• cholesterol levels in blood serum 血清中的胆固醇标准
• an anti-venom serum 抗蛇毒血清
■a substance in beauty products that is designed to improve your hair or skin and make it less dry 血清（美容产品中的一种物质，用于改善头发或皮肤，减少干燥情况）
n. [免疫] 血清；浆液；免疫血清；乳清；树液
 - sera, lymph

Word: shoplifting
Front: shoplifting
[ˈʃɒplɪftɪŋ] (17711/21311)
Back: n. 商店行窃
v. 在商店偷窃( shoplift的现在分词 )
分布：入店行窃(92%)，动词shoplift的现在分词形式.(8%)
→shop,商店，lift,小偷小摸。
US ['ʃɑ:p-] noun uncountable
■the illegal act of taking goods from a shop without paying for them 商店行窃； 佯装顾客偷窃； 顺手牵羊
• He was charged with shoplifting. 他被控在商店行窃。

Word: termite
Front: termite
[ˈtɜ:maɪt] (托宝 11828/17526)
Back: n. 白蚁
分布：白蚁(100%)
白蚁(直接来自拉丁文termes白蚁)[-ite 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人或物"3.表动词"促成"]
【记】读：透明体－透明的蚂蚁－白蚁
US ['tɝ:-] (also white ant)
noun countable
■a small white tropical insect which eats wood 白蚁
n. [昆] 白蚁
 - white ant

Word: teaser
Front: teaser
[ˈti:zə(r)] (21583/33270)
Vocabulary: teaser
(once / 13206 pages)
1n 2n 3n 4n
The nearly impossible puzzle your math teacher gives for extra credit can be called a teaser — a tricky problem to solve.
A mystifying problem is one kind of teaser — another is a person who loves to tease. Your nose-grabbing, practical joking uncle is a teaser, especially if he enjoys gently mocking or making fun of you. Yet another teaser is the kind that opens a TV show — sort of a sneak preview of the story to come. This is closest to the original meaning of teaser, from 1934, "an introductory advertisement or sample."
WORD FAMILY
teaser: teasers+/ tease: teased, teaser, teases, teasing/teasing: teasingly, teasings
USAGE EXAMPLES
A teaser photo of the car shows a more rakish, sportier look, something the Camry has lacked for years.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Her new mixtape, ‘Nightride,” was two years in the making and is a teaser for her upcoming studio album “Joyride.”
Los Angeles Times(Nov 30, 2016)
The teaser for this year’s event hints at deals that may include discounts on specific gadgets rather than just gift cards.
Time(Nov 22, 2016)
Back: n. 戏弄者，喜欢戏弄别人的人; 棘手的问题
分布：难题(51%)，戏弄者(27%)，起绒机(13%)，起绒工人(9%)
→来自 tease,逗弄。引申词义难题，棘手的问题。
US [-zɚ] noun countable
■a brainteaser
n. 戏弄者；强求者
 - jeerer

Word: tedium
Front: tedium
[ˈti:diəm] (托宝 21125/18839)
Vocabulary: tedium
(once / 569 pages)
n
Tedium is the state of being really bored while doing something repetitive. You may loathe the tedium of eating dinner with the family — after all, what is more boring than talking to mom and dad, especially if you could be texting friends?
The noun tedium comes from the Latin root word taedere, meaning to weary of, and that's still what tedium means today: bored and weary of it all. The noun can also mean a tedious period of time — school concerts and assemblies are always two hours of tedium. Tedious is a related adjective form of the word. In order to relieve the tedium of homework, you should pick less tedious tasks, try fencing or painting to add some excitement to the day.
WORD FAMILY
tedium: tedious, tediums+/ tedious: tediousest, tediously, tediousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
So when she finally agreed to another bout, Rousey was allowed to bypass the usual scrutiny and tedium.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
But he said he preferred over-preparation, to the point of mild tedium, over cramming.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Some hoped to escape from drugs, from tedium, from familial expectations.
Washington Post(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 单调乏味，令人生厌，冗长
分布：沉闷(54%)，单调乏味(46%)
→来自拉丁语 taedium,冗长，乏味，来自 teadere,使乏味，使厌倦。
noun uncountable
■when you feel bored 单调乏味
• Soldiers often say that the worst thing about fighting is not the moments of terror, but all the hours of tedium in between. 士兵们常说，打仗最糟糕的不是感到恐惧的时刻，而是打仗间歇漫长而无聊的时光。
n. 沉闷；单调乏味；厌烦
 - heavy-footedness, oppression

Word: turncoat
Front: turncoat
[ˈtɜ:nkəʊt] (宝 27617/43285)
Vocabulary: turncoat
(once / 20628 pages)
n
Someone who betrays his country during a war would be called a turncoat. If you suddenly start supporting a rival sports team, you might be called a turncoat, too. A turncoat is a traitor.
Turncoat comes from the ancient practice of wearing a badge or pin on one's coat signifying the party or leader you supported. By "turning your coat" you quite literally hid your allegiance to others. Often used interchangeably with defector, and while they are similar they are not quite the same. Turncoat is worse: it implies no possibility of any good or honest motive. Defector can at least sometimes have a neutral or even positive implication.
WORD FAMILY
turncoat: turncoats
USAGE EXAMPLES
He was pilloried on social media as a turncoat.
Washington Times(Dec 11, 2016)
“They’re turncoats,” said Terry Gravely, a 72-year-old Trump supporter at a Pence rally in Fletcher, N.C. “They will regret it.”
Los Angeles Times(Oct 15, 2016)
But the Taliban has denounced the agreement and labeled Hekmatyar a criminal and turncoat for making the pact with “occupying forces.”
Washington Post(Oct 03, 2016)
Back: n. 背叛者，变节者
分布：变节者(64%)，背叛者(36%)
【记】turn翻转，coat衣服：变成叛徒。
【反】constancy（n 不屈不挠）
US ['tɝ:n-] disapproving
noun countable
■a person who changes from one opinion to an opposite one in a way which shows they are not loyal to people who share the original opinion 变节者，叛徒
n. 变节者；背叛者
 - defector, flopper

Word: triangulation
Front: triangulation
[traɪˌæŋgjuˈleɪʃn] (21578/36816)
Back: n. 三角测量，分成三角形; 推论
分布：三角测量法(100%)
[traɪˌæŋ.gjʊ'leɪ.ʃən] specialized
noun uncountable
■the division of a map or plan into triangles for measurement purposes, or the calculation of positions and distances using this method （对地图或平面图的）三角剖分，三角测量

Word: townspeople
Front: townspeople
[ˈtaʊnzpi:pl] (13886/22315)
Back: n. 市民，镇民，城里人; 市井之流
分布：市民(72%)，镇民(28%)
(also townsfolk)
plural noun
■people who live in a particular town, considered as a group 镇民；市民
• The townspeople have raised $9 million for a new museum. 市民为建造一座新的博物馆已经筹集了900万美元。
■people who live in towns rather than in the countryside 城里人
n. 市民；镇民；城里生长的人
 - citizen, municipality

Word: toothed
Front: toothed
[tu:θt] (托 29151/25436)
Back: adj. 有齿的，锯齿状的
分布：有齿的(44%)，锯齿的(28%)，锯齿状的(28%)
adj. 有齿的；锯齿状的；凛冽的
 - dentigerous, serrate

Word: transact
Front: transact
[trænˈzækt] (托 25974/20549)
Vocabulary: transact
(once / 257 pages)
v
The verb transact is almost always used with the word "business." To transact business is to conduct it, as when a shopkeeper sells groceries to a customer.
All kinds of business owners and workers transact business, just by following their usual routines of selling, buying, investing, trading, or anything else they do to carry out their work. Shoppers also participate in transacting business — a purchase can also be called a transaction. The Latin root word, transactus, means "to drive through or accomplish."
WORD FAMILY
transact: transacted, transacting, transaction, transactor, transacts+/ transaction: transactions/transactor: transactors
USAGE EXAMPLES
"A lot of money has been transacted. It's been going on for a few years."
Reuters(Nov 29, 2016)
The California Department of Insurance launched an investigation in 2015 after receiving complaints that Zenefits employees were transacting insurance without a license.
Reuters(Nov 28, 2016)
Mangal Singh, a furniture store owner, said nearly 80 percent of his business was transacted in cash, even though he accepts credit card payments.
Reuters(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 办理（业务等）
v. 交易，谈判
时态：transacted, transacting, transacts
分布：办理(50%)，交易(25%)，进行(18%)，谈判(7%)
→tran-,转移，进入，act,做，行为。引申词义交易，买卖等。
做交易;办理(trans横＋act→横向动→互相贸易或交易)[act=to do,to drive表示"行动,做"]
[træn'zækt] formal
verb transitive
■to do and complete a business activity 做（生意）；办理（业务）
• The sale was transacted in conditions of the greatest secrecy. 这笔交易是在极其保密的状态下进行。
vi. 交易；谈判
 - trade, traffic, exchange
vt. 办理；处理
 - to handle, cope with

Word: unacknowledged
Front: unacknowledged
[ˌʌnəkˈnɒlɪdʒd] (22395/19840)
Back: adj. 不被承认的，未答复的
分布：未答复的(52%)，不被人承认的(12%)，未得赏识的(12%)，未得回敬的(12%)，未意识到的(12%)
adj. 不被承认的，未公开承认的；未答复的
 - unanswered

Word: unheeded
Front: unheeded
[ʌnˈhi:dɪd] (25606/21395)
Back: adj. 未被注意的，被忽视的
分布：未被注意的(80%)，忽视的(20%)
adj. 被忽视的；未被注意的
 - ignored, neglected, unnoticed

Word: unbeliever
Front: unbeliever
[ˌʌnbɪˈli:və(r)] (-/24848)
Back: n. 无信仰者， （尤指）不信上帝、宗教等的人
分布：异教徒(59%)，不相信者(31%)，不信仰者(10%)
US [-vɚ] noun countable
■a person who does not have any religious beliefs 无宗教信仰者，不信教者
• Most church schools are open to unbelievers. 大多数教会学校都招收不信教的人。
n. 异教徒；无信仰的人；不相信者
 - pagandom, goy

Word: unattended
Front: unattended
[ˌʌnəˈtendɪd] (16293/14775)
Back: adj. 无人陪伴的; 无人出席的; 无人照顾的; 未被注意的
分布：无人出席的(38%)，没人照顾的(25%)，未被注意的(25%)，无陪伴的(12%)
adjective
■not being watched or taken care of 无人看管的；无人照料的
• Please do not leave your luggage unattended. 请不要丢下您的行李无人照管。
• According to the report, most accidents occur when young children are left unattended in the home. 根据报告，大多数事故发生在孩子被独自留在家里的时候。
adj. 无侍从的；没人照顾的，未被注意的；（会议等）无人出席的；（疾病）未治疗的；无伴的
 - unnoticed, unmarked

Word: unwitting
Front: unwitting
[ʌnˈwɪtɪŋ] (宝 18400/20292 -1)
Vocabulary: unwitting
(once / 1957 pages)
adj
Use the adjective unwitting to describe someone who doesn't know certain important information, such as unwitting computer users who don't know that an online shopping site is tracking all their activity.
Unwitting can also describe something you do almost automatically, like the unwitting way you double-check that the door is locked when leaving the house. It can also indicate that something is done without intention, like an unwitting arrival at a by-invitation-only event. Wit means "clever," so something that is unwitting is not clever.
WORD FAMILY
unwitting: unwittingly+/witting: unwitting, wittingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Old Bailey heard the high-profile convoys led by the Muslim community became unwitting vehicles for the plan to fund terrorism.
BBC(Dec 23, 2016)
While many celebrities serve as brand endorsers, unwitting or not, others are trying to become the brand.
New York Times(Dec 10, 2016)
He described Ménard as “naive”, an unwitting accomplice who was “swept up” in the fraud before confessing to it in December 2013.
The Guardian(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: adj. 不知道的，未觉察的; 无意的
vt. 使精神错乱(unwit的ing形式); 使丧失智能
分布：不知情的(73%)，无意的(27%)
【记】un不，witting（adj 有意的）：不是有意的
【反】conscious（adj 有意识的）
US [-'wɪtˌ-] formal
adjective [before noun]
■without knowing or planning 不知情的；无意的
• The two women claimed they were the unwitting victims of a drugs dealer who planted a large quantity of heroin in their luggage. 这两个妇女声称是一个毒贩在她们不知情的情况下把大量的海洛因放进了她们的行李。
adj. 不知情的；不知不觉的，无意的
 - uninitiated, involuntary

Word: upscale
Front: upscale
[ˌʌpˈskeɪl] (托 8277/-)
Vocabulary: upscale
(once / 7802 pages)
adj
Things that are upscale are made for rich people — they are high class, well made, or just plain pricey.
If your friend takes you to a fancy, expensive restaurant for your birthday, you can describe it using the word upscale. Upscale neighborhoods are full of lovely, high-priced homes, and upscale vacations might involve yachts, exotic beaches, and private planes. Upscale is the opposite of downscale, which you could use to describe a run-down motel or a grubby, cheap diner. Both adjectives first came into use in the mid-1960's.
WORD FAMILY
upscale
USAGE EXAMPLES
Prices for the wild-caught, “natural Japanese” eels served at upscale restaurants like Nodaiwa climbed even higher, by as much as fifty or sixty per cent.
The New Yorker(Jan 02, 2017)
Nearly two-thirds of the dead in the upscale club, which is frequented by local celebrities, were foreigners, Turkey’s Anadolu Agency said.
Time(Jan 02, 2017)
In New Delhi and many other cities, newspapers are full of big advertisements for lavish parties at upscale hotels and restaurants.
Time(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. 升高一级，升档，迎合（高层次消费者）
adj. 高档的，高收入的，销售对象为高收入者的
分布：高端的(32%)，高消费的(20%)，提升(16%)，高级地(12%)，提高(12%)，高消费地(8%)
adjective US for upmarket
adj. 迎合高层次消费者的；质优价高的
 - upmarket

Word: unperturbed
Front: unperturbed
[ˌʌnpəˈtɜ:bd] (24109/20210)
Vocabulary: unperturbed
(once / 11988 pages)
adj
If you stay calm and unruffled most of the time, you can say you're generally unperturbed. Your cat might be unperturbed by the noise of the vacuum cleaner, while it makes your dog hide under the bed and tremble.
People who are unperturbed aren't bothered or worried. You might be unperturbed by the scary noises your old house makes at night, because you know it's just the wind. Some people are terrified of flying on airplanes, while most remain completely unperturbed, even during bumpy, turbulent flights. When you're perturbed, you're bothered, from the Latin root perturbare, "to confuse, disorder, or disturb." When you're unperturbed, you stay cool.
WORD FAMILY
unperturbed: unperturbedly+/ imperturbable: imperturbability, imperturbableness, imperturbably/ perturb: imperturbable, perturbation, perturbed, perturbing, perturbs/ perturbation: perturbations/ perturbed: perturbedly, unperturbed /perturbing: perturbingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
For weeks he seemed mostly unperturbed by a rise in hate crimes since his election.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Mr. Close said he was unperturbed by the expense.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
He was wary of the kangaroos before he saw they were generally unperturbed by the tourists.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: adj. 泰然自若的; 镇定; 坦然
分布：未受到搅乱的(50%)，镇定的(50%)
adj. 镇定的；平静的；未受到扰乱的
 - collected, peaceful, pacific, calm, still

Word: wuhan

Word: vertigo
Front: vertigo
[ˈvɜ:tɪgəʊ] (托宝 14232/22939)
Vocabulary: vertigo
(once / 5964 pages)
n
If you're standing still but the room is inexplicably spinning, you might want to let someone know you're suffering from vertigo — the sensation of dizziness or whirling.
Contrary to popular belief, vertigo is not exactly the same thing as acrophobia, the fear of heights. However, acrophobia can result in the symptoms associated with vertigo. Interestingly, when legendary director Alfred Hitchcock created a film about a detective with an intense fear of heights, he named the film Vertigo, not Acrophobia; perhaps he thought Vertigo was catchier.
WORD FAMILY
vertigo: vertiginous, vertigoes, vertigos+/ vertiginous: vertiginously
USAGE EXAMPLES
They streamed into the daylight in their thousands, the earth would appear to be in motion, and I’d be seized by vertigo.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
In contrast her mother was Alfred Hitchcock’s ideal, remote “woman in grey” and represented highly-strung perfection in Alfred Hitchcock’s Vertigo and Marnie.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
The experience of seeing ‘Vertigo’ and ‘The Searchers’ in VistaVision.”
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 眩晕，头晕
分布：眩晕(100%)
→来自拉丁语vertigo,旋转，眩晕，来自vert-,转，词源同convert,versus,-ig,做，驱使，词源同agent.
眩晕(vert+igo→goaround转着走→眩晕)[ver,ert=turn,表示"转"]
【记】verti转，go走－转着走－眩晕
【参】vertiginous（adj 旋转眩晕的）
US ['vɝ:.tˌə.goʊ] noun uncountable
■a feeling of spinning round and being unable to balance, caused by looking down from a height （从高处俯视感到的）晕眩
• She can't stand heights and has always suffered from vertigo. 她恐高，总是会感到眩晕。
n. 晕头转向， [临床] 眩晕
 - swim, megrim

Word: veneration
Front: veneration
[ˌvenə'reɪʃn] (托 21317/22507)
Vocabulary: veneration
(once / 1363 pages)
n
Veneration is similar to worship or respect: we feel veneration for things and people we adore and are devoted to completely.
This is a strong word. The main meaning is for a type of religious zeal: if you unquestionably believe in your religion, then you feel and show veneration for your god and beliefs. Also, veneration can apply outside religion when you have enormous respect for something or someone. Great people like Martin Luther King or Mother Theresa inspire veneration. If you feel a combination of awe and love for someone, you are full of veneration.
WORD FAMILY
veneration: venerations+/venerability: venerabilities/ venerable: venerability, venerableness, venerablest, venerably/ venerate: venerable, venerated, venerates, venerating, veneration, venerator/venerator: venerators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Pointing one’s feet at another person is considered to be extremely disrespectful, while bowing at someone’s feet is a mark of veneration.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
“They are preserved with almost sacred veneration,” as was a small pocket spyglass of the first President’s, Conner wrote.
Time(Dec 07, 2016)
His veneration of Putin, unusually, wins him no obvious constituency.
The New Yorker(Oct 20, 2016)
Back: n. 尊敬
分布：崇敬(100%)
【反】defiance（n 挑衅）；derision（n 嘲笑）；contempt（n 轻视）；disdain（n 轻蔑）；
n. 尊敬；崇拜
 - respect, worship, praise, honour

Word: wap

Word: adjunct
Front: adjunct
[ˈædʒʌŋkt] (托宝 11816/15510)
Vocabulary: adjunct
(once / 3068 pages)
nadj
Adjunct means something added on, but not part of the whole. An adjunct professor is someone who is hired by a college to teach but isn't a full member of the faculty.
This is a word you can figure out by taking it apart. From ad- "to" and -junct "join" (think "junction"), you can see that this is about joining something to another. "During lunch, Tim always sat the girls' lacrosse-team lunch table, and they joked that he was an adjunct member of the team."
WORD FAMILY
adjunct: adjuncts
USAGE EXAMPLES
There’s always a tension in community colleges between full-time and adjunct faculty.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
She was an adjunct biology professor at the University of Maryland’s University College and was the co-author of papers about immunology.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Navy, an expert on nuclear radioactivity and an adjunct professor at Georgetown University.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 附件，助手
adj. 附属的
分布：附属物(46%)，修饰语(27%)，附件(27%)
→前缀ad, 去，往。-junct同join, 连接。
【记】1）ad朝向，junct结合，连接－朝向连接－附属物2）ad＝add增加，jun拼音：菌－加入菌－显然是一种添加剂，附属物。
【参】junction（n 交汇点）；disjunction（n 分离；折断）
【反】essential element（基本部分）
['ædʒ.ʌŋkt] formal
noun countable
■something added or connected to a larger or more important thing 附属物，附件
• I hoped I would find the computer course a useful adjunct to my other studies. 我希望上了这门电脑课程后，会使其他科目的学习如虎添翼。
• In grammar, an adjunct is an adverb or adverbial phrase that gives extra information in a sentence. 文法中，修饰成分是在句子中提供附加资料的副词或者副词片语。
n. 附属物；助手；修饰语
 - friend, assistant, aid, belonging
adj. 附属的
 - subsidiary, affiliated

Word: aplomb
Front: aplomb
[əˈplɒm] (宝 21879/21166)
Vocabulary: aplomb
(once / 9486 pages)
n
Aplomb is the ultimate test for cool: grace under pressure. Use aplomb to show great restraint under even the most trying circumstances. In retail, it's always a good idea to handle the angry customers with aplomb.
Angry at the long lines at the grocery store? Irritated because the driver ahead cut you off? Take a deep breath, and approach life's messes with aplomb. When you think of aplomb, think cool, calm and collected. Not frazzled, furious, and fiery. Aplomb comes from the French word meaning "perpendicularity," from the phrase à plomb for "poised upright, balanced."
WORD FAMILY
aplomb
USAGE EXAMPLES
Shalvey draws both the men-in-suits-with-guns action sequences and the insane psychedelia lurking at the edges of the story with equal aplomb.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
He handled it with aplomb and didn’t bite when asked to evaluate his season.
Washington Times(Dec 15, 2016)
It’s a weird thrill to see someone so young hold his own with total aplomb in front of so many people.
The New Yorker(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: n. 自信，沉着，泰然自若
分布：沉着(65%)，自信(20%)，镇静(15%)
→来自短语on plomb, 同plumb, 铅垂线。指沉着如铅垂线。
US [-'plɑ:m] noun uncountable
■confidence and style 自信；沉着，泰然自若
• Rosalind conducted the meeting with characteristic aplomb] with her usual aplomb. 罗莎琳德以她特有／一贯的泰然自若的风度主持了会议。
n. 沉着；垂直；泰然自若
 - self-possession, composedness

Word: adulterer
Front: adulterer
[əˈdʌltərə(r)] (26192/35135)
Back: n. 奸夫，通奸者
分布：通奸者(100%)
US [-tˌɚ.ɚ] old use
noun countable
■a married man who has sex with a woman who is not his wife, or a man who has sex with another man's wife 奸夫；通奸者
• Her husband was a compulsive adulterer. 她的丈夫通奸成性。
n. 奸夫；通奸者（尤指男人）
 - intrigant

Word: angeleno

Word: aphid
Front: aphid
[ˈeɪfɪd] (18204/17571 -1)
Vocabulary: aphid
(once / 39796 pages)
n
An aphid is a bug that's considered a pest by many gardeners. Aphids like to eat a variety of plants, including roses, lettuce, peaches, and grapes.
Aphids feed by sucking sap or liquid from a plant, and they can be quite destructive to a farmer's crop or a gardener's flower bed, because they reproduce quickly and efficiently. Several kinds of birds and spiders prey on aphids, and farmers use both chemical and biological insecticides to control them. The word aphid comes from the Modern Latin aphis, from 1758, although its origin isn't known.
WORD FAMILY
aphid: aphids
USAGE EXAMPLES
For example, many samples contained DNA from tiny plant-eating aphids, ladybugs that eat them, and parasitic wasps that lay their eggs in aphids.
Washington Post(Nov 02, 2016)
Hagfish, penguins, and aphids are just some of the creatures that have been shaped by what’s known as regressive evolution.
National Geographic(Oct 06, 2016)
Species of long-horned beetles, true bugs, even aphids who imbibe at the milkweed bar, all wear these warning colors proudly.
New York Times(Sep 30, 2016)
Back: n. [昆]蚜虫
分布：名词(100%)
→词源不详。
noun countable
■any of various small insects, such as the greenfly , which suck the juices of plants for food 蚜虫
n. [昆] 蚜虫
 - budworm, greenfly

Word: asynchronous
Front: asynchronous
[eɪˈsɪŋkrənəs] (24053/30210)
Vocabulary: asynchronous
(once / 337695 pages)
adj
Events are asynchronous when they don't happen at the same time. If you pick up the crossword puzzle I started yesterday, we are working on it together but in an asynchronous fashion. Please do it in pencil.
Asynchronous is the opposite of synchronous, which means happening at the same time. Think of “synchronous” as “in synch” and asynchronous as “out of synch.” If we're chatting on the phone, our communication is “synchronous.” We respond to each other immediately and when we hang up, the conversation's over. Email is asynchronous because we respond whenever it's convenient. In some cases this means never, which can be mighty convenient.
WORD FAMILY
asynchronous
USAGE EXAMPLES
Rich with asynchronous strings, and full of light and shade, it hurtles toward a nostalgic end.
New York Times(Nov 20, 2016)
Because it’s asynchronous, and because there are no limits on space and time, it often leads to endless, pointless ruminations.
New York Times(Oct 19, 2016)
He says the asynchronous portion allows for significant flexibility, though the live sessions also have benefits.
US News(Jun 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 异步的
分布：异步的(100%)
→前缀a-, 不，非。synchronous，同时存在的，来自词根chron, 时间。
【记】a非，同，syn同，chron时间－不同时间－异步的
adj. [电] 异步的；不同时的；不同期的
 - non-synchronous

Word: appel
Front: appel
[ə'pel] None
Back: n. 灵快的踏足，垫步
分布：垫步(75%)，快步佯攻(25%)

Word: atlantis

Word: batten
Front: batten
[ˈbætn] (25751/17353)
Back: n. 板条; 压条
vt. 用板条或压条固定; （损人利己地）养肥自己
时态：battened, battening, battens
分布：长肥(33%)，用板条固定(31%)，木条(26%)，损人以自肥(10%)
US ['bætˌ-] noun countable
■a long piece of wood, often fixed to something to strengthen it （常用于加固的）板条，扣板；挂瓦条
UK ['bæt.ən] US ['bætˌ-] verb transitive
■to fasten something by fixing pieces of wood onto it 在某物上钉板条以作加固
• The boxes were securely battened before the journey. 出发前箱子都用板条牢牢地钉好了。
UK ['bæt.ən] US ['bætˌ-] verb transitive
batten down the hatches
■to fasten the entrances to the lower part of a ship using wooden boards 钉上扣板密闭舱口，封舱
■to prepare for a difficult situation 准备面对困境
• When you're coming down with flu all you can do is batten down the hatches and wait for it to pass. 患上流感后，你所能做的就是做好心理准备，等它慢慢过去。
UK ['bæt.ən] US ['bætˌ-] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  batten on sb literary
■to live well by using someone else's money 靠（别人）的财物养活自己
• He's spent these last five years battening on a rich aunt of his. 过去这5年间，他一直靠着一个富有的婶婶享福。
n. [木] 板条；曲尺；扣板；小方材
 - trisquare, lath
vt. 在……钉扣板；养肥；装条板
 - fat up
vi. 长胖；贪吃
 - gather flesh, fat up

Word: bazooka
Front: bazooka
[bəˈzu:kə] (30118/38503)
Back: n. 反坦克火箭筒
分布：火箭炮(100%)
→由美国喜剧演员Bob Burns 创造出来的新词，来自俚语bazoo, 嘴，大嘴。
noun countable
■a long tube-shaped gun, fired (= shot) from the shoulder, which is used to shoot missiles at especially military vehicles 巴祖卡火箭筒；反坦克火箭炮

Word: asunder
Front: asunder
[əˈsʌndə(r)] (宝 25678/32683)
Vocabulary: asunder
(once / 1094 pages)
advadj
Asunder is an adverb that means “into separate pieces.” So if you’ve torn your ex's love letter asunder, you’ve forcefully ripped it into separate pieces — and rightly so.
Asunder comes from the Old English phrase on sundran, which means “into separate places.” It is a somewhat archaic and uncommon word and most of us know it only from marriage ceremonies: “What God has joined together let no man put asunder.” In most cases you can use its more common synonym “apart” and convey the same meaning, unless you want to express a particularly violent or forceful ripping.
WORD FAMILY
asunder
USAGE EXAMPLES
He believes China’s currency manipulation “is threatening to tear asunder the entire global economic fabric and free trade framework.”
Slate(Dec 22, 2016)
Trump’s nomination was supposed to tear the Republican party asunder.
The Guardian(Nov 16, 2016)
Like most Americans to the manor born, this election divided my loyalties and tore my soul asunder.
Salon(Nov 10, 2016)
Back: adv. <文>分开地; 分离地; 成数部分（或数块）; 化为碎片
分布：分离地(50%)，化为碎片(50%)
→来自短语on sunder . sunder, 分开，来自词根sue, 自己的，同self.
【记】as正如，under下－正如掉在地上－成为碎片
US [-dɚ] literary
adverb
■into forcefully separated pieces; apart 破成碎块，散成碎片；分开，离散
• Their lives were torn asunder by the tragedy. 这次不幸使他们的生活支离破碎。
adv. 化为碎片地；分离地
 - separately, disjunctively
adj. 分成碎片的；分离的
 - apart, isolated

Word: bullshit
Front: bullshit
[ˈbʊlʃɪt] (9910/19060)
Back: n. 胡说
vt. & vi. 胡说，哄骗
时态：bullshitted, bullshitting, bullshits
分布：胡说(100%)
['bʊl.ʃɪt] offensive
exclamation noun uncountable
■complete nonsense or something that is not true 胡说，屁话
• Bullshit! He never said that! 胡说！他从来没有那样说过！
• He gave me some excuse but it was a load of bullshit. 他跟我说了些理由，可那都是胡说八道。
['bʊl.ʃɪt] offensive
verb intransitive or transitive (-tt-)
■to try to persuade someone or make them admire you by saying things that are not true 胡说；哄骗
• You're bullshitting me! 你在骗我！
• Quit bullshitting, will you! 你别胡说八道了！
n. 胡说
 - kibosh, bollocks

Word: boozy
Front: boozy
[bu:zi] (27009/34523)
Back: adj. 酩酊的，嗜酒的
级别：boozier, booziest
分布：酩酊的(58%)，嗜酒的(42%)
['bu:.zi] informal
adjective
■drinking or containing a lot of alcohol 暴饮的；含酒的
• a boozy night out 晚上外出大喝一趟
adj. 嗜酒的；酩酊的
 - liquorous, bibulous

Word: blithe
Front: blithe
[blaɪð] (宝 25516/33385 -1)
Vocabulary: blithe
(once / 1450 pages)
adj
The adjective blithe used to mean happy and carefree, but over time it has also come to describe someone who isn't paying attention the way they should.
If you have a blithe disregard for authority, you might just smile vaguely when a teacher is yelling at you and continue writing on the lockers with a Sharpie. If you're dancing to music while driving, and pass blithely through a red light, chances are you will be pulled over and given either a ticket or a lecture.
WORD FAMILY
blithe: blithely, blitheness, blithesome, blithest+/ blithesome: blithesomely, blithesomest
USAGE EXAMPLES
To be a blithe celebration of the root word of “pop,” giving awards to artists who show up.
The Guardian(Nov 21, 2016)
But sometimes, when reading blithe U.S. statements about the internet, I find myself wondering, “Can’t you hear how you sound?”
Slate(Nov 18, 2016)
Mr. Vaughn and McCallum had a genial screen chemistry, trading quips and maintaining a blithe sang-froid in the face of danger.
Washington Post(Nov 11, 2016)
Back: adj. 欢乐的，愉快的; 轻率的; 漫不经心的; 无忧无虑的
分布：轻率的(34%)，快乐的(33%)，无忧无虑的(33%)
→来自PIE *bhel, 照耀，闪光，指容光满面。词源同bliss.
【记】bli读：不赖，the根：神。不赖的神－轻松快乐的读：不理事－什么都不理－无忧无虑的
【反】grave（v 严肃的）
old-fashioned
adjective
■happy and without worry 欢乐的，愉快的；无忧无虑的
• She shows a blithe disregard for danger. 她对危险毫不在乎。
adj. 愉快的；快乐无忧的
 - good, bright, fragrant, cheerful

Word: buccaneer
Front: buccaneer
[ˌbʌkəˈnɪə(r)] (29129/23120)
Vocabulary: buccaneer
(once / 1908 pages)
nv
Buccaneer is another name for "pirate." When you're sailing the open sea, you might worry about a buccaneer who wants to rob your ship and possibly enslave your crew.
In the late 17th century, a buccaneer was a specific kind of pirate. Buccaneers generally stayed in the Caribbean Sea, while pirates roamed the Indian Ocean. Buccaneers were also more likely to attack coastal cities. Perhaps in those cities, they learned to smoke meat, which is the meaning of the French word boucanier and the Native American word bukan. Buccaneers were known for eating smoked meats.
WORD FAMILY
buccaneer: buccaneered, buccaneering, buccaneers
USAGE EXAMPLES
He rushed for a season-high 85 yards and two touchdowns in a victory over the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in September.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The Buccaneers must beat the Panthers at home and get plenty of help to secure a playoff spot.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Tampa Bay Buccaneers general manager Jason Licht said Martin needed to address his problems.
Reuters(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 海盗; 掠夺者
vi. 做海盗
分布：海盗(89%)，不择手段的投机者(11%)
→来自加勒比海海地语，barbecue 变体。原指17世纪南美洲殖民地争夺战中被西班牙打败的法国人，在丛林中以打猎烤肉为生，兼营海盗打劫勾当。
US [-'nɪr] noun countable
■a person who attacked and stole from ships at sea, especially in the 17th and 18th centuries; a pirate （尤指17和18世纪的）海盗
n. 海盗
 - corsair, sea wolf
vi. 做海盗
 - freeboot, pickaroon

Word: boring
Front: boring
[ˈbɔ:rɪŋ] (中高托宝 4915/4124 -K2)
Vocabulary: boring
(once / 1455 pages)
1adj 2n
As an adjective boring describes something (or someone) that is tedious, dull, and lacking in interest. As a noun, boring refers to the act of drilling a hole, or the hole itself.
When a geologist's powerful drill makes a boring into the earth, you can remove a sample and learn about the history of our planet just by seeing what's contained in the boring's layers. Of course, if you aren't interested in that kind of thing, you might find a two-hour lecture on the subject a bit boring.
WORD FAMILY
boring: boringly, boringness, borings+/ bore: bored, borer, bores, boring, counterbore/ bored: boredly, boredom / boredom: boredoms/borer: borers/counterbore: counterbores
USAGE EXAMPLES
Certainly Sherlock avoids the boring cliche of other TV shows where guns are waved around as a threat but never actually fired.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
You'd expect the British embassy to choose something more boring, like Sting...
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
An online humor site panned the four options and urged its readers to vote for what it considered the worst, a boring black-and-white option.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 无聊的，无趣的; 令人厌烦的; 单调的，乏味的
n. 钻孔; 钻屑
v. 令人厌烦(bore的现在分词)
分布：乏味的(70%)，令人厌烦的(30%)
【反】entrancing（adj 使人神魂颠倒的，使人入神的）
US ['bɔ:r.ɪŋ] adjective
 ESSENTIAL
■not interesting or exciting 烦人的；乏味的；无聊的
• She finds opera boring. 她觉得歌剧很乏味。
• It's boring to sit on the plane with nothing to read. 坐在飞机上没东西可读真是无聊。
• a boring lecture 枯燥的讲座
• The film was so boring I fell asleep. 这部电影非常乏味，我都睡着了。
adj. 无聊的；令人厌烦的
 - trying, frivolous
n. [机] 钻孔
 - drilling hole, bouche
v. [机] 钻孔；使厌烦；挖空（bore的ing形式）
 - drilling

Word: bioethics
Front: bioethics
[ˌbaɪəʊˈeθɪks] (20351/-)
Back: n. 生物伦理学
分布：生命伦理学(50%)，生物伦理学(50%)
→词根bio, 生物。ethics, 伦理学。
US [-oʊ-] noun uncountable
■the study of and thinking about what is right and wrong in biological progress and activities such as genetic engineering and the transplantation of organs 生物伦理学
• The uproar led to the establishment of bioethics committees to oversee research. 这场轩然大波导致了生物伦理学协会的建立，旨在对研究进行监管。

Word: borderline
Front: borderline
[ˈbɔ:dəlaɪn] (12910/14486 -1)
Back: n. 分界线，国界线
adj. 边界上的; 边界附近的; 暧昧的; 不明确的
分布：分界(42%)，边界线(36%)，边缘的(13%)，接近的(9%)
US ['bɔ:r.dɚ-] adjective
■between two different conditions, with the possibility of belonging to either one of them 两可的，临界的；所属不清的
• Only in borderline cases (= cases where students might succeed or fail) will pupils have an oral exam. 只有在处于及格边缘的情况下小学生才会有口试。
• She was a borderline candidate. 她是个不上不下的候选人。
UK ['bɔ:.də.laɪn] US ['bɔ:r.dɚ-] noun only singular
■something that separates two different qualities 分界线
• The borderline between friendship and intimacy is often hard to define. 友谊和亲匿关系之间的界线常常很难界定。
n. 边界线，边界；界线
 - limit, barrier
adj. 边界的；暧昧的
 - vague, frontier

Word: cabaret
Front: cabaret
[ˈkæbəreɪ] (17181/11956 -1)
Back: n. 卡巴莱餐馆; 卡巴莱歌舞表演
vi. 有歌舞、滑稽短剧助兴的
分布：名词(100%)
→cabar, 同chamber, 室。-et, 小词后缀。常指比较低端的娱乐场所。
US [-ɚ.eɪ] noun countable or uncountable
■a performance of popular music, singing or dancing, especially in a restaurant or bar （尤指餐馆或酒吧的）卡巴莱歌舞表演
• a cabaret act. 卡巴莱表演

Word: caterer
Front: caterer
[ˈkeɪtərə(r)] (15955/12880)
Back: n. （尤指职业的）酒席承办人，提供饮食及服务的人; 筹办者
分布：备办食物者(67%)，备办宴席者(33%)
N-COUNT
餐饮公司;酒席承办商
Caterers are people or companies that provide food and drink for a place such as an office or for special occasions such as weddings and parties.
例：The caterers were already laying out the tables for lunch.负责餐饮的人已经在为午餐摆桌了。
例：...food brought in from outside caterers.露天餐饮公司提供的饭菜

Word: categorise
Front: categorise
['kætəgəraɪz] (-/11914)
Back: vt. 把…归类，把…列作
时态：categorised, categorising, categorises
分布：分类(77%)，加以类别(23%)
vt. 分类；加以类别
 - class, sort through

Word: cleavage
Front: cleavage
[ˈkli:vɪdʒ] (宝 13551/10765 -1)
Vocabulary: cleavage
(once / 5526 pages)
1n 2n
Cleavage is a word for a kind of splitting or separation: it's mainly used for the split between a woman's breasts.
We can talk about many kinds of cleavage, such as the splitting of a cell or a hunk of wood. Political movements will often have a cleavage, as differences of opinion create factions. This word is interesting because cleavage is not only a separation, but it can mean a bringing together. When you think of the cleavage created by a woman's breasts — stop staring, by the way — you can see the separation and bringing together very well.
WORD FAMILY
cleavage: cleavages+/ cleave: cleavable, cleavage, cleaved, cleaver, cleaves, cleaving/ cleaver: cleavers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ten years ago, it was fake eyelashes, fake tan, fake cleavage.
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
“Fairly low-cut things, not drastic, but a little cleavage showing,” she said.
Seattle Times(Nov 17, 2016)
Donald Trump’s rise has put these cleavages into sharp relief, but they have been shaping the party since the Eisenhower era.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 11, 2016)
Back: n. 分裂; [胚] 卵裂; 乳沟
分布：乳沟(45%)，分裂(41%)，劈开(14%)
→来自cleave,劈开。因如同劈开的沟而得名。
noun countable or uncountable
BODY AREA 身体部位
■the narrow space between a woman's breasts, that is seen when she wears a piece of clothing which does not cover the top of them （妇女穿低胸服时露出的）乳沟
• Clare was wearing a low-cut dress which showed off her cleavage. 克莱尔身穿低胸长裙，坦露着乳沟。
['kli:.vɪdʒ] noun countable or uncountable
DISAGREEMENT 意见不合 formal
■(a) division or disagreement 差异；分歧
• There is a marked cleavage between the parties about the government's defence policy. 对于政府的国防政策，党派间存在着明显的分歧。
n. 劈开， [口腔] 分裂； [晶体] 解理； [胚] 卵裂
 - fragmentation, disruption

Word: chubby
Front: chubby
[ˈtʃʌbi] (托 14040/19952)
Vocabulary: chubby
(once / 3491 pages)
adj
Someone who's chubby is plump or slightly overweight. If the vet mentions that your cat's getting a little chubby, you might need to cut down on the cat treats.
Many toddlers and young children have round, chubby cheeks, puppies have chubby little bellies, and Santa Claus is perhaps the most famously chubby mythical figure. The word chubby dates from the early 17th century, when it literally meant "looks like a chub," a somewhat round-shaped river fish. There may also be a connection to the Old Norse kumben, "stumpy."
WORD FAMILY
chubby: chubbier, chubbiest, chubbily, chubbiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
My cousin in a thin family was "chubby" from the time she was 3 years old.
New York Times(May 02, 2016)
Chubby Carrier’s father, zydeco legend Roy Carrier, tried to warm him.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
My first crush was popular, and I was not; I was chubby, awkward and weird.
The Guardian(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: adj. 胖乎乎的，圆胖的，丰满的
级别：chubbier, chubbiest
分布：丰满的(55%)，圆胖的(45%)
adjective
■(especially of children) fat in a pleasant and attractive way （尤指儿童）圆圆胖胖的，胖乎乎的，丰满的
• chubby legs 胖乎乎的腿
• chubby cheeks 圆嘟嘟的脸蛋
adj. 圆胖的，丰满的
 - fat, full, pudsy

Word: compendium
Front: compendium
[kəmˈpendiəm] (宝 18189/20325)
Vocabulary: compendium
(once / 4396 pages)
n
When you search an online encyclopedia, you are searching a compendium of information on just about everything. A compendium is a comprehensive collection of something.
You can also use the word compendium to describe a collection of written works. If you gather all of the anecdotes your parents and grandparents have told you into a book, you'll have created a compendium of family stories. The plural of compendium is either compendiums or compendia.
WORD FAMILY
compendium: compendious, compendiums+/compendious: compendiously
USAGE EXAMPLES
The publisher rereleased all seven original books in a special compendium, complete with an audio book read by the actor John Krasinski.
The New Yorker(Dec 23, 2016)
There are 73 films on this year’s Black List, the annual compendium of popular unproduced screenplays.
The Guardian(Dec 13, 2016)
Below, we present a compendium of sorts about the election, to help guide you in your discussions.
New York Times(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: n. 摘要，纲要
分布：手册(39%)，概略(33%)，提纲(16%)，简要(12%)
→com-, 强调。-pend, 悬垂，称量，词源同pendulum, pound .即挂到一起的，汇编。
【记】com共同，pend挂－把各部分的主要内容挂在一起－概要com共同，pen笔，ium表场所－把共同点用笔写下来的场所－摘要部分
【参】compendious（adj 简洁的＝concise＝comprehensive）
[kəm'pen.di.əm] (plural compendiums or compendia)
noun countable
■a short but complete account of a particular subject, especially in the form of a book （尤指以书的形式出现的关于特定主题的）汇编，概要，概略，纲要
• the Gardener's Compendium 《园丁手册》
n. 纲要；概略
 - schemata, rundown

Word: collegiate
Front: collegiate
[kəˈli:dʒiət] (8794/22840 -1)
Vocabulary: collegiate
(once / 2636 pages)
adj
Collegiate describes anything to do with college life or college students. You might refer to the leagues in which college athletes compete as collegiate sports, or to students studying chemistry as collegiate scientists.
While college is a noun, collegiate is an adjective used to describe anything associated with college. The word collegiate was once associated with the idea of ivy-covered walls and impeccably-dressed students earnestly discussing philosophy and art. Nowadays, it can just as easily refer to political demonstrations and raucous behavior, as all have become part of the collegiate world.
WORD FAMILY
collegiate: collegiately, intercollegiate
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Miami native wrapped up his collegiate career with an impressive Orange Bowl performance.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Carpenter played collegiately at Virginia Tech before recording 165 tackles and 14 interceptions in his six-year NFL career with the Buffalo Bills and Atlanta Falcons.
Reuters(Dec 29, 2016)
The graduate transfer, who was a Texas prep standout, ends his collegiate career starting at QB for North Texas in a bowl.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 学院的，大学的; 高校学生的; 大学程度的; 集体组织的
分布：大学的(44%)，学院的(32%)，大学生的(24%)
学院的;学生的(col+legi读+ate→共同读书→学院的)[col-,cor在同辅音词根前,表示"共同"]
大学的(college学院)[-ate 1.表动词"做,造成"2.表形容词"具有…的"3.表名词"人或地位"]
US [-dʒɪt] adjective
■of or belonging to a college or its students 大学的，学院的；大学生的
• a collegiate theatre 大学戏院
• collegiate sports 大学体育
■UK
■formed of colleges 下设学院的，由学院组成的
• Oxford and Cambridge are both collegiate universities. 牛津和剑桥都是由许多学院组成的综合性大学。
adj. 大学的；学院的；大学生的
 - academic, undergraduate

Word: columbian

Word: conservancy
Front: conservancy
[kənˈsɜ:vənsi] (26028/22060)
Back: n. （自然物源的）保护，管理
分布：保护(93%)，水土保持(7%)
→来自conserve, 保护，保存。
n. 管理；保护；保存
 - governance, administration, management, supervision, protection, regulation

Word: contort
Front: contort
[kənˈtɔ:t] (宝 17409/20536)
Vocabulary: contort
(once / 2243 pages)
v
To contort something is to bend or twist it out of its original shape. Faces are often said to contort with one particular emotion or another.
In general contort refers to something that is fairly adaptable and can return to its previous shape. A face, after it has contorted with rage, for example, will return to its normal expression (unless you've done something really bad.). If you bend or twist your sister's doll, you "break it" rather than "contort it."
WORD FAMILY
contort: contorted, contorting, contortion, contorts+/ contorted: contortedly/ contortion: contortionist, contortions/ contortionist: contortionists
USAGE EXAMPLES
“There are innumerable images of candidates seemingly contorted in expression or gesture,” the artist said.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
For several months after that debacle, Democrats contorted themselves in self-examination.
The Guardian(Nov 29, 2016)
His somber tones and cubist, contorted figures have poetic energy but also a tension that echoed my unease.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 扭曲，扭弯
时态：contorted, contorting, contorts
分布：曲解(80%)，走样(20%)
→con-, 强调。-tort, 转，扭曲，词源同turn,torque.
拧弯;曲解(con全部+tort→全部扭曲→拧弯)[tort=twist表示"扭曲"]
【记】con共同，tort弯曲－共同弯曲－扭曲
【参】distort（v 扭曲；歪曲）；tortuous（adj 曲折的；转弯抹角的）；torture（v /n 折磨）；contortion（n 扭曲；弯曲）
US [-'tɔ:rt] verb intransitive or transitive
■to (cause something to) twist or bend violently and unnaturally into a different shape or form （使）扭曲；（使）歪曲；（使）变形
• His face contorted with bitterness and rage. 他的脸因仇恨和愤怒而扭曲。
vt. 扭曲；曲解
 - distort, misinterpret
vi. 扭曲
 - distort

Word: contemplation
Front: contemplation
[ˌkɒntəmˈpleɪʃn] (11236/11400)
Vocabulary: contemplation
(once / 579 pages)
n
Contemplation is long, hard thinking about something. If you’re writing a book on the meaning of the universe, then you’re going to need to do a great deal of contemplation.
Contemplate has the word temple in its roots, and originally referred to the kind of thinking you do in a special space set aside for observation. Now we use it to describe any kind of thinking that we spend a long time doing. While clicking on someone’s photos on Facebook doesn’t count as contemplation, usually, you might spend hours in contemplation of your family and your history if you come across a box of old photos in the attic.
WORD FAMILY
contemplation: contemplations, self-contemplation+/ contemplate: contemplated, contemplates, contemplating, contemplation, contemplative / contemplative: contemplatively, contemplativeness, contemplatives
USAGE EXAMPLES
In Stage Two, the “Contemplation Stage,” we acknowledge there is a problem and begin to think about possible solutions.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Some people will tell you, without the briefest contemplation, that they’re living the dream.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Meetings with staff counselors led to serious contemplation about her addiction, strengthening her resolve to conquer it.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 注视; 凝视; 沉思; 意图
分布：沉思(73%)，注视(17%)，打算(10%)
US [ˌkɑ:n.tˌəm-] noun uncountable
■when you spend time thinking about something in a serious and quiet way 盘算；沉思，冥想
• She was staring out over the lake, lost in contemplation. 她凝视湖面，陷入沉思。
• The nuns have an hour for silent contemplation every morning. 修女们每天早上要做一小时的默祷。
n. 沉思；注视；意图
 - reflection, intention, meaning, will, offer

Word: disinfectant
Front: disinfectant
[ˌdɪsɪnˈfektənt] (宝 17170/15912)
Back: n. 消毒剂，杀菌剂
分布：消毒剂(93%)，消毒的(7%)
消毒剂(disinfect消毒)[-ant 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"…人"3.表名词"…剂"]
US [-tˌənt] noun countable or uncountable
■a substance which contains chemicals that kill bacteria and is used especially for cleaning surfaces in toilets and kitchens （尤指用于厕所、厨房表面消毒的）消毒剂，除菌剂
n. [药] 消毒剂
 - sterilizing agent, sterilant
adj. [药] 消毒的
 - sterilizing

Word: contrite
Front: contrite
[ˈkɒntraɪt] (托宝 21695/23640)
Vocabulary: contrite
(once / 3636 pages)
adj
We are sorry to inform you that the adjective contrite means regretful, remorseful, or even guilty.
Someone who feels remorse or guilt is contrite and in addition to feeling sorry, part of the definition includes wanting to atone for having done something wrong. The word comes from the Latin roots com- meaning "together" and terere which means "to rub." It's also related to the Latin word conterere and is defined as "to bruise." In the field of theology being contrite is "being remorseful for past sin and resolved to avoid future sin."
WORD FAMILY
contrite: contritely, contriteness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Yes, he was despondent on the bench and contrite in the locker room.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
He cast a despondent, contrite glance toward Mariam, then his mother.
Khaled Hosseini, A Thousand Splendid Suns(2007)
Harkaway was much more contrite in his statement, issued to Philly.com the following night:
Los Angeles Times(Oct 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 悔悟的，由悔悟引发的
n. 悔悟
分布：后悔的(42%)，悔悟了的(35%)，痛悔的(23%)
→con-, 强调。-trit, 转，磨，词源同turn, detergent. 此处用于比喻义，指磨心的，内心不安的。
悔恨的(con共同+trite→身心全部磨擦→悔恨交加的)[trit=rud,表示"磨擦"]
【记】con共同，trite摩擦－做错事后心灵受到摩擦－后悔的
【参】attrition（n 磨擦）；triturate（vt 弄成粉）；contrition（n 悔悟；后悔）
【反】impenitent（adj 不悔悟的；顽固的）
US ['kɑ:n-] formal
adjective
■feeling very sorry and guilty for something bad that you have done 悔罪的；悔恨的
• a contrite apology/expression 悔恨的道歉／表情
adj. 悔悟了的；后悔的；悔罪的
 - regretful, repentant

Word: deus

Word: crunchy
Front: crunchy
[ˈkrʌntʃi] (13795/22553)
Back: adj. 硬脆的; 松脆的; 爽脆的
级别：crunchier, crunchiest
分布：易碎的(58%)，发嘎吱嘎吱声的(42%)
adjective
■describes food that is firm and makes a loud noise when it is eaten （食物）脆生生的，松脆的，鲜脆的
• crunchy vegetables 鲜脆的蔬菜
adj. 易碎的；发嘎吱嘎吱声的
 - delicate, fragile, brittle

Word: dinar
Front: dinar
[ˈdi:nɑ:(r)] (25361/18017)
Back: n. 第纳尔（南斯拉夫、伊拉克及阿尔及利亚等国的货币单位）
分布：名词(100%)
→来自拉丁语denarius, 货币单位，词源同ten. 后进入阿拉伯语。
UK [-'-] US ['di:.nɑ:r] UK [di:'nɑ:r] noun countable
■the standard unit of money used in Algeria, Bahrain, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Libya, Tunisia and Bosnia-Herzogovina 第纳尔（阿尔及利亚、巴林、伊拉克、约旦、科威特、利比亚、突尼斯和波黑的货币单位）

Word: distillation
Front: distillation
[ˌdɪstɪ'leɪʃn] (托 21496/20258)
Vocabulary: distillation
(once / 4667 pages)
n
When you heat water into steam that then is converted back into water, you are putting it through a process of distillation: purification by boiling and condensing vapors.
Distillation is a process of purification. Air and water are distilled to make them cleaner. Crude oil is distilled so that it can be used for various commercial purposes. Distillation involves a process of first heating to create vapor and then cooling to convert that vapor back to liquid form. Distillation is also the simplification of an argument to its most clear state. The distillation of an argument involves boiling it down so it's easy to understand.
WORD FAMILY
distillation: distillations+/ distill: distillate, distillation, distilled, distiller, distillery, distilling, distillment, distills/distillate: distillates/distiller: distillers/distillery: distilleries/distillment: distillments
USAGE EXAMPLES
The commercial is a distillation of McConaugheyism disguised as an enticement to drink.
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
A distillation of a lifetime’s research and writing, by the Oxford academic who also created freespeechdebate.com.
Economist(Dec 08, 2016)
Along with thoughts of leave-taking, late style is sometimes associated with a kind of distillation down to what matters most.
Seattle Times(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: n. （各种释义的）蒸馏（过程）; 蒸馏物; 蒸流; 升华
分布：蒸馏(100%)
蒸馏(distill+atiln)[satill=smalldrop。表示"小水滴"]
n. 蒸馏，净化； [化工] 蒸馏法；精华，蒸馏物
 - essence, purification, elite, flower, prime

Word: elation
Front: elation
[iˈleɪʃn] (托 17553/15642)
Vocabulary: elation
(once / 3225 pages)
n
If you experience sudden very high spirits, possibly even a feeling of lightness, you are feeling great elation.
Elation is more than mere happiness — it is extreme, exhilarating joy. It has a sense of rising or expanding, even to the point of light-headedness. To help remember it, think of the (unrelated) word inflation, which has a similar sound. When you inflate a tire, you pump it up. When you are filled with elation, you are also, in a sense, "pumped up."
WORD FAMILY
elation: elations+/ elate: elated, elates, elating, elation / elated: elatedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
But it is also a tribute to the architecture, which imparts to a long visit moments of elation and grace.
Slate(Dec 30, 2016)
There is little to elicit either elation or revulsion.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
So I understood the headiness, the elation, surrounding his rise.
The Guardian(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: n. 兴高采烈; 欢欣鼓舞; （病态的）欣快; 欣快症
分布：兴高采烈(68%)，得意洋洋(32%)
得意洋洋(elate+ion)[lat=bring,out,表示"拿出,带出"]
得意(elate高兴)[-ation表名词"行为,过程,结果"]
【反】dejection（n 沮丧）；wretchedness（n 可怜）
noun uncountable
■a state of extreme happiness or excitement 兴高采烈；喜气洋洋；欢欣鼓舞
• There's a sense of elation at having completed a race of such length. 跑完那么长距离的赛程，欢欣之情会油然而生。
n. 兴高采烈，得意洋洋
 - exaltation, rapture

Word: evince
Front: evince
[ɪˈvɪns] (托宝 18444/20565)
Vocabulary: evince
(once / 884 pages)
v
The verb evince means to show or express clearly; to make plain. Evidence can evince the innocence of the accused, and tears can evince the grief of the mourning.
Evince is a rather formal word that reveals the presence of something hidden — usually a feeling. So, if you are happy, your smile might evince your happiness. And if you are angry, the skull and crossbones on your tee shirt might evince your anger. Evincing is about expressing. If you are keeping your feelings inside, there's not a lot of evincing going on.
WORD FAMILY
evince: evinced, evinces, evincing
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is truly frightening that half the people and the president-elect evince little concern about the rule of law.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
Mary Todd Lincoln’s fiery independence and abolitionist agenda, along with her designs for refurbishing a decaying White House during the Civil War, evinced harsh criticism.
Time(Dec 22, 2016)
O’Connor was often maddening for liberals because she evinced few regrets over her vote in Bush v.
Slate(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: vt. 表明，标示
时态：evinced, evincing, evinces
分布：表明(63%)，表示(37%)
→e-, 向外。-vince,胜利，词源同victory,convince. 词义与evict在18世纪前没有差别，后指显示，表明。
表明,表示(e出+vinc+e克服障碍,表达感情→表明[态度])[vict,vinc=conquer,overcome,表示"征服,克服"]
【记】e出，vince＝vict征服－站出来用语言征服你－表明（事实等）
【参】evincible（adj 容易征服的；易于克服的）
【反】conceal（v 隐藏）；keep hidden（隐藏）
[ɪ'vɪnts] formal
verb transitive
■to make obvious or show clearly 表露，表明；显示
• They have never evinced any readiness or ability to negotiate. 他们从未表露出任何谈判的意愿和能力。
• In all the years I knew her, she never evinced any desire to do such a thing. 我认识她这么多年，她从未要求过要做这种事。
vt. 表明，表示；引起
 - indicate, attract, produce, bid, cause

Word: elan
Front: elan
[eɪ'lɒ̃] (26988/38293)
Vocabulary: elan
(once / 17205 pages)
n
Elan is a simple sounding word that means liveliness, flash and panache. So if your dance moves have elan, you're feeling the groove with exceptional style and vigor.
Elan comes from from a French word meaning "to dart," and is often spelled élan. Someone with elan can be said to dart around with enthusiasm and a unique flair. Music or art can have elan, and so can someone's wardrobe. Elan can also mean zeal or eagerness in favor of a person or cause. So don't let this boring sounding noun fool you. Elan has a lot of pizazz up its sleeve.
WORD FAMILY
elan: elans
USAGE EXAMPLES
“There was a special élan working for Frederick’s,” she said.
Seattle Times(Dec 13, 2016)
He’ll serve up his own presidential prowess with similar élan.
Slate(Dec 04, 2016)
SAC and Cohen did not admit wrongdoing in settling with the former Elan investors, including purchasers of its American depositary receipts and stock options.
Reuters(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. <法>锐气，热忱
分布：热忱(100%)
→e-, 向外。-lan, 投掷，词源同lance,矛。引申力活力。
n. 活力；热忱；锐气
 - vitality, enthusiasm, energy, spring, vigor

Word: episodic
Front: episodic
[ˌepɪˈsɒdɪk] (宝 18428/24369)
Vocabulary: episodic
(once / 18555 pages)
adj
If you have an episodic interest in professional sports, you pay attention to sports from time to time, but you're not a regular fan. The adjective episodic is often used to mean "occasional" or "every once in a while."
If you have a bad cough that comes and goes, you could call it an "episodic condition." When used in this way, episodic suggests that the cough appears at irregular, or random, intervals. Episodic can also describe the way certain stories are told. An "episodic narrative" is a story that is told through a series of episodes, or segments. A soap opera on television, for instance, is an episodic program.
WORD FAMILY
episodic: episodically
USAGE EXAMPLES
In many ways, episodic messaging in story apps is not new.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
What we’re left with are episodic delights, moments of creative nastiness and humor that goose the story along.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Mr. Khalifa’s story is episodic rather than linear; it is more about an atmosphere, both emotional and physical, than any defining event.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: adj. （小说、剧本等）由松散片段组成的，插曲般的
分布：插曲式的(41%)，偶然发生的(26%)，短暂的(20%)，由一系列片段组成的(13%)
US [-'sɑ:.dɪk] formal
adjective
NOT REGULAR 不定期的
■happening only sometimes and not regularly 偶尔发生的；不定期的
• The war between these two countries has been long-drawn-out and episodic. 这两个国家之间时断时续的战争持续了好多年。
UK [ˌep.ɪ'sɒd.ɪk] US [-'sɑ:.dɪk] formal
adjective
STORY 故事
■describes stories which are divided into several parts, especially when they are broadcast on the television or radio （尤指电视或广播节目的）一集，一节，片断
• an episodic drama series 一部（分集的）连续剧

Word: drawl
Front: drawl
[drɔ:l] (宝 17106/13372 -1)
Vocabulary: drawl
(once / 1149 pages)
nv
A drawl is a distinctively slow, drawn-out way of talking that's especially common in the US south. A writer might describe a cowboy as speaking in a lazy drawl.
A drawl tends to lengthen and extend vowel sounds in particular, so that words like "pet" or "pen" might be pronounced with two syllables, rather than one short one. While the Southern states are best known for inhabitants with drawls, Australian and New Zealand natives are also sometimes said to drawl. The word probably stems from the Dutch dralen, "delay" or "linger."
WORD FAMILY
drawl: drawled, drawler, drawling, drawls+/drawler: drawlers
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Welcome,” he said in that unmistakable southern drawl.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Former Exxon executives noted that he even fit the mold of a Texas oilman — physically imposing, with a resonant voice and a drawl.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
“I saved you,” he muttered in his drawl, drawing laughter.
Washington Post(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 拖长腔调慢吞吞地说
n. 拖长腔调慢吞吞说的话
时态：drawled, drawling, drawls
分布：慢吞吞拉长调子的说话方式(67%)，拖长声调说话(33%)
→来自draw, 拉。拉长语调音。
拉长语调说话[draw=pull,表示"拉"]
【记】draw拉，1（声音被拉长的状态）一拉长调子的说话
【参】gavel（n 小木槌）gave给，l（法官用小木槌给一下的动作在空中画出的美妙的曲线）
US [drɑ:l] noun only singular
■a slow way of speaking in which the vowel sounds are made longer and words are not separated clearly 说话拉长音，说话拉长调子
• a southern/Texan/mid-Atlantic drawl 南方／得克萨斯州／中大西洋地区拉长音的说话腔调

Word: fluidity
Front: fluidity
[fluˈɪdəti] (18854/20997)
Back: n. 流动性; 流质; 变移性; 流度
分布：流动性(96%)，流质(3%)，变移性(1%)
流动性(fluid+ity)[flu=flow,表示"流动"]
US [-ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
CHANGE 变化
■the quality of being likely to change, repeatedly and unexpectedly 易变性；不稳定性
• the fluidity of the political situation 政治局势的不稳定性
UK [flu'ɪd.ɪ.ti] US [-ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
MOVEMENT 运动 formal
■the quality of being smooth and continuous 流畅
• Durante dances with fluidity and grace. 杜兰特舞蹈动作优雅流畅。
UK [flu'ɪd.ɪ.ti] US [-ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
LIQUID 液体
■(of a substance) the quality of being not solid and able to flow 流动性
n. [流] 流动性；流质；易变性
 - liquidity, flowability

Word: gauntlet
Front: gauntlet
[ˈgɔ:ntlət] (16029/15017 -1)
Vocabulary: gauntlet
(once / 2368 pages)
1n 2n
A gauntlet is a glove covered in steel that was worn in suits of armor, but it also means punishment or, when "throwing down the gauntlet," a challenge.
Gauntlet comes from the Old French word for "glove," which was thrown down as a symbol of a challenge. “Running the gauntlet” is an old military form of punishment in which the victim runs between two rows of men wearing armored gloves, who beat him as he passes through the lines. Today, if someone makes you run the gauntlet, they won’t really strike you with armored gloves, but they'll probably make you do something miserable.
WORD FAMILY
gauntlet: gauntlets
USAGE EXAMPLES
Coach Rick Pitino referred to it as a “gauntlet” after the UK win .
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
He threw down the gauntlet this year with a towering tree adorned with 50,000 bulbs, which drew wide acclaim.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
The hunt is a gauntlet to run, but it’s half the fun.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. （中世纪武士用的）金属手套; （骑马，击剑等用的）长手套; 交叉射击; 严酷考验
分布：挑战(60%)，长手套(19%)，夹道鞭笞的刑罚(15%)，金属手套(3%)，夹攻(3%)
→1.金属手套，词源同wind, 缠绕，编织，即织成的手套。在中世纪向别人发出挑战时则掷手套于地，如果对方捡起手套，则是接受挑战。
US ['gɑ:nt-] noun countable
■a long thick glove (= hand covering) , worn for protection 长手套；防护手套
UK ['gɔ:nt.lət] US ['gɑ:nt-] noun countable
run the gauntlet
■to have to deal with a lot of people who are criticizing or attacking you 受到众人的批评（或攻击）；受到夹道攻击
• Every day they had to run the gauntlet of hostile journalists on their way to school. 每天去学校的路上他们都要受到一群不友好的记者的围追堵截。
UK ['gɔ:nt.lət] US ['gɑ:nt-] noun countable
take/pick up the gauntlet
■to agree to fight or compete with someone 接受挑战
UK ['gɔ:nt.lət] US ['gɑ:nt-] noun countable
throw down the gauntlet
■to invite someone to fight or compete with you 发出挑战
• A price war looks likely now that a leading supermarket has thrown down the gauntlet to its competitors. 一场价格战似乎一触即发，因为一个龙头超级市场已经向对手们发出了挑战。
n. 长手套；（古时士兵戴的）金属护手；夹道鞭笞的刑罚；交叉射击；严酷考验
 - gantlet, cross-fire

Word: fortnightly
Front: fortnightly
[ˈfɔ:tnaɪtli] (41945/18898)
Back: adj. & adv. <英>两星期（发生、出现）一次的[地]，每两周的[地]
n. 双周刊
分布：双周刊(30%)，每两星期一次的(17%)，隔周发行的(17%)，每两星期一次地(17%)，隔周(14%)，隔周出版物(5%)
n. 双周刊
 - bi-weekly

Word: fetter
Front: fetter
[ˈfetə(r)] (托雅宝 33738/23633)
Vocabulary: fetter
(once / 699 pages)
nv
A fetter is a shackle or chain that is attached to someone’s ankles. To fetter someone is to restrict their movement, either literally or metaphorically. You might feel fettered by your parents' rules, even without the chains.
A fetter is anything that secures and limits the movement of the feet and legs of a prisoner. To fetter, the verb, could be used literally: the prison wardens would fetter the chain gangs who built many of the railroads in the US., but it usually means something has been done to restrain someone’s behavior: "we finally managed to fetter our sons’ computer use with bribery."
WORD FAMILY
fetter: fettered, fettering, fetters+/fettered: unfettered
USAGE EXAMPLES
“We were waiting and listening as for a bolt from the sky, which should rend the fetters of four millions of slaves,” Douglass recalled.
The New Yorker(Nov 13, 2016)
Fetters added she was still in the “never Trump” camp, and considering becoming #Never Cruz too.”
Seattle Times(Sep 23, 2016)
So there it stands — rooted to its native soil, blameless yet punished, and fettered by bonds it still can't shake.
Washington Post(Sep 03, 2016)
Back: n. 脚镣; 束缚
vt. 给…上脚镣，束缚
时态：fettered, fettering, fetters
分布：束缚(45%)，脚镣(29%)，桎梏(12%)，限制(10%)，为 ... 上脚镣(4%)
→来自古英语fetor, 链子，特指脚链，词源同foot.
【记】fet＝feet脚，ter：脚镣
【反】set free（释放）；liberate＝loose（v 释放；解放）；enfranchise（v 解放）－enfetter（v 束缚）；management（管理）－unfettered liberty（没有约束的自由）
US ['fetˌ.ɚ] verb transitive literary
■to keep someone within limits or stop them making progress 束缚；限制；抑制
• He felt fettered by a nine-to-five office existence. 朝九晚五的办公室生活让他觉得颇受束缚。
■to tie someone to a place by putting chains around their ankles 给（某人）上脚镣
vt. 束缚；加脚镣
 - chain, bound
n. 束缚；羁绊；脚镣
 - chain, restriction, cord

Word: gansu

Word: grandpa
Front: grandpa
[ˈgrænpɑ:] (中 14478/17273)
Vocabulary: grandpa
(once / 1530 pages)
n
Your grandpa is your grandfather; in other words, your grandpa is your mom or dad's dad. Grandpa is the most common name people use for their grandfather, but you might call yours "Gramps."
While you may refer to him as your grandfather, you're more likely to call him grandpa. It's an informal, childish nickname, a shortened form of grandpappa, most popular in the 1700s, which spawned grandpappy and grandpop as well. When you are referring to your mom or dad's mother, you can replace the "p" with an "m" and use the word (yes, you guessed it!) grandma.
WORD FAMILY
grandpa: grandpas
USAGE EXAMPLES
“My grandma and grandpa plan their vacations around my schedule.”
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
That bomb shelter Grandpa built in 1962 is looking like a smart investment after all.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
He also volunteered with Carol at St. Anthony of Padua Catholic School, where the students called them “Grandma” and “Grandpa.”
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. <非正>爷爷，外公，老太爷
分布：爷爷(90%)，外公(10%)
/'græm-] noun countable informal for
■ grandfather
n. 爷爷；外公
 - maternal grandfather

Word: helle

Word: guitarist
Front: guitarist
[gɪˈtɑ:rɪst] (9588/6812)
Back: n. 吉他弹奏者
分布：吉他弹奏者(100%)
US [-'tɑ:r.ɪst] noun countable
■a person who plays the guitar 吉他手，吉他演奏者
• a classical/folk/rock guitarist 古典／民间／摇滚音乐吉他演奏者

Word: gumption
Front: gumption
[ˈgʌmpʃn] (26054/42052)
Vocabulary: gumption
(once / 13988 pages)
n
If you have gumption, you have guts. People with gumption are determined and full of courage — and common sense, too.
If you easily give up, and don't have a lot of confidence or smarts, then you are lacking in gumption. It takes gumption to get things done — especially difficult things. Someone who takes risks without being afraid has gumption. Having gumption is like having "chutzpah." We all could probably use more gumption. Like common sense, it isn't that common.
WORD FAMILY
gumption: gumptions
USAGE EXAMPLES
And they did so with an underdog’s gumption even before the opening kickoff.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 01, 2017)
Her grandmother bragged to friends about the little girl’s gumption, and Norton’s confidence soared.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
That kind of gumption was recently on display on a Wit PR conference call.
New York Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. <口>机智; 足智多谋; 进取精神; 常识
分布：进取心(52%)，魄力(30%)，机智(11%)，精明(7%)
→词源不详，可能来自方言词gome, 注意，留意，词源同gormless.
['gʌmp.ʃən] informal
noun uncountable
■the ability to decide what is the best thing to do in a particular situation, and to do it with energy and determination 精明能干；魄力；勇气；进取心
• She had the gumption to write directly to the company manager and persuade him to give her a job. 她很有勇气，竟然直接给公司经理写信，想说服他给她一份工作。
n. 进取心；气概；精力
 - enterprise, energy, steam, push, vigor

Word: hoary
Front: hoary
[ˈhɔ:ri] (宝 25494/32663)
Vocabulary: hoary
(once / 2064 pages)
adj
Use the adjective hoary to describe something that is old and worn out — like the hoary jokes your great uncle Albert clings to.
The word hoary can also be used to describe something that is white or gray with age. Santa is usually depicted with a hoary beard and hoary hair, although sometimes mall Santas have to fake this with wigs and artificial beards. Hoary can also mean covered with white down — "The hoary leaves felt like velvet to the touch."
WORD FAMILY
hoary: hoarier, hoariest, hoarily, hoariness+/hoariness: hoarinesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
The plot also pivots on a few simply hoary devices, including more than one pregnancy reveal.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The hoariest of the cliches about financial markets is that they hate uncertainty.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
FOR two centuries a hoary prophecy held that Thailand’s Chakri dynasty would produce no more than nine kings.
Economist(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. （尤指毛发）因年老而变灰或变白的; 古老的，陈旧的; 灰白
级别：hoarier, hoariest
分布：古老的(53%)，灰白的(47%)
→来自hoar,灰白的。引申词义头发灰白的，陈旧的。
【记】人一旦hoarse，就会hoary
US ['hɔ:r.i] adjective old-fashioned
■very old and familiar and therefore not interesting or funny 老掉牙的，老套的
• He told a few hoary old jokes and nobody laughed. 他讲了几个老掉牙的笑话，没人觉得好笑。
literary
■(of a person) very old and white- or grey-haired （人）老的，白发的，头发灰白的
adj. 久远的，古老的； [植] [动] 灰白的
 - old, ancient, grey, far

Word: hatted

Word: hoe
Front: hoe
[həʊ] (六托宝 15567/21051 -1)
Vocabulary: hoe
(once / 1326 pages)
nv
A hoe is a gardening tool made up of a long handle with a sharp metal blade at the end, used to stab the ground and loosen it.
Hoe can be a noun or a verb, so you can use your hoe to remove weeds from a lawn, or you can hoe your garden and make it ready to plant. The word shares the same root as hew, which is a verb that means "to strike, chop, or cut." The “oe” seems tricky, but remember that it never changes, and even if you’re hoeing with three hoes in grass you hoed yesterday, the hoe stays the same.
WORD FAMILY
hoe: hoed, hoeing, hoes, hoing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The guy working with a hoe and oxen is still struggling, and will stay struggling.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
The very same gender he claims not to buy into was swiftly weaponised, though, when he began referring to women as “hoes”.
The Guardian(Dec 13, 2016)
It depicts an Uzbek peasant with a hoe who is asking for a job from the leader.
BBC(Dec 03, 2016)
Back: n. 锄头; 草耙，除草器; 锄草
vt. & vi. 用锄除（草等）; 用锄（松土等）
vi. 用锄耕地
时态：hoed, hoeing, hoes
分布：锄头(88%)，铲除(7%)，锄地(5%)
→来自kau,砍，劈，击，词源同hew,hay.用于指锄头。
【记】源于：Hoe何欧（1812-1886）美国发明家及制造商，发明了锄头hoe不好容易hoe到自己的toe（n 脚趾；足尖）
US [hoʊ] noun countable
■a garden tool with a long handle and a short blade used to remove weeds and break up the surface of the ground 锄头

Word: impresario
Front: impresario
[ˌɪmprəˈsɑ:riəʊ] (宝 20073/22486)
Vocabulary: impresario
(once / 6611 pages)
n
An impresario is a promoter: someone who books, promotes, and organizes shows such as concerts.
Impresario comes from an Italian word for a businessperson, and in English it especially refers to someone in the promotion business. In the music business, Bill Graham was a famous impresario who arranged concerts for huge bands such as The Rolling Stones and Pink Floyd. An impresario signs a band — or other entertainment — and makes a deal with the venue. Impresarios then arrange advertising and promotion to alert fans and arrange for tickets to be sold. Impresarios make shows happen.
WORD FAMILY
impresario: impresarios
USAGE EXAMPLES
And Mr. Putin’s idea of a tough leader probably looks more like a Spetsnaz commando than a former beauty pageant impresario.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Star is the erratic follow-up to Daniels’ onetime monster hit Empire, a multigenerational soap opera about the Lyons clan, music business impresarios.
Slate(Dec 14, 2016)
An impresario and talent manager named Slim Loose Cannon understands the violence of St Louis all too well.
The Guardian(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. （演出的）主办人，经理
分布：经理人(48%)，制作人(29%)，主办者(23%)
→来自意大利语impresa,承担，从事，来自im-,进入，使，-pres,缩写自prehens,抓住，词源同prehensile,comprehension.即从事的事业，特指与戏剧相关的事业，后引申词义剧院经理。
(娱乐圈的)经理人(impresar,意大利语,意为管理)"[-o 1.表名词"人,物或状态"2.表名词,用于音乐术语]
【记】impresar事业，经营，（源于emprise），io以o结尾的意大利语和音乐有关－剧团经理
US [-'sɑ:r.i.oʊ] (plural impresarios)
noun countable
■a person who arranges different types of public entertainment, such as theatre, musical and dance events （戏剧、音乐、舞蹈等公共娱乐演出的）经理，主办人
• London's leading theatrical impresario 伦敦一流的戏剧经理
n. （意）（歌剧、乐团等的）演出者；经理人；乐队指挥，导演
 - director, managing agent

Word: insofar
Front: insofar
[ˌɪnsəʊ'fɑ:] (9878/48795)
Vocabulary: insofar
(once / 16837 pages)
adv
Use insofar to mean "as much" or "to the extent." You might, for example, say, "I will get my math homework done insofar as I can.
The adverb insofar is somewhat old fashioned and uncommon these days, but it's a good way to talk about doing something to a certain degree or extent. You might accuse your boss of treating her employees well only insofar that it improves her business, or decide that math is only interesting to you insofar as it seems useful in daily life. The British form of insofar is in so far.
WORD FAMILY
insofar
USAGE EXAMPLES
Paterson, by contrast, seems recessive, reactive and, insofar as the entire movie is based on patterns of repetition, thoroughly predictable.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Jonathan Savella, a lawyer for Huggins, said he was "pleased with the outcome insofar as it will allow him to seek a lower sentence."
Reuters(Dec 19, 2016)
He, like his players, sacrifices himself for the team, insofar as his approach to management is quite egoless.
The Guardian(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adv. 在这个范围，到这种程度
分布：到这种程度(67%)，在这个范围内(33%)

Word: insertion
Front: insertion
[ɪnˈsɜ:ʃn] (14660/9116)
Vocabulary: insertion
(once / 2691 pages)
n
An insertion is when you put something into another thing, like the insertion of a key into a lock, or the insertion of a comment into a conversation.
You probably notice that the noun insertion contains the verb insert, meaning “put in.” An insertion is something that’s put into something else. It can be used literally to describe, for example, the insertion of a page in a binder, but it also can be used more figuratively. For example, the insertion of the president into office happens every four years. And your brother may constantly make insertions into discussions he knows nothing about.
WORD FAMILY
insertion: insertions+/ insert: inserted, inserting, insertion, inserts
USAGE EXAMPLES
They note his quick release and how his accuracy helped change USC after his insertion into the starting lineup in mid-September.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
We are looking for an advertising coordinator to facilitate the approval and insertion of podcast ads for Slate, Panoply, and its partner podcasts.
Slate(Dec 12, 2016)
In Oklahoma, an inmate writhed and grimaced in 2014 before dying; an investigation later found issues with the IV insertion.
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. 插入（物）
分布：插入(96%)，插入物(4%)
插入(insert+ion)[sert=join,insert表示"加入,插入"]
US [-'sɝ:-] noun
uncountable
■the act of putting something inside something else, or adding something, especially words to something else 插入，添加（尤指文字）
• Scientists hope that the insertion of normal genes into the diseased cells will provide a cure. 科学家希望在病变细胞里植入正常基因会成为一种新的有效疗法。
countable
■something you put inside something else or something, especially words that you add to something else 插入，添加（尤指文字）
• Any editorial insertions you make should be enclosed in square brackets. 编辑时增加的任何内容都必须括在方括号里。
n. 插入； [计] 嵌入；插入物
 - interpolation, inlet

Word: inquisitive
Front: inquisitive
[ɪnˈkwɪzətɪv] (托宝 17122/14648 -1)
Vocabulary: inquisitive
(once / 1153 pages)
adj
If you are inquisitive that means you love to inquire; you’re always asking questions. Don’t become a private detective if you don’t have an inquisitive personality.
The old word for question is query, which you can hear in inquire, which means to ask questions. That toddler always asking “why?” is going through an inquisitive stage of development. If someone throws relentlessly hard questions at us, we might call it an inquisition. If your daughter brings her boyfriend home to dinner, be gently inquisitive, but try not to turn it into an inquisition. You'll just make him nervous.
WORD FAMILY
inquisitive: inquisitively, inquisitiveness, uninquisitive+/ inquire: inquired, inquirer, inquires, inquiring, inquiry, inquisitive /inquirer: inquirers/inquiring: inquiringly, inquirings, uninquiring/ inquiry: inquiries/uninquiring: uninquiringly/uninquisitive: uninquisitively
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ali, a tall, inquisitive man, was well aware of the threat.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
They carried with them little more than their winter coats and an illustrated manuscript about an inquisitive monkey named Fifi.
The New Yorker(Dec 23, 2016)
"These are not thinly politically disguised male characters, they are female: caring and compassionate, independent, smart and inquisitive," says Prof Napier.
BBC(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: adj. 好问的，好奇的; 爱打听的
n. 好询问的人; 爱打听别人事情的人
分布：好奇的(82%)，爱打听的(14%)，求知欲强的(4%)
→来自inquire,查询，询问，-s,过去分词后缀。引申词义问得过多的，好打听的，同时，也可作为褒义词指好学的。
过分好问的(in进入+quis问,寻求)[-itive表形容词"…的"]
US [-tˌɪv] adjective
■wanting to discover as much as you can about things, sometimes in a way that annoys people 好问的；爱钻研的；好打听的
• an inquisitive child 好奇爱问的小孩
• an inquisitive mind 爱钻研的人
• She could see inquisitive faces looking out from the windows next door. 她可以看到一张张好奇的面孔从隔壁房子的窗户向外探望。
adj. 好奇的；好问的，爱打听的
 - curious, intrigued

Word: inexact
Front: inexact
[ˌɪnɪgˈzækt] (26569/34630)
Vocabulary: inexact
(once / 14379 pages)
adj
Something inexact is vague or not quite correct. If a doctor gives you an inexact diagnosis, you might want to see a specialist for a more specific opinion.
When a poem's translation from one language to another is inexact, a lot of the original meaning can be lost. Some things, like weather prediction, simply have to be inexact — you could call meteorology, or the study of weather patterns, an "inexact science." The Latin root is exactus, "precise or accurate," with the added prefix in-, or "not."
WORD FAMILY
inexact: inexactest, inexactly, inexactness+/ exact: exacted, exacter, exactest, exacting, exactingly, exaction, exactly, exactness, exacts, inexact / exacting: unexacting/exaction: exactions/ exactly: exactlys/exactness: exactnesses/inexactness: inexactnesses/unexacting: unexactingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The parallels to subprime mortgage lending are inexact; the mortgage market, for example, dwarfs auto lending.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
We add this caveat: exit polling is notoriously inexact, and should not be mistaken for actual results.
The Guardian(Nov 08, 2016)
The Argonne researchers are exploring ideas put forward by Dr. Palem, who in 2003 first proposed an idea he described as “inexact computing.”
New York Times(Oct 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 不准确的，不精确的; 不确切
分布：不精确的(82%)，不准确的(18%)
→in-,不，非，exact,精确的。
adjective
■not exact or not known in detail 不精确的，不准确的
• Estimates of the numbers involved remain inexact. 有关数量的估计仍然不精确。
adj. 不精确的；不严格的；不正确的
 - loose, relaxed, improper

Word: interconnection
Front: interconnection
[ˌɪntəkə'nekʃn] (18608/16566)
Back: n. 互相连络
分布：互相连络(100%)
N-VAR
相互关联;相互联系
If you say that there is an interconnection between two or more things, you mean that they are very closely connected.
例：...the thematic interconnection between the stories.这些故事主题之间的相互关联
例：...the alarming interconnection of drug abuse and AIDS infection.滥用毒品与艾滋病感染之间让人警醒的关联

Word: irrationality
Front: irrationality
[ɪˌræʃə'nælətɪ] (23101/20814)
Back: n. 不合理
分布：不合理(79%)，无理性(21%)
n. 不合理，无理性
 - unreason, inconsequence

Word: interception
Front: interception
[ˌɪntə'sepʃn] (8255/16988)
Back: n. 中途夺取，拦截，侦听; 阻留; 定方位; 断球
分布：拦截(71%)，截取(17%)，窃听(12%)
[cept=take拿取]
VERB
拦截;截住;截击
If you intercept someone or something that is travelling from one place to another, you stop them before they get to their destination.
例：Gunmen intercepted him on his way to the airport...持枪歹徒在他去机场的路上截击了他。
例：Dodd intercepted a ball intended for Smith...多德拦截了给史密斯的球。
n. [航] [军] 拦截，截住；截断，截取；侦听，窃听
 - truncation, wiretapper

Word: matchmaking
Front: matchmaking
['mætʃmeɪkɪŋ] (31383/-)
Back: n. 作媒; 安排比赛; 火柴制造（业）
分布：火柴制造(51%)，缔缘(33%)，作媒(16%)

Word: mpeg

Word: lignin
Front: lignin
['lɪgnɪn] (35312/-)
Back: n. 木质素
分布：名词(100%)
n. [木] 木质素
 - xylogen

Word: minivan
Front: minivan
[ˈmɪnivæn] (9671/-)
Back: n. 小型货车
分布：小型货车(100%)
noun countable US (UK _people ^carrier)
■a large, high car which can carry more people than a normal car 小客车
n. 小型货车
 - jubilee wagon, cocopan

Word: marshmallow
Front: marshmallow
[ˌmɑ:ʃˈmæləʊ] (15150/37381)
Vocabulary: marshmallow
(once / 11554 pages)
n
A marshmallow is a sweet, soft treat. Marshmallows are sometimes melted and turned into a sugary topping for ice cream or a filling for baked goods.
Marshmallows are made of gelatin and sugar, with a dusty powdered sugar surface, and they squish like a sponge when you squeeze or bite down on them. Marshmallows can be toasted over a fire to turn them slightly crisp on the outside and melty within, and sandwiched between graham crackers with chocolate to make a "s'more." The original 19th century marshmallows were made from a plant called mersc-mealwe (marsh mallow plant) in Old English.
WORD FAMILY
marshmallow: marshmallows
USAGE EXAMPLES
“People always tell me they’re not a marshmallow person,” she said.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Her signature item is the best-selling oatmeal marshmallow cookie — soft oatmeal cookies sandwiching a generous dollop of fluff.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
I use a marshmallow and shrimp combo on a slip sinker rig, scented with Graybills Guide Formula.
Seattle Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 蜀葵糖浆; 棉花软糖
分布：棉花糖(84%)，药属葵(11%)，药属葵蜜饯(5%)
→marsh,沼泽，mallow,锦葵。原指一种生长在沼泽的锦葵植物，后用于指用这种植物的根制成的棉花软糖。
US ['mɑ:rʃˌmæl.oʊ] noun
SWEET 糖果
countable or uncountable
■a soft, sweet pink or white food 棉花软糖
• Why don't we toast some marshmallows over the fire? 何不在火上烤些棉花软糖呢？
UK ['mɑ:ʃˌmæl.əʊ] US ['mɑ:rʃˌmæl.oʊ] noun
COWARD 懦夫
countable informal humorous
■a person who is not strong, brave or confident 怯懦的人；不自信的人
• The situation called for someone tough, and I was a complete marshmallow. 这种局面需要一个自信坚定的人，而我太胆小软弱了。
n. 棉花糖；蜀葵糖剂；药蜀葵
 - spun sugar, candy-floss

Word: northernmost
Front: northernmost
[ˈnɔ:ðənməʊst] (20503/33252)
Back: adj. 最北的，极北的
分布：最北的(100%)
US ['nɔ:r.ðɚn.moʊst] adjective
■furthest towards the north of an area 最北端的，极北的
• Cape Columbia is the northernmost point of Canada. 哥伦比亚角位于加拿大的最北端。

Word: multiplicity
Front: multiplicity
[ˌmʌltɪˈplɪsəti] (宝 14352/12154)
Vocabulary: multiplicity
(once / 3347 pages)
n
A multiplicity is a lot of something, usually countable and varied. If you're skilled in juggling, tightrope walking, and lion taming, you could call yourself a circus performer with a multiplicity of talents.
Having a multiplicity of something is more than just having a lot of it. You may have a big pile of white tube socks, but that wouldn't qualify as a multiplicity. You'd have a multiplicity of socks if you've got not just the white tube socks, but striped knee socks for soccer, black silk socks to wear with your tuxedo, wool hiking socks, low tennis socks with pom-poms on the back, and socks with little pockets for your toes.
WORD FAMILY
multiplicity: multiplicities+/ multiple: multiples, multiplicity, multiply / multiplication: multiplications/multiplicative: multiplicatively/multiplier: multipliers/ multiply: multiplication, multiplicative, multiplied, multiplier, multiplies, multiplying
USAGE EXAMPLES
One issue that worries Gates is the multiplicity of people surrounding Trump in the White House, seeking to influence an undisciplined chief executive.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Though social media may be connecting the message across borders, it also encourages a multiplicity of voices that should not be ignored.
New York Times(Dec 05, 2016)
But otherwise the work rarely brings a satisfying order to the multiplicity of things the painter is manipulating.
Washington Post(Nov 17, 2016)
Back: n. 多样性
分布：多样(90%)，重复(7%)，多数(3%)
→来自multiply,乘，多倍。引申词义多样性。
US [-tˌə'plɪs.ə.tˌi] noun uncountable formal
■a large number or wide range (of something) 多种多样，多样性
• There is a multiplicity of fashion magazines to choose from. 有多种时尚杂志可供选择。
n. [物] 多样性； [数] 多重性
 - diversity

Word: narrate
Front: narrate
[nəˈreɪt] (研 10439/19408 -1)
Vocabulary: narrate
(once / 148 pages)
v
When you tell a story or describe something out loud, you narrate. You might hire a well-known actor to narrate your documentary film about circus elephants.
One way to narrate is to comment on or describe visual images — photographs or scenes in a film, for example. You can also narrate a story simply by relaying the details aloud. In books, a character sometimes narrates the story as well. It appears that narration, or the action of telling a story, came before narrate, from the Latin root narrare, "to tell, relate, or recount," or literally, "to make acquainted with."
WORD FAMILY
narrate: narrated, narrates, narrating, narration, narrative, narrator +/ narration: narrations/ narrative: narratively, narratives/ narrator: narrators
USAGE EXAMPLES
In “20th Century Women,” the five main characters periodically narrate their own and one another’s biographies.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
He also narrated episodes of the “Underdog” cartoon series.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
As a voice actor, he narrated the cartoon “Underdog” and played the Heat Miser in the animated “The Year Without a Santa Claus.”
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 讲，谈到，叙述; 做旁白说明; 讲故事
vi. 叙述，讲述
时态：narrated, narrating, narrates
分布：叙述(100%)
→来自拉丁语narrare,告知，解释，来自gno,去知道，了解，词源同can,know.引申词义叙述，告知。字母g脱落，-r,拉丁语现在不定式格，比较affair,fact.
verb transitive
■to tell a story, often by reading aloud from a text, or to describe events as they happen 讲（故事）；叙述
• Documentaries are often narrated by well-known actors. 纪录片常常由著名演员作旁白。
• One by one the witnesses narrated the sequence of events which led up to the disaster. 目击者一个接一个叙述了导致惨剧发生的一系列事件。
vt. 叙述；给…作旁白
 - relate, recount
vi. 叙述；讲述
 - tell about, tell of

Word: obstinacy
Front: obstinacy
['ɒbstɪnəsɪ] (宝 28241/21402)
Vocabulary: obstinacy
(once / 1167 pages)
n
Obstinacy is the quality of firmly sticking to your own viewpoint or desires. If you’ve ever watched a persistent two-year-old who wants something she’s been denied, you’ve witnessed obstinacy at its purest.
Adults show obstinacy too of course, when they refuse to be moved or change their mind. Obstinacy can also refer to a situation or trait that is hard to overcome, as in the obstinacy of a physics problem that will not be solved or molasses that will not be stirred. Obstinacy is a noun for obstinate behavior — it can also be called bullheadedness, pigheadedness, willfulness, and plain old stubbornness.
WORD FAMILY
obstinacy: obstinacies+/ obstinate: obstinacy, obstinance, obstinately, obstinater, obstinates, obstinatest, obstinating
USAGE EXAMPLES
Still, there were moments when the obstinacy that characterized so much of the news was set aside.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Still, there were moments when the obstinacy that characterized so much of the news was set aside.
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
At another level, however, his selfish, grandiose obstinacy is dangerous.
US News(Oct 20, 2016)
Back: n. 顽固; 顽强; （病痛等的）难治; 顽固的事例
分布：顽固(100%)
顽固,顽强(ob+stin+acy)[st,sta,stat,stan,stant,stin=stand表示"站,立"]
n. 固执，顽固；（病痛等的）难治，难解除
 - stiffness, persistence

Word: pagoda
Front: pagoda
[pəˈgəʊdə] (22429/34468)
Vocabulary: pagoda
(once / 3521 pages)
n
A pagoda is a tiered building that rises to a point. Most pagodas have some religious significance and are found in Asia.
One particular type of Buddhist or Taoist temple rises in the shape of a pyramid or a rounded pyramid — this is called a pagoda. The word may make you think of China or Japan, and in fact most pagodas are found in those two countries, as well as other parts of Asia, including Cambodia, Nepal, and India. Pagoda comes from the Portuguese pagode, although its origin is uncertain. One possible root is the Tamil word pagavadi, "house belonging to a deity."
WORD FAMILY
pagoda: pagodas
USAGE EXAMPLES
Kengo Kuma, the architect of the new stadium, chose a wooden lattice design that echoes traditional styles seen in Japanese shrines and pagodas.
The Guardian(Dec 11, 2016)
Accommodations range from simple rooms to gorgeous octagonal pagodas.
Washington Post(Dec 08, 2016)
At the pagoda—a close replica of the historic Shwedagon Pagoda in Yangon—there were no monks on a recent visit.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 塔，宝塔
分布：浮屠(100%)
→可能来自中国古代的八角塔音译，后由欧洲人将该词引入欧洲，或来自波斯语butkada,来自but,神，kada,庙。
US [-'goʊ-] noun countable
■a tall religious building in Asia with many levels, each of which has a curved roof （亚洲的）塔，宝塔

Word: outage
Front: outage
[ˈaʊtɪdʒ] (14819/-)
Back: n. （尤指电力的）断供期，断供
分布：断电(74%)，中断供应(13%)，储运损耗(13%)
→比喻用法。
US [-tˌɪdʒ] US
noun countable
■a period when a service, such as electricity, is not available 停电（等）期间
• The radio news reported power outages affecting 50 homes. 广播新闻报道说停电影响到50户家庭。

Word: orinoco

Word: overrate
Front: overrate
[ˌəʊvəˈreɪt] (29696/41677)
Back: vt. 对（质量、能力等）估价过高
时态：overrated, overrating, overrates
分布：高估(79%)，评价过高(13%)，估价过高(8%)
→over-,超过，过度，rate,估计。
US [ˌoʊ.vɚ-] verb transitive often passive
■to have too good an opinion of something 高估；对…评价太高
• Be careful not to overrate the opposition. 当心，不要高估了对手。

Word: paternalist
Front: paternalist
[pə'tɜ:nəlɪst] (-/39094)
Back: n. 实行家长制统治的人，家长主义者
分布：实行家长制统治的人(50%)，家长主义者(50%)

Word: photocopy
Front: photocopy
[ˈfəʊtəʊkɒpi] (雅 18377/14315 -K1)
Back: n. 影印本; 复印件
v. 影印，照相复制; 复印
时态：photocopied, photocopying, photocopies
分布：影印(84%)，影印本(16%)
→phot-,光，copy,复制，复印。
US ['foʊ.tˌoʊˌkɑ:.pi] noun countable
■a photographic copy of a document made on a photocopier 影印本，影本
• I'll just make a photocopy of the agreement. 我只是要把这份协议影印一份。
n. [图情] 复印件；影印
 - xerocopy, hard copy
vi. [图情] 影印，复印
 - copy

Word: leftwards
Front: leftwards
['leftwədz] (-/38218)
Back: adv. 左方地，左侧地
分布：左侧地(60%)，左方地(40%)
US [-wɚdz/ (mainly US leftward)
adverb
■towards the left in politics 左倾，向左
• He accused the party leadership of moving leftwards. 他指责该党领导层走向左倾。

Word: harrisburg

Word: recessionary
Front: recessionary
[rɪˈseʃnri] (28059/22401)
Back: adj. （经济）萧条的; 衰退的
分布：衰退期的(100%)
adj. （经济）衰退的；衰退期的
 - declining

Word: sulphate
Front: sulphate
[ˈsʌlfeɪt] (35642/10829 -1)
Back: n. [化]硫酸盐; 硫酸酯
v. 使硫酸盐化; 用硫酸盐处理; 使与硫酸盐化合
分布：硫酸盐(100%)
→来自 sulphur,硫，硫磺，-ate,化学名词后缀，表盐。
(mainly US sulfate) ['sʌl.feɪt] noun countable or uncountable
■a chemical formed from sulphur , oxygen and another element 硫酸盐；硫酸酯
n. 硫酸盐
 - sulfate
vi. 硫酸盐化
 - sulfate

Word: sufism

Word: foh

Word: spymaster
Front: spymaster
[ˈspaɪmɑ:stə(r)] (37630/-)
Back: n. 间谍组织的首脑
分布：间谍组织的首脑(100%)

Word: swot

Word: supersymmetry
Front: supersymmetry
[sju:pə'sɪmɪtrɪ] (41902/-)
Back: n. 超对称性
分布：名词(100%)

Word: synthesise

Word: comfy
Front: comfy
[ˈkʌmfi] (16058/19160)
Back: adj. 舒服的，轻松的
级别：comfier, comfiest
分布：舒适的(94%)，=comfortable(6%)
adjective informal for
■comfortable
• a comfy chair 舒适的椅子
adj. 舒服的；轻松的（等于comfortable）
 - easiest, cushy

Word: creel
Front: creel
[kri:l] (30234/40934)
Back: n. 鱼篮，捕虾篮，线轴架; 虾笼; 纱架
分布：名词(100%)
→来自sker, 弯，转，编织，词源同cradle.

Word: critter
Front: critter
[ˈkrɪtə(r)] (13669/48417)
Vocabulary: critter
(once / 2838 pages)
n
A critter is an animal. If you hear scratching noises in your ceiling at night, you can be sure that some kind of critter is living in your attic.
Critter is an informal word for any living creature, from a wolf to a spider. You might like going to watch various critters at the zoo, or live on a small farm where you can keep critters of your own, like goats and chickens. Critter first appeared in the early 19th century, a shortened slang or joking form of the word creature.
WORD FAMILY
critter: critters
USAGE EXAMPLES
No word on whether the critter replaced its divots.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Ick factor aside, some little critters are actually full of important nutrients.
Time(Dec 07, 2016)
However, Craft Crickets, with mostly young critters who reside in lid-covered plastic containers, is surprisingly quiet.
Washington Times(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: n. 动物; 人， （尤指）可怜的人
分布：家畜(100%)
→来自creature的委婉表达。
US ['krɪtˌ.ɚ] (also crittur) US not standard
noun countable
■a creature 生灵，动物
n. 人；家畜；马；牛
 - person, horse, cattle, creature, human being

Word: eulogy
Front: eulogy
[ˈju:lədʒi] (托宝 17738/22726)
Vocabulary: eulogy
(once / 1415 pages)
n
At every funeral, there comes a moment when someone speaks about the life of the person who died. The speaker is delivering what is known as a eulogy. A eulogy is a formal speech that praises a person who has died.
Usually a eulogy makes the dead person sound a lot more impressive than they really were. A couple of less common synonyms for this kind of "praise the dead" speech are panegyric and encomium. Sometimes the dead person was so unimpressive that there's nothing nice to say. And sometimes they were so awful that the only appropriate speech is a dyslogy that describes their faults and failings.
WORD FAMILY
eulogy: eulogies, eulogise, eulogist, eulogistic, eulogize +/eulogise: eulogised, eulogises, eulogising/eulogist: eulogists/ eulogistic: eulogistically/ eulogize: eulogized, eulogizes, eulogizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Modernism is our antiquity,” the historian T. J. Clark wrote in “Farewell to an Idea,” his 1999 eulogy for the art of the last century.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
But don’t expect a eulogy for the internal combustion engine any time soon.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
When he died, in the spring of 1983, eulogies poured in from all over the world.
The New Yorker(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 颂词，颂文
分布：悼词(48%)，颂词(26%)，颂扬(26%)
→eu-, 好的。-log, 说，词源同lecture, lesson.
颂辞,称赞(eu好+logy→说好话)[log,logu=speak,表示"说话"]
【反】denunciation（n 谴责）；diatribe（n 恶骂；诽谤）；defamation（n 诽谤；诋毁）；stricture（n 责难）
['ju:.lə.dʒi] formal
noun countable or uncountable
■a speech, piece of writing, poem, etc. containing great praise, especially for someone who recently died or stopped working 悼词，悼文；（为刚刚退休的人所作的）颂词，颂文
• He was the most self-effacing of men - the last thing he would have relished was a eulogy. 他为人极其谦逊，最不喜听颂辞。
• The song was a eulogy to the joys of travelling. 这是一首赞颂旅行乐趣的歌曲。
n. 悼词；颂词；颂扬；赞词
 - celebration, tribute

Word: soluble
Front: soluble
[ˈsɒljəbl] (研四六托雅宝 18497/12780 -1)
Vocabulary: soluble
(once / 1348 pages)
1adj 2adj
Sugar is soluble. It dissolves easily in water. You can also use the word to describe a problem that can be solved easily.
How are the two definitions of soluble related? When you dissolve something in a liquid, the combination is known as a solvent or a solution. All of these "sol-" words descend from the Latin word that means loosen or unfasten. When you dissolve something in water, you loosen the molecules. And if you think of a problem like a knot, to solve it is to loosen it up.
WORD FAMILY
soluble: insoluble, solubility, solubleness, solubly, unsoluble+/insolubility: insolubilities/ insoluble: insolubility, insolubly/ solubility: solubilities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Completed in 1984, the dam sits on a foundation of soluble rock.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Gravity pulls the water through the filter, extracting soluble compounds from the coffee grains during the flow.
BBC(Nov 15, 2016)
The amyloid serves as an infectious seed, which recruits soluble host PrPC for growth.
Nature(Nov 08, 2016)
Back: adj. [化] 可溶的; 可以解决的; 可以解释的; [数]可解的
分布：可解决的(50%)，可溶解的(50%)
→来自 solve,溶解，解决，-uble,形容词后缀。
可溶的(solu+[a]ble[Solv,solu,solut=loosen,表示"松开"]
a.可溶的Salt and sugar are soluble in water.盐和糖可溶于水中.
US ['sɑ:l-] adjective
■able to be dissolved to form a solution 可溶的，易于溶解的
• soluble aspirins 可溶阿斯匹灵
Opposite insoluble
adj. [化学] 可溶的，可溶解的；可解决的
 - dissolvable, solvable

Word: ballyhoo
Front: ballyhoo
[ˌbæliˈhu:] (35026/46914)
Back: n. 呐喊; 喧闹; 大吹大擂; 假大空的宣传
vt. （为…）大吹大擂
时态：ballyhooed, ballyhooing, ballyhoos
分布：大吹大擂(59%)，大肆宣传(41%)
→可能来自拟声词。
US ['---] old-fashioned slang
noun uncountable
■a lot of noise and activity, often with no real purpose 喧闹，吵吵嚷嚷；哗众取宠
• I can't see what all this ballyhoo is about. 我不明白这样大吵大嚷是怎么一回事。
n. 大肆宣传；大吹大擂
 - hype, blurb
vi. 大肆宣传；大吹大擂
 - crow one's head off
vt. 大肆宣传；大吹大擂
 - crow one's head off, hype

Word: impugn
Front: impugn
[ɪmˈpju:n] (宝 22652/25787)
Vocabulary: impugn
(once / 6856 pages)
v
To impugn means to call into question or attack as wrong. If your usually grumpy brother is suddenly nice and sweet, you'll impugn his motives if you're smart — he probably just wants something from you.
The root of impugn is the Latin pugnare which means "to fight," so when you impugn, you are fighting or attacking, but by saying that something is false or wrong. If a candidate has a record that cannot be impugned, his or her opponent might go for a character attack. If you take pride in your work, you will be especially insulted if someone impugns your professionalism or integrity.
WORD FAMILY
impugn: impugnable, impugned, impugning, impugns
USAGE EXAMPLES
He does not impugn religion but, unlike a Mel Gibson, he also doesn’t venerate martyrdom for its own sake.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Will Trump by lauded for the jobs he saves, or impugned for the jobs he doesn’t?
Los Angeles Times(Dec 21, 2016)
They showed efforts to impugn Senator Bernie Sanders of Vermont in his effort to challenge Mrs. Clinton for the nomination.
New York Times(Jul 26, 2016)
Back: vt. 非难，指谪; 对…有怀疑
时态：impugned, impugning, impugns
分布：责难(62%)，抨击(30%)，对...表示怀疑(8%)
→im-,进入，使，-pugn,打，击，刺，词源同pugnacious,pungent.引申词义怀疑，质疑。
责难,抨击(im进入+pugn→打进去→抨击)[Pugn=fight,表示"打斗"]
【记】im进入，pugn斗争－进入斗争－驳斥
【参】pugnacious（adj 好斗的）
【反】champion（vt 拥护；支持）；vindicate（vt 维护；辩护）；endorse（v 背书赞同）；extol（v 赞美）；uphold（vt 支持）
[ɪm'pju:n] formal
verb transitive
■to cause people to doubt someone's character, qualities or reputation by criticizing them 抨击；质疑
• Are you impugning my competence as a professional designer? 你是在质疑我作为专业设计师的能力吗？
vt. 责难；驳斥
 - decry, durn

Word: megabyte
Front: megabyte
[ˈmegəbaɪt] (-/26422 -1)
Back: n. [计]兆字节
分布：兆字节(80%)，百万数元组(20%)
→mega-,百万，兆，byte,字节。
noun countable (written abbreviation MB) specialized
■a unit used in measuring the amount of information a computer can store, which has the value 1 048 576 bytes 百万位元组（电脑储存单位，相当于1 048 576位元组）
n. [计] 兆字节
 - mbyte

Word: bony
Front: bony
[ˈbəʊni] (9500/12812 -1)
Vocabulary: bony
(once / 1460 pages)
adj
Someone who's bony is very thin. Your cat may have been plump when he was young, and become bony as he got older.
If you're so skinny that your bones are prominent, your friends might call you bony and encourage you to eat more. Another way to use the adjective bony is to mean "like bone" or "containing bone." Some animals have bony shells or protective plates — and you might not enjoy your fish dinner if it's way too bony. Bony shares a root with bone, the Old English ban, "bone or tusk."
WORD FAMILY
bony: bonier, boniest, bonily, boniness, bonyness+/ bone: boned, boneless, bonelet, bonelike, bones, boney, boning, bony, debone/boneless: bonelessly/bones: boneses, boness/debone: deboned
USAGE EXAMPLES
The lines provide a record of the tooth’s history: Each line represents the daily deposit of bony tissue called dentine within the tooth’s enamel shell.
Science Magazine(Jan 02, 2017)
But now their set jaws are even more square, and bony, to the point of being skeletal.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
In contrast, Trump’s vote “was incredibly efficient,” said Tom Bonier of TargetSmart, a Democratic data and strategy firm based in Washington.
Seattle Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: adj. 骨的; 多骨的; 骨瘦如柴的; 骨头突出的
分布：瘦骨嶙峋的(61%)，多骨的(24%)，如骨的(15%)
US ['boʊ-] adjective
■very thin 瘦削的；皮包骨头的
• long bony fingers 细长瘦削的手指
adj. 骨的；多骨的；瘦骨嶙峋的；似骨的
 - osseous, osteal

Word: corona
Front: corona
[kəˈrəʊnə] (17199/35293)
Back: n. 日冕，日华
分布：电晕(57%)，日冕(40%)，冠状物(2%)，飞檐的上部(1%)
→词源同corolla, 花冠。因形似花冠而得名。
US [-'roʊ-] (plural coronas or coronae)
noun countable usually singular
■a circle of light that can sometimes be seen around the moon at night, or around the sun during an eclipse (= a situation when the moon is positioned exactly between the sun and the Earth) （指在日食期间的）日冕；月华
n. [物] 电晕；日冕；冠状物
 - sunglow

Word: crux
Front: crux
[krʌks] (宝 15246/14113)
Vocabulary: crux
(once / 11047 pages)
n
The essential point or problem is the crux. People are always trying to get to the crux of a matter or the crux of a problem, while others try to distract them.
The noun crux is often followed by the phrases "of the matter" or "of the problem." When people are trying to identify the crux of something, it's like they want to get to the heart of it. They want to peel back the layers and find out what something is really all about or what is causing the problem. No more beating around the bush!
WORD FAMILY
crux: cruces, cruxes
USAGE EXAMPLES
But that is the crux of King Spa’s appeal: its inimitable otherworldliness.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Ms. Damrau and Mr. Grigolo were especially inspired during the four duets that form the dramatic crux of Gounod’s opera.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Nevertheless, the crux of forecasts for more subdued returns in 2017 rests on simple math.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. （问题的）中心，核心，结症; 坩埚; 关键; 症结
分布：关键(84%)，难题(12%)，坩埚(4%)
→词源同cross,十字，分叉。
难点;关键(crux→十字→十字路口→关键)[cruc,crus,crux=cross,表示"十字形,交叉"]
【记】源于cross十字架（被基督徒们视为关键）
【反】peripheral element（外围要素）
N-SING
(难题或辩论的)关键，最难点，症结
The crux of a problem or argument is the most important or difficult part of it which affects everything else.
例：He said the crux of the matter was economic policy.他说问题的症结在于经济政策。
n. 关键；难题；十字架形，坩埚
 - key, lynchpin

Word: demented
Front: demented
[dɪˈmentɪd] (宝 17632/15179 -1)
Vocabulary: demented
(once / 5325 pages)
adj
Demented is an adjective describing behavior that is crazy, unhinged, or insane. Someone is demented when they have gone off the deep end.
Demented literally means "suffering from dementia," although in current culture it is used quite often to tease a sibling or good friend: "My brother thinks I am demented because I like to eat peanut butter and salami sandwiches."
WORD FAMILY
demented: dementedly, dementedness
USAGE EXAMPLES
So, while you laugh at their demented antics, you find yourself watching them with a special tenderness.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
“If he’s not able to immediately denounce that kind of demented story, there’s something wrong and we need to examine his suitability for public office.”
Time(Dec 08, 2016)
Over the next few years, she became deeply paranoid, suicidal and appeared to be demented.
Washington Post(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: adj. 疯狂的，精神错乱的
v. 精神错乱，变得痴呆（dement的过去分词）
分布：发狂的(100%)
→de-, 向下，离开。-ment, 思想，词源同mind. 指思想偏离正轨的，发狂的。
失去理智的(de去掉+ment+ed→去掉心智)[ment=mind,表示"思考,神智"]
【记】de去掉，ment理智一去掉理智－疯狂的de向下，ment闷他：把他闷在地下室里背3个月GRE－疯狂的
US [-tˌɪd] adjective
■unable to think or act clearly because you are extremely worried, angry or excited by something 忧虑失常的；疯狂的；昏了头的，懵了的
• She was nearly demented with worry when her son didn't come home. 当发现儿子没有回家时，她几乎要急疯了。
■old-fashioned or informal
■mentally ill 精神错乱的，精神不正常的
• The man is demented - he's going to wreck the whole operation. 那个人精神不正常——他会毁了整个行动。
adj. 发狂的，疯狂的；精神错乱的
 - crazy, possessed, mad

Word: periodical
Front: periodical
[ˌpɪəriˈɒdɪkl] (研六托雅宝 12986/10183 -1)
Vocabulary: periodical
(once / 616 pages)
adjn
If your weekend ritual includes reading the Sunday paper from front to back and then comparing stories in the latest celebrity gossip magazines, you appreciate periodicals, publications that come out on a regular basis.
The word periodical is related to period, as in a certain length of time. Periodicals are published with regular lengths of time between issues and are described by that length of time, whether it's daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly, or annual. They may be meant for a general audience like the ones you find on the magazine stand in the airport, or they may be more specialized for readers with specific interests, such as The Journal of the Society for Penguin Appreciation or Window Washer Gazette.
WORD FAMILY
periodical: periodically, periodicals+/ period: periodical, periods
USAGE EXAMPLES
The following year a Boston periodical, the Myrtle, also claimed that Luther “composed the . . . hymn for his children.”
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
This was a book that I had loved all my life, and every year I used to read it, like a periodical medication.
The Guardian(Nov 26, 2016)
She soon took over Godey’s Lady’s Book, which she grew into America’s most popular periodical.
The Guardian(Nov 24, 2016)
Back: n. 期刊; 杂志
adj. 周期的，定期的; 时常发生的; 定期发行的，期刊的
分布：期刊(92%)，定期的(8%)
→来自periodic,周期性的。此处形容词作名词，引申词义周刊。
n.期刊,杂志a.周期的,定期的There are many periodicals in the library.图书馆里有许多期刊.
【记】periodic（adj 周期循环往复的）；period（n 时期；周期）
US [ˌpɪr.i'ɑ:.dɪ-] noun countable
■a magazine or newspaper, especially on a serious subject, that is published regularly （尤指学术）期刊
• She has written for several legal periodicals. 她为几本法律期刊撰稿。
journal, magazine, press, periodical, review, newspaper, publication
这组词都有“出版物或定期刊物”的意思，其区别是：
journal: 本义为“日报”，现在可指定期发生的周刊、月刊、季刊等或指学术团体出版的刊物、杂志或学报。
magazine: 指刊登各种文章、小说、诗歌、评议的杂志。
press: 系报刊总称，也指报界或报业。
periodical: 通常指除日报以外的定期出版刊物。
review: 多指登载评论性文章或讨论重大事件的文章的刊物。
newspaper: 一般指每日出版的报纸。
publication: 指出版物，发行物。
adj. [数] 周期的；定期的
 - regular, stated, time, cyclical
n. 期刊；杂志
 - magazine, journal, serial

Word: pyre
Front: pyre
[ˈpaɪə(r)] (宝 24032/25783)
Vocabulary: pyre
(once / 4309 pages)
n
Pyre rhymes with fire. It's also a noun for a large pile of stuff for burning. Most times a pyre is part of a funeral — the body is burned on it.
From the Greek pura or pur, meaning "fire," pyre came into English in the 17th century. Pyr is also the Czech word for "hot ashes." Remember, a pyre isn't the fire itself but the stuff that helps the fire burn, as firewood at a campfire. People and animals are burned on a pyre as part of a traditional funeral ceremony in some countries.
WORD FAMILY
pyre: pyres
USAGE EXAMPLES
Officials are planning an ornate pyre on a parade ground in the capital, topped by a 50-metre spire.
Economist(Dec 01, 2016)
But the heretic on the pyre would really rather not be set aflame, and so, perhaps, would the pig on the spit.
The New Yorker(Nov 20, 2016)
And as the pyre burned into the twilight, Brad Sieber watched and wept.
Washington Post(Nov 03, 2016)
Back: n. 大堆可燃物，（尤指火葬用的）柴堆
分布：火葬柴堆(100%)
→来自希腊语pyra,葬礼用柴堆，祭祀用神火，来自pyr,火，词源同fire.
火葬柴堆[pyr=fire(火)]
US [paɪr] noun countable
■a large pile of wood on which a dead body is burnt in some parts of the world 火葬堆
• A traditional Hindu custom used to involve widows burning themselves alive on their husbands' funeral pyres. 印度过去有一个传统习俗，就是将寡妇在丈夫的火葬堆上活活烧死殉葬。

Word: psychic
Front: psychic
[ˈsaɪkɪk] (7820/8960 -2)
Vocabulary: psychic
(once / 1518 pages)
nadj
A psychic reads minds and predicts the future. If you were a psychic, you wouldn't have bothered reading this because you would have known what I was going to say.
Psychic can also describe something that has to do with your mind more than your body. You weren't physically harmed when your favorite team lost the championship game, but the psychic pain was considerable. Psychic comes from a Greek word meaning “breath” and “soul”: psychic matters are often felt but not seen.
WORD FAMILY
psychic: psychically, psychics+/ psyche: psyches, psychic, psychical
USAGE EXAMPLES
“All media are extensions of some human faculty – psychic or physical,” he wrote.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
The new original series “Shut Eye,” starring Jeffrey Donovan as a con man who gets genuine psychic visions, is available to stream in its entirety.
Seattle Times(Dec 08, 2016)
“It’s her second bout with psychics,” Harris says.
Seattle Times(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: adj. 精神的; 超自然的; 灵魂的，心灵的
n. 通灵的或有特异功能的人，巫师
分布：心灵的(29%)，通灵的(25%)，精神的(25%)，灵魂的(14%)，通灵的人(7%)
→psych-,精神，灵魂，-ic,形容词后缀。
adjective
KNOWING 通晓的
■having a special mental ability, for example so that you are able to know what will happen in the future or know what people are thinking 通灵的；有特异功能的
• psychic powers 特异功能
['saɪ.kɪk] adjective
MENTAL 精神的
■(especially of an illness) of the mind rather than the body （尤指疾病）精神的
• psychic problems 精神上的问题
['saɪ.kɪk] noun countable
■a person who has a special mental ability, for example being able to know what will happen in the future or what people are thinking 通灵的人；有特异功能的人
• a gifted psychic 有特异功能的人
adj. 精神的；心灵的；灵魂的；超自然的
 - mental, spiritual, inner
n. 灵媒；巫师
 - conjurator, shaman

Word: propellant
Front: propellant
[prəˈpelənt] (托 20595/35761)
Vocabulary: propellant
(once / 52068 pages)
nadj
A propellant is a force or substance that drives something else forward. Your model rocket needs a propellant, or a fuel to push it into the air. You might use something as simple as vinegar and baking soda. Space rockets use solid or liquid propellants, or fuel.
Propellant derives from the word propel, which means to drive something forward with force. A propellant can be fuel, or the explosive charge that pushes a bullet out of a gun. Gases used to propel can be called "propellant gases" and might be stored in a "propellant tank." Note that some dictionaries accept the variant spelling propellent.
WORD FAMILY
propellant: propellants+/ propel: propellant, propelled, propellent, propeller, propelling, propellor, propels, propulsion, propulsive /propelled: self-propelled/propellent: propellents/ propeller: propellers/propelling: self-propelling/propellor: propellors/ propulsion: propulsions/ propulsive: propulsively
USAGE EXAMPLES
Most of the effort expended in a rocket launch is therefore directed towards lifting propellant rather than payload.
Economist(Nov 24, 2016)
But apparently the propellant got so cold it turned solid, Musk said, without elaborating on how exactly that could lead to an explosion.
Washington Post(Nov 08, 2016)
The irregular shape of the crater suggests that the fuel tanks, containing hydrazine propellant, may have exploded, throwing up debris.
The Guardian(Oct 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 推进的
n. 推进物
分布：推进的(43%)，发射火药(23%)，推进物(23%)，=propellent.(11%)
→来自propel,推进，促动。
noun countable or uncountable
■an explosive substance or fuel which causes something to move forwards 推进剂，发射剂
■a gas which is used in aerosols to force the liquid out in very small drops （喷雾容器中提供压力的）压缩气体
adj. [航] 推进的
 - driving, pulsive

Word: psychotic
Front: psychotic
[saɪˈkɒtɪk] (13266/17007 -1)
Vocabulary: psychotic
(once / 10736 pages)
adjn
As an adjective, psychotic describes something that is of or related to an abnormal mental condition often characterized by delusions or hallucinations. Psychotic episodes, for example, are periods of mental instability when people lose contact with reality.
Psychotic is based on the Greek word psykhe, which means mind. As a noun, psychotic is a person suffering from psychosis — that is delusions, hallucinations, or any mental state that includes a loss of reality. Although the noun officially refers to the medical diagnosis, it is sometimes used as a slang to refer to anyone behaving in an erratic manner: "Your friend is a total psychotic! He was jumping on the tables at lunch and shouting song lyrics."
WORD FAMILY
psychotic: antipsychotic, psychotically, psychotics+/antipsychotic: antipsychotics/ psychosis: psychoses, psychotic
USAGE EXAMPLES
Relatives said he suffered from schizophrenia and other psychotic problems.
The Guardian(Dec 12, 2016)
Mr. Zorn, 63, a longtime fixture of downtown Manhattan, is known for composing frenzied, explosive music, riots of psychotically bright colors.
New York Times(Nov 29, 2016)
The grandmother’s psychotic episodes - involving fires and fantasy; disappearances and delusions - push Mike’s grandfather to the limit as he struggles to keep the family intact.
Washington Times(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 精神病的; 患精神病的
n. 精神病患者; 疯子
分布：精神病患者(58%)，精神病的(42%)
→psycho-,精神，心理，-otic,形容词后缀。
精神病人(psych精神+ot+ic)[-ic 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人或学科"3.表名词"某种病"]
US [-'kɑ:.tˌɪk] adjective
■suffering from psychosis (= severe mental disease) 精神病的，患精神病的
• a psychotic disorder 精神错乱
• His dislike of women bordered on the psychotic. 他对女性的厌恶已经接近了精神病的边缘。
adj. 精神病的
 - insane, phrenetic
n. 精神病患者；疯子
 - mental, madman

Word: plumage
Front: plumage
[ˈplu:mɪdʒ] (托 21782/12884 -1)
Vocabulary: plumage
(once / 1497 pages)
n
If you like the looks of the color and pattern formed by a bird’s feathers, then you like its plumage.
The word plumage traces back to the French word plume, meaning feather, and it’s a way of referring to all the feathers that form the color and patterns of a particular bird. For example, birdwatchers study illustrations of birds so that they can recognize, say, a golden hawk in flight by its plumage.
WORD FAMILY
plumage: plumages
USAGE EXAMPLES
Even its brown plumage, amid all the prison gray, seemed colorful.
The New Yorker(Dec 29, 2016)
The amber also allowed the researchers to study the structure of the animal’s plumage in three dimensions.
Science Magazine(Dec 08, 2016)
They have sand-colored plumage that blends with the sandy beaches and shorelines where they nest.
Washington Times(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: n. 鸟类羽毛; 漂亮衣服; 羽衣
分布：翅膀(63%)，鸟类羽毛(27%)，华丽的衣服(10%)
→来自plume,羽毛，-age,集合名词后缀。
羽毛[plum=feather(羽毛)]
【记】plum羽毛，age－羽毛plu＝plus加，m妈妈，age年龄：妈妈的年龄就是想加华丽的衣服
【参】plume（n 羽毛；v 整理羽毛，骚首弄姿）＝preen
noun uncountable
■a bird's covering of feathers （鸟的）全身羽毛
• Male peacocks have beautiful plumage. 雄孔雀有美丽的羽毛。
n. 翅膀；鸟类羽毛
 - wing

Word: plausibility
Front: plausibility
[ˌplɔ:zə'bɪlətɪ] (20915/20416)
Vocabulary: plausibility
(once / 6549 pages)
n
Something's plausibility is how likely it is to be true. You might, for example, question the plausibility of your brother's story about seeing a UFO land in the back yard.
The noun plausibility means "likelihood" or "believability." You're most likely to come across the word in a negative or questioning context, as when someone doubts the plausibility of an action movie's plot or questions the plausibility of a debater's claims and arguments. If you aren't sure you believe something, you'll question its plausibility. The Latin root is plausibilis, "deserving applause or acceptable."
WORD FAMILY
plausibility: plausibilities+/implausibility: implausibilities/ implausible: implausibility, implausibleness, implausibly/ plausible: implausible, plausibility, plausibleness, plausibler, plausiblest, plausibly
USAGE EXAMPLES
There is sometimes a trade-off between plausibility and probability.
Slate(Dec 19, 2016)
The plausibility of that idea was now in question.
Slate(Dec 06, 2016)
A test, say, that gauged the plausibility of a virtual being who communicated by gestures, posture, facial expressions and movement through space?
Time(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: n. 似乎有理; 能言善辩
分布：似有道理(72%)，能言善辩(28%)

Word: polonium
Front: polonium
[pəˈləʊniəm] (37733/-)
Back: n. <化>钋
分布：名词(100%)
→由波兰裔法国物理学家居里夫人Marie Curie于1898年发现的放射性化学元素，以其祖国Poland命名，以表达对祖国的敬意。
US [-'loʊ-] noun uncountable
■a radioactive element which is found in uranium ore 钋（铀矿中发现的一种放射性元素）

Word: roil
Front: roil
[rɔɪl] (宝 15962/-)
Vocabulary: roil
(once / 9213 pages)
v
To roil means to stir up or churn. A stormy ocean might roil, or even a restless crowd.
The word roil is often confused with rile, which has a slightly different meaning. If you roil someone you're stirring them up but not necessarily annoying them. To rile someone is to deliberately provoke or antagonize them. Usually there's no roiling without riling. Muhammad Ali roiled much of America when he refused to be drafted for the Vietnam War.
WORD FAMILY
roil: roiled, roiling, roils
USAGE EXAMPLES
In other news, the diversity issue again roiled Hollywood.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Xinhua noted a "troublesome start" to 2016, probably referring to a sharp fall in the yuan and worry about China's slowing economy roiling markets worldwide.
Reuters(Dec 26, 2016)
That is welcome news for a part of the world roiling with conflict.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: vt. 搅混（液体）; 使烦恼; 使不安; 使生气
时态：roiled, roiling, roils
分布：动荡(48%)，搅浑(29%)，激怒(23%)
【记】读：肉油。肉就够腻的了，还往里面加油给你吃－激怒
【反】settle（v 安放；使定居），clarify（v 澄清）；appease（v 平息；安抚）
VERB
(水)激荡，翻滚，翻腾
If water roils, it is rough and disturbed.
例：The water roiled to his left as he climbed carefully at the edge of the waterfall.当他在瀑布边缘小心攀爬时，水就在他左边奔腾。
VERB
扰乱;搅乱;使混乱
Something that roils a state or situation makes it disturbed and confused.
例：Times of national turmoil generally roil a country's financial markets.在国家动荡不安的时代，该国的金融市场一般都会出现混乱。
vt. 搅浑；惹怒
 - rile, rub the wrong way
vi. 动荡；喧闹
 - whoop up

Word: repentant
Front: repentant
[rɪˈpentənt] (26780/33729)
Vocabulary: repentant
(once / 522 pages)
adj
When people are repentant, they’re feeling or showing remorse. They're sorry and ashamed of something. If you take the last cookie and then lie about it, you’re probably going to feel repentant later, if you have a heart.
If you’re feeling repentant, you’re ready to apologize because you know you did something wrong. It could be that you kissed your best friend’s sweetheart, or you broke some kind of religious rule that’s making you feel guilty. Either way, the best way to get over feeling repentant is to repent, or acknowledge what you’ve done and promise not to do it any more.
WORD FAMILY
repentant: repentance, repentantly, unrepentant +/ repent: repentant, repented, repenting, repents/ repentance: repentances/ unrepentant: unrepentantly
USAGE EXAMPLES
But campaigners said if they were truly repentant, they would reveal where some of their victims were buried.
BBC(Dec 23, 2016)
“There is no sin that God’s mercy cannot reach and wipe away when it finds a repentant heart,” he wrote.
New York Times(Nov 21, 2016)
Russia declared a brief eight-hour “humanitarian pause” in its airstrikes on Tuesday, ostensibly to allow civilians and repentant rebel fighters to leave the city.
The Guardian(Oct 18, 2016)
Back: adj. 后悔的，悔改的
分布：后悔的(86%)，悔悟的(14%)
后悔的(pent难过,repent后悔)[-ant 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"…人"3.表名词"…剂"]
【记】源于：repent（v 后悔）re反复，pen笔：反复用笔扎自己－后悔
[rɪ'pen.tənt] formal
adjective
■feeling sorry for something that you have done 忏悔的；悔悟的；后悔的 Opposite unrepentant
adj. 悔改的；后悔的
 - resipiscent, regretful

Word: redolent
Front: redolent
[ˈredələnt] (宝 21497/19601)
Vocabulary: redolent
(once / 4927 pages)
1adj 2adj
When something is redolent of something, it makes you think of that thing by making a pretty strong impression on you. He had a shifty eye redolent of years of lying and petty crime.
People used to use redolent of something with a strong, distinctive odor. Now, think of it as "stinks of" — but in a fancy way. If you're touring an old castle, you might say that the worn carpet and handsome woodwork are redolent of the place's former glory, though otherwise it's a dump.
WORD FAMILY
redolent: redolence, redolently+/ redolence: redolences
USAGE EXAMPLES
Instead, it’s a thin, crispy plank redolent with hazelnuts and topped with boozy cherries and clouds of salted caramel mousse.
Washington Post(Dec 10, 2016)
Soon, we’re enjoying minced beef accented with tangerine peel and wrapped in rice noodles, as well as a bowl of congee redolent with beef.
Washington Post(Dec 08, 2016)
With synapses still redolent of turkey and tryptophan, here’s the Roundup:
Los Angeles Times(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 有强烈气味的; 使人联想或回想起某事物的
分布：令人想起 ... 的(50%)，有 ... 香味的(50%)
→red-,再，重新，-ol,气味，词源同 olfactory,odor.
【记】re反复，dol＝olfaction（n 嗅觉），ent一反复闻－芳香的red，o，lent借：借一朵芳香的红花。
【反】unscented（adj 无香味的）
['red.əl.ənt] literary
adjective [after verb]
■smelling strongly of something or having qualities (especially smells) that make you think of something else 散发出…强烈气味的；（尤指气味）使人联想起…的
• The album is a heartfelt cry, redolent of a time before radio and television. 这张专辑唱出了人们的心声，将人们带回到没有收音机和电视的时代。
• The mountain air was redolent with the scent of pine needles. 山里的空气弥漫着松针的芳香。
adj. 芬芳的；有…香味的；令人想起…的
 - aromatic, odoriferous

Word: repentance
Front: repentance
[rɪˈpentəns] (17103/20811)
Vocabulary: repentance
(once / 651 pages)
n
Repentance is the guilt you feel when you do something wrong — and the steps you take to make up for it, like a sincere apology: repentance for hurting your friend's feelings.
Repentance is the act of repenting, which comes from the Latin word poenitire, meaning “make sorry.” Note however, that repentance is what you do on your own: it's not punishment that is handed to you. In terms of religion, repentance is the decision to try to sin no more, devoting your life instead to being a better person by strictly following the rules of your faith.
WORD FAMILY
repentance: repentances+/ repent: repentant, repented, repenting, repents/ repentant: repentance, repentantly, unrepentant / unrepentant: unrepentantly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Congress in which he expressed “deep repentance” for America’s war dead.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
Instead, Mr. Abe will most likely repeat the repentance and condolences he offered in April 2015 when he addressed Congress.
New York Times(Dec 24, 2016)
He faces a Chiefs defense that shrink-wraps receivers and pops the quarterback without repentance.
New York Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 悔悟; 悔改; 后悔; 忏悔
分布：悔改(84%)，后悔(16%)
N-UNCOUNT
后悔;悔改;悔意;忏悔
If you show repentance for something wrong that you have done, you make it clear that you are sorry for doing it.
例：They showed no repentance during their trial.在他们受审的过程中没有表现出一丝悔意。
n. 悔改；后悔
 - penitence, compunction

Word: retrench
Front: retrench
[rɪˈtrentʃ] (宝 28948/38606)
Vocabulary: retrench
(once / 4652 pages)
v
When times are tight, it's time to retrench. That means rethink your budget, cut back on the spending, and use your pennies wisely.
Usually when you have to retrench, it's not a good thing. Companies in the process of retrenching are usually laying off staff or cutting back on employee benefits. But even if you're making gobs of money and your bank account is full of cash, it might be wise to save for a rainy day — that way you won't have to retrench when the going gets tough.
WORD FAMILY
retrench: retrenched, retrenches, retrenching, retrenchment+/ entrench: entrenched, entrenches, entrenching, entrenchment/entrenchment: entrenchments/retrenchment: retrenchments/ trench: entrench, retrench, trenched, trencher, trenches, trenching/ trencher: trenchers
USAGE EXAMPLES
But others believe it’s time rethink rather than retrench.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 06, 2016)
Siemens retrenched to comply with international sanctions following Russian incursions in Ukraine in 2014.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 24, 2016)
"Our bet is that it will now have to retrench and perhaps one of those investments will have to be sacrificed."
BBC(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: vi. 紧缩开支
vt. 削减（费用）; 节省
时态：retrenched, retrenching, retrenches
分布：减少开支(50%)，削减花费(50%)
→re-,向后，往回，-trench,砍，劈，词源同 truncate,trunk.引申词义节约，缩减。 retrial 复审，再审
【记】re反，trench（n 沟渠；战壕）：返回在战壕的生活－节约开支
【反】enlarge（v 扩大）；expand（v 使膨胀）
verb
intransitive formal
■If governments, companies, etc. retrench, they start spending less money, or reducing costs 削减费用；紧缩开支
• The company had to retrench because of falling orders. 由于订单减少，这间公司不得不紧缩开支。
transitive Australian
■to remove a worker from their job as a means of reducing costs 裁减工人（以节省成本）
vt. 删除；减少；紧缩开支
 - delete from, expurgate
vi. 节省；紧缩
 - save, economize on

Word: rustic
Front: rustic
[ˈrʌstɪk] (托宝 9825/14337 -1)
Vocabulary: rustic
(once / 716 pages)
adjn
When you think of the word rustic, think of the rural country. This word can be given a positive or a negative spin depending on how you use it; a rustic inn, for example, might be quaint or it might be virtually uninhabitable.
The words rustic and "rural" spring from the same ancient root: *rur-, which means "open space" in the hypothetical ancestor language Proto-Indo-European. In early usage, these two words were used interchangeably, but now, rural is used to describe locations –- "rural community," "rural location" — while rustic refers to the unrefined qualities associated with country life. The best antonym is cosmopolitan, which implies the sophistication and worldliness of city life.
WORD FAMILY
rustic: rustically, rusticate, rusticism, rusticity, rustics+/ rusticate: rusticated, rusticates, rusticating, rustication / rustication: rustications/rusticity: rusticities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Architectural nods to the old lodge create a “rustic, industrial look,” said Kevin Gosche, general manager for Thomas & Marker Construction.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Chris said Dawn liked the rustic look of the place, and commented “that this is what our winery should look like.”
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
There was some thinking that you were doing a somewhat acoustic, rustic kind of thing.
Salon(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 乡村的，乡下的; 质朴的，朴素的; 粗鲁的; 圆木造的
n. 乡下人，农夫; 粗汉
分布：乡村的(30%)，乡下人(21%)，纯朴的(14%)，土气的(10%)，农民(10%)，村夫(8%)，手工粗糙的(7%)
→来自拉丁语 rusticus,乡村的，平原的，来自 rus,开阔地，乡村，词源同 room,rural.
乡村的[rust,rur=country表示"农村"]
【记】rust（n 锈），ic－乡村的人象生了锈一样迟钝和缺少优雅
【参】rural（adj 乡下的；田园的）
【反】polished（adj 擦亮的；优美的）；urbane（adj 彬彬有礼的；城市的）
adjective
■simple and often rough in appearance; typical of the countryside 粗制的；乡村的，乡村特色的；质朴的
• a rustic bench/cabin 粗制的长椅／简陋的小木屋
• The property has a certain rustic charm. 这座宅院有种迷人的田园风情。
adj. 乡村的；纯朴的；粗野的；手工粗糙的
 - robust, gross, rough, country, bush
n. 乡下人；乡巴佬
 - peasant, provincial, countryman

Word: seedling
Front: seedling
[ˈsi:dlɪŋ] (托宝 10303/12900 -1)
Back: n. 秧苗，幼苗; 树苗; 实生苗
分布：幼苗(100%)
→seed,种子，-ling,小词后缀。引申词义幼苗。
幼苗(seed种子)[-ling表名词"小东西或某种人"]
【记】seed种子，ling小－小苗，幼苗
【参】seedy（adj 多种子的；褴褛的）
noun countable
■a very young plant which has grown from a seed 幼苗
• Raise the seedlings in the greenhouse. 在温室里培植幼苗。
n. [作物] 秧苗， [植] 幼苗；树苗
 - sapling

Word: skirting
Front: skirting
['skɜ:tɪŋ] (31168/20063)
Back: n. 裙料，壁脚板
分布：裙料(47%)，壁脚板(38%)，动词skirt的现在分词形式.(15%)
n. 壁脚板；裙料
 - mopboard
v. 避开；绕过…的边缘；沿边缘走（skirt的现在分词）
 - warding

Word: rpi

Word: siesta
Front: siesta
[siˈestə] (24141/23708)
Back: n. （气候炎热国家的）午睡，午休
分布：午睡(100%)
→来自西班牙语 siesta,午睡，来自拉丁语 sexta hora,即 sixth hour,即第六小时，在古罗马时期以 日出计时，第六小时即现在的中午十二点。比较 noon,中午，字面意思为第九小时，词源同 nine.
noun countable
■a rest or sleep taken after lunch , especially in hot countries （尤指气候炎热国家的）午睡
n. （西）午睡；午休
 - nooning

Word: smidgen
Front: smidgen
[ˈsmɪdʒən] (26892/44434)
Vocabulary: smidgen
(once / 100164 pages)
n
A smidgen is a little bit of something. If you're only hungry enough for a little bit of ice cream, you might ask for just a smidgen in your bowl.
Maybe you prefer just a smidgen of ketchup on your fries, or you might speak a smidgen of German, enough to buy your train tickets in Berlin. You can use the adjective smidgen to talk about a tad of anything, although it's often used for describing or requesting little bits of food. It's thought to have come from the Scottish word smitch, "a small amount or an insignificant person."
WORD FAMILY
smidgen: smidgens
USAGE EXAMPLES
But the battery housing raises the load floor only a smidgen, so cargo space remains much the same.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
In 2013, President Obama professed himself “angry” about “inexcusable” IRS behavior, before he decided there was not a “smidgen” of IRS corruption.
Washington Post(Nov 01, 2016)
The only question was whether he could stem the tide of GOP defections and restore a smidgen of personal dignity.
Washington Post(Oct 09, 2016)
Back: n. <美口>少量，一点点
分布：少量(45%)，一点点(35%)，smidgin.(10%)，=smidgeon(10%)
→可能来自苏格兰方言词 smitch,斑点，污痕，少量，词源可能同 smudge.
(also smidgin) (also smidgeon) ['smɪdʒ.ɪn] noun only singular informal
■a very small amount 少量，一丁点儿
• Could I have a smidgen more wine? 我能再来一点酒吗？
• It was five years since I'd last seen him, but he hadn't changed a smidgeon. 我有五年没见到他了，但他一点都没变。
n. 一点点；少量
 - little bit, just a little

Word: societal
Front: societal
[səˈsaɪətl] (6986/16203)
Vocabulary: societal
(once / 17105 pages)
adj
Use the adjective societal to describe something that is related to society, like the societal changes that came about as a result of the civil rights movement.
People living together in a community make up a society, and anything connected to that group can be described as societal. Societal pressures are expectations that affect the entire community, or specific parts of it, like the pressure to get married and have children. Society, which is at the root of societal, has been used since the 1500s to mean "friendly association with others." The meaning shifted in the next one hundred years to refer specifically to an orderly community of people.
WORD FAMILY
societal: societally+/ society: societal, societies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Q: Are there societal benefits to the medical data business?
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
In the past year, such attacks tended to exacerbate Turkey’s deep societal divisions.
Time(Jan 01, 2017)
“Societal reconciliation is the appropriate answer to Daesh,” he said recently.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 社会的
分布：社会的(100%)
→society,社会，-al,形容词后缀。
ADJ
社会的
Societal means relating to society or to the way society is organized.
例：...the societal changes that have taken place over the last two decades.过去 20 年里发生的社会变化
例：...societal norms.社会准则

Word: starlet
Front: starlet
[ˈstɑ:lət] (19652/24326)
Back: n. 崭露头角的年轻演员，年轻女明星
分布：小明星(67%)，刚入影坛的演员(33%)
→star,明星，-let,小词后缀。
小明星,小星星(star星星)[-et表名词"小东西"注:-let=-et表示"小"]
US ['stɑ:r-] noun countable often disapproving
■a young female actor who hopes to be or is thought likely to be famous in the future 希望成名（或有明星相）的年轻女演员

Word: spoonful
Front: spoonful
[ˈspu:nfʊl] (高 14845/15630 -1)
Back: n. 一匙，一匙的量; “spoon”的派生
分布：一匙(100%)
一勺的量(aspoonfulofsugar一勺糖)[-ful 1.表形容词"有…的"2.表名词"满,量"]
['spu:n.fʊl] (plural spoonfuls or spoonsful)
noun countable
■an amount held in a particular spoon 一匙（的量）
• a spoonful of mustard 一匙芥末

Word: springtime
Front: springtime
[ˈsprɪŋtaɪm] (四六托 14237/18977)
Back: n. 春季，春天
分布：春季(84%)，初期(12%)，青春期(4%)
noun uncountable
■the season of spring 春季
• In (the) springtime the woods are full of bluebells. 春天，树林里开满了蓝钟花。
n. 春天；春季；初期
 - morning, prime

Word: supple
Front: supple
[ˈsʌpl] (托宝 14678/14493 -1)
Vocabulary: supple
(once / 1622 pages)
adjv
Something or someone that is supple bends and moves easily, like a contortionist at a circus sideshow. If you can wrap your legs around your neck, you most likely have a supple body.
Supple is often used as an adjective describing a body — such as a dancer’s; a fabric — such as soft leather; or a sound — such as an accomplished singer’s voice. This makes for a strange supple family, but all of its members can move with ease and flexibility. More idiomatically, supple can also be used to describe a mind. In this sense, it does not mean “easily brainwashed,” but has a more positive association with the open-mindedness of free-thinkers.
WORD FAMILY
supple: suppled, suppleer, supplely, suppleness, suppler, supples, supplest, suppling
USAGE EXAMPLES
Dalén invented a neat little device that would, when heated by the sun, pinch off the gas suppling a lighthouse’s beacon.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
They all get their moments to wrap their supple voices around Yeston’s songs, whose period influences range from rag to Gilbert and Sullivan.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Mr. Scheft’s recipe starts with a supple dough that rises more than once, developing a complex flavor in the process.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. （身体）柔软的; 灵活的; 易弯曲的; 顺从的，巴结的
v. 使柔软，使柔顺; 使顺从; 驯（马）; 变柔软，变柔和
时态：suppled, suppling, supples
分布：柔软的(42%)，灵活的(19%)，变柔软(9%)，使柔软(9%)，变柔顺(9%)，使柔顺(6%)，逢迎的(6%)
→来自古法语 souple,柔软的，弯曲的，谦卑的，顺从的，来自拉丁语 supplex,谦卑的，顺从的， 恳求的，可能来自 sup-,在下，向下，-plex,弯，转，折叠，词源同 complex,complicate,supplicant. 后其原词义消失，引申比喻义柔软的，灵活的。
adjective
BENDING 弯曲的
■bending or able to be bent easily; not stiff 易弯曲的，柔软的，柔韧的
• I'm not supple enough (= My body doesn't bend easily enough) to be able to touch the floor with my hands while I'm standing up. 我身体的柔韧性不够好，站着的时候双手无法触到地面。
• The gloves were made of very supple leather. 这副手套是用非常柔软的皮革造成。
['sʌp.l] adjective
ABLE TO CHANGE 灵活的 literary
■able to change quickly and successfully to suit different conditions 灵活的，适应能力强的
• She has shown that she has a supple mind. 她已经证明了自己头脑很灵活。
• We need a more supple monetary policy. 我们需要一个更加灵活的货币政策。
adj. 柔软的；灵活的；顺从的；易弯曲的；逢迎的
 - flexible, soft, elastic, tender, ductile
vt. 使柔软；使顺从
 - reconcile, conform
vi. 变柔顺；变柔软
 - tender, limber up

Word: terracotta
Front: terracotta
[ˌterəˈkɒtə] (-/15959 -1)
Back: n. 无釉赤陶; 陶瓦; 赤褐色，土红色
分布：赤土色(56%)，赤陶(44%)
→来自意大利语 terra cotta,熟土，陶土，来自 terra,土，cotta,烤过的，来自拉丁语 cocta,烤过的， 词源同 cook.
US [-'kɑ:.ə] noun uncountable
■hard, baked reddish-brown clay 赤陶土
• Our kitchen tiles are made from terracotta. 我们厨房的瓷砖是由赤陶土制成的。
• The courtyard was full of exotic plants in terracotta pots. 庭院摆满了种在赤陶土花盆的奇花异草。
■a reddish-brown colour 赤褐色，土红色
• I've painted my bedroom terracotta. 我把睡房粉刷成赤褐色。

Word: swastika
Front: swastika
[ˈswɒstɪkə] (18381/16852 -1)
Back: n. 纳粹党所用的十字记号; 万字饰
分布：万字饰(100%)
→象征吉祥的符号，来自梵语 svastika,护身符，好运符，来自 su-,好的，来自 esu,好的， 词源同 eu-,好的，-asti,是，存在，来自 es,是，词源同 is,essence,-ka,小词后缀。该词于 19 世纪由英国梵文学家引入英语。
US ['swɑ:.stɪ-] noun countable
■a symbol in the form of a cross with each of its arms bent at a 90° (degree) angle half way along, used in the 20th century as the symbol of the Nazi party 卍字饰（20世纪纳粹党的党徽）

Word: theatrics
Front: theatrics
[θɪ'ætrɪks] (22840/-)
Back: n. 戏剧演出，舞台效果
分布：戏剧演出(舞台效果(50%)，舞台表演艺术)(50%)

Word: stickler
Front: stickler
[ˈstɪklə(r)] (宝 23484/33137)
Vocabulary: stickler
(once / 9916 pages)
n
A stickler is someone who insists that things are done in a certain way. Say you’re getting married and want to write your own vows, but your partner’s mother demands that you have a traditional ceremony. The mother is a stickler for tradition.
Stickler has its origins in a word meaning umpire, which may allude to a stickler’s bossy nature. Difficult problems or puzzles are called sticklers. It is helpful when remembering the definition of stickler that it has the word “stick” in it. So someone who “sticks” to the rules is a stickler.
WORD FAMILY
stickler: sticklers+/stickle: stickled, stickler, stickles, stickling
USAGE EXAMPLES
For example, congressional Republicans have been sticklers about what are called “pay-fors.”
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
This is not a book to be a stickler about; that would be like pontificating about microbrews instead of just getting drunk.
New York Times(Nov 22, 2016)
A stickler for good manners, he walks me to the door of the suite.
The Guardian(Oct 23, 2016)
Back: n. 坚持…的人
分布：难题(67%)，坚持……的人(33%)
→可能来自 stick,坚持，停留，-le,表反复或强调，-er,人。
【记】stickle（v 坚持己见）；stick（n 棍；v 粘住；坚持）
【参】sticky（adj 粘的；粘性的）
US [-lɚ] informal
noun countable
■a person who thinks that a particular type of behaviour is very important, and always follows it or tries to make other people follow it 非常注重（某种行为）的人；固守…的人
• He's a stickler for detail/accuracy/efficiency. 他非常注重细节／精确性／效率。
n. 坚持细节的人；顽固的人；费解的事物
 - donkey, bullhead

Word: stupendous
Front: stupendous
[stju:ˈpendəs] (宝 21856/18908)
Vocabulary: stupendous
(once / 1318 pages)
adj
Stupendous means amazing or awesome. You just won a million dollars and are donating it to charity? That’s stupendous!
While you might think of stupid as a mean word for someone who isn’t smart, it can also mean senseless or stunned. If something stuns you so much that you are amazed, it is stupendous. Think of a stupendous performance or stupendous scenery. When something is big enough to astound, also use this word. The tower rose to a stupendous height. It would take a stupendous effort to improve your D in history to an A!
WORD FAMILY
stupendous: stupendously
USAGE EXAMPLES
Or turkey made with the classical technique and stupendous amounts of butter; or the turkey that your mother learned how to make from Betty Crocker.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 24, 2016)
It’s one of director John Ford’s darker Westerns, and with stupendous performances from Wayne and Stewart, it’s one of Ford’s most fascinating classics.
New York Times(Nov 23, 2016)
Vaslav Nijinsky is reputed to have been the most stupendous dancer after Terpsichore, the Greek goddess of dance.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 惊人的; 了不起的; 巨大的; 有重要性的
分布：惊人的(53%)，巨大的(47%)
→来自拉丁语 stupere,震惊，困惑，词源同 stupid.-end,现在分词后缀，-ous,形容词后缀。引申 词义极大的，使人惊叹的。
【记】stupend＝stupid呆，ous－大得吓呆的
US [stu:-] adjective
■very surprising, usually in a pleasing way, especially by being large in amount or size 令人惊叹的，了不起的；（尤指）大得惊人的
• He ran up stupendous debts through his extravagant lifestyle. 他那种奢侈的生活方式使他债台高筑。
• Stupendous news! We've won £500 000! 特大新闻！我们赢了50万英镑！
adj. 惊人的；巨大的
 - tremendous, huge, enormous, massive, macro

Word: thoroughbred
Front: thoroughbred
[ˈθʌrəbred] (21672/22436 -1)
Back: n. 纯种的动物（尤指马）; 受过严格训练的人，有教养的人
adj. 纯种的，良种的; 受过严格训练的，有教养的; 第一流的，优秀的
分布：有教养的人(75%)，有教养的(25%)
US ['θɝ:-/ UK [-oʊ-] adjective noun countable
■(a horse) with parents which are of the same breed and have good qualities 纯种马，良种马；（马）纯种的，良种的
• a thoroughbred racehorse 纯种赛马
adj. 良种的；受过严格训练的；优秀的
 - superior, well-bred

Word: truncate
Front: truncate
[trʌŋˈkeɪt] (宝 25047/22088)
Vocabulary: truncate
(once / 6570 pages)
vadj
The verb truncate means to cut off or shorten. You can truncate a board that is too long using a power saw, a chain saw, or perhaps even a karate kick.
The word truncate is from a Latin word, truncare, which means "to maim or to cut off." Although this brings to mind a more grisly image ("truncate a limb in an accident"), you can actually truncate things that are not related to anatomy. You could truncate an essay by omitting a paragraph or two, or you could even truncate your vacation in Belize by heading home early.
WORD FAMILY
truncate: truncated, truncates, truncating, truncation+/truncation: truncations
USAGE EXAMPLES
The personal memoirs are sometimes truncated or repetitive.
Washington Post(Dec 08, 2016)
Giolito’s major league debut became as truncated as his Washington career.
Washington Times(Dec 08, 2016)
But the way cells typically translate the SMN-2 DNA sequence, most of its protein is truncated and is quickly degraded.
Science Magazine(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: vt. 缩短
时态：truncated, truncating, truncates
分布：缩短(45%)，截形的(19%)，切去了头(9%)，缩短了的(9%)，截棱成平面(9%)，切去一端(9%)
→来自拉丁语 truncare,砍掉，砍倒，截肢，词源同 trench,trunk.可能来自通俗拉丁语*trinicare, 砍成三段，词源同 three.
【记】trunc＝trunk（n 树干），ate吃－吃掉树干的顶端－截短
【反】prolong（v 延长；拖延）
verb transitive
■to make something shorter or quicker, especially by removing the end of it 截短，删节，缩短（尤指去尾）
• Television coverage of the match was truncated by a technical fault. 对比赛的电视直播因技术故障而被缩短。
adj. [生物] 截短的；被删节的
 - curtal
vt. 把…截短；缩短；使成平面
 - cut, surface

Word: topless
Front: topless
[ˈtɒpləs] (16389/23765 -1)
Back: adj. 袒胸的; 极高的; 无顶的; 半裸体
分布：无顶的(40%)，袒胸的(40%)，极高的(20%)
→top,上部，顶端，-less,无，没有。
US ['tɑ:.pləs] adjective adverb
■describes someone, usually a woman, wearing nothing on the upper part of their body, or something connected with this way of dressing （通常指女子）裸露上身的（地）
• topless dancers/bars/sunbathing 裸露上身的舞女／女招待裸露上身的酒吧／袒胸日光浴
• Many women now go topless on European beaches. 如今在欧洲的海滩上许多妇女都袒露上身。

Word: titular
Front: titular
[ˈtɪtjulə(r)] (宝 25872/33775)
Vocabulary: titular
(once / 6271 pages)
adj
You might say you’re the boss man in your household, but if everybody else in the family ignores you, 'boss man' is probably a titular position for you. In other words, it’s just a title. There’s no power behind it.
We get titular from the Latin word titulus, meaning "title." Nowadays, it means that you hold an official title but don’t have any power or responsibility along with it. The Queen of England is a titular head of state. She doesn’t actually govern. A titular director doesn’t direct. Titular can also mean referencing the title. If you're playing the role of Dave in the play All About Dave, you're playing the titular role.
WORD FAMILY
titular: titularly
USAGE EXAMPLES
One night, when the titular corpse is delivered to the Tilden’s basement facility, the father and son must determine the cause of death.
Salon(Dec 16, 2016)
The matriarch of the titular Flowers family, she teaches music and balances on the edge of sanity.
New York Times(Dec 05, 2016)
More often than not, the “few” in “Miss Sloane” is its titular character alone.
Washington Times(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: adj. （有）称号的; （有）头衔的; 名义上的; 书名的
n. 只有名义（或头衔）的人
分布：名义上的(67%)，拥有称号的人(11%)，从标题而来的(11%)，由有称号或头衔的人持有的(11%)
→来自 title,称号，名义，称谓，-ar,形容词后缀。引申词义有名无实的，徒有虚名的等。
名义上的(来自title名义)[-ar 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人,物"]
名义上的(title名义,头衔)[-ular表形容词"有…形状或性质的"]
【记】tit＝title（n 头衔），ular－头衔的－名义上的
US ['tɪtʃ.ə.lɚ] adjective [before noun]
■having the title of a position but not the responsibilities, duties or power; in name only 名义上的；有名无实的
• It is already agreed that Mr Alfonso Escamez will be the titular head of the new bank. 已经达成一致意见，阿方索‧埃斯卡梅斯先生将成为这家新银行的名誉行长。
adj. 有名无实的；有头衔的；标题的
 - title, nominal

Word: throughput
Front: throughput
[ˈθru:pʊt] (21109/21800)
Vocabulary: throughput
(once / 187609 pages)
n
Use the noun throughput to talk about how fast communication can travel over a channel, from input to output.
For a computer system, the input is the information you enter, and the output is the information that is produced by the program. Throughput refers to how much output is being produced relative to the input. A system could send information at 50 bits per second of throughput, or 500 bits per minute. Throughput is a measure of how fast and efficient the program is, and maximum throughput is often called "bandwidth."
WORD FAMILY
throughput
USAGE EXAMPLES
But the declining cost of enzymes allows researchers to perform more experiments, and the robotics improve throughput.
Nature(Nov 01, 2016)
The normal throughput of the line is 50,000 barrels per day, which would equate to about 278 trucks per day.
Washington Times(Oct 23, 2016)
Two thousand vehicles an hour is the ideal throughput at 45 mph, says the Washington State Department of Transportation’s Corridor Capacity Report.
Seattle Times(Oct 13, 2016)
Back: n. 生产量，生产能力，吞吐量; 流率
分布：吞吐量(95%)，产量(5%)
noun uncountable
■an amount of work, etc. done in a particular period of time 生产率；生产能力
• We need to improve our throughput because demand is high at present. 因为目前需求很大，我们需要提高生产能力。
n. 生产量，生产能力
 - productivity, production quantity

Word: vial
Front: vial
[ˈvaɪəl] (10811/17645)
Vocabulary: vial
(once / 3034 pages)
n
The word vial sounds like another word, "vile" (making them homonyms), but they mean completely different things. A vial is just a small glass bottle that contains a chemical or drug. "Vile" is evil.
One of the coolest things about the English language is how specific you can get. For example, got a small glass bottle made for carrying chemicals or drugs? There's a word for that! That word is vial. There are bottles for soda and bottles for beer, but if what you're carrying is drugs, chemicals, or similar substances, you're carrying them in a vial.
WORD FAMILY
vial: vials
USAGE EXAMPLES
As of last year, that same vial of insulin was selling for $236.70.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
After transferring a few drops of methanol into the vial, she clamped it shut and dropped it into a mass spectrometer.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Par then raised the price of injectable vasopressin to $59 a vial from $8, according to University of Utah Health’s Ms. Fox.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 小瓶; 小玻璃瓶; 药水瓶; 郁积的情绪（如愤怒等）
分布：小瓶(75%)，药水瓶(21%)，把 ... 放入小瓶中(4%)
→来自phial拼写变体。
noun countable
■a phial

Word: unvarnished
Front: unvarnished
[ʌnˈvɑ:nɪʃt] (24447/37241)
Back: adj. 未涂漆的; 无装饰的; 质朴的; 原样的
分布：未涂漆的(44%)，无掩饰的(35%)，原样的(21%)
US [-'vɑ:r-] adjective [before noun]
■describes a statement that is expressed in a plain and honest way （说法）未加掩饰的，坦率的
• It's a bit optimistic to expect a politician to tell you the unvarnished truth. 想要一个政客对你说实话，未免太乐观了点儿。
adj. [涂料] 未涂漆的；无装饰的；无掩饰的
 - naked, austere

Word: unquestioning
Front: unquestioning
[ʌnˈkwestʃənɪŋ] (托 26022/21844)
Back: adj. 无异议的，毫无疑问的，不犹豫的
分布：不犹豫的(43%)，绝对的(34%)，无条件的(23%)
mainly disapproving
adjective
■Unquestioning obedience is total, and given without thinking, asking questions, or doubting （服从或接受）绝对的，不加质询的，不表示怀疑的
• Like all tyrannical leaders, he demanded unquestioning obedience from his followers. 像所有独裁者一样，他要求他的追随者绝对服从。
adj. 不提出疑问的；不犹豫的；盲目的；无异议的；无条件的
 - blind, unlimited

Word: unobtrusive
Front: unobtrusive
[ˌʌnəbˈtru:sɪv] (宝 20244/18450 -1)
Vocabulary: unobtrusive
(once / 2675 pages)
adj
Use the adjective unobtrusive to describe something that doesn’t attract much attention, like an unobtrusive waiter who doesn't interrupt diners to rattle off the nightly specials, or an unobtrusive stain on the floor that your parents haven't noticed.
When you need to blend in, look to the word unobtrusive, which is pronounced "un-ob-TROO-sive." Unobtrusive can describe anyone — or anything — that is not very noticeable, such as the unobtrusive black parka that makes you look more or less like everyone else on the city streets in winter, or the unobtrusive security cameras at your bank.
WORD FAMILY
unobtrusive: unobtrusively, unobtrusiveness+/ obtrude: obtruded, obtrudes, obtruding, obtrusive / obtrusive: obtrusively, obtrusiveness, unobtrusive
USAGE EXAMPLES
Add to that the checkered ethnic makeup of the chorus, and the Japanese setting becomes unobtrusive to the point of invisibility.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
It doesn’t rely on decades old nostalgia, although there is a bit of that too in mostly unobtrusive ways.
Washington Times(Dec 13, 2016)
With a fly-on-the-wall observational approach, the film’s unobtrusive style and loose structure following four different women’s experiences can feel overwhelming.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 24, 2016)
Back: adj. 不突出的，不引人注目的; 谦虚的; 不唐突的; 不冒昧的
分布：谦虚的(48%)，不突出的(35%)，不显眼的(17%)
【记】un不，obtrusive（adj 炫耀的；突出的）：不显眼的
【反】blatant（adj 喧嚣的；炫耀的）
[ˌʌn.əb'tru:.sɪv] approving
adjective
■not noticeable; seeming to fit in well with the things around it or them 不引人注目的，不张扬的，不惹眼的
• Make-up this season is unobtrusive and natural-looking. 本季的妆容风格是不突兀、不张扬，清新自然。
adj. 不唐突的；谦虚的；不引人注目的
 - modest, odest

Word: unpack
Front: unpack
[ˌʌnˈpæk] (托 11431/11658 -1)
Vocabulary: unpack
(once / 2062 pages)
v
To unpack is to take stuff out that's been packed, like the clothing in your suitcase or the fragile item that's been buried in ten thousand Styrofoam peanuts.
If a large shipment arrives at a company, it may take several people to unpack the items and take stock of the contents. We also use unpack to describe analyzing something by taking it apart. This is sort of like unpacking a box or unpacking your luggage, because you're dismantling the components of something, but it's more likely an idea than a physical object.
WORD FAMILY
unpack: unpacked, unpacking, unpacks+/ pack: packable, package, packed, packer, packing, packs, unpack / package: packaged, packages, packaging /packaged: prepackaged, unpackaged/ packaging: packagings/packed: prepacked/packer: packers/packing: packings
USAGE EXAMPLES
As she unpacked gloves, socks, hats, mugs and ski goggles, Meddles said the inventory is “based on what everyone forgets or loses while they’re here.”
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
But Bradley deserved to stay long enough to unpack his suitcase before the team pulled the plug.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
And when they begin to unpack Friday, the Kings will find they returned with a lot of unwanted baggage.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 从（包裹等）中取出（所装的东西），打开行李取出
vt. 拆包; 解除…的负担; 吐露（心事等）; 卸下（车、马等）的负荷物
时态：unpacked, unpacking, unpacks
分布：卸下(60%)，打开取出(40%)
verb
REMOVE 去除
 ADVANCED intransitive or transitive
■to remove things from a suitcase , bag or box 从（箱、包）中取出；打开行李箱
• I haven't even had time to unpack (my bag/clothes). 我甚至还没有时间打开箱子整理／打开我的包／打开箱子整理衣服。
[ʌn'pæk] verb
EXPLAIN 解释
transitive
■to explain or to make a meaning clearer 解释；说明
• He read the agreed statement to the group and then began to unpack it for them. 他把已达成一致的声明读给这群人听，然后开始向他们解释其意义。

Word: acquaint
Front: acquaint
[əˈkweɪnt] (研六托雅宝 9630/9574 -1)
Vocabulary: acquaint
(once / 66 pages)
v
When you acquaint yourself with something, you familiarize yourself with it. When you visit a new city, you should acquaint yourself with the layout of the streets so you don’t get lost.
You can also acquaint yourself with another person, by introducing yourself and getting know them. When you see the moving truck pull in across the street, you might want to run over and acquaint yourself with your new neighbors. The word acquaint comes via French from the Latin accognoscere, which is made up of ad- “to,” or “toward,” and cognoscere “come to know.”
WORD FAMILY
acquaint: acquaintance, acquainted, acquainting, acquaints, reacquaint +/ acquaintance: acquaintances, acquaintanceship/acquaintanceship: acquaintanceships/ acquainted: unacquainted/ reacquaint: reacquainted, reacquainting, reacquaints
USAGE EXAMPLES
As it performs its tasks, checking balances and searching transactions, it uses machine-learning algorithms to acquaint itself with the contours of typical requests.
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
If you were planning to serve whipped cream with your holiday desserts this year, you might want to acquaint yourself with the homemade kind.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
He is well acquainted with his grandfather’s ability to adapt to various settings.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: vt. 使熟悉; 使认识; 把某事通知某人，告知
时态：acquainted, acquainting, acquaints
分布：告知(63%)，使熟知(25%)，使了解(12%)
→前缀ac-同ad-, 去，往。quaint来自法语，来自拉丁语cogniscere，前缀co, 加强，词根gn, 知道，同can, know.
使了解,告知(acc使+quaint→使[人们]知道→告知)[quaint=know,表示"知道"]
vt.(with)使认识,使了解,使熟悉I am already acquainted with Betty.我已经和贝蒂相熟.
verb
  Phrasal Verbs  acquaint sb with sth formal
■to make someone or yourself familiar with something 使认识；使了解；使熟悉；使知悉
• [R] Take time to acquaint yourself with the rules. 花点时间熟悉一下规则。
• The Broadcasting Museum also offers Saturday workshops to acquaint children with the world of radio. 广播博物馆还举办周六讲习班让孩子了解无线电世界。
inform, notify, advise, acquaint
这组词都有“通知、告知”的意思，其区别是：
inform: 普通用词，指传达事实或信息，或指经过研究或调查而获得的事实或信息。
notify: 指正式通知需要注意的事情。
advise: 指正式通知某件重要事，所通知的事情与被通知的人有关。
acquaint: 指提供有关信息或情况使某人熟悉某些过程或复杂的情况。
vt. 使熟悉；使认识
 - familiarize

Word: voluble
Front: voluble
[ˈvɒljʊbl] (宝 27932/33306)
Vocabulary: voluble
(once / 1862 pages)
adj
Voluble describes someone who talks a lot, like your aunt who can’t stop telling you to cut your hair or a political candidate who makes twenty speeches on the day before the election.
Have you ever found it especially hard to interrupt someone who talks a lot when he or she gets on a roll? If so, it won’t surprise you that the adjective voluble traces back to the Latin word volvere, meaning “to roll.” The word voluble describes talking continuously, fluently, at great length, in a steady flow. You’ll know it when you meet voluble talkers: they just keep rolling on and on.
WORD FAMILY
voluble: volubility, volubly +/volubility: volubilities
USAGE EXAMPLES
But a government representative from India — which itself operates a pesticide manufacturer — was more voluble in defending atrazine than a Syngenta lobbyist who was present.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
When speaking, the USC cornerback is typically energetic and voluble, squeezing more words into each minute than any of his teammates do.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 14, 2016)
He was as “voluble” as he was “insecure,” stated Cosmopolitan.
Salon(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 喋喋不休的; 爱说话的; （指说话）快的; 口若悬河的
分布：健谈的(38%)，口若悬河的(26%)，易旋转的(20%)，流利的(16%)
→来自拉丁语volvere,旋转，来自wel,转，来自wei的扩大格，词源同wind,volume。引申词义滔滔不绝的。
流畅的;滔滔不绝的[vol,volv,volt=roll,turn,表示"卷,转"]
【反】laconic（adj 简明的）；taciturn（adj 沉默的）；succinct（adj 简洁的）；reticent（adj 沉默的）
US ['vɑ:l-] formal
adjective
■speaking a lot, with confidence and enthusiasm 健谈的；侃侃而谈的；能言善辩的
• Many see Parker as the obvious leader, whose voluble style works well on TV. 很多人把派克看作是公认的领袖，他那侃侃而谈的风格在电视上看起来很有魅力。
■expressed in many words 滔滔不绝的
• It's not often that one hears such voluble praise for this government. 能听到对本届政府如此滔滔不绝的赞扬实在难得。
adj. 健谈的；缠绕的；易旋转的
 - talkable, communicative

Word: witted
Front: witted
['wɪtɪd] None
Back: adj. （常用以构成复合词）智力…的，头脑…的
分布：头脑 ... 的(100%)

Word: affirmation
Front: affirmation
[ˌæfə'meɪʃn] (9815/11871)
Vocabulary: affirmation
(once / 2795 pages)
n
An affirmation is a big fat YES, an assertion that something is true.
Affirmations can show up in court, or taped to the walls of people who need reassurance. In court, it's a judgment from a higher court that agrees with one from a lower one, or something a religious person who doesn't want to take an oath can use. Quakers use affirmations on the stand instead of swearing, because they always speak plainly. It means to assure, or agree, so you might find affirmations like "You're awesome!" or "Lookin' good" taped to the mirror of people who need to chin up.
WORD FAMILY
affirmation: affirmations, disaffirmation+/ affirm: affirmable, affirmation, affirmative, affirmatory, affirmer, affirming, affirms, reaffirm / affirmative: affirmatively, affirmativeness, affirmatives/affirmer: affirmers/ reaffirm: reaffirmation, reaffirmed, reaffirming, reaffirms/reaffirmation: reaffirmations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Affirmation does not invigorate, it creates a “dopamine high.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Daily affirmations, gratitude journals and self-help manuals are all well and good.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
And that rare public affirmation of her hobby’s value encouraged her to keep collecting.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 肯定; 确认; 证实; 批准
分布：肯定(86%)，主张(7%)，断言(7%)
VERB
断言；申明；坚持声称
If you affirm that something is true or that something exists, you state firmly and publicly that it is true or exists.
例：The House of Lords affirmed that the terms of a contract cannot be rewritten retrospectively.上议院申明合同条款改写后不具备追溯效力。
例：...a speech in which he affirmed a commitment to lower taxes...他作出减税承诺的演讲
VERB
证实；确认
If an event affirms something, it shows that it is true or exists.
例：Everything I had accomplished seemed to affirm that opinion.我所取得的一切似乎都证明那个观点是对的。
n. 主张，肯定；断言
 - opinion, assurance, claim, advocacy

Word: algal
Front: algal
['ælɡəl] (20167/26953)
Back: adj. 海藻的
分布：海藻的(100%)

Word: amputation
Front: amputation
[ˌæmpjʊ'teɪʃn] (12638/20331)
Back: n. <医>截肢（术）; 切断; 切除; 删除
分布：截肢(100%)
VERB
切断；截(肢)
To amputate someone's arm or leg means to cut all or part of it off in an operation because it is diseased or badly damaged.
例：To save his life, doctors amputated his legs...为了挽救他的生命，医生们截掉了他的双腿。
例：He had to have one leg amputated above the knee.他的一条腿不得不从膝部以上截断。
n. [外科] 截肢；切断（术）
 - slicing, cutting off

Word: amble
Front: amble
[ˈæmbl] (托宝 13980/15822)
Vocabulary: amble
(once / 1731 pages)
vn
To amble is to take a leisurely, pleasurable walk. Care to amble down a pleasant country road instead of reading the rest of this word description? That would certainly be understandable.
Amble is both a noun meaning "a stroll" and a verb meaning "to walk in a slow, leisurely way." You might amble (or take an amble) over to the snack table and grab a brownie. Amble comes from the Latin ambulare, which means "to walk about," as in ambulatory. Weirdly enough, it was once only used for horses or those on horseback. We use it for people now, but it still retains some of its horse-like, country feel.
WORD FAMILY
amble: ambled, ambler, ambles, ambling, ambulate, perambulate +/ambler: amblers/ ambulate: ambulated, ambulates, ambulating, ambulation, circumambulate/ambulation: ambulations, ambulatory / ambulatory: ambulatories/circumambulate: circumambulated, circumambulates, circumambulating/ perambulate: perambulated, perambulates, perambulating, perambulation/perambulation: perambulations
USAGE EXAMPLES
He and Hopper ambled into the back yard to sweep up fallen olive leaves.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
For diners, the strength in numbers means that when one restaurant is full, it’s not hard to amble to a nearby spot.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
While reporters ambled inside the visitors’ locker room, suddenly shrieks and howls echoed from the shower stalls.
Washington Post(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: vi. （马）缓行; 从容地走，漫步
n. （马的）缓行步态; 从容轻松的步伐，漫步
时态：ambled, ambling, ambles
分布：缓行(62%)，溜蹄(27%)，缓行漫步(11%)
→前缀ambi-, 两边，周围。周围走走。
【参】ambulance（n 救护车）；preamble（n 前言，序言）
【区】ample（adj 充足的，丰富的）－象apple－充足的ramble（v 漫游n 漫游）－因为比amble多r＝run，所以漫游的范围广
【反】match quickly（快速追上）
verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to walk in a slow and relaxed way 漫步，缓行
• He was ambling along the beach. 他沿着沙滩漫步。
• She ambled down the street, stopping occasionally to look in the shop windows. 她沿街踱步，不时停下来观看商店橱窗里的商品。
['æm.bl] noun only singular
■a slow, relaxed walk 漫步，缓行
• There's nothing I enjoy more than a leisurely amble across the moor. 我最喜欢做的莫过于漫步旷野。
n. （马的）缓行步态；漫步
 - bummel, stroll

Word: adornment
Front: adornment
[ə'dɔ:nmənt] (托 19010/21425)
Vocabulary: adornment
(once / 2314 pages)
n
An adornment is some ornament or accent that makes a person or thing look more attractive. You might check out your hair in the mirror before a party and decide it needs an adornment — a hat or a glittery barrette.
Tinsel draped on a Christmas tree is an adornment, and so are the fuzzy dice hanging on your car's rear view mirror. Lipstick is an adornment, and so is a polka dotted bow tie, since they both dress a person up a little bit. Another way to use adornment is to mean the act or process of decorating: "The adornment of the high school gym had transformed it into a winter wonderland." The Latin root is adornare, "equip or embellish."
WORD FAMILY
adornment: adornments+/ adorn: adorned, adorning, adornment, adorns/adorned: unadorned
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Singer seems to regard wit as immoral adornment.
New York Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Style guides for each brand dictate placement of special ribbon or other adornments.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 14, 2016)
Prosperity is changing expectations, I think, but some men still expect women to be adornments, and resent their aspirations.
BBC(Nov 19, 2016)
Back: n. 装饰，装饰品
分布：装饰(75%)，装饰品(25%)
装饰(adorn+ment)[orn=embellish,表示"装饰"]
N-VAR
装饰物
An adornment is something that is used to make a person or thing more beautiful.
例：It was a building without any adornment or decoration.这是一幢没有任何装潢或粉饰的大楼。
N-UNCOUNT
装饰；装扮
Adornment is the process of making something more beautiful by adding something to it.
例：Cosmetics are used for adornment.化妆品是用来打扮的。
n. [建] [服装] 装饰；装饰品
 - decoration, dressing

Word: beady
Front: beady
[ˈbi:di] (24200/23904)
Vocabulary: beady
(once / 9198 pages)
adj
Something that's beady is small and shiny, resembling a round bead. Your dog might stare at you with beady eyes whenever you eat peanut butter.
Beady is almost always used to describe someone's eyes, especially if they're small, dark, and gleaming with some particular intent. A greedy person might appear to have beady eyes, and so might an intent listener in a college class. The word can also mean "decorated with beads," but this is much less common. At the heart of beady is bead, from bede, "prayer bead," by way of the Old English gebed, or "prayer."
WORD FAMILY
beady: beadier, beadily+/ bead: beaded, beading, beadlike, beads, beady /beading: beadings
USAGE EXAMPLES
She had a sharp nose, beady, suspicious eyes, and a wild fountain of curly auburn hair.
Carl Hiaasen, Hoot(2002)
This black-and-white bird with beady red-brown eyes can become aggressive, dive bombing and pecking anything, especially humans, that it deems a threat to its chicks.
New York Times(Sep 13, 2016)
Beady T. rex eyeballs in shades of red, orange and yellow fill a cardboard box in the corner of her desk.
Washington Times(Sep 12, 2016)
Back: adj. （指眼睛）小而圆，晶亮如珠子的
分布：饰有珠子的(60%)，圆小晶亮如珠的(20%)，有泡的(20%)
['bi:.di] disapproving
adjective
■(of eyes) small and bright, especially like a bird's eyes （眼睛）珠子般亮晶晶的；（尤指像鸟的眼睛）小而明亮的
• His beady little eyes were fixed on the money I held out. 他那双亮晶晶的小眼睛，盯着我拿出来的钱。
• She's always got her beady eyes on what I'm doing (= She watches me closely). 她那双亮晶晶的小眼睛，总是密切注视我的一举一动。
adj. 起泡的；饰有珠子的；晶亮如小珠的
 - blistery, frothy

Word: avionics
Front: avionics
[ˌeɪviˈɒnɪks] (26434/27607)
Back: n. 航空电子设备，航空电子学，航空电子技术
分布：航空电子学(78%)，航空用电子设备(22%)
→复合词。aviation，航空。electronics, 电子学。
US [-'ɑ:.nɪks] noun uncountable
■the science and technology of the electronic devices used in aeronautics and astronautics 航空电子学；航空电子技术
• Avionics forms an important part of the defence industry. 航空电子技术是国防工业的一个重要组成部分。
UK [ˌeɪ.vi'ɒn.ɪks] US [-'ɑ:.nɪks] plural noun
■the electronic devices of an aircraft or spacecraft 航空电子设备；航空电子控制系统
• The sophisticated avionics enable the helicopter to operate at night. 先进的航空电子设备使得这架直升机可以在夜间飞行。
n. [航] 航空电子设备；航空电子学，航空电子技术
 - aeroelectronics

Word: baddy
Front: baddy
[ˈbædi] (-/23983)
Back: n. 坏人，（尤指电影中的）恶人
分布：坏人(84%)，=baddie.(16%)
n. 坏人，反面人物
 - villain, bad guy

Word: avuncular
Front: avuncular
[əˈvʌŋkjələ(r)] (宝 26504/20937)
Vocabulary: avuncular
(once / 27811 pages)
adj
Everyone likes an avuncular guy, that is someone who is kind and patient and generally indulgent with people younger than he is. The Dalai Lama is an avuncular fellow. So is Santa Claus. Unless you haven't been good.
The word avuncular originally comes from the Latin avunculus, meaning "maternal uncle," and strictly speaking the term describes the relationship between an uncle and his nephew. Uncles, by their very definition, are supposed to be avuncular to their nephews. For many uncles though, Santa Claus is pretty hard to compete with.
WORD FAMILY
avuncular: avuncularly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Xi has cultivated an image as an avuncular but stern figure, and a strong Communist leader.
New York Times(Nov 18, 2016)
He was also sly and avuncular, making droll, deadpan comments in his sepulchral voice.
New York Times(Nov 11, 2016)
For younger Chinese, Mao has retired to the position of avuncular founder of the country.
Economist(Sep 08, 2016)
Back: adj. <正>伯父的; 像伯伯[叔叔]似的; 谆谆长辈风范的; 慈爱的
分布：叔伯的(84%)，与叔、伯、舅有关的(16%)
→av-,祖宗，祖父，词源同atavism,-uncul,小词后缀。该词常见其缩小形式uncle.
US [-lɚ] formal
adjective
■friendly, kind or helpful, like the expected behaviour of an uncle 叔伯般的；慈祥的；关怀备至的
• an avuncular, quietly-spoken man 慈祥和善、谈吐温和的男子
• His avuncular image belies his steely determination. 他慈祥的外貌和他坚强的意志形成鲜明的对照。
adj. 伯父的；叔伯的；慈祥的
 - grandmotherly

Word: avery
Front: avery
[ˈeivəri] (-/21822)
Back: n. 艾弗里(m.)
分布：名词(100%)

Word: blasphemous
Front: blasphemous
['blæsfəməs] (22901/22768)
Vocabulary: blasphemous
(once / 3321 pages)
adj
Blasphemous is an adjective that describes profane words and actions, especially when they are connected to something religious. If you draw Jesus Christ wearing lipstick or call Buddha a fat slob, you're displaying blasphemous behavior.
Blasphemous comes from a Greek word that means “evil-speaking,” but actions as well as words can be blasphemous. Spitting on a cross, drawing pictures in the Qur’an, tripping a rabbi—all of these are rude in general, but because they combine a sacred religious person or thing with rude behavior, they're also blasphemous. Beyond religion, any attack on something you cherish is blasphemous, like when your best friend says your celebrity crush is ugly. Such blasphemous words!
WORD FAMILY
blasphemous: blasphemously+/ blasphemy: blasphemies, blasphemous
USAGE EXAMPLES
“In December it’s blasphemous if you mention there are atheists or nonreligious people around.”
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
While such an admission is obviously blasphemous, it was the way in which he explained this revelation that truly caught me off guard.
Slate(Dec 18, 2016)
The film was deemed blasphemous and was banned in many cinemas and countries, including, according to The Guardian, Pope Francis’s homeland of Argentina.
Time(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 亵渎上帝的，亵渎宗教信仰的
分布：亵渎神明的(100%)
adjective
■considered offensive to God or religion 亵渎的；侮慢的，不敬的
• a blasphemous remark 亵渎上帝的话
adj. 亵渎神明的；不敬神的
 - sacrilegious, antireligious

Word: bonnie
Front: bonnie
['bɒnɪ] (-/16340)
Back: adj. 漂亮的
分布：漂亮的(40%)，令人愉快的(15%)，=bonny(15%)，娇美的(15%)，健康活泼的(15%)
adj. 漂亮的
 - pretty, smart, tony, cute
n. 美女（等于bonny）
 - belle, Dames

Word: beholder
Front: beholder
[bɪˈhəʊldə(r)] (宝 17707/22391)
Vocabulary: beholder
(once / 2472 pages)
n
A beholder is an observer: someone who gains awareness of things through the senses, especially sight. If beauty is in the eye of the beholder, then the person who is observing gets to decide what is beautiful.
A common saying is "Beauty is in the eye of the beholder," which means beauty doesn't exist on its own but is created by observers. That famous quote can help you remember that a beholder is someone who sees or otherwise experiences things, becoming aware of them. To be a beholder, you have to pay attention. Different beholders might take in different aspects of the same event, like witnesses to a crime.
WORD FAMILY
beholder: beholders+/ behold: beheld, beholder, beholding, beholds/beholding: beholdings
USAGE EXAMPLES
That’s in the ear of the beholder, man.
The Guardian(Dec 14, 2016)
To be fair, a movie's beauty is in the eye of the beholder.
Golf Digest(Dec 11, 2016)
That determination was in the eye of the beholder, which sets up what should be a rip-roaring decisive match.
Seattle Times(Nov 22, 2016)
Back: n. 观看者，旁观者
分布：旁观者(100%)
PHRASE
个人观点；个人看法
If you say that something such as beauty or art is in the eye of the beholder, you mean that it is a matter of personal opinion.
例：Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.情人眼里出西施。
N-COUNT
观看者；旁观者
The beholder of something is the person who is looking at it.
例：The caves cannot but inspire wonder in the beholder.这些洞穴让观者无不叹为观止。
n. 旁观者；观看者
 - looker-on, stander-by

Word: boa
Front: boa
[ˈbəʊə] (19765/25901)
Vocabulary: boa
(once / 4919 pages)
1n 2n
A boa is a type of snake that squeezes its prey. It's also a fluffy, feathered, colorful scarf. Don't confuse the two and wear a snake as a scarf!
There are two types of boas: one is usually dangerous, and one is sometimes fashionable. The boa is a type of enormous serpent (also known as a boa constrictor) that squeezes its victims to death. Boas are mainly found in tropical regions. If you see a boa outside a zoo, you're in deep trouble. The other type of boa is more silly than scary: it's a long thin scarf that has either feathers or fur. If you are shopping for a boa, try to avoid coming home with the reptilian variety.
WORD FAMILY
boa: boas
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Arizona Republic’s syndicated and staff opinion writers were all “stridently anti-Trump,” said Phil Boas, director of the paper’s editorial department.
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
“We’re grieving right now,” said Christopher Boa, 39, a musician who lives nearby.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 04, 2016)
There’s another reptile with a temper, the Cuban boa, tightly coiled in the shade of a small tree trunk.
New York Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 蟒; 女用长围巾; 王蛇
分布：蟒蛇(95%)，女用羽毛围巾(5%)
→词源不详。俗词源认为其来自词根bov, 牛，见bovine, 牛的。形容其大。
US ['boʊ-] noun countable
CLOTHING 衣服
■a long thin piece of clothing made of feathers, and worn around the neck, especially by women （尤指女装的）羽毛长围巾
• a feather boa 羽毛长围巾
UK ['bəʊ.ə] US ['boʊ-] noun countable
SNAKE 蛇 (also boa constrictor UK ['bəʊə.kənˌstrɪk.tər] US ['boʊə.kənˌstrɪk.tɚ])
■a large, strong snake, found in South and Central America, that kills animals and birds by wrapping itself around them and crushing them 巨蚺，巨蟒（产于中南美洲的一种巨型蟒蛇）
n. [脊椎] 蟒蛇；女用围巾；蟒形联合浮动汇率
 - anaconda, collarette

Word: bene
Front: bene
['benɪ] None
Back: n. 祈祷，祷告; 佳适
分布：胡麻(50%)，=benne.(50%)
n. 祈祷；祝福；新几内亚的野猪
 - prayer, wish, blessing

Word: boondoggle
Front: boondoggle
[ˈbu:ndɒgl] (27050/-)
Vocabulary: boondoggle
(once / 50510 pages)
nv
A boondoggle is a useless, trivial piece of work — it's a waste of time. If you're serious about your career, you should avoid boondoggles.
Boondoggle is a silly sounding word for a silly project. Any endeavor that's a total waste of time or has no value could be called a boondoggle, especially if you're doing it just to look busy and important. The verb boondoggle means to do that useless work. If the mayor spends all his time promoting an eagle reserve in the middle of the Bronx instead of focusing on subway repairs, you could call that a boondoggle.
WORD ROUTES
The Story of "Boondoggle": A Useful Word for Useless Work
For the Slate podcast Lexicon Valley, I explored the peculiar origins of the word boondoggle, which took a strange trip from the world of Boy Scouts to the world of politics 80 years ago.
The word exploded on the scene on April 3, 1935, at a committee hearing of New York City's Board of Aldermen, investigating the city's Emergency Relief Bureau. The committee heard from a witness named Robert Marshall, who explained that people on relief were taught to make things from leather and canvas called boondoggles. The committee chairman asked Marshall to explain this "outlandish" word:
"Boon doggles is simply a term applied back in pioneer days to...things men and boys do that are useful in their everyday operations or recreations or about their home."
"Named for Daniel Boone?"
"No...It is boon doggles. It is spelled differently."
The aldermen found the testimony ludicrous, but newspaper reporters had a field day with it. The city's leading papers, the New York Times and the New York Herald Tribune, both splashed front-page articles about the committee hearing, singling out the teaching of "boon-doggling" as well as "eurhythmic dance."
The story went out on wire services across the country, and soon everyone knew about how New York's relief program budget was being spent on boondoggles. It didn't take long for the meaning of the word to shift into a kind of metaphor for useless work. And when it got picked up by opponents of Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal, the silly-sounding word boondoggle became emblematic for wasteful government spending.
A Republican National Committee pamphlet published in late 1935, "Roosevelt the Waster," pinned the word boondoggle firmly to Roosevelt and his administration:
President Roosevelt — spendthrift — with your money! He has devised more new and useless ways of wasting money than anyone ever before thought of. One is boondoggle.
Boondoggling is a comparatively new word on the American tongue. It is "Frankly Destructive" Roosevelt's pet way of wasting money. It turned the so-called New Deal into an ordeal...
Boondoggling first was known best in New York. Now the entire country knows of the utterly ridiculous and fantastic ways in which Mr. Roosevelt throws away your money.
Roosevelt, for his part, tried to salvage the word in a January 1936 speech in Newark, N.J.:
There is a grand word that is going around, "boondoggling"... If we can boondoggle ourselves out of this depression, that word is going to be enshrined in the hearts of the American people for many years to come.
And on the Senate floor, Senate Majority Leader Joseph T. Robinson (D-Arkansas) went even further, tying the word to Daniel Boone (even though that etymology had been shot down at the New York committee hearing):
"The word 'boondoggle' means a useful work, and it had its origin in the name of that sturdy American woodsman, Daniel Boone, who certainly knew as much about practical, useful things as the advertising writers now employed by the Republican National Committee and the miscalled American Liberty League." Boone had apparently made a "toggle" out of leather straps in order to tie his rifle on his head when swimming across a stream, thus keeping his gunpowder dry.
—Jason Scott Smith, Building New Deal Liberalism
We can safely say that boondoggle had nothing to do with Daniel Boone, and journalists at the time managed to piece together the actual etymology. The New York Herald Tribune doggedly pursued the story, checking with Dr. Frank H. Vizetelly, editor of Funk & Wagnalls dictionaries, immediately after the committee hearing that popularized the word. "I spent about an hour looking for the thing and had no luck," Dr. Vizetelly told the Herald Tribune. "I felt sure that if there ever had been such a word it would have been used in the time of our old friend... Andrew Jackson."
A few days later, on April 6, 1935, the Herald Tribune reported that the coinage of boondoggle was definitively explained in the March 1930 issue of Scouting, a magazine published by the Boy Scouts of America. (A copy of the magazine had been sent anonymously to the newspaper.) The article credits a Rochester, N.Y. scoutmaster, Robert H. Link, with coining the word in advance of the World Scouting Jamboree held in England in August 1929. At the Jamboree, the Rochester scouts presented colorful "boondoggles" made of plaited leather to the VIPs in attendance, including Lord Robert Baden-Powell, founder of the Scouting movement, and Edward, the Prince of Wales.
The Herald Tribune then tracked down Mr. Link, who gave them the inside scoop on how he came up with boondoggle:
Robert H. Link said today that he was the one who originated the word "boondoggle," which caused an uproar in the New York City Aldermanic hearing on unemployment relief last week.
Mr. Link said that when his son, Robert H. jr., was born in 1926, the word popped into his head as soon as he saw the faintly squirming, wrinkly infant. "Boondoggle," said Mr. Link on that occasion and "Boondoggle" Robert H. jr. has been ever since.
—"New-Born Baby Inspired The Word 'Boondoggle': Scoutmaster's Name for Son Passed on to Handicraft," New York Herald Tribune, Apr. 8, 1935, p. 1.
So did boondoggle really come about because Scoutmaster Link thought it was an appropriate nickname for his newborn child? The story seems awfully fanciful, but there's still no evidence of the word's usage before the Rochester scouts introduced it to the 1929 Jamboree. An article in the British humor magazine Punch, reporting on the Jamboree, called boondoggle "a word to conjure with." Little did they know how true that would turn out to be, especially when it entered the American political lexicon.
WORD FAMILY
boondoggle: boondoggles, boondoggling
USAGE EXAMPLES
USC players looked mostly relieved to be freed from the public-relations boondoggle that is the annual Rose Bowl excursion to Disneyland.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
“Quite frankly, we kind of felt that not only were they inappropriate,” he said, “but it was really kind of a boondoggle.”
New York Times(Nov 30, 2016)
So why is the same military government now working to implement a copycat rice boondoggle?
Wall Street Journal(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: vi. <美俚>做细小而无用的事
n. <美俚>细小而无用的事，手工品
时态：boondoggled, boondoggling, boondoggles
分布：无用的事(67%)，做无用的事(33%)
→boondoggle，原指一种类似中国结一样的小装饰品。现词义来自于1935年美国罗斯福新政时，政府投入几百万美元打着丰富失业人民业余生活的旗号开办boondoggle workshop。
US [-ˌdɑ:.gl] US informal
noun countable
■an unnecessary and expensive piece of work, especially one which is paid for by the public （尤指由公众支付费用的）耗资巨大而无意义的工作
• The senator called the new highways proposal "...a fraud and a boondoggle that the taxpayer should not tolerate". 参议员称新的道路建设计划是“…毫无意义的骗钱工程，纳税人不应该容忍”。
n. 手工品；细小而无用的事；劳动力和生产工具不经济的利用
 - handmade article

Word: calligraphy
Front: calligraphy
[kəˈlɪgrəfi] (宝 19189/23096)
Vocabulary: calligraphy
(once / 15739 pages)
n
Ever see a framed diploma in your doctor's office filled with fancy old fashioned curvy handwriting announcing they trained at such and such a university? Well, that style of writing is calligraphy, and it's mostly used for important public documents.
The word calligraphy comes from two Greek words stuck together, kallos, meaning "beauty," and graphein, meaning "to write" — literally "beautiful writing." In the days before printing was invented, all books and documents were written by hand using calligraphy, the most famous examples being the bibles written by medieval monks.
WORD FAMILY
calligraphy: calligrapher, calligraphical, calligraphies, calligraphist+/calligrapher: calligraphers/calligraphist: calligraphists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Across the country state-sponsored vandals destroyed temples, mansions, city walls, scenic sites, paintings, calligraphy and other artefacts.
Economist(Dec 20, 2016)
I run a calligraphy business, do a bit of tutoring and occasionally write pieces for religious publications.
The Guardian(Dec 08, 2016)
He runs an informal Islamic school, where men and boys pray and write out the Koran in elegant ink calligraphy on yellow parchment.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 20, 2016)
Back: n. 美术字（体）; 书法，笔迹
分布：书法(100%)
→calli-，美。-graph, 写。
书法[cal=beautiful(美丽)]
noun uncountable
■(the art of producing) beautiful writing, often created with a special pen or brush 书法；书法艺术
• There's some wonderful calligraphy in these old manuscripts. 这些古老的手稿中有些地方书写得极好。
n. [语] 书法；笔迹
 - writing, penmanship

Word: cantankerous
Front: cantankerous
[kænˈtæŋkərəs] (宝 23375/32754)
Vocabulary: cantankerous
(once / 10697 pages)
adj
If someone is cantankerous he has a difficult disposition. Take care not to throw your ball into the yard of the cantankerous old man down the street — he'll cuss you out and keep your ball.
The origin of cantankerous is unclear (it may be at least partly from Middle English contek 'dissension'), but ever since it first appeared in plays from the 1770s, it's been a popular way to describe someone who is quarrelsome and disagreeable. It is usually applied to people, but stubborn animals like mules are also described as cantankerous. Events can be cantankerous too, like a cantankerous debate. Some synonyms are cranky, bad-tempered, irritable, irascible.
WORD FAMILY
cantankerous: cantankerousest, cantankerously
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sutter was a fixture at the Capitol and on the campaign trail where he softened the image of the cantankerous governor.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Indeed, the subject turns this often cantankerous man downright cheerful.
The New Yorker(Nov 23, 2016)
Others, like the World Cup champion women’s national team and its fight for pay equality, are cantankerous and complex.
New York Times(Nov 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 脾气不好的，爱争吵的
分布：脾气坏的(63%)，难相处的(25%)，好争吵的(12%)
→可能来自contentious和raucous的合成词。或来自于cantan, 鸭叫声，见canary, -ker, 狗叫声，见cur, curmudgeon.
【记】cant唱anker＝anger－愤怒的唱－好争吵的can读：侃，tank坦克－侃起来象坦克－脾气坏的
US [-kɚ-] adjective
■arguing and complaining a lot 爱争吵且抱怨不休的
• He's getting a bit cantankerous in his old age. 他上了年纪，变得有些爱吵嘴还老抱怨。
adj. 脾气坏的；爱吵架的；难相处的
 - spleenful, mean-tempered

Word: brownie

Word: causality
Front: causality
[kɔ:ˈzæləti] (14463/23471)
Vocabulary: causality
(once / 9106 pages)
n
Causality is the connection between a cause and its result or consequence. It is sometimes hard to figure out the causality of a stomach ache — it could be due to something you ate, or just a result of stress.
You'll often find the word causality in scholarly or academic writing. Medical researchers might talk about the causality of various diseases, and a sociologist might study the causality of a childhood in poverty on future trouble in school. This noun comes from the adjective causal, "acting as a cause," from a Latin root, causa, or "cause."
WORD FAMILY
causality: causalities+/ causal: causality, causally, noncausal/ causation: causations/causative: causatively, noncausative/ cause: causal, causation, causative, caused, causeless, causes, causing/caused: uncaused/causeless: causelessly/causing: causings/uncaused: uncausedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Causality and directionality haven't been definitively determined, but there are very strong associations between what happens in the brain and what happens in the gut.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
Kabat writes clearly, but his discussions of association, causality and toxicology are, at times, a bit technical for the general reader.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
But there are few signs pointing towards causality.
Slate(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 因果关系; 因果性
分布：因果关系(99%)，缘由(1%)
US [kɑ:'zæl.ə.tˌi] formal
noun uncountable
■the principle that there is a cause for everything that happens 因果律，因果论（即万事皆有其因）
n. 因果关系
 - causal relationship

Word: caseload
Front: caseload
[ˈkeɪsləʊd] (14587/28560)
Back: n. 待处理案件的数量
分布：待处理案件之数量(100%)
US [-loʊd] noun countable
■the amount of work which someone, especially a doctor or lawyer, has to do in a period of time 工作量；个案总量；（医生的）病例
• a heavy caseload 繁重的工作量

Word: clipper
Front: clipper
[ˈklɪpə(r)] (宝 16596/22256 -1)
Vocabulary: clipper
(once / 3496 pages)
1n 2n 3n
Use the noun clipper when you're talking about an old-fashioned ship with many masts and sails.
Although clippers were mostly used in the nineteenth century for carrying goods across oceans, you can still see them in various harbors today. The name clipper came from the verb clip, which can mean "to move or run rapidly." An entirely different meaning of clipper is the kind you use to trim your toenails or the weeds along the edge of your driveway.
WORD FAMILY
clipper: clippers+/ clip: clipped, clipper, clipping, clips, unclip/clipped: clippedly/clipping: clippings/unclip: unclipped
USAGE EXAMPLES
Clippers center DeAndre Jordan limped throughout the Thunder game after he hurt his left hip and left ankle.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Suns: Monday they travel to Los Angeles to face the Clippers.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The short-handed Clippers lost their fifth game in a row on Friday night, a 140-116 blowout loss in Houston.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 剪刀，理发剪; 剪削者，削取人; （十九世纪的）快速帆船; 快马，移动很快的人或物
分布：理发剪(40%)，大剪刀(30%)，修剪工(15%)，移动很快的人或物(15%)
→来自clip,剪。
N-PLURAL
(尤指剪头发或指甲用的)剪刀;指甲钳
Clippers are a tool used for cutting small amounts from something, especially from someone's hair or nails.
N-COUNT
(旧时的)快速帆船
In former times, a clipper was a fast sailing ship.
n. 快速帆船；大剪刀；剪削者；理发剪
 - shear, prahu

Word: comprehension
Front: comprehension
[ˌkɒmprɪˈhenʃn] (高研四六托 7826/7886 -1)
Vocabulary: comprehension
(once / 871 pages)
1n 2n
The word comprehension means understanding. When you lack comprehension of a difficult word, you will likely need to look up its definition and usage in a cool, down-to-earth online dictionary!
Comprehension actually comes from the Latin term, comprehensionem, which means "a seizing." When you have comprehension of a subject, you have seized information and incorporated it into your own knowledge. Any kind of mental grasping of an idea or a subject is a kind of comprehension. You might attempt comprehension of a curious situation, like the fact that your goofy roommate always manages to date models. Sometimes, such mysteries are beyond comprehension!
WORD FAMILY
comprehension: comprehensions, incomprehension+/ comprehend: comprehended, comprehendible, comprehending, comprehends, comprehensible, comprehension, comprehensive /comprehended: uncomprehended/comprehending: uncomprehending/comprehensible: comprehensibility, comprehensibly, incomprehensible, uncomprehensible, understandably/ comprehensive: comprehensively, comprehensiveness, comprehensives, incomprehensive, noncomprehensive/comprehensively: noncomprehensively/incomprehensibility: incomprehensibilities/ incomprehensible: incomprehensibility, incomprehensibly/incomprehension: incomprehensions/incomprehensive: incomprehensively/uncomprehending: uncomprehendingly/understandably: ununderstandably
USAGE EXAMPLES
They developed leadership and comprehension skills, team work, self-discipline and gained an attention to detail, Arline said.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
A story that’s strange enough to be remembered, but not so strange as to defy comprehension.
Science Magazine(Dec 23, 2016)
Her standoffish husband, another philosophy-department academic, remains a question beyond the limits of her comprehension.
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 理解，理解力; 包含的能力; [逻辑学]内涵
分布：理解(91%)，理解力(8%)，领悟能力(1%)
a.理解(力),领悟;包含,包含力The problem is beyond my comprehension.这个问题超出我的理解力.".
US [ˌkɑ:m-] noun
uncountable
■the ability to understand completely and be familiar with a situation, facts, etc. 理解（力）；领悟（能力）
• He has no comprehension of the size of the problem. 他不明白问题有多严重。
• How she manages to fit so much into a working day is beyond my comprehension (= I cannot understand it). 我搞不明白她如何能在一个工作天里做那么多事情。
countable or uncountable UK
■a test to find out how well students understand written or spoken language 理解力测试
• a listening/reading comprehension 听力练习／阅读理解
understand, recognize, perceive, learn, comprehension
understand: 理解
recognize: 认出，认得
perceive: 察觉，理解
learn: 学会
comprehension: 理解
n. 理解；包含
 - containing, grasp, understanding, involved in, involvement

Word: concealment
Front: concealment
[kənˈsi:lmənt] (18604/19951)
Vocabulary: concealment
(once / 951 pages)
n
Use the noun concealment when you talk about the act of hiding something. The concealment of your terrible haircut is easy — just wear a hat.
Concealment is the process of disguising something or the condition of keeping something private. Secret agents need to focus on concealment all the time, of their identities and sometimes their hair color, citizenship, and activities. A hunter's concealment is important in a different way — she might wear camouflage and stay low and quiet to avoid being seen by the ducks she's hunting. The Old French root word is conceler, "to hide."
WORD FAMILY
concealment: concealments+/ conceal: concealed, concealing, concealment, conceals/ concealed: concealedly, unconcealed/concealing: concealingly, concealings/unconcealed: unconcealedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sprinkle was charged by Charlotte Mecklenburg Police with shoplifting by concealment Tuesday at the Belk department store and was released.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Plausible deniability is the ability of a person in charge to avoid blowback through concealment of connection.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
They also charged a 48 year-old woman with hindering prosecution and concealment of a human corpse.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 隐藏; 隐瞒; 隐匿处; 隐藏手段
分布：隐蔽(72%)，隐匿(19%)，躲藏(9%)
noun uncountable
■when something is hidden 隐藏；隐匿；隐瞒
• the concealment of evidence/facts/weapons 隐瞒证据／隐瞒事实／隐藏武器
n. 隐藏，隐蔽； [法] 隐匿处
 - secretion, hideout

Word: confection
Front: confection
[kənˈfekʃn] (宝 19184/22176)
Vocabulary: confection
(once / 2350 pages)
1nv 2n
A confection is a food loaded with sugar. Chocolate layer cake, strawberry lollipops, and vanilla bonbons are all confections. Yum!
Do you have a sweet tooth? Then you love confections, which are sweet treats such as cakes and candies and all manner of food that’s full of sugary deliciousness. The candy aisle is loaded with confections. Bakeries sell confections too, like cupcakes. A confection is almost always a delicious dessert. Just make sure you eat your vegetables before you eat any confections!
WORD FAMILY
confection: confectioned, confectioner, confectionery, confectioning, confections+/confect: confected, confecting, confection, confects/confectioner: confectioners/confectionery: confectioneries
USAGE EXAMPLES
This French snowball of a confection is an enticing combination of whipped cream, ganache, meringue and various toppings.
Washington Post(Dec 14, 2016)
The confection’s price often reflected this, which meant sugarplums were a luxury item worthy of visions, to be enjoyed on a special occasion.
Time(Dec 21, 2016)
Weeks before the confections show up in the shops, you find them previewed in glossy magazines and in every newspaper.
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. 甜食，糕点
分布：糖果(47%)，甜食(25%)，调制(16%)，糖果剂(6%)，精美作品(6%)
→con-, 强调。-fect, 做，准备，词源同fact, effect.即精心做出来的，精心准备的。
糖果(con共同+fect+ion→混在一起→糖果)[fac,fact,fect,fic,fig=make,do,表示"做,制作"]
甜食(con一同+fect做+ion...混合制成的糖果甜食)[-ion 1.表名词"动作或状态“2.表示"某种物,用品"]
【记】con共同，fect做－大家一起做－甜食；
【参】infection（n 感染）；affection（n 感情）；perfection（n 完美）
[kən'fek.ʃən] formal
noun countable
■a decorated cake or unusual sweet dish （精制的）糕点，甜点，甜食
n. 糖果，蜜饯；调制；糖膏（剂）；精制工艺品
 - sweet, modulation

Word: culpa

Word: crackpot
Front: crackpot
[ˈkrækpɒt] (22984/34005)
Vocabulary: crackpot
(once / 21031 pages)
n
A crackpot is a colorfully strange or odd person. You might describe your neighbor as a crackpot if he keeps farm animals inside his house and wears a clown costume everywhere he goes.
Although you might call someone a crackpot if he's eccentric or has extreme, unusual beliefs or opinions, the word is fairly derogatory and might offend him. People who are called crackpots often take up unpopular causes or conspiracy theories. A scientist who doesn't believe in the theories of evolution and gravity could be called a crackpot. Dating from the late 19th century, crackpot combines pot, slang for "head," with crack, implying someone whose head is cracked.
WORD FAMILY
crackpot: crackpots
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sykes said he regrets not drawing the line more strongly against conspiracy theorists and “crackpots” on the right.
Seattle Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Will it be some crackpot theory about this or that conspiracy?
Washington Post(Dec 06, 2016)
One of my part-time employees tends to believe every crackpot theory she finds on the internet.
New York Times(Nov 11, 2016)
Back: n. 怪人，狂人
adj. 古怪的，离奇的; 不切实际的
分布：疯子(38%)，怪人(29%)，狂想家(17%)，想入非非的(12%)，不切实的(4%)
US [-pɑ:t] informal
noun countable
■a person who is silly or stupid 愚蠢的人， 傻瓜
n. 狂想家，疯子；怪人
 - put, odd
adj. 不切实际的，想入非非的
 - ideal, unreasonable, dream

Word: cranny
Front: cranny
[ˈkræni] (18531/19830)
Vocabulary: cranny
(once / 4598 pages)
n
A cranny is a little crack or narrow opening, Many cats like to settle themselves into any cranny they can find.
A rock wall is full of crannies where you can fit your fingers and feet as you climb up, while a tree's crackly bark provides crannies for insects to hide in. It's pretty common to see the word cranny accompanied by nook: "When you vacuum the living room, don't forget about all the little nooks and crannies!" Cranny is a diminutive of the Old French cran, "notch or fissure," from crener, "to split."
WORD FAMILY
cranny: crannies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Inside, he said, were two floors with a huge open space on the first floor with lots of nooks and crannies.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 04, 2016)
Heightening a visitor’s attentiveness to otherwise incidental details, Miller reveals a capacity to transform the nooks and crannies of a composition into unexpected wonders.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 02, 2016)
The consequences are unbridled executive growth into every cranny of commerce and society, and a bystander Congress.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: n. 裂缝，裂隙
分布：裂缝(53%)，裂隙(47%)
→来自sker, 砍，劈，词源同shear, caries.
noun countable
■a small narrow opening in something solid 裂缝，缝隙
• There were small plants growing in every nook and cranny of the wall. 墙上每道缝隙里都长着低矮的植物。
n. 裂隙，裂缝
 - crack, split

Word: contaminant
Front: contaminant
[kənˈtæmɪnənt] (9858/22602)
Back: n. 污染物，致污物
分布：杂质(48%)，污染物质(42%)，沾染物(10%)
[kən'tæm.ɪ.nənt] specialized
noun countable
■a substance that makes something less pure or makes it poisonous 致污物，污染物
• Make sure that all equipment is clean and free of contaminants. 要确保所有设备是干净、未受污染的。
n. [环境] 污染物；致污物
 - pollutant, fomite

Word: decor
Front: decor
[ˈdeɪkɔ:(r)] (9880/10218 -1)
Vocabulary: decor
(once / 183 pages)
n
The way you paint and furnish a room in your house is its decor. Interior designers are experts at planning decor.
Filmmakers who want to capture a certain look hire a production designer, whose job in part is to organize the decor on various sets. In your own house, the extent of your decor might be gray paint on the walls, a few knickknacks, bookshelves, and hand-me-down furniture. Decor comes from the French décor, from décorer, "to decorate." Decor was originally a theater term.
WORD FAMILY
decor: decorate, decors+/ decorate: decorated, decorates, decorating, decoration, decorative, decorator, redecorate /decorated: undecorated/ decoration: decorations/ decorative: decoratively, decorativeness/ decorator: decorators/ redecorate: redecorated, redecorates, redecorating
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Hancock likes to play with shapes in plants to augment his home decor.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 01, 2017)
The namesake cocktail of the bar Foreign National was anointed among the 28 best in America by Elle Décor magazine.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The walls were white, and the décor was minimalist.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 布置，装饰; 布景; 装饰风格
分布：装饰(79%)，布置(14%)，陈设(7%)
→来自词根dec, 美丽，得体，词源同decent, dignity. 用来指装饰，装修。
UK ['dek.ɔ:r] US [deɪ'kɔ:r] noun [S or U]
■the colour, style and arrangement of the objects in a room （房间内的）装饰布局，装饰风格
• elegant decor 雅致的装饰
n. 装饰，布置
 - arrangement, positioning, setting, placement, laying

Word: devilishly
Front: devilishly
[ˈdevəlɪʃli] (28231/35838)
Back: adv. 过分地，厉害地
分布：魔鬼似地(100%)
adverb
■extremely 非常，极其
• That's a devilishly difficult question. 那是一个极难的问题。
adv. 像魔鬼地；过分地
 - excessively, obsessively

Word: dawdle
Front: dawdle
[ˈdɔ:dl] (托宝 20624/23697)
Vocabulary: dawdle
(once / 4343 pages)
v
There are lots of words that mean to move slowly. The point of dawdle is that one is moving too slowly, is falling behind, or is not properly focused on making progress.
One way to remember the meaning of dawdle is that it rhymes with "waddle," as in, "a duck waddles." Imagine what would happen if you waddled instead of walked. It would take a lot more time, and your companion might say, "Don't dawdle!" Dawdle implies not only taking extra time but actually wasting it. A leisurely walk in the woods is one thing, but if you have to get to the theater on time, don't dawdle along the way: you'll miss the curtain!
WORD FAMILY
dawdle: dawdled, dawdler, dawdles, dawdling+/dawdler: dawdlers/dawdling: dawdlings
USAGE EXAMPLES
But “Ride the Cyclone” never dawdles on such poignancy — in fact, it scrupulously avoids it.
New York Times(Nov 30, 2016)
But pessimist pigs that lived in shabbier pens were less interested about what they would find, and dawdled.
Science Magazine(Nov 15, 2016)
Instead he dawdled on the ball, perhaps contemplating a lay-off to Courtois, and was duly dispossessed by the galloping Sánchez.
The Guardian(Sep 24, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 混（时间）
时态：dawdled, dawdling, dawdles
分布：闲逛(44%)，浪费时间(31%)，磨蹭(25%)
→来自古英语方言daddle, 游荡，比较doodle, doddle, totter, toddle.
【记】读：兜兜，即饭后的兜兜弯－闲逛
【参】dawdler（n 闲逛者；游手好闲的人）
【反】hie（v 催促；急忙）
US ['dɑ:-] verb intransitive
■to do something or go somewhere very slowly, taking more time than is necessary 磨蹭；拖沓
• Stop dawdling! You'll be late for school! 别磨蹭了！你上学迟到了！
vi. 混日子；游手好闲；偷懒
 - spare oneself, goof off
vt. 混日子；游手好闲；浪费时间
 - goof off, hell around

Word: emergent
Front: emergent
[iˈmɜ:dʒənt] (13858/20401)
Vocabulary: emergent
(once / 272 pages)
adj
If you have an emergent talent for science, your teacher might bump you up to an advanced science class. Emergent is an adjective that describes something that is emerging, or suddenly coming into existence.
Emergent means “coming into being.” It's often used in phrases like “emergent technologies.” These are brand-new technologies that we can expect to be widely used in the near future. The Internet, for example, was an emergent technology in the early 1990s. Emergent sometimes implies that what is coming into being is surprising and demands a response. An “emergent disease,” for instance, would send scientists scrambling to find a cure. In this sense emergent is related to emergency.
WORD FAMILY
emergent: emergency +/ emerge: emerged, emergence, emergent, emerges, emerging, emersion, re-emerge/ emergence: emergences/ emergency: emergencies/ emersion: emersions/re-emerge: re-emerged, re-emerging
USAGE EXAMPLES
Today there is no emergent virus running amok.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
City Century hopes to attract what Morkun called “the emergent creative class” in such fields as entertainment, media, gaming, fashion and technology.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
It should be headed by women, young people and people of color, emergent from formations like the Movement for Black Lives and Occupy.
The Guardian(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 紧急的; 浮现的; 突然出现的; 自然发生的
分布：新兴的(43%)，出现的(31%)，紧急的(26%)
ADJ
（国家、政治运动、社会团体等）新兴的，兴起的
An emergent country, political movement, or social group is one that is becoming powerful or coming into existence.
例：...an emergent state.新兴国家
例：...an emergent nationalist movement.新兴民族主义运动
adj. 紧急的；浮现的；意外的；自然发生的
 - urgent, sudden, instant, unexpected

Word: doze
Front: doze
[dəʊz] (研托雅宝 11330/12444 -1)
Vocabulary: doze
(once / 1085 pages)
nv
Are you sleepy? Maybe you need to doze a little. To doze is to sleep lightly or to take a nap.
To doze is to just have a little sleep: either a short nap or a very light snooze. Since doze and snooze almost rhyme — and snoring sounds a little like ZZZZZZZZZZZ — the letter Z might be a good way to remember this word. Just make sure you don't "doze off" in class.
WORD FAMILY
doze: dozed, dozes, dozing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Don’t leave the car idling with windows closed or while you doze.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Jose Rangel Chavez and 18 other Mexican guest workers were dozing as their bus hurtled down Interstate 40 in a light rain.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
It dozes for much of the winter, but last night was a rare exception.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: vi. 打盹儿，打瞌睡; 假寐
vt. 打瞌睡度过
n. 瞌睡
时态：dozed, dozing, dozes
分布：瞌睡(56%)，打瞌睡(44%)
→词源同dizzy, 发晕，眩晕。引申词义小睡。
v./n.瞌睡;假寐Some of the students dozed off during the lecture.有些学生在上课时打瞌睡.
US [doʊz] verb intransitive
■to have a short sleep, especially during the day （尤指白天）小睡，打盹
• My cat likes dozing in front of the fire. 我的猫喜欢在火炉前打盹。
UK [dəʊz] US [doʊz] verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  doze off informal
■If you doze off, you start to sleep, especially during the day （尤指在白天）睡着了，入睡了
• The office was so hot I nearly dozed off at my desk. 办公室里很热，我差点在办公桌上睡着了。
nap, slumber, doze, sleep
这组词都有“睡”的意思，其区别是：
nap: 指白天的小睡。
slumber: 多指人安详地或长时间地睡。
doze: 多用于口语中，指轻微的小睡或处于半睡状态。
sleep: 普通用词，指一般的睡眠。可用作引申指长眠或静止不动。
vi. 打瞌睡；假寐
 - catnap, drowse
n. 瞌睡
 - sleepiness, zizz

Word: dorado
Front: dorado
[də'rɑ:dəʊ] (36140/35470)
Back: n. 剑鱼，旗鱼; 鲯鳅
分布：剑鱼(75%)，旗鱼(25%)

Word: disdainful
Front: disdainful
[dɪsˈdeɪnfl] (22437/21234)
Vocabulary: disdainful
(once / 1725 pages)
adj
Disdainful means scornful and arrogant. To be disdainful is to act mean and superior.
If you're acting haughty, imperious, lordly, overbearing, prideful, sniffy, supercilious, or swaggering, you're acting disdainful. The great Michael Jordan was known to be disdainful of his opponents — and even teammates who couldn't keep up with him. Arrogant people with their nose in the air are disdainful. This can also have an even harsher sense, meaning contemptuous. Either way, that person who gave you the disdainful look doesn’t like you (or at least something you did) very much.
WORD FAMILY
disdainful: disdainfully, disdainfulness+/ disdain: disdained, disdainful, disdaining, disdains
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It doesn’t help you win elections if you’re openly disdainful toward the driving force in many Americans’ lives,” he said.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
A flock of disdainful ducks seem destined to win, but Marge and Lola have a few ideas up their sleeves — or rather under their wings.
New York Times(Nov 17, 2016)
Despite his acclaim, Mr. Vaughn could be a little disdainful about his vocation.
New York Times(Nov 11, 2016)
Back: adj. 轻蔑的，蔑视的
分布：轻蔑的(48%)，鄙视的(42%)，不屑一顾的(10%)
adj. 轻蔑的；倨傲的；鄙视的
 - scornful, sniffish

Word: egghead
Front: egghead
[ˈeghed] (30441/37847)
Vocabulary: egghead
(once / 30700 pages)
n
An egghead is a smart, nerdy person. You might call your studious older brother, who always seems to have a book in his hand, an egghead.
The word egghead is a very informal, slightly insulting name for an intellectual. College libraries are full of eggheads, academics who are researching and writing and thinking about their scholarly pursuits. The word originally meant "bald person," but it came to mean "smart person" in Chicago-area slang, particularly among newspaper reporters around 1918.
WORD FAMILY
egghead: eggheads
USAGE EXAMPLES
There is an echo here of intellectuals’ reaction to the defeat of Adlai Stevenson, the liberal “egghead” candidate, in 1952.
Slate(Dec 06, 2016)
While university professors might be scorned as condescending eggheads, book smarts are prized when used against the bookish.
New York Times(Nov 13, 2016)
That he’d fight for them in their battle against the preppy eggheads who run the government, the financial system, and the media.
Slate(Nov 11, 2016)
Back: n. 有知识者，受过高等教育的人，理论家; 书呆子
分布：知识分子(57%)，理论家(43%)
→字面意思即学究，聪明绝顶。
['eg.hed] humorous disapproving
noun countable
■a person, especially a man, who is very clever and interested only in studying and other mental activities （尤指男性）学究，学问家（书呆子）
n. 理论家；受过高等教育的人；书呆子
 - theorist, ideologist

Word: elm
Front: elm
[elm] (宝 14120/12055 -1)
Back: n. [植]榆树，榆木
分布：榆树(79%)，榆木(21%)
→来自el, 红棕色，词源同elm, eland.
【记】不住，可以不记！读：爱我吗？这句话比较适合在榆树下说，因为凉快，不会让对方紧张的出汗！
noun countable or uncountable
■a large tree which loses its leaves in winter, or the wood from this tree 榆树；榆木
n. [林] 榆树；榆木
 - elmwood

Word: downsize
Front: downsize
[ˈdaʊnsaɪz] (10592/30930)
Vocabulary: downsize
(once / 11703 pages)
1v 2v
To downsize is to make something smaller. You might downsize your collection of vintage china by selling everything that's nicked or chipped.
You can downsize the items you own by giving them away, and you can downsize your living situation by moving from a huge house to a very small apartment. When a company downsizes, it almost always means it's reducing the number of employees, making the company smaller by laying them off. This last meaning has only been around since the 1980s.
WORD FAMILY
downsize: downsized, downsizes, downsizing+/downsizing: downsizings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some, like Ms. Degliantoni, the fund-raising executive, simply downsize their expectations.
New York Times(Jul 13, 2012)
On its face, downsizing a river doesn’t sound like a big victory for environmentalists.
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
At its simplest, it’s a social and architectural movement in which people downsize the space they live in.
Washington Times(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: vt. 以较小尺寸设计（或制造），缩小（汽车等的）外部尺寸
分布：缩小规模(67%)，以较小尺寸设计或制造(33%)
verb intransitive or transitive
■If you downsize a company or organization, you make it smaller by reducing the number of people working for it, and if it downsizes, it becomes smaller in this way （使）减员，（使）（公司或组织）瘦身
• to downsize your workforce/company 减少你的劳动力人数／实行公司减员
• The plight of the Asian economy is forcing businesses to downsize. 亚洲经济所处的困境正迫使企业进行裁员。

Word: erin
Front: erin
[ˈiərin] (-/27729)
Back: abbr. Environmental Resources Information Network 环境资源信息网络
分布：名词(100%)

Word: encumber
Front: encumber
[ɪnˈkʌmbə(r)] (托宝 27430/22978)
Vocabulary: encumber
(once / 1607 pages)
v
To encumber is to weigh someone or something down with a physical or psychological burden. You may find yourself encumbered by a heavy backpack or with anxieties. Either way, it's a heavy load to bear!
You can also use encumber to describe something that restricts you in some way: you're so encumbered by your homework load you can’t go to the concert Saturday night. The root, cumber, has several shades of meaning — including "to burden" and "to be overwhelmed."
WORD FAMILY
encumber: disencumber, encumbered, encumbering, encumbers+/cumber: cumbered, cumbering, cumbers, encumber /disencumber: disencumbered, disencumbering, disencumbers/ encumbered: unencumbered
USAGE EXAMPLES
Two astronauts clamber across the tortured terrain, encumbered by the heavy scientific instruments they carry on their backs and in their hands.
Washington Post(Dec 10, 2016)
“We don’t want to encumber small business from expanding. We cannot look at fair scheduling in isolation. Must look at totality of all legislation.”
Washington Times(Nov 03, 2016)
His efforts are encumbered by Volkswagen’s governance system, which grants labor representatives half the seats on the board.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 03, 2016)
Back: vt. <正>妨碍，阻碍，拖累
时态：encumbered, encumbering, encumbers
分布：妨害(82%)，阻害(18%)
→en-, 进入，使。cumber，妨害，拖累。
妨害,阻碍(en进入+cumber→成为障碍→妨害)[cub,cumb=liedown,表示"躺";cumber=barrier,表示"躺的东西,障碍"]
【记】cumber（v 阻碍），cumb躺－躺在马路上－妨害（交通）
【参】recumbent（adj 靠着的；斜躺着的；休息的）；
【反】remove impediment（除去阻碍）
US [-bɚ] formal
verb transitive
■to weigh someone or something down, or to make it difficult for someone to do something 使…负担沉重；妨碍，阻碍；拖累
• Today, thankfully, women tennis players are not encumbered with/by long, heavy skirts and high-necked blouses. 幸好今天的女子网球运动员打球时不用受笨重的长裙和高领衬衫的束缚了。
vt. 阻塞；妨害；拖累
 - drag, plug up

Word: esprit
Front: esprit
[es'pri:] (25967/27635)
Vocabulary: esprit
(once / 4034 pages)
n
Someone with esprit is full of life, joy, and vigor. Your esprit might make you a lively camp counselor or an enthusiastic teacher.
The quality of being vivacious and alive, smart and witty, can be summed up in the word esprit. Esprit isn't something everyone has, but people who do are positive and fun to be around. It's a French word that's been used in English since the 16th century, literally meaning "spirit," "soul," or "mind," from the Latin root spiritus, "spirit."
WORD FAMILY
esprit: esprits
USAGE EXAMPLES
Griffith spent time at clothing brands Esprit, J. Peterman Co. and Gap as well.
Seattle Times(Dec 19, 2016)
“There is a problem,” said Scott Taylor, editor and publisher of Esprit de Corps, an independent Canadian military magazine.
Washington Post(Oct 29, 2016)
The source of the European team’s surprisingly strong esprit de corps is in that disparity and in that desire to create a true rivalry.
New York Times(Sep 25, 2016)
Back: n. <法>才气，才智
分布：团体精神(100%)
n. （法）精神，才智；机敏
 - spirit, wisdom, energy, mind, soul

Word: essayist
Front: essayist
[ˈeseɪɪst] (15631/33686)
Back: n. 小品作者，随笔作家，评论家
分布：散文作家(53%)，随笔作家(47%)
noun countable
■a person who writes essays that are published 论说文（或小品文、散文）作家
• a political essayist 政论作家
n. 随笔作家，散文家；评论家
 - critic, proser

Word: fortification
Front: fortification
[ˌfɔ:tɪfɪˈkeɪʃn] (17488/16026)
Back: n. 筑垒，设防; 防御工事
分布：名词(100%)
US [ˌfɔ:r.tˌə-] noun
countable usually plural
■strong walls, towers, etc. that are built to protect a place 防御工事
• Some of the old fortifications still exist. 一些古老的防御工事仍然屹立不倒。
• The fortifications of the castle were massive and impenetrable. 城堡的防御工事厚实牢固，坚不可摧。
uncountable
■the act of fortifying something 强化；设防
n. 设防； [军] 防御工事；加强；配方
 - formula, strengthening, reinforcement

Word: estrangement
Front: estrangement
[ɪˈstreɪndʒmənt] (19137/22167)
Vocabulary: estrangement
(once / 3917 pages)
n
Estrangement is the feeling that you don't belong, especially when you're surrounded by other people. If you've ever had to sit by yourself in a school cafeteria, you know what estrangement feels like.
Right in the middle of the word estrangement is strange, and it provides a great clue about how to use the word. Estrangement happens when something — or someone — makes you feel like a stranger. It can describe a couple that's split up or the alienation of a former friend. The meaning hasn't changed much from its Latin root, extraneare, "treat as a stranger."
WORD FAMILY
estrangement: estrangements+/ estrange: estranged, estrangement, estranges, estranging
USAGE EXAMPLES
Afloat, Raban writes, he found a “sea-distance” that matched his sense of estrangement from Britain, and the grounding stability that eluded him on land.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
This estrangement from the sacred continues a trend begun during the Enlightenment of the 18th century.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
They demonstrated signs of a traumatic life, like severe social isolation, school or job failure, or family estrangement.
Salon(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 疏远，失和，不和
分布：疏远(100%)
→来自estranged, 分居的。
【记】estrange（v 疏远）；strange（adj 陌生的；生疏的）
【反】reconciliation（n 和解；调和；顺从）；rapprochement（n 和睦）
N-VAR
疏远;疏远期;分居（期）
Estrangement is the state of being estranged from someone or the length of time for which you are estranged.
例：The trip will bring to an end years of estrangement between the two countries...此行将会结束两国多年来的疏远关系。
例：That day marked the beginning of a 20-year estrangement.从那一天开始了长达20年的互不往来。
n. 疏远；失和
 - distance, alienation

Word: feline
Front: feline
[ˈfi:laɪn] (宝 19465/23868)
Vocabulary: feline
(once / 5422 pages)
adjn
You can describe your kitten as your young feline friend, since feline describes anything having to do with cats.
The adjective feline is useful when you're talking about cats — just as canine describes dogs, and ursine describes bears. You might talk about the special feline food and toys you buy for your pet, or describe his feline beauty. You can even describe a person as feline, if something about him or her is catlike. The Latin root felinus means "of or belonging to a cat," from feles, "cat."
WORD FAMILY
feline: felinely, felines
USAGE EXAMPLES
The feline calendar, inundated with photo submissions, started printing two editions a year a few years ago to fit them all.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
That’s because the early-morning visitor was no domestic feline munching on some unlucky rodent.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 15, 2016)
In the Kalahari Desert, the new solar-powered Lodge at Feline Fields aims to use low-impact tourism to drive conservation in the region.
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 猫（科）的
n. 猫科动物
分布：猫(61%)，猫科动物(26%)，猫科的(13%)
→来自拉丁语feles, 野猫。用来猫学名。
【记】felid（n 猫科动物）fe佛身上有很多line－猫抓的
adjective
■belonging or relating to the cat family 猫科的
• feline leukaemia 猫白血病
■mainly approving
■appearing or behaving like a cat 似猫的；猫状的
• She had pretty, almost feline features. 她长得俊俏标致，像小猫一样娇媚可爱。
['fi:.laɪn] noun countable specialized
■a member of the cat family 猫科动物
• a wildlife park with tigers and various other felines 有老虎和其他各种猫科动物的野生动物园
adj. 猫科的；猫一样的；狡猾的
 - designing, knowing, subtle
n. 猫科动物
 - cat, catamount

Word: fortuitous
Front: fortuitous
[fɔ:ˈtju:ɪtəs] (托宝 19324/18692)
Vocabulary: fortuitous
(once / 4825 pages)
adj
Fortuitous means by chance, like a lucky accident. If you and your best friend's families happen to go on vacation to the same place at the same time, that’s a fortuitous coincidence!
Something fortuitous is random like an accident, but there’s no downside. A rock falling on your head is an accident, dollar bills falling on your head is fortuitous. The meaning of fortuitous is changing from "happening by chance" to "lucky chance" because people get it mixed up with fortunate. But watch out: If you say fortuitous to mean just plain lucky without the element of chance –– that's a usage error.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
fortunate / fortuitous
Get our your lucky rabbit's foot! Fortunate is lucky, but fortuitous means by chance or accident. Silly rabbit, these words aren't the same.
Fortunate means having good fortune that you're born with or win somehow. You're fortunate if you're rich, good looking, and in love. Here are some examples full of fortunes:
Let's say you are fortunate enough to have a good job and some savings. (Business Week)
More fortunate refugees have been taken in by local families. (Reuters)
Fortuitous traditionally refers to something that happens by accident or chance — either good or bad. It descends from the Latin forte, meaning "by chance." People often use fortuitous to mean lucky because they want to sound fancy, but you don't have to be one of them. Let's stumble upon these fortuitous examples:
Meetings with other individuals in the course of foraging, basking, or seeking shelter, are fortuitous and have no social significance. (John M. Legler)
There are also fortuitous street finds, like the Eames lounge chairs he discovered near their apartment in Greenwich Village. (New York Times)
Fortuitous has also been used to mean fortunate for so long that the meaning is morphing. Fortuitous is still separate from fortunate, though — it's closer to serendipity. The usage guru Bryan A. Garner notes that this usage of fortuitous is at stage 3 in his Language Change Index: "the form becomes commonplace even among many well-educated people but is still avoided in careful usage."
Don't thank that rabbit foot for your being so fortunate; after all, it wasn't so lucky for the rabbit. But if you're superstitious, it's fortuitous that you found it right before you bought that lottery ticket.
WORD FAMILY
fortuitous: fortuitously, fortuitousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
And this is why the timing of “Jammin’ on the One” was fortuitous.
Slate(Dec 18, 2016)
In one, rectilinear streets divided the frame, but some rooftops also appeared to form, in a fortuitous counterpoint, a spiral—Lagos, self-organizing.
The New Yorker(Dec 11, 2016)
It is fortuitous and fortunate that Zapruder did not stop on his way home to drop off his film at the local drugstore for developing.
Washington Post(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: adj. 偶然发生的，偶然的; 偶发
分布：偶然的(72%)，幸运的(28%)
→来自拉丁语fortuna, 运气，机会，词源同fortune.
偶然的(fortuitous→靠运气→没有必然性→偶然的)[furt=luck,表示"运气"]
【记】fortune（n 运气）－幸运的；偶然的
US [fɔ:r'tu:.ə.tˌəs] adjective formal
■(of something that is to your advantage) not planned, happening by chance （有利的事）偶然发生的，碰巧的
• The timing of the meeting is certainly fortuitous. 这显然是不期而遇。
• The collapse of its rivals brought fortuitous gains to the company. 竞争对手的倒闭给这间公司带来了意外的盈利。
adj. 偶然的；意外的
 - sudden, unexpected, occasional

Word: gavel
Front: gavel
[ˈgævl] (宝 19269/41947)
Vocabulary: gavel
(once / 8497 pages)
n
You know that wooden hammer a judge slams down on his desk when he's trying to bring order to the court? That's a gavel.
Judges aren't the only ones who use gavels. They are common in governments large and small, where they are used to bring order to the often unruly rooms where government happens. But they are also a sign of who's in charge. The practice of turning control from one party, or one person, to another, is done by "passing the gavel." It's a big deal when the outgoing Speaker of the House of Representatives turns over the gavel to the incoming Speaker. Sometimes it looks like the hand-off won't happen — a gavel being the ultimate sign of authority and power.
WORD FAMILY
gavel: gavels
USAGE EXAMPLES
At noon, the state House and Senate will gavel in, opening the 90-day session.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Nancy Pelosi will never hold the speaker’s gavel again, while fully 32 of the nation’s governors are Republican.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
House Republicans are gathering Wednesday afternoon to choose among four candidates seeking the speaker’s gavel.
Washington Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. （拍卖商、会议主席或法官用的）小木槌
分布：用木槌敲(100%)
→词源不详。可能来自旧时参加行业公会需上交一定数额的费用，主持人敲打小槌进行通报，词源同give. 后指拍卖商或法官用的小槌。
【记】gave给，l（从上到下的一下在空中画出的曲线）－敲小木槌
【参】drawl（v 做作而慢慢地说）拉的很长maul（vt 撕裂皮肉）猫mau的一抓l
noun countable
■a small hammer which an official in charge of a meeting hits against a wooden block or table to get people to be quiet and listen （会议主席用来保持肃静的）小木槌

Word: freebie
Front: freebie
[ˈfri:bi] (20957/27060 -1)
Vocabulary: freebie
(once / 43295 pages)
n
A gift or handout, something that doesn't cost money, is a freebie. Guests at fancy award shows usually get bags full of expensive freebies.
The informal word freebie means "something given free of charge," and it's an especially good term for marketing or promotional items that are handed out as advertising. Your local bank might pass out Frisbees with their address and phone number printed on them as freebies, for example. The word dates from about 1900, from free and the informal ending -ie, which is also used in newbie.
WORD FAMILY
freebie: freebies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Is it OK to send freebie Habitat for Humanity Christmas cards to your mom?
Wall Street Journal(Dec 01, 2016)
The presenter said she was not the only journalist who had been offered freebies by Mr Trump.
BBC(Nov 22, 2016)
Season after season, the superpowers reminded themselves that there were no freebies.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 18, 2016)
Back: n. <非正><尤美>免费赠品（礼物、膳食等）; 不劳而获的东西; 施与（接受）免费赠品者
分布：免费的东西(80%)，免费赠券(20%)
→来自free的口语，用于指赠品，免费品。
noun countable informal
■something which is given to you without you having to pay for it, especially as a way of attracting your support for or interest in something 免费品，赠品
• The company's marketing rep was giving out pens and mugs - the usual freebies. 该公司的销售代表在分发钢笔和杯子——都是些常见的赠品。
• The journalists were all given a freebie lunch. 记者们都享用了一顿免费午餐。
n. 免费的东西；免费赠品（尤指戏院赠券）
 - lagniappe

Word: fusty
Front: fusty
[ˈfʌsti] (宝 37995/43201)
Vocabulary: fusty
(once / 21648 pages)
adj
Use the adjective fusty to describe something that's covered with dust and smells a little old and musty. Your grandmother's attic is probably full of fusty knickknacks.
Fusty is perfect for describing anything from a slightly mildewed quilt at the back of your closet to your brother's camping gear, forgotten in the trunk of his car for months and smelling a little ripe. You can also use it to talk about an antique idea or attitude, like your uncle's fusty, outdated opinions on the roles of men and women. The Old French root of fusty is fusté, "tasting or smelling of the cask," from fuist, "wine cask."
WORD FAMILY
fusty: fustier, fustiest, fustily
USAGE EXAMPLES
Roll your sleeves to counteract the sweater’s fusty image.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 14, 2016)
One critic recently wrote, on a popular Spanish blog, that “Marías does what no one does better: turn politics into a fusty egotrip.”
The New Yorker(Dec 08, 2016)
Lowe has a fine-arts degree from the Ruskin School of Art, at Oxford University, but he is happy to stand apart from fusty academic conservationists.
The New Yorker(Nov 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 发霉的; 霉臭的; 守旧的; 古板的
分布：发霉的(60%)，陈腐的(29%)，旧式的(11%)
→来自古法语fuste, 瓶塞，酒塞，来自拉丁语fustis, 短棍，木棍，其原义为瓶塞味的。后来引申词义霉臭的，守旧的。比较corked.
【反】fresh（adj 新鲜的）
adjective disapproving
SMELL 气味
■not fresh and smelling unpleasant especially because of being left slightly wet 发霉的；有霉味的
• This room smells a bit fusty - I think I'll just open a window. 这个房间有些霉味——我觉得应该打开一扇窗户。
['fʌs.ti] adjective disapproving
OLD-FASHIONED 守旧的
■old-fashioned in ideas and beliefs 古板的；守旧的
• Rupert's father belongs to some fusty old gentleman's club in London where they don't allow women in. 鲁珀特的父亲是伦敦某个守旧的老年绅士俱乐部的会员，他们不允许女性加入。
adj. 发霉的；守旧的，老式的
 - moldy, musty

Word: getaway
Front: getaway
[ˈgetəweɪ] (10373/20833 -1)
Back: n. （尤指犯罪后的）逃跑; （比赛的）开始
分布：逃跑(47%)，逃走(36%)，短假(10%)，适合旅行的地方(7%)
/'getˌ-] informal
noun countable
■when someone leaves a place quickly, usually after committing a crime （通常指犯罪后）逃跑，逃走，逃离
• The two masked men made their getaway in a stolen van. 两个戴面具的人驾着一辆偷来的小型货车逃跑了。
• a getaway car （罪犯作案后）逃走用的汽车
⇒ See also get away at get
n. 起步；逃走
 - flight, first time step

Word: gazelle
Front: gazelle
[gəˈzel] (22494/24492)
Back: n. 瞪羚
分布：瞪羚(71%)，小羚羊(29%)
→来自阿拉伯语。
noun countable
■an African or Asian animal like a deer that moves quickly and lightly and has large eyes 瞪羚（产于非洲和亚洲）
n. [脊椎] 瞪羚；小羚羊
 - ariel, duiker

Word: immediacy
Front: immediacy
[ɪˈmi:diəsi] (13832/15249)
Vocabulary: immediacy
(once / 15552 pages)
1n 2n 3n
Use the noun immediacy to talk about the lighting-fast speed with which something happens. If you order pizza and see the delivery driver pull up in front of your house two minutes later, you'll be amazed at the immediacy of your pizza's arrival.
Something that's immediate, or instantaneous, has the quality of immediacy. Another way to use this noun is to mean "directly," or "firsthand." For example, when people first viewed live news reports on television, they probably marveled at the immediacy of watching something as it was happening, directly and without delay. Immediacy has been in use since about 1600, and it comes from the adjective immediate, with its Latin root of immediatus, "without anything in between."
WORD FAMILY
immediacy: immediacies+/ immediate: immediacy, immediately, immediateness
USAGE EXAMPLES
"It's more about the immediacy… what's happening in their lives right now," says Dr Sian Thomas.
BBC(Dec 12, 2016)
Instead of reacting to a loss in its immediacy, they’ve developed an appreciation for the steady hand a season requires.
Seattle Times(Dec 11, 2016)
A black-and-white volume that captures the essence of The New York Times obituary: superbly researched pieces of history that retain the immediacy of it-just-happened.
Seattle Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 直接（性）; 即时（性）; <哲>直觉性; 迫切需要的事物
分布：直接(53%)，即时性(32%)，立即(10%)，迫切性(5%)
→来自immediate,立即的，紧迫的。
noun uncountable
■when something seems real and important, so that you feel involved with it 即时性；直接性
• Pre-recorded TV programmes have so much less immediacy and warmth than live theatre. 事先录制的电视节目比实况转播少了很多的即时性和亲切感。
n. 直接；目前
 - now, directness

Word: impregnate
Front: impregnate
[ˈɪmpregneɪt] (19171/19783)
Vocabulary: impregnate
(once / 1076 pages)
1v 2v
Use the verb impregnate to describe what happens when a male of any animal species makes a female pregnant. Human fathers impregnate mothers — otherwise, they would not become fathers.
When dog breeders mate two German shepherds, they hope that the male will impregnate the female, or make her pregnant. When your cat has kittens, it's because the neighbor's cat impregnated her several months earlier. The Latin root, impraegnare, comes from in, "into," and praegnare, "pregnant."
WORD FAMILY
impregnate: impregnable, impregnated, impregnates, impregnating, impregnation+/impregnability: impregnabilities/ impregnable: impregnability, impregnably/impregnation: impregnations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Out of curiosity they devised an experiment using a surface texture impregnated with oil.
Economist(Dec 01, 2016)
If the stars could be impregnated with other drugs, then things now requiring daily or more frequent doses might be delivered on a one-horse-pill-per-fortnight basis.
Economist(Nov 16, 2016)
Her grandfather, a doctor in Kentucky, was the descendant of a slave impregnated by her master.
New York Times(Nov 13, 2016)
Back: vt. 灌注，使饱和; 使怀孕
时态：impregnated, impregnating, impregnates
分布：使怀孕(33%)，怀孕的(26%)，使饱和(17%)，充满的(11%)，注入(8%)，使充满(5%)
→im-,进入，使，pregnant,怀孕的，孕育的，词源同gene.引申词义繁殖，使充满，使遍布。
US [-'--] verb transitive
ABSORB 使吸收 formal
■to cause something, usually a solid substance, to absorb something, usually a liquid 使（固体）吸收（液体）；浸渍
• This cloth has been impregnated with special chemicals for cleaning computer screens. 这种布已用清洁电脑萤幕用的特殊化学物质浸渍过。
UK ['ɪm.preg.neɪt] US [-'--] verb transitive
MAKE PREGNANT 使怀孕 specialized
■to make a woman or female animal pregnant 使怀孕；使受孕
vt. [生理] 使怀孕；灌输；浸透
 - imbue, indoctrinate
adj. 充满的； [生理] 怀孕的
 - pregnant, full, consumed

Word: holler
Front: holler
[ˈhɒlə(r)] (10165/23001 -1)
Vocabulary: holler
(once / 2070 pages)
1vn 2n
When you holler, you yell a little too loudly and abruptly. A kid stuck in a tree might holler for help until someone shows up to help him climb down.
Holler is an informal verb, useful for those times you call out or shout. Your teacher might holler at the class if she gets angry enough, and you might holler at your sister to get out of your room at least once a day. A holler can also be a dip or depression in the land, a hollow. The word dates from the 17th century, a colloquial form of hollo, a variation on hello.
WORD FAMILY
holler: hollered, hollering, hollers+/hollering: hollerings
USAGE EXAMPLES
“That means stop,” the kids hollered back in unison before falling silent and waiting for Bennett’s instructions.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
I deserved to be yelled at, but the man I barged in front of was kind enough not to holler at me.
Seattle Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Strick enters the Scottish, they stay in a castle, and there's a cook and all this stuff, and they're hooting and hollering.
Golf Digest(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 呼叫，呼救; 〈美〉盗贼受害人的控诉; （美国黑人随口哼的）劳动号子
vi. 发牢骚; 叫喊; 诉苦，抱怨
vt. 大声叫喊
时态：hollered, hollering, hollers
分布：叫喊(50%)，发牢骚(40%)，怨言(10%)
→来自hello拼写变体，引申词义叫喊。
US ['hɑ:.lɚ] mainly US informal
verb intransitive or transitive
■to shout loudly 大声叫喊
• He was hollering something about seeing a snake. 他在叫喊他看到了一条蛇。
vi. 发牢骚；叫喊；抱怨
 - whine about, pinge
n. 叫喊
 - cry

Word: hoof
Front: hoof
[hu:f] (宝 10091/10275 -1)
Vocabulary: hoof
(once / 517 pages)
nv
A foot is to a human what a hoof is to a horse, a goat, or a giraffe. Each hoof protects the animal and helps it to walk and run.
A hoof is made of keratin, just like your fingernails, but it tends to be thicker and harder since it has to bear the weight of the animal. Hoof can also be a verb that, surprisingly enough, applies to humans. Maybe you have offered someone a ride, only to be told, "No, I think I'll just hoof it," meaning walk or otherwise go on foot. Hoof is sometimes substituted for dance if the person doing it is getting paid.
WORD FAMILY
hoof: hoofed, hoofer, hoofing, hooflike, hoofs, hooves+/hoofer: hoofers/hoofing: hoofings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The mulefoot is named for its non-cloven hoof, and was the subject of a vibrant industry including some 200 herds a century ago.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The “s” struggling to hang on at the end of “Happy Holidays” fell, exhausted, and was trampled beneath thousands of tiny, pawing, prancing reindeer hooves.
Washington Post(Dec 12, 2016)
The endangered mammal is one the smallest hoofed animals in the world and was born at Chester Zoo.
BBC(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. （兽的）蹄，马蹄; 〈俚〉（人的）脚; 有蹄类动物
v. 走，步行; 以蹄踢（踏）
时态：hoofed, hoofing, hoofs
分布：蹄(94%)，以蹄踢(3%)，行走(3%)
→来自古英语hof,蹄，来自kop,击，打，砍，词源同hatchet.
【记】读：胡夫－睡在金字塔里的哥们儿，原来是暴君经常踢人。
【区】hood（n 帽兜）；hook（n 钩；吊钩）
noun countable (plural hooves or hoofs)
■the hard part on the bottom of the feet of animals such as horses, sheep and deer （马、羊、鹿等动物的）蹄 Compare paw
[hu:f] noun countable (plural hooves or hoofs)
on the hoof UK informal
■If you do something on the hoof, you do it while you are moving about or doing something else, often without giving it the attention it deserves 顺便；草草地
• I've got a meeting downtown in 20 minutes so I'll have lunch on the hoof. 20分钟后我在市中心还有个会议，所以只好在路上顺便吃午饭了。
[hu:f] verb transitive informal
■to kick a ball 踢（球）
• The defender hoofed the ball up the field. 防守队员把球踢向前场。
[hu:f] verb transitive informal
hoof it informal
■to walk somewhere, or to walk somewhere quickly 步行；快速行走
• We missed the bus and had to hoof it. 我们错过了公共汽车，所以只好步行。
vi. 步行；踢；跳舞
 - foot, pad
vt. 用蹄踢；步行
 - travel along, to walk
n. [脊椎] 蹄；人的脚
 - ungula

Word: hedgehog
Front: hedgehog
[ˈhedʒhɒg] (宝 22598/10435 -1)
Back: n. 刺猬，〈美〉豪猪; 容易发怒的人，难对付的人; [军]刺猬弹; [植]野毛茛
分布：刺猬(100%)
→hedge,树篱，hog,猪。比喻用法。
【记】hedge（n 树篱），hog（n 肥公猪）：身上长着篱笆的猪－刺猬
US [-hɑ:g] noun countable
■a small brown mammal with a protective covering of spines on its back 刺猬

Word: imperium
Front: imperium
[ɪm'pɪərɪəm] (33811/29697)
Back: n. 绝对权，主权统治权
分布：最高权力(44%)，绝对统治(35%)，帝国(21%)
n. 统治权，主权；绝对权
 - sovereignty, dominion

Word: juxtaposition
Front: juxtaposition
[ˌdʒʌkstəpə'zɪʃn] (托 12364/15454)
Vocabulary: juxtaposition
(once / 5383 pages)
n
If a waiter served you a whole fish and a scoop of chocolate ice cream on the same plate, your surprise might be caused by the juxtaposition, or the side-by-side contrast, of the two foods.
Any time unlike things bump up against each other, you can describe it as a juxtaposition. Imagine a funeral mourner telling jokes graveside, and you get the idea — the juxtaposition in this case is between grief and humor. Juxtaposition of two contrasting items is often done deliberately in writing, music, or art — in order to highlight their differences.
WORD FAMILY
juxtaposition: juxtapositions+/ juxtapose: juxtaposed, juxtaposes, juxtaposing, juxtaposition
USAGE EXAMPLES
There’s a logic to the Virginia painters’ show at the Athenaeum, even if their methods allow wild juxtapositions and improvisational gestures.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Sometimes the skill is in the technique, sometimes in the juxtaposition of flavors, often in a combination of both — plus inspiration, even accident.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
In this image, the juxtaposition with the youngster on his bright red bike creates a bizarre yet compelling tableau.
BBC(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 并置; 并列; 毗邻
分布：并置(71%)，并排(29%)
N-VAR
（形成反差的物体、形象或想法的）并置，并列
The juxtaposition of two contrasting objects, images, or ideas is the fact that they are placed together or described together, so that the differences between them are emphasized.
例：This juxtaposition of brutal reality and lyrical beauty runs through Park's stories.这种残忍的现实和浪漫美好事物的并存始终贯穿于帕克的短篇小说中。
n. 并置，并列；毗邻
 - apposition, parataxis

Word: krone
Front: krone
[ˈkrəʊnə] (-/45260)
Back: n. 克朗（丹麦、挪威的货币单位），德国旧金币
级别：kroner, kronest
分布：复数为kroner.(100%)
→来自crone拼写变体，因钱币上印有王冠标志而得名。
US ['kroʊ-] noun countable
■the standard unit of money used in Denmark and Norway 克朗（丹麦和挪威货币单位）
n. 克朗（丹麦，挪威的货币单位）；德国旧金币
 - SEK, koruna

Word: math
Front: math
[mæθ] (中 2983/36820 -1)
Vocabulary: math
(once / 1803 pages)
n
Math is the science of numbers. You may start out learning addition and subtraction in math, and then end up years later tackling multivariable implicit differentiation problems. Say what?!
Math is the common, shortened form of mathematics, which comes from the Greek mathematike tekhne, "mathematical science," from the root mathema, "knowledge or science." Math is one of the basic subjects that are covered in nearly every school, from basic addition to calculus. If someone says, "Do the math," they usually mean, "Just think about it — it's so obvious."
WORD FAMILY
math: maths
USAGE EXAMPLES
Through the Learning Fund, student tutors offer help with a variety of middle and high school subjects, including foreign language, math, English and other topics.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“We use the farm to teach chemistry, math, biology,” she explained to me one morning between classes.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
He is a math teacher at the high school.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 数学（等于mathematics）
分布：数学(100%)
→缩写自mathematics.
N-UNCOUNT
同 mathematics
Math is the same as mathematics .
例：He studied math in college.他上大学时专业是数学。
n. 数学（等于mathematics）
 - arith

Word: malice
Front: malice
[ˈmælɪs] (六托雅宝 13560/11521 -1)
Vocabulary: malice
(once / 307 pages)
n
Malice is the intention to cause harm. If someone feels malice toward you, look out! They've got bad intentions.
Just like the Spanish mal, this is a word for badness or evil. Malice isn't just any evil, though: it's evil done intentionally by someone seeking to do harm. People feel malice for people they hate. Malice is even stronger than spite. Out of all the emotions and thoughts you can have, malice is one of the most dangerous. Just about every villain in every movie and TV show is full of malice.
WORD FAMILY
malice: malices, malicious +/ malicious: maliciousest, maliciously, maliciousness, unmalicious
USAGE EXAMPLES
With Lincoln, who, in his second Inaugural Address, promised a government that ruled “with malice toward none, with charity toward all.”
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Even if the Passions lack malice toward Jews, they treat them more as metaphors than as human beings.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Wayne County Prosecutor Kym Worthy charged Aavaire Johnson on Thursday with manslaughter, aiming without malice, careless discharge of a weapon and felony firearm.
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 恶意，恶感; 怨恨; [法]预谋; 祸心
分布：恶意(72%)，怨恨(21%)，蓄意(7%)
→来自拉丁语malus,邪恶的，恶毒的，-ice,名词后缀。
恶意(mal坏+ice)[-ice表名词"行为,状态"]
noun uncountable
■the wish to harm or upset other people 恶意，害人之心
• There certainly wasn't any malice in her comments. 她的话绝对没有任何恶意。
• formal I bear him no malice (= do not want to harm or upset him). 我对他没有恶意。
with malice aforethought legal
■To illegally harm someone with malice aforethought is to have thought about it and planned it before acting. 蓄意犯罪；蓄意伤人
n. 恶意；怨恨；预谋
 - spite, malevolence

Word: manicure
Front: manicure
[ˈmænɪkjʊə(r)] (16247/34443 -1)
Vocabulary: manicure
(once / 6241 pages)
nv
When you get a manicure, your fingernails get filed and shaped and possibly painted red. You might get a manicure at a spa or salon as a way to pamper yourself.
You can pay a professional to give you a manicure, or you can do a manicure at home with a nail file and a bottle of nail polish. Some people get manicures for fun and relaxation, while others don't feel well dressed without the perfect nails that a manicure provides. In French the word manicure means "care of the hands," and it comes from the Latin word for "hand," manus.
WORD FAMILY
manicure: manicured, manicures, manicuring, manicurist+/manicurist: manicurists
USAGE EXAMPLES
My left hand dictates the steering wheel, while my right hand is clasped to Becca’s manicured fingers.
Salon(Dec 28, 2016)
Manicures or hair blowouts—at least a month’s worth—from their favorite salons.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 14, 2016)
And they get to let their manicures and pedicures dry on a patio while enjoying an aloe-based punch spiced with turmeric.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. 修指甲
vt. 修剪…的指甲; 修剪，修平
时态：manicured, manicuring, manicures
分布：修指甲(67%)，修剪(29%)，修指甲的人(4%)
→mani-,手，词源同manual,cure,处理，护理，治疗。引申词义指甲护理。
US [-kjʊr] noun countable or uncountable
■(a) treatment for the hands which involves softening the skin and making the nails look better by cutting, smoothing and possibly painting them 修指甲；指甲护理 Compare pedicure
vt. 修剪
 - shear, crop, trim off

Word: messina

Word: mana
Front: mana
['mɑ:nɑ:] (-/43511)
Back: n. 超自然力量，威望
分布：威望(50%)，超自然力量(50%)
n. 神力，超自然力量；威望
 - prestige, theurgy

Word: nameless
Front: nameless
[ˈneɪmləs] (14229/15339)
Vocabulary: nameless
(once / 1285 pages)
adj
Someone or something that has no name is nameless. You can also describe someone as nameless when you choose not to identify them or reveal their name publicly.
A nameless source for a newspaper article is anonymous — in other words, they have a name but it's being kept private. When you're talking about someone whose identity you won't reveal, you can refer to them as "someone who shall remain nameless." A nameless fear, on the other hand, is one that's so scary it can't be captured in words or given a name.
WORD FAMILY
nameless: namelessly, namelessness+/forename: forenames/misname: misnamed, misnames, misnaming/ name: forename, misname, named, nameless, namer, names, naming, rename, unnameable/named: unnamed/namer: namers/names: nameses, namess/naming: namings/rename: renamed, renames, renaming/unnameable: unnameably
USAGE EXAMPLES
This is supposed to remove nameless “impurities” from the soup, much as twisting in yoga positions is supposed to wring out “toxins.”
New York Times(Nov 29, 2016)
It is the gift of “The Red Turtle” to simply unfold as it’s experienced by its nameless protagonist.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 17, 2016)
Considering a nameless way of living, of almost unimagined values.
The Guardian(Nov 10, 2016)
Back: adj. 不知名的; 无名的; <文>不可名状的; （因听者知道你所指或不想令某人难堪）不会指名道姓
分布：无名的(56%)，不可名状的(23%)，匿名的(21%)
→name,名字，-less,无。
adjective
■having no name, or having a name that is not known 无名的；不知名的
• a nameless soldier 无名战士
• the nameless author of a medieval text 中世纪文本的佚名作者
['neɪm.ləs] adjective
who shall remain nameless humorous
■used when you are telling people about a bad thing that someone else has done （说起某人做的坏事时）不便说出其名的
• One boy, who shall remain nameless, has been late every day this week. 有一个男孩本周每天都迟到，这里就不说他的名字了。
adj. 不可名状的，难以形容的；匿名的
 - anonymous, indescribable

Word: misaligned
Front: misaligned
[ˌmɪsəˈlaɪnd] (38968/-)
Back: adj. 线向不正的; 方向偏离的; 不重合的; 未对准的
分布：线向不正的(25%)，不重合的(25%)，方向偏离的(25%)，未对准的(25%)
→mis-,坏的，错的，不好的，align,调整，对准。

Word: pallet
Front: pallet
[ˈpælət] (14299/16292)
Vocabulary: pallet
(once / 3091 pages)
1n 2n 3n 4n
Pallet is a busy noun, but it’s mainly a slab or framework of wood used for carrying things. The most common type of pallet is the kind used to move cargo.
After the earthquake in Haiti, hundreds of pallets of food, medicine, and bottles of fresh water were delivered to Port-au-Prince by air. Many pallets are designed with slots at the bottom to accept a forklift's forks. If you're a talented carpenter, you might be able to turn the wood from a used pallet into a table, a chest of drawers, a tree house, or perhaps a little bed to lie down on after all that hard work.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
palate / palette / pallet
Time for a pop quiz! Choose your words...
When they get back, they should try to incorporate some of that raw beauty into the Rockies' color palate/palette/pallet.
The students gather palates/palettes/pallets during the week and stockpile them for sledding.
Reports are that the company will search out favorite regional foods to pepper the palate/palette/pallet for fans in Baltimore.
The first sentence refers to the range of colors the Rocky Mountains offer. The correct choice is palette. It can also refer to the board an artist uses to mix paints or the range of tone in music:
A dark chocolate in the shape of an artist's palette, with a relief of paint brushes and paints, is filled with a liquor-flavored butter cream.
Engineer and producer Butler brings a rich palette of sounds and styles, often trading in unabashed synth-based tracks.
The second sentence refers to a platform used for moving things: a pallet. The term can also mean a straw mattress or a small bed:
Paper-based honeycomb pallets extend branding surface on displays
They would be cutting demos and doing sessions until one in the morning, so I'd make a little pallet on the couch and crash and stay there all week.
Our final sentence describes Baltimoreans' preference of flavors in food, their palate. Palate can also mean the roof of one's mouth or the taste of something, such as wine:
They had assumed the receptors would be restricted to the tongue, soft palate, upper oesophagus and epiglottis.
The palate has plum, smoke, a surprising taste of apricot, but it is all wrapped in burnt rubber.
WORD FAMILY
pallet: pallets
USAGE EXAMPLES
Government officers race around wooden pallets piled high with boxes — counting, weighing, scanning and approving shipments.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
There are also other kinds of automata, such as arms that carry pallets.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Flames tore through a Sherman Oaks pallet yard on Tuesday evening, threatening nearby businesses.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 托盘; 平台; 运货板; 草垫子
分布：托盘(97%)，简陋的小床(3%)
→来自拉丁语pala,铲，铁锹，可能缩写自patella,小盘子，来自patina的小词形式，词源同pan,patella,paddle.-et,小词后缀。引申词义托盘。pallet 草垫子
noun countable
■a flat wooden structure onto which heavy goods are put so that they can be moved using a fork-lift truck (= a small vehicle with two strong bars of metal on the front which is used for lifting heavy goods) （堆高机装卸或搬运货物用的）托盘，货板，集装架
n. 托盘， [交] 货板；简陋小床；调色板
 - plateau, salver

Word: pang
Front: pang
[pæŋ] (宝 14395/12693 -1)
Vocabulary: pang
(once / 576 pages)
n
A pang is a sharp jab or an intense hurt that comes on suddenly. If you've felt an all-of-a-sudden, deep sadness that seems to hit you even in the back of the eyes, you've probably had a pang of emotion over a loss or a tragic story.
You can feel a physical pain or pang right when you get hurt, or you might suffer a pang of guilt that keeps popping up if you don't own up to something bad. Pang sounds close to pain, and it is pain, but it has a sharper edge — it's intense and comes on fast. A childbirth pain often is called a pang, because it's such a unique type of hurting. Having a pang of regret can be almost as sharp.
WORD FAMILY
pang: pangs
USAGE EXAMPLES
If work is our national religion, Pang is the philosopher reintegrating our bifurcated selves.
New York Times(Dec 12, 2016)
When I was still addicted but not using, I always felt a pang of doom impossible to relieve.
Slate(Nov 30, 2016)
As he poses for photographs with his Little Leaguers on the South Side, he listens to their conversations and feels a pang for his sport.
New York Times(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: n. （肉体上）剧痛; （精神上）一阵极度的痛苦; 苦闷
vt. 使剧痛; 折磨
分布：苦闷(53%)，使剧痛(47%)
→可能改编自prong,叉子。引申词义剧痛。
【记】枪pang的一声打在你的大腿上－一阵剧痛
noun countable
■a sudden sharp feeling, especially of painful emotion 一阵剧痛；（尤指）悲痛
• a pang of jealousy 一阵嫉妒
• We hadn't eaten since yesterday and the hunger pangs were getting harder to ignore. 我们从昨天起一直没有吃东西，饥饿引起的阵阵胃痛越来越难以忍受了。
n. （肉体上）剧痛；苦闷；（精神上）一阵极度的痛苦
 - megalgia, violent pain
vt. 使剧痛；折磨
 - harry, worry, trouble, tear

Word: olfactory
Front: olfactory
[ɒlˈfæktəri] (托宝 20247/27000)
Vocabulary: olfactory
(once / 9949 pages)
adj
Something olfactory has to do with the sense of smell. The odor from that factory is a symphony of olfactory delights. Not.
Though we typically think of dogs as the olfactory champions of the world, what with their remarkable ability to sniff out practically anything, the true title belongs to the polar bear. Healthy, adult polar bears possess olfactory gifts that boggle the mind: they can smell a seal under the ice from over a kilometer away. One way to try to remember the meaning of the word olfactory is to think of factory. Your nose is the "factory" where odors are processed. What visual is to the eyes, olfactory is to the nose.
WORD FAMILY
olfactory
USAGE EXAMPLES
A lack of even basic sanitation adds to the olfactory onslaught.
BBC(Dec 10, 2016)
Researchers discovered that when you breathe in, you’re stimulating neurons in the olfactory cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus, all across the limbic system.
Time(Dec 08, 2016)
The main inconvenience that Mr. Buchanan, 41, has experienced since starting the business is an olfactory one.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 嗅觉的
n. 嗅觉，嗅觉器官，鼻
分布：嗅觉的(100%)
→来自拉丁语olere,闻，嗅，散发气味，词源同odor.-fact,做，使，词源同fact,effect.即闻到气味的，有嗅觉的。字母d,l音变，比较tongue,language.
嗅觉的(olfact闻,嗅＋ory;参考:olfction嗅觉)[-ory 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词,指场所等]
嗅觉的[olfact=scent(味)]
【记】ol＝oil，factory：油场会发出气味－嗅觉的
【参】ointment（n 油膏；润肤用品）oint＝oiloligarchy（n 寡头政治）oli＝oil，arch统治－石油业是少数人的统治
US [ɑ:l'fæk.ter.i] specialized
adjective [before noun]
■connected with the ability to smell 嗅觉的
• the olfactory nerve 嗅觉神经
n. 嗅觉器官
 - osphradium

Word: ovarian
Front: ovarian
[əʊ'veərɪən] (14375/34856 -1)
Back: adj. 卵巢的; 子房的
分布：卵巢的(100%)
US [oʊ'ver.i-] adjective
■of or relating to the ovaries or an ovary 卵巢的；与卵巢有关的
• ovarian cancer 卵巢癌
• an ovarian cyst 卵巢囊肿

Word: paraffin
Front: paraffin
[ˈpærəfɪn] (24580/12227)
Back: n. 硬石蜡; 石蜡
vt. 用石蜡处理; 涂石蜡于…
分布：石蜡(100%)
→来自拉丁语parum,一点点，不多，来自pau,少的，词源同few,poor.-affin,相似，词源同affinity,finite.来自该物质发明者19世纪德国化学家Karl von Reichenbach根据拉丁语创造出来的一个词，因石蜡与蜂蜡有一点相似而得名，后也用于指煤油。
US ['per-] noun uncountable
LIQUID 液体 UK (US kerosene)
■a clear liquid with a strong smell made from coal or petroleum and used as a fuel, especially in heaters and lights 煤油
UK ['pær.ə.fɪn] US ['per-] noun uncountable
WAX 蜡 (also paraffin wax)
■a white wax made from petroleum or coal, used especially to make candles 石蜡
n. [材] 石蜡； [有化] 链烷烃；硬石蜡
 - moldovite, petroleum wax

Word: pastel
Front: pastel
[ˈpæstl] (托宝 7966/13146 -1)
Vocabulary: pastel
(once / 7247 pages)
nadj
A pastel is a soft, pale color. If your favorite shades are light blue and pale pink, you can say that you prefer pastels.
Pastel is also an adjective describing a soft color, like a pastel shade of green or a pastel lavender dress. Another kind of pastel is the artist's crayon made of powdered pigments bound together in a solid stick, which produce soft, blended colors. Starting in the late 1800s, pastel was used to mean "soft shade" as well as "soft art medium." In French, pastel means "crayon."
WORD FAMILY
pastel: pastel-colored, pastelly, pastels
USAGE EXAMPLES
The city’s streets are endlessly entertaining: pastel facades, open windows revealing domestic scenes, and almost no cars.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Many of the island's 60,000 residents live in limestone cottages painted in pastel colours of a design familiar from British towns or villages.
BBC(Dec 22, 2016)
Perched on a cliff overlooking the Pacific, the pastel pink Los Flamingos is one of Acapulco’s oldest and best-known establishments.
The Guardian(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 彩色粉笔，粉蜡笔; 彩色粉笔画，蜡笔画; 轻淡柔和的色彩
adj. 彩色粉笔画的; 蜡笔画的; （色彩）淡的，柔和的
分布：彩色粉笔画(30%)，蜡笔画(24%)，彩色粉笔(22%)，清淡柔和的(18%)，粉蜡(6%)
→来自paste,面团，-el,小词后缀。即小面团，后用于指揉成面团的颜料，彩色粉笔，蜡笔。
【记】paste（n 浆糊），l－用l捣成糊状物制成粉笔－彩色粉笔画
【参】toothpaste（n 牙膏）；pastiche（n 集成曲）
US [pæs'tel] noun
MATERIAL 材料
countable or uncountable
■a colouring material which can be powdery or slightly shiny and is usually in the shape of a small stick, or a picture made by using this 彩色蜡笔；彩色粉笔
• Do you like working with pastels/in pastel? 你喜欢用彩色蜡笔画画吗？
• The show includes eighty-five paintings, pastels and sculptures. 此次展出包括85件油画、蜡笔画和雕塑作品。
UK ['pæs.təl] US [pæs'tel] noun
COLOUR 颜色
countable
■a colour that is pale and soft 淡而柔和的色彩
UK ['pæs.təl] US [pæs'tel] adjective [before noun]
■having a pale soft colour 浅淡色的，颜色柔和的
• Their house is decorated in pastel shades. 他们房子的装饰色调轻柔淡雅。
adj. 柔和的；彩色蜡笔的，粉蜡笔的
 - female, delicate

Word: permutation
Front: permutation
[ˌpɜ:mjuˈteɪʃn] (20172/18648)
Vocabulary: permutation
(once / 18643 pages)
n
A permutation is a change or variation, like the many possible permutations of hair color you get when you start experimenting with different dyes.
Permutation is made of the prefix per for "thoroughly" and mutation, which means “change.” A permutation is a thorough change of something, like a substitution. Asking a waiter to give you sweet potato fries instead of regular fries is a permutation. Switching hats with a friend is a permutation. If you switch hats with five of your friends, you'll have many fashion permutations to choose from. Permutations are also like replacements or switches.
WORD FAMILY
permutation: permutations+/permutable: permutability, permutableness, permutably/permute: permutable, permutation, permuted
USAGE EXAMPLES
Permutations and models are reliable, however, only when projections capture the uncertainty of both the underlying data and the model itself.
Nature(Nov 29, 2016)
Three new books have arrived, ideal for those still intrigued by the Cold War in all its permutations.
Washington Times(Nov 27, 2016)
Just to make it easy, here’s a handy breakdown of all the permutations.
The Guardian(Nov 18, 2016)
Back: n. （一组事物可能的一种）序列，排列，排列中的任一组数字或文字
分布：排列(73%)，交换(27%)
→per-,完全的，-mut,改变，词源同mutual,mutable.用于数学名词置换，排列组合。
改变;互换(permute+ation)[mut=change,表示"改变"]
【记】per全部，mut改变，ation－全部改变－彻底改变
US [ˌpɝ:.mju:-] noun
countable usually plural formal
■any of the various ways in which a set of things can be ordered （数学的）排列，置换，组合
• There are 120 permutations of the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5: for example, 1, 3, 2, 4, 5 or 5, 1, 4, 2, 3. 数字1、2、3、4、5有120种组合方式，如1、3、2、4、5和5、1、4、2、3。
• He made six separate applications for a total of 39 000 shares, using permutations of his surname and Christian names. 他利用自己的姓氏和教名的不同组合方式，分别申购了六次股票，总数达三万九千股。
countable
■one of several different forms （几种中的）一种组合方式
• The company has had five different names in its various permutations over the last few years. 在过去几年里，该公司用不同组合方式使用过五个不同的名字。
n. [数] 排列；置换
 - array, ranging

Word: pinto
Front: pinto
[ˈpɪntəʊ] (20827/36856)
Back: n. 有花斑的马，有黑白斑的马
adj. 斑驳的，杂色的
分布：黑白斑纹的(51%)，杂色的(37%)，有黑白斑的马(12%)
→来自拉丁语pictus,描绘的，标记的，来自pingere,描绘，标记，词源同picture,pigment.引申词义有黑白斑纹的。
adj. 杂色的；黑白斑纹的
 - shot, varied

Word: piffling
Front: piffling
[ˈpɪflɪŋ] None
Back: adj. 琐碎的，不足道的
v. 做无聊事，讲废话( piffle的现在分词 )
分布：琐碎的(58%)，不足道的(34%)，动词piffle的现在分词形式.(8%)
/'pɪf.lɪŋ] informal
adjective
■extremely small or not important 微不足道的；微小的
• piffling details 鸡毛蒜皮的细节
• a piffling amount 不足挂齿的数目
adj. 琐碎的；不足道的
 - petty, trivial

Word: personable
Front: personable
[ˈpɜ:sənəbl] (宝 19125/24236)
Vocabulary: personable
(once / 12024 pages)
adj
If you're personable, you're friendly and get along well with other people. Being personable is part of what makes you the star of the sales team — people just seem to like you.
Someone who's personable can be outgoing, charming, nice, bubbly, amiable, pleasing, or generous, but he doesn’t have to be all of those things — it just all needs to add up to being pleasant. You may be pleasant but not bubbly, and that’s personable. In fact, if you're too bubbly, you might stop being personable and become annoying, which is not personable.
WORD FAMILY
personable: personableness, personabler, personably+/depersonalise: depersonalisation, depersonalising/depersonalize: depersonalization, depersonalized, depersonalizing/ impersonal: impersonally/ interpersonal: interpersonally/nonperson: nonpersons/ person: foreperson, nonperson, personable, personal, personhood, personify, persons, unperson/ personal: impersonal, interpersonal, nonpersonal, personalise, personality, personalize, personally, personals/personalise: depersonalise, personalised, personalising/ personality: personalities/personalize: depersonalize, personalized, personalizes, personalizing/ personification: personifications/ personify: personification, personified, personifies, personifying/unperson: unpersons
USAGE EXAMPLES
“The thing about Donald is that he’s a very personable guy,” Greene said.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
He always envied Josh McCown, his former Carolina Panthers teammate, and how naturally personable he was.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Are you a curious, problem-solver, who is also proactive, efficient, creative, personable, and resourceful?
Slate(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: adj. 英俊的，风度好的
分布：风度翩翩的(100%)
→来自person,人，-able,形容词后缀。字面意思即像个人的，后词义褒义化，可能是相比野兽而言。比较personnel.
【记】长得像person的－气宇不凡的
【参】personage（n 要人；名流）；personification（n 化身；典范）；personnel（n 全体人员）
【反】unattractive（adj 不引人注意的）
US ['pɝ:-] formal
adjective
■having a pleasant appearance and character 讨人喜欢的；有魅力的；品貌兼优的
• She is intelligent, hard-working and personable. 她聪明、勤奋，很讨人喜欢。

Word: permanence
Front: permanence
[ˈpɜ:mənəns] (宝 15791/14823)
Vocabulary: permanence
(once / 2804 pages)
n
Permanence is when something sticks around forever, like your mother's love or the smell of smoke after you accidentally start a fire in your kitchen.
Something can give the impression of permanence, even if it isn't literally infinite, like a massive stone castle or a pesky neighbor who always seems to be hanging around. The noun permanence comes from permanent, which in Latin means "remaining to the end," from the roots per, "through," and manere, "remain or stay."
WORD FAMILY
permanence: permanences+/impermanence: impermanences/impermanency: impermanencies/ impermanent: impermanence, impermanency, impermanently/permanency: permanencies/ permanent: impermanent, lastingly, permanence, permanency, permanently, permanents, semipermanent/semipermanent: semipermanently
USAGE EXAMPLES
Tattoo artists inject the ink with a needle below the skin, deep into the dermis, in the interest of permanence.
Washington Times(Dec 06, 2016)
To overturn that presumption of permanence and continuity, any future group petitioning the university for renaming will need to address four principles.
Slate(Dec 02, 2016)
Solid, custom furnishings by Wearstler ground the interior, creating an impression of permanence.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: n. 永久，持久
分布：持久(56%)，永久(44%)
→来自permanent,永久的。
永恒,持久[man,main=stay,表示"逗留"]
【记】per所有，man＝maintain（v 保持）－保持所有的状态－永久
【反】transience（n 短暂）
US ['pɝ:-] (formal permanency)
noun uncountable
■staying the same or continuing for a long time 持久（性）；永久（性），永恒（性）
• A loving family environment gives children that sense of stability and permanence which they need. 充满爱的家庭环境会为孩子带来他们所需的稳定感和安定感。
Opposite impermanence
n. 持久；永久
 - perennity, endurance

Word: rafter
Front: rafter
[ˈrɑ:ftə(r)] (宝 10571/15337 -1)
Back: n. 椽; 筏夫
vt. 装椽于
时态：raftered, raftering, rafters
分布：椽(75%)，屋梁(25%)
【记】源于：raft（n 木筏），er，感觉和rafter一样。
US ['ræf.tɚ] noun countable
■any of the large sloping pieces of wood which support a roof 椽子
n. [建] 椽；筏夫（等于raftsman）
 - viga

Word: prep
Front: prep
[prep] (18347/22956 -1)
Back: vi. 进入预备学校; 预备，准备
vt. 使预备好
n. 预备学校; 准备; 预备功课，家庭作业; 大学预科生
adj. 预备的
分布：准备(56%)，预备(29%)，预备学校(13%)，进预备学校(2%)
→缩写自preparatory school.
noun
SCHOOL WORK 功课
uncountable UK
■school work that students, especially students at private school and public school , do at home or not during school time （尤指公私立学校的）功课
• Have you got much prep tonight? 你今天晚上作业多吗？
[prep] noun
GRAMMAR 文法 abbreviation for
■ preposition
n. 预备；预习；准备功课
 - en garde, proposal for sth
vt. 使准备好；使（病人）准备接受手术
 - ready, prime

Word: recurrence
Front: recurrence
[rɪˈkʌrəns] (研六 10768/8233 -1)
Vocabulary: recurrence
(once / 2206 pages)
n
If something is happening yet again, there's a recurrence of it. Most sports fans hope there isn't a recurrence of last year's losing season.
If you keep getting a hacking cough, then you're having a recurrence — that cough just keeps coming back. The word recurrence has to do with things that repeat or return, often at predictable times. If your dog barks at the same time every day, your neighbors might complain about the recurrence of noise. A note on using this word: reoccurrence means basically the same thing, but recurrence is considered a more stylish choice.
WORD FAMILY
recurrence: recurrences+/ recur: recured, recurred, recurrence, recurrent, recurring, recurs/ recurrent: recurrently/ recurring: recurringly
USAGE EXAMPLES
But more than empathy, the women say they need to see their politicians pursue real changes that will prevent a recurrence.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Indeed, the ultimate goal of organizing is to remedy the state of untidiness and prevent its recurrence.
New York Times(Dec 06, 2016)
When I don’t feel well and thoughts of a recurrence creep into my mind, I lack fear and simply think, “Let’s just see what happens.”
Time(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 复回，重现; 反复，隐现; [数]循环; 重新提起
分布：再发生(58%)，反复(22%)，再现(20%)
【记】re反，cur跑，rence一跑回来－重现
【反】happening one time（只发生一次）
N-VAR
复发；重现；再现
If there is a recurrence of something, it happens again.
例：Police are out in force to prevent a recurrence of the violence.警方出动大量警力防止暴力事件再次发生。
n. 再发生；循环；重现；重新提起
 - circulation, revolution, rotation, cycle, round

Word: polemical
Front: polemical
[pəˈlemɪkl] (宝 21297/24386)
Vocabulary: polemical
(once / 9916 pages)
adj
The adjective polemical describes something related to an argument or controversy. To keep the peace, avoid discussing politics at Thanksgiving, which usually deteriorates into a polemical argument with Uncle Bob. Better stick to football or apple versus pumpkin pie.
Polemical is the adjective form of the noun polemic, which itself comes from the Greek word, polemos, meaning "war." Use polemical to describe a controversy or argument that could end up as a huge conflict, because polemical refers to a major disagreement. The word is often used to describe speech and writing — a polemical discussion or a polemical essay — that usually starts a war of words.
WORD FAMILY
polemic: polemical, polemically, polemicise, polemicize, polemics, polemise, polemize+/ polemicist: polemicists/polemicize: polemicized, polemicizes, polemicizing/polemics: polemicist, polemist/polemist: polemists
USAGE EXAMPLES
The tone of their tweets is frequently combative and polemical.
BBC(Dec 09, 2016)
The effect is a powerful, and inventively polemical, meditation on language and violence.
Slate(Dec 08, 2016)
Neither the Apple nor the Gabriel plays are exhortative in any polemical way.
New York Times(Nov 09, 2016)
Back: adj. 辩论法的; 辩论术的; 好辩的; 挑起争端的
分布：辩论的(45%)，争论的(35%)，=polemic.(10%)，争议的(10%)
引起争论的(polem争论+ical)[-ical表形容词"…的"]
【反】conciliatory（adj 抚慰调和的）；compromising（adj 妥协的）
adj. 好辩的；好争论的；挑起论战的
 - argumentative, disputative

Word: proximate
Front: proximate
[ˈprɒksɪmət] (宝 21958/34438)
Vocabulary: proximate
(once / 7970 pages)
adj
Proximate things are either nearby or close in time. The proximate arrival of a new baby brother means better finish knitting those booties. A Rube Goldberg machine is like a giant chain of proximate causes – one action causes another.
Use the adjective proximate for things that are close to each other or somehow related. Like the noun proximity, or nearby area, it comes from the Latin root, proximus, "nearest." In legal terms, you may have a case if the proximate cause of a fall was someone’s negligence. You can use proximate to mean "imminent" (or close by, but in terms of time), as in "The proximate publication of her story made her both nervous and excited."
WORD FAMILY
proximate: proximately
USAGE EXAMPLES
The latest leg-up in the dollar has a proximate cause.
Economist(Dec 01, 2016)
Terminal 1 also was seen by some as uncomfortably proximate to the nearby Pearl District, originally developed, ironically, by Williams.
Washington Times(Nov 07, 2016)
That explains his attempt this time around to stack the court with cronies, the proximate cause for the row with the EU.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
Back: adj. （时间、顺序等方面）近邻的，最接近的
分布：最接近的(60%)，直接的(40%)
→来自拉丁语proximus,最近的，来自prope的最高级，来自prope,近的，来自pro的扩大形式，词源同propinquity,approximate.-im,最高级后缀，词源同maximum,ultimate.
adj. 近似的；最近的
 - recent, latest, near, current, last

Word: prado

Word: propound
Front: propound
[prəˈpaʊnd] (托 24627/19200)
Vocabulary: propound
(once / 1965 pages)
v
When you propound an idea, you put it forward. If you tell your teacher that listening to music in class would help students do their work, then you propound the idea that music can be a motivator.
The word propound is a little bit formal and often used in reference to something that’s weighty and serious. Beloved by academics of all types, you might hear someone propound, say, his theory of logocentrism in the works of Jacques Derrida. Don’t worry: you don’t need to understand the theory, you just need to understand that propound means he’s putting it out there.
WORD FAMILY
propound: propounded, propounding, propounds
USAGE EXAMPLES
Admitted to the University of Chicago Divinity School, he became intrigued by the scientific rationalism propounded by Henry Nelson Wieman, an influential liberal theologian there.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“We are aggrieved in every sense of the word by the discrimination that was propounded here,” said Robert S. Peck, a lawyer for the city.
New York Times(Nov 08, 2016)
Taras Shevchenko, whose poetry helped codify the modern Ukrainian language in the mid-1800s, propounded an ethnic nationalism that divided Ukraine from its imperial Russian masters.
Economist(Oct 20, 2016)
Back: vt. 提出（问题、计划等）供考虑[讨论]，提议
时态：propounded, propounding, propounds
分布：提议(100%)
→来自拉丁语proponere,放在前面，展示，来自pro-,向前，-pos,放置，词源同position,proponent.插入字母d,比较sound.
提出,提议(pro向前+pound→向前放→提出)[pon,pound=put,表示"放置"]
【记】源于：propose（v 计划；建议）
[prə'paʊnd] formal
verb transitive
■to suggest a theory, belief or opinion for other people to consider 提出（理论、想法或观点）供考虑
• It was Ptolemy who propounded the theory that the Earth was at the centre of the universe. 是托勒密提出了地球位于宇宙中心的理论。
vt. 提出；提议；将…提供考虑
 - introduce, present, prefer, file, advance

Word: rosario

Word: rejoinder
Front: rejoinder
[rɪˈdʒɔɪndə(r)] (宝 23538/22711)
Vocabulary: rejoinder
(once / 2553 pages)
n
A rejoinder usually means a witty comeback. If someone asks you a silly question like, "Are you painting?" when you are holding a paint can and a brush, your rejoinder could be, "No, I'm just doing my nails."
The word rejoinder comes from the Middle French word rejoindre, which meant to answer a legal charge. The meaning of a witty retort developed from the legal meaning. You often think of the best rejoinders long after the crucial moments have passed, which can be really frustrating.
WORD FAMILY
rejoinder: rejoinders
USAGE EXAMPLES
This one is tender and dreamy, an optimistic rejoinder to an album full of cold shoulders and arched eyebrows.
New York Times(Nov 28, 2016)
Confederate flags are being displayed across the country, often as a kind of rejoinder to anti-Trump protesters.
New York Times(Nov 18, 2016)
To gesture at individual voters and say they aren’t racists—the usual rejoinder to this argument—is to miss the point.
Slate(Nov 16, 2016)
Back: n. 回答，反驳，答辩
分布：反驳(40%)，回答(38%)，第二次答辩(22%)
回答,答辩(re反+join+der→反过来接→回答)[junct,join=join,表示"结合,连接"]
【记】re再，join加入，der：再次加入讨论－反驳的回答
【参】rejoin（v 使再结合；再回答；答辩）
US [-dɚ] formal
noun countable
■a quick and often angry or humorous answer 回答；反驳
• She always has a witty rejoinder to/for any question. 任何问题她总能机敏诙谐地应对。
n. 反驳；回答；（被告的） [法] 第二次答辩
 - contradiction, response, reply, answer

Word: rookie
Front: rookie
[ˈrʊki] (宝 5259/26594 -1)
Vocabulary: rookie
(once / 1132 pages)
n
A rookie is someone who's new at something. The young football player who's just joined the NFL is a rookie, and if you just started your restaurant job yesterday, you're a rookie too.
Police officers and members of the military also call recent recruits rookies. This word can also function as an adjective to describe something related to newbies — like a "rookie season" or a "rookie quarterback." The word's origin is a bit hazy, though it may come from the disparaging secondary meaning of rook, "a cheat," or more appropriately, "someone who's easily cheated."
WORD FAMILY
rookie: rookies
USAGE EXAMPLES
A second argument against Prescott as MVP is that he isn’t even the best rookie on his own team.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Everyone on that group, save Gretzky, was older than Matthews as a rookie.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
That leaves rookie Connor Cook as the only healthy quarterback under contract.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 新手; 新队员
分布：新手(100%)
→来自 recruit 俚语，-ie,表亲昵或小不点。
新兵(rook乌鸦+ie...新兵穿黑衣像乌鸦)[-ie表名词"小东西或人"]
【记】roo肉，kie：做什么事情都特别肉（慢）－新手
['rʊk.i] mainly US informal
noun countable
■a person who is new to an organization or an activity 生手，新手
• These rookie cops don't know anything yet. 这些新员警现在还甚么都不懂呢。
n. 新手
 - freshman, noob, first-timer

Word: reflexive
Front: reflexive
[rɪˈfleksɪv] (20278/27420)
Vocabulary: reflexive
(once / 16038 pages)
1adjn 2adj
Something reflexive is completely involuntary. You can't help it. You might give a reflexive scream of fright if a bat flies in your face.
The adjective reflexive has two very different meanings. Something that's done automatically, without thought, is reflexive. Things that refer to themselves can also be called reflexive, especially certain parts of grammar, as in this sentence: "I took extra time to prepare myself for the test." Because myself refers back to I, it's a reflexive pronoun. There's even a reflexive genre of writing, metafiction, which can be described as "fiction about fiction."
WORD FAMILY
reflexive: reflexively, reflexiveness, reflexives, reflexivity
USAGE EXAMPLES
This finding — that people are reflexively prone to “intergroup bias” in punishment — is consistent with what many scientists believe about humans’ evolutionary heritage.
New York Times(Dec 09, 2016)
We must resist the temptation to shut down, to react reflexively or to judge others.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
But video of the vicious punch is new, released Friday for the world to see and reflexively gag.
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. <语>（词或词形）反身的; （动词）用反身代词作宾语的; 反射（性）的
n. 反身词或反身形式
分布：反身代词(50%)，反身的(29%)，反射性的(21%)
→来自 reflex,反射，-ive,形容词后缀。引申语法词义反身的。
adjective
GRAMMAR 文法
■describes words that show that the person who does the action is also the person who is affected by it （词语）反身的
• In the sentence, "She prides herself on doing a good job", "prides" is a reflexive verb and "herself" is a reflexive pronoun. 在句子 She prides herself on doing a good job 中，prides 是反身动词，herself 是反身代词。
[rɪ'flek.sɪv] adjective
MOVEMENT 动作
■done because of an uncontrollable physical reaction 反射（性）的；本能（反应）的
• I hadn't meant to answer her, it was simply reflexive. 我本来不想回答她，但我却本能地答了。
adj. [数] [物] 反身的；反射的
 - catoptric, repercussive

Word: reg
Front: reg
[redʒ] (-/7495)
Back: n. （汽车）牌照
noun countable informal for
■ registration (number)

Word: rehash
Front: rehash
[ˌri:ˈhæʃ] (22845/42818)
Vocabulary: rehash
(once / 20846 pages)
vn
When you rehash something, you use it again without altering or changing it much. Your favorite band's new album will be a disappointment if they just rehash all their old hits.
Sometimes movie sequels are great films in their own right, but often they simply rehash the storyline, characters, and jokes from the original. You can call a movie like this a rehash. Another way to rehash is to go over something again, rethinking or reconsidering it: "She just wants to rehash that argument, trying to figure out why her friend got so angry."
WORD FAMILY
rehash: rehashed, rehashes, rehashing+/hash: hashed, hashes, hashing, rehash
USAGE EXAMPLES
At 20:40, we rehash Monday’s wild Electoral College vote.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
I am tired of rehashing the things that we’ve already seen all the time.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 21, 2016)
He doesn’t like to rehash many details from Dec. 7.
Washington Times(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: vt. 改头换面
时态：rehashed, rehashing, rehashes
分布：重复(100%)
→re-,再，重新，hash,剁，切碎。比喻用法。
informal disapproving
noun countable
■writing or speech that uses old ideas as if they were new （稍作改动）重新推出；以新形式表达旧内容；换汤不换药
• His new book is just a rehash (of his previous ones). 他的新书只不过是新瓶装旧酒（重复他以前的观点）而已。
vt. 重讲；重新处理
 - restate
n. 改变；略加修改的老作品
 - modification, changing, alteration

Word: reindeer
Front: reindeer
[ˈreɪndɪə(r)] (12967/16959)
Vocabulary: reindeer
(once / 1939 pages)
n
A reindeer is a large, hoofed mammal with antlers. Contrary to popular Christmas folklore, reindeer can't really fly. Shhhhh.
The mythological reindeer that pull Santa Claus's sleigh first appeared in print during the nineteenth century in the United States. Real reindeer are found in Northern Europe, North America, and Siberia — although North American reindeer are more often called caribou. In Arctic and Subarctic areas, reindeer are regularly hunted and raised for their meat, milk, and hides. Reindeer comes from a Scandinavian root, similar to the Old Norse hreindyri.
WORD FAMILY
reindeer: reindeers
USAGE EXAMPLES
And he traded in a sleigh pulled by reindeer for a Harley-Davidson motorcycle.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The event is in its 31st year and also features reindeer, elves and other Christmas characters.
BBC(Dec 25, 2016)
But the fog advisory obviously raised the question of a possible need for Rudolph, the reindeer whose sleigh-guiding nose is celebrated in popular song.
Washington Post(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. <动>驯鹿
分布：驯鹿(100%)
→来自古诺斯语 hreindyri,来自 dyr,动物，鹿，词源同 deer,鹿，hreinn,驯鹿，来自 ker,角， 词源同 horn.该词 rein-本身已经表示鹿，与 rein（缰绳）没有词源联系，巧合的是，这种鹿 确实大量的被人工驯养并用于拉雪橇。
US [-dɪr] (plural reindeer)
noun countable
■a type of deer with large horns, which lives in the northern parts of Europe, Asia and America 驯鹿
• Father Christmas travels in a sleigh pulled by reindeer. 圣诞老人乘坐驯鹿拉的雪橇出行。

Word: rueful
Front: rueful
[ˈru:fl] (20979/23794 -1)
Vocabulary: rueful
(once / 1433 pages)
adj
If your elaborate magic trick goes awry, and instead of pulling a rabbit out of an audience member's shoe, you set the shoe on fire, you might give a rueful smile. Rueful means apologetic or remorseful.
The adjective rueful sincerely expresses regret, but it manages to do it with a hint of humor. Rueful shows up a lot in descriptions of remorseful grins or apologetic smiles. If you're sorry about something you've done but you can still laugh at yourself a little bit, you feel rueful. The word itself comes from the verb to rue, which means "to regret."
WORD FAMILY
rueful: ruefulest, ruefully, ruefulness+/ rue: rued, rueful, rueing, rues, ruing/ruefulness: ruefulnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Vladimir Putin is definitely not rueful or bemused about these possessions.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
But there are some gems in it, along with some rueful reflection.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Then he added a rueful note, "I'm just not good at this."
Los Angeles Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: adj. 后悔的，悔恨的; 悲伤的; 可怜的
分布：悔恨的(51%)，悲伤的(33%)，怜悯的(16%)
→rue,感到懊悔，-ful,形容词后缀。
后悔的(rue悔恨)[-ful 1.表形容词"有…的"2.表名词"满,量"]
【反】impenitent（adj 不悔悟的）
['ru:.fəl] literary
adjective
■feeling sorry and wishing that something had not happened 懊悔的；后悔的；悔恨的
• He turned away with a rueful laugh. 他懊悔地苦笑着把脸转向一旁。
adj. 可怜的；悲伤的；悔恨的
 - poor, wretched

Word: sheaf
Front: sheaf
[ʃi:f] (宝 16707/16348)
Vocabulary: sheaf
(once / 1625 pages)
n
Those old love letters tied up with a ribbon at the back of your closet? Last week's newspapers bundled up for recycling? Each is a sheaf — a tied up bundle of something ready for storage or carrying.
Although sheaf almost always refers to bundles of paper, there's one striking exception to this, as any fan of Robin Hood knows. What Robin and his merry men carried on their backs were sheaves — bundles of arrows held in a handy little case called a quiver. After all, a sheaf of love letters or newspapers would make a pretty poor weapon against the evil Sheriff of Nottingham.
WORD FAMILY
sheaf: sheafs, sheaves
USAGE EXAMPLES
The sheaf of papers he is looking for is by his laptop.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Here he cradles sheaves of wheat pensively, there he sips a cup of tea or wags a finger in a meeting.
The Guardian(Dec 08, 2016)
Entering a meeting with Mr. Trump last week, Mr. Kobach was photographed carrying a sheaf of policy recommendations.
New York Times(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: n. 捆，束，扎
分布：捆(58%)，束(42%)
→来自古英语 sceaf,大捆，成捆，来自 Proto-Germanic*skauf,捆，丛，来自 skeup,捆，丛。 引申诸相关词义。
【记】sh使，eaf＝leaf：使一堆叶子变成一捆。
[ʃi:f] (plural sheaves)
noun countable
■a number of things, especially pieces of paper or plant stems, that are held or tied together （尤指纸张的）叠；（尤指植物茎杆的）捆，束
• A lawyer walked in carrying a whole sheaf of papers. 一个律师走进来，手里拿着一叠文件。
• The corn was cut and tied in sheaves. 玉米收割后被绑成一捆。
n. 捆；束；扎
 - tract, bundle
vt. 捆；束；扎
 - string, rope

Word: sabbatical
Front: sabbatical
[sə'bætɪk(ə)l] (15752/19474)
Vocabulary: sabbatical
(once / 14223 pages)
1nadj 2adj
If your job entitles you, you probably take a sabbatical every seven years, which means you get a year of paid leave to do whatever you want to further your understanding of the world.
The word sabbatical, which can be a noun or an adjective, comes from the Greek word sabatikos, which means “of the Sabbath,” the day of rest that happens every seventh day. Most teaching jobs come with the promise of a sabbatical, which is a year of not having to teach, though you still get paid. During your sabbatical, you usually are expected to do research and perhaps write a book — in order words, keep working.
WORD FAMILY
sabbatical: sabbaticals
USAGE EXAMPLES
No, the sore back that prompted his competitive sabbatical wasn’t acting up.
Golf Digest(Jan 02, 2017)
It also announced Tuesday it would institute an unpaid sabbatical for long-term employees.
Washington Post(Dec 06, 2016)
I discovered it 14 years ago, when my husband was on sabbatical at the University of Glasgow.
New York Times(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: adj. 休假的，公休的
n. 学术休假
分布：休假(69%)，安息日的(15%)，公休(9%)，休息的(7%)
→来自 Sabbath,休息，安息，-ical,形容词后缀。现词义缩写自 sabbatical year,休息年，用于指 大学教师进行学术研究或旅游的假期。
【记】sa三，bbat＝bat蝙蝠，ical：三个蝙蝠一个工作8小时－周期休息的
US [-'bætˌ-] noun countable or uncountable
■a period of time when college or university teachers are allowed to stop their usual work in order to study or travel, usually while continuing to be paid （供大学老师进行学术研究或旅游且通常带薪的）休假
• to take/have a sabbatical 休假
• She's on sabbatical for six months. 她正在休假，为期六个月。
• sabbatical leave 休假期
n. 休假（美国某些大学给大学教师每七年一次的）
 - leave, vac

Word: rulebook
Front: rulebook
['ru:lbʊk] (34864/28511)
Back: n. 规则手册[说明]
分布：名词(100%)

Word: scald
Front: scald
[skɔ:ld] (宝 19697/19812)
Vocabulary: scald
(once / 1671 pages)
1vn 2v
You could scald yourself if your bathwater is too hot. To scald something is to burn it with hot liquid. However, if a recipe tells you to “scald the milk,” it means to heat it to the moment just before it boils.
The verb scald comes from the Late Latin word excaldare, meaning “bathe in hot water.” For example, if you scald a tomato in boiling water for one minute, it will be easy to peel. In medieval times, or any era when people protected their castles by pouring hot oil from the turrets, they scalded their enemies. Nice.
WORD FAMILY
scald: scalded, scalding, scalds
USAGE EXAMPLES
They wound up in an apartment for the homeless, where their daughters were scalded by radiator steam.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
The pain of contact was so pure, so scalding, I felt nothing for a second.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
Scalding liquids are the most common cause of burns in children.
Seattle Times(Nov 20, 2016)
Back: vt. （沸水等）烫伤（皮肤）; 把（尤指牛奶）加热到接近沸腾
n. （沸水或蒸汽造成的）烫伤
时态：scalded, scalding, scalds
分布：烫伤(63%)，烫洗(23%)，用沸水烫洗(10%)，加热至接近沸点(4%)
【记】scald不是cold的你被scald是不小心，应该scold（v 责骂）
US [skɑ:ld] verb transitive
■to burn the skin with boiling liquid or steam 烫伤
• I dropped a pan of boiling water and scalded my leg. 我一锅滚水没端好，把腿烫伤了。
■to put something in boiling water or steam in order to make it completely clean （为了消毒）烫洗
• Scald the needles to sterilize them. 烫洗针头进行消毒。
■specialized
■to heat a liquid until it almost boils 加热（液体）至接近沸腾
• Scald the milk and then add it to the egg and sugar mixture. 把牛奶煮至将沸，然后倒入鸡蛋白糖的混合物中。
UK [skɔ:ld] US [skɑ:ld] noun countable
■an injury to the skin caused by boiling liquid or steam （皮肤的）烫伤
vt. 烫伤；烫洗；加热；晒焦
 - to get a burn, heat up
vi. 烫伤；烫洗；煮沸
 - to get a burn, boil out
n. 烫伤；烫洗
 - empyrosis

Word: snowstorm
Front: snowstorm
[ˈsnəʊstɔ:m] (研四六 13456/23065)
Back: n. [气]暴风雪，雪崩; 雪暴
分布：暴风雪(92%)，雪暴(8%)
n.暴风雪Nowadays the once unknown snowy hill is well-known for snowstorm.如今那座曾经不出名的多雪小山因暴风雪而出名.
US ['snoʊ.stɔ:rm] noun countable
■a heavy fall of snow which is blown by strong winds 暴风雪
n. 暴风雪； [气象] 雪暴
 - blizzard, stormy weather

Word: stylise

Word: showmanship
Front: showmanship
[ˈʃəʊmənʃɪp] (24191/34293)
Back: n. 主技演出的技巧
分布：表演技巧(72%)，引起公众注意的技巧(28%)

Word: stilt
Front: stilt
[stɪlt] (托 17133/20868)
Vocabulary: stilt
(once / 6077 pages)
1n 2n
Stilts are walking devices that make the person wearing them much taller than usual. When you use stilts, you stand on foot rests and walk along far above the ground.
Stilts are special poles, either for walking tall or for supporting a structure that might otherwise be damaged by water. You can sometimes see people walking on stilts at a circus or parade, and you can see houses on stilts in some beachfront communities. Walking stilts are sometimes also used by workers, including the stilts worn by window washers and fruit farmers.
WORD FAMILY
stilt: stilts
USAGE EXAMPLES
Amenities include a stroller valet, moon bounces, face painters, roaming stilt walkers and magicians, crafting stations and much more.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Three thousand years ago, a cluster of roundhouses built on stilts over the river were destroyed by fire.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
He crossed blindfolded, he crossed on stilts and he crossed with his manager on his back.
New York Times(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: n. （支撑建筑物高出地面或水面的）桩子，支柱; 高跷
分布：高跷(54%)，支柱(36%)，桩子(10%)
→可能来自中古荷兰语 stelte,高跷，来自 Proto-Germanic*steltijon,柱子，来自 stel,放置， 站立，词源同 stall,still.
noun countable usually plural
■one of a set of long pieces of wood or metal used to support a building so that it is above the ground or above water （支撑建筑物高出地面或水面的）柱子，支材
• The houses are built on stilts to protect them from the annual floods. 房子建在支柱上，以免遭受一年一度的洪水侵袭。
■one of two long pieces of wood with supports for the feet which allow you to stand and walk high above the ground 高跷
• to walk on stilts 踩高跷
n. 高跷；支柱， [建] 支撑物
 - leg, support, backbone, stay

Word: tableau
Front: tableau
[ˈtæbləʊ] (13024/12973 -1)
Vocabulary: tableau
(once / 2381 pages)
n
A tableau is a dramatic picture. If you catch a glance into the Oval Office and see top advisers speaking to each other with intensity, you behold a dramatic political tableau.
Tableau comes from the old French for "picture, or painted target." We usually use tableau to describe a vivid living scene. If you are a journalist and want to describe the tension in a courtroom, you might write a verbal tableau of the judge, the jury, and the witness box. People used to entertain themselves by doing tableau vivant, or living pictures, by reenacting perfectly the frozen scene of a famous painting.
WORD FAMILY
tableau: tableaus, tableaux
USAGE EXAMPLES
The rink itself was placed on a tableau of the No. 100, signifying both the centennial season for both the Leafs and NHL.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Greely’s handcrafted tableaux do so by bringing the logic of dreams front and center.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
In this image, the juxtaposition with the youngster on his bright red bike creates a bizarre yet compelling tableau.
BBC(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 人构成的画面或场景; 活人画（舞台上活人扮的静态画面）; 戏剧性的场面
分布：画面(100%)
→来自法语 tableau-vivant,活的雕像，逼真的绘画，来自 tableau,图片，绘画，来自古法语 table, 石板，写字板，绘画板，词源同 table.-eau,小词后缀，对应英语后缀-elle.
US [-loʊ] (plural tableaux or tableaus)
noun countable
■an arrangement of people who do not move or speak, especially on a stage, who represent a view of life, an event, etc. （舞台上静止的）人物造型，场景，场面
n. 画面；活人画；戏剧性局面；生动的场面（复数tableaux）
 - frame, screenshots

Word: squire
Front: squire
[ˈskwaɪə(r)] (22723/9854)
Vocabulary: squire
(once / 229 pages)
nv
Squire is a British term for a country landowner or gentleman. You can use squire to describe a refined and powerful man, or as a verb meaning to escort: when the queen visited, the police chief squired her around town.
You'll encounter squires in 19th-century English novels, and you'll need to understand who they are if you're going to get the subtle class distinctions that often drive the plots of these novels. During feudal times squires were young men who assisted knights. For their loyalty, they were given land, making them and their descendants rich and powerful. If you had land, you could live off the rent your tenant farmers paid, and you’d be free to be a gentleman.
WORD FAMILY
squire: squired, squires, squiring
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Consumers are voting for retailers that offered promotions,” said John Squire, chief executive of DynamicAction.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 14, 2016)
The Virginia squire look belies the serious businessman underneath.
Washington Post(Dec 11, 2016)
The son of a notary, he has the tweedy look of a country squire, and a Catholic-hued social conservatism to match.
Economist(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. <英>地主，乡绅
时态：squired, squiring, squires
分布：乡绅(66%)，护卫(15%)，侍从(12%)，大地主(7%)
→来自中古法语 esquier,乡绅，来自古法语 escuier,持盾者，来自（缩写自）拉丁语 scutarius, 持盾者，来自 scutum,盾，来自 skei,分开，劈开，词源同 shield,scuttle,escudo.原指骑士 的学徒或实习骑士，兼帮师傅持盾或跑腿，后用于对人的尊称（低于骑士），如乡绅，地主， 同时也用于对男性的尊称。
US [skwaɪr] noun countable old use
■in the past in England, a man who owned most of the land around a village （旧时英格兰的）乡绅，大地主
■UK old-fashioned informal
■used as a friendly form of address by one man to another who might be of a higher social class （用作男子间友好的称呼语，对方的社会地位可能高于自己）先生
• "I don't know if all my luggage is going to fit in the back of the taxi." "Don't worry, squire, I'll get it in." “我不知道是不是所有的行李都能放进计程车的后车箱里。”“请放心，先生，我会放进去的。”
n. 乡绅；侍从；大地主；地方法官
 - franklin, chamberlaine
vt. 随侍；护卫
 - safeguard

Word: terminus
Front: terminus
[ˈtɜ:mɪnəs] (托宝 21005/12309)
Vocabulary: terminus
(once / 173 pages)
1n 2n
Consider terminus the end of the line. Whether it describes a train station, a goal, or an era — terminus refers to something’s final point.
Ancient Romans worshiped Terminus as the god of boundaries, even performing sacrifices in his honor to bless objects that marked borders. You probably don’t have to go that far if you just want to use the noun terminus. You can use it as a weighty way to indicate something is at the end of the line, such as the last stop on a bus or train route. It most often refers to the end of a transportation route, but it can also be used more generally to mark the end point of other things — such as a marriage or a project.
WORD FAMILY
terminus: terminal, terminate, termini, terminuses+/ interminable: interminably/terminable: interminable / terminal: subterminal, terminally, terminals/ terminate: terminable, terminated, terminates, terminating, termination, terminative/ termination: terminations/terminative: terminatively
USAGE EXAMPLES
Q: When you reached the southern terminus of the CDT, what were your thoughts?
Seattle Times(Nov 12, 2016)
Q. When you reached the southern terminus of the CDT, what were your thoughts?
Washington Times(Nov 12, 2016)
The cafeteria was at the actual terminus of Route 66.
Los Angeles Times(Oct 24, 2016)
Back: n. 终点; 终点站; 界限; 界石
分布：终点(49%)，终点站(37%)，界标(8%)，界限(6%)
→termin-,边界，终端，-us,名词后缀。
终点(站)(termin+us→界限之点→终点)[termin=limit,表示"界限"]
US ['tɝ:-] (plural terminuses or UK ['tɜ:.mɪ.naɪ] US ['tɝ:-/ termini)
noun countable
■the last stop or the station at the end of a bus or railway route （公共汽车或火车的）终点站
n. 终点；终点站；界标；界石
 - goal, end-point

Word: tenement
Front: tenement
[ˈtenəmənt] (托 14363/12452)
Vocabulary: tenement
(once / 1230 pages)
n
A tenement is a run-down apartment building. The tenements in Old New York were barely safe enough to live in — fire hazards, no air circulation, and no bathrooms, either.
When different immigrant groups first came to the United States in the 1800s, they didn't have much money and would often end up living in close quarters with many people in a small apartment, or tenement. These buildings were notorious for catching fire and collapsing. In 1901, New York City passed a law that said all tenement apartments had to have running water — ah, indoor plumbing! — and required that each room have a window.
WORD FAMILY
tenement: tenements
USAGE EXAMPLES
This is how they looked before they stepped into a new life, most likely spent in tenements or trying to learn how to farm.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
The city offers loads of great smaller museums, such as the Studio in Harlem, the Lower East Side’s Tenement and the new Whitney in Chelsea.
The Guardian(Dec 12, 2016)
Subsections of “Kulturgeschichte” reflect those years, notably a suite of black-and-white photographs of brownstone and tenement doorways that spans more than a hundred sheets.
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 房屋，住户，租房子
分布：房屋(44%)，住户(33%)，租户(23%)
→来自拉丁语 tenementum,领地，房子，所有物，来自 ten-,持有，握住，-ment,名词后缀。后 用于指廉租公寓，可能是来自幽默用法。参照英语名言“风能进，雨能进，国王不能进”。
noun countable
■a large building divided into apartments, usually in a poor area of a city （常指城市贫民区的）公寓大楼
n. 房屋；住户，租户；租房子
 - housing, whare

Word: thunderstorm
Front: thunderstorm
[ˈθʌndəstɔ:m] (高托 10620/18737 -1)
Back: n. 雷电交加的暴风雨; 大雷雨
分布：雷暴雨(55%)，大雷雨(45%)
US [-dɚ.stɔ:rm] noun countable
■a storm with thunder and lightning and usually heavy rain 雷雨，雷暴
n. [气象] 雷暴；雷暴雨；大雷雨
 - electrical storm, tornado

Word: therapeutics
Front: therapeutics
[ˌθerəˈpju:tɪks] (25853/43755)
Back: n. 治疗学，疗法
分布：疗法(66%)，治疗学(34%)
→therapeutic,治疗的，-ics,学说。
n. 疗法， [临床] 治疗学
 - treatment, cure

Word: tinder
Front: tinder
[ˈtɪndə(r)] (宝 26176/27437)
Vocabulary: tinder
(once / 4599 pages)
n
Tinder is one of the things you need to start a fire — it's the extremely dry stuff, like wood or paper, that catches easily and helps get your fire going. To build a campfire, you need both logs and tinder.
You might also call tinder kindling. This material is so dry and flammable that it quickly catches on fire and burns long enough to ignite the larger pieces of wood in your fireplace or outdoor fire pit. The word stems from the Old English tynder, from a Proto-Germanic root meaning "ignite" or "kindle."
WORD FAMILY
tinder: tinders
USAGE EXAMPLES
With sites like Tinder, Bumble and Hinge, it is all about who is nearby and available.
New York Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Each time someone defended Tinder with a “success story”, my housemate twisted round from the next couch to grin at me.
The Guardian(Dec 04, 2016)
The thing is, I met this guy on Tinder.
Slate(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 引火物，易燃物，导火线
adj. 易燃的
分布：火绒(56%)，火种(44%)
→来自古英语 tynder,引火物，来自 Proto-Germanic*tund,点燃。
【记】源于：timber（n 木材）是一种tinder。
US [-dɚ] noun uncountable
■small pieces of something dry that burns easily and which can be used for lighting fires 火种；引火物
• We used some dry grass and dead twigs as tinder to light the camp fire. 我们用一些干草和枯枝来引燃营火。
• The grass is tinder -dry (= so dry that it will burn easily) , so there's a risk of fire. 草非常干，一点就着，所以有发生火灾的危险。
n. 火绒；易燃物
 - amadou, touchwood

Word: turbocharge

Word: trieste

Word: truncheon
Front: truncheon
[ˈtrʌntʃən] (30994/21038)
Vocabulary: truncheon
(once / 10225 pages)
n
A truncheon is a short, thick club, mainly used by police officers. If you find yourself face-to-face with a truncheon, you better behave.
A truncheon is used by a police officer as a less deadly weapon than a gun. Just the sight of a police officer's truncheon is enough to make most people cooperate, but police are trained to use a truncheon to neutralize a violent suspect. Truncheons are also called batons, billy clubs, and nightsticks. The word truncheon comes from the Old French tronchon, "a broken off piece" or "a stump," is based on the Latin word truncus, "cut off."
WORD FAMILY
truncheon: truncheons
USAGE EXAMPLES
Beyond the jackboot, the truncheon and the gun, their chief weapon was the lie: “organized deception,” in Brendon’s words.
Washington Post(Nov 18, 2016)
Officers stood in a row, armed with truncheons and shields.
New York Times(Nov 06, 2016)
Last month, masked men carrying pistols, knives and truncheons stormed a Greenpeace campsite and severely beat volunteer firefighters in southern Russia.
Washington Post(Nov 02, 2016)
Back: n. 警棍; （粗短的）棍子; 官杖; <旧>树干
vt. <古>用棍子打，用警棍打
分布：警棍(100%)
→来自拉丁语 truncus,树干，词源同 trunk.-on,小词后缀。字面意思即小树干，引申词义警棍。
【记】trunc＝trunk（n 树干），teon－象树干一样的棍子－警棍
['trʌnt.ʃən] UK (US nightstick)
noun countable
■a thick heavy stick used as a weapon by police officers 警棍
n. 警棍；棍子；权杖
 - stake, night stick

Word: tuscan
Front: tuscan
[ˈtʌskən] (19679/25796)
Back: adj. 托斯卡纳的，托斯卡纳式的
n. 托斯卡纳人，托斯卡纳语
分布：托斯卡纳的(35%)，托斯卡纳语(26%)，托斯卡纳人(26%)，托斯卡纳式的(13%)

Word: vedanta

Word: vehemence
Front: vehemence
['vi:əməns] (21968/21883)
Vocabulary: vehemence
(once / 1301 pages)
n
Something with vehemence is forceful and energetic. If you passionately believe that your neighbor is mistreating his dog, speak to him with vehemence.
Vehemence is the quality of being vehement, or powerful. We often describe passionate speeches as having vehemence. You could also describe a violent natural event as vehement. A hurricane sweeps onto coastal land with destructive vehemence. If your dancing style is wild and involves throwing your limbs every which way as fast as possible, then you dance with vehemence.
WORD FAMILY
vehemence: vehemences+/ vehement: vehemence, vehementer, vehemently
USAGE EXAMPLES
I saw how the Internet’s anonymity and the vehemence within each partisan tunnel demonizes any dissenters.
Time(Dec 07, 2016)
At first, he was taken aback by the razzmatazz and the vehemence, the cries of “Lock her up.”
The New Yorker(Nov 30, 2016)
But the vehemence which is projected onto the screen of Hillary is disconcerting and needs examination.
Salon(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: n. 热烈; 强烈; 猛烈; 愤怒
分布：热烈(60%)，猛烈(40%)
【记】ve表示胜利，he他，men男人，ce：能胜过他的男人－猛烈
n. 激烈；热烈
 - violence, heat

Word: vinegar
Front: vinegar
[ˈvɪnɪgə(r)] (高研四六托 5106/10241 -2)
Back: n. 醋; 乖戾，尖酸刻薄; <口>充沛的精力
分布：醋(100%)
→vin-,葡萄，葡萄酒，-egar,酸的，词源同acid。用来指醋。
n.醋;活力The sugared vinegar is refined from the sugarcane and pine.加糖的醋是从甘蔗和松木中精炼出来的.
US [-gɚ] noun uncountable
■a sharp-tasting liquid, made especially from sour wine, malt or cider , which is used to add flavour to or to preserve food 醋
• wine vinegar 酒醋
• Would you like oil and vinegar on your salad? 你要不要在沙拉里加油和醋？
n. [食品] 醋
 - acetum

Word: twelfth
Front: twelfth
[twelfθ] (中高 12592/6150 -4)
Back: n. 第十二; 十二分之一
adj. 第十二的; 第十二个的; 十二分之一的
分布：十二分之一的(31%)，第十二(28%)，第十二的(23%)，第十二音(9%)，十二日(9%)
ordinal number
■12th written as a word 第十二（的）
[twelfθ] noun countable
■one of twelve equal parts of something 十二分之一（某物十二等份之其一）
adj. 第十二的，第十二个的；十二分之一的
 - dozenth

Word: unmolested
Front: unmolested
[ˌʌnməˈlestɪd] (28212/33002)
Back: adj. 没有苦恼的，无麻烦的
分布：无麻烦的(60%)，没有苦恼的(40%)

Word: unready
Front: unready
['ʌn'redɪ] (37219/48696)
Back: adj. 没有准备的
分布：没准备的(45%)，不敏捷的(33%)，没预备的(22%)

Word: wile
Front: wile
[waɪl] (宝 21544/19922)
Vocabulary: wile
(once / 883 pages)
n
The noun wile is good for describing a particular kind of deviousness, but its plural form is most commonly used.
Your charming brother might use his wiles to talk your parents into loaning him money again and again. You can describe your cousin's knack for getting exactly what he wants through slyness and trickery as his wile. Language experts can only guess about the origin of wile, though many believe it's related to the Old Norse vél, or "craft." Others think there may be a connection with the Old English word for "wizard," wicca.
WORD FAMILY
wile: wiles, wily +/ wily: wilier, wiliest, wilily, wiliness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Aside from raising money, Wiles said the photos showcase athlete’s bodies in a “tasteful and strong” way.
Seattle Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Mr Wiles said he would "never, ever" be tempted to overload plug sockets again and described the experience as "a real eye-opener".
BBC(Dec 18, 2016)
In a flurry of roster moves Tuesday, the team also elevated punter Matt Wile from the practice squad.
Washington Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 欺骗，欺诈
vt. 引诱; 诱惑; 消遣; 消磨
分布：诡计(26%)，阴谋(25%)，欺骗(25%)，消遣(16%)，诱惑(8%)
vt. 欺骗，诱骗；消遣
 - sell, fox, kid
n. 诡计，阴谋
 - scheme, fraud, designing, plot, trick

Word: abbreviate
Front: abbreviate
[əˈbri:vieɪt] (托宝 22759/20690)
Vocabulary: abbreviate
(once / 1863 pages)
v
To abbreviate is to shorten. Words are often abbreviated, like when we say sked instead of schedule.
Though we most often think about words being abbreviated — especially terms like OMG and LOL for "oh my God" and "laugh out loud" — lots of things can be abbreviated. You just have to shorten them. Sudden rain might abbreviate a baseball game. A bomb threat would abbreviate a school day. Anytime something is being shortened or cut, abbreviation is going on.
WORD FAMILY
abbreviate: abbreviated, abbreviates, abbreviating, abbreviation, abbreviator+/ abbreviation: abbreviations/abbreviator: abbreviators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Trading volume was the lowest since mid-October, except for the abbreviated trading session after the Thanksgiving holiday.
New York Times(Dec 19, 2016)
The entities, commonly abbreviated as LLCs, often offer owners “pass-throughs,” ensuring that they are taxed only for the income they receive.
Washington Times(Dec 10, 2016)
About those international rascals: After his abbreviated round with the president, Dad recounted the day to my mother.
Golf Digest(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: vt. 使简短; 缩简; 缩略; 使用缩写词
n. 使用缩写词的人; 缩短，缩写（词、短语、名字、名称）
时态：abbreviated, abbreviating, abbreviates
分布：缩写(75%)，缩短(21%)，使简略(4%)
→前缀ab-同ad-,去，往。词根brev, 短，同brief. 前缀ad-在字母b开头词根前同化为ab.
【反】extend（v 扩展）；prolong（v 延长）
verb transitive usually passive
■to make a word or phrase shorter by using only the first letters of each word 缩略，缩写
• 'Daniel' is often abbreviated to 'Dan'. Daniel 常常缩写成 Dan。
• 'Chief Executive Officer' is abbreviated as 'CEO'. Chief Executive Officer（首席执行官）被缩写为 CEO。
shorten, abbreviate, abridge, cut
这些动词均含有“缩短”之意。
shorten: 通常指缩短时间、尺寸或过程。
abbreviate: 指省去应有的或后续的部分，从而使整体缩短。也可指缩短时间。
abridge: 多指对书籍的删节或缩短，删去不重要部分而保存其精华。
cut: 普通用词，指任何缩短而缩减的过程。
vt. 缩写，使省略；使简短
 - syncopate

Word: zoology
Front: zoology
[zəʊˈɒlədʒi] (雅 21773/23453 -1)
Vocabulary: zoology
(once / 1463 pages)
n
If you're fascinated by monkey business or just love horsing around, you might consider a career in zoology — the scientific study of animals.
According to some usage experts, most of us mispronounce the word zoology. The first syllable of this noun is correctly pronounced with a long o sound, as in toe, rather than the "oo" in zoo. Yet our error is considered acceptable because if you're going to study animal life and behavior, one of the best places to do it is at the zoo.
WORD FAMILY
zoology: zoological, zoologies, zoologist +/ zoological: zoologically/ zoologist: zoologists
USAGE EXAMPLES
The transition from zoology to pediatrics is obvious, Optiz said, because pediatrics is zoology of the child.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Dr. Cooley studied zoology at the University of Texas at Austin, where he starred on the basketball team and graduated in 1941.
Washington Post(Nov 18, 2016)
Professor Alex Kacelnik from the University of Oxford’s Department of Zoology explains the significance of their findings to the Today programme.
BBC(Nov 16, 2016)
Back: n. 动物学，动物学课程; （某一地区的）全部动物，（某种动物的）动物特性[特征]
→zoo-,动物，来自gweie,存活，生命，词源biology,quick,vital，-logy,学说。
动物学(zoo+logy学科)[zoo=animal,表示"动物"]
US [zoʊ'ɑ:.lə-] noun uncountable
■the scientific study of animals, especially their structure 动物学
n. [动] 动物学；动物区系
 - fauna

Word: abrogate
Front: abrogate
[ˈæbrəgeɪt] (宝 21800/22524)
Vocabulary: abrogate
(once / 3702 pages)
v
Abrogate means to abolish or avoid. When someone cuts in front of you in line, they are abrogating your right to be the next one served. When you cut in line, you are abrogating your responsibility to those who were in line before you.
The Latin root of this word is made up of the prefix ab- "away" and rogare "to propose a law." What does it mean if you propose a law away? You repeal it, of course, so abrogate means to officially revoke, cancel or abolish. The meaning of this word has expanded a bit since its earliest usage, but it still appears most often in a legal or political context, or when serious rights and responsibilities are being discussed.
WORD FAMILY
abrogate: abrogated, abrogates, abrogating, abrogation, abrogator+/ abrogation: abrogations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Legislatively targeting news outlets based on their views would abrogate freedom of press.
Time(Dec 08, 2016)
If he doesn’t get a “better deal,” whatever that means, he threatens to abrogate the treaty.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 18, 2016)
But if Mr Trump does decide to abrogate it, or sabotage it in some other way, the diplomatic and strategic consequences will be dire.
Economist(Nov 17, 2016)
Back: vt. 废除（法律等）; 取消; 去掉; 抛开
n. 取消，废除
时态：abrogated, abrogating, abrogates
分布：废除(66%)，取消(34%)
→前缀ab-, 离开，否认。词根rog, 要求，同reach, 见arrogate, 擅自要求，擅取。
取消,废止(ab去掉+rog+ate→不再要求有→取消掉)[Rog=ask表示"要求,问"]
【区】abnegate（v 放弃）
【参】interrogative（adj 疑问的）；arrogant（adj 傲慢的）
【反】embrace（v 拥护）；institute（v 创立）；uphold（v 支持）
US [-rə-] formal
verb transitive
■to end a law, agreement or custom formally 正式废除，废止；撤销
• The treaty was abrogated in 1929. 该条约于1929年废止。
vt. 废除；取消
 - abolish, recall

Word: whopper
Front: whopper
[ˈwɒpə(r)] (22738/34866)
Back: n. 特大的（或硕大的）东西; 谎言; 瞎话; 弥天大谎
分布：弥天大谎(74%)，特大之物(26%)
→拟声词，比喻用法。
US ['wɑ:.pɚ] noun countable humorous informal
■something that is surprising because it is so much bigger than the usual size 庞然大物；超大的东西
• I mean, my nose is quite big but my Dad's got a whopper. 我觉得，我的鼻子已经很大了，而我爸爸的鼻子更大。
■humorous
■a big lie 弥天大谎
• Amanda's told some whoppers in her time. 阿曼达曾撒过一些大谎。
n. 弥天大谎；特大之物
 - big lie, whacker

Word: welt
Front: welt
[welt] (18754/27131)
Vocabulary: welt
(once / 2388 pages)
nv
If someone hits you hard with a thin stick, your skin might rise up in a welt. Ouch. A welt is a swollen bruise.
The extra bit of stitching around the pocket of your jeans can also be called a welt as can the stitching that holds your shoe to its sole. In these cases as well as the mark on the skin, a welt is a rising where things meet –– either where a blow meets the body, or where two types of fabric meet each other.
WORD FAMILY
welt: welted, welter, welting, welts+/ welter: weltered, weltering, welters
USAGE EXAMPLES
One day at school, her teacher saw the welts.
Washington Post(Dec 24, 2016)
“That’s exactly what IS wants,” he told the daily Die Welt.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
According to a report in the German newspaper Die Welt, translated with computer assistance by the Washington Times, the suspect is a newly-arrived Pakistani refugee.
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 贴边，袜口，伤痕
vt. 装饰，鞭打
时态：welted, welting, welts
分布：贴边(46%)，鞭痕(45%)，贴边于(9%)
→来自wel,转，卷，拱起，词源同vault,weal。引申词义肿起，红肿伤痕。
noun countable
■a raised, red area of skin caused by being hit or by cuts healing （皮肤上受击打后留下的）瘀伤，肿块；疤痕
n. [服装] 贴边，沿条；鞭痕；殴打
 - strike, hiding

Word: abstruse
Front: abstruse
[əbˈstru:s] (托宝 29894/33040)
Vocabulary: abstruse
(once / 3860 pages)
adj
Abstruse things are difficult to understand because they are so deep and intellectually challenging. It might be hard to figure out how a toilet flushes but the technology that goes into making the Internet function is abstruse.
The Latin roots of the word abstruse are about concealing or hiding something, which is a good way to remember the meaning of this word. It is useful when describing something that is overly confusing, or if someone is deliberately making a story or a situation more complicated than necessary. It sounds and looks like obtuse, but abstruse is almost its opposite. Obtuse is dull or lacking a sharpness of intellect. While Abstruse is president of the chess club, Obtuse is hanging out by the parking lot smoking cigarettes.
WORD FAMILY
abstruse: abstrusely, abstruseness, abstruser, abstrusest, abstrusity+/abstruseness: abstrusenesses/abstrusity: abstrusities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Please do not allow a few readers’ highly abstruse tastes and unwarranted criticisms to sway decisions on changing what works best in The Post’s comics.
Washington Post(Nov 10, 2016)
For such abstruse fare, it’s brought Paterson, Fehlmann and their collaborators uncommon commercial success.
Seattle Times(Oct 21, 2016)
But she is known for her more abstruse constructions, and those will be showcased at the Met.
New York Times(Oct 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 难解的; 深奥的; <古>秘密的; 隐藏的
级别：abstruser, abstrusest
分布：深奥的(100%)
→前缀abs-为ab-变体，离开。词根trud-，推，挤，见extrude, 向外推。-s (trud- => trus-), 过去分词格。即推开的，引申词义想不出来的，深奥的，难解的。
深奥的(abs离开+trus+e→离开[人的知识]理解不能推进→深奥的)[trud,trus=push,表示"推"]
【参】intrusion（n 闯入）；protrusion（n 突出，隆起）
【记】abs＝ab离开，truse发音酷似truth真理。何谓离开真理？就叫她假理、歪理吧！既然是假理、歪理定然不太正常，叫人难以理解，所以深奥的，难深奥的没有理解＝看不见的没有视觉
【反】accessible（adj 可理解的）；patent（adj 显著的，明白的）懂的。
[æb'stru:s] formal
adjective
■difficult to understand 难解的；深奥的
• an abstruse philosophical essay 深奥的哲学文章
adj. 深奥的；难懂的
 - complicated, deep

Word: ahem
Front: ahem
[ə'hem] (24471/32727)
Back: int. 啊咳，咳嗽或清嗓子的声音
分布：名词(100%)
[ə'həm] mainly humorous
exclamation
■used to describe the little cough that someone gives to express slight embarrassment, enjoyment, doubt or disapproval, or to attract attention （轻声咳嗽，用于表示有一点尴尬、好笑、怀疑、不同意或吸引注意力）呃哼
vi. 清嗓子
 - clear one's throat

Word: aeronautical
Front: aeronautical
[ˌeərə'nɔ:tɪkl] (23451/26577)
Back: adj. 航空（学）的
分布：航空的(44%)，航空学的(42%)，=aeronautic.(14%)
adj. [航] 航空的；航空学的；飞机驾驶员的（等于aeronautic）
 - aviatic, aerial

Word: aggregation
Front: aggregation
[ˌæɡrɪ'ɡeɪʃn] (托 17277/13116)
Vocabulary: aggregation
(once / 4286 pages)
n
An aggregation is a collection, or the gathering of things together. Your baseball card collection might represent the aggregation of lots of different types of cards.
Aggregation comes from the Latin ad, meaning to, and gregare, meaning herd. So the word was first used to literally mean to herd or to flock. Now it's just refers to anything herded together in a collection or assemblage. If you work in a lab, for example, you may be charged with the aggregation of samples prior to experimentation.
WORD FAMILY
aggregation: aggregations+/ aggregate: aggregated, aggregately, aggregates, aggregating, aggregation, aggregative, aggregator/aggregator: aggregators
USAGE EXAMPLES
The genes encode proteins that facilitate virus entry into human cells, and one that mediates cell aggregation, which allows the virus to spread between cells.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
Online, we traffic in algorithms, aggregations and demographic data sets, the pseudoscientific dressing for old habits of generalization and stereotyping.
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
“The consumer is benefited from the aggregation,” he said.
New York Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 聚集; 集成; 集结; 聚集体
分布：聚合(82%)，集合(14%)，集合体(4%)
聚集物(aggregate+ion)[greg=group,表示"群体"]
ADJ
总计的；合计的
An aggregate amount or score is made up of several smaller amounts or scores added together.
例：The rate of growth of GNP will depend upon the rate of growth of aggregate demand...国民生产总值的增长率将取决于总需求的增长率。
例：England have beaten the Welsh three times in succession with an aggregate score of 83-12.英格兰队已经连续3次打败威尔士队，总比分为83比12。
N-COUNT
（人或事物的）集合，集合体
An aggregate is a number of people or things that are being considered as a single thing.
例：...society viewed as an aggregate of individuals.被看成个体集合的社会
VERB
合计;总计;汇集
If amounts or things are aggregated, they are added together and considered as a single amount or thing.
例：Different economies, with different currencies, should not be aggregated to produce uniform policies...不同的经济有着不同的货币，不应该视为一体以制定出统一的政策。
例：We should never aggregate votes to predict results under another system.我们绝对不可将选票相加来预测另一种制度下的选举结果。
PHRASE
整体上;总共;作为总体
If a number of different things or amounts are considered in aggregate, or in the aggregate, they are considered as a single thing or amount.
例：Expenses are deductible only to the extent that in aggregate they exceed 7 percent of gross income.只有在消费总额超过总收入的7%时才可免税。
PHRASE
总得分
If one team beats another on aggregate, it wins because it has a higher total score than the other team after a series of games.
例：United won 5-3 on aggregate.联队以总比分5比3胜出。
n. [地质] [数] 聚合， [昆] 聚集；聚集体，集合体
 - collection, polymerization, clustering, gather

Word: acerbic
Front: acerbic
[əˈsɜ:bɪk] (宝 23834/32859)
Vocabulary: acerbic
(once / 22176 pages)
1adj 2adj
If you say something acerbic, or harshly bitter, to someone, it can leave a bitter taste in your own mouth that lingers, and the acerbic, or acidic, words can eat away at the person on the receiving end too.
It is fitting that the first part of acerbic sounds like the first part of "acid," because the Latin source of acerbic is acerbus, "sour-tasting." Acerbic speech is like acid, because it is sour and corrodes, or weakens, relationships. There are ways to use sharp words for humor, and some comedians are known for their "acerbic wit," but just as you would take safety precautions in using acid in a science lab, you should be cautious using acerbic in conversation.
WORD FAMILY
acerbic: acerbically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Palin appeared to deny the false story in a Facebook post earlier this month, posting a shot of that story with an acerbic comment.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
She was acerbic, flamboyant, she kicked against tradition and sometimes won.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
David Thomson’s new book “Television: A Biography” is an ambitious survey of television’s history by an astute and acerbic critic.
Seattle Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: adj. 酸的，尖刻的; 酸性
分布：酸的(63%)，尖酸的(37%)
→词根acer, 尖的，酸的。-b为插入字母，同number.
【记】acerbity[SAT]（n 苦涩，刻薄）；acerb（adj 酸涩的，刻薄的）读：a涩bic－苦涩的
【反】acerbity－saccharin（n 糖精）
US [-'sɝ:-] formal
adjective
■describes something that is spoken or written in a way that is direct, clever and cruel 尖刻的；辛辣的
• The letters show the acerbic wit for which Parker was both admired and feared. 信的字里行间流露着派克的辛辣谐趣，这一点让人们对他既欣赏又惧怕。
adj. 尖刻的（等于acerb）；酸的；辛辣的
 - acid, bitter

Word: animator
Front: animator
[ˈænɪmeɪtə(r)] (19390/36797)
Vocabulary: animator
(once / 25202 pages)
n
If you're an animator, you're an artist who makes a drawing, clay figure, or digital image appear to move. Animators draw the images that make your favorite cartoon character seem to walk and talk.
It used to be that an animator drew a series of images on paper that would appear as continuous movement when they were viewed in quick succession. Now there are many different kinds of animation, including claymation, in which clay figures are repeatedly filmed, adjusted, and filmed again, seeming to move independently thanks to animators. The Latin root word is animare, "give breath to," from anima, "life."
WORD FAMILY
animator: animators+/ animate: animated, animateness, animates, animating, animatingly, animation, animator, inanimate, reanimate / animated: animatedly, unanimated/ animation: animations/ inanimate: inanimately, inanimateness/ reanimate: reanimated, reanimates, reanimating
USAGE EXAMPLES
There’s a little bit of animation in your music video work, but did you consider yourself an animator?
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Animators mirrored the textures and shapes that Keats created with his cutouts, stamps and other techniques.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 05, 2016)
She said animators try to find the essence of a character and then exaggerate those features.
Seattle Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 动画片绘制者
分布：鼓舞者(40%)，赋与生气者(40%)，漫画制作者(20%)
US [-tˌɚ] noun countable
■someone who makes animated films, drawings, puppets or models 动画片绘制者
• Walt Disney is the most famous animator of feature-length films. 华特·迪士尼是最著名的可达到正片长度的动画片绘制者。

Word: slaver
Front: slaver
[ˈsleɪvə(r)] (宝 27503/35492)
Back: n. 口水; 奉承; <史>贩运奴隶的船; 胡言
vi. 流口水; 垂涎，极想得到
时态：slavered, slavering, slavers
分布：淌口水(37%)，垂涎(27%)，口水(18%)，胡言乱语(9%)，恭维奉承(9%)
→slave,贩卖奴隶，-er,人。
【记】slave（n 奴隶），r：奴隶的正面特征就是留着口水奉承。
【参】slobber（v 淌口水；n 口水）
US [-ɚ] verb intransitive
■(especially of an animal) to allow liquid to come out of the mouth, especially because of excitement or hunger （尤指动物因兴奋或饥饿）垂涎，流口水
• The dog slavered with excitement when told it was time for a walk. 那条狗得知要去散步时，兴奋得直流口水。
■disapproving
■to show great interest or excitement in someone or something, in a way that is unpleasant to other people 渴望，垂涎
• Stop slavering over that guitar, Stephen! 不要再肖想那把吉他了，斯蒂芬！
UK ['sleɪ.vər] US [-vɚ] noun countable
■in the past, a ship used for carrying slaves , or a person who sold slaves （旧时的）贩奴船，奴隶贩子
n. 口水；奴隶贩卖船；奴隶商人；谄媚；诱骗女子为娼者
 - flattery, obsequiousness
vi. 淌口水
 - drivel

Word: receptacle
Front: receptacle
[rɪˈseptəkl] (托宝 18066/20674)
Vocabulary: receptacle
(once / 1778 pages)
n
A receptacle is a container that's used for holding or storing things. If you are having a party on a rainy day, you can put a receptacle outside your door for your guests' umbrellas.
The noun receptacle means any kind of container. For example, a trash receptacle holds your garbage and a receptacle for loose change can keep you from scattering coins all over your house. In botany, receptacle refers to the part of a stem that holds a plant's organs. The word receptacle comes from the Latin root word receptaculum, which describes a place to receive and store things.
WORD FAMILY
receptacle: receptacles
USAGE EXAMPLES
On the meal line, it’s Izzy’s job to fill one tray receptacle with whatever is on the menu that day.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
I was never “team Logan,” and I believe strongly that he is simply blond evil slime animating a human-shaped receptacle.
New York Times(Nov 29, 2016)
“We’re not passive receptacles for bigotry; we fight back, we stand up for our rights,” she says of the video.
The Guardian(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: n. 容器，放置物品的地方
分布：容器(50%)，插座(28%)，花托(22%)
→来自 receive,接收，收到，-pt,过去分词格，-acle,名词后缀。
容器(re再＋cept+acle东西→拿东西的东西→容器)[cap,capt,cept,ceive,cip,cup=take,hold,seize,表示"拿,抓,握住"]
容器(recept接受)[-acle表名词"…物品,状态"]
【记】源于：recept接受，acle东西一接受东西的东西－容器
formal
noun countable
■a container used for storing or putting objects in 容器；贮存器；储藏器
• Householders are given four separate receptacles for their rubbish. 给每家每户发了四个不同的容器来存放垃圾。
n. [植] 花托；容器；插座
 - container, vessel, jack, pocket

Word: handicraft
Front: handicraft
[ˈhændikrɑ:ft] (托 23494/21053)
Vocabulary: handicraft
(once / 3577 pages)
n
Something you make with your own hands, especially an ornament or decoration, is a handicraft. You might buy some local handicrafts on your trip to Mexico, like woven bags or handmade toys, as gifts for your family.
Things that are made with machines or on a large scale aren't considered handicrafts. Instead, items made by artisans like pottery, handwoven blankets, handmade jewelry, and quilts stitched by hand are all examples of handicrafts. The word comes from the Old English handcræft, "skill of the hand," and was probably modeled after handiwork.
WORD FAMILY
handicraft: handicrafts
USAGE EXAMPLES
He moonlights as a driver and carpenter and sells handicrafts.
The Guardian(Dec 03, 2016)
This artisan market houses dozens of stalls offering traditional handicrafts at decent prices – hammocks, glassware, baskets, sombreros, textiles and silver jewellery from Taxco.
The Guardian(Nov 11, 2016)
These crafty types agreed, however, that the long hours and messy houses are worth it for the joy of sharing their unique handicrafts with others.
Washington Times(Nov 09, 2016)
Back: n. 手工艺; 手工艺品; 手工业者; 手工艺人
分布：手工艺品(62%)，手艺(26%)，技巧(12%)
→hand,手，craft,手艺，工艺。
US [-kræfts] noun countable usually plural
■a skilled activity in which something is made in a traditional way with the hands rather than being produced by machines in a factory, or an object made by such an activity 手工艺；手工艺品
n. 手工艺；手工艺品
 - artifact

Word: curmudgeonly
Front: curmudgeonly
[kɜ:'mʌdʒənlɪ] (33272/-)
Vocabulary: curmudgeonly
(once / 71633 pages)
adj
When you're curmudgeonly, you come across as very grumpy and unfriendly. A curmudgeonly teacher answers students' questions in a cranky and inapproachable way.
Waiting in a long, curmudgeonly line isn't much fun, since everyone around you seems irritable. Your own curmudgeonly mood might cause you to snap at your friends and complain about the weather, despite the fact that it's a beautiful day. The origin of the related noun curmudgeon is a mystery, although some experts guess at a connection to cur, or "dog."
WORD FAMILY
curmudgeon: curmudgeonly, curmudgeons
USAGE EXAMPLES
Morella: As an actor you get to plunge yourself into the darker curmudgeonly aspect, and early on I don’t think there’s a limit to it.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
But even with the no-guff Lendl in his camp, he has had no shortage of curmudgeonly moments.
New York Times(Nov 10, 2016)
Thoreau’s curmudgeonly presence floated above Greif’s childhood in the Massachusetts suburbs, not far from the site of the transcendentalist’s one-room cabin.
Slate(Nov 08, 2016)
Back: adj. 小气的，不和悦的
分布：不和悦的(50%)，小气的(50%)
adj. 不和悦的；小气的
 - cheap, petty

Word: crossbreed
Front: crossbreed
['krɔ:sbri:d] (38021/-)
Vocabulary: crossbreed
(once / 52765 pages)
nv
A crossbreed is an animal or plant that’s a mixture of two different breeds or types. To crossbreed is to produce a creature of this type. If you crossbreed a lion and a tiger, you make a liger.
Geneticists, who study DNA, make crossbreeds when they mix parents with different genes to create a new type of offspring. Often such crossbreeds are new kinds of plants. Different animals can be mixed to create crossbreeds, too. A common example of a crossbreed is with dog breeds, like when a poodle and a schnauzer are bred to create a schnoodle.
WORD FAMILY
crossbreed: crossbred, crossbreeding, crossbreeds+/bred: ill-bred, underbred/ breed: bred, breeded, breeder, breeding, breeds, crossbreed, interbreed/breeder: breeders/breeding: breedings, ill-breeding, inbreeding/inbreeding: inbreedings/interbreed: interbred, interbreeding, interbreeds
USAGE EXAMPLES
Blunt compared the fledgling power structure to a “hybrid vigor,” when animals are crossbred to create a superior species.
Washington Post(Nov 19, 2016)
He has continually crossbred chickens from different nations to create a hybrid that is ever more robust in health and spectacular in physical attributes.
New York Times(Oct 26, 2016)
"We strongly encourage people to choose a healthier breed or a crossbreed instead."
BBC(Sep 20, 2016)
Back: n. 杂交动物; 杂种
分布：杂种(100%)
US ['krɑ:s-] noun countable
■an animal or plant that is a mixture of breeds and is therefore a new variety (= type of plant or animal) （动植物的）杂交品种
vi. 杂交繁育
 - cross breeding
n. [遗] 杂种
 - hybrid, cowson

Word: cubist

Word: copier
Front: copier
[ˈkɒpiə(r)] (18883/23366)
Back: n. 复印机
分布：复印机(88%)，抄写员(9%)，抄袭者(3%)
US ['kɑ:.pi.ɚ] noun countable
■a photocopier 影印机
n. [印刷] 复印机（等于copying machine）；抄写员；模仿者
 - manifdder, duplicating macline

Word: concierge
Front: concierge
[ˈkɒnsieəʒ] (15630/39165)
Vocabulary: concierge
(once / 4159 pages)
n
A concierge works at a hotel helping guests make restaurant reservations, get directions, or anything else they need assistance with. If you were staying at a hotel, the concierge could recommend where to find the best coffee in town.
A helpful concierge is one of the perks of a nice hotel; the concierge's job isn't to carry your bags or check you in, but she will help you with almost anything else, including buying tickets and making reservations for you. The root of concierge is the Latin word conservus, or "fellow slave," which makes sense when you think about how hard a concierge works to make hotel guests happy.
WORD FAMILY
concierge: concierges
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Vornado experiment includes a concierge and other amenities that typically are not available in corporate rentals.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
So proud was the concierge of the armored Cadillac that he tried to sell Mr. Gerstman one of his own.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Amenities include a doorman, concierge, fitness center and a swimming pool.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 看门人，门房
分布：门房(66%)，看门人(29%)，金钥匙服务(5%)
→来自法语。con-, 强调。-cierge, 同serve, 服务。
US [kɑ:n.si'erʒ] noun countable
■a person who is employed to take care of an apartment building, especially in France （尤指法国的）大楼管理员，看门人
■someone who is employed in a hotel to help guests arrange things, such as theatre tickets and visits to restaurants （帮助客人安排戏票、餐馆等事宜的）旅馆服务台职员
US
■someone employed by a large company to do jobs, such as shopping, for other employees while they are working 大型公司雇来为其他员工办事（如采购）的雇员
n. 门房；看门人
 - porter, gatehouse

Word: comatose
Front: comatose
[ˈkəʊmətəʊs] (宝 19074/32753)
Vocabulary: comatose
(once / 19634 pages)
adj
Being comatose is being in a coma, unconscious and unable to communicate, often for long periods of time. A bad illness or unexpected accident or injury — especially to the head — can make you comatose and trapped inside a body that isn't working.
Comatose comes from the Greek kōma, "deep sleep." When you're in a deep sleep, your body is still and you don't respond to things around you. Being comatose means being in that sleepy, unresponsive state and not being able to get out of it. A much less serious use of this adjective is as a description for getting really tired while doing or watching something, like when you feel comatose after a chemistry lecture — assuming chemistry's not your thing.
WORD FAMILY
comatose: comatoseness, semicomatose
USAGE EXAMPLES
The talks, as he put it, are comatose, with no prospects of advancing negotiations in any new areas over the next few months.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 01, 2016)
It left me drooling and nearly comatose; I had to sleep 16 to 18 hours a day.
New York Times(Nov 23, 2016)
Jones has been sharing the photos and messages with Addison, who has been comatose for about four weeks.
Washington Times(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 昏迷的; 不省人事的; 昏昏沉沉的; 昏昏欲睡的
分布：昏迷的(67%)，昏睡状态的(33%)
→来自coma, 昏迷。
US ['koʊ.mə.toʊs] adjective specialized
■in a coma 不省人事的，昏迷的
■informal
■very tired or in a deep sleep because of extreme tiredness, hard work or too much alcohol （因极度疲倦、劳累或酗酒而）极困倦的，昏睡的
• By midnight I was virtually comatose. 到了午夜时分，我差不多昏睡过去了。
adj. [医] 昏迷的；昏睡状态的；麻木的；怠惰的
 - stupid, asleep, lazy

Word: colloquial
Front: colloquial
[kəˈləʊkwiəl] (托宝 23240/20968)
Vocabulary: colloquial
(once / 4076 pages)
adj
Colloquial language is casual and conversational: it's the difference between "What are you going to do?" and "Whatchagonnado?"
The word colloquial comes from the Latin word colloquium, which means "speaking together." The roots are the prefix com-, which means "together," and the suffix -loqu, which means "speak." Some may think that colloquial language is not good, when in fact it may just not be appropriate for the context. While it is OK to be colloquial and chatty with friends, it is not acceptable to be colloquial in an essay for school or work.
WORD FAMILY
colloquial: colloquialism, colloquially+/ colloquialism: colloquialisms
USAGE EXAMPLES
In some respects, Sisi is a natural politician, and his speeches, delivered in colloquial Arabic, often impress average Egyptians as sincere and sympathetic.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
“At first he was careless and colloquial. Weeks later, he was curt and more calculating,” he said.
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
The colloquial version of this condition is called the “yips,” but some players use a more ominous name: The Thing.
Los Angeles Times(Oct 24, 2016)
Back: adj. 口语的，会话的
分布：口语的(58%)，会话的(42%)
→col-, 强调。-loq, 说话，词源同locution, loquacious.
口语的(col+loqu说+ial→两人一起说→口语会话的)[col-,cor在同辅音词根前,表示"共同"]
口语的(col共同+loqu+ial→共同说→口语)[loqu,locu=speak,表示"说话"]
【记】col共同，1oqu说－共同说的话－口语的
【参】colloquialism（n 俗话，口语）；
US [-'loʊ-] specialized
adjective
■(of words and expressions) informal and more suitable for use in speech than in writing （词语或表达方式）口语的，俗语的，非正式的
• colloquial speech 口语
adj. 白话的；通俗的；口语体的
 - popular, informal, pop

Word: approximate
Front: approximate
[əˈprɒksɪmət] (研四六托雅宝 11835/9895 -K2)
Vocabulary: approximate
(once / 486 pages)
adjv
To approximate is to calculate the value of something based on informed knowledge. A computer program can approximate the value of a house based on square footage, number of rooms, year built, and other relevant factors.
As a verb, approximate means "to estimate." Unlike the word guess, approximate implies the use of a logical or mathematical method. You might guess how tall a friend is based on the first number that comes to mind, but you could approximate his height by using your own height as a comparison. As an adjective, approximate can mean "near" or "close together." If your friend calls to say he’s at a location approximate to your house, she’s in your neighborhood.
WORD FAMILY
approximate: approximated, approximately, approximates, approximating, approximation, approximative+/ approximation: approximations/approximative: approximatively
USAGE EXAMPLES
All you need is a picture of what is to be hit, and an approximate location, for Spice to find and hit it.
Economist(Dec 01, 2016)
It is no secret the state’s three pro teams have turned this into something approximating the Natural Florida Losers league in recent years.
The Guardian(Nov 30, 2016)
Police say the jawbone was not found, so the artist had to approximate the appearance of the young man’s chin and lower jaw.
Washington Times(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 约莫的，大概的; 极相似的; [植]相近但不连接的
vi. 接近于; 近似于
vt. 靠近; 使接近; 使结合
时态：approximated, approximating, approximates
分布：接近(51%)，近似的(34%)，大约的(10%)，约等于(5%)
→前缀ap-同ad-.词根prop, 接近，向前，pro的扩大形式。-m, 最高级后缀.
接近大约的(ap一再+proxim+ate→不断靠近→接近)[proxim=close,near,表示"接近,靠近"]
a.近似的vi.(to)接近My intimate mate's ultimate estimate approximates the appropriate value.我亲密伙伴的最终估计接近恰当的值.
【记】ap一再，proxim接近－大约的
US [-ˈprɑːk]
 ADVANCED
■not completely accurate but close 大致的，大约的，大概的
• The train's approximate time of arrival is 10.30. 这列火车大概在10点30分到站。
• The approximate cost will be about $600. 费用大约为600美元。
• Can you give me an approximate idea of the numbers involved? 你能粗略地告诉我参与的人数吗？
verb intransitive + adverb or preposition transitive UK [əˈprɒk.sɪ.meɪt] US [-ˈprɑːk-] formal
■to be almost the same as 接近，近似
• The newspaper reports of the discussion only roughly approximated to (= were not exactly the same as) what was actually said. 报纸关于这次商讨的报导并不完全符合实际。
• Student numbers this year are expected to approximate 5000 (= to be about 5000). 预计今年学生人数可达5000人左右。
vi. 接近于； [数] 近似于
 - close to, border on
adj. [数] 近似的；大概的
 - near, broad, round

Word: antelope
Front: antelope
[ˈæntɪləʊp] (11524/21778)
Vocabulary: antelope
(once / 1415 pages)
n
An antelope is an animal that resembles a deer, with four legs, hooves, and antlers. Most antelopes live in Africa.
You might see an antelope if you visit a zoo or an exotic game ranch, though their native habitats are the African savannahs or the plains of Asia. Antelopes are fast, with long, slender legs and sleek bodies, and the species includes many different animals, including gazelles. The Greek root of antelope is antholops, a mythical horned creature possibly named for its long eyelashes, from anthos, "flower," and ops, "eye."
WORD FAMILY
antelope: antelopes
USAGE EXAMPLES
Many elk, mule deer and antelope in Wyoming wear electronic data collars as researchers study how animals move across the landscape.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
In the Antelope Valley, temperatures are expected to dip into the mid- to low teens, Sukut said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Antelope grazed in the distance during the signing event at dusk on a Gorongosa plain.
Seattle Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 羚羊; 羚羊皮革
分布：羚羊(96%)，羚羊皮革(4%)
→俗词源：词根anth, 花。词根op, 眼，见optical. 形容该动物花一样的眼睛。
US [-tˌəl.oʊp] (plural antelope or antelopes)
noun countable
■a mammal like a deer with horns and long thin legs which allow it to run very fast 羚羊
• a herd of antelope 一群羚羊
n. [脊椎] 羚羊；羚羊皮革
 - bushbuck, antilope

Word: amalgamate
Front: amalgamate
[əˈmælgəmeɪt] (托宝 30000/11735 -1)
Vocabulary: amalgamate
(once / 2430 pages)
vadj
To amalgamate is to combine different things to create something new. Institutions — such as banks, schools, or hospitals — often join forces and amalgamate with one other. But other things — like musical genres — get amalgamated as well.
The verb amalgamate original referred specifically to the mixture of metals, now however, it refers to any mixing or blending. A school board might decide to amalgamate two schools into one school due to a decrease in the student population, but amalgamating their mascots would be impossible.
WORD FAMILY
amalgamate: amalgamated, amalgamates, amalgamating, amalgamation, amalgamator+/ amalgam: amalgamate, amalgams/ amalgamation: amalgamations/amalgamator: amalgamators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sonically, Michael’s music was modern and progressive, and effortlessly amalgamated rock, funk, soul, R&B and dance.
Salon(Dec 26, 2016)
The writer is second vice president of the Amalgamated Transit Union Local 689.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
And so the taxonomic order Cetartiodactyla was named, amalgamating deer and dolphins.
The Guardian(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 混合，合并，融合，联合; [冶]使（金属）与水银混合，使（金属）汞齐化
时态：amalgamated, amalgamating, amalgamates
分布：合并(79%)，混合(21%)
【记】来自单词amalgam（n 汞合金，混合物）
【反】separate（v 分离）；isolate（v 隔离）；disintegrate（vt 使分解）
verb intransitive or transitive
■to join or unite to form a larger organization or group, or to make separate organizations do this （使）联合，（使）合并
• The electricians' union is planning to amalgamate with the technicians' union. 电工工会正计划与技工工会合并。
• The different offices will be amalgamated as/into employment advice centres. 这几家不同的事务所将合并成为就业指导中心。
vi. 合并；汞齐化；调制汞合金
 - incorporate with, merge
vt. 合并；使（金属）汞齐化；混合
 - compound, merge

Word: ave

Word: attribution
Front: attribution
[ˌætrɪ'bju:ʃn] (7866/16717)
Vocabulary: attribution
(once / 12574 pages)
n
"A wise man once said..." Ever wonder who said that famous quotation? Then you're curious about its attribution. An attribution identifies a source or cause of something — in this case, the person who first said the quote.
Attribution often involves identifying the author or source of written material or a work of art. If you want to prove that painting you found in your basement is a van Gogh, you'd produce evidence to ensure proper attribution. The word can be used more generally to indicate the source of anything, whether it's a bombing, climate change, or success. For example, attribution of your success might be hard work and the support of family and friends.
WORD FAMILY
attribution: attributions+/ attributable: unattributable/ attribute: attributable, attributed, attributes, attributing, attribution, attributive, reattribute/attributive: attributively/reattribute: reattributes
USAGE EXAMPLES
He further added: “It would’ve helped, really, to publish a thorough, precise, historically informed and technically honest attribution report in plain English.”
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
In fact, experts are getting better at the science of “climate attribution,” as a new report from the American Meteorological Society shows.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
"We did attribution back to the Russian government," Shawn Henry of CrowdStrike told me before the election.
BBC(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 归属; 归因; 属性; 归属物
分布：归属(51%)，属性(49%)
属性,归因[tribut=give,表示"给予"]
noun uncountable
■when something is attributed to a particular person or thing, for example when it is said to be the work of someone else or the result of something else 归因；归属
• The usual attribution of the work to Leonardo is now disputed by several experts. 一般认为这幅作品出自莱昂纳多的手笔，但现在这种说法受到了数位专家的质疑。
n. 归因；属性；归属
 - ascription, attributes property attributes

Word: armament
Front: armament
[ˈɑ:məmənt] (托 16549/11869 -1)
Vocabulary: armament
(once / 1329 pages)
n
Use the noun armament to talk about the kind of weapons that armies use when they wage wars. A tank, for example, is an armament.
The word armament is good for describing heavy duty weaponry and the equipment that's associated with it, like bombs, fighter jets, tanks, and assault rifles. It's even more common to use the plural form, armaments. In the seventeenth century, the word was mainly used to mean "naval force equipped for war," and it comes from the Latin root armare, "to arm, or to furnish with weapons."
WORD FAMILY
armament: armaments+/ arm: armament, armed, armful, arming, armless, armlet, armlike, armor, arms, disarm, forearm, overarm, re-arm, rearm, unarm, underarm/ armful: armfuls/arming: armings/armlet: armlets/ armor: armored, armorer, armoring, armors/armored: unarmored/armorer: armorers/ disarm: disarmament, disarmed, disarmer, disarming, disarms/disarmament: disarmaments/disarmer: disarmers/ disarming: disarmingly, disarmings/forearm: forearmed, forearming, forearms/rearm: rearmament, rearmed, rearming, rearms/rearmament: rearmaments/unarm: unarmed, unarming, unarms/underarm: underarms
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was the symbolic strength of his movement, not the armaments under Mr. Castro’s control, that overwhelmed the government.
New York Times(Nov 26, 2016)
“And you get to work on something with armaments, not just commercial jets with passengers flying on them.”
Washington Times(Nov 13, 2016)
With better armaments and financing compared to regular army units, it carries out raids and arrests among suspected al-Qaida militants.
Seattle Times(Nov 10, 2016)
Back: n. 军备; 武器装备; [复]军事力量; 军队
分布：武器(55%)，军备(35%)，备战(10%)
军队;兵器(arm+a+ment→武器→兵器)[arm=weapon,表示"武器"]
US ['ɑ:r-] noun
uncountable
■the process of increasing the number and strength of a country's weapons 武装；战备
• As the country prepares for war, more and more money is being spent on armament. 这个国家准备开战，军备开支越来越大。
armaments [plural]
■weapons or military equipment 武器；军备
• the country's armaments programme 这个国家的军备计划
arms, wepon, armament
这些名词均含有“武器、兵器”之意。
arms: 指士兵使用的具体的武器，如枪、炮等。
wepon: 普通用词，含义广泛，从随手可得的棍棒石头到各种枪炮，甚至原子弹等都可称为weapon，还可作引申用。
armament: 多用复数形式，指军队的武器装备。书面用词。
n. 武器； [军] 军备
 - weapon, arm