Title: TheEconomist_6K-8K

Word: sideline
Front: sideline
[ˈsaɪdlaɪn] (7272/11315 -1)
Back: n. 副业，兼职; （球场等的）边线; （本业以外的）兼售商品; 局外人的观点
vt. 使退出
时态：sidelined, sidelining, sidelines
分布：副业(91%)，附带出售的商品(3%)，使退出比赛(3%)，把…排挤在核心之外(3%)
→side,边，侧，line,线，职业。比喻用法。
noun countable
JOB 工作
■an activity that you do as well as your main job 副业，兼职工作
• Jim works in a bank, but teaches French in the evenings as a sideline. 吉姆在银行工作，但他在晚上兼职教法语。
['saɪd.laɪn] noun countable
SPORT 运动 mainly US a line that shows the position of the side areas of play, especially for football （尤指橄榄球场地上的）边线
• The ball fell just inside/on/outside the sideline. 球正好落在了边线内／上／外。
['saɪd.laɪn] noun countable
on/from the sidelines
■If you are on the sidelines or do something from the sidelines, you are not actively involved in something 旁观；不参与
• Our party has been on the political sidelines for too long - we must now work towards getting into power. 我们的政党在野时间太长——我们现在必须争取掌权。
• She could only watch from the sidelines as her brother's health deteriorated. 她只能眼睁睁地看着弟弟的健康恶化下去。
['saɪd.laɪn] verb transitive
■If a sports player is sidelined they are prevented from playing or competing, and can only watch 使退出比赛，使停止参赛
• Johnson has been sidelined through injury. 约翰逊因伤退出了比赛。
■to stop someone taking an active and important part in something 使靠边；使不再发挥重要作用；排挤
• The minister was sidelined after he criticized party policy. 该部长批评政党的政策后遭到了排挤。
n. 副业；球场边线；局外人的观点
 - avocation, bywork
adj. 倾斜的
 - gradient, raked, slopy

Word: virtuous
Front: virtuous
[ˈvɜ:tʃuəs] (托雅宝 12389/14599 -1)
Vocabulary: virtuous
(once / 434 pages)
1adj 2adj
Virtuous is “good” with a halo. If you call someone virtuous, you are saying that person is living according to high moral standards. Someone virtuous is who you want leading your Girl Scout troop.
When you use virtuous to describe an action, like, "Your decision to cancel your vacation plans when your mom got sick was virtuous," it’s almost as though you’re referring to an ideal of goodness. In past centuries, virtuous was synonymous with virginal. In many 18th century English novels, for example, a woman didn't even have to be all that nice to be called virtuous; it just mattered that she was sexually innocent.
WORD FAMILY
virtuous: virtuosity, virtuousest, virtuously, virtuousness+/ virtue: virtues, virtuous / virtuosity: virtuosities
USAGE EXAMPLES
"The Stop Slavery Award wants to start a virtuous circle by proving that corporations play a key role in the fight against slavery," she added.
Reuters(Nov 30, 2016)
The hustle and stress of the holidays can throw even the most virtuous eaters off course.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 24, 2016)
The magical thinking went like this: One could lead a virtuous life, modeling Christ’s humility, but however morally upright, it would never be enough.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 有道德的，有德行的; 善良的; 贞洁的; 有效力的
分布：有品德的(38%)，有德行的(33%)，贞洁的(29%)
【记】源于：virtue（n 美德；优点）
【反】nefarious（adj 邪恶的）；base（adj 卑鄙的）
US ['vɝ:-] adjective
■having good moral qualities and behaviour 道德高尚的；拥有美德的；品行端正的
• He described them as a virtuous and hard-working people. 他将他们描述成一个品德高尚、勤劳善良的民族。
■disapproving
■describes a person who thinks himself or herself morally better than other people 自命清高的，自命不凡的
• I'm convinced he only does that charity work so he can feel virtuous. 我确信他做那份慈善工作只是为了让自己感觉比别人高尚。
adj. 善良的；有道德的；贞洁的；正直的；有效力的
 - straight, square, just

Word: tyranny
Front: tyranny
[ˈtɪrəni] (六宝 9346/11557 -1)
Vocabulary: tyranny
(once / 358 pages)
n
Tyranny is a noun that describes a repressive and arbitrarily cruel regime. Don't accuse your mother of tyranny just because she won't let you play video games all weekend long.
One of the root words of tyranny is the Latin tyrannia which means the "rule of a tyrant" and a tyrant is a "cruel master." Today, it can mean the repressive regime of a dictator or it can also mean being controlled by something metaphorically harsh like time or work. Maybe the oldest example of a tyranny is that of Tyrannosaurus Rex, or "king of the giant lizards," who many of us grew up thinking was the largest, most predatory and frightening of the dinosaurs who supposedly ruled over the rest of the dinosaur world with its huge, sharp teeth and claws.
WORD FAMILY
tyranny: tyrannic, tyrannical, tyrannies+/tyrannic: tyrannically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Chamberlin wrote that by “singing for this man” the choir would appear to be “endorsing” tyranny and fascism, and its image would be “severely damaged.”
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
In it, she writes that by performing at the Jan. 20 inaugural, the 360-member choir will appear to be “endorsing tyranny and fascism.”
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Ms. Chamberlin said the choir’s reputation will be “severely damaged” by appearing to endorse a president who represents “tyranny” and “fascism.”
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 暴虐; 专横; 暴行
分布：暴政(70%)，专制(27%)，苛政(3%)
→来自 tyrant,暴君，-y,表行为。
【记】tyr提尔：挪威的战争神，anny＝annoy：又战争又使你苦恼－暴政
【参】tyrannical（adj 残暴的）；tyrant（n 暴君）
noun uncountable
■government by a ruler or small group of people who have unlimited power over the people in their country or state and use it unfairly and cruelly 暴政，专制统治
• This, the president promised us, was a war against tyranny. 总统向我们承诺，这是一场反对暴政的战争。
■when a situation or person controls how you are able to live, in an unfair way 暴虐，专横
• Women, the play seems to suggest, must resist the tyranny of domesticity. 这部戏似乎表明妇女必须抵制家务的束缚。
n. 暴政；专横；严酷；残暴的行为（需用复数）
 - peremptoriness, misrule

Word: marsh
Front: marsh
[mɑ:ʃ] (六托雅宝 6794/6540 -1)
Vocabulary: marsh
(once / 771 pages)
n
A marsh is an area in transition from land to water. It is a very bad idea to go walking in a marsh in your best shoes; try some fishing boots, or perhaps a boat.
The word marsh comes from the old Dutch word mere, for sea, and it means land that is sea-ish… not sea, but sea-ish, like most of Holland. Marshes can be found often where a river empties into the sea, or along the side of a low, flooded river. Another word for marsh is swamp. If you’re in trouble or just want to be alone, a marsh is a great place to hide: no one will follow you. Just don’t forget your galoshes.
WORD FAMILY
marsh: marshes, marshy +/ marshy: marshier
USAGE EXAMPLES
Eventually, he hopes to conduct research on the lesser marsh grasshopper, which lives near Chernobyl and seems to thrive on radiation.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Trout are fair while drifting deep bayous in the marsh.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Flounder are good on the falling tide around marsh drains on jigs tipped with shrimp.
Washington Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 沼泽，湿地
分布：沼泽(71%)，湿地(29%)
→来自Proto-Germanic*marisko,来自mori,海，湖泊，-iskos,形容词后缀。即湖泊状的，引申词义沼泽，湿地。
【记】读：妈湿－能使妈妈湿的地方－沼泽。
【反】arid（adj 干旱的）－marshy（adj 沼泽般的）
US [mɑ:rʃ] noun
countable or uncountable
■ground near a lake, river or the sea, that often floods and is always wet 沼泽；湿地
• At the mouth of the river is a large area of marsh. 河口处是一大片沼泽地。
• Rain had been falling steadily all day and the ground had become a marsh. 雨整天下个不停，地面成了一片泽国。
marshes [plural]
■a large area of marsh 沼泽地带
• At low tide in the estuary, cows graze on the marshes. 河口水位低时，牛就在那里的沼泽地上吃草。
n. 沼泽； [地理] 湿地
 - wetland, cienaga
adj. [地理] 沼泽的；生长在沼泽地的
 - palustrine, swampy

Word: espouse
Front: espouse
[ɪˈspaʊz] (宝 9966/11682 -1)
Vocabulary: espouse
(once / 1387 pages)
1v 2v
Use the verb espouse to describe the actions of someone who lives according to specific beliefs, such as your friends who espouse environmentalism and as a result walk whenever possible instead of taking the car.
You can see the word spouse in espouse, so you may be wondering what husbands and wives have to do with it. Originally espouse did mean "to marry," but its meaning has evolved to include other long-term commitments as well, such as support for a principle or a cause. Similar to marriage, if you espouse a belief system, the idea is that you've chosen to wed yourself to it.
WORD FAMILY
espouse: espousal, espoused, espouses, espousing+/ espousal: espousals
USAGE EXAMPLES
While coaches like to espouse “Next Man Up,’’ there’s a reason some players are paid one heck of a lot more than others.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
A new voice of authority joined the chorus espousing the inevitable need of Indiana’s crumbling road infrastructure.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
On the campaign trail, Donald Trump initially wavered when called to reject the group or its espoused values, refusing to immediately condemn it.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vt. 拥护; 赞助; 嫁娶
时态：espoused, espousing, espouses
分布：支持(65%)，嫁娶(19%)，赞成(16%)
→e-, 缓音字母。spouse, 配偶。比喻义相互扶持，相互支持。
【记】spouse（n 配偶）读：死抱死－死也要抱着死，太令人感动了，一对苦命的鸳鸯
【参】espousal（n 订婚；拥护）
【反】abjure（vt 公开发誓放弃）；repudiate（v 批判）
[es'paʊz] formal
verb transitive
■to become involved with or support an activity or opinion 投身（活动）；支持，拥护（观点）
• Vegetarianism is one cause she does not espouse. 她并不赞成素食主义。
vt. 支持；嫁娶；赞成；信奉
 - encourage, second, back, agree, carry

Word: wilderness
Front: wilderness
[ˈwɪldənəs] (雅 3718/7026 -2)
Vocabulary: wilderness
(once / 560 pages)
n
If you don’t mow your lawn all summer, don’t be surprised if your neighbors complain that it resembles a wilderness, a wild area that is not tended by humans.
The wilderness is of course filled with many animals, but did you know that the name of an animal is hidden in the word wilderness? The word actually is a combination of wild plus the Old English word dēor, along with the ending -ness, used in nouns that refer to a certain condition. While dēor eventually turned into our modern word deer, it didn’t refer to the antlered Bambi we imagine. It was simply the word for “animal.”
WORD FAMILY
wilderness: wildernesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
The reality is that with this win, USC emerged from eight years in the probation-cluttered wilderness to become a force in college football again.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“And it is wilderness, world-class wilderness. We think it’s due a big year.”
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Although set in Australia with vivid wilderness descriptions, his theme that you “attempt to tame nature at your peril” is universal.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 荒野; （草木丛生的）荒地; 不再当政（或掌权）; 令人困惑的东西
分布：荒野(88%)，荒地(12%)
→来自wild,荒野的，狂野的。
US [-dɚ-] noun countable usually singular
■an area of land that has not been used to grow crops or had towns and roads built on it, especially because it is difficult to live in as a result of its extremely cold or hot weather or bad earth 荒无人烟的地区；荒野
• a beautiful mountain wilderness 美丽的山野
• Alaska is the last great wilderness. 阿拉斯加州是最后一片大荒原。
• mainly US It's a wilderness area , under the protection of the Parks Department. 这是一片受公园管理部门保护的荒野。
■an outside area in which plants are left to grow naturally or untidily （杂草丛生的）荒地
• The garden was a wilderness of weeds and overgrown bushes. 这个花园一片荒芜，满是杂草和丛生的灌木。
UK ['wɪl.də.nəs] US [-dɚ-] noun countable usually singular
in the wilderness
■If someone, such as a politician, is in the wilderness, they no longer have a position of authority and are not now in the news （政治家）远离权力和活动中心，在野
• After five years in the political wilderness, she was recalled to be foreign minister. 在野5年之后，她被重新召回担任外交部长。
n. 荒地；大量，茫茫一片
 - lots of, wealth, ocean, sea, body

Word: bode
Front: bode
[bəʊd] (宝 15027/19110 -1)
Vocabulary: bode
(once / 730 pages)
v
The verb bode suggests forecasting. Something bodes well when the clues or signs imply a favorable outcome. But if something bodes ill, you’d better watch out!
Something might bode good fortune, or it could bode disaster. The word, which can be traced back to the Old English bodian "to announce, foretell," is also found in the adjective foreboding, which means "ominous, boding ill."
WORD FAMILY
bode: boded, bodes, boding, forebode+/boding: bodings/forebode: foreboded, forebodes, foreboding / foreboding: forebodingly, forebodings
USAGE EXAMPLES
But his campaign suggestions - more deep space exploration, less Earth science - seem to bode well for Alabama and for Marshall Space Flight Center.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
This all doesn’t bode well for Western Michigan on Monday.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
None of these boded well for investor sentiment or subsequent returns.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 预兆，预告
时态：boded, boding, bodes
分布：预示(95%)，为……的兆头(5%)
→来自PIE *bheudh, 意识，觉醒。词源同Buddha.
【记】读：ball－巫师预测用的水晶球，bode本身就是词根“预示”
【参】forebode（v 预言），bodement（n 预示）
【反】auspicious（adj 吉祥的）－boding ill（凶兆的）
US [boʊd] formal
verb intransitive or transitive
■to be a sign of something that will happen in the future, usually something very good or bad 预示；预兆
• These recently published figures bode ill /do not bode well for the company's future. 最近公布的数字预示着公司的前景不妙。
• The hurricane bodes disaster for those areas in its path. 飓风预示着将给所经过的地区带来灾难。
vt. 预示；为…的兆头
 - indicate, forecast, shadow, announce
vi. 预示
 - spae

Word: maximise
Front: maximise
['mæksɪmaɪz] (-/7248)
Back: vt. 使（某事物）增至最大限度; 最大限度地利用（某事物）
时态：maximised, maximising, maximises
分布：尽量增大(67%)，把 ... 增加到最大限度(33%)

Word: malaise
Front: malaise
[məˈleɪz] (宝 15382/14854 -1)
Vocabulary: malaise
(once / 9883 pages)
n
If you are experiencing malaise, chances are you are feeling blue or looking green. Malaise is a slump; you're not feeling your best — either mentally or physically.
Mal is French for "bad," and aise means "ease." When experiencing malaise, ease yourself down on the couch to recover. Malaise is frequently used figuratively to describe slumps that other things go through as well. The 20-year economic malaise in Japan is one example, but you'll also hear of educational malaise, political malaise, and even "a general malaise." Wherever you turn, there's malaise.
WORD FAMILY
malaise: malaises
USAGE EXAMPLES
Jarvies’ report says leadership is lacking within the department and that a “sense of malaise and frustration” is harming camaraderie.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
While there was an air of malaise at the gathering about the impending venue crackdown, most of the panelists agreed that change was inevitable.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 17, 2016)
But that’s no protection at all against the malaise that fills the songs.
New York Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 不适，不舒服; 莫名的不安; 萎靡不振; 潜在的不满意识
分布：莫名的不安(50%)，身体不适(50%)
→来自古法语malaise,困难，忍受，痛苦，来自mal-,坏的，不良的，aise,轻松，简单，词源同ease,disease.引申词义生病，不适，不舒服。
【记】mal坏，aise＝ease舒服：不舒服ma妈妈，lai癞，se死：全身长癞－不舒服
noun [S or U] formal
■a general feeling of being ill or having no energy, or an uncomfortable feeling that something is wrong, especially with society, and that you cannot change the situation 身体不适；萎靡；心神不宁；（尤指对社会的）不满，无奈
• They claim it is a symptom of a deeper and more general malaise in society. 他们声称这表明了社会中人们更深层更广泛的不满。
• We were discussing the roots of the current economic malaise. 我们在讨论当前经济萎靡不振的根源。
n. 不舒服；心神不安
 - comfortlessness, unease

Word: caveat
Front: caveat
[ˈkæviæt] (宝 11411/15157)
Vocabulary: caveat
(once / 6671 pages)
n
A caveat is a warning. When someone adds a caveat to something they’re telling you to beware — maybe what they’re telling you comes with certain conditions or maybe there’s something dangerous lurking.
When your new friend gives you directions to her house, and then says, “The caveat is that when it snows the driveway turns into an ice rink,” she's warning you that your travels could be dangerous. Caveat is also a legal term for when a lawyer asks for a break in proceedings. If a lawyer issues a caveat, she's filing a formal notice to suspend a trial until her client gets a hearing.
WORD FAMILY
caveat: caveats
USAGE EXAMPLES
Kurt Svoboda, an athletics department spokesman, suggested that was an important caveat.
New York Times(Sep 09, 2016)
Even when the U.S. ratifies treaties, the government often adds a caveat that excludes protection of some basic rights.
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
This cautious optimism is tempered with a very big caveat, however …
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 警告，附加说明
分布：警告(95%)，防止误解的说明(5%)
【记】cave at：在你的手上cave一刀，看你再敢偷东西－警告
['kæv.i.æt] formal
noun countable
■a warning to consider something before acting further, or a statement which limits a more general statement; a proviso （进一步行动前的）警告，告诫；限制条款
• He agreed to the interview, with the caveat that he could approve the final article. 他答应会面，附带说他可能会同意最后一项条款。
n. 警告；中止诉讼手续的申请；货物出门概不退换；停止支付的广告
 - warning, admonition

Word: bullish
Front: bullish
[ˈbʊlɪʃ] (16504/20057 -1)
Back: adj. 公牛般的; 顽固的; [商]股票行情看涨的; 〈比喻〉乐观的
分布：看涨的(46%)，乐观的(41%)，上扬的(10%)，似牡牛的(3%)
adjective
ATTITUDE 态度
■giving your opinions in a powerful and confident way 乐观的；充满信心的
• She's being very bullish about the firm's future. 她对公司的未来很有信心。
['bʊl.iʃ] adjective
FINANCIAL MARKET 金融市场
■describes a financial market in which share prices are rising 股票行情看涨的；牛市的

Word: hasten
Front: hasten
[ˈheɪsn] (四六托宝 9445/8507 -1)
Vocabulary: hasten
(once / 152 pages)
v
The verb hasten means to move at a high speed. If you hasten to your room, no one will know that you came in late.
Hasten comes from the word haste, which means "excessive speed or urgency." The words hurry and hasten are synonyms. Hasten can also mean "to make happen quickly," like when you open a window in the kitchen when you are cooking to hasten the room's cooling down. Hasten also means "to be quick," like when you hasten to tell everyone that the rumor going around about you isn't true.
WORD FAMILY
hasten: hastened, hastening, hastens
USAGE EXAMPLES
But in the far north, climate change is hastening the decline of hunting.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
In the current administration’s final weeks, another researcher said, HHS officials are also trying to hasten the release of previously undisclosed health data.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Civilian deaths do not matter and may in fact aid the cause by hastening the ultimate Russian and Syrian victory.
Washington Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 加速; 使加紧; 催促; 赶紧，赶快
vi. 赶快; 急忙
时态：hastened, hastening, hastens
分布：加速(67%)，赶快(17%)，催促(16%)
→来自haste,仓促，匆忙，-en,使。
促进(haste匆忙)[-en 1.表动词"变成"2.表形容词"由…制成",通常加在名词后面3.表名词"人或物"]
【参】haste（n 匆忙；急忙）
【反】slow the progress of（延缓过程）；check（vt 检查；制止；阻碍）；retard（vt 延迟；阻碍）
['heɪ.sən] formal
verb
transitive
■You hasten something by acting in order to make it happen sooner 加快，加紧
• I was grateful for his letter which hastened the course of the enquiry. 我非常感谢他的来信，这加快了调查的进展。
• There is little doubt that poor medical treatment hastened her death. 毫无疑问，劣质的治疗加速了她的死亡。
[+ to infinitive]
■If you hasten to do something, you quickly do it 赶快，赶紧（做）
• The president hastened to reassure his people that he was in perfect health. 总统立即解释说他的身体状况非常好，让他的人民放心。
[+ to infinitive]
■If you hasten to say something, you want to make it clear 急忙说（或澄清）
• It was an unfortunate decision and I hasten to say it had nothing to do with me. 那是个令人遗憾的决定，我急忙表示那与我没有关系。
• "People round here dress so badly - except you, Justin," she hastened to add. “这儿的人穿得真不像样——除了你之外，贾斯丁。”她急忙加了一句。
accelerate, hasten, rush, hurry, speed, quicken
这组词都有“加快，使加快”的意思，其区别是：
accelerate: 着重指频率或速率运转加快。
hasten: 指由于事的紧迫性或突然性而加速。
rush: 含义与hurry相近，但显得更仓促更慌乱。
hurry: 指赶紧或匆忙地做某事或催促别人做某事，隐含草率或混乱意味。
speed: 侧重实际的快速行动。
quicken: 普通用词，指增加速度、速率。
vt. 加速；使赶紧；催促
 - crowd, soup
vi. 赶快；急忙
 - hurry up, get a move on

Word: acquit
Front: acquit
[əˈkwɪt] (托宝 9999/9949 -2)
Vocabulary: acquit
(once / 696 pages)
1v 2v
To acquit someone is to clear them of charges. Acquitting also has to do with how you carry or present yourself.
If you're accused of a crime, then the best thing that can happen to you is being acquitted — that means you were cleared or exonerated of the charges. A defense lawyer wants to have his client acquitted. But watch out for another unrelated meaning: acquitting can mean how you behave, conduct, or carry yourself. If you acquit yourself like a champion, then you're acting like a champion.
WORD FAMILY
acquit: acquits, acquittal, acquitted, acquitting+/ acquittal: acquittals
USAGE EXAMPLES
Smith’s trial earlier this month, jurors acquitted him on three counts of misdemeanor battery on a police officer but deadlocked on four other misdemeanor charges.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
In August, Ley was acquitted there after a judge said he met standards for prescribing medicine for drug addiction.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Last summer he was released from custody after being acquitted of all charges.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: vt. 宣判无罪; 除去责任或义务; 表现，履行; 付清，还清
时态：acquitted, acquitting, acquits
分布：表现(61%)，原谅(17%)，开释(11%)，宣布无罪(11%)
→前缀ac-同ad-, 去，往。quit, 离开，词源同quiet。即无罪释放。
开释,免罪(ac给予+quit→给予自由)[Quit=free,表示"自由"]
[ə'kwɪt] (-tt-)
verb transitive often passive
■to decide officially in a court of law that someone is not guilty of a particular crime 宣判…无罪
• She was acquitted of all the charges against her. 她被宣判无罪，所有对其指控皆不成立。
• Five months ago he was acquitted on a shoplifting charge. 五个月前，法庭宣判对他在商店扒窃货物的指控不成立。
Compare convict
acquit yourself
[R] formal
■to do better than expected in a difficult situation 表现出色
• I thought that he acquitted himself admirably in today's meeting. 我认为他在今天会议上的表现非常不错。
vt. 无罪释放；表现；脱卸义务和责任；清偿
 - conduct oneself, represent, bear oneself

Word: franc
Front: franc
[fræŋk] (高 -/7261 -2)
Back: n. （法国、瑞士、比利时等国的货币单位）法郎
分布：法郎(100%)
→来自Frank, 法兰克人，今法国人。该词用做法国货币单位。
[fræŋk] (written abbreviation Fr)
noun countable
■the standard unit of money used in France, Belgium and Luxembourg before they started using the Euro, and also used in many African countries that were ruled by France in the past 法郎（欧元流通前法国、比利时和卢森堡的标准货币单位，也为非洲许多前法国殖民地国家使用）

Word: nancy
Front: nancy
['nænsi] (-/7278)
Back: n. 女人气的男人，女人气的男孩
分布：南希(女子名(100%)
→来自常用女名Nancy，用来指娘娘腔的男人。
adj. 女性化的；同性恋的
 - faggoty, homoerotic
n. 女性化的男人
 - mollycoddle

Word: impulse
Front: impulse
[ˈɪmpʌls] (研六托雅宝 4695/5362 -2)
Vocabulary: impulse
(once / 169 pages)
1n 2n 3n
An impulse is a sudden force or desire — this could be an electrical impulse, or an impulse to get some pizza.
If you act on a sudden feeling or thought, you’re following an impulse. That's like a whim: an impulse isn't something you've given a lot of thought. Another meaning of impulse is an electrical charge or pulse. Electrical impulses are coursing through wires all through your house every day. Both kinds of impulses make things happen. The electrical impulse keeps the refrigerator going, and then you have an impulse to eat all the ice cream in the fridge.
WORD FAMILY
impulse: impulses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Carter, punk, and the expansive cultural impulse that brought this random family together are about to be supplanted by the Reagan era.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Parenting is about providing children with opportunities while protecting them from harm, and few recreational activities put those impulses in opposition the way football does.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
“Christa,” among the pieces in the current show, is still a radical gesture, and the other artworks here mostly align with that impulse.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 凭冲动行事; 突如其来的念头; [电子]脉冲; [医]冲动，搏动
adj. 冲动的
v. 推动
分布：冲动(86%)，推动(7%)，神经冲动(4%)，心血来潮(3%)
→im-,进入，使，pulse,冲击，震动。
冲动(im+pulse跳动→冲动)[im-,in-①表示"不,无,非"②表示"向内,进入"]
冲动,刺激(im内+pulse→内在推动→冲动)[pel,puls=drive,push,表示"驱动,推"]
v.推动n.推动;冲动,刺激She often buys clothes on impulse.她常常凭冲动购买衣服.
【记】im进入，pulse推－在内心推－冲动
【参】impulsive（adj 冲动的）；repulse（n /v 拒绝；排斥；憎恶）
noun
WISH 欲望
[C + to infinitive]
■a sudden strong wish to do something 冲动，突然的强烈欲望
• I had this sudden impulse to shout out "Rubbish!" in the middle of her speech. 在她发言时我突然想大喊“一派胡言！”
on (an) impulse
■because you suddenly want to, although you haven't planned to 一时兴起，心血来潮：
• "I didn't know you were looking for some new shoes." "Oh, I wasn't - I just bought them on impulse." “我不知道你想要买双新鞋。”“噢，不是的——我只是一时冲动才买的。”
['ɪm.pʌls] noun
SIGNAL 讯号
countable
■a short electrical, radio or light signal which carries information or instructions between the parts of a system 冲动；脉冲
• an electrical/nerve impulse 电脉冲／神经冲动
['ɪm.pʌls] noun
REASON 原因
countable usually singular formal
■something that is the force behind or reason for something else 动机；动力；刺激
• a creative/commercial impulse 创作／商业动机
n. [心理] 冲动； [电子] 脉冲；刺激；神经冲动；推动力
 - stimulus, pulse, incentive, excitement, needle
vt. 推动
 - drive, force, impel

Word: manageable
Front: manageable
[ˈmænɪdʒəbl] (10605/9712)
Vocabulary: manageable
(once / 2300 pages)
adj
If you can handle something, it's manageable. An overworked college student might decide to drop a horrible chemistry class to make the semester more manageable.
Anything that you can accomplish can be described with the adjective manageable. It's also used in a slightly different way, to talk about something that can be controlled, like a tamed lion or a smooth and tidy head of hair. The earliest use of the root word "manage" related specifically to controlling a horse, influenced by the French word for "horsemanship," manège.
WORD FAMILY
manageable: manageability, manageableness, manageably, unmanageable+/ manage: manageable, managed, management, manager, manages, managing, mismanage / management: managements/ manager: managerial, managers, managership/managerial: managerially/managership: managerships/ mismanage: mismanaged, mismanagement, mismanages, mismanaging/mismanagement: mismanagements/unmanageable: unmanageableness, unmanageably
USAGE EXAMPLES
The truth is that permanent weight loss requires a subtle, manageable set of skills which likely vary from person to person.
New York Times(May 02, 2016)
Another 3 by Nurse, and the seemingly manageable morphed into the unforgiving reality of Connecticut, 25 months and counting.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The breaches mainly represent a new form of crime whose costs are exasperating but manageable.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 易处理的; 易控制的; 可做到的; 温顺的
分布：易管理的(78%)，易办的(11%)，易控制的(11%)
adjective
■easy or possible to deal with 易处理的；易办的；可应付的
• The work has been divided into smaller, more manageable sections. 这项工作被细分成几个较易处理的小部分。
• Government targets for increased productivity are described as "tough but manageable". 政府提高生产力的目标被形容为“艰巨但终可实现”。

Word: prowess
Front: prowess
[ˈpraʊəs] (宝 11047/11253 -1)
Vocabulary: prowess
(once / 1067 pages)
n
Prowess means exceptional skill or ability. Your sailing prowess might save your life in a storm, while someone with less experience might make mistakes.
An earlier meaning of this word is exceptional bravery in battle, or a specific act of bravery. Prowess is from Middle English, from Old French proece, proesse, from prou, prud "good, capable, brave." The related English word proud has the now obsolete meaning of brave.
WORD FAMILY
prowess: prowesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Samsung, the icon of South Korean technological prowess, suffered global humiliation with its recent recall of exploding Galaxy Note 7 smartphones.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
They are the most effective American partner against the Islamic State in Syria, providing logistics and fierce fighting prowess.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
When we learn to unitask, to think more in line with Holmes’s detached approach, we may be doing more than increasing our observational prowess.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2012)
Back: n. 英勇; 高超技艺
分布：英勇(84%)，非凡的能力(16%)
→来自prow,勇敢的，-ess,名词后缀。引申词义非凡的技能，造诣。
【记】源于：power（n 能力；力量）
【反】timidity（n 胆怯）
['praʊ.es] slightly formal
noun uncountable
■great ability or skill 杰出的才能；高超的技能
• athletic/sporting prowess 高超的运动／体育技能
• He's always boasting about his sexual prowess. 他总是吹嘘自己的性爱技巧如何高超。
n. 英勇；超凡技术；勇猛
 - valor, heroism

Word: swirl
Front: swirl
[swɜ:l] (雅宝 6166/10024 -1)
Vocabulary: swirl
(once / 1181 pages)
vn
To swirl is to turn in circles or spirals, the way a leaf caught in a whirlpool swirls, or a toy duck swirls in the bathtub as you empty the water out.
Smoke might swirl up from your campfire, keeping the mosquitos that swirl through the air nearby from biting you. Or you can swirl on a carnival ride that spins you in circles until you step back onto the ground and the world swirls for a while, until you regain your balance. Swirl is a noun, too, as in a swirl of dust. It was originally Scottish for "whirlpool."
WORD FAMILY
swirl: swirled, swirling, swirls
USAGE EXAMPLES
For example, Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam, is famous for its buzzing, swirling, incomprehensible traffic.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Her pale hands stretch forward from swirls of black cloth.
The New Yorker(Jan 02, 2017)
Questions continued to swirl about the death of the pop music icon George Michael.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vi. 旋转，打旋; 眩晕; 盘绕; 大口喝酒
vt. 使成漩涡; 使眼花; 打转; 弯曲盘旋
n. （水，风等的）旋转，漩涡; <美>弯曲; 涡状形; 卷状的东西
时态：swirled, swirling, swirls
分布：漩涡(64%)，涡状形(15%)，盘旋(13%)，眩晕(8%)
→可能来自辅音丛 sw-,弯，转，摇摆，摇晃，比较 swing,sway,sweep,swipe.引申诸相关词义。
【记】s，wirl转；参：whirl（n /v 旋转）
US [swɝ:l] verb intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep]
■to (cause to) move quickly with a twisting circular movement （使）旋转，（使）打转，（使）转圈
• Swirl a little oil around the frying pan. 在煎锅边儿刷一点点油。
• The fog swirled thickly around us. 我们被浓雾重重包围。
n. 漩涡；打旋；涡状形
 - vortex, gulf
vi. 盘绕；打旋；眩晕；大口喝酒
 - swim

Word: vault
Front: vault
[vɔ:lt] (六托宝 8437/7953 -1)
Vocabulary: vault
(once / 368 pages)
nv
Vault is a verb that means "to jump over something." If you were hurrying out to the pasture to visit your favorite cow, you might vault over the gate in your excitement.
When you support yourself with your hands as you jump over some hurdle, you vault, just as a gymnast might do across a vault — a piece of gymnastic equipment made to be vaulted over after a running start. Another meaning of vault is the arched roof of a building, or something that resembles such an archway. A storage chamber, especially one that's kept underground, is also a vault, like a bank vault.
WORD FAMILY
vault: vaulted, vaulter, vaulting, vaults+/vaulter: vaulters/vaulting: vaultingly, vaultings
USAGE EXAMPLES
That means more rain gardens, stormwater vaults and permeable pavement for all new development in the county.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
It is supposed to be removed and locked in a secure vault after business hours each day.
Reuters(Dec 29, 2016)
Ivanovic won her only major, at the French Open, in 2008, a victory that vaulted her to No. 1 in the world.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 拱顶，穹窿; 地下室; 撑物跳; 墓穴
vt. 进行撑竿跳; 做成圆拱形; 成穹状; （以手撑物或撑竿）跳过
vi. 跳跃; 成穹状弯曲
时态：vaulted, vaulting, vaults
分布：地下室(29%)，穹(21%)，撑竿跳(18%)，窖(14%)，跳跃(10%)，做成圆拱形(7%)，撑竿跳跃(1%)
→来自拉丁语volutus,弯，拱，来自wel,弯，转，词源同wall,evolve,引申词义保险库，撑杆跳。
【记】因为家里有vault，所以值得vaunt
US [vɑ:lt] noun countable
ARCH 拱
■a type of arch which supports a roof or ceiling, especially in a church or public building, or a ceiling or roof supported by several of these arches （尤指教堂或公共建筑的）拱顶，穹顶
UK [vɒlt] US [vɑ:lt] noun countable
ROOM 房间 (UK also vaults)
■a room, especially in a bank, with thick walls and a strong door, which is used to store money or valuable things in safe conditions （尤指银行的）金库，保险库
• a bank vault 银行金库
• She entered the vault with an armed guard. 她同一名武装保安一起进入了金库。
■a room under a church or a small building in a cemetery where dead bodies are buried （教堂的）地下墓室；（墓地的）墓穴
• She was buried in the family vault. 她被葬在家族墓室里。
UK [vɒlt] US [vɑ:lt] verb
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition transitive
■to jump over something by first putting your hands on it or by using a pole （用手支撑或撑杆）跳跃，跃过
• He vaulted over the gate. 他从那扇大门上翻了过去。
• She vaulted the wall and kept running. 她跃过了那堵墙继续往前跑。
• specialized He has vaulted 6.02m in indoor competitions this year. 在今年的室内比赛中他跃过了6.02米的高度。
⇒ See also the pole vault
transitive formal
■to move someone or something suddenly to a much more important position 突然提升；使跃居
• Last week's changes vaulted the general to the top, over the heads of several of his seniors. 上周的变动使这位将军一下子超过他的几位上司而跃居最高层。
tomb, grave, vault
这组词都有“坟墓，墓穴”的意思，其区别是：
tomb: 语气比grave庄重，指有建筑工程的坟墓，可在地上，也可在地下。
grave: 一般的土墓，指埋葬尸体的场所。
vault: 指地下存放尸体或棺材的地方，也指用混凝土预制的墓穴。
n. 拱顶；撑竿跳；地下室
 - basement, undercroft
vi. 跳跃；成穹状弯曲
 - jump, dance

Word: outpost
Front: outpost
[ˈaʊtpəʊst] (9214/14644 -1)
Vocabulary: outpost
(once / 1086 pages)
n
An outpost is a camp or station that's somewhat isolated. A military outpost acts as a guard or defense against an enemy's attack on the larger military force.
Whenever a small group of people sets up a camp at a distance from the main, larger organization (whether it's military or not), you can call their settlement an outpost. Explorers in the early days of the US set up outposts throughout the West, and many countries establish outposts near their borders with hostile neighbors — encampments for keeping an eye on them. The first written use of outpost is usually ascribed to George Washington.
WORD FAMILY
outpost: outposts
USAGE EXAMPLES
Israel’s Knesset is on the verge of legalizing what were once illegal outposts.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Louis Cardin was killed by a rocket attack March 19 while he was stationed at an artillery outpost south of Mosul.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
There is an even bigger building boom a few miles east, in Bruchin, one of three outposts retroactively legalized in 2012 at the government’s prodding.
New York Times(Mar 12, 2015)
Back: n. 前哨; 警戒部队; 前哨基地; 边区村落
分布：前哨(83%)，前哨基地(9%)，警戒部队(6%)，偏远居民区(2%)
→out-,向外，post,岗哨。
US [-poʊst] noun countable
■a place, especially a small group of buildings or a town, which keeps going the authority or business interests of a government or company that is far away 前哨基地；驻外办事处；（组织的）边远分部
• a police/military/colonial outpost 边远地区的员警哨所／军事前哨基地／殖民地时期的边远居民点
■a rare example of something that is disappearing 濒临绝迹的事物
• Free jazz has been described as the last outpost of modernism. 自由爵士乐被称为现代主义最后的表现。
n. 前哨；警戒部队；边区村落
 - pale, vaunt-courier

Word: commonplace
Front: commonplace
[ˈkɒmənpleɪs] (研六托雅宝 8669/8456 -1)
Vocabulary: commonplace
(once / 506 pages)
adjn
Something commonplace is ordinary. It can also be something dull and unchallenging or tired and clichéd. Coffee shops in cities are commonplace, so are berets in Paris. You see them all over the place.
Things that are common can be found all over the place — they're commonplace! The word is a literal translation of the Latin locus communis for "general topic." Commonplace things and behavior are ordinary. For example, a commonplace job is a boring, mind-numbing task. It’s humdrum and unglamorous. A commonplace word or saying is a cliché — it's so common that it becomes meaningless and annoying.
WORD FAMILY
commonplace: commonplacely, commonplaceness, commonplaces+/commonplaceness: commonplacenesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Once this technology is commonplace and driverless cars are ubiquitous, those numbers will shrink to a tiny fraction of what they are today.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Lane said categorizing foods by ethnicity is commonplace in the restaurant industry.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
In 2016, robots became more commonplace in warehouses, factories and public spaces, like malls.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 平凡的，陈腐的; 平庸的，普通的
n. 寻常的事物; 平常话，口头禅; 老生常谈; 备忘录
分布：平凡的(39%)，老生常谈(30%)，陈腐的(13%)，常事(13%)，普通的东西(5%)
a.普通的,平庸的n.寻常的事物,平庸的东西The commonsense commonwealth government no longer uses the uncommon commonplace.有常识的联邦政府不再使用不寻常的陈腐之言.
【记】common（adj 普通的），place（n 地方）
【反】inimitable（adj 独特的）
US ['kɑ:.mən-] adjective
■happening often or often seen or experienced and so not considered to be special 平常的；常见的；普通的；普遍的
• Home computers are increasingly commonplace. 家用电脑越来越普及了。
UK ['kɒm.ən.pleɪs] US ['kɑ:.mən-] noun countable formal
■a boring remark which is used very often and does not have much meaning 陈腔滥调；寒暄客套；老生常谈
• We exchanged commonplaces about the weather over cups of tea. 我们喝了几杯茶，就天气方面的话题寒暄了几句。
usual, ordinary, common, popular, universal, commonplace, general
这组词都有“普通的，普遍的”的意思，其区别是：
usual: 指常见常闻和常做的事或举动，强调惯常性。
ordinary: 用于物，指每天发生，十分平淡无奇；用于人，指无特别之处，很一般。
common: 多用于指物，侧重很常见，不稀奇。
popular: 指适应大众爱好、需要，为大家所公认或接受。
universal: 与general同义，但语气较强，侧重对每个人或事物都适用，根本没有例外。
commonplace: 强调缺少新意。
general: 语气强于common，侧重大多如此，很少有例外情况。
n. 老生常谈；司空见惯的事；普通的东西
 - truism
adj. 平凡的；陈腐的
 - ordinary, stock

Word: evenly
Front: evenly
[ˈi:vnli] (六托 5601/6879)
Back: adv. 平坦地; 均匀地; 淡然地; 不卑不亢地
分布：平坦地(45%)，平等地(33%)，平衡地(22%)
adverb
CALMLY 平静地
■If you say something evenly, you speak without showing emotion in your voice although you are angry or not satisfied in some way 平静地，镇定地，平和地
• "We are not terrorists," he said evenly. "We are freedom fighters." “我们不是恐怖分子，”他镇定地说，“我们是自由斗士。”
['i:.vən.li] adverb
EQUALLY 均等
■in or into equal amounts 平均；均等
• Divide the mixture evenly between the baking pans. 将混合物分成等份放在烤盘中。
• Congress is still evenly divided on the issue. 在这个问题上，国会仍旧分成两个阵营，旗鼓相当。
adv. 均匀地；平衡地；平坦地；平等地
 - equally, plainly

Word: predominant
Front: predominant
[prɪˈdɒmɪnənt] (研六托雅宝 11628/10173 -1)
Vocabulary: predominant
(once / 1252 pages)
adj
If you’re talking about the most popular or common thing, call it predominant. If the predominant feeling in a neighborhood is that pizza is the best food, the result might be pizzerias being the predominant type of restaurant there.
The adjective predominant describes a person or thing with great power or influence, or something that is prevalent. It comes from the Latin prefix prae-, “before,” and dominari, “to rule.” For example, because so many people like hip-hop, it might be the predominant music heard at a school dance. And that neighborhood with all the pizzerias? Teenagers are the predominant customers, and pepperoni is the predominant topping.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
predominate / predominant
If you win an election by a 3:1 margin, are you the predominant winner or the predominate winner?
Predominate is a verb meaning to prevail, to have greater importance or quantity. You can easily see the root word: dominate, to command over. Its history is uncertain, but it was probably borrowed from Medieval Latin's predominare.
Queens and Staten Island, where single-family homes predominate, actually saw their first upticks in years.
Tomorrow and the day after tomorrow, winds from westerly directions predominate.
They gave an insight into the ethos that predominates at top English clubs.
Predominant is a derivative of predominate and, by extension, dominate. Predominant, however, is an adjective describing something or someone with the greatest importance, influence, or power. It can also be used to describe something that is most common.
The fancy shovels that didn't really cost that much were an example of the predominant theme of Monday's ceremony.
Just as in years past, steel was the predominant material at this year's NAHBS.
Such direct calls for regime change may not represent the predominant public opinion in Syria.
The trick is not to use predominate as an adjective, as some less-observant language users are wont to do. It's often labeled as a needless variant by usage manuals and dictionaries. Garner's Modern American Usage notes that the usage of predominate as an adjective is at stage 3 of language change: "the form is commonplace even among many well-educated people but is still avoided in careful usage." Your best bet is to reserve predominate as a verb and predominant as an adjective.
WORD FAMILY
predominant: predominantly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Guys — the things they like and the ways they behave — are its predominant subjects.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Balinese Hinduism, the predominant religion there, shapes much of the island’s life and culture with thousands of temples and shrines.
Washington Times(Dec 15, 2016)
The corridors of the lab were lined with newspaper pictures of the black-and-white striped mosquito Aedes aegypti, the predominant carrier of Zika.
The New Yorker(Aug 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 主要的，占主导地位的; 占优势的，卓越的; 有影响的; 特优种
分布：主要的(70%)，占优势的(17%)，显著的(13%)
→来自predominate,占优势，主导。
主要的,支配地位的(pre在前面+dominant支配的)[dom=house,表示"屋,家"]
a.(over)占优势的;主要的,突出的Man has been predominant over other species for a long time.人类长久以来一直在支配其他物种.
US [-'dɑ:.mə-] adjective
■more noticeable or important, or larger in number, than others 占主导地位的；占绝大多数的；显著的
• Research forms the predominant part of my job. 研究是我工作中的重要部分。
• Dancers have a predominant role in this performance. 在这场表演中，舞蹈演员发挥主导作用。
sovereign, predominant, dominant
这组词都有“占优势的，支配其它的”的意思，其区别是：
sovereign: 侧重指其他事物都从属于或低于它的。
predominant: 侧重指影响与新近的优势。
dominant: 强调权威。
adj. 主要的；卓越的； [计] 支配的；有力的；有影响的
 - remarkable, excellent, primary, major, prominent

Word: photographer
Front: photographer
[fəˈtɒgrəfə(r)] (高 3098/3984 -K)
Back: n. 摄影师; 摄影家; 照相师
分布：摄影师(100%)
US [-'tɑ:.grə.fɚ] noun countable
 IMPROVER
■a person who takes photographs, either as a job or hobby 摄影者；摄影师
• a fashion/press/amateur photographer 时装／新闻／业余摄影师
n. 摄影师；照相师
 - cameraman, lensman

Word: welch
Front: welch
[weltʃ] (-/20874)
Back: v. 逃避债务
分布：名词(100%)
(also welsh) informal disapproving
verb intransitive
■to avoid doing something you have promised to do, especially not to pay a debt 食言；（尤指）赖帐
• Their competitors' behaviour gave them a great opportunity to welch on their promises. 竞争对手的行为给了他们一个很好的机会不去履行诺言。

Word: stereotype
Front: stereotype
[ˈsteriətaɪp] (研六托雅宝 4936/7958 -2)
Vocabulary: stereotype
(once / 1880 pages)
nv
A stereotype is a preconceived notion, especially about a group of people. Many stereotypes are racist, sexist, or homophobic.
Have you ever heard someone say Irish people are all drunks, or African-American people are always late, or women are bad drivers? Those are stereotypes: commonly held ideas about specific groups. You most often hear about negative stereotypes, but some are positive. For example, there's a stereotype that Asian people do better in school. One of many problems with any stereotype is that even if it's true in some cases, it's certainly not true in all cases.
WORD FAMILY
stereotype: stereotyped, stereotypes, stereotypic, stereotypical, stereotyping+/ stereotypical: stereotypically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Or, “Do you realize what a stereotype that is?”
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
I wrote about Asian Americans fighting to be seen and treated as whole people and fully American, rather than as stereotypes.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But Williams told the judge last week the comments must be viewed in the context of racial stereotypes.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 陈规旧习，旧规矩; 固定的形式; 铅版; 铅版制版法，铅板印刷
vt. 使成陈规; 把…浇铸成铅版; 使用铅版; 使固定
时态：stereotyped, stereotyping, stereotypes
分布：典型(34%)，铅版(21%)，模式化观念(15%)，对…形成模式化的看法(10%)，老一套(10%)，使用铅版(10%)
→stereo-,固定的，坚固的，type,印刷，打印。原指一种印刷方法，引申词义刻板印象，模式化 观念等。
n.陈规,老套,模式化vt.使定型,使模式化It's wrong to stereotype people.把人看作都是一样的是错误的.
['ster.i.ə.taɪp] disapproving
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a fixed idea that people have about what someone or something is like, especially an idea that is wrong （尤指错误的）刻板印象，老套俗见，成见
• racial/sexual stereotypes 陈旧的种族偏见／性别成见
• He doesn't conform to/fit/fill the national stereotype of a Frenchman. 他不符合一般人心目中法国人的形象。
• The characters in the book are just stereotypes. 书中的人物毫无新意。
['ster.i.ə.taɪp] disapproving
verb transitive
■to have a fixed idea about what a particular type of person is like, especially an idea that is wrong 对…形成刻板的看法；（尤指）对…有成见
• The study claims that British advertising stereotypes women. 这项研究声称英国的广告对女性抱有成见。
• We tried not to give the children sexually stereotyped toys. 我们尽量不给孩子玩带有性别成见的玩具。
n. 陈腔滥调，老套；铅版
 - truism, conventionality

Word: alpha
Front: alpha
[ˈælfə] (6714/5488)
Vocabulary: alpha
(once / 2770 pages)
nadj
Alpha is the first letter in the Greek alphabet. Many college fraternities are named after two or three Greek letters, often including an alpha.
Scientists frequently use alpha to mean the first item in a list or series, or the most important item in a group. An uppercase alpha looks identical to a capital A, while the lowercase version is similar but not identical to a small a: α. The Greek alpha comes from the Hebrew and Phoenician aleph, a form of the word for "ox," eleph, possibly because the character resembled an ox's head.
WORD FAMILY
alpha: alphas
USAGE EXAMPLES
The role of mediator is one Chancellor embraces, and it’s an important one on a team with big personalities and alpha males.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Cruz relishes the chance to beat another fighter from the Team Alpha Male camp in Northern California.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
He says the fourth fraternity, Alpha Sigma Phi, is still under interim suspension.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 希腊字母的第一个字母
分布：最初(45%)，希腊字母的第一个字母(28%)，首要的(9%)，按字母顺序的(9%)，主导的(9%)
→希腊语第一个字母，同A.
(also α) ['æl.fə] noun countable
■the first letter of the Greek alphabet 希腊语字母表的第一个字母 Compare beta ; gamma
(also α) ['æl.fə] adjective [before noun]
■Alpha software is at the first stage of development 初期的（用来描述在研发初期的软体）
• an alpha disc （在研发中）初期的光碟
n. 希腊字母的第一个字母；开端；最初
 - origin, dawn

Word: articulate
Front: articulate
[ɑ:ˈtɪkjuleɪt] (研六托雅宝 4865/6482 -2)
Vocabulary: articulate
(once / 638 pages)
1vadj 2adjv
To articulate is to say something. And, if you say it well, someone might praise you by saying you are articulate. Confused yet? It's all in the pronunciation.
Reach for articulate when you need an adjective meaning "well-spoken" (pronounced ar-TIC-yuh-lit) or a verb (ar-TIC-yuh-late) meaning "to speak or express yourself clearly." The key to understanding articulate's many uses is to think of the related noun article: an articulate person clearly pronounces each article of his or her speech (that is, each word and syllable), and an articulated joint is divided up into distinct articles, or parts.
WORD FAMILY
articulate: articulated, articulately, articulateness, articulates, articulating, articulation, articulative, articulator, articulatory, disarticulate, inarticulate, unarticulate+/ articulated: unarticulated/ articulation: articulations/articulator: articulators/disarticulate: disarticulated, disarticulating/ inarticulate: inarticulately
USAGE EXAMPLES
“He’s more articulate than I am. All of our kids are teaching me so much right now,” Ms. Bening said.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Indeed, a mainstream strategy in cognitive behavioral therapy involves purposefully articulating thoughts to oneself in order to diminish pernicious habits of mind.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
The prosecutors are also likely to re-emphasize the considerable evidence of Mr. Roof’s premeditation and clearly articulated racial intent.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 发音清晰的; 善于表达的; 有关节的
vt. 清晰地发（音）; 言语表达; （用关节）连接
vi. 清楚地和清晰地讲; 发音; [解剖学] 连接
时态：articulated, articulating, articulates
分布：发音(29%)，有关节的(19%)，发音清晰的(19%)，善于表达的(17%)，清楚地讲话(13%)，以关节连接(3%)
→来自词根art-, 连贯，连结，词源同art, arm.
关节结合;咬字清楚[articul=joint(关节)]
a.善于表达的;有关节相连的v.清楚地讲话The articulate man's artistic cartoon startled the charterer.发音清晰者的艺术卡通使包租人大吃一惊.
【记】1）articul文章，ate吃的过去式－吃透文章－所以发音清晰2）articu文章，late后期。文章的后期制作。学过托福作文的同学一定深有体会，检查的时候应注重两方面，一、思想、内容表达清晰。二、句与句之间，段与段之间的接合是否连贯。3）articulate particular（特别的）清楚！
US [ɑːr-/
■able to express thoughts and feelings easily and clearly, or showing this quality 能表达清楚的，善于表达的；口齿伶俐的，有口才的
• an intelligent and highly articulate young woman 聪明过人且口齿伶俐的年轻女子
• She gave a witty, entertaining and articulate speech. 她的演讲机智幽默、引人入胜、明确有力。
verb transitive UK [ɑːˈtɪk.jʊ.leɪt] US [ɑːr-] formal
■to express in words 清楚地表达
• I found myself unable to articulate my feelings. 我感到无法用语言来表达我的感情。
• Many people are opposed to the new law, but have had no opportunity to articulate their opposition. 很多人不赞成这项新法律，但是却没有机会表达他们的反对意见。
■to pronounce 清晰地吐（字）；清晰地发（音）
• When children first learn to talk, there are some sounds that they find difficult to articulate. 小孩子刚学说话时，有一些音他们很难发出来。
vi. 发音；清楚地讲话；用关节连接起来
 - pronounce
adj. 发音清晰的；口才好的； [动] [生物] 有关节的
 - enunciative

Word: inward
Front: inward
[ˈɪnwəd] (研四六 11176/7924 -1)
Back: adj. 向内的; 内部的; 本质上的; 亲密的
adv. 向内; 内心里
n. 内部; 内脏
分布：内部的(24%)，向内(18%)，内部(16%)，向内的(13%)，内心的(13%)，亲密的(10%)，内在(6%)
→in-,在内，在里，-ward,朝向。
ad.向内,在内a.向内的,在内的,里面的Afterwards, I went toward the yard and looked upward, downward, inward, outward, forward and backward.后来我走向院子,向上下内外前后看.
US [-wɚd] adjective
■on or towards the inside 里面的；向内的 Compare outward inside your mind and not expressed to other people 内心的
• inward feelings 内心的感受
UK ['ɪn.wəd] US [-wɚd] adverb (also inwards)
■towards the inside 向内地
• After the accident, her thoughts began to turn inward (= to her own interests or problems). 意外发生后，她开始反省自己。
• Fold the outside edges inward. 将外部边缘部分向内折。
interior, inward, inner, inside, internal
这组词都有“内部的，内在的”的意思，其区别是：
interior: 指某物的内部，尤指某物的内侧；也可指内地的或国内的。
inward: 指朝着中心或内部方向的，侧重方向而不是位置；也可指内心的隐密活动。
inner: 含义广泛，指事物中心或接近中心的部位，也可指内心隐密的活动。
inside: 多指处于某物内部或靠近内部，常可与inner换用，可引申指内幕的，秘密的。
internal: 书面用词，医学上多用，指事物的内部，也可指国内的或内政的。
adj. [计] 向内的；内部的；精神的；本质上的；熟悉的
 - internal, inner, mental, familiar, spiritual
adv. 向内；内心里
 - inboard
n. 内部；内脏；密友
 - interior, inner, inside, familiar

Word: longevity
Front: longevity
[lɒnˈdʒevəti] (六托宝 8871/15013 -1)
Vocabulary: longevity
(once / 3835 pages)
n
Something with longevity has the ability to last for a long time. While tortoises are not known for their quickness, their longevity is amazing. Just ask the Hare.
At the root of longevity is the word long. So when you see longevity, think “a long time." In fact, this word has some serious longevity, since it's been around since the 1600s. Longevity is most commonly used to describe the length of one’s lifetime, but it can also mean a long duration, such as one’s longevity working for a certain company for an extended period of time.
WORD FAMILY
longevity
USAGE EXAMPLES
As for that longevity, Gilbert credits independence forced upon her at an early age and a positive attitude.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
As much as you admire his toughness, you wince and fear that, once again, he’s sacrificing longevity for machismo.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
In the recipe for longevity, the key ingredient might very well be innovation.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 长寿; 寿命; 长期供职
分布：长寿(57%)，寿命(43%)
→long,长的，-ev,时间，词源同age,medieval.
长寿,长命(long长+ev+ity→长年龄→长寿)[ev=age,表示"年龄,时代"]
长命;寿命(long+ev生命+ity→长生命)[long,leng表示"长"]
【记】long长，ev时间，ity：活得时间长－长寿
【参】medieval（adj 中世纪的）；primeval（adj 原始的）；longitude（n 经度；经线）；long-range（adj 远程的）；long-standing（adj 长期存在的）；long-term（adj 长期的）；long-winded（adj 罗嗦冗长的）
US [lɑ:n'dʒev.ə.tˌi] formal
noun uncountable
■living for a long time 长寿
• To what do you attribute your longevity? 你的长寿归功于哪些因素？
n. 长寿，长命； [生物] 寿命
 - age, macrobiosis

Word: cheerful
Front: cheerful
[ˈtʃɪəfl] (高四六雅 7309/5041 -K2)
Vocabulary: cheerful
(once / 176 pages)
adj
Someone who's cheerful is spirited and happy. Your sister might be so cheerful that you hear her whistling joyfully first thing in the morning.
If you're full of good humor and optimism, your friends probably describe you as cheerful. A cheerful bus driver, restaurant server, or calculus teacher can brighten your whole day. Cheerful means "full of cheer," and cheer, which came to mean "good mood or spirit," started out in the 13th century meaning "the face," from the Late Latin cara, "face," and its Greek root, kara, "head."
WORD FAMILY
cheerful: cheerfuler, cheerfulest, cheerfulness, uncheerful+/ cheer: cheered, cheerer, cheerful, cheering, cheerless, cheers, cheery /cheerer: cheerers/cheerfulness: cheerfulnesses/cheering: cheeringly, cheerings/cheerless: cheerlessly, cheerlessness/ cheery: cheerier, cheeriest, cheerily/uncheerful: uncheerfully, uncheerfulness
USAGE EXAMPLES
He is a cheerful, demonstrative man, seventy-six years old, with a short gray beard and a mobile face.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Anna Kelsey, my counterpart at the startup x.ai, put our herculean, or maybe Sisyphean, task in cheerful terms.
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
These are big reasons to be cheerful, and we need them.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 欢乐的，高兴的; 令人愉快的
分布：快乐的(58%)，高兴的(42%)
US ['tʃɪr-] adjective
 ADVANCED
■happy and positive 高兴的，快乐的；兴高采烈的
• He's usually fairly cheerful. 他总是乐呵呵的。
• You're in a cheerful mood this morning. 今天早上你心情不错嘛。
• She manages to stay cheerful (= happy and positive) despite everything. 尽管事事不顺心，她仍然努力保持愉快的心情。
 ADVANCED
■describes a place or thing that is bright and pleasant and makes you feel positive and happy 令人高兴的，令人愉快的；赏心悦目的
• The doctor's waiting room was bright and cheerful with yellow walls and curtains. 医生候诊室的墙壁和窗帘都是黄色的，给人明亮宜人的感觉。
• Turn that dreadful wailing music off and put on something cheerful. 把那可怕的哀号似的音乐关掉，放点让人高兴的。
joyful, glad, delightful, merry, gay, happy, agreeable, jolly, nice, pleasant, cheerful
这组词都有“愉快的，高兴的”的意思，其区别是：
joyful: 语气较强，强调心情或感情上的欣喜。
glad: 最普通用词，语气较弱，表示礼貌的惯用语。指乐于做某事或因某事而感到满足，常表愉快的心情。
delightful: 指能带来强烈的快乐，激起愉快的情感，用于非常愉快的场合。
merry: 指精神情绪的暂时高涨，表示欢乐、愉快的心境或情景，侧重充满欢笑声和乐趣。
gay: 侧重无忧无虑、精神昂扬、充满生命的快乐。
happy: 侧重感到满足、幸福或高兴。
agreeable: 指与感受者的愿望、情趣或受好等和谐一致而带来的心情上的快意。
jolly: 通俗用词，多指充满快乐与喜悦的神情。
nice: 语气较温和，泛指任何愉快或满意的感觉。
pleasant: 侧重给人以“赏心悦目”或“愉快的，宜人的”感受。
cheerful: 多指因内心的愉快而表现出兴高采烈，是强调而自然的感情流露。
adj. 快乐的；愉快的；高兴的
 - happy, pleased, glad, good, bright

Word: legion
Front: legion
[ˈli:dʒən] (托宝 10204/6926 -1)
Vocabulary: legion
(once / 486 pages)
nadj
A legion is a horde or a large number of people or things. It was originally a term for a military unit.
In Roman times, a legion was a large unit of men in the army, and the word is still used in many militaries. However, it also means a whole bunch of people doing anything. If someone has many fans, you can say legion of fans or legions of fans, but either way, that's a lot of fans. There are legions of stars in the sky. When you see legion, you can be sure there's an awful lot of something.
WORD FAMILY
legion: legions
USAGE EXAMPLES
Blumenthal will discuss the issue at a Tuesday press conference at the American Legion Post 96 in Hartford.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
In the 1980s and 1990s, he played Santa Claus at American Legion Christmas parties in Silver Spring.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
It’s been a tough year for the Legion, Salvation Army and others trying to meet fundraising targets.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 大批部队; 众多，大量; 古罗马军团
adj. 众多的; 大量的
分布：军团(92%)，众多的人(4%)，很多的(4%)
→来自拉丁语legere,选出，收集，词源同collect,colleague.引申词义军团。
【记】leg腿，ion离子一腿象离子一样多一古罗马兵团
【反】lack in number（数量少）
noun countable
SOLDIERS 士兵
■a large group of soldiers who form a part of an army, especially the ancient Roman army （尤指古罗马的）军团
• Caesar's legions marched through France and crossed into Britain. 凯撒的军团穿过法国进入英国。
['li:.dʒən] noun countable
MANY 许多
legions of sb
■large numbers of people 大批的（人）
• He failed to turn up for the concert, disappointing the legions of fans waiting outside. 他没有在音乐会上露面，这让等在场外的众多歌迷感到非常失望。
['li:.dʒən] adjective [after verb] formal
■very large in number 大量的，众多的
• The difficulties surrounding the court case are legion. 这个庭审案件困难重重。
n. （古罗马）军团；众多；军队
 - force, mass, battalion
adj. 众多的；大量的
 - massive, extensive, substantial, macro, vast

Word: garment
Front: garment
[ˈgɑ:mənt] (高研六托雅宝 6112/4822 -2)
Vocabulary: garment
(once / 203 pages)
nv
A garment is a piece of clothing. The area of New York City where clothes are manufactured is known as the Garment District.
Derived from the French word for "equipment," garment is a somewhat generic term you can use when the specific kind of clothing you're describing is not the point. A dress, for example, is a dress, and pants are pants. They are not the same thing, unless you refer to them both as garments, in which case they are the same thing.
WORD FAMILY
garment: garmented, garmenting, garmentless, garments, overgarment, undergarment+/garmented: ungarmented/overgarment: overgarments/undergarment: undergarments
USAGE EXAMPLES
Like most garment workers, he said he was paid by the piece, rather than receiving an hourly wage.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
He met his future wife in 1958 at the United Merchants and Manufacturers headquarters in Manhattan’s Garment District.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
As street wear continued asserting its dominance over suiting, one garment became utterly ubiquitous: the bomber jacket.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 衣服; 服装
v. 给…穿衣服
时态：garmented, garmenting, garments
分布：衣服(96%)，覆上 ...(2%)，给 ... 披上衣服(2%)
→来自wer, 保护，隐藏，词源同warrant, weir. 后指衣服。
衣服,外衣(gar+ment表名词→装饰的东西→衣服)[gar,garn=furnish,表示"装饰,供应"]
衣服(gar装饰＋ment)[-ment 1.表名词"行为或结果"2.表示具体物]
n.(一件)衣服The tormentor enlarged the engagement garment.折磨者加大了订婚服装.
【记】gar花，ment：花一样的衣服－外衣
US ['gɑ:r-] formal
noun countable
■a piece of clothing （一件）衣服
uniform, clothing, clothes, dress, garment, suit, costume, gown, robe, coat
这组词都有“衣服、服装”的意思，其区别是：
uniform: 指某团体或组织统一做的制服，如军服、校服等。
clothing: 常用词，集合名词，是衣服的总称。
clothes: 普通用词，多指包括上衣、内衣或裤子等具体的一件件衣服。
dress: 多指正式场合或为某些特定用途而穿的服装，也指童装或女性穿的连衣裙。
garment: 语气庄重，正式用词，复数形式可与clothes换用，指身上全部穿着。单数形式指单件衣服，尤指长袍、外套等外面的衣服。
suit: 指一套服装，一般有几件配成一套的套装。
costume: 指流行某一地区或某一时代的服装，也指演员的戏装。
gown: 指女人穿的长服，尤指教士、法官、教授等的礼服或妇女的睡衣等，也指长袍。
robe: 指长袍，也指浴衣、晨衣。
coat: 指上衣、外衣、大衣、外套及女式上装。
n. 衣服，服装；外表，外观
 - clothes, person, array, thread, outside
vt. 给…穿衣服
 - dress sb. in

Word: bog
Front: bog
[bɒg] (宝 11278/8845 -2)
Vocabulary: bog
(once / 1032 pages)
1n 2v
You'd be pretty soggy by morning if you accidentally set your tent up in a bog. A bog is a swampy kind of ground made up mostly of decomposing plants and mosses.
Nothing can be built on a bog because the ground is so spongy and damp, and no crops can be grown there. The dried soil from a bog can, however, be dried and burned for fuel. A figurative bog is anything that you tend to get stuck in, like a bog of health problems. Things can also "bog you down", or slow you down literally or figuratively, like when your homework bogs you down so you can't enjoy the weekend.
WORD FAMILY
bog: bogged, bogging, boggy, bogs
USAGE EXAMPLES
Russia doesn't want to get bogged down in a long war and wants to hold Syria together and keep it as an ally.
Reuters(Dec 28, 2016)
“It’s refreshing to not be bogged down on the emotional side of it, just relax and play our game.”
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
And the resulting changes are certain to get bogged down in the courts for years.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 沼泽，泥塘; 沼泽地区; <英口>户外厕所
vt. （使）陷入泥沼
vi. 阻碍，使不能前进
时态：bogged, bogging, bogs
分布：沼泽(90%)，陷于困境(7%)，使 ... 陷于泥沼(3%)
→词源同bow, 弯。形容沼泽软泥般的容易陷进去。
【记】读：抱根。陷入沼泽后一定要找一个树根抱着dog救出bog里的主人
US [bɑ:g] noun
WET AREA 湿地
countable or uncountable
■soft, wet ground, or an area of this 泥塘；沼泽；沼泽地
UK [bɒg] US [bɑ:g] noun
TOILET 厕所
countable UK slang
■a toilet 厕所
• I'm just going to nip to the bog. 我正要跑去上厕所。
• We've run out of bog paper / roll. 我们的厕纸用完了。
UK [bɒg] US [bɑ:g] verb (-gg-)
UK [bɒg] US [bɑ:g] verb (-gg-)
  Phrasal Verbs  be/get bogged down
■to be/become so involved in something difficult or complicated that you cannot do anything else 陷于停滞状态
• Let's not get bogged down with individual complaints 我们不要被个别人的投诉束缚住手脚。
• UK Try not to get too bogged down in the details. 尽量不要被细节问题捆住手脚。
UK [bɒg] US [bɑ:g] verb (-gg-)
  Phrasal Verbs  bog off UK slang
■to go away 走开；离开，离去
• Bog off and leave me alone. 走开，别管我。
n. [地理] 沼泽；泥塘
 - cienaga, quagmire

Word: libel
Front: libel
[ˈlaɪbl] (托宝 15335/6711 -2)
Vocabulary: libel
(once / 1229 pages)
nv
Libel is the act of publishing a statement about someone that is not true and that gives a bad impression about the person.
Libel is usually contrasted with slander, which refers to a spoken statement that is not true. Both libel and slander are used in legal contexts. In Middle English, libel referred to a written declaration, from Anglo-French, from Latin libellus, from liber "book."
WORD FAMILY
libel: libeled, libeler, libeling, libelled, libelling, libelous, libels+/libeler: libelers/libelous: libelously
USAGE EXAMPLES
Other writings endorse the blood libel—the legend that Jews kill Christian children for ritual purposes.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
This alarmed his publisher so much it hired a libel lawyer to scan the manuscript for actionable statements.
Slate(Dec 20, 2016)
But for most of America’s history the courts operated with a repressive version of the libel law they inherited from the British empire.
The Guardian(Dec 03, 2016)
Back: n. 文字诽谤; 诋毁; 中伤; 诽谤罪
v. 对…进行诽谤; 发表文字诽谤
时态：libelled, libelling, libels
分布：诽谤(86%)，中伤(8%)，侮辱(4%)，损害名誉(1%)，诽谤的文字(1%)
→来自拉丁语liber,书，来自leup,剥下，削皮，词源同leaf,library,-el,小词后缀。即小书，引申词义小册子，诽谤书。
【记】lib＝lip，bel＝bell：嘴象铃铛一样的诽谤。
【参】slander（n /v 诽谤）；label（n 标签）；libellous（adj 损害名誉的）
noun countable or uncountable
■a piece of writing which contains bad and false things about a person （文字性的）诬蔑，诽谤，中伤
• She threatened to sue the magazine for libel. 她威胁说要起诉该杂志诽谤。
Compare slander
n. 诽谤罪；诋毁；毁坏名誉的东西；控诉书
 - denigration, traducement
vt. 中伤；控告；对…进行诽谤
 - law, traduce

Word: namely
Front: namely
[ˈneɪmli] (研四六雅 5524/3346 -2)
Vocabulary: namely
(once / 267 pages)
adv
The word namely is a way of saying, "That is to say." After the word namely, you find out the specifics of something.
We know people and things by their names. Maybe that's why the word namely is use to name the specific details of something that was previously said. You could say, "I have a new job: namely, as a teacher." Maybe you're afraid of an animal, namely, wolves. Namely means almost exactly the same thing as specifically and is followed by an example or examples. This word also works something like the colon, which also introduces information.
WORD FAMILY
namely
USAGE EXAMPLES
The clothing material itself, namely cotton, poses a separate threat to farmers.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Did hockey leagues divert precious resources — namely, young men — from duty, or were they vital to morale?
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
And it’s worth remembering what authoritarian regimes traditionally do to shift attention from failing policies, namely, find some foreigners to confront.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adv. 即，也就是; 换句话说; 亦即; 就是说
分布：即(85%)，也就是(15%)
→name,名字，-ly,形容词后缀。
ad.即,也就是Only one student passed the exam, namely Peter.只有一个学生通过了考试,就是彼得.
adverb
■used when you want to give more detail or be more exact about something you have just said 即，也就是说
• We need to get more teachers into the classrooms where they're most needed, namely in high poverty areas. 我们要让更多教师到最需要他们的课堂中去，也就是极度贫困地区的课堂。
• I learned an important lesson when I lost my job, namely that nothing is a hundred percent guaranteed. 我被解雇时得到了一个重要的教训，即没有任何事情是百分之百有保障的。
adv. 也就是；即是；换句话说
 - viz., i.e.

Word: philanthropist
Front: philanthropist
[fɪˈlænθrəpɪst] (14413/19730)
Vocabulary: philanthropist
(once / 1888 pages)
n
A philanthropist is a person who gives money or gifts to charities, or helps needy people in other ways. Famous examples include Andrew Carnegie and Bill & Melinda Gates.
In English, the -ist suffix describes a person who does a particular action. A philanthropist practices philanthropy. Philanthropists are wealthy people with a generous nature and a concern for human welfare. Philanthropy is from Late Latin philanthrōpia, from Greek, from philanthrōpos "humane, kind," from the prefix phil- plus anthrōpos "man, mankind."
WORD FAMILY
philanthropist: philanthropists+/ philanthropic: philanthropically/ philanthropy: philanthropic, philanthropies, philanthropist
USAGE EXAMPLES
Nine journalists were also on board, as was Yelizaveta P. Glinka, a prominent philanthropist and aid worker.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Journalists, military personnel and a renowned Russian doctor and philanthropist were also on board.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
The flight also carried nine journalists and a prominent Russian philanthropist.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 慈善家
分布：慈善家(89%)，博爱主义者(7%)，博爱的人(4%)
博爱主义者(phil爱＋anthrop人＋ist→爱人的家→博爱家)[anthrop=man,human,表示"人,人类"]
noun countable
■a person who helps the poor, especially by giving them money 慈善家
• a donation from a wealthy 19th-century philanthropist 一位19世纪富有的慈善家的捐款
n. 慈善家，博爱主义者；乐善好施的人
 - charitarian, humanitarian

Word: vivid
Front: vivid
[ˈvɪvɪd] (高研四六托雅宝 5539/5560 -2)
Vocabulary: vivid
(once / 224 pages)
adj
Vivid is an adjective that describes a bold and bright color, an intense feeling, or an image in your mind that is so clear you can almost touch it.
Sometimes you have a vivid dream that feels so real that even when you wake up, you can’t tell if the dream is really over. In that dream, perhaps there were flowers with deep, rich, and vivid colors that looked like they were painted. Vivid comes from the Latin vivere, which means “to live,” and vivid memories do seem to live on.
WORD FAMILY
vivid: vivider, vividest, vividly, vividness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Although set in Australia with vivid wilderness descriptions, his theme that you “attempt to tame nature at your peril” is universal.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
If there’s something for everyone on “Coconut Oil,” there’s also a personality vivid enough to hold it all together.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
At the CIA’s annual Memorial Wall ceremony in 2000, Kirzinger said Tenet’s vivid remarks about the slain operatives inspired his project.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 生动的; （记忆、描述等）清晰的; （人的想像）丰富的; （光、颜色等）鲜艳的，耀眼的
分布：生动的(65%)，鲜艳的(26%)，栩栩如生的(9%)
→来自拉丁语vivus,活的，有生命的，来自gweie,存活，词源同biology,vital,zoo.
活泼的;生动的(viv+id)[vivvitvig=life,表示"生命"]
a.鲜艳的;生动的,栩栩如生的The pious man is dubious about the vicious civilian's vivid description of his vicinity to his wife.虔诚的男子对邪恶的平民生动的描述他与其妻子的密切(关系)半信半疑.
adjective
 ADVANCED
■Vivid descriptions, memories, etc. produce very clear, powerful and detailed images in the mind （描述、记忆等）栩栩如生的，鲜活的，生动的
• He gave a very vivid and often shocking account/description of his time in prison. 他生动地讲述／描述了他的狱中生活，他说的常让人觉得很震惊。
• He's one of those people with a very vivid imagination - every time he hears a noise he's convinced it's someone breaking in. 他是那种想像力异常丰富的人——每次听到声响都以为是有人闯进来了。
 ADVANCED
■very brightly coloured （颜色）鲜艳的，明亮的
• She was wearing a vivid pink shirt. 她穿着一件鲜艳的粉红色衬衫。
picturesque, lively, vivid, pictorial
这组词都有“生动的”的意思，其区别是：
picturesque: 既指景色、人物等犹如图画般美丽，又可指文艺作品的风格绚丽多彩，尤指一种原始粗犷的美。
lively: 普通用词，与vivid可通用。
vivid: 普通用词，侧重有强烈的实际感或逼真感，使人富于想象或留下深刻的印象。
pictorial: 强调产生或制造生动的效果。
diverse, vivid, alive, mobile
diverse: 多种多样的，不同的
vivid: （记忆，描述）清晰的， 逼真的，（光，颜色）鲜艳的，耀眼的
alive: 活着的，有活力的，继续存在的
mobile: 易于快速移动的，易变的，流动的
adj. 生动的；鲜明的；鲜艳的
 - telling, live, bright

Word: preoccupy
Front: preoccupy
[priˈɒkjupaɪ] (21502/19335 -1)
Vocabulary: preoccupy
(once / 878 pages)
v
Things that preoccupy you engross or enthrall you — they suck up all of your attention and energy, sometimes to an unhealthy degree. If funny thoughts preoccupy you at a funeral, try not to laugh out loud.
For some teenagers, thoughts about how they appear to others can easily preoccupy them, while others let their concern about grades and college applications preoccupy them. It's important to spend some time thinking about these things, but allowing them to preoccupy you can be stressful and unpleasant. Preoccupy comes from the Latin word praeoccupare, "seize beforehand."
WORD FAMILY
preoccupy: preoccupation, preoccupied, preoccupies, preoccupying+/ occupancy: occupancies/ occupant: occupants/ occupation: occupational, occupations/ occupational: occupationally/ occupied: occupiedly, unoccupied/ occupier: occupiers/ occupy: occupancy, occupant, occupation, occupied, occupier, occupies, occupying, preoccupy / preoccupation: preoccupations/ preoccupied: preoccupancy, preoccupiedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
But in an academic field that is preoccupied with the study of efficiency and productivity, Grant would seem to be the most efficient and productive.
New York Times(Mar 27, 2013)
Although this discussion is preoccupied with emails, the potential applicability to certain scathing late-night Trump tweets is obvious.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Instead, he and his team were preoccupied with a large turtle shell that was on the other side of the same rock.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vt. 占据（某人）思想，使对…全神贯注，使专心于
时态：preoccupied, preoccupying, preoccupies
分布：先占(51%)，迷住(33%)，使专注于(16%)
→pre-,在前，早于，预先，occupy,占据。引申词义忧心，担心。
US [-'ɑ:.kju:-] verb transitive
■to be the main thought in someone's mind, causing other things to be forgotten 使全神贯注，使入神
• Economic concerns are preoccupying the voters in this election. 选民在这次选举中最为关心的是经济问题。
vt. 迷住；使全神贯注
 - possess, spell

Word: rouse
Front: rouse
[raʊz] (研四六雅 10921/10108 -1)
Vocabulary: rouse
(once / 189 pages)
v
When someone calls out "rise and shine," they are trying to rouse you, to make you wake up.
It's thought that the word rouse was originally a 15th-century term used by hawkers for the way the birds shook out their feathers when agitated. That gives a nice mental picture to the word, and it does fit: rouse means to become awake, excited, or just plain keyed up, like those birds ruffling their feathers. Consider that when first roused in the morning, many people have to shake themselves to get ready to face the day.
WORD FAMILY
rouse: roused, rouser, rouses, rousing +/rouser: rousers/ rousing: rousingest, rousingly, rousings
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It was a slap in the face, man,” the friend, Ronnie Rouse, told Jones.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Well, like a lot of what Palmer says, this is smart and witty and rousing.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
“Here at Pearl Harbor, where America fought its first battle of the Second World War, it roused a nation,” Obama said.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: v. 叫醒，惊醒; 鼓励，鼓舞; 使发脾气; 使振奋
n. 觉醒; 奋起; [军]<英>起床号; 干杯
vi. 醒来; 奋起
时态：roused, rousing, rouses
分布：唤醒(49%)，激起(23%)，奋起(15%)，觉醒(13%)
→来自古法语 reuser,摇摆，晃动，原指猎鹰晃动羽毛，词源同 ruse,进一步词源不详。引申词 义唤醒。
vt./vi.唤醒,唤起;激励;激起I was roused by the telephone bell.我被电话铃声惊醒.
【参】arouse（v 唤醒；鼓励）
【反】mollify（v 平息）；quell（v 镇压）
verb transitive
■to wake someone up or make someone more active or excited 唤醒；激励，使觉醒，使奋起
• He roused himself (from a pleasant daydream) and got back to work. 他不再沉迷（于甜蜜的白日梦中），开始重新投入工作。
• The speaker attempted to rouse the crowd with a cry for action. 演讲者高声呼吁大家行动起来，试图激发群众的热情。
waken, rouse, wake, arouse, awake
这组词都有“唤醒、醒来”的意思，其区别是：
waken: 书面用词，常用于被动态和引申意义。
rouse: 较正式用词，用主动语态时，强调弄醒别人的努力，用被动语态时，指轻而易举地醒过来。可用于引申意义。
wake: 普通常用词，指真正的醒来。即可作及物动词也可作不及物动词。
arouse: 除表示一般的唤醒外，多作引申用。
awake: 正式用词，常指觉醒、警惕的状态，也多用于比喻。
vt. 唤醒；激起，使振奋；惊起
 - arouse, wake sb. up
vi. 醒来；奋起
 - wake up, waken up
n. 觉醒；奋起
 - arousal, wakefulness

Word: segregation
Front: segregation
[ˌsegrɪˈgeɪʃn] (7337/10459)
Vocabulary: segregation
(once / 2486 pages)
n
Segregation is a system that keeps different groups separate from each other, either through physical dividers or using social pressures and laws.
The Latin root literally means “separated from the flock,” and splitting a big flock of sheep into smaller groups is segregation. For many decades in the United States, “separate but equal” was the phrase used to describe the unjust racial segregation of black people and white people. There are harmless types of segregation as well, like "the segregation of dog food and human food in your cupboards."
WORD FAMILY
segregation: segregationism, segregations+/desegregate: desegregated, desegregates, desegregating, desegregation / segregate: desegregate, segregated, segregates, segregating, segregation, segregator/ segregated: nonsegregated, unsegregated/segregationism: segregationist / segregationist: segregationists/segregator: segregators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Roof believed segregation needed to return to keep white people from falling to the level of blacks.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Wallace is infamous for declaring “segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever” in his 1963 inaugural address.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
This article is written as if the on-board segregation of rich and poor were new.
New York Times(Apr 23, 2016)
Back: n. 分离，隔离; 种族隔离; [化]分离，偏析; 熔析
分布：隔离(49%)，种族隔离(29%)，分离(22%)
→segregate,分离，隔离，-ion,名词后缀。引申词义隔离政策，隔离措施等。
(种族)隔离(segregate+ion)[greg=group,表示"群体"]
N-UNCOUNT
(因种族、性别、宗教不同而采取的)隔离措施，隔离政策
Segregation is the official practice of keeping people apart, usually people of different sexes, races, or religions.
例：The Supreme Court unanimously ruled that racial segregation in schools was unconstitutional...联邦最高法院一致裁定学校实行的种族隔离措施违反宪法。
例：Connecticut agreed to end its segregation of prison inmates suffering from AIDS.康涅狄格州同意不再隔离患艾滋病的囚犯。
n. 隔离， [遗] 分离；种族隔离
 - separation, insulation, isolation

Word: confession
Front: confession
[kənˈfeʃn] (托 4818/5983 -2)
Vocabulary: confession
(once / 222 pages)
1n 2n
A confession is an admission of guilt, fault, or a mistake.
You’ve probably seen TV shows or movies where a detective says to a suspect "Confess!" The detective is trying to get a confession, which is a statement that admits some type of guilt. "I killed the mayor!" is a confession. "I forgot your birthday" is a confession. In some religions, confession is a sacrament where people admit their sins and seek forgiveness. When people have something painful to admit, they often start by saying, "I have a confession to make."
WORD FAMILY
confession: confessional, confessions+/ confess: confessed, confessedly, confesses, confessing, confession, confessor/confessed: self-confessed, unconfessed/confessional: confessionals/confessor: confessors/unconfessed: unconfessedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
His two-hour confession to the FBI seemed key to jurors’ deliberation.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But without evidence, they were unable to secure a confession.
BBC(Dec 25, 2016)
Despite tens of thousands of tips, Jacob’s disappearance remained unsolved until Heinrich’s confession.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 承认，自首; 忏悔; 供认状; 信条，教义
分布：忏悔(52%)，招供(23%)，自白(22%)，自认(3%)
坦白[fess=speak,表示"说"]
noun countable or uncountable
 ADVANCED
■when you admit that you have done something wrong or illegal 坦白；供认，招认；承认
• I've got a bit of a confession to make - I've lost that book you lent me. 我要承认一件事——我把你借给我的那本书丢了。
• I can't ask for help. It feels like a confession of failure. 我不能请求帮助，那感觉就像是承认失败。
• Confession is the first stage of coming to terms with what you've done. 坦白是你正视自己所作所为的第一步。
• He made a full confession to the police. 他向警方甚么都招了。
■when a Christian tells God or, especially in the Roman Catholic Church, tells a priest formally and privately, what they have done wrong so that they can be forgiven 忏悔，告罪
• Have you been to confession recently? 你最近进行过忏悔吗？
• The priest heard his confession. 神父听取了他的忏悔。
n. 忏悔，告解；供认
 - shrift, peccavi

Word: betrayal
Front: betrayal
[bɪˈtreɪəl] (7284/8604 -1)
Vocabulary: betrayal
(once / 2130 pages)
n
Betrayal means "an act of deliberate disloyalty," like when your friend told other people all your secrets. What a betrayal!
Betrayal's root is betray, which comes from the Middle English word bitrayen — meaning "mislead, deceive." Betrayal has to do with destroying someone's trust, possibly by lying. If you start dating your best friend's girlfriend behind his back, that's an act of betrayal. Betrayal can also mean "helping an enemy," such as a person who gives secret information to a country that is at war with his or her own.
WORD FAMILY
betrayal: betrayals+/ betray: betrayal, betrayed, betrayer, betraying, betrays/betrayer: betrayers
USAGE EXAMPLES
“We have reviewed the language, and it is an absolute betrayal,” Strada said.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Those things were a betrayal of the revolution, and it is important to acknowledge that.
The Guardian(Nov 30, 2016)
But this has been the pattern since the beginning: bouts of enchantment followed by waves of despair, leaving feelings of betrayal all around.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 背叛，背信; 泄密; 辜负; 引诱
分布：背叛(98%)，暴露(2%)
noun countable or uncountable
■an act of betraying someone or something, or when someone or something is betrayed 背叛，被出卖
• This was the first in a series of betrayals. 这是一系列背叛事件中的第一件。
• I felt a sense of betrayal when my friends refused to support me. 当朋友拒绝支持我时，我有一种被出卖的感觉。
n. 背叛；辜负；暴露
 - reveal, defection

Word: convoy
Front: convoy
[ˈkɒnvɔɪ] (托宝 8446/6616 -2)
Vocabulary: convoy
(once / 866 pages)
nv
To travel in a convoy is to be escorted by a group of protective vehicles. If you are a teenage rock star with millions of fans, you probably need a security convoy just to go visit your grandmother.
If the President visits your town, you may see a huge convoy of secret service vehicles, limousines, and police cars. Ships can also travel in convoys, with those carrying valuable items surrounded by warships. As a verb, convoy describes the act of traveling together, like when your family and other families convoy to a camp ground, driving in a group, making stops together, and waving to each other on the highway.
WORD FAMILY
convoy: convoyed, convoying, convoys
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the early hours of Monday 4 January a convoy of police vehicles pulled up in the ground-floor garage of the U-shaped installation.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Hospitals and schools were repeatedly hit and UN relief supplies were suspended after an aid convoy was strafed.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
The Old Bailey heard the high-profile convoys led by the Muslim community became unwitting vehicles for the plan to fund terrorism.
BBC(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 护航队; 护送; 被护送者
vt. 护航; 护送
时态：convoyed, convoying, convoys
分布：护航(40%)，护送(26%)，护卫(24%)，护航队(9%)，警护(1%)
→con-, 强调。-voy, 路，词源同via, way. 即护送上路的队伍。
护航,护送(con一起+voy走→一起走→护送)[vi,via,voy=way,表示"道路"]
【记】con共同，voy路，看－一路上有很多人照看－护送，护航convey（vt 搬运；转让）需要convoy
US ['kɑ:n-] noun countable
■a group of vehicles or ships which travel together, especially for protection （尤指护卫）舰队，车队
• A convoy of trucks containing supplies was sent to the famine area. 一支满载补给品的车队被派往饥荒严重的地区。
in convoy
■travelling one behind another in a row 结队而行
• Shall we all drive to the party in convoy so we don't get lost? 我们结队开车去参加聚会，免得迷路，好吗？
UK ['kɒn.vɔɪ] US ['kɑ:n-] verb transitive
■to travel with a vehicle or group of people to make certain that they arrive safely 护卫，护送
• Two tanks convoyed the trucks across the border. 两辆坦克护送卡车穿越边境。
vt. 护航； [军] 护送
 - escort

Word: detection
Front: detection
[dɪˈtekʃn] (四六宝 6216/6133 -1)
Vocabulary: detection
(once / 1416 pages)
n
Detection is the act of noticing or discovering something. At the airport, you might see German Shepherds trained in the detection of drug smuggling or explosives in luggage.
Detection, detect, detective, detector — all are about noticing and discovering. A detective looks for clues that lead to the detection of the person who committed a crime. A metal detector is a machine created for the detection of coins people have left behind on the beach. Some teachers seem to have a third eye they use primarily for the detection of kids passing notes, or checking their cell phones during class.
WORD FAMILY
detection: detections+/ detect: detectable, detected, detecting, detection, detective, detector, detects/ detectable: detectably, undetectable/detected: undetected/ detective: detectives/ detector: detectors/undetectable: undetectably
USAGE EXAMPLES
Indiana will get $200,000 for information gathering and rapid detection of microcephaly.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Providence, who was on supervised release stemming from a gun charge from 2013, was charged with tampering with a detection device.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
“Ten Questions For Fake News Detection” helps teachers and students comb through an article to find tell-tale signs of falsehood.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 侦查; 察觉; 发觉; 检查
分布：探测(63%)，察觉(15%)，侦查(15%)，发觉(7%)
发觉(detect+ion)[tect=cover,表示"盖上"]
【记】de去掉，tect遮盖－去掉遮盖－发现
【参】protection（n 保护）；detect（v 察觉，发现）；detective（n 侦探（调查犯罪并获取证据的人））
noun uncountable
■when someone notices or discovers something 察觉；发现
• Early detection of the cancer improves the chances of successful treatment. 及早发现癌症能提高治愈的机率。
• bomb detection 炸弹探测
■when the police discover information about crimes 侦破（案件）
• a low/high crime detection rate 低／高破案率
n. 侦查，探测；发觉，发现；察觉
 - exploration, discovery, occurrence, find

Word: exploitation
Front: exploitation
[ˌeksplɔɪˈteɪʃn] (研六托 6888/4853)
Vocabulary: exploitation
(once / 1807 pages)
n
Have you ever seen pictures of poor sick children in advertisements and wondered if they were being used for someone's profit? If this is the case, call it exploitation.
When you’re talking about natural resources or knowledge rather than people, exploitation meaning "the fullest most profitable use of something" is not a bad thing. The exploitation of recycled materials can only be beneficial to our pollution problems. When people suffer under exploitation, however, it means their misfortune is being used for another's profit. Child labor, sweatshop work and debt slavery are all forms of exploitation.
WORD FAMILY
exploitation: exploitations+/ exploit: exploitation, exploitative, exploitatory, exploited, exploiter, exploiting, exploitive, exploits, overexploit/exploitative: exploitatively/ exploited: unexploited/ exploiter: exploiters/overexploit: overexploitation, overexploited, overexploiting
USAGE EXAMPLES
To the contrary, free markets frequently teem with manipulation, exploitation and deception.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
If these costs were included in the price of fossil-fuel extraction and consumption, the price would no longer be “right” for the exploitation of ANWR.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Regardless of the intentions of those on whom it is bequeathed, celebrity is the lieutenant of exploitation.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 开发; 利用; 剥削; 广告推销
分布：开发(53%)，利用(19%)，剥削(18%)，开采(10%)
→来自exploit, 剥削，利用。
noun uncountable
GOOD USE 善用
■when you use something well so that you get an advantage from it 开发利用
• Britain's exploitation of its natural gas reserves began after the Second World War. 二战后英国开始开发其天然气资源。
[ˌek.splɔɪ'teɪ.ʃən] noun uncountable
UNFAIR USE 不公平地使用
 ADVANCED
■when someone uses someone else unfairly for their own advantage （出于私利的）利用；剥削
• Marx wrote about the exploitation of the workers. 马克思著书论述了劳工受剥削的情况。
n. 开发，开采；利用；广告推销
 - development, utilization, using

Word: theorist
Front: theorist
[ˈθɪərɪst] (6290/5883 -1)
Vocabulary: theorist
(once / 3187 pages)
n
Someone who considers given facts and comes up with a possible explanation is called a theorist. Theorists observe various phenomena and use reasoning to come up with practical ideas that must be proven.
Theorists come up with abstract ideas and then spend their lives trying to prove them. Perhaps the most famous theorist was Albert Einstein, whose theory of relativity is arguably the most famous ever presented. Still, an idea can always be disputed until proven, and theorists are often scoffed at. Einstein himself once said, "No one but a theorist believes his theory; everyone puts faith in a laboratory result but the experimenter himself."
WORD FAMILY
theorist: theorists+/ theoretical: theoretically/theoretician: theoreticians/theorise: theorisation, theorised, theoriser, theorises, theorising/theoriser: theorisers/theorization: theorizations/theorize: theorization, theorized, theorizer, theorizes, theorizing/theorizer: theorizers/ theory: theoretic, theoretical, theoretician, theories, theorise, theorist, theorize
USAGE EXAMPLES
And it would raise the bar – a lot – for conspiracy theorists.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Danielle Allen is a political theorist at Harvard University and a contributing columnist for The Post.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
If so, merging black holes should produce gravitational wave echoes, some theorists predict.
Science Magazine(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 理论家; 学说创立人; 空论家
分布：理论家(100%)
→theory,理论，-ist,人。
US ['θi:.ɚ.ɪst] noun countable
■someone who develops ideas about the explanation for events 理论家
• a political theorist 政治理论家
n. 理论家
 - egghead, ideologist

Word: overrun
Front: overrun
[ˌəʊvəˈrʌn] (雅 11253/14156 -1)
Back: vt. 超过（范围）; （尤指坏事或不欲之事）泛滥; 蹂躏; 蔓延
n. 泛滥成灾; 超过限度
vi. 泛滥; 超过限度
时态：overran, overrun, overrunning, overruns
分布：泛滥(59%)，侵占(25%)，超越(11%)，流行于(5%)
→over-,在上，超过，run,跑。引申词义赶上，超过。
US [ˌoʊ.vɚ-] (overrunning, overran, overrun)
verb
FILL 装满
   transitive
■If unwanted people or things overrun, they fill a place quickly and in large numbers （有害的人或事物）肆虐，横行，泛滥
• Rebel soldiers overran the embassy last night. 昨晚叛乱士兵侵占了大使馆。
• Our kitchen is overrun with cockroaches. 我们的厨房蟑螂横行。
UK [ˌəʊ.və'rʌn] US [ˌoʊ.vɚ-] (overrunning, overran, overrun)
verb
GO PAST 超过
   intransitive or transitive
■to continue past an intended limit, especially a finishing time or a cost 超越，超过（尤指完成期限或费用）
• My evening class overran by ten minutes. 我的夜校课延迟了10分钟。
• It looks as if we're going to overrun our budget. 看上去我们要超出预算了。
vt. 泛滥；超过；蹂躏
 - better than, top
vi. 泛滥；蔓延
 - creep, to spread

Word: cowboy
Front: cowboy
[ˈkaʊbɔɪ] (高托 5048/8757 -2)
Vocabulary: cowboy
(once / 621 pages)
1n 2n
A cowboy is a ranch worker whose job is to herd or tend cattle while riding a horse. If you visit a ranch, you may get to watch cowboys doing tricks with lassos.
Cowboys work hard caring for herds of cattle, and they are experts at doing their jobs on horseback. Many cowboys also perform in rodeos, either for money or just for fun. A cowboy is traditionally male, and while there are women who do the same work on ranches, they're typically called cowgirls. The word cowboy dates from the early 1800s in the Western United States — sometimes these ranch workers were called cowhands or cowpokes.
WORD FAMILY
cowboy: cowboys
USAGE EXAMPLES
That includes a three-game losing streak to end the year in which the Lions were outscored by the Giants, Cowboys and Packers 90-51.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
It’s splitting hairs, but Howard was working in an offense that was nowhere near that of the Cowboys.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The Cowboys will open against Green Bay, New York or Detroit on Jan. 15 at 4:40 p.m.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 牛仔; 牧童; 富有冒险精神的英雄; [俚语]莽撞的人
分布：牛仔(100%)
→来自cow和boy的组合词。
noun countable
FARM WORKER 农场工人 (also cowhand)
■a person, especially in the western US, whose job is to take care of cattle , and who usually rides a horse, or a similar character in a film （尤指美国西部的）牛仔，牧人
• The ranch employed ten or twelve cowboys. 牧场雇了十一二个牛仔。
• He was wearing cowboy boots and a cowboy hat. 他脚蹬牛仔靴，头戴牛仔帽。
• I don't much like cowboy films/movies. 我不大喜欢看牛仔片。
['kaʊ.bɔɪ] noun countable
DISHONEST PERSON 不诚实的人 UK informal
■someone who is not honest, careful or skilful in their trade or business, or someone who ignores rules that most people obey and is therefore not considered to be responsible 弄虚作假的商人；粗心大意的人；不负责任的人，莽撞鬼
• Those builders are a bunch of cowboys - they made a terrible job of our extension. 那些建筑商是一帮不负责任的奸商——他们把我们的扩建工程弄得一团糟。
n. 牛仔；牧童；莽撞的人
 - buckaroo, cowpuncher

Word: blackout
Front: blackout
[ˈblækaʊt] (11202/16227 -1)
Vocabulary: blackout
(once / 6331 pages)
1n 2n
A blackout is a sudden loss of electricity in a town or city. If you experience a blackout, it's helpful to have flashlights and candles handy.
During a war or an energy crisis, a city may impose a blackout on its citizens, requiring them to turn off all lights and, during bombing raids, to cover windows and limit activity. There is also a figurative kind of blackout, when a government suppresses information deliberately, not allowing newspapers and TV stations to report what's really happening. Someone who faints or passes out experiences yet another kind of blackout, a loss of consciousness.
WORD FAMILY
blackout: blackouts
USAGE EXAMPLES
Cybersecurity experts say a hack in December 2015 destabilized Kiev’s power grid, causing a blackout in part of the Ukrainian capital.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
There are severe electricity blackouts, so the hospital operates most of the time on generators.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Internet monitoring groups believe the outages are calculated blackouts designed to block the spread of militant propaganda.
BBC(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 灯火管制; 灯火熄灭; 暂时失去知觉
分布：断电(49%)，灯火管制(41%)，暂时的意识丧失(10%)
noun countable
HIDE 掩藏
■a time when all lights must be hidden by law, or when there is no light or power because of an electricity failure 灯火管制时期；断电时期；断电，停电
• war-time blackouts 战时灯火管制
• Power lines were blown down and we had a blackout of several hours. 电线被吹断了，我们停了几个小时电。
■the action taken to make certain that information about something is not reported to the public 消息封锁
• a news blackout 新闻封锁
['blæk.aʊt] noun countable
UNCONSCIOUSNESS 昏迷
■a short period of unconsciousness 暂时晕倒；暂时失去知觉
• He can't drive because he suffers from blackouts. 因为短暂昏迷他无法开车。
n. 灯火管制；灯火熄灭；暂时的意识丧失
 - dimout

Word: explorer
Front: explorer
[ɪk'splɔːrə(r)] (高托 7763/9840)
Vocabulary: explorer
(once / 1632 pages)
n
An explorer is a person who sets out to discover something by going somewhere unfamiliar. You might think Marco Polo is just a game to play in the pool, but Marco Polo was actually a famous explorer in the 13th Century.
In ancient Greece, the explorer Pytheas travelled to what is now Great Britain and Germany, and the Chinese explorer Wang Dayuan explored the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea in the second century BCE. More recently, explorers have voyaged to the moon and outer space. Before the late seventeenth century, this kind of adventurer was called an exploratour, from the Latin root explorare, "examine or investigate."
WORD FAMILY
explorer: explorers+/ exploration: explorations/explorative: exploratively, nonexplorative, unexplorative/exploratory: nonexploratory, unexploratory/ explore: exploration, explorative, exploratory, explored, explorer, explores, exploring, re-explore/explored: unexplored
USAGE EXAMPLES
The property is popular among explorers who post videos online.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Without power, we reverted to the things explorers relied on 100 years ago.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Navy explorers died in the Gap while looking to cut a nautical channel from the Caribbean to the Pacific.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 探险家; 勘探者; 探测器; [医]探针
分布：探险者(86%)，探测者(14%)
US [-rɚ] noun countable
■someone who travels to places where no one has ever been in order to find out what is there 勘探者；考察者；探险者
• Magellan was a famous sixteenth-century explorer. 麦哲伦是16世纪著名的探险家。
n. 探险家；探测者，探测器
 - finder, prober

Word: sanguine
Front: sanguine
[ˈsæŋgwɪn] (宝 16915/18867 -1)
Vocabulary: sanguine
(once / 1217 pages)
1adj 2adjn
If you're sanguine about a situation, that means you're optimistic that everything's going to work out fine.
Sanguine is from Latin sanguis "blood" and originally meant "bloody" — in medieval medicine it described someone whose ruddy complexion was a sign of an optimistic outlook. That was back when people thought that "bodily humors" like blood were responsible for your attitudes. Now that we no longer believe in humors, sanguine has settled down as a fancy way to say someone is cheerfully confident. Experts are frequently described as feeling sanguine about a political or economic situation — or not sanguine, if they think we're going to hell in a handbasket.
WORD FAMILY
sanguine: sanguinely, sanguineness, sanguineous, sanguines, sanguinest, sanguinity
USAGE EXAMPLES
And why was Bainbridge so apparently sanguine about sitting through ceremony after ceremony?
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
He was sanguine about whether the Trump connection, past or present, may dissuade some viewers from tuning in after the bitterly divisive presidential election.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
While officials tout the recent drop in assassinations by the Taliban as progress, locals on the group's hit-list are less sanguine.
Reuters(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: adj. 乐观的，充满希望的; 面色红润的; 血红色的
n. 血红色; 自信，乐观
分布：红润的(38%)，血红色(27%)，自信的(22%)，乐天的(13%)
→来自拉丁语 sanguinis,血的，所有格形式于 sanguis,血，来自*san,血，来自 es-ro,血，来 自*es,血，词源同 iron,sister,sanguinary.引申词义有血色的，面色红润的，乐观的等。
血色的;乐天的(满面红光表示乐观)[Sanguin=blood,表示"血"]
【记】sangui三桂，ne：吴三桂是个地方权贵，所以乐观的；脸色红润的
【反】morose（adj 郁闷的）；despondent（adj 沮丧的）；hopeless（adj 没有希望的）
['sæŋ.gwɪn] formal
adjective
■(of someone or their character) positive and hopeful 乐观的，乐天的
• They are less sanguine about the prospects for peace. 他们对和平的前景不看好。
⇒ See also optimistic
adj. 乐观的；满怀希望的；面色红润的
 - optimistic, rose-colored
vt. 血染；以血沾污
 - ensanguine

Word: saddle
Front: saddle
[ˈsædl] (研四六托雅宝 6217/6599 -2)
Vocabulary: saddle
(once / 187 pages)
nv
A saddle is a leather seat for horseback riders. If you saddle something, you either put a saddle on it or you burden it with something else. If you buy an expensive saddle for example. you may be saddled (or burdened) with debt.
A saddle makes a horse's rider more comfortable and secure — and if you ever ride a camel, you'll also sit on a saddle. As a verb, to saddle means "to put a saddle on an animal," although it also has the figurative meaning of "to burden." Your excessive spending might saddle you with debt, or your position as the oldest of eight siblings could saddle you with too much responsibility.
WORD FAMILY
saddle: saddled, saddler, saddlery, saddles, saddling, unsaddle+/saddler: saddlers/saddlery: saddleries/unsaddle: unsaddled, unsaddles, unsaddling
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It’s the same situation, financially struggling and trying to get myself back into the saddle,” Mr. Canunayon said.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The expansion will add 14,000 square feet to the Saddle Peak Lodge to provide more room for the ski school and additional lockers.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Poor old Ebenezer Scrooge, saddled with that sharp and ungainly first name.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 马鞍; （自行车或摩托车的）车座; 鞍形架，鞍状物; （动物的）脊肉
vt. & vi. 给（马）装鞍
vt. 使承担
时态：saddled, saddling, saddles
分布：鞍(88%)，车座(7%)，装以马鞍(1%)，使负担(1%)，当权(1%)，装马鞍(1%)，山脊(1%)
→来自古英语 sadol,马鞍，来自 Proto-Germanic*sathulaz,座位，来自 sed,坐，坐下，词源 同 sit,,seat,sedentary.
n.鞍,马鞍,鞍状物The odd man added an additional riddle to the middle of the saddle.那个怪人把一个额外的谜语添加到鞍座中间.
【记】sad＝sit（v 坐），dle：坐的地方－马鞍，引申为“承受”
noun
SEAT 座位
 ADVANCED countable
■a seat, often made of leather, used on a horse, bicycle, motorcycle, etc. 马鞍；（脚踏车、摩托车等的）座垫，鞍座
• He swung himself into the saddle and rode off. 他跨上马鞍，骑马走了。
⇒ See also sidesaddle
in the saddle
■riding a horse 骑马
■in charge or in control 掌握，控制
• The chairman is back in the saddle after his heart attack. 心脏病愈之后，主席又重新掌权了。
['sæd.l] noun
MEAT 肉
countable or uncountable
■a large piece of meat taken from the middle of the back of an animal （动物的）脊肉
• saddle of lamb 羊脊肉
['sæd.l] verb transitive
■to put a saddle on a horse 给（马）套上马鞍
• She saddled (up) the horse for her friend. 她为朋友备好了马鞍。
['sæd.l] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  saddle sb with sth informal
■to give someone a responsibility or problem which they do not want and which will cause them a lot of work or difficulty 使（某人）负担，使（某人）承担（重任或难题）
• The company is saddled with debt. 公司负债累累。
n. 鞍，鞍状物； [车辆] 车座；拖具
 - sella
vt. 承受；使负担；装以马鞍
 - absorb, burden

Word: trio
Front: trio
[ˈtri:əʊ] (宝 6491/6580 -2)
Vocabulary: trio
(once / 1017 pages)
n
Whether it’s birds, opera singers, aces, or golfers, you can use the word trio to refer to anything made up of three.
You can probably tell by tri- that trio involves three of something. It’s often used to describe a musical arrangement featuring three vocal parts or three different instruments, or a musical group made up of three players, such as a jazz trio consisting of a piano player, a bass player, and a drummer. For those not musically inclined, the word can be used more broadly to refer to three of anything, such as a trio of friends.
WORD FAMILY
trio: trios
USAGE EXAMPLES
Police say the trio used a pry-bar and hammer to break into HGK Holdings jewelry wholesaler on West 36th Street at about 11 p.m.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The headline-grabbing arch conservative from Spartanburg County faced a trio of opponents in his primary battle to win a third term in the Senate.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Democrats demanded more oversight of handover of the $4.2 billion to a trio of private insurers.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 三重奏; 三人一组; 三重奏[三重唱]乐曲; （小步舞曲、谐谑曲等的）中段
分布：三个一组(100%)
→来自意大利语 trio,三重奏，来自 tri-, 三，拼写基于 duo,二重奏。
US [-oʊ] noun (plural trios)
 ADVANCED countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■a group of three people or things 三人一组；三件套；三合一
• There was disappointment for our trio of 200 metre runners, all of whom failed to reach the final. 我们参加200米跑的三位选手都令人很失望，没有一个进入决赛。
 ADVANCED countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■a group of three musicians or singers who perform together 三重奏；三重唱
• Many jazz trios consist of a piano, guitar and double bass. 许多爵士三重奏均由钢琴、吉他和低音提琴组成。
countable
■a piece of music that has been written to be performed by three people 三重奏曲；三重唱曲
• The final item in today's programme is Beethoven's Trio in B flat, Opus 11. 今天的最后一个曲目是贝多芬的三重奏曲，降B调，作品第11号。
n. 三重唱；三件一套；三个一组
 - triplet, triad

Word: conjure
Front: conjure
[ˈkʌndʒə(r)] (托宝 7727/7562 -1)
Vocabulary: conjure
(once / 604 pages)
1v 2v 3v
If your mom can magically conjure up the most delicious meals from the most random ingredients in the kitchen, she might just be the best cook in the neighborhood.
Sometimes the mere sight or smell of something can conjure or stir up long lost memories, magically transporting you back to another place and time. But in the early 13th century, conjure was a bit more sinister — it meant using a spell to capture a demon to do one's bidding. In our modern day, conjure still carries the meaning of summoning a spirit, but it more regularly means to summon an idea or bring something into existence.
WORD FAMILY
conjure: conjuration, conjured, conjurer, conjures, conjuring, conjuror, conjury+/conjuration: conjurations/conjurer: conjurers/conjuring: conjurings/conjuror: conjurors/conjury: conjuries
USAGE EXAMPLES
I conjure his voice and respond to it, preserving his presence in my life.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Most conjure the show’s themes with techniques that considerably predate Thomas Edison.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
The year was haunted by a sense of doom conjured by the candidates themselves, who argued that choosing the other would summon the apocalypse.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 用魔术变出; 祈求，恳求
vi. 变戏法; 施魔法; 以咒文召唤
时态：conjured, conjuring, conjures
分布：恳求(43%)，唤起(24%)，变戏法(20%)，以咒文召唤(13%)
→con-, 强调。-jur, 发誓，念咒，词源同abjure, jurist.
恳求;变魔术(con全部+jure发誓→拼命发誓→恳求别人;引申为变魔术)[jur,juris=swear,law,表示"发誓,法律"]
【记】con共同，jure发誓－共同发誓－祈求（想象一下一万个农民求雨的场景）读：看这儿！看这儿！我要大变活人了！！
【参】abjure（vt 发誓放弃；避免）；perjury（n 伪誓；伪证）
US [-dʒɚ] verb intransitive or transitive
■to make something appear by magic, or as if by magic 变戏法；用魔法变出；像变魔术般变出
• In an instant, the magician had conjured (up) a dove from his hat. 魔术师眨眼间便从他的帽子里变出了一只鸽子。
UK ['kʌn.dʒər] US [-dʒɚ] verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] conjure sth up
THINK OF
■to make a picture or idea appear in someone's mind 想像出；联想起
• The glittering ceremony conjured up images of Russia's imperial past. 辉煌的典礼让人联想起俄罗斯帝国昔日的景象。
• For some people, the word 'England' may still conjure up images of pretty gardens and tea parties. “英格兰”这个词仍能使一些人联想到漂亮的花园和茶会。
CREATE
■to make something in a quick and clever way, especially food 变出；如变戏法一般做出（尤指食物）
• How am I expected to conjure up a meal for six of his friends with almost nothing in the fridge? 冰箱里几乎甚么都没有，我怎么可能给他的六个朋友变出一顿饭来？
UK ['kʌn.dʒər] US [-dʒɚ] verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] conjure sb/sth up
■to ask the spirit of a dead person or an imaginary being to appear, by using special words 念咒召唤出（鬼魂等）
vt. 想象；念咒召唤；用魔法变出
 - vision, image
vi. 以念咒召唤神灵；施魔法，变魔术
 - hex

Word: gush
Front: gush
[gʌʃ] (托雅宝 11252/15176 -1)
Vocabulary: gush
(once / 793 pages)
vn
On hot summer days, city kids will sometimes open a fire hydrant and let the water gush into the street. Things that gush come streaming out.
Water can gush out of a hose or a drinking fountain, and you can also call the jet of water itself a gush. A more figurative way to gush is to talk enthusiastically about something — you might gush when you're describing your favorite teacher. Gush comes from the twelfth century English word gosshien, originally "make noises in the stomach," and later "pour out." Gush is an onomatopoeic word — it sounds like what it means.
WORD FAMILY
gush: gushed, gusher, gushes, gushing, gushy+/gusher: gushers/gushing: gushingly/gushy: gushier, gushiest, gushily
USAGE EXAMPLES
The sensors, which were installed in the 1990s, monitor fast-moving gushes of mud and debris, or lahars.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Jones gushes when he explains to Ronson how he first heard that Trump was aware of him and appreciated his work.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
“He’s happier than he’s been for many years,” a “source” gushed.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: v. 喷涌; 迸出
n. 涌出; 迸发
时态：gushed, gushing, gushes
分布：涌出(53%)，滔滔不绝地说(28%)，迸出(19%)
→来自gheu, 涌出，倾泻，词源同foundry, gut, gust.
【记】拼：故事－需要滔滔不绝的讲回忆：盖世太保gash（n 砍得很深的伤口）
【参】gusher（n 喷油井；说话滔滔不绝的人）
verb
FLOW 流
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition transitive
■to flow or send out quickly and in large amounts 喷出；涌出；冒出
• Oil gushed (out) from the hole in the tanker. 石油从油轮的那个漏洞中喷涌而出。
• Blood was gushing from his nose. 他的鼻子流血不止。
• Her arm gushed blood where the knife had gone in. 她肩膀上被刀扎伤的地方鲜血直冒。
[gʌʃ] verb
EXPRESS 表达
intransitive or transitive
■to express a positive feeling, especially praise, in such a strong way that it does not sound sincere 夸张地表达，感情充沛地说，装腔作势地说（尤指赞扬的话）
• [+ speech] "You're just so talented!" she gushed. “你可真是个人才！”她夸张地说。
[gʌʃ] noun only singular
FLOW 流
■a large amount of liquid or gas that flows quickly 喷；喷涌；喷出
• Showers with pumps are more expensive, but they deliver a really powerful gush of water. 带有水泵的淋浴间要贵得多，但是喷水量很大。
[gʌʃ] noun only singular
EXPRESSION 表达
■a sudden strong and positive feeling, or an expression of positive feeling, usually so strong it does not sound sincere 夸张地表达，感情充沛地说，装腔作势地说
v. 涌出；迸出
 - spring forth
n. 涌出；迸发
 - outrush, well up

Word: glare
Front: glare
[gleə(r)] (高研四六托雅宝 6371/5510 -2)
Vocabulary: glare
(once / 260 pages)
1vn 2vn
When you drive, you pull down your visors to block the glare, or the blinding light from the sun. The "rocket's red glare" from the national anthem is the bright light you'd see as a rocket shoots through the sky.
Imagine the twinge of pain you get when you suddenly see the glare of a strong flash of bright light. Now imagine this light coming from an angry person's eyes towards you. This angry look is called a glare. If someone glares at you, be careful you don't get attacked! Glare can also mean the spotlight of public attention.
WORD FAMILY
glare: glared, glares, glaring +/ glaring: glaringest, glaringly
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s been building up for years, and now the contrasts in America are so glaring as to be blinding.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
But with a national television audience looking on, the post-toss exchange was glaring.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Among the more glaring breakdowns against the Golden Eagles were the team’s 15 turnovers.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 怒目而视
vi. 发强光
n. 强光; 怒视; 瞪眼; 炫耀
时态：glared, glaring, glares
分布：刺眼(55%)，发眩光(15%)，闪耀光(15%)，瞪视(15%)
→来自ghel, 照耀，发光，词源同glass, gold. 此处用作比喻义，怒目而视，眼睛射出火的。
vi.怒目而视;发射强光n.强光;怒视;炫耀"Beware the software in the warhouse during the warfare," hare said glaring at me.兔子怒视着我说："战争期间当心仓库里的软件."
【参】flare（v /n 闪光；闪耀）
US [gler] noun
LOOK 看
countable
■a long angry look （长久的）怒视，瞪眼
• She gave me a fierce glare. 她狠狠瞪了我一眼。
UK [gleər] US [gler] noun
LIGHT 光
uncountable
■unpleasantly bright or strong light 刺眼的光
• Tinted windows will cut down the glare/the sun's glare. 有色玻璃窗会遮挡刺眼的阳光。
• This screen gives off a lot of glare. 这种萤幕发出的光太刺眼。
UK [gleər] US [gler] noun
the/a glare of sth
■when something receives the largest amount of attention possible …的广泛关注
• The actor's wedding took place in the full glare of publicity/the media. 这个演员的婚礼在公众／媒体的密切关注下进行。
UK [gleər] US [gler] verb intransitive
SHINE 闪耀
■to shine too brightly 发出刺眼的光
• The sun was glaring right in my eyes. 强烈的阳光直刺我的眼睛。
UK [gleər] US [gler] verb intransitive
LOOK 看
■to look directly and continuously at someone or something in an angry way 怒视，瞪眼
• She glared angrily at everyone and stormed out of the room. 她横眉怒目地瞪了大家一眼，气呼呼地冲出房间。
peer, peep, gape, glance, stare, gaze, glare, glimpse
这组词都有“看”的意思，其区别是：
peer: v.指眯起眼睛仔细看，尤指看不清楚的情况下；费力地看，凝视。
 • Being somewhat short-sighted, she has the habit of peering at people.   因为有点近视，她有眯着眼睛看人的习惯。
peep: v.窥视，偷看。
 • The mother peeped into the bedroom to see if her child was asleep.   母亲偷偷向卧室看了一下，看她的孩子是否睡着了。
gape: v. (张着嘴、瞪大眼睛)呆看，强调一种吃惊的状态。
 • The children gaped at the big elephant in the zoo.   在动物园，孩子们张大了嘴巴呆呆地看着大象。
glance: v. (粗略地、随便地)一瞥，看一眼。
 • He glanced over the letter he had just received.   他把刚收到的那封信粗略地看了一遍。
stare: v.凝视，盯着，指由于好奇、惊讶、赞叹等原因而瞪大眼睛长时间地、直接地注视，常常含有粗鲁无礼的意思。
 • I told my son to stop staring at that fat woman; it wasn't nice.   我告诉儿子不要盯着那个胖女人，那样看人不礼貌。
gaze: v.凝视，注视，指由于好奇、感叹、长时间目不转睛地看。
 • She gazed at her beautiful new diamond ring.   她凝视着自己的这颗美丽崭新的钻戒。
glare: v.怒目而视，强调怀有敌意或在气愤的情绪下看；眩目地照射。
 • The woman glared at the man after he shouted rudely at her.   那男人粗暴地冲她大声喊叫，她也怒目而视。
glimpse: v.与glance意思相近，短促地看一眼，一瞥。
flash, glare, blaze, glow, flare, light, twinkle, glitter, flame
这组词都有“火焰、烈火、光”的意思，其区别是：
flash: 指突然发出而随即消失的闪光。
glare: 指眩目的光。
blaze: 指猛烈燃烧所发生强烈的光。
glow: 指像冶炼铁和钢时发出的红光。
flare: 指摇曳的火焰。
light: 普通用词，指日、月、星或灯等的光。
twinkle: 指如星光等的闪烁。
glitter: 指连续发出闪烁不定的光。
flame: 指一条或多条火舌，多用复数形式，指由许多火舌构成的大火。
n. 刺眼； [光] 耀眼的光；受公众注目
 - dazzle

Word: quake
Front: quake
[kweɪk] (高 8561/23257 -1)
Vocabulary: quake
(once / 999 pages)
vn
When you quake, you tremble and shiver. A scary sound in a dark basement might make you quake.
To quake is to move rapidly back and forth, so quickly that the movement is almost a vibration. If you've ever felt the floor quake during an actual earthquake, you know the fluttery, shaking kind of movement. A person can quake with fear, and a building can quake during a wind storm. You can also use the word quake as a noun, to describe the feeling itself. The Old English root is cwacian, or "tremble or clatter of teeth."
WORD FAMILY
quake: quaked, quaker, quakes, quaking
USAGE EXAMPLES
No injuries or damage were reported Sunday following what seismologists call a “swarm” of quakes.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
It was followed a few seconds later by a magnitude 3.2 quake.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
In November, a magnitude 5.0 quake hit Cushing, where huge oil reserves are stored.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: vi. 发抖，颤抖; 摇动，震动
n. 震动，摇动; 〈口〉地震; 战栗
时态：quaked, quaking, quakes
分布：地震(93%)，震动(4%)，颤抖(3%)
→可能来自qu-所表示的拟声词，模仿松软，颤动或颤抖的声音，词源同quaver,quiver.
verb intransitive
■to shake because you are very frightened or find something very funny, or to feel or show great fear 颤抖，哆嗦
• Every time I get on a plane, I quake with fear. 我每次上飞机都吓得浑身发抖。
• Charlie stood outside the head teacher's office, quaking in his boots/shoes (= feeling very frightened). 查理站在校长办公室门外，吓得直发抖。
• The play was so funny, we were all quaking with laughter. 这出电影太有趣了，逗得我们捧腹大笑。
[kweɪk] noun countable informal for
■ earthquake
vi. 震动；颤抖
 - shake up
n. 地震；颤抖
 - earthquake, temblor

Word: outdated
Front: outdated
[ˌaʊtˈdeɪtɪd] (托雅 10226/13890 -1)
Vocabulary: outdated
(once / 7751 pages)
adj
Anything that's so old-fashioned that it's unstylish or not useful is outdated. You might love the way an antique car looks, but its outdated safety standards (no seat belts or airbags) make it dangerous to drive on the highway.
The 70s bell-bottom jeans your aunt still wears might be embarrassingly outdated, but at least they function as pants. Your outdated computer, on the other hand, isn't even capable of getting online or connecting to your printer — in other words, it's obsolete, or completely useless. This adjective dates from the early 1600s, from the "mark as old fashioned" meaning of the verb date.
WORD FAMILY
outdated: outdatedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
In all, the budget includes $3 million in new diagnostic equipment to replace outdated pieces.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Harambe will eventually join the pantheon of outdated Internet memes.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
That will help provide replacement housing for residents of the outdated Chouteau Courts low-income housing complex just northwest of Independence Avenue and the Paseo.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 过时的，旧式的，落伍的，不流行的
v. 使过时(outdate的过去式和过去分词)
分布：过时的(86%)，落伍的(9%)，旧式的(5%)
→out-,超过，date,日期。
US [-tˌɪd] adjective
■old-fashioned and therefore not as good or as fashionable as something modern 过时的；陈旧的
• outdated weapons/ideas 过时的武器／观点
• Nowadays this technique is rather outdated. 现在这种技术已经相当过时了。
⇒ See also out-of-date
adj. 过时的；旧式的
 - ancient, demoded

Word: proportional
Front: proportional
[prəˈpɔ:ʃənl] (四六 10513/6244 -1)
Vocabulary: proportional
(once / 1848 pages)
adjn
The adjective proportional describes something that has a relative size or amount to something else. When you're a mom, you know it's best to make sure chores are given out proportional amounts according to age and size of your kids.
The United States has proportional representation in Congress, meaning that Congressional districts are divided according to the population, set after each census. The adjective proportional can also be used to describe something that has a constant ratio. This usage is especially common in math to describe things like proportional triangles or proportional variables. Proportionate is often interchangeable with proportional.
WORD FAMILY
proportional: disproportional, proportionality, proportionally, proportionals+/ disproportion: disproportions/disproportional: disproportionally/ proportion: disproportion, proportionable, proportional, proportioned, proportioning, proportions/proportionable: proportionably/proportioned: ill-proportioned
USAGE EXAMPLES
HUD says the money was awarded based on each state’s proportional share of serious unmet housing and infrastructure needs.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
The economic base wasn’t proportional to begin with, and the gains are rendering it less so.
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
The centrifugal force is proportional to the radius of your circular path.
Salon(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: adj. 比例的，成比例的; 相称的，均衡的
n. [数]比例项，比例量
分布：成比例的(71%)，相称的(29%)
→来自proportion,比例，匀称。
US [-'pɔ:r-] (also proportionate)
adjective
■If two amounts are proportional, they change at the same rate so that the relationship between them does not change 与…成比例的
• Weight is proportional to size. 重量与大小是成比例的。
adj. [数] 比例的，成比例的；相称的，均衡的
 - relative, matching, uniform, worthy

Word: butter
Front: butter
[ˈbʌtə(r)] (中高研四托 2402/3403 -K3)
Vocabulary: butter
(once / 175 pages)
1nv 2n
Butter is a creamy spread made from milk fat. Your favorite breakfast might be hot toast slathered with butter.
The process of making butter involves churning cream until the fats coagulate and become creamy and pale yellow. Butter is sometimes salted, and usually formed into sticks for cooks to use in frying, baking, and spreading on corn on the cob and baked goods. To do this is to butter your bread. The Greek root word is boutyron, literally "cow cheese," from bous, "cow."
WORD FAMILY
butter: buttered, buttering, butters, buttery, butyraceous+/ butt: butted, butter, butting, butts/ buttery: butteries
USAGE EXAMPLES
Match-day tickets were just the bread and butter of the compromise.
The Guardian(Dec 01, 2016)
They’d probably be happy to take your money, but Vegas thinks you’re Nutter Butters if you want to roll with Alabama over Cleveland.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 01, 2016)
But what if a sugar cookie picks up peanut butter from an improperly cleaned factory mixer?
Washington Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 黄油; 黄油状的食品; 奉承话; 焊膏
vt. 抹黄油于…上; 用黄油煎食物; 讨好
时态：buttered, buttering, butters
分布：黄油(67%)，奶油(26%)，奉承(4%)，涂黄油(3%)
→bu, 牛，同bovine. 指牛奶加工后的产物。
n.黄油,奶油v.涂黄油于...上The button utters in mutter, "The butterfly likes the buttered earthnut/peanut."按钮咕哝着发出声音说:"蝴蝶喜欢涂了奶油的花生."
US ['bʌtˌ.ɚ] noun uncountable
 ESSENTIAL
■a pale yellow solid containing a lot of fat that is made from cream and is spread on bread or used in cooking 奶油，牛油
• We were served scones with butter and jam. 我们吃的是涂有奶油和果酱的烤饼。
• Have some bread and butter (= bread spread with butter). 吃些奶油面包片吧。
• a butter dish 奶油碟
UK ['bʌt.ər] US ['bʌtˌ.ɚ] noun uncountable
butter wouldn't melt in sb's mouth
■when someone looks as if they would never do anything wrong, although you feel they might （某人）装老实相
• Tommy looked as if butter wouldn't melt in his mouth. 汤美装出一副老实相。
UK ['bʌt.ər] US ['bʌtˌ.ɚ] verb transitive
■to spread butter on something 涂奶油于
UK ['bʌt.ər] US ['bʌtˌ.ɚ] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] butter sb up informal
■to be very kind or friendly to someone or try to please them, so that they will do what you want them to do 奉承（某人）；拍（某人的）马屁
• You'll have to butter them up a bit before they'll agree. 你得奉承他们一下，他们才会同意。
vt. 涂黄油于；讨好
 - kiss up to, soft-sawder
n. [食品] 黄油；奶油；奉承话
 - cream, beurre

Word: endeavour
Front: endeavour
[ɪn'devə(r)] (六托雅 31964/6950 -2)
Vocabulary: endeavour
(once / 155 pages)
nv
To endeavour is to strive for something. The endeavour itself is the thing you're striving for, the enterprise or undertaking. It's a primarily British spelling of the word.
The Middle English root of endeavour means to "put oneself in" or "do one's utmost," so if you endeavour to do something, you do it with earnestness and a fair amount of effort. Americans usually spell the word endeavor, but NASA named one of its space shuttles the Endeavour. Why the extra "u"? NASA was honoring the HMS Endeavour, the first ship ever used by the British explorer Captain James Cook.
WORD FAMILY
endeavour: endeavoured, endeavouring, endeavours
USAGE EXAMPLES
Philosopher of science Eric Scerri asserts otherwise in this thoughtful treatise on research as evolution, not revolution — collective, piecemeal endeavour rather than heroic act.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
"You always hope to be part of endeavours that resonate with audiences," Mahershala Ali says.
BBC(Dec 18, 2016)
The original trilogy always balanced the horrors of the dark side with a sense of hope surrounding Luke Skywalker’s endeavours.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. 尽力，竭力
vi. &vt. 努力，竭力
时态：endeavoured, endeavouring, endeavours
分布：努力(73%)，尽力(20%)，奋力(7%)
US [-ɚ] verb intransitive + to infinitive
■to try to do something 努力；奋力
• Engineers are endeavouring to locate the source of the problem. 工程师们正竭尽全力查找问题的根源。
UK (ALSO US endeavor) UK [en'dev.ər] US [-ɚ] noun countable or uncountable
■an attempt to do something 尝试；努力
• In spite of our best endeavours, it has proven impossible to contact her. 尽管我们尽了最大的努力，但最后还是未能联系上她。
• Crossing the North Pole on foot was an amazing feat of human endeavour. 徒步穿越北极是人类探索领域的一次壮举。
• artistic endeavour 对艺术的探索
attempt, try, endeavour, strive
这些动词均含有“试图，努力，力图”之意。
attempt: 较正式用词，侧重已经开始，且希望完成，但常隐含着不一定有预期的结果。
try: 普通用词，可与attempt换用，但强调努力或尝试，后跟不定式表示努力或争取；后跟动名词表示尝试。
endeavour: 正式用词，指尽最大努力、认真地克服困难去做某事。
strive: 和endeavour一样，表示付出巨大努力，但strive侧重劳累与紧张，而不强调努力的结果。
trouble, struggle, pains, effort, endeavour
这组词都有“努力”的意思，其区别是：
trouble: 和pains均侧重在面临困难或阻力时所作的努力，但强调在努力时的细心和谨慎，相比之下，pains更适合表示尽力的努力。
struggle: 指为克服困难或阻力所作的努力，也指因决心、意志或干劲而产生的极大努力。
effort: 通常指完成某特定任务所需付出的或大或小的努力，可指一次的努力，也可指坚持不懈的努力。
endeavour: 指持久的，坚持不懈的，甚至是终身的努力，强调努力的认真与决心。
vi. 竭力；企图
 - strain every nerve, attempt at

Word: revolve
Front: revolve
[rɪˈvɒlv] (研六雅 7394/8409 -1)
Vocabulary: revolve
(once / 232 pages)
v
When something revolves, it turns on an axis or in an orbit around something else. People who love you probably think the world revolves around you (but really, the earth revolves around the sun).
Revolve comes from those useful Latin roots re- "again" or "back" and volvere "roll," as seen in evolution, involve, and lots of other familiar words. Picture a revolving door, and you can understand what it means to revolve, or turn in a circular motion.
WORD FAMILY
revolve: revolved, revolver, revolves, revolving+/ revolver: revolvers
USAGE EXAMPLES
This season opener, “The Six Thatchers,” revolves around finding someone who, for some reason, is seeking and destroying busts of Margaret Thatcher.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The new film revolves around Reynolds’s determination to keep performing and Fisher’s equal determination to protect her mother and see her hopes fulfilled.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
The most obvious revolves around hitting and being hit.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 使旋转; 反复考虑; 使循环
vi. 旋转; 循环出现; 反复考虑
时态：revolved, revolving, revolves
分布：围绕(54%)，旋转(40%)，考虑(6%)
→re-,向后，往回，再次，-volv,转动，词源同 devolve,evolve,involve.
旋转;循环(re再+volv+e→再转一次→旋转)[vol,volv,volt=roll,turn,表示"卷,转"]
v.(使)旋转;考虑;【天】公转,循环The earth revolves around the sun.地球绕着太阳转.
US [-'vɑ:lv] verb intransitive or transitive
■to move or cause something to move round a central point or line （使）旋转；（使）转动；（使）环绕，围绕
• The Earth revolves around the sun. 地球围绕太阳转。
• The gun turret revolved until the gun was aimed at the advancing soldiers. 炮塔旋转着，最后炮口瞄准了正在前进的士兵。
UK [rɪ'vɒlv] US [-'vɑ:lv] verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  revolve around/round sb/sth
■to have someone or something as the main or most important interest or subject 以…为中心；以…为主题；围绕…
• The conversation revolved around childcare problems. 这次会谈的中心议题是儿童保育方面的问题。
• His whole life revolves around football. 足球是他生活的中心。
think the (whole) world revolves around you disapproving
■to think you are extremely important 自命不凡；自以为了不起
• The trouble with John is he thinks the whole world revolves around him. 约翰的问题是，他太自命不凡了。
whirl, turn, roll, rotate, revolve, spin, circle
这组词都有“转动、旋转”的意思，其区别是：
whirl: 指旋转或作圆周运动，侧重急速或力量。
turn: 普通用词，中性，含义不确切，可指作一个圆周运动或连续地作圆周运动，也可指仅是沿圆的弧形转动。
roll: 指某物在平面上滚动或翻滚。
rotate: 侧重指物体围绕自己的轴或中心旋转，即自转。
revolve: 强调指物体围绕本身以外的中心旋转，即公转。
spin: 指沿内轴迅速而连续旋转，或沿外部一个点作快速圆周运转。
circle: 指作圆周运动。
revolve, involve, evolve
revolve: v.旋转，转动。
 • The room began to revolve , then he fainted.   屋子开始旋转，然后他就昏倒了。
involve: v.需要，包含；使卷入，牵涉。
 • Getting a driver's licence involves learning how to drive, studying the rules of the road, and taking a test.   要得到驾驶执照需要学习开车，学习交通规则，还要经过考试。
evolve: v.发展，演变。
 • Agriculture evolved slowly over thousands of years.   几千年来，农业发展得很缓慢。
vi. [物] 旋转；循环出现；反复考虑
 - wheel, circle, spin
vt. 使…旋转；使…循环；反复考虑
 - turn over
n. [物] 旋转；循环；旋转舞台
 - rotation, rolling, circulation, turning, cycle

Word: prominence
Front: prominence
[ˈprɒmɪnəns] (六托 8419/7813 -1)
Vocabulary: prominence
(once / 1208 pages)
n
Prominence has to do with importance. If a band becomes famous, they've come into prominence.
Prominence is a type of importance: if you put a statue in the middle of a room, you're giving it a place of prominence. In movies, music, and sports, the most successful people have great prominence — they're prominent or famous. Anything that juts out or sticks out has prominence. Whether prominence comes from being widely known or just being hard to miss, you can't really ignore anything or anybody that has achieved prominence.
WORD FAMILY
prominence: prominences+/ prominent: prominence, prominently
USAGE EXAMPLES
Happ among others during the team’s return to prominence under Hurdle.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
But Mr. Nixon also showed how to post successes by using the visibility and prominence of his office.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
A price is paid for early prominence; in many cases, the winners are the ones who wait.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 声望; 突出; 卓越; [天]日珥
分布：突出(85%)，声望(11%)，突出物(4%)
杰出,突出(pro+min+ence)[min=project,表示"伸出,突出"]
US ['prɑ:.mə-] noun uncountable
■the state of being easily seen or well known 明显可见，有名
• Most of the papers give prominence to (= put in a noticeable position) the same story this morning. 今天早上大多数报纸都在显著位置刊登了同一条新闻。
• It's the first time that a lawyer of such prominence (= fame and importance) has been given the freedom to air his views on TV. 一位如此著名的律师获准在电视上自由地发表观点，这是第一次。
• Elton was one of the comedians who came to/rose to/gained prominence in the 1980s. 爱尔顿是20世纪80年代成名的喜剧演员之一。
n. 突出；显著；突出物；卓越
 - projection, protrusion

Word: impeachment
Front: impeachment
[ɪm'pi:tʃmənt] (7636/26724)
Vocabulary: impeachment
(once / 1775 pages)
n
Though it might be more fun if it meant "canning peaches for the winter," impeachment is actually a formal document accusing a public official with misconduct.
The United States Constitution gives the legislative branch the power of impeachment, that is, to press formal charges of misconduct against a sitting president. The House of Representatives makes the formal charges, and the trial is held in the Senate. A two-thirds majority of the Senate is required for a conviction. Two United States presidents — Andrew Johnson and William Clinton — have been impeached. Neither was convicted. Other federal officials, like judges, can also be impeached.
WORD FAMILY
impeachment: impeachments+/ impeach: impeachability, impeached, impeaches, impeaching, impeachment, unimpeachable / unimpeachable: unimpeachably
USAGE EXAMPLES
Her no-show brought criticism from lawmakers, who serve as prosecutors during the presidential impeachment trial.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Those donations — and whether they were part of a quid pro quo — are now at the heart of the impeachment case against Ms. Park.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Park met domestic media reporters on Sunday in the first public event since her impeachment by parliament on Dec. 9.
Reuters(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 弹劾; 控告; 怀疑
分布：弹劾(93%)，控告(7%)
N-VAR
控告;弹劾
The impeachment of a senior official is the process of charging them with a crime which makes them unfit for office.
例：There are grounds for impeachment.存在弹劾的理由。
n. 弹劾；控告；怀疑；指摘
 - doubt, challenge, charge

Word: travail
Front: travail
[ˈtræveɪl] (17612/24228)
Vocabulary: travail
(once / 2456 pages)
1nv 2n
If you’ve had to bust your behind, burn the midnight oil, and shed blood, sweat, and tears to get where you are today, you could say you’ve endured significant travail. In other words, back-breakingly hard mental exertion or physical labor.
Travail comes to us from a sinister Latin word: trepalium, meaning “instrument of torture.” The closest English word is probably toil, though travail means you’re not just exerting monumental effort but suffering as you do so. If your life has been hard-knock enough to be the stuff of old blues songs or Shakespearean tragedies, you’ve had your share of travails. In French, incidentally, travail simply means work. The Spanish trabajo (work) is closely related.
WORD FAMILY
travail: travailed, travailing, travails
USAGE EXAMPLES
The travails of the Bordelon siblings were moving, thought-provoking, captivating, sometimes a little soapy, and deeply political.
Slate(Dec 09, 2016)
But it also warned on inflation—much like India’s stagflation travails of the past.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 07, 2016)
The plot follows the travails of Jack as he rises and falls in the real estate industry, finding rock bottom as a warehouse slumlord.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. <文>艰苦劳动; 辛勤努力; 痛苦; 分娩的阵痛
vi. 辛勤工作，努力，尤指经受分娩的阵痛
时态：travailed, travailing, travails
分布：阵痛(35%)，分娩的痛苦(30%)，辛劳(25%)，苦干(10%)
→来自古法语 travail,痛苦，煎熬，来自通俗拉丁语 tripaliare,折磨，来自拉丁语 trepalium,刑具， 一种由三根尖木桩组成的折磨工具，来自 tri-,三，词源同 three,palus,柱子，尖桩，词源同 impale,pole.
【记】trav＝tran转，ail（v 生小病）：转变成生小病，因为艰苦的劳动ail读：哎哟－生小病的叫声
【反】laze（v /n 懒散）
N-VAR
艰苦劳动;难题
You can refer to unpleasant hard work or difficult problems as travail .
例：He did whatever he could to ease their travail.他为减轻他们的辛劳做了力所能及的一切。

Word: aerial
Front: aerial
[ˈeəriəl] (研六雅宝 7339/7551 -1)
Vocabulary: aerial
(once / 1199 pages)
1adj 2n 3n
Things that are aerial are happening in the air: birds, planes, and missiles are all aerial things.
When talking about things that are literally up in the air, you can use the word aerial. If a country sends planes to bomb another country, that's an aerial attack. In football, the passing game is called the aerial game. Anything light and airy can also be called aerial, and an aerial is a device that picks up radio or TV signals: it plucks them out of the air. So when you see the word aerial, just think "air."
WORD FAMILY
aerial: aerialist, aerially, aerials+/ aerialist: aerialists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Art Duncan transferred to the Royal Flying Corps, where he was twice decorated for conspicuous aerial gallantry.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Their showdown pits the Tigers’ mostly aerial attack against a Buckeyes offense that dominates with a punishing ground game and the run-pass option.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
She was a college student and aerial dancer now, with an apartment in Chicago’s West Humboldt Park neighborhood.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 空气的; 航空的，空中的; 空想的
n. [电讯] 天线
分布：天线(52%)，空中的(18%)，空气的(13%)，航空的(10%)，空想的(7%)
空气的(aeri+al表形容词)[aer,aero,aeri=air,表示"空气,充气"等]
a.(在或来自)空中的,航空的n.天线The waterproof material is suitable for the aerial used near the waterfall.这种耐水材料适合用在瀑布附近的天线.
US ['er.i-] noun countable (US also antenna)
■a structure made of metal rods or wires which receives or sends out radio or television signals （无线电或电视的）天线
UK ['eə.ri.əl] US ['er.i-] adjective
■in or from the air, especially from an aircraft 空中的；空气中的；尤指从飞机上的
• Meanwhile, the massive aerial bombardment/bombing of military targets continued unabated. 同时，对于军事目标的大规模空袭仍进行得如火如荼。
• aerial photography 空中摄影
adj. [昆] [生物] [航] 空中的，航空的；空气的；空想的
 - romantic, fantastic
n. [电讯] 天线
 - antenna, Arial

Word: complacent
Front: complacent
[kəmˈpleɪsnt] (宝 14481/11312 -2)
Vocabulary: complacent
(once / 656 pages)
adj
Someone who is complacent has become overly content — the junk-food-eating couch potato might be feeling complacent about his health.
The literal meaning of this word's Latin root is "very pleased," but even though complacent people may seem pleased with themselves, we are rarely pleased with them. They are unconcerned by things that should concern them, and they may neglect their duties. A complacent person might be heard saying, "Ehh, don't worry about it!" — when there really is something to worry about.
WORD FAMILY
complacent: complacence, complacency, complacently, self-complacent+/ complacency: complacencies/self-complacent: self-complacency
USAGE EXAMPLES
Barclays Center rocked hard on Thursday night, compared with the more complacent norm.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Alonso warned against the world becoming complacent because of the many gains in fighting malaria.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 12, 2016)
But BOJ officials are by no means complacent on the outlook.
Reuters(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: adj. 自满的; 自鸣得意的; 踌躇满志; 志得意满
分布：自满的(51%)，得意的(31%)，满足的(18%)
→com-, 强调。-plac, 满意，词源同please, placate.
自满的,自得的(com加强语气+plac+ent→被取悦→自满的)[plac=toplease,表示"取悦,使满意,使平静"]
【记】com共同，plac平静，满足－全部满足－自满的com共同，place地方：和朋友有共同的地方居住－自鸣得意的com共同，pla＝play，cent钱币：一起玩钱币就是赌博，可以使某些人满足。
【反】complacency（n 自满，满足）－anxiety（n 忧虑；渴望）
[kəm'plei.sənt] disapproving
adjective
■feeling so satisfied with your own abilities or situation that you feel you do not need to try any harder 自满的，自鸣得意的
• a complacent smile/attitude 自鸣得意的微笑／态度
• We can't afford to become complacent about any of our products. 我们不能对自己的任何一款产品沾沾自喜。
adj. 自满的；得意的；满足的
 - proud, fulfilled

Word: gobble
Front: gobble
[ˈgɒbl] (宝 10836/15456 -1)
Vocabulary: gobble
(once / 2391 pages)
vn
To gobble is to eat quickly — really quickly. When you gobble your dinner, you hardly even chew your food.
You’ve probably been told that gobbling your food is impolite. However, maybe you can get away with it if you impress your dining companions with some interesting facts about this word’s history. Gobble comes from an Old French word meaning “a mouthful” or “a lump.” It’s related to gob, a slang term for “mouth” in the UK.
WORD FAMILY
gobble: gobbled, gobbler, gobbles, gobbling+/gobbler: gobblers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Jewish state is gobbling up land that is supposed to be preserved for the Palestinians.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
As a result, the two gobble up a combined 58 percent of all the advertising purchased in the U.S. online or on mobile phones.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Pablo and Coloring Book gobbled up a disproportionate amount of my listening time and intellectual and spiritual energy this year.
Slate(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 狼吞虎咽地吃
vi. （火鸡）咯咯地叫; 贪食
n. （火鸡的）咯咯叫声
时态：gobbled, gobbling, gobbles
分布：狼吞虎咽(82%)，很快用完(6%)，发出咯咯叫声(6%)，咯咯叫声(6%)
→来自gob, 嘴。-le, 表反复。
【记】gob（n 嘴；大量）因为gobble所以gabble（v 急促而不清楚地说话）gobble中的O象狼吞虎咽的嘴读：够饱－足够饱了，因为gobble
【参】babble（v 说胡话；说傻话）
US ['gɑ:.bl] verb
EAT 吃
intransitive or transitive informal
■to eat food too fast 狼吞虎咽，大口大口地吃
• She gobbled her dinner (down/up). 她狼吞虎咽地吃完了晚饭。
UK ['gɒb.l] US ['gɑ:.bl] verb
MAKE NOISE 发出噪音
intransitive
■to make the sound of a male turkey （雄火鸡）咯咯叫
UK ['gɒb.l] US ['gɑ:.bl] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  gobble sth up informal
■to gobble 大口吞食；狼吞虎咽
■to use a lot of your supply of something, usually money 很快地用掉（通常指钱）
• The mounting legal costs quickly gobbled up their savings. 日益增加的诉讼费很快耗尽了他们的积蓄。
vi. 贪食；咯咯叫
 - cluck
vt. 狼吞虎咽
 - snarf, bolt down

Word: gypsy
Front: gypsy
['dʒɪpsi] (13501/7047 -2)
Back: n. 吉普赛人; 吉普赛语; 像吉普赛人的人; [航]绞绳筒
adj. 像吉普赛人似的; 吉普赛人的; 吉普赛式的流浪的; 无照的
v. 过吉普赛式地生活; 流浪; 野餐旅行
分布：吉布赛人(100%)
→来自英语方言egypcien, 埃及人。因过去很长一段时间，人们对吉普赛人缺乏了解，有认为来自埃及的，有认为来自东欧的，也有认为来自印度的，所以也导致吉普赛人实际上存在多种名字。
(UK also gipsy) ['dʒɪp.si] (romany)
noun countable
■a member of a race of people originally from northern India who typically used to travel from place to place, and now live especially in Europe and North America 吉普赛人
• a gypsy caravan/encampment 吉普赛人的大篷车／营地
n. 吉卜赛人；吉卜赛语；像吉布赛的人；歌舞剧中的歌舞队员
 - Gippy, diddy
vi. 流浪
 - vagabondize, stray

Word: erratic
Front: erratic
[ɪˈrætɪk] (托雅宝 10635/9568 -1)
Vocabulary: erratic
(once / 1817 pages)
adj
The adjective erratic describes things that are unpredictable, unusual, and that deviate from the norm. An erratic quarterback might completely confuse his receivers waiting for a pass.
Like its linguistic relative, error, the adjective erratic means "deviating from the norm," or "wrong." It also implies behavior or qualities that are unpredictable or odd. The word comes from the Latin verb errare, or "to wander" off course. In the field of geology, a rock that is erratic is unlike others in its environment because it has been transported by glacial activity. Likewise, someone driving a car that veers out of its lane is said to be driving erratically.
WORD FAMILY
erratic: erratically
USAGE EXAMPLES
The victory cemented his reputation as highly dangerous if not a bit erratic.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Syracuse was erratic through much of the nonconference portion of its schedule, losing five times.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
“Demand is erratic and its value not just tied to the quality.”
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 飘忽不定的; 行为古怪，反复无常; （运动或行为）不规则的
n. 古怪的人; [地]漂砾
分布：不稳定的(48%)，古怪的(39%)，飘忽不定的(13%)
→来自ers, 漫游，偏离，引申义错误，词源同error. 即漫游的，偏离的。
古怪的n.怪人(err+atic→[被人认为]错误的→古怪的)[err=wander,mistake,表示"漫游,犯错误"]
反复无常的(err错误,古怪;参考:errant错误的)[-atic表形容词"有…性质的"]
【记】err漫游－飘忽不定的
US [-'rætˌ-] adjective
■not regular, uncertain or without organization in movement or behaviour （动作、行为等）不规则的，不确定的，无计划的
• He drove in an erratic course down the road. 他开车忽左忽右地在路上蛇行。
• She can be very erratic, one day she is friendly and the next she'll hardly speak to you. 她喜怒无常，今天待你很友善，明天又懒得理你。
adj. 不稳定的；古怪的
 - unstable, odd, volatile, curious
n. 漂泊无定的人；古怪的人
 - fantastic, weirdo

Word: mir
Front: mir
[mɪə] (-/28652)
Back: n. 米尔（沙俄时代的一种村社组织）
n. 米尔（沙俄时代的一种村社组织）
 - Meer

Word: precarious
Front: precarious
[prɪˈkeəriəs] (托雅宝 10101/9563 -1)
Vocabulary: precarious
(once / 1156 pages)
adj
Grab for the adjective precarious when something is unstable, dangerous or difficult and likely to get worse. Are you totally broke and the people you owe money to keep calling? You're in a precarious financial situation!
The Latin root of precarious means "obtained by asking or praying." This fits well as precarious always signals that help is needed desperately. If your life is precarious or you are in a precarious situation, things could become difficult, maybe even dangerous, for you. If your footing or hold on something is precarious, it is unstable or not firmly placed, so that you are likely to slip or lose your grip.
WORD FAMILY
precarious: precariously, precariousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Two months into the season, they are in a precarious position.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Two games into its Big East schedule, the Georgetown men’s basketball team already finds itself in a precarious position.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
“So the settlement is a huge opportunity for someone in a precarious situation to get money,” Sanchez said.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 危险的; 不确定的; 不安全的; 可疑的
分布：不稳定的(85%)，不安全的(15%)
→来自拉丁语precarius,乞求，恳求，乞怜而得，来自拉丁语precari,乞求，要求，恳求，来自prek,要求，恳求，词源同deprecate,pray.引申词义寄人篱下的，依附于人的，不稳的，危险的等。
【记】pre前，car＝care小心，ious－要预先小心－危险的pre前，car，ious：前面有很多车－危险的
【反】firmly grounded理由充分的；safe＝secure（adj 安全的）；stable（adj 稳定的）
US [-'ker.i-] adjective
■in a dangerous state because not safe or firmly fixed 危险的；不牢靠的，不稳的
• The lorry was lodged in a very precarious way, with its front wheels hanging over the cliff. 卡车的位置很危险，前轮悬在峭壁上面。
■A precarious situation is likely to get worse （情势）不稳定的，不确定的，危险的
• Many borrowers now find themselves caught in a precarious financial position. 许多借款人现在发现自己陷入不稳定的财务状况。
adj. 危险的；不确定的
 - dangerous, critical, risky, threatening

Word: wring
Front: wring
[rɪŋ] (六托 10500/12101 -1)
Vocabulary: wring
(once / 498 pages)
nv
To wring something is to twist or squeeze it, usually out of its original shape. If you annoy someone enough, they might threaten to wring your neck.
If you do laundry by hand, then you most likely wring out your shirts to get rid of excess water before hanging them out to dry. You can also wring out someone's hair after washing it. As you can tell, the word often has to do with getting liquids out of something. You might wring tears out of a person's eyes if you tell him the sad story of the day you lost your puppy.
WORD FAMILY
wring: wringed, wringer, wringing, wrings, wrung+/wringer: wringers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some nefarious entrepreneurs will try to wring profit from this sense of powerlessness.
Time(Dec 08, 2016)
But little actual drama — as measured by a vigorous tussle between competing viewpoints — is wrung from them.
Washington Post(Nov 18, 2016)
Pursglove could lose by winning: If her husband went into hiding, it would be hard to wring money out of him.
New York Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 绞，拧; 扭干，绞出; 折磨，使苦恼; 曲解
vi. 蠕动; 扭动; 感到痛苦; 感到苦恼
n. 绞，扭; 紧紧握手; 剧痛
时态：wrung, wringing, wrings
分布：拧(66%)，使痛苦(14%)，绞出(10%)，扭绞(7%)，强迫取得(3%)
→来自wer,弯，转，拧，词源同wrench,wrist.
【记】wr＝wry（v 扭曲），ing：拧
(wrung, wrung)
verb transitive
■to hold something tightly with both hands and twist it by turning your hands in opposite directions 拧；绞
■(also wring out)
■to twist a cloth or piece of clothing with your hands to remove water from it 拧干，绞干（布或衣服）
• She wrung out the shirt and hung it out to dry. 她拧干衬衫并挂到外面晾干。
wring sth's neck
■to kill a bird or other animal by twisting and breaking its neck 拧断（鸟或其他动物的）脖子；掐死
[rɪŋ] (wrung, wrung)
verb transitive
I'll wring your/his/her neck! informal
■something you say when you are very angry with someone （表示非常生气）我会拧断你／他／她的脖子！
• I'll wring his neck if he does that again! 他要是再那样做，我就拧断他的脖子！
[rɪŋ] (wrung, wrung)
verb transitive
wring your hands
■If you wring your hands, you show that you are worried or unhappy （因焦急或烦恼）绞扭双手
• Car dealers are wringing their hands over low sales this summer. 汽车销售商正为今夏低迷的销量而着急烦恼。
[rɪŋ] (wrung, wrung)
verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  wring sth from/out of sb
■to force or persuade someone to give you something 强迫（某人）交出；说服（某人）给予
• They managed to wring a few concessions from the government. 他们设法迫使政府作出一些让步。
vt. 拧；绞；紧握；使痛苦；折磨
 - screw, harry, worry, trouble, tear
vi. 蠕动；扭动；感到痛苦；感到苦恼
 - squirm, wriggle
n. 拧；绞；挤；扭动
 - twist, tweak

Word: bud
Front: bud
[bʌd] (研四六托雅宝 6961/6466 -2)
Vocabulary: bud
(once / 268 pages)
nv
The young part of a plant that's almost ready to flower or unfurl new leaves is called the bud. As a verb, bud also means to grow or develop.
You will see the word bud most often in reference to plants, but it is also used metaphorically to refer to something that is still maturing: a "budding career," for instance, or a "budding romance." Scientists use bud to indicate a new formation of growth or something that splits apart to form a duplicate of itself, like a cell.
WORD FAMILY
bud: budded, budding, buds, disbud+/ budding: buddings/disbud: disbudded, disbudding
USAGE EXAMPLES
That year, her first Oscars season, Ms. Bening playfully deflected personal questions about her budding romance and attended the ceremony with her parents.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Sadly, Bud Collins is no longer around to tell her.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
And like Tapawingo, Alliance offers sophisticated concoctions that showcase locally sourced ingredients and, Mr. Peterson said, “challenge the taste buds.”
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 芽，萌芽; 蓓蕾，骨朵; 未成熟的人，少男少女; 〈美〉刚进社交界的姑娘
vi. 发芽，长出蓓蕾; 开始发育; <植>芽接
时态：budded, budding, buds
分布：芽(69%)，萌芽(16%)，花蕾(8%)，发芽(6%)，使发芽(1%)
→词源不详。可能来自PIE *bheu, 膨胀，见boast.
n.芽,花苞v.发芽,含苞欲放The muscular musician found the bud in the mud in the museum.肌肉发达的音乐家在博物馆里的泥巴中发现了嫩芽.
noun countable
PLANT PART 植物的部分
■a small part of a plant, that develops into a flower or leaf 芽，花蕾
in bud
■covered with buds 发芽；含苞待放
• It was springtime and the fruit trees were in bud. 春天到了，果树发芽了。
[bʌd] noun countable
MAN 男子 US informal
■ buddy
[bʌd] verb intransitive (-dd-)
■to produce buds 发芽
• The unusually cold winter has caused many plants to bud late this year. 今年冬天异常寒冷，许多植物抽芽都晚了。
n. [植] 芽，萌芽；蓓蕾
 - seed, gemma
vi. 发芽，萌芽
 - put, come up
vt. 使发芽
 - germinate, sprout

Word: deplete
Front: deplete
[dɪˈpli:t] (托雅宝 10191/11772 -2)
Vocabulary: deplete
(once / 2533 pages)
v
To deplete is to use up or consume a limited resource. Visiting relatives might deplete your refrigerator of food, or a pestering friend might deplete your patience.
The verb deplete is used like “to drain.” A long, exhausting day can deplete your body of energy and a summer drought can deplete a region’s water supply. If you deplete your body of hydration after a lot of exercise, be sure to replete yourself with a nice glass of water.
WORD FAMILY
deplete: depletable, depleted, depletes, depleting, depletion +/ depletion: depletions
USAGE EXAMPLES
He was an energy source in a depleted world.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Things only got worse with a depleted roster hurt by years of bad drafting and the lack of impact free agents.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Then expenditures began swamping revenues in 2014, and by the end of 2015, all of the foundation’s assets were depleted.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 耗尽，用尽; 使枯竭; [医]减液，放血
vi. 耗尽; 减少，损耗
时态：depleted, depleting, depletes
分布：耗尽(95%)，使空竭(5%)
→de-, 不，非，使相反。-ple, 满的，词源同full, complete. 即把满的倒空，耗尽。
【记】de反，plete填满一反填满一倒空
【参】replete（adj 充满的）；plentiful（adj 大量的）；depletion（n 耗尽）
【反】enrich（vt 使富足；装饰）
verb transitive
■to reduce something in size or amount, especially supplies of energy, money, etc. 消耗；耗费；减少
• If we continue to deplete the Earth's natural resources, we will cause serious damage to the environment. 如果继续耗费地球的自然资源，我们将对环境造成严重的破坏。
• The illness depletes the body of important vitamins. 这种疾病能消耗人体中重要的维他命。
• humorous That last holiday has seriously depleted my bank account! 上次渡假花掉了我银行帐户里的一大笔钱！
vt. 耗尽，用尽；使衰竭，使空虚
 - spend, exhaust

Word: deaf
Front: deaf
[def] (中高研四雅 6755/2897 -K2)
Vocabulary: deaf
(once / 335 pages)
nadjv
If you're deaf, you can't hear or have extremely limited hearing abilities. Many people who are deaf communicate using sign language.
Some people are born deaf, while others lose their hearing later in life because of illness or injury. People who have been deaf their whole lives and are actively involved with the deaf community consider deafness a "difference in experience," not a disability. When someone accuses you of being "deaf to" their argument, they mean that you are refusing to pay attention or listen. Until the 18th century, deaf was pronounced so it rhymed with beef.
WORD FAMILY
deaf: deafed, deafen, deafer, deafest, deafly, deafness, deafs+/ deafen: deafened, deafening, deafens/deafening: deafeningly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Watson held his hands to the earflap of his helmet, but his pleas for noise fell on deaf ears.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 01, 2017)
When he left the hospital, he was deaf.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Jim tries to get answers to his many questions, but his pleas fall on deaf ears.
Time(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 聋的; 不愿听的
级别：deafer, deafest
分布：聋的(74%)，充耳不闻的(26%)
→来自dheubh, 混乱，模糊，词源同dumb, dull.引申义聋的。
a.聋的;不愿听的Beneath (Underneath) the wreath the deaf man near death is out of breath.花环下面那个快要死的聋子喘不过气来.
adjective
 IMPROVER
■unable to hear, either completely or partly 耳聋的，听不见的，失聪的
• He's been totally/partially deaf since birth. 他一出生就完全失聪／有些听力障碍。
■disapproving
■unwilling to listen 不愿听的；充耳不闻的
• The local council has remained deaf to all the objections to its proposals. 当地议会对反对其提案的各种声音充耳不闻。
[def] adjective
(as) deaf as a post informal
■completely deaf 一点儿也听不见，完全失聪
• Grandad's as deaf as a post. 爷爷一点儿声音也听不见了。
[def] adjective
There's none so deaf as those who will not hear. saying
■said about someone who has been given advice which they have chosen to ignore, or who has been told something which they do not want to believe 无心听者耳最聋。
[def] plural noun
the deaf
 IMPROVER
■people who are unable to hear 耳聋者，失聪人士，聋人
• Many of the TV programmes are broadcast with subtitles for the deaf. 很多电视节目播出时，都打上给失聪人士看的字幕。
adj. 聋的
 - dunny

Word: squeaky
Front: squeaky
[ˈskwi:ki] (16776/19221)
Vocabulary: squeaky
(once / 8685 pages)
adj
If your voice is squeaky, it's high and a little shrill, like a cartoon character. If your shoes sound squeaky when you walk, you'll never be able to sneak up on someone.
It's hard for people to take you seriously if you always sound a little squeaky when you talk. Squishy, noise-making dog toys are squeaky, and so is Mickey Mouse's voice, as well as the rusty hinge on an old treasure chest. If something's squeaky clean, it's so immaculate that it squeaks a little — this phrase probably started in the 1970s in advertisements for dishwashing soap.
WORD FAMILY
squeaky: squeakily+/squeak: squeaked, squeaker, squeaking, squeaks, squeaky /squeaker: squeakers
USAGE EXAMPLES
He turned the key in the ignition, and the car started with a squeaky shudder.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
Adding to the absurdity, Penn voices Bob in a sleepy, squeaky drawl that at once evokes Larry the Cable Guy and Kermit the Frog.
Washington Post(Nov 06, 2016)
But it works, squeaky wheels and all, as you careen through the produce section with dust-covered spice containers stacked on the shelves above.
New York Times(Nov 04, 2016)
Back: adj. 吱吱响的，发轧声的
级别：squeakier, squeakiest
分布：吱吱响的(42%)，发轧声的(33%)，短促尖声的(25%)
→squeak,尖叫声，-y,形容词后缀。
adjective
SOUND 声音
■making a very high sound 吱吱响的；发尖叫声的
['skwi:.ki] adjective
SUCCESS 成功 US only just succeeding in a game, competition, etc. 险胜的（在比赛、竞赛等中以微弱优势取胜，或最后才取胜）
• The president had a squeaky six-vote win (= he won by only six votes) in Congress. 总统在国会以六票的些微优势勉强获胜。
['skwi:.ki] adjective
The squeaky wheel gets the grease. US saying
■said to emphasize that attention is paid to those problems which are made most noticeable 嘎吱响的轮子先上油；最明显的问题先得到关注

Word: inspector
Front: inspector
[ɪnˈspektə(r)] (六托 3550/2267 -3)
Vocabulary: inspector
(once / 415 pages)
n
An inspector is someone who looks into, observes, and examines things — it's also a word for a detective.
The government employs many inspectors — an inspector has to check out the kitchen of a restaurant to see if they're following the rules for cleanliness. Hospitals need to let inspectors check things out, to make sure conditions are safe. Many types of business have inspectors — especially if there's a health concern. An inspector observes things carefully — an inspector checks things out.
WORD FAMILY
inspector: inspectors, inspectorship+/ inspect: inspected, inspecting, inspection, inspector, inspects/ inspection: inspections/inspectorship: inspectorships
USAGE EXAMPLES
Inspectors detect the larvae by looking for the powdery product of their wood boring, which looks like sawdust.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
Inspector Thrower said Mr. Gronych is from Slovenia and is in Canada on a work visa.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
State Auditor and Inspector Gary Jones says he expects at least five of those counties to pass the audit next year.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 检查员; （英国公共汽车或火车上的）查票员; （警察）巡官; 检阅官
分布：检查员(75%)，巡官(15%)，巡视员(10%)
→来自inspect,检查，巡视。
noun countable
 IMPROVER
■someone whose job is to officially inspect something 检查员；视察员
• a tax inspector 税务稽查员
• a school inspector/an inspector of schools 督学
 IMPROVER UK
■a police officer of middle rank, above a sergeant and below a superintendent 督察，巡官
n. [经管] [交] 检查员；巡视员
 - supervisor, looker

Word: allegedly
Front: allegedly
[ə'ledʒɪdlɪ] (4656/5801)
Vocabulary: allegedly
(once / 1690 pages)
adv
If someone is said to be allegedly guilty of something, it means that proof has yet to be produced or they have yet to be found formally guilty by law.
Allegedly is used almost entirely in a legal sense, referring to a potentially criminal action that is being or will shortly be decided in court. (It's from the medieval English word allege, meaning "quoted" or "brought forth in court.") For less serious matters, such as whether or not your boyfriend called you a liar, the word supposedly is generally used. Though watch out, because if you take him to court, you will become "allegedly a liar."
WORD FAMILY
alleged: allegedly +/ allegation: allegations/ allege: allegation, alleged, alleges, alleging
USAGE EXAMPLES
Lampley then allegedly pointed a handgun at the man’s face.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Malaysia recently arrested seven men allegedly plotting to attack an international school, an entertainment district and an unspecified target in nearby Burma.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 01, 2017)
The violence was allegedly committed in front of an 8-year-old child.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adv. 依其申述; 据说
分布：依其申述(80%)，据传(20%)
ADJ
声称的；被断言的；涉嫌的
An alleged fact has been stated but has not been proved to be true.
例：They have begun a hunger strike in protest at the alleged beating.他们开始绝食以抗议有人所宣称的殴打行为。
例：...a list of alleged war criminals.战争嫌犯名单

Word: motion
Front: motion
[ˈməʊʃn] (研四六托雅 1822/1767 -K3)
Vocabulary: motion
(once / 72 pages)
nv
Motion is the way things get from place to place. The ball rolling down a hill is in motion, and as Isaac Newton once proved, it will remain in motion until it hits a wall or something else that makes it stop.
When motion is used as a noun, it describes movement, like the motion that propels a car from one end of the highway to another. When used as a verb, motion means to signal or direct. "A restaurant patron will motion to the server when he's ready for the check." Someone who is just "going through the motions" doesn't have to move at all, because they're just pretending.
WORD FAMILY
motion: motional, motioned, motioning, motionless, motions+/ motionless: motionlessly, motionlessness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The motion that prompted Monday’s hearing was submitted under seal.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
In 2012, the Michigan Legislature passed Public Act 520 establishing wolves a game species and setting in motion plans for a statewide hunting season.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The impeachment motion cites the pardons in accusing Ms. Park of selling favors.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 运动; 手势; 动机，意向; 请求
vt. 打手势; 向某人点头或摇头示意; 打手势要求[指示]
vi. 运动; 打手势
时态：motioned, motioning, motions
分布：运动(70%)，动作(12%)，提议(7%)，移动(5%)，打手势(3%)，大便(1%)，示意(1%)，向 ... 打手势(1%)
→来自拉丁语movere,运动，移动，词源同move.-t,过去分词后缀。
运动(mot+ion)[mot=move,表示"动"]
n.运动,动;提议,动议v.提议,动议She motioned to the waiter.他向侍者打了个手势.
US ['moʊ-] noun
MOVEMENT 移动
 IMPROVER countable or uncountable
■the act or process of moving, or a particular action or movement 动；运动；移动
• The violent motion of the ship upset his stomach. 船的剧烈摇晃使他的胃很不舒服。
• He rocked the cradle with a gentle backwards and forwards motion. 他轻轻地前后晃动摇篮。
• They showed the goal again in slow motion (= at a slower speed so that the action could be more clearly seen). 他们用慢动作又播了一次进球画面。
countable UK
■a polite way of referring to the process of excretion of solid waste, or the waste itself 排便，大便，粪便（委婉语）
• The nurse asked if her motions were regular. 护士问她排便是否正常。
UK ['məʊ.ʃən] US ['moʊ-] noun
SUGGESTION 建议
countable
■a formal suggestion made, discussed and voted on at a meeting （会议中正式提出准备表决的）提议，动议
• [+ to infinitive] Someone proposed a motion to increase the membership fee to £500 a year. 有人提议将会费增加至每年500英镑。
• The motion was accepted/passed/defeated/rejected. 提议获得接受／获得通过／被驳倒／遭到否决。
UK ['məʊ.ʃən] US ['moʊ-] noun
go through the motions informal disapproving
■to do something without thinking it is very important or having much interest in it 装装样子；敷衍了事
• He says he's been investigating my complaint, but I feel he's just going through the motions. 他说他一直在调查我的投诉，可我觉得他只是在敷衍了事。
UK ['məʊ.ʃən] US ['moʊ-] noun
put/set sth in motion
■to start a machine or process 使…开始运转，启动
• Once the printing processes have been put in motion, they're not so easy to stop. 印刷程式一旦开始，就不容易停下来。
• We wrote to the passport office to set the whole process in motion. 我们写信到护照办公室启动一整套程式。
UK ['məʊ.ʃən] US ['moʊ-] verb intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep]
■to make a signal to someone, usually with your hand or head 做手势；点（或摇）头示意
• I saw him motion to the man at the door, who quietly left. 我看到他向门口的人示意，那人便悄然离开了。
• Her attendants all gathered round her, but she motioned them away. 随从都围到她身边，但她示意他们离开。
• [+ obj + to infinitive] He motioned me to sit down. 他示意叫我坐下。
movement, motion, move
这组词都有“运动”的意思，其区别是：
movement: 通常抽象地指有规则的动作或定向运动，特指政治性的运动。
motion: 指不处于静止状态而在移动的过程中，强调运动本身，而不涉及其动因。
move: 着重开始的行动或变化。
n. 动作；移动；手势；请求；意向
 - removal, intention, move, shift, asking
vi. 运动；打手势
 - do sport, do morning exercise
vt. 运动；向…打手势
 - do sport, do morning exercise

Word: corpse
Front: corpse
[kɔ:ps] (托雅 5559/5143 -2)
Vocabulary: corpse
(once / 482 pages)
n
Another name for a dead body is corpse. You might hear the word on TV crime shows, but a corpse doesn't have to be a crime victim, just any lifeless body.
The words corpse and "corps" are often confused, and with good reason — both came from the Latin word corpus, meaning "body," and up until the 19th Century, both referred to a dead person. Around that time, the word with the "e" at the end was established as the word for a person's remains, while the other spelling was relegated to a "body" of people working together or in a military division, and very much alive!
WORD FAMILY
corpse
USAGE EXAMPLES
Medical examiners visually inspected the corpse, which was found dressed in a shirt, sweater and pants.
Reuters(Dec 30, 2016)
Boyle, now 73, was sentenced to 20 years to life in prison for aggravated murder and 18 months for abuse of a corpse.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
She shot him and slipped his corpse into a coffin with another cadaver to escape detection.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 死尸，尸体
分布：尸体(100%)
→来自词根corp，身体，见corporeal.
尸体(corpse[=corp身体]→尸体)[corp,corpor=body,表示"身体,团体"]
US [kɔ:rps] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a dead body, usually of a person （通常指人的）尸体
n. 尸体
 - lich, carcass, Corse, ptoma

Word: outweigh
Front: outweigh
[ˌaʊtˈweɪ] (托雅 8702/8540 -1)
Vocabulary: outweigh
(once / 2352 pages)
v
To outweigh is to be heavier or more important than something (or someone). A preschooler's needs might outweigh those of his uncle, even if the uncle does outweigh him by 200 pounds.
Your Great Dane definitely outweighs your kitten, just like your car outweighs your bicycle and you outweigh the ant you just accidentally stepped on. If someone says "the benefits outweigh the risks," they mean that what can be gained is much more significant that what might be lost or risked: "I think you should apply for that scholarship; the benefits really outweigh the risks."
WORD FAMILY
outweigh: outweighed, outweighing, outweighs
USAGE EXAMPLES
But, in cases where talent is accompanied by real psychological disturbance, do the creative benefits really outweigh the costs to the individual?
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
But one expert says if the sector is achieve its potential, consumers need to be reassured that the risks do not outweigh the benefits.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
Current estimates are that dark matter outweighs our stuff by a factor of 10 to 20.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. 在重量上超过; 比…重要; 胜过，强过; 比…有价值
时态：outweighed, outweighing, outweighs
分布：比 ... 有价值(50%)，比 ... 重要(50%)
→out-,超过，weigh,称重。
verb transitive
■to be greater or more important than something else 比…更重要；重于；大于
• The benefits of this treatment far outweigh any risks. 这种治疗方法的好处远远大于任何风险。
vt. 比…重（在重量上）；比…重要；比…有价值
 - come before, take precedence over

Word: commute
Front: commute
[kəˈmju:t] (研六托雅宝 6867/11235 -2)
Vocabulary: commute
(once / 1391 pages)
1nv 2v
A commute is a journey you take from home to work and back again. You might enjoy your subway commute because it gives you lots of time to read.
Your commute is your trip to work, and the verb commute describes making that trip — like your preference to commute by public bus. Another meaning of commute describes changing the length of a judicial sentence, like when a judge commutes someone's time in jail. You can see this meaning in the word's origin — the Latin word commutare, meaning "to change altogether."
WORD FAMILY
commute: commutable, commutation, commuted, commuter, commutes, commuting+/commutable: commutability, incommutable/commutation: commutations/ commuter: commuters/incommutable: incommutability, incommutably
USAGE EXAMPLES
The San Ysidro plan also calls for new bicycle lanes and pedestrian improvements to encourage people to stop commuting by car.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Several professors already commute to Montgomery for their classes.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
At the time, she was commuting every week to San Francisco to work on Urban Decay.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: vi. 通勤; 代偿
vt. 减刑; 交换; 用…交换; 使…变成
n. 通勤来往; 通勤来往的路程
时态：commuted, commuting, commutes
分布：通勤(46%)，交换(22%)，减刑(11%)，乘车上下班(10%)，改变(9%)，折换(2%)
→com-, 强调。-mut, 改变，交换，词源同move, mutable. 通常指固定往返于两地的人。
交换;坐公共交通车上下班(com共同+mute→和大家一起变动→坐公共车)[mut=change,表示"改变"]
v.乘公交车上下班,乘车(船等)往返于两地I acutely and resolutely refuted the brutal persecution of mute commuter.我尖锐而坚决反驳默默的通勤者的野蛮的迫害.
【记】com共同，mute改变－坐车换车－坐公车上下班com共同，mute哑巴：只有在公车里的人才都不说话。
【参】commuter（n 经常（乘火车）往返者；使用月票乘车者）
verb
TRAVEL 旅行
intransitive
■to make the same journey regularly between work and home 上下班往返；往返于工作地点与家之间；通勤
• It's exhausting commuting from Brighton to London every day. 每天上下班要往返于布莱顿与伦敦之间，令人疲惫不堪。
[kə'mju:t] verb
CHANGE 改变
transitive formal
■to change one thing into another 变换，改变
• People used to believe that you could commute base metals into gold. 人们过去曾认为能将贱金属变成黄金。
transitive specialized
■to exchange one type of payment for a different type 改变，改换（支付方式）
• I think I'll commute my life insurance into an annuity. 我想把人寿保险改为年金保险。
transitive legal
■to change a punishment to one that is less severe 减轻（刑罚）
• Her sentence was commuted from death to life imprisonment. 对她的判决由死刑减为无期徒刑。
[kə'mju:t] noun countable informal
■a regular journey between work and home 往返于工作地点与家之间
• It's at least an hour's commute to work. 上班路上至少要花一个小时。
vt. 减刑； [数] 交换；用……交换；使……变成
 - exchange for, give for

Word: timothy
Front: timothy
['tɪməθɪ] (-/7283)
Back: n. 梯牧草; 牛草
分布：梯牧草(100%)

Word: firearm
Front: firearm
[ˈfaɪərɑ:m] (宝 6598/9028 -1)
Back: n. 火器，尤指手枪或步枪
分布：火器(83%)，枪炮(17%)
【记】fire火，arm武器－枪支
US ['faɪr.ɑ:rm] slightly formal
noun countable
■a gun that can be carried easily （可携式）火器，枪支
• He was found guilty of possessing an unlicensed firearm. 他被判犯了无证持枪罪。
n. 火器；枪炮
 - betsy, shooter

Word: seriousness
Front: seriousness
[ˈsɪəriəsnəs] (8366/7640)
Vocabulary: seriousness
(once / 1069 pages)
n
Seriousness is a quality of being calmly intent, or serious. Your seriousness will serve you well when you're studying for an important test.
You might talk about the seriousness of an argument between two friends, or the seriousness of your math teacher when she expects the class to pay attention. Sometimes seriousness implies a bit of worry, like when you ask about the seriousness of your grandmother's health problems. The noun seriousness comes from an adjective, serious, with a Latin root, serius, which means "weighty, important, or grave."
WORD FAMILY
seriousness: seriousnesses+/overserious: overseriously/ serious: overserious, seriouser, seriousest, seriously, seriousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Yet even here, and in Shore’s broader role creating the musical personality of the sketch-comedy giant, is evidence of the composer’s seriousness.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
If they do something really inappropriate, for example hit another child, you seem to be incapable of reacting with the seriousness such behaviour warrants.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
The appeals court ruled the relatively modest fine wasn’t a disproportionate penalty compared with the seriousness of her crime.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 认真; 严肃地; 严重地; 非常严肃地
分布：严重性(47%)，严肃(39%)，认真(14%)
→来自 serious,严重的，严肃的，认真的，-ness,名词后缀。
【记】源于：serious（adj 严肃认真的；严重的）
【反】levity（n 轻率；轻浮）；flippancy（adj 无礼；轻率）
US ['sɪr.i-] noun uncountable
BAD 坏的
■the state of being very bad or severe 严重；恶劣
• I don't think he has any notion of the seriousness of the situation. 我认为他一点也不明白事情的严重性。
UK ['sɪə.ri.ə.snəs] US ['sɪr.i-] noun uncountable
NOT JOKING 不开玩笑的
■the state of being serious, rather than intending to be funny 严肃；认真
• In all seriousness (= completely seriously) now - joking aside - I do think there's a problem here that we've got to get sorted. 现在说正经的——言归正传——我确实认为这里有个问题我们得解决。
n. 严重性；严肃；认真
 - gravity, solemnness

Word: unrealistic
Front: unrealistic
[ˌʌnrɪəˈlɪstɪk] (8684/7764 -1)
Back: adj. 不切实际的; 不现实的; 空想的; 不实在的
分布：不切实际的(91%)，不实在的(9%)
US [-ri:.ə-] adjective
 ADVANCED
■having a wrong idea of what is likely to happen or of what you can really do; not based on facts 不切实际的；不实事求是的；不现实的
• I think these sales forecasts are unrealistic, considering how slow sales are at present. 想想目前的销售速度有多慢，我觉得这些销售预测是不切实际的。
• [+ to infinitive] It's unrealistic to expect an answer before next week. 期待下周之前得到答覆是不切实际的。
adj. 不切实际的；不实在的
 - ideal, dream

Word: thriller
Front: thriller
[ˈθrɪlə(r)] (高雅 8642/9961 -2)
Back: n. 恐怖小说; 使人毛骨悚然的东西; 令人感到兴奋的事; （电影）惊悚片
分布：惊悚片(74%)，惊险小说(26%)
→来自 thrill,紧张，-er,表物。比喻用法。
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■a book, play or film which has an exciting story, often about solving a crime （常指关于侦破罪案的）惊悚小说（或戏剧、电影）
• It's described here as a taut, psychological thriller. 该作品在这处被称为结构严密的心理惊悚小说。
n. 惊险小说；使人毛骨悚然的东西；使人毛骨悚然的小说
 - chiller

Word: fitch
Front: fitch
[fɪtʃ] (-/29148)
Back: n. 臭猫，臭猫毛，臭猫皮; 藤辫
分布：臭猫(50%)，臭猫毛(25%)，臭猫皮(25%)

Word: manila
Front: manila
[mə'nɪlə] (17234/17145)
Back: n. 马尼拉麻，马尼拉纸
adj. 马尼拉麻制的，马尼拉纸制的
分布：名词(100%)
→来自菲律宾首都Manila,现词义缩写自manila paper.
(also manilla) [mə'nɪl.ə] adjective
■made of strong brown paper 马尼拉纸制的
• manila envelopes 马尼拉纸信封
n. 马尼拉麻；马尼拉纸（等于manilla）
 - abaca, Manila hemp

Word: ripple
Front: ripple
[ˈrɪpl] (六雅宝 8123/9741 -1)
Vocabulary: ripple
(once / 544 pages)
1nv 2n
A ripple is a small wave on the surface of something, such as a ripple that forms a ring around the spot where you threw a pebble into the pond.
Ripple can also be a verb. For example, you might see raindrops ripple on top of a puddle. Ripple was first used in the 1670s to describe something that causes a ruffled surface, sort of like how water seems to momentarily gain texture as it's stirred. Ripple later came to describe a very small wave, but you've probably heard of the "ripple effect" in which tiny waves spread, setting off more and more waves.
WORD FAMILY
ripple: rippled, ripples, rippling+/rippling: ripplings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Governors typically use the speech to outline their priorities and introduce new programs and initiatives, sending ripples cascading across the state.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
“It’s like the ripple in the pond,’’ Banner said.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
That’s when he met up with Big Tree Farms co-founder Ben Ripple, who was working in Bali.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 使泛起涟漪; （把头发）弄成波浪形; 使作潺潺声
vt. 在…上形成波痕
vi. 发出潺潺声
n. 涟漪，涟波; [物]涟波; 涟波声，潺潺声; （头发等的）波浪形
时态：rippled, rippling, ripples
分布：波纹(47%)，涟漪(39%)，起伏(4%)，粗钢梳(2%)，使发出潺潺声(2%)，轻轻荡漾(2%)，潺潺声(2%)，使起波纹(1%)，使起涟漪(1%)
→可能来自 rip,撕开，撕裂，-le,表反复。引申词义波浪，涟漪。
【记】ri日，pp屁屁，le乐：太阳的屁屁乐了，出现皱纹－起涟漪。
noun
countable
■a small wave on the surface of water 涟漪；微波；细浪
• The stone she threw caused ripples to spread across the lake. 她扔了一块石头，湖面泛起阵阵涟漪。
countable
■a sound or feeling that spreads through a person or group of people, gradually increasing and then becoming smaller （声音的）传播起伏；（感情的）逐渐扩散
• A ripple of laughter/applause/etc. ran through the crowd. 人群中响起一阵阵笑声／掌声等。
• A ripple of excitement/unease/etc. flowed up her spine. 一阵激动／不安等顺着脊背传遍了她全身。
• News of the war hardly caused a ripple (= people showed little interest). 战争爆发的消息几乎没有引起任何回响。
uncountable
■plain ice cream with thin wavy lines of other flavours in it 彩条霜淇淋
• raspberry ripple 山莓霜淇淋
['rɪp.l] verb intransitive or transitive
■to (cause to) move in small waves （使）起涟漪；（使）如波浪般起伏
• The breeze rippled the water. 微风在水面吹起阵阵涟漪。
• His muscles rippled under his skin. 他皮肤下的肌肉条条突起。
surge, wave, ripple
这组词都有“波浪、浪、波涛”的意思，其区别是：
surge: 词义较模糊，泛指巨浪、波涛或作比喻使用。
wave: 普通用词，指水面上移动的任何具有峰谷皱形的波动，尤指距离相等的波浪，也比喻任何类似的物体。
ripple: 多指微风吹过水面或石头投入水中所激起的涟漪或细浪。
n. 波纹；涟漪； [物] 涟波
 - cockles, Sparkling Raindrops

Word: undercut
Front: undercut
[ˌʌndəˈkʌt] (宝 9112/13836 -1)
Back: vt. （网球等）从下削球; 廉价出售; 较便宜的工资工作
n. （网球等）下旋球; 牛的)腰部肉，里脊
vi. 底切
时态：undercut, undercutting, undercuts
分布：削弱(82%)，切球(6%)，廉价出售或工作(3%)，从下边切(3%)，下部切割(3%)，切口(3%)
US [-dɚ-] (undercutting, undercut, undercut)
verb transitive
CHARGE LESS THAN 报价少于
■to charge less than a competitor 报价低于（竞争对手）
• Big supermarkets can undercut all rivals, especially small high-street shops. 大型超市售价可以低于所有竞争对手，尤其是那些商业街上的小店铺。
• They claim to undercut their competitors by at least 5%. 他们宣称售价至少要比竞争对手低5%。
UK [ˌʌn.də'kʌt] US [-dɚ-] (undercutting, undercut, undercut)
verb transitive
DAMAGE 损害
■to damage something or to cause it to fail; undermine 削弱；损害；使失败
• He suspected it was an attempt to undercut his authority. 他怀疑这是企图削弱他的权力。
vt. 廉价出售；较便宜的工资工作；从下边削球
 - bargain sale

Word: unconventional
Front: unconventional
[ˌʌnkənˈvenʃənl] (六托 9964/14452 -1)
Vocabulary: unconventional
(once / 2779 pages)
adj
To be unconventional is to act, dress, speak, or otherwise exist out of the bounds of cultural norms. If you eat cheeseburgers for breakfast, that's somewhat unconventional.
Anything that's nonconformist or out of the ordinary can be described as unconventional. Every culture has its own conventions — or norms — and what may be unconventional in one region might be typical in another. The perception of what's unconventional is determined by context.
WORD FAMILY
unconventional: unconventionality, unconventionally+/ convene: convened, convener, convenes, convening, convention, reconvene /convener: conveners/ convention: conventional, conventioneer, conventions/ conventional: conventionalise, conventionalism, conventionality, conventionalize, conventionally, unconventional /conventionalisation: conventionalisations/conventionalise: conventionalisation, conventionalised, conventionalises, conventionalising/conventionalism: conventionalisms/conventionality: conventionalities/conventionalize: conventionalization, conventionalized, conventionalizing/conventioneer: conventioneers/ reconvene: reconvened, reconvenes, reconvening/unconventionality: unconventionalities
USAGE EXAMPLES
The 22-year-old is representing himself, and the process is likely to be unconventional.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
With Roof representing himself, the process is sure to be unconventional.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
With the 22-year-old representing himself, the process is sure to be unconventional.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 非传统的; 非常规的; 不依惯例的; 通脱自喜
分布：非传统的(56%)，非常规的(41%)，不合惯例的(3%)
【记】un不，conventional（adj 惯例的；常规的）：非传统的
adjective
■different from what is usual or from the way most people do things 不因循守旧的；不同寻常的
• an unconventional childhood/lifestyle/marriage 不一样的童年／生活方式／婚姻
adj. 非常规的；非传统的；不依惯例的
 - unorthodoxy, nontraditional

Word: bungle
Front: bungle
[ˈbʌŋgl] (宝 22574/23903 -1)
Vocabulary: bungle
(once / 2469 pages)
vn
Saying the wrong thing at the wrong time, dropping something, tripping and falling: these are some classic bungles — and they’re always embarrassing.
Bungles are bummers, it’s true. Ever said something awkward in front of a grandparent or dropped a cake on someone’s lap? Those are bungles — accidents that make you blush. Bungle can also be used as a verb when someone acts like a fool or simply messes everything up, as in “The teacher bungled her lecture because she left her notes at home,” or “My bungling dad fell into the punch bowl. Again.”
WORD FAMILY
bungle: bungled, bungler, bungles, bunglesome, bungling+/ bungler: bunglers/bungling: bunglingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Perhaps Melania Trump’s decision to stay in New York for her son’s schooling was prompted by Jackie Kennedy’s advice not to “bungle raising your children.”
Time(Dec 22, 2016)
It’s a clever enough conceit, doomed by a bungled meet cute.
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Though Indians have until the end of the year to swap their defunct bills, the roll-out of new ones has been bungled.
Economist(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 搞糟，完不成; 笨手笨脚地做，拙劣地工作
n. 拙劣的工作; 粗制滥造; 失败
vt. 搞糟，搞坏; 完不成; 笨手笨脚地做
时态：bungled, bungling, bungles
分布：搞坏(36%)，贻误(28%)，拙劣地工作(9%)，粗制滥造(9%)，搞糟的工作(9%)，粗率地做(9%)
→拟声词，模仿笨手笨脚的声音。
【记】读：般沟。帮人搬家把东西般到沟里－拙劣的工作
【参】bungler（n 笨手笨脚的人）；jungle（n 丛林）读：长高tangle（v 纠缠）读：探戈－两个人纠缠在一起。
【反】bring off（顺利完成）
verb transitive
■to do something wrong, in a careless or stupid way 弄糟；（笨手笨脚地）把…搞砸
n. 粗劣；失败；笨拙
 - failure, loss, losing, defeat, reverse

Word: catalyst
Front: catalyst
[ˈkætəlɪst] (六托雅宝 7915/8852 -1)
Vocabulary: catalyst
(once / 6417 pages)
n
A catalyst is an event or person causing a change. Getting kicked out of your parents' house might be a catalyst for becoming more independent.
The noun catalyst is something or someone that causes a change and is derived from a Greek word. It can be somewhat ordinary, like a hot day being a catalyst for getting your hair cut really short. Or it can be major, like how the assassination of the archduke Franz Ferdinand of the Austro-Hungarian Empire is said to be a catalyst of World War I.
WORD FAMILY
catalyst: catalysts
USAGE EXAMPLES
“But our approach to transportation innovation is that we want to be a catalyst for new and interesting technologies.”
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Haber discovered that was necessary as a catalyst to break the bonds between air's nitrogen atoms and persuade them to bond with hydrogen instead.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
Former Hull Labour MP, Lord Prescott, said he hoped the event would be a catalyst for change in Hull.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. <化>触媒，催化剂; 〈比喻〉触发因素; 促进因素; 〈口〉有感染力的人
分布：催化剂(98%)，刺激因素(2%)
→来自catalyse，催化。
催化剂(cata向下+lyst→分解下去→催化[剂])[lys,lyst=breakbown,表示"裂开,分解"]
【记】cata下面，lyst＝least少－沉淀到下面，量很小的东西－催化剂
【参】catalysis（n 催化作用）；catalytic（adj 催化的）
【反】inhibitor（n 抑制剂）；catalyze（vt 催化）－retard（vt 延迟；使减速）/prevent（v 防止；预防）
US ['kætˌ-] noun countable specialized
■something that makes a chemical reaction happen more quickly without itself being changed 催化剂
■an event or person that causes great change 促成变化的人；引发变化的因素
• The high suicide rate acted as a catalyst for change in the prison system. 高自杀率促成了监狱制度的改革。
n. [物化] 催化剂；刺激因素
 - fuel, activator

Word: altitude
Front: altitude
[ˈæltɪtju:d] (高研四六托雅 6370/8085 -1)
Vocabulary: altitude
(once / 937 pages)
n
The noun altitude refers to how high something rises: “The high altitude of the Himalayan mountain range slowed the progress of the hikers.”
Whether it refers to how high a plane is flying or to the height of a landform, the word altitude is used to describe an object’s elevation above a particular reference point. Altitude is typically measured from sea level, which is the average level of the sea’s surface. Something that is far above sea level — such as Mount Everest — is said to have a high altitude. Something closer to the ground — such as a plane approaching for landing — is said to have a low altitude.
WORD FAMILY
altitude: altitudes, altitudinal, altitudinous
USAGE EXAMPLES
The flight was in the air for a total of 70 seconds and reached an altitude of 820 feet, Bainetov said Thursday.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Two years ago, Dr. Nielsen and other researchers identified another Denisovan gene, in Tibetans, that helps them use oxygen efficiently at high altitudes.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
They herd llamas and goats on arid land, knit Andean hats for extra money and chew coca leaves to fight off the altitude’s dizzying effects.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 高度，海拔高度; 高位，高等; [天]地平纬度; [数]顶垂线
分布：高度(58%)，海拔(41%)，高地(1%)
高度(alt+itude表名词)[alt=high,表示"高"]
n.高度,海拔;[pl.]高处,高地Prolong the sponge along the longitude and latitude at an altitude.沿着经度和纬度在一高度延长海绵.
【记】alt高，itude表名词－高度
【参】exalt（v 晋升）；altimeter（n 高度计）
US [-tˌə.tu:d] noun countable
■height above sea level 海拔，海拔高度
• We are currently flying at an altitude of 15 000 metres. 现在我们正在15 000米的高度上飞行。
• Mountain climbers use oxygen when they reach higher altitudes. 到了海拔较高的地方，登山者就要使用氧气。
height, altitude, elevation
这组词都有“高度”的意思，其区别是：
height: 普通用词，指任何物体可测量到的高度，不管物体本身的高低如何。
altitude: 指海拔高度，也指离开地面的高度。
elevation: 主要指山丘或耸立在地面上物体的海拔高度。
n. 高地；高度； [数] 顶垂线；（等级和地位等的）高级
 - height, raise, elevation, rise

Word: hesitate
Front: hesitate
[ˈhezɪteɪt] (研四六托 3924/3279 -K2)
Vocabulary: hesitate
(once / 89 pages)
v
To hesitate is to pause before doing something, often out of concern or worry.
If you're playing basketball and have a wide-open shot but don't take it right away, you hesitated. Maybe you felt too much pressure to shoot the ball. When people are nervous or worried, they tend to hesitate. Hesitating while speaking is common. In class, if you're not sure you have the right answer, you'll hesitate. When giving bad news, people often hesitate. Sometimes it makes sense to hesitate and sometimes you just need to do what you have to do.
WORD FAMILY
hesitate: hesitated, hesitater, hesitates, hesitating, hesitation, hesitator+/hesitater: hesitaters/hesitating: hesitatingly, unhesitating/ hesitation: hesitations/hesitator: hesitators/unhesitating: unhesitatingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Let’s not hesitate to tell him what to do.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Schanes told Gates to never hesitate in calling to get revisions done to her wig.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
The issue arose again in September, he said, when he hesitated because of a daughter’s upcoming wedding.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: vi. 犹豫，踌躇; 不愿; 支吾; 停顿
vt. 对…犹豫; 不情愿
时态：hesitated, hesitating, hesitates
分布：犹豫(96%)，不情愿(2%)，口吃(2%)
→来自拉丁语haerere,粘着，粘附，来自ghais,粘结，词源同adhere,inherent,adhesive.
踌躇,犹豫(hest+itate粘粘糊糊→犹豫)[her,hes=stick,表示"粘附"]
v.犹豫,踌躇;含糊,支吾At the station the statesman hesitates to state the status of the statue.在车站政治家不愿陈述雕像的状况.
verb intransitive
 ADVANCED
■to pause before you do or say something, often because you are uncertain or nervous about it 犹豫，踌躇
• She hesitated slightly before answering the inspector's question. 在回答调查员的问题之前，她稍稍犹豫了一下。
• "Do you love me?" she asked. He hesitated and then said, "I'm not sure". ｢你爱我吗？｣她问道。他犹豫了一下，然后说：｢我不确定。｣
• [+ to infinitive] If you need anything, don't hesitate to call me. 如果你需要甚么，马上打电话给我。
hesitate, waver
这组词都有“犹豫，踌躇”的意思，其区别是：
hesitate: 普通用词，一般指在决定干什么，选择什么或说什么等行动之前犹豫不决。
waver: 指因优柔寡断而迟迟不见行动，或虽作出决定，伸行动上却犹豫不决，因此含畏缩不前之意。
vi. 踌躇，犹豫；不愿
 - vacillate, stand at
vt. 踌躇，犹豫；有疑虑，不愿意
 - stand at, hang back

Word: gray
Front: gray
[greɪ] (四六 1939/5464 -K)
Vocabulary: gray
(once / 174 pages)
1adjnv 2nadj 3adj 4n 5n
Because the color gray is between black and white — actually a mix of the two — it is often used to denote something dull or monotonous. When the sun comes out after a long stretch of gray days, you suddenly feel alive again. Everybody to the beach!
You might feel old when you see your gray hairs, but I think they make you look wise and distinguished. Because gray is dull and indistinct, you can refer to something not quite clear as being "in a gray area." You often find some gray area between right and wrong . . . especially when you are accused of doing something wrong. Don’t worry about the British spelling "grey": it’s interchangeable with the American English spelling.
WORD FAMILY
gray: graily, grayed, grayer, grayest, graying, grayish, grayly, grayness, grays
USAGE EXAMPLES
He is a cheerful, demonstrative man, seventy-six years old, with a short gray beard and a mobile face.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Silver-haired, wearing a gray dress shirt and black pants and a tie, he did not yell or pound his fist.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The department also announced Friday that the recreational fishing season for gray triggerfish will remain closed for 2017 or until further notice.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 灰色; 灰马; 灰色颜料; 暗淡的光线
adj. 灰色的; 灰白头发的; 阴暗的; （指脸因恐惧、生病等）苍白的
v. （使）变灰色
vi. 成为灰色或灰白
时态：grayed, graying, grays
分布：灰色(75%)，灰色的(22%)，暗淡(1%)，变灰色(1%)，使 ... 变灰色(1%)
→来自gher, 照耀，照明。此处指微光，灰白色。词义演变比较brown, 来自bher, 照耀，照明，词源同bright.
adjective
 ESSENTIAL US spelling of
■grey grey 的美式拼法
adj. 灰色的；苍白的；灰白头发的；阴郁的
 - grey, sad
n. 灰色；暗淡的光线
 - grigio, Pixel Toy Remix

Word: blank
Front: blank
[blæŋk] (高研四雅 4578/4310 -K2)
Vocabulary: blank
(once / 272 pages)
1adjn 2adj 3nadj 4v
Something that's blank is empty or undecorated. A blank canvas hasn't been drawn or painted on yet — it's clean and unmarked.
A blank computer screen has no information on it, and a blank look on someone's face is completely free of any expression, revealing nothing. If your mind goes blank during a job interview, you are left without any thoughts for a moment. When blank is a noun, it means "a line to be filled in" or "an empty space." In the 1500s, a blank was the empty, white center of a target, from the French word blanc, or "white."
WORD FAMILY
blank: blanked, blanker, blankest, blanking, blankly, blankness, blanks+/blankness: blanknesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
The reality is that he was at work on “Blank Face LP” — and being a father to his 7-year-old daughter.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Falcons owner Arthur Blank said the $1.6 billion Mercedes-Benz Stadium, which opens next year, will be ready to host his MLS team this summer.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“It’s a plain vanilla blank canvas,” she said.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 空白的; 空的，无信息的，未填写的; 茫然的; 空虚的
n. 空的空间或地点; 填空处，空白表格; 坯; 无用的东西
vt. 消失; 挡住通路; [体育运动] 阻止（对手）得分; 打孔，盖印
vi. 走神; 逐渐消失
时态：blanked, blanking, blanks
分布：空白(80%)，空白的(13%)，空白处(4%)，茫然的(3%)
→来自PIE * bhel, 燃烧，发光。此处指发白光，白色。
空白的(blanc的变体)[blanc=white表示"白"]
a.空白的,空着的;失色的n.空白;表格The frank man put the first-rank blank blanket into the tan tank.直率的男子将一流空白毛毯放进黝黑的大容器
adjective
EMPTY 空的
 ADVANCED
■empty or clear, or containing no information or mark 空白的，无字的；空着的
• a blank sheet of paper 一张白纸
• a blank tape/computer screen 空白磁带／空白的电脑萤幕
• Sign your name in the blank space at the bottom of the form. 在表格底部的空白处签名。
[blæŋk] adjective
NOT REACTING 无反应的
■showing no understanding or no emotion in the expression on your face 茫然的，木然的
• a blank stare/expression 茫然的凝视／木然的表情
[blæŋk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] blank sth out
COVER
■to intentionally cover over something that is written so that it cannot be read 遮住；涂掉；抹去
• Some of the names in the report have been blanked out. 报告中有些名字已经被抹掉了。
FORGET
■to stop yourself thinking about a memory because it is unpleasant and you would prefer not to remember it 刻意忘记，抹去对…的记忆
• There may be traumatic incident in your past that you have blanked out. 过去你可能经历过创伤，而你已经从记忆中抹去了。
[blæŋk] noun countable
■a space in a piece of writing or on a form, left empty for information to be added （档或表格的）空白处，空格
• Fill in the blanks in this form. 将这份表格填好。
■something not yet drawn or finished, such as a key not yet cut into a finished shape 坯件，原坯
■(also blank cartridge)
■a small tube containing explosive but no bullet, used in a gun in order to make a loud noise without causing harm 空弹；空包弹
• The starter's pistol fires blanks. 发令员的枪放的是空包弹。
open, blank, vacant, hollow, empty
这组词都有“空的”的意思，其区别是：
open: 指未被占有，从而可被别人得到的。
blank: 指上面没有写字、印刷或做记号的空白表面，或指上面留着准备被填写的空白处。
vacant: 普通用词，侧重某物或某个位置没有被占用。
hollow: 指物体中间是空的。
empty: 指空无一人或一物，或空洞无意义的。
adj. [电讯] [印刷] [计] 空白的；空虚的；单调的
 - flat, vacant
n. [电讯] [印刷] [计] 空白；空虚；空白表格
 - gap, vacancy
vt. 使…无效；使…模糊；封锁
 - fuzz up, bedim
vi. 消失；成为空白
 - disappear, vanish away

Word: anomaly
Front: anomaly
[əˈnɒməli] (托宝 8881/7902 -1)
Vocabulary: anomaly
(once / 1378 pages)
1n 2n
An anomaly is an abnormality, a blip on the screen of life that doesn’t fit with the rest of the pattern. If you are a breeder of black dogs and one puppy comes out pink, that puppy is an anomaly.
The noun anomaly comes from the Greek word anomolia, meaning "uneven” or “irregular.” When something is unusual compared to similar things around it, it’s the anomaly. If you are an Olympian who comes from a family of bookish types who all find it strenuous to walk the dog, you are an anomaly.
WORD FAMILY
anomaly: anomalies, anomalist, anomalous +/ anomalous: anomalously, anomalousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Justice Stephen G. Breyer, writing the controlling opinion in that 2014 case, acknowledged Roosevelt’s move, though he called it an anomaly.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“Sadly, Mr. Jacobs is no anomaly,” Holder wrote last summer in an opinion piece in the New York Times.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
At Wednesday’s event, some presenters used Metro data to call attention to anomalies in commuting patterns.
Washington Post(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. 异常，反常; 不规则; 畸形人（物）; 异常现象
分布：异常(86%)，反常(10%)，不规则(4%)
→前缀an-, 无，没有。-om, 同homo-, 同same,此处h脱落。即不一样，反常。
【记】a非，不，nomal正常－不正常－异常
【反】predicted occurrence（预料中事）；conformity to norms（遵守常规）
US [-'nɑ:.mə-] formal
noun countable or uncountable
■a person or thing that is different from what is usual, or not in agreement with something else and therefore not satisfactory 异常的人（或事物）；不规则；（同一种类中的）畸形
• Statistical anomalies can make it difficult to compare economic data from one year to the next. 统计上的不规范会使年与年之间的经济数据难以互相比较。
• The anomaly of the social security system is that you sometimes have more money without a job. 社会保障制度下的反常现像是，失业有时反而拿钱更多。
n. [气象] 异常；不规则；反常事物
 - abnormality, deviance

Word: dispel
Front: dispel
[dɪˈspel] (雅宝 10643/8525 -1)
Vocabulary: dispel
(once / 1012 pages)
v
To dispel is to get rid of something that's bothering or threatening you, regardless of whether that's warts, worries, or wild dogs.
The nifty thing about dispel is that you can use it when talking about emotional problems (such as worries and fears) as well as physical ones (such as wild dogs). Note, however, that when dispel is used in reference to physical foes, it often has the added meaning of scattering your opponents in all directions. So, while you can dispel a pack of wild dogs, you should just chase off or drive away a lone wolf. Good luck with that, by the way.
WORD FAMILY
dispel: dispelled, dispelling, dispels
USAGE EXAMPLES
That's been dispelled a million times, and they still lean on that.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
And yet she did much to dispel the stigma around mental illness, even cheekily proposing a Bipolar Pride Day.
The New Yorker(Dec 28, 2016)
If President-elect Trump wants to dispel the miasma hanging about, he needs, more than anything, a strategic plan.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: vt. 消除（疑虑等）; 驱散（云雾等）; 驱逐
时态：dispelled, dispelling, dispels
分布：消除(66%)，驱散(34%)
→dis-, 分开，散开。-pel, 驱动，驱赶，词源同expel, impel.
驱除,消除(dis+pel推→推开→驱除)[dis-①表示"不,消失掉"②表示"分开,分离"]
驱散(烟雾等)(dis分开+pel→推开→驱散)[pel,puls=drive,push,表示"驱动,推"]
【记】dis向四面八方，pel推－驱散
【参】propel（vt 推进；驱使）；expel（v 驱逐；开除）
[dɪ'spel] (-ll-)
verb transitive
■to remove fears, doubts and false ideas, usually by proving them wrong or unnecessary 消除（恐惧）；扫除（疑虑）；打消（错误念头）
• I'd like to start the speech by dispelling a few rumours that have been spreading recently. 我想在演讲的开头先澄清一些近期流传的谣言。
vt. 驱散，驱逐；消除（烦恼等）
 - eliminate, avoid

Word: abundance
Front: abundance
[əˈbʌndəns] (研六托雅宝 5425/7038 -1)
Vocabulary: abundance
(once / 349 pages)
1n 2n
To have an abundance of something is to have more than you need. It's often used to describe positive qualities, such as "an abundance of love."
Abundance is the opposite of scarcity. An abundance of wealth is a ton of cash. An abundance of friends sounds like a good thing, but it can get overwhelming when it comes to scheduling time to hang out or buying gifts. This noun comes from to us from the mid-14th century French, via the Latin abundantia, meaning "fullness, plenty."
WORD FAMILY
abundance: abundances+/ abound: abounded, abounding, abounds, abundant /abounding: aboundingly/ abundant: abundance, abundanter, abundantly, overabundant, superabundant/overabundant: overabundance, overabundantly/superabundant: superabundance, superabundantly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Thanks to an abundance of major-league album releases in 2016, and some genuine coups by bookers, however, an imaginative summer season is on the horizon.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
And for the caviar substitute, add delicate pinky-orange trout roe, glistening like pearls, and used in abundance.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
“There’s an abundance of natural gas in the Rockies,” David Lawler, chief executive of BP’s Lower 48 division, said in an interview.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 丰富，充裕; 大量，极多; 盈余; 丰度
分布：丰富(85%)，充裕(15%)
丰富,富裕[und=wave,表示"波动"]
n.丰富,充裕,大量The apple tree yields an abundance of fruit.这棵苹果树结果甚多.
【记】参考abound（v 丰富），und－波浪
[ə'bʌn.dənts] formal
noun [S or U]
■when there is more than enough of something 大量；充足；丰富
• There was an abundance of wine at the wedding. 婚礼上有足够多的葡萄酒。
• We had wine in abundance. 我们有充足的葡萄酒。
n. 充裕， [地化] 丰富
 - plenty, pregnancy, amplitude, enrichment

Word: nitrogen
Front: nitrogen
[ˈnaɪtrədʒən] (研四六托雅 5881/6287 -1)
Back: n. [化]氮，氮气
分布：氮(100%)
→nitr-,硝，-gen,产生。因研究硝石化学性质时认识这种气体而得名。
n.[化]氮The nitrogen atoms combine instantaneously, simultaneously and spontaneously.氮原子瞬间同时自动化合.
noun uncountable
■a gas with no colour or taste which forms about 78% of the Earth's atmosphere and is a part of all things which live 氮（气）
n. [化学] 氮
 - azote

Word: enrolment
Front: enrolment
[ɪnˈrəʊlmənt] (雅 -/10724)
Back: n. 登记; 注册; 注册; 入会
分布：入学(87%)，入会(6%)，入伍(5%)，登记或注册(2%)
n. 登记，注册；入学
 - registration, entry

Word: espionage
Front: espionage
[ˈespiənɑ:ʒ] (宝 11218/14525 -1)
Vocabulary: espionage
(once / 2432 pages)
n
It's no secret: espionage is the act of organized spying, usually with the goal of uncovering sensitive military or political information.
If the government has relocated you to a foreign country, made you change your name, given you a fake mustache to wear, and instructed you to hide in a closet at the presidential palace and report back weekly on what you overhear, then you are engaging in espionage. This noun is similar to snooping, but generally applies to much more serious situations, like when countries or businesses spy on each other to try to obtain top secret information.
WORD FAMILY
espionage: counterespionage, espionages
USAGE EXAMPLES
These include such evils as copyright infringement, cybercrime, the invasion of privacy, hate speech, espionage—and perhaps cyberwar.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
In the meantime, her husband was charged with espionage and transferred to a prison medical ward.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“But it’s not just corporate espionage. The Bay Area is home to a lot of military installations.”
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 侦察; 间谍活动
分布：间谍活动(100%)
→e-, 缓音字母。spy, 间谍。
【记】espion＝spy（n 间谍）；spy作词根是“看”的意思
noun uncountable
■the discovering of secrets, especially political or military information of another country or the industrial information of a business （尤指获取他国政治、军事情报或商业情报的）间谍活动，间谍行为，刺探活动
• military/industrial espionage 军事间谍活动／产业间谍行为
⇒ See also spy
n. 间谍；间谍活动；刺探
 - illegal, secret agent

Word: ridicule
Front: ridicule
[ˈrɪdɪkju:l] (六托宝 10051/11214 -1)
Vocabulary: ridicule
(once / 170 pages)
nv
When you ridicule someone, you mock or make fun of them. They become the object of your ridicule or mockery. Your bad behavior might bring ridicule on your parents, who raised you to know better.
The word ridicule is related to ridiculous. If you ridicule a friend, you try to make them look ridiculous. But now that isn't very friendly! Both words come from the Latin redire which means to laugh. When you are ridiculed, you are made a laughing stock, but being the object of ridicule is never funny.
WORD FAMILY
ridicule: ridiculed, ridiculer, ridicules, ridiculing, ridiculous +/ridiculer: ridiculers/ ridiculous: ridiculousest, ridiculously, ridiculousness/ridiculousness: ridiculousnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Though ridiculed in some quarters as a ban on work-related email after hours, it is not quite that.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The moniker was ridiculed by Republicans as the unemployment rate still hovered around 9.5%.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Earlier Thursday, in her defence statement to a packed court in Istanbul, Erdoğan ridiculed the charges against her.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 嘲笑; 奚落; 嘲弄; 戏弄
vt. 嘲笑，嘲弄，奚落; 使…受嘲笑; 取笑
时态：ridiculed, ridiculing, ridicules
分布：嘲笑(81%)，愚弄(11%)，笑柄(8%)
嘲笑(red+ic+ule)[Rid,ris=laugh,表示"笑"]
【记】rid＝red，icule：说的话使别人脸红－嘲笑，奚落
noun uncountable
■unkind words or actions that make someone or something look stupid 嘲笑；奚落；戏弄
• She was treated with scorn and ridicule by her colleagues when she applied for the job. 她申请那份工作时，受到了同事们的嘲弄和奚落。
• He's become an object of ridicule (= a person that everyone thinks is stupid and criticizes or laughs at). 他成了众人嘲弄的对象。
['rɪd.ɪ.kju:l] noun uncountable
hold sb/sth up to ridicule
■to laugh unkindly and publicly at someone or something, or make them seem stupid 使…成为笑柄；公开嘲笑…；戏弄…
• Her plans were held up to ridicule. 他的计划成了大家的笑柄。
['rɪd.ɪ.kju:l] noun uncountable
lay yourself open to ridicule
■to make it easy for people to laugh unkindly at you 使自己成为笑柄；招致嘲笑
• You lay yourself open to ridicule wearing clothes like that. 你穿那样的衣服会沦为笑柄的。
['rɪd.ɪ.kju:l] verb transitive
■to laugh at someone in an unkind way 嘲笑；奚落；戏弄
• She rarely spoke her mind out of fear of being ridiculed. 她怕人嘲笑，几乎从来不说出自己的想法。
• He was ridiculed for his ideas. 他的想法使他受到嘲弄。
mock, sneer, ridicule, scoff
这组词都有“嘲笑”的意思，其区别是：
mock: 指一种挖苦的，带挑衅性的嘲笑。
sneer: 指除了用讽刺言语讥笑外还带轻蔑的表情。
ridicule: 多指有意地用言语对戏弄某人，以使之显得渺小，不重要。此种嘲笑善意恶意均可。
scoff: 指对一般受到尊重的事物的嘲笑。
vt. 嘲笑；嘲弄；愚弄
 - guy, deride
n. 嘲笑；笑柄；愚弄
 - joke, derision

Word: barrack
Front: barrack
[ˈbærək] (-/27280 -2)
Vocabulary: barrack
(once / 714 pages)
1vn 2v
A barrack is a building where military personnel live. It’s usually used in the plural, as barracks. It’s also a verb — when soldiers lodge in barracks, they barrack there. The word sounds like “bear-ick.”
Barrack comes from the Spanish barraca for "soldier's tent." Now it’s more than a tent. Barracks are the buildings where soldiers, commanders, medical staff, and anyone else affiliated with the military lodge. Many barracks are temporary buildings that can be taken down quickly and reassembled elsewhere. Other barracks are more sturdy and permanent, but the people who barrack (stay there) are always people in the military.
WORD FAMILY
barrack: barracked, barracking, barracks
USAGE EXAMPLES
Weaver graduated from the police academy last summer and was assigned to the Huntingdon barracks.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The soldiers slept in barracks, and a typical day started around 5:30 a.m. for breakfast and then work, he said.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
It would be a routine questioning, they assured him and others arrested that night, before hauling them off to a dark military barracks.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 营房，兵营; （临时性的）棚屋; 外观简陋划一的房屋
vt. 向…提供营房（或棚屋）; 使（如军人）住在营房内; 对…大嚷
vi. 住入营房（或棚屋）; 喝倒彩
时态：barracked, barracking, barracks
分布：军营(45%)，兵舍(30%)，嘲笑(17%)，使驻兵营内(8%)
→拟声词。
['bær.ək] UK
verb transitive
■to shout loudly in order to interrupt someone that you disagree with 起哄，喝倒彩
• Every time the minister got up to speak he was barracked mercilessly. 每次部长起来讲话，都有人毫不留情地喝倒彩。
['bær.ək] UK
verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  barrack for sb Australian
■to shout encouragement to the players in a football team 为（足球队员）呐喊助威 barracking
noun uncountable UK 1. She could not make herself heard above the constant barracking (= shouting). 由于有人不断起哄，人们听不清她的讲话。
n. 营房；兵舍
 - billet

Word: thump
Front: thump
[θʌmp] (托 9995/8054 -1)
Vocabulary: thump
(once / 931 pages)
1nv 2v
A thump is a hard, thudding sound, or an equally hard hit or blow, like the thump your older brother gives you when you embarrass him in front of his friends.
If you drop your backpack full of books it'll make a thump as it hits the floor. And, if your friend starts to choke on his lemonade at lunch, you might want to give him a thump on the back. You can also thump enthusiastically on a drum. Thump is an imitative word, one that mimics the sound of hitting something heavily. It dates from the sixteenth century.
WORD FAMILY
thump: thumped, thumping, thumps+/thumping: thumpingly, thumpings
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was a perfect opportunity for the Seahawks to deliver a classic thumping.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The Seminoles are at home next Saturday against Virginia Tech, which thumped No. 5 Duke 89-75 on Saturday.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Washington walked off the field on Jan. 1, 1992, after thumping Michigan 34-14 in the Rose Bowl, assuring itself a share of the national title.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 重击，捶击; 步履沉重地走; （心脏等）扑扑地跳; 砰地撞到
n. 砰的重击声; 重击，捶击; （电话中的）电报噪音; [无线]键击噪音
时态：thumped, thumping, thumps
分布：重击(56%)，重打(12%)，重击声(12%)，用拳头打(10%)，怦怦跳(5%)，猛击(5%)
verb intransitive or transitive
■to hit someone with your fist (= closed hand) or to hit something and cause a noise 重击，捶击
• He thumped him in the face. 他一拳狠狠打在他的脸上。
• He thumped on the door but nobody came. 他使劲敲门，但没人来应。
sb's head thumps
■If your head thumps, you can eel pain in strong beats in your head （某人）头痛欲裂
• When I woke up my mouth was dry and my head was thumping. 我醒来时口干舌燥、头痛欲裂。
sb's heart thumps
■If your heart thumps, it beats more strongly and quickly than usual, because of exercise, fear or excitement （某人）心怦怦直跳
• She stood outside his room, her heart thumping. 她站在他的房门外，心怦怦直跳。
[θʌmp] noun countable usually singular
■when you thump someone or something 重击，捶击
• If he does that again I'm going to give him a thump (= hit him with my closed hand). 如果他再那样做，我要好好捶他一顿。
■when something falls heavily, or the sound this makes 砰然落下，或物体落下的声音
• She fell to the floor with a thump. 她重重地摔倒在地上。
vt. 重击；用拳头打；砰地撞到
 - pound on, gang bang
vi. 重击；狠打；砰然地响
 - pound on, gang bang
n. 重打；重击声
 - pound

Word: cocktail
Front: cocktail
[ˈkɒkteɪl] (雅 5220/6452 -2)
Vocabulary: cocktail
(once / 1526 pages)
1n 2n
A cocktail is an alcoholic mixed drink that’s usually served in a short glass. If you have too many cocktails, you may not find your way home.
A cocktail will usually contain some type of hard liquor — such as gin or whiskey — mixed with something else. For example, a screwdriver cocktail is vodka mixed with orange juice. Many cocktails are mixed with some type of fruit juice, which hides the alcohol's taste. The word is also used as an adjective to describe things associated with these popular beverages. You might, for example, buy a new cocktail party dress to wear to an upcoming cocktail party. How smashing!
WORD FAMILY
cocktail: cocktails
USAGE EXAMPLES
Just minutes into the cocktail reception, a few of Ms. Kerr’s best friends descended upon her.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
For anyone who remembers the pre-Oslo years when Israeli soldiers patrolled the muddy streets of Gazalike target practice for Molotov cocktails, this is a disaster.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Here, he drinks a cocktail called the Hudson Duster — rye, lemon juice, amaretto — and contemplates the cadence of the average Drynuary.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 鸡尾酒; 餐前开胃菜; 混合物
adj. 鸡尾酒的; （女服）在半正式场合穿的
分布：鸡尾酒(91%)，鸡尾酒的(4%)，混合物(4%)，开胃品(1%)
→来自cock和tail的组合词，传说众多，一种最字面意思的说法即用公鸡尾巴调制的酒。
US ['kɑ:k-] noun
DRINK 饮料
countable
■a drink, usually an alcoholic one, made by mixing two or more drinks together 鸡尾酒（通常含酒精）
• We were all in the bar sipping cocktails. 我们都在酒吧里慢酌鸡尾酒。
• a champagne cocktail 香槟鸡尾酒
UK ['kɒk.teɪl] US ['kɑ:k-] noun
MIXTURE 混合物
countable usually singular
■a mixture of different things, often an unexpected, dangerous or exciting one （常指非常规的、危险的或令人兴奋的）混合物
• The inquest heard that the guitarist died from a cocktail of drink and drugs. 审讯中发现这个吉他手死于酗酒加吸毒。
• Cars produce a lethal cocktail of gasses. 汽车会产生一种致命的混合气体。
UK ['kɒk.teɪl] US ['kɑ:k-] noun
DISH 菜肴
countable or uncountable
■a cold dish, often eaten at the start of a meal, consisting of small pieces of food 杂锦冷盘
• fruit cocktail 水果拼盘
• a prawn/seafood cocktail 大虾／海鲜冷盘
n. 鸡尾酒；开味食品
 - stinger

Word: insulate
Front: insulate
[ˈɪnsjuleɪt] (研六托雅宝 10264/11805 -1)
Vocabulary: insulate
(once / 1642 pages)
v
The verb insulate means "protect from heat, cold, or noise," like when you add an extra layer of clothing to insulate yourself from the cold.
You can insulate a wall to keep sound out, or insulate your house to keep cold air from getting inside. So, to insulate is to protect against unwanted changes. Sometimes this can mean keeping out the influence or beliefs of other people, like a parent who tries to insulate his children from people who have different cultures or beliefs. You can see this meaning in the origin of insulate: the Latin word insula, meaning “to make into an island.”
WORD FAMILY
insulate: insulated, insulates, insulating, insulation, insulator +/ insulation: insulations/ insulator: insulators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Coleman’s outdoor products include cook stoves, insulated coolers and tents.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
It is also insulated from the local political pressures that the District’s elected leaders face to keep crime down.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Dear Heloise: I own several of the insulated casserole caddies used for transporting and keeping food warm.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: vt. 使隔离，使孤立; 使绝缘，使隔热
时态：insulated, insulating, insulates
分布：隔离(82%)，使绝缘(18%)
→来自拉丁语insula,岛，词源同isle,-ate,使。即使成孤岛的，引申词义隔热，绝缘。
隔离;使绝缘(insul+ate→变成岛的状态→偏离)[insul=isand,表示"岛屿"]
vt.隔离,孤立;使绝缘,使绝热Dust accumulated on the insulated simulator in the desolate lab.灰尘在孤独的实验室在被隔离的模拟器上堆积.
【反】expose（vt 使暴露；使曝光）
verb transitive
COVER 覆盖
■to cover and surround something with a material or substance in order to stop heat, sound or electricity from escaping or entering 使隔热；使隔音；使绝缘
• You can insulate a house against heat loss by having the windows double-glazed. 你可以给窗户装上双层玻璃来防止热量散失。
['ɪn.sjʊ.leɪt] verb transitive
PROTECT 保护
■to protect someone or something from outside influences 使隔绝，使隔离
• Children should be insulated from the horrors of war. 应该让孩子远离战争的恐怖。
• Until recently the country's economy has been insulated from recession by its reserves of raw materials. 该国由于原材料储备充足，直到最近其经济也没有受到衰退的影响。
separate, segregate, insulate, isolate
这组词都有“分开，分离，隔离”的意思，其区别是：
separate: 指一般意义上的分开或隔开。
segregate: 指把一群人或物从整体或主体中分离出来。
insulate: 指隔开、分离，尤指用某种东西阻挡从里面逃出或从外面进入的东西。作技术用词时，专指用某种绝缘体隔断通路。
isolate: 侧重指完全分离、隔开，也指人或处于完全孤立的状态。
vt. 隔离，使孤立；使绝缘，使隔热
 - segregant, quarantine

Word: jacket
Front: jacket
[ˈdʒækɪt] (中高研四六雅 2267/2400 -K3)
Vocabulary: jacket
(once / 367 pages)
nv
A jacket is a lightweight or cropped coat. Most jackets end at your waist or hips, while coats can be much longer. If you have outerwear made of denim or leather, feel free to call them jackets.
Jackets are generally long-sleeved and fasten with zippers, snaps, or buttons down the front. Other meanings of jacket generally include the sense of "outer covering," like a book jacket or the insulating jacket around your house's pipes. The word comes from the Middle French jaquet, "short coat with sleeves," from the Old French jacque, "tunic."
WORD FAMILY
jacket: jacketed, jacketing, jackets
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Yellow Jackets struggled badly in the lane, unable to capitalize on 13 offensive rebounds in the first half.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
His mother says he was only wearing a light jacket.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Sort clothes by type, grouping pants together, then shirts or blouses, jackets or dresses.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 短上衣，夹克; 土豆皮; 书籍的护封; 文件套，公文夹
vt. 给…穿夹克; 给…装护套; 给…包上护封; 〈口〉打
时态：jacketed, jacketing, jackets
分布：皮(41%)，短上衣(32%)，茄克衫(10%)，护封(7%)，装封套(4%)，加外套(4%)，绝缘护套(2%)
→jack,即Jack,-et,小词后缀。即小Jack,用于指这种衣服。另一种说法是来自古法语Jacque,人名Jack的法语形式，在古法语时为农民常用名，代指法国农民，即农民伯伯的衣服。
n.短上衣,茄克衫I packed the jackets and rackets into packets with the sacks.我们用袋子将夹克和球拍打成小包.
noun countable
CLOTHES 衣服
 ESSENTIAL
■a short coat 短上衣；夹克
• a leather/denim/tweed jacket 皮／牛仔布／粗花呢夹克
• The keys are in my jacket pocket. 锁匙在我的夹克口袋里。
['dʒæk.ɪt] noun countable
BOOK 书
■ dust jacket
n. 夹克； [服装] 短上衣
 - jerkin, lammy

Word: philosophical
Front: philosophical
[ˌfɪləˈsɒfɪkl] (4661/4779 -2)
Vocabulary: philosophical
(once / 422 pages)
adj
To be philosophical is to stay detached and thoughtful in the face of a setback, or to approach a tough situation in a level-headed way. When his girlfriend left him, Bernard was philosophical: "If she loves me, she'll return."
In ancient Greece, philosophy literally meant a love of knowledge and wisdom. In modern times, the field of philosophy is more specifically the study of how we think through problems. Great philosophers have all sorts of theories about how and why we think and act the way we do, but the word philosophical often just means that you choose to be more thoughtful and look at the 'big picture' when dealing with challenges.
WORD FAMILY
philosophical: philosophically+/ philosopher: philosophers/philosophise: philosophised, philosophiser, philosophises, philosophising/philosophiser: philosophisers/ philosophize: philosophized, philosophizer, philosophizes, philosophizing/philosophizer: philosophizers/philosophizing: philosophizings/ philosophy: philosopher, philosophic, philosophical, philosophies, philosophise, philosophize
USAGE EXAMPLES
Crosscultural variables, in fact, are at the heart of this seriocomic philosophical inquiry into peace and discord.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Talk philosophical nonsense about the nature of violence?
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Many great football coaches are distinguished by specific philosophical bents.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 哲学上的，哲学（家）的; 冷静的，沉着的; 明达的; 达观的
分布：哲学的(86%)，达观的(14%)
US [-'sɑ:.fɪ-] adjective
■relating to the study or writing of philosophy 哲学的；研究哲学的
• philosophical writings/essays 哲学著作／论文
■If you are philosophical in your reaction to something which is not satisfactory, you accept it calmly and without anger, understanding that failure and disappointment are a part of life. 豁达的，达观的；泰然自若的
adj. 哲学的（等于philosophic）；冷静的
 - cool, imperturbable

Word: shopkeeper
Front: shopkeeper
[ˈʃɒpki:pə(r)] (高研四六 12729/8491 -1)
Back: n. 店主，老板
分布：店主(98%)，零售商人(2%)
n.店主The chop shopkeeper let the blood drip to the crops.排骨店老板让血滴到庄稼上.
US ['ʃɑ:pˌki:.pɚ] (US usually storekeeper)
noun countable
■a person who owns and manages a small shop 店主
n. 店主，老板
 - boss, employer

Word: voluntarily
Front: voluntarily
[ˈvɒləntrəli] (7341/8592)
Vocabulary: voluntarily
(once / 862 pages)
adv
Use the adverb voluntarily to describe something you do willingly. For example, you might voluntarily stay home and babysit your little brother if the alternative is a trip to the grocery store.
People do things voluntarily when they are completely willing to do them, not forced or enticed by anyone else. Kids tend to eat candy voluntarily, ride their bikes with their friends voluntarily, and watch their favorite shows on TV voluntarily. It's easy to see the connection with the verb to volunteer, and both words are rooted in the Latin root voluntarius, "of one's free will."
WORD FAMILY
voluntary: involuntary, nonvoluntary, unvoluntary, voluntaries, voluntarily, voluntaryly+/ involuntary: involuntarily, involuntariness/nonvoluntary: nonvoluntarily/ volunteer: voluntary, volunteered, volunteering, volunteers
USAGE EXAMPLES
It added there is a chance Chung, an equestrian competitor who trained in Germany, may choose to return to South Korea voluntarily.
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
And — perhaps most inexplicable of all — there was 2007, when millions of people voluntarily installed Windows Vista.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Soon after the game ended, they voluntarily climbed up and peacefully left the perch.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adv. 志愿地; 自动地，自发地
分布：自动地(50%)，以自由意志(50%)
ADJ
自愿的;志愿的;主动的;自发的
Voluntary actions or activities are done because someone chooses to do them and not because they have been forced to do them.
例：Attention is drawn to a special voluntary course in Commercial French...一门特别的商务法语选修课引起了大家的关注。
例：The scheme, due to begin next month, will be voluntary.定于下个月开始实施的方案是自愿性质的。
ADJ
（工作）无偿的，义务性的
Voluntary work is done by people who are not paid for it, but who do it because they want to do it.
例：In her spare time she does voluntary work...她在业余时间做义工。
例：He'd been working at the local hostel for the handicapped on a voluntary basis.他曾在当地的残疾人救助站当过义工。
ADJ
（工作者）志愿的,无偿服务的
A voluntary worker is someone who does work without being paid for it, because they want to do it.
例：Apna Arts has achieved more with voluntary workers in three years than most organisations with paid workers have achieved in ten...“我们”艺术中心依靠志愿者在3年内取得的成就超过了大多数雇用受薪员工的机构10年中取得的成绩。
例：We depend solely upon our voluntary helpers.我们完全依靠我们的志愿者。
ADJ
（机构或组织）志愿的，义务性的
A voluntary organization is controlled and organized by the people who have chosen to work for it, often without being paid, rather than receiving help or money from the government.
例：Some local authorities and voluntary organizations also run workshops for disabled people...一些当地机构和志愿组织也为残疾人开设了一些工场。
例：It has been largely through the voluntary sector that the needs of victims have been met.受害者的需要主要是通过志愿组织予以满足的。
adv. 自动地；以自由意志
 - automatically

Word: abrupt
Front: abrupt
[əˈbrʌpt] (高研六托雅宝 8703/8560 -2)
Vocabulary: abrupt
(once / 194 pages)
1adj 2adj 3adj
An abrupt decision is one you make suddenly. An abrupt halt is one the Road Runner comes to when reaching an abrupt drop-off—you'd hear brakes squealing.
Because being abrupt with someone is often a way of showing them that you are angry, you often apologize for the appearance of it. "I'm sorry I was abrupt. I was rushing to get to class." The root of abrupt is Latin rumpere "to break," which also gives us rupture "break" and interrupt "break into."
WORD FAMILY
abrupt: abruptedly, abrupter, abruptest, abruptly, abruptness +/ abruptness: abruptnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro declared the abrupt cash overhaul an economic triumph, claiming people were racing to deposit the old notes into banks.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
He described the company’s change as an “evolution,” not an abrupt shift.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Everyone was surprised by the state’s abrupt change in position.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 突然的，意外的; 无理的，唐突的; 不连贯的; 陡峭的
分布：突然的(46%)，陡峭的(26%)，唐突的(18%)，意外的(10%)
→前缀ab-, 离开，断开。词根rupt, 断开，见corrupt, 词源同river, 水流冲刷。
突然的(ab离开+rupt→断开→突然断开→突然的)[rupt=break,表示"断裂"]
a.突然的,出其不意的;(行为等)粗鲁无礼的The abrupt corrupt man had the Xeroxed code corroded in the erosion episode.突然的腐败的人让人在腐蚀插曲过程中腐蚀被影印的代码.
adjective
SUDDEN 突然的
 ADVANCED
■describes something that is sudden and unexpected, and often unpleasant 突然的；意外的
• an abrupt change/movement 突变／突发的动作
• Our conversation came to an abrupt end when George burst into the room. 乔治突然冲进房间里，我们的谈话戛然而止。
• The road ended in an abrupt (= sudden and very steep) slope down to the sea. 道路沿一个险峭陡坡俯冲到海边，就到了尽头。
[ə'brʌpt] adjective
UNFRIENDLY 不友好的
■using too few words when talking, in a way that seems rude and unfriendly （言语）生硬的，鲁莽的，唐突的
• an abrupt manner /reply 唐突的举止／生硬的回答
• He is sometimes very abrupt with clients. 他有时对待客户非常粗鲁。
steep, abrupt, sheer
这些形容词均含“陡峭的，险峻的”之意。
steep: 指坡度向上逐渐增加的斜陡坡，强调险峻，暗示难于攀登。
abrupt: 着重指地形突然起伏，形成尖角状。
sheer: 指自始至终近于垂直的陡峭，不仅仅很难爬上去，甚至于不可能攀登。
adj. 生硬的；突然的；唐突的；陡峭的
 - sudden, short, angular

Word: grape
Front: grape
[greɪp] (中高研四六 4764/6533 -2)
Back: n. 葡萄; 深紫色，葡萄紫
分布：葡萄(98%)，葡萄树(1%)，深紫色(1%)
→可能来自grep, 弯钩，词源同crook, croquet. 原指剪葡萄的钩子，后指葡萄。
n.葡萄The scraped escapee taped the grapes into various shapes.擦伤的逃犯用带子把葡萄扎成各种形状.
noun
 ADVANCED countable
■a small round purple or pale green fruit that you can eat or make into wine 葡萄
• black/white/red/green grapes 紫／白／红／绿葡萄
• a bunch of grapes 一串葡萄
• seedless grapes 无籽葡萄
• grape juice 葡萄汁
the grape humorous only singular
■wine 葡萄酒
n. [园艺] 葡萄；葡萄酒；葡萄树；葡萄色
 - wine, Vitis vinifera

Word: caricature
Front: caricature
[ˈkærɪkətʃʊə(r)] (托宝 10757/13963 -1)
Vocabulary: caricature
(once / 1089 pages)
nv
A caricature is a satirical, exaggerated portrayal of person. You'd better not caricature your father by walking bent-over and speaking in his high voice. If he catches you, you'll be in trouble!
An exaggeration of a person's character results in a caricature. While this might help you to remember it's meaning, don't let the spelling confuse you. Character has an "h" but caricature does not. If you're so excited about something that you feel a little out of control, you might seem like a caricature of yourself to your friends. You can use this word as a verb too. Presidents and other prominent politicians are often caricatured in political cartoons.
WORD FAMILY
caricature: caricatured, caricatures, caricaturing, caricaturist+/caricaturist: caricaturists
USAGE EXAMPLES
His mask - which he painted himself, based on drawings by a local illustrator - features caricatures of the team’s other equipment men.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
His mask — which he painted himself, based on drawings by a local illustrator — features caricatures of the team’s other equipment men.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But she’s tried to steer clear of caricatures about ’60s radicals.
New York Times(Jan 12, 2012)
Back: n. 漫画，讽刺画; 漫画手法; 夸张讽刺的描绘; 滑稽可笑的模仿
vt. 把…画成漫画; 画成漫画讽刺; 用漫画手法描绘
时态：caricatured, caricaturing, caricatures
分布：讽刺(63%)，讽刺画(20%)，歪曲(6%)，笨拙的模仿(5%)，使滑稽化(3%)，画成漫画(3%)
→来自拉丁词carricare, 装载，词源同car, charge. 原指一种表达讽刺或其它的素描画。
漫画;讽刺文[caric=load(过分)]
【记】car汽车，I我，cat猫，我在汽车和猫之间－很滑稽－漫画
US ['ker.ɪ.kə.tʃʊr] noun countable or uncountable
■(the art of making) a drawing or written or spoken description of someone, which makes part of their appearance or character more noticeable than it really is, and which usually makes them look silly 漫画（艺术）；讽刺画；讽刺描述：
• The characters in his early novels are a lot subtler than the overblown caricatures in his more recent work. 和他近期作品中夸张的讽刺描述相比，他早期小说中的人物要含蓄得多。
• figurative Over the years he's become a grotesque caricature of himself. 经过这么些年，他已经变得性情乖张，举止荒谬。
UK ['kær.ɪ.kə.tʃʊər] US ['ker.ɪ.kə.tʃʊr] verb transitive
■to create a caricature 画漫画
• Charles Dickens caricatured lawyers (= represented them in a way which made them look silly) in several of his novels. 查尔斯‧狄更斯在几本小说里对律师进行了讽刺性描述。

Word: encouragement
Front: encouragement
[ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒmənt] (高 6193/4267 -K2)
Vocabulary: encouragement
(once / 427 pages)
n
When you help someone by offering positive words of support and approval, that's encouragement. It must have been the words of encouragement you gave in the airport lounge that helped your friend board the plane.
Within the word encouragement we see the word "courage," which means the ability to face danger and deal with it. To encourage, then, is to help develop that ability in someone, while the "ment" at the end makes that development into a noun, the act of giving courage or support to another. You needed a little encouragement to try horse riding again, after your injuries healed.
WORD FAMILY
encouragement: encouragements+/ courage: courageous, courages, encourage / courageous: courageously, courageousness/ encourage: encouraged, encouragement, encourages, encouraging / encouraging: encouragingly, unencouraging/unencouraging: unencouragingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Whenever career stress overwhelmed him, Mrs. Travare was always there with encouragement and support, he said.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
In many countries, private initiatives become franchises that spread fast with only a touch of state encouragement.
Economist(Oct 27, 2016)
American encouragement of settlement construction in new areas “would prove much harder for the Sunni leadership to swallow,” he said.
New York Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 鼓励; 支持（的事物）; 激励; 促进（的事物）
分布：鼓励(89%)，激励(11%)
US [-'kɝ:-] noun countable or uncountable
 IMPROVER
■when someone talks or behaves in a way that gives you confidence to do something 鼓励，激励
• Children need lots of encouragement from their parents. 孩子需要父母的不断鼓励。
• I could never have achieved this without the encouragement of my husband and family. 如果没有我丈夫和家人的鼓励，我永远都不可能取得这样的成就。
 IMPROVER
■words or behaviour that make something more likely to happen 促进；激发
• The armed forces are now giving positive encouragement to applications from Asians and black people. 武装部队现在积极鼓励亚裔人士和黑人申请入伍。
n. [劳经] 鼓励
 - buck sb. up, stimulin

Word: scent
Front: scent
[sent] (研四六托雅 4460/5433 -2)
Vocabulary: scent
(once / 313 pages)
nv
A scent is a smell. Every house has a particular scent that is recognizable to people as belonging to that house.
Scent comes from the Latin sentire meaning "to feel, perceive, sense." The word was originally used in reference to hunting dogs, who track down animals by their scent. If you "pick up a scent," then you have a clue about something. If you wear a perfume, then you leave your scent in the air as you pass. Use scent instead of smell if you want to talk about a distinctively nice odor, like the scent of fresh-cut grass.
WORD FAMILY
scent: scented, scenting, scentless, scents+/scented: ill-scented
USAGE EXAMPLES
Likewise, it's not clear whether an aromatherapy diffuser needs to be smartphone-controlled, even if its scents really boost memory and clean lungs, as claimed.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
She wanted to throw the wolves off the scent.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
The scent, it transpires, is white tea and thyme.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 香味，气味; 嗅觉; （动物的）臭迹; 痕迹，踪迹
vt. 闻到; 察觉，发觉; 使充满…的气味; 发出气味
vi. 发出…的气味; 有…的迹象; 嗅着气味追赶
时态：scented, scenting, scents
分布：气味(50%)，香味(37%)，线索(6%)，充满(3%)，发觉(2%)，闻出(1%)，得到 ... 的暗示(1%)
→来自古法语 sentir,感觉，感官，闻，来自拉丁语 sentire,感觉，感官，词源同 sense,sentiment. 插入字母 c 可能是受-sc-影响。引申词义闻，嗅，气味，气息等。
n.气味,香味,香水,线索,嗅觉v.嗅,发觉The neutral scent of kerosene is concentrated in the center of the scene.煤油的中性气味在场景中心被浓缩.
noun
countable
■a pleasant natural smell 香味
• the scent of roses 玫瑰的香味
countable
■a smell produced by an animal which acts as a signal to other animals （动物的）臭迹
• The hounds had lost the scent of the fox near the river. 猎狗在河边就闻不到狐狸的臭迹了。
countable or uncountable
■a pleasant-smelling liquid that people put on their skin; perfume 香水
• a bottle of scent 一瓶香水
[sent] noun
on the scent
■close to discovering 快要找到，已获得线索
• "We're on the scent of something big, " said the police chief. “我们快要抓到大鱼了，”警长说。
[sent] noun
throw/put sb off the scent
■to give someone false or confusing information to prevent them from discovering something that you do not want them to know about 使（某人）失去线索，使（某人）找不到
[sent] verb transitive
■If an animal scents something or someone, it knows they are there because it can smell them. （动物）嗅出，闻到
■If a person scents something, they have a feeling that they are about to experience it 觉察出；预感到
• Halfway through the match, the team could already scent victory. 打了半场以后，这个球队已经嗅到胜利了。
[sent] verb transitive
scent blood
■to believe that someone you are competing against is having difficulties and to use this to get an advantage for yourself 嗅到血腥味（相信竞争对手有麻烦，并利用之为自己取得好处）
• The manager has already made some serious errors of judgment and it is clear that other employees scent blood. 经理已经犯了一些严重的判断错误，显然其他员工都想利用经理的过失，为自己谋求利益。
smell, fragrance, incense, perfume, flavour, odour, scent
这组词都有“气味”的意思，其区别是：
smell: 普通用词，与odour很相近，中性词。可指好闻或不好闻或中性气味。
fragrance: 较正式的典雅用词，常指花妆品、花朵和香料等发出的令人感到新鲜、愉快的香味。
incense: 指香燃烧时发出的芳香的烟味。
perfume: 书面用词，指强烈、浓厚天然或人工制造的香气。
flavour: 指影响嗅觉、味觉的香气或香味，多用于指食物等独特的味。
odour: 书面中性词，侧重气味本身的本质，既可指令人愉快的气味，也可指令人作呕难闻气味。
scent: 与smell很接近，但着重某物质或物体所特有的气味，多指好闻的气味。
n. 气味；嗅觉；痕迹；察觉能力
 - smell, nose, mark, wind, trace
vt. 闻到；发觉；使充满…的气味；循着遗臭追踪
 - discover, wake to
vi. 发出…的气味；有…的迹象；嗅着气味追赶
 - show evidence of

Word: jay
Front: jay
[dʒeɪ] (18401/6282 -1)
Back: n. 松鸦; 过分多嘴的人; 喋喋不休的人
分布：松鸦(45%)，喋喋不休的人(33%)，杰伊(姓氏(11%)，男子名)(11%)
→来自古法语jai,喜鹊，松鸦，来自拉丁语gaius,松鸦，可能来自拟声词。引申词义多嘴的人，粗鲁无礼的人。
noun countable
■a noisy, brightly coloured bird 松鸦
n. 鸟；松鸡；喋喋不休的人
 - bird, niao

Word: policymaking

Word: shiny
Front: shiny
[ˈʃaɪni] (托 5128/6457 -K2)
Vocabulary: shiny
(once / 1405 pages)
adj
Shiny describes something with a smooth, glossy surface. If you want to see your reflection in the glass table, you'll have to polish it to keep it shiny.
Something shiny has a shine, a brightness that comes from reflecting light. Are you into shiny new cars, or shiny diamonds? Or do you like shiny, happy people? Good synonyms are lustrous, sheeny and glossy.
WORD FAMILY
shiny: shinier, shiniest, shinily, shininess+/ shine: shined, shiner, shines, shining, shiny, shone/shiner: shiners/shining: shininger, shiningest, shiningly, shinings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Metro’s sleek new stainless steel rail cars are noticeably different from their clanking aluminum predecessors: They’re shiny, brightly lighted, far more modern.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
He settled each onto his workbench and rubbed beeswax into them until they darkened and turned shiny.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
“We are the shiny new toy, but we need to be the favorite toy,” said Kevin Demoff, the Rams’ chief operating officer.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 发光的，光亮的; 闪耀的; 磨亮的; 磨损的
级别：shinier, shiniest
分布：闪亮的(60%)，发光的(35%)，擦亮的(5%)
→来自 shine,照耀，发光，-y,形容词后缀。
adjective
 ADVANCED
■A shiny surface is bright because it reflects light （表面）有光泽的，光亮的
• beautiful shiny hair 美丽有光泽的头发
• shiny black shoes 闪亮的黑皮鞋
• a shiny silver dollar 一枚闪闪发亮的银币
adj. 有光泽的，擦亮的；闪耀的；晴朗的；磨损的
 - brilliant, wearing, fair, fine, clear

Word: dazzle
Front: dazzle
[ˈdæzl] (研六托雅 12418/13863 -1)
Vocabulary: dazzle
(once / 363 pages)
vn
To dazzle is to blind someone for a moment with light, like a deer in the headlights. You can also dazzle by impressing people, and not just by wearing a sparkly sequined shirt.
Have you ever had a light shine in your face so you couldn't see for a second? You were dazzled. To dazzle is to blind someone in this way. A car's high-beam lights can dazzle other drivers. Looking directly at the sun is a way to dazzle yourself. Dazzling puts you in a daze for a second. Also, anything impressive can dazzle. A great writer dazzles readers. An impressive speaker dazzles listeners. It's like you're blinded by their brilliance.
WORD FAMILY
dazzle: dazzled, dazzles, dazzling +/ dazzling: dazzlingest, dazzlingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Bernstein, in his book, called Davies and Service “smart and dedicated public servants” who were “naïvely dazzled” by the Communists.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
That opened up more opportunities for Gill against Illinois, including on several pick-and-roll situations that ended in dazzling finishes.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
It’s described as “a multi-sensory display of live music, dazzling light show and pyrotechnics” in Copley Square.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: vt. 使目眩; 使惊异不已
n. 耀眼; 眩惑; 灿烂
vt. & vi. 目眩; 赞叹
时态：dazzled, dazzling, dazzles
分布：使眼花(50%)，使赞许(25%)，光辉(25%)
→来自daze, 发晕。
v.使惊奇,使倾斜;耀(眼)n.耀眼的光The dazzling light from the digital device dizzied me.来自数字化的设备的耀眼的光使我头昏.
【参】dazzling（adj 眼花缭乱的；耀眼的）
verb
transitive
■If light dazzles you, it makes you unable to see for a short time 使感到刺眼，使感到目眩
• I was dazzled by the sunlight. 阳光刺得我张不开眼。
transitive usually passive
■If you are dazzled by someone or something, you think they are extremely good and exciting 使倾倒，使赞叹
• I was dazzled by his charm and good looks. 我为他的魅力和堂堂相貌所倾倒。
n. 耀眼的光；灿烂
 - effulgence, flashiness
vi. 眼花缭乱；炫耀
 - show off, brag about

Word: unseat
Front: unseat
[ˌʌnˈsi:t] (17642/20545 -1)
Back: vt. 从马上摔下; 把…从座位（尤其是马鞍）上移开; 降级，撤职，革除（职位）; 使失去资格
时态：unseated, unseating, unseats
分布：使……退职(100%)
verb transitive
POLITICIAN 政客
■to remove someone from power, especially as a result of an election （尤指透过选举）罢免，使下台
• The opposition candidate failed by only 39 votes to unseat the cabinet minister. 反对党候选人仅以39票之差而未能将这位内阁部长赶下台。
[ʌn'si:t] verb transitive
RIDER 骑手
■If a horse unseats its rider, it throws them from its back. 使从马上摔下
vt. 罢免；剥夺…的席位；使失去资格；使从座位上（或马背上）摔下
 - vote down, dethrone

Word: assertive
Front: assertive
[əˈsɜ:tɪv] (六宝 11368/12090 -1)
Vocabulary: assertive
(once / 4466 pages)
adj
If you are upfront about what you want and bold in devising a plan that helps you get it, you could be described as assertive, meaning you act with authority and confidence.
English offers many ways to describe getting what you want — demanding, insistent, and pushy are a few of them. People who are assertive aren't as aggressive as those who are demanding and pushy, and they can negotiate a little better than those who are insistent. Use assertive to describe someone who is self-confident enough to make bold statements and forceful actions. The word can also be applied to nonhuman things, like policies and strategies.
WORD FAMILY
assertive: assertively, assertiveness, nonassertive, self-assertive, unassertive+/ assert: assertable, asserted, asserter, asserting, assertion, assertive, asserts, reassert /asserted: assertedly/asserter: asserters/asserting: assertingly, self-asserting/ assertion: assertions, self-assertion /assertiveness: self-assertiveness/ reassert: reasserted, reasserting, reassertion, reasserts/reassertion: reassertions/unassertive: unassertively, unassertiveness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Aberdeen prospered by being assertive and more certain in their attacking play.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Wall grew more assertive offensively after he learned that Beal would not be returning from his injury.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Assertive government regulators and recalcitrant target companies helped quash those merger dreams.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 观点明确的; 坚决主张的
分布：自信的(89%)，断定的(11%)
断言的;确定的(assert+ive)[sert=join,insert表示"加入,插入"]
US [-'sɝ:.tˌɪv] adjective
 ADVANCED
■describes someone who behaves confidently and is not frightened to say what they want or believe 坚定自信的；果敢的
• If you really want the promotion, you'll have to be more assertive. 如果你真的希望晋升，就必须更加坚定自信地说出来。
adj. 肯定的；独断的；坚定而自信的
 - positive, centain

Word: leaf
Front: leaf
[li:f] (中高研四六 1559/1823 -K3)
Vocabulary: leaf
(once / 50 pages)
1nv 2nv 3n
A leaf is part of a plant that's usually green and attached to it by a stem or stalk. In the fall, the leaves of many trees turn various bright colors before falling to the ground. In the spring, trees grow new leaves. Ahhh, the circle of life.
A plant's leaves are the organs that take part in photosynthesis, which brings it needed nutrients. From this botanical meaning comes another definition of leaf, "a sheet of printed paper or a page in a book." And when you leaf through a book, you turn its pages. You might also "tremble like a leaf," or shake with fear; or "turn over a new leaf," start a new part of your life with new resolutions or attitudes.
WORD FAMILY
leaf: interleaf, leaf-like, leafage, leafed, leafing, leafless, leaflet, leaflike, leafs, leafy, leaves, overleaf+/interleaf: interleaves/leafing: leafings/leafless: leaflessly/ leaflet: leaflets/leafy: leafier, leafiest
USAGE EXAMPLES
Shumlin wants to appoint a successor before he leaves office Thursday, but Republicans sued.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
Kaaya leaves Miami as the school’s career record-holder in yards, completions and attempts.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Victory in a bitty game, 48 hours after their last, leaves them in sixth place, but playing here with a sense of strength in reserve.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 叶子; 页; 叶状的结构; 金属薄片
vt. & vi. 翻书（报）
vi. 生叶
时态：leafed, leafing, leafs
分布：叶(89%)，页(7%)，长叶(2%)，金属薄片(1%)，翻页(1%)
→来自leup,剥开，撕下，词源同library,lodge.引申词义撕下的叶子，用以书写的页片。可能进一步来自skel,切，撕，词源同shell,scale.词义演变比较corium,carnal.
n.叶子;(书刊的)一页,一张;金属薄片The lean man leans on the clean bean plant to read a leaf leaflet.瘦人斜靠在干净的豆科植物上读叶片传单.
noun countable (plural leaves)
PLANT 植物
 ESSENTIAL
■one of the flat, usually green parts of a plant which are joined at one end to the stem or branch 叶，叶片，叶子，树叶
• a palm leaf 棕榈树叶
• autumn leaves 秋叶
• He was sweeping up leaves in his garden. 他在自己的花园里扫树叶。
be in leaf/come into leaf
■When a plant is in leaf or when it comes into leaf, it has or gets leaves on it （植物）长出叶子
• The trees are in leaf early this year. 今年树木的叶子长得早。
• The bushes are just coming into leaf. 灌木刚刚长出叶子。
[li:f] noun countable (plural leaves)
PAPER 纸
■a thin sheet of paper （纸张的）页，片，张
[li:f] noun countable (plural leaves)
TABLE 桌子
■an extra part of a table that can be folded away when not being used 活动桌板，折叠桌板
[li:f] noun countable (plural leaves)
take a leaf out of sb's book
■to copy something that someone else does because it will bring you advantages 效仿（某人）；以（某人）为榜样
• Maybe I should take a leaf out of Rick's book and start coming in at ten every morning. 也许我该学学里克的样子，每天早上十点钟来。
[li:f] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  leaf through sth
■to quickly turn the pages of a book or a magazine, reading only a little of it 浏览，粗看，略读
• The waiting room was full of people leafing through magazines. 等候室里到处都是人，都在翻看杂志。
n. 叶子；（书籍等的）一张；扇页
 - foliage
vi. 生叶；翻书页
 - page

Word: encompass
Front: encompass
[ɪnˈkʌmpəs] (托宝 5635/6021 -1)
Vocabulary: encompass
(once / 1518 pages)
v
Encompass means to contain. When you see the word, picture a campus which encompasses lecture halls, a football field, a medical center, a dining hall and some parking lots.
Encompass can be used when talking about anything that contains something else. A lecture on Edward Hopper might encompass all aspects of his life and art, a work of art could encompass many techniques, and a policeman's jurisdiction may encompass an entire state. The continental U.S. encompasses 48 states. This entry encompasses many examples of the word encompass in use!
WORD FAMILY
encompass: encompassed, encompasses, encompassing, encompassment+/ compass: compassed, compasses, compassing, encompass / encompassing: encompassingly/encompassment: encompassments
USAGE EXAMPLES
The North Texas Regional Veterans Court, which encompasses those two counties plus the more rural Grayson, Fannin and Kaufman counties, was dedicated in October.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
This extremely broad standard may encompass all manner of company operations.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
While the Assad regime holds large territory encompassing major population centers of western Syria, there is no contiguity between that territory and Iraq.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 围绕，包围; 包含或包括某事物; 完成
时态：encompassed, encompassing, encompasses
分布：包括(59%)，包围(18%)，围绕(16%)，完成(7%)
→en-, 进入，使。compass, 范围，界限。
包围,围绕(en+compass包围)[em-,en-①表示"进入…之中,包围"②表示"使…进入状态"]
包围,环绕(en进入+compass范围→进入范围→包围)[pass=passthrough表示"通过"]
【记】compass（n 罗盘v 包围）
【反】exclude（vt 拒绝接纳；排斥）
[ɪn'kʌm.pəs] formal
verb transitive
■to include, especially different types of things 包含，包括（尤指很多不同事物）
• The festival is to encompass everything from music, theatre and ballet to literature, cinema and the visual arts. 本届文化节将涵盖从音乐、戏剧、芭蕾到文学、电影、视觉艺术等各种艺术形式。
vt. 包含；包围，环绕；完成
 - involve, contain, carry out, accomplish, achieve

Word: dependency
Front: dependency
[dɪˈpendənsi] (7839/6214 -1)
Vocabulary: dependency
(once / 1851 pages)
n
Dependency happens when you can't function without the help of someone or something. If you have a dependency on coffee, you need it to be human in the morning. Not sure? Ask the people you live with.
A dependency on the help or support of another person isn't necessarily negative, but other kinds of dependency — on something habit-forming or addictive, like cigarettes — can be harmful. You can also use this noun to mean "a country, province, or territory controlled by a bigger, more powerful country." Guam and Puerto Rico, which don't have complete independence from the US, can be called dependencies.
WORD FAMILY
dependency: dependencies+/ depend: dependable, dependant, depended, dependent, depending, depends, interdepend/ dependable: dependability, dependableness, dependably, undependable/ dependant: dependants/ dependence: dependences/ dependent: dependence, dependency, dependently, dependents, independent / independence: independences/independency: independencies/ independent: independence, independency, independently, independents/interdepend: interdependent / interdependence: interdependences/interdependency: interdependencies/ interdependent: interdependence, interdependency, interdependently/undependable: undependability, undependableness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Government dependency, he believes, is the first step toward tyranny.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The underpinnings are invisible to outsiders, who aren’t privy to the jealousy and passion and dependency and repressed desire that often hold sway.
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
On the far side of so many milestones of independence—travel, graduate program, job, apartment—I am relearning dependency.
The New Yorker(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 属国，属地; 从属，从属物
分布：依赖(97%)，属国(2%)，从属物(1%)
noun countable
■a country which is supported and governed by another country 附属国；附属地
n. 属国； [数] 从属；从属物
 - hypotaxis, subordination

Word: reunification
Front: reunification
[ˌri:ˌju:nɪfɪ'keɪʃn] (11561/13202 -1)
Vocabulary: reunification
(once / 11668 pages)
n
Coming back together again after being separated or in conflict is called reunification. This noun is usually used to describe relations between countries, states, or territories.
It's not uncommon that two countries will be allied and then find themselves clashing or even going to war against each other. If they eventually join forces again, it's an example of reunification. In recent history, the merging of East and West Germany back into one single country, in 1990, can be called reunification. Reunification, from the verb unify, comes from the Late Latin unificare, "make one."
WORD FAMILY
reunify: reunification, reunified, reunifies, reunifying+/ disunion: disunions/ reunion: reunify, reunions/ union: disunion, nonunion, reunion, unionise, unionism, unionize, unions/unionise: unionisation, unionised/unionised: nonunionised/unionism: unionist/unionist: unionists/unionize: unionization, unionized, unionizing/unionized: nonunionized
USAGE EXAMPLES
He cited a state law that calls for courts to seek family reunification whenever possible.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
He joined the Bundesbank executive board in 1990 and ran it during a critical period following German reunification.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
The 1965 immigration act sought to build in preferences for skilled foreign laborers, but the system overwhelmingly favors family reunification.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 重新统一; 重新团结
分布：重新统一(100%)
noun uncountable
■when a country that was temporarily divided into smaller countries is joined together again as one country 重新统一
• the reunification of Germany 德国的重新统一

Word: sibling
Front: sibling
[ˈsɪblɪŋ] (宝 4337/8962 -1)
Vocabulary: sibling
(once / 3790 pages)
n
A sibling is your brother or sister. It's that simple.
The word sibling once meant anyone who is related to you, but now it's reserved for children of the same parent or parents. It is a word that was once out of use but then brought back into English in the early 1900s as a useful word in anthropology. If you and your brother fight all of the time, your parents might call it sibling rivalry. You might just call him annoying and run from the room.
WORD FAMILY
sibling: siblings
USAGE EXAMPLES
“This allows us to screen genetically similar siblings on a very large scale.”
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Our parents and siblings and friends and schoolmates will die.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
In the past, the presidents’ siblings and sons, while holding no official titles, often wielded enormous power as “junior presidents.”
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 兄弟，姐妹; [生]同科，同属; [人]氏族成员
分布：兄弟姐妹(100%)
→来 自 古 英 语 sibling, 亲 戚 ， 亲 属 ， 来 自 sibb, 亲 戚 ， 亲 属 ， -ling, 小 词 后 缀 ， 来 自 Proto-Germanic*sibja,血缘关系，同血脉，来自 swe,自己的，词源同 self,sister,swain.该词 原指有血缘联系的相对疏远的亲戚或亲属，后词义强化为有亲密血缘联系的兄弟或姐妹。
【记】sib（n 亲属），ling小－兄弟姐妹
【参】duckling（n 小鸭子）
formal
noun countable
■a brother or sister 兄；弟；姐；妹
• I have four siblings: three brothers and a sister. 我有四个兄弟姐妹：三个兄弟，一个姐姐。
• There was great sibling rivalry (= competition) between Peter and his brother. 彼得和他的弟弟之间斗争得很厉害。
n. 兄弟姊妹；民族成员
 - sibship

Word: parasite
Front: parasite
[ˈpærəsaɪt] (研托雅宝 8481/7277 -1)
Vocabulary: parasite
(once / 1084 pages)
n
A creature that lives off another organism is a parasite. The parasite might not hurt the host, but it doesn't do anything to help it, either.
If you call someone a parasite, you are really hurling an insult! The Ancient Greeks used the word parasitos to describe someone who ate at your table but never invited you back. Some telling synonyms include leech," toady, sponge, and hanger-on." Nice, huh? Some crafty birds, such as the cowbird or cuckoo, are called social parasites, laying their eggs in other birds' nests and expecting those mamas to raise their young for them. Unfortunately, there are some people like that, too.
WORD FAMILY
parasite: parasites, parasitic, parasitical, parasitism, semiparasite+/ parasitic: nonparasitic, parasitically, semiparasitic/ parasitism: parasitisms
USAGE EXAMPLES
According to Almond, “The queasy irony here is that Stewart and Colbert are parasites of the dysfunction they mock.”
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
"Every year we lose enough food to feed hundreds of millions of people to pathogens and parasites," he says.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Hairworms are gruesome parasites that grow up to 30 centimeters long inside the bodies of their hosts.
Science Magazine(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 寄生物，寄生虫; 食客; 寄生植物; 天线反射器
分布：寄生虫(89%)，寄生生物(7%)，食客(4%)
→来自希腊语parasitos,坐在别人旁边吃饭的，吃剩饭的，来自para-,在旁，在周围，sitos,食物，词源同sitophobia.引申词义寄生虫。
寄生虫,食客(pata旁边+site坐...坐在旁边吃白饭的人物)[-ite 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人或物"3.表动词"促成"]
n.寄生虫,食客Having checked the parameters of the apparatus, the paralysed parasite went to the paradise by parachute.检查过仪器的参数后,瘫痪的寄生虫乘降落伞到天堂去了.
【记】para旁边，site坐－坐在旁边的人－食客寄生虫
US ['per-] noun countable
■an animal or plant that lives on or in another animal or plant of a different type and feeds from it 寄生生物；寄生动物；寄生植物
• The older drugs didn't deal effectively with the malaria parasite. 以前的药物不能有效对付引起疟疾的寄生虫。
■disapproving
■a person who is lazy and lives by other people working, giving them money, etc 靠他人为生者，寄生虫
• Financial speculators are parasites upon the national economy. 金融投机者是国民经济的寄生虫。
n. [生物] [基医] 寄生虫；食客
 - helminth, vermin

Word: contaminate
Front: contaminate
[kənˈtæmɪneɪt] (研六托雅宝 7402/8537 -2)
Vocabulary: contaminate
(once / 1218 pages)
v
The verb contaminate means the same as pollute. Whether it’s food, air, or water, when you contaminate something, you make it impure or hazardous.
Contaminate comes from the Latin word contaminat-, meaning “made impure.” You can use the word to indicate that a hazardous substance has been introduced into something else, such as food that is contaminated with mold. It can also be used figuratively to describe the spoiling of a good thing, like one person's habit of gossiping that can contaminate a conversation among friends.
WORD FAMILY
contaminate: contaminated, contaminates, contaminating, contamination, decontaminate+/ contaminated: uncontaminated/contaminating: uncontaminating/ contamination: contaminations/decontaminate: decontaminated, decontaminating, decontamination
USAGE EXAMPLES
In one study, researchers found that more than three-fourths of colonoscopes and gastroscopes were still contaminated after cleaning and disinfection in accordance with manufacturer guidelines.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
A police officer said dozens were hospitalized in the eastern Punjab province after they consumed contaminated alcohol.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
The plan includes excavation of contaminated soils and sediments, capping and long-term monitoring.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. 弄脏，污染; 损害，毒害
vi. 玷污，毒害，腐蚀（人的思想或品德）
adj. 〈古〉污染的
时态：contaminated, contaminating, contaminates
分布：污染(89%)，弄脏(11%)
→con-, 强调。-tam, 接触，来自-tag变体，词源同tactile, tangible。即被接触过的，被污染的。
弄脏,污染[contamin=pollute(污染)]
v.弄污,弄脏,毒害,传染,染污The contaminated vital vitamin made racial discrimination come to culmination.被污染的重要维他命使种族歧视达到极点.
【记】con共同，tamin拼：他们，ate吃：他们共同用一份餐具吃饭－污染自己；吃完了还乱扔－污染环境。
【反】purify（v 净化）；sterilize＝disinfect（vt 消毒）；untainted（adj 无污点的）－contaminated
verb transitive
■to make something less pure or make it poisonous 污染；弄脏；毒害
• Much of the coast has been contaminated by nuclear waste. 大部分海岸已受到核废料污染。
• The food which had been contaminated was destroyed. 受污染的食物已被销毁了。
vt. 污染，弄脏
 - soil, mud, spot, dirty, poison

Word: wax
Front: wax
[wæks] (高研四六托雅宝 7228/7744 -2)
Vocabulary: wax
(once / 312 pages)
1nv 2v
The verb wax is most often found in the company of its opposite, "wane." To wax is to grow larger or increase, whereas wane means to grow smaller or decrease.
As the moon grows towards fullness, it waxes. It wanes, or diminishes in size, as the new moon approaches. This is the most common context for the verb wax, but it is also used to describe other phenomena that grow or increase, particularly those that are cyclical. Figuratively, if you wax eloquent, lyrical or poetic about something, you talk about it at great length and with growing enthusiasm. The noun wax refers to chemical compounds that can be shaped and molded, for example into candles, when warm.
WORD FAMILY
wax: waxed, waxen, waxes, waxing, waxlike, waxy+/waxed: unwaxed/waxing: waxings/waxy: waxier, waxiest, waxily, waxiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Or he might announce the simple act of opening a letter as “Wax! render up thy trust.”
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
A few years later, at the start of the '90s, they began offering their - as yet unnamed - extreme bikini wax.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
He’s not the fastest - Miller doesn’t even wax his skis.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 蜡，蜡状物; 耳垢，耳屎; （鞋匠用的）擦线蜡; 增大
vt. 给…打蜡，给…上蜡; 渐渐变大; 变为; （月亮）渐圆，渐盈
vi. 给…上蜡，给…涂蜡; 把…灌制唱片; 用热蜡除去毛发
adj. 蜡制的，似蜡的
时态：waxed, waxing, waxes
分布：蜡(96%)，蜂蜡(3%)，变圆(1%)
→来自wokso,蜡。wax 渐强
n.蜡,蜂蜡v.打蜡Axe the tax on taxis. Wax may relax the body.削减出租车的税费.蜂蜡可以使身体放松.
【反】flag（v 衰弱）；decrease（v 减少）；waste away（减弱）；wane（v 衰落；n 月亏）
noun uncountable
■a solid substance containing a lot of fat that softens and melts when warm 蜡
• She watched the wax as it dripped down the side of the candle. 她注视着蜡从蜡烛边缘滴落下来。
⇒ See also beeswax
■the soft yellowish substance inside your ears 耳屎，耳垢
[wæks] verb
SUBSTANCE 物质
transitive
■to put a thin layer of wax on the surface of something, either to make it waterproof or to improve its appearance 给…上（或打）蜡
• I've waxed the floor so I'm afraid it's a bit slippery. 我刚给地板打了蜡，所以恐怕会有点滑。
[wæks] verb
MOON 月亮
intransitive formal
■When the moon waxes, it gradually appears larger and rounder each day. （月亮）渐圆，渐满
[wæks] verb
SPEAK 说／写
wax lyrical/eloquent, etc. old use or formal
■to speak or write in the stated way 热情洋溢／滔滔不绝地说（或写）等
• My mother, a Spaniard, always used to wax lyrical about the lemon trees in the family garden. 我母亲是西班牙人，过去总是会深情地谈起她家中花园里的那些柠檬树。
[wæks] verb
wax and wane
■to grow stronger and then weaker again 兴衰荣枯；盛衰
• His commitment to democracy and free markets has waxed and waned with his political fortunes. 他对民主和自由市场的热情随着他自己政治命运的起伏而时强时弱。
vi. 月亮渐满；增大
 - increase, make
adj. [轻] 蜡制的；似蜡的
 - waxen

Word: customise

Word: prickly
Front: prickly
[ˈprɪkli] (12304/15437 -1)
Vocabulary: prickly
(once / 2574 pages)
adj
Prickly things are sharp and spiky, while prickly people are quick to be offended or irritated. Ouch!
A prickly tag in the collar of your new shirt can make you uncomfortable all day, and so can a prickly co-worker whose feelings seem to get hurt by everything you say. Porcupines and cactuses are prickly, and so is the next-door neighbor who is constantly irritated with you. The first thing that was described as prickly, in the 1570s, was a holly leaf.
WORD FAMILY
prickly: pricklier, prickliest, prickliness+/prickle: prickled, prickles, prickling, prickly /prickling: pricklings
USAGE EXAMPLES
But it was their palpably upbeat — and sometimes prickly — chemistry that became their trademark.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Imagine a version of “Groundhog Day” with Bill Murray’s prickly frustration replaced by Driver’s soulful reserve, and you’re halfway there.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
That’s just the starting point for 90 minutes of virtuosic puzzle-solving, prickly friendship and the spectacular return of ghosts from one character’s past.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 多刺的; 刺痛的; 麻烦的，棘手的; 易动怒的
级别：pricklier, prickliest
分布：多刺的(58%)，棘手的(33%)，易生气的(9%)
【记】源于：prick（v 刺），ly－多刺的－多刺的人是使人生气的，易怒的
adjective
■covered with prickles 多刺的；刺痛的；痒的
• Chestnuts had burst out of their prickly green husks. 栗子从长满刺的绿色外壳中胀破出来。
• I find this sweater a bit prickly (= it makes the skin sore). 我感觉这件毛衣有点刺痒。
■informal
■unfriendly and slightly rude 易动怒的，易生气的
• She was asked a couple of questions about her private life and got a bit prickly. 有人问了她几个私生活方面的问题，她有些生气了。
adj. 多刺的；刺痛的；易动怒的
 - raw, thorny

Word: tsar
Front: tsar
[zɑ:(r)] (24138/8347 -1)
Back: n. 俄国沙皇; 专制独裁者; “czar”的变体
分布：=czar(100%)
→来自俄罗斯语 czar,来自拉丁语 Caesar,凯撒。俄罗斯语借用该拉丁语词用做皇帝称号。
US [zɑ:r] noun countable
RULER 统治者
■(until 1917) the male Russian ruler （1917年以前俄国的）沙皇
• Tsar Nicholas I 沙皇尼古拉一世
(also tzar) (ALSO US usually czar) UK [zɑ:r] US [zɑ:r] noun countable
OFFICIAL 官员
■a person who has been given special powers by the government to deal with a particular matter 特派官员
• The government has appointed a drugs tsar to co-ordinate the fight against drug abuse. 政府任命了一位缉毒特派员来协调禁毒战。
(also tzar) (ALSO US usually czar) UK [zɑ:r] US [zɑ:r] noun countable
LEADER 领导人
■a powerful person in business or politics （商界或政界的）要人
• a group of publishing tsars 一群出版界要人
n. 沙皇（大权独揽的人物）
 - czar, tzar

Word: aggravate
Front: aggravate
[ˈægrəveɪt] (研六托雅宝 9820/9460 -1)
Vocabulary: aggravate
(once / 813 pages)
1v 2v
People who chew with their mouths open often aggravate the people near them, meaning that they exasperate their neighbors.
One trick for remembering the meaning of aggravate is to recall that it rhymes with one of its synonyms, irritate. When you irritate, you aggravate. Younger brothers often aggravate their older brothers, because they find it entertaining to get a reaction out of them. Aggravate is also used is to mean "make worse." For example, if you have an old knee injury, it's probably best not to climb Mount Everest, because you might aggravate the injury. If your house is in foreclosure, calling your banker an ugly name is likely only to aggravate the situation. Try a little sweet talk instead!
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
aggravate / irritate
Aggravate means to make something worse, and irritate is to annoy. But if you use aggravate to mean "annoy," no one will notice. That battle has been lost in all but the most formal writing.
To aggravate is to make something go from bad to worse. Yet aggravate was first listed as meaning, "exasperate, annoy" in A Dictionarie of the French and English Tongues by Randal Cotgrave in 1611. But it's not exactly the same as irritate, darn it, and the sentences below get it right. In the news, aggravated often goes with battery, which is worse than simple battery (beating someone up), and carries a tougher punishment:
Knight was arrested for aggravated battery and resisting a police officer. (Chicago Tribune)
Tapia, 27, was charged after the confrontation with several counts of aggravated battery on a police officer and resisting arrest. (Reuters)
Regardless of pH levels, high-fat meats, dairy products, caffeine, chocolate, carbonated beverages, fried foods, alcohol and mints are known to aggravate reflux symptoms. (New York Times)
Irritate means to annoy someone. If you try to use irritate in the sentences above, it doesn't work as well. Irritate also means to inflame a part of the body, and in that sense, aggravate won't do:
Bedbugs don't spread disease, but they can irritate skin. (WebMD)
Gold chains are also very irritating to the neck and arms of an infant. (Eliza Leslie)
Despite four hundred years of English speakers using aggravate to mean annoy or irritate, there is a shade of difference. If you make something worse, you aggravate the situation. A bedbug will irritate your skin. If you're determined to annoy, use either.
WORD FAMILY
aggravate: aggravated, aggravates, aggravating, aggravation, aggravator+/ aggravated: aggravatedly/aggravating: aggravatingest, aggravatingly/ aggravation: aggravations
USAGE EXAMPLES
He caught a pass near the sideline, but seemed to aggravate his knee injury, and hobbled off the field.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
The evidence showed ordinary negligence, a prosecutor’s letter said, but not “an aggravated kind of negligence or carelessness” required to file felony charges.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
He faces a charge of aggravated child abuse.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: vt. 加重，使恶化; 使恼火; 激怒
时态：aggravated, aggravating, aggravates
分布：恶化(71%)，严重(29%)
→前缀ag-同ad-, 向，往。词根grav, 重，见gravity, 重力。
恶化(ag+grav重+ate病加重)[ab-,ac-,ad-,af-,ag-,an-,ap-,ar-,as-,at-等加在同辅音字母的词根前,表示"一再"等加强意]
加重,恶化(ag加+grav+ate→加重)[grav,griev=heavy,表示"重"]
vt.加重(剧),使恶化;激怒,使恼火Grief aggravated his illness.痛苦加重了他的病情.
【记】ag作，grav重，ate动词后缀－使加重
【参】gravity（n 庄重；地球引力）；gravitation（n 引力作用）
【反】succor（vt 援助）；ameliorate（v 改进）；alleviate（vt 减轻）；console（vt 安慰）；allay（vt 减轻；减少）
verb transitive
MAKE WORSE 使更糟
■to make a bad situation worse 使（局势等）更严重，加剧
• Attempts to restrict parking in the city centre have further aggravated the problem of traffic congestion. 在市中心限制停车的试验方案使交通挤塞的问题更加严重。
■to make a disease worse 使（病情）恶化，加重
• The treatment only aggravated the condition. 这种疗法反而使病情恶化。
['æg.rə.veɪt] verb transitive
ANNOY 使生气 informal
■to annoy someone 激怒，使恼火
• Stop aggravating me, will you! 别再气我了，好不好！
provoke, aggravate, irritate
这组词都有“激怒”的意思，其区别是：
provoke: 指激起某人强烈的愤怒，以致令人作出反应。
aggravate: 口语用词。指因长时间的反复言行而引起不快、烦躁或恼怒。
irritate: 通常指因受到不愉快的刺激而失去耐性，变得烦燥或恼怒。
increase, reinforce, intensify, strengthen, aggravate
这组词都有“加强”的意思，其区别是：
increase: v.指数量上的增加。
 • The number of people has been increased.   人数增加了。
reinforce: v.增援，一般用于军队或警察的行动；(以添加材料等)加固。
 • A police officer saw three thieves robbing a bank and radioed to reinforce him.   一位警察看到三个盗贼抢劫银行，用无线电话要求增援。
intensify: v.使变得更强烈、剧烈，加剧，相当于to become more intense or intensive。
 • intensify colors   加深色彩intensify hatred加深仇恨
strengthen: v.加强，巩固，增强，相当于to become stronger。
 • Exercising every day strengthens the heart.   每天锻炼可以提高心脏的功能。
 • Competition, they believe, strengthens the national character rather than corrupt it.   人们认为竞争加强了民族性而不是破坏了它。
aggravate: v.加重(负担、罪行、病情等)，使之恶化。
 • I hurt my foot, then aggravated it by trying to walk too soon.   我的脚受伤了，而过早的下地走路又加重了伤情。
enhance, raise, heighten, intensify, aggravate
enhance: 提高，增强：靠增添某种能增强物质的价值、魅力或声望的东西以指某物超出常规水平或通常的喜人程度或吸引力
raise: 提高，增强，养育，种植，饲养
heighten: 提高到超出平常、陈腐或平庸之辈的承程度，并在尖锐和深刻方面有所增强，表示常规合习惯，现状的升级，侧重加强加深加重
intensify: 一物的加深加强强化到很显著、罕见的深度式强度，尤其是在其特性方面
aggravate: 明显加强了那已是令人不快、困难重重的环境，条件的严重性，说明严重性的增加，要求给与注意
vt. 加重；使恶化；激怒
 - anger, complicate

Word: rider
Front: rider
[ˈraɪdə(r)] (四六宝 3824/3987 -K3)
Vocabulary: rider
(once / 255 pages)
1n 2n
Riders are people who are in motion — riding bicycles, subways, horses, roller coasters and much more. Another kind of rider is a special list that attaches to, or "rides along" with, a contract.
The noun rider means "one who rides," but its other meaning is "a document that is added to legal or official documents." On Capitol Hill, lawmakers add riders to legislation documents to try to get certain stipulations to be part of new laws. You may have heard of touring musicians who demand that certain rare flowers be placed in their hotel rooms, which must have Italian linen sheets on the bed, and be exactly 71 degrees. It's all in the rider of the tour contract.
WORD FAMILY
rider: riders+/ override: overridden, overrides, overriding, overrode/overriding: overridingly/ ride: override, ridden, rider, rides, riding, rode/riding: ridings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Wiggins, 36, was named on Thursday as part of the eight rider men's track endurance team in British Cycling's Olympic Podium Programme squad.
Reuters(Dec 01, 2016)
It’s not quite “SafeCar,” but Wiedefeld said the changes could have dramatic effect on the day-to-day experiences of Metro riders.
Washington Post(Nov 30, 2016)
This has set off a vicious cycle of lower revenues leading to service cuts and higher fares that drive more riders away.
Reuters(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 骑手，骑马的人，善于骑马的人，骑师; （精密天平上的）游（动砝）码; 附文，附加条附加条款款; 扶手
分布：骑士(76%)，扶手(13%)，附件(11%)
【记】ride骑，r：骑在法案上的东西－附加条款
【参】ridge（n 背脊；山脊）
US [-dɚ] noun countable
ON HORSE/BICYCLE 车或马上
 IMPROVER
■a person who travels along on a horse or bicycle 骑马者，骑师；骑车者
• One of the riders was thrown off his horse. 其中一位骑师被甩下马背。
UK ['raɪ.dər] US [-dɚ] noun countable
EXTRA STATEMENT 附加条文 formal
■a statement that is added to what has already been said or decided, or an addition to a government bill (= a written plan for a law) 附加意见；附文；议案的附加条款
• I should like to add a rider to the judgment of the court. 我要在法庭判决上附加一条意见。
n. 骑手；附文；扶手
 - rail, caballero

Word: remotely
Front: remotely
[rɪˈməʊtli] (9613/9579 -1)
Back: adv. 遥远地; 偏僻地; 冷淡地; 极小地
分布：远程地(50%)，远离地(25%)，轻微地(25%)
US [-'moʊt-] adverb
DISTANT 遥远地
■in a remote place 边远地；偏僻地
• a remotely situated farmhouse 地处偏僻的农舍
UK [rɪ'məʊt.li] US [-'moʊt-] adverb
SLIGHTLY 绝少地
■in a remote or very slight way 微弱地；细微地；程度很低地
• I'm afraid we're not remotely interested in your proposal. 很抱歉，我们对你的建议丝毫不感兴趣。
adv. 遥远地；偏僻地
 - far, afar

Word: clergy
Front: clergy
[ˈklɜ:dʒi] (研托 6499/4651 -1)
Vocabulary: clergy
(once / 341 pages)
n
In the Christian church, the clergy is the entire class of religious officials, from priests to pastors to bishops and beyond. If you have a sense that your life path lies in helping others practice their faith, you should go into the clergy
Clergy comes from the word clerk, which in turn comes from cleric. If the only clerks you think of are those that work in shoe stores, think of it this way: when you join the ministry of a church, the idea is that you serve the church. Clergy is the word for all of the clerics combined, and is paired with the laity, which are all the people in the church who aren't in the clergy.
WORD FAMILY
clergy: clergies
USAGE EXAMPLES
As a clergy person I’m inclined to see more than just team loyalty.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The clergy’s stance, however, hasn’t stopped Muslims across the country from joining the throngs of Americans shopping, decorating and cooking this season.
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Dozens of interviews with clergy and faithful show both sides wish for a positive outcome to the current talks.
Reuters(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. （尤指基督教堂内的）牧师，教士; 〈废〉学问
分布：神职人员(100%)
→来自kel,切，劈，词源同clone,gladiator.本义为切成细条的小木板，用于抽签决定命运， 后比喻上帝选中的人，上帝分配的人，以为神职人员蒙上神圣色彩。
n.[总称]牧师,神职人员He is a clergy.他是个传教士.
US ['klɝ:-] plural noun
■priests, especially in the Christian Church （尤指基督教的）神职人员，圣职人员
• We were surprised when he announced he wanted to join the clergy (= become a priest). 他宣布自己想成为一名牧师时，我们大吃一惊。
n. 神职人员；牧师；僧侣
 - minister, priest

Word: bake
Front: bake
[beɪk] (高研四雅 2810/6122 -K3)
Vocabulary: bake
(once / 147 pages)
v
To bake something is to cook it in a hot oven. When you bake a batch of blueberry muffins, your whole house smells delicious.
Whether you bake some cookies for dessert, a casserole to take to a potluck supper, or bake a clay pot in a kiln, you cook with a relatively slow, dry heat. You can also use the word bake figuratively: "Are you going to move into the shade, or are you just going to bake in the sun all day?" The Old English word was bacan, from a Germanic root.
WORD FAMILY
bake: baked, baker, bakery, bakes, baking+/ baker: bakers/ bakery: bakeries/baking: bakings
USAGE EXAMPLES
I ain’t spending 1 January dealing with baking sheet detritus.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Place the skillet in the oven and bake until the yolks are just set, about 8 minutes.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
And, beyond Bake Off, a key TV theme of the year was the free movement of programmes and talent.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 烤，烘焙; （将某物）烤硬; （变得）灼热，炎热
vi. 烤，烘; 烘干
n. 烤，烘焙; 烘烤食品; <美>烧烤会餐
时态：baked, baking, bakes
分布：烤(80%)，烘焙(16%)，烘干(4%)
→来自bhe, 暖，热，同bath.
v.烤,烘,焙;烧硬,焙干The wakened cake baker awakes to that he has to brake by the lake.被唤醒的蛋糕师傅醒悟到他必须在湖边刹车.
verb
 ADVANCED intransitive or transitive
■to cook inside a cooker, without using added liquid or fat 烘，烤
• I made the icing while the cake was baking. 趁烤面包的时候我做好了糖霜。
• a baked potato 焗薯
• freshly baked bread 刚烘好的面包
• Bake at 180°C for about 20 minutes. 以摄氏180度烘烤20分钟。
• Bake for 5-7 minutes in a preheated oven. 在预热过的烤箱中烤五至七分钟。
• a baking dish/tin/tray 烤盘
intransitive or transitive
■to make something such as earth or clay hard by heating it, usually in order to make bricks 窑烧
intransitive informal
■to be or become very hot 感到很热
• It's baking outside. 外面热得跟蒸笼似的。
• You'll bake in that fleece jacket! 穿那件羊毛夹克会很热的！
bake, toast, roast
这组词都有“烘，烤”的意思，其区别是：
bake: 指在烤炉里，烘烤，不与火直接接触，用持续的干热，缓慢地烘烤任何食物。
toast: 侧重通过烘烤使烘烤之物变成褐色，尤指烘面包、熏肉等。
roast: 一般指在火上烤大块的肉或整只牲畜或家禽。
vt. 烤，烘焙
 - to roast, torrefy
n. 烤；烘烤食品
 - spitchcock

Word: bogus
Front: bogus
[ˈbəʊgəs] (宝 11232/11523 -1)
Vocabulary: bogus
(once / 4444 pages)
adj
Bogus means fake. A bogus dollar bill is counterfeit, a bogus Picasso was not painted by him, and a bogus attempt at reconciliation would come from someone who never intended to end a fight.
Perhaps appropriately, the word bogus originated in the US. Coined as a name for a machine that printed counterfeit money, it later became a trademark term among California surfers. In surfer speak, "totally bogus, dude" would describe any unfortunate situation.
WORD FAMILY
bogus: bogusly
USAGE EXAMPLES
They include fake IRS calls, bogus sweepstakes, phony grandchild in distress calls and romance scams.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Bill Clinton speaks to the press in Albany, praises Hillary for persevering through "that bogus email deal."
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
But the walking test is a bogus measure.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 假冒的，伪造的; 佯作
分布：假的(69%)，伪造的(31%)
→词源不确定。通常认为来自bogey, 鬼怪，形容其突然出现。
【记】1）bog（v 使陷入沼泽），us我们。假币就会使我国陷入经济的沼泽。2）来自一种叫"Bogus"的机器，用来造伪钞
【反】authentic（adj 真实的）
US ['boʊ-] adjective
■false, not real or not legal 假的；假冒的，伪造的；非法的
• On investigation, his claim was found to be bogus. 调查发现，他的说法并不属实。
• She produced some bogus documents to support her application. 她提供了一些伪造的证件作为申请所需附件。
adj. 假的；伪造的
 - false, spurious

Word: ballistic
Front: ballistic
[bəˈlɪstɪk] (9950/17201 -1)
Vocabulary: ballistic
(once / 7203 pages)
adj
The adjective ballistic describes the flight of an object through space. It usually applies to projectiles like bullets or rockets that are fired from weapons. If you’re in the path of a ballistic missile, get out of the way!
A ballistic missile is guided only when it’s first launched. After that its flight is subject to the law of gravity. The word comes from a Roman weapon called a ballista, which chucked rocks into the air, whose name comes from the Greek for "throw." If someone has “gone ballistic,” they're crazy with anger. When you go ballistic, you’re just like an unmanned missile: you fly into a fit of rage and lose control over your feelings or actions.
WORD FAMILY
ballistic: ballistically+/ballistics: ballistic
USAGE EXAMPLES
Security Council resolutions from developing ballistic missiles and testing nuclear devices.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
The Pentagon statement noted that “multiple UN Security Council resolutions explicitly prohibit North Korea’s launches using ballistic missile technology.”
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Last April, North Korea reported the successful ground test of an engine for an intercontinental ballistic missile.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 弹道学的; 发射学的; 飞行物体的
分布：弹道的(100%)
→来自词根ball, 扔，投。投出去的弹道线。
[bə'lɪs.tɪk] informal
adjective
go ballistic
■to become extremely angry 发怒，生气
• If your dad finds out you've been skipping school, he'll go ballistic. 如果你爸爸发现你一直在逃学，他会很生气的。
adj. [航] [军] 弹道的；射击的
 - gunshot

Word: greenback
Front: greenback
[ˈgri:nbæk] (25983/-)
Back: n. <美，非正>美钞
分布：美钞(100%)
['gri:n.bæk] US old-fashioned slang
noun countable
■a US dollar 美钞
n. 美钞；绿背动物
 - dead president

Word: complication
Front: complication
[ˌkɒmplɪˈkeɪʃn] (研六托雅 4995/4982 -2)
Back: n. [医]并发症; 错杂，纠纷; 混乱，精神错乱
分布：并发症(87%)，复杂(12%)，纠纷(1%)
混乱,复杂(complicate+ion)[plic,pli,ply=fold,表示"重叠,折叠"]
n.复杂,纠纷;并发症The complications of this machine make it difficult to handle.这部错综复杂的机器很难操作.
US [ˌkɑ:m-] noun
countable or uncountable
■something which makes a situation more difficult, or when it does this 使情况复杂化的事物；复杂化
• Dave couldn't find his passport at the airport and then there were further complications when Fiona lost her baggage. 戴夫在机场找不到护照了，后来事情越发麻烦，菲奥娜又把行李遗失了。
• If any complications arise , let me know and I'll help. 如果发生甚么麻烦事，告诉我一声，我会帮忙的。
countable
■an extra medical problem which makes it more difficult to treat an existing illness 并发症
• If there are no complications, the doctor says that she'll be able to come home within two weeks. 如果没有并发症的话，医生说她两周内就可以出院了。
complication, complexity
这组词都有“复杂”的意思，其区别是：
complication: 指纷乱复杂到令人难于理解的地步。
complexity: 着重指极度复杂而难于辨认的关系。
n. 并发症；复杂；复杂化；混乱
 - chaos, confusion, disorder, involvement, mix

Word: hype
Front: hype
[haɪp] (8395/12443 -2)
Vocabulary: hype
(once / 3859 pages)
nv
As a noun, hype means extravagant claims about a person or product. All the hype about a miraculous new kind of mop might influence you to buy one, but after trying it out you'll realize it's just a mop.
Experts speculate that the word hype may be a back formation of hyperbole, or it may come from hyper — old-fashioned slang for a person who swindled someone. As a verb, to hype something is to blatantly promote it. If you hype your favorite restaurant enough, your friends will finally try it. If they all hate it, though, they might never listen to you again!
WORD FAMILY
hype: hyped, hypes, hyping
USAGE EXAMPLES
At first I instantly thought it was marketing hype but slowly the story intrigued me and I began searching online.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
King, the flamboyant boxing promoter who hyped Mike Tyson’s 1980s fights, was also saluted by Trump as “a phenomenal person” despite a conviction for manslaughter.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Prefight hype is a combat sports tradition, the foundation of promotional pull.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 天花乱坠的广告宣传
vt. 大肆宣传; 夸张地宣传（某人或某事物）
分布：炒作(58%)，大肆宣传(35%)，刺激(5%)，吸毒成瘾的人(1%)，夸大的广告宣传(1%)
→俚语词，可能来自希腊语hyper,超过的，过度的，词源同super.
noun uncountable informal
■when something is advertised and discussed in newspapers, on television, etc. all the time in order to attract everyone's interest （新闻媒体的）大肆宣传，炒作
• media hype 媒体炒作
• There's been a lot of hype around/surrounding his latest film. 大规模的宣传都围绕着他的最新电影进行。
• I've been put off reading the book by all the hype. 所有的宣传炒作令我对这本书产生反感。
[haɪp] verb transitive often passive (also hype up)
■to repeatedly advertise and discuss something in newspapers, on television, etc. in order to attract everyone's interest （透过新闻媒体）大肆宣传，炒作
• It's being hyped as the musical event of the year. 它正被炒作成年度音乐盛事。
[haɪp] verb transitive often passive (also hype up)
  Phrasal Verbs  hype sb up
■to make someone feel very excited 使（某人）兴奋；使（某人）激动
• She took pills to keep her awake, to help her sleep, to calm her down and to hype her up. 无论她要保持清醒还是入眠，要平静下来还是兴奋，都得靠药物帮助。
n. 大肆宣传；皮下注射
 - subcutaneous injection, hypodermic injection
vt. 大肆宣传；使…兴奋
 - warm

Word: listener
Front: listener
[ˈlɪsənə(r)] (四 4560/5351 -2)
Back: n. 听众，倾听者，收听者; 〈俚〉耳朵
分布：听众(51%)，听者(49%)
UK [-nər] US ['lɪs.ən.ɚ] noun countable
■someone who listens 听者，倾听者
• We've received a lot of complaints about the changes from regular listeners to the programme. 我们收到了很多老听众对节目变更的意见。
UK ['lɪs.ən.ər] UK [-nər] US ['lɪs.ən.ɚ] noun countable
a good listener
■someone who gives you a lot of attention when you are talking about your problems or things that worry you, and tries to understand and support you 善于倾听者
n. 听众
 - audience

Word: pessimism
Front: pessimism
[ˈpesɪmɪzəm] (雅宝 12662/14456 -1)
Vocabulary: pessimism
(once / 1207 pages)
n
Pessimism means thinking the worst. It's the opposite of optimism, which means assuming the best. Most people feel that too much pessimism is paralyzing — who will ever try anything if they are always sure they will fail?
Pessimism comes in two flavors. With one, you feel that something bad will happen. You feel pessimistic about the geometry final. How will you pass it? Pessimism is also the tendency to expect the worst in everything. A pessimist in love is a person sure that there must be something wrong with the person to love them back. A pessimist on an airplane is sure the plane is missing some essential part that won't be noticed until it plummets from the sky. Can pessimism be fun? Not really ever.
WORD FAMILY
pessimism: pessimisms, pessimist, pessimistic +/ pessimist: pessimists/ pessimistic: pessimistically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Déon prided himself, he once said, on preserving “a certain anarchism of the right and a pessimism that strives for lucidity.”
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Pessimism and cynicism are, in fact, irrational responses to a year that brought real lows — but also much to be thankful about.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
This is why unwarranted pessimism about our future is actually irresponsible.
Slate(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 悲观; 悲观情绪; 悲观主义
分布：悲观(82%)，悲观主义(18%)
→来自拉丁语pessimus,最底部的，最坏的，来自ped,脚，词源同foot,biped.-im,最高级后词，词源同maximum,optimism.-ism,主义，思想。由脚引申词义底部，底下，后引申词义悲观，悲观主义。
【记】optimism（n 乐观主义）opt选择－能选择－乐观pessimism读：怕死mism－怕死主义－悲观主义
noun uncountable
■emphasizing or thinking of the bad part of a situation rather than the good part, or the feeling that bad things are more likely to happen than good things 悲观情绪；悲观主义
• There is now a mood of deepening pessimism about/over the economy. 对经济的悲观情绪越来越浓。
• An underlying pessimism infuses all her novels. 她所有的小说中都暗含着一种悲观主义情绪。
Opposite optimism
n. 悲观，悲观情绪；厌世主义
 - despondence

Word: infectious
Front: infectious
[ɪnˈfekʃəs] (研六托雅 7091/8627 -K1)
Vocabulary: infectious
(once / 1757 pages)
adj
Infectious means able to be spread by infection, like a disease that spreads from one person to another. You'll be uncomfortable shaking Uncle Marvin's hand if you're worried that warts are infectious.
Something that's infectious spreads easily, like infectious cold germs that might be left on a door handle — anyone who touches it might get sick. If your mother tells you the cut on your knee looks infectious, you'd better go to the doctor. Some infectious things are good — like infectious laughter that gets the whole class giggling, or your friend's infectious good mood that makes you forget your cares.
WORD FAMILY
infectious: infectiously, noninfectious+/ disinfect: disinfectant, disinfected, disinfecting, disinfection, disinfects/disinfectant: disinfectants/ infect: disinfect, infected, infecting, infection, infective, infects, superinfect/ infected: uninfected/ infection: infections, infectious, superinfection
USAGE EXAMPLES
A petite woman with an infectious enthusiasm, she spoke passionately about the lessons she was learning with Swades.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
This year’s holiday advertising campaign for the United States Postal Service featured a little girl’s stunningly infectious musical plea: “I Want a Hippopotamus for Christmas.”
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The band’s pockets become only more infectious in live settings.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 传染的; 有传染性的; 易传染的; 有感染力的
分布：传染的(55%)，有感染力的(45%)
传染性的(infect+ious)[fac,fact,fect,fic,fig=make,do,表示"做,制作"]
a.传染的,传染性的,有感染力的His affection for the defects is affected by the infectious perfect effect.他对缺点的钟爱受到具有感染力的完美效果的影响.
adjective
■able to pass a disease from one person, animal or plant to another 传染的，传染性的
• an infectious disease/patient 传染病／传染病病人
■describes something that has an effect on everyone who is present and makes them want to join in 有感染力的；有影响力的
• an infectious laugh 有感染力的笑声
• infectious enthusiasm 有感染力的热情
adj. [内科] 传染的；传染性的；易传染的
 - catching, epidemic

Word: volcano
Front: volcano
[vɒlˈkeɪnəʊ] (高研四六托雅 6321/10407 -2)
Vocabulary: volcano
(once / 374 pages)
n
When the earth's crust cracks open and spews hot lava and gases, you've got a volcano on your hands. You better run.
The noun volcano comes from the name of the Roman god of fire, Vulcan. The Romans believed Vulcan had a forge in Mt. Etna, a volcano in Italy. The term can be applied to a vent in a planet's surface or crust. Lava, ash, and gas escape through the vent. The term volcano can also apply to a mountain created by such a vent.
WORD FAMILY
volcano: volcanic, volcanoes, volcanos+/volcanic: volcanically, volcanism
USAGE EXAMPLES
Hawaii Volcanoes National Park said Monday no one was injured when the lava delta collapsed and sent showers of volcanic rock into the air.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Yellowstone, Crater Lake and Hawaii Volcanoes already are on the list of parks with federally protected geothermal features.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Yellowstone, Crater Lake and Hawaii Volcanoes are on the list.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 火山
分布：火山(100%)
→来自拉丁语Vulcanus,罗马火与锻造之神，引申义火山。
火山(volcan来自Vulcan,罗马神话中的火神)"[-o 1.表名词"人,物或状态"2.表名词,用于音乐术语]
n.火山Balloon, baseball, basketball, football and volleyball all dance ballet on the volcano.气球,棒球,篮球,足球和排球都在火山上跳芭蕾舞.
US [vɑ:l'keɪ.noʊ] (plural volcanoes or volcanos)
noun countable ADVANCED
■a mountain with a large circular hole at the top through which lava (= hot liquid rock) gases, steam and dust are or have been forced out 火山
• an extinct/dormant volcano 死／休眠火山
• an active volcano 活火山
• Erupting volcanoes discharge massive quantities of dust into the stratosphere. 火山喷发导致大量灰尘进入大气平流层。
hill, volcano, mountain, range, mount, peak
这组词都有“山”的意思，其区别是：
hill: 通常指小的土山、石山或浅丘。有时也指高山，复数表群山。
volcano: 特指主要由喷出的熔岩和火山灰堆积而成的圆锥形火山。
mountain: 通常指比hill高而陡的高山、山岳。但这种区别不是绝对的，“大”与“小”常常是相对而言。
range: 形成的山脉或岭。
mount: 常用于地名之前， 即一般放在专用名词前，书面用词。
peak: 指山峰，也可指山顶。

Word: americanism

Word: shorten
Front: shorten
[ˈʃɔ:tn] (六 7578/8411 -1)
Back: vt. & vi. 缩短，变短
时态：shortened, shortening, shortens
分布：变短(70%)，弄短(30%)
→来自 short,短的，-en,使。
缩短(short短)[-en 1.表动词"变成"2.表形容词"由…制成",通常加在名词后面3.表名词"人或物"]
US ['ʃɔ:r-] verb intransitive or transitive
■to become shorter or to make something shorter （使）变短，（使）缩短
• As you grow older, your spine shortens by about an inch. 随着年龄变老，你的脊椎将缩短约一吋。
• I've asked him to shorten my grey trousers. 我已经请他把我的灰色裤子改短一些。
• The name 'William' is often shortened to 'Bill'. “威廉”这个名字经常被简称为“比尔”。
shorten, abbreviate, abridge, cut
这些动词均含有“缩短”之意。
shorten: 通常指缩短时间、尺寸或过程。
abbreviate: 指省去应有的或后续的部分，从而使整体缩短。也可指缩短时间。
abridge: 多指对书籍的删节或缩短，删去不重要部分而保存其精华。
cut: 普通用词，指任何缩短而缩减的过程。
vt. 缩短；减少；变短
 - weaken, fall off
vi. 缩短；变短
 - telescope

Word: horrify
Front: horrify
[ˈhɒrɪfaɪ] (9604/14959 -2)
Vocabulary: horrify
(once / 962 pages)
v
To horrify is to cause someone to feel shocked and disturbed. It may horrify your parents if you announce that you're dropping out of school to become a professional clown.
Things that horrify you fill you with terror, shock, or disgust. It would horrify you to run into a vampire on a dark city streets, and it would also horrify you to be served raw hamburger for lunch. The emotion that arises when something horrifies you is horror, a word that's the same in Latin, with the literal meaning "a shaking, a trembling, or a shudder."
WORD FAMILY
horrify: horrified, horrifies, horrifying +/horrified: horrifiedly/ horrifying: horrifyingly/ horror: horrify, horrors
USAGE EXAMPLES
Horrified by the idea that women should concern themselves with such base matters, the hapless agony uncle skedaddled.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
The security lapse left Mrs Thatcher "utterly horrified".
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
And yet the idea of “people swanning in paying $30,000 just to knock off a few crocs” was equally horrifying to locals, Leu says.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: vt. 使震惊，使感到恐怖
时态：horrified, horrifying, horrifies
分布：使恐惧(50%)，使反感(25%)，使惊骇(25%)
→来自拉丁语horrere,恐惧，颤抖，词源同horror,-fy,使。即使恐惧，恐吓，惊吓。
使恐怖(horr+ify→使人害怕)[hor(r)=shudder,dread,表示"颤抖,害怕"]
US ['hɔ:r-] verb transitive
■to shock someone very much 使极为震惊
• This news will horrify my parents. 这个消息会令我的父母很震惊。

Word: bulb
Front: bulb
[bʌlb] (研四六托雅宝 4901/5690 -2)
Vocabulary: bulb
(once / 1061 pages)
n
A bulb is the roundish, tear-shaped part of some plants. If you plant a bulb, a flower will pop up. Bulb is also short for light bulb. Don’t try planting that kind, though, because lamps don't grow on trees.
Garlic, onions, and shallots are all bulbs, and many flowering plants also grow from underground bulbs, like lilies and daffodils. A different type of bulb is a light bulb, which shares the rounded shape of the plant version. The meaning of bulb in the 16th century was simply "onion," from the Greek bolbos, "plant with round swelling on underground stem."
WORD FAMILY
bulb: bulbar, bulblet, bulblike, bulbous, bulbs+/bulblet: bulblets/ bulbous: bulbously
USAGE EXAMPLES
If they got the right answer, a circuit would be completed, lighting up a light bulb.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Guests mingled over drinks by the pool, which was framed by banquette tables lit from above by strings of bulbs.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
"It all happened organically - it was bit of a light bulb moment," he said.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 球茎，块茎植物; 电灯泡; [解剖学]肿块
分布：电灯泡(69%)，球茎(23%)，球状物(8%)
→词源同ball, 膨胀，鼓起，球。
n.灯泡,球状物The bulk of the ruby rubbish on the pebble bubbles when stirred by bulbed rubber club.小卵石上的大部分红宝石废料在用有球状突起的橡胶短棍搅动是会起泡.
【参】bulbous（adj 球根的，球根长成的）；bulb作词根：圆
noun countable
PLANT 植物
■a round root of some plants from which the plant grows 球茎，鳞茎
• tulip bulbs 郁金香球茎
[bʌlb] noun countable
LIGHT 灯
■a light bulb
n. [电] 电灯泡； [植] 鳞茎；球状物
 - third wheel, electric lamp

Word: interrogation
Front: interrogation
[ɪnˌterə'ɡeɪʃn] (6705/9926)
Vocabulary: interrogation
(once / 1963 pages)
n
An interrogation is a question or an intense questioning session. Police do interrogations of suspects all the time.
Have you ever heard someone say, "What is this? An interrogation?" People say that when they feel like they're being questioned a little too much. An interrogation can mean a single question or a series of questions. Police stations usually have interrogation rooms for questioning suspects. When someone is doing an interrogation, they're looking for answers, and it's usually about something very serious.
WORD FAMILY
interrogation: interrogations+/ interrogate: interrogated, interrogates, interrogating, interrogation, interrogative, interrogator, interrogatory/ interrogative: interrogatively, interrogatives/interrogator: interrogators/interrogatory: interrogatories
USAGE EXAMPLES
Dahlin’s first interrogation began about 2am that winter morning, as temperatures outside The Residence plunged to six degrees below zero.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
“The findings of the probe form grounds of evidence to justify the interrogation of the prime minister,” its statement said.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
He also underwent questioning by a special Marine interrogation squad.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 讯问; 审问; 疑问句
分布：审问(84%)，问号(16%)
N-VAR
讯问;审问
An interrogation is the act of interrogating someone.
例：...the right to silence in police interrogations.在警方讯问时保持沉默的权利
例：...ill-treatment of suspects during interrogation.审问期间虐待疑犯
n. 讯问； [法] 审问； [语] 疑问句
 - question, inquest

Word: lodge
Front: lodge
[lɒdʒ] (研四六托雅 6843/5269 -2)
Vocabulary: lodge
(once / 132 pages)
1nv 2v 3v 4n
A lodge is an inn where travelers stay overnight. If you’re in need of a night’s sleep while traveling an out of the way country road, you’re more likely to find yourself at a lodge than a fancy or chain hotel.
A lodge can also be a cabin in the woods; like an inn, it’s usually a temporary accommodation. But if you join your local lodge, you’ll be expected to be a regular visitor, at least at the monthly the meetings. Lodge is also a verb, meaning to stay temporarily, or to give someone a place to stay. If you lodge a toothpick between your teeth, though, you’ll probably hope it won’t stay there too long.
WORD FAMILY
lodge: dislodge, lodged, lodgement, lodger, lodges, lodging, lodgment+/ dislodge: dislodged, dislodgement, dislodges, dislodging, dislodgment/dislodgment: dislodgments/lodgement: lodgements/ lodger: lodgers/ lodging: lodgings/lodgment: lodgments
USAGE EXAMPLES
Airlines are not obliged to compensate travelers with lodging or meals for delays because of extreme weather.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
That is still a relatively inexpensive night’s lodging in the New York City area.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Inside, carpenters, electricians and designers scrambled to complete work on the $7.5 million lodge in the run-up to its official opening late last month.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vi. 存放; 暂住; 埋入; （权利、权威等）归属
vt. 提出（报告、要求、申诉等）; 容纳; 寄存; 把（权利、权威等）授予
n. <古>小屋，草屋; （北美印第安人的）帐篷; （森林、猎场等的）看守小屋; （学校、工厂等的）传达室
时态：lodged, lodging, lodges
分布：小屋(43%)，门房(18%)，存放(10%)，巢穴(7%)，传达室(7%)，临时住宿(7%)，支部(5%)，安顿(3%)
→来自古法语loge,小屋，凉亭，来自Proto-Germanic*laubja,避难所，用树枝树叶临时搭建的小屋，词源同leaf,lobby,插入字母d.引申词义安顿，寄宿。
v.临时住宿,寄宿,寄存,容纳n.传达室,小旅馆In the log lodge he said some illogical apologies.在木屋里他说了些不合逻辑的道歉话.
US [lɑ:dʒ] verb
STAY 停留
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition formal
■to pay rent to stay somewhere 借宿，借住
• She lodged with Mrs Higgins when she first came to Cambridge. 她第一次来剑桥时借宿在希金斯太太家里。
UK [lɒdʒ] US [lɑ:dʒ] verb
FIX 固定
intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep]
■to (cause to) become fixed in a place or position （使）固定；（使）卡住
• A fish bone had lodged in her throat. 一根鱼刺鲠在她的喉咙里。
UK [lɒdʒ] US [lɑ:dʒ] verb
COMPLAIN 抱怨
lodge a claim/complaint/protest, etc.
■to make an official complaint about something 提出索赔／投诉／抗议等
• The US lodged a formal protest against the arrest of the foreign reporters. 美国就外国记者被捕一事提出正式抗议。
• Lee's solicitor said last night that they would be lodging an appeal against the sentence. 昨晚李的律师说他们将对此项判决提起上诉。
UK [lɒdʒ] US [lɑ:dʒ] verb
STORE 储存
transitive usually + adverb or preposition mainly UK formal
■to put something in a safe place 存放，保管
• You should lodge a copy of the letter with your solicitor. 你应该将这封信的一份复印件交给律师保管。
UK [lɒdʒ] US [lɑ:dʒ] noun
SMALL BUILDING 小型建筑物
countable
■a small house in the country used especially by people on holiday or taking part in sports, or one on the land owned by a large house （尤指渡假者或体育活动者用的）乡间小屋，小舍
• a ski/hunting lodge 滑雪渡假／狩猎租用的小屋
countable
■the place where a beaver lives 海狸的巢穴
countable US * a wigwam
UK [lɒdʒ] US [lɑ:dʒ] noun
GROUP 团体
countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■a local group of an organization such as the freemasons （共济会等组织的）地方分会，地方分支机构
• a Masonic Lodge 共济会分会
UK [lɒdʒ] US [lɑ:dʒ] noun
ROOM 房间
countable UK
■the room used by a person whose job is to be at the entrance to a large building such as a hotel or college in order to help people 门房，传达室
• the porter's lodge 看门人的门房
dwell, inhabit, reside, settle, lodge, live
这组词都有“居住、定居”的意思，其区别是：
dwell: 文学上的用词，口语中通常用live代替。
inhabit: 强调人或动物居住在某个地区并已适应某种特殊环境。
reside: 书面用词，指合法的永久性居住，也指在豪华的住宅里居住。
settle: 侧重指某人定居于城市、国家或地区，而不指居住的住所。
lodge: 指短时间或临时住宿。
live: 最普通用词，指固定的居住，可以是长期的，也可以是临时的。
n. 旅馆；门房；集会处；山林小屋
 - hotel, fonda
vt. 提出；寄存；借住；嵌入
 - introduce, present, prefer, file, advance
vi. 寄宿；临时住宿
 - board, guest

Word: ripe
Front: ripe
[raɪp] (高研四六托 6068/7544 -2)
Vocabulary: ripe
(once / 255 pages)
adj
When a fruit is ripe, it is time to pick it and eat it. If you say the time is ripe, then now is the time for action. Ripe means ready.
Ripe can also describe something that is not only ready to happen but well-suited for whatever is happening. A company can expect profits if the market is ripe for its product. When a ballpark has a short field, batters will say that the field is ripe for home runs. When things are ripe, it's a good thing — the time for action is now.
WORD FAMILY
ripe: overripe, ripely, ripen, ripeness, riper, ripest, unripe+/ ripen: ripened, ripening, ripens/ripened: unripened/unripe: unripely, unripest
USAGE EXAMPLES
To her credit, Karen “recognized that her life was ripe for mockery.”
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
The time is ripe for such a book, Donnelly said.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Even those who represent gas stations say the sector is ripe for innovation.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 成熟的; 醇美可口的; 老练的; 时机成熟的
v. 〈诗〉同“ripen“
级别：riper, ripest
分布：熟的(52%)，成熟的(48%)
→来自古英语 ripe,熟的，成熟的，来自 Proto-Germanic*ripijaz,分开的，来自 rep,拉，抢， 抓，词源同 reap,rip.比喻用法。
a.熟的,成熟的;(for)时机成熟的I use the ripe recipe to wipe the pipeline.我用成熟的配方来擦拭管道.
adjective
FRUIT/CROPS 果实／庄稼
 ADVANCED
■(of fruit or crops) completely developed and ready to be collected or eaten （果实或庄稼）成熟的
• Those bananas aren't ripe yet - they're still green. 那些香蕉还没有成熟——还是绿的。
[raɪp] adjective
CHEESE 起司
■describes cheese which has developed a strong flavour （起司）熟透的，口味浓郁的
• This brie smells good and ripe. 这种法国布里起司味道醇正而浓郁。
[raɪp] adjective
SMELL 味道
■describes a smell which is strong and unpleasant 刺鼻的；难闻的
• There was a ripe smell from his socks. 他的袜子发出一股刺鼻的味道。
[raɪp] adjective
LANGUAGE 语言 old-fashioned humorous
■describes language that is rude （语言）粗俗的，下流的
• a ripe joke 粗俗的笑话
[raɪp] adjective
ripe for
■developed to a suitable condition for something to happen 时机成熟的；适宜的
• The company is ripe for takeover. 对这间公司进行收购的时机已经成熟。
• The time is ripe (= It is the right time) for investing in new technology. 投资新技术的时机成熟了。
[raɪp] adjective
ripe old age approving
■old age 高龄；高寿
• My grandmother died at the ripe old age of 92. 我祖母在92岁高龄时去世。
mature, ripe, adult, grown-up
mature: 泛指动植物的成熟
ripe: 主要用于果实成熟；
adult: 强调法律规定的成年人；
grown-up: 身体发育成熟；
adj. [植] [医] 熟的，成熟的；时机成熟的
 - developed, mature, adult
vt. 搜查；调查
 - examine, survey

Word: putative
Front: putative
[ˈpju:tətɪv] (宝 16411/15427)
Vocabulary: putative
(once / 17881 pages)
adj
You might be the putative leader of your lacrosse team, even if someone else holds the title of captain. Putative means to be known as something by reputation, or assumed to be something, or generally accepted.
Every once in a while, a putative planet is reported in the news, which we get very excited about and which usually turns out to be an illusion. But in 2005, an astronomer discovered what appears to be a new planet beyond Neptune. But is this putative planet for real? There is always some doubt––something not quite official––about putative things.
WORD FAMILY
putative: putatively
USAGE EXAMPLES
The United States now finds itself trying to persuade its putative ally to play a constructive rather than destructive role.
New York Times(Dec 06, 2016)
One advantage of being the putative leader of a great nation is that people pay attention, even when you’re spouting nonsense.
The New Yorker(Dec 01, 2016)
Don’t we want to raise a child without the impulse to terrorize any lifelike thing, regardless of its putative ontology?
The New Yorker(Nov 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 一般认定的，推定的，假定存在的
分布：假定的(88%)，被公认的(12%)
→来自拉丁语putare,计算，判断，思考，词源同compute,repute.
【记】put，ative：暂时put在这里－认为是对的
US [-tˌə.tˌɪv] formal
adjective [before noun]
■generally thought to be or to exist, whether or not this is really true 假定存在的，被认为存在的
• The putative leader of the terrorist organization was arrested by police in Birmingham yesterday. 被认定为该恐怖组织头目的人昨天在伯明罕被警方逮捕了。
adj. 推定的，假定的
 - supposed, assumed, constructive

Word: definitely
Front: definitely
[ˈdefɪnətli] (四六托 1991/2589 -K3)
Vocabulary: definitely
(once / 382 pages)
adv
Use definitely to describe something you don’t have any doubt about. If you are certain you're going to see your friend's band play, you can assure him that you'll definitely be there.
The adverb definitely is used to emphasize the certainty of whatever word it modifies. If you are sure you want apple pie, you could say you definitely want it. The base word definite can also mean "a certain limit," like the definite size a shelf must have to be. You wouldn't say "the carpenter definitely cuts the wood," to describe the exactness of the work; use precisely instead. AND, yes, definitely definitely has an e before the ly!
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
definitely / definitively
Use definitely and definitively when there's no doubt, but save definitely for emphasis and definitively for the final say. If you definitely want to go to a party, but your mom definitively says no, then you aren't going. Quit asking.
Definitely means something is definite — it's unmistakable and clearly defined. It's definitely getting warmer on this planet. It can also mean, "Sure" or "Yes" in response to a question. Would you like cake? Definitely! If you forget how to spell it, just think definite plus -ly (keep the e). Here are some examples of definitely in action:
'No, you don't fail,' he assures her. 'You definitely pass.' (Washington Post)
It's best to wear comfy footwear, and definitely not heels, as their spikes can get stuck in the wooden walkway. (Washington Post)
I definitely felt like a little child again, doing the things I love to do, which is play hockey. (Los Angeles Times)
Definitively is a stronger word — anything definitive is official or conclusive. If a doctor gives you a definitive diagnosis, you know exactly what's wrong. It's not a promise that something will happen; it's a done deal. Just add -ly for definitively (once again, keep the e), to say things like, The court has ruled definitively in favor of the defendant. Here are more examples:
They are obsessed with them—especially the kind that are never definitively solved. (Time)
Since 2007, the government has eluded its responsibility and has now invented this farce of a discovery to definitively seize the property. (Los Angeles Times)
It is hard to say definitively, because Apple didn't provide exact figures for comparison. (Wall Street Journal)
As you can see, while there are definitely similarities between these two words, they are at heart definitively different! And that's final.
WORD FAMILY
definite: definitely, definiteness, definitive, indefinite +/ definitive: definitively/ indefinite: indefinitely, indefiniteness, indefinity
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It’s in a different area, completely the other side. Hurt a lot less when it happened, so I’m definitely encouraged.”
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“It was definitely a leap of faith,” Robinson said after a recent game at Michigan’s Crisler Arena.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“That list is probably 50 long, and this is definitely on that list.”
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adv. 明确地; 确切地; 一定地; 肯定地
int. （表强烈的肯定）当然
分布：明确地(53%)，肯定地(39%)，当然地(8%)
明确地(definite明确的)[-ly 1.表形容词,通常加在名词后2.表副词,通常放在形容词后]
adverb
 ESSENTIAL
■without any doubt 肯定，当然，毫无疑问
• Have you definitely decided to go to America? 你已经决定肯定去美国了吗？
• He definitely said he'd be here. 他肯定地说了他会到这里来的。
• "Are you going to have children?" "Oh, definitely (= without any doubt)." “你们打算要孩子吗？”“噢，当然了。”
• "Is she not coming, then?" "No, definitely not." “这么说她不会来吗？”“对，肯定不会来了。”
['def.ɪ.nət.li] adverb
  Common Learner Errors  definitelyWarning: Check your spelling! Definitely is one of the 50 words most often spelled wrongly by learners.
adv. 清楚地，当然；明确地，肯定地
 - certainly, surely, specifically, particularly, plain

Word: endemic
Front: endemic
[enˈdemɪk] (宝 12069/11941 -1)
Vocabulary: endemic
(once / 7425 pages)
adjn
If you want to underscore just how commonly found and present something is within a particular place, try the word endemic. Tight pants are endemic in my lunch room!
Although endemic meaning "prevalent" often describes a plant or disease, it can also refer to something less tangible and more unwanted such as violence or poverty. Many complain of endemic corruption in the local government. Despite its -ic ending, endemic can also be used as a noun to signify a plant or animal that is prevalent in a certain region. If an endemic is brought to another area which it takes over, destroying the local population, it's classified as an invasive species. And researchers have cataloged several new African endemics.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
endemic / epidemic
Endemic and epidemic are both words that diseases love, but something endemic is found in a certain placeand is ongoing, and epidemic describes a disease that's widespread.
A disease that is endemic is found in a certain geographic region or in a specific race of people. Malaria is endemic to parts of Africa because it's hot and skeeters love it. Tay-Sachs is a genetic disease endemic to Jews and French Canadians. On the brighter side, a plant or animal can also be described as endemic to a region. If it's in the system, it's endemic:
Many relief workers who came to Haiti lived in South Asia, where cholera was endemic. (New York Times)
Catalina endemic plants are species that occur naturally on Catalina Island and nowhere else in the world. (Catalina Island Conservancy)
Epidemic describes a disease that is widespread, affecting an "atypically large number of individuals within a population, community, or region at the same time," according to the Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary. The disease, however eventually subsides. Here are some epidemics:
The Sunshine Coast is in the midst of a whooping cough epidemic with an average of three new cases presenting every day this year. (Sunshine Coast Daily)
But we're still talking about a huge epidemic in this country where more than half a million babies are born each year preterm. (Time)
An endemic disease is restricted to a place, as with malaria, or a people, as with Tay-Sachs. An epidemic disease may happen in a specific place, but it can spread beyond that place, as with asthma or AIDS.
WORD FAMILY
endemic: endemical, endemically, endemics, endemism
USAGE EXAMPLES
Endemic species are those that live in that country and nowhere else.
Slate(Dec 30, 2016)
One approach available to everyone is to forcefully reject the “just trolling,” “just joking,” and “just saying words” excuses so endemic in 2016.
Slate(Dec 28, 2016)
Al-Qaisi, a veteran journalist and an employee of the Iraqi Culture Ministry, is considered one of the critics of the country’s endemic corruption.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 某地特有的; （尤指疾病）地方性的; 风土的; （动，植物）某些特产的
n. 地方病; 某地特产的植物[动物]
分布：地方病(76%)，风土的(9%)，地方的(9%)，风土病(6%)
→en-, 进入，使。-demic, 人民，区域，词源同demotic, democracy.
本地的;地方性的(en在....内+dem+ic→在人民内→地方性的)[dem(o)=people,表示"人民,人们"]
【记】en进入，dem人民－进入人民之内－地方性的
【参】epidemic（adj 流行的；传染的）；pandemic（adj 全国流行的）
【反】exotic（adj 异国情调的；奇异的）；foreign（adj 外国的；外来的）
adjective
■especially of a disease or a condition, regularly found and very common among a particular group or in a particular area （尤指疾病或情况）地方性的；（在某地或某些人中）特有的，流行的
• Malaria is endemic in many of the hotter regions of the world. 疟疾流行于世界上许多气候较炎热的地区。
• The disease is endemic among British sheep/ to many British flocks. 这种疾病在英国羊只中／很多英国羊群中流行。
• There is endemic racism/poverty/violence in many of the country's cities. 该国很多城市中，种族主义猖獗／贫困现象普遍／暴力肆虐。
adj. [医] [内科] 地方性的； [生物] 风土的
 - provincial, local

Word: automotive
Front: automotive
[ˌɔ:təˈməʊtɪv] (托 8714/21304 -1)
Vocabulary: automotive
(once / 4278 pages)
adj
Anything automotive has to do with automobiles — in other words, cars. The automotive industry, for example, is all about making and selling cars. If the windshield wipers fall off your car, get new ones at an automotive store.
The word automotive comes from the Greek auto for “self” and motive for “moving," which makes sense for what the word may have meant in the late 1800s — a self-propelled helicopter-like machine for one person. Don’t bother looking for one of those, though, automotive now just refers to car stuff. If you're interested in automotive technology, you might become a mechanic. Or maybe you could figure out how to make one of those little helicopters.
WORD FAMILY
automotive: automotively
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Back in 2014 when everybody was just talking about automotive, artificial intelligence, virtual reality, they were very busy reshaping their product areas.”
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Naturally, with all that power, unlike today’s energy-efficient hybrids, these cars are among the greatest gas guzzlers in automotive history.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“I call it ‘truck-itis,’” said Mr. Spell, the former automotive editor for The Houston Chronicle.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 自动的; 汽车的
分布：汽车的(88%)，自驱推进的(6%)，机动的(6%)
US [ˌɑ:.tˌə'moʊ.tˌɪv] adjective [before noun]
■relating to road vehicles 汽车的；机动车辆的
• the automotive industry 汽车工业
• automotive manufacturing/engineers 汽车制造／工程师
adj. [车辆] 汽车的；自动的
 - motor, self-acting

Word: nimble
Front: nimble
[ˈnɪmbl] (托宝 14327/19156 -1)
Vocabulary: nimble
(once / 956 pages)
adj
If you're nimble, you can move quickly and with ease. That spryness can be both physical and mental, so even if your granny isn't very nimble on her feet, she can probably still whip you in chess.
A toddler might recognize the word nimble from the nursery rhyme: "Jack be nimble / Jack be quick / Jack jump over / The candlestick," but may not be nimble enough to deduce the meaning. Nimble, from the 14th century Old English næmel, meaning "quick to grasp," can refer to one's mental quickness or physical agility.
WORD FAMILY
nimble: nimbleness, nimbler, nimblest, nimbly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Usually the nimblest of leaders, Roosevelt unexpectedly equivocated.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Television is one of pop culture’s nimblest mediums.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
“And our management system is not as nimble as the fish.”
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 灵活的; 敏捷的; （头脑）思路敏捷的，机智的; 机敏的
分布：敏捷的(80%)，机敏的(12%)，伶俐的(8%)
→来自nem,分开，分配，拿，带，词源同number,numb.引申词义灵活的，敏捷的。
【记】ni你，m摸，ble＝ball：摸球玩的人是nimble的
usually approving
adjective
■quick and exact either in movement or thoughts （行动）灵活的，敏捷的；（头脑）机敏的，敏锐的
• nimble fingers/feet 灵巧的手指／双脚
• His nimble mind calculated the answer before I could key the numbers into my computer. 我还没来得及把数字输入电脑，他那敏捷的头脑已经算出答案。
adj. 敏捷的；聪明的；敏感的
 - intelligent, sensitive, wise, fly, bright

Word: landowner
Front: landowner
[ˈlændəʊnə(r)] (7830/5423 -1)
Back: n. 土地拥有者; 地主
分布：地主(72%)，土地所有者(28%)
US [-ˌoʊ.nɚ] noun countable
■someone who owns land, often a lot of land 土地所有人，地主
n. 地主，土地所有者
 - Tichu, lairdship

Word: jane
Front: jane
[dʒeɪn] (-/2135)
Back: n. 简（女子名）
分布：名词(100%)

Word: stab
Front: stab
[stæb] (研四六托宝 5835/5408 -2)
Back: vt. 刺; 将…刺入; 对…做出刺或戳的动作; 刺
vi. 用或似用带尖的武器刺; 刺伤; 戳
n. 用或似用带尖武器刺的伤口; 尝试; 突发的一阵
时态：stabbed, stabbing, stabs
分布：刺(48%)，刺伤(18%)，戳(14%)，尝试(13%)，刺痛(7%)
→来自苏格兰英语，本身为苏格兰英语另一个词 stob 方言变体词，最终可能为 stub 的苏格兰 变体。词义由钉子引申为刺，戳，捅。
v./n.刺,戳He stabbed the woman with a knife and she died.他用小刀把这位妇女刺死了.
【记】s，tab＝TAB（计算机上的一个键）形状是两个箭头－刺穿
verb (-bb-)
 ADVANCED transitive
■to injure someone with a sharp pointed object such as a knife （用刀等锐器）戳，捅，刺
• She was stabbed several times in the chest. 她胸口被捅了几刀。
• He was jailed for fifteen years for stabbing his wife to death. 他因刺死妻子被判入狱15年。
intransitive or transitive
■to make a short forceful pushing movement with a finger or a long thin object （用指头或细长物）戳，捅
• As she spoke she stabbed the air with her finger. 她一边说一边用手指在空中比划着。
• He stabbed at the meat with his fork. 他用叉子戳着那块肉。
[stæb] verb (-bb-)
stab sb in the back
■to do something harmful to someone who trusted you 在（某人）背后捅刀子（指伤害信任自己的人）
• He had been lied to and stabbed in the back by people that he thought were his friends. 他曾经被一些他视为朋友的人欺骗过，在背后被捅过刀子。
⇒ See also back-stabber
[stæb] noun countable
■the act of pushing a knife into someone, or a wound caused by stabbing （用刀）戳，刺，捅；戳（或刺、捅）的伤口
• He was admitted to Middlesex hospital with stab wounds. 他因被刀刺伤住进了米德尔塞克斯医院。
■a sudden feeling, especially an unpleasant one such as pain 突发的一阵感觉；（尤指）一阵难受，一阵刺痛
• She felt a stab of envy when she saw all the expensive presents Zoe had been given for Christmas. 她看到佐伊圣诞节收到的那些贵重礼物，顿生妒意。
■an action or remark that attacks someone's reputation 中伤，诽谤
• Her criticism of the company's plans was a stab at the chairman himself. 她对公司计划的批评是对董事长本人的中伤。
[stæb] noun countable
have/make a stab at sth informal
■to attempt to do something although you are not likely to be very successful 试图做，尝试（成功希望不大的事）
• I'd never tried snorkelling before but I had a stab at it while I was in Greece. 我以前从未潜过水，但在希腊时试过一次。
thrust, pierce, penetrate, prick, stab
这组词都有“刺入，穿透”的意思，其区别是：
thrust: 本义是使某物进入或把某物刺进或使之穿透某物，有时侧重穿透、刺入。
pierce: 多指人为地用刀刺、剑等尖锐东西刺穿或刺入某物。
penetrate: 较正式用词，可指用任何工具穿入或穿透，也可指光线、声音等透过物体。
prick: 一般指用针等刺穿。
stab: 主要指利器刺入、刺伤，如用匕首、短刀等。
vt. 刺；刺伤；戳；刺穿；直入
 - stick, pink
vi. 刺；刺伤；戳；刺痛
 - smart, puncture wound
n. 刺；戳；尝试；突发的一阵
 - stroke, experiment, go, try, thorn

Word: subdue
Front: subdue
[səbˈdju:] (六托雅宝 12577/11592 -1)
Vocabulary: subdue
(once / 288 pages)
v
To subdue is to hold back, put down, or defeat. A Doberman can be subdued with a bone, but subduing a yapping toy poodle can be a mail carrier's greatest daily challenge.
You can use the verb subdue in ways ranging from subtle to very forceful. If someone is angry, you might subdue him with kind words that overcome his anger. If someone is coming at you with a giant karate chop, you may be able to subdue her with a secret weapon — a knee-snap–heel-kick-floor-drop. Sub-, as in submarine means "below" and subdue means to bring low — to keep down literally or to calm down emotionally.
WORD FAMILY
subdue: subduable, subdued, subduer, subdues, subduing+/ due: duely, dues, duly, endue, overdue, subdue, undue / duly: dulys/ endue: endued, endues, enduing/subduable: unsubduable/ subdued: subduedly, subduedness, unsubdued/subduer: subduers/ undue: unduely, unduly /unsubduable: unsubduably
USAGE EXAMPLES
While subdued and melancholic, there is a deeper optimism at the core of Beck’s “Heart Is a Drum.”
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
The officer used a stun gun to subdue Curtis, then received help from two other officers.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Hannah said officers also used stun guns to subdue the Hummer’s driver.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 征服; 克制; 制服
时态：subdued, subduing, subdues
分布：压制(46%)，使服从(36%)，减弱(18%)
→来自拉丁语 subducere,拉走，拉下，来自 sub-,在下，-duc,拉，引导，词源同 deduce,deduct. 引申诸相关比喻义。
征服;减轻(sub+due从属→从属在下面→征服)[sub-①表示"在下面,次一等,副手"②表示"接近,靠近"]
【记】sub下面，due＝duce引导－引到下面－征服
【反】inflame（v 燃烧；激起）；burgeon（v 萌芽；发展）
US [-'du:] verb transitive
■to reduce the force of something, or to prevent something from existing or developing 压制；制服；控制
• The fire burned for eight hours before the fire crews could subdue it. 大火烧了八个小时后，消防队才控制住火势。
• He criticized the school for trying to subdue individual expression. 他指责学校试图压制个性的自由表现。
defeat, beat, overcome, conquer, subdue, overthrow
这组词都有“征服，战胜”的意思，其区别是：
defeat: 普通用词，多指在战争、比赛、竞选或辩论中战胜对手，侧重胜利的暂时性。
beat: 口笔语均可用，可与defeat换用。
overcome: 多指战胜或克服非物质的东西，如困难和不良习惯等。语气较弱也可指在斗争或竞争中战胜或压倒对方。
conquer: 侧重战胜和控制。书面用词。
subdue: 正式用词，与conquer同义，但强调失败后的臣服状态；也可用作借喻，表克制、压抑感情、欲望等。
overthrow: 指彻底击败对手，使其丧失力量和地位。
vt. 征服；抑制；减轻
 - master, stay, restrain, moderate

Word: scupper
Front: scupper
[ˈskʌpə(r)] (41264/22478 -1)
Back: vt. 使船沉没; 杀死，击溃; 突袭
n. [航]甲板上的排水孔; 排水口，出水口; 水性杨花的女人; 水沟
时态：scuppered, scuppering, scuppers
分布：破坏(50%)，排水口(25%)，使船沉没(14%)，摧毁(11%)
US [-ɚ] verb transitive
SINK 下沉
■to sink your own ship on purpose 故意使（自己的船）沉没
UK ['skʌp.ər] US [-ɚ] verb transitive
SPOIL 破坏
■to cause something such as a plan or an opportunity to fail 使失败；使泡汤
• Arriving late for the interview scuppered my chances of getting the job. 面试迟到使我失去了获得这份工作的机会。
vt. 使船沉没；突袭
 - rush, sweep down
n. 排水口；水性杨花的女人
 - outfall, sinkhole

Word: placate
Front: placate
[pləˈkeɪt] (托宝 16057/14004 -1)
Vocabulary: placate
(once / 1215 pages)
v
When a husband shows up with flowers after he's fought with his wife, he's trying to placate her. If you placate someone, you stop them from being angry by giving them something or doing something that pleases them.
If your little sister is mad that the dog ate her favorite teddy bear, you could placate her by buying her an ice cream cone. A near synonym for placate is appease. The origin of placate is Latin placare "to calm or soothe." The related Latin verb placere is the source of English please.
WORD FAMILY
placate: placable, placated, placates, placating, placation, placative, placatory+/ implacable: implacably/placable: implacable /placating: placatingly/placation: placations/placative: placatively
USAGE EXAMPLES
But the crowd of pensioners in Athens on Thursday night was cynical about his promise to placate them with a one-off Christmas bonus.
Reuters(Dec 16, 2016)
Worried personally and concerned about placating a nervous Warner Bros.,
Los Angeles Times(Dec 03, 2016)
Rather than trying to placate an angry legislator, Bloch defended NSF’s peer review process, considered the gold standard for identifying the best research proposals.
Science Magazine(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: vt. 安抚，抚慰，使平静; 使和解，平息
时态：placated, placating, placates
分布：抚慰(57%)，平息(28%)，和解(15%)
→来自拉丁语placate,安抚，取悦，来自plak,平的，来自pele,放平，展开，词源同please,place.词义由放平引申为放低身段，安抚等。
安慰,抚慰(plac+ate→使...平静)[plac=toplease,表示"取悦,使满意,使平静"]
【记】plac平静，ate－使平静－平息（怒火）
【参】implacable（adj 难以平息的）；complacent（adj 自满得意的）；placid（adj 平静的）
【反】antagonize（v 敌对）；peeve（v 使气恼）；gall（v 使烦恼）；rile（v 激怒）；foment（v 煽动）；surprise（v 使惊奇）
US ['pleɪ.keɪt] verb transitive
■to stop someone from feeling angry 平息，安抚
• Outraged minority groups will not be placated by promises of future improvements. 愤怒的少数民族无法以日后将进行改善的承诺获得安抚。
vt. 抚慰；怀柔；使和解
 - propitiate, reconcile

Word: trustee
Front: trustee
[trʌˈsti:] (6118/3473 -2)
Back: n. 受托人; 信托公司; （公司、学院）理事; （慈善事业或其他机构的）受托人
vt. 移交（财产或管理权）给受托人
分布：受托人(85%)，理事(15%)
→trust,委托，-ee,表施动。
noun countable
■a person, often one of a group, who controls property and/or money for another person or an organization 受托人
• the museum's board of trustees 博物馆的受托人理事会
n. [法] 受托人；托管人
 - assignee, depositary

Word: accelerator
Front: accelerator
[əkˈseləreɪtə(r)] (11455/10364 -1)
Vocabulary: accelerator
(once / 5683 pages)
1n 2n 3n
An accelerator makes things go, or accelerate. The gas pedal on a car is an accelerator, but so is a machine that scientists use to speed particles up and smash them.
An accelerator gets things going. In a car, the accelerator is the gas pedal that you mash with your foot when you’re ready to speed off into the sunset. In physics, a particle accelerator speeds off in a different way — it takes a particle, such as an electron, and speeds it up to almost the speed of light, and smashes it into an atom. Why? To see what it’s made of.
WORD FAMILY
accelerator: accelerators+/ accelerate: accelerated, accelerates, accelerating, acceleration, accelerative, accelerator, acceleratory/ acceleration: accelerations/accelerative: acceleratively
USAGE EXAMPLES
Dr. Goldwasser, who was long associated with the University of Illinois, helped pioneer the use of powerful particle accelerators in American physics.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
For many years, Dr. Drell was a key figure at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, a laboratory operated by the Energy Department.
Washington Post(Dec 24, 2016)
Is your current work a big switch from programming a particle accelerator?
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 加速器; 催速剂
分布：油门(70%)，促进剂(25%)，加速装置(5%)
US [-ɚ.eɪ.tˌɚ] noun countable
■the pedal (= part that you push with your foot) in a vehicle that makes it go faster 加速器；油门
specialized
■in physics, a machine which makes particles (= small pieces of matter) move very fast （粒子）加速器
n. 油门；催化剂； [机] 加速装置
 - catalyst, gasoline throttle

Word: upside
Front: upside
[ˈʌpsaɪd] (12789/35560)
Back: n. 好处; 上边; （糟糕局面的）好的一面; 颠倒着
分布：潜力(54%)，上面(27%)，优势(9%)，上方(6%)，上部 上涨(4%)
noun only singular
■the advantage of a situation 优点；好处；有利的一面
• It's annoying that we can't travel until Thursday, but the upside is that the fare's cheaper then. 烦人的是我们要等到周四才能出发去旅行，但好处是到时票价会便宜些。
Compare downside
n. 上部；上面；上边
 - top, upper part

Word: curator
Front: curator
[kjʊəˈreɪtə(r)] (托宝 5964/8230 -1)
Vocabulary: curator
(once / 2313 pages)
n
If you are the curator of the school art show, you choose which pieces will be in it and decide how they will be displayed. A curator is someone who manages an art collection or exhibit.
The kind of artwork a curator manages does not have to be the visual kind. You can curate a series of readings by selecting which authors read in it and who reads together. A curator is the person who gives the overall shape and feel to an art exhibit. In law, if you are the curator of someone's estate, you have been given legal power to manage it for someone who is too young or mentally unable to do it themselves.
WORD FAMILY
curator: curatorial, curators, curatorship+/curatorial: curatorially/curatorship: curatorships
USAGE EXAMPLES
Curators were stymied as to the best way to present them - or whether they even belonged in a California history museum.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Swann ultimately pulled the manuscript from the sale, and Mexican curators confirmed its authenticity.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Wendy Garden, the curator of last year’s art exhibition On the Beach, wrote that beaches occupied “a privileged place in the national psyche”.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. （图书馆等的）馆长; 监护人; 管理者; <英>（大学）学监，校董会中的财务保管员
分布：管理者(100%)
→来自cure,照看，治疗。引申词义图书馆馆长。
(博物馆等)馆长(cur+ator人→关心照看者→馆长)[cur=care,表示"关心"]
馆长(cur关心＋ator)[-or表名词"人或物器",在一些词根前写成"-ator"]
【记】cur＝cure（n /v 治疗）作为词根是看管的意思，ator－治疗艺术品的人一博物馆管理员cu哭，rat老鼠，or表示人：见到老鼠就哭的人是博物馆管理员，因为老鼠喜欢肯毕加索的画，还喜欢吃（crate）里的水果。
【参】curable（adj 可医治的；医得好的）；curate（n 牧师助理）
US [kjɝ:'eɪ.tˌɚ] noun countable
■a person in charge of a museum, library, etc. （博物馆、图书馆等的）馆长
n. 馆长；监护人；管理者
 - managers, governor

Word: artillery
Front: artillery
[ɑ:ˈtɪləri] (雅宝 6538/7223 -2)
Vocabulary: artillery
(once / 244 pages)
1n 2n
Artillery refers to large-caliber guns — guns with big barrels — which can be moved from one place to another for land battles. The artillery is also the name for the army unit that uses these big guns.
If you're a military commander and you say, "Bring in the heavy artillery," you're ordering the artillery to move into place and get ready for action. But if you're talking to fellow members of your debate team and you say, “Bring in the heavy artillery,” you mean "bring in our best debaters, our heaviest hitters." Artillery can refer to one weapon or 100 — the singular and plural are the same.
WORD FAMILY
artillery: artilleries
USAGE EXAMPLES
Early in her career, she was as an engineer for a research institute attached to the Chinese army’s Second Artillery Corps.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
It was the Canadiens who finally stopped the Soldiers, which is to say they “spiked the artillery of the fusiliers.”
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Louis Cardin was killed by a rocket attack March 19 while he was stationed at an artillery outpost south of Mosul.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 炮，大炮; 炮兵部队; 炮术; 〈美俚〉防身武器
分布：大炮(100%)
→art, 技艺，工艺。原指冷兵器时代的投石机，代表当时的先进工艺，现指大炮。
【记】art艺术家，i11病了。因为胡子多影响呼吸，所以用大炮轰他一下，胡子就没了，病就好了
US [ɑ:r'tɪl.ɚ-] noun uncountable
■very large guns that are moved on wheels or metal tracks, or the part of the army which uses these 炮，大炮；炮兵（部队）
• Naval gunfire and ground-based artillery are generally less accurate than many aircraft-borne weapons. 一般而言，许多空投武器都要比军舰炮火和地面炮火精确度高。
n. [军] 火炮；大炮；炮队；炮术
 - Cannons, ordnance

Word: grudge
Front: grudge
[grʌdʒ] (托雅宝 14032/14376 -1)
Vocabulary: grudge
(once / 604 pages)
nv
If you tend to hold a grudge, you don't let it go when you feel someone's insulted or wronged you. I hope you won't hold a grudge against me for bringing it up.
Grudge comes from the now dead Middle English word "grutch," which meant "to complain or grumble." Someone who bears a grudge might often be grouchy. You can specify a type of grudge: political grudge, personal grudge, etc. You know Grandpa's been holding a grudge against the neighbors for years, but you have to wonder: How long can he hold that shotgun?
WORD FAMILY
grudge: grudged, grudges, grudging +/ grudging: grudgingly, ungrudging/ungrudging: ungrudgingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
This timely novel captures every character in the worst light, and the grudge matches among Brooklyn’s liberal parentocracy are nastier than any playground brawl.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Our election was a brutal grudge match that left us more polarized than ever.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
According to Clinton, this “grudge” led Putin to interfere in the U.S. election.
Salon(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 不满; 怨恨; 恶意; 妒忌
vt. 怀恨; 妒忌; 吝惜; 不情愿做
时态：grudged, grudging, grudges
分布：怨恨(68%)，嫉妒(9%)，恶意(9%)，吝惜(8%)，不愿(6%)
→拟声词。比较grouse, grumble.
【记】grudge＝begrudge（被粗鲁的人乞讨－不愿意给－吝啬）
【参】grudging（adj 不愿的；勉强的；吝啬的）
noun countable
■a strong feeling of anger and dislike for a person who you feel has treated you badly, which often lasts for a long time 怨恨；嫌隙；积怨
• I don't bear any grudge against you. 我对你没有丝毫怨恨。
• Philippa still has/holds a grudge against me for refusing to lend her that money. 菲莉帕到现在仍对我不借钱给她一事耿耿于怀。
[grʌdʒ] verb transitive
■to not want to spend time or money on someone or something, or to not want to give something to someone 吝惜；勉强地做，勉强地给
• She grudged every hour she spent helping him. 她很不情愿花时间帮他。
■to think that someone does not deserve something good that they have 认为…不应得到；忌妒
• [+ two objects] I don't grudge you your holiday, it's just that you've chosen a bad time to go. 我不是认为你不该去渡假，只是觉得你选的时机不合适。
vt. 怀恨；吝惜；妒忌；不情愿做
 - spare, begrudge
n. 怨恨；恶意；妒忌
 - spite, hatred

Word: despise
Front: despise
[dɪˈspaɪz] (研四六托雅宝 9016/7960 -1)
Vocabulary: despise
(once / 238 pages)
v
If the mere thought of a burrito with sour cream in it turns your stomach, you could say that you despise sour cream. You loathe it, abhor it, hate it, and think it's vile.
Despise dates all the way back to the Latin word despicare, which combines de "down" with specere "to look at." So if you look down your nose at something, you could say you despise it. Nowadays the word gets used a lot to describe things people really, really dislike, too. Note how similar in meaning and spelling despise is to Sylvester the cartoon cat's old favorite catchphrase despicable. Despicable means something worth of being despised.
WORD FAMILY
despise: despisal, despised, despises, despising+/despised: despisedest, despisedly/despising: despisings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The legislation is likely to erase the mandate that people buy insurance or face hefty IRS fines, which Republicans despise.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
He’s a very unctuous, oily, truly horrific villain who the audience will enjoy despising.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
“Yet, notwithstanding all this, if the laws be continually despised and disregarded . . . the alienation of their affections from the government is the natural consequence.”
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. 鄙视，看不起
时态：despised, despising, despises
分布：轻视(100%)
→来自古法 语despis, de-, 向下，-spis, 看，词源同special, spectator. 即向下看，鄙视。
轻视,看不起(spis=spic)[spect,spic=look,see,表示"看"]
v.轻视,蔑视"The enterprise will be supervised by a group comprising prominent men," the despising chairman said concisely with no compromise."企业将由杰出人员构成的小组来监管,"轻蔑的主席毫不妥协简明地
【记】de向下，spise＝spic看：向下看－鄙视
【反】reverence（n /v 尊敬；敬重）；venerate（v 崇敬）
verb transitive not continuous
■to feel a strong dislike for someone or something because you think they are bad or have no value 鄙视，蔑视；厌恶
• The two groups despise each other. 这两个团体互相鄙视。
• She despised him for the way he treated her sister. 他那样对待她姐姐，让她感到很厌恶。
• [R] He despised himself for being such a coward. 他厌恶自己竟然如此胆小。
scorn, look down upon, despise
这组词都有“轻视，蔑视”的意思，其区别是：
scorn: 语气较强，指极端的蔑视，常伴有愤怒或恼怒的情感。
look down upon: 指自视地位优越而蔑视他人或事。
despise: 指由于卑鄙、软弱，渺小或无价值等而被轻视。
vt. 轻视，鄙视
 - slight, set light by

Word: ransom
Front: ransom
[ˈrænsəm] (托雅宝 11907/11756 -1)
Vocabulary: ransom
(once / 667 pages)
nv
If you’re ever kidnapped, you’d probably be worth millions in ransom. Ransom is the money demanded for the release of a captive.
You’ve probably heard the phrase “held for ransom.” That means someone has been captured and is being held prisoner until a sum of money is delivered to the captors. Ransom can refer to the money paid, but it can also be a verb that describes paying for the release of someone being held. If you have to ransom your best friend, that means you’re paying his captors to release him.
WORD FAMILY
ransom: ransomed, ransoming, ransoms
USAGE EXAMPLES
“These guys need a place to store their stuff,” Ransom said.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Residents said they were terrorized by armed gangs who regularly robbed farmers, carjacked vehicles and held villagers for ransom.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
But even with a match, there’s still so much to explain about the case, such as the ransom note.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 付赎金救人，赎金; [神]赎罪
vt. 赎回; [神]赎救
时态：ransomed, ransoming, ransoms
分布：赎金(85%)，赎回(13%)，赎身(2%)
→来自古法语 ranson,赎金，救赎，来自（缩写自）拉丁语 redemptionem,拯救，救赎，词源同 redeem,redemption.拼写比较 custom,来自（缩写自）拉丁语 consuetudinem.
【记】ran跑，som＝some：抢到some赎金就ran
noun countable or uncountable
■a large sum of money which is demanded in exchange for someone who has been taken prisoner, or sometimes for an animal 赎金
• a ransom demand/note 索要赎金／勒索赎金的字条
• They demanded a huge ransom for the return of the little girl whom they had kidnapped. 他们索要钜额赎金作为放回被绑小女孩的条件。
• The gang held the racehorse to/for ransom. 这个犯罪集团扣留了赛马，以此勒索赎金。
['rænt.səm] noun countable or uncountable
hold sb to ransom
■to force someone to do something by putting them in a situation where something bad will happen if they do not 要挟（某人）；胁迫（某人）
• The government says it is being held to ransom by the actions of terrorist groups. 政府称，恐怖组织采取的行动是在要挟政府陷于投鼠忌器的境地。
['rænt.səm] verb transitive
■to pay money in order to set someone free （付钱）赎（人），赎出，赎回
• Her father ransomed her for a million dollars. 她父亲用100万美元把她赎了出来。
vt. 赎回，赎；勒索赎金；救赎；得赎金后释放
 - redeem, atone for
n. 赎金；赎身，赎回
 - redemption

Word: madness
Front: madness
[ˈmædnəs] (6563/6421)
Vocabulary: madness
(once / 366 pages)
1n 2n 3n
Madness is foolish, impulsive behavior. It would be madness to ride on the back of your friend's car, standing on the bumper.
A screaming crowd waiting to see their favorite rock star creates an atmosphere of madness — and their enthusiasm itself can be described as madness. You could also say that donating all your money to an animal shelter would be madness, or describe the madness of a busy Thanksgiving Day sale. Madness sometimes takes on its original meaning, "mental instability" or "insanity."
WORD FAMILY
madness: madnesses+/ mad: madded, maddest, madding, madly, madness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The intertwining of madness and genius remains an essential part of his posthumous legend, and Lowell himself saw the two as related.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Jack’s goal is to treat the job like a writer’s retreat; instead, he is mysteriously driven to madness and murder.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The next month, starting on 16 February, Clinton will open a much bigger run, the Mardi Gras Madness tour, which will stretch until 4 March.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 疯狂; 狂怒; 狂犬病; 看来奇怪（或愚蠢）的行为自有其道理
分布：疯狂(93%)，愚蠢的行为(7%)
noun uncountable
STUPID BEHAVIOUR 愚蠢的行为
■stupid or dangerous behaviour 疯狂的行为；愚蠢（或危险）的行为
• To begin a war would be sheer madness. 发动战争完全是疯狂之举。
['mæd.nəs] noun uncountable
MENTAL ILLNESS 精神失常
■the state of being mentally ill, or unable to behave in a reasonable way 疯狂，神经错乱，精神失常
• She felt as if she were sliding into madness. 她觉得自己像是快要发疯了。
n. 疯狂；愚蠢的行为
 - simple, insanity

Word: nut
Front: nut
[nʌt] (高研四六 3188/4276 -K2)
Vocabulary: nut
(once / 325 pages)
1nv 2n 3n 4n 5n
A nut is a kind of fruit made of a large, edible seed with a very hard shell around it. The nuts that squirrels typically gather (sometimes storing them temporarily in their cheek pouches) are acorns.
It might seem strange that a nut is a fruit, since until they've been cracked open, most nuts are as hard and inedible as rocks. Think of the meat of a walnut or almond that hides inside — this is the edible seed within the fruit. If someone calls you a nut, or describes you as nuts or nutty, they think you're crazy or wacky, and when you refer to "a tough nut to crack," you're talking about a tricky problem.
WORD FAMILY
nut: nutlike, nuts, nutted, nutting, nutty+/nutty: nuttier, nuttiest, nuttily
USAGE EXAMPLES
But “I really went nuts with anxiety,” she said, worrying about a recurrence.
Washington Post(Dec 01, 2016)
The world went nuts for “The Hunger Games” and slightly less so for “The Maze Runner” franchise and the “Divergent” films.
Salon(Nov 30, 2016)
At issue are warnings such as “may contain traces of nuts” in a food that shouldn’t have any.
Seattle Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 螺母，螺帽; 坚果，坚果果仁; 难对付的人; [乐]弓根
v. 采坚果; 拾坚果
时态：nutted, nutting, nuts
分布：螺母(49%)，坚果(28%)，螺帽(16%)，果仁(5%)，采坚果(2%)
→来自拉丁语nux,坚果，果仁，词源同nuclear,nucleus.俚语义睾丸，头，疯子。
n.坚果;螺母,螺帽Shut in the hut, I'm puzzled how to cut down the output of nuts.关在茅棚里,我为削减坚果的产量犯难.
noun
FOOD 食物
 IMPROVER countable
■the dry fruit of particular trees which grows in a hard shell and can often be eaten 坚果
• a Brazil/cashew nut 巴西坚果／腰果
• Sprinkle some roasted chopped nuts on top. 往表面撒些烤过的碎果仁。
[nʌt] noun
METAL OBJECT 金属制品
countable
■a small piece of metal with a hole in it which a bolt can be screwed into 螺母，螺帽
• Nuts and bolts are used to hold pieces of machinery together. 螺帽和螺栓用来把机器零件装拼在一起。
[nʌt] noun
PERSON 人
countable informal
■a person who is mentally ill or who behaves in a very silly or stupid or strange way 疯子；傻瓜；怪人
• What kind of nut would leave a car on a railway track? 哪个疯子会把车停在铁轨上？
countable informal
■someone who is extremely enthusiastic about a particular activity or thing 对…入迷的人
• Ian's a tennis nut - he plays every day. 伊恩是个网球迷——他每天都打网球。
⇒ See also nuts
[nʌt] noun
HEAD 头
countable slang
■a person's head 脑袋
• Come on, use your nut (= think clearly) ! 好啦，动动你的脑子！
[nʌt] noun
MONEY 钱
uncountable US informal
■the amount of money necessary to operate a business or cover your costs 营运经费，开销
• With two houses, three cars and child-support payments, he just couldn't meet his nut, even with a second job. 他有两栋房子、三辆要保养的车，还要支付孩子的抚养费。开支这样庞大，尽管他有两份工作也难以为继。
[nʌt] noun
be off your nut slang
■to be very silly or stupid 愚蠢万分
• You can't do that! Are you off your nut? 你不能那样做！你傻了吗？
[nʌt] noun
do your nut UK slang
■to become extremely angry 大发雷霆
• She'll do her nut when she sees the mess. 她要是看到这一团糟的话，定会气得火冒三丈的。
[nʌt] noun
a hard / tough nut to crack
■a problem that is very difficult to solve or a person who is very difficult to understand 棘手的问题；难以理喻的怪人
[nʌt] noun
the nuts and bolts
■the practical facts about a particular thing, rather than theoretical ideas about it 实质性内容
• When it came to the nuts and bolts of running a business, he was clearly unable to cope. 当涉及到企业经营的实质性问题时，他显然应付不来。
[nʌt] noun
a tough/hard nut
■someone who is very unpleasant and difficult to deal with 讨厌的家伙；难对付的人
• As a teenager, Jack was a real hard nut, always getting into fights. 十几岁的杰克很难管教，总是跟人打架。
[nʌt] verb transitive informal
■to hit someone or something with your head 用头撞
• The guy turned round and nutted him. 那人转过身来，一头向他撞去。
n. 螺母，螺帽；坚果；难对付的人，难解的问题
 - nutsert, female screw

Word: remit
Front: remit
[ˈri:mɪt] (托宝 28338/10306 -1)
Vocabulary: remit
(once / 682 pages)
1v 2v 3vn 4v 5n
If you send your client a bill for your consulting services, be sure to include your address so he knows where to remit the payment.
Remit means send back, and it has many uses. If you remit payment, you send it back to the person you owe it to. If you’ve been in prison for five years of a seven-year sentence but you’ve been on good behavior, a judge might remit the remainder of your sentence and let you go free. If you have a chronic illness and it seems to clear up or go away, we say it is in remittance.
WORD FAMILY
remit: remission, remitment, remits, remittance, remitted, remittent, remitting+/ remission: remissions/ remittance: remittances/remitting: unremitting / unremitting: unremittingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The number of states to which Amazon remits sales tax will top 30 when Nebraska and Iowa join the ranks starting in 2017.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Wahls will observe 100 people with relapsing–remitting MS for 12 weeks before splitting them randomly into the Swank or the Wahls treatment.
Nature(Nov 29, 2016)
Freedman, for example, is collaborating with colleagues to enrol 40 patients with either relapsing–remitting or secondary progressive MS into a Canadian trial called MESCAMS.
Nature(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: v. 汇款; 免除; 赦免
n. 职权范围; 控制范围; 影响范围
时态：remitted, remitting, remits
分布：汇款(33%)，汇出(15%)，减轻(12%)，免除(11%)，宽恕(8%)，缓和(8%)，延迟(6%)，提交(5%)，移交事项(2%)
→来自拉丁语 remittere,松开，松懈，减轻，送走，来自 re-,向后，往回，mittere,送出，送走， 词源同 emit,remiss.即送走，送回，送回应属职权范围，引申词义免除，赦免。后用于经济 学术语汇付，付款，特指国际汇付。
汇款;饶恕(re再＋mit→［把钱］再送出去→汇款)[Miss,mit=send,cast,表示"送,放出"]
verb transitive /rɪˈmɪt/
(-tt-)
REDUCE 减少 UK legal
■to reduce a period of time that someone must spend in prison 减刑；减少服刑时间
• She has had part of her sentence remitted. 她被减了刑。
• His prison sentence was remitted to two years. 他的刑期被缩减至两年。
verb transitive /rɪˈmɪt/
(-tt-)
SEND 寄 formal
■to send money to someone 汇（款）；汇寄；汇付
• He worked as a builder in Chicago and remitted half his monthly wage to his family in the Philippines. 他在芝加哥做建筑工，把每月工资的一半寄回在菲律宾的家。
■formal
■to refer a matter to someone in authority to deal with 将…提交（权力部门进行处理）
• She remitted the case to a new tribunal for reconsideration. 她将这一案件提交给一个新的特别法庭重新审议。
noun countable usually singular /ˈriː.mɪt/
■the area which a person or group of people in authority has responsibility for or control over 职权范围；控制范围；许可权
• The remit of this official inquiry is to investigate the reasons for the accident. 这次官方调查旨在查清事故发生原因。
vt. 宽恕；免除；减轻；传送；使恢复原状
 - discharge, forgive, moderate
vi. 汇款；缓和
 - cash transfer, tone down

Word: booze
Front: booze
[bu:z] (11048/12284 -1)
Back: n. 酒; 酒宴; 暴饮
vi. 暴饮; 痛饮
时态：boozed, boozing, boozes
分布：酒(80%)，豪饮(12%)，酒宴(8%)
→beer的变体，z音使语气更强烈。
[bu:z] informal
noun uncountable
■alcohol 酒
• The party's at Kate's on Friday night - bring some booze. 派对周五晚上在凯特家举行——带些酒来。
[bu:z] informal
noun uncountable
on the booze UK informal
■drinking a lot of alcohol 喝大量的酒，狂饮
• Every Friday night Rick would go out on the booze. 每周五晚上力克都出去大喝一趟。
[bu:z] informal
verb intransitive
■to drink alcohol 喝酒
• Have you been out boozing again? 你是不是又出去喝酒了？
n. 酒；酒宴
 - wine, liquor, drink
vi. 豪饮；痛饮
 - binge drinking, drink like a fish

Word: bath
Front: bath
[bɑ:θ] (高研四雅 3890/2551 -K3)
Vocabulary: bath
(once / 557 pages)
1nv 2n
The action of soaking or washing yourself in water is a bath. You might take a bubble bath to relax before bed after a stressful day.
Your soak in soapy water is a bath, and the tub in which you're lying is also a bath. Other containers of water are baths too, particularly in cooking: "If the custard's sitting in a hot water bath, it will cook more evenly." While the Old English root bæð means "immersing in water," it also means "immersing in mud." If an investor "takes a bath," it means, colloquially, that she loses a lot of money.
WORD FAMILY
bath: baths
USAGE EXAMPLES
The apartment’s 8,055 square feet includes five bedrooms, seven and a half baths, a library and a family room.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Beneath the steel sink and commode, I keep a bath towel spread open across the floor, which I use as a floor rag.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
Plug me into one of those pink goo baths from The Matrix.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 沐浴; 洗澡; 浴缸，澡盆; 浸，泡，洗澡水
vt. & vi. （给…）洗澡
分布：洗澡(56%)，浴室(18%)，沐浴(17%)，浴盆(9%)
→来自PIE *bhe, 暖，热，同bask. 原义仅指变热，热水洗浴和游泳都是词义发展的结果。
n.沐浴,洗澡;浴室(池,盆)v.(给...)洗澡Both the math pathfinders bathed in the bathtub.两个数学先驱都在浴盆里洗过澡.
US [bæθ] noun
 ESSENTIAL countable UK (US bathtub)
■a long plastic, metal or ceramic container which is filled with water so that a person can sit or lie in it to wash their whole body 澡盆，浴缸
 ESSENTIAL countable usually singular
■the activity of washing yourself or someone else in a bath 沐浴，洗澡
• mainly UK Susannah has a long hot bath every evening. 苏珊娜每天晚上都要美美地泡个热水澡。
• mainly US I took a bath this morning. 今天早上我洗了个澡。
• bath oil 沐浴油
run a bath UK (US fill the tub)
■to fill a bath with water for washing 往浴缸里放水
• I'll run you a bath while you take off those wet clothes. 你把湿衣服脱掉，我帮你给浴缸放水。
countable US
■used to refer to a bathroom when describing a home 浴室
• a four-bedroom two-bath house 有四间卧房和两间浴室的房子
countable UK
■a health treatment （保健性）洗浴
• mud/thermal baths 泥浴／温泉浴
countable UK
■any container holding liquid 池；盆
• a bird bath 鸟澡盆
UK [bɑ:θ] US [bæθ] verb intransitive or transitive UK (mainly US bathe)
■to wash in a bath or to wash someone in a bath （给某人）洗澡
• old-fashioned She baths every morning. 她每天早晨都洗澡。
• I usually bath the kids in the evening. 我通常在晚上给孩子们洗澡。
bathe, bath
bathe: You bathe something to make it clean in a medical way.
bath: You bath to get clean.
n. 沐浴；浴室； [建] 浴盆
 - ablutions, bagnio
vt. 洗澡
 - wash oneself
vi. 洗澡
 - wash oneself

Word: paltry
Front: paltry
[ˈpɔ:ltri] (宝 15789/18913 -1)
Vocabulary: paltry
(once / 1510 pages)
adj
A paltry amount is so small it's not even worth thinking about. In the novel "Oliver Twist," when Oliver is given a paltry amount of gruel — not nearly enough — he asks, "Please, sir, can I have some more?"
Paltry is a laughably small amount — the waiter might chuck a paltry tip in the garbage. If you have only 50 cents in your bank account, it's such a paltry amount, you may as well be broke. It can also mean "not worth considering" or "not important." If you keep breaking your promises, your friends will get sick of your paltry excuses.
WORD FAMILY
paltry: paltrier, paltriest, paltrily, paltriness+/paltriness: paltrinesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Rousey’s fans, on the other hand, must focus their hermeneutic powers on a paltry body of current literature.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
Guy, who does not start, elevated Virginia’s paltry 32.3 shooting percentage in the first half to 46.2 percent in the second.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Rehearsal time is paltry, previews don’t exist, and there are generally just a handful of performances.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 微小的; 不重要的; 无价值的; 可鄙的
分布：微不足道的(54%)，琐碎的(21%)，无价值的(16%)，可鄙的(9%)
→来自低地德语palter,破布，布条，来自Proto-Germanic*palto,破布，碎布，-y,形容词后缀。引申词义破布般的，无价值的，微不足道的。
【记】pal＝pale（adj 苍白的），try（努力）一白努力－无价值的
【反】significant（adj 有意义的）；important（adj 重要的）
US ['pɑ:l-] adjective
■(of a sum of money) very small and of little or no value （金钱）微不足道的，无价值的
• Student grants these days are paltry. 如今的学生助学金少得可怜。
• The company offered Jeremy a paltry sum which he refused. 公司提议要给杰瑞米一笔微不足道的钱，他拒绝了。
■low in quality 低劣的；可鄙的
• She made some paltry excuse and left. 她编了个蹩脚的借口离开了。
adj. 不足取的；无价值的；琐碎的；卑鄙的
 - poor, mean, base, dirty

Word: chef
Front: chef
[ʃef] (高研托宝 3164/6149 -2)
Vocabulary: chef
(once / 1187 pages)
n
Someone whose job is cooking food and planning menus at a restaurant is a chef. Many chefs graduate from cooking school, while others learn cooking techniques by observing and working with experienced chefs..
The word chef often specifies someone who cooks fancy or expensive food — in contrast, you might call a man who fries burgers at a fast food place or a woman who makes grilled cheese sandwiches at a diner simply cooks. The chef is generally at the top of the food chain in a restaurant kitchen, the boss of the other workers. Chef is French, short for chef de cuisine, or "head of the kitchen."
WORD FAMILY
chef: chefs
USAGE EXAMPLES
As the songwriters strummed guitars and punched lyrics into their phones, Pine’s children splashed in a swimming pool and a chef prepared brick-oven pizzas.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
He is one of several local celebrities portrayed in the artwork, including chef Daniel Boulud.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
"Growing up I told my parents I wanted to be a chef," Ms Chow tells the BBC.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 厨师，大师傅
分布：厨师(84%)，主厨(16%)
→来自chief, 主要的。
n.(餐馆等的)厨师长,厨师
【记】拼：车夫－车夫和厨师都是有技术的劳动人民。
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a skilled and trained cook who works in a hotel or restaurant, especially the most important cook （饭店或餐馆的）厨师；（尤指）厨师长，大厨，主厨
• He is one of the top chefs in Britain. 他是英国的顶级厨师之一。
• She is head- chef at the Waldorf-Astoria. 她是华道夫－阿斯多里亚餐厅的首席厨师。
n. 厨师，大师傅
 - cook, kitchener

Word: cognitive
Front: cognitive
[ˈkɒgnətɪv] (研六托雅 3344/5220 -1)
Vocabulary: cognitive
(once / 4891 pages)
adj
If it's related to thinking, it's considered cognitive. Anxious parents might defend using flashcards with toddlers as "nurturing their cognitive development."
The adjective, cognitive, comes from the Latin cognoscere "to get to know" and refers to the ability of the brain to think and reason as opposed to feel. A child's cognitive development is the growth in his or her ability to think and solve problems. Many English words that involve knowing and knowledge have cogn- in them such as cognizant "aware of" and recognize "to know someone in the present because you knew them from the past."
WORD FAMILY
cognitive: cognitively, precognitive+/cognizable: cognizably, incognizable/ cognizance: cognizances, recognizance / cognizant: cognizance, cognizantly, incognizant/cognize: cognitive, cognizable, cognizant, cognized, cognizes, cognizing/incognizant: incognizance/ recognizance: recognizances
USAGE EXAMPLES
Indeed, a mainstream strategy in cognitive behavioral therapy involves purposefully articulating thoughts to oneself in order to diminish pernicious habits of mind.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
They also suffer higher mortality rates and increased risk of depression, cognitive decline and illnesses like coronary artery disease.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
They also assessed people’s cognitive abilities through a series of tasks.
Time(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 认知的; 认识的
分布：认知的(55%)，认识的(37%)，有认识力的(8%)
a.认知的,认识能力的Though Jack was emotionally immature, his cognitive development was admirable; he was very advanced intellectually.
【参】cognizance（n 知觉，认识＝knowledge＝awareness）
US ['kɑ:g.nɪ.tˌɪv] specialized
adjective [before noun]
■connected with thinking or conscious mental processes 感知的；认知的；认识力的
• Some of her cognitive functions have been impaired. 她的部分认知能力受到了损害。
• cognitive behaviour/development 认知行为／认知发展
• cognitive therapy/psychology 认知疗法／心理学
adj. 认知的，认识的
 - recognitive, epistemic

Word: protective
Front: protective
[prəˈtektɪv] (四六 4114/4668 -2)
Vocabulary: protective
(once / 1148 pages)
adj
Anything that's protective safeguards or watches out for something (or someone) else. Protective gear keeps you safe from physical injury, and a protective parent cares for and worries about their children.
When you work with dangerous chemicals or toxic substances, it makes sense to wear protective masks or gloves, and a new bicycle rider is smart to wear a protective helmet. The first time you bring your new puppy to the dog park, you're likely to be protective of him, keeping him safe from bigger, older dogs. The Latin root of protective is protegere, "to cover in front, or to protect."
WORD FAMILY
protective: overprotective, protectively, protectiveness, unprotective+/ overprotect: overprotected, overprotecting, overprotection, overprotects/ protect: overprotect, protected, protecting, protection, protective, protector, protects/protected: unprotected/protecting: protectingly/ protection: protectionism, protections, self-protection/ protectionism: protectionist/protectionist: protectionists/ protector: protectors, protectorship/unprotected: unprotectedness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Trump signaled more protective U.S. trade policies, raising concerns about the impact on developing markets.
Reuters(Jan 03, 2017)
St. Thomas now requires female soccer players to wear protective headbands.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
As she grew older, Harriet became protective of her mother.
New York Times(Jan 12, 2012)
Back: adj. 保护的，防护的; 保护贸易的
分布：保护的(84%)，防卫的(16%)
adjective
 IMPROVER
■giving protection 保护性的，防护的
• protective clothing 防护服
• a protective mask and goggles 防护面具和护目镜
 IMPROVER
■wanting to protect someone from criticism, hurt, danger, etc. because you like them very much 对（某人）关切保护的；愿意做…保护人的
• It's easy to be too protective towards/of your children. 对自己的孩子容易过于呵护。
• She's fiercely protective of the man she married 29 years ago. 她对她29年前嫁的那个男人呵护备至。
adj. 防护的；关切保护的；保护贸易的
 - phylactic, shielded

Word: simplicity
Front: simplicity
[sɪmˈplɪsəti] (研四六托 7007/5613 -1)
Vocabulary: simplicity
(once / 271 pages)
n
Simplicity is a noun that means "the quality of being plain." The simplicity of your prom dress made you stand out in the sea of ruffles and sequins.
Simplicity describes a lack of ornamentation, like a Christmas tree that is only decorated with white lights instead of being fancied up with lots of ornaments, tinsel and multi-colored bulbs. The noun simplicity also means "freedom from hardship or effort" like the simplicity of hanging out on your porch. Simplicity also describes something easy to accomplish or understand.
WORD FAMILY
simplicity: simplicities+/oversimplification: oversimplifications/oversimplify: oversimplification, oversimplified, oversimplifies, oversimplifying/ simple: simmpleness, simpleness, simpler, simples, simplest, simplicity, simplify, simplism, simplistic, simply/simplification: simplifications/ simplify: oversimplify, simplification, simplified, simplifies, simplifying/simplism: simplisms/ simplistic: simplistically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Think Airbnb for cars, with selection, simplicity and lower prices.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
It’s an album about heroes and desires, passion and vision, simplicity and transcendence, all of them still very much a part of her music.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
For even more simplicity, consider low-cost target-date retirement funds that relieve you of the ongoing need to rebalance your accounts.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 简单，朴素; 质朴，天真; 卑贱; 无知
分布：简单(87%)，单纯(9%)，简朴(4%)
→来 自 拉 丁 语 simplicitatem, 简 单 的 ， 纯 朴 的 ， 来 自 simplex, 单 纯 的 ， 单 倍 的 ， 词 源 同 simple,simplex.
n.简单,简易;朴素;直率,单纯I like the simplicity of her dress.我喜欢她衣着的朴素.
US [-ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
EASY 容易
 ADVANCED
■when something is easy to understand or do 简单，简易
• The advantage of the plan is its simplicity. 这项计划的优点是简单易行。
• The examination was simplicity itself (= very easy). 考试非常简单。
UK [sɪm'plɪs.ɪ.ti] US [-ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
NATURAL 自然
■when something is ordinary, traditional or natural and not complicated 天真；纯朴
• The old people led a life of great simplicity (= with few possessions and little money). 这些老人过着十分简朴的生活，拥有的财产及金钱都不多。
UK [sɪm'plɪs.ɪ.ti] US [-ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
PLAIN 朴素
■when something is plain and has no decoration 朴素，简朴
n. 朴素；简易；天真；愚蠢
 - homeliness, austerity

Word: disapprove
Front: disapprove
[ˌdɪsəˈpru:v] (四 10671/8455 -K1)
Vocabulary: disapprove
(once / 584 pages)
v
To disapprove is to object to something, or frown on it. Your parents, worried about head injuries, might disapprove of your joining the football team.
You can say that you disapprove of violence in movies and video games, or that you disapprove of censorship of any kind. Almost everyone disapproves of things like drunk driving or being cruel to animals. In all of these examples, to disapprove is to believe something is wrong or bad. Originally, in the 15th century, the word meant "disprove," but by the mid-1600s the meaning shifted to "the reverse of approve."
WORD FAMILY
disapprove: disapproval, disapproved, disapproves, disapproving +/approbative: approbatively/ approval: approvals/ approve: approbative, approbatory, approval, approved, approver, approves, approving, disapprove /approver: approvers/approving: approvingly/ disapproval: disapprovals/ disapproving: disapprovingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The primary reason for this disuse is simple: Few presidents are willing to disapprove of rules imposed by their own administrations.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
A Quinnipiac University poll released this month found that 77 percent of respondents in New Jersey disapproved of the once-popular Christie's job performance.
Reuters(Dec 20, 2016)
Americans are evenly split on Trump’s transition so far, with 48 percent approving and 48 percent disapproving, according to a Gallup poll last week.
Washington Post(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: vi. 不赞成
vt. 反对，否决; 持相反的意见
时态：disapproved, disapproving, disapproves
分布：不赞成(100%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。approve, 批准，同意。
不赞成(dis不+approve赞成)[prob,prov=test表示"测试,证明"]
verb intransitive
 ADVANCED
■to feel that something or someone is bad, wrong, etc.; to not approve 反对；不赞成
• The survey showed that 32% of respondents approve, 54% disapprove and the rest are undecided. 这项调查表明32%的受访者赞成，54%反对，其余的人尚未拿定主意。
• I strongly disapprove of under-age drinking. 我强烈反对未达法定年龄者饮酒。
vt. 不赞成；不同意
 - take a dim view of, disagree with
vi. 不赞成；不喜欢
 - take a dim view of, have a dislike of

Word: canny
Front: canny
[ˈkæni] (托宝 19263/18523 -1)
Vocabulary: canny
(once / 1015 pages)
adj
If you're a canny investor, you know how to spend money to make money — that is, you're prudent, farsighted, and capable of protecting your own interests, particularly in matters of finance or business.
In contemporary usage, canny is a synonym for shrewd. Both words mean smart or sharp-witted, but they also suggest that someone is smart in a self-serving and possibly even tricky way. Canny is also related to the word cunning — another adjective meaning wise, but with negative connotations. Uncanny is not the opposite of canny — it means weird or unsettling.
WORD FAMILY
canny: cannier, canniest, cannily, uncanny +/ uncanny: uncannily
USAGE EXAMPLES
It will be interesting to watch one of the world’s most canny dealmakers enter the White House.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
While failure to deliver this may trigger volatility, investors reckon that will throw up opportunities for canny stock-pickers.
Reuters(Dec 22, 2016)
The deputies’ criminal trials are scheduled to begin early next year, Canny said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: adj. 精明的，狡猾的; 俭约的; 谨慎的
级别：cannier, canniest
分布：精明的(66%)，谨慎的(17%)，节俭的(12%)，狡诈的(5%)
→来自can, 知道，词源同cunning, uncanny。
【记】读：砍你－砍你的价－精明仔细的；节俭的读：看你！你长得是如此美丽，我怎能不精明仔细的看你呢？
adjective
CLEVER 聪明的
■thinking quickly and cleverly, especially in business or financial matters （尤指在生意或财务方面）精明的，机灵的
• These salesmen are a canny lot. 这些推销员是一帮精明的家伙。
['kæn.i] adjective
PLEASANT 令人愉快的 Northern and Scottish English good or pleasant 好的，令人愉快的
• a canny lad 不错的小伙子
adj. 精明的，谨慎的；节约的
 - economical, managing, saving, cautious, prudent

Word: deplore
Front: deplore
[dɪˈplɔ:(r)] (托雅宝 13986/9723 -1)
Vocabulary: deplore
(once / 577 pages)
v
The verb deplore is used to express strong disapproval of something. If you really, really hate the way your mom makes meatloaf, then it's safe to say you deplore it.
Deplore comes from Latin roots that mean to bewail or lament. So if you deplore something, you object to it because it brings you sorrow or grief. People often deplore things that they regret or feel bad about. You might deplore the inhumane treatment of animals or the deforestation of the Amazon. Or maybe you just deplore your wardrobe choices from middle school.
WORD FAMILY
deplore: deplorable, deplored, deplores, deploring+/ deplorable: deplorablest, deplorably
USAGE EXAMPLES
What is the trait you most deplore in yourself?
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
But he deplored what he described as a misguided policy toward Russia pursued by the U.S. and its allies both during his presidency and now.
Seattle Times(Dec 12, 2016)
But what happens when those extremists who advocate a bizarre morality that elevates selfishness and deplores altruism commandeer one of our two major political parties?
Salon(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: vt. 悲悼，哀叹; 谴责，强烈反对
时态：deplored, deploring, deplores
分布：谴责(78%)，悲叹(16%)，对 ... 深感遗憾(6%)
→de-, 向下，强调。-plor, 呼喊，呼叫，词源同explore, implore.比较declaim, denounce.
悲叹,痛惜(de坏+plore→不好的喊哭→悲叹)[plor=cry,weep,表示"喊,哭"]
【记】读：地破烂－一地的破烂儿－悲痛
【区】implore（vt 恳求）
【反】laud（vt 赞美；称赞）；accolade（v 赞美）；extol（v 赞美）；commend（vt 称赞；推荐；委托）；commend（vt 称赞）
US [-'plɔ:r] formal
verb transitive not continuous
■to say or think that something is very bad 对…表示遗憾；对…惋惜；反对；谴责
• We deeply deplore the loss of life. 我们对人员丧生深表遗憾。
• He said that he deplored all violence. 他说他反对一切暴力。
• UK The attitude of the Minister is to be deplored (= is very bad). 部长的态度应受到谴责。
vt. 谴责；悲悼；哀叹；对…深感遗憾
 - condemn, denounce

Word: genre
Front: genre
['ʒɒ̃rə] (托宝 4496/6747 -2)
Vocabulary: genre
(once / 1877 pages)
n
A genre is a specific type of music, film, or writing. Your favorite literary genre might be science fiction, and your favorite film genre might be horror flicks about cheerleaders. Go figure.
In music, genre refers to musical style such as jazz, salsa or rock. In film or literature, the genre is determined by the subject, setting or plot of the story. When you are wandering around a book store, books are usually arranged by genre. Many genres, such as "mystery" or "fantasy," overlap in film and literature, while others, such as "romantic comedy" in film or "historical fiction" in books, are specific to one or the other.
WORD FAMILY
genre: genres
USAGE EXAMPLES
Stanley Kubrick’s foray into the horror genre, now a classic, is still unsettling.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
To devotees of British comic opera, “The Mikado” is one of the pinnacles of the genre.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Is there a genre or category that your music fits into?
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 类型，种类; 体裁，样式; 风俗画
分布：类型(60%)，流派(40%)
→来自词根gen, 生育，词源同generate. 用于文学术语。
类型;流派(通常指文学等类型)[gen,gener,genit=birth,produce,表示"出生,产生"]
【记】gen种属－文学体裁；gene基因－种属－流派gen产生，re热（情）：一个文学流派可以让你产生热情
【区】genus（n 生物上的种属）产生gen我们us
noun countable /ˈʒɑÃ²ː.rə/ /ˈʒɒn-] formal
■a style, especially in the arts, that involves a particular set of characteristics （尤指艺术的）风格，类型，体裁
• What genre does the book fall into - comedy or tragedy? 这本书属于甚么体裁——喜剧还是悲剧？
• a literary/musical/film genre 文学体裁／音乐风格／电影类型
adjective]ˈʒɑː.rə/ /ˈʒɒn-/ produced according to a particular model or style 属于某类型的；按某种风格创作的
• a genre movie 类型电影
• genre fiction 类型小说
n. 类型；流派；风俗画
 - description, type, style, breed

Word: mercy
Front: mercy
[ˈmɜ:si] (高研四六雅 5244/4991 -2)
Vocabulary: mercy
(once / 81 pages)
n
Compassion leads you to have mercy, which is like forgiveness. If you have mercy on someone, you let them off the hook or are kind to them somehow.
This is a quality that has to do with compassion, forgiveness, and leniency. If convicted of a crime, you might plead for the judge's mercy, meaning a lesser punishment. When people say "May God have mercy on me!" they're asking for forgiveness. Mercy may be given or received. You might show your little cousin mercy by not forcing him to eat a worm. People jokingly say a bad singer is showing mercy if she ends the show early.
WORD FAMILY
mercy: mercies, merciful, merciless +/ merciful: mercifuler, mercifully, mercifulness, unmerciful/ merciless: mercilessly, mercilessness/unmerciful: unmercifully, unmercifulness
USAGE EXAMPLES
My goal is to stay solvent through the Super Bowl, then throw myself at the mercy of the courts.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
He asked for mercy from the judge and said he’s “deeply sorry.”
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
“But we are sure that goodness, compassion and mercy are more powerful than any weapon.”
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 宽容; 怜悯; 幸运; 侥幸
分布：怜悯(46%)，仁慈(27%)，宽恕(25%)，恩惠(2%)
→来自古法语merci,礼物，奖品，友善，来自拉丁语merx,商品，物品，词源同market,merchant.原指神对帮助弱者的人给予的礼物或奖励，本质上即通过交换或贸易来鼓励人们行善，后用于指上帝原谅其子民的冒犯和无知，并由此引申词义仁慈，怜悯。
n.仁慈,怜悯,宽恕It is a mercy that you did not go.你幸好没有去.
US ['mɝ:-] noun
KINDNESS 仁慈
 ADVANCED uncountable
■kindness and forgiveness shown towards someone you have authority over 慈悲，怜悯；仁慈，宽容
• She appealed to the judge to have mercy on her husband. 她请求法官宽恕她的丈夫。
• The prisoners pleaded for mercy. 囚犯都恳求从轻发落。
• The gunmen showed no mercy, killing innocent men and women. 那些枪手毫无怜悯之心，滥杀无辜的男男女女。
be at the mercy of sb/sth
 ADVANCED
■to be in a situation where someone or something has complete power over you 任由…的摆布，完全受…的支配
• Poor people are increasingly at the mercy of money-lenders. 穷人受放债人摆布的情况日益严重。
UK ['mɜ:.si] US ['mɝ:-] noun
EVENT/SITUATION 事件／情况
only singular
■an event or situation which you are grateful for because it stops something unpleasant 恩惠；解脱
• After months of suffering, his death was a mercy. 遭受了数月痛苦的折磨后，死对他来说是一种解脱。
• They were on a mercy mission to take food to the refugees when they were attacked. 他们遇袭时正在执行一项为难民运送食品的救援任务。
pity, sympathy, compassion, mercy
这组词都有“同情、怜悯”的意思，其区别是：
pity: 指对弱者、不幸者所表示的怜惜之情。
sympathy: 普通常用词，含义广。指志趣、看法上的一致，也指感情相投，带有深深的恻隐之心的亲切之情。
compassion: 较正式较庄重用词，指对同等人的同情与理解，常含急切愿意帮忙的意味。
mercy: 侧重指对应受惩罚或地位卑下者的慈悲或怜悯。
n. 仁慈，宽容；怜悯；幸运；善行
 - humanity, tolerance, kindness, charity, good

Word: flatten
Front: flatten
[ˈflætn] (六宝 7436/7612 -1)
Back: vt. & vi. 变平，使（某物）变平; 打倒，击倒; 使失去光泽
时态：flattened, flattening, flattens
分布：变平(72%)，使变平(16%)，打倒(12%)
→flat, 平的。-en, 使。引申词义打倒，摧毁。
【反】emboss（vt 饰以浮雕；使浮出来）
US ['flætˌ-] verb intransitive or transitive
BECOME LEVEL 变平
 ADVANCED
■to become level or cause something to become level （使）变平；把…弄平
• Several trees were flattened (= knocked down) by the storm. 暴风雨把几棵大树刮倒了。
• The path flattens (out) (= does not go up so much) as it reaches the top of the hill. 到达山顶时，这条小路变得平坦了。
UK ['flæt.ən] US ['flætˌ-] verb intransitive or transitive
MAKE THINNER 使薄
■to become level and thinner or to cause something to become level and thinner （使）变平坦；（使）变薄
• Flatten the pastry into a thin disc with your hands. 用手把油酥面团压成薄圆片。
• The biscuits will flatten out as they cook. 烘烤时饼干会变得扁平。
vt. 击败，摧毁；使……平坦
 - defeat, triumph over
vi. 变平；变单调
 - even

Word: disparate
Front: disparate
[ˈdɪspərət] (宝 8918/11798 -1)
Vocabulary: disparate
(once / 2144 pages)
adj
The trunk of some people's cars may contain items as disparate as old clothes, rotting food, and possibly a missing relative. Disparate things are very different from each other.
Near synonyms are unequal and dissimilar. The adjective disparate is from Latin disparātus, from disparāre "to separate, divide," from the prefix dis- "apart" plus parāre "to prepare." Disparate in the sense of "very different" probably developed by association with the Latin adjective dispar "unequal, different."
WORD FAMILY
disparate: disparately, disparateness, disparity +/ disparity: disparities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Fused into abstractions, the disparate pieces yield paintings that are as eventful as epic Renaissance canvasses.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
There are also many smaller militias—the estimates of the disparate Syrian forces exceed one thousand—that are not signatories.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
According to the CDC, these disparities occur as a result of disparate environmental and social conditions, as well as limited access to health care.
Slate(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 完全不同的; 从根本上种类有区分或不同的
分布：不同的(98%)，异类的(2%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。-par, 相等，相同，词源同part, peer. 即不在一个级别，迥然不同。
【记】dis不，par平等－不同的dis分开，parate＝prepare（准备）：分开准备因为不同
【参】disparity（n 职位、数量、质量不一致；不同）；parity（n 相等）
【反】homogeneous（adj 同类的）；like（adj 相似的）；analogous（adj 类似的；相似的）；similar（adj 相似的）
US [-pɚ.ət] formal
adjective
■different in every way 截然不同的，完全不同的，迥然不同的
• The two cultures were so utterly disparate that she found it hard to adapt from one to the other. 这两种文化截然不同，她发现很难由一种文化转而去适应另一种文化。
adj. 不同的；不相干的；全异的
 - different, diverse, unlike, varying, another

Word: skeleton
Front: skeleton
[ˈskelɪtn] (研六托雅宝 6474/5954 -2)
Vocabulary: skeleton
(once / 549 pages)
n
One thing every person (and most animals) in the world has in common is a skeleton: we all have a connected group of bones that help shape and support our bodies.
You probably see a lot of skeletons at Halloween, because they look a little spooky. They shouldn't scare you too much, because we all have skeletons under our skin and muscles. Skeletons give our body shape, and parts of the skeleton (like the skull) protect important organs (like the brain). Sometimes, the word skeleton is used to mean the "bare bones" of other things: the skeleton of a financial plan is a basic outline of that plan. If you said someone has a "skeleton in their closet," it means they're hiding something embarrassing or incriminating.
WORD FAMILY
skeleton: skeletons
USAGE EXAMPLES
Each of those contains a tiny embryo skeleton.
Science Magazine(Jan 02, 2017)
In the top panel of the piece, the artist’s astrology chart overlays an X-ray of his skeleton.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The National Conference of State Legislatures criticized such “skeleton bills” decades ago and in 1996 identified a dozen or so states that allowed such drafts.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. （建筑物等的）骨架; 骨骼; 梗概; 骨瘦如柴的人（或动物）
adj. 骨骼的; 骨瘦如柴的; 概略的; 基本的
分布：骨架(53%)，骨骼(35%)，骨骼的(6%)，纲要(3%)，家丑(2%)，骨瘦如柴的人或动物(1%)
→来自拉丁语 sceleton,骨骼，骨架，来自希腊语 skeleton soma,骨架，字面意思为干枯的身体， 来自 skeletos,干枯的，来自 skellein,使干燥，使硬化，词源同 sclerosis,shallow,soma,身体，词 源同 somatic,chromosome.引申比喻义梗概，纲要等。
n.骨骼;骨架,框架;梗概,提要A long illness made a skeleton out of him.长期的卧病使他骨瘦如柴.
US [-tˌən] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■the frame of bones supporting a human or animal body 骨骼，骨架
• We found an old sheep skeleton up on the cliffs. 我们在悬崖上发现了一副老绵羊的骨架。
• figurative Her long illness reduced her to a skeleton (= made her very thin). 长期的疾病使她瘦得只剩皮包骨了。
■the most basic form or structure of something 框架；架构；梗概，纲要
• The skeleton of my book is written/My book is in skeleton form - now I just have to add the details. 我的书已经有了架构——现在我只需要添加细节了。
UK ['skel.ɪ.tən] US [-tˌən] noun countable
skeleton in the/ your cupboard/closet
■an embarrassing secret 丑事，隐情
• Most families have one or two skeletons in the cupboard. 大多数家庭都有一两件家丑。
n. [测] [建] 骨架， [解剖] 骨骼；纲要；骨瘦如柴的人
 - framework, cadre
adj. [解剖] 骨骼的；骨瘦如柴的；概略的
 - boned, scrawny

Word: serra

Word: cull
Front: cull
[kʌl] (13212/14483 -1)
Vocabulary: cull
(once / 2447 pages)
1vn 2v
To cull means to select or gather. If you decide to make a literary anthology, you must cull the best possible stories and then arrange them in a pleasing manner.
When you use cull as a verb, the things you gather can be the good or bad ones from a group. In your garden, you can cull the good vegetables for dinner, or the rotten ones for the compost pile. In fact, often no judgment of quality is made, as when you cull information from the Internet for your next research project. The sorting through will come later. However, if you use the word as a noun, a cull is a selection of things you intend to reject, often in reference to a group of animals. An outbreak of a disease such as foot-and-mouth disease can cause authorities to order a cull of farm pigs.
WORD FAMILY
cull: culled, culling, culls
USAGE EXAMPLES
Culling and even safari hunting will restore humans’ rightful place as apex predator amid an explosion in crocodiles, some argue.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
More than 78 percent of South Korea's culled birds are egg-laying hens, according to the ministry statement.
Reuters(Dec 25, 2016)
Culled from our database of five years of 40 Eats, these are some of the Washington area's most essential desserts.
Washington Post(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: vt. 挑选，剔除; 采，摘（花）; 精选
n. 拣出的东西; 剔除
时态：culled, culling, culls
分布：剔除(86%)，拣选(14%)
→来自collect,收集。
verb transitive
■When people cull animals, they kill them, especially the weaker members of a particular group of them, in order to reduce or limit their number （为减少或限制数量而对动物）选择性宰杀，剔除（尤指病弱动物）
• The plan to cull large numbers of baby seals has angered environmental groups. 选择性捕杀大量小海豹的计划引起了环保组织的强烈愤慨。
[kʌl] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [often passive] cull sth from sth
■to collect ideas or information from various places 从…收集，采集，挑选（观点或资讯）
• Here are a few facts and figures I've culled from the week's papers. 这是我从这周的报纸上收集到的一些资料和资料。
vt. 精选；采集（鲜花等）；剔除
 - pick, handpick

Word: evacuate
Front: evacuate
[ɪˈvækjueɪt] (研四六托雅宝 6917/7751 -2)
Vocabulary: evacuate
(once / 714 pages)
1v 2v 3v
To evacuate is to flee, like how people leave an area when a hurricane is coming. It also means to empty something completely.
If you have to evacuate your home, something horrible is probably happening, like a natural disaster. People evacuate when something like a tornado or act of terrorism makes their homes unsafe. To evacuate also means to empty completely, in the bathroom-oriented sense of evacuating (emptying) your bowels. Similarly, if a chemist empties and therefore creates a vacuum in a flask, she has evacuated the flask. When you evacuate, you clear out.
WORD FAMILY
evacuate: evacuated, evacuates, evacuating, evacuation +/ evacuation: evacuations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Hundreds of people were evacuated from the port-city of Valparaiso, Chile, after forest fires set homes alight.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
People inside the store were evacuated and it was closed afterward.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Three wards were evacuated for several hours after Hayden used a lighter to burn paper in a cabinet.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: vt. 撤离，疏散; 排泄; 腾出（房子等）; 除清，抽空
vi. 排空（胃肠）; 疏散; 撤退
时态：evacuated, evacuating, evacuates
分布：疏散(80%)，撤出(12%)，排泄(8%)
→e-, 向外。-vac, 空的，词源同vacate, vacation.
腾空;清除;撤离(e出+vac+uate→空出去→撤空)[vac,van,void=empty表示"空"]
vt.撤离,疏散,排泄,剥夺We were evacuated from the polluted zone.我们从污染地区疏散.
【记】e出，vacu空－因出去而空－撤离
【参】vacant（adj 空虚的；空的）；vacuum（n 真空adj 真空的）；evacuation（n 撤退；走开）
【反】fill up（填满）；conquer（vt 征服；占领）；occupy（vt 占领）
verb intransitive or transitive
■to move people from a dangerous place to somewhere safe （把人从危险的地方）撤离，撤出，疏散，转移
• The police evacuated the village shortly before the explosion. 在爆炸前不久，员警将这个村庄里的人全都疏散了。
• A thousand people were evacuated from their homes following the floods. 洪水爆发后，有1000人撤离了他们的家园。
• When toxic fumes began to drift toward our homes, we were told to evacuate. 当毒雾开始朝我们住宅区方向飘移时，我们被通知撤离。
vt. 疏散，撤退；排泄
 - withdraw, beat a retreat
vi. 疏散；撤退；排泄
 - withdraw, beat a retreat

Word: hypocrisy
Front: hypocrisy
[hɪˈpɒkrəsi] (研 9213/10088 -1)
Vocabulary: hypocrisy
(once / 712 pages)
n
People who go to church but don't believe in god? People who are vegetarians on a moral basis but wear leather jackets? They are engaging in hypocrisy, or behavior that is different from what they say they believe.
A hypocrite is a person who practices hypocrisy: what they say is not what they do. The noun hypocrisy descends from the Greek hypokrisis "acting on a stage," from hypokrinesthai "to play a part, pretend," from the prefix hypo- "under" plus krinein "to judge." Many times kids are enraged by their parents' hypocrisy when parents make their children follow rules they don't follow themselves.
WORD FAMILY
hypocrisy: hypocrisies, hypocritical +/ hypocritical: hypocritically
USAGE EXAMPLES
“The political consequences are that it reduces U.S. leverage because of the perceived hypocrisy. The moral case is drastically undermined.”
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
I think it's the hypocrisy he dresses himself in that irked me most.
New York Times(Mar 27, 2013)
He accused conservatives of hypocrisy, saying they decry political correctness from liberals but act offended about issues such as the secularization of the Christmas holiday.
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 伪善，虚伪
分布：伪善(100%)
→来自希腊语hypokrisis,舞台表演，演戏，来自hypo-,在下，-kris,分开，筛选，评论，词源同crisis,critic.来自于古希腊时期的一种舞台表演形式，即边说边紧跟着发表看法，评论或进行阐释，引申词义表演，演戏。现义伪善，虚伪义可能来自于此，或来自hypo-,下面，欠缺，-kris,评论，观点，即不敢发表观点和看法的，掩饰真实情感的，引申词义伪善，虚伪。
伪善(hypo[hypo-表示"下面,次等"]+crisy)[crit,cris=judge,discern,表示"判断,分辨"]
n.伪善,虚伪We were cheated by his hypocrisy.我们都被他的伪善欺骗了.
US [-'pɑ:.krə-] noun uncountable disapproving
 ADVANCED
■when someone pretends to believe something that they do not really believe or that is the opposite of what they do or say at another time 虚伪，伪善
• There's one rule for her and another rule for everyone else and it's sheer hypocrisy. 对她是一种标准，而对所有其他人却是另一种标准，这是彻头彻尾的虚伪。
n. 虚伪；伪善
 - untruthfulness, falsity

Word: orthodoxy
Front: orthodoxy
[ˈɔ:θədɒksi] (10148/10302 -1)
Vocabulary: orthodoxy
(once / 1932 pages)
n
A widely accepted belief or theory is an orthodoxy. You could call the scientific theory of gravity an orthodoxy, since it's generally considered to be an established fact.
The word orthodoxy comes from the Greek root words orthos, which means right, true or straight, and doxa, opinion. So orthodoxy describes the one true opinion. The noun orthodoxy, pronounced "OR-thuh-dock-see," is most commonly used to talk about religious beliefs. When you conform to the orthodoxy of a particular religion, you follow its accepted doctrines, like a Christian's belief in an all-powerful God.
WORD FAMILY
orthodoxy: orthodoxies, unorthodoxy+/ orthodox: orthodoxest, orthodoxly, orthodoxy, unorthodox /unorthodoxy: unorthodoxies
USAGE EXAMPLES
It turns the page on a forty-year western economic orthodoxy - the liberal market consensus of Margaret Thatcher and Ronald Reagan.
BBC(Dec 23, 2016)
“Silence” argues against orthodoxy, but its messenger is too pallid.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Voters concluded that an ideology-free businessman would turn hope into change better than yet another bearer of liberal orthodoxy.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 正统; 正教，信奉正教; 正统派的观念[学说，做法等]; 正统性
分布：正教(51%)，正统说法(38%)，信奉正教(11%)
→来自orthodox,正统的。
US ['ɔ:r.θə.dɑ:k-] noun
countable
■the generally accepted beliefs of society at a particular time 正统观念；普遍接受的观念
• The current economic orthodoxy is of a free market and unregulated trade. 当前的正统经济观念，主张自由市场和无约束贸易。
countable or uncountable
■the traditional beliefs of a religious group or political party （宗教团体或政党的）正统信仰
• She is a strict defender of Catholic orthodoxy. 她是正统天主教的绝对捍卫者。
uncountable
■the degree to which someone believes in traditional religious or political ideas （对传统宗教或政治观点的）信奉程度
• His orthodoxy began to be seriously questioned by his parish priest. 教区牧师开始对他信教的虔诚度产生了深深的怀疑。
n. 正统；正教；正统说法
 - legitimacy

Word: ranch
Front: ranch
[rɑ:ntʃ] (六托 4036/14603 -1)
Vocabulary: ranch
(once / 322 pages)
nv
A ranch is a large farm that raises animals, generally grazing animals like cows or sheep. If you dream of raising big, strange-looking birds, you could decide to have an emu or an ostrich ranch instead.
Ranches raise animals for meat, and in the case of sheep or alpacas, for wool. When you work on a ranch, you can say that you ranch. A ranch is also a type of single-story, simple house architecturally influenced by the western, informal style of working ranches, which first appeared in the 1950s in the Western US. Ranch comes from the Spanish rancho, first "group of people who eat together" and later "group of farm huts."
WORD FAMILY
ranch: ranched, rancher, ranches, ranching+/rancher: ranchers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Banning Ranch Conservancy lawsuit was filed in Superior Court soon after the council's decision in 2012.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The nearly 140-square-mile preserve was purchased by the federal government in 2000 and managed as a working ranch for years.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The downturn for Nebraska farms and ranches crept into small town main streets across the state.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 大牧场，大农场; 牧场工作人员
vi. 经营牧场; 在牧场工作
vt. 经营牧场; 在牧场饲养…
时态：ranched, ranching, ranches
分布：牧场(100%)
→来自美式西班牙语 rancho,农场，农庄，来自西班牙语 rancho,一起吃饭的人，来自古法语 ranger, 扎寨，安营，安置，来自 rang,排列，布置，词源同 range,rank.
US [ræntʃ] noun countable
■a very large farm on which animals are kept, especially in North and South America （尤指美洲的）大牧场，大农场
• a cattle ranch 牧牛场
• a sheep ranch 牧羊场
• He went to work on a ranch. 他去一个大牧场工作了。
n. 大农场；大牧场
 - estancia, plantation

Word: battleground
Front: battleground
['bætlɡraʊnd] (高 12109/18831 -1)
Vocabulary: battleground
(once / 6574 pages)
n
A battleground is a piece of land on which a war or battle is fought. You can visit many of the battlegrounds of the US Civil War.
The literal meaning of battleground is just what it sounds like: the ground on which a battle has been waged. You can also use the word for the site of a figurative battle, like an election or a vote on a controversial issue. "Battleground states" are those in which the vote between two parties could swing either way, since neither holds a firm majority.
WORD FAMILY
battleground: battlegrounds
USAGE EXAMPLES
The DRC’s restive east remains a battleground for rival ethnic militias, with a recent upsurge of violence there a concern to many experts.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Both ads debuted on Sept. 16 — National Prisoners of War Remembrance Day — and played in heavy rotation in Ohio, Pennsylvania and other battleground states.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
SINGAPORE—A new battleground is emerging for China’s internet companies: a fast-growing market with almost double the U.S. population.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 战场; 论争的主题
分布：战场(98%)，战地(2%)
US ['bætˌ-] noun countable
■a battlefield
n. 战场
 - field, ground

Word: combatant
Front: combatant
[ˈkɒmbətənt] (10776/19284 -1)
Back: adj. 战斗的; 好斗的
n. 斗士; 战士; 争斗者; [体]队员
分布：参战者(100%)
US ['kɑ:m.bə.tənt] formal
noun countable
■a person who fights in a war 战斗人员，战士，斗士
n. 战士；争斗者
 - champion, fighter, warrior
adj. 战斗的；好斗的
 - fighting, aggressive

Word: fatigue
Front: fatigue
[fəˈti:g] (研四六托雅宝 4806/7858 -2)
Vocabulary: fatigue
(once / 249 pages)
1nv 2vn 3n
Swimming and playing volleyball at the beach can make you tired and pleasantly wiped out, but long hours filling and emptying a wheelbarrow of dirt on a hot day brings fatigue, a far more draining kind of exhaustion.
There is a noticeable difference between tiredness and fatigue. You can read a magazine or book before bed and get tired after a while, but if you work on math problems on a computer for a long time, you'll feel fatigue in your eyes, and maybe your brain will start to hurt. The Latin fatīgāre means to "tire out," "to fill to excess or to bursting." Even thinking about the Latin for fatigue brings some mental fatigue.
WORD FAMILY
fatigue: fatigued, fatigues, fatiguing, overfatigue+/ fatigued: fatiguedly/overfatigue: overfatigued, overfatiguing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Finally, as the turtle slowed down, he positioned the boat near the fatigued animal.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The nonprofit Jett Foundation collected data on falls, fatigue and other outcomes that the panel more or less ignored.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
He played 31 minutes in the loss and Doc Rivers said Paul experienced some fatigue after that game.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 疲劳，疲乏; 劳务杂役; （士兵穿的）工作服
vt. 使疲劳; 使疲乏
vi. 疲劳
时态：fatigued, fatiguing, fatigues
分布：疲劳(91%)，疲乏(4%)，疲劳的(4%)，劳务杂役(1%)
→fat-, 来自拉丁语fatisci, 拟声词，破裂声，开始裂开，-isci,起始动词后缀。-ig, 做，驱动，词源同exigent, agent. 即快断裂的，接近极限点的，词义引申人的极度疲劳，极限。
疲劳[fatig=weary(疲倦)]
n./v.(使)疲劳The patient fatigues easily.病人容易疲劳.
【记】fat的人que缺乏锻炼就容易劳累
【反】indefatigable（adj 不知疲倦的）－soon tired（很快疲倦）；energetic（adj 精力充沛的）
noun
TIREDNESS/WEAKNESS 疲惫／虚弱
uncountable formal
■extreme tiredness 疲惫，劳累
• She was suffering from fatigue and a stress-related illness. 她劳累不堪，还患了与压力有关的疾病。
uncountable specialized
■weakness in something, such as a metal part or structure, often caused by repeated bending （金属部件的）疲劳
• The crash was caused by metal fatigue in one of the propeller blades. 坠机事件是因一片螺旋桨叶发生金属疲劳造成的。
⇒ See also compassion fatigue
[fə'ti:g] noun
ARMY 军队
fatigues [plural] specialized
■a loose brownish green uniform worn by soldiers （士兵穿的）工作服，劳动服（一种宽松的暗绿色制服）
• army fatigues 军用工作服
■work such as cleaning or cooking, done by soldiers, often as punishment （打扫、帮厨等）士兵杂役（常作为惩罚）
• Get dressed right now or you'll find yourself on fatigues. 马上整装，否则罚你做杂役。
[fə'ti:g] verb transitive old use or formal
■to make someone extremely tired 使极度疲劳
• The journey had fatigued him. 旅途令他劳累不堪。
n. [生理] [心理] [力] 疲劳，疲乏；杂役
 - tiredness, weariness
vt. [生理] [心理] [力] 使疲劳；使心智衰弱
 - wear down
vi. [生理] [心理] [力] 疲劳
 - tire

Word: coax
Front: coax
[kəʊks] (托宝 8609/11754 -1)
Vocabulary: coax
(once / 791 pages)
1v 2n
When you coax someone, you try to convince him gently, with pleasant words and maybe a little flattery. You’ll have to be patient, as you can’t rush someone you’re trying to coax.
When you coax, you have to be nice about it – you can’t threaten or force. You put on a little charm and gently urge, so that the person or thing is happy about being coaxed. You might coax the runaway elephant back into the zoo by patting her gently and talking into her ear. If you wake up with a terrible bedhead, you might coax your hair back into place with the help of a little hair gel and a comb.
WORD FAMILY
coax: coaxed, coaxer, coaxes, coaxing+/coaxer: coaxers/coaxing: coaxingly, coaxings
USAGE EXAMPLES
GOP leaders may need these lawmakers to advance on replacement legislation; coaxing them to a middle ground might not be possible.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
She wept as friends coaxed her from the scene.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
He prodded and coaxed and constantly pushed for a confession.
Seattle Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: vt. 哄; 用好话劝诱; 哄骗; 轻轻地弄好
vi. 哄劝，劝诱
n. 同轴电缆; 花言巧语; 油嘴滑舌的人
时态：coaxed, coaxing, coaxes
分布：哄(86%)，诱骗(8%)，灵巧慢慢地做(6%)
→来自cock拼写异体，俚语义笨蛋。
【参】hoax（vt 欺骗；戏弄）；coaxial（adj 同轴的）
US [koʊks] verb transitive
■to persuade someone gently to do something or go somewhere, by being kind and patient, or by appearing to be 哄劝；哄骗；劝诱
• Perhaps you could coax your father into taking you to the station. 也许你能花言巧语说服父亲带你去车站。
• He has some information I want, so I'm going to try to coax it out of him over a drink. 他知道一些我想要的消息，所以我要设法在喝酒时从他那里把它套出来。
• A mother was coaxing her reluctant child into the water. 一位母亲正在哄劝不情愿的孩子下水。
• a coaxing voice 诱哄的口气
coax, urge, persuade, induce, counsel, convince
这组词都有“劝说，劝导，劝诱”的意思，其区别是：
coax: 指用好话善意或耐心劝诱、哄骗某人做某事。
urge: 语气强，指不断地热情地规劝诱导。
persuade: 普通用词，指通过劝说、感情交流等而使对方做劝说者所希望的事。
induce: 指用讲道理来使某人做某事。
counsel: 较正式用词，指对一些较重大事情所提出的劝告。有时也用于非正式场合，但仍强调严肃的一面。
convince: 指凭行动、事实或言语使他人从思想感情上信服。
vi. 哄骗；劝诱
 - trick, rope into

Word: chorus
Front: chorus
[ˈkɔ:rəs] (高研六托雅宝 5274/5335 -2)
Vocabulary: chorus
(once / 290 pages)
nv
A chorus is a group of singers or that catchy part of a song that repeats several times.
In ancient Greek tragedies, a khoros was a group of people that spoke in unison about the actions of the characters. And that's where we got the word chorus, which usually refers to a group of singers or performers, or the refrain of a song when a group of vocalists joins a soloist. A chorus of groans may follow a teacher's announcement of an upcoming test, which means that the entire class voices its dismay at the same time.
WORD FAMILY
chorus: chorused, choruses, chorusing, chorussed, chorussing
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Night of intoxication, O mad night!” the chorus sings.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
After the very last chorus, we dropped the sheets and were completely naked holding our groin areas.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Beneath brightly colored pictures featuring a wounded heart with wings, a chorus of students sang Michael Jackson’s “Man in the Mirror.”
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 合唱; 合唱队; （歌曲的）副歌; 合唱歌（曲）
vt. 合唱; 齐声背诵; 异口同声地说
时态：chorused, chorusing, choruses
分布：合唱(78%)，合唱队(16%)，歌舞队(4%)，副歌部分(1%)，齐声说道(1%)
→来自gher, 围，圈，词源同yard, 指围成一圈唱歌跳舞的人，后指合唱。
合唱(队)(chor+us表名词)[chor=sing,dance,表示"歌,舞"]
n.合唱队;合唱v.异口同声地说,随声附和The subordinate coordinates are in accordance with that set by the cordial chorus.从属坐标与热心的合唱团的设定值一致.
【记】cho臭，us我们：一堆人发臭－合唱团
US ['kɔ:r.əs] noun
SONG PART 歌曲部分
countable
■part of a song which is repeated several times, usually after each verse (= set of lines) or a piece of music written to be sung by a choir (= group of singers) （通常在歌曲每一节后的）副歌，合唱部分；合唱曲
• I'll sing the verses and I'd like you all to join in the chorus. 我唱独唱部分，我希望你们都加入合唱。
• The choir will be performing the Hallelujah Chorus at the concert. 唱诗班将在音乐会上演唱《哈利路亚大合唱》。
• They burst into a chorus of (= they sang the song) Happy Birthday. 他们突然开始齐唱“祝你生日快乐”。
UK ['kɔ:.rəs] US ['kɔ:r.əs] noun
SINGING GROUP 合唱团
countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■a group of people who are trained to sing together 合唱团，歌咏队
• He sings with the Los Angeles Gay Men's Chorus. 他在洛杉矶男同性恋合唱团演唱。
UK ['kɔ:.rəs] US ['kɔ:r.əs] noun
THEATRE GROUP 戏剧团
countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■a group of performers who, as a team, have a supporting position singing or dancing in a show 歌舞队；伴舞；伴唱
• She quickly left the chorus for a starring role. 她很快离开歌舞队去出演一个主要角色。
• a chorus girl 歌舞队女演员
only singular [+ sing/pl verb] specialized
■a group of male actors in ancient Greek plays who explained or gave opinions on what was happening in the play using music, poetry and dance （古希腊戏剧中解释剧情的）歌队，合唱队
UK ['kɔ:.rəs] US ['kɔ:r.əs] noun
SPEAKING TOGETHER 一起谈论
countable usually singular
■when many people speak together or say a similar thing at the same time 异口同声
• The newcomers added their voices to the chorus expressing delight at the result. 新来的人和大家一起为这个结果欢呼雀跃。
• There was a chorus of disapproval/complaint/condemnation at his words (= everyone complained together). 大家一致反对／抱怨／谴责他说的话。
UK ['kɔ:.rəs] US ['kɔ:r.əs] verb [T + speech] literary
■(of a group of people) to say similar things at the same time; to speak together 齐声说；异口同声地说
• "Not now," the children chorused in unison , "we're watching TV." “现在不要，”孩子齐声嚷道，“我们在看电视。”
n. 合唱队；齐声；歌舞队
 - choir
vt. 合唱；异口同声地说
 - choir
vi. 合唱；异口同声地说话
 - choir

Word: afield
Front: afield
[əˈfi:ld] (17251/9689 -1)
Vocabulary: afield
(once / 3350 pages)
adv
Afield means at a far distance. When you go far afield, you travel a very long way.
If your job takes you halfway around the world, you can say that you work far afield, and if you and your siblings live on different continents, your family is spread far afield. You'll almost always see the word "far" before afield, since it describes long distances. The word was originally a contraction of the Middle English in felde, from the Old English on felda, "in the field."
WORD FAMILY
afield
USAGE EXAMPLES
Rubin became an inspiration for women in science, especially, and further afield.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Cleaning up a river, Shaffer observed, means accounting for factors far afield of its immediate path.
The New Yorker(Dec 26, 2016)
Many universities say the rhetoric over immigration control is also jeopardizing recruitment of researchers and students from further afield.
Seattle Times(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: adv. 在战场上; 在野外; 远离着
分布：在或去远处(50%)，在野外(50%)
adverb
far/further afield
■a long distance away 远离
• We export our products to countries as far afield as Japan and Canada. 我们的产品出口远销到日本、加拿大等国。
• Our students come from Europe, Asia and even further afield. 我们的学生来自欧洲、亚洲甚至更远的地方。
adv. 在战场上；去野外；在远处；远离著
 - away, beyond

Word: pretext
Front: pretext
[ˈpri:tekst] (研六雅宝 13441/13929 -1)
Vocabulary: pretext
(once / 690 pages)
n
Pretext is a false reason given for doing something. If you catch your mother going through your drawers, and she says she was just tidying up, cleaning was her pretext for snooping.
Sometimes a government will try to take away its citizens' rights under the pretext of national security. Though pretext sounds like text that comes before other text, the text you see in it is actually more closely related to the word textile, meaning fabric. Its Latin root meant pretty much "to pull the wool over someone's eyes."
WORD FAMILY
pretext: pretexts
USAGE EXAMPLES
The pretext was to bomb the Islamic State; it was a ruse.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
Israel says the Palestinians are using the issue of settlements as a pretext to avoid direct talks.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Observers say the president’s initiative was the pretext for a series of pro-Catholic organisations – sponsored by big-money backers – to mobilise.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 借口，托辞; 假象，掩饰
vt. 借口，假托
分布：借口(97%)，以…为借口(3%)
→pre-,在前，早于，预先，-text,编织，词源同text,texture.比喻用法，即先编好的。
借口,托词(pre预先+text→预先编好的→借口)[text=weave,表示"编织"]
n.借口,托词From the context of the text, I find the next pretext for selling the textile.我从课文的前后关系中找到卖纺织品的下一个借口.
【记】pre前，text（n 课文）－提前想好的文章－借口
noun countable
■a pretended reason for doing something that is used to hide the real reason 借口，托词
• The border dispute was used as a pretext for military intervention. 边界纠纷被用作军事入侵的借口。
• I called her on the pretext of needing more information. 我借口需要更多的资讯而打了电话给她。
• He came round to see her on some flimsy (= obviously false) pretext. 他找了个明显站不住脚的借口来看她。
n. 借口；托辞
 - excuse, blind

Word: trough
Front: trough
[trɒf] (托 11006/8662 -1)
Vocabulary: trough
(once / 1367 pages)
1n 2n
If you live on a farm, you already know that a trough is what animals eat out of. The word actually refers to the shape of the container, and can mean anything that is low and hollowed out––a math curve, a depression in the ground.
In the olden days, people, like animals, ate from troughs. Gradually, we got fancy enough to divide our food between bowls and plates, but there is some lingering connection between the idea of trough and rough, peasant living.
WORD FAMILY
trough: troughs
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Republican governor attacked the corporate owners of most of the state’s newspapers as “special interests feeding like pigs at the government trough.”
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
A manger is a trough used to feed animals.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
So any heat, whether in the deepest troughs or near the surface, contributes to the deflection.
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 水槽，食槽; 低谷期; [航]深海漕; [气]低气压槽
分布：水槽(47%)，低谷(39%)，低潮(7%)，马槽(7%)
→来自古英语 trog,木制容器，盘子，来自 Proto-Germanic*trugaz,木制品，来自 teru,树， 木材，词源同 tree,tray.最终引申为现在的词义。
US [trɑ:f] noun countable
CONTAINER 容器
■a long narrow container without a lid that usually holds water or food for farm animals 槽；饮水槽；饲料槽
• cows at the feeding trough 在喂食槽吃草的牛
UK [trɒf] US [trɑ:f] noun countable
LOW POINT 低谷
■a low point in a regular series of high and low points 低谷；低谷期，萧条期
• Investing small amounts regularly is a good way of smoothing out the peaks and troughs of the stock market. 定期小额投资是均衡股市高峰和低谷的好办法。
■specialized
■(in the study of weather patterns) a long area of low air pressure between two areas of high air pressure 低压槽，槽形低压
• A trough of low pressure over hilly areas will bring heavy thunderstorms overnight. 丘陵地区上空的低气压槽将在一夜之间带来强雷阵雨。
UK [trɒf] US [trɑ:f] noun countable
have / get your snout in the trough
■to have or get a share of a supply of money or some other advantage which people eagerly and sometimes dishonestly take 便宜；不应得的利益
• The council had been handing out grants indiscriminately, and people were hurrying to get their snouts in the trough. 市政会一直在不加鉴别地分发补助金，结果人们都趋之若鹜地去捞一份。
UK [trɒf] US [trɑ:f] verb transitive informal
■to eat something quickly and eagerly, especially in large amounts 大吃；饕餮，狼吞虎咽（快速而热切地吃东西，尤指大量地吃）
• She was sitting there troughing chocolate. 她坐在那里大吃巧克力。
n. 水槽，水槽； [经] 低谷期；饲料槽； [气象] 低气压
 - tank, sink

Word: friction
Front: friction
[ˈfrɪkʃn] (高研四六托雅宝 7336/8497 -1)
Vocabulary: friction
(once / 1025 pages)
1n 2n
When one thing rubs and grates against another, it causes friction. That can include two clashing personalities or simply a match striking the matchbox and causing a spark.
A form of resistance, friction is caused by a chafing movement between two or more objects. In the 18th century, friction meant specifically a “resistance to motion,” but a few decades later grew to also describe disagreement or conflict. The friction between the brakes and your tires helps stop your car when you're going too fast. Not speeding in the first place can help avoid friction between you and the traffic police.
WORD FAMILY
friction: frictional, frictionless, frictions+/frictional: frictionally/frictionless: frictionlessly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The fuel was ignited by breaking fibers or friction.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Still, if not for regulatory friction companies would naturally seek the largest possible pool of investors for their shares.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
In addition, tidal friction caused by the moon’s gravity tugging on the Earth’s ocean also throws off the length of the planet’s rotation.
Time(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 摩擦; 冲突，不和; 摩擦力
分布：摩擦(82%)，摩擦力(17%)，分歧(1%)
→来自bher, 磨擦，转，词源同bore. -ct, 过去分词后缀。
n.磨擦,摩擦力The compact faction fractured because of friction.紧密小宗派由于摩擦破裂了.
【记】fiction（n 虚构；小说）描写人物friction
noun uncountable
FORCE 作用力
■the force which makes it difficult for one object to slide along the surface of another or to move through a liquid or gas 摩擦力；摩擦
• When you rub your hands together the friction produces heat. 揉搓双手时，摩擦会产生热量。
['frɪk.ʃən] noun uncountable
DISAGREEMENT 分歧
■disagreement or unfriendliness caused by people having different opinions （观点不同者之间的）摩擦，不和
• There's a lot of friction between my wife and my mother. 我妻子和我母亲之间有很多龃龉。
• Politics is a source of considerable friction in our family. 政治问题在我们家是矛盾的一大根源。
• Border clashes have led to increased friction between the two countries. 边境冲突引发了两国间更大的摩擦。
n. [力] 摩擦，摩擦力
 - attrition, frottage

Word: billboard
Front: billboard
[ˈbɪlbɔ:d] (7143/20359 -1)
Vocabulary: billboard
(once / 2920 pages)
n
A billboard is a giant roadside sign. You might pass several billboards on the highway advertising a car dealership, a restaurant, or anything else someone paid to have on a billboard big enough to be seen by passing cars.
When a company decides how to advertise, it may buy Internet ads, TV commercials, newspaper spreads, or billboard advertisements. A billboard is a good way for a business to catch people's attention, because it’s so big and a commuter may drive or walk past it five times a week. The word billboard first appeared in American English in the 1840s, meaning the board or wall where posters or handbills could be pasted. Billboard is also the name of a music magazine.
WORD FAMILY
billboard: billboards
USAGE EXAMPLES
Billboards, TV and radio adverts all portrayed him as the face of a state hungry for success and growth.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Her representative told Billboard the producers "set her up to fail".
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
At night it’s brightly illuminated by giant billboards and huge screens playing pop-music performances.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 广告牌; 告示牌
v. 宣传
分布：广告牌(88%)，宣传(12%)
US [-bɔ:rd] noun countable US for hoarding (ADVERTISEMENT)
n. [经] 广告牌；布告板
 - advertising board, advertisement board
vt. 宣传；介绍
 - recommend, present, publicize

Word: arrogant
Front: arrogant
[ˈærəgənt] (研六托雅宝 7597/7752 -2)
Vocabulary: arrogant
(once / 614 pages)
adj
Arrogant is an adjective for describing people who are too proud and look down on others, like supermodels who think their good looks give them a right to do whatever they want.
Arrogant derives from Latin arrogare "to claim," and the idea is that someone is claiming credit or advantages that they are not entitled to. It's close in meaning to haughty and supercilious, but both of those have connotations of coolness and perceived superiority that arrogant does not. An aristocrat could be called all three, but a customs official or traffic cop is more likely to be called arrogant than the other terms.
WORD FAMILY
arrogant: arrogance, arroganter, arrogantly+/ arrogance: arrogances
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Silicon Valley is arrogant and gets it wrong sometimes.”
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
This smooth, charming, brilliant but arrogant man continued to pick on Bush for the next four years as Bush himself said nary a word.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Earlier this year, I heard one of his colleagues describe a well-known but particularly shy scientist as extremely arrogant.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 傲慢的，自大的; 带有傲慢，出自傲慢; 骄慢; 骄
分布：傲慢的(67%)，自大的(33%)
傲慢的(ar+rog+ant→一再要求的→傲慢的)[Rog=ask表示"要求,问"]
a.傲慢的,自大的I resent your supercilious and arrogant attitude.我讨厌你这种目中无人的傲慢态度.
【记】ar一再，rog要求－一再要求－傲慢的arrow ant：一个想射箭的蚂蚁－傲慢自大的
【参】abrogate（vt 废除，取消）；interrogate（vt 审问，询问）
US ['er-] adjective
 ADVANCED
■unpleasantly proud and behaving as if you are more important than, or know more than, other people 傲慢的；狂妄自大的；趾高气扬的
• I found him arrogant and rude. 我觉得他这个人狂妄自大、粗鲁无礼。
haughty, arrogant, vain, proud
这组词都有“骄傲的，傲慢的”的意思，其区别是：
haughty: 较正式用词，多用于贬义。指对身份或地位比自己低的人采取冷淡、轻视或鄙互的态度。
arrogant: 用于贬义，指过高估计自己，以致骄傲自大或傲慢无礼，目中无人。
vain: 指一个对自己的外表或对自己留给别的印象太过分地关注，以致自命不凡，自鸣得意。
proud: 含义广，普通用词。褒义指自豪和荣耀以及强烈的自尊；贬义则指傲慢，自以为是或自鸣得意。
adj. 自大的，傲慢的
 - haughty, cocky

Word: baa
Front: baa
[bɑ:] (-/26750)
Vocabulary: baa
(once / 8596 pages)
nv
Use the word baa to describe the sound a sheep makes. A lamb might baa for its mother if it finds itself alone.
Every language has words that mimic the cries and noises animals make, and in English sheep and goats baa. In Dutch, sheep say bè bè, and in Japanese they say meh meh. The imitative word baa, first recorded in the late 1500s, can be either a noun or a verb, depending how you use it. Baa makes a famous appearance in the well-known children's song "Baa baa Black Sheep."
WORD FAMILY
baa: baaed, baaing
USAGE EXAMPLES
She was involved with promoting astronomy to a general audience as vice president of the BAA and edited the in-house journal.
BBC(Oct 04, 2016)
Mayeng was dropping his daughter off at the kindergarten in the Baan Ta Baa School when they were caught in the explosion.
Seattle Times(Sep 05, 2016)
The BAA wasn’t the first basketball league to be formed, and it had competition in the form of the National Basketball League.
Time(Jun 06, 2016)
Back: n. 羊叫声
vi. 羊叫
时态：baaed, baaing, baas
分布：咩咩叫(100%)
US [bæ] noun countable
■the sound that a sheep makes 羊的叫声
vi. （羊）咩咩叫
 - blat, bleat

Word: consciousness
Front: consciousness
[ˈkɒnʃəsnəs] (四六托 3224/2985 -3)
Vocabulary: consciousness
(once / 167 pages)
n
When you are awake and aware of your surroundings, that's consciousness. There are different types of consciousness, including social consciousness, being aware of injustices in society.
The early Latin word conscius meant "with knowing," but it meant a shared knowledge, a meaning that was retained through the 16th Century. John Locke was the first to describe consciousness in relation to the individual, referring to it as “the perception of what passes in a man’s own mind." If you lose consciousness during the performance, we'll wake you up with some smelling salts!
WORD FAMILY
consciousness: consciousnesses+/ conscious: consciously, consciousness, nonconscious, self-conscious, semiconscious, subconscious, unconscious / self-conscious: self-consciously, self-consciousness/semiconscious: semiconsciously, semiconsciousness/ subconscious: subconsciouses, subconsciously, subconsciousness/ unconscious: unconsciously, unconsciousness/unconsciousness: unconsciousnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Later still, a new cohort of scholars, influenced by postmodernism and cultural studies, looked at how human consciousness is shaped by language.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The poem’s emphasis on Odysseus’ cunning starts to seem like the celebration of the emergence of a new kind of consciousness.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Belief in the unseen is palpable, a collective consciousness powerful and present.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 意识，观念; 知觉; 觉悟; 感觉
分布：意识(78%)，知觉(16%)，觉悟(4%)，自觉(2%)
【记】con共同，sci知道，ious多：什么都知道－清醒
US ['kɑ:n-] noun uncountable
UNDERSTANDING 意识
 ADVANCED
■the state of understanding and realising something 意识；感觉；觉悟
• [+ that] Her consciousness that she's different makes her feel uneasy. 意识到自已与众不同，她感到很不自在。
• Working in an unemployment office had helped to raise his political consciousness. 在失业救济办公室工作帮助他提高了政治意识。
UK ['kɒn.tʃə.snəs] US ['kɑ:n-] noun uncountable
AWAKE 清醒
■the state of being awake, thinking and knowing what is happening around you 有意识的；神志清醒的；有知觉的
• He lost consciousness after his accident and never recovered/regained it. 事故发生后他便失去了知觉，再也没有苏醒过来。
n. [心理] 意识；知觉；觉悟；感觉
 - feel, aesthesia

Word: indifference
Front: indifference
[ɪnˈdɪfrəns] (托 8021/7765)
Vocabulary: indifference
(once / 301 pages)
n
Indifference is the trait of lacking interest or enthusiasm in things. When you feel indifference for something, you neither like it nor dislike it.
If you are a person who feels a lot of indifference, you probably say "eh," a lot. You just don't care much. Indifference can be compared to apathy, which means "lack of concern," though apathy is a little stronger: Apathy means you don't care whether your friends call you; indifference means you don't care what movie you end up seeing — you don't have a strong preference for any of the choices.
WORD FAMILY
indifference: indifferences+/ differ: differed, different, differing, differs/ difference: differences, differential, differentiate / different: difference, differently, indifferent / differential: differentially, differentials/ differentiate: dedifferentiate, differentiable, differentiated, differentiates, differentiating, differentiation, differentiator/differentiated: dedifferentiated, undifferentiated/ differentiation: dedifferentiation, differentiations/ indifferent: indifference, indifferenter, indifferently
USAGE EXAMPLES
We hope they finally see that treating budget victims with Scrooge-like indifference during protracted political standoffs does the public an incredible injustice.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
The stories got more and more extreme and just revealed a really cruel indifference to the way people were actually suffering.
Salon(Dec 25, 2016)
“Jesus was born rejected by some and regarded by many others with indifference,” he said.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 不重视，不在乎，漠不关心; 中立，中性; 冷淡; 无差
分布：漠不关心(86%)，不重视(12%)，无兴趣(2%)
→来自indifferent,冷淡的。
US [-ɚ-] noun uncountable
■lack of interest in someone or something 不感兴趣；漠不关心，冷淡
• Many native speakers of a language show indifference to/towards grammatical points. 许多人都不关注其母语的文法。
• His attitude was one of bored indifference. 他的态度既不耐烦又漠不关心。
n. 漠不关心；冷淡；不重视；中立
 - nonchalance, dryness

Word: modification
Front: modification
[ˌmɒdɪfɪˈkeɪʃn] (六 5523/3751)
Vocabulary: modification
(once / 532 pages)
n
A modification is a change or alteration, usually to make something work better.
If you want to change something — in other words, modify it — you need to make a modification. Lots of things require modification, because they get older or just because they can be improved. A car needs modification — in the form of snow tires — to be ready for the winter. Computer programs need modification all the time, because of new products or viruses. When you think of the word modification, think "change."
WORD FAMILY
modification: modifications+/modifiable: unmodifiable/ modified: unmodified / modifier: modifiers/ modify: modifiable, modification, modified, modifier, modifies, modifying
USAGE EXAMPLES
But Lounsbury placed 12th in the triathlon, which was at the Olympic distance, with a slight modification on the run.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“Many homeowners got similar types of modifications directly through their mortgage company and those were modeled on the HAMP program,” Cohen said.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
“The chief knock on it is the cumulative effect of modifications,” said Brad Sauls, supervisor of the agency’s National Register program.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 修改，修正，变更，改良，改进，缓和，减轻，限制; [语]修饰，（用变音符号的）母音改变; [生]诱发变异，变态，变体，变型
分布：修改(69%)，修饰(19%)，修正(12%)
→来自modify,修改，调整。引申词义改进等。
修正(modify+ic+ation)[mod=mode,manner,表示"方式,模式,风度"]
修改(modify修改)[-ification表名词,由ific变化而来]
US [ˌmɑ:.dɪ-] noun
CHANGE 改变
countable or uncountable
■a change to something, usually to improve it 改变，修改
• Modification of the engine to run on lead-free fuel is fairly simple. 把引擎改装成可使用无铅汽油是相当简单的事。
• A couple of modifications and the speech will be perfect. 只要稍加修改这篇演讲就完美无缺了。
UK [ˌmɒd.ɪ.fɪ'keɪ.ʃən] US [ˌmɑ:.dɪ-] noun
LANGUAGE 语言
uncountable specialized
■when one word or phrase modifies another 修饰
n. 修改，修正；改变
 - correction, alteration, changing, revision

Word: issuer
Front: issuer
[ˈiʃju:ə,ˈisju:ə] (14047/17764)
Back: n. 发行者
分布：发行者(95%)，开发票据的人(5%)
n. 发行人
 - publisher

Word: muddy
Front: muddy
[ˈmʌdi] (高四六宝 6484/7679 -1)
Vocabulary: muddy
(once / 680 pages)
adjv
Muddy is a verb that means to make dirty with mud. You might muddy up your mom's white shag rug if you don't take off your dirty hiking boots before you walk inside.
The meaning of muddy is easy to remember: just look at the root word mud and think about smearing it on something. Muddy is also an adjective that describes something that's dirty and messy. When you're a child, you often end up looking muddy after playing outside, because you've been splashing in puddles and playing in the leaves. Muddy can also describe soil that's waterlogged, like your vegetable garden after a big rainstorm.
WORD FAMILY
muddy: muddied, muddier, muddies, muddiest, muddily, muddiness, muddying+/mud: mudded, mudding, muddy, muds
USAGE EXAMPLES
For anyone who remembers the pre-Oslo years when Israeli soldiers patrolled the muddy streets of Gazalike target practice for Molotov cocktails, this is a disaster.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
A picture of muddy children’s gloves reminds you of the utter squalor that infected the whole site.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
So for the most part, they were left to wait along a muddy front until the next push forward.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 泥泞的; 暗的; 模糊的; 糊涂的
vt. 使沾上泥; 把…弄糊涂
vi. 变得泥泞，沾满烂泥
时态：muddied, muddying, muddies
分布：泥泞的(75%)，浑浊的(14%)，糊涂的(6%)，使沾上烂泥(2%)，使迷惑(2%)，使 ... 混浊(1%)
→来自mud,泥浆。
adjective
DIRTY 肮脏的
■covered by or containing mud (= wet, sticky earth) 泥泞的；浑浊的；黏满烂泥的
• Don't bring those muddy boots inside! 别把那双黏满烂泥的鞋子拿进来！
• muddy water 浑浊的水
['mʌd.i] adjective
COLOURS 颜色
■describes colours that are dark and not bright （颜色）灰暗的，暗淡的
• The sitting-room has been painted in muddy browns and greens. 客厅漆成灰暗的棕色和绿色。
['mʌd.i] verb transitive
■to put mud (= wet sticky earth) into something or cover something with mud 使黏上烂泥；使浑浊
• Industrial activity has muddied the river. 工业生产活动使这条河变得浑浊了。
['mʌd.i] verb transitive
muddy the waters
■to make a situation more confused and less easy to understand or deal with 把水搅浑，使变得更复杂
adj. 泥泞的；模糊的；混乱的
 - fuzzy, dark, chaotic, troubled, vague
vt. 使污浊；使沾上泥；把…弄糊涂
 - bedrabble

Word: stare
Front: stare
[steə(r)] (高研四六托 1131/1192 -K3)
Vocabulary: stare
(once / 81 pages)
vn
To stare is to fix your eyes on a subject. As hard as it might be to resist looking at them for long periods of time, it's not polite to stare at celebrities.
The noun stare is a certain kind of gaze — a long, intense one. The verb to stare is the act of staring, of locking one's eyes somewhere. When one stares at something, one looks at it for a long period of time, often with great intensity and without blinking. That's why one loses a staring contest when one blinks. Try not to stare at people when they're eating. It's rude! A stare is usually more intense and creepier than a gaze.
WORD FAMILY
stare: stared, starer, stares, staring +/starer: starers/ staring: staringer
USAGE EXAMPLES
There were kids in soccer gear and a woman in a sari staring at her cellphone.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
The staring, the double looks, the raised eyebrows.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
The men stared at the crowd, then back at me with wild eyes.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vi. 盯着看; 显眼; 倒立，直竖起
vt. 凝视; 盯着他的眼睛
n. 凝视，瞪视
时态：stared, staring, stares
分布：凝视(80%)，盯着看(20%)
→来自古英语 starian,凝视，目不转睛，来自 Proto-Germanic*staren,僵硬，变直，来自 ster, 僵的，硬的，固定的，词源同 stark,startle,sterile.
v.(at)盯,凝视His parents apparently stare at the transparent cigarettes.他父母显然凝视着透明香烟.
US [ster] verb intransitive or transitive
 ADVANCED
■to look for a long time with the eyes wide open, especially when surprised, frightened or thinking （尤指惊讶、害怕或思考时）盯着看，凝视，注视
• Don't stare at people like that, it's rude. 不要那样盯着人看，很不礼貌。
• Chuck sat quietly for hours staring into the distance, thinking of what might have been. 查克静静地坐了几个钟头，凝视着远方，寻思着事情本来可能会有的另一番发展。
• During the press conference, each boxer tried to stare the other down / UK alsoout (= force the other to look away by continual staring). 记者招待会上两位拳击手都瞪大双眼直视对方，想把对方压倒。
UK [steər] US [ster] verb intransitive or transitive
be staring at sth
■If you are staring at a bad situation or problem, you know you must experience it or deal with it very soon 面对，正视（糟糕的局面或问题）
• By late in the first half United were staring at a seven-goal deficit and almost certain defeat. 上半场后半段联队落后七分，基本上是必输无疑了。
UK [steər] US [ster] verb intransitive or transitive
stare sb in the face informal
■If something stares someone in the face, it is very easy to see or obvious 对（某人）来说显而易见；对（某人）来说是明摆着的
• The answer has been staring us in the face all along! 答案一直就摆明在我们面前！
UK [steər] US [ster] noun countable
■when you look at something or someone for a long time 凝视，注视
• She gave him a long stare but didn't answer his question. 她久久地凝视着他，但没有回答他的问题。
peer, peep, gape, glance, stare, gaze, glare, glimpse
这组词都有“看”的意思，其区别是：
peer: v.指眯起眼睛仔细看，尤指看不清楚的情况下；费力地看，凝视。
 • Being somewhat short-sighted, she has the habit of peering at people.   因为有点近视，她有眯着眼睛看人的习惯。
peep: v.窥视，偷看。
 • The mother peeped into the bedroom to see if her child was asleep.   母亲偷偷向卧室看了一下，看她的孩子是否睡着了。
gape: v. (张着嘴、瞪大眼睛)呆看，强调一种吃惊的状态。
 • The children gaped at the big elephant in the zoo.   在动物园，孩子们张大了嘴巴呆呆地看着大象。
glance: v. (粗略地、随便地)一瞥，看一眼。
 • He glanced over the letter he had just received.   他把刚收到的那封信粗略地看了一遍。
stare: v.凝视，盯着，指由于好奇、惊讶、赞叹等原因而瞪大眼睛长时间地、直接地注视，常常含有粗鲁无礼的意思。
 • I told my son to stop staring at that fat woman; it wasn't nice.   我告诉儿子不要盯着那个胖女人，那样看人不礼貌。
gaze: v.凝视，注视，指由于好奇、感叹、长时间目不转睛地看。
 • She gazed at her beautiful new diamond ring.   她凝视着自己的这颗美丽崭新的钻戒。
glare: v.怒目而视，强调怀有敌意或在气愤的情绪下看；眩目地照射。
 • The woman glared at the man after he shouted rudely at her.   那男人粗暴地冲她大声喊叫，她也怒目而视。
glimpse: v.与glance意思相近，短促地看一眼，一瞥。
vi. 凝视，盯着看；显眼
 - pore, peer at
vt. 凝视，盯着看
 - peer at, gaze at
n. 凝视；注视
 - regard, gaze

Word: prudence
Front: prudence
['pru:dns] (研宝 14974/14272)
Vocabulary: prudence
(once / 358 pages)
n
Use the noun prudence to describe sensible decisions about everyday life, like the prudence of people who spend their money wisely, saving as much as they can.
Prudence can also describe the skill of side-stepping trouble or embarrassment, like having the prudence to avoid risks or the prudence to prepare for the unexpected, like packing a change of clothes in case the weather changes or your dinner reservations turn out to be at a fancy restaurant. Prudence comes from the Latin word prudentia, which means "foresight, sagacity."
WORD FAMILY
prudence: prudences, prudential+/ imprudence: imprudences/ imprudent: imprudence, imprudenter, imprudently/ prudent: imprudent, prudence, prudenter, prudentest, prudently/prudential: prudentially
USAGE EXAMPLES
And so each celebrity death was greeted, with black humor, as an act of prudence.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Dear Prudence, My husband and I recently moved into his children’s school district.
Slate(Dec 28, 2016)
Ask me your questions on the voice mail of the Dear Prudence podcast.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 谨慎; 节俭; 精明
分布：审慎(67%)，深谋远虑(17%)，节俭(16%)
【记】prud小心，ence读：不rude（adj 粗俗的）nce－不粗俗－谨慎小心
【反】prudent（adj 谨慎的；精明的）－fool（adj 傻的）
N-UNCOUNT
谨慎；慎重；精明
Prudence is care and good sense that someone shows when making a decision or taking action.
例：Western businessmen are showing remarkable prudence in investing in the region...西方商人在向该地区投资时表现出非同一般的深谋远虑。
例：A lack of prudence may lead to financial problems.不够谨慎可能会导致财政上出现问题。
n. 审慎
 - deliberateness

Word: polymer
Front: polymer
[ˈpɒlɪmə(r)] (六 10292/5229 -1)
Vocabulary: polymer
(once / 23592 pages)
n
A polymer is a very large, chain-like molecule made up of monomers, which are small molecules. It can be naturally occurring or synthetic.
What's a mer? — you might ask. Well, it means "part," and it works only as a suffix. Since poly- means "many," a polymer means "many parts." You'll find polymers everywhere: they're what make spandex stretch and sneakers bounce. They're the plastic drink bottles that you're always careful to recycle. Natural polymers include leather, rubber, and even the cellulose in your french fries and the protein in your chicken nuggets.
WORD FAMILY
polymer: polymeric, polymerise, polymerize, polymers+/polymerise: copolymerise, polymerisation/polymerize: copolymerize, polymerization, polymerized, polymerizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Woburn, Mass., company is working on “solid” lithium polymer batteries that greatly reduce their combustible nature.
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Casey creates a prototype, now using polymer clay instead of salted dough, and sends it to the sourcing agent, who puts the design into production.
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
What's needed is a more integrated approach to designing and regulating polymers in biomedicine.
Nature(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 多聚物; [高分子] 聚合物
分布：聚合体(100%)
→poly-,多，复，聚，-mer,部分，词源同merit,isomer,monomer.
US ['pɑ:.lɪ.mɚ] specialized
noun countable
■a chemical substance consisting of large molecules made from many smaller and simpler molecules 聚合物，聚合体
• Many polymers, such as nylon, are artificial. 许多聚合物是人造的，比如说尼龙。
• Proteins and DNA are natural polymers. 蛋白质和去氧核糖核酸都是天然聚合体。
n. [高分子] [有化] 聚合物
 - dendrimer

Word: reed
Front: reed
[ri:d] (研四六托宝 8359/7220 -1)
Vocabulary: reed
(once / 942 pages)
1n 2n
A reed is a woody plant with long, slender leaves. Reeds need a lot of moisture, and they usually grow in or near a marsh.
The stalk of a reed plant is also called a reed, and it's from this stiff, wood-like material that reeds for certain musical instruments were first made. Many reed instruments, including the clarinet, still use reeds made from reed — specifically, a bamboo-like reed that is native to marshy Mediterranean areas. When a musician blows across her mouthpiece, the reed vibrates to make the sound.
WORD FAMILY
reed: reedlike, reeds, reedy+/reedy: reedier, reedily
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sit back on my raft of reeds, I float past fields and towns.
Washington Post(Nov 30, 2016)
A strong smell hangs in the air - a swam of flies buzzes off dead goats in a kraal, or compound, fenced with papyrus reeds.
BBC(Dec 02, 2016)
A few minutes later, Colbert clung to a slender reed of hope by declaring the election still too close to call.
Seattle Times(Nov 08, 2016)
Back: n. 芦苇; 芦苇杆; [乐]舌簧
分布：芦苇(73%)，簧片(19%)，芦笛(8%)
→来自古英语 hreod,芦苇，来自 Proto-Germanic*kreut,芦苇，可能来自 sker,弯，转，编织， 词源同 ring,cradle.
n.芦苇,苇丛;芦笛,牧笛We need reed needles to speed the deed indeed.我们确实需要一些芦苇针来加快行动.
noun countable
■(the hollow stem of) any of various types of tall, stiff plants like grasses growing together in groups near water 芦苇（秆）
■a thin piece of wood or metal which shakes very quickly to produce sound when a musician blows over it （吹奏乐器的）簧片，簧舌
n. [作物] 芦苇；簧片；牧笛；不可依靠的人
 - Phragmites, phragmites communis

Word: apologise
Front: apologise
[ə'pɒlədʒaɪz] (研 -/5315)
Vocabulary: apologise
(once / 1637 pages)
v
Apologise is the British English spelling of the verb apologize. So if you need to say you're sorry for something you did in London, you should apologise.
Apologise comes from Greek word apologia, which means "a speech in defense of something." So use the verb apologise if you are making an excuse for, defending, or explaining some action. If you "accidentally" ate the last piece of pizza without offering it to anyone else and then burped in everyone's face at the table, you should probably apologise.
WORD FAMILY
apologise: apologised, apologises, apologising+/ apologetic: apologetically, unapologetic / apologist: apologists/ apologize: apologized, apologizes, apologizing/ apology: apologetic, apologies, apologise, apologist, apologize / unapologetic: unapologetically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr Mathies apologised for a police tweet which referred to checks on "Nafris" - a police abbreviation for "North African offenders".
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Bolt then tweeted to confirm it was indeed him, with Henry replying to him apologising and telling him to call again soon.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Certainly it is rare to hear of parents apologising for the sins of their children globally.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 道歉
时态：apologised, apologising, apologises
分布：道歉(99%)，=apologize.(1%)
v.(to,for)道歉,认错He apologised for taking my hat.他因为拿错了我的帽子而道歉.
vi. 道歉（等于apologize）
 - square oneself, apologize for, make an apology

Word: provocation
Front: provocation
[ˌprɒvəˈkeɪʃn] (研托宝 12608/9996 -1)
Vocabulary: provocation
(once / 1258 pages)
n
A provocation makes someone angry or sometimes even violent. Telling a professional boxer how ugly he is would be considered a provocation — one that might get you punched in the face.
Provocation is the act of provoking someone — doing something just to get a reaction. During election season, opponents sometimes use provocation to try to ruin one another's reputation. However, sometimes it backfires and the one doing the provoking, looking like a bully, loses votes. Some celebrities whose stars are fading use provocation like making scandalous statements to try to keep their names in the headlines.
WORD FAMILY
provocation: provocations+/ provocative: provocatively, unprovocative/ provoke: provocation, provocative, provoked, provoker, provokes, provoking/provoked: unprovoked /provoker: provokers/provoking: provokingest, provokingly, unprovoking/ unprovoked: unprovokedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Decius says that he isn’t concerned about Trump’s seeming fondness for Russia; in his view, thoughtless provocations would be much more dangerous.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
That means arresting the person who started an altercation, even if that provocation was verbal.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Getting kicked off Twitter hardly stopped Yiannopoulos in his tracks, but it did deny him a major platform for his provocations.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 挑衅，挑拨; 激怒，刺激; 愤怒; 愤怒的原因
分布：挑衅(86%)，激怒(11%)，激怒的原因(3%)
→来自provoke,挑衅，激怒，-ation,名词后缀。
激怒(provoke激怒)[-ation表名词"行为,过程,结果"]
US [ˌprɑ:.və-] noun countable or uncountable
■an action or statement that is intended to make someone angry 激怒；挑衅；挑衅的话
• He'd fly into a rage at the slightest provocation. 哪怕是稍稍惹他一下他都会勃然大怒。
n. 挑衅；激怒；挑拨
 - wrath, irritation

Word: banco
Front: banco
['bæŋkɒ] (39788/27031)
Back: n. 审判官席
分布：一种赌注(100%)
n. 银行；牛轭湖；审判官席
 - banking house, banka

Word: contention
Front: contention
[kənˈtenʃn] (研托雅宝 6547/6972 -2)
Vocabulary: contention
(once / 632 pages)
n
There is nothing "content," or satisfying, about being in contention, and that's probably because the word contention means being in a competition that ends with one side, usually the winning one, being content.
"And in this corner, the contender" is heard at most boxing matches to describe each of the fighters about to go into contention in the ring. Sometimes, though, a contention can be a battle of words or a struggle between two parties over a single point. The expression "bone of contention" describes a narrow object of disagreement that reaches the level of strife, or contention. For two hungry dogs, though, the bone of contention might be a serious matter.
WORD FAMILY
contention: contentions, contentious +/ contend: contended, contender, contending, contends, contention / contender: contenders/ contentious: contentiously, contentiousness, noncontentious
USAGE EXAMPLES
Peterson said Monday he was unable to play, even if the Vikings remained in contention for the playoffs.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
That point of contention snared the Los Angeles rapper’s attention.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Lamar Jackson’s achievement as Louisville’s first Heisman Trophy winner raised expectations for him to lead the Cardinals into national championship contention.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 竞争，争论; 争夺; 论点
分布：争论(41%)，论点(30%)，争夺(24%)，争辩(5%)
→来自contend, 声称，争议。
【记】con共同，tent拉－你拉我夺－争论
【参】abstention（n 节制）；attentive（adj 关心的）；
【反】general agreement（一致同意）
noun]kənˈtent.ʃən/
DISAGREEMENT 不和
uncountable
■the disagreement that results from opposing arguments 争论；纷争；口角
• There's a lot of contention about that issue - for every person firmly in favour, there's someone fiercely against it. 那个问题争议很多——有一人坚决支持，就有一人激烈反对。
• The matter has been settled - it's no longer in contention. 这个问题已经解决——不再有争议。
noun]kənˈtent.ʃən/
OPINION 观点
countable slightly formal
■an opinion expressed in an argument 论点；主张；看法
• [+ that] It is her contention that exercise is more important than diet if you want to lose weight. 她的看法是，要想减肥，锻炼比节食更重要。
noun]kənˈtent.ʃən/
IN A COMPETITION 比赛中
be in/out of contention for sth
■to be able/not able to achieve or win something, especially in sport （尤指在体育运动中）有／没机会赢得…
• This decisive defeat puts them out of contention for this year's championship finals. 这次决定性的失利使他们无缘进入今年的冠军决赛。
n. 争论，争辩；争夺；论点
 - thesis, combat

Word: vigour
Front: vigour
[ˈvɪgə(r)] (六 -/7600 -1)
Back: n. 精力，活力; 气势; 强健; 有力行动
vigor的变体
分布：精力(100%)
US [-ɚ] noun uncountable
■strength, energy or enthusiasm 体力；精力；活力
• They set about their work with youthful vigour and enthusiasm. 他们带着年轻人的活力与热情开始了工作。
■strength of thought, opinion, expression, etc. （思想、观点等的）气势，力量
• His book is written with considerable vigour. 他写的书文笔铿锵有力。
might, strength, power, vigour, force, energy
这组词都有“力”的意思，其区别是：
might: 多指巨大或超人的力量。
strength: 指机体内部的能力，是依靠身体组织而存在的力，经使用就变为force。
power: 最普通用词，泛指一切力量或能力等。
vigour: 指由生命元气的存在所产生的活力、精力。
force: 着重指克服障碍，推动人或物朝所要求的方向运动或能产生明显效应的力量。
energy: 用于人时，指工作时焕发出的精力或干劲。
n. 活力；气势
 - vitality, energy, spring

Word: juicy
Front: juicy
[ˈdʒu:si] (高托 8742/14477 -1)
Vocabulary: juicy
(once / 2511 pages)
1adj 2adj
Something that's juicy is so moist that it's dripping with juice. There is nothing quite like eating a juicy, ripe peach in the summer.
Perfect peaches and oranges and pears should be juicy when you bite into them. Aside from fruit, people also commonly describe meat as juicy. A story might be figuratively juicy too, if it's full of intriguing, gossipy details: "Did you read about that juicy scandal in the mayor's office?" Juicy comes from the Old French jus, "juice," with the Latin root ius, "broth, sauce, or juice."
WORD FAMILY
juicy: juicier, juiciest, juicily, juiciness+/ juice: juiceless, juices, juicy
USAGE EXAMPLES
But it’s too early to know the juicy details, he said.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Again, seafood stands out: simple roasted whole bass, tangy slow-cooked octopus carnitas and juicy roast chicken, infused with campfire aromas.
New York Times(Nov 25, 2016)
Movies are going to have to sell themselves—juicy rumor or not.
Time(Nov 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 多汁的; 有趣的; 刺激性强的; 报酬多的
级别：juicier, juiciest
分布：多汁的(74%)，有趣的(19%)，利润丰厚的(7%)
→来自juice,果汁，肉汁。即多汁的，引申词义妙趣横生的，刺激的。
adjective
LIQUID 液体
■Juicy foods contain a lot of juice, which makes them very enjoyable to eat 多汁的
• a nice juicy orange/steak 香甜多汁的柳橙／多汁味美的牛排
['dʒu:.si] adjective
GOOD 好的
[before noun] informal
■big, important, or of a high quality 大的；重要的；高品质的
• If sales continue like this, we should be showing a nice juicy profit at the end of the year. 如果销售量照这样保持下去，年底我们的利润会很丰厚。
[before noun] informal
■describes information that is especially interesting because it is shocking or personal （资讯）生动有趣的，富刺激性的
• I've got some really juicy gossip for you. 我有些有趣的小道消息要告诉你。
adj. [食品] 多汁的；利润多的；生动的
 - telling, live, vivid

Word: embryonic
Front: embryonic
[ˌembriˈɒnɪk] (托宝 10348/14718)
Vocabulary: embryonic
(once / 2727 pages)
adj
If something is described as embryonic, it's just starting to develop or come together. An "embryo" is a person or animal that is still growing in the womb or egg, and embryonic means "like an embryo."
The idea for Facebook was still embryonic when its creators agreed to be partners. At that early stage, none of them could have imagined what an enormous company it would become. Scientists working on embryonic stem-cell research are working on stem cells from embryos, which have special properties not found in any other cells. Our relationship was still embryonic when you suggested we move in together, but for me, the first date is way too early to think about such things.
WORD FAMILY
embryonic: embryology, embryonically+/ embryo: embryonal, embryonic, embryos, embryotic/embryologic: embryologically/embryologist: embryologists/embryology: embryologic, embryologist
USAGE EXAMPLES
The four genes encode Yamanaka factors, which are essential for embryonic development, but usually cause tumours when expressed long-term in animals.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
It is unclear how much contact there is between the embryonic policy teams in New York and the landing teams in Washington, however.
The Guardian(Dec 18, 2016)
The four genes are so powerful that they will reprogram even the genome of skin or intestinal cells back to the embryonic state.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 胚芽的，胎儿的; 初期的
分布：胚胎的(65%)，萌芽期的(35%)
→来自embryo, 胚胎。
【记】小孩还在embryo的时候就应该为他embroider一个肚兜doodle（v 涂鸦）读：肚兜（随时回忆）
【参】embryo（n 胚胎adj 胚胎的）
US [-'ɑ:.nɪk] adjective
■relating to an embryo 胚的，胚胎的
[before noun] formal
■starting to develop 萌芽期的；刚起步的；未成熟的
• The project is still at an embryonic stage. 这个专案仍处于刚起步阶段。

Word: eyebrow
Front: eyebrow
[ˈaɪbraʊ] (研 4465/4620 -2)
Vocabulary: eyebrow
(once / 522 pages)
n
Your eyebrows are the curved areas of hair on your face above each of your eyes. The purpose of eyebrows is to keep dust and sweat from getting in your eyes.
Eyebrows help protect your eyes, but they're also an expressive part of your face, often giving away your mood instantly — especially ones like surprise or anger. While just about everyone can raise and lower both eyebrows together, only some of us can move them independently of each other. The size and shape of eyebrows varies widely from person to person, and many people pluck individual hairs from their eyebrows to shape and thin them.
WORD FAMILY
eyebrow: eyebrows
USAGE EXAMPLES
The staring, the double looks, the raised eyebrows.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
“Her advice would be to keep true to yourself and don’t lose yourself. Or your eyebrows,” Lourd told Vanity Fair.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
She plays with her eyebrows a lot, and she never did that before.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 眉毛
v. 为…描眉
分布：眉毛(100%)
n.眉毛I threw a row of arrows, which narrowly passed the narrow-minded man's eyebrows.我掷了一排箭,箭紧擦心胸狭窄的人的眉毛而过.
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■the line of short hairs above each eye in humans 眉，眉毛
• Do you pluck your eyebrows (= remove some of the hairs to change their shape) ? 你修眉毛吗？
• He's got really bushy (= thick) eyebrows. 他的眉毛很浓。
['aɪ.braʊ] noun countable
raise your eyebrows
■to show surprise by moving your eyebrows upwards 扬起眉毛（表示惊讶）
n. [解剖] 眉毛
 - valla, brovo

Word: stain
Front: stain
[steɪn] (高研四六托雅宝 6708/5778 -2)
Back: vi. 弄脏; 污染; 被玷污
vt. 玷污，染污; 败坏（名声）; 给…染色
n. 污点; 瑕疵; 着色剂; 色斑
时态：stained, staining, stains
分布：污点(48%)，着色(11%)，弄脏(9%)，着色剂(9%)，玷污(9%)，染料(7%)，瑕疵(7%)
→来自中古英语 steinen,涂彩，着色，来自古诺斯语 steina,涂彩，着色，来自 steinn,石头，矿石， 矿物蓝，颜色，色彩，来自 Proto-Germanic*stainaz,石头，词源同 stone.其原义可能是将有颜 色的矿石磨粉后用于涂色，如中国古代常用的朱砂就是一种非常重要的颜色原料，后引申词 义弄脏，玷污，斑点，污渍等。
尽力拉;工作过度[stirain,striet,string=tighten,表示"拉紧"]
n.污点,瑕疵v.沾污;染色White cloth stains easily.白布容易弄脏.
verb
MARK 痕迹
 ADVANCED intransitive or transitive
■to leave a mark on something which is difficult to remove 沾污，染污；留下污迹
• Tomato sauce stains terribly - it's really difficult to get it out of clothes. 蕃茄酱一沾上就很麻烦——很难把它从衣服上洗掉。
• While she was changing the wheel on her car, her coat had become stained with oil. 她帮汽车换轮胎时，外套沾上了油污。
intransitive
■If a material stains, it absorbs substances easily causing it to become covered with marks, or coloured by a chemical 易染污；易着色
• This carpet is ideal for the kitchen because it doesn't stain easily. 这块地毯很适合在厨房里用，因为它很耐脏（不怕脏）。
transitive
■to change the colour of something using a chemical 给…染色；给…着色
• She stripped the floorboards and stained them dark brown. 她刮掉原来的漆，把地板刷成了深棕色。
[steɪn] verb
SPOIL 毁坏
transitive literary
■to permanently spoil something such as someone's reputation 败坏，玷污（名声等）
• Several important politicians have had their reputations stained by this scandal. 好几位重要的政界人士都因为这宗丑闻而名声受损。
• The country's history is stained with the blood of (= The country is guilty of killing) millions of innocent men and women. 这个国家的历史沾满了数百万无辜者的鲜血。
[steɪn] noun
MARK 痕迹
 ADVANCED countable
■a chemical for changing the colour of something 染色剂；着色剂
 ADVANCED countable
■a dirty mark on something that is difficult to remove 污渍；污点
• a blood/grass stain 血污／草渍
• You can remove a red wine stain from a carpet by sprinkling salt over it. 地毯上红酒的污渍可以撒盐来清除。
[steɪn] noun
DAMAGE 毁坏
only singular literary
■permanent damage to someone's reputation or character 污点
• His solicitor, William Jackson, said, "He leaves this court without a stain on his character." 他的律师威廉•杰克逊说：“他走出法庭时名声将丝毫无损。”
colour, dye, paint, stain
这组词都有“着色，染”的意思，其区别是：
colour: 普通用词，含义笼统。可指人工的着色，也可指天然的着色。
dye: 多指使用染料改变物体的颜色，如染织品或头发等。
paint: 指为装饰等目的而把油漆或涂料等物涂于物体表面。
stain: 多指用化学或其它方法使物体着色。
vt. 沾污；败坏；给…着色
 - poison, pollute
n. 污点；瑕疵； [试剂] [生物] 着色剂
 - tainture, jaup

Word: outflow
Front: outflow
[ˈaʊtfləʊ] (16465/12931 -1)
Back: n. 流出; 流出物; 流出量
vi. 流出
分布：流出(93%)，流出量(7%)
流出(out+flow流→流出)[out-①表示"超过,过度"②表示"出去,过时"]
US [-floʊ] noun countable
■a movement away from a place 外流；流出
• I'm trying to measure the outflow of water/sewage from that pipe. 我正在设法测量从那个管道中排出的水流量／污水量。
• The central bank has announced controls on capital outflows. 中央银行宣布对资本外流量的管控措施。
n. 流出；流出量；流出物
 - issue, flux
vi. 流出
 - issue, discharge, shed, flow out, flux

Word: rude
Front: rude
[ru:d] (高研四六 6718/5635 -K2)
Vocabulary: rude
(once / 161 pages)
1adj 2adj
Rude describes a type of behavior that isn't appropriate and usually isn't very nice, either — like yelling "You stink!" at a children's talent show.
Rude refers to bad behavior or just plain bad manners. For example, children are taught to say "please" and "thank you" or they are considered rude. A rude person needs a little work — rude also means crude or basic, like a rude cabin out in the woods that barely keeps the rain out. It can be a sudden realization, too. If you wake up and see your breath, it's a rude awakening that the heat's not working.
WORD FAMILY
rude: rudely, rudeness, ruder, rudest+/rudeness: rudenesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
At worst, they say, the remarks were rude and insensitive.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
When he was younger, he was perceived as rude, at times, toward much older owners.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
He was not a youthful horse thief, though he once spent two days in jail for being rude to a local bureaucrat.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 粗鲁的; 简陋的; 狂暴的; 近乎下流的
级别：ruder, rudest
分布：粗鲁无礼的(40%)，猛烈的(18%)，粗糙的(14%)，原始的(14%)，未加工的(14%)
→来自拉丁语 rudis,粗糙的，粗鲁的，词源不详。可能来自 kreue,生肉，带血的肉，词源 同 raw,crude.
原始的;粗鲁的[Rud=rude,表示"原始,粗野"]
a.粗鲁的;猛烈的,残暴的;粗糙的,粗陋的I did not intend to be rude.我并不想粗鲁无礼.
adjective
NOT POLITE 不礼貌的
 ESSENTIAL
■not polite; offensive or embarrassing 不礼貌的；粗鲁的，粗野的；讨厌的
• He's a very rude man. 他这人很粗鲁。
• It 's rude not to say "Thank you" when you are given something. 别人给你东西，你不说“谢谢”是不礼貌的。
• He's got no manners - he's rude to everyone. 他这人很无礼——他对谁都很粗鲁。
 ESSENTIAL
■relating to sex or going to the toilet 猥亵的；下流的；粗俗的
• He told a rude joke /story. 他讲了个下流的笑话／故事。
[ru:d] adjective
SUDDEN 突然的
[before noun]
■sudden and unpleasant 突如其来的；突兀的；令人不知所措的；猛烈的
• We had a rude awakening (= unpleasant shock) when we saw our phone bill. 看到我们的电话话费单时我们好像当头挨了一棒。
[ru:d] adjective
SIMPLE 简单的 old use or literary
■simply and roughly made 简单的；简陋的；粗制的
• We built a rude shelter from rocks on the beach. 我们用石块在海滩上垒了一个简易棚。
rude, crude, harsh, rough, coarse
这组词都有“粗糙的”的意思，其区别是：
rude: 指加工粗糙、不精细。也指某人的言行举止粗鲁无礼，缺乏修养。
crude: 主要指未经加工处理尚处于自然状态的物质；也可指人的言行粗鲁。
harsh: 指外表、性质、声音的粗糙、刺耳、刺目，强调使人不愉快的粗糙感。
rough: 普通用词，指某物纹理不精细，或表面凹凸不平，不光滑。
coarse: 指某物质地粗糙低劣或编织、加工等不精细、精巧。也指人的言谈举止粗鲁，不文雅。
adj. 粗鲁的；无礼的；狂暴的；未开化的
 - angry, robust, crude

Word: ambiguity
Front: ambiguity
[ˌæmbɪˈgju:əti] (六雅 7034/5407)
Vocabulary: ambiguity
(once / 3093 pages)
n
Something with ambiguity is unclear. Think about the sentence, "Jill saw the man with binoculars." If you are wondering whether Jill or the man had the binoculars, you are noticing the ambiguity, or the double meaning, of this sentence.
Lawyers word contracts to avoid ambiguity, but in doing so prevent anyone who is not a lawyer from understanding what they have written! If you can't choose between two decisions because both seem somehow wrong, you are dealing with moral ambiguity. Imagine if a friend who has helped you out many times asks you to cheat. It's wrong to cheat but it also seems wrong not to help someone who has been there for you.
WORD FAMILY
ambiguity: ambiguities, unambiguity+/ ambiguous: ambiguity, ambiguously, unambiguous / unambiguous: unambiguously
USAGE EXAMPLES
The source of the ambiguity that faces us is, of course, the outcome of the election.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The force of Hopper’s art is located within the piercing sense of possibility that the paintings convey, the sense of ambiguity and essential unknowability.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Such ambiguity was a huge part of 1980s pop.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 含糊; 意义不明确; 含糊的话，模棱两可的话; 可作两种或多种解释
分布：模棱两可(69%)，含糊不清(31%)
→前缀ambi-, 两边。词根ig, 同ag, 做。
【反】watershed（n 分水岭）不太确定
US [-ə.tˌi] noun countable or uncountable
 ADVANCED
■(an example of) when something has more than one possible meaning and may therefore cause confusion 模棱两可，意义含糊不清
• We wish to remove any ambiguity concerning our demands. 对于我们的要求，我们不希望有任何含糊其词的地方。
• There are some ambiguities in the legislation. 该法规中有一些含糊不清的地方。
n. 含糊；不明确；暧昧；模棱两可的话
 - vagueness, opacity

Word: amuse
Front: amuse
[əˈmju:z] (高研四六雅宝 9683/8734 -K1)
Vocabulary: amuse
(once / 78 pages)
v
If you enjoy making people laugh, you like to amuse them, which is a good trait to have as long as you don't amuse people during a math test or other solemn occasion.
The verb amuse also means to keep busy in a pleasant way. You might amuse yourself during a long driving trip by playing the alphabet game, where you try to find all the letters from A to Z on roadside signs. If you are a passenger on a plane, you could amuse yourself with a movie on your computer. Just don't get them mixed up and try to watch a movie when you are driving.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
amuse / bemuse
People often use the word bemuse when they mean amuse, but to amuse is to entertain, and to bemuse is to confuse. In Alice in Wonderland, the White Rabbit amuses Alice as he frolics, but then the Cheshire Cat bemuses her when he tells her to go two directions at once.
To amuse someone is to make them laugh or otherwise keep their attention. It's often used in the negative — if someone says that a joke does not amuse her, duck before you get slapped. In the movie Goodfellas, a tough guy says darkly, "...I'm a clown? Do I amuse you?" Here are friendlier examples:
There's nothing spellbinding left to amuse our children. (Forbes)
This was fashion as theater and an often amusing way to end Paris Fashion Week. (New York Times)
To bemuse is to confuse or muddle, and it's almost always in the form bemused. It sounds like that other word, but it's not as fun to be bemused. These examples get it right:
Another father seemed bemused that his son had been taken in by the police after he went for a walk on Saturday.  (BBC)
In the past, reviews of Bosco's dazzlingly vivid apparel and sneakers have ranged from admiring to bemused to scathing. (New York Times)
The passengers, bemused at first, were quickly won over once they realized who was performing. (Time)
It's no wonder people get them mixed up — both words are derived from the French word "muse." It's just like a French muse to entertain and confuse us all in the same root word.
WORD FAMILY
amuse: amused, amusement, amuses, amusing, amusive+/ amused: amusedly/ amusement: amusements/ amusing: amusingest, amusingly/amusive: amusively
USAGE EXAMPLES
The ones who do show up, especially before Dec. 8, seemed to be more amused by the temptation of free chicken.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
More amused than chastened, Mills said, “It’s two captains with one boat.”
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Amused onlookers posted photos of the sign on social media.
Time(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. 使人发笑; 逗乐; 使消遣; 娱乐
时态：amused, amusing, amuses
分布：娱乐(54%)，消遣(43%)，使 ... 发笑(3%)
→前缀a-同ad-. muse, 沉思，思考。古义指不用干话，有时间思考学习，现指有时间休闲娱乐。比较sport, 古义不用干活，现指有时间运动。school, 古义不用干活，现指有时间读书。
娱乐,使...高兴(a使＋muse→使高兴)[mus=muse来自希腊神话"缪斯"女神,是文艺音乐女神,所以有"娱乐"的意思]
vt.向...提供娱乐,使...消遣;引人发笑He had an amusing excuse for executing the executive.对于处决决策人,他有一个可笑的理由.
【源】Muse（缪斯）是宙斯和记忆女神的九个女儿（不是一个人），每一个掌管不同的文艺或者科学。比如：文艺、美术和音乐。
【参】amused（adj 愉快的，好玩的）；amusing（adj 好笑的，有趣的）
verb intransitive or transitive
 ADVANCED
■to entertain someone, especially by humorous speech or action or by making someone laugh or smile （尤指短暂地）使开心，给…提供消遣（或娱乐）
• I've brought with me an article from yesterday's paper that I thought might amuse you. 我带来了昨天报上的一篇文章，或许可以让你开怀一笑。
• [+ obj + to infinitive] I think it amuses him to see people make fools of themselves. 我想他看到这些人装疯卖傻的样子肯定会觉得好玩。
• Apparently these stories are meant to amuse. 显然这些故事的目的就在于搞笑。
■to keep someone happy, especially for a short time （尤指透过幽默的言行）逗乐，逗笑；（尤指短暂地）使开心，给…提供消遣（或娱乐）
• [R] We amused ourselves by watching the passers-by. 我们看着来往的行人自得其乐。
• Shall I put on a video to amuse the kids while we're packing? 我们收拾行李时，要不要给孩子放段影片，逗他们开心？
amuse, please, interest, entertain
这组词都有“使人娱乐，消遣”的意思，其区别是：
amuse: 指使人通过注意某些有趣或悦人的事物而消遣，着重使人愉快的效果。
please: 多指愿望、兴趣得到满足后产生的强烈满意情绪。
interest: 普通用词，指出于任何原因使人兴奋或对某事物保持好奇心或注意力，侧重引起兴趣或注意。
entertain: 指通过给他人快乐感的消遣活动，使自己或他人从单调中解脱出来。
vt. 娱乐；消遣；使发笑；使愉快
 - to entertain, wile away

Word: horrible
Front: horrible
[ˈhɒrəbl] (高研四六雅 3750/4036 -2)
Vocabulary: horrible
(once / 165 pages)
adj
The difference between bad and horrible is like the difference between an unpleasant dream and an awful nightmare.
Horrible means "causing horror," and goes back to the Latin word for “tremble” or “shudder.” A horrible thing makes you shake with fear, like a story about an atrocious crime. We also use horrible hyperbolically (which means in an over-the-top way) to criticize things. You might think you look horrible in photos, or that a new TV reality show is horrible. Do you ever wonder if something horrible is hiding in your closet? I mean, besides your plaid suit?
WORD FAMILY
horrible: horribler, horriblest, horribly
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I would be a horrible person if I didn’t accept it,” she says.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“I used to look at myself and think, ‘I am horrible, I am a monster, subhuman,’” he said.
New York Times(May 02, 2016)
“It was so horrible. It smelled like gunpowder,” Uyanik said, adding that she saw two gunmen at the club.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 可怕的; 极不友好的; 极讨厌的; 令人震惊的
分布：可怕的(96%)，令人毛骨悚然的(3%)，令人讨厌的(1%)
→来自拉丁语horrere,恐惧，颤抖，词源同horror.引申词义恐怖的，可怕的。
可怕的(horr+ible)[hor(r)=shudder,dread,表示"颤抖,害怕"]
a.令人恐惧的,可怕的;极讨厌的,糟透的The miracle mirrors a horrible error made by the terrorists in the terrible territory.这件奇事反映了恐怖分子在这一可怕地区犯的可怕错误.
US ['hɔ:r-] adjective
 IMPROVER
■very unpleasant or bad 极糟的；令人不快的
• He's got a horrible cold. 他得了重感冒。
• What's that horrible smell? 是甚么气味这么难闻？
• That was a horrible thing to say! 说那种话真是可恶！
 IMPROVER
■very shocking and frightening 可怕的，令人震惊的
• a horrible crime 骇人的罪行
appalling, afraid, frightful, terrible, terrific, fearful, horrible, dreadful, awful
这组词都有“害怕的、可怕的”的意思，其区别是：
appalling: 指既令害怕又使人惊异、胆寒。
afraid: 指由于胆小或怯懦而不敢说或做某事。
frightful: 指使人陷入短暂的惊恐或产生毛骨悚然的感觉。
terrible: 侧重指给人以长久的惊骇，极端的恐怖，令人难以忍受。
terrific: 多指外表、形状或力量等的可怕。
fearful: 普通用词，既指外界情况变化而引起的恐惧，又指来自内心的害怕与焦虑。
horrible: 指因骇人听闻的丑恶而令人毛骨悚然，着重厌恶的成分多于害怕。
dreadful: 指使人非常恐惧，毛骨悚然，也使人感到讨厌而退缩。
awful: 指威严得令人害怕或敬畏，有一定的感情色彩。
adj. 可怕的；极讨厌的
 - terrible, awesome, fearful, dire, dreadful

Word: protracted
Front: protracted
[prəˈtræktɪd] (11768/11329 -1)
Vocabulary: protracted
(once / 1357 pages)
adj
Something protracted has been drawn out, usually in a tedious way. Protracted things are long and seem like they're never going to end.
Anything protracted is lasting longer than you would like. A speech that seems to go on forever is protracted. If an employer and a union can't reach an agreement, there could be a protracted strike. Before a movie, the previews are almost always protracted — they never seem to stop. If something is long and annoying, and there's no good reason it couldn't be shorter, it's protracted.
WORD FAMILY
protracted: protractedly+/ protract: protracted, protracting, protraction, protracts/protraction: protractions
USAGE EXAMPLES
We hope they finally see that treating budget victims with Scrooge-like indifference during protracted political standoffs does the public an incredible injustice.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
These years represented the height of Michael’s commercial success, which at times was marred by a protracted legal dispute with his record company Sony.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Sometimes these licensing deals are negotiated amicably, and sometimes they’re settled in a protracted legal battle.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 拖延的; 延长的
v. 拖延“protract”的过去式和过去分词
分布：拖延的(100%)
【反】summary（adj 概要的）；transient（adj 短暂的）
adjective
■lasting for a long time or made to last longer 持久的；延长的；拖延的
• protracted negotiations 持久的谈判
• a protracted argument/discussion 旷日费时的争论／讨论
adj. 拖延的
 - prolonged, lingering
v. 拖延；绘制；伸展（protract的过去分词）
 - stretched

Word: malnutrition
Front: malnutrition
[ˌmælnju:ˈtrɪʃn] (托雅 13854/15475 -1)
Vocabulary: malnutrition
(once / 10854 pages)
n
Malnutrition is a condition resulting from an unbalanced diet or insufficient food. If you live for an entire year on Twinkies and diet soda, you will undoubtedly suffer from malnutrition.
When you break apart the word malnutrition, it’s easy to remember what it means. You’re probably already familiar with nutrition, which refers to taking in or using food. Add on the prefix mal-, meaning “bad,” and you get a word that means “bad nutrition.” If you suffer from malnutrition, that means you aren’t getting the right balance of nutrients. This can be caused by not getting enough to eat, or it can be caused by not eating enough healthy foods.
WORD FAMILY
malnutrition: malnutritions
USAGE EXAMPLES
In two of South Sudan’s 10 regions, Unity and Northern Bahr el-Ghazal, malnutrition is at more than double the emergency threshold level.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Girls suffer disproportionately from malnutrition and are less likely than in most other countries to be found in the best universities, parliament or the boardroom.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 26, 2016)
They returned only in September, and said malnutrition remained a serious issue.
BBC(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 营养不良
分布：营养不良(100%)
营养不良(mal+nutrition营养)[mal-表示"坏,恶"(亦作male)]
营养不良(mal坏+nutrition营养→营养坏[不良])[nutrit,nutri=nourish,表示"营养"]
营养不良(mal坏+nutr营养)[-iteon表名词"行为过程,状态"]
US [-nu:-] noun uncountable
■physical weakness and bad health caused by having too little food, or too little of the types of food necessary for good health 营养不良
• Many of the refugees are suffering from severe malnutrition. 许多难民严重营养不良。
n. 营养失调， [医] 营养不良
 - dystrophy, nutritional deficiency

Word: pluck
Front: pluck
[plʌk] (四六托宝 6870/7624 -1)
Vocabulary: pluck
(once / 305 pages)
1vn 2n 3v
To pluck is to pick or pull a single item out of many, like a flower or a hair. As a noun, pluck is energy or enthusiasm, even when things are looking grim.
Don't pluck only the best cherries off the tree: that's cherry-picking! Before you cook a goose, you need to pluck its feathers. If it looks like your goose is cooked, however, then show some pluck, and figure out a way to save yourself. Some characters who are famous for showing pluck include the Artful Dodger, Little Orphan Annie, and Benji the dog. They all kept their chins up and kept on trying, even when things looked really dark.
WORD FAMILY
pluck: plucked, plucking, plucks, plucky +/ plucky: pluckier, pluckiest, pluckily, pluckiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Later in the evening, Nick plucks the rose from its special tray and hands it to the Shark-Dolphin.
Time(Jan 02, 2017)
A violinist sometimes moves among tables, plucking tunes like the theme from “Fiddler on the Roof.”
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Her first novel, Shadow Dance, was plucked from the slush pile by an editor who found every sentence “remarkable”.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 勇气，精神; 内脏; 快而猛的拉; 〈俚〉不及格
vt. 采，摘; 拔掉; 鼓起（勇气等）; 弹（乐器）
vi. 拉，拽
时态：plucked, plucking, plucks
分布：勇气(38%)，拔(28%)，摘(28%)，猛拉(5%)，动物内脏(1%)
→来自古英语pluccian,拔出，拉，扯，来自West-Germanic*plokken,拔，借自拉丁语pilare,拔 头发，来自pilus,头发，词源同pile,depilatory.
【记】p破，luck运气，因为被拔了毛，拔你毛的人很有勇气运气很破的人需要面对困难的勇气
【参】plucky（adj 有勇气的）
【反】cowardice（n 懦弱）；spinelessness（n 没有勇气）；coward（n 懦弱的人）；craven（n 懦夫；adj 怯懦的）
verb
REMOVE 除去
transitive
■to pull something, especially with a sudden movement, in order to remove it 拔
• Caged birds sometimes pluck out their breast feathers. 关在笼子里的鸟有时会拔下自己的胸羽。
• He plucked the letter from/out of my hand, and ran off with it. 他从我手中抢过信后就跑开了。
• Do you pluck your eyebrows (= remove some of the hairs from them to give them a better shape) ? 你修眉吗？
transitive
■to remove the feathers from a chicken or other bird so that it can be cooked and eaten 拔去（鸡或鸟的毛）
transitive usually passive
■to remove someone suddenly from a situation that is ordinary 使脱颖而出；提升
• He was plucked from obscurity to star in the film. 他脱颖而出成为这部电影的主角。
transitive
■to remove someone quickly from a dangerous or difficult situation 使…脱离险境，解救
• The last passengers were plucked from the ship just seconds before it sank. 最后一批游客在船沉没前几秒钟被救起。
[plʌk] verb
MUSIC 音乐
intransitive or transitive (US also pick)
■to pull and then release the strings of a musical instrument with your finger to play notes 拨，弹（乐器的弦）
• He sat on the bed, idly plucking (at) the strings of his guitar. 他坐在床上，随意地拨着吉他琴弦。
[plʌk] verb
pluck sth out of the air
■to say something quickly, usually because a reply is expected, without having thought about it or made certain it is correct 随口说出
• "Where did you get those figures from?" "Oh, I just plucked them out of the air." “你是从哪里获得这些数字的？”“我只是随口说出来的。”
[plʌk] verb
pluck up your courage (also pluck up (the) courage to do sth)
■to force yourself to be brave enough to do something, although you are frightened or worried about it 鼓起勇气
• He finally plucked up courage to ask her to marry him. 他最终鼓起勇气向她求婚。
• I'd love to do a parachute jump, but I can't pluck up the/enough courage. 我很想跳伞，但没那份胆量。
[plʌk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  pluck at sth
■to pull something with your fingers again and again, using quick, small movements 拉，扯，拽
• I felt a small hand plucking at my jacket. 我感觉有一只小手在拉扯我的衣服。
[plʌk] noun uncountable informal
■bravery and a strong wish to succeed 胆识，勇气
• She showed a lot of pluck in standing up to her boss. 她顶撞老板，表现出很大的勇气。
n. 勇气；内脏；快而猛的拉
 - courage, nerve, heart, inside
vt. 摘；拔；扯
 - pull
vi. 拉；拽；扯
 - draw, pull

Word: conspire
Front: conspire
[kənˈspaɪə(r)] (研托宝 9702/9624 -1)
Vocabulary: conspire
(once / 223 pages)
v
When you conspire, you collaborate with others to do harm, or maybe just keep something from happening, like a group that conspires to get tuna melts booted from the lunch menu by urging everyone to order other things.
You can conspire with someone, meaning you team up with another person to plot against someone else, or you can conspire against someone. This means you devise a scheme to do that person harm. Conspire also can be used in a more figurative sense to describe events that cause problems, like bad weather that may conspire against your picnic plans, or a series of injuries that conspire against a basketball team struggling to make the playoffs.
WORD FAMILY
conspire: conspiracy, conspirative, conspirator, conspired, conspires, conspiring+/ conspiracy: conspiracies/ conspirator: conspiratorial, conspirators/ conspiratorial: conspiratorially
USAGE EXAMPLES
Maduro attempted to outlaw Venezuela’s largest banknote in mid-December, a measure that he said would strike at foreign powers conspiring to sabotage his socialist government.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
He died a day after being indicted for allegedly conspiring to rig bids, a charge he denied.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Mr Ramsey claimed the TV network, production company Critical Content and expert interviewees conspired to defame him for publicity and profit.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vi. 搞阴谋; 协力促成
vt. 阴谋策划
时态：conspired, conspiring, conspires
分布：阴谋(63%)，协力(37%)
→con-, 强调。-spir, 呼吸，词源同spirit, respire.
同谋(con共同+spire→同呼吸→同谋)[spir=breathe表示"呼吸"]
【记】con共同，spire呼吸－共同呼吸就是一个鼻孔出气－搞阴谋
【参】perspire（v 出汗）；inspiration（n 灵感）conspiracy（n 阴谋）；conspirator（n 阴谋者，谋叛者）
US [-'spaɪr] verb intransitive
■to plan secretly with other people to do something bad, illegal or against someone's wishes 密谋；共谋；图谋
• [+ to infinitive] He felt that his colleagues were conspiring together to remove him from his job. 他觉得同事们在密谋把他从工作岗位上挤走。
• As girls, the sisters used to conspire with each other against their brother. 还是小女孩的时候，姐妹俩常常在一起密谋对付她们的哥哥。
UK [kən'spaɪər] US [-'spaɪr] verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  conspire against sth (also conspire to do sth)
■If events or conditions conspire against something or conspire to do something, they combine in such a way that they spoil your plans （事情、环境）共同导致（计划失败）
• The weather had conspired to ruin their day out. 坏天气凑在一起，天公也不作美，破坏了他们的一日游。
• I'd planned a romantic evening together, but circumstances conspired against it - friends arrived unexpectedly and then Dave was called out to an emergency. 我计划两人共度一个浪漫的夜晚，可是事不凑巧——先是朋友们不期而至，接着戴夫被叫去出急诊。
vi. [法] 共谋；协力
 - cooperate, concert

Word: liver
Front: liver
[ˈlɪvə(r)] (研四六托 4667/4007 -2)
Back: n. 肝脏; （食用）肝; 深赤褐色; 生活者
adj. 肝味的; 深赤褐色的
分布：肝脏(100%)
→来自leip,脂肪，词源同lipid,adipose.引申词义肝。
n.肝,肝脏The living olive keeps the deliverer's liver alive.活橄榄使发货人的肝脏继续存活.
US [-ɚ] noun countable or uncountable
 ADVANCED
■a large organ in the body which cleans the blood and produces bile , or this organ from an animal used as meat 肝，肝脏
n. 肝脏；生活者，居民
 - resident, dweller

Word: wet
Front: wet
[wet] (中高 2471/2343 -K3)
Back: adj. 湿的; 下雨的; 懦弱的; （儿童）尿湿尿布的
n. 湿地; 液体; 窝囊废; 雨天
vt. 使潮湿; 把…弄湿
时态：wet, wetting, wets
分布：湿的(71%)，雨天(22%)，雨天的(3%)，潮气(3%)，懦弱的(1%)
→来自wed,水，湿的，词源同water,otter.
a.湿的,潮湿的;有雨的,多雨的v.弄湿,沾湿The wet pet in the net hasn't got on the jet plane yet.网中的湿宠物还没有登上喷气飞机.
adjective (wetter, wettest)
NOT DRY 不亁的
 ESSENTIAL
■covered in water or another liquid 湿的，潮湿的
• a wet floor 潮湿的地板
• a wet umbrella 湿淋淋的伞
• wet hair 湿头发
• My bike got wet in the rain. 我的脚踏车在雨中淋湿了。
• I had to cycle in the rain and got soaking (= very) wet. 我不得不骑车在雨中行进，全身都淋湿了。
• informal You poor thing - you're all (= very) wet. 你这个可怜的家伙——全身都淋湿了。
 IMPROVER
■describes paint, ink, or a similar substance when it has not had time to dry and become hard （油漆、墨水等）未干的
• The paint's still wet. 油漆还未亁。
• a notice saying 'Wet paint!' 一块写有“油漆未干！”的告示牌
 IMPROVER
■describes weather or periods of time when rain falls 多雨的，下雨的
• We've had wet weather all week. 整个星期都在下雨。
• This is the first wet day for two months. 两个月以来，今天是第一次下雨。
• The presentation will take place indoors if it 's wet. 如果下雨，仪式就在室内举行。
be wet through
■to be completely wet 全湿透了
• Come in quickly - you're wet through. 快点进来——你全身都湿透了。
[wet] adjective (wetter, wettest)
WEAK 软弱的
■describes someone who has a weak character and does not express any forceful opinions 软弱的；懦弱的；窝囊的
• Don't be so wet. 别那么窝囊。
[wet] adjective (wetter, wettest)
be wet behind the ears
■to be young and without experience 乳臭未干的，无经验的
[wet] verb transitive
■to make something wet 把…弄湿；使潮湿
• Wet the powder thoroughly and mix to remove lumps. 将这些粉末彻底弄湿，搅拌均匀并剔除结块。
• He wetted a cloth and tried to rub the mark away. 他沾湿了一块布，试图将那污迹擦掉。
wet yourself
■to urinate in your clothes by accident 尿湿自己的衣服
wet the/ your bed
■to urinate in your bed by accident 尿床
• She still sometimes wets the bed at night. 她夜里有时还尿床。
[wet] verb transitive
wet your whistle old-fashioned informal
■to have an alcoholic drink 喝杯酒
[wet] noun
WATER 水
uncountable
■liquid, especially water 液体（尤指水）
• Don't put your newspaper down in the wet. 别把报纸放进水中。
the wet mainly UK
■wet weather 雨天
• Don't leave it out there in the wet. 雨天不要把它放在外面。
[wet] noun
PERSON 人
countable UK disapproving
■someone who has a weak character and does not express any forceful opinions 软弱的；懦弱的；窝囊的
• Come on Tom, don't be such a wet! 汤姆，快点！别这么窝囊！
countable UK disapproving
■a member of the Conservative Party in Britain with no strong or extreme opinions 英国保守党中观点不够鲜明（或激烈）的人
damp, moist, wet, humid
这组词都有“潮湿的”的意思，其区别是：
damp: 指吸进或覆盖着一点水份，常表示潮湿得使人不舒服。
moist: 指微湿，侧重不干，但并非湿得使人不快。
wet: 普通用词，指各种潮湿的状态。
humid: 正式用词，特指空气与天气的潮湿，相对湿度大。
damp, soak, wet
这组词都有“使潮湿”的意思，其区别是：
damp: 指全部弄湿，侧重状态。
soak: 多指浸没，侧重最后结果。
wet: 普通用词，一般指水所发挥的作用。
adj. [气象] [物] 潮湿的；有雨的
 - humid, moisty
n. 雨天；湿气
 - humidity, a rainy day
vt. 弄湿
 - moisten, bemoisten

Word: solvency
Front: solvency
[ˈsɒlvənsi] (20873/23766)
Back: n. <化>溶解状态，溶解力; 偿付能力
分布：偿付能力(94%)，溶解力(6%)
→来自 solvent,有偿付能力的，可溶解的，-ency,名词后缀。
溶解力;还债能力(solv+ency)[Solv,solu,solut=loosen,表示"松开"]
溶解力;还债能力(solve溶解)[-ency,-iency表名词,ence的变体]
【反】bankruptcy（n 破产）

Word: lightning
Front: lightning
[ˈlaɪtnɪŋ] (高研四六 4562/6393 -2)
Vocabulary: lightning
(once / 257 pages)
n
When you see sudden bright flashes of light in the sky, you're seeing lightning, the release of electricity between clouds or the ground.
Lightning can be scary, and if it strikes a person, it can kill. You can tell how close the lightning is by how long the delay is between the light and the sound of the rolling roar or crack of thunder that accompanies it. If they're close together, get inside, quick! Because lighting strikes so fast, we use its name for other speedy things, like the lightning-fast service at a good coffee shop.
WORD FAMILY
lightning: lightnings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Emerald Coast Utilities Authority issued a notice of a sanitary sewer overflow caused by a 15-minute loss of power from a lightning strike.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Now Netflix is hoping to recreate lightning in a bottle with season two of Stranger Things.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Lightning: At home for the second game of a five-game homestand Thursday night against Toronto, which played at Florida on Wednesday night.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 闪电般的，快速的
n. 闪电，雷电
vi. 打闪
分布：闪电(91%)，闪电般的(5%)，快速的(3%)，意外的幸运(1%)
→来自light,发光，照明，插入鼻音字母n,引申词义闪电。
n.闪电a.闪电般的,快速的I slightly delight in flight in the sunlight and lightning.我有点喜欢在阳光和闪电中飞行.
noun uncountable
 ADVANCED
■a flash of bright light in the sky which is produced by electricity moving between clouds or from clouds to the ground 闪电
• thunder and lightning 雷电
• a flash of lightning 一道闪电
• That tree was struck by lightning. 那棵树被闪电击中了。
• She changed her clothes with lightning speed (= extremely quickly). 她飞快地换了衣服。
['laɪt.nɪŋ] noun uncountable
Lightning never strikes twice (in the same place). saying
■said to show that it is unlikely that something bad or unusual will happen to the same person twice 闪电不会两次击中同一个地方；倒楣事不会总落在同一个人身上；一事不过二
['laɪt.nɪŋ] noun uncountable
like lightning
■extremely quickly 闪电般地，极快地
adj. [气象] 闪电的；快速的
 - fast, sudden
n. [气象] 闪电
 - levin, bolt

Word: detector
Front: detector
[dɪˈtektə(r)] (研六 5477/6230 -1)
Vocabulary: detector
(once / 4187 pages)
n
A detector is a machine that responds to particular substances in a consistent way. Everyone who flies on an airplane must pass through a metal detector, which beeps when it senses metal.
A "lie detector" works by measuring pulse and eye movements as a person responds to a series of questions. A radioactivity detector looks for high levels of radioactivity in nuclear power plants. Since the invention of detectors, the idea of more fantastical detectors has filled the human imagination. A love detector: why not?
WORD FAMILY
detector: detectors+/ detect: detectable, detected, detecting, detection, detective, detector, detects/ detectable: detectably, undetectable/detected: undetected/ detection: detections/ detective: detectives/undetectable: undetectably
USAGE EXAMPLES
“This generation of detectors should be the last,” said astronomer Stacy McGaugh at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
There are law enforcement officers at the doors and metal detectors guarding the place.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
With new security put in place, metal detectors and gun lockers, will you ban that practice?
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 探测器; 检测器; 发现者; 侦察器
分布：探测器(100%)
探测器(detect察觉)[-or表名词"人或物器",在一些词根前写成"-ator"]
n.发现者,侦察器,探测器,检波器,检电器
US [-tɚ] noun countable
■a device used to find particular substances or things, or measure their level 探测器；测量器
• a metal/smoke detector 金属／烟雾探测器
n. [自] [电子] 检测器；发现者；侦察器
 - finder, discoverer

Word: groom
Front: groom
[gru:m] (宝 8693/8920 -1)
Vocabulary: groom
(once / 580 pages)
1nv 2n 3v
To groom means to take care of the appearance, whether it's plucking eyebrows or combing hair. When you spend over an hour grooming in the bathroom, combing your mustache and buffing your nails, you drive everyone else who needs to use the bathroom crazy.
You can groom something besides a person. Resorts groom their golf courses and ski runs. If you own a horse, you groom it every day. Animals groom each other by picking off insects and licking at fur. You can also use groom in regards to the mind. If you are being groomed for a certain spot or position, you are being prepared to take over its activities and responsibilities. Let's hope that you will someday be groomed for a spot on an executive board. And last but not least, the man getting married at a wedding is the groom.
WORD FAMILY
groom: groomed, grooming, grooms+/groomed: ungroomed/grooming: groomings
USAGE EXAMPLES
This possibly means that Rachel is being groomed to be the next star of The Bachelorette and if that happens—ABOUT TIME, SHOW.
Time(Jan 02, 2017)
In late August, on the day before classes resumed, Harriott instructed his team to comply with St. Thomas’s grooming standards.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
In an office toilet in London, young women discuss their grooming regimes.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 使整洁; 使（动物）清洁; 准备
n. 新郎; 马夫; 王室侍从官; 〈古〉男仆
vi. 打扮
时态：groomed, grooming, grooms
分布：新郎(80%)，马夫(9%)，培养(5%)，打扮(4%)，梳理毛发(1%)，王室侍从者(1%)
→来自古英语grome, 男仆。词源同grow, crew.
【记】g，room哥哥在房间里作新郎bridegroom（n 新郎）的缩写groom
verb transitive
CLEAN 弄干净
■to clean an animal, often by brushing its fur 擦洗，刷洗（动物）
• Polly spends hours in the stables grooming her pony. 波莉在马厩里刷洗她的小马，一洗就几个小时。
[gru:m] verb transitive
PREPARE 准备
■to prepare someone for a special job or activity 培养；培训；使做好准备
• She was being groomed for leadership. 她正在接受训练以担任领导。
• [+ to infinitive] My boss is grooming me to take over his job next year. 我的老板正在栽培我，以便下一年我可以接替他。
[gru:m] verb transitive
SEX 性
■to become friends with a child, especially over the Internet, in order to try to persuade them to have a sexual relationship with you （尤指透过网际网路）勾引，诱骗，诱奸（儿童）
[gru:m] noun countable
MAN 男人
■a bridegroom
• The bride and groom walked down the aisle together. 新娘和新郎一起走过教堂的通道。
[gru:m] noun countable
HORSES 马
■a person whose job is to take care of and clean horses 马夫
vt. 整饰；推荐；喂马
 - recommend (for admission to school), recommend for
n. 新郎；马夫；男仆
 - bridegroom, stableman
vi. 打扮
 - dress oneself, sharp

Word: continuity
Front: continuity
[ˌkɒntɪˈnju:əti] (托雅 6432/4599 -1)
Vocabulary: continuity
(once / 1496 pages)
1n 2n
Continuity has to do with how things happen over time: if there aren't any bumps or breaks and everything goes on continuously, then there's continuity.
Continuity has to do with consistency. If you have the same Spanish teacher for several semesters, that's great continuity. If you have five different teachers in one year, that's awful continuity. In TV and movies, continuity involves keeping the plot and characters consistent from one scene to the next. It drives fans crazy when a character is allergic to peanuts in one episode, and then eats a peanut butter sandwich in the next one.
WORD FAMILY
continuity: continuities+/ continuous: continuity, continuously, continuousness, discontinuous, noncontinuous/ continuum: continua, continuous /discontinuity: discontinuities/discontinuous: discontinuity, discontinuously
USAGE EXAMPLES
There’s enough positive to believe the franchise would be wise to value continuity.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Mid-January is a bit late for a national title contender to develop rotational continuity, but that’s the fate that befalls Coach K’s team this season.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Coaching continuity over the years with his dad and others didn’t hurt, either.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 连续性，继续; 分镜头电影剧本; 串联，衔接; [影视]剪辑
分布：连续性(100%)
【参】continue（v 继续）；continuance（n 持续；停留＝remaining）
【反】disjunction（n 分离；折断）
US [ˌkɑ:n.tən'u:.ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
■when something continues for a long period of time without being changed or stopped 连续性，持续性，连贯性
• There has been no continuity in that class - they've had a succession of different teachers. 那个班级的课上得没有连贯性——他们一连换了好几位老师。
specialized
■the way in which film and television broadcasts are joined together so that the action happens without any pause or change （电影、电视的）场景串联，节目串联，衔接
n. [数] 连续性；一连串； [电影] 分镜头剧本
 - series of, seriality

Word: livelihood
Front: livelihood
[ˈlaɪvlihʊd] (托 9184/9493 -1)
Vocabulary: livelihood
(once / 1291 pages)
n
Your livelihood is the job you work at to earn the income that supports you.
The word livelihood started out as the Old English līflād, or "course of life," and around the 13th century changed to livelode, which meant "a means of keeping one alive." As "-lode" morphed into "-hood," which meant "state, condition," the meaning of the word also changed to mean support for a person's life. That naturally came to mean your job, which provides the monetary support to keep you going.
WORD FAMILY
livelihood: livelihoods
USAGE EXAMPLES
“The former’s audience is restricted to peers and students but matters a lot in academics’ livelihoods and in the ranking of universities.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
This is a serious matter of livelihood for many.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
In this case it is not a few people’s livelihoods that are on the line, but all people’s lives.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 生活，生计; 谋生之道; 营生
分布：生活(60%)，生计(36%)，营生(4%)
→比喻用法。
noun countable or uncountable
■(the way someone earns) the money people need to pay for food, a place to live, clothing, etc 生活来源；饭碗，生计
• Many ship workers could lose their livelihoods because of falling orders for new ships. 由于新船订单减少，许多船厂工人可能要丢掉饭碗。
• That farm is his livelihood. 那个农场是他的生活来源。
⇒ See also living
n. 生计，生活；营生
 - life, existence, living, keep

Word: tyrant
Front: tyrant
[ˈtaɪrənt] (六宝 11629/12082 -1)
Vocabulary: tyrant
(once / 358 pages)
n
If you accuse your parents of being tyrants, you are saying they abuse their control of you––they are cruel, overly restrictive of your freedoms, and unfair. A tyrant is a ruler who is cruel and unjust.
Here's an idea for a game: list all the tyrants in history and vote for the worst tyrant of all time. Don't limit yourself to 20th or 21st century ones like Hitler and Stalin and Saddam Hussein. Maybe put Attila the Hun on your list. You could also name a few minor tyrants in your life, such as your boss or another person with unreasonable demands.
WORD FAMILY
tyrant: tyrannise, tyrannize, tyrannous, tyrants+/tyrannise: tyrannised, tyrannises, tyrannising/tyrannize: tyrannized, tyrannizes, tyrannizing/tyrannous: tyrannously
USAGE EXAMPLES
On Twitter, Douthat wrote, “I’d rather risk defeat at my enemies’ hands than turn my own cause over to a incompetent tyrant.”
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
“Great Ambition unchecked by principle . . . is an unruly Tyrant.”
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Riboud regarded his tutor as both a teacher and a tyrant, but learned much about the art of good photography.
Time(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 专制统治者，暴君; （古希腊的）僭主; 专横的人
分布：暴君(97%)，专横的人(2%)，专制的君主(1%)
→来自拉丁语 tyrannus,国君，暴君，统治者，来自希腊语 tyrannos,国君，暴君，统治者。
暴君(来自拉丁文tyrannus暴君)[-ant 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"…人"3.表名词"…剂"]
US ['taɪ-] noun countable
■a ruler who has unlimited power over other people, and uses it unfairly and cruelly 暴君；暴虐的人；专横的人
• Tamir, one of several sons of the exiled ruler, vowed he would liberate his country from the tyrant. 泰咪尔是被放逐的几个君主儿子中的一个，他发誓要把他的国家从暴君手中解放出来。
• figurative humorous Overnight my boss seems to have turned into a tyrant. 我的老板似乎一夜之间变成了一个暴君。
n. 暴君
 - Pharaoh, Caesar

Word: reproductive
Front: reproductive
[ˌri:prəˈdʌktɪv] (托 5864/7402 -1)
Vocabulary: reproductive
(once / 3071 pages)
adj
Anything reproductive has to do with creating babies or other new life. If you get a pair of pet rabbits but soon have twenty, then you know those bunnies are in good reproductive health. Congratulations.
When animals have babies, they reproduce. Anything related to reproduction can be described as reproductive. There is sexual and asexual reproduction — dandelions that pop up all over the yard are being reproductive all by themselves. Scientists who study reproductive habits of animals analyze how they bear offspring. Fertility doctors help people who are having reproductive problems. When people fight for reproductive rights, they want the freedom to decide when and how they have babies.
WORD FAMILY
reproductive: reproductively+/ reproduce: reproduced, reproducer, reproduces, reproducing, reproduction, reproductive /reproducer: reproducers/ reproduction: reproductions
USAGE EXAMPLES
Researchers in Ghana also found that text message quizzes improved girls’ understanding of reproductive health, resulting in fewer reported pregnancies.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
A spokesman for West Virginia University said his consulting work “was based on his 42 years of experience with reproductive neuroendocrinology.”
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Gonadal material throws light on the cetacean's reproductive health, blubber thickness reflects the animal's general health while gut contents reveal much about a cetacean's diet.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 生殖的; 再生产的; 复制的
分布：生殖的(54%)，复制的(46%)
adjective
■relating to the process of producing babies or young animals and plants 生殖；生育；繁殖
• reproductive organs 生殖器官
• reproductive behaviour 生殖行为
adj. 生殖的；再生的；复制的
 - generative, regenerative

Word: hatch
Front: hatch
[hætʃ] (高研四六托雅宝 7365/7882 -2)
Vocabulary: hatch
(once / 522 pages)
1n 2vn 3vn
A bird such as a hen that sits on eggs to incubate them can be said to hatch the eggs. Then, when the chick emerges from the egg, you can also say it hatched.
Humans don't hatch eggs like birds do, but they can still incubate and then hatch a plan, invention, or idea. You may hatch a plan to surprise a friend for her thirtieth birthday party, but to ensure you don't end up with egg on your face, you should verify your friend isn't actually twenty-nine for the third year in a row! As a noun, a hatch is a trapdoor or other opening in the floor, ceiling, or wall that allows access.
WORD FAMILY
hatch: hatched, hatchery, hatches, hatching+/hatched: unhatched/hatchery: hatcheries/hatching: hatchings
USAGE EXAMPLES
When the time and price were right, bankers would seek to match the tech giants with a start-up, and a deal would be hatched.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The finding suggests that, at least in terms of hatch times, dinosaurs were more like modern reptiles than birds.
Science Magazine(Jan 02, 2017)
They are pushed by currents away from the reefs on which they were hatched for days or weeks until they learn to swim.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 孵化; 孵出，破壳而出
vt. 秘密策划，（尤指）密谋; 使（小鸟、小鱼、小虫等）孵出
n. （船甲板或飞机底部装货物的）舱口; 开口; （飞机或宇宙飞船的）舱门; （尤指厨房和餐厅之间供传递食物的）两室之间的小窗口
时态：hatched, hatching, hatches
分布：孵(47%)，孵化(41%)，孵出(8%)，策划(4%)
→词源不详。hatch 舱门，盖子
v.孵,孵出;策划,图谋n.舱口,小门The watchful snatcher dispatched a batch of combatants to the hatch.密切注意的绑架者发送一批战士到舱口盖.
verb
EGG 蛋
intransitive or transitive
■to (cause an egg to) break in order to allow a young animal to come out 孵出；孵蛋；出壳
[hætʃ] verb
PLAN 计划
transitive
■to make a plan, especially a secret plan 策划（尤指秘密计划）
• It was in August of 1978 that the Bolton brothers hatched their plot to kill their parents. 那是在1978年的8月，博尔顿兄弟策划了杀害他们父母的计划。
[hætʃ] noun countable (also hatchway)
■an opening through a wall, floor, etc., or the cover for it （墙、地板等上的）开口；活板门；盖子
• an escape hatch 逃生出口
• a serving hatch 上菜窗口
[hætʃ] noun countable (also hatchway)
Down the hatch! informal saying
■said before swallowing a drink, especially an alcoholic one 干杯！
n. 孵化； [船] [航] 舱口
 - incubation
vt. [动] 孵；策划
 - engineer, scheme
vi. 孵化
 - incubate

Word: eternal
Front: eternal
[ɪˈtɜ:nl] (研六托雅宝 5626/6025 -2)
Vocabulary: eternal
(once / 102 pages)
adj
If something lasts forever or even if it just feels like it’s going to last forever, you could call it eternal, which means that it goes on and on and will never change or end.
The Fountain of Youth is a mythical spring of water that rewards its bathers with eternal life, free from sickness and death forever. The Latin root of eternal is aeternalis, translating roughly as “of great age,” and eternal things are really, really old. Eternal can describe an abstract idea that never changes, like the eternal truths of war, or it can describe an annoyance that you wish would end, like the eternal boredom you feel watching a really dull movie.
WORD FAMILY
eternal: eternalise, eternalize, eternally, eternise, eternity, eternize+/eternalise: eternalised/eternalize: eternalized, eternalizes, eternalizing/eternise: eternised, eternises, eternising/ eternity: eternities/eternize: eternized, eternizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Called “Eternal Sites: From Bamiyan to Palmyra,” the show aims to draw attention to the rising threats to global heritage.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
But these were questions to add to the eternal mystery of Egyptian police work.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
There is something profound & terrible in this eternal desire to establish contact.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 永恒的，永久的; 似乎不停的，没完没了的; 不朽的; 永生的
n. 永恒的事物; Eternal 上帝，与定冠词the 连用
分布：永恒的(85%)，永久的(12%)，永恒的事(3%)
→来自拉丁语aeviternus, 永久，永恒。来自词根ev, 长久，时期，词源同eon, longevity.
n.永久的,永恒的The principles of Paris Commune are eternal.巴黎公社的原则是永存的.
【源】The Eternal＝god上帝（被认为是永恒之神）
【反】ephemeral（adj 朝生暮死的）
US [-'tɝ:-] adjective
■lasting forever or for a very long time 永远的，永恒的；长期的
• The company is engaged in the eternal search for a product that will lead the market. 该公司一直在进行长期的研究，以开发出可以引领市场的产品。
• Will you two never stop your eternal arguing! 你们两个吵个没完没了，就不能停一停吗！
UK [ɪ'tɜ:.nəl] US [-'tɝ:-] adjective
Hope springs eternal. saying
■said when you are hopeful that something will happen although it seems unlikely 希望之泉永不枯竭；希望常在
permanent, eternal, perpetual, everlasting, endless
这些形容词均有“持久的，永久的”之意。
permanent: 指总是处于相同的情况和地位，可长期持续下去，永久不变。
eternal: 语体较庄重，侧重指永远存在，无始无终。
perpetual: 语气最强，指保持永久不变，没有中断的行为，永无止境地持续下去。有时用于贬义，指令人厌烦之事。
everlasting: 语气较庄重，有时可与eternal换用，侧重持续不尽，或指开始后一直进行下去。
endless: 系日常用词，指无尽无休。
adj. 永恒的；不朽的
 - permanent, lasting, everlasting, undying, timeless

Word: visionary
Front: visionary
[ˈvɪʒənri] (宝 9013/14831 -1)
Vocabulary: visionary
(once / 1442 pages)
nadj
You've got big ideas. Crazy ideas. But forward-thinking ideas — ideas that just might change the way the world works. You're considered a visionary.
Visionaries are ahead of their time, always thinking creatively. You could say that a visionary can envision what the future holds and come up with solutions that fit that picture. Those wild ideas aren't always met with appreciation though. Skeptics think that visionaries aren't grounded in reality. And usually the visionaries tell them to stop being so shortsighted!
WORD FAMILY
visionary: visionaries+/ envision: envisioned, envisioning, envisions/ vision: envision, visionary, visions
USAGE EXAMPLES
This led Hamilton to conclude that “Burr would consider a scheme of usurpation as visionary.”
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
“It means I’m imaginative, intuitive about ideas, visionary, enjoys the unusual and learns by experimenting.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The alto saxophonist and producer Terrace Martin released his proper debut album, while collaborating with a visionary elder, Herbie Hancock.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 空想的，幻想的; 预言性的; 有远见的; 有智慧的
n. 空想家; 预言家; 有远见的人，有智慧的人
分布：空想家(40%)，幻想的(25%)，有远见卓识的(20%)，梦想者(15%)
幻想的(vision+ary)[vis,vid=see表示"看"]
【记】vision（n 视力；视觉；幻想；v 梦见；想象），ary：白日梦的
US [-er.i] noun countable
RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCE 宗教经验
■a person who has a religious or spiritual experience in which they see a holy person who is not living or they see a holy event that cannot be explained scientifically 出现宗教幻觉的人；看到神灵显灵的人
UK ['vɪʒ.ən.ri] US [-er.i] noun countable
VIEW OF THE FUTURE 对未来的看法
■a person who has the ability to imagine how a country, society, industry, etc. will develop in the future and to plan in a suitable way 有眼光的人，有远见卓识的人
UK ['vɪʒ.ən.ri] US [-er.i] adjective
VIEW OF THE FUTURE 对未来的看法
■with the ability to imagine how a country, society, industry, etc. will develop in the future 眼光；远见；眼力
• a visionary author 有远见的作者
• visionary thinking 前瞻性思维
UK ['vɪʒ.ən.ri] US [-er.i] adjective
RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCE 宗教经验
■relating to a religious vision 宗教异象的；神灵显灵的
adj. 梦想的；幻影的
 - dreamy, adream
n. 空想家；梦想者；有眼力的人
 - daydreamer, fancier

Word: realism
Front: realism
[ˈri:əlɪzəm] (托 7175/6105 -1)
Vocabulary: realism
(once / 487 pages)
1n 2n
Realism is an approach to life that means dealing with the way things are. If you see the world through the lens of realism, you accept what's in front of you and don't pretend it's otherwise.
For those who follow the doctrine of realism, it's "just the facts, ma'am." What you see is what you get; if you can't see it or touch it, it doesn't really exist. Realism is more than just a way of approaching life; it is a formal philosophy and a 19th-century art movement, where animals and people and landscapes are depicted as they appear — no purple and green faces or polka-dotted ponies, just people and trees and landscapes painted in proportions and colors that look like the real thing.
WORD FAMILY
realism: realisms, realist, realistic, unrealism+/irreality: irrealities/ real: realer, reales, realest, realism, reality, really, realness, reals, reis, unreal/ realist: realists/ realistic: realistically, unrealistic/ reality: irreality, realities/ really: reallys/unreal: unreality, unreally/unrealism: unrealisms/unrealistic: unrealistically/unreality: unrealities
USAGE EXAMPLES
The underlying absurdity of those shows was redoubled through his lens, occasionally in the form of magical realism.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
These fictional folks are rendered with near-documentary realism and just a hint of impressionist license.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
All the while, her remarkable draftsmanship shines through, sliding into caricature when appropriate and snapping back into realism or sketch.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. （文艺的）现实主义; 现实主义的态度和行为; <哲>唯实论; 实在论
分布：写实主义(63%)，唯实论(25%)，现实态度(12%)
→real,真实的，现实的，-ism,主义，思想。
US ['ri:.ə-] noun uncountable
THOUGHT 注重
■a way of thinking and acting based on the facts of a situation and what appears to be possible, rather than on hopes for things which are unlikely to happen 现实（性）；务实作风；注重实际
• His decision not to expand the business shows his down-to-earth realism. 他决定不扩大经营规模，这显示了他脚踏实地的务实作风。
Compare idealism specialized
■in science and philosophy, the belief that objects continue to exist in the world even when no one is there to see them （科学或哲学的）实在主义，实在论，唯实论
UK ['rɪə.lɪ.zəm] US ['ri:.ə-] noun uncountable
ART 艺术 specialized
■paintings, films, books, etc. that try to represent life as it really is （绘画、电影、书籍等的）现实主义，现实主义风格
• The anti-drugs adverts used hand-held camera techniques to add to the gritty realism of the situations. 反吸毒宣传广告运用了手提式摄像机实拍手法，更加真实地揭示出毒品的危害。
n. [法] 现实主义；实在论；现实主义的态度和行为
 - actualism

Word: reliability
Front: reliability
[rɪˌlaɪə'bɪlətɪ] (四六托 4202/6672)
Vocabulary: reliability
(once / 5265 pages)
n
It's nice when someone compliments your reliability because it means they think you are dependable. Things that are known for reliability? Your best friend, sunrise, sunset and unfortunately also taxes.
The word is a new one and didn't become common until after 1850 during the Industrial Revolution. Before things were mass produced, how reliable they were was not such an issue. Interesting fact: reliability is an American word, and the Brits scoffed at its new usage.
WORD FAMILY
reliable: reliability, reliableness, reliably, unreliable +/ reliance: reliances, self-reliance/ reliant: reliantly, self-reliant/ rely: reliable, reliance, reliant, relied, relies, relying/unreliability: unreliabilities/ unreliable: unreliability, unreliableness, unreliably
USAGE EXAMPLES
There are three primary networks--the Eastern Interconnect, Western Interconnect and the Electric Reliability Council of Texas--and smaller grids within those three groups.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Reliability improves because of intensified repairs and maintenance under the SafeTrack program.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
VW brand’s other challenges include a shattered U.S. dealer force and a reputation for reliability that rivals country-music great George Jones.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 可靠，可信赖
分布：可靠性(100%)
ADJ-GRADED
可靠的;可信赖的
People or things that are reliable can be trusted to work well or to behave in the way that you want them to.
例：She was efficient and reliable...她办事很有效率，也很可靠。
例：Japanese cars are so reliable.日本产的汽车质量非常可靠。
ADJ-GRADED
(信息)可靠的，可信的,确凿的
Information that is reliable or that is from a reliable source is very likely to be correct.
例：There is no reliable information about civilian casualties...关于平民的伤亡还没有确凿的信息。
例：It's very difficult to give a reliable estimate...要给出可靠的估计非常困难。
n. [自] 可靠性
 - dependability, relable

Word: terrain
Front: terrain
[təˈreɪn] (六托雅宝 4492/7806 -1)
Vocabulary: terrain
(once / 1209 pages)
n
An ATV, or all-terrain vehicle, is useful for people who drive on lots of different terrain, hence the name. Terrain is a noun used to talk about the ground, when you're specifically interested in how it appears or is shaped.
In times of war, you'll often hear the term "hostile terrain" used to describe a region with lots of mountains, vast stretches of desert, or impenetrable jungles. These are all areas of difficult terrain that are hard to pass. Much of humankind's history can be traced by its effort to alter the terrain. We've made mountains into meadows, rivers into lakes, and prairies into roads, all to make the terrain more livable for us. You could even go so far as to say that a person's psyche is mysterious terrain.
WORD FAMILY
terrain: terrains
USAGE EXAMPLES
To minimize erosion, terrain, soil structure and rainfall are also considered.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The major difficulty in cheetah conservation is that the animals range across large expanses of terrain, crossing the boundaries of refuges and nations.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
To the north and west are fields of corn and soybeans, a classic, flat Midwestern terrain.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 地形，地势; 地面，地带; [地理]岩层; （知识的）领域范围
分布：地形(91%)，地带(9%)
→terra-,土地，陆地，-ain,名词后缀。引申词义地形，地势。
地形;地域(terr+ain)[terr=eartth表示"土地"]
noun uncountable
■an area of land, when considering its natural features 地形，地势；地带
• The car handles particularly well on rough terrain. 这种汽车特别适宜在崎岖不平的地带行驶。
n. 地形，地势；领域； [地理] 地带
 - domain, province, world, kingdom, universe

Word: spacecraft
Front: spacecraft
[ˈspeɪskrɑ:ft] (研四六托 6442/17270 -1)
Back: n. [航天]宇宙飞船，航天器
分布：宇宙飞船(100%)
→space,太空，craft,船只，飞行器。 spaceman 宇航员
n.宇宙飞船I paced in the peaceful spacecraft.我在宁静的宇宙飞船里踱步.
US [-kræft] (plural spacecraft)
noun countable
■a vehicle used for travel in space 太空船
• a manned/unmanned spacecraft (= with/without people inside) 载人／无人驾驶的太空船
n. 宇宙飞船， [航] 航天器
 - aerospacecraft, astrovehicle

Word: stubborn
Front: stubborn
[ˈstʌbən] (高研六托雅宝 7548/9547 -2)
Vocabulary: stubborn
(once / 473 pages)
adj
Use the adjective stubborn to describe someone who is not open to new ideas or ways of doing things, like your uncle who refuses to listen to any music made after 1990. Stubborn is the opposite of flexible.
The Middle English version of stubborn carried the sense of “untamable, implacable,” and there’s still a hint of that in how it is used today. A stubborn person holds on to a view or an attitude, refusing to change — to the point of being unreasonable. Things can also be stubborn, like a stain that no amount of scrubbing can clean or a medical condition that, even with treatment, doesn't improve.
WORD FAMILY
stubborn: stubborner, stubbornest, stubbornly, stubbornness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Despite his stubborn refusal to be alarmist, Mass admits there’s climatological drama on our horizon.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
However, against a stubborn West Ham they managed a rare clean sheet which was the basis upon which last season's title success.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
“He really believes in how he acted. He’s just a stubborn old man.”
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 顽固的，固执的; 顽强的或有决心的; 坚持的; 棘手的
分布：顽固的(70%)，倔强的(25%)，难对付的(5%)
→可能来自 stub,树桩，树墩，-orn,形容词后缀。引申词义顽固的，执拗的。
a.顽固的,倔强的;难对付的,难以克服的The corps' corn in the corner is scorned by the stubborn corporation.军团种在角落里的玉米遭到顽固公司的蔑视.
US [-ɚn] mainly disapproving
adjective
 ADVANCED
■describes someone who is determined to do what they want and refuses to do anything else 顽固的，执拗的，倔强的
• They have massive rows because they're both so stubborn. 他们俩吵得很凶，因为他们两个人都很固执。
■Things that are stubborn are difficult to move, change or deal with 难移动的；难改变的；难对付的
• He was famed for his stubborn resistance and his refusal to accept defeat. 他以顽强抵抗、不甘失败著称。
• Stubborn stains can be removed using a small amount of detergent. 使用少量清洁剂即可去除顽渍。
UK ['stʌb.ən] US [-ɚn] mainly disapproving
adjective
be as stubborn as a mule
■to be very stubborn 倔得像头驴子，非常固执
obstinate, stubborn
这组词都有“固执的，顽固的”的意思，其区别是：
obstinate: 指无理地固执已见或听不进他人忠告、意见等顽固性格。
stubborn: 用于褒义指坚定不移，执意顽强；用于贬义指固执已见，侧重生性固执。
adj. 顽固的；顽强的；难处理的
 - resistant, problem

Word: trademark
Front: trademark
[ˈtreɪdmɑ:k] (研六 6787/14559)
Vocabulary: trademark
(once / 377 pages)
nv
A trademark is a distinctive feature of something or someone, and to trademark is to brand something, especially in a legal sense.
You know how a comedian often has a particular joke she's famous for? That's her trademark. A trademark is something specific to a person that can be used to identify her. The legal sense of trademark is an official representation of a business or product that only they can legally use — like the Nike swoosh or their motto "Just do it."
WORD FAMILY
trademark: trademarked, trademarking, trademarks
USAGE EXAMPLES
Patent and Trademark Office and parts of the Agriculture and Labor departments.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
The complaint said the defendants are “advertising, selling, manufacturing, promoting and distributing multiple products” in the group's trademarked name.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Eyewear, hats, T-shirts, wallets and patches are among the items referenced, some of which are said to use the Run-D.M.C. trademark.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. （注册）商标; （人的行为或衣着的）特征，标记
分布：商标(100%)
→trade,贸易，mark,标记。引申词义商标。
商标(trade贸易+mark)[mark=sign,表示"记号,符号"]
n.商标;特征vt.注册的...商标The graduated comrade gradually graded the trademarks after the parade.阅兵过后,那位毕了业的同志逐渐将商标分了等级.
【记】trade贸易，mark记号：商标
US [-mɑ:rk] noun countable
PRODUCT 产品
■a name or a symbol which is put on a product to show that it is made by a particular producer and which cannot be legally used by any other producer 商标
• Velcro is a registered trademark. 维可牢是一个注册商标。
UK ['treɪd.mɑ:k] US [-mɑ:rk] noun countable
TYPICAL 典型的
■something very noticeable that a person typically has or does （某人的）标记，特征
• He was wearing one of the brightly coloured ties that are his trademark. 他戴着一条有个人特色的亮色领带。
• She gave one of her trademark smiles. 她展露她那特有的微笑。
trademark, brand
这组词都有“商标”的意思，其区别是：
trademark: 指通过合法注册而印在商品上的特殊标记，即商标。
brand: 指生产厂家为自己的产品所取的专用名称。
n. [贸易] 商标
 - brand, logo, label

Word: anglican

Word: carrefour
Front: carrefour
['kærɪfʊə] None
Back: n. 道路交叉点，叉路; 家乐福超市
分布：十字路口(50%)，广场(25%)，集市场所(25%)
n. 家乐福（财富500强公司之一）；道路交叉点，十字路口
 - crossing, intersection

Word: clumsy
Front: clumsy
[ˈklʌmzi] (高研四六托雅宝 9209/8653 -1)
Vocabulary: clumsy
(once / 556 pages)
1adj 2adj
Someone clumsy is a klutz. They're awkward, ungraceful, and walk like they have two left feet. Something hard to handle — like a huge box — is also clumsy.
A badly told story is told in a clumsy way, and a couch that's hard to move clumsy to carry. But mostly being clumsy is embarrassing. Dropping things, tripping a lot, and stumbling are all examples of clumsiness. Clumsy people usually aren't too good at sports or dancing. And you certainly don't want a clumsy surgeon. Most people are a little clumsy when they're teenagers — growing so fast makes it hard to be sure of yourself physically.
WORD FAMILY
clumsy: clumsier, clumsiest, clumsily, clumsiness+/clumsiness: clumsinesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Russia called the penalties a clumsy yet aggressive attempt to “harm Russian-American ties.”
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
“Cute” is dancing toddlers, puppies and clumsy kittens, anything involving that optimal eye-size-to-head-size ratio.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
What about a clumsy, anxious Luddite who's paranoid about slicing someone's ear off?
BBC(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: adj. 笨拙的; 复杂难懂的; 得罪人的; （文体等）臃肿的
级别：clumsier, clumsiest
分布：笨拙的(85%)，笨重的(8%)，不得体的(7%)
→词源可能clod,clot,clump.词义由大块头引申为不方便，笨拙。
a.笨拙的,愚笨的He is clumsy with tools.他不擅于使用工具.
【参】clumsily（adv 笨拙地，粗陋地，不漂亮地）
adjective
 ADVANCED
■awkward in movement or manner 笨拙的，不灵活的；不得体的
• The first mobile phones were heavy and clumsy to use, but nowadays they are much easier to handle. 第一代手机用起来很笨重，而现在的手机就轻便多了。
• My attempts to apologize were very clumsy (= not said well). 我想道歉，却拙嘴笨舌的。
 ADVANCED
■describes someone who often has accidents because they do not behave in a careful, controlled way 笨手笨脚，不灵巧
• That's the third glass you've smashed this week - you're so clumsy! 这已经是你这个星期打破的第三只杯子了——真是太笨了！
sensible, conscious, awkward, aware, clumsy
这组词都有“笨拙的”的意思，其区别是：
sensible: 侧重通过直觉或理性感觉意识到某物的存在。 awkward, clumsy
conscious: 指内心的感觉，强调深刻的心理活动。
awkward: 侧重缺乏优雅、机敏和技巧。用于物时，指使用不便。
aware: 强调通过耳闻目睹或感觉而得到的信息，也指敏税的观察和推断。侧重感知，多与of一起用。
clumsy: 指人时，侧重行动笨拙；指物时，侧重制作粗陋或体积、重量过大而呈现笨重。
adj. 笨拙的
 - awkward, inept

Word: detractor
Front: detractor
[dɪˈtræktə(r)] (12443/19313 -1)
Vocabulary: detractor
(once / 4811 pages)
n
A detractor is someone who puts you down. When you're proposing ideas at work, your detractor is the person who finds fault with everything you say.
Use the noun detractor for someone who is always critical. You might describe your brother as a detractor of the government if he complains incessantly about taxes, voting, the President, and all the members of Congress. If a person takes a dislike to you in particular, he is your own personal detractor. The origin of detractor goes back to the Latin word detrahere, "take down, pull down, or disparage."
WORD FAMILY
detractor: detractors+/ detract: detracted, detracting, detraction, detractive, detractor, detracts/ detraction: detractions
USAGE EXAMPLES
His detractors accuse him of excessive charm, but it may be more accurate to say that he edits brutality from his world view.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
"Such a scam. Donate to the theatre directly if you want to," one detractor wrote on the GoFundMe page.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Fifth Harmony attempted to silence detractors with the sophomore effort “7/27.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 贬低者
分布：贬低者(100%)
毁谤者(detract贬损+or人)[tract=draw,表示"拉,拖"]
【记】de向下，tract拉，or人－把你从台上拉下来的人－贬低者用tractor（n 拖拉机）把别人拉de下来的人－贬低者
【反】proponent（n 支持者）；apologist（n 辩护者）；extol（v 赞美）－detract（v 诽谤）
US [-tɚ] noun countable
■someone who criticizes something or someone, often unfairly 恶意批评者，贬低者
• His detractors claim that his fierce temper makes him unsuitable for party leadership. 他的批评者声称他脾气暴躁，不适合做政党领导。
n. 贬低者；诽谤者
 - slanderer, traducer

Word: extortion
Front: extortion
[ɪk'stɔ:ʃn] (14121/20529)
Vocabulary: extortion
(once / 2357 pages)
n
Extortion means forcing someone into giving you something through threats. A bully who tells kids he'll beat them up if they don't give him their lunch money is guilty of extortion.
Because extortion is a crime––mobsters are often charged with it––the word has a strict, legal meaning. It's the act of using threats or force to obtain something from someone. But the word is used in a general context as well. As you sell $5 boxes of M&Ms door-to-door to pay for your band trip to Florida, cranky neighbors may complain that, "At this price, it's extortion!" meaning they feel you're forcing them to give you their money.
WORD FAMILY
extortion: extortioner, extortionist, extortions+/ extort: extorted, extorting, extortion, extorts/extortioner: extortioners/extortionist: extortionists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Cuomo’s administration was rocked by a federal investigation into alleged extortion and bribery connected to some of his most prized economic development initiatives.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
He was convicted of bribery and extortion and served 19 months in prison, but he maintained his innocence and wrote a book about his experience.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Some lawmakers argued it bordered on extortion or ransom.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 敲诈，勒索; 被勒索的财物; 敲诈者; [法]恐吓取财
分布：勒索(55%)，敲诈(42%)，强取(3%)
强夺,勒索[tort=twist表示"扭曲"]
N-UNCOUNT
敲诈罪;勒索罪
Extortion is the crime of obtaining something from someone, especially money, by using force or threats.
例：He has been charged with extortion and abusing his powers.他被控犯有敲诈勒索罪和滥用职权罪。
n. 勒索； [法] 敲诈；强夺；被勒索的财物
 - chantage, blackmail

Word: feast
Front: feast
[fi:st] (高研四六雅 5910/5626 -2)
Vocabulary: feast
(once / 167 pages)
1nv 2nv
A feast is a huge, delicious meal that's served at a party or celebration. You might have a feast to celebrate the last day of school every year.
You can use the word feast in several different ways. It's good for describing the meal you eat at a party, or as a verb meaning "to eat in celebration." You might feast for several days during your family reunion. You can also use feast figuratively to mean a delight, as when you say, "Your garden is a feast for the eyes, Grandma." The Latin root, festa, means "holidays or feasts," from festus, "festive, joyful, or merry."
WORD FAMILY
feast: feasted, feasting, feasts+/feasting: feastings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Tuesday’s celebration included dance, song, prayer, drumming and ended with a feast to share the harvest.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Many who left Mosul hope that their city, battered by years of war and brutalized by IS, will retain its immoveable feast.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
You might as well be feasting in a Vegas casino, surrounded by desert.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 盛会; 宴会; 宗教节日; 使人欢快的事物（或活动）
vi. 大吃大喝，享用美食; 参加宴会
vt. 款待（某人），宴请（某人）
时态：feasted, feasting, feasts
分布：宴会(74%)，酒席(11%)，享乐(5%)，节会(4%)，请客(4%)，款宴(2%)
→来自festival, 宗教节日，节日。引申词义盛宴。
n.节日;宴会On the eastern Easter feast, at least one beast's breasts were tested with yeast.在东部复活节宴会上,至少有一头牲畜的乳房被用酵母做了试验.
noun
FOOD 食物
countable
■a special meal with very good food or a large meal for many people 盛宴；宴会
• "What a feast!" she said, surveying all the dishes on the table. “多丰盛的宴席啊！”她一边打量着桌上的菜肴，一边说道。
• a wedding feast 婚宴
[fi:st] noun
ENJOYABLE THING 享受的事物
only singular
■a very enjoyable experience for the senses, especially a visual or musical experience （感官）享受
• a visual feast 视觉盛宴
• His food is a feast for the eyes as well as the palate. 他做的菜既赏心悦目又让人大饱口福。
only singular
■a collection of something to be enjoyed 令人喜爱的事物
• The team contains a veritable feast of international talent. 这个团队里有一批名副其实的国际人才。
[fi:st] noun
CELEBRATION 庆祝
countable
■a day on which a religious event or person is remembered and celebrated （宗教）节日
• the Feast of St James/the Passover 圣雅各节／逾越节
• a Muslim feast day 一个穆斯林节日
[fi:st] verb
feast your eyes on sth/sb literary
■to look at someone or something with great enjoyment 尽情欣赏；看到…大饱眼福
• As you cruise the waterways, feast your eyes on the gorgeous views of the illuminated city. 沿水路乘船漫游时，尽管饱览城市灯火辉煌的绚丽景色吧。
[fi:st] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  feast on sth literary
■to eat a lot of good food and enjoy it very much 尽情享用（美味佳肴）
• We feasted on smoked salmon and champagne. 我们尽情享用了熏鲑鱼和香槟。
dinner, feast, banquet, party
这组词都有“宴会”的意思，其区别是：
dinner: 普通用词，含义广。本义指一日的主餐，但多用于指宴请客人的正式的一餐。
feast: 指筵席酒席，有时可与banquet换用，但前者强调共享欢乐的气氛。
banquet: 指正式而盛大的宴会或国宴。
party: 指一般的社交聚会，也引申指宴请或宴会。
vt. 享受；款待，宴请
 - enjoy, guest
n. 筵席，宴会；节日
 - festival, holiday
vi. 享受；参加宴会
 - banquet

Word: flounder
Front: flounder
[ˈflaʊndə(r)] (托宝 16327/14667 -2)
Vocabulary: flounder
(once / 1508 pages)
1v 2n
A flounder is a flat fish with both eyes on one side of its head; and, as a verb, to flounder is to wobble around like a fish out of water.
To flounder is to be unsteady or uncertain. It's probably from the Dutch word floddern, "to flop about," or it's a mix of founder ("to fail") and blunder ("do something clumsy"). If you flounder in the ocean, you need a surfer dude to scoop you up. You don't have to be in water, though; you can flounder any time you're a little wobbly — like after a long hike or during the last hour of the SATs. Either way, when you flounder, you wish you were a flat fish at the bottom of the sea.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
flounder / founder
To flounder is to struggle, but to founder is to sink like a stone and fail. Both are fun as nouns, not so fun as verbs.
A flounder is a fish, but as a verb, it means to blunder about, to be in serious trouble. In the following examples, something is struggling but hasn't completely failed:
He set out for it, limping, while the sharp gravel rolled under his bleeding feet as he floundered up the climbing trail. (Harold Bindloss)
It is a war that has floundered for nine years without a rational strategy and may endure for another decade. (Sydney Morning Herald)
Just as he turned around that floundering business, he suggests, so too could he reverse the country's sagging fortunes as its chief executive. (Washington Post)
A founder is someone who starts something, but as a verb, founder literally means "to sink." Figuratively, it's "to collapse or fail completely." Here are some examples of sinking and failing:
Pratt resisted the impulse of most Mormons to head back to the foundering ship. (Salt Lake Tribune)
Xinhua, in an English-language commentary, said China could not stand by while its largest trading partner foundered. (Reuters)
Yet negotiations over new gas contracts have foundered. (Economist)
Flounder and founder are happy little nouns that don't get mixed up. But it all falls apart when they're verbs — if you're floundering, you're struggling. If you're foundering, you're failing completely. You're sunk! You can't even hold onto the letter l.
WORD FAMILY
flounder: floundered, floundering, flounders
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Mississippi Department of Marine Resources says the commercial fishing seasons for flounder, red drum and greater amberjack will each open at 12:01 a.m.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Although the GOP attempted to implement immigration reform under George W. Bush’s presidency, this attempt floundered.
Salon(Dec 18, 2016)
Flounder are good on the falling tide around marsh drains on jigs tipped with shrimp.
Washington Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: vi. 挣扎，折腾; 着慌，勉强应付; 行为言语错乱
n. 挣扎，踉跄前进; 比目鱼
时态：floundered, floundering, flounders
分布：挣扎(45%)，比目鱼(32%)，鲽(14%)，踌躇(3%)，错乱的行动(3%)，笨拙而错乱地说或做(3%)
→来自辅音丛fl, 扑腾，拍打，拟声词，词源同flap, flag, flutter. 引申词义挣扎，折腾。flounder 比目鱼
【记】flo＝flow，under：在水下面没有氧气瓶－挣扎
【反】act gracefully（优雅地动）；slide（v /n 滑行）
US [-dɚ] verb intransitive
■to experience great difficulties or be completely unable to decide what to do or say next 困难重重；艰苦挣扎；不知所措
• He lost the next page of his speech and floundered (about/around) for a few seconds. 他把演讲稿的下一页弄丢了，支支吾吾了几秒钟。
• Although his business was a success, his marriage was floundering. 他虽然事业有成，可婚姻却陷入困境。
• In 1986 Richardson resigned as chairman, leaving the company floundering. 1986年，理查森辞去了董事长职务，公司因此在困境中苦苦挣扎。
UK ['flaʊn.dər] US [-dɚ] noun countable or uncountable (plural flounder or flounders)
■a flat fish that lives in the sea, or its flesh eaten as food 鲆，鲽；鲆鱼肉
vi. 挣扎，折腾；错乱地做事或说话
 - struggle along
n. 挣扎，辗转；比目鱼
 - flatfish, plaice

Word: nostalgia
Front: nostalgia
[nɒˈstældʒə] (托雅宝 8085/8683 -1)
Vocabulary: nostalgia
(once / 3791 pages)
n
Think of the noun, nostalgia, when you long for the good old days of the past.
The noun nostalgia was invented by a Swiss doctor in the late 1600s. He put together the Greek nostos "homecoming" and algos "pain, distress" as a literal translation of the German Heimweh "homesickness." Originally, it was a medical diagnosis for mercenary soldiers. Today, it describes a bittersweet longing for the past. Think of the dreamy way your grandpa tells stories of his childhood — he's got nostalgia.
WORD FAMILY
nostalgia: nostalgias+/ nostalgic: nostalgia, nostalgically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mills met this swift rebuttal of his nostalgia with a game smile.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
The appeal of the outdoor game lies in the sport's roots, anchored by romantic nostalgia and wintery charm.
Reuters(Jan 01, 2017)
Perhaps what this tour does best is amp up this kind of nostalgia.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 对往事的怀恋; 怀旧; 乡愁; 怀乡病
分布：乡愁(56%)，怀旧之情(37%)，向往过去(7%)
→来自希腊语nostos,回家，家乡，来自nes,我们，词源同nostrum,our,us.引申词义我们的家，家园，-algia,疾痛，痛苦，词源同neuralgia,myalgia.引申词义思乡，怀旧。
思乡病(nost家+alg+ia→想家)[alg=pain,表示"痛"]
思乡情(病)(nost+alg病+ia病→想家就痛的病→思乡病)[nost=home,表示"家"]
【记】nost家，alg痛，ia一想家就痛的病
【参】nostrum（n 祖传秘方）
US [nɑ:'stæl-] noun uncountable
■a feeling of pleasure and sometimes slight sadness at the same time as you think about things that happened in the past 对往事的怀念，怀旧，念旧
• Some people feel nostalgia for their schooldays. 有些人对自己的学生时代充满了怀旧之情。
• Hearing that tune again filled him with nostalgia. 再次听到那首曲子让他心中充满对往事的怀念。
• a wave (= sudden strong feeling) of nostalgia 一阵强烈的怀旧感
n. 乡愁；怀旧之情；怀乡病
 - homesickness

Word: hound
Front: hound
[haʊnd] (研六雅 9177/8069 -2)
Vocabulary: hound
(once / 373 pages)
1nv 2n
A hound is a type of dog with big floppy ears, mainly used for hunting. To hound someone is to relentlessly pursue or pester them. When Elvis sings, “You ain’t nothing but a hound dog,” he’s referring to both.
Hounds are dogs that have traditionally been used for hunting because they are excellent at tracking. Most hounds (like beagles and dachshunds) have drooping, floppy ears. Hounds can also be big and scary like the one Sherlock Holmes investigates in The Hound of the Baskervilles. If people hound, they hunt, too, but just in an annoying way. A man can hound a woman by asking for a date 10 times. A hounding person is persistent and probably annoying.
WORD FAMILY
hound: hounded, hounding, hounds
USAGE EXAMPLES
They were also in response to what Washington says is the unpleasant hounding of US diplomats in Moscow over a period of years.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Saleh, who calls himself a “professional idiot”, is a publicity hound, and that’s fine for him.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
Remember the scene in “A Christmas Story,” with the Bumpus hounds?
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 猎狗，猎犬; 卑劣的人; [动]角鲨，星鲨，弓鳍鱼; 有…迷[瘾]的人
vt. 追猎; 不断侵扰，烦扰; 激励; 嗾使，煽动
时态：hounded, hounding, hounds
分布：猎狗(56%)，烦扰(16%)，紧追(7%)，迷(7%)，催促(5%)，追踪者(5%)，可鄙之人(2%)，带猎犬狩猎(2%)
→来自古英语hund,狗，来自kwon,狗，词源同canine,cynic,kennel.引申词义猎犬，猎狗。
n.猎狗;卑鄙的人vt.用猎狗追,追逐Abundance doesn't mean redundance. The hound found a profound book on the roundabout.充裕并不意味多余.猎犬在旋转木马上找到一本深奥的书.
noun countable
■a dog used for hunting, especially a foxhound 猎狗；（尤指）猎狐犬
[haʊnd] verb transitive
■to chase someone or refuse to leave them alone, especially because you want to get something from them; harass 追赶；（不停地）烦扰
• The reporters wouldn't stop hounding her. 记者不停地烦扰她。
[haʊnd] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  hound sb out
■to force someone to leave a job or a place 逼迫（某人）离开
• He claims he was hounded out of his job by a group of students who disapproved of his views. 他声称自己是被一群与他观点不合的学生逼迫离职的。
vt. 追猎；烦扰；激励
 - stimulate, eat, burden, power
n. 猎犬；卑劣的人
 - hunter, gundog

Word: statistician
Front: statistician
[ˌstætɪˈstɪʃn] (17983/15925 -1)
Vocabulary: statistician
(once / 7172 pages)
n
Numbers, numbers and more numbers. A statistician is a math expert who uses huge amounts of data to figure out how likely it is that something will happen, like your chances of winning the lottery.
See the word statistics in statistician? A statistician is an expert in the field of statistics, something you hear or see every day — the percentage of Americans who have cell phones, or how likely you are to be fit and healthy if you live in Oregon are statistics. The people who figure these things out are statisticians.
WORD FAMILY
statistician: statisticians+/ statistical: statistically/ statistics: statistic, statistical, statistician
USAGE EXAMPLES
Otherwise, statisticians list the age-group record variously as 6:35:47 or 6:46:34.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
And now Tversky meant to argue that everyone’s a natural statistician?
Slate(Dec 21, 2016)
More than half of El Pasoans are Catholics or evangelical Christians, according to the Association of Statisticians of American Religious Bodies.
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. 统计学家，统计员
分布：统计学家(63%)，统计员(37%)
→statistics,统计学，统计数据，-ian,人。
noun countable
■someone who studies or is an expert in statistics 统计学家；统计员
n. 统计学家，统计员
 - statistical clerk

Word: honesty
Front: honesty
[ˈɒnəsti] (四六 6192/6858 -2)
Vocabulary: honesty
(once / 478 pages)
1n 2n
If you tell the truth, you possess the quality of honesty. If someone offers a harsh criticism of your latest attempt at songwriting, you might say, "Thank you for your honesty." Even if you don't mean it.
The original meaning of honesty had more to do with honor than truthfulness, although the two are naturally linked. The trait of honesty has been prized for centuries, and Shakespeare once wrote, "Honesty is the best policy. If I lose mine honor, I lose myself." The honesty flower, sometimes called the money plant, is so named because its coin-shaped seedpods are translucent, the idea of transparency symbolizing integrity.
WORD FAMILY
honesty: honesties
USAGE EXAMPLES
The French-Moroccan’s images explored themes of diaspora, displacement and identity with unsparing honesty.
Time(Dec 30, 2016)
All-American linebacker Reuben Foster noted how Saban’s brutal honesty, such as telling recruits they might not get the chance to play, was refreshing.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Beneath the veneer of highfalutin intellectualism and the comedy of blunt honesty, the viewer responds to the truth of those connections.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 诚实，真诚; 正直; 〈古〉贞洁; [植]一年生缎花
分布：诚实(91%)，正直(9%)
→来自honest,诚实的，正直的。
【反】improbity（n 不正直；不诚实）
US ['ɑ:.nə-] noun uncountable
 ADVANCED
■the quality of being honest 诚实
• I appreciate your honesty. 我很欣赏你的诚实。
• I must tell you in all honesty (= truthfully and hiding nothing) that there is little chance of the scheme being approved. 我必须老实告诉你，这个计划几乎不可能得到批准。
UK ['ɒn.ə.sti] US ['ɑ:.nə-] noun uncountable
Honesty is the best policy. saying
■said to advise someone that it is better to tell the truth than to lie 诚实是上策。
honesty, justice, integrity
这组词都有“诚实，正直”的意思，其区别是：
honesty: 普通用词，侧重为人忠厚，老实，正直，不欺骗，不说谎。
justice: 侧重办事或处事公正、公道不偏心。
integrity: 指品格纯正，有高度是非感，正直诚实，受人敬佩。
n. 诚实，正直
 - integrity, truth, good faith, righteousness, veracity

Word: glue
Front: glue
[glu:] (高研四六托雅 7268/7883 -K2)
Vocabulary: glue
(once / 1220 pages)
nv
Glue is a liquid adhesive, used to stick two items together. A little kid may use Elmer's glue to decorate an art project, and you may use Krazy Glue to repair a mug's broken handle. Whatever the case, you hope the glue sticks.
Most glue comes in a squeeze bottle and is used in small drips and lines to paste one material to another, but some glue comes in solid sticks that aren't as messy. When you stick one thing to another with glue, you glue it. The Old French source of glue is glu, from the Latin gluten, which means both "glue" and "beeswax."
WORD FAMILY
glue: glued, glues, gluey, gluing+/gluey: glueily, glueyness, gluiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
She ordered takeout rigatoni from a restaurant in the East Village the night she spent glued to the TV, watching the Republican National Convention.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
On the “Collateral Beauty” set, many of the formations he helped build were glued together to guard against errant elbows.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
“It is a little bit of the glue for the family at this time, since the family is so dispersed around the country.”
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. 胶合; 紧附于
n. 胶水; 胶粘物; 粘聚力
时态：glued, gluing, glues
分布：胶(66%)，胶水(31%)，粘贴(1%)，胶粘物(1%)，紧附于(1%)
→来自glei, 黏，粘，词源同clay, cling.
n.胶,胶水v.胶合,粘贴I didn't evaluate the blue glue due to the vague plague.因为不明确的瘟疫,我没有对蓝色胶水估价.
noun uncountable
 ADVANCED
■a sticky substance which is used for joining things together permanently, produced from animal bones and skins or by a chemical process 胶；胶水
[glu:] verb transitive usually + adverb or preposition (glueing or gluing, glued, glued)
■to join things together using glue 用胶粘
• Is it worth trying to glue this plate back together? 还值得把这个碟子重新黏好吗？
• I've nearly finished making my model aeroplane - I just have to glue the wings on. 我快把飞机模型做好了——只需把机翼黏上就行。
[glu:] verb transitive usually + adverb or preposition (glueing or gluing, glued, glued)
be glued to sth informal
■to be unable to stop watching something 全神贯注地盯着…看；目不转睛地看
• We were glued to the television watching the election results come in. 我们目不转睛地盯着电视，等待大选结果揭晓。
[glu:] verb transitive usually + adverb or preposition (glueing or gluing, glued, glued)
glued to the spot informal
■unable to move because you are very frightened, nervous or interested （由于害怕、紧张或感兴趣而）无法动弹，呆若木鸡
• I just stood there, glued to the spot. 我站在那里，吓呆了。
stick, glue, adhere, cling, cohere
这些动词均有“粘着、附着”之意。
stick: 常指用胶水或浆糊粘贴，词义引申指坚持。
glue: 与stick的本义相同，指用胶水把东西粘合在一起，没有“坚持”的含义。
adhere: 正式用词，语气较严肃刻板，既可指物体粘在一起，也可指坚持信仰或忠于事业等。
cling: 着重靠缠绕、紧抱、紧抓等方式而形成密切关系。也可作引申用。
cohere: 指物质微粒粘合在一起，成为不可分离的整体，强调所形成新物体的不可分割性。可引申指逻辑上的前后一致。
vt. 粘合；似胶般固着于
 - conglutinate

Word: reinstate
Front: reinstate
[ˌri:ɪnˈsteɪt] (宝 10892/9749 -1)
Vocabulary: reinstate
(once / 1828 pages)
v
When you reinstate someone, you return that person to a position or job. A principal might reinstate a laid off teacher when the school starts hiring again.
Bosses can reinstate employees, countries can reinstate kings and queens, and governments can reinstate, or bring back, old laws. For example, during times of war the United States could very well reinstate the draft, which is not currently a law but has been in the past. Although it's not as common as reinstate, the word instate, from which it comes, means "to put someone in a certain state or condition."
WORD FAMILY
reinstate: reinstated, reinstatement, reinstates, reinstating+/reinstatement: reinstatements
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Setya was recently reinstated as speaker after a court ruled the recording was inadmissible as evidence.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
He was eligible to be reinstated on Nov. 17.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Two, how will he respond when he is reinstated?
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 使复原; 使恢复; 使恢复健康; 使复任
时态：reinstated, reinstating, reinstates
分布：恢复(94%)，使复位(6%)
→re-,再，重新，instate,安置。
重新恢复职位(re+in+state国家,权力→重新进入权力)[re-①表示"向后,相反,不"②表示"一再,重新"]
【记】re再，in进入，state（n 国家，状态）－恢复职位等
[ˌri:.ɪn'steɪt] formal
verb transitive
■to give someone back their previous job or position, or to cause something to exist again 使重返岗位，使恢复原职；把…放回原处；使恢复原状
• A month after being unfairly dismissed, he was reinstated in his job. 在被不公正解职一个月后，他又重新返回工作岗位。
• The Supreme Court reinstated the death penalty in 1976. 最高法院于1976年恢复了死刑。
vt. 使恢复；使复原
 - bring around

Word: longstanding
Front: longstanding
[ˌlɒŋ'stændɪŋ] (-/15570)
Vocabulary: longstanding
(once / 6099 pages)
adj
Anything longstanding has been around for a long time. If it's a longstanding tradition for your school's senior class to play a prank, that means it was even going on back when your grandfather's class let hundreds of crickets loose in the halls.
Humans keeping cats as pets is a longstanding custom, and the habit of cooking food before eating it is also longstanding. You can call yourself a longstanding customer of your town's last remaining video store if you've been going there for years, or a longstanding fan of your favorite tennis player if you've followed her entire career. The adjective longstanding has been around since the early 1800s, so it's longstanding too.
WORD FAMILY
longstanding
USAGE EXAMPLES
But Mr. Haldeman’s notes appear to confirm longstanding suspicions that Nixon himself was directly involved, despite his later denials.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But his conviction that there are many ways to draw the boundaries around art, and to look at it, is longstanding.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Erickson’s view that “heretic” Christians should be banned from public life is well within a longstanding and infamous tradition within the Religious Right.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 长时间的，长期存在的
分布：为时甚久的(100%)
adj. 长期存在的；长时间的
 - of long standing

Word: basketball
Front: basketball
[ˈbɑ:skɪtbɔ:l] (中高 1799/16051 -2)
Vocabulary: basketball
(once / 689 pages)
n
Basketball is a team sport in which players work together to bounce a ball down the length of a court and throw it through a hoop. Some college basketball games are hugely popular and very competitive.
In basketball, two teams of five players collaborate to score points by successfully throwing the ball — also called a basketball — through the nets that hang from hoops at either end of the court. The game was invented in 1891, and the word basketball first appeared in print the next year, from basket and ball.
WORD FAMILY
basketball: basketballs
USAGE EXAMPLES
Louisville captures N.C.A.A. men’s basketball championship, placed on probation in emotional ceremony while cutting down net.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Few athletes might be as prepared for a life after basketball than Kobe, a man of diverse interests and immense worldwide popularity.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Basketball coaches are still bristling about the Washington Interscholastic Activities Association’s new state tournament format.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 篮球; [体]篮球运动
分布：篮球(100%)
n.篮球,篮球运动Balloon, baseball, basketball, football and volleyball all dance ballet on the volcano.气球,棒球,篮球,足球和排球都在火山上跳芭蕾舞.
US ['bæs.kɪt.bɑ:l] noun countable or uncountable
 ESSENTIAL
■(a ball used in) a game played by two teams of five men or six women who score points by throwing a large ball through an open net hanging from a metal ring 篮球；篮球运动

Word: respective
Front: respective
[rɪˈspektɪv] (研四六托 5883/5015 -1)
Vocabulary: respective
(once / 246 pages)
adj
When two people each have something of their own, it's their respective thing. In a boxing match, the opponents each start in their respective or individual corners.
Respective comes from the Latin respectivus meaning "having regard for." Everyone has regard for what's respectively theirs. We have respective opinions, respective responsibilities, respective anxieties. It's basically another word for individual. Each of a set of twins probably has his respective bed, even though they might share a bedroom together.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
respectfully / respectively
If you kiss the mob boss's ring, do it respectfully, or full of respect and admiration. But respectively means "in the order given," so if you have to kiss up to the rest of the mob, make sure to shake hands and high five Jimmy Rags and Tommy Two Face, respectively because Jimmy prefers a handshake, but Tommy loves a good high five.
To show respect is to show how you admire something or someone, to show deference or obedience. Therefore, when you do something respectfully, you're being polite because you do it full of respect:
Mr. Ruck listened, as he always listened, respectfully. (Henry James)
"So tonight, we are respectfully asking the candidates to try to put aside the talking points," he says. (Time)
The servants bowed respectfully, and retired in silence. (Bernhard Severin Ingemann)
Respectively, on the other hand, means in a manner that treats several things individually, one by one, in a sequence. It's a way to keep lists parallel, and it rescues sentences from extra words:
By comparison, Mitalas said fellow Metro League schools Seattle Prep and Lakeside had 70 and 40 turn out, respectively. (Seattle Times)
That's easier to say than "Seattle Prep had a turn out of 70 and Lakeside had a turn out of 40." Same goes for this quote from an obituary of actor Cliff Robertson:
His TV performances in "Days of Wine and Roses" and "The Hustler," for example, were filmed with Jack Lemmon and Paul Newman, respectively. (Washington Post)
Sign your emails "respectfully yours" if you're full of respect for the person you're writing to, and save respectively for singling things out. The grammar mob appreciates your attention to these details.
WORD FAMILY
respective: irrespective, respectively
USAGE EXAMPLES
If there are no respective commitments between the parties, stop calling it “his agreement.”
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
The announcement follows a pledge by Xi and President Obama in September 2015 to end the domestic trade in ivory in their respective countries.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
And both Israel and the PLO referenced Resolution 181 in their respective declarations of independence.
Time(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 各自的，分别的
分布：各自的(91%)，分别的(9%)
→re-,再，-spect,看，词源同 specter,retrospect.即需要反复看，分开看的人或事物，引申词义分 别的，各自的。
各自的(re回+spect+ive→回头看[自己]→各自的)[spect,spic=look,see,表示"看"]
各自的(由respect尊敬转化而来,尊敬别人的隐私...各自的)[-ive 1.表形容词2.表名词后缀,"人或物"]
a.各自的,各个的Two suspicious aspects are suspected respectively.两个可疑的方面分别受到怀疑.
adjective [before noun]
■relating or belonging to each of the separate people or things you have just mentioned 各自的；各个的；分别的
• Everyone would go into the hall for assembly and then afterwards we'd go to our respective classes. 所有人都去礼堂参加集会，会后各自回各自的班级。
• Clinton and Zedillo ordered their respective Cabinets to devise a common counter-drug strategy. 克林顿和塞迪略命令他们各自的内阁制订两国共同的反毒品战略。
respectful, respected, respective, respectable
respectful: 指“充满敬意的”，是主动性的尊重他人。如：The students were very respectful towards the great man.(这些学生对这位伟人十分敬仰。)
respected: 表示受人尊敬的，可用于对年长的人，权威性的意见等。
respective: 表“各自分别的”，修饰名词时，名词一般用复数。如：They went back to their respective houses.(他们回了各自的家。)
respectable: 可尊敬的，值得尊重的。如：His parents were poor but respectable.(他父母虽穷却令人尊敬。)
adj. 分别的，各自的
 - several, each

Word: bastion
Front: bastion
[ˈbæstiən] (14035/13854 -1)
Vocabulary: bastion
(once / 2231 pages)
1n 2n
When the battle is getting long and the odds are getting longer, retreat to your bastion to regroup and prepare for the next round of fighting. A bastion is a stronghold or fortification that remains intact.
French Independence Day, or Bastille Day (July 14), commemorates the storming in 1789 of the French king's prison/fort, the Bastille. Bastion and Bastille share the root bast, which means "build." Bastion can refer to any place to which one turns for safety; that can include not only buildings but also concepts, ideas, and even beliefs. The Church, for example, is a bastion of many religious beliefs.
WORD FAMILY
bastion: bastions
USAGE EXAMPLES
From the Place d’Italie, I like to meander back to the Butte-aux-Cailles, one of the original bastions of Paris street art.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
The last bastion of the trade is now Japan, said Knights, of WildAid.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
The neighborhood became part of the rebels’ bastion in eastern Aleppo.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 棱堡; 堡垒; 设防地区，阵地工事
分布：堡垒(84%)，棱堡(16%)
→来自词根fasc, 编织，同basket. 由编织引申为搭建，建造。
【记】basement中的ment读：闷他。在地下室里很闷。bastion 后边是on结尾，在上边的basement－堡垒
noun countable
■something which keeps or defends especially a belief or a way of life that is disappearing or threatened 堡垒
• British public schools are regarded as one of the last bastions of upper-class privilege. 英国公学被视为上流阶级特权的最后堡垒之一。
■a part of the wall of a castle that sticks out from it in order to protect it 棱堡（城堡和堡垒的突出部分）
n. 堡垒；棱堡
 - tower, fort

Word: sermon
Front: sermon
[ˈsɜ:mən] (研六托宝 6599/7041 -1)
Vocabulary: sermon
(once / 234 pages)
n
A sermon is a speech, usually religious in nature, given by a priest, preacher, rabbi, or other religious leader as part of a service.
Although most sermons focus on Bible passages, you can use the word sermon more generally to refer to any speech that contains a moral lesson. Sports coaches are known to deliver moving sermons, as are teachers and camp counselors. But if you come in late, after missing your curfew, the last thing you want to hear is a sermon by your mom on the importance of keeping your word.
WORD FAMILY
sermon: sermonise, sermonize, sermons+/sermonise: sermonised, sermoniser, sermonising/sermoniser: sermonisers/sermonize: sermonized, sermonizer, sermonizes, sermonizing/sermonizer: sermonizers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Harriott is a devout Christian, and he ends each practice with a sermon at midfield.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Paul recalled the first time he ever told a joke during a sermon.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
From the professor and radio host, “a sermon to white America” on the racial divide.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 布道; 讲道; 讲道文章; 一大通教训
分布：布道(83%)，说教(17%)
→来自拉丁语 sermonem,说话，谈话，讨论，演说，字面意思即把字词组合在一起，来自 ser, 连接，排列，词源同 serial,series,sort.-mon,名词后缀。现词义缩写自 sermo religiosus,说道， 布教，字面意思即 religious sermon,宗教演说，宗教讲演。
【记】ser＝serve服务，mon警告：服务是警告世人－布道ser＝sir，mon＝man：都是男人先生干的事情－布道
【参】sermonize（v 说教；布道）
US ['sɝ:-] noun countable
■a part of a Christian church ceremony in which a priest gives a talk on a religious or moral subject, often based on something written in the Bible 布道，讲道
• The Reverend William Cronshaw delivered/preached the sermon. 威廉‧克朗肖牧师进行了布道。
• Today's sermon was on the importance of compassion. 今天的布道是关于同情心的重要性。
■disapproving
■a long talk in which someone advises other people how they should behave in order to be better people 长篇说教
• I really don't think it's a politician's job to go delivering sermons on public morality. 我确实觉得针对公德心作长篇说教并不是政治家的任务。
n. 布道；训诫；启示；冗长的讲话
 - mission, message

Word: thermal
Front: thermal
[ˈθɜ:ml] (研六托雅宝 7148/7234 -1)
Vocabulary: thermal
(once / 5797 pages)
adjn
If it has to do with heat, it’s thermal. Wearing a thermal shirt under your sweater helps you stay warm on a brutally cold day. Your thermal coffee mug keeps your coffee hot.
The Greek word therme, meaning “heat,” is the origin of the adjective thermal. Something that is thermal is hot, retains heat, or has a warming effect. If your sweatshirt has a thermal lining, its texture might remind you of a waffle-that's what traps your body heat. Also, there are large currents of warm air that flow upwards — these are what gliders or big birds like hawks ride to stay afloat — one type of those currents is called a “thermal.”
WORD FAMILY
thermal: nonthermal, thermally, thermals
USAGE EXAMPLES
Federal officials said last week that the Valles Caldera National Preserve would become the 17th U.S. park unit with designated thermal features if approved.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Officials say Valles Caldera National Preserve would become the 17th park unit with designated thermal features.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
One of our best calls this year was for lower Asian coal prices, with benchmark Newcastle thermal now down around 30% from its mid-November peak.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 热的，保热的; 温热的
n. 上升的暖气流
分布：热量的(39%)，热的(36%)，上升的热气流(17%)，保热的(8%)
→therm-,热，热量，-al,形容词后缀。
热的[therm=heat,表示"热"]
a.热的,热力的;(小规模的)上升气流The thermal therapy terminated after the terminal germ seminar.热疗在期末细菌研讨会后终止了.
US ['θɝ:-] adjective [before noun] specialized
■connected with heat 热的，热量的
• thermal conductivity (= ability of a substance to carry heat) 导热系数
• It was the Romans who first recognised the medicinal benefits of Hungary's thermal springs (= ones which produce hot water). 是罗马人首先认识到匈牙利温泉的医疗效用。
UK ['θɜ:.məl] US ['θɝ:-] noun countable
HOT AIR 热气 specialized
■a large column of hot air rising from the ground 上升热气流
UK ['θɜ:.məl] US ['θɝ:-] noun countable
CLOTHES 衣服
thermals [plural] informal for
■ thermal underwear
adj. [热] 热的，热量的
 - hot, heated, hottest

Word: swat
Front: swat
[swɒt] (14546/24358)
Vocabulary: swat
(once / 4772 pages)
vn
To swat is to hit or bat at something. You might try to swat a fly with a rolled-up magazine and then watch your cat swat at it with her paws.
Someone who's attacked by a swarm of wasps will swat at them as they run away, and a kid who's annoyed at her sister might swat her, too. The smack itself is also called a swat. Experts suspect that swat is an alteration of the Middle English swap, "to strike," which mimics the sound of a sharp blow.
WORD FAMILY
swat: swats, swatted, swatter, swatting+/swatter: swattered, swatters
USAGE EXAMPLES
Chandler helped to preserve the win when he shadowed Wiggins on a drive and swatted away his layup attempt with 8.8 seconds left.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
A force of more than 4,000 Pakistani soldiers is stationed in Swat, and last month the army began constructing a permanent garrison.
Reuters(Dec 11, 2016)
The eyes of two dozen protesters turn to the burly publican as he swats sandflies from his face and begins to speak.
The Guardian(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: vt. 重拍（苍蝇等）; 猛击
n. 重拍，猛击
时态：swatted, swatting, swats
分布：猛击(54%)，全垒打(23%)，用劲打击(23%)
US [swɑ:t] (-tt-)
verb transitive
■to hit something, especially an insect, with a flat object or your hand 击打，拍打（尤指昆虫）
• I swatted the fly with a rolled-up newspaper. 我用一张卷起的报纸拍那只苍蝇。
• He tried to swat the ball too hard, and missed it entirely. 他击球时用的力气太大，结果根本没有打到。
• figurative These missiles are capable of swatting enemy planes with deadly accuracy. 这些飞弹能准确无误地击中敌机。
n. 用劲打击；重拍；全垒打
 - dinger, homerun
vt. 重拍；猛击；用力击出（远距离球）
 - jab at, lash out

Word: chromosome
Front: chromosome
[ˈkrəʊməsəʊm] (研宝 9960/6813 -1)
Vocabulary: chromosome
(once / 4992 pages)
n
A chromosome is a strand of DNA that is encoded with genes. In most cells, humans have 22 pairs of these chromosomes plus the two sex chromosomes (XX in females and XY in males) for a total of 46.
The word chromosome was originally coined in German from the Greek words khroma, meaning color, and soma meaning body. In the late 1800s, a scientist, Wilhelm von Waldeyer-Hartz, gave chromosomes their name because chromosomes easily accept dye and take on patterns of light and dark when exposed to different stains that help identify the different chromosomes.
WORD FAMILY
chromosome: chromosomal, chromosomes+/chromosomal: chromosomally
USAGE EXAMPLES
Like our hair and skin, our chromosomes show our age.
Science Magazine(Dec 15, 2016)
Only chromosome sequences of zebrafish were aligned while unplaced scaffolds were excluded.
Nature(Dec 13, 2016)
Literary biographies remind us that even the gods are human — primates, like the rest of us, just a few chromosomes away from the sapajous.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. <生>染色体
分布：染色体(100%)
→chromo, 颜色。-some, 身体，见somatic, 躯体的。
染色体(chrom+o+some形体)[ehrom=color,表示"颜色"]
染色体(chromo颜色+some身体)[som=body,表示"身体"]
【记】chrom颜色，some体－染色体。参：somatic（adj 肉体的）
US ['kroʊ.mə.soʊm] noun countable
■any of the rod-like structures found in all living cells, containing the chemical patterns which control what an animal or plant is like 染色体
• X and Y chromosomes Ｘ染色体和Ｙ染色体
• sex chromosomes 性染色体
n. [染料] [遗] [细胞] 染色体（形容词chromosomal，副词chromosomally）
 - monosomy, karyosome

Word: wavelength
Front: wavelength
[ˈweɪvleŋθ] (四六 8023/8243 -1)
Vocabulary: wavelength
(once / 24122 pages)
n
A wavelength is the distance between two peaks in a wave. And, if you are on the same wavelength with someone else, you are in sync and share the same perspective.
You can say, "My best friend and I are on the same wavelength," meaning you truly understand each other and tend to see the world in the same way. This meaning has been around since the 1920s, but originally wavelength had only its scientific definition, "the distance between two peaks of a wave." Wavelengths can be measured on anything that travels in waves, like sound, light, or water. The Old English root word is wagian, "to move back and forth."
WORD FAMILY
wavelength: wavelengths
USAGE EXAMPLES
Such wavelengths correspond to the 'transparency window' of Earth's atmosphere, allowing the heat radiation emitted by the apparatus to be released into space.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
If relativity is right, those wavelengths must be exactly the same for hydrogen and antihydrogen.
Science Magazine(Dec 19, 2016)
It produces coherent light — light of the same wavelength and in phase; no converging is involved.
Nature(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: n. <物>波长; 波段; 完全一致，融洽
分布：波长(95%)，波段(5%)
【记】wave波，length长：波长
noun countable
■the distance between two waves of energy, or the length of the radio wave used by a particular radio station for broadcasting programmes 波长；（广播电台占用的）频道，波段
• I don't know which wavelength the station is on - is it on long wave? 我不知道那电台是在哪个波段——是在长波上吗？
['weɪv.leŋkθ] noun countable
be on the same wavelength
■(of two or more people) to think in a similar way and to understand each other well （两人或多人）观点相投，合得来
• I can't seem to get on with him - we're just not on the same wavelength. 我似乎没法和他相处——我们根本就合不来。

Word: venter

Word: alignment
Front: alignment
[əˈlaɪnmənt] (六托 7898/8946 -1)
Vocabulary: alignment
(once / 5705 pages)
n
The noun alignment refers to the correct positioning of something. If you check the alignment of your feet when running, you're checking to make sure they're not pointing to either side, but going straight ahead.
Alignment has to do with adjusting something so it's in the right place. If you take your car in for a wheel alignment, the mechanic will make sure the wheels are on straight. Alignment can also mean following directions or being in agreement. Your school has to act in alignment with state education rules. If you and your brother both believe that poodles should be banned in your town, then you are in alignment on the issue of poodles.
WORD FAMILY
alignment: alignments, dealignment, nonalignment+/ align: aligned, aligning, alignment, aligns, misalign, realign /aligned: nonaligned/misalign: misaligned, misalignment/misalignment: misalignments/ realign: realigned, realigning, realigns
USAGE EXAMPLES
The alignment caused Foster to adjust the Tide’s entire play, on the fly.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Considering the alignment of the conference, 42-44 wins should be enough for a playoff spot.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
This $99.3 million project involves lowering an existing levee and shore armoring, excavating channels and constructing a new levee alignment.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 队列，排成直线; 结盟; 校直，调整; [工]准线
分布：调整(59%)，结盟(25%)，准线(10%)，调整成直线(3%)，直线性(3%)
→align,对齐，-ment,名词后缀。引申诸相关词义。
noun
POSITION 位置
uncountable
■when two or more things are positioned in a straight line or parallel to each other 列队，排列整齐
• The problem is happening because the wheels are out of alignment with each other. 出现这个问题是因为车轮定位不正。
[ə'laɪn.mənt] noun
AGREEMENT 协定
countable
■an agreement between a group of countries, political parties or people who want to work together because of shared interests or aims 结盟，联盟；联合
• New alignments are being formed within the business community. 在商界，新的联盟关系正逐渐形成。
n. 队列，成直线；校准；结盟
 - standardization, regulation, calibration, rank

Word: bookmaker
Front: bookmaker
[ˈbʊkmeɪkə(r)] (29427/16507 -1)
Back: n. 图书编纂者，著作家; [赛马]赌注登记经纪人; 出版者
分布：出版者(50%)，著作者(25%)，登记赌注者(25%)
US [-kɚ] (informal bookie)
noun countable
■a person who accepts and pays out sums of money risked on a particular result, especially of horse races （尤指赛马等的）赌注登记人
UK ['bʊkˌmeɪ.kər] US [-kɚ] (informal bookie)
noun countable
bookmaker's (plural bookmakers)
■a place where bookmakers work 赛马会
• He went down to the bookmaker's/bookie's in Chesterton Road to place a bet on the race. 他去了在贾斯特顿路举行的赛马会，对比赛下了赌注。
n. 著作家；编辑者；出版者；赌马业者
 - brother of the quill, publisher

Word: cone
Front: cone
[kəʊn] (托宝 5878/7178 -1)
Vocabulary: cone
(once / 601 pages)
1nv 2n 3n
A cone is a shape that has a circle at the bottom and sides that narrow to a point, like a party hat, a rubber pylon at a construction site, or, yes, an ice cream cone.
Why is a cone called a cone? The Latin word conus means "the peak of a helmet," which must have described the shape of this type of hat in the 16th century. The Greek konos means "spinning top" and "pine cone." Both of these objects have one wider end that tapers to a point, describing a cone very accurately.
WORD FAMILY
cone: coned, conelike, cones, conic, conical, coning+/conic: conics/conical: conically
USAGE EXAMPLES
“If it continues, it might build a cone that is above seawater.”
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
This week, officers swept in and removed the cones, along with an unapproved bench and planters on the sidewalk outside the club’s front door.
Seattle Times(Dec 16, 2016)
The retina contains two types of photoreceptor: rods and cones.
Nature(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: n. 圆锥体; 球果; 圆锥形东西
vt. 使成锥形
时态：coned, coning, cones
分布：圆锥体(59%)，球果(29%)，锥形物(7%)，变成锥形(5%)
→来自ak, 尖，刺，词源同acid, coin, cuneiform.
【记】c想象成嘴，one一个（奶油圆筒）－锥形体和core（n 果核；核心）一起记
US [koʊn] noun countable
SHAPE 形状
■a shape with a flat, round or oval base and a top which becomes narrower until it forms a point 圆锥体
• a traffic cone 锥形交通路标
UK [kəʊn] US [koʊn] noun countable
TREE 树
■the hard oval-shaped fruit of a conifer （针叶松的）锥形毬果
UK [kəʊn] US [koʊn] noun countable
FOOD 食品
■a container made of very light thin biscuit, or one of these containing ice cream （盛霜淇淋的）锥形蛋筒
• an ice cream cone 锥形霜淇淋筒
UK [kəʊn] US [koʊn] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  cone sth off
■to prevent traffic from using a road or area by putting special objects that are shaped like cones on it 用锥形路标封闭（道路或区域）
• Part of the road had been coned off for repair work. 部分道路用锥形路标封闭起来以便维修。
n. 圆锥体，圆锥形； [植] 球果
 - conoid, strobilus
vt. 使成锥形
 - taper

Word: screw
Front: screw
[skru:] (研四六托雅宝 4750/5393 -K2)
Back: n. 螺丝钉; 螺旋桨，螺旋状物; （螺丝的）转，扭; 吝啬鬼
vt. 用螺丝拧紧; 扭曲（某人的面孔）; 〈俚〉占便宜，诈骗
vi. 扭转，扭歪; 旋紧; （和某人）性交
时态：screwed, screwing, screws
分布：螺丝(38%)，螺钉(20%)，螺旋(16%)，拧(12%)，拧紧(7%)，螺旋桨(2%)，压榨(2%)，监狱看守人(1%)，吝啬鬼(1%)，薪水(1%)
→来自中古英语 screw,螺旋，螺丝，可能来自 sker,弯，转，词源同 ring,curve,shrimp.引申 动词词义旋，拧等。
n.螺旋,螺丝(钉)v.拧,拧紧The crew unscrewed the screws from the sewing-machine and chewed them.船员们从缝纫机上旋下螺钉并咀嚼它们.
【参】screwdriver（n 螺丝起子）
noun
METAL OBJECT 金属物体
countable
■a thin pointed piece of metal with a raised edge twisting round along its length and a flat top with a cut in it, which is used to join things together, especially pieces of wood 螺丝（钉）
countable
■a twist or turn made to fasten or tighten something 扭紧，旋紧，拧紧
• Give it another screw to make sure the lid doesn't come off while we're travelling. 把盖子再拧紧一点，那么我们在路上的时候盖子就不会掉落。
[skru:] noun
PRISON GUARD 监狱看守
countable slang
■(a word used especially by prisoners) a prison guard 监狱看守（尤为犯人用语）
[skru:] noun
HAVE SEX 发生性关系
countable offensive
■the act of sex, or a sexual partner 性行为；性伴侣
• I never feel like a screw when I wake up in the morning. 我早晨醒来时从不想性交。
• He's a really good screw. 他真是个很棒的性伴侣。
[skru:] noun
INSTRUMENT 器具
screws [plural]
■ thumbscrew
[skru:] noun
have a screw loose informal
■If you say that someone has a screw loose, you mean that they behave in a strange way and seem slightly mentally ill. 行为乖戾；神经有点不正常
[skru:] noun
put/tighten the screws on sb informal
■to use force or threats to make someone do what you want 给（某人）施加压力
• They put the screws on him until he paid up. 他们给他施加压力，直到他把钱全部付清为止。
[skru:] verb
TIGHT SHAPE 绷紧的形状
transitive + adverb or preposition
■to tighten the muscles of your face or part of your face into a particular expression, especially one of disapproval or pain （尤指出于不赞同或疼痛）扭曲（面部）
• He screwed his eyes tight shut against the bright light. 在强光的照射下，他眯紧了眼睛。
• The woman at the breakfast table screwed her mouth into a grimace. 正在吃早饭的那位女子咧着嘴，一副苦相。
transitive + adverb or preposition
■to twist and crush something, especially paper or cloth, roughly with your hands 将（尤指纸或布）揉成团
• She screwed the bag up and threw it in the bin. 她把袋子揉成一团，丢进垃圾筒。
• He screwed the letter into a ball and flung it away. 他把信揉成一团丢了。
[skru:] verb
METAL OBJECT 金属物体
transitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to fasten something using a screw 用螺丝固定（或旋紧）
• Screw this piece of wood to the wall. 用螺丝把这块木头固定在墙上。
• Screw these two pieces together. 把这两块用螺丝锁在一起。
transitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to fasten something using an object similar to a screw （用类似螺丝的东西）固定，旋紧
• We'll have to screw a hook into the wall. 我们得把一个钩子锁到墙里去。
transitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to fasten something by turning it or twisting it 牢牢锁紧，旋紧
• Screw the lid firmly on to the jar and shake well. 把瓶盖旋紧，然后摇匀。
screw in/together
■If something screws in/together, it fits or fastens together by being turned 旋上，锁合
• This light bulb screws in. 这个灯泡是用转的。
• The steel rods screw together. 这些钢条是锁在一起的。
[skru:] verb
CHEAT 欺骗
transitive slang
■to cheat or deceive someone 骗，欺骗
• It was only after we'd had the car for a few days that we realised we'd been screwed by the dealer. 车子到手几天后，我们才明白自己被经销商骗了。
[skru:] verb
HAVE SEX 发生性关系
intransitive or transitive offensive
■to have sex with someone （与…）发生性关系
• They say he's screwing the boss's wife. 他们说他和老板的妻子有不正当关系。
[skru:] verb
Screw it/you/them! offensive
■used when expressing extreme anger 他妈的！
• "Screw it!" he said. "If they won't give us the money, we'll just take it." “他妈的！”他说，“如果他们不给钱，我们就自己拿。”
• You don't like it? Well, screw you! “你不喜欢？那见你的鬼去吧！”
[skru:] verb
screw up your courage
■to force yourself to be brave 鼓起勇气
• I screwed up my courage and went in to see the director. 我鼓起勇气进去见主管。
[skru:] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  screw around offensive
■to have sex with a lot of people or with people other than your husband or wife 滥交；偷情
[skru:] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  screw sth out of sb UK informal
■to get something from someone by using force or threats 逼（某人）交出；向（某人）勒索
• We'll screw every last penny out of him. 我们要逼他交出所有钱。
[skru:] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] screw (sth) up informal
■to make a mistake, or to spoil something 犯错；搞糟；弄坏
• I reckon I screwed the chemistry exam up totally. 我想我化学彻底考砸了。
[skru:] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] screw sb up informal
■When bad experiences or people screw you up, they make you worried and unhappy or they damage your personality 使（某人）焦虑不安；令（某人）很难过；使（某人）精神崩溃
• It really screwed him up when he saw his friend get killed. 看到自己的朋友遇难，他非常难过。
screwed up
adjective informal
■unhappy and worried because of bad experiences 不高兴的；心烦意乱的
• He's been really screwed up since his wife died. 他妻子死后，他完全崩溃了。
vt. 旋，拧；压榨；强迫
 - force, enforce
n. 螺旋； [机] 螺丝钉；吝啬鬼
 - spiral, helix
vi. 转动，拧
 - turn, roll

Word: shutdown
Front: shutdown
[ˈʃʌtdaʊn] (11685/22050 -1)
Back: n. 关闭，倒闭; 关机; 停工，停业; 停播
分布：关机(66%)，停工(34%)
noun countable
■when a business or large piece of equipment stops operating, usually for a temporary period （尤指暂时的）关闭；暂停运行
• It's just a regular maintenance shutdown. 这只是一次定期保养停机。
• The emergency shutdown procedure was activated. 紧急关闭程式启动了。
n. 关机；停工；关门；停播
 - close-down, stopwork

Word: countryman
Front: countryman
[ˈkʌntrimən] (12297/9572 -1)
Back: n. 乡下人; 同胞; 某地人，某国人
分布：同胞(71%)，乡下人(29%)
noun countable
FROM YOUR COUNTRY 来自本国
■a person from your own country 本国人；同胞；同乡
• Didn't he feel guilty about betraying his fellow countrymen and women? 背叛了自己的同胞，难道他不感到愧疚吗？
['kʌn.trɪ.mən] noun countable
FROM THE COUNTRYSIDE 来自乡村 UK someone who lives in or who comes from the countryside and not a town 农村人，乡下人
n. 乡下人，农村人；同胞
 - peasant, provincial

Word: cabin
Front: cabin
[ˈkæbɪn] (研四六托雅 3152/4831 -2)
Vocabulary: cabin
(once / 129 pages)
nv
A small wooden hut or cottage can be called a cabin, especially if it's in a remote or wooded place. Your grandfather's cabin on a lake might be your favorite place to visit in the summer.
You might dream of living in a cabin deep in the forest, or on the edge of a mountain. Another kind of cabin is a small compartment or room, particularly one on a ship or an airplane. If you have "cabin fever," it means you're restless and cranky after being stuck in a small space for too long. The word comes from a Late Latin root, capanna, "hut."
WORD FAMILY
cabin: cabined, cabining, cabins
USAGE EXAMPLES
In one case, he was chided for spending $127,000 in public funds for a special sleeping cabin on a flight to London.
Time(Jan 02, 2017)
In addition, book an oceanview cabin or one in a higher category and receive free WiFi.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Air rage is more common on flights with a first-class cabin.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. <美>小木屋; 客舱; （轮船上工作或生活的）隔间
vt. 把…关在小屋里; 使受拘束
vi. 住在小屋里
时态：cabined, cabining, cabins
分布：机舱(38%)，小木屋(30%)，船舱(29%)，抑制(2%)，住在小屋(1%)
→来自拉丁词capanna, 棚屋。
n.客舱,机舱;小(木)屋They rented a cabin for their vacation.他们为度假租了一间小屋.
noun countable
HOUSE 房子
■a small, simple house made of wood 小木屋；小棚屋
• a log cabin 原木小屋
['kæb.ɪn] noun countable
SHIP 船
■a small room where you sleep in a ship 船舱
['kæb.ɪn] noun countable
AIRCRAFT 飞机
■the area where passengers sit in an aircraft 座舱
shed, cabin, but, cottage
这组词都有“小屋”的意思，其区别是：
shed: 一般指四壁没有完全封闭，供牲畜用或储藏东西、停放车辆等的简易棚屋。
cabin: 多指建造粗糙的简陋小木屋，也指旅客或船员住的船舱。现在也指节假日游游者的简便住房。
but: 多指供居住或遮避风雨的简易小屋。
cottage: 指穷苦人住的乡间小茅屋。现在也指雅致的小住宅，在美国可指别墅。
n. 小屋； [船] 客舱；船舱
 - shed, cottage

Word: flyer
Front: flyer
[ˈflaɪə(r)] (10734/12148 -1)
Vocabulary: flyer
(once / 1433 pages)
1n 2n
A flyer can be something or someone that flies on a plane, but another meaning is a handbill or advertising sheet handed out to people on the street. Because it's designed to go far, it gained the name flyer.
As far back as the 15th Century, Middle English used the word flyer to refer to something that travels quickly through the air, generally a bird or projectile. The connection with a person came about later, when air travel became more common. If you are a frequent flyer, you travel a lot. If you frequently post flyers, maybe you're in a band. Note: it doesn't matter if you spell the word flyer or "flier," as both are correct, but don't use both in one piece of writing.
WORD FAMILY
flyer: flyers+/ flier: fliers/ fly: flew, flied, flier, flies, flown, flyer, flying, flyingly, overfly/flying: flyings/overfly: overflew, overflies, overflying
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Kings used the previous day to rest while the Sharks played the Philadelphia Flyers, and it showed at the start.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The last time they won one was a 4-3 win over the Philadelphia Flyers in Edmonton on Dec. 31, 1985.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
According to the calendar, the Ducks will kick off 2017 by playing host to the Philadelphia Flyers on Sunday.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 飞鸟; 飞行物; 飞行员; 传单
分布：传单(62%)，飞行员(32%)，投机(3%)，=flier.(3%)
→来自fly, 飞行。
N-COUNT
飞行员
A flyer is a pilot of an aircraft.
N-COUNT
飞机乘客
You can refer to someone who travels by aeroplane as a flyer .
例：...regular business flyers.经常乘飞机的商务旅客
例：...nervous fliers.紧张的飞机乘客
N-COUNT
(广告)传单
A flyer is a small printed notice which is used to advertise a particular company, service, or event.
n. 传单；飞鸟；飞行物；飞跳；孤注一掷
 - circular, fly sheet

Word: lofty
Front: lofty
[ˈlɒfti] (研六托雅宝 9596/11649 -1)
Vocabulary: lofty
(once / 194 pages)
adj
Lofty is a good word for describing something that's high above the ground, or someone who acts like she's high above everyone else.
Dating from the 15th century, lofty originally meant "exalted," or spiritually high, but soon came to mean physically high as well. A towering mountain can be called "lofty." So can someone who walks around with her nose in the air and speaks in a fake English accent. Even if she's only five-foot-two.
WORD FAMILY
lofty: loftier, loftiest, loftily, loftiness+/loftiness: loftinesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Lacking the genius necessary to reach the lofty heights of sublimity, they unintentionally followed “the gentle down-hill way to the Bathos.”
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
If you think he won’t live up to his lofty draft status, you will say he is en route to continued mediocrity.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Would a lofty designation like World Heritage Site, granted by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, boost tourism?
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 高耸的，巍峨的; 高尚的; 傲慢的
级别：loftier, loftiest
分布：高的(46%)，崇高的(33%)，高尚的(17%)，傲慢的(4%)
→来自loft,高空，阁楼，引申词义高耸的，崇高的。
极高的;崇高的[loft=sky(天空)]
a.崇高的,高尚的;高傲的;极高的He is a man of lofty ideals.他是一个有崇高理想的人.
US ['lɑ:f-] adjective
POSITION 位置 formal
■high 高的
• a lofty ceiling/mountain/wall 高顶／山／墙
UK ['lɒf.ti] US ['lɑ:f-] adjective
IDEAS 想法 formal
■Lofty ideas etc. are of a high moral standard 崇高的，高尚的
• lofty sentiments/ideals 崇高的情操／理想
■disapproving
■If you have a lofty way of behaving or talking etc., you act as if you think you are better than other people 高傲的，自大的
• a lofty attitude/air/tone 高傲的态度／神情／语气
lofty, high, tall
这组词都有“高的”的意思，其区别是：
lofty: 书面用词，指外观宏伟壮丽的高耸物；用于指思想或目的时，表示崇高。贬义指 态高傲。
high: 普通用词，指本身高出地面之上，与low相对，不用于人。也可指程度、地位、声音等的高，还可作引申用。
tall: 仅指人或物的高度，指物的“高”时，可与high换用。
adj. 高的；崇高的；高级的；高傲的
 - high, tall, senior, advanced, superior

Word: lousy
Front: lousy
[ˈlaʊzi] (8071/14571 -1)
Vocabulary: lousy
(once / 5667 pages)
adj
Lousy things are terrible. The lousy things in life are the ones you complain about: your lousy job, the lousy weather, and the lousy pizza you had for lunch.
The slang word lousy is the perfect way to describe something particularly awful or rotten. When you're sick, you feel lousy, and when someone is mean or rude, they treat you in a lousy way. The original, literal meaning of lousy is "infested with lice," those creepy crawly parasites that hang out on people's scalps. It was once common to say a place was "lousy with" something (like tourists or poodles) to mean "swarming with" them.
WORD FAMILY
lousy: lousier, lousiest, lousiness+/delouse: deloused, delouses, delousing/ louse: delouse, lice, louses, lousy
USAGE EXAMPLES
The odds on getting anybody nearly as good, or with a comparable ceiling, are lousy.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
This structure would kill the incentive for financial advisers to pitch lousy products with embedded fees to their clients.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Not a bad trade for a few lousy midweek games between teams you don’t want to see wearing garish color rush uniforms.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 讨厌的; 污秽的; 多虱的; 不清洁的
级别：lousier, lousiest
分布：差劲的(49%)，多虱的(43%)，可鄙的(8%)
→来自louse,虱子，引申词义极糟糕的。
['laʊ.zi] informal
adjective
■very bad 糟糕的，差劲的
• lousy food/service 糟糕的食物／服务
• a lousy film 糟糕的电影
• I had a lousy weekend. 周末我过得很糟糕。
• I feel lousy (= very ill) - I'm going home. 我感觉很不舒服——想回家去。
• All he offered me was a lousy £20 (= a small amount of money) ! 他一共只给了我可怜的20英镑！
adj. 讨厌的；多虱的；污秽的；极坏的
 - evil, rank, dirty, unpleasant, poisonous

Word: foremost
Front: foremost
[ˈfɔ:məʊst] (研四六托雅 6296/7575 -1)
Vocabulary: foremost
(once / 417 pages)
adjadv
Foremost is an adjective that means holding the highest position or rank. When naming advisors, presidents usually search for the foremost experts on various subjects.
If you are the foremost in your profession, you're the expert people will seek out for an opinion. If your foremost concern in a project is money, all other factors are secondary. You can also use this word as an adverb meaning "before anything else." The film, Gone With the Wind, is set against the backdrop of the American Civil War, but first and foremost, it is a love story.
WORD FAMILY
foremost: foremostly+/most: foremost, moster, mostest, mostly, mosts
USAGE EXAMPLES
The filing says the second roadblock is banking regulator approval of Capital One’s proposed takeover of Cabela’s Lincoln-based World’s Foremost Bank.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Several of the company’s foremost Sugarplums still dance Dewdrop; it suits some of them better.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
First and foremost, we – like all professors – are bound by university and academic standards.
Salon(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 第一流的，最重要的; 最初的，最前面的
adv. 首先，第一; 居于首位地
分布：最重要的(86%)，最初的(11%)，在最前面(3%)
→来自古英语formest, 最早的。来自pre-mo, 最早的，*pre-, 在先，词源同fore, *mo, 最高级后缀，词源同intimate, ultimate. -est, 最高级后缀。因此，该词实际上为双重最高级形式，后拼写受fore,most影响。比较former, first.
a.最先的;最初的;主要的ad.首要地Most hosts are hostile to the foremost ghost hostage almost to the utmost.大多数主人对最前面的幽灵人质的敌对态度几乎到了极顶.
US ['fɔ:r.moʊst] adjective
■most important or best; leading 最重要的；最佳的；领先的
• This is one of the country's foremost arts centres. 这是全国最重要的艺术中心之一。
• She's one of the foremost experts on child psychology. 她是儿童心理学领域最顶尖的专家之一。
principal, leading, primary, foremost, capital, major, chief, main
这组词都有“首要的，主要的”的意思，其区别是：
principal: 用于人时，指地位优于其他人；用于物时，指该物在大小、重要性等方面优于他物。
leading: 侧重指具有影响力或凝聚力。从而有主导和引导的作用。
primary: 通常不用于人。用于物时，指在重要性方面占第一位。
foremost: 侧重指在行进或发展过程中居首位。
capital: 着重指因重要性、意义、优越或重大而名列同类之首。
major: 指同其他人或其它物、问题等相比较，显得更加重要和突出。
chief: 拽人时，表同类中职位最高，权力最大；指物时，表同类中最重要，价值最高。
main: 通常只用于物。指在一定范围内，某物的重要性、体积或力量等超过其它物。
adj. 最重要的；最先的
 - principal, supreme, main, lead
adv. 首先；居于首位地
 - firstly, primarily, initially, first of all, chiefly

Word: booth
Front: booth
[bu:ð] (高研四六雅 4300/9834 -1)
Vocabulary: booth
(once / 2220 pages)
n
A booth is a temporary table, tent, or area that you set up in order to sell something. You might have a cupcake booth at a school craft fair, for example.
You might stop at an information booth in a tourist town, or or shop for records at a music booth in your local flea market. You can use the noun booth for any small, impermanent stall, kiosk, or stand. Another kind of booth is the cozy, private seating area at a restaurant that often has high walls and benches around a table. Booth has an Old Norse origin, the word buth, which is rooted in búa, or "dwell."
WORD FAMILY
booth: booths
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Yes!” someone from the tech booth shouts back.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“When we got to the intersection and then the fee booth, it was eerie. No tracks, no nothing.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
In college, this play might’ve been sent to the booth to determine if the rule calling for an automatic ejection should be enforced.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 售货棚，摊位; 公用电话亭; 隔开的小间; （选举）投票站
分布：电话亭(76%)，货摊(21%)，小间(3%)
→来自PIE *bheue, 存在，生长，居住，同boor, 原指简陋的居住之所。
n.电话亭,货摊By the spoon you'll soon see the smooth tooth of the moon above the booth.借助勺子你可以立刻看到电话亭上方月亮的光滑牙齿.
US [bu:θ] noun countable
■a small space like a box that a person can go into 小亭，小房间
• a telephone booth 电话亭
• a polling booth 投票亭
■a partly closed area, table, or small tent at a fair, exhibition or similar event （市集、展览会等处半封闭的）小棚子，小帐篷，小间
n. 货摊；公用电话亭
 - concession stand, stall

Word: leather
Front: leather
[ˈleðə(r)] (高研四六托 2943/2976 -K3)
Vocabulary: leather
(once / 278 pages)
nv
Leather is a material that's made from animal skin and used to make shoes, bags, furniture covers, and many other things. You might be too hot if you wear your leather pants to the beach.
Most expensive, well-made shoes are made of leather — although it's pliable and easy to shape, it's also extremely strong and long-lasting. To make leather, the skin of an animal is stripped of all fur or hair, and then tanned, or treated to keep it from cracking and drying. The leather collars on early US Marines' uniforms led to their nickname being "leathernecks."
WORD FAMILY
leather: leathered, leathering, leatherlike, leathers, leathery
USAGE EXAMPLES
Tonight, it’s a convergence of downtown, uptown, East and West — polo shirts with leather jackets, suits with Converse.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The leather jacket he’d worn and the jukebox from “Faith.”
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Mr. Obama often reads through it in a leather swivel chair at his tablelike desk, under a portrait of President Ulysses S. Grant.
New York Times(Jul 02, 2016)
Back: n. 皮，皮革; 皮革制品
vt. 用皮革包盖; （口）（用皮带等）抽打; 制成皮，蒙上皮
adj. 皮的，皮革的，皮革制的
时态：leathered, leathering, leathers
分布：皮革(93%)，皮革制的(4%)，用皮鞭抽打(1%)，皮制品(1%)，用皮革覆盖(1%)
→来自letro,皮，皮鞋。可能进一步来自skel,切，撕，词源同scale,shell.比较corium,carnal.
n.皮革,皮革制品Furthermore, we gathered leather and feather for the future colder weather.而且,我们收集了皮革和羽毛以应付将来更冷的天气.
US [-ɚ] noun uncountable
 IMPROVER
■animal skin treated in order to preserve it, and used to make shoes, bags, clothes, equipment, etc 皮革
• a leather coat/belt/handbag 皮衣／带／包
hide, fur, peel, leather, skin
这组词都有“皮，皮肤”的意思，其区别是：
hide: 多指大型动物的厚皮，也指没有鞣的牛、马等皮革。
fur: 现多指猫、兔等动物软毛皮，也指其它动物的毛皮。
peel: 指剩下的或可以剥去的果皮或蔬菜皮。
leather: 通常指经过加工的熟皮，可用于制作各种皮革制品。
skin: 最常用词，指人的皮肤或动物的皮，也可指水果、植物和种子等的外皮。
n. [皮革] 皮革；皮革制品
 - leder
vt. 用皮革包盖；抽打
 - whip
adj. 皮的；皮革制的
 - skinny

Word: treason
Front: treason
[ˈtri:zn] (研四六托宝 12926/10299 -1)
Vocabulary: treason
(once / 423 pages)
n
Hacking your brother’s email account and sharing all his secrets with your mom could be considered an act of personal treason, meaning you have betrayed your brother.
The word treason can be traced back to the Latin word traditio(n-), which comes from the verb tradere meaning “to hand over, betray.” If you commit treason, that’s what you do: you betray. The word is typically used to refer to the betrayal of a government or a country, like when a spy shares national secrets with another country, but it can be used to refer to personal betrayals as well.
WORD FAMILY
treason: treasonable, treasonist, treasonous, treasons+/treasonable: treasonablest, treasonably/treasonist: treasonists/treasonous: treasonously
USAGE EXAMPLES
He ordered more bugs and privately groused that Nixon’s behavior amounted to “treason.”
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Dündar survived an assassination attempt, was convicted of treason, and escaped to Germany, where he now lives in exile.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
Close advisers and associates called for Clinton to be” shot for treason” and “arrested, tried, and executed.”
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 叛国（罪）; 不忠; 谋反; 背信
分布：叛逆 通敌 背叛 叛国罪(100%)
→来自古法语 traison,背叛，来自拉丁语 traditionem,移交，投降，来自拉丁语 tradere,转移，移 交，词源同 tradition,betray.引申词义叛国罪。
n.谋反,通敌,叛国It's a treason terror of the seasonal oversea seafood is reasonable.认为季节性的海外海鲜的价格是合理的就是背叛.
noun uncountable
■(the crime of) showing no loyalty to your country, especially by helping its enemies or attempting to defeat its government 叛国（罪）
• Guy Fawkes was executed for treason after he took part in a plot to blow up the British Parliament building. 盖伊‧福克斯因参与炸毁英国议会大厦的阴谋活动而被以叛国罪处决。
n. [法] 叛国罪；不忠
 - recreancy

Word: pornography
Front: pornography
[pɔ:ˈnɒgrəfi] (7164/10400 -2)
Vocabulary: pornography
(once / 3263 pages)
n
Pornography is sexual material — movies, books, songs, etc. — that are 100% about sex. They have no other value.
Pornography features people having sex, and it is intended to get viewers sexually excited. If there is also a complicated plot, interesting characters, amazing music, or fantastic direction, then we're probably not talking about pornography anymore. Pornography is only about the sex. Also called porn or a porno, pornography is illegal for young people to look at or participate in. Pornography is for adults.
WORD FAMILY
pornography: pornographer, pornographic, pornographies+/pornographer: pornographers/pornographic: pornographically
USAGE EXAMPLES
In one corner, workers scan Blued posts for illegal pornography.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
They were two 30-somethings with a computer and a dream: to build a website “that people would visit every day that was not pornography.”
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
An earlier study in the Journal of Sexual Medicine linked the phenomenon to the availability of pornography.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 色情文学; 色情描写
分布：色情作品(77%)，色情描写(23%)
→来自希腊语pornographos,描写妓女的图画或文字，来自porne,妓女，原义可能为卖身为妓的女奴，来自per,买卖，词源同price.-graph,写，划，画。
US [pɔ:r'nɑ:.grə-] (informal porn) disapproving
noun uncountable
■books, magazines, films, etc. with no artistic value which describe or show sexual acts or naked people in a way that is intended to be sexually exciting but would be considered unpleasant or offensive by many people 淫秽作品；色情书刊（或电影等）
• a campaign against pornography 扫黄运动
• hard(-core) (= very detailed) porn 赤裸裸的色情作品
• soft(-core) (= not very detailed) porn 非露骨的色情作品
n. 色情文学；色情描写
 - erotology, coprology

Word: practically
Front: practically
[ˈpræktɪkli] (研四六托雅 3901/4456 -K2)
Vocabulary: practically
(once / 200 pages)
adv
Practically means nearly, like being practically broke if you have three dollars left in the whole world. It also means done in a practical way – if you wear sneakers on a long walk, you’re dressed practically.
There are two main senses of practically. If you have practically no free time, you have nearly no free time. If your hair is practically blonde, it is almost blonde. Also, this word can refer to the sense of practical as sensible and realistic. A smart worker will know how to get the job done practically (efficiently). A smart investor will invest money practically (wisely). Doing things practically is the opposite of being reckless and unrealistic.
WORD FAMILY
practical: impractical, practicality, practically +/impracticability: impracticabilities/impracticable: impracticability, impracticableness, impracticably/ impractical: impracticality, impractically/impracticality: impracticalities/practicability: practicabilities/ practicable: impracticable, practicability, practicableness, practicably/ practicality: practicalities/ practice: practicable, practical, practiced, practices, practicing/practiced: unpracticed
USAGE EXAMPLES
Reagan and his “dear friend, Margaret” agreed on practically everything.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
And, fellow Lion Dennis Boles marvels, customers from “practically every African country.”
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
“I practically live here,” said Ms. Raia, who struggled even to leave her house after a car crash left her disabled in the late 1990s.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adv. 实际上; 几乎; 事实上
分布：几乎(51%)，实际上(37%)，简直(12%)
ad.几乎,实际上,简直Practically, the plan didn't work well.实际上该计划进行得不顺利.
adverb
NEARLY 几乎
 ADVANCED
■almost or very nearly 几乎，差不多
• She blamed me for practically every mistake in the report. 她几乎把报告里所有的错误都怪在我头上。
• These changes would cost us practically nothing. 这些变化对我们几乎不会有任何损失。
• It's practically impossible for me to get home in less than an hour. 要我在一小时内到家几乎是不可能的。
• They used to argue all the time and now they've practically stopped talking to each other. 他们以前老是在争吵，现在几乎互不说话了。
['præk.tɪ.kli] adverb
REAL 实际上
■in a way that relates to real situations and actions rather than ideas 实用地，实际地
• Many people have offered to help, but there is little they can do practically. 很多人已经提供帮助，但实际上他们几乎帮不上甚么忙。
• Theoretically, it's a good idea to live without a car, but practically speaking , it would be difficult to manage without one. 理论上说，生活中不开车是个好主意，但实际上不用到汽车很难做到。
realistically, practically, virtually
realistically: 写实地，逼真地
practically: 几乎，实事求是地
virtually: 差不多地，事实上，实际上
adv. 实际地；几乎；事实上
 - almost, nearly, actually, really, most

Word: bulge
Front: bulge
[bʌldʒ] (雅宝 9786/9928 -1)
Vocabulary: bulge
(once / 1269 pages)
vn
To bulge is to stick out, making a bump called a bulge. A leak in the roof might make your ceiling bulge, and a giant feast could make a bulge over your waistband.
The word bulge comes from the Old French word bouge for "wallet.” A full wallet makes a bulge in a guy’s back pocket. Bodybuilders' muscles bulge out of their bodies. A pimple is a tiny bulge on your skin. For the record, Battle of the Bulge isn’t a diet plan. It was a battle in World War II. Americans called it the Battle of the Bulge because of the way the Allied front line bulged inward.
WORD FAMILY
bulge: bulged, bulges, bulging, bulgy+/bulging: bulgingly/bulgy: bulginess
USAGE EXAMPLES
Our artificial tree bulged outward from one corner of the living room, its not-quite-forest-green branches weighted ridiculously with lights and tinsel and garland and ornaments.
The New Yorker(Dec 22, 2016)
Robert Curtis, during the Battle of the Bulge in December 1944.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
The most imposing drawings are two large ones that bulge outward, mimicking the silo’s rounded shape.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 膨胀; 凸出部分; 暴涨，突增
v. 膨胀; 凸出; 急增
时态：bulged, bulging, bulges
分布：膨胀(78%)，暴增(14%)，充满(8%)
→词源同ball, 膨胀，鼓起，球。
【记】读：爆炸－膨胀，鼓起，突起的状态
【区】budge（v 让步）budget让一个t出来。bilge（n 船底），bill钞票，ge搁，把钞票搁在船底来走私。
【反】depressed region（凹陷的地方）
verb intransitive
■to stick out in a round shape 凸起，鼓起
• Her bags were bulging with shopping. 她的袋子鼓鼓的，装满了买来的东西。
[bʌldʒ] noun countable
■a curved shape sticking out from the surface of something 凸起；鼓起
• I wondered what the bulge in her coat pocket was. 我想知道她上衣口袋里鼓鼓的是甚么东西。
■a sudden increase that soon returns to the usual level 暂时的激增；突然上涨
• There was a bulge in spending in the early part of the year. 年初时开支曾出现突然上涨。
n. 胀；膨胀；凸出部分
 - expansion, inflation
vt. 使膨胀；使凸起
 - expand, plim
vi. 膨胀；凸出
 - fill, swell with

Word: rehabilitation
Front: rehabilitation
[ˌri:əˌbɪlɪ'teɪʃn] (托 4793/6184)
Vocabulary: rehabilitation
(once / 2698 pages)
1n 2n 3n
Rehabilitation is the act of restoring something to its original state, like the rehabilitation of the forest that had once been cleared for use as an amusement park.
The noun rehabilitation comes from the Latin prefix re-, meaning “again” and habitare, meaning “make fit.” When something falls in to disrepair and needs to be restored to a better condition, it needs rehabilitation. People seek rehabilitation after an accident or surgery to restore their strength, or to learn to live without drugs or other addictive substances or behaviors.
WORD FAMILY
rehabilitation: rehabilitations+/habilitate: habilitated, habilitating, rehabilitate / rehabilitate: rehabilitated, rehabilitates, rehabilitating, rehabilitation, rehabilitative
USAGE EXAMPLES
He said that he is supposed to begin his rehabilitation program towards the middle or end of January.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Hall said Monday morning that he is ahead of schedule in his rehabilitation.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
She is training to use the wearable robotic exoskeleton at North Mississippi Medical Center Outpatient Rehabilitation in preparation for using it at home.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 修复; 复兴; 复职; 恢复名誉
分布：修复(43%)，复原(28%)，复兴(16%)，恢复名誉(13%)
VERB
使康复;使戒毒(或戒酒);改造(罪犯)
To rehabilitate someone who has been ill or in prison means to help them to live a normal life again. To rehabilitate someone who has a drug or alcohol problem means to help them stop using drugs or alcohol.
例：Considerable efforts have been made to rehabilitate patients who have suffered in this way.为帮助遭受这种病痛折磨的病人康复付出了巨大努力。
VERB
使恢复名誉;给…平反昭雪
If someone is rehabilitated, they begin to be considered acceptable again after a period during which they have been rejected or severely criticized.
例：Ten years later, Dreyfus was rehabilitated...10年之后，德雷福斯的冤情得以昭雪。
例：His candidacy has divided the party; while most have scorned him, others have sought to rehabilitate him.他的候选资格使该党出现分化;其中大多数人都嘲弄他，而另外一些人则想办法为他恢复名誉。
VERB
复原，修葺，整修，修复(建筑物或某区域)
To rehabilitate a building or an area means to improve its condition so that it can be used again.
例：...a program for rehabilitating low-income housing.对低收入者的住房进行整修的项目
n. 复原
 - recovery, regression, redintegration

Word: depreciation
Front: depreciation
[dɪˌpri:ʃɪ'eɪʃn] (托 15213/9213)
Vocabulary: depreciation
(once / 2857 pages)
n
Depreciation is when the value of a currency is lowered. The depreciation of the U.S. dollar when compared to the Euro, for example, means that you'll pay more for things in Europe at the current exchange rate.
Depreciation is from the Latin word depretiare, which means to lower in price, with the roots de, meaning "down," and pretium, meaning "price." If something goes down in value, then the amount of the decrease is called depreciation. If, for example, you buy a car for $10,000, but a year later it is only worth $8,000 due to wear and tear, then the depreciation on the car is $2,000.
WORD FAMILY
depreciation: depreciations, self-depreciation+/ depreciate: depreciated, depreciates, depreciating, depreciation, depreciative, depreciator, depreciatory/depreciating: depreciatingly/depreciative: depreciatively/depreciator: depreciators/depreciatory: depreciatorily
USAGE EXAMPLES
A bigger issue, they said is how to break the cycle of greater depreciation leading to more outflows and more stress.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Experts said the rise in value was linked to the long-term depreciation of the Chinese Yuan.
BBC(Dec 23, 2016)
With a recent currency depreciation pumping up prices even higher, some parents are simply canceling Christmas.
Reuters(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. （资产等）折旧; 货币贬值; 跌价
分布：折旧(59%)，贬值(40%)，减价(1%)
贬值;轻视(depreciate+ion)[prais,preci=value表示"价值"]
noun uncountable
■when something loses value 贬值，跌价
n. [会计] 折旧； [经] 贬值
 - disvalue

Word: digest
Front: digest
[daɪˈdʒest] (高研四六托雅 9447/7573 -2)
Vocabulary: digest
(once / 295 pages)
1v 2vn 3v
When your stomach breaks down food, it digests it. To digest is to process food so it can be absorbed into the body or information so the mind can absorb it.
If you tell your mother some bad news, like say, that you failed your math test after studying so hard, she might say, "Let me take a moment to digest that information." She's not going to swallow the paper and let her stomach do the work. Instead, she's going to take a moment to sit with the news and understand it. As a noun, a digest is a magazine that breaks down information into understandable summaries.
WORD FAMILY
digest: digested, digester, digestible, digesting, digestion, digestive, digests, predigest+/digested: undigested/digester: digesters/digestibility: digestibilities/digestible: digestibility, digestibleness, digestibly, indigestible, nondigestible/ digestion: digestions, indigestion, self-digestion/digestive: digestively, digestives/indigestible: indigestibility, indigestibleness, indigestibly/ indigestion: indigestions/predigest: predigested, predigesting
USAGE EXAMPLES
Golf Digest will unveil the latest edition of America's 100 Greatest Golf Courses later this week.
Golf Digest(Jan 02, 2017)
There was a lot to digest Sunday, both good and bad, for Anaheim.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
He traces an unexpected but plausible route from the Digesting Duck to the first programmable computer.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 消化; 整理
vt. 吸收; 领悟; 玩味
vi. 消化; 吸收食物; [化学]加热
n. 文摘; 摘要; 法律汇编; 罗马法典
时态：digested, digesting, digests
分布：消化(68%)，摘要(29%)，理解(3%)
→dis-, 分开，散开。-gest,携带，含有，词源同ingest, gesture. 即带向不同方向，用于指消化，后也用于指文摘。
消化;文摘(di+gest带→带下去→消化→经过消化后的精华→文摘)[di-①表示"两个,双"②表示"使…变成,分开,离开"]
消化;摘要(di分开+gest→分开带→[把营养]带到身体→消化)[gest,gister=carry,bring,表示"带来,产生"]
vt.消化;领会,融会贯通n.文摘,摘要I guess the guest's gesture suggested that he could not digest well.我猜想客人的手势暗示了他消化不良.
verb[daɪˈdʒest/
EAT 吃
 ADVANCED intransitive or transitive
■to change food in your stomach into substances that your body can use （使）消化
• I find that I don't digest meat easily. 我发现自己不容易消化肉食。
• Sit still and allow your meal to digest. 静静地坐着，让胃里的食物消化消化。
verb[daɪˈdʒest/
UNDERSTAND 理解
transitive
■to read or hear new information and take the necessary time to understand it 理解，吸收（资讯）
• This chapter is so difficult to digest, I shall have to read it again later. 这一章不容易理解消化，稍后我还得再看一遍。
noun countable /ˈdaɪ.dʒest/
■a short written report providing the most important parts of a larger piece of writing, or one containing recent news 文摘，摘要；文汇，简报
• A digest of the research findings is now available. 研究成果的简报已经出来了。
• The company publishes a monthly digest of its activities. 该公司每月出一份活动简报。
abstract, summary, resume, digest, outline
这组词都有“摘要、概要、概括”的意思，其区别是：
abstract: 指论文、书籍等正文前的内容摘要，尤指学术论文或法律文件的研究提要。
summary: 普通用词，指将书籍或文章等的内容，用寥寥数语作简明扼要的说明。
resume: 源于洁语，与summary极相近，通常可互换使用。
digest: 侧重对原文融汇贯通，重新谋篇布局，以简明扼要的语言，简短篇幅成文，展现原作精华。
outline: 指配以释议文字的提纲。
incorporate, absorb, suck, digest
这组词都有“吸收”的意思，其区别是：
incorporate: 指一物或多物与它物相融合，形成一整体。
absorb: 普通用词，词义广泛，既可指吸收光、热、液体等具体东西，又可指吸收知识等抽象概念的东西。
suck: 作“吸收”解时，可与absorb换用，但还可有“吮吸”之意。
digest: 侧重在消化道内改变食物的化学结构后被人体吸收。
vt. 消化；吸收；融会贯通
 - absorb, drink in
n. 文摘；摘要
 - abstract, brief, summary, resume

Word: em
Front: em
[em] (6683/20657)
Back: n. 全身，行长单位
adj. 全身长（或宽）的（印刷符号）
分布：名词(100%)
PREFIX
（用于以b，m和p开头的单词前）同en-
Em- is a form of en- that is used before b-, m-, and p-.
例：The person who embodies democracy at the local level is the mayor...在地方上代表民主的人是市长。
例：I want to empower the businessman.我想给那个商人授权。

Word: dine
Front: dine
[daɪn] (高研六雅 7360/7900 -2)
Vocabulary: dine
(once / 40 pages)
v
To dine is to eat a meal, particularly the last meal of the day. When you invite friends over for dinner, you can ask them if they'd like to dine with you.
You can dine at home, or dine at a fancy restaurant — in either case, you're eating dinner. If someone tells you they "dine out on" a funny story, they mean it's endlessly entertaining and buys them a lot of good will and amusement. The verb dine comes from the Old French disner, "to dine" or "to have a meal," from desjunare, "to break one's fast."
WORD FAMILY
dine: dined, diner, dines, dining, dinner, undine+/ diner: diners/dining: dinings/ dinner: dinners/undine: undines
USAGE EXAMPLES
AeroFarms supplies greens to the dining rooms at the Times, Goldman Sachs, and several other corporate accounts in New York.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Across the hall is the massive dining room, adorned too with holiday decorations.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Which led Ken Charney to ask me if the Columbia Heights eatery, awarded 3½ stars in my fall dining guide, is suitable for a vegetarian.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: vi. 吃饭，进餐
vt. 设宴款待，请客
时态：dined, dining, dines
分布：进餐(88%)，用正餐(12%)
→来自拉丁语*disjejunare, dis-, 不，非，使相反，jejunare,斋戒，词源同jejune. 即结束斋戒，开始进餐，早餐。
v.吃饭,进餐We are dined and wined in the inner dining-room of the inn.在旅店的内部餐厅,我们受到了酒宴款待.
[daɪn] formal
verb intransitive
■to eat the main meal of the day, usually in the evening 吃正餐；吃晚饭
• I hate dining alone. 我不喜欢一个人吃晚饭。
• We dined by candlelight. 我们在烛光下吃晚餐。
• He once dined with the President of France. 他曾经跟法国总统共进晚餐。
[daɪn] formal
verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  dine on/upon sth
■to eat something as a meal 吃…（作为一餐）
• We dined on salmon and strawberries. 我们那顿饭吃的是鲑鱼和草莓。
[daɪn] formal
verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  dine out
■to go to a restaurant to eat your evening meal 到餐馆吃晚饭，外出吃晚饭
• We rarely dine out these days. 这些日子我们很少出去吃晚饭。
[daɪn] formal
verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  dine out on sth mainly UK
■to entertain people, especially at a meal, by telling them about an experience you have had （尤指吃饭时）讲（自己的某一经历）来逗乐
• For months I've been dining out on the story of what happened when my house got flooded. 一连几个月我在晚餐时都要对别人讲起房子被水淹之后所发生的事情。
dine, gorge, have, swallow, eat, devour, consume
这组词都有“吃”的意思，其区别是：
dine: 正式用词，既可指一日三餐中的任何一餐，也可以指特殊的用餐。
gorge: 侧重指拼命地吃或塞，强调吃饱或吃得过量。
have: 可与eat换用，但强调一次性的动作。
swallow: 主要指吃的整个过程的第二部分“咽”，并常指咀嚼得匆匆忙忙地吃。
eat: 普通用词，使用广泛。既可用于人，也可用于动物。
devour: 指狼吞虎咽地吃，强调吃得既快又彻底。
consume: 侧重痛痛快快地吃得一干二净，可用于人和动物。
vi. 进餐，用餐
 - have a dinner, have meals
vt. 宴请
 - banquet, feast

Word: flex
Front: flex
[fleks] (8856/10017 -1)
Vocabulary: flex
(once / 447 pages)
1vn 2v
When you flex something, you bend or contract it. To appear super tough, you might flex your archery bow while flexing your muscles.
Things curve and bend when they flex, whether they're human joints or objects made of a bendable material like plastic or soft wood. Another way to flex is to tense or contract a muscle: "The weightlifter flexes her biceps." Experts suspect that flexible came first, from the Latin root flexibilis, "flexible, pliant, or yielding," and figuratively, "tractable, or easily influenced."
WORD FAMILY
flex: flexed, flexes, flexible, flexing, flexure+/ flexibility: flexibilities/ flexible: flexibility, flexibleness, flexibly, inflexible /flexure: flexures/ inflexibility: inflexibilities/ inflexible: inflexibility, inflexibleness, inflexiblest, inflexibly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sen. Elizabeth Warren is flexing her fundraising muscles on behalf of fellow Senate Democrats as she looks ahead to the 2018 elections.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
If not, sparklers or terrible indoor fireworks are a low-cost way for teens and pre-teens to flex their sarcasm muscles.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
He is not running with any authority or burst, and should not be considered as anything more than a flex option this week.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: v. 弯曲（关节）; 收缩（肌肉）; 显示力量
n. 弯曲; [电]花线
时态：flexed, flexing, flexes
分布：弯曲(45%)，弹性(19%)，屈曲(14%)，伸缩(12%)，花线(10%)
→来自flexible的回构词。
弯曲[flect,flex=bend,表示"弯曲"]
verb transitive
■to bend an arm, leg, etc. or tighten a muscle 活动（手臂、腿等）；使（肌肉）绷紧
• First, straighten your legs, then flex your feet. 首先，伸直双腿，接着活动双脚。
• He tried to impress me by flexing his huge muscles. 他绷紧他那些大块的肌肉，想让我注意他。
[fleks] verb transitive
flex your muscles
■to try to worry an opponent by publicly showing military, political or financial power （透过军事、政治或经济实力的展示向对手）显示实力，显示力量
• The parade is the first sign of the new regime flexing its military muscles. 阅兵式是新政权显示其军事实力的第一个信号。
⇒ See also muscle-flexing
[fleks] noun countable or uncountable UK (US cord)
■(a length of) wire with a plastic cover used for connecting a piece of electrical equipment to a supply of electricity （一段）花线，（一段）皮线
• The flex on this iron isn't long enough to reach the socket. 熨斗的电源皮线不够长，接不到插座上。
vt. 折曲；使收缩
 - constringe, shrink
vi. 弯曲；收缩
 - contract, bend
n. 屈曲；电线；松紧带
 - band, buckling

Word: knit
Front: knit
[nɪt] (研四六雅宝 8436/3347 -K2)
Vocabulary: knit
(once / 370 pages)
1vn 2v
If you decide to knit a sweater, you will need yarn, knitting needles, an instruction manual, and lots of patience! Knitting involves different kinds of stitches or consecutive loops that you create in rows.
The verb is derived from the Old English cnyttan, meaning “to tie with a knot, bind or fasten.” While knitting can also be completed with a machine, many people knit hats, scarves, and mittens as a hobby. Knit can also mean “entwine.” Two ideas or concepts can be knit together, and it could be said that a marriage knits two people together. Note that the ‘k’ at the beginning is silent.
WORD FAMILY
knit: knits, knitted, knitter, knitting+/knitter: knitters/knitting: knittings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Knitted figures with, frankly, very good crochet work.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
An appeal for volunteers to knit cots, wraps and hats for still-born babies saw a big response and items now fill Mr Scully-Sloan's living room.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
In the back room, where Ms. Cook-Lopez used to do her schoolwork as a girl, she now runs knitting and crocheting classes.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 编织，编结; 接合（折骨等）; 使皱起，使皱紧; 使紧密相联
n. 编织物; 编织法
时态：knit, knitted, knitting, knits
分布：编织(76%)，结合(10%)，皱眉(9%)，密接(5%)
→来自knot的动词形式。
v.编织,编结;接合,粘合I've been knitting since morning.我从早上起一直在编织毛线.
【记】源于knot（n 结；v 打结）
【参】knoll（n 小圆丘）这个单词也源于knot。
【反】ravel（v 拆线；解开）
verb
MAKE CLOTHES 做衣服
 ADVANCED intransitive or transitive (knitting, knitted or knit, knitted or knit)
■to make clothes, etc. by using two long needles to connect wool or another type of thread into joined rows 编结；编织
• She's forever knitting. 她总是在织东西。
• She's busy knitting baby clothes. 她忙着编织婴儿衣服。
• [+ two objects] My granny knitted me some gloves/knitted some gloves for me. 我外婆为我织了些手套。
⇒ See also knitwear
transitive (knitting, knitted or knit, knitted or knit) specialized
■to do the most basic type of stitch, when knitting something 织（平针）
• Knit one, purl one. 正一针，反一针。
[nɪt] verb
JOIN 连结
intransitive or transitive (knitting, knit, knit)
■to join together （使）结合
• The broken bone should begin to knit (together) in a few days. 断骨会在几天内开始愈合。
• The two communities are closely knit by a common faith. 两个团体因共同的信仰而紧密联合在一起。
closely/tightly knit (also close/tight-knit)
■closely connected 紧密相连的
• a very close-knit family 关系紧密的家庭
• a tightly knit community 紧密团结的团体
[nɪt] verb
knit your brow/brows literary
■to frown (= move your eyebrows down and together) because you are thinking carefully, or because you are angry or worried 皱眉；眉头紧锁
• He knitted his brow in concentration. 他紧锁双眉，神情专注。
weave, knit
这组词都有“编织”的意思，其区别是：
weave: 指用机器或手工编织物品。
knit: 指用织钟把毛线等编织成衣物等。
vi. [纺] 编织；结合；皱眉
 - couple, bond, become one, combine
vt. [纺] 编织；结合
 - become one, couple, link

Word: notwithstanding
Front: notwithstanding
[ˌnɒtwɪθˈstændɪŋ] (研六托 10393/9042 -1)
Vocabulary: notwithstanding
(once / 193 pages)
adv
Notwithstanding means "in spite of something." Your boasts about having memorized the entire textbook and bribing the teacher with apples notwithstanding, you still managed to fail the final exam with flying colors.
You don't have to look too closely at the word to be able to break it into three parts: not- + withstand (to successfully oppose or resist) + the participial ending -ing. In the most literal sense, notwithstanding actually means to successfully oppose or resist. Top-of-the-line wet-traction tires notwithstanding, the car still got stuck in the mud. Notwithstanding works just as well in a more figurative context. His reputation for charm and tact notwithstanding, he offended everyone in the room.
WORD FAMILY
notwithstanding: notwithstandings
USAGE EXAMPLES
And global condemnations notwithstanding, the trend is poised to accelerate.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
That’s right, over 30,000 settlement units advance notwithstanding the positions in the United States and other countries.
Time(Dec 28, 2016)
The bigger problem is that, Tesla-lovers notwithstanding, few people want to buy electric cars.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: prep. 尽管; 虽然
adv. 尽管如此，仍然; 还是
conj. 虽然，尽管
分布：尽管(72%)，虽然(25%)，纵使(3%)
→来自not withstanding,对应拉丁语non obstante,没有障碍。后用于副词虽然，尽管。比较nevertheless,nonetheless.
prep./ad./conj.尽管Hitherto the withering flowers can't withstand the sunshine notwithstanding my care.尽管有我的呵护,这些凋谢的花至今仍经不起阳光.
US [ˌnɑ:t-] formal
preposition adverb
■despite the fact or thing mentioned 尽管
• Notwithstanding some members' objections, I think we must go ahead with the plan. 尽管遭到一些成员反对，我还是认为我们应该实施该计划。
• Injuries notwithstanding, he won the semi-final match. 尽管身上有伤，他还是在半决赛中获胜。
in spite of, notwithstanding, despite
这组词都有“虽然，尽管”的意思，其区别是：
in spite of: 在这些词中语气最强，可与despite换用，口语或书面语中均可使用。
notwithstanding: 语气最弱，仅表示一种障碍的存在。
despite: 书面用词，指不受某事或某种原因的阻碍，语气轻于in spite of。
adv. 尽管，仍然
 - still, toujours
prep. 尽管，虽然
 - in spite of, in despite of
conj. 虽然
 - although, while, though, as, albeit

Word: remake
Front: remake
[ˈri:meɪk] (10609/20128 -1)
Back: vt. 再作，再制; 修改，翻新
n. 重制，改造; 翻新; 重制物; 重新摄制的影片
时态：remade, remaking, remakes
分布：再制(47%)，再作(23%)，改作(15%)，重作(15%)
→re-,再，重新，make,做。
[ˌri:'meɪk] (remade, remade)
verb transitive
■to make a new film which has a story and title similar to an old one 重新摄制，改编（电影）
• The French film 'Trois Hommes et un Couffin' was remade in Hollywood as 'Three Men and a Baby'. 法国电影《三个男人和一个摇篮》被好莱坞重拍成电影《三个奶爸一个娃》。
n. 重做；重制物
 - do-over
vt. 再制
 - refabricate

Word: pilgrim
Front: pilgrim
[ˈpɪlgrɪm] (研六雅宝 9037/8758 -2)
Vocabulary: pilgrim
(once / 937 pages)
n
You might be a Muslim on your way to Mecca, or a Hindu going to the Ganges, or a Christian traveling to Lourdes. When you make a reverent journey to a place you consider sacred, you're a pilgrim.
You can also use the word less seriously and call yourself a pilgrim when you make the trip to Graceland for Elvis Week. Another kind of pilgrim (often spelled with a capital P) are the Puritans who fled religious persecution in Europe, came over on the Mayflower, and founded Plymouth Colony, in Massachusetts. The word comes from the Latin peregrinus, "foreign," or "a foreigner," and if you just travel to foreign countries, you’re a pilgrim, too.
WORD FAMILY
pilgrim: pilgrims
USAGE EXAMPLES
Omelets were popular for eat-and-run pilgrims who needed to beat the tide — and they’re still an island specialty and popular with tourists.
Seattle Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Born in Siberia in 1869, he claimed a religious vision and left his obscure village as a pilgrim.
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
Last month, a suicide car bomber hit Shiite pilgrims returning from a major religious observance, killing 92.
Seattle Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 香客，朝圣者; 旅行者; 追寻者; 〈美〉新来移民，1620年移居美洲的英国清教徒
v. 朝圣，参拜圣地; 流浪
分布：朝圣者(100%)
→来自古法语pelerin,peregrin,朝圣者，外国人，来自拉丁语pelegrinus,异化自peregrinus,外国人，词源同peregrinate,peregrine.字母r,l音变，比较plum,prune.
n.(在国外)旅游者;朝圣者,最初的移民He went to Mecca as a pilgrim.他去麦加朝圣.
【记】pil药丸，g鬼，rim边上：有药和鬼在边上－鬼就是上帝，朝圣客就是朝圣上帝，药是用来镇定的，万一上帝真是鬼怎么办？？？
noun countable
■a person who makes a journey, which is often long and difficult, to a special place for religious reasons 朝圣者，香客
n. 朝圣者；漫游者；（美）最初的移民
 - palmer, rover
vi. 去朝圣；漫游
 - range, roam about

Word: rust
Front: rust
[rʌst] (研四六托雅 10260/14222 -1)
Vocabulary: rust
(once / 469 pages)
1nvadj 2n
Rust is the reddish-brown stuff that forms over time on metal that's gotten wet. Your dad's beat-up old car probably has some rust on it somewhere.
If you leave your bike out overnight in the rain, it'll be fine — you can dry it off the next day. If you leave it out for several rainy weeks, though, your bike will end up with rust on it. Rust appears as brown spots where the combination of water and oxygen has coated the metal with a compound that chemists call an oxide. Rust, which is also a verb, comes from a Germanic root meaning "redness."
WORD FAMILY
rust: rust-colored, rusted, ruster, rusting, rustless, rustly, rusts, rusty +/ rusty: rustier, rustiest, rustily, rustiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
But he showed no signs of rust in his 61-minute win over Evans.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
She added that cities in the Rust Belt are “all looking at how immigrant integration plays a part in that revitalization of a city.”
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Eve Valkyrie, meanwhile, is a full-blown multiplayer space combat sim, throwing the player into chaotic dogfights around the rusting hulks of dead spaceships.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 铁锈; 锈病，锈菌; 荒废，停滞; 锈，锈色
vt. & vi. （使）生锈; [植]害锈病; 变钝，荒废
时态：rusted, rusting, rusts
分布：生锈(54%)，铁锈(26%)，锈菌(16%)，损害(2%)，变成锈色(1%)，赤褐色(1%)
→来自古英语 rust,锈，锈蚀，来自 reudh,红色的，来自 reudh,红色的，词源同 red,russet.
n.铁锈v.(使)生锈Iron rusts easily.铁易生锈.
noun uncountable
■a reddish brown substance that forms on the surface of iron and steel as a result of decay caused by reacting with air and water 锈；铁锈
• patches of rust 斑斑锈迹
■a reddish brown colour that looks like rust 铁锈色；赭色
■any of various plant diseases that cause reddish brown spots （植物的）锈病
[rʌst] verb intransitive or transitive
■to become or cause something to become covered with rust （使）生锈
• Older cars will begin to rust. 旧车将会开始生锈。
• Years of being left out in the rain had rusted the metal chairs. 这些铁椅子由于长年在室外淋雨已经生锈了。
• The floor of the car had rusted away/through (= been destroyed by rust) , so I was careful where I put my feet. 车的底板都锈坏／烂了，所以我放脚时很小心，不能乱踩。
n. [材] [化工] 锈；生锈； [植保] 锈病
 - patination
vt. 使生锈；腐蚀
 - eat, cauterize
vi. 生锈；成铁锈色；变迟钝
 - dull

Word: triangle
Front: triangle
[ˈtraɪæŋgl] (高研四六托雅 5605/5296 -K1)
Back: n. 三角形; 三人一组; 三角铁; 三角板
分布：名词(100%)
→tri-, 三，angle,角。
三角形(tri[tri-表示"三"]+angle角)
n.三角(形)The language angel hanged up the gang and banged them at the angle of the triangle.语文天使将那伙人吊起朝三角形的角上猛撞.
noun countable
 IMPROVER
■a flat shape with three straight sides 三角形
• an equilateral/isosceles triangle 等边／等腰三角形
 ADVANCED
■anything which has three straight sides 三角形物
• Which earrings did you buy in the end - the triangles or the circles? 最后你买了甚么样的耳环——三角形的还是圆的？
■a musical instrument consisting of a thin metal bar bent into a triangle shape which is hit with a metal bar to make a sound 三角铁（打击乐器）
US for * setsquare
(also frame)
■a three-sided frame for arranging the balls at the start of a game of billiards , pool , etc. 三角板（一种三边的框架，用于在撞球、弹子球等比赛开始时把球放好）
n. [数] [昆] [测] 三角（形）；三角关系；三角形之物；三人一组
 - trigona, Misumi

Word: abduct
Front: abduct
[æbˈdʌkt] (托宝 11439/15203 -1)
Vocabulary: abduct
(once / 1806 pages)
1v 2v
To abduct someone is to commit the crime of kidnapping person and holding them for ransom.
Being abducted is one of the worst things that can happen to you. Fortunately, it's very rare. To abduct is to kidnap — to take someone against their will and imprison them. After an abduction, the abductors (kidnappers) may send a ransom note, asking for money.
WORD FAMILY
abduct: abducted, abducting, abduction, abductor, abducts+/ abduction: abductions/abductor: abductors
USAGE EXAMPLES
The children were killed after being abducted from their custodial grandparents’ home.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The students were abducted and presumably killed by drug gangsters in collusion with police officers.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
In a sign of the dangers that lurk, a Swiss aid worker was abducted from her home by armed men on Christmas Eve.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vt. 劫持; 诱拐; 使外展
时态：abducted, abducting, abducts
分布：诱拐(88%)，绑走(12%)
→前缀ab-,离开。词根duct，拉，导引，见conduct,引导。
诱拐(ab+duct引导→引走→诱拐)[ab-,abs-加在词根前,表示"相反,变坏,离去"等]
诱拐(ab离开+duct→引开→诱拐)[duc,duct=lead,bring,表示"引导,带来"]
【参】viaduct（n 高架桥）；introduction（n 介绍；引入）
verb transitive
■to force someone to go somewhere with you, often using threats or violence 绑架；劫持；诱拐
• The company director was abducted from his car by terrorists. 公司董事被恐怖分子从自己的车里劫走了。
vt. 绑架； [法] 诱拐；使外展
 - spirit, kidnap

Word: aversion
Front: aversion
[əˈvɜ:ʃn] (托宝 12694/13964 -1)
Vocabulary: aversion
(once / 976 pages)
1n 2n
If you have an aversion to something, you have an intense dislike for it. Commonly it's food, but you could have an aversion to black and white movies, driving with the windows open, or taking calls from salespeople.
An aversion is also the person or thing that is the object of such intense dislike: her aversions included all kinds of vegetables and fruits. This noun is from Latin avertio, ultimately from avertere "to turn away," from the prefix a- "from" plus vertere "to turn." Near synonyms are repugnance and antipathy.
WORD FAMILY
aversion: aversions+/ avert: aversion, avertable, averted, averting, averts
USAGE EXAMPLES
He felt things deeply; those aversions were matched by equally consuming passions.
New York Times(Mar 27, 2013)
For now, one popular suggestion by news-literacy educators is to tap teenagers’ instinctive aversion to people telling them what to think.
Slate(Dec 21, 2016)
This is not because of an aversion to technology, nor the lack of necessary skills.
Economist(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. 厌恶; 讨厌的人或东西; <废>转变方向; 背离
分布：嫌恶(58%)，憎恨(42%)
反感[ver,ert=turn,表示"转"]
嫌恶,憎恨(averse逆反的,反对的,a反+verse转)[-ion 1.表名词"动作或状态“2.表示"某种物,用品"]
【反】affinity（n 密切关系）；court（n 殷勤）；penchant＝propensity＝inclination＝proclivity（n 倾向；偏好）
US [-'vɝ:.ʒən] noun countable usually singular
■(a person or thing which causes) a feeling of strong dislike or of not wishing to do something 厌恶，反感；讨厌的人（或事物）
• I felt an instant aversion to his parents. 我立刻对他的父母产生了反感。
• She has a deep aversion to getting up in the morning. 早上她很不愿意起床。
• Greed is my pet aversion (= the thing I dislike most of all). 我最痛恨贪得无厌。
n. 厌恶；讨厌的人
 - abomination, allergy

Word: unfinished
Front: unfinished
[ʌnˈfɪnɪʃt] (8409/9507 -1)
Back: adj. 未做完的; 未完成的; 未润饰的; 未整理的
分布：未完成的(96%)，未经最后加工的(4%)
adjective
■not ended or completed 未完成的
unfinished business
■a matter, especially a disagreement, that is not yet decided or agreed 未决事务；（尤指）未解决的分歧
• I still have some unfinished business with you. 我跟你还有些事情没处理完。
adj. 未完成的
 - uncompleted, atelic

Word: rash
Front: rash
[ræʃ] (研六 8937/11233 -2)
Vocabulary: rash
(once / 435 pages)
1adj 2n
A rash is something that spreads like wild fire — red itchy skin or a series of unfortunate events. It can also describe an impulsive, wild decision.
As an adjective, rash has meant "quick, vigorous" since the 1300s by way of Scotland. The meaning shifted to "reckless" a few hundred years later, and can still be used that way — a "rash decision" is a sudden, not well thought out one. Rash, the noun that no one wants on their skin, came a few hundred years after that, but from the French word rache which at some point meant "ringworm." Ringworm still gives us a red, itchy rash. Fun! Rash can also mean a lot of unpleasant things happening in a short amount of time, like robberies or earthquakes.
WORD FAMILY
rash: rashes, rashest, rashly, rashness+/rashness: rashnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
She recalled how wearing a hairpiece caused a rash.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
Cleveland dressed only 10 players thanks to a rash of recent injuries.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
For now, the more pressing priority is weathering an uncommon rash of injuries in the frontcourt.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 鲁莽的，轻率的; 性急的; 不顾后果的
n. （皮）疹; 爆发; 同时大量出现的事件
分布：疹子(39%)，轻率的(25%)，鲁莽的(24%)，大量(12%)
→可能来自俗拉丁语*rasicare,刮，擦，来自拉丁语 radere,刮，擦，词源同 rat,eraser.
a.轻率的,鲁莽的n.皮疹It was rash of you to say so.你那样说真是太卤莽了.
【记】源于：brash（adj 仓促无礼的）r＝run，ash灰：跑到灰里去了－鲁莽的
【反】circumspective（adj 慎重的）
noun
SKIN CONDITION 皮肤状况
countable or uncountable
■a lot of small red spots on the skin 皮疹，疹子
• I've got an itchy rash all over my chest. 我胸部出满了疹子，痒得要命。
• He came out/up in a rash after he fell in a patch of nettles. 他摔倒在一片荨麻地里，结果身上就起了疹子。
• If you stay in the sun too long you'll get (a) heat rash. 如果你在阳光下呆得太久，就会生痱子。
[ræʃ] noun
LARGE NUMBER 大量
a rash of sth
■a large number of unpleasant events of the same type （一下子出现的）大量令人不快的事
• There has been a rash of robberies/accidents/complaints in the last two months. 过去两个月中，突然发生很多起抢劫案／一下出了很多宗事故／接二连三收到多宗投诉。
[ræʃ] adjective
■careless or unwise, without thought for what might happen or result 轻率的；鲁莽的；毛躁的
• That was a rash decision - you didn't think about the costs involved. 那个决定太轻率了——你没有考虑到这样做的代价。
• [+ to infinitive] I think it was a bit rash of them to get married when they'd only known each other for a few weeks. 我觉得他们刚认识几周就结婚有些草率。
adj. 轻率的；鲁莽的；不顾后果的
 - hasty, imprudent
n. [皮肤] 皮疹；突然大量出现的事物
 - quat, tetter

Word: cynicism
Front: cynicism
['sɪnɪsɪzəm] (9801/11373)
Vocabulary: cynicism
(once / 2369 pages)
n
Cynicism is the feeling of distrust or that something isn't going to work out well. Some people feel cynicism when politicians make big promises.
To pronounce cynicism, place the accent on the first syllable: "SIH-nuh-cih-zum." You might associate cynicism with sarcasm. Cynicism comes from believing that people are, at heart, selfish and untrustworthy. Sarcasm is the expression of negative feelings like cynicism, by expressing, for dramatic effect, the opposite of what is meant: "I'm quite sure that politician took that bribe by mistake. We all know how easy it is to overlook the sudden appearance of $2 million dollars in your checking account."
WORD FAMILY
cynicism: cynicisms
USAGE EXAMPLES
EL James redid Fifty Shades of Grey twice over anyway, and there was a cynicism to it.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
“Cynicism is growing and our hope for the future is narrowing down,” the director notes.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Pessimism and cynicism are, in fact, irrational responses to a year that brought real lows — but also much to be thankful about.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 讥笑，讥讽的言词; 愤世嫉俗; 玩世不恭; 犬儒哲学，犬儒主义
分布：愤世嫉俗(81%)，冷言冷语(9%)，讥笑(7%)，犬儒哲学.(3%)
愤世嫉俗(cynic+ism→犬儒主义的[cyn=dog,表示"狗"]
犬儒主义(cynic犬儒主义者)[-ism名词1.表示"主义,宗教"2.表示"学术,流派"3.表示"行为,现象,状态"4.表示"疾病"5.表示"具备某种牲质"]
N-UNCOUNT
认为世人皆自私的观念;愤世嫉俗
Cynicism is the belief that people always act selfishly.
例：I found Ben's cynicism wearing at times.我有时觉得本的愤世嫉俗令人厌烦。
N-UNCOUNT
(对成功或人的真善的）怀疑
Cynicism about something is the belief that it cannot be successful or that the people involved are not honourable.
例：This talk betrays a certain cynicism about free trade.这番讲话流露出一种对自由贸易不看好的态度。
n. 玩世不恭，愤世嫉俗；犬儒主义；冷嘲热讽
 - misanthropy

Word: comparative
Front: comparative
[kəmˈpærətɪv] (研四六托 6267/4586 -2)
Vocabulary: comparative
(once / 175 pages)
1adj 2n
The word comparative deals, naturally, with comparisons, looking at characteristics of two or more things. For example, you might study a course such as comparative literature, which examines works from two or more cultures or languages.
Coming from the Latin verb comparāre, "to compare," comparative worked its way into Late Middle English as an adjectival form indicating comparison. In the comparative form, the adjective either ends in "-er" (my hands are smaller than yours are) or uses the word "more" before it (you are more qualified than the other applicants are). The word also can offer an estimate rather than an absolute. You might be a comparative beginner in cooking class, but your ham still won the prize.
WORD FAMILY
comparative: comparatively, comparatives+/ comparable: comparability, comparably, incomparable, uncomparable/comparably: uncomparably/ compare: comparable, comparative, compared, compares, comparing/ incomparable: incomparablest, incomparably
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It is the most important book in comparative religious studies ever,” Stephen Prothero, a professor of religion at Boston University, said in an interview.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Comparative figures were not available for how the New York Times ranks against similar publishers, including The Washington Post.
Reuters(Dec 28, 2016)
Bellezza also did a comparative study in the paper of how American subjects versus those in Italy perceived busyness at work.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 比较（上）的; 按比较估计的; 相当的，还可以的
n. [语]（形容词或副词的）比较级形式; 可匹敌者，可比拟物
分布：比较的(46%)，比较级(39%)，相当的(15%)
a.比较的,相当的The expedition was comparatively successful.那次探险相当成功.
US [-'per.ə.tˌɪv] noun countable specialized
 ADVANCED
■the form of an adjective or adverb that expresses a difference in amount, in number, in degree or quality （形容词或副词的）比较级
• 'Fatter' is the comparative of 'fat'. fatter 是 fat 的比较级。
• 'More difficult' is the comparative of 'difficult'. more difficult 是 difficult 的比较级。
UK [kəm'pær.ə.tɪv] US [-'per.ə.tˌɪv] adjective
EXAMINING DIFFERENCES 查找差异
■comparing different things 比较的，对比的
• She's carrying out a comparative study of health in inner cities and rural areas. 她正在对市中心区和乡村地区的健康问题进行比较研究。
comparative comfort/freedom/silence
■a situation which is comfortable, free, silent, etc. when compared to another situation or what is normal 相对的舒适／自由／安静
• I enjoyed the comparative calm of his flat after the busy office. 在办公室忙碌一天之后，我喜欢他公寓里相对的安静。
UK [kəm'pær.ə.tɪv] US [-'per.ə.tˌɪv] adjective
WORD FORM 文法 specialized
■relating to the form of an adjective or adverb that expresses a difference in amount, in number, in degree or quality （形容词或副词的）比较级的
• The comparative form of 'slow' is 'slower'. slow 的比较级形式是 slower。
adj. 比较的；相当的
 - corresponding, condign
n. 比较级；对手
 - equal, opponent, match, rival

Word: marvel
Front: marvel
[ˈmɑ:vl] (六托雅宝 7805/11744 -1)
Vocabulary: marvel
(once / 233 pages)
vn
The Latin source of the word marvel is mirari, "to wonder at," and that's exactly what marvel means when it's a verb. You may marvel at the depth of the Grand Canyon or at the size of a pimple.
When it entered the English language in 1300, marvel meant "miracle" –- that is, a supernatural act of divine agency (miracle actually comes from the same Latin word as marvel). By 1386, Geoffrey Chaucer was able to use the Middle English meruailles to describe more mundane astonishment. Chaucer also used marvel –- maruaylen, actually –- as a verb. In contemporary usage, the close synonym wonder is used much more often –- unless you happen to be a fan of the comic book universe created by Stan Lee. As a noun, anything that provokes wonder is a marvel.
WORD FAMILY
marvel: marveled, marveling, marvelled, marveller, marvelling, marvelous, marvels+/marveller: marvellers/ marvelous: marvelously
USAGE EXAMPLES
And, fellow Lion Dennis Boles marvels, customers from “practically every African country.”
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
The Disney-owned Marvel Studios once again proved its power with “Captain America: Civil War,” which grossed $408 million to land at No. 2.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Skype debuted its own set of icons, dubbed Emoticons, around the November release of Marvel’s “Doctor Strange.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 奇迹; 令人惊奇的事物（或事例）
vt. & vi. 惊奇，对…感到惊奇
时态：marvelled, marvelling, marvels
分布：惊异(56%)，奇异的事物(22%)，令人吃惊的人(11%)，惊异于(11%)
→来自古法语marveille,惊讶，惊奇，奇迹，来自拉丁语mirari,感到惊讶和惊奇，词源同mirror,miracle,smile.
【反】mean（n / adj 低劣的；卑鄙的）；pedestrian（adj 通俗的）－marvelous（adj 引起惊异的）
US ['mɑ:r-] verb intransitive (-ll- or US USUALLY -l-)
■to show or experience great surprise or admiration （对…）感到惊奇，惊叹
• We paused to marvel at the view. 我们停下来，感叹景色之美。
• [+ that] 'I often marvel that humans can treat each other so badly. 人们竟可对他人如此恶劣，我时常感到惊诧不已。
• [+ speech] "Just look at that waterfall! Isn't it amazing?" she marvelled. “看那瀑布！真是令人惊叹，不是吗？”她赞叹道。
UK ['mɑ:.vəl] US ['mɑ:r-] noun countable
■a thing or person that is very surprising or causes a lot of admiration 奇迹；令人感到惊奇的事物（或人）
• This miniature TV is the latest technological marvel from Japan. 这台微型电视是日本的科技新宠。
• It 's a marvel (to me) how they've managed to build the tunnel so quickly. （我觉得）真不可思议，他们能这么快就把隧道建好。
phenomenon, miracle, marvel, wonder
这组词都有“奇迹”的意思，其区别是：
phenomenon: 指罕见的现象或奇人、奇事。
miracle: 一般指被认为是人力所办不到的奇异之事。
marvel: 侧重异乎寻常，奇怪，从而使人好奇。
wonder: 通常指使人惊奇的事迹、人物或景观，主要指人创造的奇迹。
n. 奇迹
 - phenomenon, miracle, wonder

Word: arbitration
Front: arbitration
[ˌɑ:bɪˈtreɪʃn] (托 8897/7414 -1)
Vocabulary: arbitration
(once / 1506 pages)
n
When an uninvolved, impartial person is called in to help settle a dispute, it's called arbitration. The person in charge of the arbitration acts like an official referee, helping both sides come to an agreement.
The noun arbitration comes to English via the Latin word arbitrari, meaning "to judge." In English, arbitration is both the process of using an arbiter to settle a dispute and the act of that arbiter making a judgment. Many parents know that if the arbitration of your kids' argument was deemed unfair by both kids, you've usually made the right decision.
WORD FAMILY
arbitration: arbitrational, arbitrations+/ arbiter: arbiters, arbitrate /arbitrable: nonarbitrable/arbitrament: arbitraments/ arbitrate: arbitrable, arbitrament, arbitrated, arbitrates, arbitrating, arbitration, arbitrator, arbitrement/arbitrator: arbitrators
USAGE EXAMPLES
So it became a free-for-all and a busy time for lawyers travelling back-and-forth at the court of arbitration for sport.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
A judge is expected to rule soon on whether to uphold the decision or order a new arbitration hearing.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
He said arbitration talks were still at the "case management stage."
Reuters(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 仲裁，公断
分布：仲裁(98%)，公断(2%)
US [ˌɑ:r-] noun uncountable
■the process of solving an argument between people by helping them to agree to an acceptable solution 仲裁
• Both sides in the dispute have agreed to go to arbitration to have the disagreement solved by an arbitrator . 争议双方都同意提请仲裁。
n. [法] 公断，仲裁
 - mediation, umpirage

Word: valid
Front: valid
[ˈvælɪd] (高研四六托 4703/3211 -K2)
Vocabulary: valid
(once / 261 pages)
adj
A valid argument is one that is well-grounded in fact, law or logic. "Their argument for annulment was valid because they had never even met and their marriage was the result of a clerical error at town hall."
Something is valid when it can be supported or backed-up, or if it is functional: “She figured her password was valid because she had just set it.” In a legal context, valid means that something is binding or actionable: “At the time of the accident his license was no longer valid, so they impounded his car.” The logical grounding of an argument can be valid: “That’s a valid point about Santa being too large to fit down a chimney.”
WORD FAMILY
valid: invalid, validate, valider, validity, validly, validness+/ invalid: invalided, invaliding, invalidism, invalidity, invalidly, invalidness, invalids/ invalidate: invalidated, invalidates, invalidating, invalidation/invalidation: invalidations/invalidism: invalidisms/invalidity: invalidities/ validate: invalidate, validated, validates, validating, validation, validatory/ validation: validations/ validity: validities
USAGE EXAMPLES
The arguments against combining medical and dental benefits, whether valid or otherwise, are primarily financial.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
We should allow exemptions from vaccines only for valid medical reasons.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
When the song ended, she declared, “That was” — she paused to choose a valid but positive adjective — “amazing.”
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 有效的; 有法律效力的; 正当的; 健全的
分布：有效的(85%)，有根据的(6%)，正当的(5%)，合法的(4%)
→来自拉丁语valere, 强健的，勇敢的，词源同value，引申词义有效的。
a.有效的;有根据的;正当的This license is no longer valid.这张执照不再有效.
【参】validate（v 使有效；使生效）
【反】fallacious（adj 谬误的）；specious（adj 似是而非的）；fallacy（n 谬误）－valid argument（正确的论证）
adjective
 ADVANCED
■based on truth or reason; able to be accepted 确凿的；合理的；有根据的；让人信服的
• a valid argument/criticism/reason 令人信服的论据／批评／理由
• My way of thinking might be different from yours, but it's equally valid. 我的想法也许和你的不同，但同样站得住脚。
Compare invalid
 ADVANCED
■A ticket or other document is valid if it is based on or used according to a set of official conditions which often include a time limit （票或其他档）有效的，正式认可的
• My passport is valid for another two years. 我的护照还有两年才到期。
 ADVANCED
■having legal force 有法律效力的，有法律约束力的
• Is this contract/ticket/agreement still valid? 这份合同／这张票据／这份协定还有法律效力吗？
adj. 有效的，有根据的；正当的
 - available, effective, virtual, telling, significant

Word: scoff
Front: scoff
[skɒf] (六托宝 11015/15267 -1)
Vocabulary: scoff
(once / 1010 pages)
vn
To laugh at someone with scorn is to scoff at them. People have scoffed at many great inventors, saying their products would flop because the public wouldn't be interested in things like the light bulb, the personal computer, or the pet rock.
The verb scoff is often followed by the word at ("scoff at the idea, scoff at the statement, scoff at the notion"). The verb can also mean to treat with contempt or to mock. Naysayers scoff at all kinds of theories, and grouchy old men tend to scoff for the heck of it.
WORD FAMILY
scoff: scoffed, scoffer, scoffing, scoffs+/scoffer: scoffers/scoffing: scoffings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Throughout his campaign for president, Donald Trump painted a gloomy picture of the American economy, scoffing at employment data that he said masked the truth.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
District Judge Larry Burns scoffed at the term in the plea deal — six months — saying the punishment didn’t seem “in the interest of justice.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Pruitt scoffs that 99 percent of the world’s scientists are wrong in asserting that climate change is a proven reality.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. （特指对宗教的）嘲笑; 嘲弄，愚弄; 笑柄; 食品
vi. 嘲笑，嘲弄; 掠夺，攫取; 狼吞虎咽
时态：scoffed, scoffing, scoffs
分布：嘲笑(65%)，嘲弄(16%)，愚弄(7%)，狼吞虎咽(6%)，笑柄(6%)
→来自古诺斯语 skop,嘲笑，嘲讽，同古英语 scop,游吟诗人，来自 Proto-Germanic*skapiz,形成， 创作，来自 skep,砍，切，削，词源同 shape.
【记】读：死搞妇，死也要搞定一个妇女的人值得嘲笑。
US [skɑ:f] verb
LAUGH 笑
intransitive
■to laugh and speak about a person or idea in a way which shows that you think they are stupid or silly 嘲笑，讥笑
• The critics scoffed at his paintings. 批评家对他的画作嗤之以鼻。
• Years ago people would have scoffed at the idea that cars would be built by robots. 多年前，人们会嘲笑以机器人来制造汽车这种想法。
UK [skɒf] US [skɑ:f] verb
EAT 吃
transitive (US also scarf) informal
■to eat something quickly and eagerly 狼吞虎咽地吃
• I baked a huge cake this morning, and the kids scoffed the lot. 我今天早上烤了一个大蛋糕，孩子们狼吞虎咽地全吃光了。
mock, sneer, ridicule, scoff
这组词都有“嘲笑”的意思，其区别是：
mock: 指一种挖苦的，带挑衅性的嘲笑。
sneer: 指除了用讽刺言语讥笑外还带轻蔑的表情。
ridicule: 多指有意地用言语对戏弄某人，以使之显得渺小，不重要。此种嘲笑善意恶意均可。
scoff: 指对一般受到尊重的事物的嘲笑。
n. 嘲笑；愚弄；笑柄
 - joke, derision
vt. 嘲笑；嘲弄；贪婪地吃
 - guy, deride
vi. 嘲笑；嘲弄；狼吞虎咽
 - jeer at, laugh at

Word: sever
Front: sever
[ˈsevə(r)] (托宝 8957/8492 -1)
Vocabulary: sever
(once / 626 pages)
v
To sever something is to cut it off from the whole. If your girlfriend breaks up with you on your anniversary, you might respond by severing the blossoms off the roses you were planning to give her. (Just an idea.)
Sever rhymes with ever, but it looks like the word severe, which means "harsh." The similarity between sever and severe is a good reminder to reserve sever for harsh, unpleasant circumstances. If you’re trimming your fingernails, you might use the word clip, but sever wouldn’t be appropriate. If, however, you somehow cut off your finger while clipping your fingernails, you’re free to use the word sever — or any other word you like — on your way to the hospital.
WORD FAMILY
sever: severable, severance, severed, severing, severs+/ severance: severances/severing: severings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Or should it pursue what some call a "clean" and others a "hard" Brexit, severing the link more definitively?
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
So it was all the more disturbing that, shortly after returning to America, Sherald found herself, like the Tin Man, severed from her truest self.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Options include recalling the ambassador, stopping international cooperation, fighting a trade war -- even severing diplomatic ties.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: vt. 分离或分开; 切制; 分离：断决（例如，关系）
vi. 切开：切开或打开; 分开：相互分开或分离
时态：severed, severing, severs
分布：切断(77%)，分开(15%)，脱离(8%)
→来自古法语 sevrer,分开，来自拉丁语 separare,分开，词源同 separate.字母 p,v 音变，比较 seven,September.引申词义切开，割断，断绝等。
切断;脱离(se+ver分开→分离开→切断)[se-表示"分开,离开,区别开"]
【记】源于：separate（adj 分开的；v 分开）成为七seven部分
【参】severance（n 切断；断绝关系）
US [-ɚ] verb transitive
■to break or separate, especially by cutting 弄断；分开；（尤指）切断，割断
• The knife severed an artery and he bled to death. 刀子割断了动脉，他流血过多而死。
• Her foot was severed from her leg in a car accident. 在一次车祸中，她的脚断了。
• Electricity cables have been severed by the storm. 风暴弄断了电缆。
■to end a connection with someone or something 中断，断绝（联系）
• The US severed diplomatic relations with Cuba in 1961. 美国于1961年断绝与古巴的外交关系。
• The company has severed its connection/links/relationship/ties with its previous partners. 公司断绝了与前合作伙伴之间的联系／关系。
vt. 割断，断绝；分开；使分离
 - stop, split, distribute
vi. 断；裂开；分离
 - gap, seam

Word: conciliatory
Front: conciliatory
[kənˈsɪliətəri] (托宝 15499/14502 -1)
Vocabulary: conciliatory
(once / 2336 pages)
adj
If you're in a fight with a friend and you want to end it, you should make a conciliatory gesture, such as inviting her to a party you're having. Conciliatory describes things that make other people less angry.
The context is often a situation in which a dispute is settled by compromise. A synonym is propitiatory, though this adjective usually refers to avoiding the anger of someone who has the power to harm. In the word conciliatory, the –ory suffix means "relating to or doing," and the root is from Latin conciliatus, from conciliare "to bring together, win over," from concilium "council."
WORD FAMILY
conciliatory: conciliatorily+/ conciliate: conciliable, conciliated, conciliates, conciliating, conciliation, conciliative, conciliator, conciliatory / conciliation: conciliations/conciliative: conciliatively/conciliator: conciliators
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Syrian government and some conciliatory opposition groups will be there, but it’s unclear whether Syria’s main, armed opposition will be invited.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
The Pentagon issued a relatively mild public rebuke, reflecting conciliatory Obama administration policies toward China.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
But it will also require someone with a more conciliatory approach to politics than Mr Renzi, a micromanager who cheerfully admits to arrogance.
Economist(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 安抚的; 说服的; 调和的; 调解的
分布：调和的(54%)，安抚的(46%)
安抚的(conciliate+ory)[cil=call,表示"召集"]
【反】polemical（adj 争论的）；contentious（adj 好争吵的）；discontent（adj 不满的）；belligerent（adj 好战的）
ADJ-GRADED
愿意和解的; 调停的;安抚的
When you are conciliatory in your actions or behaviour, you show that you are willing to end a disagreement with someone.
例：The next time he spoke he used a more conciliatory tone...他再次开口时使用了更具安抚性的语气。
例：The President's speech was hailed as a conciliatory gesture toward business.总统的讲话被视为对商界的安抚性姿态，受到了欢迎。
adj. 安抚的；调和的；调停的
 - propitiatory, harmonistic

Word: garage
Front: garage
[ˈgærɑ:ʒ] (高研四六雅 3208/3113 -K2)
Vocabulary: garage
(once / 1350 pages)
nv
A garage is a building that's meant for keeping cars or other vehicles in. Some houses have attached garages with automated doors.
You might have your own garage, or you might pay to park your car in a large public garage down the street. The two buildings are very different — one large enough for one or two cars, and the other possibly accommodating hundreds — but they're both garages. You can also use the word garage for a car repair shop: "I have to take my car to the garage because it's making a weird noise."
WORD FAMILY
garage: garaged, garages, garaging
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the early hours of Monday 4 January a convoy of police vehicles pulled up in the ground-floor garage of the U-shaped installation.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Detroit police spokesman Dan Donakowski says tenants of the home told officers they never entered the garage because the landlord prohibited it.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Arriving at their Stewartville home for the first time, Fischer opened the garage door to park the van.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 车库; 汽车修理站; 飞机库
vt. 把…送入车库; 把（汽车）开进车库
时态：garaged, garaging, garages
分布：车库(89%)，汽车修理厂(10%)，把 ... 放入车库(1%)
→来自wer, 遮盖，保护，词源同weir, warrant.
n.车库,飞机库;修车厂If you carry the cabinet of cabbage garbage to the garage, you'll get an average wage.如果你把这橱柜包菜垃圾扛进了汽车库,你将获得一份平均工资.
UK [-ɪdʒ] US [gə'rɑ:ʒ] noun
CARS 车
 ESSENTIAL countable
■a building where a car is kept, which is built next to or as part of a house 车库，汽车房
• Did you put the car in the garage? 你把车停到车库里了吗？
 IMPROVER countable
■a place where cars are repaired 汽车修理厂
• The car's still at the garage getting fixed. 车还在汽车修理厂维修呢。
 IMPROVER countable UK (US gas station)
■a place where fuel is sold for cars and other vehicles 加油站
countable UK
■a place where cars are sold 销售汽车的地方
UK ['gær.ɑ:ʒ] UK [-ɪdʒ] US [gə'rɑ:ʒ] noun
MUSIC 音乐
uncountable
■fast, electronic dance music with a strong beat, keyboards and singing 车库乐（一种键盘乐器伴奏演唱的快节奏电子舞曲）
UK ['gær.ɑ:ʒ] UK [-ɪdʒ] US [gə'rɑ:ʒ] verb transitive
■to put or keep a vehicle in a garage 把车送入车库或修理厂
• If your car is garaged, you get much cheaper insurance. 如果你把车停放在车库里，你买汽车保险时就能省很多钱。
n. [车辆] 车库；汽车修理厂；飞机库
 - carbarn, carport

Word: fugitive
Front: fugitive
[ˈfju:dʒətɪv] (8729/14299 -1)
Vocabulary: fugitive
(once / 382 pages)
nadj
Someone who flees or runs away from the police to avoid capture is a fugitive. "Authorities were looking for three men who escaped from prison today. Authorities believe the three fugitives may be disguised as nuns and advise the public to be careful."
Although a fugitive can specifically be someone fleeing from the police, the noun can also refer to anyone who is fleeing from an untenable situation. "The family asked for asylum in the United States because they were fugitives from their own oppressive government." As an adjective, the word can mean "fleeing or fleeting." "Many people helped the fugitive slaves to safety." "At night, he was plagued with fugitive thoughts: they seemed important when he woke from sleep, but by morning he had forgotten them."
WORD FAMILY
fugitive: fugitively, fugitives
USAGE EXAMPLES
The fugitive was fatally shot by a police officer in Italy.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
A SIM card found on the fugitive after he was shot led authorities to the Netherlands.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Marshals task force captured Stevens and the El Paso County Sheriff’s Office is holding him as a fugitive.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 逃命者; 难捕捉之物
adj. 逃亡的; 难以捉摸的; 短暂的
分布：逃亡者(51%)，逃亡的(36%)，难捕捉之物(7%)，难以捉摸的(3%)，易逝的(3%)
→来自拉丁语fuga, 逃跑，飞走，来自bheug, 逃跑，词源同refuge, centrifuge.
逃亡的n.逃亡者(fug+itive)[fug=flee,表示"逃,离开"]
逃亡的(fug逃跑)[-itive表形容词"…的"]
逃亡者(fug逃跑)[-ive 1.表形容词2.表名词后缀,"人或物"]
【记】fugi拼：伏击（逃亡的逃犯）；逃犯遇到fugi就会逃亡！
【参】fugacious（adj 短暂的；易逃逸的）；fugue（n 赋格曲；记忆丧失症）
US [-tˌɪv] noun countable
■a person who is running away or hiding from the police or a dangerous situation 逃亡者，逃犯；难民
• Thousands of fugitives are fleeing from the war-torn area. 数以千计的难民逃离被战争蹂躏的地方。
• Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid were fugitives from justice (= they ran away to avoid being tried in court). 布奇‧凯西迪和日舞小子都是逃犯。
UK ['fju:.dʒɪ.tɪv] US [-tˌɪv] adjective
TEMPORARY 暂时的 formal
■(especially of thoughts or feelings) lasting for only a short time; temporary （尤指想法或感觉）短暂的，暂时的
• a fugitive impression 短暂的印象
UK ['fju:.dʒɪ.tɪv] US [-tˌɪv] adjective
PERSON 人
[before noun]
■relating to a fugitive 和逃亡者（难民）有关的
• Fugitive families who have fled the fighting in the cities are now trying to survive in the mountains. 那些逃离城市战火的家庭正设法在山区生存下来
adj. 逃亡的；无常的；易变的
 - uncertain, mobile, variable, liquid, unstable
n. 逃亡者；难捕捉之物
 - runagate, levanter

Word: mastermind
Front: mastermind
[ˈmɑ:stəmaɪnd] (15965/15328 -1)
Vocabulary: mastermind
(once / 6407 pages)
nv
A mastermind is a brilliant thinker with original ideas. You might be a chess mastermind or a criminal mastermind: either way, people will not want to oppose you.
Inventors, intellectuals, and famous geniuses call all be called masterminds, from Albert Einstein to theoretical physicist Dr. Shirley Jackson. You could also call people who are successful in their fields — especially if they come up with new ways of doing things — masterminds. Even a brilliant jewel thief might be called a safe-cracking mastermind. As a verb, to mastermind is to act as the leader of some complex plan or scheme.
WORD FAMILY
mastermind: masterminded, masterminding, masterminds
USAGE EXAMPLES
Security Council vote to condemn Israeli settlements, Jerusalem officials approved more of them and the government accused the Obama administration of masterminding the vote.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
The multinational deal masterminded by Mr. Obama to curb Iran’s nuclear program in exchange for relief from international sanctions proved a breaking point.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
To follow up, the ensemble comedy “Masterminds” fizzled with $17 million domestically.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 策划者，操纵者; 智多星，才子
vt. 策划，谋划
时态：masterminded, masterminding, masterminds
分布：策划者(74%)，聪明人(20%)，智多星(6%)
→master,大师，mind,思想。比喻用法。
US ['mæs.tɚ-] verb transitive
■to plan a difficult activity, often a crime, in detail and make certain that it happens successfully 策划；幕后操纵
• He's believed to have masterminded the attacks. 据信是他策划了这些袭击事件。
vt. 策划
 - engineer, scheme, be up to something
n. 优秀策划者；才子
 - bel esprit

Word: emigrate
Front: emigrate
[ˈemɪgreɪt] (研六托雅宝 10660/9478 -2)
Vocabulary: emigrate
(once / 779 pages)
v
If you move to a different country, you emigrate. For example, if you are Canadian and you emigrate to Italy, you aren't on vacation — you are making Italy your new home. Benvenuti!
The verb emigrate comes from the Latin word emigrare, which means “move away,” or “depart from a place.” The words emigrate and immigrate both mean that a person has decided to permanently live in a foreign country, but to emigrate is to leave your country, and to immigrate is to come into a new country. To emigrate is to exit.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
emigrate / immigrate / migrate
Going somewhere? Emigrate means to leave one's country to live in another. Immigrate is to come into another country to live permanently. Migrate is to move, like bird in the winter.
The choice between emigrate,immigrate, and migrate depends on the sentence's point of view. Emigrate is to immigrate as go is to come. If the sentence is looking at the point of departure, use emigrate. The point of arrival? Immigrate. Talking about the actual process of moving? Use migrate.
Emigrate means you are exiting your current homeland:
People are always saying there's no quality of life in Russia, and everyone wants to emigrate," he said. (New York Times)
Immigrate means you are coming in to a country to live:
Citizens from 17 European Union countries were given freedom to immigrate to Switzerland in 2007. (Business Week)
Migrate means to move, like those crazy Monarch butterflies that migrate from Canada to Mexico and back. It doesn't have to be a permanent move, but migrate is more than a weekend away, and it's not just for butterflies. "Snowbirds" are people who migrate south for the winter and come back north when the snow melts, or someone might migrate to another part of the country for work or to be closer to family. Here are some examples:
Nevertheless, it has often been assumed that dinosaurs did migrate.(Scientific American)
People are prepared to travel and migrate within America. (Business Week)
If you have ants in your pants and you have to move, remember:
Emigrate is from the point of view of the departure. Think exit.
Immigrate is from the point of view of the destination. Think come in.
Migrate is all about the moving. Think move.
WORD FAMILY
emigrate: emigrated, emigrates, emigrating, emigration +/ emigration: emigrations
USAGE EXAMPLES
After the war, she emigrated to the United States, settling in New York.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
In due course, Sharp emigrated to the US and built a career as a screenwriter.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
I was born in Ireland & my family & I emigrated to Canada.
New York Times(Jun 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 移居国外
时态：emigrated, emigrating, emigrates
分布：移民(65%)，移居(35%)
→e-, 向外。-migr, 迁徙，移动，词源同move, migrate.
移居(外国)(e出+migr+ate→移出)[migr=remove,表示"迁移"]
v.(反)immigrate;(to,from)自本国移居他They emigrated to America a year ago.他们一年前移民去了美国.
【区】immigrate（vt 使移居入境）；migrate（v 随季节移居；迁徙）
verb intransitive
■to leave a country permanently and go to live in another one 移居外国；移民
• Millions of Germans emigrated from Europe to America in the nineteenth century. 在19世纪，数百万的德国人从欧洲移民到了美国。
• Thousands of Britons emigrate every year. 每年有数以千计的英国人移居国外。
emigrate, immigrate, migrate
这组词都有“移居，迁移”的意思，其区别是：
emigrate: 指自本国移出，长期定居在外。
immigrate: 指自他国移入，长期定居。
migrate: 通常指大批人短期或定期的移居。指动物时，则指定期迁徙、回游。
vi. 移居；移居外国
 - transmigrate
vt. 移民
 - to immigrate, to migrate

Word: sailor
Front: sailor
[ˈseɪlə(r)] (高研四六 5030/5054 -K2)
Back: n. 水手，海员; 驾船人
分布：水手(81%)，海员(18%)，扁平的硬边草帽(1%)
→sail,航行，-or,人。引申词义水手，船员。
n.水手,海员The sailor was nailed on the rail for he failed to trail the mail.水手被钉在横木上,因为他未能跟踪邮件.
US [-lɚ] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a person who works on a ship, especially one who is not an officer 水手，船员
 ADVANCED
■a person who often takes part in the sport of using boats with sails 帆船运动员
a good/bad sailor
■someone who is not/often ill when they travel by boat 不晕船／晕船者
mariner, seaman, sailor
这组词都有“水手，船员”的意思，其区别是：
mariner: 多指直接从事航海和参与驾驶船只的水手。
seaman: 指商船船员或海军中的水兵，有时可与sailor换用。
sailor: 普通和词，指任何实际驾驶船只航海或在船上工作的人员。
n. 水手，海员；乘船者
 - matlo, matelot

Word: mediocre
Front: mediocre
[ˌmi:diˈəʊkə(r)] (托雅宝 10434/14371 -1)
Vocabulary: mediocre
(once / 1424 pages)
adj
Mediocre is an adjective that means "merely adequate" or "of only ordinary quality." A "C" is a mediocre grade for students who are fair to middling.
The roots of the adjective mediocre are from the Latin medial, "middle," and ocris, "mountain." If you think about it, the middle of a mountain is neither up nor down and neither here nor there — just somewhere in between. The definition of mediocre is "of ordinary quality," "merely adequate," and "average." Another word that shares the same root is mediocracy, which means "government run by mediocre people" — an all-too-common condition.
WORD FAMILY
mediocre: mediocrely, mediocrity +/ mediocrity: mediocrities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Detroit got to the playoffs mostly by winning close games against mediocre or bad teams.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
In the big picture, that’s a mediocre percentage.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Ryan consistently produced excellent defense at the Jets but was let down by mediocre quarterbacks.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 普通的; 中等的; 质量中等偏下的; 碌
分布：平庸的(86%)，平凡的(14%)
→来自拉丁语mediocris,半山腰，中等的，普通的，来自medius,中间的，词源同middle,ocris,山峰，锯齿状高山，词源同acrobat,acrid.后词义进一步贬义化，形容平庸的，差劲的。比较其同源词mean.
平庸的,中等的(med+iocre石山→中间的山→不是高山→平庸的)[med=middle,表示"中间"]
US [-'oʊ.kɚ] adjective disapproving
■not very good 普通的，平庸的，不够好的
• The film's plot is predictable and the acting is mediocre. 这部影片的情节都能猜得到，演员的演技也不够好。
• Parents don't want their children going to mediocre schools. 家长不想让孩子上普普通通的学校。
adj. 普通的；平凡的；中等的
 - ordinary, general, secondary, middle, average

Word: benedict
Front: benedict
[ˈbenidikt] (-/9368)
Back: n. 原来似乎坚决抱独身主义而新近结婚的男子
分布：教皇(99%)，新婚的男人(1%)

Word: forestry
Front: forestry
[ˈfɒrɪstri] (雅宝 10394/5885)
Back: n. 林学; 林业; 造林术; 林地
分布：林业(94%)，林学(6%)
林学(forest森林)[-ry表名词,通常放在一个完整的单词后面1.表示"状态,性质"2.表示"行业,学科"3.表示集合名词4.表示"场地"]
US ['fɔ:r-] noun uncountable
■the science of planting and taking care of large areas of trees 林学；林业

Word: modernity
Front: modernity
[məˈdɜ:nəti] (8291/10808)
Vocabulary: modernity
(once / 8169 pages)
n
Use the noun modernity when you're talking about the newness of something, like the modernity of the new, sleek skyscraper in your city.
When something is contemporary — it feels like it belongs in the present day — you might take note of its modernity. Sometimes people use the word to discuss something old that's becoming more modern, or attempting to find its place today. You could talk about the balance between tradition and modernity in the Hindu faith, for example. The root of modernity is the Latin word modernus, "modern."
WORD FAMILY
modernity: modernities+/ modern: modernise, modernism, modernity, modernize, modernly, modernness, moderns, nonmodern, postmodern/modernisation: modernisations/modernise: modernisation, modernised, modernises, modernising/modernised: unmodernised/ modernism: modernisms, modernist, modernistic/modernist: modernists/modernistic: modernistically/modernization: modernizations/ modernize: modernization, modernized, modernizes, modernizing/modernized: unmodernized/postmodern: postmodernism/postmodernism: postmodernist
USAGE EXAMPLES
A new nod to modernity in French laws eases the rules for people who want to divorce.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“If we cling to the concept of ‘globalisation’, we should not see it as a continuous and uninterrupted march toward an imaginary ‘global modernity’.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
THE kingdom presented its shift from the Islamic to the Gregorian calendar as a leap into modernity.
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 现代性
分布：现代性(98%)，现代作风(1%)，现代性的东西(1%)
→来自modern,现代的。
US [mɑ:'dɝ:.nə.tˌi] noun uncountable
■the condition that results from being modern 现代性；现代状态
• There is a stark contrast between tradition and modernity on the streets of the city. 在这个城市的街道上，传统与现代形成鲜明的对比。
n. 现代性；现代的东西；新式
 - stylishness

Word: extravagant
Front: extravagant
[ɪkˈstrævəgənt] (研六托雅 10399/8512 -1)
Vocabulary: extravagant
(once / 307 pages)
adj
Extravagant is an adjective that means expensive, excessive, and over the top. A modest chandelier in your dining room is normal. But crystal-studded walls and gold-plated goblets? That's a bit extravagant.
If you’re prone to lavish behavior or spending, you’re extravagant. It’s an adjective associated with extremes, sometimes even to the point of absurdity. Fees at a bank can be extravagant, and so can a person who insists on drinking only bottled French mineral water out of a golden chalice. Remember that the only ‘e’ is at the beginning — the remaining three vowels are all ‘a.’
WORD FAMILY
extravagant: extravagance, extravagancy, extravagantest, extravagantly+/ extravagance: extravagances/extravagancy: extravagancies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Now let’s look at some synonyms for extravagant:
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Johnson’s assertion, for instance, that the extravagant draper’s shops of early 18th-century London “helped create the industrial revolution” is intriguing but not wholly convincing.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
David Johansen, headlines a roster of downtown personalities at the second annual Surrealist Art Ball, an event that welcomes extravagant costuming.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 过度的，过分的; 奢侈的，浪费的; 放肆的; 大量的
分布：奢侈的(58%)，浪费的(22%)，过度的(17%)，大量的(3%)
→extra-, 外面的，超过的。-vag, 漫游，词源同vague, vagary. 即偏离正常范围，过度挥霍。
奢侈的(extra+vag走＋ant→走得过分→奢侈的)[extra-表示"以外的,超过的"]
奢侈的,浪费的[uag,uogr=wader,表示"漫游"]
奢侈的(extra出+vag走...走过头...奢侈)[-ant 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"…人"3.表名词"…剂"]
a.奢侈的;过分的;(言行等)放肆的The extravagant savage made the interior and exterior criteria of deterioration.奢侈的野蛮人制定了腐败的内外标准.
adjective
■spending too much money, or using too much of something 奢侈的，铺张的；浪费的
• the extravagant lifestyle of a movie star 影星奢华的生活方式
• That was very extravagant of you to buy strawberries out of season. 在不适当的时令买草莓，你真是太奢侈了。
• He rarely used taxis, which he regarded as extravagant. 他很少坐计程车，他认为这是一种奢侈的行为。
• the extravagant use of packaging on many products 许多产品的过度包装
■extreme and unreasonable 过度的；不切实际的
• The product does not live up to the extravagant claims of the advertisers. 这种产品根本就没有广告商讲的那样好。
adj. 奢侈的；浪费的；过度的；放纵的
 - luxury, unreasonable

Word: nascent
Front: nascent
[ˈnæsnt] (宝 13253/19301)
Vocabulary: nascent
(once / 5078 pages)
adj
Nascent describes the birth or beginning of something, for example a civilization, a trend, an idea, or an action. It can also imply a future promise, like the nascent government of a new country.
You’re in the future looking back at the first time you learned the definition of the word nascent. Your nascent efforts to use the word felt awkward, but you quickly felt comfortable with it, especially after you learned how to pronounce it: “NAY-sent.” Now you use the word all the time: "the nascent hopes of your little sister;" your "nascent hula hooping gang;" and "a nascent confidence in your vocabulary."
WORD FAMILY
nascent: nascency
USAGE EXAMPLES
The first 25 games or so are ruled by the passion and intensity of a nascent season.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The nascent republic soon shattered and Yuan crowned himself emperor.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
Among them are the nascent campaigns for both California and Texas to secede from the United States.
Salon(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 初期的; 初生的; 开始形成的; 发生中的
分布：新生的(90%)，尚不成熟的(6%)，尚不发达的(4%)
→来自拉丁语nasci,出生，来自gen,生育，词源同gene,natal,native.
【记】读：拿cent（n 硬币），处于拿爸妈钱的年龄－初生的
【参】renascent（adj 复活的）；nascency（n 起源）
【反】fully established（完全形成的）；mature（adj 成熟的）；moribund（adj 垂死的）
['næs.ənt] ['neɪ.sənt] formal
adjective
■only recently formed or started, but likely to grow larger quickly 新生的，萌芽的；开始发展的
• a nascent political party 新成立的政党
• a nascent problem 新出现的问题
adj. [生物] 初期的；开始存在的，发生中的
 - earlier, young

Word: thirty
Front: thirty
[ˈθɜ:ti] (中高 2833/1003 -5)
Back: n. 三十; 三十个; 三十年代; 三十的记号
adj. 三十的，三十个的
num. 三十; 三十个
分布：三十(100%)
→来自 three,三，-ty,十，词源同 ten.
num.三十,三十个(人或物)The crew are thirty in all.全部船员有三十人.
US ['θɝ:.tˌi] number
 ESSENTIAL
■the number 30 （数字）30
• twenty, thirty, forty 20，30，40
• She got married when she was thirty (years old). 她三十岁时结婚的。

Word: moan
Front: moan
[məʊn] (研四六宝 7649/6537 -2)
Vocabulary: moan
(once / 386 pages)
nv
The low sound you make when you're in pain is called a moan. A bad stomachache can leave you bent over, making soft moans.
Moan is also a verb, so whenever someone is hurting enough — physically or mentally — there's the possibility they'll moan in despair or discomfort. You can also use this word to mean "whine" or "complain," like when your little sister moans about how much smaller her slice of pie is than yours. Experts think moan is related to the Old English word mænan, "complain or moan," but that it's also imitative — resembling the sound it describes.
WORD FAMILY
moan: moaned, moaner, moaning, moans+/moaner: moaners
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Doc, the pain is killing me,” he moaned.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
The result: users falling into a trancelike state, groaning and moaning, their eyes lifeless and their movements slow and seemingly mechanical.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
"Pulled a muscle," he moans, lying down on the floor next to the bench.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: vt. 以呻吟声说出; 悲叹; 抱怨; 哀悼
n. 呻吟声; 悲叹声; （尤指风的）呼啸声
vi. 呻吟; 发出呻吟般的凄切声; 悲叹; 抱怨
时态：moaned, moaning, moans
分布：呻吟(49%)，抱怨(42%)，呻吟声(8%)，抱怨声(1%)
→可能来自拟声词，模仿呻吟的声音。
n.呻吟声,悲叹声v.呻吟,抱怨,悲叹He always has some moan or another.他总是抱怨这抱怨那.
US [moʊn] verb intransitive
SOUND 声音
■to make a long low sound of pain, suffering or another strong emotion 呻吟声；呜咽声
• He moaned with pain before losing consciousness. 他痛苦地呻吟，随后就失去了知觉。
• "Let me die," he moaned. “让我死吧。”他呻吟道。
UK [məʊn] US [moʊn] verb intransitive
COMPLAIN 抱怨 informal disapproving
■to make a complaint in an unhappy voice, usually about something which does not seem important to other people 抱怨；发牢骚
• Thelma's always moaning (about something), and forgets how lucky she actually is. 特尔玛总爱抱怨，忘记了实际上她是多么幸运。
• [+ speech] "I don't like potatoes," he moaned. “我不爱吃马铃薯，”他抱怨说。
• [+ (that)] First she moans (that) she's too hot, and then that she's too cold. 起初她抱怨说太热了，然后又说太冷了。
UK [məʊn] US [moʊn] noun countable
SOUND 声音
■a long low sound of pain, suffering or another strong emotion 呻吟声；呜咽声
• We could hear the moans of someone trapped under the rubble. 我们听到被困在瓦砾下的人发出的呻吟声。
• moans of ecstasy/agony 狂喜／痛苦的呻吟声
UK [məʊn] US [moʊn] noun countable
COMPLAINT 抱怨 informal disapproving
■when someone complains about something or a complaint 抱怨；牢骚
• Apart from a slight moan about the waiter, he seemed to enjoy the meal. 除了对侍者有点不满外，他那顿饭似乎吃得很愉快。
sign, groan, moan, sob
这组词都有“叹息声，叹息”的意思，其区别是：
sign: 多指无意识地发出表示沮丧、悲痛、悔恨或厌倦等情绪的深沉叹息。
groan: 侧重指因受到难忍受的精神负担或强烈的痛苦等而发出沉重的呻吟，也指显示强烈不满的叹息声。
moan: 语气比groan强，多指拉长的或连续的悲叹(声)或呻吟(声)。
sob: 指抽噎声或呜咽声，或边说边哭。
vi. 抱怨，悲叹；呻吟
 - beef about, repine
n. 呻吟声；悲叹
 - regret, lamentation
vt. 抱怨；呻吟着说
 - beef about, rail against

Word: fork
Front: fork
[fɔ:k] (中高研四六 3758/5592 -K2)
Vocabulary: fork
(once / 366 pages)
1nv 2nv 3nv 4v
An eating utensil with several points or prongs is called a fork. If you aren't skilled at using chopsticks, you can ask the waiter at the Chinese restaurant to bring you a fork.
In most Western households, forks are a basic part of a table setting — unless all you're eating is soup. There are different forks for different purposes, from a long, narrow fondue fork to a large, wide serving fork. There are also garden tools called forks, including pitchforks and hand-held pronged digging implements. Yet another kind of fork is the place where two roads or branches meet in a V shape. If you come to a fork in the road, you better know which direction to take.
WORD FAMILY
fork: fork-like, forked, forking, forks+/forked: forkedly/forking: forkings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Fold the square over to form a triangle, pressing the edges together to seal, then crimp using your fingers or a fork.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Every twirl of the fork delivered a thrill.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Anyone with information about the incident is asked to contact American Fork police.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 叉（挖掘用的园艺工具）; 餐叉; 叉状物; （自行车或摩托车的）车叉子
vi. 分叉; 分歧
vt. 走岔路; 叉，耙
时态：forked, forking, forks
分布：叉(89%)，分叉(8%)，叉状物(1%)，用叉叉起(1%)，使成叉形(1%)
→来自拉丁语furca, 叉，叉子，词源同bifurcate,furcate.
n.叉,耙;叉形物;餐叉In the cork workshop, the workers fork the pork.在软木车间,工人们用叉子叉猪肉.
US [fɔ:rk] noun countable
FOOD 食物
 ESSENTIAL
■a small object with three or four points and a handle, that you use to pick up food and eat with 餐叉
• a knife and fork. 一副刀叉
UK [fɔ:k] US [fɔ:rk] noun countable
GARDEN 花园
■a tool with a long handle and three or four points, used for digging and breaking soil into pieces 叉；耙
• a garden fork. 园艺用叉
UK [fɔ:k] US [fɔ:rk] noun countable
DIVISION 分隔
■a place where a road or river etc. divides into two parts, or either of those two parts （公路、河流等的）分岔处，分流处，岔口；岔路
• When you reach a fork in the road take the right-hand path. 到了岔路口走右边那条路。
UK [fɔ:k] US [fɔ:rk] verb
DIVIDE 划分
intransitive
■If a road or river forks, it divides into two parts （公路或河流）分岔
• The pub is near where the road forks. 酒吧在马路的岔口附近。
intransitive + adverb or preposition UK
■to turn in one of two different directions 走岔路中的一条
• Fork left/right where the road divides. 在岔路口走左边／右边那条路。
UK [fɔ:k] US [fɔ:rk] verb
GARDEN 花园
transitive
■to move or dig something with a fork 叉运；叉起；用叉挖
UK [fɔ:k] US [fɔ:rk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  fork out (sth) informal
■to pay, especially unwillingly （尤指不情愿地）付钱
• I forked out ten quid for/on the ticket. 我不情愿地掏了十英镑买票。
• I couldn't persuade him to fork out for a new one. 我无法劝服他花钱再买个新的。
UK [fɔ:k] US [fɔ:rk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] fork over/up sth US informal
■to give something, especially money to someone, especially when you do not want to （尤指不情愿地）给，交出（尤指钱）
• We had to fork over ten bucks to park near the stadium. 我们不得不付了十美元以在体育馆附近停车。
• Hey, that's mine. Fork it over! 嘿，那是我的。交出来！
n. 叉；餐叉；耙
 - harrow
vi. 分叉；分歧
 - branch off, diverge

Word: impatient
Front: impatient
[ɪmˈpeɪʃnt] (研四六托 7451/7043 -K2)
Vocabulary: impatient
(once / 131 pages)
adj
If you are impatient, you don’t like to wait. Do you have a hard time teaching children new skills? Do grab the shoe and tie it yourself? You’re impatient.
Pent-up, antsy, restless, short-tempered, constantly checking the time — all of these are qualities of an impatient person. Patient comes from the Latin word patientem, meaning "to endure," but add the prefix im- and you get impatient — the inability to endure delays, mix-ups, people walking slowly, red lights. . .
WORD FAMILY
impatient: impatience, impatienter, impatiently+/ impatience: impatiences/inpatient: inpatients/ patience: patiences/ patient: impatient, inpatient, patience, patiently, patients
USAGE EXAMPLES
The impatient trustee finally snapped, “You were using a much nicer reel on your Facebook page!”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 26, 2016)
In one instance, an impatient chief executive wanted a session with Mr. Smith to end as quickly as possible.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
What were once sleepy two-lane country roads are now teaming with impatient commuters, school busses, and mini-vans.
Salon(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: adj. 不耐烦的; 热切的，渴望的; 不能容忍的，恼火的
分布：不耐烦的(60%)，急躁的(40%)
→im-,不，非，patient,耐烦的。
不耐烦的(im+patient)[pass=felling表示"感情"]
a.不耐烦的,急躁的The patriot's radar made the radical patient impatient.爱国者的雷达使激进病人不耐烦.
adjective
 ADVANCED
■easily annoyed by someone's mistakes or because you have to wait 不耐烦的，无耐心的
• He's a good teacher, but inclined to be a bit impatient with slow learners. 他是个好老师，但对学得慢的学生却总有些不耐烦。
• You'd be hopeless looking after children - you're far too impatient! 照顾孩子你是不行的——你太没有耐心了！
 ADVANCED
■wanting something to happen as soon as possible 切望的；焦急的
• He's got a lot of exciting ideas and he's impatient to get started. 他有许多好主意，迫不及待地想动手做。
• People are increasingly impatient for change in this country. 该国人民日益期盼变革。
uneasy, impatient, nervous, restless
这组词都有“焦躁的，紧张的”的意思，其区别是：
uneasy: 通常指因焦虑、疑惑或危险而产生的不安。
impatient: 指在心情或情绪上不能克制某种刺激或不适，或缺乏某种容忍与谅解而表现出焦急不安。
nervous: 普通用词，常指内心的紧张心态或生来就容易激动的性格。
restless: 多指经常的、毫无目的行动或活动，也常指思想上的焦躁不安。
adj. 焦躁的；不耐心的
 - fretful

Word: orphan
Front: orphan
[ˈɔ:fn] (研四六 7521/9767 -1)
Vocabulary: orphan
(once / 416 pages)
1nv 2n
An orphan is someone who has lost both parents. Usually, we think of sad little children when we think of orphans, but anyone whose parents have both died is an orphan.
A home for orphans is no substitute for a house with loving parents, even if they're adopted. Bambi, Annie, and Oliver Twist are probably the most famous orphans. Each lost their parents in different ways, but all of them had their lives similarly changed—they felt adrift without a parent to guide them. Orphans often spend lots of time looking for friends or surrogates to fill the gap left by their deceased parents.
WORD FAMILY
orphan: orphanage, orphaned, orphanhood, orphaning, orphans+/ orphanage: orphanages
USAGE EXAMPLES
Providence Wildlife cares for injured and orphaned animals on property within the proposed 317-acre project along U.S.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
A few years ago, I spent the day with a family forged around the common desire to help widows and orphans.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
The walls of his Robin Hood restaurant in Madrid are decorated with photos of orphans whom the priest helped five decades ago.
New York Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 孤儿
vt. 使成为孤儿
adj. 孤儿的; 无双亲的
时态：orphaned, orphaning, orphans
分布：孤儿(91%)，孤儿的(8%)，成孤儿(1%)
→来自拉丁语orphanus,孤儿，来自希腊语orphos,丧失父母的，来自orbh,剥夺，丧失，词源同robot.引申词义被剥夺自由权成为奴隶的人，也用于指丧失父母成为孤儿的人。
n.孤儿The boy is an orphan.这个男孩是孤儿.
US ['ɔ:r-] noun countable
■a child whose parents are dead 孤儿
• The civil war is making orphans of many children. 内战正使许多孩子沦为孤儿。
UK ['ɔ:.fən] US ['ɔ:r-] verb transitive usually passive
■to make someone an orphan 使成为孤儿
• He was orphaned as a baby (= His parents died when he was a baby). 他尚在繦褓中时，就成了孤儿。
• The children were orphaned by the war (= their parents were killed in the war). 战争使这些孩子成为孤儿。

Word: splendid
Front: splendid
[ˈsplendɪd] (高研四六托雅 7708/3954 -2)
Vocabulary: splendid
(once / 117 pages)
adj
Looking truly magnificent today? Then someone (probably British) might stop you to say "Wow! You look splendid, darling!" Thanks the person, because splendid means glorious, fabulous, wonderful, and/or splendiferous.
Use the adjective splendid to describe something of the highest quality. If you're so lucky as to have someone buy you, say, a Harry Winston diamond, splendid! But splendid doesn't apply only to expensive items such as jewelry, clothing, or art. You can also have a splendid idea, morning walk, or encounter with an old friend. For some, using Splenda in their coffee instead of sugar is, for them, well, splendid!
WORD FAMILY
splendid: splendider, splendidest, splendidly
USAGE EXAMPLES
That political triad will leave them with a splendid opportunity for success.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“Fortunately, he is a good deal more than that, and as John Merrick, the Elephant Man, he is splendid.”
New York Times(Jan 27, 2016)
Plus, we were treated to splendid new work from more obscure artists like Angel Olsen and Blood Orange.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 壮观的，豪华的; 极好的或令人满意的; 闪亮的; 为众人所推崇的
分布：辉煌的(50%)，极好的(27%)，壮观的(18%)，杰出的(5%)
→来自 splendor,壮观，壮丽，-id,形容词后缀。
辉煌的,灿烂的[splend=shine,表示"发光"]
辉煌的(splend光辉+id)[-id表形容词"如…的"]
a.壮丽的,辉煌的;极好的I send him the blend calendar and the splendid bent lens he lent to me.我把他借给我的混合日历和绝妙的弯曲透镜送给他.
['splen.dɪd] formal
adjective
■excellent, or beautiful and impressive 极佳的，非常好的；华丽的；壮丽的
• We had splendid food/a splendid holiday/splendid weather. 我们的食物／我们的假期／我们碰到的天气简直太棒了。
• You look splendid in that outfit. 你穿那一身衣服简直棒极了。
⇒ See also resplendent
prime, first-rate, choice, select, splendid, excellent
这组词都有“极好的”的意思，其区别是：
prime: 常指最重要、价值最高的东西，也可以表示最佳、最典型或最高的人或物。
first-rate: 多用于指对抽象事物的主观评估，有时含夸大、自负的意味。
choice: 指通过精心挑选达到水平，尤指罕见或品质精良的商品。
select: 指精挑细选出来作为范例的物或人。
splendid: 口语常用词，指非常令人满意，显得完美无缺。
excellent: 通常指事物在等级品位以及职位级别等方面的最优或接近最优。
magnificent, gorgeous, glorious, superb, splendid
这组词都有“华丽的，宏传的，辉煌的”的意思，其区别是：
magnificent: 侧重指建筑物、宝石等的华丽堂皇。
gorgeous: 指色彩的富丽和豪华，有时含炫耀和卖弄意味。
glorious: 指光芒四射的绚丽，也指值得称倾、赞美或扬名的壮丽辉煌。
superb: 指壮丽辉煌、宏伟等的极点。
splendid: 侧重指给观察者留下壮丽辉煌或灿烂夺目的印象。
magnificent, grand, majestic, splendid, noble
这组词都有“宏伟壮丽的”的意思，其区别是：
magnificent: 指环境、建筑物等本身的壮丽、堂皇、庄严、崇高或出色等。
grand: 侧重规模大，豪华而宏伟壮丽、盛大。也可指人的崇高、伟大。
majestic: 侧重状态、外表、仪态等给人以威严感。
splendid: 指人在行为、品德或性格等方面的卓越超群；指物侧重外观上的辉煌。用于口语中，作“极好的，绝妙的”解。
noble: 指因本身著名或从外表上看有令人难忘的华丽、庄严、卓越、雄壮或崇高。
adj. 辉煌的；灿烂的；极好的；杰出的
 - brilliant, excellent, wonderful, famous, prominent

Word: proximity
Front: proximity
[prɒkˈsɪməti] (六托雅 6588/6927 -1)
Vocabulary: proximity
(once / 1184 pages)
n
The word proximity means nearness or closeness. "Because of the proximity of our desks, I couldn't help but notice him cheating on the exam."
Your favorite thing about your neighborhood of attached row houses might be the proximity of your neighbors — they're really close to you. Proximity comes from the Latin proximus, "nearest," which also gives us approximate, "close to the actual." You can use this noun to talk about a physical closeness, or something that's near in time, like the proximity of the months April and May.
WORD FAMILY
proximity: proximities+/ proximal: proximally, proximity
USAGE EXAMPLES
Its proximity to schools and being part of a community of museums “is certainly attractive,” he said.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
In spite of its proximity to Hollywood, it is not exactly star-studded.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The southern Brawley Seismic Zone is close in proximity to the Imperial fault.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 接近，邻近; 接近度，距离; 亲近
分布：接近(88%)，亲近(12%)
→来自proximate,最接近的，-ity,名词后缀。
靠近,接近(proxim+ity)[proxim=close,near,表示"接近,靠近"]
US [prɑ:k'sɪm.ə.tˌi] formal
noun uncountable
■the state of being near in space or time 接近，邻近；临近
• The best thing about the location of the house is its proximity to the town centre. 这栋房子地理位置最好的就是邻近市中心。
n. 亲近，接近； [数] 邻近
 - approach, neighborhood

Word: romance
Front: romance
[rəʊˈmæns] (研六托 4016/5329 -2)
Vocabulary: romance
(once / 148 pages)
1nv 2nv
Romance is the relationship between two lovers. Is there a romance blossoming between you and your lab partner, or is the assignment so hard you have to work together constantly?
Romance comes from Roman, and first meant a story translated into French from Latin (the common language of old Rome), usually about the amorous adventures of chivalrous knights, which is how romances came to be associated with love stories. Now it's used to mean a love relationship, in a story or not. The Romance languages are those derived from Latin. If you romance a tale, you exaggerate it, and if you romance a person, you're making advances.
WORD FAMILY
romance: romanced, romances, romancing, romantic +/ romantic: romantically, romanticise, romanticism, romanticize, romantics, unromantic/romanticise: romanticisation, romanticised, romanticises, romanticising/ romanticism: neoromanticism, romanticist, romanticistic/romanticist: romanticists/ romanticize: romanticization, romanticized, romanticizes, romanticizing/unromantic: unromantically
USAGE EXAMPLES
That year, her first Oscars season, Ms. Bening playfully deflected personal questions about her budding romance and attended the ceremony with her parents.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
They include fake IRS calls, bogus sweepstakes, phony grandchild in distress calls and romance scams.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
They are generally syrupy romances, family dramas or action movies peppered with elaborate song and dance routines.
Reuters(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 浪漫史; 爱情小说; 恋爱; 传奇色彩
vt. & vi. 虚构; 渲染; 谈情说爱; 追求某人
时态：romanced, romancing, romances
分布：浪漫史(34%)，冒险故事(20%)，虚构(18%)，爱情故事(18%)，讲虚构故事(7%)，传奇文学(3%)
→来自 Romance,罗曼语。用以指兴起于中世纪的用罗曼语写作的骑士冒险故事小说，常常含 有大量的英雄救美的情节，后由该词引申词义浪漫，风流韵事，且成为主要词义。Romance 罗曼语
n.传奇,爱情故事There was an air of romance about the old inn.这家老客栈颇有些浪漫气氛.
US [roʊ'mænts] noun
 IMPROVER countable
■a close, usually short relationship of love between two people （通常短暂的）恋爱关系，罗曼史，风流韵事
• They got married last year after a whirlwind (= very short and unexpected) romance. 一段闪电式恋爱后，他们去年就结了婚。
• It was just a holiday romance. 那只是假期中的一场浪漫恋情而已。
• Office romances are usually a bad idea. 一般说来，和办公室的同事搞风流韵事可不怎么好。
 IMPROVER uncountable
■when you feel love for and are sexually attracted to someone 爱意；爱情；浪漫
• I felt as though all the romance had gone out of my marriage. 我感到自己的婚姻已经完全失去了浪漫的感觉。
uncountable
■the feeling of excitement or mystery that you have from a particular experience or event 传奇色彩；浪漫氛围
• He loves the romance of travelling on a steam train. 他喜欢乘蒸汽火车旅行的那种浪漫感觉。
countable
■a story about love 爱情故事
• a historical romance 历史爱情故事
• She loves reading romances. 她喜欢读爱情故事。
countable
■a story of exciting events, especially one written or set in the past （尤指旧时创作或以古代为背景的）传奇故事
• medieval romances 中世纪传奇故事
UK [rəʊ'mænts/ UK ['rəʊ.mænts] US [roʊ'mænts] verb
intransitive
■to tell stories that are not true, or to describe an event in a way that makes it sound better than it was 虚构；夸大
transitive old-fashioned
■to try to persuade someone to love you 向…求爱，追求
story, tale, fiction, fable, romance, novel
这组词都有“小说，故事”的意思，其区别是：
story: 指篇幅较短，常包含一系列情节或事件，口述或书写成文的故事。
tale: 常可与story换用，指以事实为中心作叙述的故事，也指古代流传下来的传说故事或神话故事。
fiction: 指部分或全部虚构的短篇、中篇、长篇小说，也指传奇故事，是小说的总称。
fable: 指短小而寓有教育意义的虚构故事。故事的主人公多为拟人化的动物或非动物之类。也作传说解。
romance: 系novel早期的代用词，泛指具有强烈神话和传奇色彩的故事，现指爱情故事。
novel: 指任何有情节、人物、对白，虚构的长篇散文体故事。
n. 传奇；浪漫史；风流韵事；冒险故事
 - legend, affair
vi. 虚构；渲染；写传奇
 - cook up, think up

Word: bewilder
Front: bewilder
[bɪˈwɪldə(r)] (研六托雅宝 30215/34058)
Vocabulary: bewilder
(once / 264 pages)
v
To bewilder is to amaze, baffle, dumbfound, flummox, perplex, or stupefy. When you bewilder people, you confuse them.
Bewilder is a fun-sounding word for confusion-causing. A complicated math problem will bewilder many students. A magician's tricks should bewilder the audience. Mystery stories should be a little bewildering, at least until the end. Sometimes, being bewildered has a more emotional element. If someone you know died in a freak accident, that would bewilder you in a very sad way.
WORD FAMILY
bewilder: bewildered, bewildering, bewilderment, bewilders+/ bewildered: bewilderedly/bewildering: bewilderingly/ bewilderment: bewilderments
USAGE EXAMPLES
While his stance is one of self-deprecating bewilderment, he is also often genuinely bewildered.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Onuaku debuted the form in Greece, while playing in an international under-19 tournament for Team USA, to snickering, bewildered teammates.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Fiji’s rugby sevens team bewildered everyone and won their country’s very first gold medal.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 使迷惑; 使为难; 使手足无措; 使变糊涂
时态：bewildered, bewildering, bewilders
分布：使迷惑(84%)，使 ... 不知所措(16%)
使…迷惑(be+wilder迷惑)[be-①构成动词"使…成为"②构成一些介词]
v.使迷惑,难住,把...弄糊涂The streets in the city bewildered me.我被市里的街道弄糊涂了.
【源】与可能发生在wilderness（荒野中）的迷路有联系。
【记】be（使…成为），wilder（v 使迷惑）－使…迷惑－混乱
【参】bewildering（adj 令人困惑的；使人混乱的）＝puzzling
US [-dɚ] verb transitive
■to confuse someone 使迷惑，使糊涂；难住
• The instructions completely bewildered me. 说明书把我完全弄糊涂了。
puzzle, confound, bewilder, perplex, confuse, distract, embarrass, baffle
这组词都有“使困惑、迷惑、糊涂、伤脑筋”的意思，其区别是：
puzzle: 侧重使人难于理解、困惑、伤脑筋。
confound: 常指人惊慌失措和狼狈不堪。
bewilder: 语气强烈，指因迷不解或惊愕而慌乱，不知所措，无法清醒地思考。
perplex: 除困惑外，还含焦虑或缺乏把握之意，因而难于作出决定，无从下手处理。
confuse: 语气较弱，指由于混淆、混乱而糊涂。
distract: 主要用于注意力分散、思想矛盾或过分激动时产生的昏乱。
embarrass: 常指因处境或困难问题而感到窘迫、局促不安或焦急而不知所措。
baffle: 语气最强，多指遇见奇怪情景或复杂困难情况时所产生的惶恐困惑心理。
vt. 使迷惑，使不知所措
 - bemuddle, enchant

Word: admiral
Front: admiral
[ˈædmərəl] (10814/6644 -2)
Vocabulary: admiral
(once / 190 pages)
1n 2n
An admiral is the commander of a fleet. In the navy, admiral is one of the highest ranks.
The military is full of rankings, such as captain, private, major, and corporal. Another is admiral, a ranking specific to the navy. While a captain is in charge of one ship, an admiral leads more than one ship: a bunch of ships, which are called a fleet. There are also a few different types of admirals, such as full admiral and vice admiral. Similarly, Battlestar Galactica’s Commander Adama becomes Admiral Adama as a result of leading more than one ship.
WORD FAMILY
admiral: admirals
USAGE EXAMPLES
But their effort was blocked for more than two years by admirals who were friendly with the contractor, according to officials familiar with the matter.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Volunteers range from generals and admirals to enlisted men and women, who sometimes report for telephone duty in military uniform and a Santa hat.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
The detained include more than 168 military generals or admirals, and more than 7,500 police officers.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 海军将领; 舰队司令; 旗舰; 渔船队长，商船队长
分布：海军上将(77%)，舰队司令(23%)
→来自阿拉伯语emir, 酋长。后词源俗化为admire的名词形式。
noun countable
■an officer of very high rank in the navy 海军将军；海军上将；舰队司令
• Admiral Nelson 海军上将纳尔逊
n. 海军上将；舰队司令； [军] [船] 旗舰
 - flagship, Pilotide

Word: armour
Front: armour
['ɑ:mə(r)] (雅 41329/6061 -2)
Back: n. 甲胄，盔甲; 装甲; 装甲车辆; 装甲部队
“armor”的变体
时态：armoured, armouring, armours
分布：甲胄(51%)，铁甲(38%)，防护具(11%)
US ['ɑ:r.mɚ] noun uncountable
 ADVANCED
■strong protective covering, especially for the body 盔甲；（尤指护身的）铠甲
• Police put on body armour before confronting the rioters. 员警镇压暴徒前穿上了防弹衣。
• In the past, knights used to wear suits of armour (= protective covering made of metal) in battle. 在过去，骑士作战时身穿甲胄。
• These grenades are able to pierce the armour of tanks. 这些手榴弹可以炸穿坦克的装甲。
■military vehicles that are covered in strong metal to protect them from attack 装甲车辆；装甲部队
• The troops were backed by tanks, artillery and other heavy armour. 部队有坦克、大炮以及其他的重型装甲战车作后盾。
n. 盔甲；装甲；护面
 - mail, helmets

Word: desktop
Front: desktop
[ˈdesktɒp] (6830/4451)
Vocabulary: desktop
(once / 5866 pages)
n
A desktop is the surface of a desk, the part you use for writing or resting your laptop on. Particularly tidy people might need to clean the entire desktop before getting any work done.
Your literal desktop — the top or surface of your desk — inspired the name for your computer desktop, the home screen on which you organize icons representing your files. When you're using a computer, you generally start from your desktop, opening windows or clicking on a file. When desktop is used as an adjective, it typically means "meant to be kept and used on your desk," like a desktop computer or a desktop scanner.
WORD FAMILY
desktop: desktops
USAGE EXAMPLES
The difficult part was condensing hours of notes into stories that would fit on desktop calendar pages, Blackaby and Wynne said.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
“With the increased use of mobile devices, more and more calendaring tasks are performed off the desktop computer,” it said.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
From cheap mobile experiences to exuberant desktop machines, if you wanted to dive into a virtual world, there was a way.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 桌面
分布：桌面(93%)，台式电脑(6%)，台式的(1%)
US [-tɑ:p] noun
COMPUTING 电脑操作
 ADVANCED countable
■a view on a computer screen which is intended to represent the top of a desk and which contains icons (= small symbols or pictures) that represent files, programs and other features of the computer （电脑）桌面
• The menu bar with its windows is one of the features of the desktop. 具有能开启视窗的菜单条是桌面的特征之一。
countable (also desktop computer)
■a type of computer that is small enough to fit on the top of a desk 座枱式电脑 Compare laptop (computer) , notebook , palmtop (computer)
UK ['desk.tɒp] US [-tɑ:p] noun
FURNITURE 家俱
countable usually singular
■the top of a desk 桌子表面，桌面
n. 桌面；台式机
 - tabletop, table tops

Word: coping
Front: coping
[ˈkəʊpɪŋ] (8862/22586)
Back: n. 顶部，顶盖，墙的顶部
v. 成功地应付，对付( cope的现在分词 )
分布：顶部(40%)，顶盖(30%)，墙顶(20%)，动词cope的现在分词.(10%)
→来自cape, 斗篷，因形如斗篷而得名。
VERB
(成功地)处理，应付，对付
If you cope with a problem or task, you deal with it successfully.
例：It was amazing how my mother coped with bringing up three children on less than three pounds a week...我妈妈用每周不到3英镑的钱抚养大了3个孩子，简直太不可思议了。
例：The problems were an annoyance, but we managed to cope.这些问题很讨厌，但是我们都设法解决了。
VERB
应付，忍受(不愉快的局面)
If you have to cope with an unpleasant situation, you have to accept it or bear it.
例：Never before has the industry had to cope with war and recession at the same time...这个行业以前从未有过必须同时应付战争和萧条的经历。
例：She has had to cope with losing all her previous status and money.她不得不忍受彻底失去以前所拥有的地位和金钱的痛苦。
VERB
(机器、系统等)能够处理，应付
If a machine or a system can cope with something, it is large enough or complex enough to deal with it satisfactorily.
例：New blades have been designed to cope with the effects of dead insects...新的桨片设计使其可以应付昆虫尸体带来的影响。
例：The country's prisons are filled with drug-takers, and cannot cope with the numbers...这个国家的监狱里挤满了瘾君子，都容纳不下了。
N-COUNT
(基督教牧师在特殊仪式中所穿的)长袍，法衣
A cope is a long sleeveless piece of clothing worn by some Christian priests on special occasions.
n. 顶部； [口腔] 顶盖； [建] 墙顶
 - top, roof

Word: discretionary
Front: discretionary
[dɪˈskreʃənəri] (宝 11809/8242 -1)
Vocabulary: discretionary
(once / 5584 pages)
adj
Discretionary means it's up to you to decide. Bathing regularly is a discretionary act, so you can opt not to do it if you want; note, however, that your friends might disagree with us on this.
Discretionary is often used to describe money that isn’t designated for a particular purpose. It’s up to the people in charge to decide how discretionary funds should be spent. Discretionary comes from the word discretion, which can be used to mean “the right to decide something based on one’s own judgment.” If you're given a task to complete at your discretion, you can decide how you want to do it — or whether you want to do it at all.
WORD FAMILY
discretion: discretional, discretionary, discretions, indiscretion +/discretional: discretionally/ indiscretion: indiscretions
USAGE EXAMPLES
Its budget at the time of the report was roughly $580 billion - more than half of all federal discretionary spending.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Yet those who need to work two jobs are also those with the least discretionary income to spend on robotic cribs for their children.
The Guardian(Dec 13, 2016)
The most generous federal programs cap payments at 10% of a borrower’s discretionary income.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: adj. 任意的; 自由决定的; 酌情行事的; 便宜行事的
分布：自由裁量的(100%)
【反】obligatory（adj 强制性的）；mandatory（adj 命令的；强制的）
US [-er-] formal
adjective
■decided by officials and not fixed by rules （由官员）自行决定的，自主的
• a discretionary grant 自主拨款
• Judges have great discretionary powers. 法官有很大的自主权。
adj. 任意的；自由决定的
 - random, arbitrary

Word: horribly
Front: horribly
['hɒrəblɪ] (12255/11702)
Back: adv. 可怕地; <口>非常，极其
分布：可怕地(44%)，恐怖地(28%)，极其(28%)
US ['hɔ:r-] adverb
■extremely, especially in a very bad or unpleasant way 可怕地；极糟糕地
• His face was horribly scarred. 他的脸上留下了可怕的疤痕。
• Their plans went horribly wrong. 他们的计划进行得一塌糊涂。
adv. 可怕地；非常地
 - considerably, remarkably, tremendously, frightfully, fearfully

Word: gleam
Front: gleam
[gli:m] (六托雅宝 10208/9332 -2)
Vocabulary: gleam
(once / 171 pages)
nv
A gleam is a bright flash of light. If you were lost on a dark, stormy night, you'd be hugely relieved to see the gleam of a roadside diner's sign up ahead.
Use the verb gleam when something is shining as if it were wet or glinting with light. Your new toothpaste might make your teeth so white that they gleam. You can also describe an emotion that appears briefly as a gleam, like a gleam of hope. And as you hatch a plan to toilet-paper the neighbor's yard, mischief might gleam in your eyes.
WORD FAMILY
gleam: gleamed, gleaming, gleams+/ gleaming: gleamingly, gleamings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Gleaming with rain, it rose up snarling, as if struggling to escape the earth.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Here is a men’s clothing shop and art gallery in a small space with gleaming light wood floors.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The screen showed gleaming golden bubbles of fat that were surprisingly beautiful.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. （使）闪烁，（使）闪亮
n. 闪光，闪亮; 闪现; 流露
时态：gleamed, gleaming, gleams
分布：微光(34%)，闪光(24%)，闪烁(23%)，闪现(14%)，隐约地闪现(5%)
→来自ghel, 照耀，发光，词源同glass, glimmer.
【区】glean（v 拾落穗；收集）
verb intransitive
■to produce or reflect a small, bright light 发微光；闪烁；隐约闪光
• He polished the table until it gleamed. 他把桌子擦得光洁明亮。
■When eyes gleam, they shine in a way that expresses a particular emotion （眼睛）闪烁
• His eyes gleamed with/in triumph. 他眼中闪现出胜利的光芒。
[gli:m] noun countable usually singular
■when something gleams 闪烁；闪亮；闪现
flash, sparkle, glow, gleam, twinkle, glitter
这组词都有“闪光，闪烁，闪亮”的意思，其区别是：
flash: 指突然发出随即消失的闪光，如闪电的光。
sparkle: 指发出闪动的光或火星。
glow: 指像熔铁余烬等发出的明亮、强烈、夺目的光。
gleam: 指透过间隔物或映衬于较暗背景上的微弱光线。也指闪光。
twinkle: 指断断续续或摇晃不定的灿烂闪光。
glitter: 指连续发出的闪烁不定的光，有时含贬义。
n. 微光；闪光；瞬息的一现
 - glimmer, stroboflash
vi. 闪烁；隐约地闪现
 - spark, coruscate
vt. 使闪烁；使发微光
 - flicker

Word: embroil
Front: embroil
[ɪmˈbrɔɪl] (宝 15548/14533)
Vocabulary: embroil
(once / 3845 pages)
v
To embroil is to drag someone in to a mess. If you're embroiled, you're in ... DEEP. It's far worse, far messier, and generally far more long-term, than simply being "involved" with something. Nothing good can come of being embroiled.
Embroil can refer to any sort of situation — love affairs, political events, scandals — but it's probably most commonly used in reference to law suits. The classic law suit that embroiled its participants was the fictional one of Jarndyce. v. Jarndyce, in Dickens's novel Bleak House — which went on for so many generations that all the characters' money was eaten up entirely by lawyers' fees. Let us repeat: nothing good comes of getting embroiled.
WORD FAMILY
embroil: disembroil, embroiled, embroiling, embroilment, embroils+/disembroil: disembroiled/embroilment: embroilments
USAGE EXAMPLES
Dickerson and the Rams were embroiled in controversy before Fisher was fired on Dec. 12.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Mr. Reinecke was running for governor when he became embroiled in the wide-ranging Watergate investigation of the Nixon administration.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Tokyo-based Toshiba also is embroiled in a scandal over disclosures that company officials doctored accounting books for years after setting unrealistic earnings targets.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: vt. 使（自己或他人）卷入纠纷
时态：embroiled, embroiling, embroils
分布：使卷入(45%)，牵连(33%)，使陷入(22%)
→em-, 进入，使。-broil, 蒸，煮，词源同brew. 原指各种原料炖成一锅。
verb transitive
■to cause someone to become involved in an argument or a difficult situation 使卷入（纠纷）；使陷入（困境）
• [R] She had no desire to embroil herself in lengthy lawsuits with the tabloid newspapers. 她不想卷入和那些小报的漫长官司纠纷中。
• The United Nations was reluctant to get its forces embroiled in civil war. 联合国不愿让其维和部队卷入国家的内战中。
vt. 使卷入；使混乱
 - cloud, confuse

Word: raft
Front: raft
[rɑ:ft] (托雅 7376/10123 -1)
Vocabulary: raft
(once / 435 pages)
1nv 2n
A raft is a vessel or structure that's made to float on water. You might have an inflatable raft you use for floating around your backyard pool.
Rafts come in many forms, from soft and squishy to wooden and permanent, like the rafts built on lakes for swimmers to rest on and dive off. Other rafts are mobile — they're small, flat boats meant for transporting people or goods across a river, for example. If you raft, you travel by raft. Experts guess that raft comes from the Old Norse word raptr, "log."
WORD FAMILY
raft: rafted, rafter, rafting, rafts+/rafter: raftered, raftering, rafters
USAGE EXAMPLES
It will also close two Russian compounds used for intelligence-gathering, in Maryland and New York, as part of a raft of retaliatory measures.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
They used their swimming-pool raft to float their kids to a friend’s house around the corner.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Like OMICS, it publishes a raft of journals, 17 in all, with legitimately dry-sounding titles like “International Journal of Sustainable Energy Development.”
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 木筏; 橡皮艇; [动]（昆虫的）卵筏; 〈美口〉大量
vt. 筏运; 制成筏; 使用筏子
vi. 乘筏
时态：rafted, rafting, rafts
分布：筏(84%)，救生艇(7%)，木排(5%)，乘筏(3%)，制成筏(1%)
→来自古诺斯语 raptr,木排，阀子，来自 rep,柱子，桩子。
US [ræft] noun
FLOATING STRUCTURE 漂浮的木架
countable
■a flat floating structure for travelling across water, often made of pieces of wood tied roughly together and moved along with a paddle (= pole with a flat end) 筏；木筏；木排
• We lashed together anything that would float to make a raft. 我们把所有能漂浮的东西都捆绑在一起来做一个木筏。
countable
■a fixed flat floating structure which swimmers can use to land on or dive from （游泳、跳水的）浮台
countable
■a small rubber or plastic boat that can be filled with air 充气筏；橡皮艇
• a rubber raft 橡皮艇
• an inflatable raft 充气筏
UK [rɑ:ft] US [ræft] noun
MANY 许多
countable usually singular
■a large number or range; a lot 许多；大量
• a raft of data 大量资料
• We have designed a whole raft of measures to improve the transport system. 我们已经制定了一整套措施来完善交通系统。
UK [rɑ:ft] US [ræft] verb intransitive or transitive
■to travel or transport something on a raft 乘坐筏子（度河）；用筏子运送
• They rafted their supplies down the river. 他们用筏子把生活用品运到河的下游。
• We rafted through the rapids. 我们乘筏子渡过了那处急流。
• Have you ever been white water rafting? 你玩过泛舟运动吗？
n. 筏；救生艇；（美）大量
 - lots of, wealth, ocean, body, billion

Word: tuck
Front: tuck
[tʌk] (研四六雅 4115/4336 -2)
Back: vt. <英俚>吃，喝; 折叠（衣服的）褶; 包起，裹起; 挤进
n. 鼓声，喇叭声; 活力，精力; （袖子等上的）褶皱; 卷起，盖住
时态：tucked, tucking, tucks
分布：卷起(41%)，藏起(19%)，收拢(19%)，缝摺(11%)，船底后端(5%)，打摺(5%)
→来自中古荷兰语 tucken,卷起，折起，来自 Proto-Germanic*teug,拉，推，deuk,拉，推， 词源同 duct,tug.后用于指把裤脚折边，塞进。
v.卷起;塞进The lucky duck tucked in truck suddenly sucked the gas from the bucket.塞在卡车里的幸运鸭子突然从桶里吸汽油.
verb transitive usually + adverb or preposition
TIDY 整理
■to push a loose end of a piece of clothing or material into a particular place or position, especially to make it tidy or comfortable 把（衣服等的末端）塞进
• Should I tuck my shirt into my trousers? 我应该把衬衫下摆塞进裤子里吗？
• He tucked the bottom of the sheet under the mattress. 他把床单边缘塞入床垫下。
[tʌk] verb transitive usually + adverb or preposition
STORE SAFELY 收藏
■to put something into a safe or convenient place 把…夹入；把…藏入；把…塞入
• Tuck your gloves in your pocket so that you don't lose them. 把手套放进口袋里，这样就不会弄丢了。
• She had a doll tucked under her arm. 她把玩具娃娃夹在胳膊下。
• Eventually I found the certificate tucked under a pile of old letters. 最后我发现证书压在一堆旧信下。
• Tuck your chair in (= put it so that the seat of it is under the table) so that no one trips over it. 把你的椅子推到桌下，以防有人绊倒。
[tʌk] verb transitive usually + adverb or preposition
BODY 身体
■to hold part of your body in a particular position 使蜷缩，使收缩
• Stand up straight, tuck your tummy in and tuck your bottom under. 站直了，收腹提臀。
• She sat with her legs tucked under her. 她盘腿坐着。
[tʌk] verb transitive usually + adverb or preposition
HIDDEN 隐藏的
be tucked away/along, etc.
■to be in a place which is hidden or where few people go 隐没，隐藏
• Tucked along/down this alley are some beautiful timber-framed houses. 这条巷子的深处有一些漂亮的木结构房子。
• A group of tiny brick houses is tucked away behind the factory. 工厂后面隐藏着一片小砖房。
[tʌk] verb transitive usually + adverb or preposition
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] tuck sth away
■to put something in a private, safe place 隐藏；收藏
• Grandma always kept a bit of money tucked away in case there was an emergency. 奶奶总是藏点钱以备急用。
[tʌk] verb transitive usually + adverb or preposition
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] tuck sb in (UK also tuck sb up)
■to make someone comfortable in their bed, especially a child, by arranging the covers round them 给（孩子）掖好被子；将（孩子）在床上安顿好
• Daddy, if I go to bed now will you tuck me in? 爸爸，要是我现在去睡觉，你会帮我掖被子吗？
• The children are safely tucked up in bed. 孩子们安逸地躺在被子里。
[tʌk] verb transitive usually + adverb or preposition
  Phrasal Verbs  tuck in/tuck into sth informal
■to start eating something eagerly 尽情地吃，痛快地吃
• Judging by the way they tucked into their dinner, they must have been very hungry. 看他们晚餐时那种狼吞虎咽的样子，一定是饿坏了。
• There's plenty of food, so please tuck in. 食物充足，请尽情地吃吧。
[tʌk] noun
FOLD 折叠
countable
■a narrow fold sewn into something, especially a piece of material, either for decoration or to change its shape （用于装饰或改变形状的）褶；打褶
[tʌk] noun
MEDICAL OPERATION 医疗手术
countable
■an operation to remove unwanted fat from a part of the body 抽脂手术
• a tummy tuck 腹部抽脂手术
[tʌk] noun
FOOD 食物
uncountable UK old-fashioned child's word
■food, especially sweets and cakes 食物；（尤指）糖果糕点
• a tuck shop 食品店
⇒ See also tucker
vt. 卷起；挤进；用某物舒适地裹住；使有褶裥；收拢；大口吃；使隐藏
 - curl up, roll up
n. 食物；船尾突出部；缝摺；抱膝式跳水；活力；鼓声
 - food, energy, diet, vitality, eating
vi. 缝褶裥；缩拢；舒服地裹在里面；大口吃
 - pucker

Word: dismissal
Front: dismissal
[dɪsˈmɪsl] (8931/3990)
Vocabulary: dismissal
(once / 1191 pages)
n
The act of sending someone away or firing them is dismissal. Your friend's dismissal from the pizza place where he kept dropping the dough on the floor means he's looking for a new job — preferably not in food service.
When a school bell rings at the end of the day, signaling that students can leave, that's one kind of dismissal. Bad news from a boss that the company is laying you off is also a dismissal, and when a judge rules that a trial is over and the case has been dropped, it's yet another kind of dismissal. The word comes from dismiss, "send away," from the Latin root dimittere, "send different ways" or "break up."
WORD FAMILY
dismissal: dismissals+/ dismiss: dismissal, dismissed, dismisses, dismissible, dismissing, dismission, dismissive /dismission: dismissions/ dismissive: dismissively
USAGE EXAMPLES
Most cases in the district courts end in plea bargains, settlements or pretrial dismissals.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Such increasingly common dismissals of spiritual existence trickle into popular thought and even into everyday language.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
The dismissals are common as one administration succeeds another.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 解雇，免职; 撤退; 解雇通知; [法]驳回，拒绝受理
分布：解雇(82%)，免职(16%)，不予理会(1%)，摒弃(1%)
解雇(dismiss解雇)[-al 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人,物,状态"]
noun
END JOB 解雇
countable or uncountable
■when an employer officially makes someone leave their job 解雇，解聘
• unfair/wrongful dismissal 不公正／错误的解雇
[dɪ'smɪs.əl] noun
FORGET 忽视
uncountable
■a decision that someone or something is not important 把某人或某物视作不重要的决定
n. [劳经] 解雇；免职
 - removal, discharge

Word: jaguar
Front: jaguar
[ˈdʒægjuə(r)] (16847/8116)
Back: n. <动>（中、南美洲的）美洲虎
分布：名词(100%)
→来自南美土著语jaguara,野兽，大型捕食动物。引申词义美洲虎，美洲豹。
US [-ju:.ɑ:r] noun countable
■a large wild animal of the cat family which lives in Central and South America 美洲豹，美洲虎
n. [脊椎] 美洲虎
 - American tiger

Word: lumber
Front: lumber
[ˈlʌmbə(r)] (研四六托宝 6984/18664 -1)
Vocabulary: lumber
(once / 602 pages)
1nv 2v 3n
Do you move clumsily, heavily and slowly, without a shred of grace? Then it sounds like you might lumber. Sorry to hear that.
Lots of other words and phrases are associated with our friend lumber. Particularly large or tall people are almost inevitably said to lumber, as the common phrase "lumbering giant," attests. You never hear of a tip-toeing giant, but some of them must. Lumberjack, meaning someone who cuts down trees, is another. Often lumber, in the sense of planks of wood, is interchangeable with the word timber.
WORD FAMILY
lumber: lumbered, lumbering, lumbers+/ lumbering: lumberingly, lumberings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Iames would collect old lumber to build skis, lawn ornaments and doorstops to earn extra money as a child.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The Iraqi special forces are trying to compensate for lumbering armored military units.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
The only thing more bleak and dated than the duskier varieties of wood is lumber with a past.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 木材; 隆隆声; 废物
vt. & vi. 砍伐; 笨重地行进; 胡乱堆积
时态：lumbered, lumbering, lumbers
分布：木材(79%)，木料(10%)，伐木(6%)，拖累(4%)，缓慢地移动(1%)
→来自lame,跛的，-er,表反复，引申词义吃力的走。木材义词源不详，可能来自timber,字母t,l音变，比较language,tongue,并由木材引申词义大件物品等。
n.木材v.伐木,乱堆,隆隆地移动The room is lumbered with numerous cucumbers.房间里乱堆着大量黄瓜.
【记】lumber＝timber（n 木料）走路象笨重的木料：沉重、缓慢地移动
【参】lumberjack（n 伐木工人）
【反】glide（v /n 滑行）
US [-bɚ] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to move slowly and awkwardly 缓慢笨拙地移动
• In the distance, we could see a herd of elephants lumbering across the plain. 我们可以看见远处有一群大象缓缓穿过平原。
UK ['lʌm.bər] US [-bɚ] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
  Phrasal Verbs  lumber sb with sth mainly UK informal
■If you are/get lumbered with something, you have to deal with something or someone that you do not want to 使（某人）不得不面对，迫使（某人）应付
• I always seem to get lumbered with the job of clearing up after a party. 每次派对结束后我似乎总要被抓住打扫。
UK ['lʌm.bər] US [-bɚ] noun uncountable mainly US
■wood that has been prepared for building 木材，木料
timber, wood, lumber, log
这组词都有“木材”的意思，其区别是：
timber: 指经过匠人初步加要的备用木材，多用于英国英语。
wood: 最普通用词，含义广，除表示“木材，木”外，还可用复数形式表示森林。
lumber: 指伐下后未经削磨的木材，现多用于美国英语中。
log: 指原木或圆木。
vi. 伐木；喧闹地向前走；笨重地行动，缓慢地移动
 - log
n. [木] 木材；废物，无用的杂物；隆隆声
 - wood, waste, timber, refuse, garbage

Word: knot
Front: knot
[nɒt] (研四六雅 5079/5061 -K2)
Vocabulary: knot
(once / 283 pages)
1nv 2n 3n 4n 5n
A knot is a securely fastened loop of string, rope, or fabric. Before kids learn to tie their shoelaces, they first have to learn to tie a simple knot. If someone asks you to "tie the knot," give it some thought since they are asking you to get married.
Sailors need to know how to make many different rope knots, and doctors learn to tie knots with the thin sutures they use to stitch wounds closed. You can also talk about a group or tight gathering of people as a knot: "A knot of fans formed around the movie star as she walked down the street." When you knot something, you tie it into knots or make a situation more complicated and snarled.
WORD FAMILY
knot: knots, knotted, knotting, knotty, unknot+/ knotty: knottier, knottiest, knottily, knottiness/unknot: unknots, unknotted, unknotting
USAGE EXAMPLES
The knot of potential conflicts includes Icahn, the billionaire investor who will serve as a special adviser to Trump.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The knot of potential conflicts includes Mr. Icahn, the billionaire investor who will serve as a special adviser to Mr. Trump.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
One mask depicts Yeats with a swoop of lustrous white hair, his jaw shut by knotted strings.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 结，绳结，结节，（装饰用的）花结，蝴蝶结; [航]节(=浬/小时)，浬，海里; （树木或木材上的）节疤，（人或动物身上的）硬块，节，瘤; 难事，难题，麻烦事，（问题的）要点，（戏剧，小说的）情节的征结
vt. & vi. 把…打结，把…连结，捆扎，包扎; 使密切结合; 使纠结; 皱（眉）
时态：knotted, knotting, knots
分布：结(80%)，打结(9%)，节(9%)，捆扎(1%)，系牢(1%)
→来自古英语cnotta,来自Proto-Germanic*knuttan,可能最终来自nod,绑，编织，打结，词源同net,node,newel.词义节来自过去在绳子末端绑上木块，并按照均等长度打结，通过数绳结的方式来计算航行速度，并成为航海速度单位。参照log.
n.(绳)结;(树)节;节(=海里/小时)v.打结The mocker knocked the stock with the knots on the stocking and sock.嘲笑者用长袜和短裤上的结鼓打存货.
US [nɑ:t] noun countable
FASTENING 系结物
 ADVANCED
■a join made by tying together the ends of a piece or pieces of string, rope, cloth, etc （绳等的）结
• to tie a knot 打个结
UK [nɒt] US [nɑ:t] noun countable
MASS 一团
■a tight mass, for example of hair or string 绞成一团的头发（或绳）
• Alice's hair is always full of knots and tangles. 爱丽斯的头发总是缠结在一起，乱作一团。
UK [nɒt] US [nɑ:t] noun countable
GROUP 群
■a small group of people standing close together 一小群人
• Knots of anxious people stood waiting in the hall. 一群群人焦虑不安地站在大厅里等候。
UK [nɒt] US [nɑ:t] noun countable
WOOD 木头
■a small hard area on a tree or piece of wood where a branch was joined to the tree 树瘤；节；（木板上的）节疤
UK [nɒt] US [nɑ:t] noun countable
MEASUREMENT 量度 specialized
■a measure of the speed of ships, aircraft or movements of water and air. One knot is approximately 1.85 kilometres per hour 节（航速和流速单位；1节约等于1.85公里／小时）
• a top speed of about 20 knots. 最高约为20节的航速
UK [nɒt] US [nɑ:t] noun countable
in knots informal
■If your stomach is in knots, it feels tight and uncomfortable because you are nervous or excited. （胃因紧张或兴奋）紧缩的，痉挛的
UK [nɒt] US [nɑ:t] verb (-tt-)
FASTEN 系结物
transitive
■to tie in or with a knot 打个结
• He caught the rope and knotted it around a post. 他抓住绳子，把它系在一根杆子上。
UK [nɒt] US [nɑ:t] verb (-tt-)
FORM MASS 形成一团
intransitive
■to form a tight, hard, rounded mass 形成硬结
• His muscles knotted (= swelled) with the strain. 他很使劲，连肌肉都鼓起来了。
UK [nɒt] US [nɑ:t] verb (-tt-)
Get knotted! UK old-fashioned slang
■a rude way of telling someone who is annoying you to go away 别烦我！滚开！
n. （绳等的）结；节瘤，疙瘩；海里/小时（航速单位）
 - ties, nodus
vt. 打结
 - tie off
vi. 打结
 - tie off

Word: limp
Front: limp
[lɪmp] (研六托雅宝 9496/9898 -2)
Vocabulary: limp
(once / 518 pages)
1vn 2adj
If you walk unevenly, you have a limp. Maybe you pulled your hamstring at the annual Thanksgiving Day Football Showdown, or maybe one leg is three inches shorter than the other. Whatever the reason, if your gait is off kilter, you limp.
You can have a limp (the noun), or you can limp (the verb), and both mean that for some reason your legs don’t work quite in synch. Limp can also be an adjective that means "not strong or firm," like your friends' limp response to your invitation to come help paint your house or when your hair looks limp, meaning it's just hanging, with no volume or style.
WORD FAMILY
limp: limped, limper, limping, limpingly, limply, limpness, limps+/limper: limpers/limping: limpings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The quarterback climbed to his feet and limped back to the huddle.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
He limped off the field, but he didn’t think the injury was serious.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Clippers center DeAndre Jordan limped throughout the Thunder game after he hurt his left hip and left ankle.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 跛行; 挣扎着慢慢前进; （诗的）韵律紊乱
vi. 一瘸一拐地走; 困难地航行
adj. 无力的; 无生气的; 易弯的; 松软的
时态：limped, limping, limps
分布：跛行(39%)，柔软的(20%)，无力的(15%)，蹒跚(13%)，软弱的(13%)
→来自*limp,跛的，来自Proto-Germanic*limpana,悬垂，垂下，引申词义一脚长，一脚短，跛脚的，无生气的。
a.柔软的,易曲的v./n.蹒跚,跛行The limping shrimp impulsively implemented the compulsory duty.跛行的虾冲动实现强制的职责.
【反】firm（adj 结实的；稳固的）
verb
PERSON/ANIMAL 人／动物
intransitive
■to walk slowly and with difficulty because of having an injured or painful leg or foot 瘸着脚走，跛行
• Three minutes into the match, Jackson limped off the pitch with a serious ankle injury. 比赛刚刚开始三分钟，杰克逊就因脚踝严重受伤而下场。
[lɪmp] verb
PROCESS/THING 事／过程
intransitive + adverb or preposition informal
■to move or develop slowly and with difficulty 步履维艰；缓慢发展
• The little boat limped slowly towards the shore. 那艘小船缓慢地向岸边靠近。
• After limping along for almost two years, the economy is starting to show signs of recovery. 经过差不多两年的徘徊，经济开始出现了复苏的迹象。
[lɪmp] adjective
■soft and neither firm nor stiff 软的，柔软的；轻柔的
• a limp lettuce leaf/salad 软塌塌的莴苣叶／沙拉
• a limp handshake 软弱无力的握手
[lɪmp] noun only singular
■a way of walking slowly and with diffculty because of having an injured or painful leg or foot （因为腿脚受伤或疼痛）艰难缓慢的行走
• She has a slight limp. 她有点瘸。
• He walks with a limp. 他走路一瘸一拐的。
adj. 柔软的，无力的；软弱的
 - weak, soft, tender, ductile
vi. 跛行，一拐一拐地走；缓慢费力地前进
 - hirple, hilch
n. 跛行
 - claudication, hirple

Word: ironic
Front: ironic
[aɪˈrɒnɪk] (研托宝 5450/6857 -2)
Vocabulary: ironic
(once / 2287 pages)
adj
If something is ironic it's unexpected, often in an amusing way. If you're the world chess champion, it would be pretty ironic if you lost a match to someone who just learned to play yesterday.
Ironic is the adjective for the noun irony. In contemporary speech, when we call something ironic, we often mean sarcastic. If you spill coffee all over drawings you've been working on all morning, you might ironically tell your coworker, "I've done something wonderful!" An ironic outcome is the opposite of what's intended. Having someone splash mud on you is always annoying, but it would be ironic if they had splashed you because they were running up to wipe dirt off you.
WORD FAMILY
irony: ironic, ironical, ironies, ironist+/ ironical: ironically /ironist: ironists
USAGE EXAMPLES
It would be so ironic if, for instance, energy prices are higher in four years than they are now.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Even the “ironic” title is bad; there is just nothing “nice” about this film.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
How did a zoo animal become the centerpiece of ironic Internet culture in 2016?
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 用反语的; 具有讽刺意味的; 冷嘲的; 令人啼笑皆非的
分布：讽刺的(89%)，说反话的(11%)
→来自irony,讽刺。
【参】irony[SAT]（n 反话；讽刺）
US [aɪ'rɑ:.nɪk] (also ironical)
adjective
■interesting, strange or funny because of being very different from what you would usually expect 讽刺，适得其反
• [+ that] It is ironic that although many items are now cheaper to make, fewer people can afford to buy them. 讽刺的是，虽然如今很多物品的制作成本下降了，但能买得起的人却少了。
■showing that you really mean the opposite of what you are saying 反语的；讽刺的
• an ironic comment/reply 讽刺的评论／挖苦的回答
adj. 讽刺的；反话的
 - acid, satiric

Word: prudential
Front: prudential
[pru(:)ˈdenʃəl] (20300/15584)
Back: adj. 谨慎的
分布：谨慎的(38%)，细心的(20%)，明辨的(20%)，深谋远虑的(16%)，咨询的(6%)
adj. 谨慎的；明辨的
 - cautious, wary

Word: sandy
Front: sandy
[ˈsændi] (四六托 6261/6514 -2)
Back: adj. 沙的，沙质的; 含沙的; 多沙的; 沙色的
n. 桑迪; 苏格兰人的绰号
级别：sandier, sandiest
分布：沙色的(47%)，含沙的(37%)，不稳固的(16%)
adjective
SAND 沙
■covered with sand or containing sand 被沙子覆盖的；含沙的
• a lovely sandy beach 迷人的沙滩
• sandy soil 沙性土壤
['sæn.dɪ] adjective
HAIR 头发
■describes hair which is a pale, brownish orange colour （头发）沙色的，浅棕色的
adj. 沙地的；多沙的；含沙的
 - gritty, arenaceous

Word: seasonal
Front: seasonal
[ˈsi:zənl] (托 6279/6141 -2)
Back: adj. 季节的，季节性的; 周期性的; 随季节变化的
分布：季节的(62%)，周期性的(28%)，依照季节的(10%)
→season,季节，当季，-al,形容词后缀。
adjective
 ADVANCED
■relating to or happening during a particular period in the year 季节的；季节性的
• seasonal vegetables 时令蔬菜
• seasonal farm work 季节性农田工作
adj. [天] 季节的；周期性的；依照季节的
 - recurrent

Word: marshal
Front: marshal
[ˈmɑ:ʃl] (六宝 10929/8112 -2)
Vocabulary: marshal
(once / 336 pages)
nv
A federal marshal knocks on your door. You panic: a marshal is a law officer. What do you do? You marshal your thoughts, that is, put them in order.
Marshal derives from the Old French mareschal, for stable officer. The stable officer had charge of the horses, tending to them, putting them in order, readying them for action. If you are a marshal, you're an officer. If you marshal yourself, you get yourself ready, preparing for action.
WORD FAMILY
marshal: marshaled, marshaling, marshalled, marshalling, marshalship+/marshalship: marshalships
USAGE EXAMPLES
The cause of the fire remains under investigation by the State Fire Marshal’s office.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The Holyoke Fire Department and the State Fire Marshal’s Office are investigating the cause of the fire.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Media outlets report that the West Virginia State Fire Marshal is investigating the cause of the early Saturday blaze in Gilboa.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 元帅; 典礼官; 执法官; 消防局长
vt. 整理，排列，集结
vi. 排列; 编队
时态：marshalled, marshalling, marshals
分布：典礼官(34%)，整顿(22%)，配置(20%)，汇集(14%)，陆空军元帅(5%)，司仪官(5%)
→来自古法语mareschal,军事统帅，总管，来自mare,母马，-schal,仆人，来自skel,分开，分类，词源同scale,shell.其原义为养马的仆人，马夫，弼马温，后词义扩大，引申词义皇室总管，军队统帅，元帅。比较minister.
US ['mɑ:r-] verb transitive (-ll- or US USUALLY -l-)
■to bring together or organize people or things in order to achieve a particular aim 集中；统率；管理
• The fighting in the city followed reports of the rebels marshalling their forces in the countryside. 叛军在郊外集结力量的消息传出后，城内发生了战斗。
• The company is marshalling its forces/resources for a long court case. 这家公司正集中力量／资源打一场旷日费时的官司。
• They had marshalled an armada of 1000 boats and a squadron of 70 aircraft to help clear up the oil. 他们调集了1000艘船和70架飞机来协助清理油污。
• It is unlikely that the rebels will be able to marshal as much firepower as the government troops. 叛军不太可能组织起和政府军同样强大的火力。
UK ['mɑ:.ʃəl] US ['mɑ:r-] noun countable
OFFICIAL 官员
■an official who is involved in the organization of a public event 司仪，司礼官
• Marshals struggled in vain to prevent spectators rushing onto the racetrack. 组织者竭力想阻止观众冲到跑道上去，但根本没用。
• US The parade's grand marshal (= the person leading it) carried an elaborately carved staff. 游行队伍的领队手持一根雕刻精美的指挥棒。
UK ['mɑ:.ʃəl] US ['mɑ:r-] noun countable
LAW 法律 US a government official who is responsible for putting the decisions of a law court into action 执法官
• US marshals specialize in finding fugitives and escapees. 美国的执法官专门负责追踪逃犯及越狱犯。
UK ['mɑ:.ʃəl] US ['mɑ:r-] noun countable
OFFICER 军官
■a title used for important officers in the armed forces of some countries 元帅；最高指挥官
• a field marshal] air vice marshal 陆军元帅／空军少将
■US
■a title used for police or fire officers in some parts of the United States 警察局长；消防队长
• The deputy state fire marshal led the arson investigation. 州消防局副局长负责调查这件纵火案。
n. [军] 元帅；司仪
 - officiator
vt. 整理；引领；编列
 - arrange, sort things out
vi. 排列
 - arrange, form

Word: swarm
Front: swarm
[swɔ:m] (研四六托雅宝 8983/12158 -1)
Vocabulary: swarm
(once / 342 pages)
nv
A swarm is a good word for a large group of bees going on the attack — not good news. Like bees, any group of people or animals can be considered a swarm if they act together and quickly — even fiercely.
On a hot day, when an ice-cream truck shows up, it's usually greeted by a swarm of hot, hungry kids. People at a concert can be a swarm — and people in the swarm can be hurt, because there's lots of pushing and shoving. When tickets for a popular movie go on sale, a swarm of people will swarm the theater. As you can see, swarm works as either a noun or verb, and people could teach bees a thing or two about swarming.
WORD FAMILY
swarm: swarmed, swarming, swarms
USAGE EXAMPLES
In late September, one such swarm began in the northern Brawley Seismic Zone, with three measuring above magnitude 4.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
No injuries or damage were reported Sunday following what seismologists call a “swarm” of quakes.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
It was the tone-setting play on a night when Maryland’s swarming help defense forced 17 turnovers and compensated for a lack of height.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 蜂群，一大群
vi. 泛滥，挤满; 云集，涌往; 成群地移动或出现; 成群飞离蜂巢，用于蜜蜂
时态：swarmed, swarming, swarms
分布：群(88%)，蜂群(6%)，云集(4%)，充满(2%)
→来自古英语 swearm,嗡嗡声，来自 Proto-Germanic*swarmaz,嗡嗡声，来自 swer,蜂鸣声， 耳语声，拟声词，词源同 absurd.
n.蜂群;一大群vi.涌往;挤满;云集;成群移动On the far farm the army's arms are kept warm by a swarm of bees.在远方的农场上,陆军的武器被一群蜜蜂保暖.
【记】a swarm of worms 一群虫子。
【参】swarm up（v 爬上）
US [swɔ:rm] noun
countable
■a large group of insects all moving together （一起移动的）一大群（昆虫）
• a swarm of bees/wasps/ants/locusts 一大群蜜蜂／黄蜂／蚂蚁／蝗虫
• The dead sheep was covered with swarms of flies. 这头死羊身上爬满一群群的苍蝇。
countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■a large group of people all moving together （蜂涌的）一大群（人）
• A swarm of /Swarms of journalists followed the film star's car. 成群结队的记者跟在这位电影明星的车后。
UK [swɔ:m] US [swɔ:rm] verb intransitive
■When insects swarm, they come together in a large group. 蜂涌，群集，成群结队地移动
■When people swarm somewhere, they move there in a large group or in large numbers （人）蜂涌，涌动
• After the game, thousands of football fans swarmed onto the pitch. 比赛后，成千上万的足球迷涌进球场。
UK [swɔ:m] US [swɔ:rm] verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  swarm with sth
■If a place is swarming with people or things, there are large numbers of them moving around it 挤满，充满，云集
• The garden is swarming with wasps. 花园里到处都是黄蜂。
• Something must be going on - the town is swarming with police. 肯定发生了甚么事情——镇上来了很多员警。
herd, swarm, flock
这组词都有“群”的意思，其区别是：
herd: 一般指大动物的群，尤指家畜的群，也可指人群。
swarm: 通常指蜜蜂、昆虫等的群。
flock: 主要指鸟群、羊群；也指较小的动物群，也可指人群。
band, mob, masses, gang, swarm, group, throug, crowd
这组词都有“群，帮，伙”的意思，其区别是：
band: 多指一群有明确宗旨，为共同目的而结合在一起的人，常含贬义。
mob: 指无组织、乱七八糟凑合在一起的乌合之众，或指聚集在一起寻衅滋事的人群，多为暴徒。
masses: 指群众或人民大众。
gang: 常指从事非法、暴力或敌对活动的帮派或团伙。有时呈中性，词义同group。
swarm: 指人数众多，杂乱无章，不停移动的一群人。
group: 普通用词，通常指有组织、有秩序的一群人，也可指无意汇集在一起的一群人。
throug: 书面用词，意义接近crowd，侧重密集地挤在一起的一群，含挤在一起向前推进之意。
crowd: 常指无组织地乱哄哄地挤在一起的人群。
vi. 挤满；成群浮游；云集
 - burst at the seams, be packed with
n. [蜂] 蜂群；一大群
 - cloud, horde
vt. 挤满；爬
 - climb, burst at the seams

Word: cooper
Front: cooper
[ˈku:pə(r)] (30703/5098)
Back: n. 制桶工人
时态：coopered, coopering, coopers
分布：桶匠(34%)，修桶工人(28%)，修桶(19%)，制桶(19%)

Word: vertical
Front: vertical
[ˈvɜ:tɪkl] (高研四六托雅宝 4448/3857 -K2)
Vocabulary: vertical
(once / 616 pages)
adjn
Vertical describes something that rises straight up from a horizontal line or plane. A telephone pole or a tree can usually be described as vertical in relation to the ground.
The walls of your house — unless there's some terrible problem — are vertical. They rise straight up from the foundation, at a ninety degree angle. When you're standing up, you're vertical, as opposed to when you lie down in a horizontal position on the couch. The terms vertical and horizontal often describe directions: a vertical line goes up and down, and a horizontal line goes across. You can remember which direction is vertical by the letter, "v," which points down.
WORD FAMILY
vertical: verticality, vertically, verticalness, verticals
USAGE EXAMPLES
Then it filled nearly seventy thousand square feet of floor space with what is called a vertical farm.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
In general, aim for horizontal and vertical lines in shots.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Sometimes vertical and horizontal are intricately mixed in scenes of woodland streams, or ocean crags and surf.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 垂直的，竖立的; [解]头顶的; 顶点的; [植]纵长的，直上的
n. 垂直线，垂直面; [建]竖杆; 垂直位置
分布：垂直的(71%)，纵向的(14%)，顶点的(9%)，垂直物(4%)，垂直的位置(2%)
→来自vertex,顶点，引申义垂直的。
垂直(vert+ical[下垂的东西])[ver,ert=turn,表示"转"]
a.垂直的,竖的n.垂线The wise man used his wisdom in the vertical advertisement device.聪明人把智慧用在垂直的广告装置上.
US ['vɝ:.tˌə-] adjective
■standing or pointing straight up or at an angle of 90° to a horizontal surface or line 竖直的；垂直的；立式的
• vertical lines/stripes 竖线／竖条纹
• She looked over the cliff and found she was standing at the edge of a vertical drop. 她从悬崖上向下看，发现自己正站在陡直悬崖的边缘。
Compare horizontal
UK ['vɜ:.tɪ.kəl] US ['vɝ:.tˌə-] noun countable usually singular
■a vertical line, surface or position 垂直线；垂直面；竖直位置
• In a two-stage operation, the multi-spoked steel structure will be raised to the vertical. 在分成两个步骤的操作中，这个多辐条的钢架将被竖成垂直状态。
upright, vertical, erect, perpendicular, plumb
这组词都有“垂直的、竖式的”的意思，其区别是：
upright: 普通用词，指竖立、笔直而不是倾斜、倒塌的。
vertical: 指与平面、水平线或基线成直角或几乎成直角向上延伸至顶点的物体。也可指呈直线上升或下降的。
erect: 指笔直挺拔，而非倾斜、佝偻、弯曲或倒塌的。
perpendicular: 指与水平线形成90度的线或面，或朝垂直方面延伸的，尤指向下的急剧运动。
plumb: 建筑上用词，凭锤球评判某物是否完全垂直。
adj. [测] 垂直的，直立的； [解剖] [天] 头顶的，顶点的
 - standing, perpendicular
n. [数] 垂直线，垂直面
 - perpendicular plane, perpendicular line

Word: chess
Front: chess
[tʃes] (中高研四六 6948/7065 -2)
Vocabulary: chess
(once / 1220 pages)
1n 2n
Chess is a game that's played on a checked board by two players. The goal in chess is to put your opponent's king piece in a position from which it can't escape.
A game of chess begins with sixteen black pieces on one side of the board, opposite sixteen white pieces. Each piece can perform a different movement, and each turn involves a player moving a piece in an attempt to attack and remove her opponent's pieces, and to trap the opposing king. Really good chess players learn a lot of strategy and might even compete professionally. Chess comes from the Old French esches, "chessmen," and also "checks."
WORD FAMILY
chess: chesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
“The Tempest’s” Miranda is in modern dress, at a chess board, in both an oil painting and a charcoal drawing.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
“I’m scared when I see a chess player playing checkers — and we are checkers.”
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
A backlash ensued in that city in 2010 after several men were ticketed by police after playing chess on stone chess tables in the playground.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 棋，国际象棋
分布：国际象棋(100%)
→来自check在古法语中的复数形式。
n.棋,国际象棋The chess professor confessed his professional blessing in the confession.象棋教授在供状中承认了其职业福气.
noun uncountable
 ADVANCED
■a game played by two people on a square board, in which each player has 16 pieces that can be moved on the board in different ways 国际象棋
n. 国际象棋，西洋棋
 - checkers

Word: crave
Front: crave
[kreɪv] (托 7562/11225 -1)
Vocabulary: crave
(once / 442 pages)
v
To crave something is to have a great desire for it, as one might crave love, fame, or French fries.
Crave is typically used in the context of emotional or physical desires rather than practical needs. For example, most people crave a hug or a cup of hot cocoa every now and then, but it’s unusual to crave a new filing cabinet or tie rack — although if that’s how you feel, don’t let us interfere. Interestingly, crave comes from an Old English word meaning “demand.” Perhaps our ancestors were more assertive about getting what they wanted.
WORD FAMILY
crave: craved, craves, craving +/ craving: cravings
USAGE EXAMPLES
“But I discovered the human palate is amazingly adaptable, and after two weeks without salt or sugar, I no longer craved them.”
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“And I think that that’s due to the fact that people are craving that connection with themselves.”
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
His slow metabolism is part of the problem, and so are his food cravings.
New York Times(May 02, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 渴望，热望; 恳求，恳请; 要求，需要
vt. 恳求，请求; 渴望
时态：craved, craving, craves
分布：渴望(81%)，恳求(11%)，迫切需要(7%)，热望(1%)
→词源同hard, craft. 即极其想要的。
【记】crave＝cave＋r（run）：当你钻到一个山洞里，发现有一只cougar（哭歌），这时你就会热切渴望着能run出来。但是，如果你没有跑出来，被困在了山洞里（craven把n看成山洞），你所能干得就是craven（adj 怯懦的；胆小的）
verb transitive
■to have a strong or uncontrollable want for something 渴望，热望；难以抑制的渴求
• Many young children crave attention. 许多小孩子渴望得到关注。
vt. 渴望；恳求
 - wish, long for
vi. 渴望；恳求
 - rare, aspire

Word: password
Front: password
[ˈpɑ:swɜ:d] (10041/10802)
Vocabulary: password
(once / 968 pages)
n
A password is a word — or a series of letters or numbers — that's kept secret. You might need a password to get into your brother's clubhouse or to use your friend's laptop.
During World War II, soldiers used passwords to enter guarded areas; these were words or phrases (and responses) that only other Allied soldiers knew. Today, you're more likely to use a password for protecting an electronic device, for withdrawing money from a bank machine, or for logging into your email or social media account. The original meaning of password, from the late 1700s, was "word used to distinguish friend from foe."
WORD FAMILY
password: passwords
USAGE EXAMPLES
On the first screen of the recovery page, choose the scenario that applies to you, which in this case would be “I forgot my password.”
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“It’s beamed wirelessly across the neighborhood, but it’s not password protected,” she said.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Become vigilant about passwords, software updates and encrypted messaging.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. （进入房间、建筑或某个地区的）口令; <计>（使用计算机操作系统的）密码
分布：密码(91%)，口令(9%)
→pass,通过，word,字，词。
US ['pæs.wɝ:d] noun countable
■a secret word or combination of letters or numbers which is used for communicating with another person or with a computer to prove who you are 口令；密码
• I can't let you in unless you give the password. 你说出口令我才能让你进来。
• You can't gain access to the computer system without entering your password. 不输入密码你是无法进入电脑系统的。
n. 密码； [计] [军] 口令
 - cryptogram, secret code

Word: ridiculous
Front: ridiculous
[rɪˈdɪkjələs] (高研四六托雅 4043/3632 -K2)
Vocabulary: ridiculous
(once / 265 pages)
adj
Did you just say that you could toss a rubber chicken over an ocean? Don’t be ridiculous, because ridiculous words are hard to believe, and they will make others laugh at you, not always in a good way either.
The adjective ridiculous comes from the Latin word ridere, which means “to laugh,” but it’s also related to the word ridicule, which means to mock in a cruel way. A mocking and cruel laughter, that’s a common reaction to ridiculous situations. However, there are all different kinds of ridiculous, like seeing a fish holding an umbrella while riding a bike.
WORD FAMILY
ridiculous: ridiculousest, ridiculously, ridiculousness+/ ridicule: ridiculed, ridiculer, ridicules, ridiculing, ridiculous /ridiculer: ridiculers/ridiculousness: ridiculousnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
The case in Fredericksburg really shows the ridiculous hoop-jumping that Muslims are facing.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
"It's possible, but I think it's sad and ridiculous if that's the case," Bradley, speaking of the possible xenophobia, told a British radio interviewer.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
He calls a Group of Five national championship “ridiculous.”
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 可笑的，荒谬的; 荒唐的，愚蠢的; 胡枝扯叶
分布：荒谬的(56%)，可笑的(44%)
→来自 riducule,嘲笑，嘲弄。
可笑的(rid+ic+ulous多...的→多笑的→可笑的)[Rid,ris=laugh,表示"笑"]
a.荒谬的,可笑的The kid kidnapper can't get rid of a ridiculous kidney disease.绑架小孩的家伙无法摆脱荒谬的肾病.
【反】sublime（adj 庄严的）
adjective
 IMPROVER
■stupid or unreasonable and deserving to be laughed at 愚蠢的；荒唐的；可笑的
• Do I look ridiculous in this hat? 我戴这顶帽子看着很可笑吗？
• Don't be so ridiculous! I can't possibly afford to go on holiday. 别那么傻了！我才不可能有那么多钱去渡假呢。
• It's ridiculous to expect a two-year-old to be able to read! 指望一个两岁的孩子会读书真是太荒唐了！
ridiculous, silly, absurd
这组词都有“愚蠢，可笑”的意思，其区别是：
ridiculous: a.荒唐可笑的，指因为愚昧无知而令人发笑并成为笑柄，含有蔑视成分。
 • It is ridiculous to judge a foreign culture only by its food.   仅仅根据一个国家的饮食来评价该国家的文化是荒唐可笑的。
silly: a.愚蠢的，傻的，指由于单纯或者头脑简单而显得愚蠢。
 • a silly little boy   傻小子
absurd: a.荒谬的，可笑的，指因不符合常识、违反真理或不合逻辑而令人发笑。
 • There was an absurd idea that the earth was flat and motionless.   过去曾经有一种荒谬的观点认为地球呈扁平状而且静止不动。
adj. 可笑的；荒谬的
 - laughing, preposterous

Word: flimsy
Front: flimsy
[ˈflɪmzi] (托宝 12968/11547 -1)
Vocabulary: flimsy
(once / 2320 pages)
nadj
You can describe weak, thin, and fragile things as flimsy. Onion smells are strong, onion skins are flimsy. Blaming onions for making you cry during a sad movie, that's a flimsy excuse, when there are no onions in the theater.
A flimsy object and a flimsy objection or excuse are both without weight and are easy to knock down. You can see right through a flimsy curtain, and you can see right through a flimsy lie. If a tent or house of cards is flimsy, it will fall down with a slight breeze, and if your story isn't convincing anyone, it's probably weak and flimsy enough to flatten, too.
WORD FAMILY
flimsy: flimsier, flimsies, flimsiest, flimsily, flimsiness+/flimsiness: flimsinesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Using cardboard, plaster, papier-mâché and tempera paints, Greely, 37, builds flimsy vignettes that seem to spring from a grade-schooler’s imagination.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Yet that was the flimsy basis for Comey’s letter to Congress reopening the Clinton probe.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Many arrive malnourished or injured, only to be herded aboard flimsy rafts and rickety boats by smugglers for the treacherous journey north.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 薄的，薄弱的; 易损坏的; 不足信的; 没有价值的
n. 薄纸; 复写纸; 打字纸; 电报
级别：flimsier, flimsiest
分布：不足信的(39%)，复写纸(25%)，轻而薄得(12%)，薄纸副本(12%)，易坏的(12%)
→可能来自film的拼写变体，薄膜，膜片，引申词义脆弱的，劣质的。-s, 复数后缀，比较ballsy, folksy. 或直接来自flimflam, 胡扯，欺骗，劣质。
【记】原指拍film用的film（n 胶卷）－轻而薄且不牢固的
adjective
THIN 薄的
■very thin, or easily broken or destroyed 很薄的；易破的；易损坏的
• You won't be warm enough in that flimsy dress. 你穿那么薄的衣服不够暖和。
• We spent the night in a flimsy wooden hut. 我们在一个不太坚固的小木屋里过了一夜。
• a flimsy cardboard box 薄纸板箱
['flɪm.zi] adjective
DIFFICULT TO BELIEVE 难以相信的
■A flimsy argument, excuse, etc. is weak and difficult to believe （论点、借口等）不足信的，站不住脚的
• When I asked him why he was late, he gave me some flimsy excuse about having car trouble. 我问他为甚么迟到时，他给了个很不足信的借口，说车出毛病了。
adj. 脆弱的；浅薄的；易损坏的；不周密的
 - tender, slight
n. 薄纸；复写纸；打字纸
 - carbon paper, alabaster paper

Word: bloc
Front: bloc
[blɒk] (雅 8313/8165 -2)
Back: n. 集团，联盟
分布：集团(100%)
→来自block的变体。
US [blɑ:k] noun countable
■a group of countries or people that have similar political interests 集团，阵营（指具有类似政治利益的国家或人的群体）
• The European Union is a powerful trading/trade bloc. 欧盟是一个强大的贸易集团。
• the former Eastern/Communist bloc countries 前东欧集团／共产主义阵营国家
n. 集团
 - collective, clan

Word: lap
Front: lap
[læp] (高研四六雅宝 3359/4140 -3)
Vocabulary: lap
(once / 275 pages)
1n 2nv 3vn 4v
Your lap is the top of your thighs when you sit down, where your cat might sit. Lap can also refer to a trip around a racetrack, or to the act of overtaking a competitor by a lap.
Lap is associated with a number of idioms. If something "falls into your lap," you have gotten something without making much effort. For example, maybe you discovered a rare fossil in your yard while looking for your lost baseball. If you sold that fossil for a lot of money, you may find yourself now "sitting in the lap of luxury." That’s a wonderful place to be!
WORD FAMILY
lap: lapful, lapped, lapping, laps+/lapful: lapfuls/lapping: lappings
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It’s amazing,” Elliott said as she watched her mom do laps around the 135-foot mini track inside the physical therapy gym.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
We rented a car for our five-day stay and did not need GPS; a map in the lap worked fine.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
That’s right: It’s now possible to do laps en plein air, year-round, in the French capital.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 折叠; 包裹，缠绕; 使搭接; 磨亮，磨平
vi. 折叠; 部分重叠; 舔; 包围
n. 膝; 下摆; 一圈跑道; 范围
时态：lapped, lapping, laps
分布：重叠部分(23%)，轻拍(17%)，舐(15%)，领先一圈(15%)，包围(15%)，膝部(9%)，控制范围(3%)，舔食(3%)
→1.来自古英语laeppa,挂布，衣摆，裙摆，词源同label,lapel，后用来指遮膝盖的裙摆，膝盖，大腿。
n.大腿,(跑道的)一圈,一段路程,工作阶段With time elapsing, the flaps collapse up on his clapper's lap.随着时间流逝,袋盖在拍手者的膝上堆叠起来.
noun
LEGS 腿
 ADVANCED countable usually singular
■the top surface of the upper part of the legs of a person who is sitting down （坐着时的）大腿部
• Come and sit on my lap and I'll read you a story. 过来坐在我的腿上，我念故事给你听。
[læp] noun
RACING 赛跑
countable
■a complete journey around a race track that is repeated several times during a competition （跑道的）一圈，一周
• He recorded the fastest lap in last weekend's Hungarian Grand Prix. 在上周的匈牙利大奖赛中他创造了最快单圈成绩纪录。
• After a strong start, she was passed by several runners in/on the final/last lap and finished ninth. 她在起跑阶段很有优势，但在最后一圈时被几名选手超出，最终获得了第九名。
lap of honour UK (US victory lap)
■a journey around a track or sports field that is made by a winner of a race or a team that has won a game （赢得比赛胜利后的）绕场庆祝
[læp] noun
in the lap of luxury
■living in very comfortable conditions because you have a lot of money 生活优裕，养尊处优
[læp] noun
in the lap of the gods UK
■describes a situation that cannot be controlled and which depends only on good luck 全靠运气，碰运气，听天由命
• The doctors have done everything possible for him, so his recovery now is in the lap of the gods. 医生已为他尽了全力，能否恢复现在就全靠运气了。
[læp] verb (-pp-)
RACING 赛跑
transitive
■to go past someone in a race who has been round the track one less time than you （在赛跑中）领先一圈（或数圈）
• He finished last after being lapped twice by the leading runners. 他最后一个到达终点，被领先的选手落下了整整两圈。
intransitive
■to make one complete journey around a track 跑完一圈
[læp] verb (-pp-)
DRINK 喝
transitive
■(of an animal) to drink a liquid by taking it in small amounts into the mouth with a lot of short quick movements of the tongue （动物）舔食，舔着喝
[læp] verb (-pp-)
HIT GENTLY 轻打
intransitive or transitive
■(of waves) to hit something gently, producing quiet sounds （波浪）轻轻地拍击，轻轻地敲打
• The water lapped against the side of the pool. 水轻轻地拍打着水池的池壁。
• The waves gently lapped the shore. 波浪轻轻地拍打着海岸。
[læp] verb (-pp-)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] lap sth up
■to enjoy something very much 非常喜欢；乐于接受
• We walked around the city, lapping up the atmosphere. 我们在市内漫步，欣喜地欣赏着周围的一切。
• Everyone clapped and cheered and you could see he was lapping it up. 大家都在鼓掌欢呼，可以看出他对此感到非常受用。
n. 一圈；膝盖；下摆；山坳
 - circuit, knee
vt. 使重叠；拍打；包围
 - invest, case, wash
vi. 重叠；轻拍；围住
 - tap, close in on

Word: incite
Front: incite
[ɪnˈsaɪt] (托雅宝 11352/15494 -1)
Vocabulary: incite
(once / 1083 pages)
v
To incite is to cause to act or occur. Violent words can incite violent actions which, in turn, might incite public outcry against violence.
Incite comes from a Latin verb meaning "to move into action" and if you incite someone to do something, that is exactly how to describe it. Usually it is used in a negative context. Radical and intolerant teachings can incite hatred in those who listen. And if a government restricts its people too much, it can incite unrest and rebellion in the population.
WORD FAMILY
incite: incitation, incited, incitement, inciter, incites, inciting, incitive+/incitation: incitations/incitement: incitements/inciter: inciters
USAGE EXAMPLES
The president did not speak from fear or seek to incite it.
Salon(Dec 26, 2016)
On the Friday 23 December police confirmed they were investigating prominent Christian rights lawyer Jiang Tianyong on suspicion of “inciting subversion of state power”.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
But according to Saleh, the camera was there not to incite but to document the events as they unfolded.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vt. 刺激; 激励; 煽动; 促使
时态：incited, inciting, incites
分布：煽动(69%)，刺激(18%)，激励(13%)
→in-,进入，使，-cit,移动，运动，召唤，词源同cite,excite,cinema.引申词义煽动，刺激。
鼓励,[cit=quote,call,表示"引用,唤起"]
【记】in进入，cite剌激，唤起－唤起情绪－煽动被incite就会excite
【参】excite（vt 刺激；使兴奋）；recite（v 背诵；朗读）
【反】pacify（vt 使平静；安慰；抚慰）；incitant（adj 刺激的）－insensible（adj 无知觉的）
verb transitive
■to encourage someone to do or feel something unpleasant or violent 鼓动；煽动
• She incited racial hatred by distributing anti-Semitic leaflets. 她派发反犹太传单煽动种族仇恨。
• [+ to infinitive] She was expelled for inciting her classmates to rebel against their teachers. 她因煽动同学反对老师而被开除。
• They denied inciting the crowd to violence. 他们否认煽动群众闹事。
vt. 煽动；激励；刺激
 - fan, stimulate, egg, power

Word: intrusive
Front: intrusive
[ɪnˈtru:sɪv] (研 10964/13843 -1)
Vocabulary: intrusive
(once / 4198 pages)
1adj 2adj 3adj
Something intrusive is getting in your face or invading your space. Nosey questions, a poke in the ribs, and a hovering mother are all intrusive.
Things that are intrusive are a real pain in the neck: they intrude on you. If someone asks you a million questions, especially personal questions, that's intrusive behavior. When photographers hound celebrities, they're being intrusive. If a rock is sticking out and getting in people's way, then it's intrusive. All meanings of intrusive involve something being where it doesn't belong.
WORD FAMILY
intrusive: intrusively, intrusiveness, unintrusive+/ intrude: intruded, intruder, intrudes, intruding, intrusion, intrusive / intruder: intruders/ intrusion: intrusions/unintrusive: unintrusively
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s gratingly intrusive when it tries to keep you busy, and transcendentally comforting when it settles for just keeping you company.
Washington Post(Dec 12, 2016)
But while the hacking focused attention on one particularly stealthy, intrusive way of influencing other states, it is just one lever that the Kremlin pulls.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
In 1986, for instance, when he testified before Congress, he called the Voting Rights Act “intrusive” but “necessary.”
Washington Post(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: adj. 闯入的，打扰的; 侵入的
分布：侵入的(75%)，打搅的(25%)
→来自intrude,侵入，侵犯。
adjective
■affecting someone or something in an annoying, disturbing and unwanted way 打搅的；侵扰的
• intrusive questioning 唐突的盘问
• intrusive lighting 扰人的照明
adj. [岩] 侵入的；打扰的
 - instrusive, incursive

Word: indoor
Front: indoor
[ˈɪndɔ:(r)] (研四六 6107/6165 -K2)
Vocabulary: indoor
(once / 2498 pages)
adj
Use the adjective indoor to describe something that happens or is used inside a building or house. Your indoor furniture is probably a little fancier than your plastic outdoor furniture.
Indoor sports are the ones you play inside, like ping pong and floor hockey — beach volleyball is not an indoor sport. Your indoor voice is likewise the one you use in your house or classroom, a quieter voice than when you holler across a parking lot to your friend in his convertible. Indoor, which has been used since the 18th century, is a shortened form of the phrase within door.
WORD FAMILY
indoor
USAGE EXAMPLES
Generally, it’s best to avoid plants that are typically grown outdoors for your indoor spaces.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 01, 2017)
I first met Rosenberg at an international conference on indoor agriculture held at a theatre in Manhattan.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Indoor cycling requires constant pedaling while there is some coasting outdoors.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 室内的，户内的; 在室内使用的; 待在家里的; 救济院内的
分布：室内的(77%)，户内的(23%)
→in,在里，在内，door,门。
户内的(in+door门→门内的)[im-,in-①表示"不,无,非"②表示"向内,进入"]
a.室内的,户内的Table tennis is an indoor game.乒乓球是室内运动项目.
US [-'dɔ:r] adjective [before noun]
 ADVANCED
■happening, used or situated inside a building 室内的，户内的
• indoor sports/activities 室内运动／活动
• an indoor racetrack/swimming pool 室内跑道／游泳池
Opposite outdoor
adj. 室内的，户内的
 - chamber, endocellular

Word: neutrality
Front: neutrality
[nju:ˈtræləti] (12204/9055)
Vocabulary: neutrality
(once / 1019 pages)
1n 2n
If you refuse to take sides in an argument over whether Batman or Superman is the greatest superhero, then you are practicing neutrality. Whether you admire both equally or you simply don’t care, you are a neutral party.
Neutrality can be used broadly to describe individuals or organizations in relationship to any kind of dispute, but it most often refers to countries that don’t engage in war. For example, Sweden has a long and famous tradition of neutrality, as it has not gone to war since 1814. Referees for sporting events are also supposed to work from a position of neutrality — that is, they should never favor one team over another.
WORD FAMILY
neutrality: neutralities+/ neutral: neutral-colored, neutralise, neutralism, neutralize, neutrally, neutrals/neutralise: neutralisation, neutralised, neutralises, neutralising/neutralism: neutralist/neutralist: neutralists, neutrality / neutralize: neutralization, neutralized, neutralizes, neutralizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
It permits us, with a marvellous neutrality, and later it may permit artificial intelligence, humanity 2.0, or a lot more bugs instead.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
For now, we should pursue an alternative security arrangement and accept neutrality as our near-term vision for the future.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
The Dutch net neutrality law unambiguously forbids the practice, but European Union rules are less clear.
Reuters(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 中立，中立地位; <化>中性
分布：中立(100%)
US [nu:'træl.ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
■a neutral position, especially in a war （尤指战时的）中立状态
• Sweden isn't likely ever to abandon its traditional neutrality. 瑞典永远不可能放弃其传统的中立立场。
• The Queen has maintained political neutrality throughout her reign. 女王在位期间，政治上一直保持中立。
n. 中立；中性；中立立场
 - fence-sitter, indifference

Word: sinai
Front: sinai
[ˈsaɪˌnaɪ] (-/23542)
Back: abbr. Sinai Peninsula 西奈山（基督教<圣经>中记载的上帝授摩西十诫之处）

Word: tuberculosis
Front: tuberculosis
[tju:ˌbɜ:kjuˈləʊsɪs] (六 9082/10548 -1)
Vocabulary: tuberculosis
(once / 2374 pages)
n
Tuberculosis is a contagious and deadly disease. It mainly affects the lungs, but it can spread to the rest of the body. When a character from 19th century literature coughs into a blood-speckled hanky, tuberculosis is often to blame.
Tuberculosis — often called TB — is a serious disease that is now rare. Whew. When someone catches tuberculosis, which is transmitted by tubercle-bacillus through the air, lesions called tubercles grow in the lungs, causing serious health problems. If not treated, the disease can spread throughout the body. TB shows up in a lot of old literature and operas – the Romantic poet John Keats wrote poems about TB and died at age 25 from the disease.
WORD FAMILY
tuberculosis
USAGE EXAMPLES
His father was dead, he said, and he was separated from his mother after contracting tuberculosis.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The Ifakara Health Institute - which specialises in treatments for malaria, HIV, tuberculosis as well as neonatal health issues - will be the local partner.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
“It’s just like watching someone gradually develop tuberculosis,” he says.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 肺结核; [医]结核病; 痨; 痨病
分布：肺结核(100%)
→tubercle,肺结核结节，-osis,表疾病。引申词义结核病。
US [tu:ˌbɝ:.kjə'loʊ-] (abbreviation TB)
noun uncountable
■a serious disease which is infectious and can attack many parts of a person's body, especially their lungs 结核病；（尤指）肺结核
n. [内科] 肺结核；结核病
 - phthisis

Word: circus
Front: circus
[ˈsɜ:kəs] (高研六雅 6045/6391 -2)
Vocabulary: circus
(once / 1090 pages)
1n 2n
A circus is a group of many different performers, often including clowns, trapeze artists, and animal trainers. When the circus comes to town, you'll see a big, striped tent being set up for the show.
The ringmaster of a circus has historically been a kind of narrator, calling for the audience's attention and announcing different entertainers. Traditional circuses have performing animals, clowns, and acrobats, while more contemporary circuses combine elements of theater, dance, acrobatics, and music. You can also use circus to mean "noisy, confused activity." In Latin, the word circus means "ring," and the Romans used it to describe the arenas in which performances took place.
WORD FAMILY
circus: circuses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mozart was working in a theater and writing songs for a company that was almost like a circus when he wrote “The Magic Flute.”
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
He wrests back the Oval Office from the left-leaning circus that is our creative class.
Salon(Dec 29, 2016)
He also was responsible for four turnovers in a circus game that bordered on the absurd.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 马戏，马戏团; 马戏表演（常在大帐篷里进行）; 环形广场，（用于某些地名）圆形广场; <口>乱哄哄的热闹场面
分布：马戏团(87%)，马戏表演(11%)，竞技场(1%)，广场(1%)
→来自sker,转，围，圈，词源同ring,circle.原指古罗马圆形斗牛场，后指马戏团。
马戏团;圆形广场[circ,cycl=ring,circle,表示"圆,环"]
n.马戏团,杂技团;马戏场,杂技场In no circumstances can the bicycle in the circle of the circus be a focus.马戏表演圈子中的自行车决不会成为焦点.
US ['sɝ:-] noun
ENTERTAINMENT 娱乐
 ADVANCED countable or only singular
■a group of travelling performers including acrobats (= people skilled in difficult physical movements) or those who work with trained animals, or a performance by such people usually in a large tent 马戏团；马戏演员；马戏表演
• She ran away to join the circus. 她离家出走参加了马戏团。
• The horses trotted into the circus ring (= the large circle, with seats all round, in which a circus performs). 马小跑着进入圆形马戏场。
• The children loved being taken to the circus. 孩子喜欢大人带他们去看马戏表演。
only singular disapproving
■a lot of activity and interest caused by an event or situation 闹哄哄的情形；热闹的场面
• the media circus surrounding the case 围绕这案件沸沸扬扬的媒体报道
UK ['sɜ:.kəs] US ['sɝ:-] noun
ROAD 道路
countable UK
■an open circular area where several roads join （数条道路交汇的）圆形广场
• Piccadilly Circus 皮卡迪利广场
• Oxford Circus 牛津广场
n. 马戏；马戏团
 - Circus Troupe, Circus Charlie

Word: accustom
Front: accustom
[əˈkʌstəm] (研四六托 7584/14055 -1)
Vocabulary: accustom
(once / 132 pages)
v
The verb accustom means to become used to or familiar with something; to make something a habit. If there is a new baby in your family, you will most likely become accustomed to changing diapers.
Although the verb accustom looks like it should be related to the word custom, it actually comes through costume, through the Old French acostumer, with à, meaning "to," and costume, meaning "fashion or habit." Now it retains the meaning to make something a habit. You can accustom yourself to loud sirens if you live in a city or to the sound of crickets if you live in the country. Parents often cannot become accustomed to the musical taste of their kids.
WORD FAMILY
accustom: accustomed, accustoming, accustoms+/ accustomed: accustomedly, unaccustomed / unaccustomed: unaccustomedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the past few decades, we’ve grown accustomed to holding corporations responsible for their labor practices and environmental records.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Does that mean your primary objection is no longer to the “chaos, poor behavior and pretty rough playing that the other kids are accustomed to?”
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
That is a tall order for Justice Department lawyers who are more accustomed to hunting down bad characters than to setting up offshore charities.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 使习惯
时态：accustomed, accustoming, accustoms
分布：使习惯(100%)
→前缀ac-同ad-. custom, 习惯,来自法语，来自拉丁语*consuetumen, 自身养成的。前缀con-,加强。词根sue, 我，同self,自身。
使习惯(ac+custom习俗→习惯习俗)[ab-,ac-,ad-,af-,ag-,an-,ap-,ar-,as-,at-等加在同辅音字母的词根前,表示"一再"等加强意]
使习惯(ac使+custom→使习惯)[custom=habit,表示"习惯"]
verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [R] accustom yourself to sth
■to make yourself familiar with new conditions 使习惯于
• It'll take time for me to accustom myself to the changes. 我要一段时间后才能适应这些变化。
vt. 使习惯于
 - habituate

Word: proton
Front: proton
[ˈprəʊtɒn] (六 12172/10937 -1)
Vocabulary: proton
(once / 9712 pages)
n
Atoms are made up of three main particles: protons, electrons, and neutrons. A proton has a positive electrical charge, while electrons are negative. The number of protons and electrons is equal in each atom.
The atomic number of an element, which is the number in the upper left corner of its box on the periodic table, is the number of protons in each atom. The hydrogen atom, for example, has just one proton, so it also has one electron and its atomic number is 1. If you have an atom with two protons in its nucleus, you know it can't be a hydrogen atom.
WORD FAMILY
proton: antiproton, protons+/antiproton: antiprotons
USAGE EXAMPLES
A proton and an electron will pull toward each other, while two electrons will repel each other.
Time(Dec 15, 2016)
Firing your particle thrower wraps a stream of protons around them, just like in the movie.
Seattle Times(Nov 18, 2016)
Even the proton streams from the Ghostbusters equipment danced into the black bars eliciting a slight gasp from audience members.
Washington Times(Nov 04, 2016)
Back: n. [物]质子
分布：质子(100%)
→proto-,原始的，最早的，-on,物理名词后缀，来自electron.
质子(prot第一＋on)[-on表名词,指人,物和一些物理学上的名词]
US ['proʊ.tˌɑ:n] noun countable
■a type of elementary particle (= very small piece of matter) which has a positive electrical charge and is found in the nucleus of all atoms 质子 Compare electron ; neutron
n. [物] 质子
 - merron, uron

Word: discard
Front: discard
[dɪsˈkɑ:d] (研四六托雅宝 5416/5943 -2)
Vocabulary: discard
(once / 714 pages)
nv
When you discard something, you get rid of it. If your closet is overflowing with clothes you haven't worn since 1992, why not discard some of them?
When the verb discard first entered the English language in the sixteenth century, it referred to card playing and meant “to throw a card away.” Discard is still used to describe getting rid of unlucky cards, but today, you’ll also hear it used in a broader sense — we discard, or throw away, things that are undesirable or no longer useful. You might discard a worn out shoe, for example.
WORD FAMILY
discard: discarded, discarding, discards
USAGE EXAMPLES
If his former England striker was, once again, Moyes’s saviour, Liverpool’s Sadio Mané discarded two points with a ludicrous handball.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Discarded plastic bottles containing meth-making residue are dangerous to handle.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The reality is closer to the latter: The Baltimore artist depicts discarded plants, left to wither.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 丢弃，抛弃; 解雇; 出牌
n. 被抛弃的人[物]; 丢弃，抛弃; 打出的牌; 打出的牌
vi. 出无用的牌; 垫牌
时态：discarded, discarding, discards
分布：抛弃(48%)，丢弃(46%)，丢牌(5%)，废牌(1%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。card, 卡片，牌。即丢牌，引申义丢弃。
丢弃,抛弃(dis+card扔→扔出去)[dis-①表示"不,消失掉"②表示"分开,分离"]
放弃,抛弃(dis去掉+card+把[废纸]扔掉→抛弃)[card,chart=paper表示"纸片"]
vt.丢弃,抛弃,遗弃I can hardly pardon his discarding the hardware and cardboard in the harbour.我简直不能原谅他在港口丢弃五金和硬纸板.
【记】dis消除，card牌：原指垫牌－出一张花色不同于先前牌的牌（除了王牌）
【反】retain（vt 保持；保留）
US [-'skɑ:rd] verb
transitive
■to throw something away or get rid of it because you no longer want or need it 抛弃，扔掉
• Discarded food containers and bottles littered the streets. 街上到处都是被丢弃的食品包装和瓶子。
intransitive or transitive
■to get rid of a card you are holding during a card game 出（牌）
UK [dɪ'skɑ:d] US [-'skɑ:rd] noun countable
■in a card game, a card that you have got rid of 出掉的牌
shed, scrap, discard
这组词都有“抛弃、丢弃”的意思，其区别是：
shed: 指毛发、皮肤、叶等经过某种自然的过程而脱落。
scrap: 指抛弃过时不再有用的东西。
discard: 指把具体的东西抛掉不要，着重扔、丢的动作。
missing, discard, ignore
missing: 错过
discard: 舍弃
ignore: 忽视
preclude, discard, abandon, eliminate, abolish, dismiss
preclude: 排除
discard: 丢弃，抛弃（可指人也可指物）
abandon: 放弃（某物）
eliminate: 消除，淘汰
abolish: （依法）废除
dismiss: 解雇
vt. 抛弃；放弃；丢弃
 - yield, desert, quit
vi. 放弃
 - fall out of, render up, to renounce, to abandon, to give up
n. 抛弃；被丢弃的东西或人
 - rejection, abandonment

Word: provisional
Front: provisional
[prəˈvɪʒənl] (雅宝 10847/6164 -2)
Vocabulary: provisional
(once / 1188 pages)
adj
Something provisional is temporary, in the sense that it's only valid for a while. You'll often hear provisional used to describe things such as governments, elections, contracts, and agreements, all of which can change into something permanent.
People who go camping take provisions, which means supplies for the trip. This can be helpful when you're trying to use provisional properly. Remember that those provisions are, well, provisional—they're only supposed to last until the campers get home, where the real food is waiting. If you're in a rush to start filming, you might consider giving your star a provisional contract, so that you can at least get started. You'll have time to replace the provisional one with a permanent one while you film.
WORD FAMILY
provisional: provisionally +/improvidence: improvidences/ improvident: improvidence, improvidently/ provide: provided, provident, provider, provides, providing, provision / providence: providences, providential / provident: improvident, providence, providently/ providential: providentially/ provider: providers/ provision: provisional, provisionary, provisioned, provisioner, provisioning, provisions /provisioner: provisioners
USAGE EXAMPLES
Provisional estimates from the department for transport showed that between 200 and 290 people were killed in drink-drive accidents on Britain's roads last year.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Thousands of absentee and provisional ballots remained to be counted.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Kellogg served in the Army from 1967 to 2003 and after his retirement was chief operations officer for the Coalition Provisional Authority in Iraq.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 暂时的，临时的; 暂定的
n. 临时性; 临时人员
分布：暂时的(61%)，临时性(29%)，临时人员(10%)
→来自provision,供给，供养。引申词义临时的，暂时的。
临时的;备用的(准备好粮食备用)[vis,vid=see表示"看"]
【记】pro前，vision（n 视力；幻想），al：前面的幻想是临时的。
【反】definitive（adj 最后确定的）
adjective
■for the present time but likely to change; temporary 临时的，暂时的
• a provisional government 临时政府
• These dates are only provisional. 这些日期只是暂定的。
adj. 临时的，暂时的；暂定的
 - temporary, extraordinary, interim, odd, occasional

Word: hamlet
Front: hamlet
[ˈhæmlət] (托 9947/7917 -1)
Vocabulary: hamlet
(once / 1674 pages)
n
That small settlement you pass through along a country road is not just a cluster of houses. It’s a hamlet.
You may be familiar with Shakespeare’s famous play describing the plight of the doomed prince Hamlet. Remember the meaning of the common noun hamlet this way: Picture an alternate Hamlet cheerfully living in a small village in the country (a hamlet), without family tension or the need to avenge his father. Does that help?
WORD FAMILY
hamlet: hamlets
USAGE EXAMPLES
Friday near the hamlet of Dover Plains in Dutchess County.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
If a hamlet detracted from his composition, he moved it.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Some nearby hamlets are abandoned because residents decamped in fear.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. 村子; 〈英〉（无教堂的）小村庄; 〈比喻〉优柔寡断的人; 哈姆雷特
分布：小村(76%)，哈姆雷特(18%)，部落(6%)
→ham-,即home,家，家园，村庄，-let,小词后缀。见Beckham.
noun countable
■a small village, usually without a church （通常没有教堂的）小村庄
n. 小村庄
 - thorp, clachan

Word: alleviate
Front: alleviate
[əˈli:vieɪt] (研六托雅宝 7531/7706 -1)
Vocabulary: alleviate
(once / 1511 pages)
v
Do all these words make your head ache? If so, take an aspirin to alleviate, or relieve, your pain.
The verb, alleviate, stems from the Latin root, levis "light" and is related to modern English words such as elevator and levitate — both words implying a lightening of one's load. Alleviate also has this sense of lightening a burden such as physical pain or emotional duress. You can take medicine to alleviate symptoms or do exercise to alleviate stress. Or if you want a bigger challenge: try alleviating traffic congestion or world hunger.
WORD FAMILY
alleviate: alleviated, alleviates, alleviating, alleviation, alleviative, alleviator+/alleviation: alleviations/alleviator: alleviators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Gov. Ricardo Rossello, 37, proposed several measures aimed at alleviating the crisis shortly after he was sworn in at midnight.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
And is seen as crucial to alleviating congestion in the nation’s biggest subway system.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
In the long term, the medical school will also help alleviate the physician shortage in the area, Smith said.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 减轻，缓和
时态：alleviated, alleviating, alleviates
分布：减轻(99%)，使 ... 缓和(1%)
→前缀al-同ad-. 词根lev, 轻，同lever, light.
减轻;缓和(al一再＋levi+ate→不断轻→减轻)[lev,live=raise,lighten,表示"提高,举起,变轻"]
v.减轻,缓和,缓解(痛苦等)Deviation in aviation is dangerous. Writing is alleviated via bias on abbreviation.在航空过程中的不符合是危险的.写被关于缩写通过偏见减轻.
【记】1）al一再，lev轻－减轻2）源于relieve（vt 减轻，解除）
【参】levity（n 轻率）；elevate（vt 举起，升高）
【反】exacerbate（vt 恶化）
[ə'li:.vi.eɪt] formal
verb transitive
■to make something bad such as pain or problems less severe 减轻；缓和，缓解
• The drugs did nothing to alleviate her pain/suffering. 这些药物对减轻她的病痛／痛苦没有丝毫作用。
diminish, decline, alleviate, decrease, reduce
这组词都有“减少，减轻”的意思，其区别是：
diminish: v.指因为不断消耗，在数量方面缓慢减少，也指在素质或者价值的下降。
 • The supply of oil has diminished because of the war.   由于战争石油的供应减少了。
decline: v. (数目、价格、比率)下降；谢绝，婉言推辞；衰退，衰落。
 • Last year, the crime rate in Chicago has sharply declined.   去年芝加哥的犯罪率明显下降。
 • He declined our invitation to dinner.   他婉拒了我们请他吃饭的邀请。
alleviate: v.在痛苦方面的减轻，缓和
 • The painkiller alleviated the pain.   止疼药减缓了疼痛。
decrease: v.指数量上的减少；力量或者强度的减弱。
 • The population decreased a lot last year.   去年人口数量急剧下降。
reduce: v.指人为地使某物在数量或重量方面的减少或降低。
 • He reduced the amount of money they could spend.   他缩减了他们的开销。
degrade, underestimate, alleviate, minimize
degrade: 使降级，降低价值，降解，堕落
underestimate: 低估，看低
alleviate: 减少，主要指将（痛苦等）减轻；
minimize: 最小化，将……减到最小
vt. 减轻，缓和
 - moderate, relax

Word: spurn
Front: spurn
[spɜ:n] (宝 15240/14098 -1)
Vocabulary: spurn
(once / 1521 pages)
v
If you reject your mother's offer to buy you a pair of lederhosen with a snort and eye roll, you are spurning her generosity. To spurn means to reject with disdain.
Originally, to spurn was to kick away. Though it's not used in that context so often anymore, being spurned still feels like a kick in the gut. You can reject someone kindly, or let them down easily, but you can't spurn someone with anything but malice.
WORD FAMILY
spurn: spurned, spurner, spurning, spurns+/spurner: spurners
USAGE EXAMPLES
Spurning the American tendency to treat every ailment with medication, he instead explored the body’s ability to heal itself.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Any food I put cod liver oil on seems to be spurned as well.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Dr. Ditzler spurned his predecessor’s house outside of town and moved into a place across the traditional dividing line between the school and city.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: vt. 蔑视; 唾弃; 轻视地踏或踢
vi. 轻视地拒绝某物
n. 轻视的拒绝; 踢开
时态：spurned, spurning, spurns
分布：摒弃(67%)，轻蔑地拒绝(33%)
→来自古英语 spurnan,踢开，词源同 spur,马刺，鞭刺。引申比喻义拒绝，回绝。
【参】spur（v 激励；n 踢马刺）有反义关系
【反】welcome willingly（主动欢迎）；court（v 献殷勤）；crave（v 恳求；渴望）；embrace（v 拥抱）；guard（v 守卫）
US [spɝ:n] slightly formal
verb transitive
■to refuse to accept something or someone because you feel that they are not worth having 轻蔑地拒绝；摒弃
• She spurned my offers of help. 她断然拒绝了我的帮助。
• Ellis plays the part of the young lover spurned by his mistress. 艾理斯扮演被情妇抛弃的年轻人。
vt. 唾弃；冷落；一脚踢开
 - conspue, absent treatment
vi. 摒弃；藐视
 - do without, think scorn of
n. 藐视，摒弃；踢开
 - disdainfulness

Word: affection
Front: affection
[əˈfekʃn] (高研四六托雅宝 5137/4103 -K2)
Vocabulary: affection
(once / 98 pages)
n
Affection is the positive feeling you may have or express for other people or things. Your grandma may show her affection for you by pinching your cheek, and you may show your affection for your dog by rubbing her belly.
Not everybody is good at showing affection to their loved ones, like old-school dads or tough guys in action movies. If people don't get enough affection, they crave it, and will go to great lengths to get it. You might say that affection is what Luke wanted from Darth Vader all along, in Star Wars.
WORD FAMILY
affection: affections
USAGE EXAMPLES
Experts cite a number of reasons for the Swiss affection for cash.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
From the outset, therefore, self-interest rather than affection governed Israel’s attitude toward the United States.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
Lucia is the daughter of novelist James, a black hole who swallows both the world’s attention and domestic affection in industrial quantities.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 喜爱，慈爱; 情感或感情; 意向; 疾病，病情
分布：感情(47%)，影响(26%)，喜爱(16%)，慈爱(11%)
感情;友情(affect+ion→感动→感情)[fac,fact,fect,fic,fig=make,do,表示"做,制作"]
n.爱,喜爱;爱慕之情;感情;疾病,不适His affection for the defects is affected by the infectious perfect effect.他对缺点的钟爱受到具有感染力的完美效果的影响.
【反】antipathy（n 憎恶；反感）
noun
 ADVANCED countable or uncountable
■a feeling of liking for a person or place 喜爱；钟爱；挚爱
• He had a deep affection for his aunt. 他非常喜爱他的姑妈。
• She felt no affection for the child. 她一点都不疼爱这个孩子。
affections [plural]
■feelings of liking or love 钟爱之情，爱慕；爱情
• The former president still holds a place in the nation's affections. 前总统仍深得全国人民的爱戴。
• Sula seems to have transferred her affections from Jon to his brother. 苏拉好像移情别恋了，不再爱乔恩，而喜欢上了他的弟弟。
win sb's affections
■to succeed in persuading someone to love you 赢得（某人的）爱
affection, love, attachment
这些名词均含“爱、热爱”之意。
affection: 指对人的爱慕或深厚、温柔的感情，侧重感情的深沉。
love: 比affection的语气更强。表示一种难以控制的激情。
attachment: 通常用于书面文字中，既可指对某人某物的喜欢，又可指出自理智对某人或某物的热爱，尤指长时间的爱。
sentiment, affection, feeling, passion, emotion
这组词都有“感情”的意思，其区别是：
sentiment: 一般指由一种思想激起的感情，含较大的理智因素。
affection: 指对人的爱慕或深厚、温柔的感情。
feeling: 普通用词，含义广。多指具体的或内心的感受，或表露出来的强烈情感。
passion: 指极强烈的感情、尤指愤怒、爱好等。也常指两性间的爱情。
emotion: 普通用词，词义中性。泛指因外界刺激而引起思想情感从细微变化到最强烈的发作。
n. 喜爱， [心理] 感情；影响；感染
 - infection, impression, favor, effect, influence

Word: exemption
Front: exemption
[ɪgˈzempʃn] (托 7116/4881)
Vocabulary: exemption
(once / 1468 pages)
n
When you get an exemption, you don't have to do something. In the sixties, some people got exemptions from military service during the Vietnam War.
We don't often think of being left out as a good thing, but when you use the word exemption, you mean that someone has been excluded in a positive way. Children are exemptions, or deductions, on tax forms; the more children you have the less taxes you pay. Some non-profits are tax-exempt; their exemption means they pay no taxes at all. Exemptions also spare people from fighting in wars and doing some jobs. An exemption gets you off the hook.
WORD FAMILY
exemption: exemptions+/ exempt: exempted, exempting, exemption, exempts, nonexempt
USAGE EXAMPLES
We should allow exemptions from vaccines only for valid medical reasons.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The regulation contains no exemptions for health care providers with religious beliefs.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
But some species are not eligible for this exemption and not all countries recognize it.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. （义务等的）免除; 免（税）; （收入中的）免税额
分布：名词(100%)
免除,豁免(exempt+ion)[em,empt,ampl=take,procure,表示"拿,获得"]
ADJ
被免除的;被豁免的
If someone or something is exempt from a particular rule, duty, or obligation, they do not have to follow it or do it.
例：Men in college were exempt from military service...大学在校男生免服兵役。
例：Children under two years are exempt.两岁以下儿童免票。
VERB
免除;豁免
To exempt a person or thing from a particular rule, duty, or obligation means to state officially that they are not bound or affected by it.
例：South Carolina claimed the power to exempt its citizens from the obligation to obey federal law...南卡罗来纳州声称有权力免除该州公民遵守联邦法规的义务。
例：Companies with fifty-five or fewer employees would be exempted from the requirements.员工在55人及以下的公司将免除这些条件。
n. 免除，豁免； [税收] 免税
 - exoneration, excusal

Word: eccentric
Front: eccentric
[ɪkˈsentrɪk] (研六托雅宝 8531/7670 -2)
Vocabulary: eccentric
(once / 558 pages)
1adjn 2adj
You're most likely to encounter the adjective eccentric in a description of an unusual or quirky person — like a scatterbrained aunt who leaves her life savings to her cat.
From the Greek ekkentros, "out of the center," this word originally had to do with the orbits of planets that were observed to be slightly out of whack. Eventually it came to describe people who were a little kooky, both as an adjective and as a noun, too: an eccentric is an unconventional, odd person. Think of them as following a slightly different orbit from the rest of society.
WORD FAMILY
eccentric: eccentrically, eccentricity, eccentricly, eccentrics+/ eccentricity: eccentricities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Razor Girl, full of eccentric characters, mistaken identities, coincidences and farce, follows a similar format.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Williams is famous for her short stories, which are full of strange, witty, fabulous, and often eccentric turns of phrase.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
During the day, she borders on eccentric, painting everything in their house shades of black and white.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 古怪的，异常的; 偏离轨道的; 离心的
n. 古怪的人; [物]偏心轮
分布：古怪的(70%)，怪人(21%)，反常的(6%)，不同圆心的(3%)
→ec-, 向外，同ex-. center, 中心。原为天文学术语，远离轨道的，后指人古怪。
a.古怪的,怪癖的,异乎寻常的n.古怪的人The old man has some eccentric habits.这位老人有一些古怪习惯.
【记】ec出，centri中心一出中心一古怪的；离心的
【参】centrifuge（n 离心分离机）；concentrate（v 集中）eccentricity（n 偏心；古怪）
adjective
STRANGE 奇怪的
■strange or unusual, sometimes in a humorous way 怪异的，古怪的；异乎寻常的
• eccentric behaviour 怪异的行为
• eccentric clothes 奇装异服
[ek'sen.trɪk] adjective
NOT CIRCULAR 不圆的 specialized
■not perfectly circular （圆）不同圆心的，不正圆的
[ek'sen.trɪk] noun countable
■someone who behaves in an eccentric way 行为古怪的人
• My mother's a bit of an eccentric. 我妈妈有点古怪。
eccentric, peculiar, strange, queer, curious, crazy, funny, odd, singular, quaint
这组词都有“奇怪的，奇异的，新奇的”的意思，其区别是：
eccentric: 指偏离常规的怪异或怪癖。
peculiar: 侧重令人奇怪的或独一无二的特性，也指性格特征方面显著的与众不同之处。
strange: 普通常用词，含义广泛，指陌生新奇、奇怪、奇怪或不自然的人或物。
queer: 指一种无法解释的怪诞，强调事物的奇特和不可思议。
curious: 通常指非常特别或能引起注意、研究或探索的奇特。
crazy: 多指与众不同的行为、外表或人与物本身，含荒唐可笑或神经不正常的意味。
funny: 较通俗用词，指奇怪得滑稽可笑或反常。
odd: 通常指不规律、偶尔出现的人或事物，往往令人困惑或奇怪。
singular: 通常指异常或奇特，暗含不同于一般。
quaint: 指古色古香，会人感到既奇怪又有趣。
adj. 古怪的，反常的
 - abnormal, odd, curious
n. 古怪的人
 - fantastic, weirdo

Word: ego
Front: ego
[ˈi:gəʊ] (研六雅 4775/5737 -2)
Vocabulary: ego
(once / 503 pages)
1n 2n
Your ego is your conscious mind, the part of your identity that you consider your "self." If you say someone has "a big ego," then you are saying he is too full of himself.
Poor ego, it gets such a bad rap, being so often confused with "megalomania" and "vanity" and all kinds of other nasty things, but strictly speaking it is only a psychological term popularized by Freud meaning the conscious (as opposed to the unconscious) mind, or the awareness of one's own identity and existence. Nothing wrong in that, is there?
WORD FAMILY
ego: egoism, egos, egotism, superego +/ egoism: egoisms, egoist, egoistic /egoist: egoists/ egoistic: egoistical, egoistically/ egotism: egotisms, egotist, egotistic / egotist: egotistical, egotists/ egotistic: egotistically/ superego: superegos
USAGE EXAMPLES
The ego was there a long time ago.”
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
“He did an extraordinary job in managing egos.”
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
In one drawing, Vavoom — a Pettibon alter ego — quotes Henry James: “Remember that among the disinherited there’s a mystic language.”
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 自我; 自负; 自尊心; 自我意识
分布：自我(82%)，自负(10%)，自尊心(8%)
→来自拉丁文，英语I的原型。
n.自我,自负,利已主义;(心理学)自我意识I'm baffled why the affiliated man initiated the negotiator into ego.被附属于的人为什么正式介绍谈判者进自我,我被困惑.
US ['i:.goʊ] (plural egos)
noun countable mainly disapproving
■your idea or opinion of yourself, or a great feeling of your own importance and ability 自我评价；自我中心；自负；自尊心
• That man has such an enormous ego - I've never known anyone so full of themselves! 那个人自负得要命——我从来没有见过这么目中无人的人。
• I'm glad she got the job - she needed something to boost/bolster her ego (= give her confidence). 我很高兴她得到了这份工作——她太需要点甚么来增强她的信心了。
⇒ See also alter ego;superego specialized
■in psychoanalysis , the part of a person's mind which tries to match the hidden desires (= wishes) of the id (= part of the unconscious mind) with the demands of reality （心理分析上的）自我
n. [心理] 自我；自负；自我意识
 - me, self

Word: gateway
Front: gateway
[ˈgeɪtweɪ] (10019/6462 -1)
Vocabulary: gateway
(once / 824 pages)
n
A gateway is an opening or entrance of a gate that swings open and shut. People also use the word gateway to describe the entryway into anything, like school could be your gateway to opportunity. Study hard.
Gateways are similar to doorways, with the obvious difference being the gate that you open to pass through, rather than a door. You can also use this word in a figurative way, to mean "entrance," or "means of access." For example, you could say, "That huge bank building is the gateway to the city's financial district," or "Delhi is the gateway to South Asia."
WORD FAMILY
gateway: gateways
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Parikh said mobile parking payments are “a gateway” to other payment providers.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
The biggest transportation program announced this year is a $1.4 billion set of road and rail projects the Virginia government calls “Atlantic Gateway.”
Washington Post(Dec 24, 2016)
Finnish-American architect Eero Saarinen, famed for his Gateway Arch in St. Louis, is profiled on the season finale of “American Masters.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 门; 入口; 途径
分布：门(91%)，通路(9%)
noun countable
■an entrance through a wall, fence, etc. where there is a gate （围墙或篱笆等的）出入口
gateway to somewhere
■a place through which you have to go to get to a particular area （通往…的）通道；门户
• Manchester is known as the gateway to the north. 曼彻斯特被称作通往英格兰北部的门户。
n. [建] 门； [计] 网关；方法；通道；途径
 - door, system, mechanism, method, approach

Word: rope
Front: rope
[rəʊp] (中高研四六托 3309/3336 -K2)
Back: n. 粗绳; 绳索; 一串; 学会决窍，知道决窍
vt. （用绳子）捆; 用绳子系牢; 捆紧; 用套索抓捕（动物）
vi. 成索状或绳状
时态：roped, roping, ropes
分布：绳索(71%)，一串(13%)，绞刑(9%)，捆绑(7%)
→来自古英语 rap,绳子，绳索，来自 Proto-Germanic*raipaz,绳子，绳索，可能来自 sker, 弯，转，编织，词源同 ring,cradle.
n.绳,索The rope is proper property to the prospering rope maker.绳子对成功的制绳者来说是真正的财产.
US [roʊp] noun
 ADVANCED countable or uncountable
■(a piece of) strong, thick string made of long twisted threads 粗绳；缆绳；绳索
• A sailor threw a rope ashore and we tied the boat to a post. 一个水手将一条缆绳扔到岸上，我们就把船拴到了一根柱子上。
• a coil of rope 一卷绳子
countable
■several of one type of object connected together on a string （串在一起的）（一）串，（一）条
• a rope of garlic 一辫大蒜
• a rope of pearls 一串珍珠
the ropes [plural]
■thick rope which surrounds an area used for boxing (= sport in which two people hit each other) or wrestling 围绳（围绕拳击或摔跤场所的粗绳；拳击运动是两个人在场上对打的运动）
• The middleweight boxing champion had his opponent up against the ropes. 那个中量级拳击冠军将对手逼到了拳击台的护栏上。
UK [rəʊp] US [roʊp] noun
learn/know the ropes
■to learn/know how to do a job or activity 知道诀窍；懂行，在行
UK [rəʊp] US [roʊp] noun
on the ropes informal
■doing badly and likely to fail 处于困境；即将失败，即将完蛋
• I think the business is finally on the ropes. 我觉得这家企业最终还是要垮掉。
UK [rəʊp] US [roʊp] noun
show/teach sb the ropes
■to show someone how to do a job or activity 给（某人）指点窍门；教（某人）如何工作
• Lynn spent an afternoon showing the new girl the ropes. 林恩花了一下午的时间教那个新来的年轻女职员入门。
UK [rəʊp] US [roʊp] verb transitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to tie things together with rope （用绳索）捆，绑，系
• I'll rope my horse to your car and pull you out of the ditch. 我把我的马套在你的汽车上把你从沟里拉出来。
• The climbers roped themselves together. 登山者用绳索把他们自己都连在一起。
UK [rəʊp] US [roʊp] verb transitive usually + adverb or preposition
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] rope sb in informal
■to persuade someone to do something for you 劝说（某人）帮忙；说服（某人）加入
• At the last minute, we roped in a couple of spectators to complete the team. 在最后关头，我们说服几位观看的人加入，凑足了比赛人数。
UK [rəʊp] US [roʊp] verb transitive usually + adverb or preposition
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] rope sth/somewhere off
■to surround an area or place with ropes in order to keep people out 用绳围起；用绳索圈起
• The police roped off the scene of the crime. 员警用绳子将犯罪现场围了起来。
rope, wire, thread, string, line, cord
这组词都有“线”的意思，其区别是：
rope: 指用于捆绑大物件的粗壮而坚固的绳子，一般用绵、毛、麻、金属或其它材料制成。
wire: 专指用金属制成的线。
thread: 普通用词，指用棉、毛、丝或纤维等纹成的很细的线，通常用于缝纫、纺织等。
string: 普通用词，指捆绑小件物品的细绳或细带子。
line: 普通用词，含义广泛，指任何一种线，常作引申用。
cord: 指比string粗，比rope细，较牢固，通常用于捆扎较小物品的线或绳。用作引申当约束讲。
n. 绳，绳索
 - line, cord
vt. 捆，绑
 - bundle, colligate

Word: badge
Front: badge
[bædʒ] (研六雅宝 6814/6357 -1)
Vocabulary: badge
(once / 1014 pages)
nv
Police officers wear a badge — a shiny piece of metal that lets you know they're cops. Badges can also be metaphors — for example, a scar could considered be a badge of honor.
Police officers are the best-known badge-wearers, but lots of employees — especially federal employees — have to wear some kind of badge to work. The badge lets other people know who you are and what you do. Other kinds of badges are not so official. If a football player broke his leg during a big game, the cast could be called a "badge of honor," because of his playing and his toughness. All badges let others know who you are and why you're important.
WORD FAMILY
badge: badged, badges, badging
USAGE EXAMPLES
Lillian’s signing skills are also helping her earn a “speaking in sign” merit badge from the Girl Scouts of the Chesapeake bay.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
First Night activities badge is $30, free for age 12 and younger, but the fireworks are free.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
At the El Segundo Museum of Art, “Brain: Photographs by Peter Badge” presents two rows of black-and-white photographs lining the four walls.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 徽章，像章，奖章; 象征，标记; [美国俚语]警察
vt. 以…为标志; 使佩带像章（或徽章、标记）; 给予…标记（或徽号）; 授予…奖章（或徽章）
abbr. [空]<美>(=Base Air Defense Ground Environment)基地防空地面警备系统
分布：徽章(68%)，象征(14%)，标记(9%)，证章(8%)，授给 ... 徽章(1%)
→词源不详。
n.徽章,像章;标记;象征;记号The olive leaf is a badge of peace.橄榄叶是和平的象征.
【记】bad坏，ge拼：哥。坏哥哥，从来不戴校徽，他认为那是白纸（badge的发音）一张，凡是戴校徽的人，脑子里都有X。
【区】badger（v 扰乱）；读：摆这儿（见下面）budge（v 移动）；bud发芽－一种移动barge（n 驳船）；bar木棍，拖船用木棍拉bargecadge（v 乞讨）；cad（n 无赖）所以乞讨
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a small piece of metal, plastic, cloth, etc., with words or a picture on it, that is pinned or sewn to your clothing, often to show your support for a political organization or belief, or your rank, or membership of a group, etc 徽章；奖章；证章；纪念章
• Everyone at the conference wore a badge with their name on. 出席会议的人都戴着写有自己名字的徽章。
[bædʒ] noun countable
be a badge of sth
■to be something which shows that you have achieved a particular thing 是…的象征；是…的标志
• For Tony, owning a big car was a badge of success. 对东尼来说，拥有一辆大房车是成功的象征。
sign, emblem, symbol, token, attribute, mark, signal, badge
这组词都有“标志、象征、符号”的意思，其区别是：
sign: 普通用词，指人们公认事物的记号，也可指某种情况的征兆。
emblem: 指选定象征一个国家、民族或家庭等的图案或实物。
symbol: 指作象征或表达某种深邃意蕴的特殊事物。
token: 语气庄重，指礼品、纪念物等作为表示友谊、爱情等的象征或标志。
attribute: 指人或物及其地位、属性的象征。
mark: 普通用词，含义广泛。既可指方便于辨认而有意做的标记，又可指自然形成的标记或有别于他事物的特征。
signal: 指为某一目的而有意发出的信号。
badge: 一般指金属证章或写有姓名的带状标志物。
n. [轻] 徽章；证章；标记
 - marks, bedge

Word: scanner
Front: scanner
[ˈskænə(r)] (8184/9244 -1)
Back: n. 扫描器; 扫描设备; 检测装置; 细查者
分布：扫描仪(95%)，扫描机(5%)
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■a device for making images of the inside of the body or for reading information into a computer system （医用）扫描器；扫描器
• an ultrasound scanner 超音波扫瞄器
• bar code scanners 条码扫描器
n. [计] [电子] 扫描仪；扫描器；光电子扫描装置
 - scanning equipment

Word: confiscate
Front: confiscate
[ˈkɒnfɪskeɪt] (托宝 10551/11552 -1)
Vocabulary: confiscate
(once / 837 pages)
vadj
To confiscate means to take away temporarily for security or legal reasons. It implies an act by an authority upon one of less power. If you use your cell phone in class, the teacher might confiscate it for the day.
Confiscate derives from the Latin confiscat, meaning "to store in a chest, or give to the treasury." In school, if the boys begin throwing pencils at each other, the teacher will confiscate them and "store” them in her desk. She’ll return them, however, when the boys need to take the test. That’s assuming they have not blinded each other beforehand.
WORD FAMILY
confiscate: confiscated, confiscates, confiscating, confiscation+/confiscation: confiscations
USAGE EXAMPLES
The terrorist group also benefited initially from the vast hard-currency holdings it confiscated when it seized banks in Iraqi and Syrian cities in 2014.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
They confiscated two nonfiction books, including one about Mr. Gulen.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Police say they’ll warn people to put the items away, and will confiscate the items if their owners are being uncooperative.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 没收; 充公; 查抄; 征用
adj. 被没收的，被充公的; 被征用的
时态：confiscated, confiscating, confiscates
分布：没收(88%)，充公(12%)
→con-, 强调。-fisc, 篮子，钱篓，词源同basket,fiscal.
没收,把...充公[fisc=pruse(钱包)]
【参】fiscal（adj 财政的；会计的）；confiscation（n 没收；充公）
US ['kɑ:n-] verb transitive
■to take a possession away from someone when you have the right to do so, usually as a punishment and often for a limited period, after which it is returned to the owner （通常指作为惩罚）没收，把…充公
• Miss Edwards has confiscated my comics till the end of term! 爱德华兹小姐没收了我的漫画，要到学期末才还给我！
• His passport was confiscated by the police to prevent him from leaving the country. 警方没收了他的护照，以防他出境。
vt. 没收；充公；查抄
 - sequestrate, expropriate
adj. 被没收的
 - forfeit

Word: cum
Front: cum
[kʌm] (-/20851)
Vocabulary: cum
(once / 1084 pages)
n
Cum is a vulgar slang word for the liquid that comes out of the penis during ejaculation. Sometimes spelled come, this is very inappropriate word.
When a man cums, he produces cum: this word can be a noun or verb. But the most important thing to remember is that this word is very obscene and inappropriate. Technical words like semen and seminal fluid — or even softer slang like seed — are not considered as nasty. The spelling cum is often used in pornography.
WORD FAMILY
cum: cums
USAGE EXAMPLES
Patriarchal strictures stay entirely unchallenged, women remain nothing more than canvases for cum shots.
The Guardian(Dec 13, 2016)
In the cum and joke mines of Mars.
The Guardian(Dec 08, 2016)
This time, the performance took place at a café cum jazz club, again in Fullerton.
Los Angeles Times(Oct 27, 2016)
Back: prep. <拉>连同; 和; 与; 及
分布：和(82%)，精液(12%)，附有(6%)
→来自kom,靠近，在旁，词源同ge-,com-.

Word: exclusion
Front: exclusion
[ɪkˈsklu:ʒn] (托 6233/4041 -2)
Vocabulary: exclusion
(once / 922 pages)
1n 2n
An exclusion is an instance of leaving something or someone out. If you love someone to the exclusion of all others, he or she is the only one for you!
Exclusion is closely related to some words that have a positive or negative feel. The word exclusive implies something is high-end, desirable, and not for ordinary people. If someone is excluded, on the other hand, it means that someone has been deliberately and painfully left out. Exclusion is more neutral. The department store that advertizes a big sale often states at the bottom of the ad that "some exclusions apply."
WORD FAMILY
exclusion: exclusions+/ exclude: excluded, excludes, excluding, exclusion, exclusive / exclusive: exclusively, exclusiveness, exclusives, unexclusive
USAGE EXAMPLES
The group was also to receive unspecified compensation for what is described in the accord as previously unfair exclusion from Afghanistan’s government.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
The news was devastating: I assumed a lifetime of “difference” and exclusion, all my aspirations for my child seemingly in tatters.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
This was a year in which vulgarity, divisiveness and exclusion won – a triumph for dystopian visions of race, nation and ethnicity.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 拒绝，杜绝; 排除，驱逐; 被排斥在外的人（或事物）; 排外主义
分布：排除(92%)，逐出(5%)，除外(3%)
noun countable or uncountable
■when someone or something is not allowed to take part in an activity or to enter a place 排斥；排除；排除在外
• her exclusion from the list of Oscar nominees 她被排除在奥斯卡奖提名名单之外
• the exclusion of disruptive pupils from school 将捣乱的学生从学校开除
to the exclusion of
■If you do something to the exclusion of something else, you do it so much that you do not have time for anything else. （因为努力做某事而）心无旁骛，无暇顾及（别的事情）
exclusion, interference
exclusion: 拒绝，排斥
interference: 干涉
n. 排除；排斥；驱逐；被排除在外的事物
 - removal, ruling out

Word: footprint
Front: footprint
[ˈfʊtprɪnt] (8406/12146 -1)
Vocabulary: footprint
(once / 1362 pages)
n
A footprint is the mark left by your feet on the ground or floor. If you dog runs away from you on the beach, you might find her by following her footprints in the sand.
Your dad might scold you for tracking footprints across the clean kitchen floor — or you might hurry outside after a blizzard to be the first person in your neighborhood to make footprints in the fresh snow. A footprint is proof that you were there: similarly, a figurative kind of footprint is evidence of someone or something's presence or influence. For example, a company's "carbon footprint" is the amount of polluting greenhouse gas it emits.
WORD FAMILY
footprint: footprints
USAGE EXAMPLES
“The information seems to be like a footprint that artists leave in their art,” Forsythe said.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
The deal expands AMC’s footprint at a relatively healthy time for the exhibition industry.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 21, 2016)
Agriculture is also included in the sustainability plans of cities such as Seattle, Washington, to reduce its carbon footprint and green the infrastructure.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. （尤指软地上的）脚印; （地板上的）脚印; <商>（建筑物或设备，尤指计算机）占用的空间; <术>（尤指来自卫星的）广播信号覆盖区
分布：足迹(81%)，脚印(19%)
noun countable
FOOT 脚
■the mark made by a person's or animal's foot 脚印；足迹
['fʊt.prɪnt] noun countable
AREA 面积 specialized
■the amount of space on a surface that something needs, especially a computer （某物所占的）平面面积；（尤指电脑所占的）枱面
• The new computer has a smaller footprint. 这台新电脑占地要小一些。
n. 足迹；脚印
 - track, spoor

Word: inclusion
Front: inclusion
[ɪnˈklu:ʒn] (5409/5156)
Vocabulary: inclusion
(once / 3335 pages)
1n 2n
Inclusion is the act of including someone in something, like a school, club, or team.
If you are familiar with the word include — meaning to make someone or something a part of something larger — then inclusion should make sense. You might be happy at your inclusion on the school's volleyball team. The inclusion of an actor in a movie is exciting. When there's a new President, people wait and see who will earn inclusion in the cabinet. In biology, an inclusion body is a very small body found within another on the cellular level.
WORD FAMILY
inclusion: inclusions+/ include: included, includes, including, inclusion, inclusive / inclusive: inclusively
USAGE EXAMPLES
Kimberly Bathgate, a spokeswoman for the Pennsylvania court system, said the outcome was reported to state police for inclusion in its criminal history database.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
It’s a Wonderful Life deserves a kind of peripheral inclusion here, for being where inspirational triangulates with the weepie and the Christmas film.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
At this point the inclusion of this animated Netflix series on various Best of TV lists seems obligatory.
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 包含; 内含物
分布：包含(100%)
N-VAR
包括;包含
Inclusion is the act of making a person or thing part of a group or collection.
例：...a confident performance which justified his inclusion in the team.证明他入选该队当之无愧的自信表现
例：...the inclusion of the term 'couplehood' in a Dictionary of New Words.couplehood (夫妻之道)这一词条被收入《新词词典》
n. 包含； [细胞] 内含物
 - containing, involved in, involvement, comprehension

Word: managerial
Front: managerial
[ˌmænəˈdʒɪəriəl] (六 9846/4869)
Back: adj. 经理的; 管理上的
分布：管理的(100%)
US [-'dʒɪr.i-] adjective
■relating to a manager or management 经理的；管理的；经营上的
• managerial responsibilities/decisions/skills 管理责任／决策／技巧
adj. [经管] [管理] 管理的；经理的
 - administrative, regulatory

Word: rouge
Front: rouge
[ru:ʒ] (35695/9248 -3)
Vocabulary: rouge
(once / 1297 pages)
nv
When your grandma says she's "putting her face on" in the morning, what she means is that she's swiping lipstick on her mouth and dabbing plenty of rouge on her cheeks.
Rouge is any kind of red or reddish-colored makeup that's used for tinting a person's cheeks. The word rouge can also refer to the red color itself, or it can be a verb, which you'd use to say, "Grandma, you're uneven — you forgot to rouge your left cheek." The root of rouge is the Latin word rubeus, which itself means "red". A common mistake is to confuse the words rouge and rogue, which means a scoundrel.
WORD FAMILY
rouge: rouged, rouges, rouging+/rouged: unrouged
USAGE EXAMPLES
Baton Rouge police said Asha Davis was found at the residence on Mohican Prescott Crossover around 8:30 p.m.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Last spring the band rolled into Le Poisson Rouge to provide a tantalizing preview of its third album, “The Constant,” which was released in August.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
A black Iraq war veteran fatally shot the three police officers and wounded three others in Baton Rouge in an ambush.
Reuters(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 胭脂，口红
vt. 擦口红
vi. 在脸上搽胭脂，搽口红
adj. 〈罕〉红的〔只用于： R- Croix 〔英国〕纹章局四属官之一
时态：rouged, rouging, rouges
分布：胭脂(86%)，红铁粉(7%)，搽胭脂(7%)
→来自法语 rouge,红颜料，来自拉丁语 ruber,红色的，来自 reudh,红色的，词源同 red,ruby. 字母 b,g 音变，比较 rabid,rage.
noun uncountable
■a red or pink powder put on the cheeks to make the face look more attractive 胭脂
n. 胭脂；口红；铁丹， [材] [轻] 红铁粉
 - liprouge, lippie
vi. 搽胭脂；涂口红
 - lipstick

Word: poppy
Front: poppy
[ˈpɒpi] (12051/12068 -1)
Back: n. [植]罂粟（花）; 罂粟属植物; 深红色
级别：poppier, poppiest
分布：罂粟(81%)，鸦片(18%)，芙蓉红(1%)
→来自古英语popig,来自West-Germanic*papua,可能借自拉丁语papaver,罂粟花。
US ['pɑ:.pi] noun countable
■a plant with large delicate flowers, which are typically red, and small black seeds 罂粟
n. [毒物] [植] 罂粟花；罂粟属植物；深红色
 - papaver, coquelicot
adj. 罂粟科的
 - papaveraceous

Word: suite
Front: suite
[swi:t] (高研托雅 4726/4292 -2)
Vocabulary: suite
(once / 569 pages)
n
A suite (sounds like "sweet") is a collection of matching things. It usually refers to rooms together, like when you get a suite at a fancy hotel. It can also be a set of furniture or a musical composition.
In housing terms, a suite is an apartment made up of connected rooms. If you ever stay at a hostel in France, make sure you get a room with the bathroom en suite, so you don’t have to share the one in the hallway. When the word first came into use, it meant "train of followers of attendants," but don't call your friends your suite or they'll think you're a snob.
WORD FAMILY
suite: suites
USAGE EXAMPLES
Investigators said Schnorenberg was called to a Country Inn & Suites in Mankato about 4 a.m.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Authorities say the officer responded to a disturbance at a Country Inn & Suites about 4 a.m.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The care station is closely located next to two surgical suites, one for scopic procedures, such as colonoscopies, and another for general surgery.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. [计]（软件的）套件; （房间，器具等）一套，一副; [乐]组曲; 随从
分布：套房(94%)，随员(5%)，一套物件(1%)
→来自 suit 对词形式，用于指套间，成套等。
n.套间;一套家具;套,组,系列The chairman entered the room followed by his suite.主席由随从跟着进入屋内.
【记】suit（n 一套衣服）e：一套房间
noun countable
SET OF ROOMS 套房
■a set of connected rooms, especially in a hotel （尤指饭店的）套房
• The singer was interviewed in his £1500 a night hotel suite. 这位歌手在每晚1500英镑的饭店套房里接受采访。
• They've got a whole suite of offices on the 34th floor. 他们在34层有一整套的办公室。
[swi:t] noun countable
SET OF FURNITURE 一套家俱
■a set of furniture for one room, of matching design and colour 一套家俱
• We're having a new bathroom/bedroom suite fitted at the weekend. 周末我们要请人在浴室／卧室安装一套新家俱。
• I've ordered a new three-piece suite for the living-room. 我为客厅订购了一套三件的新家俱。
[swi:t] noun countable
MUSIC 音乐
■a piece of music with several parts, usually all in the same key 组曲
quarters, accommodation, flat, apartment, suite, lodging
这组词都有“住处”的意思，其区别是：
quarters: 指某一部分人集中的居住区。
accommodation: 泛指各种居住住所，一般指暂时下榻之地。
flat: 多用于英国、澳大利亚和新西兰。指同一层建筑物上组成一个居住单元的几个房间。
apartment: 通常指占用或居住时间较长的成套房间，在美国比较常用。
suite: 可泛指任何设备完善的一套房间，但多指包括起居室、卧室和浴室的陈设较豪华的套间。
lodging: 常用lodgins,指临时租借的房间或宿舍。
lodging, accommodation, apartment, flae, quarters, suite
这些名词均有“住处”之意。
lodging: 常用lodgins, 指临时租借的房间或宿舍。
accommodation: 泛指各种居住住所，一般指暂时下榻之地。
apartment: 通常指占用或居住时间较长的成套房间，在美国比较常用。
flat: 多用于英国、澳大利亚和新西兰。指同一层建筑物上组成一个居住单元的几个房间。
quarters: 指某一部分人集中的居住区。
suite: 可泛指任何设备完善的一套房间，但多指包括起居室、卧室和浴室的陈设较豪华的套间。
n. （一套）家具；套房；组曲；（一批） [劳经] 随员，随从
 - furniture, satellite

Word: vanguard
Front: vanguard
[ˈvængɑ:d] (宝 13189/10162 -1)
Vocabulary: vanguard
(once / 2422 pages)
n
If you are in the vanguard, you're up front. It could be that you are in the vanguard of an advancing army, or in the vanguard of any movement, trend, or occupation.
Vanguard is an old variation of the French word avant-garde meaning "fore-guard" or "front guard." Vanguard and avant-garde have the same basic meaning, but avant-garde generally describes artistic endeavors, while vanguard can be more widely applied. You might talk about the vanguard of fashion on the red carpet, the vanguard of medical research at a university, or the vanguard of a political movement at a demonstration.
WORD FAMILY
vanguard: vanguards
USAGE EXAMPLES
Nigeria’s Vanguard newspaper published photographs it said showed him free.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Mr. Harris was also on the vanguard of blending his polling business with his work as a political consultant.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Meanwhile, the U.S. robo industry's early leader is Vanguard Group.
Reuters(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 先锋，前锋; 先驱，领导者
分布：先锋(72%)，先驱(14%)，前锋(14%)
→来自法语avant-garde,先锋，先头部队，avant,前面，为advance原型，garde,护卫，词源同guard.
【记】van前部，guard（n 卫士）：前卫
N-SING
（革命或研究的）前沿；先锋，先驱
If someone is in the vanguard of something such as a revolution or an area of research, they are involved in the most advanced part of it. You can also refer to the people themselves as the vanguard.
例：Such thinking puts Kodak in the vanguard of a movement reshaping the computer industry...这种想法使得柯达走在了改造计算机产业运动的最前沿。
例：Sir James was an immensely distinguished architect in the vanguard of his profession.詹姆斯爵士是一位非常杰出的建筑师，处于其专业领域的前沿位置。
N-SING
先头部队;尖兵
The vanguard of an army is the part of it that goes into battle first.
例：...a force of mobile reserve units that could strike quickly and effectively at the vanguard of an invading army.能够对入侵的先头部队进行快速有效反击的机动预备部队
n. 先锋；前锋；先驱；领导者
 - leader, Moses, pioneer

Word: adverse
Front: adverse
[ˈædvɜ:s] (研六托雅宝 6307/5120 -2)
Vocabulary: adverse
(once / 552 pages)
adj
Steer clear of anything adverse. If it's adverse, it's working against you — like adverse weather conditions or the adverse effects of eating too much sugar.
Coming from the Latin adversus meaning "turned against," adverse is an adjective describing a factor that seems to work against or actively harm something. Think of the related word, adversary, which means enemy or opponent, so that if something is adverse, it acts as if it were the enemy. Often you can find expressions such as "he is risk adverse" as a way to say that someone doesn't like taking risks.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
adverse / averse
Adverse and averse are both turn-offs, but adverse is something harmful, and averse is a strong feeling of dislike. Rainstorms can cause adverse conditions, and many people are averse to rain.
Adverse describes something that works against you, like a tornado or a computer crash, and is usually applied to things. It's often followed by the word effects:
More significantly, he has shown that if such ageing cells are selectively destroyed, these adverse effects go away. (Economist)
The pact was intended to limit the adverse effects of climate change but only obliged developed countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. (Scientific American)
Averse is usually applied to feelings, attitudes, or people. It's a strong feeling of opposition — it's a big "no thanks" and it's often followed by to. Averse also goes with risk to describe people (or banks) who don't like taking them:
Balth isn't averse to including human beings in his work. (Seattle Times)
Nevertheless, Ms. Fishbein is not averse to a large sociable gathering. (New York Times)
Your survey shows that banks are more risk-averse than they used to be. (Business Week)
If it's a force of nature working against you, use adverse. Kick out the "d" and a person can be averseto or againstanything, like rainy days or gambling.
WORD FAMILY
adverse: adversely, adversity +/ adversity: adversities
USAGE EXAMPLES
If these ignite a trade war, the adverse side effects may well backfire on U.S. workers and firms.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
The 8 percent threshold in the adverse scenario was also a requirement the ECB set for ailing Greek banks in a 2015 review.
Reuters(Dec 29, 2016)
“Football is susceptible to change and in adverse situations we managers are often the ones who are wronged,” Ramos said.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 不利的; 有害的; 逆的; 相反的
分布：不利的(72%)，有害的(22%)，逆向的(6%)
→前缀ad-, 去，往。词根verse, 转。转走的，对着干的。
逆反;不辛[ver,ert=turn,表示"转"]
a.逆的,相反的;敌对的;不利的;有害的On the anniversary the versatile poet wrote an adverse verse Virtue versus Evil.在周年纪念日上,多用途诗人写信告诉不利的句美德对邪恶.
【记】ad朝向，vers移转－转向不利方面的－不利的，敌对的，相反的
US [æd'vɝ:s] adjective [before noun]
 ADVANCED
■having a negative or harmful effect on something 不利的；负面的；有害的
• The match has been cancelled due to adverse weather conditions. 由于天气恶劣，这场比赛已被取消。
• They received a lot of adverse publicity/criticism about the changes. 这些变化为他们招致种种负面报导／非议。
• So far the drug is thought not to have any adverse effects. 迄今为止，人们一直认为这种药物没有任何副作用。
reverse, opposite, converse, contrary, adverse
这组词都有“相反的，对立的”的意思，其区别是：
reverse: 指朝相反方向的或反面(背面)的。
opposite: 指位置、方向、行动或想法等完全相反。
converse: 指在方向、行动或意见上相反的。
contrary: 一般指与某种主张、看法或行为等正好相反，隐含否定一方并不意味着肯定另一方的意味。
adverse: 通常指违害利益的、无生命的势力或条件等，侧重分歧。
adj. 不利的；相反的； [植] 敌对的（名词adverseness，副词adversely）
 - against, contrary, opposite, counter, cross

Word: verse
Front: verse
[vɜ:s] (研六托宝 5446/3540 -2)
Vocabulary: verse
(once / 104 pages)
1nv 2v
A poem — especially one that rhymes — is called verse. The children's author Dr. Seuss wrote in verse, and the regular rhymes of "The Cat in the Hat" helped generations of children learn to read.
In music, a verse is a section of a song that's often followed by a chorus. Many people can sing the chorus to "Take Me Out to the Ball Game," but few realize there are also verses, including one that starts, "Katie Casey was baseball mad." Verse comes from the Latin word versus, which means a line of writing and is based on the Proto-Indo-European root wer, meaning to turn or bend.
WORD FAMILY
verse: versed, verses, versify, versing+/ versed: unversed/ versification: versifications/versifier: versifiers/versify: versification, versified, versifier, versifies, versifying
USAGE EXAMPLES
Q: Paterson’s poetry is not the only verse in the film.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
In blank verse, Ms. Williams, whose account is verified on the site, described the proposal on the “isaidyes” subreddit, which is dedicated to engagement stories.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Visitors collected outside the sanctuary doors and sang verses pleading to be let in.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 诗，韵文; 诗节，诗行; 诗篇; 圣经中的节
v. 作诗或者从事于作诗; 使熟练或者精通
时态：versed, versing, verses
分布：诗(83%)，韵文(8%)，诗节(4%)，作诗(2%)，诗化(1%)，对 ... 精通(1%)，在诗中表现(1%)
→来自拉丁语versus,转，翻转，词源versus,toward。引申词义诗行，韵文。
诗歌,韵文(转着反复说的话→诗歌)[ver,ert=turn,表示"转"]
n.韵文,诗;诗节,诗句On the exciting kite site, the excited reciter cited my verse.在激动人心的风筝现场,激动的朗诵者应用了我的诗句.
US [vɝ:s] noun
 ADVANCED uncountable
■writing which is arranged in short lines with a regular rhythm; poetry 诗；诗歌；韵文
• comic/light/satirical verse 打油／谐趣／讽刺诗
• Shakespeare wrote mostly in verse. 莎士比亚主要用韵文来写作。
 ADVANCED countable
■one of the parts into which a poem or song is divided 诗节；（歌曲的）节
• Each verse was sung as a solo and then everyone joined in on the chorus. 每一节都以独唱形式演唱，然后所有人一同合唱。
countable
■one of the series of short parts into which the writing of a holy book is divided （宗教圣书的）节
• She recited a verse from the Bible/the Koran. 她背诵了《圣经》／《可兰经》里的一节。
verse, poetry, poem
这组词都有“诗”的意思，其区别是：
verse: 多指诗句、诗行或诗节，也可作诗歌、韵文的总称。
poetry: 指诗的总称。
poem: 通常指一首诗或诗体文。
n. 诗，诗篇；韵文；诗节
 - poetry, poem

Word: alumnus
Front: alumnus
[əˈlʌmnəs] (托 7409/43367 -1)
Vocabulary: alumnus
(once / 2430 pages)
n
An alumnus is a graduate of a school. You can be an alumnus of a high school, college or university.
Want to be an alumnus? Then you'd better study hard and graduate: an alumnus has received a diploma or degree from a school. You've probably heard of some famous or successful alumni (the plural of alumnus from your own school: schools tend to be proud of students who have gone on to do well. Schools also like to ask each alumnus (famous or not) to give back to the school — usually monetarily.
WORD FAMILY
alumnus: alumni
USAGE EXAMPLES
This year, as usual, the firm invited alumni, including me, to its holiday party at the Plaza Hotel.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Harriott and George F. Smith, St. Thomas’s athletic director, learned about the robots through an alumni parent, and asked for a demonstration.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
It runs a program that connects hundreds of alumni and other professionals with students.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 男校友; 男毕业生
分布：男校友(64%)，男毕业生(36%)
→alumn, 校友，词根al扩大格，al, 滋养。-us, 拉丁语阳性词缀。其复数形式为-i.
[ə'lʌm.nəs] (plural alumni) mainly US
noun countable
■someone who has left a school, college or university after finishing their studies there 校友
• the alumni of St MacNissi's College 圣麦克尼西学院的校友
• Several famous alumni have agreed to help raise money for the school's restoration fund. 几位有名望的校友已经同意帮助母校筹集资金修复校舍。

Word: evict
Front: evict
[ɪˈvɪkt] (雅宝 12321/11583 -1)
Vocabulary: evict
(once / 3005 pages)
v
Use the verb evict to say that a tenant is being forced to move out of his home, usually through legal action. If you don't pay your rent, eventually your landlord will evict you.
Evict became part of the English language back in the 1530s. Based on the Latin word evincere, meaning "recover property, overcome and expel, conquer," even then it had a legal process attached to it. Before you evict someone, you have to complete official paperwork, though some landlords may succeed in evicting tenants without following the legal steps.
WORD FAMILY
evict: evicted, evicting, eviction, evicts+/ eviction: evictions
USAGE EXAMPLES
Unable to afford its Bronx apartment, the family was evicted, and Ms. Farquharson and her children moved into a shelter in early 2013.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Then his mother was laid off from a flour plant, and they were evicted from their home.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“Families living in unaffordable housing are at a higher risk of being evicted, moving frequently, living in crowded or substandard conditions, or becoming homeless.”
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. 依法驱逐（房客等）; 依法收回（房屋等）
时态：evicted, evicting, evicts
分布：驱逐(92%)，依法收回(8%)
→e-, 向外。-vict,胜利，词源同victory,convince. 即胜利赶走，驱逐。
逐出(e出+vict→征服把人赶出去)[vict,vinc=conquer,overcome,表示"征服,克服"]
【记】e，vict（征服）－把…征服出去－驱逐
【参】victor（n 胜利者）；victory（n 胜利）
【反】harbor（v 窝藏；庇护）
verb transitive
■to force someone to leave somewhere 驱逐；赶走，逐出
• Tenants who fall behind in their rent risk being evicted. 拖欠房租的房客有被赶走的危机。
• He was evicted from the pub for drunken and violent behaviour. 他因为醉酒及暴力滋事被赶出酒吧。
vt. 驱逐；逐出
 - cast out, expel

Word: congregation
Front: congregation
[ˌkɒŋgrɪˈgeɪʃn] (4989/5091 -1)
Vocabulary: congregation
(once / 355 pages)
n
Although the word is most usually assigned to the members of a church, any gathering might be called a congregation, including a gathering of animals. Come to think of it, a congregation of church members is often called a "flock."
The Latin root of congregation, which is greg, meaning "flock," easily becomes congregare, meaning "to gather together," and finally congregationen, giving the current meaning of “a group.” The meaning took on a religious quality when 16th Century Protestants took it to refer to the church itself, then refining it to mean church members. If you're not a churchgoer, you might still refer to your friends who show up to watch football as a congregation.
WORD FAMILY
congregation: congregational, congregations+/ congregate: congregated, congregates, congregating, congregation /congregating: congregatings/congregational: congregationally
USAGE EXAMPLES
Much like a local congregation, there is a sense of family that characterizes we “12s.”
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
While his congregation is comparatively small, Jones said, “God never used big armies.”
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Professor Smith soon became president of a Hindu society and associate minister of a Methodist congregation in St. Louis.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. （教堂里的）会众; 集会; 集合; 人群
分布：人群(43%)，集合(41%)，教堂会众(16%)
→来自congregate, 聚集。
US [ˌkɑ:ŋ-] noun countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■a group of people who have come together in a religious building for worship and prayer （在宗教场所参加膜拜、祈祷的）会众；信众
• The vicar asked the congregation to kneel. 牧师请信众跪下。
n. 集会；集合；圣会
 - assembly, concentration, convergence, meet, gathering

Word: sanctuary
Front: sanctuary
[ˈsæŋktʃuəri] (托 5985/6443 -2)
Vocabulary: sanctuary
(once / 626 pages)
n
The word sanctuary has religious roots, and can refer to a temple or church, but its use has broadened to include anywhere people go for peaceful tranquility or introspection. Your pickup truck might be your sanctuary if that's where you can clear your head.
Historically, a sanctuary is the holiest of holy places — a temple or church. Now, it's a word for anywhere a person feels especially safe and serene. People might call their homes their sanctuary, or a beautiful spot in a quiet woods can be described as a sanctuary. It can also be a way to refer to shelter or asylum from political danger, such as: "The forbidding jungle can offer sanctuary to the guerrilla rebels."
WORD FAMILY
sanctuary: sanctuaries
USAGE EXAMPLES
They say firefighters got control of the fire within minutes and the blaze was contained to the main sanctuary.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
A “Women’s Privacy Act” was at number six, right after banning immigration “sanctuary cities” and insisting on photo ID at the ballot box.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
These tiny and colorfully painted sanctuaries are found throughout Terceira.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 避难所; 庇护所; 圣所; 庇护
分布：圣所(62%)，避难所(36%)，耶路撒冷的神殿(2%)
→sanct-,神圣的，-ary,表地方。即圣所，圣殿，引申诸相关词义。
圣地,避难所(sanct+uary表示场所,如：mortu-ary太平间)[anct=holy,表示"神圣"]
圣堂;避难所(sanct神圣)[-ary 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人,场所,物"]
【记】sanct神圣，u，ary表示地点－圣堂；避难所
US [-tʃu.er.i] noun
countable usually singular uncountable
■protection or a safe place, especially for someone or something being chased or hunted 庇护，保护；避难所，庇护所
• Illegal immigrants found/sought/took sanctuary in a local church. 非法移民把当地的一座教堂当作避难所。
• The chapel became a sanctuary for the refugees. 这座小教堂成为难民的庇护所。
• figurative If I want some peace and quiet, I take sanctuary in my study. 如果想清静一会儿，我就会躲进自己的书房。
countable
■a place where birds or animals can live and be protected, especially from hunters or dangerous conditions 禁猎区，鸟兽保护区
• a wildlife/bird sanctuary 野生动物／鸟类保护区
countable
■the most holy part of a religious building 圣殿，圣堂
n. 避难所；至圣所；耶路撒冷的神殿
 - haven, home, harbor, shelter

Word: quell
Front: quell
[kwel] (托宝 12955/14026 -1)
Vocabulary: quell
(once / 1599 pages)
v
Meaning to suppress or overcome, quell is what you have to do with nerves before a big test and fears before going skydiving.
When it first came into existence, the verb quell actually meant “to murder.” That's a bit more serious than our modern definition, but you can use that old definition to help you imagine offing your worries or putting a permanent end to criticism. These days quell is often used to mean "pacify," as in the police quelling an angry mob or a mom quelling a kid's temper tantrum.
WORD FAMILY
quell: quelled, quelling, quells+/quelling: quellings
USAGE EXAMPLES
In October of 1992, heavily armed military police stormed the penitentiary to quell a riot, spurring charges of indiscriminate killing by authorities.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
She and her team do not plan to move manufacturing back just to quell critics.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
There is a button-down manner on the straightaways and quelled road noise.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vt. 压制，镇压; 减轻; 消除; 使镇定
n. <古>屠杀; 杀戮
时态：quelled, quelling, quells
分布：平息(71%)，消除(12%)，压制(9%)，减轻(8%)
→来自古英语cwellan,杀死，谋杀，执行死刑，来自gwele,扔，投掷，词源同ballistic,kill. 词义由扔，投掷引申为刺，杀。后引申词义制止，阻止。
【记】que缺，ll想成两把枪：因为他们没有枪，我们才能用武力镇压。Qu＝squ压制
【反】foment＝instigate＝incite＝rouse＝stir up（v 激起）
verb transitive
■to stop something, especially by using force （尤其指透过武力）制止，平息；镇压
• Police in riot gear were called in to quell the disturbances/unrest. 身穿防暴装的员警奉命前来平息骚乱。
• This latest setback will have done nothing to quell the growing doubts about the future of the club. 最近一次的挫折对消除人们对俱乐部前景与日俱增的疑虑没有一点好处。
vt. 平息；镇压；减轻；消除
 - eliminate, avoid, moderate, suppress

Word: sorely
Front: sorely
[ˈsɔ:li] (14069/14726 -1)
Vocabulary: sorely
(once / 769 pages)
adv
When something happens or is felt sorely, it occurs in an intense way. If you sorely miss your best friend after he moves to Hong Kong, you miss him a whole lot.
You can say that assistance is sorely needed if your car breaks down by the side of the road, and if your grandparents' old farm house is starting to sag and lean to one side after years of not being cared for, you can describe it as sorely neglected. The adverb sorely is a bit old fashioned, but it's great for emphasizing the large degree to which something is true.
WORD FAMILY
sore: sorely, soreness, sorer, sores, sorest+/soreness: sorenesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Scot McCloughan’s toughest job of the offseason involves finding the most effective way to overhaul a defense that’s sorely lacking in talent.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
His eyes and his hands were failing him, and he sorely missed his partner of 60 years, Walter Caron, who died in 2009.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
"R.I.P. George Michael. You inspired many and your music will live on in the hearts of the community. You will be sorely missed x."
BBC(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adv. 严重地; 疼痛地; 非常
分布：痛苦地(50%)，极度地(25%)，非常地(25%)
→sore,疼痛的，痛苦的，-ly,副词后缀。
US ['sɔ:r-] formal
adverb
■extremely; very much 极其；非常
• I was sorely tempted to say exactly what I thought of his offer. 我真想照实说说我对他的提议的看法。
• You'll be sorely missed by everyone here, and we wish you success in your new job. 这里的每个人都会很想念你，我们祝你在新的工作中成功。
adv. 疼痛地；非常；剧烈地
 - extremely, badly, highly, greatly, too

Word: charisma
Front: charisma
[kəˈrɪzmə] (托宝 11606/13962 -1)
Vocabulary: charisma
(once / 3786 pages)
n
Frank Sinatra and Elvis Presley had great charisma, or a special personal charm or appeal that gives them influence or authority.
Charisma is often a quality possessed by successful politicians or other leaders, or by other public figures. The corresponding adjective is charismatic, and it applies more to personality than appearance: a handsome and charismatic actor. Charisma was borrowed from a Greek word meaning "favor, gift," from charizesthai "to favor," from charis "grace."
WORD FAMILY
charisma: charismatic +/ charismatic: charismatically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Their collaboration on this ubiquitous Christmas carol is a low-simmering stock, full of comfort and easy charisma.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
They’ve both got loads of that ineffable “it,” and their charisma is usually more than enough to carry a film.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Strongmen and populist leaders rely on charisma more than expertise and well-thought-out policies.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. 魅力; <宗>神授的力量或才能; 超凡的个人魅力; 感召力
分布：魅力(97%)，非凡的领导力(3%)
→来自gher, 鼓励，使渴望，词源同hortatory, Charis(美惠女神)。原为宗教用语，指上帝对人的仁爱，上帝的礼物或奖励。后因19世纪德国社会学家Max Weber的使用使此词赋上了世俗色彩。可能最终来自ker, 心，词源同heart, courage, cordial.
【源】原指：神授予基督教徒的超凡能力（如创造奇迹的能力）
【记】cha＝china中国，ris＝rise升起，ma＝mao毛泽东：中国升起毛泽东－因为他有领袖气质
【参】charismatic（adj 神赐能力的，超凡魅力的）
noun uncountable
■a special power which some people have naturally which makes them able to influence other people and attract their attention and admiration 超凡的个人魅力；吸引力；超凡气质
• On screen Garbo had this great charisma so that you couldn't take your eyes off her. 在银幕上，嘉宝魅力非凡，让人无法将眼光从她身上移开。
• How did a man of so little personal charisma get to be prime minister? 一个如此缺乏个人魅力的人是如何成为总理的呢？
n. 魅力；神授的能力；非凡的领导力
 - grace, fascination

Word: fuzzy
Front: fuzzy
[ˈfʌzi] (7326/14498 -1)
Vocabulary: fuzzy
(once / 3811 pages)
1adj 2adj
Fuzzy things are soft, downy, or furry. Few people can resist the charms of a tiny, fuzzy kitten.
Your dad's bearded face is fuzzy, and your favorite mohair sweater is also fuzzy. You can also use this adjective to mean "blurry" or "clouded," the way a badly lit scene in a movie might look fuzzy, with vague shapes moving in the dark. The inside of your head can feel fuzzy too, when you're groggy or dizzy: "I remember getting hit in the head by the soccer ball, but after that everything's fuzzy."
WORD FAMILY
fuzzy: fuzzier, fuzziest, fuzzily, fuzziness+/ fuzz: fuzzes, fuzzy
USAGE EXAMPLES
Shelves and floor space are shrouded in heaps of soft yarn and fuzzy pompoms.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Let's conclude by returning to that fuzzy concept of populism.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
For half of those teams with a ticket to the postseason, the future is hopelessly fuzzy.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 模糊的; 绒毛般的，毛茸茸的; 糊涂的，含糊不清的
级别：fuzzier, fuzziest
分布：模糊的(80%)，毛茸茸的(20%)
adjective
NOT CLEAR 模糊不清的
■(of an image) having shapes that do not have clear edges, or (of a sound, especially from a television, radio, etc.) not clear, usually because of other unwanted noises making it difficult to hear （图像）模糊不清的；（声音）杂乱的，有干扰的
• Is the picture always fuzzy on your TV? 你的电视一直这么不清楚吗？
• You can pick up a lot of stations on the car radio but the sound is usually a bit fuzzy. 汽车上的收音机可以收到一大堆电台，但声音通常都会有些干扰。
■informal
■not clear 模糊不清的；不清楚的
• The basic facts of the story are starting to emerge though the details are still fuzzy. 虽然一些细节仍然并不清晰，但事情的基本事实已经浮出水面了。
• My head's a bit fuzzy (= I cannot think clearly) this morning after all that wine last night. 昨天晚上喝了那么多酒，今天早晨我有些不清醒。
['fʌz.i] adjective
HAIR/FUR 毛发／毛 informal
■(of hair) in an untidy mass of tight curls （毛发）零乱的，紧鬈的
• Oh no, it's raining - my hair will go all fuzzy. 噢，不会吧，下雨了——我的头发会变得乱蓬蓬的。
■informal
■describes a surface that feels like short fur 毛茸茸的
• the fuzzy skin of a peach 桃子毛茸茸的表皮
adj. 模糊的；失真的；有绒毛的
 - dark, vague

Word: arcane
Front: arcane
[ɑ:ˈkeɪn] (宝 13167/19237 -1)
Vocabulary: arcane
(once / 10944 pages)
adj
Something arcane is understood or known by only a few people. Almost everyone knows the basics of baseball, but only an elite few possess the arcane knowledge of its history that marks the true fan.
A near synonym is esoteric, as in remote information or knowledge. Experts in academic fields often show off the depth of their knowledge by mentioning some arcane and esoteric fact as if it was common for everyone to know. The origin of arcane is Latin arcānus "secret, closed," from arca "a chest, box." Arcana (singular arcanum) are pieces of mysterious knowledge or information.
WORD FAMILY
arcane: arcanely
USAGE EXAMPLES
Until last year, JCT used a variety of economic models in its arcane calculations, reflecting the uncertainties in such work.
Reuters(Dec 28, 2016)
And an arcane formula nationally continues to be a major question mark.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Much of Chafe’s analysis is arcane, in places straining credulity; but Bach, too, was a man of arcane bent.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 秘密的; 神秘的; 晦涩难解的
级别：arcaner, arcanest
分布：神秘的(82%)，不可思议的(18%)
→词根ark, 保护，隐藏，词源同单词ark, 方舟。
【记】1）arcan秘密－神秘的。参：arcanum（n 秘密，万灵药）2）arca拱。一般来说，拱形的人都是神秘的，带着斗笠，低着头，弯着腰，不让别人看见自己的脸。
【反】well-known（众所周知的）
US [ɑ:r-] formal
adjective
■mysterious and known only by a few people 神秘的；秘密的；晦涩难懂的
• He was the only person who understood all the arcane details of the agreement. 他是唯一能看懂协议中所有那些晦涩难懂的繁缛条文的人。
• This argument may seem arcane to those not closely involved in the world of finance. 对于那些不谙金融界事务的人而言，这种观点如同天书。
adj. 神秘的；晦涩难解的；秘传的
 - mysterious, uncanny

Word: heady
Front: heady
[ˈhedi] (11197/11122 -1)
Vocabulary: heady
(once / 3887 pages)
1adj 2adj 3adj
Something that's heady is extremely thrilling. You might have a heady feeling as you walk up on stage to get your high school diploma.
Use the adjective heady to describe a sensation that is so exciting it makes you a little dizzy, a bit like being intoxicated. You could talk about the heady scent of your mom's rose garden or the heady feeling of winning the state spelling bee. The fourteenth century meaning of heady was "headstrong or impetuous," and it's sometimes still used in this way. By the 1570's, it had also come to mean "apt to go to the head," or "exhilarating."
WORD FAMILY
heady: headier, headiest, headily+/ forehead: foreheads/ head: forehead, headed, header, headful, heading, headless, headlike, heads, headship, heady, overhead, subhead/headed: headeder, headedest, headedly, unheaded/ header: headers/ heading: headings, subheading/headship: headships/ overhead: overheads/subhead: subheads/subheading: subheadings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The group have subsequently upped the speed at which they can propel water droplets to a heady ten millimetres a second.
Economist(Dec 01, 2016)
The sweet, heady odour that seeps from one of the rooms reveals its current function: cannabis production.
BBC(Nov 30, 2016)
Even when he was leading NBC, Mr. Tinker fondly recalled the heady days when he, Moore and others were developing new shows at MTM.
Washington Post(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 顽固的; 任性的; 兴奋的; （酒等）易使人醉的
级别：headier, headiest
分布：兴奋的(53%)，陶醉的(32%)，冲动的(5%)，头晕的(5%)，强烈作用于感官的(5%)
→head,头，-y,形容词后缀。比喻用法。
轻率的,任性的(一头往前冲→轻率的)[head=head,表示"头"]
adjective
■having a powerful effect, making you feel slightly drunk or excited 浓烈的；令人陶醉的；令人兴奋的
• a heady wine/perfume 易醉人的酒／香气浓郁的香水
• In the heady days of their youth, they thought anything was possible. 在他们风华正茂之时，他们认为一切皆有可能。
adj. 兴奋的；任性的；性急的；顽固的；使人头晕的
 - resistant, be excited

Word: gentleman
Front: gentleman
[ˈdʒentlmən] (中高研四六 2447/1455 -K3)
Back: n. 先生; 绅士; 有身份地位的人
分布：绅士(64%)，先生(33%)，有教养的人(3%)
→来自词根gen, 生育，词源同generate. 原指出生高贵的，优雅的，后指绅士。
n.绅士,先生Ladies and gentlemen!女士们,先生们!
US [-tˌl-] noun countable
 IMPROVER
■a polite way of talking to or referring to a man 先生（对男士的礼貌称呼）
• Ladies and gentlemen, the show is about to begin. 各位先生女士，演出就要开始了。
• Excuse me, this gentleman has a question for you. 对不起，这位先生要问你个问题。
 ADVANCED approving
■a man who is polite and behaves well towards other people, especially women （尤指对女性）彬彬有礼的男士，有教养的男人；君子
• He was a perfect gentleman. 他是个极有修养的君子。
• Not holding a door for a lady? You're no gentleman, are you? 你都不为后面的女士扶一下门吗？这可真没绅士风度，是不是？
■approving
■a man of a high social class 上流社会的人，有身份的人；绅士
• a gentlemen's club 绅士俱乐部
n. 先生；绅士；有身分的人
 - sir, don, Mister, Monsieur

Word: cart
Front: cart
[kɑ:t] (研四六托雅 4053/5076 -2)
Vocabulary: cart
(once / 269 pages)
nv
A cart is a vehicle with wheels that's pulled by an animal, a person, or by another vehicle. You could attach a cart to your dog and teach him to pull it around.
The typical cart is hooked up to a draft horse or another farm animal. Other kinds of carts include hand carts, which can be stacked with heavy items and easily pushed or pulled by people; and golf carts, which are open vehicles that are powered by electricity or gasoline. When you cart something around, you lug it or transport it. The word cart comes from a Scandinavian source, probably the Old Norse kartr.
WORD FAMILY
cart: cartage, carted, carter, carting, carts+/carter: carters/carting: cartings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Shortly after 5 a.m., a vendor selling chicken and cheese tamales wheeled her cart up to the group.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Its former customers now roam the aisles of Walmart and Target, or fill their carts virtually.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
The area that was targeted on Saturday is packed with wholesale markets and usually teeming with daily labourers unloading vans and wheeling carts around.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 运货马车，手推车; 一车之量
vt. 用推车或卡车运送; 费力搬运; 强行带走，抓走
时态：carted, carting, carts
分布：手推车(90%)，粗鲁地)拖(5%)，(用力(5%)
→来自PIE *sker, 围，转，编织，词源同cradle。本义为提东西的篮子，后词义外延至小推车。
n.(二轮货运)马车,手推车The smart star starts to make cart chart for the commencement.精明的明星开始制作授学位典礼用的马车图表.
US [kɑ:rt] noun countable
■a vehicle with either two or four wheels which is pulled by a horse, and which is used for carrying goods （两轮或四轮的）运货马车
• a horse and cart. 一套马车
US for * trolley (FOR CARRYING)
UK [kɑ:t] US [kɑ:rt] noun countable
put the cart before the horse
■to do things in the wrong order 本末倒置；前后颠倒
• Aren't you putting the cart before the horse by deciding what to wear for the wedding before you've even been invited to it? 还未被邀请参加婚礼，就先决定该穿甚么，你这不是本末倒置吗？
UK [kɑ:t] US [kɑ:rt] verb transitive + adverb or preposition
■to take something or someone somewhere, especially using a lot of effort （尤指费力地）运送，搬运
• We carted all the rubbish to the bottom of the garden and burned it. 我们把所有的垃圾都运到了花园的尽头烧掉了。
• Council workers have carted away all the dead leaves that had collected at the side of the road. 市政工作人员已将收拢在道路一旁的枯叶运走了。
• informal I've been carting (= carrying) these letters around with me all week, and I still haven't posted them. 我整个星期都把这些信带在身边，但还没有寄出去。
• informal The drunks who had been sleeping in the park were carted off (= taken by force) to the police station. 睡在公园里的醉汉被强行带到了警察局。

Word: characterise

Word: inherently
Front: inherently
[ɪnˈhɪərəntlɪ] (7670/9911)
Vocabulary: inherently
(once / 5480 pages)
adv
The adverb inherently means in a natural or innate manner. Some people enjoy your inherently cheerful nature, but it drives other people crazy because they find you annoyingly perky.
Inherently is the adverbial form of the adjective inherent. They both come from the Latin word inhaerere, meaning "adhere to," with the root haerere meaning "to stick." Synonyms for inherently include intrinsically and essentially. If you do something inherently, it is so well ingrained in you that it's become part of who you are. If you are inherently late to every meeting, you should probably set your watch 15 minutes early.
WORD FAMILY
inherent: inherency, inherently +/inhere: inhered, inherence, inherent, inheres, inhering/inherence: inherences/inherency: inherencies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Whole body cryotherapy is also inherently dangerous, which is why it should never be done alone.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“The suggestion that such categorizations are inherently offensive is nonsense,” Lane argued in earlier court documents.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
One school of thought holds that someone who pays nothing is inherently less invested, and possibly less responsible.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adv. 天性地，固有地
分布：天性地(60%)，固有地(40%)
ADJ
内在的;固有的;生来就有的
The inherent qualities of something are the necessary and natural parts of it.
例：Stress is an inherent part of dieting.节食必定会带来压力。
例：...the dangers inherent in an outbreak of war.一旦爆发战争所固有的危险
adv. 内在地；固有地；天性地
 - internally, intrinsically

Word: signatory
Front: signatory
[ˈsɪgnətri] (宝 17290/10479 -1)
Vocabulary: signatory
(once / 5694 pages)
n
A signatory is someone who signs a document and is subject to it. The co-signer for a loan is one type of signatory.
A signatory is someone who signs a contract, therefore creating a legal obligation. There could be several signatories for a specific contract. Over time, this word has often been used for a person or country who signs a peace treaty. If the treaty is broken, the signatory will be blamed. You could be a signatory for a marriage, mortgage, adoption, lawsuit, or employment contract.
WORD FAMILY
signatory: signatories+/co-sign: co-signed/countersign: countersignature, countersigned, countersigning, countersigns/insignificance: insignificances/ insignificant: insignificance, insignificantly/ sign: co-sign, countersign, signatory, signature, signed, signedly, signer, signify, signing, signs, undersign/ signature: signatures/signed: unsigned/signer: signers/ significance: significances/ significant: insignificant, nonsignificant, significance, significantly /signification: significations/signifier: signifiers/ signify: significant, signification, signified, signifier, signifies, signifying/signing: signings/undersign: undersigned, undersigning
USAGE EXAMPLES
There are also many smaller militias—the estimates of the disparate Syrian forces exceed one thousand—that are not signatories.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
Yu, the signatory from Beijing, said he never characterized himself as politically active until news of the Lei case this year stunned him.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Adding to the embarrassment, the UK is a signatory to an international treaty banning cluster bombs.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 签字人， 签约国
adj. 签署的，签约的
分布：签约国(62%)，签署者(38%)
→来自 sign,签字，签署，签约，-ate,使，-ory,形容词后缀。即签署的，签约的，后形容词作名 词使用，引申词义签署方，签署国等。
US [-tɔ:r.i] noun countable
■a person, organization or country which has signed an agreement 签约者；缔约国
• Most western European nations are signatories to/of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. 大部分西欧国家都是北大西洋公约组织的缔约国。

Word: splinter
Front: splinter
[ˈsplɪntə(r)] (12547/14469 -1)
Back: n. 尖片; 碎片; 微不足道的事情; 〈美俚〉极瘦的人
vt. & vi. 使分裂; 木头、玻璃、石头等（使）裂成碎片
vi. 团体分裂; 分离出来
时态：splintered, splintering, splinters
分布：分裂出来的小派别(32%)，破裂(23%)，尖碎片(15%)，分离的(15%)，组成小派别(15%)
→来自中古荷兰语 splinter,碎片，裂片，词源同 splint,铁片，夹板，-er,名词后缀。后用于指碎 片，碎木板，碎木条等。
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■a small sharp broken piece of wood, glass, plastic or similar material （木头、玻璃、塑胶等的）尖细条，尖碎片
• The girl had got a splinter (of wood) in her toe. 女孩脚趾上刺进了一块（木头）碎片。
UK ['splɪn.tər] US [-ɚ] verb intransitive
■to break into small, sharp pieces 裂成碎片
• The edges of the plastic cover had cracked and splintered. 塑胶罩的边缘裂成了碎片。
• figurative The danger is that the Conservative Party may splinter into several smaller political parties. 危险在于保守党可能会分裂成几个小政党。
n. 碎片；微小的东西；极瘦的人
 - debris, chip
vi. 分裂；裂成碎片
 - to split, split up
vt. 使分裂；使裂成碎片
 - tear, disrupt

Word: covet
Front: covet
[ˈkʌvət] (宝 12611/23675)
Vocabulary: covet
(once / 816 pages)
v
If you covet something, you eagerly desire something that someone else has. If it's 95 degrees out and humid, you may find yourself coveting your neighbor's air conditioner.
If the word covet sounds familiar, you're thinking of the Tenth Commandment: "Thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's house, thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's wife, nor his manservant, nor his maidservant, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor any thing that is thy neighbor's." Basically this means you should be happy with your electronic gadgets and not be jealous when a friend gets something better.
WORD FAMILY
covet: coveted, coveting, covets
USAGE EXAMPLES
In entertainment news, “Game of Thrones” once again wins the coveted Emmy Award for Drama Series With the Most Naked People.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Most spent high school with the adjective “coveted.”
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
The Communists coveted the far more sophisticated American weapons.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. & vi. 贪求，觊觎
adj. 值得渴望的
时态：coveted, coveting, covets
分布：觊觎(53%)，垂涎(31%)，贪图(16%)
→来自拉丁词cupio, 渴求，词源同Cupid, cupidity, hope.
['kʌv.ɪt] formal
verb transitive
■to want to have something very much, especially something which belongs to someone else 觊觎，垂涎（尤指他人之物）；贪求，渴望
• She always coveted power but never quite achieved it. 她一直贪求权力，但从未得逞。
• The Booker Prize is the most coveted British literary award. 布克奖是最令人向往的英国文学奖。
vt. 垂涎；觊觎
 - mouth water
vi. 垂涎；觊觎
 - mouth water

Word: ump
Front: ump
[ʌmp] (28519/-)
Back: n. 裁判员
vi. 当裁判
分布：当裁判(67%)，= umpire(33%)
vi. 当裁判
 - umpire
n. 裁判员
 - judge, referee

Word: budge
Front: budge
[bʌdʒ] (托宝 11139/14408 -1)
Vocabulary: budge
(once / 4251 pages)
v
To budge is to move — but just a little bit. People can budge physically from where they're sitting or standing, and people can budge from opinions and positions too.
If a bunch of your friends are sitting on a bench, and they're taking up too much space for you to sit, you could ask them to budge, meaning "Move over!" If you hate eggs and refuse to eat them no matter how they're cooked, you are refusing to budge from your anti-egg policy. Budge is most often used in a negative way, as in "I won't budge" or "They wouldn't budge." This word often applies to stubborn people. Since budge means to move just a tiny bit, what's the big deal? Someone who accuses you of not budging is basically saying you should.
WORD FAMILY
budge: budged, budges, budging
USAGE EXAMPLES
I pleaded with my parents to buy me Snake Mountain, but they wouldn’t budge.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Rather, this is the extraordinary tale of an extraordinary man who refused to budge from his pacifist beliefs, while also desiring to serve his country.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
On Dec. 9, Mr. Jammeh changed his mind and called for a new vote, refusing to budge.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. （使）稍微移动; （使）改变主意，（使）让步; （立场等）动摇; 推动
n. （毛向外翻的）羔羊皮; 革囊; 〈美方〉酒
adj. 用羔羊皮装饰的; <古>浮夸的; 自负的; 庄严的
时态：budged, budging, budges
分布：移动(57%)，妥协(19%)，羔皮(12%)，庄严的(12%)
→词源同boil, 沸腾，膨胀。插入字母d.
【记】budget（n 预算），去掉t（微微移动一点）就变成了‘budge’
verb intransitive or transitive
MOVE 移动
■If something will not budge or you cannot budge it, it will not move （使）轻微移动
• I've tried moving the desk but it won't budge/I can't budge it. 我试着移动书桌，但它纹丝不动。
[bʌdʒ] verb intransitive or transitive
CHANGE 改变
■If someone will not budge, or you cannot budge them, they will not change their opinion （使）改变主意
• I've tried persuading her, but she won't budge. 我试图说服她，可她就是不改变想法。
[bʌdʒ] verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  budge up UK informal
■said to someone in order to ask them to move so that there is room for you 挪一挪；让开
vi. 挪动；微微移动；改变态度或意见；服从
 - obey, be obedient to
vt. 使让步；移动；使改变态度或意见
 - put, locomote
n. 羔羊皮
 - lambskin, capeskin

Word: amplify
Front: amplify
[ˈæmplɪfaɪ] (研四六托雅宝 9595/9902 -1)
Vocabulary: amplify
(once / 2080 pages)
v
The verb amplify means to crank up the volume. Speakers amplify, or raise, the volume of the noise coming through a microphone so that everyone at the rock show can hear.
Amplify comes from the Old French word amplifier meaning "to enlarge or expand." It refers to making a sound “expand,” but it can also crank up something like a disagreement — if you spread rumors, you might amplify an argument. It can “enlarge” an idea — if you don't realize how bad your health is, your doctor might amplify your test results by explaining them to you in simple, and possibly frightening terms.
WORD FAMILY
amplify: amplification, amplified, amplifier, amplifies, amplifying+/amplification: amplifications/ amplifier: amplifiers
USAGE EXAMPLES
And now that trend is amplified by other developments, including a reassessment of the whole issue brought on by the Selig vote in particular.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
That daily problem is about to be amplified.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“The music would add something — add some dialogue, add a level of understanding or suggestion or provocativeness — rather than amplify what was already there.”
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 放大，扩大; 增强; 详述
vi. 详述; 引申; 发挥
时态：amplified, amplifying, amplifies
分布：扩大(50%)，增强(38%)，详述(12%)
放大,扩大(ampl+ify表动词→扩大)[ampl=large,表示"大"]
vt.放大,增强;详述,详加解说According to the pamphlet, the current in the amplifier can be amplified to 3 amperes.根据小册子,在放大器里的电流可以被放大到3安培.
【记】ampl大，ify表动作－放大
【参】amplified（adj 扩大的，充实的）；amplifier（n 放大器）
【反】mute（vt 减弱…的声音）；abridge（v 删节，精简）
verb transitive
■to make something louder 扩大，放大（声音）
• amplified music/guitar 经过放大的音乐／带有扩音设备的电吉他
■formal
■to increase the size or effect of something 扩大；增强
• A funeral can amplify the feelings of regret and loss for the relatives. 葬礼可以渲染生者痛失亲人的哀悼之情。
enlarge, magnify, increase, expand, multiply, augment, amplify
这组词都有“增加，增大”的意思，其区别是：
enlarge: 主要指面积或体积等的扩大。
magnify: 可指用光学仪器使物体看上去显得变大；也指事实上把某物增大，有时用于夸张意味。
increase: 指数量、强度和大小等方面的扩大或增加。
expand: 指范围、程度、体积和尺寸等方面的扩大或增加。
multiply: 通常指自然繁殖而产生的增长，有时也指同类事物数量的成倍增加。
augment: 较正式用词，一般指在原有的基础上增加含量而扩大。
amplify: 在科技中常指声音的扩大或电磁波的增强。也指补充了细节、详述或扩大内容等。此词系正式用语。
enlarge, stretch, expand, reinforce, magnify, amplify
enlarge: v.扩大，多指具体物品如相片的放大。
 • enlarge photograph   放大照片enlarge a house扩建房屋
stretch: v. (有弹性地)伸展，延伸，并有可能超过限度；伸长、伸出(身体某部位)并绷紧肌肉(尤指在放松后或为了够着某物)。
 • The pullover stretched after I had worn it a few times.   这件套头毛衣我穿了几次之后就撑大了。
 • Having finished their morning work, the clerks stood up behind their desks, stretching themselves.   完成了早间工作之后，职员们站到桌子后面伸伸懒腰。
expand: v.指范围、体积的扩大、增大，也可以指内容或细节的充实。
 • The balloon expanded, then exploded.   气球先是膨胀，然后就爆破了。
reinforce: v.增援，加固。
magnify: v.放大，指用透镜或显微镜使物体看上去大一些。
 • His eyeglasses magnify words so he can read them.   他借助眼睛把字放大以便能够阅读。
amplify: v.扩大，增加，尤其指通过增强电压或电流使声音扩大；补充叙述(故事、事件等)。
 • We must ask you to amplify your statement.   我们得请你对你的说法作进一步的说明。
enlarge, extend, stretch, prolong, inflate, expand, increase, multiply, lengthen, add, augment, amplify
enlarge: 放大（照片）
extend: 使…（在空间或时间上）更大，更长；伸长，伸展，延展；舒展（肢体），extend sth
stretch: vt 拉长，撑大；绵延，延续
prolong: 人为的延长时间
inflate: 使（轮胎、气球等）充气，膨胀，inflate sth (with sth)
expand: 使…变大，扩大，扩展，expand sth into sth
increase: 增加，增大（数目、数量、体积等），increase sth from…to…
multiply: 成倍的增加
lengthen: 指自然的延长时间或空间
add: 加，添加，add sth to sth
augment: vt 增多，增大，augment sth
amplify: 特指音量，电流等的扩大
vt. 放大，扩大；增强；详述
 - extend, zoom up
vi. 详述
 - expand on, enlarge on

Word: enormously
Front: enormously
[ɪˈnɔ:məsli] (7412/6401)
Back: adv. 巨大地，庞大地; 大大
分布：大量(50%)，极度(50%)
US [-'nɔ:r-] adverb
■extremely or very much 极其；非常
• She worked enormously hard on the project. 她为了这个案子拼命工作。
• The show was enormously popular. 演出极受欢迎。
adv. 巨大地，庞大地；非常地，在极大程度上
 - hugely, considerably, remarkably

Word: depose
Front: depose
[dɪˈpəʊz] (托宝 15933/15557 -1)
Vocabulary: depose
(once / 678 pages)
1v 2v
When you force someone in authority out of office — a politician, a king, or a cheerleading captain — you depose them.
The word almost always associated with an act of deposition is coup, meaning a sudden act of overthrowing of the government. Sometimes bloodless, more often not. On a less dramatic scale, lawyers depose less exalted folk every day; it means they take evidence from them under oath, possibly to be used in a court case later. Often those giving evidence (mobsters, murderers, financial scammers, etc,) are unwilling to talk to lawyers, hence the suggestion of a stripping away of power and dignity implicit in the term depose.
WORD FAMILY
depose: deposed, deposer, deposes, deposing, deposition +/deposer: deposers/ deposition: depositions
USAGE EXAMPLES
King Saud was deposed in 1964 and replaced by his brother King Faisal, who, in turn, was assassinated by a nephew.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Next month the attorneys said they are scheduled to depose Olympus executives in the U.S.
Seattle Times(Dec 19, 2016)
It seems there may be a nascent, rebel movement in North Korea attempting to depose North Korean Dear Leader, Kim Jong-un.
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: vt. 罢免，免职; 宣誓作证; 废黜（君主等）; 放置
vi. 宣誓证明
时态：deposed, deposing, deposes
分布：废黜(48%)，罢免(42%)，放下(10%)
→de-, 向下，离开。pose, 放置。即下放，罢免。
免职;沉淀(de去掉+pose放,职位→去掉职位→免职;de下去+pose→放下去→沉淀)[pos,posit=put表示"放"]
【记】de下，pose放－放下去－免职 源于：deposit（v 沉淀）
【参】repose（v /n 休息）
US [-'poʊz] verb transitive
■to remove someone important from a powerful position 罢免，使免职，使下台
• Margaret Thatcher was deposed as leader of the British Conservative Party in 1991. 1991年玛格丽特‧撒切尔被免去了英国保守党领袖的职务。
• King Charles I was deposed from the English throne in 1646. 1646年英王查理一世被废黜。
vt. 免职；作证；废黜
 - give evidence, bear witness

Word: dancer
Front: dancer
[ˈdɑ:nsə(r)] (雅 3663/4610 -K2)
Vocabulary: dancer
(once / 491 pages)
n
A dancer is someone who dances for fun, as a hobby, or for a job. The dancers at a rock concert often look like they're enjoying the music most of all.
You can be a dancer at your cousin's wedding reception, or a dancer in a professional ballet corps. Though the second example requires a much more serious commitment than the first, they both require you to move your body rhythmically, usually accompanied by music. In Old French, dancer means "to dance," and its origin is somewhat uncertain. One theory connects the word to the Old Frisian dintje, which means "tremble or quiver."
WORD FAMILY
dancer: dancers+/ dance: danceable, danced, dancer, dances, dancing/dancing: dancings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mendoza brought in an Apache crown dancer to purify the gym, and kept talking with that teenager.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“Let the audience sing,” she urged, and she cued one of her dancers to grab her in a lift.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
But then the singer, surrounded by dancers and a sea of humanity, appeared flustered and complained of technical difficulties.
Reuters(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 跳舞者，舞蹈演员; 舞女; 舞蹈家
分布：舞蹈演员(88%)，跳舞者(12%)
US ['dænt.sɚ] noun countable
 IMPROVER
■someone who dances either as a job or for pleasure 舞蹈演员；跳舞者
• He's a dancer in the Royal Ballet. 他是皇家芭蕾舞团的舞蹈演员。
• I never knew you were such a good dancer. 我一直都不知道你的舞跳得这么好。
n. 舞蹈家；舞蹈演员；舞女；跳舞者
 - hostess, Alma

Word: enlist
Front: enlist
[ɪnˈlɪst] (研托宝 5254/8582 -1)
Vocabulary: enlist
(once / 431 pages)
v
To enlist is to voluntarily join the military. You may have seen television commercials or posters encouraging people to enlist.
There are various ways people end up in the military. Sometimes there's a draft, which selects people whether they want to go or not. Sometimes people enlist, which means they sign up on their own. Enlisting also refers to recruiting or hiring people for some purpose or organization. If you are moving, you might try to enlist your friends to help — good luck with that.
WORD FAMILY
enlist: enlisted, enlistee, enlisting, enlistment, enlists+/delist: delisted, delisting/enlistee: enlistees/enlisting: enlistings/enlistment: enlistments, reenlistment/ list: delist, enlist, listed, lister, listing, listless, lists/listed: unlisted/lister: listers/ listing: listings/ listless: listlessly, listlessness/reenlistment: reenlistments
USAGE EXAMPLES
As he gravitates to skateboarding and Iggy Pop, she enlists two much younger women to help teach him how to be a good man.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
He enlisted in the Army in 2001 after two years at the University of Arkansas at Little Rock.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Weaver enlisted in the Pennsylvania State Police in December 2015 and was assigned to the Patrol Unit in Troop G in Huntingdon.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 征募; 赢得…的支持或合作; 赞助
vi. 应募，入伍; 积极参与
时态：enlisted, enlisting, enlists
分布：入伍(37%)，征募(31%)，使入伍(16%)，参与(12%)，获得...支持(4%)
→en-, 进入，使。list，清单，列表。
【记】en进入，list（n 名单）－进入（军队或公司的）名单－入伍；
【参】induction（n 征兵；引导）
verb
JOIN 加入
intransitive
■to join the armed forces 从军，入伍
• They both enlisted (in the navy) a year before the war broke out. 他们两个人都是在战争爆发前一年入伍（加入海军）的。
[ɪn'lɪst] verb
ASK FOR HELP 请求帮助
transitive slightly formal
■to ask for and get help or support from someone 争取，谋取（帮助或支援 ）
• We've got to enlist some people to help prepare the food. 我们得请些人来帮忙做饭。
• The organization has enlisted the support of many famous people in raising money to help homeless children. 这个组织募款帮助无家可归的儿童的活动已经得到了很多名人的支持。
vi. 支持；从军；应募；赞助
 - support of, stand up for sb
vt. 使入伍；征募；谋取…的赞助或帮助
 - recruit

Word: lazy
Front: lazy
[ˈleɪzi] (中高研四 6238/6453 -K2)
Vocabulary: lazy
(once / 328 pages)
adj
While lazy actually means being averse to work or avoiding it, it can also be used to describe something slow-moving or unenergetic, like when you stroll down the garden path with a lazy gait, not in a hurry to get anywhere.
The adjective lazy is thought to come from the Low German lasich, meaning "idle or languid." You were offended at being called lazy, but you just didn't have the energy to defend yourself. After all, who doesn't enjoy a lazy Sunday afternoon? Former President of Poland Lech Walesa once considered the benefits of being lazy when he said, “It's the lazy people who invented the wheel and the bicycle because they didn't like walking or carrying things."
WORD FAMILY
lazy: lazier, laziest, lazily, laziness +/ laziness: lazinesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
So is it everyone else who’s undereducated, lazy and undisciplined — or is she projecting?
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
In the final minute, Kennedy senior Jomaite Tavarez threw a lazy inbound pass and promptly received an audible chiding from Nelson.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
After he read Petersen’s letter, he decided he was lazy.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 懒惰的; 没精打采的; 慢吞吞的
级别：lazier, laziest
分布：懒惰的(85%)，懒散的(15%)
→词源不详，可能来自sleg,放松的，松弛的，词源同lax.
a.懒惰的,懒散的He's a lazy fellow.他是个懒汉.
adjective
 ESSENTIAL disapproving
■not willing to work or use any effort 懒的，懒惰的
• Managers had complained that the workers were lazy and unreliable. 经理们抱怨工人们懒惰而且不可靠。
• Get out of bed you lazy thing! 起床了，懒蛋！
• He's too lazy to walk to work. 他很懒，不愿走路上班。
■approving
■slow and relaxed 悠闲的，舒缓的
• We spent a lazy day on the beach sunbathing. 我们在沙滩上悠闲地晒了一天太阳。
idle, lazy
这组词都有“闲散，懒惰”的意思，其区别是：
idle: 通常指不忙，无事可干，一般不含应责备之意。
lazy: 指好逸恶劳，贪闲偷懒，或不愿学习或工作等，常含应受责备之意。
adj. 懒惰的；懒洋洋的；怠惰的；慢吞吞的
 - idle, sluggardly

Word: outward
Front: outward
[ˈaʊtwəd] (高研四六托 8599/8743 -1)
Back: adj. 向外的; 外面的; 公开的; [宗]肉体上的
adv. 向外（等于outwards）; 在外
n. 外表; 外面; 物质世界
分布：向外的(28%)，向外(21%)，在外(17%)，表面的(17%)，外部的(13%)，表面(4%)
→out-,向外，-ward,朝向。
a.外面的,公开的,向外的ad.向外,在外n.外表Afterwards, I went toward the yard and looked upward, downward, inward, outward, forward and backward.后来我走向院子,向上下内外前后看.
US [-wɚd] adjective
ON OUTSIDE 外面的
[before noun]
■relating to how people, situations or things seem to be, rather than how they are inside 外表的，外面的
• The outward appearance of the building has not changed at all in 200 years. 这幢大楼的外观200年里丝毫未变。
• If he is suffering, he certainly shows no outward sign of it. 即使他很痛苦，他也肯定不会表露一点出来。
• To all outward appearances everything was fine, but under the surface the marriage was very shaky. 表面看来，一切都很好，但实际上这段婚姻很不稳固。
Compare inward
UK ['aʊt.wəd] US [-wɚd] adjective
GOING AWAY 对外的
■away from the centre 向外的
• outward investment (= investment in other companies/countries) 对外投资
• We have the chance to build an outward -looking Europe that lives up to its global responsibilities. 我们有机会建设一个“外向型”欧洲，它能够真正担当起其世界责任。
Compare inward
[before noun]
■going towards a particular place, rather than returning from it 出发去某地（和从某地返回相对）
• The outward flight/journey took eight hours. 这趟出国飞行／旅行全程花了八个小时。
Compare return
outward, outer, exterior, external, outside
这组词都有“外部的”的意思，其区别是：
outward: 多指空间关系或方向上向外的。
outer: 主要提离开中心或内部较远的，或指比较在外的。
exterior: 强调位于事物的外表以上，但仍是该事物的一部分，较正式。
external: 指与其他物体分离或没有关系的外部，不涉及内容，只说明全然是外部的。
outside: 指超出某种界限之外的。
adj. 向外的；外面的；公开的；外服的；肉体的
 - outer, outside, external, material, open
adv. 向外（等于outwards）；在外；显而易见地
 - forth, out
n. 外表；外面；物质世界
 - person, external, garment, without

Word: middleman
Front: middleman
[ˈmɪdlmæn] (19569/20635 -1)
Vocabulary: middleman
(once / 5375 pages)
1n 2n
A middleman is someone who works buying goods from one source and selling them to another. For example, if you are selling your house, your real estate agent acts as the middleman between you and the buyer.
Anyone whose job involves buying and re-selling can be called a middleman, although sometimes the thing being sold is some kind of service rather than physical goods. One example of a middleman is a wholesaler who buys fruit and vegetables from farmers and then distributes them to large supermarkets. While sometimes it makes more sense for farmers to sell directly to stores, a middleman can simplify the process.
WORD FAMILY
middleman: middlemen
USAGE EXAMPLES
These middlemen tribes ferried everything from buffalo robes to   slaves, to be traded in exchange for muskets and flintlocks.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Middlemen, who bring goods into the interior of Venezuela, also use the exchange houses.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 18, 2016)
Multiple middlemen are often involved, leaving both publishers and advertisers uncertain about which ads will appear where.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 中间人; 经纪人; 调解人; 掮客
分布：中间人(73%)，经纪人(27%)
→比喻用法。
noun countable
■a person who buys goods from a producer and makes a profit by selling them to a shop or a user 经销商；中间商
• You can lower the price by cutting out (= avoiding the use of) the middleman and buying directly from the factory. 你可以绕过经销商直接从工厂采购来降低价格。
■someone who communicates or makes arrangements between two people or groups who are unwilling or unable to meet or deal directly with each other 中间人，经纪人
n. 中间人；经纪人；调解人
 - intermediary, Tweener

Word: oft
Front: oft
[ɒft] (22123/16503)
Back: adv. 常常，再三
分布：再三(100%)
→来自often的古英语。
US [ɑ:ft] old use or formal
adverb
■often 常，经常
• that oft- repeated cliché, 'Time heals' 那句经常重复的老话，即“时间能治愈创伤”
adv. 常常；再三
 - often, forever, always

Word: oxide
Front: oxide
[ˈɒksaɪd] (研六雅 9787/8269 -1)
Back: n. [化]氧化物
分布：氧化物(100%)
→来自oxygen和acide的合成词。并由该词衍生后缀-ide,化合物。
n.[化]氧化物To abide the abiding bidding, the oxide bidder strides on the seaside.为了忍耐无休止的吩咐,氧化物投标者在海滨阔步行走.
US ['ɑ:k-] noun countable or uncountable
■a chemical combination of oxygen and one other element 氧化物
• iron oxide 氧化铁
• an oxide of copper 一种铜的氧化物
n. [化学] 氧化物
 - oxyde

Word: undertaking
Front: undertaking
[ˌʌndəˈteɪkɪŋ] (四六托 9442/4193 -1)
Vocabulary: undertaking
(once / 397 pages)
1n 2n
Painting a house is a serious undertaking––it looks simple but involves a lot of preparation and hard work. An undertaking is a job or a task you commit to. The word also can mean the profession of funeral management.
When you take something under consideration, it means you're not necessarily going to do it, you're just going to think about it. When you take something on, you've undertaken to actually do it. The word undertaking suggests something that involves quite a bit of work. Organizing an Oxfam hunger-day at your school is a significant undertaking, but it's worth all the effort.
WORD FAMILY
undertaking: undertakings+/ undertake: undertaken, undertaker, undertakes, undertaking, undertook/ undertaker: undertakers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Utah is undertaking a test of the technology on a stretch of Salt Lake City’s Redwood Road, a major north-south commuter route.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Forecasting reforms in the city’s Youth Rehabilitation Act , the second - chance law for youthful offenders, is an even more treacherous undertaking.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Everyone who crafted NBC’s “Emerald City” seems acutely aware of what an ambitious undertaking it was to follow this yellow brick road.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 企业; 事业; 殡仪事业; 保证
v. 担任( undertake的现在分词); 着手作
分布：事业(63%)，企业(18%)，保证(14%)，许诺(3%)，殡仪业(2%)
→来自undertake, 承担，引申词义重大事业，艰巨的任务。比较enterprising.
US ['ʌn.dɚˌteɪ.kɪŋ] noun countable
JOB 工作
■a job, business or piece of work 工作；任务；企业；事业
• The construction of the tunnel is a large and complex undertaking. 该隧道的修建是项复杂的大工程。
UK [ˌʌn.də'teɪ.kɪŋ] US ['ʌn.dɚˌteɪ.kɪŋ] noun countable
PROMISE 承诺 formal
■a formal promise 正式承诺
• [+ that] formal The manager gave a written undertaking that no one would lose their job. 经理写下了书面保证，不会让任何人丢掉工作。
n. 事业；企业；保证；殡仪业
 - career, enterprise, assurance, certification, commitment
v. 同意；担任；许诺（undertake的ing形式）
 - holding, promising, agreeing, granting

Word: rugby
Front: rugby
[ˈrʌgbi] (高 15490/2794 -3)
Back: n. 橄榄球运动; 拉格比市（英格兰中部的城市）; 英式橄榄球
分布：橄榄球(100%)
→原为英国中部 Warwickshire 地名 Rugby,因该运动发源于 Rugby school 而得名。字面意思可 能为某个昵称 Rug 的人的城镇，比较 derby.
['rʌg.bi] (formal rugby football)
noun uncountable
 IMPROVER
■a sport where two teams try to score points by carrying an oval ball across a particular line or kicking it over and between an H-shaped set of posts 英式橄榄球

Word: barricade
Front: barricade
[ˌbærɪˈkeɪd] (托雅宝 11273/14615 -2)
Vocabulary: barricade
(once / 1071 pages)
nv
A barricade is anything that prevents people or vehicles from getting through. Construction workers often barricade a street to block traffic.
You know how barriers block things from getting through? A barricade is similar. Soldiers create barricades to keep enemy troops out. Police officers put up barricades around a crime scene. If an electrical wire becomes loose and dangerous, a barricade around the area will keep people from getting hurt. This can also be a verb, like when parents barricade part of their house to keep toddlers from getting into trouble. Barricading is a physical way of saying "Keep out!"
WORD FAMILY
barricade: barricaded, barricades, barricading
USAGE EXAMPLES
Pasadena police plan to use parked patrol cars and heavy, water-filled barricades at more than 50 intersections along the parade’s route.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Sanchez said the barricade plan already was in place before the Berlin attack earlier this month.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The Turkish army were bombing the city, and there were many attacks on the trenches and barricades, especially at night.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 路障，障碍物; 防御，阻碍
vt. 设路障于，以障碍物阻塞; 封锁，阻挡
时态：barricaded, barricading, barricades
分布：街垒(77%)，障碍物(7%)，封锁(6%)，栅栏(6%)，阻拦(2%)，设路障挡住(2%)
→词源同barrel, 桶。该词来自于巴黎1588年的一次Huguenot 暴动，大量的桶装满泥土，沙石等堆放在马路中间，堵塞主干道。而具体创造出该方法之人已不可考。
障碍物(barr+ic+ade表名词)[barr=stick表示,"捧,栏"]
栅栏(barr栅栏+ic+adc)[-ade表名词1.表示"状态,物品"2.表示"个人或集体"]
【记】bar（vt 阻挡；n 木棒），所以barric是阻止的词根－路障
【反】permit passage（允许通过）
noun countable
■a line or pile of objects put together, especially quickly, to stop people from going where they want to go （尤指迅速设置的）障碍物，路障
• Inmates erected a barricade between themselves and prison officers. 囚犯们设置了路障，把狱警和他们隔开。
['bær.ɪ.keɪd] [--'-] verb transitive
■to build a barricade across, around or in front of something 于某物的对面、周围或前面设路障
• Barricade the doors! 堵住门！
• [R + adv/prep] Terrified villagers have barricaded them selves into their houses. 惊恐不安的村民们把自己关在家里不出来。
n. 街垒；路障；争论之处
 - road-block
vt. 设路障；阻碍
 - slow, impede

Word: archipelago
Front: archipelago
[ˌɑ:kɪˈpeləgəʊ] (托宝 14572/16029)
Vocabulary: archipelago
(once / 1348 pages)
n
Now here's a word, archipelago, that is super-specific: it means a group of many islands. Wouldn't it be great to build your dream house in the Galapagos archipelago?
It seems that archipelago came from the Italian Arciplago, the name for the Aegean Sea, which is full of many many islands. Somehow that became the word for any sea that is chock-full of islands. You can also use archipelago to indicate some other grouping that involves neither islands nor water but is similar to them. Your little sister might create an archipelago of Lego buildings on your living room carpet.
WORD FAMILY
archipelago: archipelagic, archipelagoes, archipelagos
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Azores are an archipelago of nine volcanic islands located about 900 miles west of Portugal.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
The census lists 90 people living on the remote archipelago on 15 June 1764 - 38 males and 52 females, including 19 families and nine individuals.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
“Will you work on the translation in your wooden house on the archipelago?”
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 群岛，列岛; 多岛屿的海
分布：群岛(98%)，多岛海(2%)
→前缀arch-, 始，主要。词根pelag, 海，见pelagic, 海面的，词源同plan, 平的。指爱琴海，后指爱琴海众多小岛。
群岛[arch=chief(主要的)]
【记】1）archi主要的，多，pelago海－海中有很多岛－群岛2）archi主要的，pelago读：怕路过。主要怕路过。在大海中航行，主要的怕路过的地方不就是群岛吗，因为那里暗礁太多。3）中间有chip（n 碎片）：群岛就是象碎片一样散落在海中的！4）arch弧形，ipelago，群岛一般是弧形的
US [ˌɑ:r.kɪ'pel.ə.goʊ] (plural archipelagos or archipelagoes)
noun countable
■a group of small islands or an area of sea in which there are many small islands 群岛；群岛周围的海域
• the Hawaiian archipelago 夏威夷群岛

Word: cosmopolitan
Front: cosmopolitan
[ˌkɒzməˈpɒlɪtən] (托雅宝 12655/13852 -1)
Vocabulary: cosmopolitan
(once / 2157 pages)
adjn
Your Aunt Eleanor, who's lived in six different countries and speaks four languages fluently, might be described as cosmopolitan, or comfortable and familiar with different cultures and people.
People who are cosmopolitan have an air of glamour surrounding them, a sense that they've seen a lot of the world and are sophisticated and at ease with all different kinds of people. Places can also be described as cosmopolitan, meaning "diverse," or bustling with lots of people of varying nationalities. Any way you use it, cosmopolitan implies a sophistication, which might explain why both a well-known alcoholic cocktail and a famous women's magazine are both named after the word cosmopolitan.
WORD FAMILY
cosmopolitan: cosmopolitanly, cosmopolitans
USAGE EXAMPLES
His was an astonishingly more cosmopolitan world-view than that displayed by today’s Chinese leaders.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
A reaction against the cosmopolitan complexity of the early 21st century.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
In a global age, should we cultivate national solidarity or aspire to a cosmopolitan ethic of universal human concern?
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 世界性的，全世界的; 四海为家的; 全球的
n. 世界主义者; 四海为家者
分布：世界性的(67%)，世界主义者(16%)，四海一家的(9%)，久经世故的(5%)，遍生于世界的(3%)
→cosm, 宇宙。-polit, 城市，词源同police,metropolitan.
US [ˌkɑ:z.mə'pɑ:.lɪ.tˌən] usually approving
adjective
■containing or having experience of people and things from many different parts of the world 来自世界各地的；国际大都会的；世界性的
• New York is a highly cosmopolitan city. 纽约是个国际化程度很高的大都市。
UK [ˌkɒz.mə'pɒl.ɪ.tən] US [ˌkɑ:z.mə'pɑ:.lɪ.tˌən] usually approving
noun countable
■someone who has experience of many different parts of the world 四海为家的人；周游世界的人
• Lisa is a real cosmopolitan. 莉萨真是见多识广。

Word: foray
Front: foray
[ˈfɒreɪ] (托宝 10224/11306 -1)
Vocabulary: foray
(once / 2555 pages)
1nv 2n
Foray means brief excursion. If you're in the army, that's a literal excursion into enemy territory. For the rest of us, it means trying something out. "My foray into rugby ended with my spending a week in the hospital."
This word derives from the Latin fuerre 'straw', which led into Old French as fourager 'forage,' or search for food. Think of soldiers stealing food from the enemy as maybe how this word first came to be used. Even if that is historically inaccurate, your foray into amateur word-sleuthing will help you remember this word.
WORD FAMILY
foray: forayed, foraying, forays
USAGE EXAMPLES
Then there was the humiliation of “Glitter,” Carey’s disastrous 2001 foray into film stardom, which was lambasted by the critics and public alike.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
This is our first new foray into mass transit, and that’s important for us.”
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Stanley Kubrick’s foray into the horror genre, now a classic, is still unsettling.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 突袭; 侵略; 冒险
vi. 袭击
vt. 劫掠
时态：forayed, foraying, forays
分布：突袭(40%)，尝试(38%)，劫掠(12%)，侵略(10%)
→词源同forage, 觅食。引申词义尝试，突袭等。
【记】for，ray：为了光明－偷袭敌人，劫掠财产
US ['fɔ:r-] noun countable
ATTEMPT 尝试
■a short involvement in an activity which is different from and outside the range of a usual set of activities 初次尝试
• She made a brief foray into acting before becoming a teacher. 她在当老师之前曾经涉足表演。
UK ['fɒr.eɪ] US ['fɔ:r-] noun countable
VISIT 拜访
■a short visit, especially with a known purpose （尤指有明确目的的）短暂访问
• I made a quick foray into town before lunch to get my sister a present. 午饭前我很快地进了一趟城，去为我妹妹买一件礼物。
UK ['fɒr.eɪ] US ['fɔ:r-] noun countable
ATTACK 攻击
■the act of an army suddenly and quickly entering the area belonging to the enemy in order to attack them or steal their supplies （军队为了打击敌人或夺取补给品的）突袭，闪电式侵袭
n. 突袭；侵略；攻击
 - attack, attempt, invasion, push, aggression
vi. 袭击
 - descend on, set at
vt. 劫掠
 - reave

Word: forensic
Front: forensic
[fəˈrensɪk] (宝 7344/8891 -1)
Vocabulary: forensic
(once / 4648 pages)
1adj 2adj
The adjective forensic describes scientific methods used to investigate crimes. If you're looking for forensic evidence, you're using your scientific know-how to find proof that will help solve crimes.
The adjective forensic comes from the Latin word forensis, meaning “in open court” or “public.” When you describe something as forensic you usually mean that is has to do with finding evidence to solve a crime. It could also mean that it has to do with the courts or legal system. You could have a forensic advantage — meaning an advantage in court — if the forensic team — meaning the investigators — found no forensic evidence of you being involved.
WORD FAMILY
forensic: forensically
USAGE EXAMPLES
At the forensic institute in Istanbul, some families gathered to collect the bodies of the victims.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
“Frankly, how you handle your forensic cases in Virginia is the best I’ve seen anywhere,” she said.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
She was a grumpy, skeptical woman, and the reason I wanted to be a forensic pathologist for most of my early adolescence.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 法庭的，法院的; 公开辩论的，论争的; 适于法庭的
n. 辩论练习; 辩论学，辩论术
分布：法院的(67%)，适合于辩论的(22%)，关于法庭的(11%)
→来自拉丁语forensis, 集会的，法庭的，词源同forum, 论坛，法庭。
【记】源于：forum（n 古罗马城镇的广场；论坛；法庭）fo佛，ren人，si死：佛和人中死了一个，需要在法庭上辩论一下，是佛谋杀了人，还是人谋杀了佛？结果是大臭佛（李宏志）谋杀了人！！！
adjective [before noun]
■related to scientific methods of solving crimes, involving examining the objects or substances that are involved in the crime 法医的
• forensic evidence/medicine/science 法医证据／学／科学
• Forensic examination revealed a large quantity of poison in the dead man's stomach. 法医检验显示死者胃中有大量毒药。
adj. 法院的；辩论的；适于法庭的
 - juridical, argumentative

Word: fief
Front: fief
[fi:f] (32256/24868)
Vocabulary: fief
(once / 3751 pages)
n
Under the feudal system, a fief was a piece of land. This is short for fiefdom.
Words that go along with fief are vassal and feudal lord; the lord (kind of like our landlords) owned the fief and the vassal was subject to all of his rules. If you were the lord of a fief, your tenant was your servant. If you were to work on someone's farm but were paid nothing, it would be like you were working a fief. The word is not used much these days — though people still don’t like landlords much.
WORD FAMILY
fief: fiefdom, fiefs+/fiefdom: fiefdoms
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is now the fief of a handful of behemoths.
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
Hollywood teems with pompous self-appointed kings ruling their fiefs as they see fit.
New York Times(Nov 22, 2016)
His domain split into warring fiefs that eventually gave rise to Russia, Belarus and Ukraine.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
Back: n. 封地，采邑
分布：封地(82%)，活动范围(18%)
→来自peku, 牛。引申词义耕作，耕种，指有土地所有权的国王或庄园领主把土地封给其臣民或臣子进行耕作，以臣民或臣子上交一定的田租或提供劳务服务做为交换，类似于中国古代的分封制。比较其同源词feudal, fee.
n. 封地，采邑
 - feod, appanage

Word: reassurance
Front: reassurance
[ˌri:əˈʃʊərəns] (研 10591/7601 -1)
Back: n. 使安心; 再保证
分布：再保证(75%)，再安慰(25%)
【记】re反复，assure（v 保证），ance：反复保证－安心
US [-'ʃʊr.ənts] noun countable or uncountable
■words of advice and comfort intended to make someone feel less worried 能消除疑虑的话；安慰，慰藉
• I felt I couldn't cope with the situation and was in desperate need of some reassurance. 我觉得我应付不了这种局面，真是特别需要别人的安慰。
• Despite her father's reassurances, she was still frightened of the dark. 尽管她父亲说了很多安慰的话，可她还是惧怕黑暗。

Word: issuance
Front: issuance
['ɪʃjʊəns] (19824/30393)
Back: n. <美>发行，发布
分布：发行(91%)，发布(9%)
n. 发布，发行
 - emission, release, launch

Word: spencer
Front: spencer
['spensə] (-/4594)
Back: n. 紧身短上衣，前桅，纵帆; 茄克衫
分布：男子名).(50%)，斯宾塞(姓氏(50%)
n. 前桅，纵帆；针织短上衣
 - foremast

Word: engulf
Front: engulf
[ɪnˈgʌlf] (托宝 9563/9687 -1)
Vocabulary: engulf
(once / 2179 pages)
v
Engulf is a verb that means being completely surrounded, soaked, or covered. Fire, snow, smoke, flood waters, or even violence are a few things that could engulf you.
Suppose an amusement park had a ride called Into the Whirlpool. Sounds like one for thrill-seekers who aren't afraid of water. Riders should expect to get lost inside, fully absorbed by the experience. The word engulf comes from the Old French word golfe, meaning "whirlpool," and the prefix en-, meaning "in or into." Riders of Into the Whirlpool should expect to feel engulfed — surrounded by water and completely covered.
WORD FAMILY
engulf: engulfed, engulfing, engulfs+/ gulf: engulf, gulfs
USAGE EXAMPLES
Soon he was followed by sprinting, dancing teammates who were quickly engulfed in hugs and confetti.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Then the crisis at Fort Sumter escalated, threatening to engulf the nation.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
A man was found dead as a fire engulfed an apartment unit Sunday evening in Long Beach.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. 吞没; 包住; 吞食; 狼吞虎咽
时态：engulfed, engulfing, engulfs
分布：吞没(43%)，吞噬(38%)，席卷(19%)
→en-, 进入，使。gulf, 海湾，吞没。
【记】gulf（n 海湾vt 吞没）en进入，gulf＝golf高尔夫的球洞：吞噬高尔夫球
verb transitive
■to surround and cover something or someone completely 包围；吞没；淹没
• The flames rapidly engulfed the house. 大火很快吞没了那座房子。
• Northern areas of the country were engulfed by/in a snowstorm last night. 昨晚一场暴风雪席卷了这个国家的北部地区。
• The war is threatening to engulf the entire region. 战火有可能会席卷整个地区。
vt. 吞没；吞食，狼吞虎咽
 - gulf, devour

Word: impasse
Front: impasse
[ˈæmpɑ:s] (宝 12663/14887 -1)
Vocabulary: impasse
(once / 5602 pages)
n
When two huge semi trailers met face-to-face on a one-lane mountain road, the drivers jumped out of their cabs and exclaimed, "We're at an impasse! We can't move forward — we can only reverse and go back in the direction from which we came."
If you investigate impasse a little more closely, you'll discover passer, the French word for to pass. The im- prefix is a negative, meaning that there's no way any passing is going to occur. It's impossible. An impasse is any situation in which the parties involved can't, or won't, move forward or make any sort of progress. Either they are literally stuck, like two big trucks trying to pass each other on a narrow road, or they are figuratively stuck, as in two politicians who are unable to reach an agreement on a new policy.
WORD FAMILY
impasse: impasses
USAGE EXAMPLES
NBCUniversal declared an impasse in the contract talks Thursday, but negotiations resumed Friday and continued Saturday.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The memory of the 2011 budget impasse and shutdown looms large for Dayton.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
NBC on Thursday declared an impasse in the negotiations, but discussions between the two sides resumed Friday.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 绝境; 僵局; 死路; 死胡同
分布：僵局(93%)，死路(7%)
→来自法语，词源同impassable,不能通行的。引申词义僵局。
死路;僵局(im不+passe→通不过→死路)[pass=passthrough表示"通过"]
【记】im不，passe通路，通过－没有出口的路或通道－死路；僵局
US ['ɪm.pæs] noun uncountable
■a situation in which further development is impossible 绝境；僵局
• The dispute had reached an impasse, as neither side would compromise. 由于双方都不肯让步，争端陷入僵局。
n. 僵局；死路
 - logjam, deadlock

Word: mercury

Word: jolt
Front: jolt
[dʒəʊlt] (托雅宝 10838/14872 -1)
Vocabulary: jolt
(once / 1221 pages)
vn
To jolt someone is to disturb them or make them jump. A jolt is sudden and jarring.
Jolting disturbs or surprises people. If you surprise someone and they jump up a little, you jolted them. Alarm clocks jolt people out of sleep. A sudden crack of thunder could provide a jolt. The unexpected barking of a dog could jolt you. Jolting is quick and not very pleasant. A jolt jars and stuns you. Some jolts are more serious: crashing your car jolts the people in the car violently.
WORD FAMILY
jolt: jolted, jolting, jolts, jolty+/jolting: joltingly/jolty: joltily
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Maryland political scene will experience an unexpected jolt when:
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
What may jolt even those who supported Mr. Trump is the extremity of Mr. Price’s views on women’s health.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Second, Indiana’s roads need long-overdue mending and rebuilding, an initiative that would deliver a positive jolt to the state’s economy.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. （使）摇动，（使）震惊; 使震惊; 使颠簸
vi. 摇晃，颠簸而行
n. 颠簸，摇，震惊，严重挫折; 震惊，引起震惊的事情; 突然的猛击; 意外的挫折
时态：jolted, jolting, jolts
分布：震动(26%)，颠簸(19%)，震摇(17%)，震惊(14%)，摇动(8%)，动摇(6%)，颠簸而行(5%)，少量(4%)，敲击(1%)
→可能来自中古英语jollen,击，打，连续猛击。引申词义震动，晃动。
【记】读：咒他－他把你的女朋友抢了，你就咒他被猝击。
US [dʒoʊlt] verb
MOVE SUDDENLY 突然移动
intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep]
■to (cause something or someone to) move suddenly and violently （使）震动，（使）猛然摇动
• The train stopped unexpectedly and we were jolted forwards. 火车突然停住了，我们都猛然向前晃了一下。
• The truck jolted along the rough track through the field. 卡车沿着田野里崎岖的小路颠簸前行。
UK [dʒəʊlt] US [dʒoʊlt] verb
SHOCK 震惊
transitive
■to shock someone in order to change their behaviour or way of thinking 使震惊
• The charity used photos of starving children in an attempt to jolt the public conscience (= make them feel guilty and take action). 慈善机构用饥饿儿童的照片来触发大众的良知。
jolt sb into/out of sth
■to give someone a sudden shock which forces them to act 使（某人）受到震惊（而采取行动）；使（某人）从…中觉醒
• The news about Sam's illness jolted her into action. 山姆生病的消息使她顿然醒觉，开始采取行动。
UK [dʒəʊlt] US [dʒoʊlt] noun countable
MOVEMENT 动作
■a sudden violent movement 震动，剧烈晃动；颠簸
• As the plane touched the ground, there was a massive jolt and we were thrown forwards. 飞机着陆时剧烈震动，我们被猛地甩向前方。
• I woke up with a jolt as I thought I heard my bedroom door being pushed open. 我好像听到自己卧室的门被推开，猛地惊醒了。
UK [dʒəʊlt] US [dʒoʊlt] noun countable
SHOCK 震惊
■an unpleasant shock or surprise 震惊，惊讶
• His self-confidence took a sudden jolt with the news that he had not been selected. 他未能获选的消息使他的自信心遭受意外打击。
vt. 使颠簸；使震惊；使摇动
 - shock, surge
vi. 摇晃；颠簸而行
 - rock, roll
n. 颠簸；摇晃；震惊；严重挫折
 - shock, roll

Word: intake
Front: intake
[ˈɪnteɪk] (六 6025/4980 -2)
Vocabulary: intake
(once / 4116 pages)
n
The act of consuming food can be called intake. A veterinarian might advise you to limit your dog's intake of pizza crusts, for example.
While the process of eating can be called your intake, unless you're a militant dieter who weighs every ounce of food you consume, you're most likely to hear the word intake in a hospital or doctor's office. Caregivers might be concerned about a patient's intake of calories if he's very sick, or a dietitian might recommend an elderly woman increase her intake of calcium.
WORD FAMILY
intake: intakes
USAGE EXAMPLES
It seems as though it should be simple: Just exercise to burn more calories and reduce your calorie intake.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
I remember the parent’s intake of breath and a surprised, “Oh.”
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
STEINES: Bob said, seriously, limit your fluid intake, because you are up there trying to be focused.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 吸入，进气; （液体等）进入口; 摄入，摄取; 纳入（数）量
分布：吸入(56%)，入口(26%)，通风口(10%)，招收(8%)
→in-,进入，使，take,拿，带。引申词义吸收，摄入。
noun
BREATH 呼吸
countable
■an act of taking in something, especially breath 吸入；（尤指）吸气
• I heard a sharp intake of breath behind me. 我听见后面有人深深地吸了一口气。
['ɪn.teɪk] noun
AMOUNT 数量
uncountable
■the amount of a particular substance which is eaten or drunk during a particular time 摄入量
• It says on the packet that four slices of this bread contains one half of your recommended daily intake of fibre. 包装上写着四片这种面包就包含了建议的每天纤维摄取量的一半。
uncountable
■the number of people that are accepted at a particular time by an organization, especially a college or university （尤指学院或大学的）招生人数
• The teacher-training college has increased its intake of students by 50% this year. 这所师范学院今年的招生人数增加了一半。
['ɪn.teɪk] noun
OPENING 开口
countable
■an opening through which air, liquid or gas is taken in 输入口
• The Tornado jet fighter-bomber has two air intakes, one at the base of each wing. 旋风喷射战斗轰炸机有两个进气口，每个机翼的底部各有一个。
n. 摄取量；通风口；引入口；引入的量
 - ventilation opening

Word: paralysis
Front: paralysis
[pəˈræləsɪs] (六托雅 9996/13729 -1)
Vocabulary: paralysis
(once / 1470 pages)
n
Paralysis is the inability to move part of your body. It's actually fairly common for people to have short periods of paralysis while they sleep.
Paralysis is the experience of being paralyzed, or unable to move part or all of your body. There are medical conditions that can cause paralysis. You can also use paralysis to describe the inability to act, like the paralysis of a city during a big snowstorm, or the paralysis of the school play's star, suddenly struck with stage fright.
WORD FAMILY
paralysis: paralyses, paralytical
USAGE EXAMPLES
After a long stretch of political paralysis, Afghanistan formed a government with Mr. Ghani in the presidency.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
He is talking about Guillain-Barré syndrome, a condition which occurs when the immune system attacks the peripheral nervous system – causing severe muscle weakness and paralysis.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
The opportunity here is to move from paralysis to practicality.
Washington Post(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 麻痹，瘫痪; 中风; 无能，无气力
分布：瘫痪(53%)，麻痹(47%)
→来自paralyse,瘫痪。
麻痹(para旁边+lysis分开→旁边分开→麻痹)[lys,lyst=breakbown,表示"裂开,分解"]
[pə'ræl.ə.sɪs] (plural paralyses)
noun countable or uncountable
■when you are unable to move all or part of your body because of illness or injury 麻痹，瘫痪
• Some nervous disorders can produce paralysis. 有些神经紊乱有可能导致瘫痪。
■when you are unable to take action 不知所措；（行动）瘫痪，停顿
• political paralysis 政治瘫痪状态
n. [内科] 麻痹；无力；停顿
 - numbness, asthenia

Word: ninth
Front: ninth
[naɪnθ] (中高 5059/5636 -4)
Back: n. 第九; 九分之一
adj. 第九的; 九分之一的
分布：第九(94%)，九分之一(6%)
ordinal number
 ADVANCED
■9th written as a word 第九（的）
• The ninth letter of the alphabet is I. 字母表中第九个字母是 I。
• The school term ends on the ninth (of July). 学期（7月）9号结束。
[naɪntθ] noun countable
■one of nine equal parts of something 九分之一
• A ninth of 27 is 3. 27的9分之一为3。

Word: throng
Front: throng
[θrɒŋ] (四六托雅宝 11014/14863 -1)
Vocabulary: throng
(once / 312 pages)
nv
A throng is a crowd of people or animals. On the crowded platform, the throng of passengers attempted to push their way into the already overcrowded subway car.
When used as a noun, throng means a tightly packed crowd of people or animals. As a verb, it means to push together or squeeze into an area. The science fiction movie fans thronged into the auditorium when they heard their favorite actor had entered the building. The word comes to us from the Middle English term meaning "push" or "force one's way," which is exactly what you'd have to do if you got stuck inside a throng of people.
WORD FAMILY
throng: thronged, thronging, throngs
USAGE EXAMPLES
Kelly is among the throngs of artists who are playing music until it hurts.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
The clergy’s stance, however, hasn’t stopped Muslims across the country from joining the throngs of Americans shopping, decorating and cooking this season.
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Tourists throng the plaza in front of St. Stephen’s Cathedral, at the heart of the Austrian capital.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 人群，大群人; 众多
vt. & vi. 群集; 蜂拥而至; 挤满
时态：thronged, thronging, throngs
分布：人群(48%)，一大群(16%)，群集(15%)，挤满(14%)，大量(7%)
→来自中英语 thrang,人群，来自 Proto-Germanic*thrangwa,人群，来自 trenk,挤，压，催促， 可能来自 tere,弯，转，扭曲，词源同 turn,throw,torque.比喻用法，即拧在一起。
【记】th死，rong冗：死人冗余了－群集
【区】throne（n 王座；君主）
US [θrɑ:ŋ] noun countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■a crowd or large group of people 人群；群众
• A huge throng had gathered round the speaker. 讲者周围聚集了一大群人。
UK [θrɒŋ] US [θrɑ:ŋ] verb intransitive + adverb or preposition transitive
■to be or go somewhere in very large numbers （人群）蜂拥，群集
• Crowds thronged the market place. 市场里挤满了人。
• The narrow streets were thronged with summer visitors. 狭窄的街道上挤满了夏天来此的游客。
• [+ to infinitive] Thousands of people thronged to see the exhibition while it was in London. 展览在伦敦举办时，成千上万的人蜂拥而至。
people, masses, crowd, throng, mob
这些名词均有“人们，人群”之意。
people: 最普通用词，不带任何色彩，泛指不确定数量的人们。
masses: 指群众或平民，在西方国家含贬义，在我国含褒义。
crowd: 本义指一大群紧紧聚集在一起的人群，现指群众整体，由个体结合的人群或大众。
through: 与crowd含义很接近，常可换用，但侧重指向前运动的群众。
mob: 含贬义，指乌合之众、暴民。
n. 人群；众多
 - crowd, mass
vt. 群集；挤满
 - burst at the seams, be packed with
vi. 蜂拥而至；群集
 - host, pack
adj. 拥挤的
 - crowded, jammed

Word: unwise
Front: unwise
[ˌʌnˈwaɪz] (14547/9528 -1)
Back: adj. 不明智的，不聪明的; 愚蠢的; 欠考虑的; 轻率的
分布：不明智的(98%)，愚笨的(2%)
【记】un不，wise（adj 英明的；明智的）：不明智的
【反】judicious（adj 明智的）
adjective
■stupid and likely to cause problems 愚蠢的；不明智的；不审慎的
adj. 不明智的；愚蠢的；轻率的
 - foolish, stupid

Word: hitch
Front: hitch
[hɪtʃ] (11186/14666 -1)
Vocabulary: hitch
(once / 827 pages)
1vn 2n 3v 4vn 5n 6v
A hitch is an obstacle or hindrance. You might be late because of a last minute hitch, like waiting for a family of ducks to cross the road. If things go well, they go off without a hitch.
The word hitch has a gazillion meanings — it’s a hook, a limp, short for hitchhiking, slang for getting married — but the most common meaning is that a hitch is a little problem. If you’ve packed a picnic and then it rains, the weather is a hitch in your plans. Hitches include hang-ups, snafus, impediments, and other things that interfere. Often this term is used in the phrase "without a hitch" for things that go smoothly.
WORD FAMILY
hitch: hitched, hitches, hitching, unhitch+/unhitch: unhitched, unhitches, unhitching
USAGE EXAMPLES
Once one of these books becomes a mega-hit, publishers look for ways to hitch their wagons to the lead horse.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
But here was the hitch: Viewers in the Eastern U.S. tuned in for his show at 11:30 a.m.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Metro argues that the companies failed to inspect the bus before hitching it to the tow truck.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. （免费）搭乘他人之车; 猛拉; 蹒跚; （使）结婚
vt. （用环、钩等）套住，钩住（某物）
n. 故障，挫折; 系住，勾住; 急拉
时态：hitched, hitching, hitches
分布：猛拉(26%)，蹒跚(14%)，拴住(14%)，急拉(12%)，免费搭车(8%)，免费乘车(6%)，妨碍(4%)，拉紧(4%)，急促猛推(4%)，连住(4%)，跛行(4%)
→来自中古英语icchen,猛拉，猝动，引申词义钩住。词义搭免费车缩写自hitchhike.
noun countable
■a temporary difficulty which causes a short delay 临时故障，小问题
• Due to a slight technical hitch the concert will be starting half an hour late. 由于出了一点小小的技术故障，音乐会将顺延半个小时开始。
[hɪtʃ] noun countable
go (off) without a hitch
■to happen successfully without any problems 顺利进行
• To the bride's relief, the wedding ceremony went off without a hitch. 令新娘松了一口气的是，婚礼一切顺利。
[hɪtʃ] verb
RIDE 乘
hitch a lift/ride informal
■to get a free ride in someone else's vehicle as a way of travelling 搭便车，免费搭车
• They hitched a lift to Edinburgh from a passing car. 他们搭乘一辆过路的车到了爱丁堡。
[hɪtʃ] verb
FASTEN 固定
transitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to fasten something to another thing by tying it with a rope or using a metal hook （用绳子）系住；（用钩子）挂住
• The horses were hitched to a shiny black carriage. 马匹被套在一辆黑亮的大车上。
• We just need to hitch the trailer (on)to the car and then we can go. 我们只需把拖车挂在汽车后面，这样就可以走了。
[hɪtʃ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] hitch sth up
PULL STH UP
■to pull something, especially trousers or a skirt, upwards to a slightly higher position 挽起，提起（裤子或裙子）
• She hitched her skirt up before wading across the stream. 她趟过小溪之前，把裙子向上撩起。
CONNECT
■If you hitch up a vehicle, you connect it so that it can be pulled, and if you hitch up an animal to a vehicle, you connect it so that it can pull the vehicle 挂好（车辆）；套好（牲畜）
• We watched as the farmer hitched up a team of oxen. 我们看着农夫把一群牛套赶上车。
n. 故障；钩；猛拉；急推；蹒跚
 - fault, trouble
vt. 搭便车；钩住；套住；猛拉；使结婚
 - ring, thumb a ride
vi. 被钩住；急动；蹒跚；搭便车旅行；结婚
 - get married, titubate

Word: cue
Front: cue
[kju:] (研四六托雅宝 4874/6463 -3)
Vocabulary: cue
(once / 1324 pages)
1nv 2n 3n
A cue is the long stick used for playing pool. A cue is also a reminder or stimulus to do something.
In pool, you use the cue to hit the white ball into the red ball, aiming for a pocket. Other cues make things happen too. In acting, a lighting change or another actor's line could be a cue for you to enter the stage. During rehearsal, the actors need to learn their cues to make sure their timing is right. A cue can also be a clue or reminder of something. Anytime someone has good timing, they're on cue.
WORD FAMILY
cue: cued, cues, cuing, miscue+/miscue: miscues
USAGE EXAMPLES
Cue tingles down spines, lumps in throats and tears in eyes all round.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
At the core of every habit is a neurological loop with three parts: A cue, a routine and a reward.
New York Times(Oct 18, 2016)
“Let the audience sing,” she urged, and she cued one of her dancers to grab her in a lift.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 暗示，提示; 线索; [台]球杆; 情绪，心情
vt. 把…插入演出; 给…暗示
时态：cued, cueing, cues
分布：提示(49%)，暗示(33%)，信号(16%)，给 ... 提示(1%)，把 ... 插入演出(1%)
→1.暗示，来自拉丁语quando,何时，来自kwa,疑问指示词干，词源同when,how,what. 2.台球杆，来自queue,尾巴。
暗示,提示,球杆Follow my cue.照我的样子.
noun countable
SIGNAL 信号
■a word or action in a play or film, which is used as a signal by a performer to begin saying or doing something （戏剧或电影中用来暗示演员开始说或做某事的）尾白，提示
■a signal for someone to do something 暗示；信号
• [+ to infinitive] They started washing up, so that was our cue to leave the party. 他们开始洗刷碗碟了，这就是暗示我们该离开派对了。
on cue
■If something happens on cue, it happens just after someone has said or thought it would happen 恰恰在这时，正好在此时
• I was just wondering where Sarah was, when, right on cue, she came in. 我正奇怪萨拉去哪了，恰在这时，她就进来了。
take your cue from sb
■to take notice of someone's words or behaviour so that you know what you should do 照（某人）的样子做；模仿（某人）；仿效（某人）
• She watched his lips carefully and took her cue from him. 她紧盯着他的嘴唇，照他的吩咐行事。
[kju:] noun countable
STICK 棍子
■a long thin wooden pole with a small piece of leather at one end, which is used for hitting the ball in games such as billiards or snooker （桌球等撞球游戏的）球杆
[kju:] noun countable
take your cue from sth/sb
■to be strongly influenced by something or someone 深受…的影响
• The architects took their cue for the design of the new pub from the nearby Jacobean house, Aston Hall. 建筑师们对新酒吧的设计深受附近詹姆斯一世时期的建筑——阿斯顿大厅的影响。
[kju:] verb transitive (cueing, cued, cued) (also cue in)
■to give someone a signal to do something 提示；暗示
• With a nod of his head, the drummer cued the lead singer in. 鼓手点了一下头，给领唱作了个暗示。
n. 提示，暗示；线索
 - connotation, implication, reminder

Word: agony
Front: agony
[ˈægəni] (研四六雅宝 7577/5575 -2)
Vocabulary: agony
(once / 193 pages)
n
The noun agony means acute pain — either mental or physical, but people often use the word hyperbolically: "This paper cut is agony."
The noun agony is also used in the common phrase "the thrill of victory and the agony of defeat," which has been the tag-line of ABC's Wide World of Sports for decades. The catchphrase, in turn, is often rendered as a pun: "He fell of the ladder and broke his foot. He writhed in agony from the pain, but the physical pain, was nothing compared to his mental agony when the doctor setting the bone joked, 'Now you know the agony of de feet!'"
WORD FAMILY
agony: agonal, agonies, agonise, agonist, agonize +/agonise: agonised, agonises, agonising/agonised: agonisedly/agonising: agonisingly/agonist: agonistic, agonists/ agonistic: agonistical/ agonize: agonized, agonizes, agonizing/agonized: agonizedly/agonizing: agonizingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
He pounded his fist on the field, in agony.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
They used colorful metaphors describing death, agony and decay to describe the ties.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Despite being aimed at a young audience, A Monster Calls doesn’t soft-pedal the agony of grief.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 极大的痛苦; 苦恼，烦闷; 临死的挣扎; （感情的）迸发
分布：挣扎(79%)，极度的痛苦(21%)
→来自词根ag, 做。此处指比赛, 比赛中的精神压力，痛苦，折磨。
痛苦[agon=struggle,表示"挣扎,斗争"]
n.(精神或肉体的)极大痛苦,创伤The wounded were in agony.受伤的那些人很痛苦.
【记】1）agon挣扎－拼命挣扎－痛苦2）ago过去，ny读：你。你过去了，因为你经历了临死挣扎。
【参】agonizing（adj 苦恼的，痛苦难忍的）；antagonistic（adj 反对的）
noun countable or uncountable
■extreme physical or mental pain or suffering （肉体或精神的）极度痛苦
• She lay there screaming in agony. 她躺在那里痛苦地大声尖叫。
• I was in an agony of suspense. 我悬着一颗心，备受煎熬。
• We've both suffered agonies of guilt over what happened. 所发生的事情使我们两个都饱受内疚的煎熬。
sorrow, agony, grief, anguish, torment, distress, misery, torture
这组词都有“苦恼、痛苦”的意思，其区别是：
sorrow: 语气比grief弱，指因不幸、损失或失望等所产生的悲伤。
agony: 侧重指精神或身体痛苦的剧烈程度。
grief: 指由某种特殊处境或原因造成的强烈的感情上的苦恼与悲痛。
anguish: 指精神方面令人难以忍受的极度痛苦；用于身体时，多指局部或暂时的痛苦。
torment: 强调烦恼或痛苦的长期性。
distress: 多指因思想上的压力紧张、恐惧、忧虑等所引起的精神上的痛苦，也可指某种灾难带来的痛苦。
misery: 着重痛苦的可悲状态，多含不幸、可怜或悲哀的意味。
torture: 语气比toment强，指在精神或肉体上受到的折磨所产生的痛苦。
n. 苦恼；极大的痛苦；临死的挣扎
 - unhappiness, vexation

Word: industrialise
Front: industrialise
[ɪn'dʌstrɪəlaɪz] (-/36171)
Back: vt. & vi. （使）工业化
时态：industrialised, industrialising, industrialises

Word: redress
Front: redress
[rɪˈdres] (托宝 16594/11593 -1)
Vocabulary: redress
(once / 1165 pages)
vn
The verb redress is used when you are supposed to fix a problem and make amends. You want your parents to redress the fact that you don't have a pet. Your parents offer to get a hamster, but instead, you say you want a monkey.
Redress can be used as both a noun and a verb. In the noun form, it is the compensation for setting something right. As a verb it means to correct, right a wrong, or make restitution for something. The union organizers wanted the company to redress the fact that workers weren't getting lunch breaks.
WORD FAMILY
redress: redressed, redresses, redressing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Arguably, the most significant change in redress for consumers may result from the 2015 Consumer Rights Act.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
In China, it isn’t uncommon for migrant workers or people seeking redress from the government to complain about harsh treatment from public-security officials.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Now campaigners such as Maw Maw Oo want to hold the party to its pledges to provide redress.
Reuters(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 补偿，赔偿; 矫正，纠正; 缓解
vt. 改正，矫正; 补偿; 革除; 重新调整
时态：redressed, redressing, redresses
分布：纠正(34%)，赔偿(22%)，补偿(13%)，救济(10%)，矫正(10%)，革除(5%)，恢复(3%)，惩罚(2%)，缓解(1%)
→re-,再，重新，-dress,拉直，引导，词源同 direct,address,right.
【记】re重新，dress穿衣－改正
[rɪ'dres] formal
verb transitive
■to put right a wrong or give payment for a wrong that has been done 纠正，矫正；补偿，向…赔偿损失
• Most managers, politicians and bosses are men - how can women redress the balance (= make the situation fairer and more equal) ? 大多数的经理、政治家和老板都是男性——女性怎样才能改变这种不平衡的状况呢？
[rɪ'dres] formal
noun uncountable
■money that someone has to pay to someone else because they have injured them or treated them badly （对伤害或虐待所致损失的）赔偿，赔款
• He went to the industrial tribunal to seek redress for the way his employers had discriminated against him. 因为雇主对他有所歧视，他走上了劳资仲裁法庭为自己讨回公道。
vt. 救济；赔偿；纠正；重新调整
 - repair, make good
n. 救济；赔偿；矫正
 - relief, satisfaction

Word: perilous
Front: perilous
[ˈperələs] (托宝 12773/13986 -1)
Vocabulary: perilous
(once / 550 pages)
adj
Something that is dangerous or very risky can be described with the adjective perilous. If you are driving in a blizzard, you may kick yourself for making such a perilous journey.
The adjective perilous comes from the Latin word periculum, meaning dangerous. Words from the same root include peril, a noun meaning a dangerous situation, and imperil, a verb meaning to put in danger. The last thing you want to do as a parent is to imperil your children. Unfortunately, childhood is filled with peril — from climbing on the monkey bars to eating paste, dirt, or bugs. If you think you can prevent all perilous situations, you haven't been a parent very long!
WORD FAMILY
perilous: perilously, perilousness+/ peril: periled, periling, perilled, perilling, perilous, perils
USAGE EXAMPLES
Even if we just miss it, the upward trend of global temperatures overall continues at a perilous rate.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
For the Nasser family, Mosul was just one stop in a perilous odyssey that began when IS swept across the country in 2014.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
She left their home and community and set off on the perilous journey to the north.
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 危险的，冒险的
分布：危险的(90%)，冒险的(10%)
→来自peril,危险。
危险的(peril+ous)[per=try,表示"尝试"]
['per.əl.əs] formal
adjective
■extremely dangerous 非常危险的
• The country roads are quite perilous. 这些乡间道路很危险。
adj. 危险的，冒险的
 - dangerous, critical, risky, threatening, hazardous

Word: wedge
Front: wedge
[wedʒ] (研六雅 6257/8502 -2)
Vocabulary: wedge
(once / 925 pages)
nv
A wedge is a block of wood that keeps a door propped open, or a problem that pulls people apart, like the jealousy that drove a wedge between two friends.
Wedge means "triangle-shaped." Pieces of pie are wedges. So are tortilla chips. In some parts of the country, a sandwich on a long roll is called a wedge, or a wedgie, while in other places, it's a hoagie or sub. Just about everywhere, the wedge you get in the schoolyard means your underwear are pulled up between your butt cheeks, which is consistent with the verb form of wedge: to squeeze into a tight space.
WORD FAMILY
wedge: wedged, wedges, wedging
USAGE EXAMPLES
Frank Stephenson says he was fixing heaters on the bus when he found the wallet wedged under one of the heaters.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
For Obama, Russia is thus a uniquely effective wedge issue, with the potential to divide the president-elect from his party.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Cut each round into 6 wedges, to create a total of 24 wedges.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 楔; 楔形物; （击高尔夫球的）楔形铁头球棒; 〈比喻〉可以逐渐扩大作用的开端
vt. 楔入; 用楔子楔牢; 挤进
vi. 楔入; 挤进
时态：wedged, wedging, wedges
分布：楔子(58%)，楔形物(17%)，挤进(10%)，嵌(9%)，楔住(6%)
→来自Proto-Germanic*wagjaz,楔子，来自wegh,移动，运送，词源同way,wehicle。用于指楔子，拼写受dge影响，比较bridge,judge,knowledge.
n.楔,楔形vt.楔牢,楔入,挤进He wedged himself through the narrow window.他从狭窄的窗户中挤了过去.
noun
SHAPE 形状
countable
■a piece of metal, wood, rubber, etc. with a pointed edge at one end and a wide edge at the other, which is either pushed between two objects to keep them still or forced into something to break pieces off it （金属、木头或橡胶等制成的）楔子，三角木
• Push a wedge under the door to keep it open while we're carrying the boxes in. 在门底下塞一个楔子让门敞开着，我们好往里面搬箱子。
• Pieces of stone can be split off by forcing wedges between the layers. 在层与层之间入楔子可以把一块块石头凿开。
countable
■a triangular-shaped piece, especially of food 楔形物，三角形物（尤指食物）
• Auntie Ann put a huge wedge of fruit cake on my plate. 安姨妈把一大块三角形的水果蛋糕放在我盘子里。
• a wedge of cheese 一块三角形的起司
[wedʒ] noun
SHOES 鞋
wedges [plural]
■women's shoes with a heel all the way under the shoe 有鞋跟的女鞋
[wedʒ] verb transitive
■to make something stay in a particular position by using a wedge 用楔子楔住，楔牢
• [+ adj] Find something to wedge the window open/closed with. 找个甚么东西楔住窗户，让它开着／关紧。
■to put something into a very small or narrow space, so that it cannot move easily 把某物置于狭小空间内使其不易动弹
• Her shoe came off and got wedged between the bars. 她的鞋掉了下来，卡在栏杆中间。
• I was standing waiting for a bus, wedged between (= fixed between and unable to move away from) two old ladies and their bags of shopping. 我正站着等公共汽车，夹在两位上了年纪的女士和她们的购物袋中间，动弹不得。
vt. 楔入；挤进；楔住
 - edge in, key on
vi. 楔入；挤进
 - edge in, key on
n. 楔子；楔形物；导致分裂的东西
 - cleat

Word: trimming
Front: trimming
[ˈtrɪmɪŋ] (11986/14114 -1)
Back: n. 整理; 修剪; 装饰品; 配料
v. 整理(trim的现在分词); 削减; 装饰
分布：修剪(48%)，整顿(21%)，装饰(21%)，边角料(10%)
(also trim)
noun
countable or uncountable
■(a piece of) decorative material added around the edge of something 镶边饰物；花边
• I want a plain black jumper with no fancy trimmings. 我要一件素净的黑色套头外衣，没有花哨镶边的。
• I wore my red jacket with the black trim. 我穿着我那件镶着黑边的红色夹克。
trimmings [plural]
■extra things which complete or improve the appearance of something 配饰装；饰品
• a big wedding celebration with all the trimmings 有各种各样装饰物布置的盛大婚礼
• the traditional trimmings of fame/success 传统上作为人生点缀的名望／成功
n. 整理；装饰品；配料；修剪下来的东西
 - arrangement, decoration, sorting

Word: sensibly
Front: sensibly
['sensəblɪ] (18212/9457)
Back: adv. 明智地; 理智地; 能感觉得出地; 切合实际地
分布：容易感知地(44%)，明显地(28%)，明智地(14%)，合理地(14%)
adverb
■in a sensible or practical way 明智合理地；切合实际地
• The police praised motorists for driving sensibly in the appalling conditions. 警方称许驾驶人在恶劣的条件下能谨慎驾驶。
• She wasn't very sensibly dressed for hiking across the moors. 对于徒步穿越荒野来说，她的穿着不太合适。
adv. 明显地；容易感知地；聪明地
 - obviously, clearly, broadly, markedly, distinctly

Word: browse
Front: browse
[braʊz] (研六雅宝 9636/11136 -1)
Vocabulary: browse
(once / 538 pages)
1vn 2vn
To browse is to look casually for whatever catches your eye, rather than searching for something specific. Window shopping and scanning the newspaper for interesting headlines are forms of browsing.
You can browse in a store, a library, or browse the Internet (with — what else? — an Internet "browser"). When it comes to reading material, browse means the same as peruse. Back in the 16th century, though, this verb was used in reference to animals feeding on, or grazing on, the buds of trees.
WORD FAMILY
browse: browsed, browser, browses, browsing+/ browser: browsers/browsing: browsings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Contribute your video, pictures and stories, and browse news, reviews and creations submitted by others.
The Guardian(Jan 03, 2017)
I browsed the books, eventually picking three of them.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
More browsing on the internet means more web searches, and, in most cases, that means more Google.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. & vi. 浏览; 吃草; 随意翻阅
n. 浏览; 吃草; 放牧
时态：browsed, browsing, browses
分布：浏览(94%)，吃草(4%)，嫩叶(1%)，随意观看(1%)
→来自PIE *bhreus, 膨胀，生长。词源同breast, 胸部。指长出来的嫩芽，蓓蕾，后引申为牛羊吃草，浏览。
vi.随意翻阅,浏览;(牛,羊等)吃草A lot of people were browsing in the bookstore.很多人在书店里翻阅着书.
【记】1）brow＝broust[嫩枝]－吃嫩叶；2）browser（n 计算机浏览器，吃嫩叶的动物）
verb
LOOK 看
 ADVANCED intransitive
■to look through a book or magazine without reading everything, or to walk around a shop looking at several things without intending to buy any of them 浏览
• I was browsing through fashion magazines to find a new hairstyle. 我在浏览时装杂志，想找一种新发型。
• "Are you looking for anything in particular, madam?" "No, I'm just browsing." “太太，你想找些甚么吗?”“不，我只是随便看看。”
[braʊz] verb
COMPUTING 电脑操作
 ADVANCED intransitive or transitive
■to look at information on the Internet 浏览（网际网路）；在网上浏览（资讯）
• to browse the Web 浏览全球资讯网
[braʊz] verb
FEED 吃
intransitive
■(of animals) to feed on grass, leaves, etc. in a relaxed way （动物）吃草（或枝叶）
• Deer were browsing (on grass) under the trees. 鹿正在树下吃草。
[braʊz] noun only singular mainly UK
■an act of browsing or period of time spent browsing 随便看看，浏览；随便看看（或浏览）所花的时间
• We went for a browse around an antique shop. 我们去一家古董店随便看了看。
• I had a browse through the books on his desk. 我随便翻了翻他桌上的书。
vt. 浏览；吃草
 - scan, glance through
vi. 浏览；吃草；漫不经心地看商品
 - page, glance through
n. 浏览；吃草
 - lookthrough, scan

Word: indispensable
Front: indispensable
[ˌɪndɪˈspensəbl] (研四六托雅 8952/8544 -1)
Vocabulary: indispensable
(once / 532 pages)
adj
Indispensable is a strong adjective for something that you couldn't do without. If you have asthma and you're packing for summer vacation, your inhaler is indispensable, unless you enjoy gasping on the beach.
Something that is dispensable is something you could get rid of, like that box of yogurt covered dried zucchini snacks that's been in the pantry for a year. So if something is indispensable you couldn't possibly go without it, like salt, or for some people, coffee. Chocolate is indispensable for chocolate chip cookies, as is furniture for the adult hide-and-go-seek league.
WORD FAMILY
indispensable: indispensability, indispensableness, indispensably+/ dispensable: dispensability, dispensableness, indispensable / dispensary: dispensaries/ dispensation: dispensations/ dispense: dispensable, dispensary, dispensation, dispensed, dispenser, dispenses, dispensing/dispenser: dispensers/indispensability: indispensabilities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some of them are not just important, but indispensable.
BBC(Dec 25, 2016)
Her calculations very soon prove indispensable to the effort to put the first American astronaut, Alan Shepard, into outer space.
The New Yorker(Dec 23, 2016)
“As religious faith is the foundation of free government, so is prayer an indispensable part of that faith.”
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 不可缺少的; 绝对必要的; 责无旁贷的; 不可避开的
n. 不可缺少的人或物
分布：不可缺少的(100%)
→in-,不，非，dispensable,可省去的，可有可无的。
a.(to,for)必不可少的,必需的Computer is indispensable to modern life.计算机是现代生活中不可缺少的东西.
adjective
■Something or someone that is indispensable is so good or important that you could not manage without them 必不可少的，必需的
• This book is an indispensable resource for researchers. 这本书是研究人员必不可少的资料。
• His long experience at the United Nations makes him indispensable to the talks. 在联合国长期的工作经验使他成为谈判中不可或缺的人物。
requisite, essential, indispensable, necessary
这组词都有“必不可少的，必需的”的意思，其区别是：
requisite: 正式用词，特指为实现某一目的或得到某种结果而应有的需要，有时可与necessary换用。
essential: 指对事物本身性质具有决定性的重要性，暗含不可缺少，否则便无法存在。
indispensable: 语气强，侧重指绝对必要性或不可缺少性。
necessary: 最常用词，侧重由客观因素决定的某种需要，强调不可避免，但并非绝不可缺少。
adj. 不可缺少的；绝对必要的；责无旁贷的
 - obbligato

Word: curiously
Front: curiously
['kjʊərɪəslɪ] (8495/6068 -K)
Back: adv. 好奇地; 奇异地; 奇怪地; 说来古怪
分布：好奇地(75%)，奇异的(25%)
ADJ-GRADED
求知欲强的;好奇的
If you are curious about something, you are interested in it and want to know more about it.
例：Steve was intensely curious about the world I came from...史蒂夫非常想了解我以前生活的那个世界。
例：Children are naturally curious.孩子天生好奇。
ADJ-GRADED
稀奇古怪的;不寻常的;难以理解的
If you describe something as curious, you mean that it is unusual or difficult to understand.
例：There is a curious thing about her writings in this period...她在这期间的著作与以往有所不同。
例：The pageant promises to be a curious mixture of the ancient and modern...游行盛典将会是古老与现代的奇特融合。
adv. 好奇地
 - inquiringly

Word: chevron
Front: chevron
[ˈʃevrən] (17947/26668 -1)
Back: n. 臂章（军人佩戴以示军衔和军兵种的）; [纹章学]人字形图记; 波浪饰
分布：山形袖章(50%)，锯齿形雕饰(50%)
【记】chevron：要对中间的V产生敏感
noun countable
■a shape like a V or an upside down V, used especially on the sleeve of a police or military uniform to show the wearer's rank, or on road signs in Britain to show a severe bend in the road （尤指警服或军装袖子上表示等级的）V形图案；（英国用作路标、表示急转弯的）V形标记

Word: usage
Front: usage
[ˈju:sɪdʒ] (研四六雅 6347/4767 -1)
Vocabulary: usage
(once / 534 pages)
n
Usage is the act of using something. Your cell phone usage is something you'll want to keep track of so you don't find yourself surprised by overages and extra charges that might make you want to cry.
Usage can also refer to the usual and correct way a language is spoken or written. If you want to make sure you're using the right word or using a tricky word correctly, you should consult a book on English usage. Usage can also mean an accepted practice or custom. An anthropologist might describe the specific time-honored usages that a particular tribe observes whenever a baby is born.
WORD FAMILY
usage: ill-usage, usages+/ disuse: disused, disuses/misuse: misused, misuses, misusing/ overuse: overused, overuses, overusing/ reuse: reusable, reused, reuses, reusing/ usable: unusable, usability, usableness/usance: usances/ use: disuse, ill-use, misuse, overuse, reuse, usable, usage, usance, useable, used, useed, useful, useless, user, uses, using/useable: unuseable, useableness/ used: ill-used, unused, useder/ useful: usefuler, usefulest, usefully, usefulness/usefully: usefullys/usefulness: unusefulness, usefulnesss/ useless: uselesser, uselessest, uselessly, uselessness/ user: users/using: usings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The public will "rightly question" such usage, the TaxPayers' Alliance said.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
But in this way, academic publication’s usage in the public sphere is undermined.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
More than 72 percent of Amazon shoppers used a mobile device during the holiday, and usage of Amazon’s mobile app grew by 56 percent.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 使用; 用法; 习惯; 惯例
分布：使用(73%)，用法(22%)，惯用法(3%)，惯例(2%)
用法;惯例(us+age状态→用的状态→用法)[us,ut=use,表示"用"]
n.使用,用法;习惯,习俗;惯用法I used to abuse the unusual usage, but now I'm not used to doing so.我过去常滥用这个不寻常的用法,但我现在不习惯这样做.
noun
PURPOSE 用途
countable or uncountable
■the way a particular word in a language, or a language in general, is used （词语或语言的）用法
• a guide to common English usage 常用英语用法指南
• The earliest recorded usage of the word is in the twelfth century. 关于这个词用法的最早记载见于12世纪。
uncountable
■the way something is treated or used 对待方式；使用方式
• Sports equipment is designed to withstand hard usage. 运动装备在设计上要结实耐用。
['ju:.sɪdʒ] noun
TAKE ADVANTAGE 利用
uncountable formal
■the bad and unfair way someone treats you 虐待；不公待遇
• Many had complained about the usage they'd received at his hands. 很多人都曾抱怨在他手下受到了不公待遇。
habit, practice, tradition, convention, usage, manners, custom
这组词都有“习惯，风俗，传统”的意思，其区别是：
habit: 侧重于自然养成的，不易去掉的个人习惯。
practice: 常指习惯性的做法或行为。
tradition: 广义指世代相传的伦理、行为规范和生活方式，特指因长久奉行而几乎具有法律效力的习惯、习俗，侧重历史意义。
convention: 多指约定俗成的行为方式规则或公认的标准，或指艺术上公认的技巧。
usage: 指持续时间长，为很多人公认采纳的惯例、习俗。
manners: 指在某一时期或某一团体中盛行的社会礼仪或社会风俗模式。
custom: 指一个国家、一个民族、一个地区或一个社会的习惯、行为方式或风俗习惯。也可指个人的习惯。
n. 使用； [语] 用法；惯例
 - employment, utilization, tradition, use, convention

Word: eject
Front: eject
[iˈdʒekt] (研六托雅 10924/11234 -1)
Vocabulary: eject
(once / 1562 pages)
v
It’s good to eject yourself from a burning spaceship (if you happen to have an escape pod and a nice small planet to land on), but if a teacher ejects you from class, well that’s not so good.
Eject comes from “jectere,” the Latin word meaning throw, but the “e” means out. If you want to say, “throw the rascals out!” in only one word, you should choose, “eject!” The opposite of eject is inject. Thinking about the nurse throwing the measles vaccine into your arm makes that doctor’s visit seem a little less friendly.
WORD FAMILY
eject: ejected, ejecting, ejection, ejector, ejects+/ ejection: ejections/ejector: ejectors
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was called targeting, and Smith was ejected from the game.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Things then got weird on the point after touchdown as Jarran Reed got ejected for an unsportsmanlike penalty.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Phillips said Rivers was ejected for using “extreme profanity” while complaining about his son being ejected.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: vt. 喷出; 驱逐; 强制离开
vi. 弹射出
时态：ejected, ejecting, ejects
分布：喷射(48%)，驱逐(47%)，放逐(5%)
→e-, 向外。-ject, 射，投掷，词源同jet, project.
投出,掷出(e+ject掷→掷出)[e-,ef-表示"出,出来"]
喷出;驱逐(e出+ject→扔出→喷出)[ject=throw,cast,表示"投掷,扔"]
v.喷射,排出;驱逐The projector is subject to rejection and may be ejected from the project.投影机有遭到否决的倾向并可能被逐出工程.
verb
transitive often passive
■to force someone to leave a particular place （用武力）驱逐，逐出，赶出
• A number of football fans had been ejected from the bar for causing trouble. 一些足球迷因为闹事被赶出酒吧。
transitive US (UK send off)
■to order a sports player to leave the playing area during a game because they have done something wrong 将（犯规的运动员）罚下场
intransitive
■to leave an aircraft in an emergency by being pushed while still in your seat （紧急情况下连坐椅一起从飞机中）弹射出来
intransitive or transitive
■to come out of a machine when a button is pressed, or to make something do this 使（从机器中）弹出
• How do you eject the tape? 怎样才能把磁带弹出来？
• The coffee machine suddenly ejected a handful of coins. 咖啡自动售卖机里突然弹出一把硬币。
project, inject, eject
这是一组形近易混词。
project: v.伸出，突出；预计，预报；投射，放映。
 • The balcony projects out beyond the wall of the house.   阳台从房子的墙壁上突出来。
 • The government projects that the defence budget will increase by 20% .   政府预计国防预算将增长百分之二十。
inject: v.注射。
 • The nurse injected some medicine into the patient with a needle.   护士用注射器给患者打针。
eject: v.跳出，喷出，弹射出。
 • The pilot ejected from the falling airplane.   飞行员从坠落的飞机中弹射出去。
vt. 喷射；驱逐，逐出
 - to spray, spray on

Word: disregard
Front: disregard
[ˌdɪsrɪˈgɑ:d] (研六托雅宝 9174/7532 -1)
Vocabulary: disregard
(once / 473 pages)
nv
If everyone at the city council meeting tends to disregard anything that's said by the eccentric gentleman with the parrot on his shoulder, it means that no one pays any attention to him.
To disregard something is to ignore it, or to deliberately pay it no attention. Sometimes the word is used to mean "neglect," implying that something important is not being taken care of. Disregard can also be a noun; you could complain that your family has a complete disregard for your privacy when they gather outside your bedroom door to eavesdrop on your telephone conversations.
WORD FAMILY
disregard: disregarded, disregarding, disregards+/ regard: disregard, regarded, regardful, regarding, regardless, regards, self-regard/regardful: regardfully/ regardless: disregardless, irregardless, regardlessly
USAGE EXAMPLES
A song that speaks to all the disregarded and downtrodden black people in the United States.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
A song that speaks to all the disregarded and down trodden black people in the United States.
Time(Jan 02, 2017)
Spencer: When society disregards the contributions of any people, it reflects badly.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 不顾; 不理会; 漠视，忽视; 蔑视，轻视
n. 漠视，忽视; 不理，不顾; 不尊重
时态：disregarded, disregarding, disregards
分布：不顾(35%)，忽视(29%)，漠视(24%)，不理会(12%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。regard, 关切，关心。
vt.不理会;忽视;漠视n.忽视;漠视They disregarded my objections to the proposal.他们忽视我对该提案的异议.
【反】nurture（n /v 养育；教育）
US [-'gɑ:rd] noun uncountable
■when someone shows no care or respect for something 忽视，漠视，无视
• What amazes me is her complete disregard for anyone else's opinion. 让我吃惊的是，她完全无视他人的意见。
UK [ˌdɪs.rɪ'gɑ:d] US [-'gɑ:rd] verb transitive
■to ignore something 忽视，无视，不理会
• He told us to disregard everything we'd learned so far and start again. 他告诉我们不要考虑所学过的东西，一切要重新开始。
overlook, disregard, omit, neglect, forget, ignore
这组词都有“疏忽，忽略”的意思，其区别是：
overlook: 指因匆忙而疏忽或视而不见。
disregard: 多指有意或自觉地不顾某事。
omit: 指有意或无意地忘记做某事，也指删去被视作不重要、不合意的东西。
neglect: 侧重指有意的忽略或忽视，也可指粗心与疏忽。
forget: 普通用词，侧重某事不重要或太复杂而未能记住，也指有意疏忽或忘掉。
ignore: 通常指有意不顾，或不理显而易见的事物。
vt. 忽视；不理；漠视；不顾
 - ignore, neglect
n. 忽视；不尊重
 - inobservancy, negligence

Word: bark
Front: bark
[bɑ:k] (高研四六托雅宝 5831/6605 -2)
Vocabulary: bark
(once / 159 pages)
1nv 2nv 3n
A bark is the loud, sharp sound a dog makes. Seals also bark, and people sometimes bark with laughter or bark out commands.
Bark is both a noun and a verb: if your dog is known for his noisy bark, it means that he barks all the time. There is also the type of bark that covers the trunk of a tree, and yet another bark, an old-fashioned word for a masted ship. When you "bark up the wrong tree," you have completely misunderstood a situation, the way a squirrel-chasing dog does when she literally barks in the wrong direction.
WORD FAMILY
bark: barked, barker, barking, barks, barky, debark+/ barker: barkers/debark: debarkation, debarked, debarking, debarks/debarkation: debarkations
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Look me in the eyes!” he barked, as his players marched past him, single file.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
However the pope doesn’t summon him to a cathedral, but to a battlefield – barking military orders one minute and pontificating on art the next.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Use your pruners or a knife to scrape a narrow, ½-inch long sliver of bark from each side of the base of the cutting.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vi. 吠叫; 厉声说话
vt. 大声喊出; 厉声说出
n. 犬吠声; 似吠声; 树皮
时态：barked, barking, barks
分布：树皮(92%)，咆哮(4%)，狗吠(2%)，剥皮(1%)，擦伤(1%)
→1.树皮，词源同birch, 白桦，白桦树皮通常用于写字。
vi.(狗等)吠,叫n.吠声,叫声;树皮In the sparking park, the darling dark dog barked at the embarked larks.在闪着火花的公园里,可爱的深色狗对着装载于船云雀吠叫.
US [bɑ:rk] noun
TREE 树
uncountable
■the hard outer covering of a tree 树皮
UK [bɑ:k] US [bɑ:rk] noun
DOG 狗
countable
■the loud, rough noise that a dog and some other animals make 狗吠声；嗥叫声
UK [bɑ:k] US [bɑ:rk] noun
sb's bark is worse than their bite
■If someone's bark is worse than their bite, they are not as unpleasant as they seem, and their actions are not as bad as their threats 刀子嘴豆腐心；言语比行动吓人
• Don't let her frighten you, her bark is worse than her bite. 别被她吓倒了，她这人口直心快。
UK [bɑ:k] US [bɑ:rk] verb
 ADVANCED intransitive
■(of a dog) to make a loud rough noise 狗吠
• They heard a dog barking outside. 他们听见外面有狗吠声。
transitive
■to shout at someone in a forceful manner 咆哮，怒吼
• The sergeant barked (out) a succession of orders to the new recruits. 中士向那些新兵大声地下了一连串命令。
UK [bɑ:k] US [bɑ:rk] verb
be barking up the wrong tree informal
■to be wrong about the reason for something or the way to achieve something 找错了原因；用错了方法
• She thinks it'll solve the problem, but I reckon she's barking up the wrong tree. 她认为这能解决问题，但我觉得她用错了方法。
roar, bark, growl, howl
这组词都有“吠，叫”的意思，其区别是：
roar: 指狮子的吼叫。
bark: 指发出刺耳的汪汪声，系典型的狗吠。
growl: 指被激怒的狗发出低长的咆哮声，以示威胁。用于人时，指咆哮着喊叫，怒冲冲地发牢骚。
howl: 指声音响亮，拖得很长，如哀愁的哭声。用于人时，指大喊大叫。
vt. 吠叫；咆哮；咳嗽
 - have a cough, huff and puff
vi. 厉声说出；高声叫卖
 - rap out
n. 吠声；任何似犬狐叫的声音
 - ululation

Word: loosely
Front: loosely
[ˈlu:sli] (六托 6916/7559 -K)
Back: adv. 松散的，蓬松的; 轻易，轻松地，随手地，随意地; 大意，粗略地，不严格的; 无力地，软绵绵地
分布：宽松地(51%)，松弛地(33%)，不严谨地(16%)
adverb
NOT FIXED 未固定的
■in a way that is not firmly fixed 松散地；宽松地
• The parcel had only been loosely wrapped, and the paper had come off. 包裹没有包扎好，上面的包装纸已经脱落了。
['lu:.sli] adverb
NOT EXACT 大概
■not exactly 大致地，大概
• This phrase can be loosely translated as 'Go away'. 这个片语可以大概翻译为“走开”。
• The film is loosely based on the novel by Kundera. 这出电影是根据昆德拉的小说的大致内容改编而成的。
['lu:.sli] adverb
NOT TIGHT 不紧地
■not tightly 不紧地
• The jacket hung loosely on his thin body. 那件上衣穿在他那瘦小的身躯上显得有些松松垮垮。
adv. 宽松地；放荡地；轻率地
 - blindly, dissolutely

Word: commemorate
Front: commemorate
[kəˈmeməreɪt] (研托雅宝 8691/7928 -2)
Vocabulary: commemorate
(once / 875 pages)
v
To commemorate something means to remember something and by doing so to honor it, as in “We would like to commemorate his many years of past service by presenting him with this lovely gold watch.”
The word commemorate has a pretty clear echo of memory in it, so it can help to keep it in your mind just by noticing that. You might also notice that you’ve seen the word before, either in late-night infomercials or in various advertisements in magazines, when they talk about commemorative plates, or stamps, or coins: little things that are supposed to honor events or people by recalling them to our collective memory.
WORD FAMILY
commemorate: commemorated, commemorates, commemorating, commemoration, commemorative +/ commemoration: commemorations/ commemorative: commemoratively, commemoratives
USAGE EXAMPLES
The centenary of the battle of the Somme was widely commemorated.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
The Treasury announced that Harriet Tubman will become the first black person commemorated on a U.S. bank note.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
The obituary for Bill Usery commemorated a life committed to finding mutually beneficial solutions to the thorniest of labor, management and governmental problems.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 纪念， 庆祝; 成为…的纪念
时态：commemorated, commemorating, commemorates
分布：纪念(100%)
→com-, 强调。-memor, 记忆，见memory。
纪念(com+memor记住+ate→大家一起记住→纪念)[com-,con-表示"共同"]
纪念(com共同+memor+ate→一起记→纪念)[memor=memory,表示"记忆"]
vt.纪念,庆祝The member of good memory remembers to commemorate his friend with memorials.那位记性好的成员记得用纪念品纪念他的朋友.
【记】com共同，memorate＝memory（n 记忆）－大家都记住－纪念
verb transitive
■to remember officially and give respect to a great person or event, especially by a public ceremony or by making a statue or special building （尤指举行公开仪式或竖立雕塑或特别建筑）纪念，缅怀
• Gathered all together in this church, we commemorate those who lost their lives in the great war. 我们聚集在这座教堂里，缅怀那些在大战中丧生的人。
• A statue has been built to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the poet's birthday. 为纪念诗人百年诞辰建起了一尊雕像。
vt. 庆祝，纪念；成为…的纪念
 - celebrate with, honour the memory of

Word: chang
Front: chang
[tʃɑːŋ] (-/17356)
Back: n. 青稞酒
分布：=Yangtze.(50%)，扬子江(50%)

Word: restart
Front: restart
[ˌri:ˈstɑ:t] (13007/11902 -1)
Back: v. 重新开始
时态：restarted, restarting, restarts
分布：重新开始(90%)，返聘(10%)
→re-,再，重新，start,开始。
US [-'stɑ:rt] verb intransitive or transitive
■to start something again （使）重新开始；（使）再开始；重新启动
• Our car stalled and wouldn't restart. 我们的车抛了锚，再也发动不起来了。
• Please restart your computer to complete installation. 请重启电脑完成安装。
vi. 重新启动； [计] 重新开始
 - start over, turn over a new leaf
vt. 重新启动； [计] 重新开始
 - resume, reinitialize
n. [计] 重新开始；返聘
 - recommencement, resumption

Word: olive
Front: olive
[ˈɒlɪv] (六 6160/7177 -2)
Vocabulary: olive
(once / 363 pages)
nadj
An olive is a very small fruit, although you probably think of it as a savory snack. You might find an olive on a salad, on a pizza, or even on a toothpick in your martini.
Olives are so naturally bitter that they're basically inedible unless they've been treated — cured with lye or salt, and then fermented. In addition to the olives you see in jars on grocery store shelves, olive trees yield an expensive, durable wood; and of course, olive oil. You can also describe the yellowish-green color of an unripe olive as olive. And when someone offers "an olive branch," they are trying to make peace or come to an understanding.
WORD FAMILY
olive: olive-colored, olive-like, olivelike, olives
USAGE EXAMPLES
He and Hopper ambled into the back yard to sweep up fallen olive leaves.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Reversing them would appear as an olive branch from the new president to his Russian counterpart.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
She sells it in places like Tasty Olive Co. in Highland and is interested in offering it at local coffee shops.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 橄榄; 橄榄树; 橄榄色; 油橄榄
adj. 橄榄色的; 黄褐色的; 淡褐色的; 橄榄绿的
分布：橄榄(84%)，橄榄树(11%)，橄榄色(3%)，橄榄色的(1%)，黄褐色的(1%)
→来自拉丁语oliva,橄榄，橄榄树，来自希腊语elaia,橄榄，橄榄树，词源同oil,oleaginous.
US ['ɑ:.lɪv] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a small bitter green or black fruit that is eaten or used to produce oil, or an evergreen (= never losing its leaves) Mediterranean tree on which this fruit grows 橄榄；橄榄树
• olive groves 橄榄树丛
UK ['ɒl.ɪv] US ['ɑ:.lɪv] noun countable
hold out/ offer an olive branch
■to do or say something in order to show that you want to end a disagreement with someone 伸出橄榄枝；主动表达和解的愿望
• He held out an olive branch to the opposition by releasing 42 political prisoners. 他释放了42名政治犯，以此向反对派表达了和解的愿望。
n. [林] [解剖] 橄榄；橄榄树；橄榄色
 - Olive Tree

Word: quip
Front: quip
[kwɪp] (宝 13578/19574 -1)
Vocabulary: quip
(once / 3314 pages)
nv
A quip — a short, witty comment — can be pleasant, wise, or sarcastic, but usually carries an element of humor.
A quip, often taken as a sign of cleverness, is a witty remark that sounds spur-of-the-moment. A successful quip must sound offhand, as though it were an afterthought, even if the speaker has been honing the statement for days. Dorothy Parker was a famous writer known for her quick quips, such as, "The best way to keep children home is to make the home atmosphere pleasant — and let the air out of the tires."
WORD FAMILY
quip: quipped, quipping, quips
USAGE EXAMPLES
He quipped that proponents of the “futuristic delirium” of seasteading wanted a “Noah’s Ark to the Wall Street gravy”.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Even when she slightly slipped on the beam, she quipped on Snapchat afterwards: “fall on beam, get bronze.”
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
While it would be foolhardy to say history will repeat itself, I am reminded of the quip that it often rhymes.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 俏皮话，妙语; 嘲弄，讥讽; 双关语
vi. 说俏皮话; 嘲弄，讥讽; 托辞
时态：quipped, quipping, quips
分布：讽刺(47%)，妙语(29%)，说俏皮话(16%)，托辞(8%)
→来自拉丁语quippe,确实，当然，来自kwo,疑问代词词干，词源同quality,quantity.引申 词义切中要害的话或评论，后用于指俏皮话，妙语。
【记】qu去，ip＝IP：去打IP电话说妙语，因为IP电话比较省钱。
noun countable
■a humorous and clever remark 俏皮话，妙语
• It was Oscar Wilde who made the famous quip about life mimicking art. 是奥斯卡‧王尔德说出了关于人生是在师法艺术的妙语。
n. 妙语；嘲弄；讽刺语
 - punch line, bon mot
vi. 嘲弄；讥讽
 - make game of, poke fun at
vt. 嘲弄
 - guy, monkey

Word: unlock
Front: unlock
[ˌʌnˈlɒk] (六 6901/7040 -1)
Back: vt. 开锁; 开启; 揭开; 表露
vi. 解开; 被释放
时态：unlocked, unlocking, unlocks
分布：开启(52%)，揭开(27%)，开锁(18%)，显露(3%)
开锁(un+lock锁)[un-①表示"不,无,非,没有"②表示"打开,解开,弄出"]
US [-'lɑ:k] verb transitive
 ADVANCED
■to open something, especially a door which is locked (= fastened with a lock) using a key or an electronic device 打开；（尤指用锁匙或电子设备）开（门）
• I keep worrying that I've left the garage door unlocked. 我一直担心没有锁上车库门。
unlock the mystery/secret of sth
■to discover important new facts about something 解开…之谜；发现…的秘密
• A chemical has been discovered that may be the key to unlocking the mysteries of Parkinson's disease. 已发现一种化学物质，这可能是解开帕金森氏病之谜的锁匙。
unlock the imagination
■to make the imagination more active, producing interesting ideas and images 开启想像力
• One of poetry's functions is to somehow unlock the imagination. 诗歌的功能之一便是开启想像力。
vt. 开启；开…的锁；表露
 - open collector, unblock
vi. 解开；解出锁定；被开启
 - uncoil, disengage from

Word: persuasive
Front: persuasive
[pəˈsweɪsɪv] (托 8672/8449 -1)
Vocabulary: persuasive
(once / 1272 pages)
adj
If you are persuasive, then you have a knack for getting people to do things. Your most persuasive friend might be able to talk you into riding in a hot air balloon despite your fear of heights.
People can be persuasive by using emotion or logic. A persuasive encyclopedia salesman might lead you to believe you'll be a smarter person with your own complete set of reference books. Temptations can also be persuasive. If your mom offers you ten dollars to walk her dog, you might find her offer very persuasive. Persuasive can be tricky to spell — remember that the u sounds like a w.
WORD FAMILY
persuasive: persuasively, persuasiveness, persuasivest, unpersuasive+/persuadable: unpersuadable/ persuade: persuadable, persuaded, persuader, persuades, persuading, persuasible, persuasion, persuasive /persuaded: unpersuaded/persuader: persuaders/ persuasion: persuasions/unpersuasive: unpersuasively, unpersuasiveness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The most persuasive religious leaders will be those who, like Russell Moore, remain distinguishable from everyone else.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
The CDC’s Brewer, however, said that Connor’s research — and other recent work highlighting the health risks of drinking — is persuasive.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Burgum seems comfortable sharing his ideas with people and is more than capable of expressing his arguments in a persuasive manner.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 有说服力的; 劝诱的; 动听
分布：有说服力的(88%)，令人信服的(12%)
→来自persuade,劝说，劝服。
US [pɚ-] adjective
■making you want to do or believe a particular thing 有说服力的，令人信服的
• a persuasive speaker/speech 有说服力的演讲者／演说
• Your arguments are very persuasive. 你的论据非常有说服力。
• He can be very persuasive. 他有时也很有说服力。
adj. 有说服力的；劝诱的，劝说的
 - convictive, forceful

Word: acclaim
Front: acclaim
[əˈkleɪm] (研托雅宝 12422/11847 -2)
Vocabulary: acclaim
(once / 967 pages)
nv
You know you've hit it big when you earn acclaim, or enthusiastic approval. And when you have achieved "critical acclaim," even the grouchy critics approve of you.
The word acclaim comes from the Latin word acclamare, which means to cry out. So it only makes sense that the verb acclaim means to offer enthusiastic praise or applause. "The book was critically acclaimed, but most of the students found it to be stupefyingly boring."
WORD FAMILY
acclaim: acclaimed, acclaiming, acclaims, acclamation +/ acclamation: acclamations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Acclaimed photojournalist and war photographer Donald McCullin, 81, who worked on the Observer and the Sunday Times, said he felt “inwardly warmed” by his knighthood.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
For all of Manchester by the Sea’s acclaim, Rubin thinks it faces an uphill struggle.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
The chimerical portraits celebrating Arab culture were critically acclaimed for their finesse and honesty.
Time(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: v. 称赞; 赞扬; 向…欢呼; 向…喝彩
n. 公开赞扬; 称誉
热烈欢迎或赞同
时态：acclaimed, acclaiming, acclaims
分布：称赞(44%)，欢呼(38%)，喝采(16%)，赞同(2%)
→ac-,去，往，-claim,叫，词源同call,叫。
欢呼;喝采(ac一再＋claim→一再喊→欢呼)[claim,clam=cyrout,shout,表示"呼喊,叫喊"]
v.向...欢呼,公认n.欢呼,喝彩,称赞They acclaimed him king.他们高呼他为国王.
【记】ac一再，claim喊叫－一再叫喊－欢呼
【参】acclaimed（adj 受欢呼的，受称赞的）；claim（v 要求，声称）；proclaim（v 声明）；exclaim（v 大喊）
noun uncountable
■public approval and praise 称誉；赞赏；欢迎
• Despite the critical acclaim, the novel did not sell well. 虽然这本小说在评论界赢得赞誉，但并不畅销。
• Hamlet was played by Romania's leading actor, Ion Caramitrou, to rapturous acclaim. 罗马尼亚的一流演员杨·卡拉米特鲁饰演哈姆雷特，他的表演好评如潮。
[ə'kleɪm] verb transitive often passive
■to give public approval and praise 称誉；赞赏；欢迎
• She was universally/widely/publicly acclaimed for her contribution to the discovery. 她对此发现做出的贡献赢得了普遍／广泛／众口一词的赞誉。
• She is being acclaimed (= publicly recognized) as the greatest dancer of her generation. 在同时代的人中，她被赞誉为最伟大的舞蹈演员。
applause, acclaim
这两个名词均有“喝彩，鼓掌”之意。
applause: 侧重以掌声表示喝彩和赞扬。
acclaim: 较正式用词，现多用于引申表示赞许。
vt. 称赞；为…喝采，向…欢呼
 - speak well of, pay a tribute to
n. 欢呼，喝彩；称赞
 - praise, applause
vi. 欢呼，喝采
 - cheer

Word: partition
Front: partition
[pɑ:ˈtɪʃn] (六雅宝 9717/8564 -1)
Vocabulary: partition
(once / 843 pages)
1nv 2n
A partition is something that divides space. When your younger brother decides to stop bathing, setting up a partition between his side of the room and yours seems like a good idea...until you realize your partition is not air-tight.
Partition can be used as a noun or as a verb. As a noun, it usually refers to a physical barrier between spaces. As a verb, to partition is to separate into sections — like to partition an office space into different work spaces. One can also partition something that does not involve physical space — like when you partition school life from home life, you are splitting your life into two parts that don’t intersect.
WORD FAMILY
partition: partitioned, partitioning, partitionist, partitions+/partitioned: unpartitioned/partitionist: partitionists
USAGE EXAMPLES
The 18-year-old was handcuffed and placed in the back of a police car with no partition.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Some 600,000 Israelis now live in the two areas, complicating any partition of the land between Israel and a future Palestine.
Time(Dec 25, 2016)
Partition Resolution, which called for Jerusalem to be a “corpus separatum under a special international regime . . . administered by the United Nations.”
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 划分，分开; 分割; 隔离物; 隔墙
vt. 分开，隔开; 区分; 分割
时态：partitioned, partitioning, partitions
分布：划分(46%)，分割(33%)，隔开(9%)，区分(7%)，隔离物(5%)
→来自part,分开，部分，-ition,名词后缀。引申词义隔断，隔墙。
分开,划分(part+ition→[分成]部分)[part,port=part,divide,表示"部分,分开"]
瓜分,隔开(part部分)[-iteon表名词"行为过程,状态"]
US [pɑ:r-] noun
DIVIDING STRUCTURE 分隔物
countable
■a vertical structure like a thin wall which separates one part of a room or building from another 隔墙，隔板
• The partitions between the toilets were very thin. 厕所间的隔板很薄。
UK [pɑ:'tɪʃ.ən] US [pɑ:r-] noun
NATIONAL DIVISION 国家的分裂
uncountable
■the dividing of a country into separate countries or areas of government （国家的）分割，分裂，分治
• The partition of India occurred in 1947. 印度在1947年发生分裂。
UK [pɑ:'tɪʃ.ən] US [pɑ:r-] verb transitive
DIVIDE ROOM 分隔房间
■to divide one part of a room from another with a thin wall 分隔，隔开
• Why don't you partition that large room into a lounge and a dining-room? 你为甚么不把那个大房间隔成起居室和饭厅呢？
UK [pɑ:'tɪʃ.ən] US [pɑ:r-] verb transitive
DIVIDE COUNTRY 分割国家
■to divide a country into separate areas of government （国家的）分割，分裂，分治
• Ireland was partitioned in 1921. 爱尔兰在1921年出现分裂。
n. [计] 划分，分开； [数] 分割； [建] 隔墙；隔离物
 - division, segmentation
vt. [数] 分割；分隔；区分
 - segment, deleave

Word: mammal
Front: mammal
[ˈmæml] (研六托雅宝 6146/5214 -1)
Vocabulary: mammal
(once / 1299 pages)
n
What do you have in common with your hamster, a whale, a bat, a giraffe, and the kid who packs your groceries? Every one is a mammal — a hairy, warm-blooded, milk-drinking vertebrate, just like you.
All mammals are part of the scientific class mammalian, which got its name from the mammary glands used to nourish mammal babies. A note of interest: although a characteristic of mammals is that babies are born live, there’s a group of mammals called monotremes, like the platypus, that lay eggs; but whose young’uns, after they hatch, still get fed mama’s milk. Go figure.
WORD FAMILY
mammal: mammalian, mammals+/mammalian: mammalians
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It is illegal to interrupt any marine mammal’s natural behavior,” the guidelines say.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
There are many uncertainties, such as whether the small sea mammal would even survive captivity.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Elk are enormous but surprisingly graceful mammals who often venture down from higher elevations in search of food during the winter.
Reuters(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 哺乳动物
分布：哺乳动物(100%)
→来自拉丁语mammalis,乳房的，来自mamma,乳房。瑞典生物学家林奈借用拉丁词来指哺乳动物。
哺乳动物[mamm=breast(奶)]
n.哺乳动物The animals unanimously vanished from the mammal's room furnished with Spanish furniture.动物一齐从配备有西班牙家具的哺乳动物的房间消失.
【记】mamma（乳房），l－哺乳动物
noun countable
■any animal of which the female gives birth to babies, not eggs, and feeds them on milk from her own body 哺乳动物
• Humans, dogs, elephants and dolphins are all mammals, but birds, fish and crocodiles are not. 人、狗、大象和海豚都是哺乳动物，而鸟、鱼和鳄鱼则不是。
n. [脊椎] 哺乳动物
 - suckler

Word: sailing
Front: sailing
[ˈseɪlɪŋ] (高雅 10027/5717 -K2)
Back: n. 帆船运动; （乘帆船的）航行; （轮船的）航班
v. 驾驶( sail的现在分词); 起航; 坐船旅行; 掠
adj. 航行的
分布：航行(70%)，航海(21%)，启航(8%)，动词sail的现在分词.(1%)
noun
uncountable
■the sport or activity of using boats with sails 帆船运动
• the sailing club 帆船俱乐部
• She loves to go sailing. 她喜欢玩帆船。
countable
■when a ship leaves a port 启航，出航
• There are frequent sailings from Dover. 有很多船从多佛启航。
n. 航行， [水运] 航海；启航；航海术
 - salling, siling
adj. [水运] 航行的
 - navigational
v. [水运] 航行，起航（sail的现在分词形式）
 - navigating

Word: cage
Front: cage
[keɪdʒ] (高研四六 4143/4775 -2)
Vocabulary: cage
(once / 763 pages)
1nv 2n 3n
A cage is a structure that keeps an animal captive. If you decide to raise a tiger in your bedroom, it's best to have a sturdy cage.
Cage is equally at home as a noun or verb. For instance, a batting cage is fun, but a free bird does not desire you to cage it. A cage of an elevator is great to ride to the 30th floor, but not so great if you’re riding it down into the mines and it breaks 40 feet below the earth.
WORD FAMILY
cage: caged, cages, caging
USAGE EXAMPLES
His doves, Divinity and Majesty, flutter in an ornate white cage on the viewing balcony above.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
He backed Lineker to the cage with a punch in the third.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Half of the animals were put into cages that contained running wheels.
New York Times(Jun 15, 2016)
Back: n. 笼子; 牢房; 升降车; [棒]练球场
vt. 把…关入牢中; 把…关进笼内; 把（冰球等）打入球门
时态：caged, caging, cages
分布：笼子(94%)，监狱(4%)，笼状结构(1%)，关入笼中(1%)
→词源同cave，洞穴。即关东西的地方。
n.鸟笼The villagers in rage caused a tragedy on the cage-like stage.狂怒的村民在笼子形的舞台上制造了一场悲剧.
noun countable
 IMPROVER
■a space surrounded on all sides by bars or wire, in which animals or birds are kept 笼子
[keɪdʒ] verb transitive usually passive
■to put or keep birds or animals in a cage （把鸟或动物）关进笼子里
• caged birds/animals 笼中鸟／兽
• Sam's been prowling about like a caged animal all morning. 萨姆整个上午都像困兽一样走来走去。
n. 笼，兽笼；牢房，监狱
 - prison, jail

Word: reiterate
Front: reiterate
[riˈɪtəreɪt] (托宝 8754/7665 -1)
Vocabulary: reiterate
(once / 918 pages)
v
To reiterate something is to say or do something again, or many times. Let me reiterate: if you repeat yourself, you're reiterating the thing you originally said.
This verb is from Middle English reiteraten, from Latin reiteratus, from reiterare "to repeat," from the prefix re- "again" plus iterare "to repeat, iterate." The English word iterate has the same meaning as reiterate, although it is not as commonly used.
WORD FAMILY
reiterate: reiterated, reiterates, reiterating, reiteration, reiterative+/ iterate: iterated, iterates, iterating, iteration, iterative, reiterate / iteration: iterations/ iterative: iteratively/reiteration: reiterations
USAGE EXAMPLES
To reiterate: A story about a severe weather event that didn’t happen was more popular than most stories about events that did.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Speaking ahead of the Centennial Classic, Bettman reiterated that NHL owners were reluctant to return for a sixth consecutive Olympics.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The 37-year-old receiver reiterated last week that he’s likely retiring.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. 重申; 反复地做
时态：reiterated, reiterating, reiterates
分布：重申(100%)
→re-,再，重新，iterate,反复，重复。
重申(re+iterate重说→反复重说)[re-①表示"向后,相反,不"②表示"一再,重新"]
【记】re反复，iterate（v 反复说）源于：literate（n 学者；adj 有文化的）
US [-'ɪtˌ.ɚ.eɪt] formal
verb transitive
■to say something again, once or several times 反复地说，反复讲；重申
• The government has reiterated its refusal to compromise with terrorists. 政府重申拒绝向恐怖分子妥协。
• [+ that] She reiterated that she had never seen him before. 她一再重申自己以前从未见过他。
vt. 重申；反复地做
 - ingeminate, restate

Word: glacier
Front: glacier
[ˈglæsiə(r)] (托雅 7875/10592 -1)
Vocabulary: glacier
(once / 688 pages)
n
A glacier is a very large ice mass, sometimes miles and miles long. Glaciers might not seem all that exciting at first, but people are paying close attention to them because their melting is an indication of climate change.
Most glaciers on Earth are found around the North and South poles, but every continent except for Australia has glaciers somewhere in its high mountain ranges. People often want to go see glaciers because they're beautiful, and some you can actually hike across. Luckily, if you get thirsty glaciers are the planet’s largest reservoir of freshwater. You’ll just have to find some way of melting them . . .
WORD FAMILY
glacier: glaciate, glaciers+/glaciate: glaciated, glaciates, glaciation/glaciation: glaciations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Q: I can’t get a refund from Amtrak for its totally inappropriate “handicapped” room on the Empire Builder from Chicago to Glacier National Park.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But an eight point second quarter by Rogers put Glacier Peak in contro.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
He used to doubt climate change was melting this huge Greenland glacier.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 冰河，冰川
分布：冰川(80%)，冰河(20%)
冰河,冰川(glac冰+ier)[-ier表名词"人或物"]
【记】glaci＝ice
US ['gleɪ.si.ɚ] noun countable
■a large mass of ice which moves slowly 冰川；冰河
n. 冰河， [地理] [水文] 冰川
 - ice floe

Word: exec
Front: exec
[ɪgˈzek] (12420/36382)
Back: abbr. execute 实行; executive 实行的
N-COUNT
Exec is an abbreviation for (缩略=) executive.
n. 执行，执行程序；主任参谋，副舰长
 - enforcement, performance, implementing

Word: crane
Front: crane
[kreɪn] (研四六 8390/8536 -2)
Vocabulary: crane
(once / 1811 pages)
1n 2n 3v
A crane is an elegant white bird with a very long neck. You're most likely to see cranes wading near shorelines and in marshy areas.
There are fifteen species of cranes, and almost all of them are endangered. Cranes are known for their odd mating dances and for the fact that they typically mate for life. When you crane your neck, you stretch it in order to get a better view of something — like a crane might do. The tall machine also known as a crane is clearly named for the long-necked bird as well.
WORD FAMILY
crane: craned, cranes, craning
USAGE EXAMPLES
Men moved steel plate and I-beams with cranes that ran on tracks in the floor.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Decker says Union Pacific plans to use a crane to put the train back on the tracks but that likely won’t happen until Thursday.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The seaport in Hodeidah — where much of what northwestern Yemen imports and humanitarian aid arrives — was also attacked, disabling giant cranes and other equipment.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 吊车，起重机; 鹤
vt. & vi. 伸长，探头
vi. 迟疑，踌躇
时态：craned, craning, cranes
分布：起重机(70%)，鹤(27%)，起吊(2%)，犹豫(1%)
→来自gere, 鸣叫，拟声词。比较crow, cock, raven.
n.起重机,鹤In the lane the planer saw a planet airplane under the crane.在巷道里,刨工看见了起重机下的行星飞机.
noun countable
MACHINE 机器
■a tall metal structure with a long horizontal part which is used for lifting and moving heavy objects 起重机，吊车
• The crane lifted the container off the ship. 起重机吊起了船上的集装箱。
[kreɪn] noun countable
BIRD 鸟
■a tall bird with long thin legs and a long neck 鹤
[kreɪn] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition transitive
■to stretch in order to look at something 伸长（脖子），探着身子（看）
• He craned forward to see the procession. 他伸长脖子看游行队伍。
• Mike was craning his neck to get the first glimpse of the car. 麦克伸长脖子，想抢先一睹那辆汽车的风采。
n. 吊车， [机] 起重机； [鸟] 鹤
 - suspended ceiling, derrick
vi. 伸着脖子看；迟疑，踌躇
 - hesitate, stand at

Word: incremental
Front: incremental
[ˌɪŋkrə'mentl] (10417/12988)
Vocabulary: incremental
(once / 12416 pages)
adj
If you are making incremental progress in math, you are moving slowly but steadily forward. Incremental describes regular, measurable movements that are usually small.
Sometimes a basketball team might make a huge improvement, like a team that is 32-50 one year and then 50-32 the next. More often, progress is small and tiny — incremental. Anytime something is changing in any way, and the change is slow and steady, you can talk about incremental changes. A lot of life is like that. You might prefer to be making great or even miraculous progress, but incremental gains are better than none at all.
WORD FAMILY
incremental: incrementally+/ increment: incremental, increments
USAGE EXAMPLES
Even when the text seems repetitive, there’s value in such incremental updates.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
In the war against self-destruction, victories tend to be small, incremental and fragile.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Tax reform is a core element here, too — raising returns to work by reducing tax rates on incremental earnings.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 增加的
分布：增加的(59%)，增量的(41%)
US [-tˌəl] adjective
■in a series of amounts 增加的；递增的
• Most research proceeds by small incremental advances. 大多数的研究是渐进式的。
■small 小的
• Changes at the newspaper are more incremental than radical. 报纸的变化不大。
adj. 增加的，增值的
 - accessorial, enhancive

Word: saviour
Front: saviour
[ˈseɪvjə(r)] (-/11213 -1)
Back: n. 救世主，救星; 救助者，拯救者
分布：救星(76%)，救助者(24%)
救星(sav+iour人→救助的人→救星)[salvsav=save,表示"救助"]
US [-vjɚ] noun countable UK a person who saves someone from danger or harm 救助者；拯救者；救星
the/our Saviour
■in the Christian religion, another word for Jesus Christ Jesus (Christ) 的另一种说法
n. 救世主；救星；救助者
 - Christ, Mahdi

Word: prestigious
Front: prestigious
[preˈstɪdʒəs] (研托雅宝 6451/7170 -2)
Vocabulary: prestigious
(once / 3596 pages)
adj
Eagle Scout is a prestigious position within the Boy Scouts. It requires a lot of hard work over a number of years, and if you become one, lots of people will respect you.
The adjective prestigious has a really wonderful Latin root, praestigiae, which means "conjuring tricks." Think of the magic word, "Presto!" Even though today's prestigious doesn't necessarily mean that the person described can do magic, imagining prestigious people as magicians can help you remember the admiration and status that the word implies.
WORD FAMILY
prestigious: prestigiously, prestigiousness+/ prestige: prestiges, prestigious
USAGE EXAMPLES
He is determined to earn a degree from a prestigious university to back up his professional basketball aspirations.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Rejection from a prestigious art academy in Japan strengthened his resolve to gain recognition for his individualized approach.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Currently on the market is a classic townhouse on India Street, one of the most prestigious streets in New Town for offers over $2.76 million.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 受尊敬的，有声望的; <古>魔术的，欺骗的
分布：享有声望的(60%)，声望很高的(40%)
→来自prestige,威望，名望。
adjective
■very much respected and admired, usually because of being important 有威望的，有声望的，受尊敬的
• a prestigious literary award 颇具声望的文学奖
• a prestigious university 享有盛誉的大学
adj. 有名望的；享有声望的
 - celebrated

Word: manpower
Front: manpower
[ˈmænpaʊə(r)] (11494/6110 -1)
Vocabulary: manpower
(once / 1124 pages)
n
Manpower is the total number of people who can work to get something done. How quickly you clean your house after a big party will depend on how much manpower you've got.
The term manpower can mean "labor force," "workforce," "workers," or simply "people," and despite the man, it applies to both men and women. A large ship requires more manpower than a small sailboat, and the amount of manpower required to run Disneyland for a day is estimated to be at least 20,000 employees, most of whom aren't wearing cartoon character costumes.
WORD FAMILY
manpower
USAGE EXAMPLES
He left the manpower agency that month for a fellowship at the Institute of Politics at Harvard.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Boulder police and prosecutors at the time lacked the manpower and skill for such a case, said Boulder County Dist.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Among several factors, Baraka and Ambrose credit the drop to an increase in police manpower and partnerships with county and state law enforcement.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 人力; 劳动力; 人力资源; 人手
分布：人力(99%)，主要经营临时帮助)(1%)
→比喻用法。
US [-paʊr] noun uncountable
■the supply of people who are able to work 人力，劳动力
• The industry has suffered from a lack of manpower. 该产业缺乏劳动力。
• manpower shortages 人力短缺
n. 人力；人力资源； [劳经] 劳动力
 - human power, Human Resource HR

Word: warship
Front: warship
[ˈwɔ:ʃɪp] (11960/12328 -1)
Back: n. 军舰，战舰
分布：军舰(63%)，战舰(37%)
US ['wɔ:r-] noun countable
■a ship supplied with guns, for use in war 战舰，军舰
n. 战船， [军] 军舰
 - warcraft, naval ship

Word: caretaker
Front: caretaker
[ˈkeəteɪkə(r)] (9583/8671 -1)
Vocabulary: caretaker
(once / 3474 pages)
n
When you work as a caretaker, you look after a house or a piece of property. The caretaker of a grand old estate might live in a small cottage on its grounds.
A caretaker might make small repairs to a house, weed a property's flower gardens, or mow the lawn. Some caretakers live in the house they care for, often during an off season when its main inhabitants don't stay there. You can also use the word to mean "caregiver," a person who takes care of someone who's elderly or ill, or to refer to someone who looks after animals.
WORD FAMILY
caretaker: caretakers
USAGE EXAMPLES
He started working in Witschi’s laboratory, first as an animal caretaker and then as a lab technician, before enrolling in medical school in 1955.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The estate is often nearly empty, according to law enforcement officials, inhabited year-round by just a few Russian caretakers.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
With noninvasive options exhausted and the wound still refusing to heal, the caretakers chose exploratory surgery.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 看门人; 看管着; 守护者
adj. 暂时代理的，临时的
分布：看门人(58%)，看管人(23%)，临时代理的(19%)
US ['kerˌteɪ.kɚ] noun countable
BUILDING WORKER 大楼工作人员 UK (US and Scottish English janitor) (US also custodian)
■a person employed to take care of a large building, such as a school, and who deals with the cleaning, repairs, etc. （大楼的）管理员，看门人
UK ['keəˌteɪ.kər] US ['kerˌteɪ.kɚ] noun countable
GIVES CARE 予以照顾 US for carer
n. 看管者；看门人；守护者
 - gatekeeper, doorman

Word: trauma
Front: trauma
[ˈtrɔ:mə] (雅 4824/7569 -2)
Vocabulary: trauma
(once / 2218 pages)
n
A trauma is a shock to the body or spirit. A car accident can cause physical trauma like broken bones while losing your dog on a walk is an emotional trauma.
When you think of trauma think of blunt force. Trauma tends to come on all at once and be quite serious. Someone who experiences trauma will have either a traumatic injury or traumatic distress. Try not to use this term lightly. If you say that having to wait twenty minutes for a burger was a trauma, people will rightly accuse you of drama.
WORD FAMILY
trauma: traumas, traumata, traumatic, traumatise, traumatize +/ traumatic: traumatically/traumatise: traumatised/ traumatize: traumatized, traumatizes, traumatizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
When officers got to the scene, they say they found a man with obvious gunshot trauma.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
A separate entrance for emergency care directly into the hospital means a high level of discretion for trauma cases.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The mother was treated and released from Maryland Shock Trauma Center in Baltimore.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 创伤（由心理创伤造成精神上的异常）; 损伤; 痛苦经历; 挫折
分布：创伤(66%)，外伤(34%)
→来自希腊语 trauma,创伤，伤害，来自 trau,扩展自 tere,转动，刮擦，词源同 turn,torment. 引申词义精神创伤，痛苦，挫折等。
【记】读：臭骂，造成精神创伤
【参】traumatic（adj 外伤的；创伤的）
UK ['traʊ-] US ['trɑ:-] noun countable or uncountable
SHOCK 震惊
■(a) severe emotional shock and pain caused by an extremely upsetting experience 精神创伤，心理创伤
• the trauma of marriage breakdown 婚姻破裂带来的心理创伤
• He had psychotherapy to help him deal with his childhood traumas. 他进行了心理治疗来医治童年时代受到的心理创伤。
UK ['trɔ:.mə] UK ['traʊ-] US ['trɑ:-] noun countable or uncountable
INJURY 损伤 specialized
■(a) severe injury, usually caused by a violent attack or an accident （通常由猛烈攻击或事故造成的）严重外伤，损伤
n. [外科] 创伤（由心理创伤造成精神上的异常）；外伤
 - wound, vulnus

Word: farewell
Front: farewell
[ˌfeəˈwel] (研四六雅宝 8121/6967 -2)
Vocabulary: farewell
(once / 203 pages)
n
If you’re saying goodbye to someone you might not see for long time, say farewell, preferably while waving a hankie from the Queen Mary before it sails across the Atlantic. Farewell is a fancy way to say goodbye.
A farewell is also an expression of good wishes at a parting. If you’re leaving a job after being there a long time, your co-workers might throw you a farewell party. Farewell is an expression, like "goodbye," but also a noun — if you like to leave without a lot of fuss, you don’t like long farewells. Farewell is a combination of fare and well. Fare comes from the Old English word faran, which means "to journey."
WORD FAMILY
farewell: farewells
USAGE EXAMPLES
President Obama is planning a major farewell address which does not appear to be a farewell at all.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But the most telling part of the coach’s farewell talk was this:
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Astrophysics, and the smaller world of women in science, said farewell to a pioneer and a champion in Vera Rubin.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 告别，欢送; 欢送会; 告别辞
int. 再见，再会; 一路平安
adj. 告别的，送行的
分布：告别(84%)，别了(9%)，告别的(5%)，再会(2%)
→fare, 远行。well, 一路顺风。
int.再会,别了n.告别I daren't declare that the shares are my spare fare and welfare on the farewell party.在告别会上,我不敢宣称这些股票是我的备用车费和福利.
【反】debut（v 首次登场）－farewell performance（告别演出）
US [ˌfer-] exclamation old-fashioned or formal
■goodbye 再见，再会
UK [ˌfeə'wel] US [ˌfer-] noun countable formal
■when someone says goodbye 告别；辞行
• We said our sad farewells and got on the bus. 我们悲伤地道别后，上了公车。
• He bid us both a fond (= affectionate) farewell. 他向我们两人深情道别。
• a farewell party 告别会
n. 告别，辞别；再见；再会
 - adieux, leave-taking
int. 别了！（常含有永别或不容易再见面的意思）；再会！
 - tara
adj. 告别的
 - valedictory

Word: foreseeable
Front: foreseeable
[fɔ:ˈsi:əbl] (研 11604/9797 -1)
Vocabulary: foreseeable
(once / 8455 pages)
adj
If you know something’s coming, it’s foreseeable. Foreseeable things can be predicted or guessed ahead of time. If there’s no money for you in the foreseeable future, you better get a job.
The adjective foreseeable most often turns up in the phrase "the foreseeable future," which basically means "as far in the future as I can predict." The meaning is in the word – it’s the “before” you’re “able” to “see.” You might be so mad at your sister that you tell her you won't drive her to school for the foreseeable future — in other words, you can't, at this point, imagine a time when you'll be willing to give her a ride.
WORD FAMILY
foreseeable: foreseeably, unforeseeable+/ foresee: foresaw, foreseeable, foreseed, foreseeing, foreseen, foresees/foreseen: unforeseen /oversee: oversaw, overseed, overseeing, overseen, overseer, oversees/overseer: overseers/ see: foresee, oversee, seeable, seeing, seen, seer, sees/seeable: unseeable/seeing: seeingly, seeings, unseeing/seen: unseen, unseeyn/ seer: seers/unforeseeable: unforeseeably/unseeing: unseeingly/unseen: unseens
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sadly, this is likely to be a burgeoning field for the foreseeable future.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
It’ll be there Monday, and for home games for the foreseeable future, in Red Zone lot 31.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
The worst foreseeable outcome is that he will succeed.
Washington Post(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: adj. 可预见到的
分布：可预见到的(100%)
US [fɔ:r-] adjective
■A foreseeable event or situation is one that can be known about or guessed before it happens. （事件或情形）可预见的，可预知的，可预料的
in/for the foreseeable future
■as far into the future as you can imagine or plan for 在可预见的将来
• I'll certainly carry on living here for the foreseeable future. 在可预见的将来我肯定会继续住在这里。
• He asked me if there was any point in the foreseeable future when I'd like to have children. 他问我是否想在不久的将来某个时候要个孩子。
adj. 可预知的；能预测的
 - calculable

Word: midnight
Front: midnight
[ˈmɪdnaɪt] (高四六雅 3461/3635 -K3)
Vocabulary: midnight
(once / 179 pages)
n
Midnight is the moment at which one day ends and the next begins — it's twelve o' clock at night. Follow the Fairy Godmother's advice to Cinderella, and always get homr before midnight.
At midnight, the date changes, and the time changes from PM to AM. It's no surprise that midnight is the very middle of the night, the word itself stemming from the Old English mid-niht, from mid, "among" or "in the middle of," and night, from niht, which appropriately means both "night" and "darkness."
WORD FAMILY
midnight: midnights+/ night: midnight, nightly, nights, overnight / overnight: overnighter, overnights/overnighter: overnighters
USAGE EXAMPLES
Cooper unveiled names of only a few people to serve in his administration before he was sworn in to office just after midnight Saturday.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Gov. Ricardo Rossello, 37, proposed several measures aimed at alleviating the crisis shortly after he was sworn in at midnight.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Their second son, Everett, arrived one minute after midnight on Sunday.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 子夜，午夜; 漆黑; 一段黑暗阴暗的时间; 漏夜
分布：午夜(97%)，漆黑(3%)
noun uncountable
 IMPROVER
■12 o'clock in the middle of the night 子夜，午夜
• There's a great film on TV at midnight. 午夜时分电视上会播一部好电影。
• It was after midnight when we got home. 我们到家时已过午夜。
adj. 半夜的；漆黑的
 - pitch-dark, inky

Word: ploy
Front: ploy
[plɔɪ] (宝 11458/9604 -1)
Vocabulary: ploy
(once / 6466 pages)
n
A ploy is a clever plan that helps you get what you want. A manipulative little girl might shed tears simply as a ploy to get her mother to buy her ice cream.
A politician might add amendments to a bill as a ploy to delay voting, or a hooligan might yell, "Fire!" in a movie theater as a ploy to sneak his friends in. A sneaky move in a game is a ploy, and sensational news about a celebrity can be just a ploy to get him more media attention. The first recorded use of ploy was in 1722, meaning "anything with which one amuses oneself" in Scottish and Northern English dialects.
WORD FAMILY
ploy: ploys
USAGE EXAMPLES
This looks like little more than a cynical ploy to stoke public antipathy to federal regulation.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Massachusetts Republicans say the criticism is a political ploy.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Lawyers for the city called the suit a “last-minute ploy to nullify a legislative directive and eviscerate” the city’s promise to protect applicants’ privacy.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 策略，手法; 工作
v. 横队变纵队
分布：策略(71%)，手段(29%)
→缩写自deploy,部署，词源同ply,complicate.引申词义计谋，策略，花招等。
(取胜的)策略,手法[ploy=use,invlve,表示"用,参与"]
noun countable
■something that is done or said in order to get an advantage, often dishonestly 计谋，策略；手法，花招
• There are various ploys we can use if necessary. 必要的话，我们可以用各种手段。
• [+ to infinitive] He only said he had a meeting as a ploy to get her to leave. 他说他有一个会议要参加，只是为了把她支开。
n. 策略；活动；工作
 - strategy, device, activity, movement, pursuit

Word: industrialist
Front: industrialist
[ɪnˈdʌstriəlɪst] (14888/7815 -1)
Back: n. 工业家，实业家; 工业主义者
分布：实业家(62%)，工业家(38%)
noun countable
■an owner or an employee in a high position in industry 工业家；实业家；工厂主；产业工人
n. 实业家；工业家；产业工人
 - city man

Word: inept
Front: inept
[ɪˈnept] (托雅宝 13957/14202 -1)
Vocabulary: inept
(once / 5164 pages)
adj
A clumsy, incompetent person — or an ineffective action — is inept. When you're inept, you don't know what you're doing or just can't get it done.
Someone inept is bumbling, clueless, and ineffective. Inept people are dumb or clueless; they don't understand things. More than that, inept people are bad at what they do. An inept lawyer always loses cases. An inept figure skater wipes out on the ice. An inept postal worker loses mail and puts it in the wrong box. An inept person is downright bad at something. The opposite of inept is competent.
WORD FAMILY
inept: ineptly, ineptness
USAGE EXAMPLES
In Davao City, he helped lure investors, dramatically cut red tape and fired inept officials.
Reuters(Dec 30, 2016)
Meanwhile, the Broncos trudged through another inept offensive performance.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Meanwhile, the Broncos trudged through another inept offensive performance.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 无能的，不称职的; 愚昧的，愚蠢的; 不恰当的; 笨拙的
分布：无能的(53%)，笨拙的(30%)，不适当的(17%)
→in-,不，非，-ept,连接，抓住，达到，词源同aptitude,adept.即达不到，引申词义无能力。
adjective
■not skilled or effective 无能的；笨拙的；无效的
• an inept comment/remark 拙劣的评论／谈话
• He was always rather inept at sport. 他一直不擅长体育运动。
• He was criticized for his inept handling of the situation. 他由于对这个局面处理不当而受到批评。
• Dick was socially inept and uncomfortable in the presence of women. 迪克在女性面前显得笨拙和不安。
adj. 笨拙的；不适当的
 - inadequate, unhappy, wrong, clumsy, awkward

Word: mint
Front: mint
[mɪnt] (六托雅宝 8674/8850 -2)
Back: n. 薄荷; 铸币厂; 大量，尤指钱; 来源
vt. 铸造，铸币; 发明或创造
adj. 崭新的，完美的; 未损坏的
时态：minted, minting, mints
分布：薄荷(83%)，造币厂(15%)，伪造(1%)，完美无缺的(1%)
→来自拉丁文menta,薄荷，来自希腊语Minthe,薄荷仙子，在古希腊神话中，原为泉水仙子，因引诱冥王Hades,被冥后Persephone变成了薄荷树。mint 铸造，铸币，创造
【记】mint源于money
noun
PLANT 植物
 ADVANCED uncountable
■a herb whose leaves have a strong fresh smell and taste and are used for giving flavour to food 薄荷
• a sprig of mint 薄荷枝
• mint-flavoured gum/toothpaste 薄荷味的口香糖／牙膏
 ADVANCED countable
■a sweet with a mint flavour 薄荷糖
• a packet of extra-strong mints 一包特浓薄荷糖
• after-dinner chocolate mints 餐后巧克力薄荷糖
[mɪnt] noun
MONEY 金钱
countable
■a place where the new coins of a country are made 铸币厂
only singular informal
■an extremely large amount of money 巨额款项
• If his books sell in the States, he'll make a mint. 如果他的书在美国销量理想的话，他会赚一大笔钱。
[mɪnt] adjective [before noun]
■describes stamps and coins, etc. which have not been used （邮票、硬币等）簇新的
• A collector would pay $500 for a mint copy. 收藏家会愿意花500美元买一套簇新版。
in mint condition
■perfect, as if new （好像）新的；完美的
• CD player, in mint condition - £50. 完好无缺的CD播放机——50英镑。
[mɪnt] verb transitive
COIN 硬币
■to produce a coin for the government 铸造（硬币）
[mɪnt] verb transitive
STH NEW 创新
■to produce something new, especially to invent a new phrase or word 创造（尤指新词语）
• a freshly minted slogan/phrase 新设计的口号／新创的短语
• newly minted college graduates 刚毕业的大学生
n. [植] 薄荷； [金融] 造币厂，巨款
 - menta, peppermint
vt. 铸造，铸币
 - coin

Word: restless
Front: restless
[ˈrestləs] (研四六雅宝 7303/7077 -2)
Vocabulary: restless
(once / 234 pages)
adj
When you're restless, you find it hard to sit still or concentrate on anything. An audience often grows restless when they're waiting for the second act of a play to start and there's an unexpected delay.
If you think of restless as "unable to rest or relax," you'll know exactly what it means. You might have a restless night if you can't fall asleep and spend hours tossing and turning. A bunch of elementary school kids listening to a boring speech will grow restless in a way that's hard to miss, since they're bound to be squirming in their seats.
WORD FAMILY
restless: restlessly, restlessness+/ rest: rested, rester, restful, resting, restless, rests, unrest/ rested: unrested/rester: resters/ restful: restfuler, restfulest, restfully, restfulness/restlessness: restlessnesses/unrest: unrests
USAGE EXAMPLES
In a small randomized controlled trial lasting eight weeks, 12 patients with restless leg syndrome seemed to see improvements in symptoms and quality of life.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
About five hours after the surgery, getting restless, she grabbed a nurse.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Mr. Johnson relished his lush job, but he soon grew restless again.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 焦躁不安的; 不耐烦的; 坐立不安的; 难以入睡的
分布：不安宁的(58%)，得不到休息的(21%)，焦虑的(21%)
→rest,休息，安静，-less,没有。即没法休息的，没法安静的，焦躁不安的。
不安的;得不到休息的(和restive 是同一意思)[rest=stay(停留)]
a.得不到休息的;不平静的;坐立不安的The children in my class get restless near the end of the term.我班上的儿童到了学期末尾就变得坐立不安.
【反】quiescence（n 静止）－restless activity（不停的活动）
adjective
■unwilling or unable to stay still or to be quiet and calm, because you are worried or bored 呆不住的；坐立不安的，焦躁的
• He's a restless type - he never stays in one country for long. 他是那种呆不住的人——他从来不在一个国家呆太长的时间。
• She spent a restless night (= She did not sleep well) , tossing and turning. 她在床上辗转反侧，一夜无眠。
uneasy, impatient, nervous, restless
这组词都有“焦躁的，紧张的”的意思，其区别是：
uneasy: 通常指因焦虑、疑惑或危险而产生的不安。
impatient: 指在心情或情绪上不能克制某种刺激或不适，或缺乏某种容忍与谅解而表现出焦急不安。
nervous: 普通用词，常指内心的紧张心态或生来就容易激动的性格。
restless: 多指经常的、毫无目的行动或活动，也常指思想上的焦躁不安。
adj. 焦躁不安的；不安宁的；得不到满足的
 - storm-tossed, twitchy

Word: rubble
Front: rubble
[ˈrʌbl] (托宝 7549/9739 -1)
Vocabulary: rubble
(once / 2767 pages)
n
The pile of crumbled debris that's left over after something breaks or collapses is rubble. Famous scenes of rubble include the fallen Twin Towers on September 11 and the remains of the Haitian capital after the 2010 earthquake.
Rubble rhymes with "bubble," but when a bubble bursts, it just dissolves into liquid, while rubble is piles of rock, concrete, brick, and other remains that are a very physical reminder of destruction. Rock slides create rubble from rocks, and natural disasters and explosions create rubble from buildings, cars, and trees. Unfortunately, rubble is usually heavy and can trap people or things beneath it, as when bodies are found in the rubble of a fire or earthquake.
WORD FAMILY
rubble: rubbles
USAGE EXAMPLES
The site, though liberated last month from the extremists, is reduced to rubble, largely unguarded and vulnerable to looters.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
“The good thing is the rubble is still in situ,” she said.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Firefighters found the victim’s body after a search through the rubble.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 碎石，瓦砾; 碎砖，瓦砾; 碎岩; 残壁
分布：瓦砾(59%)，碎石(41%)
→词源不详，可能来自 rub,刮，擦，磨，引申词义刮下来的碎石，碎砖。
【记】rub摩擦，ble：磨破人脚的石头－碎石
noun uncountable
■the piles of broken stone and bricks, etc. that are left when a building falls down or is destroyed （房屋倒塌或被毁后留下的）瓦砾堆，碎砖烂瓦，碎石
• The bomb reduced the house to rubble. 炸弹把这座房屋炸成了一堆瓦砾。
■small pieces of stone or rock used for building （建筑用的）石子，碎石，毛石
n. 碎石，碎砖； [建] 粗石堆
 - crushed stone, rockfill

Word: variant
Front: variant
[ˈveəriənt] (托雅 8882/5457 -1)
Vocabulary: variant
(once / 941 pages)
nadj
A variant is another version of something. You could say chimps and apes and gorillas are variants in the primate family.
Words often have variants, spellings that vary from region to region or country to country. The British colour and the American color are variants. When a movie or TV show is remade or casts a new actor — like with the string of James Bonds — you could call those movies variants. Where there are variants, there is variety — things aren't all the same.
WORD FAMILY
variant: invariant, variance, variantly, variants+/ invariable: invariability, invariableness, invariables, invariably /invariant: invariance, invariants/unvaried: unvariedly, unvariedness/ unvarying: unvaryingly/ variability: variabilities/ variable: invariable, variability, variableness, variables, variably/ variance: variances/variate: bivariate, multivariate, variates/ variation: covariation, variations/ varied: unvaried, variedly, variedness/ vary: co-vary, variable, variant, variate, variation, varied, varies, varying / varying: unvarying, varyingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Isolated, proud Pyongyang uses a variant of the old system.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The Super Hornet and its electronic warfare variant, the EA-18G Growler, employ thousands in St. Louis at Boeing and its contractors.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Now released in the United States for the first time, it is a fascinating variant on Ghibli’s house style.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. （词等的）变体，（字音的）转讹; [生]变种，变异体; 变形，变量，转化; [统]变式
adj. 不同的，相异的，不一致的; 多样的; 变异的; 易变的，不定的
分布：变体(77%)，不同的(23%)
US ['ver.i-] noun countable
■something which is slightly different from other similar things 变体；变种；变形
• There are many colas on the market now, all variants on the original drink. 现在市场上有多种可乐，都跟原先那种饮料差不多。
• There are four variants of malaria, all transmitted to humans by a particular family of mosquitoes. 疟疾有四个变种，都是透过一种特殊的蚊子传播给人。
UK ['veə.ri.ənt] US ['ver.i-] adjective
■different
• a variant form 变体
• Words spelt with 'ae', such as 'encyclopaedia', have a variant spelling with 'e', as in 'encyclopedia'. 拼写中带 ae 的单词，如 encyclopaedia，有一种可以只拼出 e 的变异拼法，如 encyclopedia。
adj. 不同的；多样的
 - different, diverse, unlike, multiple, varying
n. [生物] [计] 变体；转化
 - transformation, converting

Word: constructive
Front: constructive
[kənˈstrʌktɪv] (7446/5702 -2)
Vocabulary: constructive
(once / 1317 pages)
adj
If you have a constructive idea about how to improve society, you should share it. Something that is constructive brings about improvement and growth.
Constructive is an adjective associated with encouraging development, physical or otherwise. It is the opposite of destructive, which means "tending to destroy." If you are a constructive member of a community, you are a positive force, interested in building up and improving your community. You’ll often hear this word used in the phrase "constructive criticism," which refers to helpful criticism intended to encourage improvement. Negative criticism, in contrast, is just intended to show a person they're wrong.
WORD FAMILY
constructive: constructively, constructiveness, constructivism, unconstructive+/ construct: constructed, constructing, construction, constructive, constructor, constructs, deconstruct, reconstruct / construction: constructions/constructivism: constructivist/constructivist: constructivists/constructor: constructors/ deconstruct: deconstructed, deconstructing, deconstruction, deconstructivism, deconstructs/deconstruction: deconstructionism, deconstructions/deconstructionism: deconstructionist/ reconstruct: reconstructed, reconstructing, reconstruction, reconstructive, reconstructs/reconstructed: unreconstructed/ reconstruction: reconstructions/unreconstructed: unreconstructedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
It seems a far more constructive use of energy to recall the efforts that rose above.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
I want to end this dramatic year writing of a man whose great and constructive work I discovered in 2016.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
In a televised interview last week, Putin’s spokesman Dmitry Peskov said Russia was hoping for “new, fresher and more constructive approaches” from Trump’s administration.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 建设的，建设性的; 积极的，有助益的; 构造上的; [法]推定的
分布：建设性的(96%)，构造上的(3%)，作图的(1%)
adjective
■If advice, criticism or actions are constructive, they are useful and intended to help or improve something 建设性的；有益的；有用的；积极的
• She criticised my writing, but in a way that was very constructive - I learned a lot from her. 她批评了我的作品，但是以一种非常建设性的方式——我受益匪浅。
• If you don't have anything constructive to say, I'd rather you kept quiet. 要是你没甚么有用的话要说，最好保持安静。
adj. 建设性的；推定的；构造上的；有助益的
 - putative

Word: bounty
Front: bounty
[ˈbaʊnti] (雅 9150/14817 -1)
Vocabulary: bounty
(once / 687 pages)
1n 2n
If there is bounty on your table, it means you have a wide variety and large quantity of food. If there's a bounty on your head, it means the government has put out a reward for your capture.
Bounty derives from the Latin bonus "good." Both meanings of bounty are connected with the idea of generosity, giving. A government known for its bounty will probably set a large bounty on the head of a murderer at large.
WORD FAMILY
bounty: bounteous, bounties, bountiful +/ bounteous: bounteously, bounteousness/ bountiful: bountifully, bountifulness
USAGE EXAMPLES
He looked around in seeming astonishment at his family and friends and the bounty he’d provided, with such hopes, for a much larger audience.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Our investigation into the world’s biggest iPhone factory, in Zhengzhou, China, revealed a hidden bounty of perks, tax breaks and subsidies.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Eventually, in ways that are predictable and unpredictable, the bounty returns to them.
New York Times(Mar 27, 2013)
Back: n. （由政府提供的）奖金，赏金; 慷慨，大方; 赠物，赠金
分布：慷慨(95%)，慷慨的赠予物(5%)
→来自词根bon, 好，同bonus. -ty, 抽象名词后缀。
US [-tˌi] noun
REWARD 报酬
countable
■a sum of money paid as a reward 奖金；赏金
• A bounty of $10 000 has been offered for the capture of his murderer. 悬赏一万美元捉拿谋杀他的凶手。
UK ['baʊn.ti] US [-tˌi] noun
KINDNESS 仁慈
uncountable literary
■great kindness or willingness to give 慷慨，大方
• The charity is totally dependent on the Church's bounty. 慈善事业完全依靠全体基督徒的慷慨赠予。
UK ['baʊn.ti] US [-tˌi] noun
PLENTY 大量
countable usually singular
■a large amount 大量
• a bounty of food 大量的食物
n. 慷慨；丰富；奖励金；赠款
 - abundance, plenty, pregnancy, amplitude, generosity

Word: hoover

Word: hinge
Front: hinge
[hɪndʒ] (研六托雅宝 8810/9620 -1)
Vocabulary: hinge
(once / 900 pages)
nv
A hinge is a type of joint that attaches two things together while allowing for limited movement. A door hinge fastens the door to the wall and lets the door swing open.
A hinge is a joint that holds two pieces of something together while allowing one piece to move in a swinging motion. When used as a verb, hinge can mean "to attach a hinge." Hinge can also be used to indicate that one key event depends on another, as in “The athlete’s future with the team will hinge on his performance at tonight’s game” or “The success of this product hinges on how many units are sold this month.”
WORD FAMILY
hinge: hinged, hinges, hinging, unhinge+/unhinge: unhinged, unhinges, unhinging
USAGE EXAMPLES
Much of the Rams’ immediate future will hinge on Goff’s development under a new coach.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
In the end, her life hinged on one thing - a heart transplant.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Rogers says he hasn’t thought of it like that, or about how the season hinged on that play.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 铰链，折叶; 关键，转折点; 枢要，中枢
vt. & vi. 用铰链连接; 依…为转移; 给…安装铰链; （门等）装有蝶铰
vi. 依…而转移
时态：hinged, hingeing, hinges
分布：铰链(78%)，关键(20%)，用铰链装(1%)，依情况而定(1%)
→来自konk,悬挂，词源同hang.引申词义绞链，门合页。
n.合页,铰链vi.依...而定The gates were off their hinges.大门的铰链脱落了.
noun countable
■a piece of metal that fastens the edge of a door, window, lid, etc. to something else and allows it to swing open or closed 枢纽，铰链
• We had to take the front door off its hinges to get our new sofa into the house. 我们不得不把前门从铰炼上卸下来，这样我们的新沙发才能搬进屋子里。
[hɪndʒ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  hinge on/upon sth
■If one thing hinges on another, the first thing depends on the second thing or is very influenced by it 依靠，取决于
• The prosecution's case hinged on the evidence of a witness who died before the trial. 控方的案子取决于一位证人的证词，而该证人已在审判前死去。
■If a story or situation hinges on an idea or subject, it develops from that idea or that is the most important subject in it （故事或情况）围绕着…展开
• The film's plot hinges on a case of mistaken identity. 该电影的情节围绕着一宗身份误认案件展开。
n. [机] 铰链；枢纽；关键
 - key, crux

Word: rale

Word: ghetto
Front: ghetto
[ˈgetəʊ] (8584/11864 -2)
Vocabulary: ghetto
(once / 2637 pages)
n
Ghetto means a crowded poor part of a city lived in by a specific ethnic group. The word is powerful, often associated with a rich cultural heritage or a sense of shame and a desire to escape.
While most ghettos are formed through social forces (immigration, real estate values, public housing), in European cities during the time of the Nazi Holocaust (1939-1944), Jews were required by law to live in designated, often walled ghettos. Today, the word ghetto can also be used to describe non-geographic, but similarly cut off situations where one might feel stuck: "the academic ghetto."
WORD FAMILY
ghetto: ghettoes, ghettoise, ghettoize, ghettos+/ghettoize: ghettoized, ghettoizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Israel is creating Palestinian ghettos, islands of land that are doomed to failure without basic resources,” he said.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
A journey into one of the world’s oldest Jewish ghettos, where this year a long, rich history is commemorated.
New York Times(Dec 19, 2016)
After a few days in a ghetto they would leave.
Economist(Oct 20, 2016)
Back: n. 少数民族的集中住宅区; 犹太人区; 限制区，分离区; 贫民区
分布：贫民区(48%)，犹太人区(45%)，少数民族聚居区(7%)
→词源不确定。可能缩写自意大利语borghetto, 小城区，词源同borough, hamburg.
US ['getˌ.oʊ] (plural ghettos or ghettoes)
noun countable
■an area of a city, especially a very poor area, where people of a particular race or religion live closely together and apart from other people （尤指城市中贫穷的）某种族（或宗教信仰者）聚居区；贫民区
• As a child she lived in one of New York's poorest ghettos. 童年时，她居住的地方是纽约最贫穷的贫民区之一。
• to live in ghetto conditions 在贫民区中生活
■old use
■in the past, an area of a city where Jews were made to live （旧时的）犹太人居住区，隔都
■a part of society or group that is in some way divided from the main part 被主流社会隔离或集中的某一社会群体
• Brought up in what he describes as 'a middle class ghetto', he imagined that all people were as privileged as he was. 自称从小在“一个中产阶级聚居区”长大的他，以为所有人都是平等的。
n. 犹太人区；贫民区
 - East Side, favela

Word: profoundly
Front: profoundly
[prəˈfaʊndli] (托 6485/7548)
Vocabulary: profoundly
(once / 695 pages)
adv
If you’re profoundly moved by the last chapter of that novel you’re reading, then you’re extremely moved — you feel it deep in your soul.
The adverb profoundly means something similar to “extremely,” with the additional sense that it’s something intense and deeply felt. If you’re profoundly confused, you’re very confused — confused in a way that seems bottomless. The word can also describe something that affects you greatly. If you’re profoundly influenced by the works of Shakespeare, that means his writing shaped the whole way you think about writing, whether you're working on plays, limericks, love letters.
WORD FAMILY
profound: profounder, profoundest, profoundly, profoundness, profundity +/profoundness: profoundnesses/ profundity: profundities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Personal bias clouds our perceptions so profoundly that employee performance ratings often reveal more about the person conducting them than the person being rated.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
The girl was profoundly disabled, in a wheelchair.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Mr. Wear said Democrats need to recognize that America is “still a profoundly religious nation” if they hope to change their political fortunes.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adv. 深深地; 深切地; 深刻地; 极度地
分布：深深地(54%)，深刻地(46%)
adverb
■deeply or extremely 深刻地，极度
• Society has changed so profoundly over the last fifty years. 在过去的50年里，社会发生了如此深刻的变化。
• We are all profoundly grateful for your help and encouragement. 对于你的帮助和鼓励我们都深怀感激。
adv. 深刻地；深深地；极度地
 - deeply, poignantly

Word: mediate
Front: mediate
[ˈmi:dieɪt] (六托雅宝 7370/6739 -2)
Vocabulary: mediate
(once / 395 pages)
vadj
If your two best friends aren't speaking to each other, you might find yourself trying to mediate a peace accord between them. To mediate is to go from one to another and try to make peace.
Mediate derives from the Latin medius "middle," and people who mediate are in the middle, between the parties. Other things that are in the middle can be said to mediate as well. Your mind can mediate between your two conflicting personalities.
WORD FAMILY
mediate: intermediate, mediacy, mediated, mediately, mediateness, mediates, mediating, mediation, mediator, mediatory+/ intermediate: intermediated, intermediately, intermediates, intermediating, intermediation, intermediator/intermediation: intermediations/intermediator: intermediators/ mediated: unmediated/ mediation: mediations/ mediator: mediators/mediatory: mediatorily
USAGE EXAMPLES
Capucci remained in the headlines following his release, attempting to mediate in the Iran hostage crisis.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Those talks will be mediated by Russia, Turkey, and Iran.
Time(Dec 31, 2016)
Russia’s efforts to mediate the civil war in that country are at the top of the nightly news here.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. 经调解解决; 斡旋促成
vi. 调停，调解，斡旋
adj. 居间的，间接的
时态：mediated, mediating, mediates
分布：调停(56%)，斡旋(31%)，间接的(8%)，居间的(5%)
→来自拉丁语medius,在中间，词源同middle,-ate,使。即在中间施加影响的，引申词义调停，调解等。
调停a.中间的(med+iate→在中间[走]→调停)[med=middle,表示"中间"]
【记】med中间，I，，ate吃－我在两人中间吃饭－调停他们之间的矛盾
【参】medicate（v 用药医治；加入药物）源于：medicine（n 药）medieval（adj 中世纪的）
【区】meditate（v 宗教沉思）
verb intransitive or transitive
■to talk to two separate people or groups involved in a disagreement to try to help them to agree or find a solution to their problems 调解，调停，斡旋
• Negotiators were called in to mediate between the two sides. 请来了谈判人员为双方调解。
• The two envoys have succeeded in mediating an end to the war. 两位使节透过谈判斡旋促成了战争的结束。
vi. 调解；斡旋；居中
 - center, intercede
vt. 调停；传达
 - communicate, convey
adj. 间接的；居间的
 - indirect, circular

Word: township
Front: township
[ˈtaʊnʃɪp] (10263/9202 -2)
Back: n. 小镇; 镇区; 种族
分布：镇区(100%)
noun countable
■a South African town where only black people lived during apartheid （南非种族隔离时期的）黑人城镇，黑人居住区
• a black township 黑人城镇
• the township of Soweto 索韦托黑人城镇
• township music 黑人城镇音乐
■in the US and Canada, a unit of local government consisting of a town and the area surrounding it （美国和加拿大的）镇区
• the township of Dulce, New Mexico 新墨西哥州杜尔塞镇区
• Princeton Township 普林斯顿镇
n. 镇区；小镇
 - little town

Word: salvage
Front: salvage
[ˈsælvɪdʒ] (托雅宝 8909/11128 -2)
Vocabulary: salvage
(once / 2070 pages)
1nv 2v
To salvage something is to save it...before it's too late. You might try to salvage your damaged reputation by defending yourself, or salvage a burnt piece of toast by scraping off the black residue.
As a noun salvage is the act of rescuing stuff from a disaster like a shipwreck or fire — or the rescued goods themselves. As a verb, salvage means to collect or rescue that sort of item, or more generally to save something from harm or ruin. If you want to salvage your grade, you need to stop gaming so much and start studying more.
WORD FAMILY
salvage: salvageable, salvaged, salvager, salvages, salvaging+/salvager: salvagers/ salvation: salvations/salve: salvage, salvation, salved, salves, salving
USAGE EXAMPLES
Tennessee did salvage the franchise’s first winning record since 2011.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Workers were installing one of the few salvaged pieces from the fire: stained-glass windows that were carefully removed and restored.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
They document themselves with reality-show glee clearing Islamic state tunnels, hoisting salvaged weapons, pointing to graffiti, prisoners and corpses.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 海上营救; 抢救出的财产; 救援费; 经加工后重新利用的废物
vt. （从火灾、海难等中）抢救（某物）; 回收利用（某物）
时态：salvaged, salvaging, salvages
分布：打捞(37%)，抢救(35%)，救助(23%)，海上救助(5%)
→来自拉丁语 salvare,挽救，抢救，来自 sol,完整的，词源同 solid,salvation,save.-age,名词 后缀。引申诸相关词义。
抢救(salv+age表名词,如：foliage树叶)[salvsav=save,表示"救助"]
【记】salv＝save，age－抢救
【参】salvation（n 拯救）
verb transitive
■to save goods from damage or destruction, especially from a ship that has sunk or been damaged or a building that has been damaged by fire or a flood （尤指从失事船只、火灾或水灾中）抢救，打捞
• gold coins salvaged from a shipwreck 从船只残骸中打捞出的金币
• After the fire, there wasn't much furniture left worth salvaging. 火灾之后，没有剩下多少值得抢救的家俱。
■to try to make a bad situation better 挽救，挽回
• It was a desperate attempt to salvage the situation. 挽回这种局面的希望渺茫。
• After the fraud scandal he had to make great efforts to salvage his reputation. 诈骗丑闻传出后，他不得不极力挽回自己的声誉。
n. 打捞； [水运] [安全] 海上救助；抢救财货；救难的奖金
 - refloatation

Word: resurgence
Front: resurgence
[rɪˈsɜ:dʒəns] (宝 10353/11970 -1)
Vocabulary: resurgence
(once / 7582 pages)
n
Resurgence means coming back. Biker jackets are always cool––but in certain decades they experience a resurgence, and suddenly you see them everywhere.
There is nothing steady about resurgence––a surge is a sudden gush––think dancing fountain or an oil well that's just been tapped. Often, after a national tragedy, there is a resurgence in interest in family values and getting back to basics. In prosperous times, there's often a resurgence in sales of contemporary art.
WORD FAMILY
resurgence: resurgences+/ resurge: resurged, resurgent, resurges, resurging/ resurgent: resurgence / surge: resurge, surged, surges, surging/surging: surginger, surgingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
In particular, I hope that we see a resurgence in real reporters.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
I’m hopeful that 2017 will see the flickering resurgence of outdoor civic spaces blossom into something more profound and lasting.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Democrats are on the defensive, but the conditions are there for pushback and resurgence.
Slate(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 复苏，复活; 中断之后的继续; 再起; 回潮
分布：复活(43%)，再起(31%)，再现(26%)
复兴,再起(re+surg浪浪潮＋ence→重起浪潮→复兴)[re-①表示"向后,相反,不"②表示"一再,重新"]
US [-'sɝ:-] formal
noun [S or U]
■a new increase of activity or interest in a particular subject or idea which had been forgotten for some time 复苏；复兴；再次兴起
• The creation of independent states has led to a resurgence of nationalism. 独立国家的建立导致了民族主义的复苏。
• resurgence in demand/popularity/interest 需求的回升／再度流行／重新感兴趣
n. 复活；再现；再起
 - revival, regenesis

Word: antibody
Front: antibody
[ˈæntibɒdi] (宝 8806/4257 -2)
Vocabulary: antibody
(once / 7069 pages)
n
An antibody is a protein made by the body that latches onto foreign bacteria and viruses to make them ineffective. Each antibody is designed to target a particular opponent.
A powerful part of the body’s immune system, an antibody is produced when the body senses an invader — called an antigen that it doesn’t think should be there. The body then sends out the antibody to neutralize it. Don’t think of an antibody as being anti or “against” your body; think of the body in the word antibody as the antigen, or foreign body that is being fought. Known antibodies have been especially useful in the creation of vaccines.
WORD FAMILY
antibody: antibodies+/bodied: unbodied/bodiless: bodilessly/ body: antibody, bodied, bodies, bodiless, bodily, bodying, bodyless, underbody/underbody: underbodies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Esvelt and his team would begin by vaccinating their mice and sequencing the DNA of the most protective antibodies.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
The animal’s immune system produces a mixture of antibodies capable of binding to and inactivating the toxins.
Science Magazine(Dec 20, 2016)
On May 30th, after confirming that antibodies were responsible for the protective effects, the team sent a manuscript describing the findings to the journal Nature.
The New Yorker(Aug 15, 2016)
Back: n. <医>抗体
分布：抗体(100%)
抗体(anti+body身体)[anti-表示"反对,相反"]
【记】anti反，body身体－抗体
US [-tˌiˌbɑ:.di] noun countable
■a protein produced in the blood which fights diseases by attacking and killing harmful bacteria 抗体
• Antibodies found in breast milk protect newborn babies against infection. 母乳中含有的抗体可保护新生婴儿免受感染。

Word: devout
Front: devout
[dɪˈvaʊt] (托宝 10858/14036 -1)
Vocabulary: devout
(once / 559 pages)
adj
To be devout is to be deeply devoted to one's religion or to another belief, cause, or way of life. If you're reading this, you're probably a devout believer in improving your vocabulary.
Devout is often used to describe religious individuals, but this word also pop ups in the context of sports fans — a fact that may shed some light on the role of sports in today's society. However, while it's usually acceptable for a devout individual to miss work for religious holidays, devout sports fans have a tougher time convincing their boss to let them off for the big game.
WORD FAMILY
devout: devoutedly, devouter, devoutest, devoutly, devoutness+/devoutness: devoutnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Harriott is a devout Christian, and he ends each practice with a sermon at midfield.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Brotherhood leaders trusted Sisi in part because he was a devout Muslim.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
These days, some devout Christians do visit North Korea but they do so understanding that they keep their Christianity to themselves.
BBC(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 虔诚的; 真诚的，诚恳的; 献身于宗教的
分布：虔诚的(94%)，虔敬的(3%)，衷心的(3%)
→来自devote, 虔诚的。
【反】impiety（n 不虔诚）－devoutness（n 虔诚）
adjective
■believing strongly in a religion and obeying all its rules or principles 虔诚的，忠实于某宗教的
• a devout Buddhist/Christian/churchgoer 虔诚的佛教徒／基督教徒／教徒
adj. 虔诚的；衷心的
 - religious, good

Word: trouser
Front: trouser
['traʊzə(r)] None
Back: adj. 裤子的
n. 裤子
分布：裤子的(100%)
US ['traʊ.zɚ] adjective [before noun] (US usually pants)
■belonging or relating to trousers 属于裤子的，与裤子有关的
• "Just look at this scar," said Brian proudly, rolling up his trouser leg. “看看这个疤痕。”布赖恩卷起裤腿自豪地说道。
UK ['traʊ.zər] US ['traʊ.zɚ] verb transitive informal
■to get a large amount of money, especially in an unfair or illegal way （尤指以不公正方式或非法方式）捞取大笔金钱
• He trousered £80 000 of taxpayers' money. 他非法侵吞了纳税人缴交的80,000英镑。
n. 裤子
 - pants, britches

Word: extradite
Front: extradite
[ˈekstrədaɪt] (宝 23897/28015 -2)
Vocabulary: extradite
(once / 2892 pages)
v
When a government extradites someone, it delivers that person to another country or state, usually to be tried for a crime. Treaties between countries often require them to extradite suspected criminals.
You might hear about a criminal attempting to hide in one country, only to have its government extradite him back to the place where he committed the crime. While individual countries sometimes resist the pressure to extradite suspects, treaties between countries often encourage them to do so. The verb extradite comes from its noun form, extradition, which was likely invented by Voltaire from a combination of the Latin ex, "out," and traditionem, "a delivering up or handing over."
WORD FAMILY
extradite: extradited, extradites, extraditing, extradition +/ extradition: extraditions
USAGE EXAMPLES
The man was arrested in Prince George’s County on Monday and extradited to the District on Thursday.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
He was arrested in Canada in 1976 and eventually extradited to the United States.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Gülen, whom Ankara wants to see extradited from the US, vehemently denies the charges.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 引渡（外国的罪犯）; 获取…的引渡; 送还（逃犯）
时态：extradited, extraditing, extradites
分布：引渡回国(78%)，拿获归案(22%)
→ex-, 向外。-trad, 转让，移交，词源同betray, tradition.
引渡(逃犯等)(extra向外+dite向外给→引渡)[don,dit=give,表示"给予"]
【记】ex出，tradit传－传出国去－引渡
【参】tradition（n 惯例；传统）传下来的传统；extradition（n 根据条约或法令对逃犯等的引渡）
verb transitive
■to make someone return for trial to another country where they have been accused of doing something illegal 引度
• He will be extradited to Britain from France. 他将被从法国引度到英国。

Word: magnitude
Front: magnitude
[ˈmægnɪtju:d] (研六托雅宝 3971/5792 -1)
Vocabulary: magnitude
(once / 637 pages)
n
Earthquakes have great magnitude in that they are powerful. Their power is rated by their level of magnitude, or how much energy they release relative to other earthquakes.
In math, magnitude compares numbers by powers of 10. If your weekly allowance was $10, but your brother's was $100, his allowance would be one order of magnitude higher than yours. If your sister's was $10,000, hers would be three orders of magnitude higher. A difference of that magnitude is just not fair!
WORD FAMILY
magnitude: magnitudes
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I think the magnitude and the opportunity, I think he pressed a little bit,” Del Rio said.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
In September, a 5.8 magnitude earthquake struck Pawnee and caused widespread property damage.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
In late September, one such swarm began in the northern Brawley Seismic Zone, with three measuring above magnitude 4.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 巨大，广大; 重大，重要; 量级; （地震）级数
分布：大小(69%)，重要(26%)，光度(5%)
→magni-,巨大的，-tude,名词后缀。即巨大之物，同时用于地震震级等多种科学术语。
重量(magn大)[-itude表名词"性质,状态等"]
n.大小,数量;巨大,广大Magnify the magnitude of the magnetism.放大磁性的大小.
US [-tu:d] noun uncountable
■the large size or importance of something 巨大；重大，重要性
• They don't seem to grasp the magnitude of the problem. 他们似乎没有领会到问题的重要性。
n. 大小；量级； [地震] 震级；重要；光度
 - dimensions, moment, size, importance

Word: arrow
Front: arrow
[ˈærəʊ] (高研四 4832/4127 -K2)
Vocabulary: arrow
(once / 211 pages)
n
An arrow is a pointed weapon that's shot with a bow. If you enjoy archery, you like to shoot arrows at a target.
A bow consists of a piece of wood, metal, or plastic that has a flexible string connected to each end, and an arrow is the smaller, sharp-ended projectile that's held as the string is stretched back. When the string is released, the arrow flies. The Old English source of arrow is earh, which most likely comes from an Old Norse root.
WORD FAMILY
arrow: arrows
USAGE EXAMPLES
In addition to his football exploits, Kaaya was tapped into Miami's “Iron Arrow” honor society earlier this year.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Amazingly, people move in an orderly fashion as they heed arrows that guide them up and down stairs and along sidewalks.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
“It’s kind of like shooting a bow and arrow. ‘Don’t hit the bullseye right down the middle, hit it six inches to the left.’”
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 矢，箭; 箭状物; 箭头记号; [天]天箭座
分布：箭(70%)，箭头(30%)
→来自arc, 弧，弓。拼写受row影响俗化。
n.箭,矢,箭状物;箭头符号I threw a row of arrows, which narrowly passed the narrow-minded man's eyebrows.我掷了一排箭,箭紧擦心胸狭窄的人的眉毛而过.
US ['er.oʊ] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a weapon that is like a long thin stick with a sharp point at one end and often feathers at the other, shot from a bow (= a long thin piece of wood bent into a curve by a piece of string) 箭；矢
• Robin Hood asked to be buried where his arrow landed. 罗宾汉让人们把他安葬在他的箭落下的位置。
Compare dart
 ADVANCED
■a sign consisting of a straight line with an upside down V shape at one end of it, which points in a particular direction, and is used to show where something is （指示方向的）箭号，箭头
• I followed the arrows to the car park. 我顺着箭头所指方向开到了停车场。

Word: grandson
Front: grandson
[ˈgrænsʌn] (中高四六 6641/6942 -K1)
Back: n. 孙子，外孙
分布：孙子(86%)，外孙(14%)
noun countable
 IMPROVER
■the son of a person's son or daughter 孙子；外孙

Word: precipitate
Front: precipitate
[prɪˈsɪpɪteɪt] (六托雅宝 10236/8706 -1)
Vocabulary: precipitate
(once / 506 pages)
1vadj 2vn
Precipitate usually means "bringing something on" or "making it happen" — and not always in a good way. An unpopular verdict might "precipitate violence" or one false step at the Grand Canyon could precipitate you down into the gorge.
Precipitate, as a verb, can also mean specifically, "to fall from clouds," such as rain, snow, or other forms of precipitation. When used as an adjective, precipitate means "hasty" or "acting suddenly." If you decide to throw your class project in a trash masher just because someone in your class had a similar idea, then your actions might be described as precipitate. Or if you do that sort of thing regularly, you may be a precipitate person.
WORD FAMILY
precipitate: precipitated, precipitately, precipitateness, precipitates, precipitating, precipitation, precipitator+/ precipitation: precipitations/precipitator: precipitators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Thatcher’s departure was partially precipitated by popular resentment over the poll tax, which she championed.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
That is what precipitated this fight over Obama’s decision not to block a U.N. resolution last week criticizing Israeli settlements in the West Bank.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The coup fueled separatist sentiments in the republics and weakened the Kremlin’s power, precipitating the Soviet breakup.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: vt. 下掷，由高处抛下; 使提前或突然发生; [气象] 使凝结而下降; [化]使沉淀
vi. [气象]凝结; [化]沉淀; 倒落，一头栽下
adj. 仓促行进的，匆促的; 轻率的，冲动行事的水蒸气，降水; 突然发生的
n. [化]沉淀物; 结果，产物
时态：precipitated, precipitating, precipitates
分布：沉淀物(40%)，促成(36%)，迅猛的(4%)，猛摔(4%)，使 ... 沉淀(4%)，仓促的(4%)，冷凝物(4%)，感情用事的(4%)
→pre-,在前，-cip,头，词源同cap,captain,-ate,使。即使头在前，一头栽下，后用于气象术语，降水，降雪，引申物理术语沉淀，沉积，积灰，如Electrostatic Precipitator,电除尘器。precipitate 鲁莽的，仓促的
加速;促进;[cap,cipit=head,表示"头"]
【记】pre提前，cip落下，itate－使提前落下－促进
【反】retard（v 延迟；使减速）；dilatory（adj 拖拉的）；deliberate（adj 深思熟虑的；故意的）；forestall（v 阻止）
US [priːˈsɪp.ə.ţɪt] specialized
■a solid substance which is produced from a liquid during a chemical process 沉淀物，析出物质
• After filtration, the precipitate was dried at 90°C. 过滤后沉淀物被加热到90摄氏度进行干燥。
adjective UK [prɪˈsɪp.ɪ.tət] US [priːˈsɪp.ə.ţɪt] (also precipitous) formal
■If an action is precipitate, it is done sooner or faster than expected and without enough thought or preparation 仓促的，贸然的，轻率的
• Don't be precipitate - think it through before you make a decision. 别太仓促——做决定前再好好想想。
n. [化学] 沉淀物
 - deposit, sediment, sludge
vt. [化学] 使沉淀；促成；猛抛；使陷入
 - immerse, catalyse
vi. [化学] 沉淀；猛地落下；冷凝成为雨或雪等
 - deposit, settle
adj. 突如其来的；猛地落下的；急促的
 - rapid

Word: monsoon
Front: monsoon
[ˌmɒnˈsu:n] (雅宝 16516/20876 -1)
Vocabulary: monsoon
(once / 2665 pages)
n
Monsoon is the term for the wind that carries heavy rains to southern Asia, and the rains themselves. During a monsoon, people wait indoors for it to stop.
Although people in other parts of the world sometimes describe heavy rainfall as a monsoon, the real thing only occurs in Asia. Monsoon describes both the rain that drenches India and Southeast Asia in summer and winter, and the wind that carries that rain. The rains are so heavy that they can lead to floods that wash away entire towns.
WORD FAMILY
monsoon: monsoons
USAGE EXAMPLES
He refused to let intermittent monsoons derail his appointed rounds.
Golf Digest(Jan 02, 2017)
More than 70% of the global population live in monsoon areas.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
In it, she told tales of rebel conflicts, the monsoon season and 12-inch spiders.
Economist(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. （印度洋的）季风; 季风雨; 夏季季风
分布：季风(84%)，雨季(16%)
→来自阿拉伯语mawsim,一年的某时间，某季节，来自ma-,指示前缀，wasama,标记，记号。
US [mɑ:n-] noun countable
■the season of heavy rain during the summer in hot Asian countries （炎热的亚洲国家的）季风季节，雨季
• The failure of the monsoon would destroy harvests on which 1000 million people rely. 雨季的雨量不足会毁掉十亿人赖以维生的收成。
n. [气候] 季风；（印度等地的）雨季；季候风
 - rainy season, raining period

Word: jewel
Front: jewel
[ˈdʒu:əl] (高研四六托 6074/6409 -2)
Vocabulary: jewel
(once / 160 pages)
nv
A jewel is a valuable gem or stone, one that might be set in a ring or necklace. Your grandmother might keep her jewels locked in a safe, to protect them from thieves.
You can see large, gorgeous jewels in museums and jewelry stores. The diamond in a diamond ring is a jewel, and the rubies in a pair of sparkly red earrings are also jewels. You can also use the word to mean "person as special as a jewel." The Old French root is jouel, which may stem from jocus, "sport or pastime" in Latin, and "that which causes joy" in Vulgar Latin.
WORD FAMILY
jewel: jeweled, jeweler, jeweling, jewelled, jeweller, jewellery, jewelling, jewelry, jewels+/jeweler: jewelers/jeweller: jewellers/jewellery: jewelleries/ jewelry: jewelries
USAGE EXAMPLES
She sells them shoes and traditional glitzy, long chiffon suits, bedazzled with jewels and embroidery.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Letting him leave would be like selling the crown jewels.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Mosul, the biggest city in Iraq’s north and jewel of the Islamic State’s self-proclaimed caliphate, is sliced in half by the Tigris River.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 宝石，宝石饰物; 受珍视的人[物]; 宝贝，手表的宝石轴承
时态：jewelled, jewelling, jewels
分布：宝石(98%)，受珍视的人或物(2%)
→来自古法语jouel,装饰品，宝石，来自拉丁语jocus,娱乐，欢乐，词源同joke.字面意思即让人欢乐的，让人愉悦的，引申词义珠宝。
n.宝石,宝石饰物My nephew found a few dewdrops on the Jewish jeweler's jewel.侄儿发现犹太珠宝商的珠宝上有几滴露珠.
noun countable
VALUABLE STONE 宝石
 ADVANCED
■a precious stone which is used to decorate valuable objects 宝石
• She was wearing a large gold necklace set with jewels. 她戴着一条很粗的镶有宝石的黄金项炼
■specialized
■a small precious stone or a piece of specially cut glass which is used in the machinery of a watch （钟表内的）宝石轴承，钻
jewels [plural] * jewellery
['dʒu:.əl] noun countable
BEAUTIFUL/IMPORTANT THING 美丽／珍贵的东西
■something that is very beautiful or valuable 宝贝；珍贵的东西
• Many visitors consider the Sistine Chapel to be the jewel of the Vatican. 许多游客认为西斯廷教堂是梵蒂冈的瑰宝。
['dʒu:.əl] noun countable
PERSON 人 old-fashioned
■a very kind or helpful person 好心人；乐于助人的人
['dʒu:.əl] noun countable
the jewel in the crown
■the best or most valuable part of something 王冠上的宝石，最珍贵的部分
jewel, jewellery, stone, gem
这组词都有“宝石”的意思，其区别是：
jewel: 多指贵重的宝石，是经过切削打磨，通常镶嵌在胸针、项链或其它装饰物上的玉。
jewellery: 是珠宝的总称，泛指各类珠宝，既指佩带或衣服的珠宝饰物，又指用普通金属、塑料或假宝石制作的装饰物。
stone: 特别强调稀少罕见或值钱的矿物。
gem: 指经切割、磨光的宝石，引申指珍品、佳作。
n. [宝] 宝石；珠宝
 - gem, gemstone

Word: helmet
Front: helmet
[ˈhelmɪt] (高研四六雅宝 4303/5642 -2)
Back: n. 头盔; 钢盔; 盔形物，盔状物; [植]盔状花冠
vt. 给…戴上头盔
分布：头盔(89%)，安全帽(11%)
→来自kel,隐藏，遮盖，词源同cell,hole,-et,小词后缀。.引申词义保护，头盔。
n.头盔,钢盔Which method of making the metal helmet is more economical in total?生产这种金属头盔的方法哪一种总体上更节约?
【区】hermit（n 隐士）读：何处觅他；
【参】hermetic（adj 密封的；与外界隔绝的）
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a strong hard hat that covers and protects the head 头盔，安全帽
• a crash helmet 防撞头盔
• a cycle helmet 摩托车安全帽
n. [军] 钢盔，头盔
 - armet, burgonet

Word: poke
Front: poke
[pəʊk] (研四六雅宝 4702/6486 -1)
Vocabulary: poke
(once / 419 pages)
1vn 2v 3n 4n 5n
A poke is a jab or a sharp push, usually with something thin or pointed, like a finger, a stick, or even an elbow.
The main idea behind a poke is a prodding action that creates a depression or hole, as when you poke someone in the ribs with your finger. It can also mean a quick, sharp movement, like when a turtle pokes its head out of its shell. Still, the word often has a less-than-pleasant feeling to it, like something not really dangerous but still annoying. We often say a tolerable experience is "better than a poke in the eye with a sharp stick." It can also take on a more figurative meaning — when you "poke your nose into someone else's business," it means that you are intruding in another's private matters.
WORD FAMILY
poke: poked, poker, pokes, pokey, poking, poky +/ poker: pokers/pokey: pokeys/poking: pokings/ poky: pokier, pokies, pokiest, pokily
USAGE EXAMPLES
On the first Wham! album, “Fantastic,” from 1983, they poked around in styles from disco to rap.
The New Yorker(Dec 26, 2016)
He was unashamed, unapologetic and ready to poke fun at himself even as he produced a steady stream of hits.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Kane poked in a rebound in front of the crease with 3:05 left in the second to tie the game at 2.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: vt. 戳，捅; 推; 拨火; 〈美俚〉打，殴
vi. 刺，戳; 刺探，干涉; 伸出; 闲逛
n. 刺，戳; 殴打; 袋子; 懒汉
时态：poked, poking, pokes
分布：戳(39%)，刺(23%)，捅(13%)，伸出(13%)，拨开(5%)，拨(5%)，钱袋(2%)
→词源不确定，可能来自中古德语poken,捅，来自Proto-Germanic*puk,捅，可能为拟声词。
n.刺,戳,懒汉,袋子v.戳,刺,伸出,刺探,闲荡He poked at the frog with a stick.他用棍子戳青蛙.
【记】po破，ke课：如果有老师上破课，大家就用手戳他。
US [poʊk] verb
PUSH 推
transitive
■to push a finger or other pointed object quickly into someone or something 戳，刺，捅
• You'll poke someone in the eye with that umbrella if you're not careful! 你不小心的话伞尖会戳到别人眼睛的！
• Two kids were poking a stick into the drain. 两个孩子正在把一根棍子插到排水管里面去。
UK [pəʊk] US [poʊk] verb
APPEAR 出现
intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep]
■to (cause something to) appear or stretch out from behind or through something else （使）伸出来，（使）探出来
• Cathy poked her head round the door to say hello. 凯茜从门后探出头来打招呼。
• The first green shoots are poking up/through the soil. 第一批绿芽破土而出。
UK [pəʊk] US [poʊk] verb
poke fun at sb
■to make someone seem stupid by making jokes about them or laughing unkindly at them 取笑（某人），奚落（某人）
UK [pəʊk] US [poʊk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  poke around (UK also poke about) informal
■to search for something by moving things about, usually not in a very careful or organized way 搜索；翻找
• I was poking about in the drawer, looking for the key, when I found this! 我在抽屉里翻来翻去找锁匙，就在这时找到了这个！
UK [pəʊk] US [poʊk] noun countable
■when you poke someone or something 戳，刺，捅
• She gave me a poke in the stomach. 她戳了戳我的肚子。
vi. 刺，捅；戳；伸出；刺探；闲荡
 - moon, run through
vt. 刺，捅；戳；拨开
 - stick, pink
n. 戳；刺；袋子；懒汉
 - soldier, spine

Word: plumb
Front: plumb
[plʌm] (托雅宝 19115/20239 -1)
Vocabulary: plumb
(once / 1369 pages)
1adjnadvv 2v 3adv
To plumb a body of water, you measure its depth. To plumb a house, you connect all of its pipes. To make carpentry plumb, you get it exactly vertical.
Originally, the verb plumb only meant “to measure the depth of water.” These days, if you “plumb the depths” of something, you go in deep for knowledge and experience: your Heidegger seminar may plumb the depths of German Existentialism like Jacques Cousteau plumbed the depths of the ocean.
WORD FAMILY
plumb: plumbable, plumbed, plumbing, plumbly, plumbs+/plumbed: unplumbed/ plumbing: plumbings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The author shows great insight plumbing Karen’s constant need for approval.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Dak Prescott isn't a wheelbarrow full of rusty plumbing supplies.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
After completing the Green City Force training, Ms. Williams began a six-month plumbing training program.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 使垂直; 用测铅测; 探索
adj. 垂直的
adv. 恰恰，正; 垂直地
vi. 做管道工
n. 铅锤，测锤
时态：plumbed, plumbing, plumbs
分布：垂直的(30%)，探测(20%)，铅锤(20%)，恰恰(16%)，垂直(14%)
→来自拉丁语plumbum,铅，铅球，可能借自希腊语molybdos,铅，词源同molybdenum.后用于 指测量垂直度的铅球，铅锤，引申词义探索，钻研，以及副词词义恰好，正好等。
铅锤[plumb=lead,表示"铅"]
【记】源于plumb的铅锤的意义
【参】plumber（n 铅水管工人）；plumbing（n 铅工业；铅管品制造）
【反】horizontal（adj 水平的）；examine superficially（肤浅地检查）；『examine curiously好奇地查看』
verb transitive
WATER 水
■to supply a building or a device with water pipes, or to connect a building or a device to a water pipe 给…装水管
• We've discovered that our house isn't plumbed properly. 我们发现我们房子里的水管安装得有问题。
• I think we can plumb the new bath into the existing pipes. 我想我们可以把新浴缸接到现有的水管上。
• Have you plumbed the dishwasher in yet? 你给洗碗机接上水管了吗？
[plʌm] verb transitive
DEEP 深 specialized
■to measure how deep something is, especially water 测（尤指水）的深度
■to understand or discover all about something 探索，探究
• Now that she had begun, she wanted to plumb her own childhood further. 既然已经开始了，她就想深入发掘一番自己童年的故事。
[plʌm] verb transitive
plumb the depths
■to reach the lowest point 跌入最低点，陷入谷底
• Roy plumbed the depths of despair when his wife left him. 妻子离开他之后，罗伊陷入了绝望的深渊。
• humorous They must be really plumbing the depths (= must have been unable to find anyone better) if they're offering the job to her. 如果他们要把这个工作机会给她，这就说明他们实在是没有更好的人选了。
[plʌm] adverb
EXACTLY 恰恰 informal
■exactly 正好，恰恰
• The hotel is plumb in the middle of the town. 那家旅馆就在城镇中心。
• He hit me plumb on the nose. 他正好打在我的鼻子上。
[plʌm] adverb
COMPLETELY 完全地 US informal
■completely 完全，彻底
• I plumb forgot your birthday. 我把你的生日忘得一干二净。
[plʌm] adjective [after verb] specialized
■exactly straight, usually describing a vertical surface or line 垂直的
• When you hang a door, you need to make sure that it is both level and plumb. 装门的时候，必须保证门是横平竖直的。
out of plumb
■not straight vertically 不垂直，倾斜
• The external wall is out of plumb by half a metre. 外墙偏斜了0.5公尺。
upright, vertical, erect, perpendicular, plumb
这组词都有“垂直的、竖式的”的意思，其区别是：
upright: 普通用词，指竖立、笔直而不是倾斜、倒塌的。
vertical: 指与平面、水平线或基线成直角或几乎成直角向上延伸至顶点的物体。也可指呈直线上升或下降的。
erect: 指笔直挺拔，而非倾斜、佝偻、弯曲或倒塌的。
perpendicular: 指与水平线形成90度的线或面，或朝垂直方面延伸的，尤指向下的急剧运动。
plumb: 建筑上用词，凭锤球评判某物是否完全垂直。
vt. [数] 使垂直；探测，探索
 - detect, explore
n. [数] 垂直； [测] 铅锤
 - verticalness, perpendicularity
adv. 恰恰，正； [数] 垂直地
 - precisely, due
adj. [数] 垂直的
 - vertical, perpendicular

Word: powerhouse
Front: powerhouse
[ˈpaʊəhaʊs] (10993/21042 -1)
Back: n. 强大的集团[组织]; 精力充沛的人，身强力壮的人; 动力室
分布：发电站(49%)，动力室(29%)，精力旺盛的人(22%)
→比喻用法。
US ['paʊr-] noun countable usually singular
■a country, organization or person with a lot of influence, power or energy 强国；权势集团；显贵；身强体壮的人；精力充沛的人
• Germany is an economic powerhouse. 德国是经济强国。
• The university is no longer the academic powerhouse that it once was. 这所大学今非昔比，已不再是学术重镇了。
• She's a powerhouse of original ideas and solutions. 她总有许多独到的见解和具有创意的点子。

Word: protagonist
Front: protagonist
[prəˈtægənɪst] (托宝 7533/11723 -1)
Vocabulary: protagonist
(once / 4605 pages)
n
A protagonist is the central character in a story: the protagonist of Huckleberry Finn is — guess who? — Huckleberry Finn.
A novel, movie, or play might have many main characters, but it can really only have one protagonist — or maybe two in the case of, say, Romeo and Juliet. That's because protos means "first" in Greek, and agonistes means "competitor" or "actor." It can also mean a leading figure in a real-life situation: "Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis were the protagonists of the U.S. Civil War." Don't use it to mean "a supporter of an idea or cause"; the word you're looking for in that situation is proponent.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
hero / protagonist
A hero is the firefighter who pulls you out of a burning car. The protagonist is the main character in the story you write about it.
A hero saves the day. Like a protagonist, a hero can be the main character, but it has to be the good guy. A hero is inspiring; just ask David Bowie or the B-52s. A heroine is the female version, but the language is changing to allow a woman to be a hero, too, as in this example:
She is the latest Star Wars hero and a hit with old and new generations of fans. (The Guardian)
Here's another example of hero:
She called him a hero and that if not for him, the 30 people inside the consulate would not have made it out. ( Washington Post)
A protagonist is the main character in a drama. Unlike a hero, a protagonist does not always do the right thing. A protagonist isn't any ol' character — you wouldn't have tenprotagonists, just one. A protagonist can also be the main character in a real life event. Examples:
We are all the protagonists of our own story, aren't we? (Time)
It's so gratifying that eight of the films on my list, many of which were mainstream hits, feature a woman or girl as the protagonist. (Slate)
The difference is in their Greek roots — the word hero meant "demigod" and a protagonist meant the first person to address the chorus in a Greek drama, also known as the main character.
WORD FAMILY
protagonist: protagonists+/protagonism: protagonist
USAGE EXAMPLES
Like the protagonists of those shows, the main character shares his name and the show mirrors, somewhat, his own life.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
The protagonist of this week’s story, “On the Street Where You Live,” is a woman named Becky.
The New Yorker(Jan 02, 2017)
But both the show’s protagonist and the world she inhabits are underdeveloped.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. （戏剧的）主角; （故事的）主人公; 现实事件（尤指冲突和争端的）主要参与者; 领导者
分布：主角(94%)，支持者(6%)
→prota-,第一的，-agon,做，表演，词源同act,agent.
noun countable
SUPPORTER 支持者
■an important supporter of an idea or political system （某一想法或政治制度的）主要支持者，主要拥护者
• Key protagonists of the revolution were hunted down and executed. 这次革命的主要发起人被捕并被处决。
Compare antagonist
[prə'tæg.ən.ɪst] noun countable
CHARACTER 角色 formal
■one of the main characters in a story or a play （故事或戏剧中的）主要人物，主角
n. 主角，主演；主要人物，领导者
 - leader, Moses

Word: deadlock
Front: deadlock
[ˈdedlɒk] (雅宝 17906/12283 -1)
Vocabulary: deadlock
(once / 4002 pages)
n
Use the noun deadlock to describe a standstill, as when two people or sides cannot move beyond a disagreement.
Deadlock can also mean a game that results in an unbreakable tie or a stalemate, like when you are in a five-hour thumb-wrestling match with no winner. You can easily remember the meaning of this compound word, by thinking about its two word parts — dead + lock. The first appearance of deadlock was in The Critic, a play by Richard Brinsley Sheridan: “I have them all at a deadlock, for every one of them is afraid to let go first.”
WORD FAMILY
deadlock: deadlocks
USAGE EXAMPLES
Despite the setback, City’s French defender Gael Clichy broke the deadlock with a well-placed shot into the far corner in the 58th minute.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The goal broke the deadlock as Arsenal moved into the top three with a comfortable home win.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
The deadlock was broken in the 41st minute and sparked a short spell of footballing fancy dress.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 僵局; 停顿，停滞; 没有弹簧的锁
vt. 停顿; 相持不下
vi. 成僵局
分布：僵局(89%)，停顿(9%)，相持不下(2%)
【记】dead死，lock锁－局势锁死了－僵局
US [-lɑ:k] noun [S or U]
■a situation in which agreement in an argument cannot be reached because neither side will change its demands or accept any of the demands of the other side; stalemate 僵局，僵持；死结
• Somebody will have to compromise if we are to break (= end) the deadlock between the two warring factions. 如果我们想打破交战双方之间的僵局，就必须有人作出妥协。
• Once again the talks have ended in deadlock. 谈判再次以僵局告终。
• Deadlock over wage levels has prevented an agreement being reached. 在工资水准问题上的僵持不下，阻碍达成协议。
n. 僵局，停顿
 - impasse, logjam
vi. [计] 死锁；停顿
 - bog down
vt. 停顿；相持不下
 - bog down

Word: relocate
Front: relocate
[ˌri:ləʊˈkeɪt] (6928/10256 -1)
Vocabulary: relocate
(once / 3552 pages)
v
When you relocate, you move to a new location and settle into a new place. If you live in New York City but you get a job in Phoenix, you'll have to relocate to Arizona to start your new career.
The word relocate came into English in the 1800s from re, meaning "back, again," and locate, meaning "to settle." Relocate refers not only to moving to a new place but also to establishing yourself there. It typically involves finding a new place to live, making new friends, finding your way around your new town or city — even getting cable TV installed. For some people, this can be an exciting adventure; for others, it's a daunting challenge of to-do lists.
WORD FAMILY
relocate: relocated, relocates, relocating, relocation +/bilocation: bilocations/ dislocate: dislocated, dislocates, dislocating, dislocation/dislocation: dislocations/ locate: dislocate, located, locater, locates, locating, location, locator, relocate /located: unlocated/locater: locaters/ location: bilocation, locations/locator: locators/ relocation: relocations
USAGE EXAMPLES
The next year, they encouraged friends Rusty Wilson and Denise Simone to relocate their theater company to Idaho to perform on the Liberty’s thrust stage.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Villages would vanish and whole cities relocated to their rooftops.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
“Companies which find London too expensive will relocate to Edinburgh.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 迁移; 重新安置
时态：relocated, relocating, relocates
分布：再配置(34%)，放在新地方(33%)，重新装置(33%)
→re-,再，重新，locate,定位，定居。
重新定位(re重新+locate)[loc=place,表示"地方"]
US [-'loʊ.keɪt] verb intransitive or transitive
■to (cause a person or company to) move to a new place （使）搬迁；（使）迁移；重新安置
• The company has relocated to Liverpool. 这间公司迁到了利物浦。
• My company relocated me to Paris. 公司把我调到了巴黎。
relocate, locate
relocate: vt 重新安置，改放；
locate: vt 确定……的位置，在，位于（用被动语态）
vt. 重新安置；迁移
 - remove, to migrate

Word: resonate
Front: resonate
[ˈrezəneɪt] (7855/21464 -1)
Vocabulary: resonate
(once / 6065 pages)
v
To resonate is to make, hear, or even understand a deep, full sound. Your speech about the dangers of scarves and convertibles will resonate with your audience if you tell the story of Isadora Duncan's death.
The verb resonate, which comes from the Latin resonatum, first referred only to sound, but has now developed an emotional connotation. Resonate sounds a whole lot like another verb, resound, but they have subtly different meanings. Resound means “to repeat the sound,” but resonate means “to expand, amplify.” Sound can resonate when broadcast through speakers, and so can an idea or feeling, when expressed articulately or with passion.
WORD FAMILY
resonate: resonated, resonates, resonating, resonator+/resonator: resonators
USAGE EXAMPLES
"We built our case upon arguments that will resonate in the Supreme Court."
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
But Jacobs also thought of something else, something that should resonate across a town whose sports seasons are measured by scabs and scars.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Fry’s film is a sly satire that still resonates today.
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: vi. 共鸣或共振; 回响
时态：resonated, resonating, resonates
分布：共鸣(71%)，共振(29%)
→re-,向后，往回，-son,声音，词源同 sound,sonorous.即回声，引申词义共鸣，回响。
verb intransitive
MAKE SOUND 发出共鸣
■to produce, increase or fill with sound, by vibrating (= shaking) objects which are near 发出回响；发出共鸣；回荡
• His voice resonated in the empty church. 他的声音在空荡荡的教堂中回荡。
• The noise of the bell resonated through the building. 铃声在大楼里回荡。
Compare resound
['rez.ən.eɪt] verb intransitive
HAVE QUALITY/EFFECT 某种特质
■to be filled with a particular quality 充满，弥漫（某种特质）
• The building resonates with historic significance. 这座房子一砖一瓦都富有历史意义。
■to continue to have a powerful effect or value 流传；产生深远影响；继续发挥重要性
• The significance of those great stories resonates down the centuries. 这些著名故事的深远意义将世代流传。
■If an experience or memory resonates, it makes you think of another similar one 使产生联想；引起共鸣
• Her experiences resonate powerfully with me, living, as I do, in a similar family situation. 她的家庭生活环境和我相似，所以她的经历在我心中引起强烈共鸣。
vi. 共鸣；共振
 - sympathise

Word: disk
Front: disk
[dɪsk] (四六 3761/2518 -K1)
Vocabulary: disk
(once / 821 pages)
nv
A disk is a round, flat circle. The face of the clock on your kitchen wall is a disk.
Disk, also spelled disc, refers to anything with a circular flat shape, like a Frisbee, a penny, or a dinner plate. In computing, a disk is a device that stores data, and in the audio/video world, a disk can be a musical compact disk, or a DVD, a digital video disk. A disk jockey is someone who plays music, either on LPs or CDs, on the radio. The Greek root, diskos, means "platter."
WORD FAMILY
disk: disked, diskette, disking, disklike, disks+/diskette: diskettes
USAGE EXAMPLES
Q. I keep a ton of stuff in my Dropbox account, which is fine for my desktop computer with its spacious hard disk.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
When is the last time you saw a floppy disk?
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Winter squash such as butternut are great when cut into chunks or disks, rolled in olive oil and roasted.
Washington Post(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. 磁盘; 唱片; 圆盘; 光盘
v. 把…录成唱片; 使成圆盘状; 用圆盘耕地
分布：磁盘(90%)，圆盘(5%)，唱片(3%)，花盘(1%)，盘形物(1%)
→来自拉丁语discus, 圆盘，词源同disc, dish. 用于指电脑磁盘。
(UK also disc) [dɪsk] noun countable
 ESSENTIAL
■a flat circular device, usually inside a square container, which has a magnetic covering and is used for storing computer information （电脑）磁碟，光盘，光碟
⇒ See also floppy (disk);hard disk
n. [计] 磁盘，磁碟片；圆盘，盘状物； [电子] 唱片
 - magneticdisc, circular disc

Word: functional
Front: functional
[ˈfʌŋkʃənl] (托宝 4233/3563 -1)
Vocabulary: functional
(once / 2240 pages)
adj
Use the adjective functional to describe something that is made to do a specific job, such as the functional alarm clock feature on a digital stopwatch.
The word functional comes from the Latin word functionem, meaning "performance, execution." It can also describe whether something is working properly. This is what shoppers at a garage sale want to be sure of before they leave with an old television — they plug it in to make sure it's functional. In this case the opposite of functional is useless.
WORD FAMILY
functional: functionalism, functionality, functionally, nonfunctional, unfunctional+/ function: disfunction, functional, functionary, functioned, functioning, functions, misfunction/functionalism: functionalist/functionalist: functionalists/functionality: functionalities/ functionary: functionaries/ functioning: functionings/misfunction: misfunctioned, misfunctioning
USAGE EXAMPLES
This is a functional surfboard; I don’t just sit on the beach.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The smallest functional entity of muscle is called a motor unit, which consists of a neuron and the muscle fibers it activates.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
As such, there are only scant, functional references to Christmas in The Return of Doctor Mysterio.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 功能的; [数]函数的; 有多种用途的; 机能性
分布：功能的(62%)，实用的(29%)，起作用的(9%)
adjective
USEFUL 实用的
■designed to be practical and useful rather than attractive 为实用而设计的，实用的
• functional clothing 很实用的服装
['fʌŋk.ʃən.əl] adjective
WORKING NORMALLY 正常工作的
■(of a machine, system, etc.) working in the usual way （机器、系统等）正常工作的
• Is the central heating functional yet? 中央暖气系统工作正常吗？
■performing a particular operation 功能性的
• a functional disorder (= when an organ does not work as it should) 功能紊乱

Word: motivation
Front: motivation
[ˌməʊtɪ'veɪʃn] (高托雅 3126/3870 -2)
Vocabulary: motivation
(once / 2600 pages)
n
People often need motivation to do tasks they'd prefer not to do. Do you work? Your motivation is your paycheck. Lost something? Finding it may provide motivation to tidy the house.
At the root of the word motivation is the word motive, which is similarly defined as the reason for a particular action. Although the words are synonyms, when it comes to criminal behavior, people generally ask about the motives leading to the criminal acts, not the motivation behind them. Other synonyms for motivation include inspiration and enthusiasm, so people tend to associate motivation with positive acts.
WORD FAMILY
motivation: motivational, motivations+/ motivate: motivated, motivates, motivating, motivation, motivator/ motivated: unmotivated / motivational: motivationally/motivator: motivators/ motive: motivate, motiveless, motively, motives, motivity/motiveless: motivelessly
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the days leading up to the game, Watson said returning to the title game was “a big motivation.”
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
“I use my parents and siblings as my motivation,” he said.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
It’s not where either team thought it would be but the Tigers and Cardinals say there is plenty of motivation to finish the season strong.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 动机; 动力; 诱因
分布：动机(56%)，动力(35%)，积极性(6%)，刺激(3%)
US [ˌmoʊ.tˌɪ-] noun
ENTHUSIASM 热情
uncountable
■enthusiasm for doing something 积极性；干劲
• He's a bright enough student - he just lacks motivation. 他是个很聪明的学生，只是不够积极。
• There seems to be a lack of motivation among the staff. 员工似乎都缺乏干劲。
UK [ˌməʊ.tɪ'veɪ.ʃən] US [ˌmoʊ.tˌɪ-] noun
REASON 动机
countable
■the need or reason for doing something 动机，诱因
• What was the motivation for the attack? 这次袭击的动机是甚么？
• The motivation behind the decision is the desire to improve our service to our customers. 我们作出这项决定，目的在于改善我们的顾客服务。
n. 动机；积极性；推动
 - incentive, reason, boost

Word: subside
Front: subside
[səbˈsaɪd] (托雅宝 8793/8751 -1)
Vocabulary: subside
(once / 551 pages)
v
To subside is to die down or become less violent, like rough ocean waves after a storm has passed (or your seasickness, if you happened to be sailing on that ocean).
Subside comes from the Latin prefix sub- (meaning "down") and the Latin verb sidere (meaning "to settle"). Subside is often used when a negative situation has improved significantly. For example, violence, disease, and unemployment can all subside. Here's hoping that they do.
WORD FAMILY
subside: subsided, subsidence, subsides, subsiding+/subsidence: subsidences/subsiding: subsidings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Gariev said that as he and his allies turned their attention away from domestic politics, raids by the police also subsided.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
The debate between liberalism and republicanism, especially active in the 1970s, eventually subsided.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The final section was dominated by long sustained chords that would crescendo and then subside into almost inaudible calm.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vi. 减弱，平息; （洪水）退去，（热度）消退; 沉下去; 坐下
时态：subsided, subsiding, subsides
分布：平息(72%)，下陷(20%)，沉没(8%)
→sub-,在下，向下，-sid,坐，词源同 sit,sedentary.即坐下去的，引申比喻义沉降，下陷等。
下陷;平息(sub+terr地＋anean→地下的)[sub-①表示"在下面,次一等,副手"②表示"接近,靠近"]
沉淀;平息(sub下+side→坐下去→沉淀)[Sid=sit,表示"坐"]
【记】sub下面，side坐－坐下去－下陷
【反】promote（v 促进）；withhold pressure（不给压力）
verb intransitive
LESS STRONG 较弱
■If a condition subsides, it becomes less strong or extreme （状况）趋于平缓，平息
• The police are hoping that the violence will soon subside. 警方希望暴力事件会很快平息。
• As the pain in my foot subsided, I was able to walk the short distance to the car. 我的脚没那么痛了，我能够勉强走一小段路，走到车旁。
[səb'saɪd] verb intransitive
LOWER LEVEL 下沉
■If a building, land or water subsides, it goes down to a lower level （建筑物、地面或水面）下沉，下陷，沉降
• There is a danger that many homes will subside because of the drought. 由于干旱，很多房子面临下陷的危险。
• Eventually the flood waters began to subside. 洪水终于开始消退了。
vi. 平息；减弱；沉淀；坐下
 - fall, settle, lower, cool, deposit

Word: academia
Front: academia
[ˌækəˈdi:miə] (11277/21484)
Vocabulary: academia
(once / 12655 pages)
n
The world of colleges and universities is academia. Academia is the academic world.
If you like school, then you might enjoy academia, which is also known as academe. People in academia include students — college and university students, specifically. Then there are the professors, who teach the students. That's not all professors do; they also research various subjects. Producing research is one of the major goals of academia. If you like thinking and learning and studying, academia could be the place for you.
WORD FAMILY
academia: academias+/ academic: academia, academically, academician, academicism, academics/academician: academicians, academicianship/academicianship: academicianships/ academy: academic, academies, academism
USAGE EXAMPLES
I poured lots of time and money into getting a PhD, in hopes that academia might scratch that itch.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
You’ve worked in academia, finance, advertising, tech, activism and journalism.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Even within the halls of respectable academia, the difference between legitimate and fake publications and conferences is far blurrier than scholars would like to admit.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 学术界，学术环境
分布：名词(100%)
noun uncountable
■the part of society, especially universities, that is connected with studying and thinking, or the activity or job of studying （尤指大学）学术界；学术活动；学术工作
• A graduate of law and economics from Moscow State University, he had spent his life in academia. 他毕业于莫斯科国立大学，修读法律和经济，毕生都倾注在学术研究上。
n. 学术界；学术生涯
 - academic circles, academic world

Word: relic
Front: relic
[ˈrelɪk] (托宝 8394/7657 -1)
Vocabulary: relic
(once / 490 pages)
n
A relic is a fragment from the past — one of Elvis's guitars, an ancient piece of pottery or even an outmoded way of thinking -– that remains behind. Your dad might love his old albums, but to you, they're just relics.
The noun relic is derived from relinquere, Latin for "to leave behind." A crumbling Roman wall is a relic of a once-great civilization. The superstition that seven years of bad luck will follow if you break a mirror may be a relic of the old superstition that a mirror can trap the souls of those reflected in it. Whether it's an object or an idea, a relic is a remnant of the past. Religious relics are items, such as Buddha’s tooth or St. Anne’s wrist bone, that have been preserved and venerated.
WORD FAMILY
relic: relics
USAGE EXAMPLES
She thought it a relic, scrapped after it was depicted as an instrument of torture in the 1975 movie “One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest.”
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Looking at the volume, a children’s librarian said, “Oh, wow, this looks like, from a long time ago. .This is, like, a relic.”
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Family cemeteries, a relic of another age, continue to bind relatives in ways that today’s wealthy might wish for.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 遗物，遗迹; 废墟; 纪念物; [古生物]残遗体
分布：遗迹(72%)，纪念物(24%)，神圣的遗物(4%)
→来自古法语 relique,遗留物，来自拉丁语 reliquiae(-e,复数)，来自 relinquere,留下，留给，来 自 re-,向后，往回，linquere,留下，留给，词源同 delinquency,relinquish.引申诸相关词义。
noun countable
■an object, tradition or system from the past which continues to exist 遗物；遗迹；遗风；遗俗
• During the dig, the archeological team found some relics from the Stone Age. 在发掘过程中，考古队发现了一些石器时代的遗迹。
• The country's employment system is a relic of the 1960s when jobs were scarce. 这个国家的就业体制是20世纪60年代遗留的产物，那时工作机会非常稀少。
■a part of the body or something that belonged to a holy person 圣骨；圣物；圣徒遗物
• These bones are the relics of a 12th-century saint. 这些骸骨是一个生活在12世纪的圣徒的圣骨。
n. 遗迹，遗物；废墟；纪念物
 - remain, vestage

Word: baptist

Word: butcher
Front: butcher
[ˈbʊtʃə(r)] (高研四六雅 8421/8559 -1)
Vocabulary: butcher
(once / 470 pages)
1nv 2n 3n
The person whose job it is to cut up and sell meat is called a butcher. Your grandmother might go to the butcher once a week to buy pork chops.
A butcher is an expert at preparing cuts of meat and poultry in a butcher shop or the meat section of a supermarket. You can also call a person whose job is slaughtering farm animals a butcher. Because this is a fairly bloody, gory occupation, the word is also used to mean a cruel, ruthless murderer. It comes from the Old French bochier, "butcher," or literally, "slaughterer of goats," from bouc, "male goat."
WORD FAMILY
butcher: butchered, butchering, butcherly, butchers, butchery+/butchering: butcherings/butchery: butcheries
USAGE EXAMPLES
Any product with more than 8 percent foreign meat must say where the animal was born, raised and butchered.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The German butcher at 86th and Second Avenue complained that pickle jars were falling off the shelves from the vibrations of the construction.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Once a butchers’ headquarters,the building is now home to bars and a few artisan shops.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 屠夫，屠户; 屠杀者，刽子手; 残酷的人; 肉铺
vt. 屠宰; 屠杀; 弄砸，弄糟; 把…处死刑
时态：butchered, butchering, butchers
分布：屠夫(66%)，屠宰(14%)，肉商(9%)，刽子手(6%)，小贩(2%)，滥杀(2%)，将某事弄得一团糟(1%)
→来自buck, 雄鹿, 公羊。插入字母t. 卖羊肉的人。
n.屠夫,卖肉者The wretched butcher clutched the needle and stitched it clumsily.可怜的屠夫抓针并且笨拙缝它.
【记】读：不齿。令人不齿的人－刽子手
US [-ɚ] noun countable
WORK 工作
 ADVANCED
■a person who sells meat in a shop 肉商，肉贩
 ADVANCED (UK also butcher's)
■a shop where butchers work 肉店，肉铺
UK ['bʊtʃ.ər] US [-ɚ] noun countable
MURDER 谋杀
■someone who murders a lot of people, especially in a cruel way 杀人魔王
UK ['bʊtʃ.ər] US [-ɚ] noun countable
have a butcher's UK old-fashioned slang
■to look at something 看一看
• Let's have a butcher's at your present, then. 那么，让我们看一看你的礼物。
UK ['bʊtʃ.ər] US [-ɚ] verb transitive
■to cut an animal into pieces of meat 屠宰，宰杀
■to kill someone in a very violent way 屠杀，杀戮
vt. 屠杀
 - put to the sword, shed blood
n. 屠夫
 - slaughterer, flesher

Word: perennial
Front: perennial
[pəˈreniəl] (托雅宝 8869/11757 -2)
Vocabulary: perennial
(once / 1411 pages)
adjn
Perennial typically describes things that are permanent, constant, or repeated. If you fight with your parents every year over whether they really must invite your annoying cousins for Thanksgiving, you could call that a perennial conflict.
Arguing with your roommate about who cleaned the bathroom last time might be a perennial argument. There is also a perennial plant, which lasts more than two years and usually reappears each spring, because it produces flowers and seeds from the same root structure. Perennial comes from the Latin perennis, from the prefix per-, "through," plus annus, or "year." Annus is also the source of our English word annual — an annual plant lives only one year or season.
WORD FAMILY
perennial: perennially, perennials
USAGE EXAMPLES
You’re officially on to the second phase, which is about refining the roster and looking like a true perennial division title contender.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
One of the perennial questions for rock fans is which is the most important year in its history?
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
The perennial national title contender from Durham, N.C., is 12-1 as it enters its Atlantic Coast Conference opener at Virginia Tech on Saturday.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 终年的，长久的; 多年生的; 不断生长的; 四季不断的
n. 多年生植物; 长期存在的
分布：多年生植物(56%)，多年生的(35%)，永久的(6%)，反复出现的(3%)
→per-,整个的，-enn,年，词源同annual.原义为终年的，终年不凋的，后引申词义多年的，长久的。
全年的(per+ennial年→全年的)[per-①表示"贯穿,自始至终"②表示"假,坏"]
终年的;长期的(per始终＋ennial年的→终年的)[ann,enn=year,表示"年,一年"]
【记】per所有，enn年，ial－一年中的所有的－永久的pe破，ren人，nial：小人活千年，破人活万年－永久的
【反】fleeting（adj 飞逝的；短暂的）
adjective
■lasting a very long time, or happening repeatedly or all the time 长期存在的；常年的；不断发生的；反覆的
• The film 'White Christmas' is a perennial favourite. 《白色圣诞》是一部经久不衰、深受欢迎的影片。
• We face the perennial problem of not having enough money. 我们长期面临资金不足的问题。
Compare annual ; biennial
[pə'ren.i.əl] noun countable
■a plant that lives for several years 多年生植物
• Roses and geraniums are perennials, flowering year after year. 玫瑰和天竺葵是多年生植物，年复一年地开花。
Compare annual
adj. [植] 多年生的；常年的；四季不断的；常在的；反复的
 - repeated, iterative

Word: impede
Front: impede
[ɪmˈpi:d] (托雅宝 8791/9652 -1)
Vocabulary: impede
(once / 644 pages)
v
To impede something is to delay or block its progress or movement. Carrying six heavy bags will impede your progress if you're trying to walk across town.
Impede comes from the Latin impedire which literally means "to hold the feet," formed from the prefix in- "in" plus pes "foot." Think about walking with a cast on your foot––how slow and awkward that would be. If you have a hard time reading, that will impeded your progress in math. An impediment is something that impedes, such as a physical defect that affects speech––a speech impediment.
WORD FAMILY
impede: impeded, impedes, impediment, impeding+/impeded: unimpeded/ impediment: impediments/unimpeded: unimpededly
USAGE EXAMPLES
“We will not allow any nation to dominate this industry and impede innovation through unfair trade practices and massive, non-market-based state intervention.”
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
U.S. companies are preparing to invest again after years on the sidelines, and rising interest rates are unlikely to impede them.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
It was that the measure would impede rather than advance Israeli-Palestinian peace — and he was right.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. 阻碍; 妨碍; 阻止
时态：impeded, impeding, impedes
分布：妨碍(66%)，阻止(34%)
→im-,进入，使，-ped,脚，词源同foot,biped.引申词义限制脚的行动，锁上脚链，阻碍。
妨碍,阻碍(im进入+pede→把脚放进去→妨碍)[ped=foot,表示"脚"]
【记】im进入，ped脚，e－把脚放入绊倒小偷－妨碍
【参】centipede（n 蜈蚣）；podiatry（n 脚病学）；impediment[SAT]（n 妨碍；口吃）＝obstacle
【反】assist（v 援助；帮助）；abet（vt 教唆；支持）；facilitate（v 使容易；使便利）；nurture（vt 养育；教养）encumber（v 阻碍）－remove impediment（除去阻碍）cultivate（vt 培养；耕作）－impede『不选decline』因为decline作为vt 是拒绝的意思。promote（vt 促进）；foment（vt 煽动）；abet（vt 教唆；煽动）
[ɪm'pi:d] formal
verb transitive
■to slow down or cause problems for the achievement or finishing of something 妨碍，阻碍；阻止
• Although he's shy, it certainly hasn't impeded his career in any way. 尽管他很害羞，但这显然一点也没有妨碍他的事业。
vt. 阻碍；妨碍；阻止
 - dispute, let, stem, slow

Word: parish
Front: parish
[ˈpærɪʃ] (4571/1963 -2)
Vocabulary: parish
(once / 232 pages)
n
A parish is a local church community that has one main church and one pastor. Parish members do more than just attend church. They organize community activities, social events, and — very important — coffee and donuts on Sunday mornings.
A parish is technically a piece of land. It’s a section of a diocese that has the right number of churchgoers to have its own church. But when you refer to a parish, you’re usually talking about more than the space itself. You're describing the people who attend the church, as well as the church property. So if someone says, "Our parish is thriving," it means there's a full congregation and enough funds to maintain the church in good condition.
WORD FAMILY
parish: parishes
USAGE EXAMPLES
In Louisiana, there was also relatively serious damage in the southwestern parishes of Beauregard and Allen, including the town of Reeves.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
They also include a letter from Mrs Thatcher to Saddam Hussein, asking for clemency for British nurse Daphne Parish, who was accused of spying.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
In the Gulf of Mexico town of Cameron Parish, La., Greg Michaels plans to build an export terminal to ship U.S. natural gas to China.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 教区以下的地方行政区; （英国）郡以下的行政区
分布：教区(93%)，教区的全体居民(4%)，地方行政区(3%)
→来自古法语paroisse,来自拉丁语parochia,来自希腊语paroikia,堂区，教区，来自para-,在旁，在周围，oikos,家，屋子，词源同economy,ecology,diocese.引申词义乡村行政小区。拼写通俗化。
US ['per-] noun countable
■(in some Christian groups) an area cared for by one priest and which has its own church, or (in England) the smallest unit of local government （某些基督教会中主教管区下有自己教堂的）教区；行政教区（英格兰的基层行政单位）
• the parish church/magazine/priest/register 教区教堂／杂志／神父／登记簿
⇒ See also parochial

Word: accidental
Front: accidental
[ˌæksɪˈdentl] (研四六托 7485/6917 -K2)
Vocabulary: accidental
(once / 404 pages)
1adj 2n
Anything accidental happens by chance or unintentionally. People don't mean to do accidental things.
An accident is something unforeseen that no one wanted to happen, like a car accident or getting hit by lightning. You can describe anything like that as accidental. Bumping into a stranger could be accidental. Forgetting to pay a bill is accidental. This word covers all the things that no one really meant or planned to happen. There are a lot of accidental events in the world, which is one reason insurance exists.
WORD FAMILY
accidental: accidentally, accidentals+/ accident: accidental, accidents
USAGE EXAMPLES
A police investigation confirmed it was an accidental, self-inflicted gunshot wound.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
In short, Mr. Snowden’s arrival in Moscow was neither accidental nor the work of the U.S. government.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
Department of Information Technology Commissioner Denis Goulet said Thursday it appears the data was accessible to the patient through an accidental computer configuration.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 意外的，偶然（发生）的; 附属的
n. 偶然; 次要方面
分布：偶然(53%)，偶然的(26%)，意外的(17%)，附属的(3%)，不重要的东西(1%)
偶然的(accident事故＋al)[cad,cas,cid=fall,表示"落下,降临"]
a.偶然的;意外的;无意中的I'm confident that the dentist will deny the confidential accidental incident.我确信牙医会否认那个机密的意外事件.
【记】来自accident（n 事故，意外）cid掉，苹果落下是意外的，但牛顿从中发现必然的规律。
【参】deciduous（adj 每年落叶的）；incident（n 偶然事件）
US [-tˌəl] adjective
 IMPROVER
■happening by chance 偶然的；意外的
• Reports suggest that 11 soldiers were killed by accidental fire from their own side. 报导暗示11名士兵被己方炮火误射而丧生。
• The site was located after the accidental discovery of bones in a field. 有人在田地里意外地发现遗骨后，这个遗址才被发现。
adj. 意外的；偶然的；附属的；临时记号的
 - unexpected, sudden, subsidiary, surprising, occasional

Word: zealot
Front: zealot
[ˈzelət] (托 14954/21590)
Vocabulary: zealot
(once / 7928 pages)
n
The hamburger zealot was so fanatical about his burgers that he camped outside his favorite fast-food joint for hours every morning, waiting for it to open. And he would never put mustard on them, only ketchup.
The original zealots were a group of first-century Jews who were absolutely determined to overthrow Roman rule in Palestine. Today, anyone who is goes overboard in their zeal, or enthusiasm, for a particular cause, a religion, a sports team, or a charitable organization — can be called a zealot. The coffee lover was a zealot regarding where his coffee was grown, who grew it, and how it was roasted.
WORD FAMILY
zealot: zealots
USAGE EXAMPLES
Augusta National is sacred ground, one that should be filled with true zealots of the game.
Golf Digest(Dec 23, 2016)
Not to mention a presence that tends to chafe with his self-possession, his army of converts and zealots.
The Guardian(Dec 16, 2016)
Immediately a narrative of hagiography arises, framing the rise to power as the journey of a committed, principled zealot.
The Guardian(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 热心者，狂热者
分布：狂热者(74%)，热心者(26%)
热心者,狂热者(zeal+ot表示人,如;hekot奴隶)[zeal=ardor,表示"热心"]
热心者(zeal热情)[-ot表名词"…人"]
【记】zeal（热心，热情），ot
noun countable
■a person who has very strong opinions about something, and tries to make other people have them too 狂热者；热心者
• a religious zealot 宗教狂热分子
n. 狂热者；犹太教狂热信徒
 - Wild Ginger, enthusiast

Word: admiration
Front: admiration
[ˌædməˈreɪʃn] (六托 6964/5612 -K)
Vocabulary: admiration
(once / 159 pages)
n
Admiration is the feeling of liking and appreciating, like your admiration of your older sister. You ask her for advice and hope to be just like her when you are older.
The root of the word admiration is admire, which means "to regard with wonder or approval." People can receive admiration for many reasons, including their beauty, hard work, or intelligence. Often, there is a sense of gratitude or thanks when someone feels admiration. For example, your admiration for a favorite teacher includes an awareness of how much he or she helped you.
WORD FAMILY
admiration: admirations+/ admirable: admirability, admirableness, admirablest, admirably/ admire: admirable, admiration, admired, admirer, admires, admiring/ admirer: admirers/admiring: admiringly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Berger’s methods, influenced by the ideas of Walter Benjamin, tended to attract either ardent admiration or seething criticism, with little in between.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Some say it is his lack of experience in foreign policy, or an oft-stated admiration for strongmen, or naivete about Russian intentions.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Trump wrote in a tweet Friday afternoon, his latest public expression of admiration for the Russian leader.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 钦佩，赞美; 引人赞美的人或物; 怀着对…的赞美
分布：钦佩(62%)，赞赏(38%)
钦佩,赞赏(admire+ation)[mir=wonder,look,表示"惊奇,看"]
noun uncountable
 ADVANCED
■when you admire someone or something 钦佩；羡慕；赞赏；欣赏
• My admiration for that woman grows daily. 我对那个女子的钦佩与日俱增。
• She gazed in admiration at his broad, muscular shoulders. 她盯着他那肌肉发达的宽阔肩膀，露出欣赏的目光。
admiration, honour, esteem, regard, respect
这组词都有“尊敬、尊重、敬意”的意思，其区别是：
admiration: 指除表示尊敬外，还常伴随有一种真挚的倾慕之情。
honour: 指对长辈或有地位、有名望、有功劳的人公开表示极大敬意或软佩。
esteem: 除表示尊敬之外，还暗示由此可而产生的称赞。
regard: 最正式用词，中性，与respect和honour近义。
respect: 指对年长、地位较高的人的尊敬，对他人成就、行为或见解等经过仔细评估后而表示尊重，暗示在上述人面前表现谦恭和有礼貌。
n. 钦佩；赞赏；羡慕；赞美
 - envy, envious of

Word: biographer
Front: biographer
[baɪˈɒgrəfə(r)] (托 10519/11989 -1)
Vocabulary: biographer
(once / 1175 pages)
n
A biographer is a writer who specializes in true stories of other people's lives. The finished books that biographers publish are called biographies.
In some cases, well-known writers, actors, and other public figures work with biographers in order to collaborate on their own biographies. Other times, biographers research the lives of their subjects after they've died. In the 1660s, they were known as biographists. The root of all variations on biography is the Late Greek biographia, "description of life," from bio-, "life," and graphia, "record or account."
WORD FAMILY
biographer: biographers+/ biography: biographer, biographical, biographies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Like the best biographers, Baird writes like a novelist, and her book is crammed with irresistible detail and description.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
The analogy I favor is introspection as a personal narrative, whereby people construct stories about their lives, much as a biographer would.
Time(Dec 13, 2016)
Petraeus violated both the law and national security by leaking confidential information to his biographer and lover, then lied about it to the FBI.
The Guardian(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 传记作者
分布：传记作家(100%)
传记作家(biography+er)[graph,gram=write,表示"写,图"]
US [-'ɑ:.grə.fɚ] noun countable
■someone who writes the story of a particular person's life 传记作者
• Boswell was Dr Johnson's biographer. 鲍斯威尔是约翰逊博士的传记作者。

Word: damning
Front: damning
[ˈdæmɪŋ] (20862/19672 -1)
Back: n. 诅咒
adj. 毁灭的; 咒骂的; 身败名裂的
v. 诅咒( damn的现在分词)
分布：咒骂的(44%)，定罪的(21%)，诅咒的(15%)，强烈反对的(10%)，动词damn的现在分词.(10%)
adjective
■describes a report, finding, remark, etc. which includes a lot of criticism or which shows clearly that someone is wrong, guilty or has behaved very badly （报告、调查结果、评论等）毫不留情的，谴责的；（证据）确凿的
• He made some fairly damning remarks about the government's refusal to deal with the problem. 他相当尖锐地谴责政府在这个问题上袖手旁观的立场。
• The two men were convicted on some extremely damning evidence. 那两个人因犯罪证据确凿而被定罪。
adj. 咒骂的；毁灭的；受永罚的
 - ruined
n. 诅咒
 - curse, anathema
v. 咒骂（damn的ing形式）
 - swearing

Word: collaborator
Front: collaborator
[kəˈlæbəreɪtə(r)] (8415/11878 -1)
Back: n. 协作者，合作者; 通敌者
分布：合作者(90%)，通敌者(7%)，合著者(3%)
US [-tˌɚ] noun countable
ENEMY SUPPORTER 敌方的支持者 disapproving
■a person who works with an enemy who has taken control of their country 通敌分子，卖国贼
• wartime collaborators 战争期间的通敌者
• a Nazi collaborator 与纳粹勾结的人
UK [kə'læb.ə.reɪ.tər] US [-tˌɚ] noun countable
WORKING WITH 与…一起工作
■a person who works together with others for a special purpose （为了特殊目的的）合作者
• a new production by Andrew Davies and collaborators 安德鲁‧戴维斯及其合作者推出的一部新作
n. [劳经] 合作者；勾结者；通敌者
 - cooperator, helpmeet

Word: imperfect
Front: imperfect
[ɪmˈpɜ:fɪkt] (10063/11236 -1)
Vocabulary: imperfect
(once / 394 pages)
1adj 2n
Something imperfect has flaws, errors, or problems. Imperfect is the opposite of perfect.
Imperfect comes from the Latin word imperfectus, meaning “incomplete." If you have an imperfect knowledge of French, you might be able to order a coffee in Paris but not chat with the waiter. Something imperfect is unfinished or damaged in some way. Scuffed silver shoes are imperfect. A great baseball player who makes one error is imperfect. Getting 100 on a test is perfect, but getting a 98 is imperfect. If it’s lacking something, it’s imperfect.
WORD FAMILY
imperfect: imperfectly, imperfectness, imperfects+/imperfectible: imperfectibility/ imperfection: imperfections/ perfect: imperfect, perfected, perfectedly, perfecter, perfectest, perfectible, perfecting, perfection, perfective, perfectly, perfects/perfecter: perfecters/perfectible: imperfectible, perfectibility/ perfection: imperfection, perfectionism, perfections/perfectionism: perfectionist / perfectionist: perfectionists/perfective: imperfective
USAGE EXAMPLES
She and her mother were both clever, heads-held-high victims of those laughably imperfect men.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
It’s a disconcerting moment even within a film grounded in the imperfect logic of memory.
Slate(Dec 28, 2016)
We are imperfect human beings and we all hurt others, just as we are hurt by them.
Time(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 有缺点的，不完美的; [语]未完成过去时的; [生]只有雄蕊或雌蕊的; [法]在法律上不能实施的
n. 处理品，瑕疵品; [语]未完成式
分布：不完美的(88%)，有缺点的(9%)，未完善的(3%)
→im-,不，非，perfect,完美的。
US [-'pɝ:-] adjective
NOT PERFECT 不完美的
■damaged, containing problems or not having something 有缺陷的；不完美的；不完全的
• We're living in an imperfect world. 我们生活的世界并不完美。
• I explained as well as I was able, given my own imperfect understanding of the situation. 考虑到我自己对情况也不完全了解，我已经尽我所能地作了解释。
UK [ɪm'pɜ:.fekt] US [-'pɝ:-] adjective
GRAMMAR 文法 specialized
■the imperfect form of a verb describes an action in the past which was continuous or was not completed 未完成式，未完成过去时；过去进行式
• In the sentence 'He was hit by a car as he was crossing the road', the verb 'cross' is in the imperfect form. 在句子 He was hit by a car as he was crossing the road 中，动词 cross 用的是未完成式。
UK [ɪm'pɜ:.fekt] US [-'pɝ:-] noun only singular
the imperfect (tense) specialized
 ADVANCED
■the tense of a verb which describes an action which has not been completed in the past, used, for example, to refer to an action which was happening when it was suddenly interrupted, or to describe an existing situation at the beginning of a story 未完成式，未完成过去时；过去进行式
• In the sentence 'He was hit by a car as he was crossing the road', the verb 'cross' is in the imperfect. 在句子 He was hit by a car as he was crossing the road 中，动词 cross 用的是未完成式。
adj. 有缺点的；未完成的；半过去的；未完成时的
 - faulty, unfinished

Word: grandmother
Front: grandmother
[ˈgrænmʌðə(r)] (中研四六 2495/4338 -K2)
Vocabulary: grandmother
(once / 303 pages)
n
Your grandmother is your mom or dad's mother. In many traditional cultures, a grandmother lives with her adult child's family and helps raise her grandchildren.
Everyone has two biological grandmothers, maternal (your mother's mother) and paternal (your father's mother). If you're lucky, your grandmother is someone you get to know well. One of the most well-known fictional grandmothers appears in "Little Red Riding Hood," the fairy tale in which a wolf disguises himself as Red Riding Hood's grandmother in an attempt to fool her into being eaten.
WORD FAMILY
grandmother: grandmothers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Then his grandmother ordered him to board that school bus.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Coroner David West says the child left the apartment while his grandmother was braiding her granddaughter’s hair.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Ms. Cook-Lopez’s father and grandfather ran Cook & Son Television Service, where customers would notice her grandmother, Virginia, working with yarn.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. （外）祖母; 老奶奶; 女祖先
vt. 当…的祖母
vi. 当祖母
分布：名词(100%)
n.祖母,外祖母My grandmother has been ill for a week.我祖母已生病一个星期了.
UK ['græm-] US [-ɚ] (informal grandma) (granny) (gran)
noun countable
 ESSENTIAL
■the mother of a person's father or mother （外）祖母
UK ['grænd.mʌð.ər] UK ['græm-] US [-ɚ] (informal grandma) (granny) (gran)
noun countable
teach your grandmother to suck eggs UK disapproving
■to give advice to someone about a subject that they already know more about than you 班门弄斧
n. 祖母；女祖先
 - nin, grammy

Word: egregious
Front: egregious
[ɪˈgri:dʒiəs] (宝 12820/33756)
Vocabulary: egregious
(once / 4086 pages)
adj
Something that is egregious stands out, but not in a good way — it means "really bad or offensive." If you make an egregious error during a championship soccer match, your coach might bench you for the rest of the game.
"My massage therapist gave me bruises," someone complained recently on Twitter, asking, "When does it cease to be deep tissue massage therapy and become egregious and unabashed manhandling?" An egregious error is hardly forgivable. Some synonyms are shocking, appalling, and intolerable. The word has made a 180-degree turn from its original sense in Latin, when it meant "exceptionally good." Word historians have speculated that the negative usage was originally meant to be ironic, but it is the only sense that has survived. Be careful not to use it to mean "outstanding," since no one wants to be called egregious.
WORD FAMILY
egregious: egregiously
USAGE EXAMPLES
That resulted in an egregious turnover; the pass was intercepted by P.A.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Beam believes Wilson’s most egregious transgression was assuming he understood the forces that shaped Nabokov, a presumption Nabokov found repellent.
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
Late Monday, McCrory signed House Bill 17, which was part of the legislature’s egregious power-grab in its special session last week.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 极坏的，异乎寻常的
分布：恶名昭彰的(57%)，非常的(25%)，过份的(18%)
→e-, 向外。-greg, 群，集中，词源同yard, gregarious. 原义为鹤立鸡群的，极好的，现义贬义化。参照拉丁文egregium, 非凡，伟业。
过分的;不寻常的(e出+greg+iuos→出了一般团体→过分的)[greg=group,表示"群体"]
【记】e出，greg团体－恶的出圈了－极端恶劣的e出，gre＝GRE，gious：出GRE考题的－极端恶劣的
【参】gregarious（adj 社交的；群居的）；aggregate（n /v 总计；集合）
[ɪ'gri:.dʒəs] formal disapproving
adjective
■often of mistakes, extremely bad （错误等）极其严重的，极坏的，令人震惊的
• It was an egregious error for a statesman to show such ignorance. 一位政界人士表现得如此无知，犯这种错误是极不应该的。
adj. 惊人的；过分的；恶名昭彰的
 - tremendous, excessive, ultra, tall, incredible

Word: leftish

Word: mathematician
Front: mathematician
[ˌmæθəməˈtɪʃn] (10536/12241 -1)
Vocabulary: mathematician
(once / 1904 pages)
n
Use the noun mathematician when you talk about someone who is highly educated in — and good at — math. Your math teacher might be a great mathematician who's also gifted at explaining math to students.
You can call a person who does math for a living a mathematician, like a math professor or someone who works in statistics or as an actuary. Actually, anyone who has great skill at mathematics is also a mathematician, even if they work as a chef or a taxi driver. The word mathematician is rooted in the Greek mathematikos, which means "relating to mathematics, or scientific," or simply "disposed to learn."
WORD FAMILY
mathematician: mathematicians+/mathematical: mathematically/ mathematics: mathematical, mathematician
USAGE EXAMPLES
A 50p coin will mark the achievements of mathematician Sir Isaac Newton, a one-time Master of the Royal Mint.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
During the space race, NASA’s Langley Research Center employed black female mathematicians to calculate, among other things, launch and landing for the country’s first astronauts.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
The most common such algorithm was developed from a flash of insight from the great American mathematician John Tukey.
BBC(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 数学家
分布：数学家(100%)
→来自mathematics,数学，-ian,人。即搞数学的人，数学家。
noun countable
■someone who studies, teaches or is an expert in mathematics 数学家

Word: renowned
Front: renowned
[rɪˈnaʊnd] (托雅 7209/6993)
Vocabulary: renowned
(once / 868 pages)
adj
Celebrated, gushed over, and even legendary, something that's renowned is really famous. If you not only find a cure for cancer, but you also go on lots of talk shows so everyone knows who you are, then you'll be a renowned scientist.
Renown comes from the Anglo-Norman for "re-name," as in repeatedly name, so something is renowned is something that people are talking about, or naming, over and over. If you are a huge celebrity, people from your home town might boast, "The renowned Madame X was born here." Something renowned is really good, not just famous. Just because you make the cover of a trashy tabloid magazine doesn't mean you're a renowned actress. But if you win an Oscar, you are.
WORD FAMILY
renowned
USAGE EXAMPLES
And even George Washington, so renowned for his composure, quivered during his address to the Senate after nervously improvising in his first inauguration.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Dukakis receives her maintenance therapy at McLean Hospital in suburban Boston, one of the world’s largest and most renowned psychiatric hospitals.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Mrs. Dukakis receives her maintenance therapy at McLean Hospital in suburban Boston, one of the world’s largest and most renowned psychiatric hospitals.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 有名的，享有声誉的; 有声望的
v. 使有声誉(renown的过去分词)
分布：有名的(76%)，有声誉的(24%)
【记】源于：renown（n 名望）re反复，nown＝name－名字反复出现－名望
adjective
■famous for something 著名的
• The region is renowned for its outstanding natural beauty. 该地区因其秀美壮丽的自然风光而享有盛誉。
• Marco Polo is a renowned explorer/is renowned as an explorer. 马可．孛罗是著名的探险家。
adj. 著名的；有声望的
 - famous, noted, distinguished, celebrated, famed

Word: specially
Front: specially
[ˈspeʃəli] (四六 7946/3487 -K1)
Vocabulary: specially
(once / 357 pages)
adv
Specially means "for a special purpose." If you walk into a room that's been specially decorated for St. Patrick's Day, there is probably a lot of green involved, and a shamrock or two.
Use the adverb specially as a slightly less formal version of especially to mean something done in a particular way — like the fabric of a raincoat that's been specially treated to repel water. Specially also tells about something done for a special occasion, like when you make your sister a specially decorated cake for her birthday.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
especially / specially
The words especially and specially, have just a hair's breadth of difference between them. Both can be used to mean "particularly." Especially tends to be more formal, while specially tends to be more informal:
Barney Frank can be ruthless in debate, especially when laying into opponents who try to evade the historical record.
This season, Essie Cosmetics is commemorating 2010 Breast Cancer Awareness month with specially created We Can Do It Pink!
But our words have finer points to them that are worthy of being understood. Especially carries with it a sense of something exceptional, implying that there is something else that is of lesser quality:
We came to win the game and I thought we played especially well in the first half.
Charlotte Daw Paulsen, a mezzo-soprano, as Jephtha's wife, was especially fine in her harrowing "Scenes of horror, scenes of woe."
Specially can refer to something with a distinct purpose, someone who stands apart from the rest, without insinuating that there is something or someone who is lesser:
Specially trained dogs may be useful in helping to calm autistic children.
Value Village's specially trained costume consultants will showcase the hottest costumes.
Now that you know the finer points, you can choose your words particularly/especially/specially carefully.
WORD FAMILY
special: specialise, specialism, speciality, specialize, specially, specialness, specials+/overspecialize: overspecialized/specialisation: specialisations/specialise: overspecialise, specialisation, specialised, specialiser, specialises, specialising/specialised: unspecialised/specialism: specialisms, specialist / specialist: specialistic, specialists/speciality: specialities/ specialization: specializations/ specialize: overspecialize, specialization, specialized, specializer, specializes, specializing/ specialized: unspecialized/specializer: specializers
USAGE EXAMPLES
And those meetings were preceded by meetings of specially designated committees designed to analyze policies and proposals pertaining to certain aspects of county government.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
A specially developed machine drills tiny holes at strategic points in the undersides until they spin just right.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Hospital staff administered antibiotics, a specially formulated laxative to treat constipation, and a diet of squid and fish.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adv. 特别地; 专门地; 特意地; 格外地
分布：特别地(49%)，专门地(36%)，尤其(15%)
→special,特殊的，专门的，-ly,副词后缀。
['speʃ.əl.i] (also especially)
adverb
VERY 极其
 IMPROVER
■extremely or in particular 极其；特别地；尤其
• This is a specially good wine. 这是一瓶上好的葡萄酒。
• "Is there anything you want to do this evening?" "Not specially." “今天晚上你有事吗？”“没甚么特别的事。”
• The children really liked the museum, specially the dinosaurs. 孩子们非常喜欢博物馆，特别是里面那些恐龙。
['speʃ.əl.i] (also especially)
adverb
FOR ONE PURPOSE 特意
 ADVANCED
■for a particular purpose 特意，专门地
• I came here specially to see you. 我是特意来看你的。
• She has a wheelchair that was specially made for her. 她有一辆专为她订做的轮椅。
• The opera 'Aida' was specially written for the opening of the Cairo opera house in 1871. 歌剧《阿伊达》是专门为1871年开罗歌剧院的落成而创作的。
particularly, especially, specially
这组词都有“特别地”的意思，其区别是：
particularly: 往往着重说明与同类事物不同的个别事物。如：The visitors admired his paintings, but particularly the portrait of his daughter.(来访者赞赏他所有的绘画，特别是他女儿的画像。)
especially: 一般表示某事物在意义、程度、重要性性超过其他事物。如：I love Italy, especially in summer.(我喜欢意大利，尤其在夏天。)
specially: 多表示“专门地”，“为特别目的的地”，如表“不寻常”，“过分”等，可与especially通用。如：I made chocolate cake specially for you.(我特地为你做了巧克力 蛋糕。)
adv. 特别地；专门地
 - particularly, extra, technically

Word: militiaman
Front: militiaman
[məˈlɪʃəmən] (17059/26616 -1)
Back: n. 民兵; 民兵组织
分布：民兵(80%)，民兵组织(20%)
→militia,民兵组织，man,人。即民兵。
noun countable
■a member of a militia 民兵
n. 民兵；民兵组织
 - saturday night soldier, askari

Word: dial
Front: dial
[ˈdaɪəl] (高研四六雅 6092/8621 -2)
Vocabulary: dial
(once / 1092 pages)
nv
A dial is a circle that has a series of numbers or marks representing numbers, like the dial of a clock face, a compass, or an old-fashioned telephone. If you have a watch that glows in the dark, it's the dial you can see even in a dark movie theater.
Old telephones and televisions both have dials — the first has numbers from zero to nine in a circle, and the latter has a round disc for changing channels. When you call someone, you can say that you dial their number. In fact, people tend to use the word dial when they use a phone, even if they're pushing buttons or tapping a touch screen. The Latin root is dialis, "daily," and the earliest dial was a sundial.
WORD FAMILY
dial: dialed, dialing, dialled, dialling, dials
USAGE EXAMPLES
To implement the new area code, the commission also approved mandatory 10-digit dialing for all Western Washington area codes by the fall of 2017.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Were you ever tempted to dial that back?
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Dial also said Federal Bureau of Investigation officials told him they interviewed Spencer and that he denounced the "Daily Stormer" postings.
Reuters(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 日晷; 钟（表）面，标度盘; 拨号盘; 表盘
vt. & vi. 打电话，拨电话号码
vt. 用标度盘测量; 通过表针控制
时态：dialled, dialing, dials
分布：拨号(80%)，刻度盘(6%)，打电话(6%)，拨号盘(5%)，钟面(2%)，日晷(1%)
→来自拉丁短语rota dialis, daily wheel (rotate diurnal )，一种古代测太阳运转的日晷，后用来指相关圆形物体。比较印度奥里萨邦Konark Sun Temple, 在入口处可见一巨大的日晷石雕，再往里依次是梳洗图，劳作图，性爱图，即人一天的作息规律。
日署[di=day,表示"日,日子"]
n.钟(表)面,刻度盘,拨号盘v.拨号,打电话In the college, I alleged that I recollected the dialog in dialect about the dial collection.在学院里我宣称忆起关于收集到度盘用方言进行的对话.
verb intransitive or transitive (-ll- or US USUALLY -l-)
 ADVANCED
■to operate a telephone or make a telephone call to someone by pressing a particular series of buttons with numbers, or moving a disc with numbers, on the telephone 拨号，按号码
• Can I dial this number direct , or do I have to go through the operator? 我可以直接拨这个号码还是需要透过话务员接转？
• Dial 0 for the switchboard. 总机拨0。
['daɪ.əl] noun countable
MEASURING DEVICE 测量仪器
■the part of a machine or device which shows you a measurement of something such as speed or time 表盘，仪表盘
• Can you read what it says on the dial? 你能读出仪表盘上的读数吗？
• The dial of/on his watch (= the part of it which has the numbers on it) had a picture of Mickey Mouse on it. 他手表的表盘上有一个米奇老鼠的图案。
■a device on an instrument which you move in order to control it or make changes to it 旋钮，调节器
• You turn this dial to find a different radio station. 转动这个旋钮可选择不同的广播电台。
['daɪ.əl] noun countable
TELEPHONE 电话
■the disc with numbers on old-fashioned telephones which you turn when you make a telephone call （老式电话机的）拨号盘
n. 转盘； [仪] 刻度盘；钟面
 - rotating disc, turntable

Word: airwaves
Front: airwaves
[ˈeəweɪvz] (11658/- -1)
Back: n. 电视广播; 电视，广播的频道( airwave的名词复数); 〔电子〕空中电波
分布：无线电或电视广播(100%)
US ['er-] plural noun
■the radio waves used for broadcasting radio and television programmes, or more generally, radio or television broadcasting time （广播、电视用的）无线电波；播送时间
• The new series of Batman will be on the airwaves at 6 pm every Tuesday. 新拍的《蝙蝠侠》系列片将在每周二的下午六点播出。
n. 电视广播
 - television broadcasting, faxcasting

Word: anthrax
Front: anthrax
[ˈænθræks] (9090/38192)
Back: n. <医>炭疽（病）; 炭疽脓疱
分布：炭疽病(100%)
→来自希腊词anthrax, 炭，煤。此处指皮肤学的一种疾病症状，有如炙热的红炭。
noun uncountable
■a disease which causes fever, swelling and often death in animals, especially sheep and cattle (= male and female cows) , and can be passed on to humans 炭疽病（一种常引起牛羊死亡的传染病，可传给人）
n. [内科] 炭疽，炭疽热
 - charbon

Word: ardent
Front: ardent
[ˈɑ:dnt] (托雅宝 10839/13855 -1)
Vocabulary: ardent
(once / 334 pages)
adj
If you are ardent, you are passionate about something. A pop star's ardent admirers might go so crazy at his concert that they faint from excitement.
Ardent is most often used to modify words like supporter, fan, advocate, admirer, and defender — but also opponent. Although you can either ardently support or oppose something, support is by far the more common use. The word literally means "burning" or "glowing" — it's from Latin ardere, "to burn." In poetic use, the word is sometimes used to mean "glowing," as Alexander Pope did in his 1718 translation of Homer's Iliad: "From rank to rank she darts her ardent eyes."
WORD FAMILY
ardent: ardenter, ardently
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Berger’s methods, influenced by the ideas of Walter Benjamin, tended to attract either ardent admiration or seething criticism, with little in between.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Mr. Broeksmit was always an ardent advocate for Mr. Jain.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
God is silent; in a way, so is this most ardent missionary.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 热心的，热情的，热烈的; 炽热的; 强烈的; 激烈的
分布：热心的(48%)，热情的(36%)，激烈的(16%)
→来自词根ard, 火。词源同ash，字母r,s 音变。
热情的[ard=burn(燃烧)]
【记】读：啊！灯塔！我的领航员！（热情的读出来）
【参】arduous（adj 费劲的，险峻的）；ardor（n 热诚，情欲）
US ['ɑ:r-] adjective [before noun]
■showing strong feelings 热烈的；激情的；强烈的
• an ardent supporter of Manchester United 曼联队的狂热支持者
• an ardent feminist 坚定的女权主义者
adj. 热情的；热心的；激烈的；燃烧般的
 - intense, acute, warm, eager, tropical

Word: coral
Front: coral
[ˈkɒrəl] (高托 6040/5793 -1)
Vocabulary: coral
(once / 621 pages)
1n 2nadj 3n
Coral is a marine polyp with a calcareous skeleton that lives in colonies. You probably last saw coral while scuba diving at the Great Barrier Reef. That or while looking at the coral necklaces in the beach shop.
Though coral looks like stone with little holes, it is actually a kind of sea polyp with a stony, hole filled skeleton. Sometimes the word coral refers to the skeleton itself. Because of the red color of Mediterranean coral, coral is also an adjective meaning pink-red. Shakespeare wrote: “My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun; Coral is far more “red than her lips' red.” Coral can also be a noun for unfertilized lobster eggs that turn red when cooking.
WORD FAMILY
coral: corally, corals
USAGE EXAMPLES
The larvae of fish that live in coral reefs are tiny, and they are not very good swimmers.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Enthusiasts of garage architecture will also appreciate the perforated walls, like coral, or a cheese grater, of the six-story car park next door.
Slate(Dec 30, 2016)
Miami recruits internationally, and one of the things in the Hurricanes’ favor is that students from around the world already flock to Coral Gables.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 珊瑚; 珊瑚虫; 珊瑚色; 龙虾卵
adj. 珊瑚的; 珊瑚色的
分布：珊瑚(94%)，珊瑚的(5%)，珊瑚色的(1%)
→来自希伯来闪族语。
US ['kɔ:r-] noun uncountable
■a substance like rock, formed in the sea by groups of particular types of small animal, that is often used in jewellery 珊瑚
• a coral bracelet/necklace 珊瑚手镯／项链
UK ['kɒr.əl] US ['kɔ:r-] adjective
■having a colour between orange and pink 珊瑚红色的，浅橘红色的
• Paul wore pale grey trousers with a coral T-shirt and black jacket. 保罗穿了条浅灰色长裤，配珊瑚红T恤和黑夹克。
n. [无脊椎] 珊瑚；珊瑚虫
 - polyp

Word: emigration
Front: emigration
[ˌemɪ'ɡreɪʃn] (12465/12008)
Vocabulary: emigration
(once / 1501 pages)
n
Emigration is when a person leaves his or her home country to live in another country indefinitely.
First used in the 1640s, the noun emigration derives from the Late Latin word emigrationem, meaning "removal from a place." Emigration often happens when people leave their native country to seek a better life in another country. For example, maybe your great-grandparents left Ireland to settle in Albany, NY, where they worked for the railroad. Remember that emigration refers to leaving a country. Immigration refers to entering a new country.
WORD FAMILY
emigration: emigrations+/ emigrate: emigrated, emigrates, emigrating, emigration
USAGE EXAMPLES
The wave of Coptic emigration is a testament to their plight in their ancient homeland, but it is also Egypt’s loss.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 21, 2016)
Although any Jew is eligible for citizenship under Israeli immigration law, Sizomu said emigration is not in their plans.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
To be sure, after 1994, the clauses favoring European immigrants expired and improving European economies meant a decreased interest in emigration towards the U.S.
Time(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 移居外国，迁移出境; （总称）移民
分布：移民(100%)
VERB
移居国外;移民
If you emigrate, you leave your own country to live in another country.
例：He emigrated to Belgium...他移民到比利时。
例：They planned to emigrate.他们打算移民。
n. 移民；移民出境；移居外国
 - migration, transplantation

Word: domination
Front: domination
[ˌdɒmɪ'neɪʃn] (宝 7356/6158)
Vocabulary: domination
(once / 1407 pages)
n
Domination means total control. Most comic book villains — and a few real people, too — spend their lives in pursuit of world domination.
Domination comes from the Latin word dominus, meaning "master" or "lord." This word conveys the idea not just of leadership, but of absolute, unchallengeable authority. So, just because your boss is in charge of the office doesn’t mean she engages in domination. Wait until she forces you to remove hundreds of staples by hand while she sends your coworker all the way to Costa Rica to fetch the coffee. But we hope it never comes to that.
WORD FAMILY
domination: dominations+/ dominate: dominated, dominates, dominating, domination / dominating: dominatingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Bryant-to-Witten connection put an exclamation point on the Cowboys' domination of the third quarter.
Reuters(Dec 27, 2016)
This aim for domination was clear at Amazon’s big customer conference, called Re:Invent, which was held in Las Vegas this month.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
For the idea of German domination still rouses too many ghosts - not least for the Germans themselves.
BBC(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 控制，统治
分布：控制(48%)，支配(47%)，管辖(5%)
【源】九等天使中的第四等：主天使
【反】indomitable（adj 不屈的）－easily subdued（容易屈服的）
US [ˌdɑ:.mə-] noun uncountable
■power or control over other people or things 征服；统治（某人或事）
• The film was about a group of robots set on world domination (= control of all countries). 这部电影讲述的是一伙机器人试图征服世界的故事。
n. 控制；支配
 - control, governance, disposal, grasp, hold

Word: magnate
Front: magnate
[ˈmægneɪt] (雅宝 16243/10392 -1)
Vocabulary: magnate
(once / 2084 pages)
n
If you’re a hugely successful businessperson, particularly if you’ve cornered the market in a specific area, you’re a magnate. Magnates are often larger-than-life characters, like that oil tycoon who wears a cowboy hat with his tuxedo.
Historically, a magnate was a man of noble birth (from the Latin magnus, meaning "a nobleman," or at least someone distinguished by his achievements. In the twentieth century, the stock of a magnate has rather fallen. If you’re vulgar and loud-spoken as well as rich, you’re probably a magnate. Thanks to the legendary movie producer Samuel Goldwyn, all film studio heads are now "studio magnates."
WORD FAMILY
magnate: magnates
USAGE EXAMPLES
Husband No. 2, Harry Karl, was a shoe magnate who lost his millions and hers through gambling and bad investments, according to her autobiography.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Eddie Fisher was hardly present for his daughter in her early years, and Reynolds’ second husband, shoe store magnate Harry Karl, was even worse.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Season three’s baddie, publishing magnate Charles Augustus Magnussen, was not nearly as compelling.
Time(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 富豪，权贵; 巨头; 大资本家
分布：巨头(100%)
→来自拉丁语magnus,伟大的，巨大的，富贵的，词源同major,master.引申词义伟人，贵族等，但现多含贬义。
noun countable
■a person who is very rich and successful in business or industry 富豪，大亨；工商界巨头
• a well-known shipping magnate 赫赫有名的船王
n. 巨头；大资本家；要人；富豪；……大王
 - personage, tycoon

Word: outrageous
Front: outrageous
[aʊtˈreɪdʒəs] (托雅 6077/7521 -2)
Vocabulary: outrageous
(once / 1015 pages)
adj
Something outrageous is extreme, over the top, beyond reason. It's hard to believe, and usually not in a good way. If the police came in and stole your TV, that would be outrageous.
If you know what outrage means, then you're on your way to understanding outrageous. Outrageous things make people outraged, really angry, or astounded because they're just so ridiculous. If your teacher gave everyone an F for no reason, that would be outrageous. If a friend spilled your secrets to everyone: outrageous. Lady Gaga rolling up to the Grammy’s in a giant egg? Totally outrageous, but in a wacky and extravagant kind of way.
WORD FAMILY
outrageous: outrageousest, outrageously, outrageousness+/ outrage: outraged, outrageous, outrages, outraging
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s outrageous that this is going on in the year 2016.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Even more outrageous is the utter silence on the exponentially worse crimes of numerous American allies.
Salon(Dec 01, 2016)
Barrett’s fourth-down run in the second overtime was much too close to be deemed outrageous, regardless of which way it went.
Washington Post(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 粗暴的; 无法容忍的; 反常的; 令人惊讶的
分布：过分的(62%)，骇人的(38%)
→来自outrage,愤怒，愤慨。
残暴的,骇人的(ourage+ous)[roge=mad,表示"疯狂"]
adjective
■shocking and morally unacceptable 骇人的；无耻的；无法接受的
• The judge criticized the "outrageous greed" of some of the lawyers. 法官批评有些律师“无耻贪婪”。
• [+ that] It is outrageous that these buildings remain empty while thousands of people have no homes. 这些大楼空着，而成千上万的人却无家可归，这真是令人难以容忍。
• These prices are just outrageous (= much too high). 这些价格高得吓人。
■describes something or someone that is shocking because they are unusual or strange （因反常或怪异）吓人的，惊人的，令人震惊的
• outrageous clothes/behaviour 奇装异服／怪异的举止
• an outrageous character 怪人
adj. 粗暴的；可恶的；令人吃惊的
 - bearish, abhorrent

Word: interaction
Front: interaction
[ˌɪntər'ækʃn] (四六托宝 2075/2517)
Vocabulary: interaction
(once / 2602 pages)
n
If you interact with someone––by talking, looking, sharing, or engaging in any kind of action that involves the two of you––you can be said to have had an interaction with that person.
Interaction comes from Latin inter, meaning between, and ago meaning to do or to act––any “action between” is considered an interaction, like the interaction between a teacher and a student, two countries, or even baking soda and vinegar (boom!).
WORD FAMILY
interaction: interactional, interactions+/ act: actable, acted, acting, action, active, actor, actress, acts, actuate, counteract, enact, interact, overact, underact/actable: unactable/acting: actings, self-acting/ action: actionable, actioned, actions, inaction/ activate: activated, activates, activating, activation, activator, deactivate, reactivate /activating: self-activating/ activation: activations/activator: activators/ active: activate, actively, activeness, activer, actives, activest, activity, hyperactive, inactive, overactive, underactive/ activity: activities/ actor: actors/actress: actresses/ actuate: actuated, actuates, actuating, actuation, actuator/actuator: actuators/counteract: counteracted, counteracting, counteraction, counteractive, counteracts/counteraction: counteractions/deactivate: deactivated, deactivates, deactivating, deactivation/ enact: enacted, enacting, enactment, enacts, reenact/enactment: enactments/ hyperactive: hyperactively, hyperactivity/inaction: inactions/inactivate: inactivated, inactivates, inactivating, inactivation/ inactive: inactivate, inactively, inactiveness, inactivity / inactivity: inactivities/ interact: interacted, interacting, interaction, interactive, interacts/ interactive: interactively/overact: overacted, overacting, overacts/overacting: overactings/overactive: overactivity/ reactivate: reactivated, reactivates, reactivating/reenact: reenacted, reenacting, reenactment, reenacts/ reenactment: reenactments/underact: underacted, underacting, underacts
USAGE EXAMPLES
Pelowski points to reforms that ended social interaction among lawmakers as the start of a partisan shift.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Among the other brain regions that were activated, however, were some associated with our interactions with other people.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
By creating interactions that encourage consumers to understand the objects that serve them as women, technologists abet the prejudice by which women are considered objects.
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 一起活动; 合作; 互相影响; 互动
分布：相互作用(87%)，相互影响(12%)，互动交流(1%)
相互影响(inter+action行动→相互行动→影响)[inter-表示"在…之间,相互"]
【记】intel相互，action作用－相互作用＝interplay
US [-tˌɚ-] noun countable or uncountable
■when two or more people or things communicate with or react to each other 交流，交往；相互作用，相互影响
• There's not enough interaction between the management and the workers. 管理部门与工人之间的沟通不足。
• Language games are usually intended to encourage student interaction. 语言游戏通常用来鼓励学生间的交流。
• The play follows the interactions of three very different characters. 该剧以三个性格迥异的人物之间的交往为主线展开情节。
n. [数] [物] 相互作用；交互作用
 - reciprocity, mutual effect

Word: remnant
Front: remnant
[ˈremnənt] (研六托雅宝 6394/7533 -1)
Vocabulary: remnant
(once / 569 pages)
n
A remnant is something that's left over, once the rest is used up. If you plan to sew a shirt using only a remnant, it might have to be a midriff shirt.
The noun remnant can also be used to refer to leftover things other than cloth. The origin of the word might help you remember this, more all-purpose, meaning — it comes from the French remanant, which means "to remain." Think of it this way: a remnant is something that remains, or is left behind. For example, the remnants from the ancient battle gave archaeologists clues from which to infer what had happened.
WORD FAMILY
remnant: remnants
USAGE EXAMPLES
While I meandered through my twenties, locked in my pseudo-bohemian stance, the remnants of that money rumbled along.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
Valles Calderas is home to vast grasslands and the remnants of one of North America’s few super volcanoes.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
An excavator crumpled remnants of the building’s roof and corner walls Wednesday afternoon.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 剩余部分; 残余; 幸存者; 零料，零头布
adj. 剩余的; 残留的
分布：残余(71%)，剩余的(13%)，零头(9%)，残存者(5%)，残剩余(2%)
→缩写自古法语 remenant,剩余的，剩余部分，词源同 remain.
剩余物[remn=remain(留下)]
n.剩余(物),零料,遗迹[风]a.剩余的,残留的Since the factory moved,this town has only a remnant of its former population.自从那家工厂移走后,这个小镇只剩下一些原先居民.
【记】源于：remain（v 保持；残存）
noun countable usually plural
■a small piece or amount of something that is left from a larger original piece or amount 残余（部分）；剩余（部分）；零头；零料
• the remnants of last night's meal 昨晚的剩饭
• remnants of the city's former glory 这座城市辉煌历史的遗迹
• a carpet remnant 地毯边角料
n. 剩余
 - surplus, residual, spare
adj. 剩余的
 - remaining, surplus, residual, odd

Word: roadside
Front: roadside
[ˈrəʊdsaɪd] (7439/9740 -1)
Back: n. 路边，路旁; 路旁（的），路边（的）（树木等）
adj. 路边的; 路旁的
分布：路边(81%)，路边的(19%)
US ['roʊd-] noun only singular
■the edge of a road 路边，路旁
• The car pulled in at/by/on the roadside. 汽车停靠在了路边。
• We stopped at a roadside café for lunch. 我们在路边的一个小餐馆停下来吃午饭。
n. 路边；路旁
 - curb, wayside
adj. 路边的；路旁的
 - wayside

Word: vocational
Front: vocational
[vəʊˈkeɪʃənl] (六托雅 8293/5875 -1)
Vocabulary: vocational
(once / 5279 pages)
adj
If you're learning a skill that could lead to a specific job, like how to repair cars or how to be a chef, you're getting vocational training. Vocational means "related to a career."
A vocation is a job or career, so something vocational is related to a specific kind of work. There are vocational schools that train people for jobs, which might be what you think of when you read the word vocational, though it could describe anything related to working. Vocational comes from the Latin word vocationem, or "a calling." It originally meant a spiritual calling, but grew to include employment in the 16th century.
WORD FAMILY
vocational: vocationally+/ vocation: vocational, vocations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Among recent classes, 77 percent of participants earned high school or vocational credentials.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Her vocational activities included crocheting, quilting and sewing.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
The curriculum will also include some vocational skills.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 职业的，行业的; 天职的; 有助于职业的
分布：职业的(100%)
US [voʊ-] adjective
■providing skills and education that prepare you for a job 职业的；业务的
• The Swedes regard vocational training as a part of a youngster's education. 瑞典人将职业训练视为年轻人应受教育的一部分。
adj. 职业的，行业的
 - professional, occupational

Word: stash
Front: stash
[stæʃ] (托宝 10715/21210 -1)
Vocabulary: stash
(once / 9322 pages)
vn
When you stash something, you stow it away to use it later. Your little brother might stash his Halloween candy under his bed, for example.
Use the word stash as a verb that means "hoard" or "stockpile," or as a noun — a pirate's secret pile of gold doubloons can be called a stash, and so can the collection of overdue library books you've got piled beside your bed. The verb version of stash was originally a late 1700's criminals' slang word meaning "conceal." It may have come from a combination of stow and cache.
WORD FAMILY
stash: stashed, stashes, stashing
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s also where I stash away a few flavour-packed preparations too.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
The Finance Ministry found enormous stashes of new currency bills secreted away by corrupt bank managers.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
A Dallas attorney’s correspondence suggests a surprising possibility: that the stash is a Chinese billionaire’s retirement fund.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 隐（贮）藏物; （旧）藏身处
v. 隐藏，藏匿; 贮藏; 〈英〉停止
时态：stashed, stashing, stashes
分布：隐藏(58%)，隐藏地点(14%)，隐藏物(14%)，储藏(14%)
→可能合成自 stow,存放，放置，cache,隐藏处，贮藏。
【记】st＝stay，ash－停留在灰里－藏匿
informal
verb transitive
■to store or hide something, especially a large amount 存放，藏匿（尤指大量物品）
• The stolen pictures were stashed (away) in a London warehouse. 失窃的画被藏匿在伦敦的一个仓库里。
vt. 存放；贮藏
 - store, deposit
vi. 存放；藏起来
 - put out of sight, trust with

Word: thaw
Front: thaw
[θɔ:] (托雅宝 10385/14310 -1)
Vocabulary: thaw
(once / 1267 pages)
vn
When things thaw, they're coming out of deep freeze and warming up. You can thaw a chicken, and a chilly friendship can thaw too.
Anything that thaws is warming up after a frigid or chilly period. The weather thaws when spring hits, especially after a bad winter. When you take food out of the freezer, it thaws. When you have an unpleasant relationship with someone, that can thaw too. A warm, friendly gesture from one person to another can be a sign that their cold relationship is thawing. When you think of thawing, think "Warming up."
WORD FAMILY
thaw: dethaw, thawed, thawing, thaws, unthaw+/thawing: thawings/unthaw: unthawed, unthawing
USAGE EXAMPLES
But tough Russian economic sanctions - and Turkey's increasing frustration with its Nato allies - led to a gradual thawing over 2016.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Back in the Baltimore operating room, University of Miami researchers helped Kaushal’s nurses thaw the frozen stem cells and prepare injections.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Thaw the puff pastry for about 20 minutes.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: vi. 解冻，融雪; 变缓和; 变得不冷淡
vt. 使融化
n. 融雪; 温暖气候; 放松
时态：thawed, thawing, thaws
分布：融雪(59%)，暖和(25%)，使融解(16%)
→来自古英语 thawian,来自 Proto-Germanic*thawon,来自 ta,融化，词源同拉丁语 tabes,融化， 腐化。
【记】读：嫂，大嫂解冻了一条鱼作给我们吃。
US [θɑ:] verb
BECOME NOT FROZEN 解冻
intransitive or transitive
■to (cause to) change from a solid, frozen state to a liquid or soft one, because of an increase in temperature （使）融化；（使）解冻
• Allow the meat to thaw properly before cooking it. 烹制这些肉之前要先解冻。
• The sun came out and thawed the ice. 太阳出来了，冰雪开始融化。
• It 's beginning to thaw (= The weather is warm enough for snow and ice to melt). 冰雪开始融化了。
Compare freeze
UK [θɔ:] US [θɑ:] verb
BECOME FRIENDLY 变友好
intransitive
■to become friendlier or more relaxed 变得友好；变得放松
• The report shows that relations between the two enemies may be thawing. 报告显示敌对双方的关系可能正缓和。
UK [θɔ:] US [θɑ:] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  thaw out
■If you thaw out, you gradually get warm again after being very cold. 变得暖和起来
• I'm only just beginning to thaw out after taking the dogs out this morning. 我今天早晨出去遛狗后，身子现在才刚刚开始暖和些。
UK [θɔ:] US [θɑ:] noun only singular
FRIENDLY 友好
■an increase in friendliness （关系的）缓和，改善
• There are signs of a thaw in relations between the two countries. 两国关系有缓和的迹象。
UK [θɔ:] US [θɑ:] noun only singular
WEATHER 天气
the thaw
■a period of warmer weather when snow and ice begin to melt 融雪期；化冰期；解冻期
• The thaw has set in early this year. 今年的融雪期来得早。
vi. 融解；变暖和
 - uncongeal, get warm
n. 解冻；融雪
 - ice-out, depergelation

Word: spider
Front: spider
[ˈspaɪdə(r)] (研四六托雅 5555/5742 -K2)
Back: n. 蜘蛛; 星形轮，十字叉; 带柄三脚平底锅; 三脚架
分布：蜘蛛(96%)，三脚架(2%)，十字叉(1%)，长柄平底锅(1%)
→来自古英语 spider,蜘蛛， 来自 Proto-Germanic*spin, 纺织， 来自 spen, 纺织， 词源同 spin,spindle.-der,-ther,工具格后缀，词源同 rudder,tether.因蜘蛛善织网而得名。
n.蜘蛛Considering considerable spiders outside, I stay in the president's residence.考虑到外面有相当多的蜘蛛,我呆在总统的住宅里.
US [-dɚ] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a small creature similar to an insect with eight thin legs which catches other insects in a web (= a net made from sticky threads) 蜘蛛
• a spider's web 蛛网
n. [无脊椎] 蜘蛛；设圈套者；三脚架
 - araneid, tripod

Word: weird
Front: weird
[wɪəd] (研托雅宝 3632/5398 -2)
Vocabulary: weird
(once / 698 pages)
adj
Call something weird when it’s strange, bizarre, or strikes you as odd. Putting peanut butter on pizza is weird. So is most abstract, conceptual performance art.
Our definition of weird is rooted in Germanic mythology, where the “weird sisters” were three funky-looking goddesses that controlled fate and destiny: We dropped the idea of destiny and clung to how weird the weird sisters looked. In today’s slang we even use weird as a verb, as in “to weird someone out” or make them feel uneasy.
WORD FAMILY
weird: weirder, weirdest, weirdly, weirdness+/weirdness: weirdnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It’s kind of weird, if you think about it.”
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
It was just weird that he called it yesterday.”
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Things then got weird on the point after touchdown as Jarran Reed got ejected for an unsportsmanlike penalty.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 怪诞的，超自然的; 奇怪的，奇异的; <古>命运的，宿命的; 不可思议的
n. 命运，宿命; 厄运; <古>命运女神
分布：怪异的(41%)，古怪的(35%)，离奇的(13%)，命运(8%)，预言者(3%)
→来自wer,弯，转，纺织，词源同versus,wreath。原指北欧神话中编织人命运之线的三女神，又称weird sisters,但这三姐妹在传说和文学作品中都被描绘成无比怪异的女巫形象，因此引申词义怪异的，奇怪的。
a.古怪的,离奇的;怪诞的,神秘而可怕的They were awakened by a weird shriek.他们被一声怪叫吵醒了.
【记】we，ird＝bird：我们突然变成鸟了－超自然的；古怪荒唐的
US [wɪrd] adjective
 ADVANCED
■very strange and unusual, unexpected or not natural 怪异的；不寻常的；出乎意料的；超自然的
• He was sitting alone by a window with a weird contraption on the bench in front of him. 他独自坐在窗边，面前的长椅上摆着个奇怪的装置。
• Her boyfriend's a bit weird but she's all right. 她的男朋友有点怪，不过她倒很正常。
• That's weird - I thought I'd left my keys on the table but they're not there. 真奇怪——我记得把锁匙放在桌子上，但现在却不见了。
• There is nothing to rival the weird and wonderful things that come out on the streets at carnival time. 没有甚么可以和狂欢节期间大街上出现的那些奇妙而古怪的东西相媲美。
adj. 怪异的；不可思议的；超自然的
 - magic, mysterious, fantastic
n. （苏格兰）命运；预言
 - fate, prediction, lot, destiny, fortune

Word: dressing
Front: dressing
[ˈdresɪŋ] (雅 5976/5363 -1)
Back: n. 穿衣; 调味品; 肥料
v. 穿着; 装饰(dress的现在分词)
分布：敷料(43%)，打扮(21%)，穿衣(18%)，调料(10%)，包扎(5%)，肥料(2%)，填料(1%)
→来自dress, 装饰，服装，引申词义调味料。
noun
SALAD 沙拉
countable or uncountable
■a liquid mixture, often containing oil, vinegar and herbs, which is added to food, especially salads 佐料，调料（常由油、醋及香草混制而成，尤用于拌沙拉）
['dres.ɪŋ] noun
INJURY 受伤
countable
■a covering which is put on a wound or an area of damaged skin to protect it （包扎伤口用的）敷料，纱布
n. 穿衣；加工；调味品；装饰；梳理
 - decoration, seasoning
v. 给…穿衣；为…打扮（dress的现在分词）
 - clothing

Word: deluge
Front: deluge
[ˈdelju:dʒ] (雅宝 16257/18492 -1)
Vocabulary: deluge
(once / 1018 pages)
nv
Feeling overwhelmed, like you're underwater? You might be experiencing a deluge — like when you've been given a deluge of homework over vacation: a dozen term papers, two dozen books to read, and a mile-high stack of math problems.
The noun deluge is an overwhelming amount of something in general, such as work, people, or questions. Because of its Latin roots, however, in particular it means an overwhelming amount of water. It comes from diluvian, which means flood. The verb deluge similarly means to overwhelm or inundate with something, particularly water. The hurricane deluged the island with rain. A deluge isn't always a bad thing, however. One thing most people would like to be deluged with? Money.
WORD FAMILY
deluge: deluged, deluges, deluging
USAGE EXAMPLES
Republican electors were deluged with emails, phone calls and letters urging them not to support Trump.
Time(Dec 19, 2016)
The leaves echo the tree shapes in the show’s largest painting, a 10-foot-wide deluge of color that suggests a flood of memories.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
But the Arizona electors say they won’t be swayed by the protests or email and phone call deluge.
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. 洪水; 泛滥; 倾盆大雨
vt. 使淹没; 使泛滥
时态：deluged, deluging, deluges
分布：泛滥(51%)，大洪水(23%)，暴雨(23%)，大量涌入(3%)
→de-, 向下，离开。-lug, 冲洗，喷流，词源同lava, dilute.
大洪水;暴雨(de去掉+lug[=luv]+e→冲掉→暴雨)[lav,luv,lut=wash,表示"洗,冲洗"]
【记】de向下，luge＝luv冲洗一倾盆大雨发音特殊：中间有一个“流”－大洪水大人总是delude小孩：deluge来了！！
【参】dilute（v 冲淡；稀释；adj 淡的；稀释的）
【反】drizzle（n 细雨）
noun countable
■a very large amount of rain or water 暴雨；洪水
• This little stream can become a deluge when it rains heavily. 遇到暴雨的时候，这条小溪的水势就会猛涨。
a deluge of sth
■a lot of something 大量的…
• The newspaper received a deluge of complaints/letters/phone calls about the article. 报馆收到了关于这篇文章的大量投诉／信件／电话。
['del.ju:dʒ] verb transitive usually passive
■to cover something with a lot of water 淹没
• The city was deluged when the river burst its banks. 河流溃堤淹没了这个城市。
• figurative We've been deluged with (= have received a lot of) replies. 纷至沓来的回信使我们应接不暇。
n. 洪水；泛滥；暴雨
 - flood, fresh, flow, inundation
vt. 使泛滥；压倒
 - overwhelm, snow under

Word: cumbersome
Front: cumbersome
[ˈkʌmbəsəm] (托雅宝 12228/11172 -1)
Vocabulary: cumbersome
(once / 4488 pages)
adj
You have to wrestle a bit with the longish word cumbersome; it's cumbersome, or kind of long and clumsy, to tumble out in a sentence. It's hard to use it gracefully.
A "cumber" is something that slows you down, and though the words aren't related, "lumber" includes big pieces of heavy wood, which might slow down the person carrying them. Moving lumber is cumbersome, because it's a heavy and awkward job. Getting your laundry down the stairs or putting a Rottweiler in the bathtub can be cumbersome too.
WORD FAMILY
cumbersome: cumbersomely, cumbersomeness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The streamlined version was much easier to read, the directions less cumbersome and more direct.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Yet these striking photographs are not served well by the book’s uninspired and cumbersome design.
Washington Post(Dec 08, 2016)
The wire was cumbersome, she told the scientists, and difficult to use.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 笨重的; 累赘的，难以携带的; 缓慢复杂的，冗长的; 麻烦的
分布：笨重的(77%)，不方便的(23%)
→来自cumber,拖累。
笨重的;碍手脚的(cumber+some有点...的→有障碍的)[cub,cumb=liedown,表示"躺";cumber=barrier,表示"躺的东西,障碍"]
笨重的(cumber障碍物)[-some表形容词"充满…的,具有...倾向的"]
【记】源于：cumber（v 阻碍）cumb＝cub睡，er－睡在路上的人－妨碍行车。
【参】recumbent（adj 靠着的；斜躺着的）
【反】easy to handle（易于处理的）
US [-bɚ-] adjective
■awkward because of being large, heavy or not effective 笨重的；累赘的；低效的
• cumbersome equipment 笨重的设备
• cumbersome bureaucracy 繁琐的官僚体制
adj. 笨重的；累赘的；难处理的
 - problem, hulking

Word: misplace
Front: misplace
[ˌmɪsˈpleɪs] (14641/18446)
Vocabulary: misplace
(once / 2582 pages)
v
When you misplace your car keys, you can't remember where you put them. In other words, you temporarily lose them.
You can use the verb misplace when you can't find something. If you misplace your favorite coffee cup, you'll be annoyed, but if you misplace your wallet it could cause you real problems. The word implies that the object isn't gone for good, but that you unthinkingly put it down somewhere. When you combine the prefix mis-, which means "bad or wrong," and place, you get misplace — as in placing something in a bad spot!
WORD FAMILY
misplace: misplaced, misplacement, misplaces, misplacing+/ displace: displaced, displacement, displaces, displacing/ displacement: displacements/ implacable: implacably/misplacement: misplacements/placable: implacable, placably/ place: displace, misplace, placable, placeable, placed, placement, places, placing/placed: unplaced/placement: placements
USAGE EXAMPLES
In January 1961, President Eisenhower warned of the “unwarranted influence” and “potential for the disastrous rise of misplaced power” by the “military-industrial complex.”
Salon(Jan 01, 2017)
The state cites defense attorneys’ “wildly exaggerated and misplaced arguments” to say that the secrecy provisions should be upheld.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
In the rush of the holidays, it’s easy to misplace items, Grady said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vt. 把（感情等）寄托于不值得寄托的对象; 忘记把…放在什么地方，把…放错位置
时态：misplaced, misplacing, misplaces
分布：错放(72%)，误给(28%)
verb transitive
■to lose something temporarily by forgetting where you have put it 随意搁置；乱放而一时找不到
• She misplaced her keys so often that her secretary used to carry spare ones for her. 她经常记不起她的锁匙放在哪里，因此她的秘书常为她带着备用锁匙。
misplace, lose, miss
这组词都有“丢失，遗失”的意思，其区别是：
misplace: 指反映东西放错或故意放错地方。
lose: 最普通用词，侧重遗失了，难以找回来。
miss: 着重发觉某人或某物不见的瞬间，也可作思念解。

Word: illiquid
Front: illiquid
[ɪ'lɪkwɪd] (35248/42672)
Back: adj. 非现金的，无流动资金的
分布：非现金的(50%)，非流动资金的(25%)，不能立即变现的(25%)
adj. 无流动资金的；非现金的
 - noncash, in-kind

Word: hamburg
Front: hamburg
[ˈhæmbə:ɡ] (-/10020)
Back: n. 碎牛肉，牛肉饼
分布：名词(100%)

Word: sewage
Front: sewage
[ˈsu:ɪdʒ] (雅 7208/6530 -1)
Vocabulary: sewage
(once / 3414 pages)
n
The waste water that flows down drains and through pipes from toilets and sinks is called sewage. There's nothing quite like smelling sewage on a hot summer day.
Have you ever wondered where the soapy, dirty water from your washing machine goes after your clothes are clean? It flows down the drain into a pipe, and is carried with other sewage out to the street and your city's wastewater system, or into a private septic tank. Sewage comes from the now-obsolete verb sew, "to drain or draw off water."
WORD FAMILY
sewage: sewages
USAGE EXAMPLES
And they’re pushing their leaders to deny connection to the public sewage system the mosque would need.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
EPA Victoria publishes alerts on its website to help beachgoers around Port Phillip Bay avoid hazards like sewage spills and jellyfish.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
There’s hardly any sewage treatment in Haiti more than six years after the worst epidemic of cholera in recent history began here.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. （下水道里的）污物; 下水道; 污水
分布：污水(95%)，污物(5%)
→来自 sew,排污，排水，-age,名词后缀。
noun uncountable
■waste matter such as water or human urine or solid waste 污水；污物
• Some cities in the world do not have proper facilities for the disposal of sewage. 世界上的某些城市没有适当的污水处理设施。
• Raw/untreated sewage is being pumped into the sea, from where it pollutes our beaches. 未经处理的污水被排入大海，污染了我们的海滩。
■the system of carrying away waste water and human waste from houses and other buildings through large underground pipes or passages 排污系统
n. [环境] 污水；下水道；污物
 - wastewater, polluted water

Word: monastery
Front: monastery
[ˈmɒnəstri] (宝 8072/6031 -1)
Vocabulary: monastery
(once / 419 pages)
n
A monastery is the building where monks live while they’re practicing their religion. Some monasteries are occupied by hundreds of monks, and sometimes only one monk lives there all alone.
Christians have a church, Jews have a synagogue, and monks have a monastery, which serves not only as their holy place of worship, but also where they eat and sleep. You’ll use the world mostly when referring to monks, but there are some monasteries for Catholic nuns. The Greek word monastērion means “a place to live alone,” and monks and nuns go to a monastery to focus on their religion in isolation, away from the rest of the world.
WORD FAMILY
monastery: monasteries
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is one of three monasteries of the original branch of the scholarly, monastic order operating today.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
New Year's Eve night is spent in prayer vigil, a practice common in many monasteries and convents.
BBC(Dec 22, 2016)
“The say they do not live in a closed monastery with walls,” he said.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 修道院，寺院; [复数]全体僧侣
分布：修道院(70%)，寺院(30%)
→来自希腊语monasterion,来自monos,单个的，独自的，词源同monk.-terion,表地点。即一个人住的地方，后用于指修道院，隐修院。
僧院(monast一个人住+ery)[-ery 1.表名词"场所,地点"2.表名词"行为,情况"]
US ['mɑ:.nə.ster.i] noun countable
■a building in which monks live and worship 修道院；寺院；隐修院 Compare convent ; nunnery
n. 修道院；僧侣
 - monk, Grazie

Word: existent
Front: existent
[ɪgˈzɪstənt] (雅 27320/25547)
Back: adj. 存在的，生存的，现存的
n. 存在的事物，生存者
分布：存在的(83%)，目前的(7%)，现行的(4%)，实在者(3%)，生存物(3%)
[ɪg'zɪs.tənt] formal
adjective
■existing now 现存的，现有的
• This carving is believed to be the only existent image of Saint Frideswide. 有人认为这座雕像是唯一现存的圣佛雷德斯维德的塑像。
adj. 存在的；生存的
 - in being

Word: outset
Front: outset
[ˈaʊtset] (研四六托雅宝 7964/5658 -2)
Back: n. 开始，开端
分布：开始(94%)，开端(6%)
→out-,向外，set,建立，开始。
n.开始,开端At the outset this set of setting settled the offset problem of the kettle.在开始,这一套设置解决了水壶的弥补问题.
【记】源于：set out（开始；出发）
PHRASE
在开始时/ 从一开始
If something happens at the outset of an event, process, or period of time, it happens at the beginning of it. If something happens from the outset it happens from the beginning and continues to happen.
例：Decide at the outset what kind of learning programme you want to follow...开始时就选定自己的学习方案。
例：From the outset he had put his trust in me, the son of his old friend.他从一开始就很信任我这个他老朋友的儿子。
n. 开始；开端
 - beginning, threshold, opening, conception, origin

Word: desperation
Front: desperation
[ˌdespəˈreɪʃn] (7496/7652 -1)
Vocabulary: desperation
(once / 959 pages)
n
Desperation is a hopeless state. If you learned that your friend had sold her beloved shoe collection, you'd know she did it out of desperation.
When you've lost hope or have run out of possible solutions to a problem, you're experiencing desperation. The word implies a reckless kind of frustration. For example, a person who hasn't eaten in three days might steal food out of desperation. The origin of the word traces back to the Latin desperare, "to lose all hope," which is formed from the prefix de-, "without," added to sperare, "hope."
WORD FAMILY
desperation: desperations+/ desperate: desperately, desperates, desperatest, desperation
USAGE EXAMPLES
When the Minnesota Vikings traded for Sam Bradford in September the move was one of desperation.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
A blitzing Foster pressured Browning into the desperation heave that Anderson swiped for a 17-7 halftime lead.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Eventually, in a fit of abject, sweat-drenched desperation, a solution appeared like a ray of light from heaven.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 绝望; 孤注一掷; 铤而走险; 拼命
分布：绝望(94%)，铤而走险(6%)
绝望;拼命(desperate+ion)[Sper=hope,表示"希望"]
noun uncountable
RISKY 冒险
■the feeling that you have when you are in such a bad situation that you are willing to take risks in order to change it 破釜沉舟，拼死一搏
• There was a note of desperation in his voice. 他的声线里流露出破釜沉舟的决心。
• In desperation, they jumped out of the window to escape the fire. 情急之下，他们跳出窗户躲避大火。
• an act of desperation 破釜沉舟之举
[ˌdes.pə'reɪ.ʃən] noun uncountable
WANTING 想要
■when you need or want something very much 急需；渴求
• his desperation to survive 他强烈的求生欲望
disappointment, despair, desperation, depression
这组词都有“绝望、沮丧”的意思，其区别是：
disappointment: 多指愿望或期望的落空。
despair: 普通用词，指因灾难等因素而丧失希望和信心，陷入沮丧，绝望的境地。
desperation: 语气强烈，指因绝望而使人采取无所顾忌的疯狂行动。
depression: 侧重指因遭受重大失利或挫折而产生的低落情绪。

Word: overdo
Front: overdo
[ˌəʊvəˈdu:] (14137/13709 -1)
Back: vt. 做得过分; 使过于疲劳; 夸张; 耗尽
时态：overdid, overdone, overdoing, overdoes
分布：使用过多(34%)，煮得过久(33%)，做或表现得过分(33%)
→over-,超过，过度，do,做。
US [ˌoʊ.vɚ-] (overdid, overdone)
verb transitive
■to do something in a way that is too extreme 把…做得过头（或过火）
• After a heart attack you have to be careful not to overdo it/things (= you have to work and live calmly). 有过心脏病后，你要小心了，凡事都要适度。
vt. 把…做得过分；使过于疲劳；对…表演过火；夸张
 - put it on, pile it on
vi. 做得过分；表演过火
 - ham

Word: assorted
Front: assorted
[əˈsɔ:tɪd] (托雅宝 9756/11479 -1)
Vocabulary: assorted
(once / 2922 pages)
adj
An assorted group of things are different from each other. Assorted presents could include a gift certificate, a bike, and a stuffed animal.
This is a word for things that aren't like each other but are in the same grouping anyway. Assorted books are on many different topics. Assorted candies are a bunch of different candies; a bag of Milky Ways can't be assorted. This word is all about difference and variety. An assorted group can also be described as miscellaneous, mixed, motley, or sundry.
WORD FAMILY
assort: assorted, assorting, assortment, assorts+/ assortment: assortments
USAGE EXAMPLES
Signature confirmed with its 2007 facility’s builders that the roof was designed to support the steel ramps, assorted set pieces and live humans.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Wyatt Cenac hosts a special seasonal edition of his weekly comedy show, which regularly features both visiting and local comics alongside music and assorted shenanigans.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
The lengthy power list includes 74 assorted elected officials, politicians, rulers, entrepreneurs, economic wizards, billionaires, CEOs and clergy.
Washington Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: adj. 各式各样的; 五颜六色的; 混杂的
分布：各种各样的(68%)，配合的(11%)，适合的(7%)，各色俱备的(7%)，动词assort的过去式和过去分词.(7%)
→前缀as- 同ad-. sort, 类别。
各种各样的(as+sort+ed→把各种东西放到一起,如：assortedcandy什锦糖果)[sort=kind,表示"种类"]
US [-'sɔ:r.tˌɪd] adjective
■consisting of various types mixed together 各种各样的；混杂的；杂锦的
• a case of assorted wines 混装于一箱的不同品牌的酒
adj. 组合的；各种各样的；混杂的
 - various, combined

Word: clerical
Front: clerical
[ˈklerɪkl] (11054/5991 -1)
Vocabulary: clerical
(once / 1145 pages)
1adj 2adj
Anything related to office work is called clerical, especially the more menial and boring jobs such as filing and administration. You might say "The Office" is a clerical comedy.
In older times clerical had an additional common meaning of referring to anything to do with the clergy — those ordained for religious work, usually in the Christian faith. Clerical comes from the old Latin term clericus, meaning a "churchman," from which cleric later came, meaning a priest or religious leader. To have "a clerical air" means to be clearly identifiable either as an ink-stained office wretch or a member of the cloth.
WORD FAMILY
clerical: clericalism, clerically+/clericalism: clericalisms, clericalist/clericalist: clericalists
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the days that followed, Galarza called his lawyer, who told him the felony on his record was likely the result of a clerical error.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The resort insisted this was due to a clerical error.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
Prosecutors said that showed he learned of the clerical error while in prison, and feared further court action would call attention to the clerk’s mistake.
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 文书或办事员的; 教士的，牧师的; 教权主义的
n. 牧师，教士; 牧师服，教士服
分布：牧师(72%)，书记的(14%)，事务上的(7%)，抄写员的(7%)
adjective
OFFICE WORK 办公室工作的
■relating to work done in an office 办公室工作的；办事员工作的；文书工作的
• a clerical job (= a job performing general office duties). 文书工作
• a clerical error (= a mistake made in the office) （办公时的）笔误
['kler.ɪ.kəl] adjective
PRIEST 牧师
■relating to a priest or priests 牧师的，神职人员的
• clerical ministry 牧师职务
adj. 书记的；牧师的；办事员的
 - secretarial, ministerial
n. 牧师
 - minister, priest, preacher

Word: afloat
Front: afloat
[əˈfləʊt] (11249/13781 -1)
Vocabulary: afloat
(once / 1000 pages)
adj
If something's afloat, it's drifting on the water. When you sail toy boats, you set them afloat across a pond or lake.
You can set something afloat, like an inner tube in a pool or a leaf on a stream, or you can struggle to stay afloat, as when the passengers of a capsized boat try to keep their heads above water. In either case, being afloat means floating on the surface. The Old English word is aflote, from a Germanic root word.
WORD FAMILY
afloat
USAGE EXAMPLES
Afloat, Raban writes, he found a “sea-distance” that matched his sense of estrangement from Britain, and the grounding stability that eluded him on land.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Dave Goodside kept the Beach Cafe restaurant open, borrowing money, laying off employees and sometimes working nonstop to remain afloat.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The people trying to enter the U.S. illegally were struggling to stay afloat when they were spotted by agents late Monday night.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. & adv. 在船上（的）; 浮在水面（的）; 漂流着的; 漂浮不定
adj. 在船上（的）
分布：在流传中(28%)，浸满水的(18%)，漂浮的(18%)，无欠债的(9%)，在流传中的(9%)，免于经济困难地(9%)，飘浮地(9%)
US [-'floʊt] adjective [after verb]
■floating on water （在水中）漂浮的
• She spent seven days afloat on a raft. 她在一只木筏上漂流了七天。
• He managed to keep/stay afloat by holding on to the side of the boat. 他抓住了船舷才使自己没有沉到水底。
■having enough money to pay what you owe 有偿债能力的；经济上周转自如的
• Many small businesses are struggling to stay/keep afloat. 许多小企业只能勉强维持经营。
adj. 在海上的；飘浮的；浸满水的；在传播的
 - waterlogged

Word: shave
Front: shave
[ʃeɪv] (高研四六雅 5779/7191 -K2)
Back: vt. & vi. 剃须，剃毛
vt. 剃，削去; 修剪; 切成薄片; 掠过
n. 刮脸，剃胡子; 修面; <口>侥幸逃过，幸免; 剃刀，刮刀
时态：shaved, shaving, shaves
分布：刮(42%)，剃(32%)，剃须(10%)，修面(7%)，剃刀(4%)，掠过(3%)，修剪(2%)
→来自古英语 sceafan,刮，剃，来自 Proto-Germanic*skaban,刮，剃，来自 skep,切，削，剪， 词源同 ship,shape.引申词义刮脸，剃须等。
v.剃,刮,刨,削n.刮脸You need a shave.你需要剃胡子了.
verb intransitive or transitive
 ADVANCED
■to remove hair from the body, especially a man's face, by cutting it close to the skin with a razor , so that the skin feels smooth 剃去（尤指脸）上的毛发；剃（毛发）
• John has to shave twice a day. 约翰每天得刮两次脸。
• I always shave my legs in the bath. 我总是在洗澡的时候剃腿上的汗毛。
• Do you shave under your arms? 你刮腋毛吗？
• When my dad shaved his beard (off) , he looked ten years younger. 我爸爸刮完胡子后，看起来年轻了十岁。
[ʃeɪv] verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  shave sth off/from sth
■to cut a very thin piece from an object or surface 从…刨掉，自…削掉（薄薄的一层）
• She shaved a few millimetres off the bottom of the door, so that it would open more easily. 她把门的底部刨掉了几毫米，这样开门就容易些了。
[ʃeɪv] verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  shave sth off sth (also shave sth by sth)
■to reduce something by the stated amount 将…减少（特定之量）
• The new high speed trains will shave 25 minutes off the journey time. 新的高速列车将使旅途的时间缩短25分钟。
• Our prices have been shaved by 5%! 我们的价格下降了5%！
[ʃeɪv] noun countable
■the act of shaving, especially a man's face 剃毛发；（尤指）刮脸，修面
• I need a shave. 我需要刮一下脸。
• He washed and had a shave. 他洗了把脸，又刮了胡子。
vt. 剃；修面；掠过
 - razor, oversweep
vi. 剃；刮脸；勉强通过
 - scrape through, squeeze through

Word: exemplify
Front: exemplify
[ɪgˈzemplɪfaɪ] (研六托雅宝 7776/7249 -1)
Vocabulary: exemplify
(once / 1467 pages)
v
If you exemplify something, you're the perfect example of it. Say you wear frilly shirts, knee-high boots, and black eye-make-up — you exemplify the fashion world's obsession with pirates.
Exemplifying something can also mean make it clearer by offering an illustration or an example. If you want to exemplify your argument that, say, pirate gear is fashionable, you might want to show your friends some pictures of celebrities wearing eye patches.
WORD FAMILY
exemplify: exemplification, exemplified, exemplifies, exemplifying+/counterexample: counterexamples/ example: counterexample, examples, exemplary, exemplify, unexampled/ exemplary: exemplarily/exemplification: exemplifications
USAGE EXAMPLES
Democratic centralism still prevails—exemplified by the party’s monopoly on power, Xi Jinping’s autocratic rule and the suppression of dissent.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
“This epidemic hits everybody, and I think my situation exemplifies that.”
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The issue is exemplified by the last drug to win FDA approval in 2016.
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: vt. 是…的典型; 例示，举例证明; [法]复印，制成核正誊本
时态：exemplified, exemplifying, exemplifies
分布：例证(85%)，示范(15%)
举例说明(ex+empl+ify)[em,empt,ampl=take,procure,表示"拿,获得"]
v.举例证明;示范;作...的范例[榜样]For example, this simple sample similar to his can be exemplified.例如,这件与他的相似的简单样品可以作为例证.
verb transitive
■to be or give a typical example of something 作为…的典范（或范例、典型、榜样等）；举例说明
• This painting perfectly exemplifies the naturalistic style which was so popular at the time. 这幅油画是那个时期风靡一时的自然主义风格的完美典范。
vt. 例证；例示
 - example of, instantiate

Word: frugal
Front: frugal
[ˈfru:gl] (托雅宝 16538/20724 -1)
Vocabulary: frugal
(once / 1326 pages)
adj
A person who lives simply and economically can be called frugal. Buying clothes at a consignment shop would be considered frugal. Not getting your mom a gift for her birthday — that's just cheap.
Thrifty, spartan, and prudent are synonyms for frugal, a word that often has positive connotations when used to describe a person who lives a simple life. "The question for retailers is whether shoppers will remain frugal or slowly resume their old spending habits whenever they get more money in their pockets," wrote The Wall Street Journal. You might also speak of "a frugal meal" — a very plain, cheap one. The word is from Latin frux, meaning "fruit" (in the sense of "profit").
WORD FAMILY
frugal: frugalest, frugality, frugally, frugalness+/ frugality: frugalities
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Ahmeds were so frugal that their benefactors sometimes worried whether they were buying enough to eat.
New York Times(Jun 30, 2016)
Why Inditex is different remains slightly mysterious, partly because its financial disclosure is so frugal.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 14, 2016)
Ma says he is more frugal than his friends.
Reuters(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: adj. 节省的，节俭的; 朴素的; 花钱少的; 约
分布：节俭的(92%)，省钱的(8%)
→来自fructus, 果实，词源同fruit. 原义为丰产的，丰富的，衍生词义节约的，节俭的，即节俭才能富裕之义。比较thrive, 繁盛，thrift，节俭。
【反】sumptuous（adj 奢侈华丽的）；prodigal（adj 浪费的）
adjective
■careful when using money or food, or (of a meal) cheap or small in amount 节俭的；朴素的；（食物）简单的，廉价的
• a frugal lifestyle 节俭的生活方式
• a frugal meal of bread and soup 只有面包和汤的便宜饭食
adj. 节俭的；朴素的；花钱少的
 - plain, provident

Word: incomplete
Front: incomplete
[ˌɪnkəmˈpli:t] (六 6938/7055 -1)
Vocabulary: incomplete
(once / 949 pages)
adj
Something incomplete is missing a part or unfinished. Incomplete things are not whole. A football pass that falls short is incomplete and so is an outfit without a shirt. A bridge to nowhere? Incomplete.
Incomplete describes things that are missing something. A chess set with a lost piece is incomplete. Incomplete also means “unfinished,” like that incomplete bridge to nowhere. People often feel their lives are incomplete until they do something like have a family or make a certain amount of money. You might get an incomplete grade for a class if your teacher is going to let you make up work you missed. When something's incomplete, part of that thing is missing or undone
WORD FAMILY
incomplete: incompletely, incompleteness, incompleter, incompletest+/ complete: completed, completely, completeness, completes, completest, completing, completion, incomplete, uncomplete/completed: uncompleted/ completion: completions/incompleteness: incompletenesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
The purpose of the press is to inform and educate, not mislead with incomplete information presented as facts.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
As with all stories, it contained elements of truth, and, as with all stories, it was incomplete.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
Osweiler was sacked and threw incomplete on fourth down as Tennessee held on.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 不完全的; 未完成的; 不完备的; 片
分布：不完整的(65%)，不完全的(35%)
→in-,不，非，complete,完整的。
adjective
■not having some parts, or not finished 不完整的；未完成的
• The decision was based on incomplete or inaccurate information. 该决定是基于不全面或不准确的资讯作出的。
• The building is still incomplete. 这座建筑物尚未完工。
adj. [数] [计] 不完全的；不完备的
 - half, synsemantic

Word: irresponsible
Front: irresponsible
[ˌɪrɪˈspɒnsəbl] (托 7972/9494 -1)
Vocabulary: irresponsible
(once / 1233 pages)
adj
If you're irresponsible, you're careless about the consequences of your actions. You can't really rely on irresponsible people.
Being irresponsible is the opposite of being responsible and careful — you do what you like and don't care what happens afterward. Forgetting to feed your dog for a week is irresponsible. Splashing around in a mud puddle in your new white pants is irresponsible. Drug use and unsafe sex are irresponsible. When the government runs up a huge deficit, many people think that's irresponsible. If you have to work with someone irresponsible, good luck: you're going to need it.
WORD FAMILY
irresponsible: irresponsibility, irresponsibleness, irresponsibly+/ irresponsibility: irresponsibilities/ responsibility: responsibilities/ responsible: irresponsible, responsibility, responsibleness, responsibly
USAGE EXAMPLES
I let them think I was an absentminded and irresponsible pre-teen.
Salon(Jan 01, 2017)
“While we reserve the right to respond, we will not drop to this level of irresponsible diplomacy,” the statement said.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Putin on Friday accused the United States of engaging in “irresponsible ‘kitchen’ diplomacy” and said Russia would retain its “right to retaliate.”
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 不负责任的; 不可靠的，缺乏责任心; [法律] 无责任能力的; 无需对更高一级权力负责的
n. 没有责任感的人; [法律] 无责任能力的人; 不被列入考虑的人
分布：不负责任的(96%)，不可靠的(3%)，没有承担能力的(1%)
→ir-,不，非，responsible,负责任的。
US [-'spɑ:nt-] disapproving
adjective
■not thinking carefully enough or not worrying about what might result from actions taken 不负责任的，无责任感的
• [+ to infinitive] It would be irresponsible to ignore these warnings. 无视这些警告是不负责任的。
adj. 不负责任的；不可靠的
 - unreliable, trustless

Word: sprint
Front: sprint
[sprɪnt] (雅宝 8582/12269 -2)
Vocabulary: sprint
(once / 1350 pages)
vn
When you run really fast, you sprint. You and your sister might sprint to the bus stop, racing to see who can get there first.
In the sport of track and field, a sprint is a short race that's run at top speed the whole way. Two professional cyclists also sprint when they race on bikes that start out side-by-side. If you notice a swarm of angry wasps heading your direction, you can sprint indoors, hoping you move faster than they do. Sprint has a Scandinavian root, possibly the Old Norse word spretta, "to jump up."
WORD FAMILY
sprint: sprinted, sprinter, sprinting, sprints+/sprinter: sprinters
USAGE EXAMPLES
"When the players are sprinting it is hard for the referees, I am the first to say that. "But the players were walking.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Soon he was followed by sprinting, dancing teammates who were quickly engulfed in hugs and confetti.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The junior confidently drilled the Rose Bowl winner, sprinting away to celebrate amid pandemonium in the packed stadium.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: vi. 冲刺，全速短跑
n. 全速短跑; 速度或活动的突然爆发
时态：sprinted, sprinting, sprints
分布：冲刺(95%)，短距离赛跑(3%)，全力奔跑(2%)
→词源可能同 spring,弹，跳，蹦。引申词义短跑，冲刺。
【记】跑得像print印刷一样快就是sprint
verb intransitive
■to run as fast as you can over a short distance, either in a race or because you are in a great hurry to get somewhere 短距离快速奔跑，冲刺
• We had to sprint to catch the bus. 我们不得不飞奔赶上公车。
[sprɪnt] noun
countable
■a short and very fast race, such as the 100-metre race, or the last part of a longer running race which is run as fast as possible 短跑；（长距离赛跑的）冲刺
• the 100-metre sprint 百米短跑
only singular
■a very fast run that someone makes when they are in a great hurry to get somewhere （短距离）全速奔跑
• He suddenly broke into (= started) a sprint. 他突然开始飞奔起来。
vi. 冲刺，全速跑
 - spurt
n. 冲刺；短跑
 - spurt

Word: parental
Front: parental
[pəˈrentl] (雅 4103/4846)
Vocabulary: parental
(once / 1487 pages)
adj
Someone who's parental acts the way a typical mother or father does. A parental kindergarten teacher might pat students' heads and call them "sweetheart."
You can use the adjective parental to describe a motherly or fatherly person, like your parental uncle who attends all your school plays. It also describes something generally related to parents — like parental leave, a work benefit that allows new parents to take some time off to care for their baby; or a parental advisory, which warns parents about the content of an audio recording. The Latin root of parental is parens, "father or mother."
WORD FAMILY
parental: parentally+/ parent: parentage, parental, parented, parenthood, parenting, parentless, parents/parentage: parentages/parented: unparented
USAGE EXAMPLES
Toward the end of her life, she questions whether her daughter is “doing what Avedon did” — creating an unforgiving parental portrait.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Federal law only requires up to 12 weeks of unpaid parental leave for the majority of government and private-sector employees.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
In Seattle a misdemeanor malicious harassment law extends those protections to include gender identity, homelessness, marital status, political ideology, age and parental status.
Seattle Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 父母的; 亲代的; [生]（杂种）亲本的; 作为来源[渊源]的
分布：父母的(100%)
US [-tˌəl] adjective
■connected with parents or with being a parent 父母的；父亲的；母亲的
• parental advice/influence 父母的忠告／影响
• The government repeatedly stressed its support for parental choice in the selection of a child's school. 政府一再强调其支持父母在为孩子选校上的选择。

Word: mentality
Front: mentality
[menˈtæləti] (雅 6544/9710 -1)
Vocabulary: mentality
(once / 2521 pages)
n
A mentality is a way of thinking or the ability to think and learn. If someone says you have the mentality of a kindergartener, that's great if you’re in kindergarten, but if you're in tenth grade, they're probably calling you immature.
An obvious part of the noun mentality is the word "mental," which means "of the mind." How your mind works is your mentality, either in a way that's measured in school or testing, or in the way you think about things. A learned way of thinking comes from experiences; for example you might have a competitive mentality at mealtime because you share a table with nine brothers and sisters.
WORD FAMILY
mentality: mentalities+/ mental: mentaler, mentalism, mentality, mentally
USAGE EXAMPLES
"We're still in that mentality of, 'If we stop, then they win.'"
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“We think the mentality must be changed,” Mr. Lu said in an interview.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
“My mentality is to run hard throughout the game and eventually wear down the defense,” Ajayi said.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 心理; 智力; 思想; 精神力
分布：心理状态(52%)，智力(40%)，精神性(8%)
→来自mental,心理的，-ity,名词后缀。
智力;精神(mental精神的+ity)[ment=mind,表示"思考,神智"]
US [-tˌi] noun countable usually singular
■a person's particular way of thinking about things 心态，心性，思想方法
• I can't understand the mentality of people who hurt defenceless animals. 对于那些会伤害毫无自卫能力的动物的人，我无法理解究竟他们是甚么心态。
• He hopes that closer links between Britain and the rest of Europe will change the British mentality towards foreigners. 他希望英国与其他欧洲国家更为密切的关系可以改变英国人对外国人的心态。
n. 心态； [心理] 智力；精神力；头脑作用
 - intelligence, brain

Word: caliphate
Front: caliphate
[ˈkælɪfeɪt] (26404/-)
Back: n. 伊斯兰教国王的职权或其领域

Word: unwind
Front: unwind
[ˌʌnˈwaɪnd] (13945/14741 -1)
Vocabulary: unwind
(once / 3626 pages)
v
The literal meaning of the verb unwind is exactly what it sounds like — the opposite of "wind," or twist. But when someone says they need to unwind, they mean that they need to relax.
When you come inside on a cold, snowy day, you might first unwind the scarf from around your neck, loosening and untwisting it. If you then grab a cup of hot chocolate and put your feet up on the coffee table, you’ll feel yourself start to unwind, or become less tense. Unwind has been in use since the fourteenth century, but the figurative meaning of “to relax” dates only from the mid-twentieth century.
WORD FAMILY
unwind: unwinded, unwinding, unwinds, unwound+/ wind: unwind, winded, winder, winding, windless, winds, windy/winded: windedest, windedly/winder: winders/ winding: self-winding, windingly, windings/windless: windlessly, windlessness/windy: windier, windiest, windily, windiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
As these positions are unwound, oil prices could see some selling, market participants said.
Reuters(Nov 30, 2016)
After such a heady few hours, I need to refuel my stomach and unwind.
Washington Times(Nov 27, 2016)
The “Unwind/Path” series features interlaced, loosely rendered loops in one or two other colors besides the recurring one.
Washington Post(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 展开，从缠绕中解开; （使）心情轻松
vi. 放松，解开，松开
时态：unwound, unwinding, unwinds
分布：放松(71%)，解开(18%)，松开(11%)
→un-, 使相反，wind, 缠绕。
【记】un不，wind（v 缠绕）：松开
[ʌn'waɪnd] (unwound, unwound)
verb
UNFASTEN 解开
   intransitive or transitive
■If you unwind something that is wrapped around an object, you unfasten it, and if it unwinds, it becomes unfastened 解开，打开，松开（卷绕之物）
• In a nearby medical tent, a US Army doctor gently unwinds Metruk's bandage. 在附近的一个医疗帐篷里，一名美国军医轻轻解开了麦特鲁克的绷带。
[ʌn'waɪnd] (unwound, unwound)
verb
RELAX 放松
   intransitive (also wind down)
■to relax and allow your mind to be free from worry after a period of work or some other activity that has made you worried 放松；轻松
• A glass of wine in the evening helps me to unwind after work. 晚上一杯酒能让我在工作后放松一下。
vt. 放松；解开； [计] 展开
 - relax, lighten up
vi. 放松；解开；松开
 - relax, lighten up

Word: frown
Front: frown
[fraʊn] (研四六托雅 4784/3759 -2)
Vocabulary: frown
(once / 250 pages)
nv
If you frown at someone, you look at them with disapproval, and if you frown on something they do, you don't approve of that either. Because you frown on smoking, you probably frown at smokers too!
The distant ancestors of frown, the ones that came long before Old French, meant "nose." Think about the expression, to look down one's nose at someone or something, which means "to disapprove of." If you have a frown on your face, you definitely don't like what you see! Sometimes when you're thinking hard about something, you might frown, but that is probably more of an expression of concentration than disapproval.
WORD FAMILY
frown: frowned, frowning, frowns+/frowning: frowningly
USAGE EXAMPLES
In fact, the grownup world is usually frowning at the whole idea of being in something as disreputable as a pop group.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
There were too many frowns for the coach along the way.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Such overindulgence is frowned upon in this era of increased focus on nutrition.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 皱眉; 不同意; 蹙额
n. 皱眉，蹙额
时态：frowned, frowning, frowns
分布：皱眉(70%)，皱眉头(15%)，不悦(9%)，不同意(6%)
→来自古法语frognier, 皱眉，哼鼻子。可能来自拟声词，模仿哼鼻子的声音，表达不满。引申词义皱眉。
v.皱眉At the dawn on the lawn the yawning drowned man began to frown.拂晓时在草坪上,打呵欠的溺水者开始皱眉头.
verb intransitive
 ADVANCED
■to bring your eyebrows together so that there are lines on your face above your eyes to show that you are annoyed or worried 皱眉；蹙额
• She frowned at me, clearly annoyed. 她皱着眉头看着我，显然是生气了。
• He frowned as he read the instructions, as if puzzled. 他看说明书时皱着眉头，一副迷惑不解的样子。
[fraʊn] verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [often passive] frown on/upon sth
■to disapprove of something 不赞成；不许
• Smoking is frowned upon in many restaurants. 很多餐馆里都禁止吸烟。
vi. 皱眉；不同意
 - disagree with, to disapprove of
n. 皱眉，蹙额
 - mowe

Word: centrifuge
Front: centrifuge
[ˈsentrɪfju:dʒ] (34926/30138)
Vocabulary: centrifuge
(once / 14683 pages)
nv
That ride at the fair that spins you around until you stick to the walls? The device in your washing machine that spins your clothes around quickly to get the water out of them? Those are centrifuges.
Centrifuges are used mostly in science. In this application, centrifugal force — the force from spinning that moves things away from the center — separates liquids that have different weights. For example, a centrifuge is used to separate blood cells from plasma cells. When the blood is spun in the centrifuge, the heavier plasma cells separate from the lighter blood cells, and can be collected for other uses.
WORD FAMILY
centrifuge: centrifugation, centrifuged, centrifuges, centrifuging
USAGE EXAMPLES
“American officials believe,” the Times wrote, that the tubes “were intended as components of centrifuges to enrich uranium.”
Slate(Dec 12, 2016)
In the months that followed, I practiced wielding the dipstick and centrifuge, and trained my eyes to recognize clues under the microscope.
Washington Post(Nov 22, 2016)
Tehran, in return, already has shipped out most of its stockpile of enriched uranium and mothballed thousands of centrifuge machines.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 11, 2016)
Back: n. 离心机
vt. 使离心，以离心机分离
时态：centrifuged, centrifuging, centrifuges
分布：离心分离机(100%)
→center, 中心。-fug，逃离，见fugitive.
【记】centri中心，fug逃跑－逃离中心－离心机
【参】refugee（n 避难者）；fugitive（n 逃犯）；centrifugal（adj 离心的）
noun countable
■a machine which turns a container round very quickly, causing the solids and liquids inside it to separate by centrifugal action 离心机
n. [机] [化工] 离心机；离心分离机
 - centrifugal machine, centrifugal separator

Word: condemnation
Front: condemnation
[ˌkɒndemˈneɪʃn] (托 9852/8574)
Vocabulary: condemnation
(once / 815 pages)
1n 2n 3n 4n
Condemnation is the act of declaring something awful or evil. If your little brother does something unspeakably awful, express your condemnation so he will learn not to do it again.
Condemnation comes from the verb condemn, "to strongly disapprove." You might criticize something that you still think is worthwhile, but if you express condemnation, that’s laying a heavy moral blame. Condemnation is used in law, and means the same thing as sentencing; you might have heard a judge say “I condemn you to ten years of hard labor.” Also, a very dangerous building will be sealed up and deemed uninhabitable by an act of condemnation.
WORD FAMILY
condemnation: condemnations, self-condemnation+/ condemn: condemnable, condemnation, condemnatory, condemned, condemning, condemns/condemnable: condemnably/condemning: condemningly
USAGE EXAMPLES
And global condemnations notwithstanding, the trend is poised to accelerate.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
There was condemnation from around the world as well as inside Turkey.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
The nightclub attack drew quick condemnation from the West and Russia.
Time(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 谴责; 定罪; 谴责（或定罪）的理由; 征用
分布：谴责(88%)，定罪(7%)，非难(4%)，宣布有罪(1%)
谴责[demn=harm表示"伤害"]
【反】approbation（n 认可）；exaltation（n 提升；赞美）；panegyric（n 颂词）；
US [ˌkɑ:n-] noun countable or uncountable
■when you condemn something or someone 谴责，指责，声讨
• The shooting of the policeman has received universal condemnation. 枪杀员警事件受到了大众的一致谴责。
n. 谴责；定罪；非难的理由；征用
 - conviction, denunciation

Word: incapable
Front: incapable
[ɪnˈkeɪpəbl] (六 7779/6335 -1)
Vocabulary: incapable
(once / 399 pages)
adj
When — even when you want to go to your friends' party — you're incapable of telling your mother you are going to miss her birthday dinner, it means you just can't do it, and that you're a good person. Incapable means "unable."
If incapable means "unable," does capable mean "able"? Yes, but capable also can mean good at getting things done in general, while incapable less often has such a general meaning. You would say, "I'm incapable of making a decent loaf of bread." You'd be less likely to say, "I'm incapable in the kitchen."
WORD FAMILY
incapable: incapability, incapableness, incapably+/ capability: capabilities/ capable: capability, capableness, capabler, capablest, capably, incapable /incapability: incapabilities
USAGE EXAMPLES
If they do something really inappropriate, for example hit another child, you seem to be incapable of reacting with the seriousness such behaviour warrants.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
“Are you truly incapable of shame?” thundered U.S.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
The credibility of worthy institutions is at stake when they are totally incapable of addressing their founding principles.
The New Yorker(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 无能力的，不会的; 不能的; [法]没有资格的; 不舞之鹤
分布：无能力的(86%)，不胜任的(14%)
→in-,不，非，capable,有能力的。
无能力的(in+capable有能力的)[im-,in-①表示"不,无,非"②表示"向内,进入"]
【记】capable（adj 有能力的）；incapacity（n 无能力）
adjective
■unable to do something 不会的；不能胜任的
• He seems incapable of walking past a music shop without going in and buying another CD. 他似乎做不到经过唱片行却不进去再买张CD。
• I think she's incapable of love. 我觉得她不懂得如何爱别人。
adj. 不能的；无能力的；不能胜任的
 - unable, powerless

Word: overcrowd
Front: overcrowd
[ˌəʊvə'kraʊd] (19573/14984)
Back: vt. 使过度拥挤，把…塞得太满
时态：overcrowded, overcrowding, overcrowds
分布：动词(100%)

Word: ridge
Front: ridge
[rɪdʒ] (研四六托雅宝 4853/4003 -2)
Vocabulary: ridge
(once / 217 pages)
1nv 2v
A ridge is a long, narrow, elevated strip of land or any raised strip or band. A ridge is a line that rises above what it is attached to.
Think of a ridge as a combination between rim and edge. From the Old English hrycg, meaning “back of the man or beast” or “the top or crest” of something (combined, the senses mean “backbone”), ridge is often used for the beam that joins the parts of a sloping roof. Ridge also refers to the line formed by hills or mountains, as in the Blue Ridge Mountains. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is made up of mountains that lie underneath the Atlantic Ocean.
WORD FAMILY
ridge: ridged, ridges, ridging
USAGE EXAMPLES
Bank Stadium operator SMG said in a statement that they apparently climbed over a guard rail to access the ridge truss.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
In a statement, stadium operator SMG says two people climbed over a guard rail to access the ridge truss.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
In November 2014, two months before Garfield started shooting Silence, Mel Gibson approached him about a role in Hacksaw Ridge.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 背脊，峰，隆起线; 山脊，山脉，海脊; 高压脊; 皱摺，田埂
vt. 使成脊状，使隆起
vi. 使成脊状
时态：ridged, ridging, ridges
分布：脊(72%)，山脊(21%)，山脉(6%)，隆起部(1%)
→来 自 古 英 语 hrycg, 人 的 背 部 ， 驮 畜 的 背 部 ， 来 自 Proto-Germanic*hrugjaz, 背 ， 来 自 skreuk,*sker,弯，转，词源同 ring,curve.后引申词义山脊，山脉。
n.岭,山脉;屋脊;鼻梁Riding on the ridge of the bridge, the proud bride shouts loudly to the cloud.骄傲的新娘骑在桥脊上对着云大声喊.
noun countable
■a long narrow raised part of a surface, especially a high edge along a mountain 脊；垄；尤指山脊
• We walked along the narrow mountain ridge. 我们沿着狭窄的山脊行进。
• figurative A ridge (= narrow area) of high pressure will bring good weather this afternoon. 今天下午高压脊将会带来好天气。
■the part of a roof where the sloping sides join at the top 屋脊
[rɪdʒ] noun countable
have been around the ridges Australian
■If you have been around the ridges, you have a lot of experience. 有丰富的经验
n. [地理] 山脊；山脉； [建] 屋脊
 - mountain range, cordillera

Word: simulation
Front: simulation
[ˌsɪmjuˈleɪʃn] (5678/7408 -1)
Vocabulary: simulation
(once / 6470 pages)
n
A simulation is a representation of something, not the real thing, like the simulation of life in New York City, seen in movies that were shot on Hollywood sound stages and on the streets of Toronto.
A simulation is something that represents something else — it isn't the real thing. At times you might perform a simulation as practice for real life, such as a flight simulation that’s used to train pilots. The word can also be used, often dismissively, to describe something that is a fake, like a simulation of excitement or the simulation of a perfect diamond.
WORD FAMILY
simulation: simulations+/ simulate: simulated, simulates, simulating, simulation, simulator/simulator: simulators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Those criteria helped LaClergue run a simulation: He allocated 5,000 units to the properties rated most likely to be developed.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
It is more of an interesting cartoon than an accurate simulation of the world.
Slate(Dec 26, 2016)
She participates in briefings that detail assignments, which usually involve live simulations as the enemy trying to keep pilots from their goal.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 模仿，模拟; [生]拟态，拟色; 假装; 装病
分布：仿真(64%)，模拟(35%)，赝品(1%)
→simulate,模拟，模仿，假装，冒充，-ion,名词后缀。
假装(wimulate+ion)[simil,simul,sembl=alike,same表示"相类似,一样"]
【记】simul像
【反】authentic article（真实的物品）
noun countable or uncountable
■a model of a set of problems or events that can be used to teach someone how to do something, or the process of making such a model 类比，模仿（一组问题或事件的模型，可用于教导某人如何做某事，或制作此类模型的过程）
• The manager prepared a computer simulation of likely sales performance for the rest of the year. 经理准备对该年度剩余时间内可能的销售业绩进行计算类比分析。
n. [计] 仿真；模拟；模仿；假装
 - acting, emulation, analog

Word: anecdote
Front: anecdote
[ˈænɪkdəʊt] (高研托雅宝 8925/9719 -1)
Vocabulary: anecdote
(once / 484 pages)
n
A short, amusing true story is an anecdote. You might come back from a crazy spring break with a lot of anecdotes to tell.
The roots of anecdote lie in the Greek word anekdota, meaning "unpublished." The word's original sense in English was "secret or private stories" — tales not fit for print, so to speak. It can still have connotations of unreliability, as in the phrase "anecdotal information." But the most common sense today is that of "a funny story about something that happened."
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
anecdote / antidote
An anecdote is a funny little story; an antidote counteracts poison. Tell someone an anecdote about your close encounter with a rattlesnake and how the cute park ranger had to get you the antidote for snake venom right away.
An anecdote is a story someone tells about themselves or people they know. It's often short and unreliable. That rattlesnake encounter? Well, maybe you embellished a bit — you saw a rattlesnake, but it didn't bite you. Anecdotes can be true or false; they're revealing little tales:
All the little anecdotes I had heard of him pleased me very much. (Miranda Eliot Swan)
The pages are thick with freaky anecdotes: One patient suffers permanent brain damage after an anesthesiologist causes him to nearly suffocate. (Washington Post)
Mr. Smith offered only anecdotes to back his beliefs. (New York Times)
An antidote cures what ails you. It's an actual counteragent to a poison, like snake venom. It's what you need if your wife tries to kill you, like poor Wang below, or when you just need to turn that frown upside down:
Then he told the physician there was only one way to save Wang's life — an antidote called Prussian Blue.  (Daily Mail.uk)
Forced blossoms are an antidote to the gloomy winter months (Digthedirt.com)
An anecdote is a memoir sound bite, a little story. They're fun, but they don't change your destiny. But antidote, is anti-poison, so dote on situations that require antidotes — your life may be on the line.
WORD FAMILY
anecdote: anecdotal, anecdotes, anecdotic, anecdotical, anecdotist+/ anecdotal: anecdotally/anecdotic: anecdotically/anecdotist: anecdotists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Shore giggled at the anecdote and said Michaels still quotes his father’s phrase as a sign-off from phone calls.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Maybe no other anecdote is more telling than her response when asked whether she would be interested in coaching the Tennessee men’s team.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
The anecdote sparked a brief media frenzy as gossip writers and others sought to track down Sasha's Snapchat account, but to no avail.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 趣闻，轶事; [复数]秘史
分布：轶事(72%)，奇闻(28%)
→前缀an-, 没有。前缀ec-,同ex-, 向外。词根don，给予，见donate, 捐赠，过去分词dot.anecdote 轶事；奇闻；秘史
短故事;轶事(anec未出版+dote_说出来的未出版的故事)[don,dit=give,表示"给予"]
轶事;短故事(an不+ec出+dote→not published→没出版的小故事)[dot=give(给)]
n.轶事,趣闻,短故事There are many anecdotes about George Bush.有很多关于布什的有趣的故事.
【记】1）dote vi 溺爱－读：逗她。讲故事哄他开心。2）读：该你逗她。逗女孩儿开心是有技巧的，别老讲那些庸俗的笑话，你可以讲一些酷似真实的故事，不能太长，千万别考验女人的耐心，讲一个又短、又搞笑的故事将达到事半功倍的效果－这种故事又名轶事。
US [-doʊt] noun countable
■a short often funny story, especially about something someone has done （尤指关于某人的）趣闻，轶事
• He told one or two amusing anecdotes about his years as a policeman. 他讲了一两件他当员警时发生的趣事。
n. 轶事；奇闻；秘史
 - ana

Word: unease
Front: unease
[ʌnˈi:z] (13614/9648 -1)
Back: n. 不安; 忧虑，担心
分布：不安(100%)
N-UNCOUNT
焦虑；不安
If you have a feeling of unease, you feel rather anxious or afraid, because you think that something is wrong.
例：Sensing my unease about the afternoon ahead, he told me,'These men are pretty easy to talk to.'...他感觉到了我对即将到来的下午忐忑不安，便对我说：“这些人说话都比较随和。”
例：We left with a deep sense of unease, because we knew something was being hidden from us...我们离开时心里感到很不安，因为我们知道有什么事瞒着我们。
N-UNCOUNT
不满；愤怒；紧张
If you say that there is unease in a situation, you mean that people are dissatisfied or angry, but have not yet started to take any action.
例：He faces growing unease among the Democrats about the likelihood of war.他面临民主党内对可能出现的战事不断滋长的不满情绪。
例：...the depth of public unease about the economy...公众对经济现状深感不满
n. 不安；不舒服
 - tension, unrest

Word: ambush
Front: ambush
[ˈæmbʊʃ] (托宝 11303/12166 -2)
Vocabulary: ambush
(once / 996 pages)
nv
An ambush is a sneak attack. To ambush your enemy, hide and wait for him to come near and then pounce on him.
In war or in backyards, an ambush is a great way to surprise someone. Ambush comes from a Latin word meaning “to place in a wood,” and hiding in the woods behind a tree is a classic starting point for an ambush. The actual attack is called an ambush, but ambush is also a verb, so you can ambush your mom by dropping water balloons on her head from a tree. Please don’t tell her where you got that idea.
WORD FAMILY
ambush: ambushed, ambusher, ambushes, ambushing+/ambusher: ambushers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Edward O’Grady, stopped a truck at a roadside checkpoint and were killed in an ambush.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Edward O’Grady, were killed in an ambush after stopping a truck at a roadside checkpoint.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
A black Iraq war veteran fatally shot the three police officers and wounded three others in Baton Rouge in an ambush.
Reuters(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 埋伏; 伏击; 伏击者，伏兵; 伏击点
vt. 伏击
时态：ambushed, ambushing, ambushes
分布：埋伏(49%)，伏击(42%)，伏兵(9%)
→来自法语。am-, 同前缀em-, 进入，使，见embody, 具体化。bush, 丛林。
verb transitive
■to suddenly attack a person or a group of people after hiding and waiting for them 伏击，埋伏突袭
• Five soldiers died after their bus was ambushed on a country road. 在一条乡村道路上一辆公车遭到伏击，车上五名士兵身亡。
• He was ambushed by gunmen on his way to work. 他在上班的路上遭到了持枪歹徒的伏击。
['æm.bʊʃ] noun countable or uncountable
■an occasion when a person or group of people are ambushed 伏击，埋伏突袭
• Several passers-by were killed in the ambush. 这次伏击行动造成数名路人死亡。
• Fear of ambush prevents the police from going to high-risk areas. 由于害怕遭到伏击，员警不敢去高风险地区巡逻。
lie/wait in ambush
■If someone lies in/waits in ambush, they hide and wait for someone in order to attack them. 埋伏下来等待发动袭击
n. 埋伏，伏击；伏兵
 - lurk
vt. 埋伏，伏击
 - waylay
vi. 埋伏
 - lurk

Word: completion
Front: completion
[kəmˈpli:ʃn] (六 5019/3047)
Vocabulary: completion
(once / 745 pages)
n
When something comes to completion, it's finished. In football, a pass that's been caught is called a completion.
If a wide receiver has a lot of completions, then he had a good day: that means he caught a lot of passes. But if the receiver is out of bounds or drops the ball, then there's no completion. Quarterbacks are judged by their completion rate, too. Off the gridiron, you can use the word completion to talk about anything that's been completed or achieved. Graduation day marks the completion of high school. The completion of a new building or a PhD can take years.
WORD FAMILY
completion: completions+/ complete: completed, completely, completeness, completes, completest, completing, completion, incomplete, uncomplete/completed: uncompleted/ incomplete: incompletely, incompleteness, incompleter, incompletest/incompleteness: incompletenesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Kaaya leaves Miami as the school’s career record-holder in yards, completions and attempts.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Protesters camped in North Dakota for months to try to stop completion of the project.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Each student is tested and placed according to current levels, then moves through the ranks to program completion.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 完成，结束; 实现; [数]求全法; 期满
分布：完成(89%)，结束(11%)
成就;圆满(com+plet+ion)[ple,plen,plet,pli=full,fill,表示"满,填满"]
noun uncountable
 IMPROVER
■when something that you are doing or making is finished 完成；结束；完工
• You'll be paid on completion of the project. 工程完工后给你发工资。
• The road repair work is nearing completion (= almost finished). 道路维修工作已接近尾声。
n. 完成，结束；实现
 - achievement, realization, implementation, execution, finish

Word: hopeless
Front: hopeless
[ˈhəʊpləs] (高四六 7926/6390 -2)
Vocabulary: hopeless
(once / 214 pages)
adj
Someone who's hopeless believes that nothing good can happen — a happy ending seems impossible. If you realize there's no way you'll pass your biology class, it's a hopeless situation.
When you're struggling to learn a new language or tackling a difficult task and feeling utterly discouraged, you can say that you're hopeless. In other words, you have no hope that things will work out the way you wish they would. A plan that's doomed to failure is also hopeless, because there's no chance that it'll be successful: "His scheme to save enough money to backpack through Europe is hopeless, because he still hasn't found a job."
WORD FAMILY
hopeless: hopelesser, hopelessly, hopelessness+/ hope: hoped, hopeful, hopeless, hoper, hopes, hoping/hoped: unhoped/ hopeful: hopefully, hopefulness, hopefuls, unhopeful/hopelessness: hopelessnesss/hoper: hopers/unhoped: unhopedly/unhopeful: unhopefully
USAGE EXAMPLES
She won a huge settlement against the government in 2009 in a case that other people saw as hopeless.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
All this does not mean that modest weight loss is hopeless, experts say.
New York Times(May 02, 2016)
The entire history of professional sports indicated that their situation was hopeless.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 不抱希望的，绝望的; 没有希望的，惨淡的; 不可救药的; 不可能的
分布：绝望的(62%)，没有希望的(24%)，无可救药的(14%)
US ['hoʊ-] adjective
 ADVANCED
■without hope 没希望的
• a hopeless situation 毫无希望的局势
• They searched for survivors but it was hopeless. 他们搜寻生还者，但没有任何希望。
• She was depressed and felt totally hopeless about the future. 她情绪低落，觉得未来毫无希望。
 ADVANCED
■completely without skill at a particular activity 不可救药的
• I'm hopeless at sports. 我在体育方面糟透了。
• He's a hopeless cook. 他做菜一塌糊涂。
desperate, hopeless
desperate: 因绝望而铤而走险
hopeless: 无任何希望；
adj. 绝望的；不可救药的
 - forlorn, broken-hearted

Word: concerted
Front: concerted
[kənˈsɜ:tɪd] (托雅 11285/11111 -1)
Vocabulary: concerted
(once / 1890 pages)
adj
If you and your friends launch into singing “Old MacDonald” loudly together, in the middle of the public library, you will all have made a concerted, or cooperative, effort to annoy lots of people.
Concerted is often used to describe a group effort to achieve a particular goal. As you may have guessed, concerted comes from the word concert. While a concert can be defined as "a group of musicians playing cooperatively," concert can also designate other types of cooperative behavior. If a group of people do anything together — from singing an annoying song to throwing library books at agreed-upon targets — they are acting in concert, or in a concerted manner.
WORD FAMILY
concerted: concertedly, preconcerted+/ concert: concerted, concerting, concertise, concertize, concerts/concertize: concertized, concertizing/preconcerted: preconcertedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Administration officials said Friday that the latest “removal” figures reflect a concerted policy shift to target convicted criminals over others.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
There was, however, concerted resistance to the plans even from normally supportive states, which pared it back to 3%.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Clinton allies are already “bending the storyline in their favor through a concerted media offensive” to undermine President-elect Donald Trump says U.S.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 协调的; 协定的; 协商好的; [乐]合拍调的
分布：一致的(81%)，协定的(11%)，商议好的(5%)，动词concert的过去式和过去分词.(3%)
→来自concert, 音乐会，协奏曲，即一起唱歌的，词义引申为一致的，齐心协力的。
【记】源于concert：音乐会是需要很多演奏家配合的。
【反】individually devised（单独设计的）
US [-'sɝ:.tˌɪd] adjective [usually before noun]
■planned or done together for a shared purpose 一致的；协商好的；共同筹划的
• The richer countries of the world should take concerted action to help the poorer countries. 世界上较富有的国家应该共同采取行动来帮助较贫困的国家。
• The D-Day invasion was a concerted exercise by the armed forces of Britain, the US and Canada. 诺曼地登陆行动是英国、美国和加拿大军队的一次联合行动。
■describes an effort or attempt that is determined and serious 协同一致的；齐心协力的；全力以赴的
• There has been a concerted campaign against the proposals. 人们一致行动反对这些提议。
• He's making a concerted effort to improve his appearance. 他在竭尽全力改善自己的形象。
adj. 协调的；协定的；商议定的
 - harmonious, coordinated

Word: lovely
Front: lovely
[ˈlʌvli] (中高 3284/1496 -K3)
Vocabulary: lovely
(once / 91 pages)
adjn
You've probably heard the adjective lovely to describe something good looking, but did you know that, as a noun, lovely refers, specifically, to a beautiful girl employed as a photographer’s model?
From the Old English luflic “affectionate, loveable,” comes lovely, an adjective that describes a person’s or thing’s attractiveness. Find the word love in there — it's something so attractive you can't help but love it. Lovely can also refer to something delightful. For example, a pretty selection of cakes and pastries arranged on a doily could be described as lovely. Anything from your girlfriend to a fresh coat of red paint on your motorcycle can be lovely.
WORD FAMILY
lovely: lovelier, lovelies, loveliest, lovelily, loveliness, unlovely+/loveliness: lovelinesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
The first scenario seems realistic, whereas the second seems like a lovely daydream.
Salon(Jan 01, 2017)
It was really lovely to be able to do something as special and as life-changing as that in my own living room.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
But our lovely fourth-floor “Cosy” room — the middle price class — was serene with two tall windows overlooking the peaceful canal.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 可爱的; 令人愉快的; 亲切友好的; 慷慨大方的
n. 美女，美人，佳人; 漂亮的东西
级别：lovelier, loveliest
分布：可爱的(89%)，令人愉快的(8%)，好看的(3%)
→love,爱，-ly,形容词后缀。
a.可爱的,好看的;令人愉快的,美好的The beloved novelist put her lovely gloves above the stove.敬爱的小说家把她美丽的手套放在火炉上方.
adjective
ENJOYABLE 愉快的
 ESSENTIAL mainly UK
■pleasant or enjoyable 快乐的，愉快的
• a lovely meal/evening 愉快的晚餐／晚上
• We had a lovely time with them. 我们和他们在一起渡过了一段快乐的时光。
['lʌv.li] adjective
BEAUTIFUL 漂亮的
 ADVANCED mainly UK
■beautiful 漂亮的，美丽的
• She has lovely eyes. 她的眼睛很漂亮。
• You look lovely in that dress. 你穿那条裙子很好看。
• Thank you for the lovely present. 谢谢你送我这么漂亮的礼物。
['lʌv.li] adjective
KIND 和蔼的
■describes a person who is kind, friendly and pleasant to be with 和蔼的，友善的，和善的
• He's a lovely bloke. 他是个很友善的人。
['lʌv.li] noun countable old-fashioned
■a sexually attractive woman 佳人，漂亮女人，美女
• Simon was there with the usual bevy of lovelies. 西蒙在那里，身边还是那群美女。
beautiful, lovely, handsome, fine, pretty, fair
这组词都有“美丽的，漂亮的”的意思，其区别是：
beautiful: 普通用词，含义广泛，语气最强，指优美和谐，是一种几乎接近完美的美。指人时通常形容女人或小孩，很少用于描写男子。
lovely: 普通用词，描写人时，主要指女人和小孩的相貌，语气不如beautiful强。
handsome: 多用于描写男性的英俊潇洒。有时也形容女人，指其五官端正，体态秀丽。
fine: 指在容貌、身材或风度等方面令人感到可爱。用于事物时，强调形式或内容的优美。
pretty: 普通用词，语气比beautiful弱，多用于描写妇女、儿童以及小巧玲珑，精美可爱之物。
fair: 正式用词，多用于文学中，形容女子和儿童，侧重外表的美。
adj. 可爱的；令人愉快的
 - pleasant, pretty, taking, grateful, cute

Word: hubris
Front: hubris
[ˈhju:brɪs] (宝 15622/25310)
Vocabulary: hubris
(once / 16885 pages)
n
Hubris is an excess of confidence: a boxer who shouts "I'm the greatest!" even though he's about to get pummeled by a much stronger opponent is displaying a lot of hubris.
Hubris is from Greek, where it meant "excessive pride, violating the bounds set for humans" and was always punished by the gods. We no longer have the Greek gods, so in English it just refers to over-the-top self-confidence. If you call yourself the best in something, you better have the goods to back it up, since too much hubris can lead to embarrassment and humiliation. It's an age-old human failing: pride goeth before the fall.
WORD FAMILY
hubris
USAGE EXAMPLES
Bolted with hubris, I tell myself they’re delighted to see me.
Salon(Dec 25, 2016)
It is singularly his film — both in style and the obsession with hubris, power and violence.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
To Copley’s mind, “Civil War” — as he deemed it — was worse than tolerating British taxation and hubris in the colonies.
Washington Post(Oct 18, 2016)
Back: n. 骄傲自大，自恃
分布：傲慢(81%)，骄傲(19%)
→来自希腊语hybris,对神的放肆无礼。引申词义傲慢，狂妄。
【记】hub（n 中心），ris＝rise－使自己从中心升起－目中无人；骄傲
【反】humility（n 谦卑）
noun uncountable literary
■being very proud and believing in your own importance 傲慢；自大；自负
• He was punished for his hubris. 他因为自大而受到惩罚。
n. 傲慢；狂妄自大
 - importance, superciliousness

Word: vaguely
Front: vaguely
[ˈveɪgli] (6895/5603 -1)
Vocabulary: vaguely
(once / 518 pages)
adv
Vaguely describes action that is unclear. If you vaguely recall meeting someone once before, you barely remember him or her, what you talked about, or even where you met.
The adverb vaguely probably comes from the Latin word vagus, which means “wandering,” or “uncertain.” Its origin is unclear, which is fitting for a word that means "mistily." If you don't want to go to your friend's tuba recital, you can say vaguely, "I think I might have something else to do that night. But if I don't, I'll try to make it."
WORD FAMILY
vague: vaguely, vagueness, vaguer, vaguest+/vagueness: vaguenesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
“They haven’t caused us any problems,” one man said vaguely.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
In the embassy’s version, Kennedy performs the opening move, which looks vaguely like a yoga pose, to the song from the show.
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
In the embassy’s version, Ms. Kennedy performs the opening move, which looks vaguely like a yoga pose, to the song from the show.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adv. 含糊地; 茫然地; 暧昧的
分布：含糊地(51%)，茫然地(25%)，模糊地(16%)，稍微(8%)
ADV-GRADED
轻微地;有点儿
Vaguely means to some degree but not to a very large degree.
例：The voice on the line was vaguely familiar, but Crook couldn't place it at first...电话里的声音有点儿熟悉，但是克鲁克一开始想不起来到底是谁。
例：Arnold felt vaguely embarrassed...阿诺德感到有点儿尴尬。
adv. 含糊地；暧昧地；茫然地
 - doubtfully, equivocally

Word: trainer
Front: trainer
[ˈtreɪnə(r)] (高 4458/3854 -1)
Back: n. 运动鞋; 教员; 驯兽师
分布：训练者(89%)，训练设备(11%)
→train,训练，-er,表施动人。
US [-nɚ] noun
PERSON 人
 IMPROVER countable
■a person who teaches skills to people or animals and prepares them for a job, activity or sport 教员，教练；培训师；驯兽师
• They showed pictures of the horse and its trainer (= the person who prepared it for its races). 他们展示这匹马和驯马师的照片。
• A lot of wealthy people have their own personal trainer (= a person they employ to help them exercise). 许多富人都有自己的私人健身教练。
UK ['treɪ.nər] US [-nɚ] noun
SHOE 鞋
 ADVANCED countable usually plural UK (UK also training shoe) (US sneaker)
■a type of light comfortable shoe that is suitable for playing sport 运动鞋
n. 助理教练； [劳经] 训练员；驯马师；飞行练习器
 - assistant coach, drillmaster

Word: salvation
Front: salvation
[sælˈveɪʃn] (研六 5519/5297 -2)
Vocabulary: salvation
(once / 267 pages)
n
Salvation is the act of saving from sin or evil, or sometimes just from an unpleasant situation.
The word salvation comes from the Latin salvare, "to save." Each of the monotheistic religions has a different idea about the way to achieve salvation. Salvation doesn't always have to do with theology; if a freak snowstorm on your camping trip has you worried about hypothermia, salvation can come in the form of an abandoned house with a working fireplace.
WORD FAMILY
salvation: salvations+/ salvage: salvageable, salvaged, salvager, salvages, salvaging/salvager: salvagers/salve: salvage, salvation, salved, salves, salving
USAGE EXAMPLES
His favorite thing to do - at home and at The Salvation Army - is to play video games.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Officials with the Salvation Army said that’s largely because of Dagger’s Toy Run.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Should they appoint the right man and back him financially, they are not yet so far adrift as to be beyond salvation.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 拯救，救助; 救星，救世主; 解救办法，救济措施; 救济品
分布：拯救(76%)，救助(12%)，救世(12%)
→来自拉丁语 salvare,挽救，抢救，来自 sol,完整的，词源同 solid,save.-ation,名词后缀。引 申诸相关词义。
救济,救助(svlv+ation)[salvsav=save,表示"救助"]
n.拯救,救助;救济(者,品),救助工具;救世主Christians hope and pray for salvation.基督教徒希望并祈祷灵魂得救.
noun
[S or U]
■(a way of) being saved from danger, loss or harm 救助（途径）； 解救（办法）
• After the diagnosis, getting to know Mary was his salvation. 调查之后，他才知道玛丽是他的救星。
• a marriage beyond salvation 无法挽回的婚姻
uncountable
■In the Christian religion, salvation of a person or their spirit is the state of being saved from evil and its effects by the death of Jesus Christ on a cross （基督教中的）救赎，灵魂得救
• The Gospel message is one of personal salvation. 福音资讯是人们灵魂得救的消息。
n. 拯救；救助
 - retrieval, redemption

Word: breakaway
Front: breakaway
[ˈbreɪkəweɪ] (18603/21293 -1)
Back: adj. 脱离的，分离出去的
n. 分离; 逃脱，背弃
分布：分离(58%)，脱离(20%)，分离的(12%)，脱离的(4%)，改变(2%)，起跑前抢步(1%)，一碰就破的东西(1%)，一碰就破的(1%)，脱离的人(1%)
noun countable
■an act of separating from a group, especially because of disagreement （尤指意见分歧导致的）脱离
• The sports association accepted the inevitability of a breakaway by the elite clubs. 体育协会接受了精英俱乐部将脱离协会这无可避免的事实。
• The breakaway group formed a new political party. 脱离出去的团体组建了新的政党。
n. 分离；脱逃
 - separation, detachment

Word: fisher
Front: fisher
['fɪʃə(r)] (13590/6716)
Back: n. 渔夫; 食鱼动物; 渔船; 捞取者
分布：渔夫(64%)，渔船(23%)，食鱼貂(13%)
n. 渔夫；渔船； [脊椎] 食鱼貂
 - peterman, fishing boat

Word: fog
Front: fog
[fɒg] (高研四六托 4913/5413 -2)
Vocabulary: fog
(once / 315 pages)
nv
Fog is a hazy, cloudy layer of water vapor very that hovers close to the ground. Driving in fog feels a bit like being inside a cloud.
Fog is just what it appears to be — a cloud lying low in the atmosphere, getting its moisture from a body of water like the ocean or a river. When fog is thick, it can be dangerous to drive in, and most cars have special "fog lights" to help drivers see the road. When you're deeply confused, you can call it a fog too, and when things are unclear (literally or figuratively), they're said to fog up."
WORD FAMILY
fog: defog, fogged, fogging, foggy, fogs+/defog: defogging/ foggy: foggier, foggiest, foggily, fogginess
USAGE EXAMPLES
Dense fog is expected to develop by early Monday evening.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
A spokeswoman for Gatwick Airport, which cancelled 140 flights flights on Friday, said: "Unfortunately we are still experiencing very heavy fog across the south east."
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
Seventeen people were hurt when a coach veered off a motorway slip road and overturned while driving in heavy fog.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 雾; 烟雾; 迷惑; 割后再生的草
vt. 以雾包围; 使模糊; 使迷惑
vi. 为雾笼罩; 朦胧; 照片（模糊）
时态：fogged, fogging, fogs
分布：雾(93%)，迷惑(3%)，使模糊(2%)，以雾笼罩(1%)，朦胧(1%)
→词源不详。
n.雾气,雾v.以雾笼罩,被雾笼罩The slogan crier saw the dog and frog jump to and fro in the fog.呼口号者看见狗和青蛙在雾中来回跳.
US [fɑ:g] noun
WEATHER 天气
 ADVANCED countable or uncountable
■a weather condition in which very small drops of water come together to form a thick cloud close to the land or sea, making it difficult to see 雾
• Thick/Heavy/Dense fog has made driving conditions dangerous. 浓雾使开车颇为危险。
• Mists, freezing fogs and snow are common in this area. 薄雾、寒雾和雪在这个地区很常见。
• It took several hours for the fog to lift. 几个小时以后雾才散去。
UK [fɒg] US [fɑ:g] noun
CONFUSION 困惑
only singular informal
■a confused or uncertain state, usually mentally or emotionally 困惑；迷惘
• I went home in a fog of disbelief. 我心怀疑虑地回了家。
UK [fɒg] US [fɑ:g] verb transitive (-gg-)
■to make something or someone confused or uncertain 使困惑；使迷惘；使不清晰
• Alcohol fogs the brain. 酒精使头脑发昏。
• The minister's speech had merely fogged the issue. 部长的讲话只是让问题越发不清楚了。
UK [fɒg] US [fɑ:g] verb transitive (-gg-)
  Phrasal Verbs  fog up
■If a glass surface fogs up, a thin layer of liquid develops on it so that it is difficult to see through 布满雾气，蒙上雾
• I couldn't see a thing because my glasses had fogged up. 我的眼镜起了雾，我甚么也看不到。
fog, smog, mist
这组词都有“雾”的意思，其区别是：
fog: 指较浓的雾。
smog: 指工业区的烟和雾相混而造成的又黑又浓的烟雾。
mist: 指轻雾，气象学上称作霭。
n. [气象] [摄] 雾；烟雾，尘雾；迷惑
 - vapor, smog
vt. 使模糊；使困惑；以雾笼罩
 - obfuscate, befog
vi. 被雾笼罩；变模糊
 - mist

Word: disband
Front: disband
[dɪsˈbænd] (托宝 13868/11401 -1)
Vocabulary: disband
(once / 1917 pages)
v
You know how rock bands are always forming and then breaking up? When they break up, they disband. The word disband refers to any group or unit of folks who decide to go their separate ways.
Long before there were rock bands, groups of friends or warriors would band together for protection or companionship. They would become a band of sorts. The prefix dis comes from the Latin word for "apart." So if people come together to form a band — like Robin Hood's Merry Men — then if they disband, they decide to separate and break apart. Groups don't always disband because they want to. Sometimes police officers or government officials disband groups they believe are a nuisance or a threat.
WORD FAMILY
disband: disbanded, disbanding, disbandment, disbands+/ band: banded, banding, bands, disband /banded: unbanded/banding: bandings/disbandment: disbandments
USAGE EXAMPLES
While the church building will remain, its small congregation is getting ready to disband.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
DreamWeavers, a drama group for children, Bank Street Players and Backstage Theatre Co. disbanded.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Last week, it was announced that the San Francisco team would be disbanded.
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: vt. （使）解散，散伙; 解体; 遣散
vi. 解散; 遣散
时态：disbanded, disbanding, disbands
分布：解散(85%)，遣散(15%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。band, 绑定。即解开，解体。
【记】band（n 队；乐队）
verb intransitive
■to stop being a group 解散，遣散
• She formed a political group which disbanded a year later. 她曾经成立了一个政治团体，但一年后就解散了。
vi. 解散
 - dismiss, break up
vt. 解散；遣散
 - dismiss, demobilize

Word: myself
Front: myself
[maɪˈself] (中高 662/804 -K4)
Back: pron. 我自己，亲自
分布：我自己(100%)
pron.[反身代词]我自己;我亲自I am teaching myself English.我在自修英语.
pronoun
 ESSENTIAL
■the reflexive pronoun of I （反身代词）我自己
• I've bought myself a new coat. 我为自己买了一件新外套。
• I caught sight of myself in the mirror. 我在镜子中看见了自己。
• Yes, I thought to myself, it's time to take a holiday. 是啊，我自己思忖着，是时候去休假了。
 ESSENTIAL
■used to emphasize 'I' as the subject of a sentence （用于强调主语）我自己，我本人
• I myself don't like a heavy meal at lunchtime. 我本人不喜欢午餐时吃很多。
• I don't like a heavy meal at lunchtime myself. 我自己不喜欢午餐时吃很多。
• I had to do the whole job by myself (= with no help from other people). 我不得不独自完成所有的工作。
• I live by myself (= alone). 我自己一个人住。
• I never get an hour to myself (= for my own use). 我从没有属于自己的一个小时的时间。
■used instead of 'I' or 'me' （用于代替Ｉ或 me）我
• My husband and myself were delighted with the gift. 我和丈夫收到这份礼物都很高兴。
• They very kindly invited my sister and myself to the inauguration. 他们盛情邀请我和姐姐参加开幕式。
[maɪ'self] pronoun
in myself UK informal
■used when describing your state of mind when you are physically ill （用于身体不适时指自己的精神状态）
• I'm well enough in myself (= happy) - I've just got this nagging headache. 我精神状态很好——只是这头痛的毛病一直没好。
[maɪ'self] pronoun
  Common Learner Errors  myself Remember that myself is written as one word. Don't write 'my self', write myself :
✗ I enjoyed my self so much at the concert.

Word: simulate
Front: simulate
[ˈsɪmjuleɪt] (研六托雅宝 7892/9883 -1)
Vocabulary: simulate
(once / 1476 pages)
v
When you simulate something you imitate it. Hollywood makeup artists can use pencils and gray wigs to simulate old age in a young actor. It can also mean to model––a computer can simulate disaster scenarios in cities.
If you really admire someone's calm-under-pressure attitude, you may try to simulate their demeanor. When opening a present, it's polite to simulate surprise and excitement about the gift item, even if you already have it or it is ugly as dirt. Don't try to simulate your parents' signatures on excuse cards, though––signatures are unique to individuals––impossible to simulate perfectly.
WORD FAMILY
simulate: simulated, simulates, simulating, simulation, simulator+/ simulation: simulations/simulator: simulators
USAGE EXAMPLES
In one drill, a robot simulated a running back breaking into the open field.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
However, simulated waste used in practice runs coated the inside of the cylinder causing a bark-like substance to form, disrupting the process.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
When LaClergue simulated the next 20 years under existing zoning, he predicted 60 units would be demolished, more than with the upzone.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 假装，冒充; 模仿; 模拟; [生]拟态
adj. 模仿的; 假装的
时态：simulated, simulating, simulates
分布：模拟(91%)，模仿(6%)，假装(3%)
→来自拉丁语 simulare,模仿，使相似，来自 similis,相似的，词源同 same,similar.引申诸相关词 义。
假装;模仿(simul+ate→做得相像→模仿)[simil,simul,sembl=alike,same表示"相类似,一样"]
v.模仿,模拟;假装,冒充Some moths simulate dead leaves.有些蛾拟态为枯叶.
verb transitive
■to do or make something which looks real but is not real 类比，模仿；假装，伪装
• In cheap furniture, plastic is often used to simulate wood. 廉价家俱经常用塑胶冒充木材。
• formal Ruth simulated pleasure at seeing Simon, but really she wished he hadn't come. 看见西蒙，露丝假装很高兴，可是实际上她希望他没来。
• Some driving teachers use computers to simulate (= represent) different road conditions for learners to practise on. 有些驾驶教练用电脑类比不同的路况供学员练习。
simulate, feign, pretend
这组词都有“假装”的意思，其区别是：
simulate: 主要指模仿他人或他物的样子，假装具有他人或他物的特点。
feign: 常和pretend换用，一般指言行上的“装做，假装”如装无知、悲哀；装死、疯或装做睡眠等。
pretend: 指公开表示的与心里想的与客观实际不符合，含公开承认其虚假的意味。
vt. 模仿；假装；冒充
 - pattern, come, imitate
adj. 模仿的；假装的
 - affected, assumed

Word: quiz
Front: quiz
[kwɪz] (高研四六 8784/9113 -1)
Vocabulary: quiz
(once / 2406 pages)
nv
A quiz is a short series of questions with a quick result. A magazine quiz might tell a reader if "he's into you," or a pop quiz in English class will let your teacher know how far you got (or didn't get) in last night's reading.
As a verb, quiz means to ask a series of questions. A teacher might quiz his students on the material covered in lecture the day before. A mother might quiz her son as to his plans for after school. The questioning meaning of the noun and verb came into use in the mid-nineteenth century, possibly influence by words like inquisitive. Before that, quiz could refer to an odd or unconventional person, a meaning which eventually gave rise to quizzical, still in use today.
WORD ROUTES
Here's a Pop Quiz: Where the Heck Did "Quiz" Come From?
Quiz is a word with a background so baffling it might make you feel a bit quizzical. For the latest installment of Slate's Lexicon Valley podcast, I delve into the mysterious origins of quiz and its long-forgotten brother quoz.
Our current understanding of quiz, as a noun meaning "a short test" or a corresponding verb "to test one's knowledge," only dates back to the mid-nineteenth century, mostly cropping up in American usage (as in an 1867 letter from William James referring to "'quizzes' in anatomy and physiology"). In that sense, quiz had a resemblance to such questioning words as inquire, inquisition, and inquisitive. There was even a verb inquisite, shortened in some dialects to quiset, meaning "to question," that likely influenced the semantic development of the word.
But back in the 1780s, the word quiz first emerged with a different meaning, referring to an odd or eccentric person or thing. It may have originated at schoolboy slang; in 1782, the English essayist Vicesimus Knox relayed that at the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, those who "take a pleasure in conversing on letters" were "solitary mortals" stigmatized as quizzes, suggesting that quizzes were originally something like proto-nerds.
As I explain on Lexicon Valley, I've long been intrigued by the origins of quiz because of a bit of word-lore attached to it. As the story goes, quiz was the result of a bet involving the Dublin theater owner Richard Daly, who accepted a challenge to concoct and popularize a new word. I've managed to find versions of this story in British newspapers dating back to 1835. An introduction was given, illustrating that the origins of quiz were just as murky then as now:
Very few words ever took such a run, or were saddled with so many meanings, as this monosyllable; and, however strange the word, 'tis still more strange that not one of our lexicographers, from Bailey to Johnson, ever attempted an explanation, or gave a derivation of it. The reason is very obvious: it is because it has no meaning, nor is it derived from any language in the world ever known, from the Babylonish confusion to this day.
Then followed the tale of Daly and the apocryphal wager:
When Richard Daly was patentee of the Irish theatres he spent the evening of a Saturday in company with many of the wits and men of fashion of the day; gambling was introduced, when the manager staked a large sum that he would have spoken, all through the principal streets of Dublin, by a certain hour next day, Sunday, a word having no meaning, and being derived from no known language — wagers were laid, and stakes deposited. Daly repaired to the theatre, and dispatched all the servants and supernumeraries with the word "Quiz," which they chalked on every door and shop window in town. Shops being shut all next day, every body going to and coming from their different places of worship saw the word, and every body repeated it, so that "quiz" was heard all through Dublin; the circumstance of so strange a word being on every door and window caused much surprise, and ever since should a strange story be attempted to be passed current, it draws forth the expression — you are quizzing me.
—The Leeds Times, Jan. 17, 1835
A year after this story circulated in 1835, it found its way into a dictionary, Walker Remodelled: a New Critical Pronouncing Dictionary, by B.H. Smart. Later, in 1875, an Irish police magistrate named Frank Thorpe Porter published a meticulously detailed version of the Daly story in his memoir Gleanings and Reminiscences. By that time, all of the participants in the purported bet were conveniently dead. And while Porter's account is compelling, it's fatally undermined by the fact that he fixes the date of the bet as Aug. 21, 1791, by which time the word quiz had already been circulating for about a decade.
As I dug deeper, I discovered that the story of the bet was first attached to a slightly different word: not quiz but quoz, with the wager said to have taken place in London, not Dublin. There are references to quoz being chalked up around the city of London in Thomas Paine's 1792 tract The Rights of Man, as well as the second volume of Charles Mackay's fascinating work, Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds.
Many years ago the favourite phrase ... was Quoz. This odd word took the fancy of the multitude in an extraordinary degree, and very soon acquired an almost boundless meaning. When vulgar wit wished to mark its incredulity, and raise a laugh at the same time, there was no resource so sure as this popular piece of slang. When a man was asked a favour which he did not choose to grant, he marked his sense of the suitor’s unparalleled presumption by exclaiming Quoz! When a mischievous urchin wished to annoy a passenger, and create mirth for his comrades, he looked him in the face, and cried out Quoz! and the exclamation never failed in its object... Every alehouse resounded with Quoz; every street-corner was noisy with it, and every wall for miles around was chalked with it.
—Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions, Vol. II, 1852
By searching through databases of British newspapers, I was able to pinpoint exactly when quoz-mania hit London: in August 1789, when the similar word quiz was still very new. And the earliest news report that I have found gives its origin in, you guessed it, a bet:
Quoz. This queer word originated, we understand, in a bet. Two Gentlemen betted a dinner, to be given by the loser, at the London Tavern, that one of them should fix upon any odd absurd expression, which should, in a given time, become the Town Talk. The other laid he did not. QUOZ was the word chosen; and the bet has been acknowledged to be lost. The WINNER began by writing, with chalk, the word QUOZ, upon various doors. Future wits and more ingenious heads, improved on the idea, and added various other strokes of humour to the original QUOZ.
—The World (London), Aug. 15, 1789
In the weeks that followed, there were many paeans to quoz, none more lyrical than a song written and performed by John Edwin at London's Theatre Royal. Here are a few verses:
Hey for buckish words, for phrases we've a passion
Immensly great and little once, were all the fashion;
Hum'd, and then humbuz'ed, twaddle tippy poz;
All have had their day; but now must yield to QUOZ.
Walk about the town, each time you turn your head, Sir,
Pop staring in your phiz, is Q, U, O, and Z, Sir:
Cried, Madam Dip to deary, its monstrous scandaloz
To write on peoples shutters that shameful, nasty, Quoz...
Some may think it French, some may call it Latin,
Some give in this meaning, other will give that in:
Mean it what it will, or sense or non compos,
The meaning, I should think — the meaning must be Quoz.
—Diary or Woodfall's Register, Sept. 5, 1789
The rage for quoz quickly died out, and the folklore of the bet instead got attached to quiz, the word that survived the neologizing heyday of the 1780s. But I feel that quoz is due for a comeback. Could we revive it by chalking it up all over town in a 21st-century style, by turning it into a hashtag on Twitter? Go forth and spread the good word: #quoz!
WORD FAMILY
quiz: quizzed, quizzer, quizzes, quizzing+/quizzer: quizzers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Every week, Strain-Japan’s staff meet to discuss teaching strategies and quiz and test results, student by student.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Hoping for more clear-cut results, here is the Eighth Annual Washington Region’s Predictions Quiz for 2017.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Researchers in Ghana also found that text message quizzes improved girls’ understanding of reproductive health, resulting in fewer reported pregnancies.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 提问，询问; 小型考试; 简单的小测验; 恶作剧
vt. 盘问; 挖苦; 进行测试; 张望
时态：quizzed, quizzing, quizzes
分布：测验(77%)，盘问(8%)，恶作剧(7%)，问答比赛(7%)，对 ... 进行测验(1%)
→可能来自拉丁语qui es,你是谁，来自qui,谁，词源同who,es,是，词源同is.原为过去拉丁语 语法考试时问考生的第一个问题。后用于指小测试，小考试。
n.小型考试,测验,问答比赛The teacher has a quiz on last week's work.教师测验了学生上星期的功课.
noun countable (plural quizzes)
 ADVANCED
■a game or competition in which you answer questions 问答比赛，智力竞赛
• a history/sport, etc. quiz 历史/体育知识等问答竞赛
• There are so many inane television quiz shows. 电视上有那么多愚蠢的智力竞赛节目。
• UK A lot of pubs have quiz nights once or twice a week. 许多酒吧每周都会有一两次的智力竞赛之夜。
 ADVANCED mainly US
■a short informal test 测验，考察
• There was a pop (= surprise) quiz in history at school today. 今天的历史课上进行了突击测验。
[kwɪz] verb transitive (-zz-)
■to ask someone questions about something 查问，提问
• She spent an hour being quizzed by journalists. 她花了一小时时间回答记者的提问。
examination, test, quiz, exam
这组词都有“考试”的意思，其区别是：
examination: 通常指为检查学生知识或能力而举行的正式考试，有时也指临时考试。
test: 多指有具体目的的临时性考试或小考。
quiz: 指时间较短，随时进行的口头或书面的非正式测验。
exam: 系examination的缩略形式，口语用词，通俗。
n. 考查；恶作剧；课堂测验
 - trick, mischief
vt. 挖苦；张望；对…进行测验
 - dig at, test for

Word: illiterate
Front: illiterate
[ɪˈlɪtərət] (研六托雅宝 12243/13846 -1)
Vocabulary: illiterate
(once / 1537 pages)
adjn
You can describe a person unable to read or write as illiterate. Karaoke, which involves singing out the words to songs as they scroll across a big screen, requires the ability to read. If you’re illiterate, you won’t be able to participate.
Illiterate, from the Latin illiteratus “unlearned, ignorant,” can describe someone unable to read or write, but it can also imply that a person lacks cultural awareness. However, Walt Whitman saw a unique beauty to illiteracy: “There is that indescribable freshness and unconsciousness about an illiterate person that humbles and mocks the power of the noblest expressive genius.”
WORD FAMILY
illiterate: illiteracy, illiterately, illiterates+/ illiteracy: illiteracies/ literacy: literacies/ literate: illiterate, literacy, literately, literates, nonliterate, preliterate, semiliterate
USAGE EXAMPLES
For a start, German-speaking Theresia was 10 years older than her husband, an illiterate Slovak coachman.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
The defendants argued that they were assisting voters who were poor, uneducated and in some cases illiterate, and marked the ballots with the voters’ permission.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
He uses a basic cellphone and is functionally illiterate.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 目不识丁的，文盲的
n. 目不识丁者; 文盲; 无知
分布：文盲(85%)，文盲的(12%)，无知的(3%)
→il-,不，非，literate,能读写的，有知识的。
不识字的(il+literate认字的)[il-,ir-①放在同辅音词根前表示"不,无"②表示"使…成为,进入"]
不识字的,文盲的(il不+literate识字的)[liter=letter,表示"文字,字母"]
a.文盲的,未受教育的The lateral elite is literally illiterate.边上的杰出人物简直是文盲.
US [-'lɪtˌ.ɚ-] adjective
■unable to read and write 文盲的，不会读写的
• A surprising percentage of the population are illiterate. 人口中文盲的比例令人吃惊。
Compare innumerate knowing little or nothing about a particular subject （对某专题）所知甚少的，外行的
• computer illiterate 对电脑所知甚少的
• financially/technologically illiterate 对金融／技术所知甚少的
UK [ɪ'lɪt.ər.ət] US [-'lɪtˌ.ɚ-] noun countable
■someone who is illiterate 文盲
ignorant, illiterate
这组词都有“无知的”的意思，其区别是：
ignorant: 指一般的无知或指不知道某个具体的事。
illiterate: 指不识字的人或没有文化的人。
adj. 文盲的；不识字的；没受教育的
 - letterless, unlettered
n. 文盲
 - unschooled, analphabetic

Word: comparatively
Front: comparatively
[kəmˈpærətɪvli] (四托 10073/5019)
Back: adv. 对比地; 相对地; 比较地; 有点
分布：比较地(60%)，相对地(40%)
US [-'per.ə.tˌɪv-] adverb
■as compared to something else 相对地，比较而言
• We couldn't afford it and yet we're comparatively well-off (= we are richer than most people). 我们买不起，不过我们还算是比较富裕的。
• Comparatively speaking , this machine is easy to use. 比较而言，这台机器用起来很方便。
adv. 比较地；相当地
 - relatively, fairly, reasonably, pretty, considerably

Word: comedian
Front: comedian
[kəˈmi:diən] (7536/9983 -2)
Vocabulary: comedian
(once / 1331 pages)
n
A comedian tells jokes for a living. If you have the ability to crack everyone up at the dinner table, your mom might say that you should be a comedian.
Comedians perform in various ways: a stand-up comedian, for example, tells jokes on a stage at a comedy club. Other comedians might perform improvisational comedy routines in a group, or be featured in a funny movie. In the 16th century, a comedian was specifically a "comic poet," while later the words comedian and actor were briefly interchangeable. It comes from the Greek komoidia, "an amusing spectacle."
WORD FAMILY
comedian: comedians+/ comedy: comedian, comedies, comical /comic: comedy, comics/ comical: comicalest, comicality, comically /comicality: comicalities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Louis CK is a comedian whose work is highly autobiographical, though not literally so.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
The pub's website listed a line-up of acts for its New Year event that included musicians, comedians, acrobats and a fire performer.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
The production also featured the puppets Zippy & George from the TV show Rainbow and a digital projection of comedian Ken Dodd.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 喜剧演员，丑角; 滑稽的人
分布：喜剧演员(100%)
→来自comedy, 喜剧。
喜剧演员(comedy喜剧+ian)[-ian 1.表名词"某种人"2.表形容词"…国家的"]
[kə'mi:.di.ən] (female also comedienne)
noun countable
■a person whose job is to make people laugh by telling jokes and funny stories or by copying the behaviour or speech of famous people 喜剧演员；滑稽演员
• a stand-up comedian 单人表演的喜剧演员
n. 喜剧演员；滑稽人物
 - funny, banana

Word: conspicuous
Front: conspicuous
[kənˈspɪkjuəs] (研六托雅宝 9384/6526 -1)
Vocabulary: conspicuous
(once / 288 pages)
adj
Keep your eye on the adjective conspicuous for something that stands out so much you notice it right away — like that zit in the center of your friend's forehead.
Conspicuous comes from the adjectival form of the Latin verb, conspicere, meaning "to look at." Conspicuous can mean either very obvious to the eye (like something that is conspicuous from a distance) or attracting attention (like conspicuous consumption). If you are doing something wrong, it's wise not to be conspicuous about it!
WORD FAMILY
conspicuous: conspicuously, conspicuousness, inconspicuous +/conspicuousness: conspicuousnesses/ inconspicuous: inconspicuously, inconspicuousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Art Duncan transferred to the Royal Flying Corps, where he was twice decorated for conspicuous aerial gallantry.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
She became a perpetual jet-setter, one of the most conspicuous names, faces and figures in the world.
Washington Post(Dec 18, 2016)
He remained conspicuous after that, not the least for his deliberately awful choice in clothing.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 明显的; 显而易见的; 惹人注意的; 显目
分布：显著的(48%)，显眼的(33%)，显而易见的(19%)
→con-, 强调。-spic, 看，词源同special, spectator.
显眼的,引人注目的(con大家+spic+uous→大家都看见→显眼的)[spect,spic=look,see,表示"看"]
a.显眼的,明显的The conspicuous suspicious pension is in suspension.那笔引人注目的可疑养老金被暂停发放.
【记】con共同，spic看，uous多－有很多地方都可以让大家看到－显著的
【参】perspicacious（adj 有洞察力的）；suspicious（adj 可疑的；怀疑的）
【反】nondescript（adj 无可名状的；难以区别的；无特征的）inconspicuous－blatant（adj 吵闹的；炫耀的）/salient（adj 显著的；突出的）/ prominent（adj 卓越的；突出的）
adjective
■very noticeable or attracting attention, often in a way that is not wanted 显眼的；醒目的；显著的
• In China, her blonde hair was conspicuous. 在中国，她的金发十分显眼。
• He tried not to look conspicuous and moved slowly along the back of the room. 他尽量不使自己显眼，沿着房间后部慢慢移动。
Opposite inconspicuous
[kən'spɪk.ju.əs] adjective
be conspicuous by your absence mainly humorous
■to be absent when you should be present, in a way that other people notice 因缺席而招人注意
• Why wasn't Stephen at the meeting, then? He was conspicuous by his absence. 那么，史蒂芬怎么没参加会议？他本应在场却不在，非常惹人注意。
striking, remarkable, noticeable, outstanding, conspicuous
这组词都有“显著的，引人注意的”的意思，其区别是：
striking: 侧重能给观察者产生强烈而深刻印象。
remarkable: 通常指因有与众不同的特点或优越性而引起人们注意或称道。
noticeable: 指所描绘的事物引人注意。
outstanding: 通常指与同行或同类的人相比显得优秀或杰出，或具有他人或别的事物所没有的特征。
conspicuous: 通常指因成绩卓著，而引人注意，或指因外观奇特、花哨或言行举止不合常规而令人注意。
obvious, apparent, conspicuous
obvious: 明白的，清楚的，平淡无奇的
apparent: 清楚易见或易懂的，表面上的
conspicuous: 明显的，惹人注目的
adj. 显著的；显而易见的
 - obvious, prominent, marked, noted, outstanding

Word: convertible
Front: convertible
[kənˈvɜ:təbl] (宝 10346/12750 -2)
Vocabulary: convertible
(once / 2683 pages)
1adjn 2adj 3adjn
If it starts to rain while you’re riding in a convertible car with the top down, you can always put the top back up. Convertible is an adjective that means “capable of changing from one form to another.”
Something that is convertible can be changed or transformed from one thing to another. Money, for instance, is convertible because it can be changed from one currency to another — for example, from dollars to euros. A sofa bed is convertible because it can be transformed from a sofa into a bed. Likewise, a convertible jacket is a jacket that can be changed (by removing the sleeves or an inner lining) depending on the weather.
WORD FAMILY
convertible: convertibility, convertibles, convertibly, inconvertible, unconvertible+/ conversion: conversions/ convert: conversion, converted, converter, convertible, converting, convertor, converts, reconvert/converted: unconverted/converter: converters/convertor: convertors/inconvertible: inconvertibility/reconvert: reconverted, reconverting, reconverts/unconvertible: unconvertibly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The PC industry’s goal now is to move everyone over to 2-in-1 and convertible designs, as they are a more versatile computing platform.
Time(Dec 22, 2016)
In 1989, a Beverly Hills policeman stopped her for expired registration tags as she was driving in her Rolls-Royce convertible.
Washington Post(Dec 18, 2016)
At home, a chauffeur drove them to and from social events in a Rolls-Royce convertible.
Washington Post(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. 可改变的; 可变换的; （货币）可以自由兑换的; （汽车等）有折篷的
n. 敞篷车
分布：敞篷车(60%)，可改变的(19%)，可转换的(12%)，同意义的(9%)
【记】convert（v 使转变）；ible能…：能转变的车－敞篷车
US [-'vɝ:.tˌə-] adjective
■able to be arranged in a different way and used for a different purpose 可改变的，可转变的
• a convertible sofa-bed 折叠沙发床
■specialized
■describes a type of money that can be easily exchanged into other types of money （货币）可兑换的
• a convertible currency/bond 可兑换货币／债券
UK [kən'vɜ:.tɪ.bl] US [-'vɝ:.tˌə-] noun countable (also soft top)
■a car with a soft roof which can be folded back 敞篷轿车
• a Volkswagen convertible 福斯敞篷小轿车
adj. 可改变的；同意义的；可交换的
 - equivalent, alterable

Word: infighting
Front: infighting
[ˈɪnfaɪtɪŋ] (17941/33612)
Back: n. 内讧，内部纠纷，勾心斗角
分布：内讧(84%)，激烈争斗(16%)
→in-,在内，在里，fight,打架。引申词义内讧。
US [-tˌɪŋ] noun uncountable
■competition between people within a group, especially to improve their own position or to get agreement for their ideas （集团内部的）暗斗
• political infighting 政治斗争
• Years of infighting among the leaders have destroyed the party. 领导人之间长期的勾心斗角毁掉了整个政党。
n. 暗斗；混战；接近战
 - melee, mix-up

Word: jar
Front: jar
[dʒɑ:(r)] (高研四六托宝 4262/5688 -2)
Vocabulary: jar
(once / 308 pages)
1nv 2vn
A jar is a smooth-sided, round container that's often made of glass. Jars are useful for storing food, from rice to tea bags to cookies.
A wide-mouth jar made of pottery might hold Oreos, and a small, short jar could contain homemade jam. When you put something in a jar, you jar it. Another way to use the verb version of jar is to mean "shock painfully or unpleasantly:" "Every bump we drove over in the old Jeep would jar my whole body." The jar that's a container probably stems from the Middle French jarre, "liquid measure."
WORD FAMILY
jar: jared, jarful, jarred, jarring, jars+/jarful: jarfuls/ jarring: jarringest, jarringly
USAGE EXAMPLES
McGloin underwent an MRI on Monday after being roughed in the second quarter by Jared Crick.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The manner of Liverpool’s 19th-minute opener jarred with the quality of the early attacking play in northeast England.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“Bannon, Jared and I work together extremely well,” he said in an interview.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 罐子; （啤酒）杯; 缸; 猛然震动
vi. 发出刺耳的声音; 不和谐; 不一致; （对…）产生不快的影响
vt. 使震动
时态：jarred, jarring, jars
分布：坛子(31%)，广口瓶(28%)，震动(14%)，冲突(6%)，刺耳声(6%)，扰乱(4%)，发刺耳声(4%)，震荡(4%)，不协调(3%)
→来自阿拉伯语jarrah,陶罐。jar 刺耳声，撞击
n.罐坛,广口瓶In the bar the barber bargained for a jar of jam, then got over the barrier of barrels.在酒巴里理发师为一罐果酱讲了价然后越过桶作的屏障.
【记】读：炸－震动
US [dʒɑ:r] noun countable
CONTAINER 容器
 ADVANCED
■a glass or clay container, with a wide opening at the top and sometimes a fitted lid, which is usually used for storing food 罐子，坛子；广口瓶
• a jar of coffee/pickled onions 一罐咖啡／腌洋葱
• a jam jar 果酱罐子
■UK informal
■a drink of beer 一杯啤酒
• We often have a jar or two at the pub after work. 我们经常在下班后到酒吧喝一两杯啤酒。
UK [dʒɑ:r] US [dʒɑ:r] noun countable
SHAKE 摇动
■a sudden forceful or unpleasant shake or movement 震摇；颠簸；撞击
• With every jar of the carriage, the children shrieked with excitement. 车厢每剧烈震动一下，孩子就兴奋地尖叫。
UK [dʒɑ:r] US [dʒɑ:r] verb (-rr-)
SHAKE 摇动
intransitive or transitive
■to shake or move someone or something unpleasantly or violently 震动，（猛烈地）摇动
• The sudden movement jarred his injured ribs. 突然的一个动作震痛了他受伤的肋骨。
UK [dʒɑ:r] US [dʒɑ:r] verb (-rr-)
NOT PLEASANT 不愉快的
intransitive or transitive
■If a sight, sound or experience jars, it is so different or unexpected that it has a strong and unpleasant effect on something or someone （使）感到不快；刺激（神经等）
• The harsh colours jarred the eye. 这些强烈的色彩很刺眼。
• A screech of brakes jarred the silence. 刺耳的煞车声划破了宁静。
UK [dʒɑ:r] US [dʒɑ:r] verb (-rr-)
NOT RIGHT 不正确的
intransitive
■to disagree or seem wrong or unsuitable 冲突；不和谐，不一致
• This comment jars with the opinions we have heard expressed elsewhere. 这个评论和我们在其他地方听到的意见不一致。
UK [dʒɑ:r] US [dʒɑ:r] verb (-rr-)
  Phrasal Verbs  jar on sb
■If something, especially a noise, jars on you, it annoys you （尤指噪音等）使（某人）不快
• His rather superior manner jars on me. 他那高高在上的样子令我不快。
• That squeaky voice is beginning to jar on me. 那尖细的说话声开始让我不舒服了。
n. [陶瓷] 罐； [轻] 广口瓶；震动；刺耳声
 - pot, shock
vi. 冲突；不一致；震惊；发刺耳声
 - collide with, conflict with
vt. 震动；刺激；使震动
 - stimulate, fan, shock

Word: pharmacy
Front: pharmacy
[ˈfɑ:məsi] (研雅 8014/15531 -1)
Back: n. 药房; 配药学，药学; 制药业; 一批备用药品
分布：药房(84%)，药剂学(16%)
→来自希腊语pharmakeia,用药，药品，制药，治疗，巫术，来自pharmakis,巫术，魔力，咒语。词义演变比较leech,医生，古义为念咒的人。
n.药房,药剂学,制药业,配药业,一批备用药品
US ['fɑ:r-] noun
countable
■a shop or part of a shop in which medicines are prepared and sold 药店，药房；（商店的）药品部
countable
■part of a hospital where medicines are prepared （医院的）药房，配药室
uncountable
■the activity or study of medicine preparation 配药；配药学，药剂学
n. 药房； [药] 配药学，药剂学；制药业；一批备用药品
 - dispensary, officina

Word: materialise
Front: materialise
[mə'tɪərɪəlaɪz] (-/11429)
Back: vt. 使具体化; 使有形; 使突然出现; 使重物质而轻精神
vi. 成形，实现
时态：materialised, materialising, materialises
分布：名词(100%)
vi. 突然出现（等于materialize）
 - crop up, break out in, burst in on

Word: trajectory
Front: trajectory
[trəˈdʒektəri] (宝 7728/12757 -1)
Vocabulary: trajectory
(once / 5817 pages)
n
If you stay on your current trajectory of constant shopping, dining out, and yacht rentals, you'll end up broke. A trajectory is the path of an object through space, or the path of life that a person chooses.
Trajectory comes from the Latin trajectoria, which means "throw across." The prefix tra- is short for trans-, which means "across" (think transport and transit) and the ject comes from jacere, which means "throw" and is also the root of the word jet. If you wanted to describe the path of a jet through the sky, you could refer to the jet's trajectory.
WORD FAMILY
trajectory: trajectories
USAGE EXAMPLES
His interest is in people and their trajectories; a maximalist, he wants to reveal the entirety of his characters’ lives and minds.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
“Almost every career trajectory entails a complex sequence of steps, each of which depends on those preceding it,” he said.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
This is the year that Brexit turns from conjecture into trajectory.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. [物]弹道，轨道; [几]轨线
分布：轨迹(63%)，弹道(19%)，轨道(18%)
→tra-,转移，穿过，-ject,扔，投射，词源同 project,jet.引申词义轨迹，踪迹，弹道等。
弹道;轨道(tra穿过+ject+ory→扔进去→弹道)[ject=throw,cast,表示"投掷,扔"]
【记】tra横，ject扔，ory：横着扔出去的轨道
US [-tɚ.i] specialized
noun countable
■the curved path that an object follows after it has been thrown or shot into the air （射体在空中的）轨道，轨迹
• the trajectory of a bullet/missile 子弹／导弹的弹道
UK [trə'dʒek.tər.i/ UK [-tri] US [-tɚ.i] specialized
noun countable
be on an upward/downward trajectory
■to be getting higher or lower 在上升／下降
• The Government is now claiming that inflation is on a downward trajectory. 政府现在宣称通货膨胀呈现下降趋势。
n. [物] 轨道， [力] 轨线； [航] [军] 弹道
 - path, track, railway, orbit

Word: deck
Front: deck
[dek] (研四六托雅 2788/3922 -3)
Vocabulary: deck
(once / 103 pages)
1nv 2n 3v
A deck is a platform or a section of floor on a ship. If you're on a cruise with your family, you might tell your brother to meet you on the upper deck after lunch to play shuffleboard.
Most decks are open, without a roof, and positioned high on a ship . Typically, the bridge deck houses the ship's helm and navigational tools. The deck behind your house isn't much different from a ship's deck — it's a flat platform too. Other kinds of decks are a pack of cards, the board part of a skateboard, and the floor: "Hit the deck!" To deck a person is to hit them, but to deck your house is to decorate it.
WORD FAMILY
deck: decked, decker, decking, decks, foredeck+/decker: deckers/foredeck: foredecks
USAGE EXAMPLES
Weekend parties have Beatrice Inn alumni on the decks.
New York Times(Nov 30, 2016)
His final time playing Bay Hill, he hit driver off the deck to the front of the 18th green and made par.
Washington Times(Nov 29, 2016)
On the lower deck people sit huddled in golden emergency blankets.
Economist(Oct 20, 2016)
Back: n. 甲板，舱板; [建]平屋顶，桥面; [铁路]客车车顶; 〈俚〉地面
vt. 装饰; 给…铺上甲板; 打扮
时态：decked, decking, decks
分布：甲板(88%)，装饰(5%)，层面(4%)，一副牌(3%)
→来自steg, 覆盖，词源同thatch, detective. 引申义甲板。
n.甲板At the neck of the wrecked deck, the reckoner checked the opaque cheque.在遭破坏的甲板的颈部,计算者检查了这张不透明支票.
noun countable
FLOOR 层
 ADVANCED
■a flat area for walking on, especially one built across the space between the sides of a boat or a bus; a type of floor 甲板，舱面；（公车的）地板；（船或公车的）一层，层面
• We sat on deck until it was dark. 我们在甲板上一直坐到天黑。
• The upper/top deck of the bus was always full of people smoking. 公车上层总是挤满了抽烟的人。
⇒ See also quarterdeck;sundeckUS a raised area without a roof, which is connected to a house, similar to a balcony （房屋的）露天平台，凉台
below decks
■on a level of a ship below the main deck 在主甲板下面
• Our cabin was below decks. 我们的舱位在主甲板之下。
[dek] noun countable
CARDS 牌 (also pack) mainly US
■a set of cards used for playing card games 一副牌
• a new deck of cards 一副新牌
[dek] verb transitive
DECORATE 装饰
■to decorate or add something to something to make an effect 装饰；装扮；打扮
• The room was decked with flowers. 房间里有花朵装饰。
• The wedding guests were decked out in their finery (= wearing their best clothes). 参加婚礼的宾客都穿着自己最好的礼服。
⇒ See also bedeck
[dek] verb transitive
HIT 打击 slang
■to hit someone, especially to hit someone and knock them down 打击；（尤指）击倒，把…打趴下
• Do that again and I'll deck you. 你再这样做，我非把你打趴下来不可。
n. [船] 甲板；行李仓；露天平台
 - board, storage room
vt. 装饰； [船] 装甲板；打扮
 - paint, hang, dress oneself, array

Word: eradication
Front: eradication
[ɪˌrædɪ'keɪʃn] (14988/13328)
Vocabulary: eradication
(once / 9949 pages)
n
When people talk about the eradication of something, they are referring to its total destruction. Imagine a movie villain destroying a planet with a massive laser beam and you'll have the right idea.
If a gardener's goal is the eradication of every single weed in his back yard, he might start by uprooting dandelions. Fittingly, the root of eradication is the Latin word for "uproot," ērādīcāre. The eradication of anything, whether it's disease, poverty, war, or weeds, involves removing every last trace of it, right down to the roots.
WORD FAMILY
eradicate: eradicable, eradicated, eradicates, eradicating, eradication, eradicator+/eradicable: ineradicable/eradicator: eradicators/ineradicable: ineradicably
USAGE EXAMPLES
Those discoveries led to the development of HPV vaccines, whose global use may, one day, lead to the eradication of cervical cancer.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Epidemiologist whose leadership resulted in the eradication nearly 40 years ago of smallpox, one of the world’s most feared contagious diseases.
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
That’s a first step toward what is likely to be a long struggle for eradication.
Washington Post(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. 摧毁，根除
分布：根除(65%)，消灭(35%)
VERB
消灭;灭绝;根除
To eradicate something means to get rid of it completely.
例：They are already battling to eradicate illnesses such as malaria and tetanus...他们已经在努力消灭疟疾、破伤风等疾病。
例：If tedious tasks could be eradicated, the world would be a much better place.如果可以消灭那些单调乏味的工作，世界将会变得更加美好。
n. 消灭，扑灭；根除
 - extinction, extermination

Word: wreak
Front: wreak
[ri:k] (宝 11385/13981 -1)
Vocabulary: wreak
(once / 2397 pages)
v
To wreak is to cause something to happen, usually with a terrible consequence. You can make mischief, cause problems, or inflict pain, but to wreak damage suggests a deeper level of destruction.
Wreak stems from the Old English wrecan, meaning "to avenge." Its current meaning, that of causing something to happen — usually with dire consequences — came about in the 19th century. The word is a transitive verb, often paired with the equally intense havoc, meaning "devastation."
WORD FAMILY
wreak: wreaked, wreaking, wreaks
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It’s to preserve life, and especially with the drug epidemic to stop the drugs wreaking havoc on our communities and neighborhoods.”
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
There is an outcry for data about the havoc wreaked in Yemen by Saudi bombing.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
To an untrained eye, that’s hard to imagine, seeing the extent of the destruction that the Islamic State group wreaked in March 2015.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 造成（混乱或破坏）; 实施（报复）
时态：wreaked, wreaking, wreaks
分布：发泄(100%)
→来自wreg,推，驱使，践踏，来自wer的扩大形式，弯，转，扭曲，词源同urgent,wreck。引申义造成破坏，实施报复。
【记】因为weak所以wreak；因为wreck（n 失事）所以wreak。
[ri:k] formal
verb transitive
■to cause something to happen in a violent and often uncontrolled way 造成，引起（灾祸等）
• The recent storms have wreaked havoc on crops. 最近的暴风雨给农作物造成了巨大灾害。
• She was determined to wreak revenge/vengeance on both him and his family. 她决心要报复他和他的家人。
vt. 发泄；报仇
 - give vent to, take revenge

Word: buffalo
Front: buffalo
[ˈbʌfələʊ] (六 6081/16088 -1)
Vocabulary: buffalo
(once / 795 pages)
1n 2n 3v
A buffalo is a large, ox-like animal with horns and shaggy fur. In North America, a buffalo is another name for a bison.
There are various types of buffalo around the word, including South Asia's water buffalo and the African buffalo, but the bison is the most well-known type of buffalo in the US. You can also use the word as a verb, meaning "to intimidate," and when it's capitalized, Buffalo is a city in New York state. These various meanings have resulted in the longest sentence in English that uses only one word: "Buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo."
WORD FAMILY
buffalo: buffaloed, buffaloes, buffaloing, buffalos
USAGE EXAMPLES
Native Americans used the land to hunt buffalo by guiding them over a sandstone cliff.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
BUFFALO’S QB STANCE: Like the Jets, the Bills are facing lots of uncertainty at the quarterback position.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Boinavad’s father decided to sell his two buffaloes, but the buyer asked him to wait a few days because he couldn’t find cash either.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 水牛（分非洲水牛和亚洲水牛两种）; （南非或北美的）野牛; 威胁; 恐吓
vt. 威胁; 欺骗; 迷惑
时态：buffaloed, buffaloing, buffalos
分布：水牛(73%)，野牛(24%)，威吓(1%)，迷惑(1%)，水陆坦克(1%)
→词源同bov, 牛，见bovine, 牛的。
公牛(可能是bull的变体)[bu=ox,表示"牛"]
US [-loʊ] (plural buffaloes or buffalo)
noun countable
■a large animal of the cattle family, with long curved horns 水牛，野牛
buffalo, cow, bull, ox
这组词都有“牛”的意思，其区别是：
buffalo: 指水牛，在美国指野牛。
cow: 指任何品种的成年母牛或乳用的乳牛。
bull: 指未经阉割，通常用于配种的公牛，也指西班牙或美洲经专门饲料用作斗牛表演的公牛。引申指彪形大汉。
ox: 泛指野生或驯养的牛类，系动物学的用词，通称，也指公牛。
n. [畜牧] [脊椎] 水牛；野牛（产于北美）；水陆两用坦克
 - carabao, urus

Word: onslaught
Front: onslaught
[ˈɒnslɔ:t] (托宝 11133/11104 -1)
Vocabulary: onslaught
(once / 1837 pages)
1n 2n
Onslaught is a military term that refers to an attack against an enemy. It's safe to say that no one wants to be caught on the receiving end of an onslaught, because there will be lots of danger, destruction and probably death.
One way to help you remember the brutal meaning of onslaught is through the word's English origin, slaught, meaning "slaughter." But onslaught can be used in non-military ways, too. It can mean a barrage of written or spoken communication, like an onslaught of emailed birthday wishes. Taken individually, the birthday wishes are nice but an onslaught is too many, too fast, all at once. Onslaught can also mean a sudden and severe start of trouble. For example, if your office is unprepared for the onslaught of flu season, the entire sales force will be home sick at the same time.
WORD FAMILY
onslaught: onslaughts
USAGE EXAMPLES
And while an onslaught of publications ably assessed the aftermath of the presidential election, the most surprising was Teen Vogue.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Star Anna felt panicked, especially when there was “an onslaught of tributes.”
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Case in point is the onslaught against payday lenders, and a lawsuit presents an opportunity to expose an extralegal cross-agency campaign.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 猛攻，攻击; 突击; 大量的倾泻
分布：猛攻(54%)，攻击(39%)，抨击(7%)
→on,在上，向上，-slaught,攻击，屠杀，词源同slay,slaughter.
US ['ɑ:n.slɑ:t] noun countable
■a very powerful attack 猛攻；攻击；袭击
• It is unlikely that his forces could withstand an allied onslaught for very long. 他的军队不大可能长时间抵御联军的强攻。
• Scotland's onslaught on Wales in the second half of the match earned them a 4-1 victory. 苏格兰队在下半场猛攻威尔士队，以4比1赢取胜利。
n. 猛攻；突击
 - lay on, skite

Word: pepper
Front: pepper
[ˈpepə(r)] (高研四六 1923/5443 -K3)
Back: n. 胡椒; 辣椒; 胡椒粉
vt. 在…上撒胡椒粉; 使布满
时态：peppered, peppering, peppers
分布：辣椒(62%)，胡椒粉(35%)，加胡椒粉于(2%)，不断打击(1%)
→来自拉丁语piper,辣椒，来自希腊语piperi,可能最终来自梵语pippali,辣椒，长青椒。
n.胡椒粉,胡椒;辣椒I'd like to add some pepper to the bean curd.我想在豆腐里加一点辣椒粉.
US [-ɚ] noun
POWDER 粉末
 IMPROVER uncountable
■a greyish black or creamy coloured powder produced by crushing dry peppercorns , which is used to give a spicy hot taste to food 胡椒粉
• freshly ground black pepper 现磨的黑胡椒粉
• salt and pepper 盐和胡椒
UK ['pep.ər] US [-ɚ] noun
VEGETABLE 蔬菜
countable
■a vegetable that is usually green, red or yellow, has a rounded shape and is hollow with seeds in the middle 甜椒，灯笼椒
• a red/green pepper 红／青椒
• Peppers are usually cooked with other vegetables or eaten raw in salads. 甜椒通常与其他蔬菜一同烹调，或放在沙拉里生吃。
• Red peppers are ideal for roasting in the oven. 红椒很适合用烤箱烘烤来吃。
UK ['pep.ər] US [-ɚ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  pepper sth with sth
HIT
■to hit something repeatedly with small objects 用（小物体）连续击打…
• The city's walls were peppered with bullets. 城墙被子弹打得满目疮痍。
INCLUDE [often passive]
■If you pepper a speech or piece of writing with something, you include a lot of that particular thing 使（演讲或文章）充满
• The letter was peppered with exclamation marks. 这封信里满是惊叹号。
n. [食品] [植] 胡椒； [园艺] 辣椒；胡椒粉
 - peper, capsicum
vt. [食品] 加胡椒粉于；使布满
 - besprinkle

Word: slam
Front: slam
[slæm] (研四六雅 3458/4608 -2)
Back: vt. 砰地关上（门或窗）; 猛烈抨击; 使劲一推; 猛劲一摔
vi. 砰然关上; 猛力打击，碰撞; 撞到了一辆卡车上
n. 猛然关闭的声音; 猛击
时态：slammed, slamming, slams
分布：满贯(63%)，砰地关上(20%)，猛烈抨击(8%)，砰然声(4%)，猛烈攻击(3%)，猛放(2%)
v.(门,窗等)砰地关上n.猛然关闭的声音He stamped on the stamps and slammed the lamp on the damp dam.他用脚踩邮票并将灯砰地摔在潮湿的坝上.
verb (-mm-)
 ADVANCED intransitive or transitive
■to (cause to) move against a hard surface with force and usually a loud noise （使）重重撞上，（使）砰地关上
• The wind made the door/window slam (shut). 风吹过来门／窗户砰地关上了。
• Close the door carefully, don't slam it. 小心关门，别使劲关。
• He slammed the brakes on (= used them quickly and with force) when a child ran in front of his car. 一个孩子在他车前跑过，他猛地踩下煞车。
• I had to stop suddenly, and the car behind slammed into the back of me. 我不得不猛地停下，结果后面的车砰地撞上了我的车尾巴。
transitive informal
■to criticize 批评，抨击
• Although the reviewers slammed the play, the audience loved it. 尽管评论家们猛烈抨击该剧，观众们还是很喜欢它。
[slæm] noun only singular
■a sudden loud noise 突然发出的巨大声响
• The door shut with a slam. 门砰的一声关上了。
shut, slam, close
这组词都有“关”的意思，其区别是：
shut: 着重关闭的动作、过程和方式手段。
slam: 象声词，指“砰的关上”，或用力关上。
close: 较多地用于正式或庄重的文体中，如关闭铁路、公路以及其它交通渠道，要用close。
n. 猛击；砰然声
 - pop, crasher

Word: lame
Front: lame
[leɪm] (高研四六雅 9982/11787 -1)
Vocabulary: lame
(once / 507 pages)
1adjv 2adj 3n 4n
You might describe a limping dog that's lost the use of one of its legs as lame, which means "disabled in a leg or foot."
It's less common than describing injured animals as lame, but you can use this adjective to describe a limping person too. Lame is probably most often used to mean generally weak or pathetic. If your friend threw a Frisbee in your direction and it landed several feet in front of you, you might say, "What a lame throw!"
WORD FAMILY
lame: lamed, lamely, lameness, lamer, lames, lamest, laming+/lameness: lamenesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Russian embassy in London tweeted a sarcastic picture of a duck with the word “lame” written on it.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
The last text message I received from Tig said, “Not lame at all xx.”
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
After several prods, the lame duck still didn’t keep up, so a helper tucked it under an arm.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 跛的，瘸的; 僵痛的; 差劲的，无说服力的; 蹩脚的
vi. 变跛
vt. 使跛，使残废; 把…弄残废
n. （金属）薄板，薄片; （古代护身甲上的）重叠金属片
时态：lamed, laming, lames
分布：跛足的(54%)，无说服力的(25%)，金属薄板(14%)，使 ... 成残废(7%)
→来自lem,击，打，词源同lam,lambaste.引申词义打跛，跛的。lame 金银锦缎
a.跛的,(辩解,论据等)无说服力的The shameless lame man is to blame for the flaming frame.无耻的跛子应为燃烧的框架负责.
adjective
UNABLE TO WALK 无法行走的
■(especially of animals) not able to walk correctly because of physical injury to or weakness in the legs or feet （尤指动物）瘸的，一瘸一拐的
[leɪm] adjective
NOT SATISFACTORY 不令人满意的
■(especially of an excuse or argument) weak and unsatisfactory （尤指借口或论据）站不住脚的，无说服力的
• a lame excuse 站不住脚的借口
cripple, lame
这组词都有“使跛，使残废”的意思，其区别是：
cripple: 正式用词，语气较强。多指因伤、体弱或疾病等所导致的永久性残废，常为肢体不全，行走不便，甚至移动身体也困难。
lame: 普通用词，指因受伤或本身的生理缺陷而使人的身体致残，着重行走时的不便。
adj. 跛足的；僵痛的；不完全的；无说服力的
 - incomplete, half
vi. 变跛
 - founder
vt. 使跛；使成残废
 - cripple

Word: swelling
Front: swelling
[ˈswelɪŋ] (托 9722/14561 -K1)
Back: n. 肿胀; 膨胀; 增大
v. 肿胀(swell的ing形式); 增强; 骄傲，自满
分布：膨胀(98%)，动词swell的现在分词.(1%)，肿胀物(1%)
→swell,膨胀，肿胀，-ing,动名词后缀。
noun countable or uncountable
■a part of your body which has become bigger because of illness or injury 肿的地方，肿胀处，肿块
• Put your foot into cold water to help the swelling go down. 把脚放到凉水里泡一下，有助消肿。
n. [临床] 肿胀；膨胀；增大；涨水
 - expansion, inflation
adj. 膨胀的；肿大的；突起的
 - intumescent, inflatable
v. [临床] 肿胀；膨胀；增多；趾高气扬（swell的ing形式）
 - inflating

Word: unearth
Front: unearth
[ʌnˈɜ:θ] (托宝 10691/11598 -1)
Vocabulary: unearth
(once / 2464 pages)
v
To unearth something is to dig it up. You could unearth a coffin, or even a tee shirt buried in the bottom of a drawer.
To put something in the earth is to bury it, to unearth it is to take it back out. When digging in the yard you’ll probably unearth creepy-crawlies and, with luck, a lost treasure will surface. To bring anything hidden “into the light” is to unearth it. You can unearth the secret affairs of your lover, you can unearth the lies of a corrupt government, and you may even unearth a child’s secret candy stash from under the mattress.
WORD FAMILY
unearth: unearthed, unearthing, unearths+/ earth: earthed, earthing, earthlike, earthling, earthly, earths, earthy, unearth / earthling: earthlings/ earthly: earthlier, earthliest, unearthly / earthy: earthier, earthiest, earthily/ unearthly: unearthlily
USAGE EXAMPLES
In fact, she unearthed a series of pasts, each concealing another like a matryoshka doll.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Mass graves are unearthed nearly every day in former IS territory, with more than 70 discovered already.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
And then years later, when I was home for the holidays, the sled was unearthed.
The New Yorker(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: vt. 发掘; 揭露; 从洞中赶出
时态：unearthed, unearthing, unearths
分布：发掘(65%)，掘出(30%)，发现并披露(5%)
→un-, 使相反，earth, 土，土中。即从土中挖出，掘出。
从地下挖出(un+earth土地)[un-①表示"不,无,非,没有"②表示"打开,解开,弄出"]
【记】un不，earth地－不在地下－挖出
【反】conceal（v 隐藏）
US [-'ɝ:θ] verb transitive
■to discover something in the ground 发掘，掘出，使出土
• Building at the site was halted after human remains were unearthed earlier this month. 自从本月初在工地挖出人类遗骸之后，施工就停止了。
■to discover proof or some other information, especially after careful searching （尤指在仔细搜寻之后）发现
• A private detective has apparently unearthed some fresh evidence. 一个私家侦探显然已经找到了新的证据。
vt. 发掘；揭露，发现；从洞中赶出
 - detect, reveal, expose

Word: whaling
Front: whaling
[ˈweɪlɪŋ] (15560/13325 -1)
Back: n. 捕鲸业; 一阵痛打
vt. 捕鲸(whale的ing形式); 鞭打
分布：动词whale的现在分词形式.(100%)
noun uncountable
■the activity of hunting whales 捕鲸
v. 捕鲸；鞭打（whale的ing形式）
 - whipping

Word: viral
Front: viral
[ˈvaɪrəl] (托宝 10615/10705 -1)
Vocabulary: viral
(once / 5339 pages)
adj
If you go to work when you're sick, your co-workers will be hoping that whatever you've got isn't viral. Viral describes a disease caused by a virus, and viruses are usually infectious.
Infections and other kinds of diseases can be classified as viral by a doctor, which means they're caused by viruses, specific kinds of microorganisms. Because of the speedy way that viral infections can spread, the meaning has grown to include the spread of ideas or information, often on the Internet. Viral videos are short online films that become incredibly popular very quickly, as people share them with each other and they spread like a virus.
WORD FAMILY
viral: antiviral, virally+/antiviral: antivirals
USAGE EXAMPLES
“There are so many real viral video stars that are, for lack of a better word, morons,” Proksch said.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The challenge is a viral Internet video trend where people "freeze" like mannequins for the camera.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
On 15 December, the company announced that it would begin working with third-party fact checkers to flag viral fake news stories.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 病毒的，病毒引起的
分布：病毒的(95%)，病毒式传播；【经】病毒式营销(5%)
→来自virus,病毒。
【记】源于：virus（n 病毒）
US ['vaɪ-] adjective
■caused by a virus 病毒病，病毒性疾病；病毒感染
• viral infections 病毒感染

Word: cereal
Front: cereal
[ˈsɪəriəl] (研六雅宝 6122/6012 -2)
Vocabulary: cereal
(once / 1962 pages)
nadj
Cereal is a grassy grain used for food, like corn or wheat. But if someone offers you a bowl of cereal, don’t expect a pile of grass. Cereal is also a popular breakfast food served in a bowl with milk.
You can use the word cereal when you talk about a grain crop, the harvested grain, or the prepared breakfast food. Oatmeal is a hot cereal, and Cheerios is a cold one. Originally, cereal meant "having to do with edible grain," from the Latin Cerealis, "of grain," but also "of Ceres, the Roman goddess of agriculture." Next time you enjoy a bowl of Fruit Loops, make sure to thank Ceres, the goddess of agriculture.
WORD FAMILY
cereal: cereally, cereals
USAGE EXAMPLES
I referred darkly to an accident with a thresher, despite the fact the closest I’d ever got to harvesting cereals was bulk-buying Coco Pops.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Kind of like when you try a cereal sample at the grocery store then decide not to buy it.
Washington Times(Dec 15, 2016)
But we should be aware that cereal is not just cereal.
Washington Post(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. 谷类植物; 谷物; 粮食; 荞麦食品
adj. 谷物的，谷物制成的
分布：麦片粥(44%)，谷类食物(27%)，谷物的(17%)，谷类的(12%)
→来自罗马谷物女神Ceres, 进一下来自ker, 生长，创造，词源同create, grass, grain.
谷物(cere谷+al)[-al 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人,物,状态"]
n.加工而成的谷类食物;谷类植物,谷物I've just bought a box of cereal.我刚买了一盒麦片.
【记】ce赛，real真正：小麦、荞麦、燕麦和玉米比赛谁是真的谷物。
US ['sɪr.i-] noun countable or uncountable
 ADVANCED
■a plant which is grown to produce grain 谷类植物，谷物
• cereal crops 谷类作物
 ADVANCED
■a food that is made from grain and eaten with milk, especially in the morning （尤指早上加牛奶食用的）谷类食物
n. [作物] 谷类，谷物；谷类食品；谷类植物
 - corn, grain
adj. [作物] 谷类的；谷类制成的
 - corny

Word: defuse
Front: defuse
[ˌdi:ˈfju:z] (宝 12450/11816 -1)
Back: vt. 拆除（爆炸物）的引信; 减少…的危险性; 使变为无害; 平息，缓和
时态：defused, defusing, defuses
分布：缓和(95%)，消除危险(5%)
→de-, 向下，除去。fuse, 引信。即拆除引信，引申义缓和。
【记】de去掉，fuse（n 导火线）
【反】foment（v 煽动）
verb transitive
BOMB 炸弹
■to prevent a bomb from exploding 解除，拆除（炸弹）
• Bomb disposal experts have defused a 110-pound bomb at Victoria Station. 拆弹专家在维多利亚车站拆除了一个110磅重的炸弹。
[ˌdi:'fju:z] verb transitive
DIFFICULT SITUATION 困境
■to make a difficult or dangerous situation calmer by reducing or removing its cause 缓和；平息
• The two groups will meet next week to try to defuse the crisis/situation/tension. 双方将于下周会面，以求缓和危机／局面／紧张局势。
vt. 平息；去掉…的雷管；使除去危险性
 - quell, assuage

Word: boarding
Front: boarding
[ˈbɔ:dɪŋ] (8271/8530)
Back: n. 木板（建造之物）; 寄膳（宿）; 用木板制成的物体; 上船（或火车、飞机等）
v. 上（船、车或飞机）( board的现在分词 ); 收费供…膳宿; 强行登（船）; 使搭伙
分布：登船(78%)，供膳宿的(11%)，木材(11%)
US ['bɔ:r-] noun uncountable
■boards that have been fastened side by side to each other （并排接起来的）木板，板材
n. [木] 木板；寄膳宿；上船
 - timber plank, wood block

Word: hastily
Front: hastily
['heɪstɪlɪ] (9320/6191)
Vocabulary: hastily
(once / 187 pages)
adv
When you do something hastily you rush through it in a hurried manner. If you write an essay hastily, don't expect an A.
Haste is speed, so if you do something hastily, you're just doing it too fast. When a job should take time, like building a house, but it's done hastily, something often goes wrong. If you hastily leave the dinner table without explaining yourself, people will think you're rude.
WORD FAMILY
hasty: hastier, hastiest, hastily, hastiness, hastyly, overhasty+/ haste: hastes, hasty /overhasty: overhastily
USAGE EXAMPLES
Even Sam Bradford, the protagonist in September as the new, hastily acquired quarterback, became almost an afterthought.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
George W Bush ran his from hastily requisitioned office space in Washington DC.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
Production was hastily bumped up at factories in China for both items, said co-chief executives Peter Tiger and Art Hirsch.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adv. 匆忙地，仓促地; 匆猝; 草草; 率尔
分布：匆忙地(60%)，急速地(40%)
ADJ-GRADED
匆忙的;仓促的
A hasty movement, action, or statement is sudden, and often done in reaction to something that has just happened.
例：One company is giving its employees airplane tickets in the event they need to make a hasty escape.一家公司正在给自己的员工发机票，万一需要就紧急撤离。
ADJ-GRADED
仓促而就的;匆忙结束的
A hasty event or action is one that is completed more quickly than normal.
例：After the hasty meal, the men had moved forward to take up their positions.匆匆忙忙吃过饭后，大家走出来，各就各位。
ADJ-GRADED
鲁莽的;冲动的;草率的
If you describe a person or their behaviour as hasty, you mean that they are acting too quickly, without thinking carefully, for example because they are angry.
例：So let's not be hasty. After all, he can't run away...所以我们不要鲁莽行事。毕竟他是跑不掉的。
例：A number of the United States' allies had urged him not to take a hasty decision.美国的一些盟友已力劝他不要急于作决定。
adv. 匆忙地；急速地；慌忙地
 - hurriedly, vite

Word: distinctly
Front: distinctly
[dɪ'stɪŋktlɪ] (六托 8031/6349)
Back: adv. 明显地; 无疑地; 确实地; 逼真
分布：清楚地(58%)，显然地(28%)，确定无疑地(14%)
【反】mutter（v 咕哝；嘀咕）－speak distinctly（清楚地说）；eclipse（v 使黯然失色）－make distinctive（使与众不同）
ADJ-GRADED
有区别的;不同的;个别的
If something is distinct from something else of the same type, it is different or separate from it.
例：Engineering and technology are disciplines distinct from one another and from science...工程学和工艺学互不相同，也有别于自然学科。
例：This book is divided into two distinct parts.这本书分为内容不同的两部分。
ADJ-GRADED
清楚的;清晰的;明显的
If something is distinct, you can hear, see, or taste it clearly.
例：...to impart a distinct flavor with a minimum of cooking fat.用最少量的食用油来调出一种独特的口味
ADJ-GRADED
确定无疑的;确切的;清楚的
If an idea, thought, or intention is distinct, it is clear and definite.
例：Now that Tony was no longer present, there was a distinct change in her attitude...由于托尼不在场了，她的态度有了明显的转变。
例：I have distinct memories of him in his last years.我清楚地记得他最后几年的情况。
ADJ-GRADED
显著的;明显的
You can use distinct to emphasize that something is great enough in amount or degree to be noticeable or important.
例：Being 6ft 3in tall has some distinct disadvantages!身高6英尺3英寸有些明显的不便之处！
例：Another Cup marathon between the two sides is now a distinct possibility.双方很可能再进行一场马拉松式的优胜杯比赛。
PREP-PHRASE
截然不同于;完全不同于;有区别于
If you say that you are talking about one thing as distinct from another, you are indicating exactly which thing you mean.
例：There's a lot of evidence that oily fish, as distinct from fatty meat, has a beneficial effect.有许多证据表明油性鱼，与高脂肪肉不同，对人体有益。
adv. 明显地；无疑地，确实地
 - obviously, clearly, easily, strictly, no doubt

Word: mph
Front: mph
[ˌem pi: ˈeɪtʃ] (-/9155 -1)
Back: abbr. =miles per hour 每小时英里数
分布：名词(100%)
■abbreviation for
■miles per hour 英里／小时，每小时所行英里数
• My car won't do/go more than 70 mph. 我的车最高时速是每小时70英里。
• She was caught driving at 120 mph. 她被发现以每小时120英里超速驾驶。

Word: traitor
Front: traitor
[ˈtreɪtə(r)] (研四六托雅宝 9963/10023 -1)
Vocabulary: traitor
(once / 359 pages)
n
A traitor says one thing but does another. If you promise a friend you'll keep his secret, but instead you blab it to everyone, you're a traitor.
The word origin says it all: traditorem is the Latin word for "betrayer." Liar? Yes. Backstabber? Yes. True friend? Heavens, no. Traitors betray the trust of those who have faith in them or believe their promises. Traitor also applies to a person who betrays his country by committing treason: turning against his own government, perhaps by selling secret information.
WORD FAMILY
traitor: traitorous, traitors+/ traitorous: traitorously, traitorousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
But despite his spokesman's earlier denunciation of Stepanova as a traitor, he also acknowledged there was a problem.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
If you call them traitors and saboteurs, you might as well call the Founding Fathers that as well.
Salon(Dec 16, 2016)
His sumptuously written new book, “Judas,” humanely probes the role of the traitor as well as Israeli politics and history.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 卖国贼; 叛徒; 背叛者; 背信弃义的人
分布：叛徒(77%)，卖国贼(21%)，出卖朋友者(2%)
→来自古法语 traitor,叛徒，来自（缩写自）拉丁语 traditor,叛徒，来自 tradere,转给，移交，投 降，词源同 treason,betray.该词与 tradition 为对词关系，但词义完全不同。
n.叛徒,卖国贼The traitor in strait straight forwardly told me the traits of the bait.在向前直的海峡里的卖国贼告诉我饵的特性.
【记】trait（n 一个人的性格方面的显著特性；遗传特征），or：一般来说叛徒在性格方面都有显著特征。
【参】traditor（n 叛教者）
US [-tˌɚ] disapproving
noun countable
■a person who is not loyal or stops being loyal to their own country, social class, beliefs, etc. 背叛者，叛徒；卖国贼
• The leaders of the rebellion were hanged as traitors. 叛乱的首领被作为叛国者，绞死了。
• The Chinese Communist Party branded (= called) Mr Gorbachev 'a traitor to socialism'. 中国共产党给戈巴契夫先生打上了社会主义叛徒的烙印。（即称他为社会主义叛徒）
n. 叛徒；卖国贼；背信弃义的人
 - rat, betrayer

Word: sufferer
Front: sufferer
[ˈsʌfərə(r)] (11540/4863)
Back: n. 患者; 受苦的人; 受难者
分布：患者(70%)，受害者(21%)，受难者(9%)
→suffer,忍受，遭受，-er,人。引申词义患病者，患者。
US [-ɚ.ɚ] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a person who has or often gets a particular illness 病患
• Almost 50 per cent of cancer sufferers are treated successfully. 大约50%的癌症患者所接受的治疗是奏效的。
• A new drug may give new hope to thousands of hay-fever sufferers. 有种新药可能会给数以千计的花粉热患者带来新希望。
n. 患者；受害者
 - patient

Word: transportation
Front: transportation
[ˌtrænspɔ:ˈteɪʃn] (四六雅 2374/7832 -2)
Vocabulary: transportation
(once / 814 pages)
n
If you spend $60 a month on subway fare, then your monthly transportation cost is $60, meaning it costs you $60 each month to get from one place to another.
The noun transportation often is used to describe the process of moving things. You might make transportation arrangements, for example, for shipping a pet across the country. Transportation can also refer to a formal system for moving things from place to place, like a public transportation system like the subway or public bus or a transportation company that specializes in moving goods from coast to coast.
WORD FAMILY
transportation: transportations+/ transport: transportable, transportation, transported, transporter, transporting, transports/transporter: transporters
USAGE EXAMPLES
The state pays for roads with the transportation fund, which is built on gas tax revenue and vehicle registration fees.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
“But our approach to transportation innovation is that we want to be a catalyst for new and interesting technologies.”
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
They include shelter costs, transportation, groceries, utilities, insurance, minimum loan payments and child care.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 运送，运输; 运输系统; 运输工具; 流放
分布：运输(86%)，运输工具(8%)，运输系统(6%)
→来自 transport,交通，-ion,名词后缀。引申词义交通业。
运输(业)(transport+ation)[Port=carry,表示"拿,运"]
【记】transport（n /v 运输；狂喜），trans转移，port搬运
US [-spɚ-] noun uncountable
 IMPROVER
■when people or goods are moved from one place to another 运输，运送，输送
• In the past, British convicts could be sentenced to transportation (to Australia). 过去，英国的犯人可被判处流放（至澳大利亚）。
 IMPROVER US (UK transport)
■a vehicle or system of vehicles, such as buses, trains, etc. for getting from one place to another 交通工具；车辆
• In Los Angeles many companies encourage their employees to use alternative means of transportation, rather than the car. 在洛杉矶，许多公司都鼓励员工不开小汽车，而使用替代交通工具。
traffic, communication, transportation
这组词都有“交通”的意思，其区别是：
traffic: 指来往的东西的情况，表示一种抽象概念的交通流动量。
communication: 指邮电、无线电、铁路、公路等各种交通方式或媒介。
transportation: 指将乘客或货物从一处运到另一处，也可指交通运输工具。
n. [交] 运输；运输系统；运输工具；流放
 - carriage, traffic

Word: zombie
Front: zombie
[ˈzɒmbi] (13047/23483)
Vocabulary: zombie
(once / 8775 pages)
n
If you've ever watched a zombie movie, you know that a zombie is a terrifying but slow-moving monster, a dead body that moves as if it's alive and has a taste for human flesh.
There is an entire literary genre that features zombies and the people who are hunting or fighting them off, as well as scores of films about zombies. A zombie is an ideal movie monster, horrible to look at and nearly impossible to kill. The word zombie comes from West Africa, related to both the Kikongo word zumbi, or "fetish," and the Kimbundu word nzambi, or "god."
WORD FAMILY
zombie: zombies
USAGE EXAMPLES
This sitcom returns from its winter hiatus, with the Hecks spending their New Year staving off a zombie apocalypse.
New York Times(Jan 03, 2017)
This is one of five “zombie” games — featuring two teams walking the field after their playoff hopes are dead and buried.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
And she claimed the devolution of new powers to Holyrood meant the Scotland Office was now a "zombie department".
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. （某些非洲和加勒比地区的宗教及恐怖故事中）靠巫术起死回生的僵尸; 无生气的人，麻木迟钝的人
→来自西非某语言，原义为蛇神，后用以指僵尸。
US ['zɑ:m-] noun countable informal disapproving
■a person who has no energy, seems to act without thinking and does not notice what is happening around them 无生气的人；木讷呆板的人
• He just sat in front of the TV all day like a zombie. 他就像个呆子一样，一整天都坐在电视机前面。
■a dead person who is believed, in some Caribbean religions, to have been brought back to life by magic （加勒比地区某些宗教信仰中）靠巫术起死回生的僵尸，还魂尸

Word: unsure
Front: unsure
[ˌʌnˈʃʊə(r)] (8000/7579 -1)
Back: adj. 不确定的; 缺乏信心的，无把握的; 不稳定的; 不可靠的
分布：不肯定的(40%)，不确定的(40%)，没有自信的(20%)
US [-'ʃʊr] adjective
■not certain or having doubts 不确定的，不肯定的；有疑虑的
• I'm a bit unsure about what to do next - can you help me? 我有点拿不准下一步该做甚么——你能帮帮我吗？
unsure of yourself
■without confidence in yourself 对自己没有信心
• As a new teacher I was very unsure of myself when I was in front of a class. 作为一名新教师站在全班面前时，我很不自信。
adj. 不确定的；不肯定的；没有自信的
 - indefinite, inconclusive

Word: ailment
Front: ailment
[ˈeɪlmənt] (托宝 8723/11277 -1)
Vocabulary: ailment
(once / 1438 pages)
n
If you've got a rash or a persistent cough, you can call that an ailment. Some other common ailments are allergies or chronic headaches. They can be a real pain. Literally.
The word ailment comes from the Old English eglan meaning "to trouble, plague, afflict," and the suffix -ment from the Latin mentum, which when added to the end of word describing an action turns that word into the result of that action. So the result of something that troubles, plagues or afflicts you is an ailment — a pain or discomfort that just doesn't seem to go away.
WORD FAMILY
ailment: ailments+/ ail: ailed, ailing, ailment, ails
USAGE EXAMPLES
Spurning the American tendency to treat every ailment with medication, he instead explored the body’s ability to heal itself.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
For the Jets, wide receiver Brandon Marshall is inactive after being questionable with hip and shoulder ailments.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
He died of cancer and other ailments, his daughter said.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 疾病（尤指微恙）; 不安
分布：疾病(84%)，小病(16%)
→ail,生病的，-ment,名词后缀。
【记】ail读：哎哟，得了小病的呻吟声
noun countable
■an illness 小病，微恙
• Treat minor ailments yourself. 一点儿小毛病可以自己治。
n. 小病；不安
 - tension, unrest

Word: gym
Front: gym
[dʒɪm] (中雅 3876/9878 -2)
Vocabulary: gym
(once / 2271 pages)
n
A gym is a building or room that's meant for playing indoor sports or exercising. You might go to the gym to pump iron, or you might go to the gym to see who else is pumping iron.
The word gym is a shortened form of gymnasium, originally a Latin word meaning "school for gymnastics," from the Greek gymnasion, "public place where exercises are practiced." The preferred way to dress at a gym these days is in shorts or sweatpants, but back in Ancient Greece, men commonly exercised naked — hence the root gymnazein, "to train naked."
WORD FAMILY
gym: gyms
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It’s game time,” said Sampson, who previously worked as a manager at the gym.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Pictures of them line the walls of the club’s gym, groups of a dozen men in camouflage clustered around the blue-and-red flag of the separatists.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
At the gym in mid-August, her vision became blurry.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
Back: n. <非正>健身房; 体育馆; 室内健身操; 体操
分布：健身房(60%)，体育馆(35%)，体育课(5%)
noun
 ADVANCED uncountable
■gymnastics, especially when done as a subject at school （尤指作为学校课程的）体操，健身操
• a gym skirt 体操裙
• gym shoes 体操鞋
• Class 3 do gym on a Wednesday afternoon. 第三班在星期三的下午上体操课。
 ADVANCED countable
■a large room with weights for lifting, horizontal bars and other equipment for exercising the body and increasing strength 健身房；体操馆
• I go to the gym twice a week. 我每星期都去健身房两次。
uncountable US for * physical education
n. 健身房；体育；体育馆
 - gymnasium, physical culture

Word: carnage
Front: carnage
[ˈkɑ:nɪdʒ] (托宝 11499/15158 -1)
Vocabulary: carnage
(once / 2192 pages)
n
Carnage is mass murder. If you have seen news footage of a village after a bomb has been detonated, you probably saw a scene of carnage.
Carnage comes from the Latin carnaticum, meaning "flesh" or "slaughter of animals." Carnage is often used to describe the brutal killing of many people, but can also refer to large numbers of animals that have been butchered.
WORD FAMILY
carnage: carnages
USAGE EXAMPLES
More and more people may conclude that it is the president’s failed, divisive policies that must change if the carnage is to end.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Still, images of the carnage circulated on social media early Sunday.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
But China on Friday cemented a timeline to help reduce the carnage, pledging to close down its domestic ivory market within a year.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 大屠杀，残杀
分布：大屠杀(83%)，残杀(17%)
→来自词根carn, 肉，来自PIE *sker, 砍，切，词源同saw, shear. -age, 集合名词后缀。
【记】carn肉。或car车，rnage＝rage愤怒－车愤怒的开－大屠杀
US ['kɑ:r-] noun uncountable
■the violent killing of large numbers of people, especially in war （尤指战争中的）大屠杀，残杀
• The Battle of the Somme was a scene of dreadful carnage. 索姆河战役是一片可怕的大屠杀惨象。
n. 大屠杀；残杀；大量绝灭
 - holocaust, bloodbath

Word: grammar
Front: grammar
[ˈgræmə(r)] (中高研四六雅 8367/2979 -K2)
Vocabulary: grammar
(once / 409 pages)
n
Grammar is the set of language rules that you use, most of the time unconsciously, to create phrases and sentences that convey meaning.
You may dread studying grammar, but in fact you already know much of the grammar of your native language. If you grew up speaking English, no one had to tell you that "Throw the ball to me," is a sentence in English, but "Ball the me to throw" is not. You may, though, need coaching to avoid common errors — “bad grammar" — like “Throw the ball to he and I,” where you should say “Throw the ball to him and me.”
WORD FAMILY
grammar: grammarian, grammars, grammatic, grammatical +/ grammarian: grammarians/ grammatical: grammatically, ungrammatical/ungrammatical: ungrammatically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Running year-round in four-week sessions, the program consists of 12 levels of language attainment, with components including grammar and vocabulary, essay writing, and conversational English.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
A study by researchers at Carnegie-Mellon University compared this year’s Republican and Democratic presidential candidates in terms of their vocabulary and grammar.
Salon(Dec 18, 2016)
Top scientists fear plans for more grammar schools in England will not boost disadvantaged pupils' grades.
BBC(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 语法; 语法书; （学术的）基本原理; （人的）语言知识及运用能力
分布：语法(84%)，文法(16%)
→来自gram, 刻，写，后指文字，字母。该词在中世纪有魔咒，神秘学等词义，见其拼写变体glamour. 现该词主要指语言学习，语法。
语法,文法(gram+mar→写的[规则]→语法)[graph,gram=write,表示"写,图"]
n.语法,语法书The telegram says that the diagrams show the grammar of the program.电报说图表表示程序的语法.
US [-ɚ] noun
 ESSENTIAL uncountable
■(the study or use of) the rules about how words change their form and combine with other words to make sentences 文法；文法学
countable mainly UK
■a book of grammar rules 文法书
• a German grammar 一本德语文法书
n. 语法；语法书
 - syntax, phraseology

Word: conversely
Front: conversely
[ˈkɒnvɜ:sli] (研四六雅 8066/6671)
Vocabulary: conversely
(once / 5106 pages)
adv
The word conversely is an adverb that means "the opposite" or "on the other hand." It is often used to introduce an idea that is different from one stated before. You say the photo is a fake. Conversely, the photographer claims it's real.
The adverb conversely has its origin in the Latin word convertere, which means "to turn about." In the following quote by Journalist Andy Rooney note how the word balances the two sentences: "The closing of a door can bring blessed privacy and comfort - the opening, terror. Conversely, the closing of a door can be a sad and final thing - the opening a wonderfully joyous moment."
WORD FAMILY
converse: conversation, conversed, conversely, converses, conversing+/ conversation: conversational, conversationalist, conversationist, conversations/conversational: conversationally/ conversationalist: conversationalists/conversationist: conversationists
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Conversely, the disaster showed what kind of spirit exists in East Tennessee and across the state, as the outpouring of support for Sevier County continues.”
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Conversely, a green canopy isn’t a sign of a tree’s health, Green said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 19, 2016)
And companies are often wary of over-notifying customers, for fear of brand damage or, conversely, that breach-fatigued consumers will ignore important messages.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adv. 相反地，颠倒地; 倒地; 反之; 反过来
分布：相反地(100%)
ad.相反地Conversely, you might say that it is ridiculous.反过来说,你可以说它很古怪.
ADV
相反地;反过来说
You say conversely to indicate that the situation you are about to describe is the opposite or reverse of the one you have just described.
例：In real life, nobody was all bad, nor, conversely, all good.在现实生活中，没有彻头彻尾的坏人，相反地，也没有完完全全的好人。
adv. 相反地
 - contrary, counter, backward, inversely

Word: hut
Front: hut
[hʌt] (研四六宝 5321/4208 -2)
Vocabulary: hut
(once / 194 pages)
n
If you've ever camped under a wooden lean-to, you know what a hut is — it's a simple, usually temporary shelter that doesn't do much more than keep the rain off your head.
A hut can be built from many different materials, including wood, stone, snow, or even cardboard. What all huts have in common is a simple design and the intention that it provide a short-term shelter from the weather. Campers, hikers, and skiers often rest or sleep in huts. The word comes from the French hutte, "cottage," which has its root in the Old English word for "to hide," hydan. Hut was originally used in English to describe military dwellings.
WORD FAMILY
hut: huts
USAGE EXAMPLES
One visitor likened it to a 1970s scout hut.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Also last year, someone scrawled graffiti on a Sukkot hut at the synagogue.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 25, 2016)
The journey to the hut is as rich as the destination itself.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 小屋; 棚屋; 临时营房; 牢房
v. 使住临时营房; 驻扎
分布：小屋(73%)，棚屋(25%)，在棚屋中隐蔽(2%)
→来自古法语hutte,村舍，来自skeu,隐藏，遮盖，词源同hide,house.后该词用于指简陋的小棚，小舍，house用于指屋子，大型建筑物。
n.小屋,棚屋Shut in the hut, I'm puzzled how to cut down the output of nuts.关在茅棚里,我为削减坚果的产量犯难.
【记】hut远远看去象一个破hat（n 帽子）
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a small, simple building, usually consisting of one room （通常只有一个房间的）小屋
• a mountain hut 山间小屋
• a row of beach huts 一排海滩小屋
n. 小屋；临时营房
 - shed, cottage, cabin
vt. 使住在小屋中；驻扎
 - station
vi. 住在小屋中；驻扎
 - quarter

Word: terry
Front: terry
[ˈteri] (-/3052)
Back: n. 毛巾布; （用以做毛巾的）毛圈棉织物
分布：毛圈棉织物(67%)，特丽(女子名(33%)
→词源不详，可能来自法语 tire,拉出的，拉长的，来自 der,撕，撕开，词源同 tirade,tear. 引申词义毛巾布织物。
['ter.i/ (UK also terry towelling) (US also terry cloth)
noun uncountable
■a type of thick cotton cloth with short threads on each side, used especially for making towels (= thick cloths used for drying) 毛巾布
n. 厚绒布； [纺] 毛毛圈
 - imperials

Word: rigour
Front: rigour
[ˈrɪgə(r)] (研 -/9776 -1)
Back: n. 严厉，严酷，苛刻; （气候等的）严酷
分布：严格(64%)，严密(22%)，艰苦(14%)
US [-ɚ] noun uncountable
FORCEFULNESS 强硬
■forceful or extremely strict obedience of rules 严厉；严格；苛严
• They were punished with unusual rigour. 他们遭到了非常严厉的惩罚。
the rigours of sth
■the unpleasant or severe conditions of something 严峻、严酷的条件
• They survived the rigours of the winter. 他们熬过了严冬。
UK (ALSO US rigor) UK ['rɪg.ər] US [-ɚ] noun uncountable
CARE 小心 slightly formal approving
■when you look at or consider every part of something carefully to make certain that it is correct or safe 严密；缜密；严谨
• Her arguments lacked intellectual rigour. 她的论点不够理智和严谨。
n. 严格；严厉；苛刻；精确
 - precision, severity, rigidity

Word: thirst
Front: thirst
[θɜ:st] (高研四六雅 10813/11770 -1)
Back: n. （口）渴; 渴感; 长期的干渴
vi. 渴望; 口渴
时态：thirsted, thirsting, thirsts
分布：口渴(43%)，渴望(37%)，渴求(20%)
→来自古英语 thurst,口渴，干渴，来自 Proto-Germanic*thurs,使干旱，干渴，来自 ters,干 的，词源同 torrid,terrain.
n.渴,口渴;(for)渴望,热望The firm fireman first overcame thirst desire.坚定的消防员首先克服口渴欲望.
US [θɝ:st] noun
NEED FOR DRINK 需要饮水
[S or U]
■a need for something to drink 渴，口渴
• Hundreds of refugees collapsed from hunger and thirst. 成百上千的难民饥渴得瘫倒在地上。
• I've got a terrible thirst after all that running. 跑了那么长的路，我渴得要命。
• I woke up with a thumping headache and a raging (= extreme) thirst. 我醒来时头痛欲裂，口渴难耐。
UK [θɜ:st] US [θɝ:st] noun
WISH 渴望
only singular literary
■a strong wish 渴望
• He's always had a thirst for adventure. 他总是渴望冒险。
UK [θɜ:st] US [θɝ:st] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  thirst after/for sth literary
■to feel very strongly that you want and need a particular thing 渴求，渴望
• to be thirsting for justice/truth/adventure 渴求正义／真理／冒险
long, yearn, thirst
这组词都有“渴望”的意思，其区别是：
long: 指诚心诚意地渴望某事或物。
yearn: 通常指急迫不安地渴望或向往，着重怀有柔情或热情。
thirst: 原义指对食物或饮料的渴求，引申指全力以求。
n. 渴望；口渴；热望
 - aspiration, longing for
vi. 渴望；口渴
 - rare, aspire

Word: overhead
Front: overhead
[ˌəʊvəˈhed] (高研四六雅 5527/7523 -2)
Vocabulary: overhead
(once / 422 pages)
1adjnadv 2n 3n 4n
Anything that's located above you is overhead — it’s literally over your head. An overhead compartment on an airplane is a good place to stash your carry-on suitcase. Overhead is also the money it takes to run a business.
Overhead works as both an adjective and an adverb: "An overhead view of the football field gives the spectators a better idea of the game, and a drone flying overhead is the perfect way to achieve it." There's also an overhead stroke in tennis, an overhead projector showing a movie in science class, and the overhead, or up-front expenses, that a new business requires.
WORD FAMILY
overhead: overheads+/ forehead: foreheads/ head: forehead, headed, header, headful, heading, headless, headlike, heads, headship, heady, overhead, subhead/headed: headeder, headedest, headedly, unheaded/ header: headers/ heading: headings, subheading/headship: headships/ heady: headier, headiest, headily/subhead: subheads/subheading: subheadings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The coal is transported into the power plant through a 14km long, blue, snake-like conveyor belt, saving Reliance Power the overhead costs of railroad transportation.
The Guardian(Dec 01, 2016)
With the increased overtime regulation does come increased overhead.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 01, 2016)
United recently introduced a class that’s worse than economy: passengers board last and have no overhead bin space.
The Guardian(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 上面的，高架的; 头顶上的; （费用等）经常的，管理的
n. 天花板; 管理费用，经常费用; 船舱的顶板; [体]（网球等的）扣杀
adv. 在头顶上; 在空中; 在楼上; 向上
分布：在头顶上(44%)，在空中(20%)，高架的(9%)，在头上的(8%)，经常开支(8%)，在高处(7%)，普通用费(4%)
a.在头顶上的;架空的ad.在头顶上The plane flew overhead.飞机在头顶上飞.
US ['oʊ.vɚ-] adjective adverb
■above your head, usually in the sky 在头顶上（的）；在空中（的）
• overhead cables 高架电缆
• A flock of geese flew overhead. 一群大雁从空中飞过。
• This room needs overhead lighting (= lights in the ceiling). 这个房间需要有顶灯。
UK ['əʊ.və.hed] US ['oʊ.vɚ-] adjective [before noun]
■relating to the overheads of a business 企业日常开支的；营运费用的
• One way of increasing profit margins is to cut overhead costs. 增加利润的其中一个方法是减少管理费用。
UK ['əʊ.və.hed] US ['oʊ.vɚ-] noun
TEXT/PICTURES 文字／画面
countable (also _overhead trans^parency)
■a transparent sheet used for showing text or pictures with an overhead projector 幻灯片，投影片
UK ['əʊ.və.hed] US ['oʊ.vɚ-] noun
COSTS 开支
overheads [plural] UK (US overhead countable)
■the regular and necessary costs, such as rent and heating, that are involved in operating a business （公司的）经常性开支，营运费用，经费
• We need to reduce our overheads. 我们需要减少经常性开支。
• Many businesses are moving out of New York because the overhead there is so high. 许多企业正迁出纽约，因为那里的营运成本太高了。
adv. 在头顶上；在空中；在高处
 - aerially
n. 天花板； [会计] 经常费用
 - ceiling boarding, current expenses

Word: lengthen
Front: lengthen
[ˈleŋθən] (六托 11453/9590 -1)
Vocabulary: lengthen
(once / 923 pages)
v
To lengthen is to make something longer, either physically or in time. During the spring and early summer, the days lengthen, as sundown comes later and later.
Mascara lengthens your eyelashes, and letting out your hem lengthens your jeans. As time goes by, your years of experience lengthen, and if you don't cut your hair or trim your beard, those lengthen as well. Lengthen dates from the 14th century — earlier, the verb was length, from a Germanic root that's also the basis of "long."
WORD FAMILY
lengthen: lengthened, lengthening, lengthens+/ length: lengthen, lengths, lengthy /lengthening: lengthenings/ lengthy: lengthier, lengthiest, lengthily, lengthiness/ long: length, longed, longer, longest, longing, longingly, longish, longly, longness, longs/longest: longests/ longing: longings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Her longevity is putting a spotlight on the medical care, nutrition and up-to-date therapeutic techniques that are helping lengthen zoo animals’ lives.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
The Huskies entered the night averaging nearly 87 points per game but Cal Poly lengthened possessions and forced Washington to work at the offensive end.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
From that moment until June 21, the days will begin to lengthen.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 延长; 伸长
时态：lengthened, lengthening, lengthens
分布：延长(87%)，加长(13%)
→length,长度，-en,使。
verb intransitive or transitive
■to make something longer, or to become longer 延长，拉长，加长；变长
• I'll have to lengthen this skirt. 我必须把这条裙子放长一些。
• lengthening waiting lists 越来越长的等候者名单
Opposite shorten If you lengthen something, or it lengthens, it takes longer to happen 推迟；延迟，延期
• There is a plan to lengthen the three-year course to four years. 计划要将三年的课程延长为四年。
enlarge, extend, stretch, prolong, inflate, expand, increase, multiply, lengthen, add, augment, amplify
enlarge: 放大（照片）
extend: 使…（在空间或时间上）更大，更长；伸长，伸展，延展；舒展（肢体），extend sth
stretch: vt 拉长，撑大；绵延，延续
prolong: 人为的延长时间
inflate: 使（轮胎、气球等）充气，膨胀，inflate sth (with sth)
expand: 使…变大，扩大，扩展，expand sth into sth
increase: 增加，增大（数目、数量、体积等），increase sth from…to…
multiply: 成倍的增加
lengthen: 指自然的延长时间或空间
add: 加，添加，add sth to sth
augment: vt 增多，增大，augment sth
amplify: 特指音量，电流等的扩大
vt. 使延长；加长
 - elongate
vi. 延长；变长
 - get long

Word: butler
Front: butler
[ˈbʌtlə(r)] (11155/5463 -1)
Back: n. 男管家; 仆役长; 司膳官
分布：男管家(72%)，仆役长(28%)
→but, 同bottle, 酒瓶。原指贵族或封建领主的侍酒者，酒管。
US [-lɚ] noun countable
■the most important male servant in a house, usually responsible for organizing the other servants 男管家
n. 男管家；仆役长
 - khansamah, buttler

Word: jamboree
Front: jamboree
[ˌdʒæmbəˈri:] (宝 29269/33661)
Vocabulary: jamboree
(once / 23734 pages)
n
A jamboree is a festive party or gathering. Your backyard jamboree might bother your neighbors, unless you invite them to join you.
When you throw a jamboree, there's usually music, cheering, or other kinds of noise involved. You can call any large celebration a jamboree, as long as it's full of celebration and raucous enthusiasm. Jamboree is an American English invention from the 1860's. The word's origin isn't certain, although experts suspect a connection to shivaree, or charivari, a French folk tradition of greeting a newly married couple by making a whole lot of noise, in a mock serenade.
WORD FAMILY
jamboree: jamborees
USAGE EXAMPLES
From 1985 to 1988, Latin Quarter was the central hotbed for New York rap: a raging party, proving ground, networking opportunity and combustible jamboree.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
The roster of seven transfers — including five-star recruit Michael Porter Jr. — begins its 2016-17 season Monday as part of Mercer Island’s jamboree.
Seattle Times(Nov 27, 2016)
High-school football was more than just sports — it was a tent revival, a carnival, a jamboree.
New York Times(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: n. 狂欢活动; 大型童子军集会
分布：童子军大会(60%)，庆祝会(20%)，喧闹的集会(20%)
→词源不详，可能来自jam,塞，挤。最初用于指童子军大会，后引申词义大型聚会。
【记】原指：国际性的童子军大会jam（n /v 拥挤），boree（n 相思树）：拥挤在相思树下狂欢。Jam果酱，bore（v 使烦扰；钻孔），e－吃果酱都烦了－狂欢
noun countable
■a large organized event which many people go to, or a busy, noisy occasion or period 大型集会；喧闹的聚会，狂欢活动
• The beer festival was a huge open-air jamboree with music, stalls and everyone enjoying themselves. 啤酒节是一个大型的露天狂欢活动，有音乐和货摊，每个人都尽情享乐。

Word: percent
Front: percent
[pə'sent] (中高研四六雅 -/2802 -5)
Vocabulary: percent
(once / 59 pages)
n
A percent is part of something, split into a hundred pieces. For example, fifty percent of forty is twenty.
You'll hear a lot about percent and percentages in math. A percent can go from 0 percent to 100 percent. A percent is calculated by comparing a part of something compared to the whole. A baseball player's batting average is a percent. Athletes are known for talking about numbers that are impossible, like "I gave 110 percent!" You can do that in slang, but don't try it in math class.
WORD FAMILY
percent: percents
USAGE EXAMPLES
The statewide rate was 26 percent, compared with 38 and 39 percent in the two counties.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Ninety days after diagnosis, 51 percent reported fatigue, 32 percent cough, and 28 percent shortness of breath.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Thus, for most people, 80 percent of the calories we expend each day are due to RMR.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 百分比，百分数; 百分之一
adj. 百分之…的，每一百中有…的; 百分之…支付利息的
adv. 以百分之…地，每一百中有…地
分布：百分比(92%)，百分之 ...(4%)，百分之 ... 的(4%)
百分之…[cent=hundred,表示"一百"]
n.(percent)百分之...的"Ten percent of the cents are made in recent centuries," he said with strong accent."百分之十的分币是最近几个世纪制造的,"他带着浓重的口音说.
US [pɚ-] adverb
 ESSENTIAL
■for or out of every 100, shown by the symbol % 百分之…（符号为%）
• You got 20 percent of the answers right - that means one in every five. 你的答案中20%是对的，也就是说每五个中有一个是对的。
• Only 40% of people bothered to vote in the election. 只有40%的人肯花时间参加选举投票。
percent, percentage
这两个名词均可表示“百分比”之意。
percent或per cent: 系拉丁语per centum的缩略，通常和一个具体数字连用，指具体的百分比。
percentage: 不受数字修饰，不指具体的百分比，通常用在一些形容词或起形容词作用的词之后，可也单独使用。
n. [数] 百分比，百分率；部分；百分数
 - proportion, part, portion, integral, fraction

Word: clarence
Front: clarence
['klærəns] (-/12586)
Back: n. 一种双座四轮马车
分布：名词(100%)

Word: imbue
Front: imbue
[ɪmˈbju:] (托宝 12805/14278 -1)
Vocabulary: imbue
(once / 1899 pages)
v
To imbue is to fill up with or become "soaked" in an idea or emotion, as a sponge takes in water. One visit to Africa might be enough to imbue ambitions in a medical student to return to heal the sick.
You can use imbue in a similar way as "saturate," or "soak through," to describe a filling or absorbing. A "hue" is a color, and it rhymes with imbue. When you're imbued with something, you are, in a way, colored by it. If you imbue a dish sponge with oily orange water from a spaghetti bowl, the color and the oil soak in. To fill people with qualities or emotions is, for example, to imbue them with strength or optimism.
WORD FAMILY
imbue: imbued, imbues, imbuing
USAGE EXAMPLES
His poetry is imbued with the modest substance of his life.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
Mr. Baker imbues the character with a tormented single-mindedness that neatly defines his predicament.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
In principle, this imbues the system with the capacity to notice latent emotions, just as human therapists do.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vt. 灌输; 使感染; 浸染
时态：imbued, imbuing, imbues
分布：灌输(62%)，使充满(23%)，使感染(15%)
→来自拉丁语imbuere,弄湿，浸泡，可能来自imbibe,喝，饮，吸收。引申词义灌输，充满。
verb
  Phrasal Verbs  imbue sth/sb with sth formal
■to fill something or someone with a particular feeling, quality or idea 使…充满…；将…灌输给…
• His poetry is imbued with deep, religious feeling. 他的诗歌充满了深厚的宗教情感。
vt. 灌输；使感染；使渗透
 - indoctrinate, infuse

Word: ineligible
Front: ineligible
[ɪnˈelɪdʒəbl] (托宝 15452/19247)
Vocabulary: ineligible
(once / 6549 pages)
adj
To be ineligible is to not qualify for something.
When you're eligible for something — like a contest — you are allowed to enter. Being ineligible is the opposite; it means that you can't enter or participate in something. After a certain age, children are ineligible for playing Little League baseball. Students below a certain grade point average are ineligible for scholarships. People born outside the United States are ineligible to run for President. If you want to know who's eligible and ineligible for something, check the rules or laws.
WORD FAMILY
ineligible: ineligibility+/ eligibility: eligibilities/ eligible: eligibility, eligibly, ineligible /ineligibility: ineligibilities
USAGE EXAMPLES
A department spokesman says about 15,000 more people lost the benefits or became ineligible for them between April and November.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
She said she received a message stating her request was ineligible as it “may carry connotations offensive to good taste and decency.”
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Barcelona won its record 28th Copa title last season, when Madrid was disqualified in the opening round for fielding an ineligible player.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 无入选资格的，不合格的; 无被选权
分布：不适当的(35%)，不适任的(26%)，不合录用资格的人(13%)，无被选任资格的人(13%)，无被选任资格的(13%)
→in-,不，非，elegant,有资格的。
【记】eligible（adj 符合条件的；合格的）
adjective
■not allowed to do or have something, according to particular rules 无资格的；不合格的
• He was declared ineligible for the competition because he worked for the company that ran it. 他被宣布没有资格参赛，因为他是该比赛主办公司的工作人员。
• Many people became ineligible to receive state aid because their earnings were above the new limit. 许多人失掉了领取政府救济金的资格，因为他们的收入超过了新制定的限额。
adj. 不合格的；不适任的；无被选资格的
 - rejected, unqualified

Word: reveller
Front: reveller
[ˈrevələ(r)] (45309/20673)
Back: n. 摆设酒宴者，饮酒狂欢者
分布：摆设酒宴者(44%)，饮酒狂欢者(42%)，=reveler.(14%)

Word: bride
Front: bride
[braɪd] (高研 4871/5104 -2)
Back: n. 新娘，即将（或刚刚）结婚的女子; 姑娘
分布：新娘(100%)
→词源同bread, 面包。女人结婚后工作职责之一。比较wife, 词源同weave.
n.新娘Riding on the ridge of the bridge, the proud bride shouts loudly to the cloud.骄傲的新娘骑在桥脊上对着云大声喊.
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a woman who is about to get married or has just got married 新娘；即将（或刚）结婚的女子
• He returned from New York with his lovely new bride. 他和漂亮的新娘一起从纽约回来了。
• The bride and groom posed for pictures outside the church. 新娘和新郎在教堂外摆姿势照相。
• As the mother of the bride, I feel obliged to wear something really spectacular. 作为新娘的母亲，我得穿戴得华丽一些。
n. 新娘；姑娘，女朋友
 - judy, colleen

Word: mediator
Front: mediator
[ˈmi:dieɪtə(r)] (托 9087/12425)
Vocabulary: mediator
(once / 2005 pages)
n
A mediator is a person who helps negotiate between two feuding parties. When a married couple is considering getting divorced, they sometimes hire a mediator to help them come to an agreement, and possibly even avoid divorce.
The word mediator goes back to the Latin word medius, which means middle. A mediator is supposed to remain in the neutral middle rather than taking one side over another, in order to help both sides resolve a dispute. Mediators negotiate between employers and employees, disputing couples, and in schools helping kids work out their conflicts peacefully rather than fighting on the playground or lunchroom.
WORD FAMILY
mediator: mediators+/ intermediate: intermediated, intermediately, intermediates, intermediating, intermediation, intermediator/intermediation: intermediations/intermediator: intermediators/ mediate: intermediate, mediacy, mediated, mediately, mediateness, mediates, mediating, mediation, mediator, mediatory/ mediated: unmediated/ mediation: mediations/mediatory: mediatorily
USAGE EXAMPLES
The role of mediator is one Chancellor embraces, and it’s an important one on a team with big personalities and alpha males.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
As I wrote in my very first Mediator column in March, it is not the mainstream, non-opinion news media’s job to determine outcomes.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
An independent mediator was being sought after U.S.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 调停者; 调解人; 传递者; 中介物
分布：调解人(66%)，介质(34%)
→来自mediate,调停，调解，-or,人。即中间人，调解者，最初该词用于指耶稣基督，即基督在人和神之间的沟通和调停，后词义通用化。
调解人(mediate+or人)[med=middle,表示"中间"]
VERB
调解;调停;斡旋
If someone mediates between two groups of people, or mediates an agreement between them, they try to settle an argument between them by talking to both groups and trying to find things that they can both agree to.
例：My mom was the one who mediated between Zelda and her mom...我妈妈充当了泽尔达和她妈妈之间的调解人。
例：United Nations officials have mediated a series of peace meetings between the two sides...联合国官员已经促成了双方的一系列和平会谈。
VERB
调节;影响
If something mediates a particular process or event, it allows that process or event to happen and influences the way in which it happens.
例：...the thymus, the organ which mediates the response of the white blood cells...胸腺——调节白血球的反应的器官
例：People's responses to us have been mediated by their past experience of life.人们对我们作出的反应受到了他们过去生活经历的影响。
n. 调停者；传递者；中介物
 - adjuster, bridgebuilder

Word: sanitation
Front: sanitation
[ˌsænɪˈteɪʃn] (托 10135/15674 -1)
Vocabulary: sanitation
(once / 3754 pages)
n
Sanitation has to do with making things clean, especially by sterilizing.
Have you ever used hand sanitizer to make sure your hands are germ-free? Then you should have an idea what sanitation is: making something clean (sanitary). Sanitation workers pick up your garbage, keeping your neighborhood clean. Sanitation is important in restaurants and also for surgical instruments. You wouldn't want a surgeon to touch you with an instrument that hadn't gone through sanitation, because it would probably have germs.
WORD FAMILY
sanitate: sanitated, sanitates, sanitating, sanitation
USAGE EXAMPLES
Dozens of 20-ton sanitation trucks weighted with an extra 15 tons of sand will block off streets leading to the celebration zone.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The sanitation trucks are meant to prevent terrorist attacks like those in Berlin this month and Nice, France, over the summer.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The Sanitation Department says that what he does is legal.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 卫生系统或设备
分布：卫生设备(52%)，公共卫生(40%)，下水道设施(8%)
→来自拉丁语 sanus,健康的，词源同 sane,健康的。-ation,名词后缀。引申词义卫生设备。
卫生(设备)(sanit+ation)[San,sanit=healthy,表示"健康的"]
【记】读：撒你tation－撒你一身的尿－需要采取卫生措施
noun uncountable
■the systems for taking dirty water and other waste products away from buildings in order to protect people's health 下水道设施，卫生设备
• Many illnesses in these temporary refugee camps are the result of inadequate sanitation. 这些临时难民营中许多疾病都源于排污设施不完善。
sanitation, sanction
sanitation: n.公共卫生，环境卫生，卫生设备。
 • Strict sanitation is used in businesses such as barber shops and restaurants.   在理发店和餐馆等营业场所执行严格的公共卫生制度。
sanction: n.认可，准许，批准。
 • I need my parents' sanction to stay out late.   我晚回家需要得到父母的批准。
n. [医] 环境卫生；卫生设备；下水道设施
 - hygiene of environment, environmental health

Word: processor
Front: processor
[ˈprəʊsesə(r)] (4612/3348 -2)
Back: n. 加工; 数据处理机; （计算机的）中央处理器; 加工机（或工人）
分布：处理器(98%)，加工者(2%)
→来自process,加工，处理。
US ['prɑ:.ses.ɚ] noun countable
■the part of a computer that performs operations on the information that is put into it （电脑的）处理器
⇒ See also microprocessor
n. 处理器； [计] 处理程序； [经管] 加工者
 - treater, processing program

Word: ambiguous
Front: ambiguous
[æmˈbɪgjuəs] (高研六托雅宝 7071/6442 -2)
Vocabulary: ambiguous
(once / 1082 pages)
adj
Look to the adjective ambiguous when you need to describe something that's open to more than one interpretation, like the headline "Squad helps dog bite victim."
Newspaper headlines can be unintentionally funny when they're ambiguous. In "Squad helps dog bite victim," is the squad helping a victim of a dog bite or helping a dog bite a victim? The ambi- prefix means "both ways," while the guous part is from the Latin verb agere, "to lead or drive." Thus an ambiguous sentence or situation drives us in two different directions at once. The accent is on the second syllable, "big," which you can remember since something that's ambiguous can lead to big misunderstandings.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
ambiguous / ambivalent
Something ambiguous is unclear or vague, like the end of a short story that leaves you scratching your head. But if you're ambivalent about something, you can take it or leave it. Whatever.
Ambiguous is something that is confusing or has more than one meaning. It can be the ambiguous look your ex-girlfriend gives you as she leaves the library, or the ambiguous ending of the movie Lost Highway, where you don't know what the heck just happened. Here's the word in action from the news:
Are there threads you might come back to later, or was that a deliberate choice to leave some things about him ambiguous? (New York Times)
"The election law in New York is written in an ill-defined, ambiguous way," Goldfeder said, adding that he did not believe any laws were broken. (Reuters)
Ambivalent is when you don't hate something, but you don't love it either. Since you feel two ways about it, you don't really care. It's often used to describe feelings, attitudes, and relationships:
Danya, now nearly 14, was ambivalent about leaving, drawn toward being a teenager in New York City. (New York Times)
Valentine's Day When You're Dating a Woman You're Ambivalent About. (All Word News)
He had told me early on that he was ambivalent about his maleness but had made peace with it. (New York Times)
When choosing between ambiguous and ambivalent, consider whether you are describing something that is unclear or vague: that's ambiguous. If it's a fluctuation in attitude or feeling, that's ambivalent. If you're ambivalent about ambiguous movie endings, stay away from David Lynch and stick to blockbusters when the good guys win.
WORD FAMILY
ambiguous: ambiguity, ambiguously, unambiguous +/ ambiguity: ambiguities, unambiguity/ unambiguous: unambiguously
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ambiguous lines of authority, Card added, are likely to be “a challenge.”
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Instead, it’s both virtuosic and ambiguous, yielding more to chew on than most videos of its era or ours.
Time(Dec 28, 2016)
“Estonians are not nervous — at best, apprehensive in the face of ambiguous messages,” he said.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 含糊的，不明确的; 引起歧义的; 有两种或多种意思的; 模棱两可
分布：模棱两可的(75%)，含糊不清的(25%)
a.引起歧义的,模棱两可的,含糊不清的This is an ambiguous article.这是一篇含意不清的文章.
【记】ambi二方面，guous做…的－做二件事的－含糊的
adjective
 ADVANCED
■having or expressing more than one possible meaning, sometimes intentionally 含糊不清的；引起歧义的，模棱两可的；不明确的
• His reply to my question was somewhat ambiguous. 他对我的提问回答得有些含糊不清。
• The wording of the agreement is ambiguous. 该协议的措辞模棱两可。
• The government has been ambiguous on this issue. 在此问题上政府立场一直不明确。
faint, dim, indefinite, vague, obscure, ambiguous
这组词都有“不明确的，模糊的”的意思，其区别是：
faint: 指对某事物印象不深，或指声音微弱或希望的渺茫等。
dim: 侧重指或因光线暗淡，或因年代久远、身体欠佳等因素而产生视觉或察觉方面的困难。
indefinite: 指无明确定义或限定，重点或总体轮廓不明确。
vague: 多指因语言不确切，太笼统或因构思含糊、不完善而造成模糊难解。
obscure: 语气最强，指晦涩难懂。
ambiguous: 指文章或讲话中，意思可能有多种理解，令人捉摸不定。
dim, unclear, vague, obscure, ambiguous
这组词都有“模糊”的意思，其区别是：
dim: a.光线暗淡的，看不清的；记忆力模糊的；不大可能的。
 • Don't work in dim light.   不要在昏暗的光线下工作。
 • His changes of recovery from illness are dim.   他康复的可能性十分渺茫。
unclear: a.指句意、字迹不清楚，使人难以看懂；不肯定的。
 • Unclear writing is difficult to understand.   模糊的字迹使人难以辨认。
 • It is unclear whether the economy will get better.   经济是否好转仍不明朗。
vague: a.含混的，不清楚的，多用于比喻意义，用来表示因逻辑关系不清、言辞笼统而导致的意义不清楚，该词也可表示轮廓形状的不清楚和模糊。
 • He has some vague ideas about what to do, but nothing specific.   他大概知道他要做什么，但没有具体的计划。
obscure: a.用于表达因光线不足而使人看不清楚。该词的引申意义可以表示语法、文字、记忆等因复杂、深奥、模棱两可而使人看不懂和无法理解。
 • The poetry of Ezra Pound is sometimes difficult to understand because it contains so many obscure references.   艾兹拉·庞德的诗有时候难以理解，因为诗歌中含有许多令人费解的典故。
ambiguous: a.意义含糊的，有歧义的，指因字、词、句有歧义而使人感到模糊不清、难以理解和把握。
 • His ambiguous directions confused us; we did not know which of the two roads to take.   他的模棱两可的指导使我们很迷惑以至于我们不知道该走哪条路了。
adj. 模糊不清的； [数] 引起歧义的
 - blurred

Word: attacker
Front: attacker
[əˈtækə(r)] (8701/6197 -2)
Back: n. 攻击者; 进攻者; 抨击者; （球类比赛的）攻击手
分布：攻击者(99%)，抨击者(1%)
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■a person who uses violence to hurt someone 袭击者；攻击者
• The police think she must have known her attacker. 警方认为她肯定认识袭击她的人。
n. 攻击者；进攻者
 - offensiver, assailant

Word: backbencher
Front: backbencher
[ˌbækˈbentʃə(r)] (-/12770 -1)
Back: n. 后座议员
分布：座于众院后方席上随声附和的人(100%)
US [-tʃɚ] noun countable
■a member of the British parliament who does not have any official position in the government or in one of the opposing parties （英国议会的）后座议员，普通议员，后排议员
• The advantage of being a backbencher is that you can speak your mind. 当后座议员的好处是可以畅所欲言。
Compare frontbencher

Word: erase
Front: erase
[ɪˈreɪz] (研托雅宝 5776/9495 -1)
Vocabulary: erase
(once / 1196 pages)
v
When you erase something, you eliminate or delete it, often by physically wiping it out. It's easy to erase chalk from a blackboard, but not so easy to erase graffiti from the side of a building.
There are several ways to erase: you can erase a pencil mark with an eraser; you can digitally erase information on your computer or recording device; and you can figuratively erase something by removing all evidence of it. Peaceful people hope to erase war from the earth, for example — to take away every last trace of it. The Latin root eradere means "scrape out."
WORD FAMILY
erase: erasable, erased, eraser, erases, erasing, erasure +/erasable: unerasable/eraser: erasers/ erasure: erasures
USAGE EXAMPLES
The distinction between fact and fiction was erased, creating a sprawling universe of competing claims.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
The legislation is likely to erase the mandate that people buy insurance or face hefty IRS fines, which Republicans despise.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Teachers and literacy organizations often decry such moves as censorship that erase important literature from curriculums.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: vt. 擦掉; 抹去; 清除
时态：erased, erasing, erases
分布：抹去(72%)，擦掉(28%)
→e-, 向外。-ras, 刮，磨，词源同raze, rodent.
擦掉(e出+rase→擦出去)[Ras,rad=scrape,表示"刮擦"]
v.擦掉;删去;消磁I did my best to erase the event from my memory.我尽全力从记忆中抹去这件事.
US [-'reɪs] verb transitive
MARK 痕迹 mainly US (UK usually rub out)
■to remove something, especially a pencil mark by rubbing it 抹去，擦掉（尤指铅笔字迹）
• It's in pencil so you can just erase anything that's wrong. 这是用铅笔写的，这样你就可以把任何错误的地方擦掉。
UK [ɪ'reɪz] US [-'reɪs] verb transitive
SOMETHING RECORDED 录存的资讯
■to remove recordings or information from a magnetic tape or disc 抹去（磁带内容）；删除（磁片里的文件）
• A virus erased my hard disk. 病毒把我硬碟中的资讯给删了。
UK [ɪ'reɪz] US [-'reɪs] verb transitive
SOMETHING PAST 过去的事情
■to cause a feeling or memory, or a time to be completely forgotten （从头脑中）清除，消除；忘却（感觉、记忆等）
• Tiger Woods is determined to erase the memory of a disappointing Cup debut two years ago. 老虎·伍兹决心要把两年前初次参加高球赛时令人失望的表现永远忘掉。
• Taylor wants a convincing victory to erase doubts about his team's ability to reach the World Cup finals. 泰勒想要透过大比数获胜来消除人们对他的球队能否打入世界杯决赛的疑虑。
• One election cannot erase 65 years of a corrupt one-party political process. 一场选举并不能将长达65年腐败的一党专政的政治历程抹去。
■literary
■to remove or destroy someone or something, or anything showing that they existed or happened 消除；消灭；清除
• The President said NATO expansion will finally erase the boundary line in Europe artificially created by the Cold War. 总统说北约的扩展将最终消除冷战在欧洲造成的人为界限。
• Years of hard living had blurred but not erased her girlhood beauty. 多年的艰辛岁月使她芳容暗淡，但少女时代的美貌仍然依稀可辨。
• He was a man of mystery - erased from the history books. 他是一个充满神秘色彩的人物——有关他的任何情况都已不见于史册。
extinguish, dispose, erase, exclude, cancel, eliminate, abolish
这组词都有“取消，除掉”的意思，其区别是：
extinguish: v.熄灭，扑灭(火)；使沉默，使暗淡。
 • Firefighters extinguished a big fire.   消防队员扑灭了大火。
dispose: v.处理，处置；表示“除掉、扔掉”时常与of连用。(这一点需要注意。)
 • After your picnic, please dispose of the litter.   野餐后请清除掉垃圾。
erase: v.除去，擦掉，指有意识地除去字迹、声音等。
 • I erased the music on the tape before recording on the tape again.   我在往磁带上录音之前先消掉了上面的音乐。
exclude: v.排斥；排除，不包括在内，与include互为反义词。
 • The restaurant excludes anyone who is not properly dressed from entering.   衣冠不整者不得进入该餐馆。
cancel: v.对预先安排的某种活动(如旅行、计划、会议等)的取消；删去(字、句)。
 • The meeting has been cancelled because of the flu.   会议由于流感而取消了。
eliminate: v.指消除、淘汰已经存在但是现在不需要的东西。
 • The losing team was eliminated from further competition.   失利的那个队被淘汰了，不能参加下一阶段的比赛。
 • The doctor helped him eliminate toxins from the intestine.   医生帮助他排出肠中毒素。
abolish: v.指对法律、习俗、制度的废除；完全破坏。
 • The government abolished the tax on alcohol.   政府取消了酒税。
vt. 抹去；擦除
 - efface

Word: downside
Front: downside
[ˈdaʊnsaɪd] (8709/20493 -1)
Back: n. 下降趋势; 负面，消极面
adj. 下降趋势的
分布：负面(86%)，消极面(14%)
noun only singular
■the disadvantage of a situation 不利的一面，不利因素
• The downside of living here, of course, is that it is expensive. 在这里生活的不利因素当然就是生活费用很高。
• Unemployment, inflation and greater inequality are often the downside of a market economy. 失业、通货膨胀和不平等的加剧常常是市场经济的劣势。
Compare upside

Word: oyster
Front: oyster
[ˈɔɪstə(r)] (六托 6305/9897 -1)
Vocabulary: oyster
(once / 623 pages)
1nv 2n
An oyster is an animal that lives in the sea, a rough-shelled mollusk. To find a pearl inside an oyster, you first have to find a "pearl oyster" — a rare cousin of the oysters people commonly eat.
You can usually tell you've found an oyster on the beach because its shell is bumpy and irregular, unlike the smoother clams or mussels you might see. There are few kinds of oysters that are edible (both cooked and raw), and many others that aren't. You may have heard the expression "the word ls your oyster," which is one of Shakespeare's many linguistic inventions; he means the world is yours to seize, open, and use as you wish.
WORD FAMILY
oyster: oystering, oysters
USAGE EXAMPLES
A morsel of tempura-fried geoduck belly dipped in oyster mayonnaise was the most unforgettable bite at Scout’s chef’s counter.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Only I wasn’t ordering wine: All this to-do was over a round of oysters.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
Essentially: dressing up like Florence Welch’s cat-lady aunt after a day spent foraging for oyster mushrooms.
The Guardian(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 牡蛎; <俚>守秘密的人; 鸡背肉; 沉默寡言的人
时态：oystered, oystering, oysters
分布：牡蛎(100%)
→来自古法语oistre,来自拉丁语ostreum,牡蛎，来自ost,骨头，词源同ossify,osseous.
US [-stɚ] noun countable
■a large flat sea creature that lives in a shell, some types of which can be eaten either raw or cooked, and other types of which produce pearls (= small round white precious stones) 牡蛎，蚝
n. 牡蛎， [无脊椎] 蚝；沉默寡言的人
 - Gigas, ostracean

Word: secularism
Front: secularism
[ˈsekjələrɪzəm] (15937/29230)
Vocabulary: secularism
(once / 9991 pages)
n
Secularism is a way of life and thinking that rejects religion. So if you're into secularism, you're not into God, going to church, praying, or anything holy.
Some people dig religion. Other people don't. And it's those people that live a life of secularism, far removed from anything that has to do with God or church. Instead of worrying about heaven or hell, secularism focuses on life as it is on Earth. People who are secularists particularly believe that religious ideas and beliefs should have nothing to do with government affairs or public education.
WORD FAMILY
secularism: secularist+/ secular: secularise, secularism, secularize, secularly, seculars/secularise: secularisation, secularised, secularising/secularist: secularists/secularization: secularizations/secularize: secularization, secularized, secularizes, secularizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
At least one woman was fined by police for not wearing an outfit deemed to respect “good morals and secularism”.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
The Russian leader was fighting the “militant secularism of a multicultural and transnational elite.”
The New Yorker(Dec 23, 2016)
But in many ways Jamshed’s life encapsulated the long struggle in Pakistan — an overwhelmingly Muslim nation of 180 million people — between secularism and orthodox Islam.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 现世主义; 世俗主义; 宗教与教育分离论; 政教分离论
分布：世俗主义(85%)，宗教与教育分离论(15%)
→secular,世俗的，-ism,主义。
US [-jə.lɚ-] noun uncountable
■the belief that religion should not be involved with the ordinary social and political activities of a country 现世主义；世俗主义

Word: redundant
Front: redundant
[rɪˈdʌndənt] (研六托雅宝 12969/4968 -2)
Vocabulary: redundant
(once / 2892 pages)
adj
The word redundant applies to things that are unnecessary or could be left out. Calling a blank sheet of paper empty is redundant.
Teachers often tell students to avoid being redundant — meaning avoid saying something twice or more. Have you ever heard someone tell a story and repeat the same thing over and over? The repeated parts are redundant. Sometimes being redundant can make things clear, but it can also be annoying. Redundant can apply to anything that's overflowing or unnecessary. If a business has two stores on the same street, one is redundant. When you hear redundant, think "Too much!"
WORD FAMILY
redundant: redundance, redundancy, redundantly+/redundance: redundances/ redundancy: redundancies
USAGE EXAMPLES
But with the rise of the mobile phone, the redundant kiosks are increasingly being put to inventive uses, from miniature art galleries to pint-sized pubs.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
He said the program was determined to be redundant and inefficient and did not provide increased security.
Reuters(Dec 22, 2016)
It would thus become redundant and available for dispatch elsewhere.
Economist(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 多余的，累赘的; （因人员过剩）被解雇的，失业的; 重沓; 衍
分布：解雇的(100%)
→来自拉丁语 redundare,流出，来自 red-,往后，-und,水，水流，词源同 undulate,abound.即流出 的，多余的，引申词义被裁员的。
多余的(red反复+und+ant→反复波动→多余的)[und=wave,表示"波动"]
a.多余的,过剩的,冗长的The redundant labour in factories is a big problem.工厂的过剩劳力是个大问题.
【记】red，und＝under，ant蚂蚁：蚂蚁下面有红色－蚂蚁搬家铺了红地毯－多余的
【反】economical（adj 节约的；经济的）
adjective
NOT EMPLOYED 不被雇用的
 IMPROVER UK
■having lost your job because your employer no longer needs you 失业的；被解雇的；被裁减的
• To keep the company alive, half the workforce is being made redundant. 为了使公司生存下去，一半的员工要被裁掉。
• figurative New technology often makes old skills and even whole communities redundant. 新技术常常会使古老的技艺甚至是某个行业完全消失。
[rɪ'dʌn.dənt] adjective
EXTRA 额外的
■(especially of a word, phrase, etc.) unnecessary because it is more than is needed （尤指词、短语等）多余的，不需要的，累赘的，唆的
• In the sentence, "She is a single unmarried woman", the word "unmarried" is redundant. 在句子 She is a single unmarried woman 中，unmarried 一词是多余的。
adj. [计] 多余的，过剩的；被解雇的，失业的；冗长的，累赘的
 - spare, unnecessary, surplus, waste, superfluous

Word: radicalism
Front: radicalism
[ˈrædɪkəlɪzəm] (16531/12731)
Vocabulary: radicalism
(once / 5344 pages)
n
In political science, the term radicalism is the belief that society needs to be changed, and that these changes are only possible through revolutionary means.
Most people think of left-wing politics when they use the noun radicalism, although people on both ends of the spectrum can be described as radical. The word radicalism comes from the Latin radicalis, "of or having roots," which in turn arose from radix, or "root." Both radical and radicalism came out of the idea that political change must "come from the root," or the very basic source of society.
WORD FAMILY
radicalism: radicalisms+/ radical: radicalism, radicalize, radically, radicals/ radicalize: radicalized, radicalizes, radicalizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
“These are not good signs for the destruction of radicalism,” he said.
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Spend any time in Columbus’ Somali American community and you’ll quickly see that it is not a hotbed of anger or radicalism.
Slate(Dec 03, 2016)
He demanded Friday that “the Islamic religion accept what all the others have accepted in the past... that radicalism and provocation have no place here.”
The Guardian(Nov 26, 2016)
Back: n. 激进主义; 基本原理
分布：激进主义(95%)，根本的改革主义(5%)
→来自 radical,激进的，-ism,主义，思想。
N-UNCOUNT
激进主义
Radicalism is radical beliefs, ideas, or behaviour.
例：Jones himself was a curious mixture of radicalism and conservatism.琼斯自己是个奇特的混合体，既保守又激进。
n. 激进主义
 - activism

Word: abate
Front: abate
[əˈbeɪt] (托宝 13243/13783 -1)
Vocabulary: abate
(once / 655 pages)
v
Something that abates becomes fewer or less intense. Your enthusiasm for skiing might abate after falling off a ski lift and getting a mouthful of snow.
Abate comes from the Old French verb abattre, "to beat down," and means to reduce or become less intense or numerous. As an intransitive verb, it is often used with something physically, emotionally, or figuratively violent, as in "the flood of fan mail began to abate." Using it transitively, if you take measures to abate pollution or noise, you reduce them. Pronounce abate with the stress on the second syllable (uh-BATE).
WORD FAMILY
abate: abatable, abated, abatement, abates, abating, abator+/abated: unabated/ abatement: abatements/unabated: unabatedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
But at least our global warming emissions are abating.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Some age-related declines, such as in memory and muscle coordination, didn’t abate.
Science Magazine(Dec 22, 2016)
In the last ten years of her parents’ marriage, Davis said, the violence abated and they grew close.
The New Yorker(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: vt. 减少，减轻; [法]取消法令，作废
vi. 减轻; 失效
n. 减轻; 折扣
时态：abated, abating, abates
分布：减弱(68%)，缓和(17%)，消除(15%)
→前缀a-同ad-. -bate同beat, 指打压下去。
减少,减轻(a不bat+e→不再打击→减轻[痛苦]等)[bat=beat,表示"打,击"]
【参】rebate（vt 给回扣），debate（v 辩论）
【记】ab离开，ate吃eat的过去式。离开吃的，惯用的减肥方法，目的是使自己的体重（减轻），使自己的公斤数（在数量上减少）。
【区】abase（v 使谦卑）把s想象成一个人跪着
【反】augment（v 增加）；intensify（v 加强）；promote（v 促进）；increase in intensity（剧烈增长）
[ə'beɪt] formal
verb intransitive
■to become less strong 减少；减弱；减轻；减退
• The storm/wind/rain has started to abate. 暴风雨／风／雨开始减弱了。
• The fighting in the area shows no sign of abating. 这个地区的战事没有任何缓和的迹象。
⇒ See also unabated
vt. 减轻；减少；废除
 - moderate, allay
vi. 减轻；失效
 - to alleviate, ease off

Word: slippery
Front: slippery
[ˈslɪpəri] (研四六托雅宝 7707/8641 -1)
Back: adj. 狡猾的; 滑溜的; 不可靠的
分布：滑的(73%)，狡猾的(21%)，不可靠的(6%)
→slip,滑出，滑动，-ery,形容词后缀。引申比喻义油滑的，耍滑头的。
a.滑的,滑溜的With his lips the sly fly clipped the slippery slipper that eclipsed his sight.狡猾的苍蝇用嘴唇夹住遮挡他视线的滑拖鞋.
US [-ɚ-] adjective
■wet, smooth or oily so that it slides easily or causes something to slide 湿滑的，容易打滑的
• slippery soap 湿滑的肥皂
• a slippery floor 湿滑的地板
• The road was wet and slippery. 道路又湿又滑。
■informal disapproving
■Someone who is slippery cannot be trusted 狡猾的，滑头的
• He's as slippery as an eel - you can never get a straight answer out of him. 他非常狡猾——你永远无法从他嘴里得到直率的回答。
• He's a slippery customer (= person) , that Tim, I've never felt comfortable with him. 那个蒂姆是个狡猾的家伙，和他在一起我总是感到不舒服。
adj. 滑的；狡猾的；不稳定的
 - designing, knowing, subtle, unstable

Word: yearn
Front: yearn
[jɜ:n] (六托雅宝 7999/11780)
Vocabulary: yearn
(once / 458 pages)
v
To yearn for something is to want it really bad. You might yearn for freedom or you might yearn for a perfect tamale. Usually you yearn for something or someone you can't easily get.
If you have a hankering for pie, you could also say that you yearn for it. Yearn also means to feel sweet on someone, or to have affection for something. If your girlfriend moves to Alaska and you’re stuck in Texas, you’d probably yearn for her. And when she comes back to visit, you would still yearn — meaning you’d still feel affection for her.
WORD FAMILY
yearn: yearned, yearner, yearning, yearns+/yearner: yearners/ yearning: yearnings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Over the years, he said, he yearned to move back.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
The frenzied “media,” and worn-out hospitality staffs and political party gurus yearning to be free.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
But calls to his mother, which he yearned for, usually left him disappointed.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vi. 渴望，切盼，向往; 想念，怀念，向往，留恋，恋慕
时态：yearned, yearning, yearns
分布：渴望(81%)，同情(9%)，想念(7%)，盼望(3%)
→来自gher,喜欢，想要，鼓励，词源同exhort,hortatory,charisma.
【记】1year1year的yearn
US [jɝ:n] verb intransitive
■to wish very strongly, especially something that you cannot have or something that is very difficult to have 渴望，切盼，渴求
• Despite his great commercial success he still yearns for critical approval. 尽管他在商场非常成功，但还是渴望得到评论家的认可。
• [+ to infinitive] Sometimes I just yearn to be alone. 有时我只想一人独处。
long, yearn, thirst
这组词都有“渴望”的意思，其区别是：
long: 指诚心诚意地渴望某事或物。
yearn: 通常指急迫不安地渴望或向往，着重怀有柔情或热情。
thirst: 原义指对食物或饮料的渴求，引申指全力以求。
vi. 渴望，向往；思念，想念；怀念；同情，怜悯
 - rare, aspire

Word: thorny
Front: thorny
[ˈθɔ:ni] (托宝 13200/18411 -1)
Back: adj. 多刺的; 痛苦的; 棘手的
级别：thornier, thorniest
分布：棘手的(76%)，多刺的(15%)，痛苦的(9%)
→来自 thorn,刺，引申词义棘手的，麻烦的。
【记】thorn（n 荆棘），th死，orn装饰：用荆棘可以装饰死你。
【反】smooth（adj 平滑的）
US ['θɔ:r-] adjective
PROBLEM/SUBJECT 问题／题目
[before noun]
■describes a problem or subject that is difficult to deal with 棘手的，麻烦的
• the thorny issue of taxation 棘手的税收问题
UK ['θɔ:.ni] US ['θɔ:r-] adjective
PLANT 植物的
■having thorns 多刺的；带刺的
• a thorny rose bush 带刺的玫瑰丛
adj. 多刺的；痛苦的；令人苦恼的
 - painful, bitter, hurt

Word: fraudulent
Front: fraudulent
[ˈfrɔ:djələnt] (托宝 11131/11893 -1)
Vocabulary: fraudulent
(once / 1966 pages)
adj
Something fraudulent is intentionally false and meant to harm or deceive. That email message from the Sultan of Brunei offering you millions of dollars just might be fraudulent.
From the fact that the word fraudulent is frequently teamed with the word scheme, you can get the idea that something fraudulent is sneaky, snarky, and just plain wrong. A fraudulent scheme is one designed to gain something at the expense of someone else. It might be small — trying to use an expired coupon — or bigger — lying on your taxes. Whatever its form, planning something fraudulent is cheating, and it's wrong.
WORD FAMILY
fraudulent: fraudulence, fraudulenter, fraudulently
USAGE EXAMPLES
On Tuesday, a federal judge approved charges of illicit association and fraudulent administration against Fernández and two former aides in a corruption case.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Now federal officials allege he funneled $600 million in fraudulent claims to this impoverished pocket of Appalachia, and the government turned off the spigot.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
So enough of this fraudulent talk of elites, metropolitan or otherwise.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 欺骗的，不诚实的; 奸诈
分布：欺诈的(61%)，不诚实的(21%)，不正的(18%)
→来自fraud, 欺骗。
US ['frɑ:-] adjective
CRIME 犯罪的
■dishonest and illegal 欺骗的，欺诈的
• A worrying trend for insurers has been a rise in fraudulent claims. 令保险公司不安的是，诈骗性的索赔呈上升趋势。
UK ['frɔ:.djʊ.lənt] US ['frɑ:-] adjective
FALSE 假的
■intended to deceive 意图欺诈的，欺骗性的
• They claim that the fall in unemployment is based on a fraudulent manipulation of statistics. 他们声称失业率下降是对统计资料进行欺骗性操纵的结果。
adj. 欺骗性的；不正的
 - crank-sided, knavish

Word: companion
Front: companion
[kəmˈpæniən] (高研四六托雅宝 3547/3024 -2)
Vocabulary: companion
(once / 54 pages)
nv
A companion is one who serves as a friend or partner in something. Whether it’s travel or dinner or card-playing, your companion is the one who does it with you.
The word companion is a close, um, companion to the word company, and you might as well say that someone you keep company with is your companion. Sometimes, it describes a piece of art or other work that goes with another. For instance, you might read a biography of Emily Dickenson as a companion to her studying her poems. The things go together and complement each other.
WORD FAMILY
companion: companionable, companioned, companioning, companions, companionship +/ companionable: companionability, companionableness, companionably/ companionship: companionships
USAGE EXAMPLES
But his companions didn’t seek medical treatment, not then and not for hours.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The woman in the trench coat is guided to the back of the bus by her companion.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
McMaster is getting a lot of attention, but a half-dozen other candidates are emerging as potential companions for the primary ballot.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 同伴; [天]伴星(=~star); （用于书名）指南; 同甘共苦的伙伴
vt. 同行; 陪伴
时态：companioned, companioning, companions
分布：同伴(79%)，陪伴(15%)，参考书(4%)，志趣相投的人(1%)，成对物品之一(1%)
→来自company, 伴侣，陪伴。
n.同伴,共事者;伴侣In the company my companion accompanied me until I accomplished polishing the shoes.在公司里同伴陪着我直到我完成檫鞋(任务).
【记】company（n 公司，陪伴）
noun countable
PERSON 人
 ADVANCED
■a person you spend a lot of time with either because you are friends or because you are travelling together 同伴；伙伴；伴侣
• The dog has been her constant companion these past ten years. 在过去的这十年里，这只狗一直与她形影不离。
• a travelling companion 旅伴
■old use
■in the past, a young woman who was paid to care for and provide friendship for an old or ill woman, especially while she was travelling 陪护（旧时受雇陪伴老太太或女性病人旅行的年轻女子）
[kəm'pæn.jən] noun countable
OBJECT 物件 old-fashioned
■either of two matching objects （成对物件中的）一件
• I've still got one of the candlesticks but I've lost its companion. 我还拥有一个烛台，却把另一个配对的弄丢了。
[kəm'pæn.jən] noun countable
BOOK 书
■used in the title of the type of book which gives you information on a particular subject or tells you how to do something （用于书名）指南，手册
• the Music Lover's Companion 《音乐爱好者指南》
comrade, companion, colleague, partner, fellow, associate
这组词都有“同事，伙伴”的意思，其区别是：
comrade: 指具有共同的事业、利益关系相一致的人。
companion: 指陪伴他人的人，即同伴或陪伴。
colleague: 一般用于对同事的正式称呼，基本上专用在职业关系上。
partner: 指事业中处于合伙关系的人，或指婚姻、游戏、跳舞中的另一方。
fellow: 多用复数形式，指一块住、生活或同行共事的人。
associate: 普通用词，侧重指在利害关系上密切相关。
n. 同伴；朋友；指南；手册
 - friend, guide, fellow, manual, notebook
vt. 陪伴
 - attend, keep company

Word: occupier
Front: occupier
[ˈɒkjupaɪə(r)] (20295/8232 -1)
Vocabulary: occupier
(once / 7337 pages)
n
An occupier is the person who legally lives in the house, apartment, or other dwelling in question. If the census taker comes to your home, she'll want to know if you are the occupier of the house, how many people live there with you, and so on.
Occupier is based on occupy, which itself is from the Latin occupare, meaning to take over or possess. An occupier is also an army that lives and works in a conquered foreign country. After World War II, the American, British, French, and Russian armies were all occupiers of the German city of Berlin. Each country controlled its own areas, but eventually, the American, British, and French section became West Berlin, and the Russian section became East Berlin.
WORD FAMILY
occupier: occupiers+/ occupancy: occupancies/ occupant: occupants/ occupation: occupational, occupations/ occupational: occupationally/ occupied: occupiedly, unoccupied/ occupy: occupancy, occupant, occupation, occupied, occupier, occupies, occupying, preoccupy / preoccupation: preoccupations/ preoccupied: preoccupancy, preoccupiedly/ preoccupy: preoccupation, preoccupied, preoccupies, preoccupying
USAGE EXAMPLES
Typically, the focus is on security for the Israeli occupier, not for the occupied Palestinians who are in fact utterly insecure.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Attorney Peter Neronha says the occupiers left the building at about 11:30 p.m.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
A pin on his cap proclaimed support for Sheriff Glenn Palmer, a sympathizer of the refuge occupiers’ cause.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 居住人; 占有者; 占用者
分布：占有者(58%)，占领军的一员(28%)，居住者(14%)
US ['ɑ:.kjə.paɪ.ɚ] noun
LIVING 生活
countable UK
■someone who lives or works in a particular room, building or piece of land, or someone who is using it 居住者；占用人
• The envelope was simply addressed to 'The Occupier'. 信封上只写著「住户收”。
UK ['ɒk.jʊ.paɪ.ər] US ['ɑ:.kjə.paɪ.ɚ] noun
CONTROLLING 控制
countable usually plural
■someone who has moved into a place and taken control of it 占领，占据
• The occupiers were driven out after fierce street fighting. 在惨烈的巷战之后，占领军被赶了出去。
n. 居住人；占有者；占用者
 - appropriator, seizor

Word: recoup
Front: recoup
[rɪˈku:p] (13747/13886 -1)
Vocabulary: recoup
(once / 5445 pages)
v
To recoup is a kind of recovery: If you lost some money but then made that amount back, you recouped your loss.
When you recuperate, you get better after being sick. And when you recoup something, you get better or bounce back after a loss. Businesses that lose money try to recoup it by throwing a sale or cutting their budget. If a runner falls behind in a race but then speeds up to the front of the pack, he's recouped his lead. In some cases this word also means "to reimburse."
WORD FAMILY
recoup: recouped, recouping, recoups
USAGE EXAMPLES
Manufacturing vehicles requires billions of dollars in investments in plants and engineering — costs that are often difficult to recoup.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
The Seahawks would also by rule be allowed to recoup the signing bonus money for the two years remaining on his contract.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Mr. Seeger said he is negotiating with Medicare, which is allowed in class-action cases of this kind to recoup its medical expenses already spent.
New York Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: vt. 补偿，收回; 偿还; [法]扣除，扣留
vi. 恢复
n. 获得补偿
时态：recouped, recouping, recoups
分布：补偿(84%)，重获(16%)
→来自法语 recouper,砍下，来自 re-,向后，往回，-coup,砍，切，词源同 coup,coupon,cope.原义 为减少成本，弥补损失，后用于指收回成回。
verb transitive
■to get back money that you have spent or lost 补偿；弥补；收回（成本）
• It takes a while to recoup the initial costs of starting up a business. 要收回开创新公司投入的先期成本需要一段时间。
• The gambler recouped his losses in the next game. 这个赌徒在随后一局中赢回了输掉的钱。
vt. 收回；恢复；偿还；扣除
 - replace, restore, repair, tender, withdraw

Word: microwave
Front: microwave
[ˈmaɪkrəweɪv] (高六托 5846/7268 -2)
Vocabulary: microwave
(once / 2293 pages)
nv
A microwave is a small oven that cooks or heats food very quickly. Instead of the electric or gas heat that a regular oven uses, a microwave heats with electromagnetic radiation.
While the heat of a regular oven (or a small toaster oven) surrounds your food and cooks it from the outside, with the heat working its way in, a microwave's radiation cooks most food from the inside out. Its radiation, or waves, penetrate the food and heat up any moisture inside it. These waves are themselves called microwaves because they're short (and micro- means "small"), similar to radio waves.
WORD FAMILY
microwave: microwaved, microwaves, microwaving+/ unwavering: unwaveringly/ wave: microwave, waved, wavelet, wavelike, waver, waves, waving, wavy/wavelet: wavelets/ waver: wavered, waverer, wavering, wavers/waverer: waverers/wavering: unwavering, waveringly, waverings/waving: wavings/wavy: wavier, wavily, waviness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The humble space includes a kitchenette with a stove-top, microwave, sink and refrigerator.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
To his surprise, microwaves emanating from the ground suggested that in some parts of the oven-hot desert, the soil is moist.
Science Magazine(Dec 15, 2016)
The company’s squat orange bots look like microwave ovens with a grudge.
The New Yorker(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: n. 微波; 微波炉
vt. 用微波炉加热（或烹饪）
时态：microwaved, microwaving, microwaves
分布：微波(80%)，微波炉(19%)，用微波炉加热(1%)
→micro-,微小的，wave,波，水波。
微波(micro＋wave波)[micro-表示"微,小"]
US [-kroʊ-] noun countable (also microwave oven)
■an electric oven that uses waves of energy to cook or heat food quickly 微波炉
• Put the fish in the microwave and it'll only take 5 minutes. 把鱼放到微波炉里，只需五分钟就可以了。
■a very short electromagnetic wave used for cooking food or for sending information by radio or radar 微波
n. [物] 微波
 - wavelet

Word: rumble
Front: rumble
[ˈrʌmbl] (托宝 8741/11387 -1)
Vocabulary: rumble
(once / 690 pages)
1vn 2n 3n
Are you ready to rumble? To rumble is to throw down, or fight. If you hear a truck rumble down your street, don’t put up your dukes — to rumble also means to make a low, deep sound.
Thunder rumbles just before you see lightning flash, and dogs sometimes rumble a low warning growl when they see someone unfamiliar. As a noun, rumble can mean "a low sound," “a seat in the back of a carriage” (the rumble seat) or " a street fight." It's a little old fashioned today to call a gang brawl a rumble, but if you've ever seen the movie "West Side Story," you've seen the rumble between the Jets and the Sharks.
WORD FAMILY
rumble: rumbled, rumbles, rumbling+/rumbling: rumblingly, rumblings
USAGE EXAMPLES
While I meandered through my twenties, locked in my pseudo-bohemian stance, the remnants of that money rumbled along.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
At the same time, Solimini wrote down every time that he heard the loud rumble on the first floor of his house, five blocks away.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
The “Fridge” captivated the football world when the 300-pounder rumbled for a Chicago touchdown against the Green Bay Packers on Monday Night Football in 1985.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vi. 隆隆作响; （车辆）辘辘行驶
vt. 低沉地说; 在滚筒里磨光或混合（金属零件）; 看穿（阴谋）
n. 隆隆声，辘辘声; 抱怨声; 吵闹声，喧哗声; （旧式汽车车厢后的）折叠加座
时态：rumbled, rumbling, rumbles
分布：隆隆声(78%)，辘辘声(10%)，使辘辘响(6%)，发隆隆声(6%)
【记】象声词
verb
SOUND 声音
intransitive
■to make a continuous low sound 发出隆隆声；发出辘辘声；发出低沉连续的响声
• Please excuse my stomach rumbling - I haven't eaten all day. 不好意思，我肚子在咕咕叫——我一整天都没吃东西了。
• The tanks rumbled (= moved slowly, making a continuous noise) across the battlefield. 坦克轰鸣着驶过战场。
['rʌm.bl] verb
DISCOVER 发现
transitive usually passive UK informal
■to discover the true facts about someone or something secret and often illegal 发现，察觉，看穿（某人的秘密或非法事情的真相）
• I'm afraid our little tax dodge has been rumbled. 恐怕我们逃税的小把戏被识破了。
['rʌm.bl] verb
FIGHT 打架
intransitive Australian informal
■to take part in a physical fight 打架；打群架
vt. 使隆隆响；低沉地说
 - drone
n. 隆隆声；抱怨声
 - thrump, brattle

Word: shove
Front: shove
[ʃʌv] (研六托宝 4384/6604 -2)
Back: vt. & vi. 推，猛推
vt. 〈口〉乱放，乱塞; 随手扔
n. 推，推开
时态：shoved, shoving, shoves
分布：推(59%)，挤(16%)，推挤(9%)，撞(8%)，乱塞(5%)，乱放(3%)
→来自古英语 scufan,推开，猛推，猛挤，来自 Proto-Germanic*skeub,推，挤，来自 skeubh, 推，挤，词源同 shovel,shuffle.可能相关于 skek,摇动，晃动，词源同 shake,shock.
vt.乱推;乱塞vi.用力推,挤n.猛推He gave me a shove.他推了我一把.
【记】为了show自己的力量而shove；shovel（n 铁锹）是有l（柄）的用来shove的工具
verb
PUSH 推
intransitive or transitive
■to push someone or something forcefully 推，推挤，推撞
• She was jostled and shoved by an angry crowd as she left the court. 她离开法庭时，被愤怒的人群推来搡去。
• Just wait your turn - there's no need to shove. 请按顺序等——没必要挤来挤去。
• Reporters pushed and shoved as they tried to get close to the princess. 记者们推来挤去，想靠近公主身边。
[ʃʌv] verb
PUT 放
transitive + adverb or preposition informal
■to put something somewhere in a hurried or careless way 乱放；随便放；乱丢
• I'll just shove this laundry in the washer before we go out. 我们出去之前，我要把这些待洗的衣服扔到洗衣机里。
• "Where should I put this suitcase?" "Shove it down there for the moment." “我该把这个手提箱放哪里?”“暂时先随便放在那里吧。”
• They can't just shove motorways anywhere they like, you know. 你知道，他们不能随便想在甚么地方建高速公路就在甚么地方建。
[ʃʌv] verb
MOVE BODY 移动身体
intransitive + adverb or preposition informal
■to move your body to make space for someone else 移动身体，挪动身体（以腾出地方）
• Shove over/along , Lena, and make some room for me. 莉娜，请挪一挪，让点地方给我。
• UK Why don't you shove up so that Brian can sit next to you? 你为甚么不挪一下？这样布莱恩就可以坐在你身边了。
[ʃʌv] verb
shove it slang
■a rude expression showing you have no respect for someone or for something that they have said 去他妈的，见鬼去吧
• When I told him he'd have to work harder, he said I could take the job and shove it. 我告诉他工作要再努力些，他叫我自己去做，他不稀罕。
[ʃʌv] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  shove sb around/about
■to push someone forcefully, in an unpleasant and threatening way 将（某人）推来撞去，对（某人）推推撞撞
• The older boys at school are always shoving him around. 学校里年龄大一点的男孩总是对他推推撞撞的。
■informal
■to tell someone what to do, in a rude or threatening way 随意差使；摆布
• Don't let them shove you around. You've got to stand up for your rights. 别任由他们摆布，你应该振作维护自己的权利。
[ʃʌv] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  Shove off! informal
■used to tell someone angrily to go away 走开！
• Just shove off, will you? 走开，好吗？
[ʃʌv] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  shove off
■to leave land in a boat, usually by pushing against the land with your foot or an oar （通常用脚或桨撑岸）推船离开；离岸
• She jumped into the dinghy and shoved off. 她跳进小艇，离岸而去。
[ʃʌv] noun countable
■when you shove someone or something 推，推挤
• Would you help me give the piano a shove? 你能帮我推一下钢琴吗？
thrust, propel, shove, push
这组词都有“推、推动”的意思，其区别是：
thrust: 常指迅猛地一推或突然有力地推进，侧重速度。
propel: 侧重指靠外力把人或物稳定、持续地向前推进。
shove: 一般指猛或费力地推开或移动人或物。
push: 普通用词，指用突然的力量把人或物推向前进、推开或推到另一位置上。
vt. 挤；强使；撞；猛推
 - squeeze, force one's way
n. 推；挤
 - push, jundy

Word: discern
Front: discern
[dɪˈsɜ:n] (研六托雅宝 7711/8773 -1)
Vocabulary: discern
(once / 315 pages)
v
If you can make out, pick out, or distinguish something, you can discern it. This is a word for recognizing and perceiving things.
Discerning has to do with being able to see or hear something. In a loud room, it can be hard to discern one person's voice. If there's not much light, you'll have trouble discerning the words on a page well enough to read. If you have sloppy handwriting, then it's hard to discern what you wrote. When you can discern something, you can tell what it is; you can identify it.
WORD FAMILY
discern: discernable, discerned, discernible, discerning, discernment, discerns+/ discernable: discernability, discernably/ discernible: discernibly, indiscernible / discerning: discerningly, undiscerning/ discernment: discernments/ indiscernible: indiscernibly/undiscerning: undiscerningly
USAGE EXAMPLES
After this year of fake news in US politics and elsewhere, I am hopeful that consumers of news will become much more discerning.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
In an era of fake news, it pays to be a more discerning news consumer.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
To be sure, researchers were not always able to discern a clear connection between climate change and the events they examined.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 看出; 理解，了解; 识别，辨别
vi. 辨明，分清
时态：discerned, discerning, discerns
分布：辨别(63%)，看出(27%)，察觉(10%)
→dis-, 分开，散开。-cern, 分开，词源同concern, certain. 即分散开，识别。
辨别;区分(dis分开＋cern→分开搞清→区别)[cern,cert,cret=sure,separate,表示"搞清,区别"]
v.认出,发现;辨别,识别It is difficult to discern the truth.很难了解真相.
US [-'sɝ:n] formal
verb transitive
■to see, recognize or understand something that is not clear 看出；辨别出；明白
• I could just discern a figure in the darkness. 在黑暗中我只能看出一个人影。
• It is difficult to discern any pattern in these figures. 在这些数字中很难找出规律。
discriminate, discern, distinguish
这组词都有“区别、辨别”的意思，其区别是：
discriminate: 语气强，指从十分相似的事物中辨出差异，尤其把好坏区分开来。
discern: 语义较笼统，着重精深与准确的观察力，不一定有能分辨关系密切的各项事物的含义。
distinguish: 普通用词，指辨别者的能力或实际观察到的区别，强调辨别所需的技巧。
discern, deem, regard
discern: 发现，看清，辨认
deem: 以为，相信，较正式，常用于法律、文学作品中，强调判断而非思考；
regard: 以为，认为，侧重凭外表或表面现象作判断，多强调观点
vt. 识别；领悟，认识
 - recognize, identify
vi. 看清楚，辨别
 - see clearly, tell from

Word: fortunate
Front: fortunate
[ˈfɔ:tʃənət] (高研四六托 5300/4680 -2)
Vocabulary: fortunate
(once / 57 pages)
adj
If you are lucky, you are fortunate. You can be fortunate to have avoided something terrible and you can be fortunate to have acquired, won, or been bestowed with something better than those around you, like wealth and good looks.
The adjective fortunate comes from the Latin word fortunatus, meaning “prospered,” “prosperous,” “lucky,” or “happy.” Fortunate is related to the word fortune and they have similar meanings, in the sense that those fortunate enough to have a fortune most likely have gobs of money and are sometimes called “the fortunate.” When it comes to predicting the future, you could get bad news from a fortune teller about what’s in store for you, but if you’re fortunate — she’ll say something good.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
fortunate / fortuitous
Get our your lucky rabbit's foot! Fortunate is lucky, but fortuitous means by chance or accident. Silly rabbit, these words aren't the same.
Fortunate means having good fortune that you're born with or win somehow. You're fortunate if you're rich, good looking, and in love. Here are some examples full of fortunes:
Let's say you are fortunate enough to have a good job and some savings. (Business Week)
More fortunate refugees have been taken in by local families. (Reuters)
Fortuitous traditionally refers to something that happens by accident or chance — either good or bad. It descends from the Latin forte, meaning "by chance." People often use fortuitous to mean lucky because they want to sound fancy, but you don't have to be one of them. Let's stumble upon these fortuitous examples:
Meetings with other individuals in the course of foraging, basking, or seeking shelter, are fortuitous and have no social significance. (John M. Legler)
There are also fortuitous street finds, like the Eames lounge chairs he discovered near their apartment in Greenwich Village. (New York Times)
Fortuitous has also been used to mean fortunate for so long that the meaning is morphing. Fortuitous is still separate from fortunate, though — it's closer to serendipity. The usage guru Bryan A. Garner notes that this usage of fortuitous is at stage 3 in his Language Change Index: "the form becomes commonplace even among many well-educated people but is still avoided in careful usage."
Don't thank that rabbit foot for your being so fortunate; after all, it wasn't so lucky for the rabbit. But if you're superstitious, it's fortuitous that you found it right before you bought that lottery ticket.
WORD FAMILY
fortunate: fortunately, fortunatest, misfortunate, unfortunate +/ fortune: fortunate, fortunes, misfortune /misfortunate: misfortunately/ misfortune: misfortunes/ unfortunate: unfortunately, unfortunates
USAGE EXAMPLES
Numbers like that, Whalen said, drive home how fortunate he is to be alive today.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
That no American church got bombed this Christmas is fortunate.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
“We were fortunate that someone of Allardyce’s caliber and experience was available,” Parish said in bringing him on.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 侥幸的，幸运的; 带来幸运的，吉利的
n. 有好运的人
分布：幸运的(85%)，带来幸运的(8%)，侥幸的(7%)
→来自fortune, 运气，财富。但词义财富的现已很少使用。
a.幸运的,侥幸的She is fortunate in having such a kind husband.她有这样一位好心的丈夫,真是幸运.
【记】fortune（n 运气）
【反】hapless（adj 不幸的）；untoward（adj 倔强的；麻烦的；不幸的）
US ['fɔ:r-] adjective approving
 ADVANCED
■lucky 幸运的
• [+ to infinitive] You're very fortunate to have found such a lovely house. 你能找到这么一栋漂亮的房子真是非常幸运。
• He was fortunate in his choice of assistant. 他很幸运，选择了一位好助手。
• [+ that] It was fortunate that they had left in plenty of time. 幸运的是他们留出了充足的时间。
Opposite unfortunate
favourable, lucky, happy, fortunate
这组词都有“有利的，好运的，顺利的”的意思，其区别是：
favourable: 普通用词，指预示从良好的结果中能得到明显好处，有利于达到目的。
lucky: 多指偶然机遇中的有利或幸运情况。
happy: 侧重指不是通过某种机会，而是凭借鉴另和选择手段而得到利益与好处。有时也指偶然得到的好处，但强调的是有利的结果。
fortunate: 指目前已存在的成功或有利情况，或指因好运或机会带来的成功和喜悦。
adj. 幸运的；侥幸的；吉祥的；带来幸运的
 - lucky, providential

Word: aisle
Front: aisle
[aɪl] (研雅 4484/7161 -1)
Vocabulary: aisle
(once / 565 pages)
n
An aisle is a passageway, often between seating areas or shelves. Brides walk down aisles in between church pews, while you might head to the cookie aisle in the supermarket.
An aisle is essentially a passageway between something. You have to walk down an aisle to reach your seat at a theater or concert hall, to get to your seat on a crowded airplane, or to reach the produce at your local supermarket. The ai in aisle is pronounced like a long i, so the word sounds like isle rather than ail.
WORD FAMILY
aisle: aisles
USAGE EXAMPLES
In preparation for the session next month, Pinto reached across the aisle to Rep. Ron Kresha, who will serve as co-host.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The bottle’s purple label with floral images was designed to attract female shoppers’ attention in a wine aisle dominated by dull colors.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Its former customers now roam the aisles of Walmart and Target, or fill their carts virtually.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 过道，通道; 侧廊，耳堂; 狭长的通路
分布：侧廊(100%)
→来自词根ala-, 翼，借指走廊，过道等。拼写受单词isle影响，最终拼写俗化为aisle.
n.(教堂,教室,戏院里的)过道,通道Clear the aisles, please.请让路.
noun countable
■a long narrow space between rows of seats in an aircraft, cinema or church （客机、电影院或教堂座席间的）走廊，过道，走道
• Would you like an aisle seat or would you prefer to be by the window? 您想要靠近走道的座位还是靠近窗户的？
■a long narrow space between the rows of shelves in a large shop （商店货架间的）通道
• You'll find the shampoo and the soap in the fourth aisle along from the entrance. 洗发水和肥皂在从入口处数第四个通道的货架上。
[aɪl] noun countable
go/walk down the aisle informal
■to get married 结婚
n. [建] 通道，走道；侧廊
 - door, exit, channel, route, walkway

Word: lastly
Front: lastly
[ˈlɑ:stli] (12764/9713 -1)
Back: adv. 最后，终于
分布：最后(72%)，终于(28%)
US ['læst-] (also last)
adverb
■used to show when something comes after all the other things in a list 最后，最后一点
• In accepting this award, I would like to thank the producer, the director, the scriptwriter and, lastly, the film crew. 获得这个奖项，我要感谢制片人、导演、编剧，还有摄制组全体成员。
in the end, at last, finally, at length, lastly, eventually
这组词都有“最后，终于”的意思，其区别是：
in the end: 与at last同义，但in the end不仅可指“过去”还可表示对“未来”的预计。
at last: 多指经主观努力，克服各种困难后才终于达到目的。
finally: 常与at last换用，都可用于对往事的描述，但finally不带感情色彩，指一系列事情的最后结局。
at length: 强调经历一段长时间后终于完成，侧重在时间部分。
lastly: 指连续顺序的最后，通常用在列举事情的场合。
eventually: 侧重于动作或行为的结果。
adv. 最后，终于
 - eventually, finally, ultimately

Word: handsomely
Front: handsomely
['hænsəmlɪ] (15611/14203)
Vocabulary: handsomely
(once / 1173 pages)
adv
To do something handsomely is to do it in a way that looks attractive or pleasing. If you arrange a bouquet of flowers handsomely, they'll look great even if they're in a pickle jar instead of a fancy vase.
A teenage boy might aspire to dress handsomely for his senior prom, wearing a nice tuxedo and bow tie. Another meaning of handsomely is "generously," or "substantially," so if the boy's boss at the neighborhood pizza shop pays him handsomely, he'll also be able to rent a limousine to transport him and his date to the dance.
WORD FAMILY
handsome: handsomely, handsomeness, handsomer, handsomest
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Packers finally resigned themselves to using Montgomery on a full-time basis at running back and it paid off handsomely in Week 15.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
In the process, certain very big businesses profited handsomely.
Washington Post(Dec 18, 2016)
If the Italian economy perks up, these would profit handsomely.
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adv. 大方地; 慷慨地; 精致地; <海>缓慢小心地
分布：漂亮地(39%)，慷慨地(37%)，相当优厚地(12%)，气派地(12%)
ADJ-GRADED
（男子）漂亮的，英俊的，帅气的
A handsome man has an attractive face with regular features.
例：...a tall, dark, handsome sheep farmer.高个子、黑皮肤的英俊养羊人
ADJ-GRADED
（女子）端庄健美的
A handsome woman has an attractive appearance with features that are large and regular rather than small and delicate.
例：...an extremely handsome woman with a beautiful voice.有着甜美嗓音的非常健美的女子
ADJ-GRADED
（金额）相当大的，可观的，优厚的
A handsome sum of money is a large or generous amount.
例：They will make a handsome profit on the property.他们会从这片地产中赚取丰厚的利润。
ADJ-GRADED
（建筑物、庭院等）宽敞而美观的，堂皇的，雄伟的
A place such as a building or garden that is handsome is large and well made with an attractive appearance.
例：...the ports of Dubrovnik and Zadar, with their handsome Renaissance buildings.拥有雄伟的文艺复兴时期建筑的杜布罗夫尼克港和扎达尔港
ADJ
（获胜）比分悬殊的，遥遥领先的
If someone has a handsome win or a handsome victory, they get many more points or votes than their opponent.
例：The opposition won a handsome victory in the election.反对党在竞选中以高票获胜。
adv. 漂亮地；慷慨地；相当大地
 - freely, beautifully, nicely

Word: lawless
Front: lawless
[ˈlɔ:ləs] (17085/19822 -1)
Vocabulary: lawless
(once / 903 pages)
adj
A lawless society is one without any rules or order. In some respects, the Old West era of the U.S. was a lawless time.
When you think of old-timey saloons and sheriffs and cowboys, you probably envision lawless bandits riding boldly into town — in other words, criminals accustomed to making their own rules, rather than following any established laws. A lawless city today is one that's in such chaos that order can't be kept, even by police officers. To be lawless is to be without law, which stems from the Old English lagu, "law or rule."
WORD FAMILY
lawless: lawlessness+/ law: lawful, lawless, laws, lawyer / lawful: lawfully, lawfulness, lawlessly, unlawful/lawlessness: lawlessnesses/ lawyer: lawyers/unlawful: unlawfully, unlawfulness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Lawless, a nursing student, was found dead in her car in November 1992 near the Benton exit off Interstate 55.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
In the words of fellow elector Tom Lawless: “Hell will freeze and we will be skating on the lava before I change.”
Washington Times(Dec 16, 2016)
The article echoed President-elect Trump’s consistent depiction of a lawless and overrun border.
The Guardian(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 违法的; 法律不及的; 无法无天的; 无艺
分布：无法无天的(89%)，违法的(11%)
US ['lɑ:-] adjective
■not controlled by laws, or illegal 不受法律控制的，无法无天的；违法的
• The film is set in a lawless city sometime in the future. 这部电影以未来某个不受法律控制的城市为背景。
adj. 非法的；无法律的
 - illegal, unauthorized, unlawful

Word: premiership
Front: premiership
[ˈpremiəʃɪp] (35475/13098)
Back: n. 总理，首相的职位与任期
分布：总理(85%)，首相之职位与任期(15%)
noun countable or uncountable
■the period when someone is Prime Minister , or the job of being Prime Minister 总理任期（或职位）； 首相任期（或职位）

Word: sprout
Front: sprout
[spraʊt] (研托雅宝 7981/11559 -1)
Vocabulary: sprout
(once / 1314 pages)
vn
A sprout is a small growth on a plant — a little new bud. Other things can sprout too: kids are constantly sprouting (growing).
The key thing to think of when you're trying to remember the meaning of sprout is growth — as a noun, a sprout is a new growth of a plant, and as a verb, to sprout means to grow. Sprouting mainly applies to height and to the young, whether you're talking about plants, people, or things. An older person who gains fifty pounds is growing but not sprouting.
WORD FAMILY
sprout: sprouted, sprouting, sprouts+/sprouting: sproutings
USAGE EXAMPLES
In winter that means lots of carrots, baby brussels sprouts and apples.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
New venture-capital arms of large corporations seem to sprout up every few months, enabling their executives to mingle and hunt for partnerships and acquisitions.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
Available at Sprouts and through home or office delivery.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vi. 发芽; 抽芽
vt. 使发芽; 使生长
n. 幼芽，新梢; [植]球芽甘蓝; 幼苗状物，年轻人; 美俚〉后代
时态：sprouted, sprouting, sprouts
分布：芽(73%)，萌芽(19%)，迅速成长(3%)，长芽(3%)，年幼者(2%)
→来自古英语-sprutan,发芽，出现，来自 Proto-Germanic*sprut,发芽，来自 spreud,发芽， 来自 sper,喷，洒，播种，词源同 spark,sprinkle.引申诸相关词义。
vi.发芽,抽条vt.使发芽n.新芽,嫩苗Buds sprout in the spring.芽在春天萌发.
verb
intransitive or transitive
■to produce leaves, hair and other new developing parts, or (of leaves, hair and other developing parts) to begin to grow 发（芽），抽（芽）；长出（毛发等）；（叶、毛发等）生长
• It takes about three days for the seeds to sprout. 这些种子大概要三天时间才会发芽。
• Your hair is sticking up - it looks like you're sprouting horns! 你的头发竖起来了——看起来跟长了角一样！
intransitive (also sprout up) informal
■If a large number of things sprout (up), they suddenly appear or begin to exist 涌现；突然出现
• New factories have sprouted up everywhere. 新工厂如雨后春笋般地四处涌现。
[spraʊt] noun countable
■a part of a plant that is just beginning to grow 苗；新芽；嫩枝
mainly UK * a brussels sprout
vi. 发芽；长芽
 - put, come into bud
vt. 使发芽；使萌芽
 - germinate, bud
n. [植] 芽；萌芽；苗芽
 - seed, bud

Word: eagle
Front: eagle
[ˈi:gl] (高研四六雅 45890/3850 -2)
Vocabulary: eagle
(once / 245 pages)
1n 2nv 3n
An eagle is a large bird that preys on smaller animals. Eagles, like hawks, are birds of prey, or raptors.
Eagles are big, grand birds with powerful bodies and broad wings. Their impressive stature is reflected in the fact that they have often stood for power on the coats of arms, seals, and other emblems of various countries, including the United States, which names the bald eagle as its national bird. The Latin root of the word eagle is aquila, "black eagle" or "dark bird."
WORD FAMILY
eagle: eagled, eagles, eaglet, eagling+/eaglet: eaglets
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Purple Eagles’ final 3 was off the mark.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Ichthyosaurs were disappearing from the seas when the Eagle Ford formed, some 88 million to 96 million years ago.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Prescott played just two series and Elliott not at all against the Eagles.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 鹰; 鹰状标志; [高]比标准杆少两杆的分数
v. [高]低于标准杆数两杆
时态：eagled, eagling, eagles
分布：鹰(100%)
→来自拉丁词aquila, 鹰，见aquiline.
n.鹰The eagle is eager to anger the tiger in danger.鹰渴望激怒处在危险中的老虎.
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a large strong bird with a curved beak which eats meat and can see very well 鹰
n. 鹰；鹰状标饰
 - hawk

Word: xenophobic
Front: xenophobic
[ˌzenə'fəʊbɪk] (22605/32884)
Vocabulary: xenophobic
(once / 32561 pages)
adj
Someone who is xenophobic is abnormally hostile toward foreigners. If you don't want any foreign people in your town, then you're xenophobic.
Xenophobic comes from the Greek and literally means "fear of strangers," although when we talk about someone who is xenophobic, we're talking about someone who has converted fear into hatred or contempt. Sometimes people who discriminate against foreigners or feel very strongly that no one should be allowed to immigrate to their country are also called xenophobic.
WORD FAMILY
xenophobia: xenophobic
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some denounce populism as little more than a racist, xenophobic reaction against immigrants and multiculturalism.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
But “we are neither xenophobic nor hostile toward foreigners,” Mr. Gauland insisted.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The populist xenophobic right will continue to surge, and it will capitalise on the atrocities.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 恐惧（或憎恨）外国人的，恐外的
分布：恐惧外国人的(100%)

Word: awash
Front: awash
[əˈwɒʃ] (13803/14910 -1)
Vocabulary: awash
(once / 7781 pages)
adj
When something's awash, it's doused or covered with water. If your canoe is awash with seawater, it's time to start bailing.
A beach might be awash during high tide, and your beach cottage could be awash after a tropical rain. The decks of a boat are often described as being awash during a storm, flooded with water. Things can be figuratively awash, too: "The movie premiere was awash with photographers and fans." Awash was originally a nautical word meaning "flush with," from the 15th century meaning of wash, "land alternately covered and exposed by the sea."
WORD FAMILY
awash
USAGE EXAMPLES
Conservative news media are now awash in the “fake news” condemnations.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
The view from the veranda is of a valley awash with yellow and green, punctuated by the meander of the Motatapu river.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
His face is awash with utter delight as he fumbles exaggeratedly with the camera, snapping blurry photos.
Slate(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 与水面齐平的，刚被水覆盖的; 被淹没的; 泛滥的
分布：泛滥的(78%)，被淹没的(22%)
泛滥的(a+wash冲洗)[a-①加在单词或词根前面,表示"不,无,非"②加在单词前,表示"在…,...的"]
【反】dry（adj 干燥的）
US [-'wɑ:ʃ] adjective [after verb]
■covered with a liquid, especially water （尤指被水）淹没的，淹过的
• By the time I discovered the problem, the floor was awash. 等到我发现这个问题时，地板已经泡在水里了。
■having an amount of something which is very large or larger than necessary or wanted 充满的；充斥的；泛滥的
• The city is awash with drugs and the police are powerless to do anything about it. 该城市毒品泛滥，警方对此束手无策。

Word: fortify
Front: fortify
[ˈfɔ:tɪfaɪ] (托雅宝 12751/14102 -1)
Vocabulary: fortify
(once / 310 pages)
v
If you add nutrients to something you fortify it. Food scientists have found ways to fortify cereal, but in addition to vitamins C and D, they usually add a lot of sugar.
If you strengthen your defenses, you fortify them, perhaps by adding more arms or increasing your defensive walls. Sometimes the defenses you fortify will be tangible and sometimes the word is used metaphorically to mean give courage. If a castle was originally vulnerable to attack, the owner might fortify it by adding a moat — and maybe filling it with crocodiles. If you're nervous about giving a speech, you should fortify yourself with a pep talk first.
WORD FAMILY
fortify: fortification, fortified, fortifies, fortifying+/ fort: forted, fortify, forting, forts/fortification: fortifications
USAGE EXAMPLES
But many immigration experts are skeptical that spending more money on fortifying the border will do much to stanch the flow.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
But “Drunk Shakespeare” — fortified, perhaps, by liquid courage? — will plow ahead with evening performances at Roy Arias Stages, on West 43rd Street.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Mr. Kennedy thinks the U.S. and Europe should “fortify their investment review procedures” on China—and coordinate their efforts.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 加强，增强; 增加营养物; 使体力增加; 鼓励，使（意志等）坚定
vi. 构筑防御工事
时态：fortified, fortifying, fortifies
分布：增强(46%)，加强(42%)，筑防御工事于(12%)
→来自fort, 坚固，坚强，堡垒。
加固,加强(fort+ify→力量化→加固)[fore,fort=storng,表示"强大,力量"]
【记】fort（n 堡垒）
【参】fortitude（n 不屈不挠的精神）；altitude（n 海拔高度）；attitude（n 姿势；态度）要上8848的altitude，需要fortitude的attitude
【反】sap（n 树液vt 使衰竭；逐渐侵蚀）；enervate（v 使衰弱）；vitiate（v 损害；使堕落）；debilitate（v 使衰弱）
US ['fɔ:r.tˌə-] verb transitive
■to strengthen something, especially in order to protect it （尤指为防御而）加强，增强
• a fortified town 设防的城镇
• They hurriedly fortified the village with barricades of carts. 他们匆忙用马车搭起路障，加强村子的防御。
• The argument had fortified her resolve to prove she was right. 这番争论增强了她证明自己正确的决心。
• He fortified himself with a drink and a sandwich before driving on. 继续开车之前，他喝了杯饮品吃了件三明治来增强体力。
• a fruit drink fortified with vitamin C (= with vitamin C added) 添加了维他命C的果汁饮品
vt. 加强；增强；（酒）的酒精含量；设防于
 - enhance, cement, muscle, build up

Word: ingenious
Front: ingenious
[ɪnˈdʒi:niəs] (研六托雅宝 11520/9550 -1)
Vocabulary: ingenious
(once / 265 pages)
adj
Something ingenious shows creativity and inventiveness. If someone compares you to Einstein, they're implying that you, too, are ingenious.
Ingenious comes from the Latin words for inborn talent. It started off meaning someone who was talented or incredibly smart, but has come to mean inventive, or clever. If you can solve 146,392 * 27,453 in your head, people might call you a math genius. But if you come up with a way to turn water into fuel, you will be praised as ingenious. Ingenious can also describe thing, like an ingenious device.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
ingenious / ingenuous
Quiz time! Which example uses ingenuous correctly?
YouTube Marketing An Ingenuous Thing: What You Need To Know
Indeed, even an ingenuous child cries out with remorse when caught.
Joe Muench: Ingenuous plan for using those Asarco properties
If you picked the second one, give yourself a gold star. Ingenuous means innocent, artless, simple. It could be a compliment or an insult, but it does not somehow mean clever or creative. Our second example explains that even a innocent child will feel remorse about a thing if he's caught doing it (though, if he's "caught," doesn't that imply wrongdoing?).
The sad, ingenuous path of John Locke has been trumped by the machinations of Betty Draper.
If you refuse to take part in a game of corruption that everyone around you is playing, you're taken for an ingenuous fool.
Both the first and third examples wanted ingenious, meaning something original, creative, inventive. As in:
Caffeinated Marshmallows?! Ingenious!
YouTube marketing might be just thing clever thing to sell your product. And though you might have an innocent way of using those Asarco properties, it's not something worth bragging about. A creative use is another story. So are caffeinated marshmallows. Just don't give them to ingenuous kids.
WORD FAMILY
ingenious: ingeniousest, ingeniously, ingeniousness, ingenuity +/ ingenuity: ingenuities
USAGE EXAMPLES
A Casebook of Ingenious, Perplexing and Totally Satisfying Puzzles is available from the Guardian Bookshop and other retailers.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
“Today’s Doodle shows Macintosh enjoying a Scottish rain shower whilst testing his ingenious invention,” Google said in their tribute.
Time(Dec 29, 2016)
The research is ingenious and promising, but it also suggests a mastery over nature that may be hard to achieve.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 灵巧的; 精巧的; 设计独特的; 有天才的，聪明的
分布：精巧的(45%)，有独创性的(33%)，机灵的(22%)
→来自拉丁语ingenium,天生的品质，能力，来自in-,进入，使，内在，-gen,生育，出生，词源同gene,engine.即出生就具有的，后引申词义陪明的，灵巧的，精巧的。
聪明的;有创造力的(in内+geni+ous自内心产生→聪明的)[gen,gener,genit=birth,produce,表示"出生,产生"]
a.机敏的;有独创性的;精致的;精巧制成的An ingenious idea suddenly came upon him.他突然想到了一个绝妙的主意.
【记】in里面，gen产生，ious多－聪明产生于大脑里面－天才
【区】ingenuous（adj 坦白的；直率的）这种人容易掉进U里面而ingenious中的I则＝IQ
【反】prosaic（adj 散文的；平凡的）
adjective
■(of a person) very clever and skilful, or (of a thing) cleverly made or planned and involving new ideas and methods （人）灵巧的；（物品等）制作精巧的；（方法等）巧妙的
• an ingenious idea/method/solution 巧妙的主意／方法／解决办法
• Johnny is so ingenious - he can make the most remarkable sculptures from the most ordinary materials. 强尼真是手巧——他可以用最普通的材料制作出最棒的雕塑。
intelligent, bright, wise, ingenious, brilliant, clever, smart, shrewd
这组词都有“聪明的”的意思，其区别是：
intelligent: 正式用词，指在理解新的、抽象东西或处理解决问题时，智力超过一般常人。
bright: 口语常用词，多指年轻人，尤指小孩思路敏捷，理解力强，机灵等。
wise: 侧重不是一般的聪明伶俐，而是有远见，有智慧，能明智地处理问题。
ingenious: 指思路敏捷，并暗示有创造与发明的才能和技巧。
brilliant: 指人的才华出众，思路敏捷，常令人赞叹不已。
clever: 强调头脑灵活，接受新事物快，有智有谋，但不一定暗示全面妥当地考虑问题。
smart: 普通用词，与bright和clever的意思很相近，但更强调机灵。
shrewd: 指精明老练，有头脑，善于判断，把握有利机会。
adj. 有独创性的；机灵的，精制的；心灵手巧的
 - prepared, clever

Word: moribund
Front: moribund
[ˈmɒrɪbʌnd] (托宝 -/19128 -1)
Vocabulary: moribund
(once / 7944 pages)
adj
Something that is moribund is almost dead, like a moribund economy that has been stuck in a recession for years.
In Latin, mori means "to die." You probably recognize this root in words like mortal, mortician, and mortuary. Moribund means "near death," but it can also mean something that is coming to an end, nearly obsolete, or stagnant. For example, as streaming videos over the Internet becomes a more and more popular way to watch movies and television shows, the DVD has become a moribund medium.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
morbid / moribund
Morbid describes something gruesome, like smallpox or Frankenstein's monster. Moribund refers to the act of dying. Goths love both. What fun!
Morbid and moribund are both dark and popular around Halloween, but if you dig up their graves, you'll find their Latin bones are different: Morbid comes from morbus, for disease, while moribund comes from morī, for dying.
Morbid is a busy adjective, going from dark to darker describing terrible things such as anything related to disease -obesity, insanity, the plague - or unwholesome thoughts. Morbid pops up all over the place, such as in
The Morbid Imagination, a Website about Gothic Horror and the Arts.
Or in this quote from a book about country life:
And the slender, undersized, morbid girl needed just such tonic. (Lillian Elizabeth Roy)
You can be morbidly obese or morbidly thin, as long as you're sick in some way, even in the head, you're morbid. Appropriately, Morbid is the name of a Swedish death metal band.
On the other hand, moribund means dying, literally or figuratively. It can refer to a person about to leave this world behind or to something that's almost obsolete. In both senses, moribund does not mean death but dying. It refers to the action, not the outcome, like in this example from an old medical book:
This heart was taken from a man who came into the hospital in a moribund condition.
The word also shows up in the news, all too often describing an economy:
But the domestic economy remains moribund, while the fragile export recovery could be sabotaged by slowing in the global economy. (New York Times)
The hermit crab that hasn't had water in three days is a moribund pet. The kid with the black lipstick who wants it to die is morbid.
WORD FAMILY
moribund
USAGE EXAMPLES
Rather than buttressing a moribund status quo, the left needs to place itself on the side of change.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
The report abounds with vivid details of the moribund state of the judicial death business.
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
That, his government hopes, will boost the moribund private sector, reduce unemployment and provide youth with more alternatives to extremism.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: adj. 濒死的，垂死的; 奄奄一息的; 停滞不前的
n. 垂死的人
分布：垂死的(87%)，即将结束的(13%)
→来自拉丁语mori,去死，将死，词源同mortal,murder.-bund,工具格后缀，将成为，词源同be.
垂死的,将死的(mori+bund[=bound边界]→死的边界→垂死的)[mort=death,表示"死"]
【记】mori死，bund＝bound边界－离死的边界不远了－垂死的
【反】increasingly vital（生机勃勃的）；nascent（adj 初生的）；beginning（n 开始）；currency（n 流通）
US ['mɔ:r-] adjective formal disapproving
■(especially of an organization or business) not active or successful （尤指组织或公司）无生气的，停滞不前的，失败的
• How can the Trade Department be revived from its present moribund state? 怎样才能使贸易部从目前的停滞状态中恢复生气？
adj. [医] [生物] 垂死的；停滞不前的
 - dying, fey

Word: magnificent
Front: magnificent
[mægˈnɪfɪsnt] (研四六托雅宝 5493/3533 -2)
Vocabulary: magnificent
(once / 140 pages)
adj
The adjective magnificent describes something that has grandeur, like the magnificent Great Wall of China or the Pyramids, which usually inspire awe in the people who see them.
The word magnificent comes from the 1510s, from the Old French word of the same spelling, meaning "doing great deeds." That's why rulers were often called "magnificent," though this adjective also describes things that are impressively large, like a magnificent volunteer force made up of thousands of people. Magnificent can also mean "absolutely excellent," like the magnificent play that everyone wants to see.
WORD FAMILY
magnificent: magnificence, magnificentest, magnificently+/ magnificence: magnificences
USAGE EXAMPLES
Will we simply accept the scaling back of programs, both academic and athletic, at our magnificent University of Alaska?
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Sophomore running back Jamauri Bogan calls it a privilege to be teammates with Davis, describing him as a magnificent person and player.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Sometimes the story, in all its magnificent ridiculousness, seems like mere scaffolding, propping up the ritual of the performance.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 壮丽的; 伟大的，高尚的; 华丽的，高贵的; 瑰丽的
分布：宏伟的(50%)，壮丽的(42%)，极好的(8%)
→magni-,巨大的，-fic,做，制造。引申词义伟大，壮观，辉煌。
a.华丽的,高尚的,宏伟的The submitted submarine on the magic magazine is shining and magnificent.魔术杂志上那艘提交的潜艇闪亮而壮观.
【记】mag大，nificent－大的建筑物－宏伟的
【反】base（adj 卑鄙的；低级的）
adjective
 ADVANCED
■very good, beautiful or deserving to be admired 极好的；壮丽的；令人羡慕的
• a magnificent view 壮丽的景色
• a magnificent piece of writing 文笔出众的杰作
• They live in a magnificent Tudor house. 他们住在一座都铎时代的豪宅内。
magnificent, gorgeous, glorious, superb, splendid
这组词都有“华丽的，宏传的，辉煌的”的意思，其区别是：
magnificent: 侧重指建筑物、宝石等的华丽堂皇。
gorgeous: 指色彩的富丽和豪华，有时含炫耀和卖弄意味。
glorious: 指光芒四射的绚丽，也指值得称倾、赞美或扬名的壮丽辉煌。
superb: 指壮丽辉煌、宏伟等的极点。
splendid: 侧重指给观察者留下壮丽辉煌或灿烂夺目的印象。
magnificent, grand, majestic, splendid, noble
这组词都有“宏伟壮丽的”的意思，其区别是：
magnificent: 指环境、建筑物等本身的壮丽、堂皇、庄严、崇高或出色等。
grand: 侧重规模大，豪华而宏伟壮丽、盛大。也可指人的崇高、伟大。
majestic: 侧重状态、外表、仪态等给人以威严感。
splendid: 指人在行为、品德或性格等方面的卓越超群；指物侧重外观上的辉煌。用于口语中，作“极好的，绝妙的”解。
noble: 指因本身著名或从外表上看有令人难忘的华丽、庄严、卓越、雄壮或崇高。
adj. 高尚的；壮丽的；华丽的；宏伟的
 - grand, noble, brave

Word: ominous
Front: ominous
[ˈɒmɪnəs] (雅宝 8379/9650 -1)
Vocabulary: ominous
(once / 624 pages)
adj
If something looks or sounds ominous, be careful: a threat or an unpleasant event is at hand. If you see an ominous frown on your boss's face, you're in trouble!
Ominous, and the related word omen both come from the 16th century Latin word ōmen "foreboding." However, unlike omen, which is a sign of something good or bad to come, ominous always describes something unpleasant or threatening. If the future looks ominous, you've got nothing to look forward to. Figuratively, an ominous sky or ominous clouds promise rain or a storm.
WORD FAMILY
ominous: ominously +/ omen: omened, omening, omens, ominous /omened: ill-omened
USAGE EXAMPLES
The conditions at the Naud Street warehouse appeared to be nowhere near as ominous.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Almost all current trends look ominous for Britain’s first four broadcast networks.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
When reports of dressing-room unrest began to surface after the 4-1 home loss to West Ham on Monday, it started to look ominous for Bradley.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 不祥的，坏兆头的; 预兆的，预示的
分布：不祥的(88%)，预兆的(12%)
→来自omen,预兆，预示，-ous,形容词后缀。即有预兆的，在早期也可指吉兆，现仅用来指凶兆，不祥的。
凶兆的[omin=omen(预兆)]
【记】omin恶兆，参：abominate（v 痛恨；憎恶）
【反】auspicious（adj 吉兆的；幸运的）
US ['ɑ:.mə-] adjective
■suggesting that something unpleasant is likely to happen 恶兆的；不祥的；不吉利的
• There was an ominous silence when I asked whether my contract was going to be renewed. 当我询问我会否获得续约时，回答我的是不祥的沉默。
• The engine had been making an ominous sound all the way from London. 从伦敦出发后，一路上引擎一直发出一种不正常的声音。
• ominous dark clouds 不祥的乌云
adj. 预兆的；不吉利的
 - ill, premonitory

Word: tennis
Front: tennis
[ˈtenɪs] (中高雅 3082/2846 -3)
Back: n. 网球（运动）
分布：网球(100%)
→来自古法语 tenez,接住，来自 tenir 的命令格，来自 tenir,接住，握住，词源同 contain,tenure. 原为中世纪流行于法国骑士阶层的一种手击球游戏，后用于指网球。这种由动作过渡为名词 的词义演变，比较 temper,tempera.
n.网球The tenant is discontented with the content of the agreement for renting the tennis tent.承租人对租用网球帐篷的协议内容不满.
noun uncountable
 IMPROVER
■a game played between two or four people on a special playing area which involves hitting a small ball across a central net using a racket 网球运动

Word: poisonous
Front: poisonous
[ˈpɔɪzənəs] (高研四六宝 10074/9555 -K1)
Vocabulary: poisonous
(once / 945 pages)
adj
What do arsenic, cyanide, and bleach all have in common? They're poisonous. In other words, if you ingest these poisonous chemicals, you will most likely die or become very ill.
If something is poisonous, you'd better not eat, drink, inhale, or touch it: it will make you sick. Some poisonous materials can even kill you. Of course, this adjective is derived from the noun poison, which is a toxic substance. You can also calls things poisonous if they're harmful in less physical ways. Spreading lies about someone is poisonous. Betraying a friend is poisonous. What both kinds of poisonous things have in common is that they do damage.
WORD FAMILY
poisonous: non-poisonous, nonpoisonous, poisonousest, poisonously+/ poison: counterpoison, poisoned, poisoner, poisoning, poisonous, poisons/poisoner: poisoners/poisoning: poisonings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Meanwhile, concerns about poisonous air, adulterated food and an ultracompetitive education system loom large in many people’s lives.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
The performance was abject and the atmosphere inside the Liberty Stadium poisonous.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
However, police found that the batch in Irkutsk contained methanol, a poisonous substance found in antifreeze, instead of ethanol.
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 有毒的; 有害的; 恶意的; <口>讨厌的
分布：有毒的(99%)，恶意的(1%)
有毒的(poison毒)[-ous表形容词,通常放在一个完整的单词后,表示"…的"]
a.有毒的,恶意的,恶毒的,道德败坏的The newly imprisoned prisoners poisoned poisonous moisture are hoisted out from the prison.中了有毒湿气毒的新近关押的囚犯被从监狱吊出.
adjective
 ADVANCED
■very harmful and able to cause illness or death 有毒的，有害的
• poisonous chemicals 有毒化学物质
• Can you tell the difference between poisonous mushrooms and edible varieties? 你能说出有毒蘑菇和食用蘑菇之间的区别吗？
■very unpleasant and hurtful 令人不快的；恶意的
• He said some poisonous things to me. 他对我说了些恶毒的话。
adj. 有毒的；恶毒的；讨厌的
 - toxic, evil, rank, vicious, venomous

Word: tract
Front: tract
[trækt] (六托雅宝 6133/6081 -1)
Vocabulary: tract
(once / 374 pages)
1n 2n 3n
A tract is a large, open piece of land — like that tract of farmland you bought when you decided your dream in life was to raise llamas. Tract is also a word for a short pamphlet or booklet, like that tract you recently read entitled "The Care and Feeding of Llamas."
In addition to referring to areas of land and small booklets, the word tract can describe complicated systems or structures in the body. If you were to unwind your intestine, an important part of your digestive tract, it would not stretch across a large tract of land, but only 25-28 feet — but that's still pretty long! (You probably don't need to read a tract on human anatomy to realize this would be an unhealthy experiment.)
WORD FAMILY
tract: tracts
USAGE EXAMPLES
Its rabbi, Zalman Melamed, wrote a tract calling on soldiers serving in the Israel Defense Forces to disobey orders to evacuate “Jewish settlements in Israel.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
The gut’s microbiome — the thousands of strains of bacteria in the intestinal tract — changes, too, immediately and permanently.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
The agency got 33 bids from only three companies in an August sale of tracts off the Texas coast.
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 大片土地; （神经纤维的）束; 小册子; <古>一段时间，长时间
分布：束(47%)，小册子(26%)，大片土地(24%)，器官系统(3%)
→来自拉丁语 tractus,跑道，路径，来自拉丁语 trahere,拖，拉，使移动，来自 tragh,拖，拉， 使移动，来自 dhragh,拉，拉出，词源同 draw,tract.引申词义一片土地，地带，道，束等。tract 小册子
一片土地;地带(拉长的一片地)[tract=draw,表示"拉,拖"]
noun countable
WRITING 文章
■a short piece of writing, especially on a religious or political subject, which is intended to influence other people's opinions （尤指有关宗教或政治主题的）短文，传单
• a moral/religious/socialist tract 关于道德说教／宗教／社会主义者的短文
• Have you read John Milton's tracts on divorce? 你读过约翰‧弥尔顿论离婚的小册子吗？
[trækt] noun countable
LAND 土地
■a large area of land 大片土地
• The house is surrounded by vast tracts of woodland. 这幢房子周围是大片林地。
■US
■a measured area of land that is used for a particular purpose, such as building houses or digging for oil 丈量过的土地（用于建房、采油等特定目的）
• a 132-acre tract in Irving 位于欧文的一块132英亩土地
[trækt] noun countable
TUBE 管道
■a system of connected tubes and organs in the body of a person or an animal, which has a particular purpose （人或动物体内的）管，道，束
• the urinary/respiratory/digestive tract 尿道／呼吸道／消化道
n. 束；大片土地，地带；小册子
 - zone, belt, terrain

Word: squash
Front: squash
[skwɒʃ] (六托宝 6923/7894 -2)
Back: vt. 挤进; 将（某人[某物]）压扁; 使沉默; 平定（叛乱等）
vi. 挤入; 受挤压; 发出挤压声
n. （软式）墙网球; 南瓜小果（主要种类为笋瓜 winter squash 和西葫芦 summer squash）; 果汁汽水; 拥挤的人群
时态：squashed, squashing, squashes
分布：壁球(44%)，压扁(15%)，挤进(15%)，压制(11%)，美国南瓜(3%)，摺皱不堪(3%)，浓缩果汁(3%)，拥挤嘈杂的人群(3%)，变扁(3%)
→来自古法语 esquasser,来自通俗拉丁语*exquassare,粉碎，压碎，来自 ex-,向外，quassare,使粉 碎，词源同 quash.引申诸相关词义。
US [skwɑ:ʃ] verb
MAKE FLAT 使扁平
 ADVANCED transitive
■to crush something into a flat shape 把…压扁；把…挤扁
• He accidentally sat on her hat and squashed it. 他不小心坐在她的帽子上，把它坐扁了。
UK [skwɒʃ] US [skwɑ:ʃ] verb
PUSH 推
intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep]
■to push a person or thing into a small space （使）挤进；（把…）塞进
• The room was so full you couldn't squash another person in. 房间里挤得满满的，再也挤不进一个人了。
• If you all squashed up (= moved closer together) , we could fit an extra person in the car. 要是你们再挤挤，我们车里就能多坐一个人。
• He tried to squash his ripped jeans into the suitcase while his mother wasn't looking. 他想趁他母亲不注意，把他那条扯破的牛仔裤塞进衣箱里。
UK [skwɒʃ] US [skwɑ:ʃ] verb
END 结束
transitive
■to stop something from continuing to exist or happen, by forceful action 粉碎；强行制止
• Rumours of a possible takeover of the company were soon squashed by the management. 管理阶层很快就消除了有关公司可能会被接管的谣言。
UK [skwɒʃ] US [skwɑ:ʃ] noun
PUSH 推
only singular
■a situation when there is not much room 拥挤
• There are over two hundred people coming to the party so it might be a bit of a squash. 有两百多人前来参加派对，因此可能会有点拥挤。
UK [skwɒʃ] US [skwɑ:ʃ] noun
SPORT 运动
uncountable
■a game played between two or four people on a special closed playing area which involves hitting a small rubber ball against a wall 壁球
UK [skwɒʃ] US [skwɑ:ʃ] noun
DRINK 饮料
uncountable UK
■a drink which is made from water and sweetened fruit juice 果汁饮料
UK [skwɒʃ] US [skwɑ:ʃ] noun
VEGETABLE 蔬菜
countable or uncountable mainly US
■a type of large vegetable with a hard skin and a lot of seeds at its centre which is very common in America 南瓜
compress, press, squeeze, squash, jam
这组词都有“压、挤”的意思，其区别是：
compress: 指把某些东西压在一起或使占有较小空间。
press: 普通用词，指一个物体在另一个物体上加压力。
squeeze: 多指从两面或多面施加压力来压紧、压碎或压出水来。
squash: 指某物受力被压偏或压碎。也指塞挤。
jam: 专指四面八方都压紧或塞满。
vt. 镇压；把…压扁；使沉默
 - silence, suppress
vi. 受挤压；发出挤压声；挤入
 - wedge in, pile in
n. 壁球；挤压；咯吱声；南瓜属植物；（英）果汁饮料
 - nobbing

Word: vigilante
Front: vigilante
[ˌvɪdʒɪˈlænti] (15410/21262 -1)
Vocabulary: vigilante
(once / 6876 pages)
n
If you’re a vigilante, you might take the law into your own hands by trying to catch or punish someone in your own way. If you wrestle jaywalkers down to the ground, you might be called a vigilante.
Vigilante is a form of the word "vigilant," which means keeping a watchful or close eye on events and people. Sometimes a vigilante will make news for catching a criminal, and sometimes vigilante groups form to target crimes in a bad neighborhood. A common combined use is "vigilante justice," meaning a form of law-keeping outside of the official channels of police and the courts.
WORD FAMILY
vigilante: vigilantes, vigilantism
USAGE EXAMPLES
Paranoia became the national mood and vigilante surveillance the national pastime.
Salon(Dec 27, 2016)
The remainder are still under police investigation and are widely attributed to vigilantes, some of which activists believe are hired assassins working for the authorities.
Reuters(Dec 21, 2016)
He also said “there is surprisingly little information on actual prosecutions” over recent killings, despite police investigations into thousands of killings by vigilantes.
Time(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. （自发组织的）治安团体的成员; 义务警员; 〈美〉自卫队员
分布：治安团体的成员(75%)，义警警员(25%)
→来自西班牙语，值勤人，来自vigil,警醒，警觉，守夜。
US [-'læn.tˌi] noun countable
■a person who tries in an unofficial way to prevent crime, or to catch and punish someone who has committed a crime, especially because they do not think that official organizations, such as the police, are controlling crime effectively. Vigilantes usually join together to form groups. （尤指认为警方无法维持治安而自发组织起来的）治安会会员，治安维持者

Word: tractor
Front: tractor
[ˈtræktə(r)] (高研四六托雅 6548/7015 -1)
Vocabulary: tractor
(once / 2874 pages)
n
A tractor is a vehicle that's used on a farm or work site, often to pull a trailer or other equipment. A farmer might use a tractor to pull a plow through her corn field before planting.
Tractors typically have two large wheels in back, and smaller wheels in front. The cab of a tractor, where the driver sits, is sometimes open at the sides. When tractors were first used in farm work, they replaced horses and other large animals once commonly used to pull plows and move heavy equipment. The original meaning of tractor was "something that pulls," while in Modern Latin it means "that which draws," from trahere, "to pull or draw."
WORD FAMILY
tractor: tractors
USAGE EXAMPLES
Monday to a report of someone driving a tractor on U.S.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The tractor factory is also celebrating 70 years since its foundation.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
I think then a tractor, and a rope.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 拖拉机; 牵引器
分布：牵引车(100%)
→来自拉丁语 trahere,拖，拉，使移动，词源同 drag,tract.-ct,过去分词格，-or,表物。引申词义 拖拉机，牵引机。
拖拉机(tract+or→拉的东西→拖拉机)[tract=draw,表示"拉,拖"]
拖拉机(tract拖,拉)[-or表名词"人或物器",在一些词根前写成"-ator"]
n.拖拉机,牵引车To make the contract attractive, the contractor subtracted a tractor from it.为了使合同有吸引力,承包商从中减去了一台拖拉机.
US [-tɚ] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a motor vehicle with large back wheels and thick tyres, which is used on farms for pulling machinery 拖拉机
n. [农机] 拖拉机； [车辆] 牵引机
 - traction engine, hauling machine

Word: whisky
Front: whisky
[ˈwɪski] (研四六 17204/3716 -2)
Back: n. 威士忌酒
分布：威士忌酒(100%)
n.威士忌酒This is the best Scotch whisky.这是最好的苏格兰威士忌.
mainly UK (ALSO mainly US and Irish English whiskey) ['wɪs.ki] noun countable or uncountable
 ADVANCED
■a strong, pale brown alcoholic drink, originally from Scotland and Ireland, made from grain such as barley , maize or rye 威士忌酒
n. 威士忌酒
 - wiskey

Word: advent
Vocabulary: advent
(once / 1208 pages)
n
The advent of something means that it's finally here. You might be waiting for the advent of a new iPhone or for the advent of cloning. Don't hold your breath.
Generally, the noun advent is used for the introduction of something important. The twentieth century saw the advent of many important inventions — including television, computers, and microwave dinners. If the word is capitalized, it has a religious meaning, referring to the period, observed in certain Christian religions, that begins on the fourth Sunday before Christmas (December 25).
WORD FAMILY
advent: advents
USAGE EXAMPLES
With the advent of transcontinental railroads in the 19th century, scientists settled on an 86,400-second-long day.
Time(Dec 30, 2016)
Certainly not in the Dark Ages, before the advent of electricity.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Perhaps this explains the advent of “fit” as a word to describe attractiveness.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)

Word: glad
Front: glad
[glæd] (中高 2269/2185 -K3)
Back: adj. 高兴的，乐意的; 令人高兴的，使人愉快的; （风光）明媚的，（景色）美丽的; 充满欢乐的，兴高采烈的
vt. 使高兴
级别：gladder, gladdest
分布：高兴的(58%)，乐意的(33%)，剑兰(9%)
→来自ghel, 照耀，发光，词源同glass, gold. 引申义容光满面的，高兴的。
a.高兴的,快活的;乐意的,情愿的The lady is glad to give the salad to the sad lad on the ladder.女士乐意把色拉送给梯子上的那位悲哀的小伙子.
[glæd] (gladder, gladdest)
adjective
 ESSENTIAL
■pleased and happy 高兴的；愉快的；乐意的
• We were glad about her success. 我们都为她的成功感到高兴。
• I'm glad (that) you came. 你来了，我真的很高兴。
• I'm glad to know the parcel arrived safely. 得知包裹安全寄到，我感到非常欣慰。
• I'd be (only too) glad to help you. 我会非常乐意帮助你。
• We'd be glad of the chance to meet her. 如有机会见到她，我们会非常高兴。
[glæd] (gladder, gladdest)
adjective
give sb the glad eye old-fashioned slang
■to look at someone in a way that shows you find them sexually attractive 向…送秋波
• All the men were giving her the glad eye. 所有男人都向她眉目传情。
joyful, glad, delightful, merry, gay, happy, agreeable, jolly, nice, pleasant, cheerful
这组词都有“愉快的，高兴的”的意思，其区别是：
joyful: 语气较强，强调心情或感情上的欣喜。
glad: 最普通用词，语气较弱，表示礼貌的惯用语。指乐于做某事或因某事而感到满足，常表愉快的心情。
delightful: 指能带来强烈的快乐，激起愉快的情感，用于非常愉快的场合。
merry: 指精神情绪的暂时高涨，表示欢乐、愉快的心境或情景，侧重充满欢笑声和乐趣。
gay: 侧重无忧无虑、精神昂扬、充满生命的快乐。
happy: 侧重感到满足、幸福或高兴。
agreeable: 指与感受者的愿望、情趣或受好等和谐一致而带来的心情上的快意。
jolly: 通俗用词，多指充满快乐与喜悦的神情。
nice: 语气较温和，泛指任何愉快或满意的感觉。
pleasant: 侧重给人以“赏心悦目”或“愉快的，宜人的”感受。
cheerful: 多指因内心的愉快而表现出兴高采烈，是强调而自然的感情流露。
adj. 高兴的；乐意的；令人高兴的；灿烂美丽的
 - happy, pleased, willing, delighted
vt. 使高兴
 - pleasure, satisfy

Word: garner
Front: garner
[ˈgɑ:nə(r)] (托宝 11116/20834 -1)
Vocabulary: garner
(once / 1731 pages)
vn
To garner means to gather or earn. If you want to run for office without belonging to a political party, you must garner enough signatures — usually a few thousand — to get onto the ballot.
The word garner comes from the Latin granarium which means "store-house," usually for grain. The current use of the word carries with it the sense of something being stored up. It’s not only that you can gather enough yes-votes to overcome the opposition, there is the sense that all the things you have garnered have some weight of their own. In its other use, garner means “earn” or "merit." Think of movie stars garnering Oscar nominations for their excellent work.
WORD FAMILY
garner: garnered, garnering, garners
USAGE EXAMPLES
“We will work to repeal this top-down decision and replace it with one that garners local support and creates a balanced, win-win solution.”
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“The victim should not need to garner three votes to win while the respondent needs to garner only one. That is basic inequality.”
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
He quickly moved up through Arizona’s farm system and garnered national attention as a rookie, but Micah hasn’t forgotten his roots in Gainesville.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 获得; 贮藏，积累
n. 谷仓
时态：garnered, garnering, garners
分布：得到(37%)，收集(26%)，谷仓(20%)，贮藏(17%)
→来自granary的拼写变体，词源同grain, 原指谷仓。后用做动词，指收集。
【记】读：搁那儿－把东西搁在谷仓中－储藏
【反】disseminate（v 散布）
US ['gɑ:r.nɚ] literary
verb transitive
■to collect something, usually after much work or with difficulty （通常指做大量工作或经历很多困难而）收集，积累，获得
• Coppola garnered several Oscar awards for 'The Godfather'. 哥普拉以其执导的电影《教父》获得数项奥斯卡奖。
vt. 获得；储存；把…储入谷仓
 - acquire, earn, buy, score, find
n. [粮食] 谷仓
 - granary, barn

Word: inefficiency
Front: inefficiency
[ˌɪnɪ'fɪʃntənsɪ] (13310/11824)
Back: n. 无效率，无能; 无效率事例
分布：无效率(64%)，无能(36%)
ADJ-GRADED
无效率的;无能的
Inefficient people, organizations, systems, or machines do not use time, energy, or other resources in the best way.
例：Their communication systems are inefficient in the extreme.他们的通讯系统效率非常差。
例：...the closure of outdated and inefficient factories.设备陈旧、效率低下的工厂的关闭
n. 效率低；无效率；无能
 - disability, crippledom

Word: mentally
Front: mentally
[ˈmentəli] (高 4365/3531 -K)
Vocabulary: mentally
(once / 697 pages)
adv
Anything that happens mentally is happening in your mind. This adverb refers to brainy activity. If you’re mentally unstable, you need a shrink.
Just as the adverb physically relates to the body, mentally relates to the mind. A mentally tough person is strong-willed. If someone is mentally unfit for a job, he doesn't have the brains to carry it out. A crossword puzzle can be a mentally challenging task. In the Star Wars movies, Jedi knights can mentally move objects just by willing it to happen. This word covers all the things that happen in your head.
WORD FAMILY
mental: mentaler, mentalism, mentality, mentally +/ mentality: mentalities
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Then you hit that middle 25 games where it’s kind of that doldrums when you’ve got to be mentally strong,” Hornacek said.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Roof also was adamant that a transcript of a hearing where he was found mentally competent not be released to the public.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Roof also was adamant that a transcript of a hearing where he was found mentally competent not be released to the public.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adv. 心理上，精神上; 智力上
分布：智力上(38%)，精神上(37%)，心理上(25%)
US [-tˌəl-] adverb
 ADVANCED
■connected with or related to the mind 心理上，精神上
• mentally ill 有精神疾病的
• It's going to be a tough competition but I'm mentally prepared for it. 那将会是场艰苦的比赛，但我已做好了心理准备。
adv. 精神上，智力上；心理上
 - psychically, intellectually

Word: masterpiece
Front: masterpiece
[ˈmɑ:stəpi:s] (研四六托雅 7685/7693 -2)
Vocabulary: masterpiece
(once / 692 pages)
n
Many people have to agree that a painting or a novel is wonderful, and they usually need to feel that way for years, in order for it to be considered a true masterpiece.
An artist or writer is generally capable of creating only one masterpiece in her lifetime, if she makes a masterpiece at all. When an art historian or English teacher uses it, the word masterpiece implies a truly sublime, amazing creation. You can also describe something that's simply great as a masterpiece, like the seven-layer chocolate cake your mom baked for your birthday. Masterpiece comes from the Dutch meesterstuk, "work by which a craftsman attains the rank of master."
WORD FAMILY
masterpiece: masterpieces
USAGE EXAMPLES
Glamorous Cypress Point, Alister Mackenzie's masterpiece woven through cypress, sand dunes and jagged coastline, wasn't always the darling of America's 100 Greatest.
Golf Digest(Jan 02, 2017)
It’s with the second film that these works resolve – and achieve masterpiece status in my mind.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
It was not just a lie, it was a masterpiece of projection.
Salon(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 杰作，名作; 杰出的事
分布：杰作(100%)
→master,大师，piece,片，段。比喻用法。
n.杰作,名著The master's masterpiece caused a disaster to headmaster.主人的杰作给校长造成灾难.
US ['mæs.tɚ-] noun countable (also masterwork)
■a work of art such as a painting, film or book which is done or made with great skill, and is often a person's greatest work 杰作；（个人）最杰出的作品
• 'The Last Supper' is widely regarded as Leonardo da Vinci's masterpiece. 《最后的晚餐》被广泛认为是李奥纳多‧达文西的杰作。
⇒ See also chef d'oeuvre
■a skilful or clever example of something 极好的例子
• Her press conference was a masterpiece of media manipulation. 她的记者招待会是媒体操控的一个范例。
n. 杰作；绝无仅有的人
 - chef-d'oeuvre, magnum opus

Word: wander
Front: wander
[ˈwɒndə(r)] (高研四六托雅 3183/3027 -K2)
Vocabulary: wander
(once / 88 pages)
v
The verb wander describes something that has lost track. If you're watching a boring movie, your mind might begin to wander. If you don't have a clear goal, you could wander too — meaning you drift aimlessly.
When you wander mentally, your thoughts get lost. And when you wander physically, you don't have a destination, so it's also possible to lose your bearings and not know where you are — or how to get back. That's why wander is also used to describe someone who drifts from place to place or job to job without a sense of direction or purpose.
WORD FAMILY
wander: wandered, wanderer, wandering, wanders+/wanderer: wanderers/wandering: wanderingly, wanderings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Wolf McLellan stumbled into the facility after a day of wandering the streets.
Washington Times(Dec 01, 2016)
No one was left alone to wander the store.
New York Times(Nov 30, 2016)
If you notice that your mind has wandered, bring your attention back to the warmth of the water.
New York Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 漫步，漫游
vi. 游荡，漫游，闲逛，慢走，漫步; 离开原路，离群，失散; （道路或河流）蜿蜒曲折; （人的思想等）走神，胡思乱想
n. 游荡; 溜达; 闲逛; 失散
时态：wandered, wandering, wanders
分布：徘徊(32%)，漫步(25%)，闲逛(16%)，漫游(13%)，迷路(7%)，蜿蜒(4%)，漫步于(3%)
→来自wendh,弯，转，词源同vine,wend,went。引申词义漫无目的的行走，漫游。
v.漫步,徘徊;迷路,迷失方向;离题The wandering band abandoned her bandaged husband on Swan Island.流浪的乐队把她那位打着绷带的丈夫遗弃在天鹅岛上.
US ['wɑ:n.dɚ] verb
WALK 行走
 ADVANCED intransitive or transitive
■to walk around slowly in a relaxed way or without any clear purpose or direction 漫步；闲逛；游荡
• We spent the morning wandering around the old part of the city. 我们整个上午都在老城区闲逛。
• She was found several hours later, wandering the streets , lost. 几个小时后她被找到了，正在街上徘徊，迷路了。
• He was here a moment ago but he's wandered off somewhere. 他刚才还在这里，现在已经闲逛到别的甚么地方去了。
UK ['wɒn.dər] US ['wɑ:n.dɚ] verb
SUBJECT 主题
intransitive
■to start talking about a different subject from the one you were originally discussing 离题
• We've wandered off/from the point somewhat. 我们有点离题了。
intransitive
■If your mind or your thoughts wander, you stop thinking about the subject that you should be giving your attention to and start thinking about other matters 走神，心不在焉；开小差
• Halfway through the meeting my mind started to wander. 会开到一半时我就开始心不在焉了。
intransitive
■If you say that an old person's mind is beginning to wander, you mean that they are starting to get very confused because of their age （因年老而）神志恍惚，精神错乱
• Her mind is beginning to wander and she doesn't always know who I am. 她的神志开始恍惚，有时认不出我是谁。
wander, linger
wander: 指毫无目的地来回走动 wander about a place ：漫游某处
linger: 指“想在呆一会儿，留恋不舍而逗留徘徊”，linger about a place在某处留恋不舍
wander, stroll, roam, ramble
这组词都有“徘徊、漫游”的意思，其区别是：
wander: 指无目的地到处徘徊或闲荡。
stroll: 常指无明确目的他悠闲而缓慢地漫游。
roam: 常指在广阔地方以自得其乐的愉快心情作无固定目标的漫游。
ramble: 一般指走走停停，心情愉快，步履轻松。
vi. 徘徊；漫步；迷路；离题
 - lose oneself, hang about
vt. 游荡，漫游
 - range, louse around

Word: sham
Front: sham
[ʃæm] (研六宝 12391/13965 -1)
Vocabulary: sham
(once / 1071 pages)
nadjv
A sham is a fake. If you frequently order products advertised on late-night, hour-long television commercials, you’ve probably ended up with at least one item that was a sham. All-purpose, industrial strength stain remover, anyone?
Sham can be used to refer to people as well as to things. Remember that doctor from the late-night TV commercial advertising UltraMiracleCure vitamin pills? He’s probably a sham, or a quack. Some sources claim that the word sham originated in the 17th century and was derived from the English word shame, but who knows? Maybe that theory’s a sham too.
WORD FAMILY
sham: shamedly, shamer, shamest, shamingly, shammed, shammer, shamming, shams+/shammer: shammers
USAGE EXAMPLES
He tried participating in a veteran-support group but saw it as a sham.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The Justice Department said Barclays’ due diligence on the deals at issue was “a sham.”
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Months after we exposed this as a sham, Hannity continues to display this false claim on his website.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 赝品; 假冒; 骗子; 套; 枕套
vt. 假装
vi. 掩饰
adj. 虚假的，假装的
时态：shammed, shamming, shams
分布：假(56%)，假装(15%)，假的(12%)，骗子(6%)，伪造的(4%)，赝品(3%)，枕头套(2%)，学样子(2%)
→可能来自 Proto-Germanic*skamo,遮盖，隐藏，来自 skem,遮盖，隐藏，词源同 hide,shame. 引申词义假象，伪装等。
n./a.假冒(的),虚伪(的)His anger was a mere sham.他的愤怒只是假装的.
【记】sha傻，m妈妈：傻妈妈买了赝品。Shame害羞去掉e，假装害羞
【反】debunk（v 揭穿真相）－perpetuate to sham（永远的伪装）；genuine（adj 真实的）
[ʃæm] disapproving
noun countable usually singular
■something which is not what it seems to be and is intended to deceive people, or someone who pretends to be something they are not 假像；骗局；假冒者；冒牌货
• It turned out that he wasn't a real doctor at all - he was just a sham. 原来他根本就不是个真正的医生，只是个骗子而已。
• They claimed that the election had been fair, but really it was a sham. 他们声称选举是公平的，但事实上这是个骗局。
[ʃæm] disapproving
verb intransitive or transitive (-mm-)
■to pretend 假装
• He isn't really upset - he's just shamming. 他不是真的难过——只是装装样子。
[ʃæm] disapproving
adjective
■only pretending to be real; false 虚假的，假装的
• They made a fortune through some sham property deal. 他们透过子虚乌有的房地产交易赚了一大笔钱。
• That jewellery looks sham to me. 那件珠宝在我看来是赝品。
• She's trapped in a sham (= not good or satisfying) marriage. 她受困于不幸福的婚姻中。
sham, fake
这组词都有“冒牌货”的意思，其区别是：
sham: 指可以以假乱真的东西，尤指明显的欺骗。
fake: 通常指没有价值的冒牌货或代用品，但目的不一定全是为骗人。
n. 假装；骗子；赝品
 - simulation, fraud, acting, sharp
vt. 假装；冒充
 - simulate, come
vi. 假装；佯装
 - act, fox
adj. 假的；虚假的；假装的
 - affected, assumed, simulate

Word: spice
Front: spice
[spaɪs] (六 5640/7749 -K2)
Back: n. 香料，调味品; 香气，香味; 趣味，情趣; 少许
vt. 加香料于; 使增添趣味
时态：spiced, spicing, spices
分布：香料(76%)，调味品(13%)，情趣(9%)，用香料调味(1%)，给…增添趣味(1%)
→来自古法语 espice,香料，来自晚期拉丁语 species,香料，物品，词义衍生自早期拉丁语 species, 种类，类别，词源同 special,specific.引申诸相关词义。
【记】源于：species（n 种类），多种东西混合形成spice
noun
FOOD 食物
 ADVANCED countable or uncountable
■a substance made from a plant, which is used to give a special flavour to food （调味）香料
• Cinnamon, ginger and cloves are all spices. 肉桂、姜和丁香都属于香料。
• Spices are widely used in South Asian cooking. 印度菜中广泛使用各种调味香料。
[spaɪs] noun
INTEREST 趣味性
[S or U]
■something that makes something else more exciting and interesting 调剂品；额外的刺激（或趣味）
• A scandal or two adds a little spice to office life. 一两个谣言为办公室生活平添了一点乐趣。
[spaɪs] verb transitive
■to use spice to add flavour to food or drink 在…中加香料
• coffee spiced with cinnamon 加了肉桂调味的咖啡
• a highly spiced curry 味道很重的咖喱
[spaɪs] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] spice sth up
■to add excitement or interest to a speech, story or performance 给（演说、故事或表演）增添趣味
• He'd spiced up his speech with a few rude jokes. 他讲了几个粗俗的笑话，让自己的讲话显得更有趣一点。
• It was one of those articles on how to spice up your sex life. 那是那种谈论如何为性生活增添情趣的文章。
n. 香料；情趣； [食品] 调味品；少许
 - flavor, little, touch

Word: shoddy
Front: shoddy
[ˈʃɒdi] (宝 17067/18731 -1)
Vocabulary: shoddy
(once / 5937 pages)
adjn
Shoddy refers to poor materials or quality. Maybe you passed on buying a house because it leaned in an odd way and various and sundry parts were falling off. Sounds like both the materials and workmanship were shoddy.
Shoddy originally referred to something that looked high-quality but wasn’t. Later, a certain type of cloth made with leftover pieces and rags was called a shoddy. While shoddy often refers to materials or workmanship, questionable ethics can also be referred to as shoddy, as in the shoddy principles of a slumlord or the shoddy morals of someone who steals from their friends.
WORD FAMILY
shoddy: shoddier, shoddies, shoddiest, shoddily, shoddiness, shoddys
USAGE EXAMPLES
Maybe the fund’s shoddy performance is not Smith’s fault, but he should not be rewarded as if he righted the ship.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Justice seems to be saying that shoddy products are the responsibility of the consumers who order them.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 26, 2016)
The deals highlight the Justice Department’s efforts to hold European banks accountable for shoddy securities that contributed to the U.S. housing market collapse.
Time(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 劣质的; 假冒的; 卑劣的
n. 软再生毛; 冒充物; 虚骄假饰
级别：shoddier, shoddiest
分布：劣质的(87%)，劣质品(13%)
【记】读：稍低－质量稍微有一点儿低－劣质的
US ['ʃɑ:.di] disapproving
adjective
BADLY MADE 粗制滥造的
■badly and carelessly made, using low quality materials 粗制滥造的，劣质的
• shoddy goods 劣质产品
• shoddy workmanship 劣质工艺
UK ['ʃɒd.i] US ['ʃɑ:.di] disapproving
adjective
NOT RESPECTFUL 不尊重的
■showing little respect, thought and care 不尊重的，不关心的的
• They refused him sick pay when he was off ill, which is a shoddy way to treat an employee. 他生病休假时，他们拒绝付给他病假工资，这样对待员工也太冷漠了。
n. 赝品；冒牌货；假装粗俗
 - stumour, counterfeit
adj. 假冒的；劣质的；卑劣的
 - bad, tinpot

Word: anticipation
Front: anticipation
[ænˌtɪsɪˈpeɪʃn] (托雅 6188/6360 -1)
Vocabulary: anticipation
(once / 573 pages)
n
Anticipation is excitement, waiting eagerly for something you know is going to happen. Someone who has just proposed marriage waits in anticipation for a positive reply.
Anticipation can be a nervous expectation, like when the birthday party waited in anticipation for Elmer to walk in so they could surprise him. However, anticipation can also mean to be like a Boy Scout: prepared. The weather center's anticipation of the storm prevented anyone from getting hurt. It can refer to something you'd like to prevent from happening, such as "the anticipation of a tax increase next year." Either way, it's a way of looking ahead, just like its Latin roots which mean "to take care of ahead of time."
WORD FAMILY
anticipation: anticipations+/ anticipate: anticipated, anticipates, anticipating, anticipation, anticipative, anticipator, anticipatory / anticipated: unanticipated /anticipative: anticipatively/anticipator: anticipators/ anticipatory: anticipatorily
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Ten, nine, eight, seven, six, five, four, three, two, one,’’ people counted down in anticipation of the advertised noon opening.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Today, the poem reads like an eerie anticipation of liberal incredulity at Brexit and Trump and the other recent upheavals.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
In anticipation of booming global gas demand in recent years, Royal Dutch Shell PLC, Chevron Corp.,
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 期待，希望; 预期，预测，预感; <律>（信托财产收益的）预支
分布：预期(84%)，预料(16%)
noun uncountable
 ADVANCED
■a feeling of excitement about something that is going to happen in the near future 期望，盼望
• As with most pleasures, it's not so much the experience itself as the anticipation that is enjoyable. 与大多数令人快乐的事情一样，真正令人快乐的与其说是事情本身，还不如说是那种期望的感觉。
• The postponement of the film's sequel has held cinema-goers in eager anticipation for several months. 这部电影的续集延迟上映，这使得影迷苦苦企盼了数月。
in anticipation (of)
■in preparation for something happening 预计到（…）；预料到（…）
• She's even decorated the spare room in anticipation of your visit. 她预料到你会来访，连备用客房都装修好了。
n. 希望；预感；先发制人；预支
 - wish, hope, pleasure, promise

Word: confound
Front: confound
[kənˈfaʊnd] (托宝 10535/11567 -1)
Vocabulary: confound
(once / 345 pages)
v
If you have an identical twin, you've probably tried dressing alike so that people confound you with, or mistake you for, one another. You've also probably learned that, unfortunately, this trick doesn’t work on your mom.
The verb confound means both "to mistake" and "to confuse." If you decide to treat yourself to a delicious dessert, you might find yourself confounded by the overwhelming number of choices. If you end up ordering the chocolate cake but the waiter brings you chocolate mousse, the waiter has somehow confounded those two options. Another meaning you may come across in literature is "to damn," as in "Confound it! You are the most exasperating person on the planet."
WORD FAMILY
confound: confounded, confounding, confounds+/ confounded: confoundedest, confoundedly/confounding: confoundingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
On all fronts, the actual future confounds the imagined future.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
The only certainty in times like this is that certainties will be confounded.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Washington State’s 2016 season unfolded in a confounding picture of extremes.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 使混淆，使混乱; 挫败; 诅咒
时态：confounded, confounding, confounds
分布：混淆(43%)，挫败(33%)，使困惑(18%)，诅咒(6%)
→con-, 强调。-found, 流，倾泻，词源同confuse, foundry. 即流到一起的，难以区别而困惑的。
【记】con共同，found建立；创办：建立一堆同样的房子可以使你迷惑，混淆
【反】discriminate between（区分）
verb transitive
■to confuse and very much surprise someone, so that they are unable to explain or deal with a situation 使惊疑，使困惑惊讶
• An elderly man from Hull has confounded doctors by recovering after he was officially declared dead. 赫尔市的一位老人在被正式宣布死亡后居然活了过来，令医生们大惑不解。
• The singer confounded her critics with a remarkable follow-up album. 这位歌手随后又推出了一张不同凡响的专辑，令评论家们大感意外。
puzzle, confound, bewilder, perplex, confuse, distract, embarrass, baffle
这组词都有“使困惑、迷惑、糊涂、伤脑筋”的意思，其区别是：
puzzle: 侧重使人难于理解、困惑、伤脑筋。
confound: 常指人惊慌失措和狼狈不堪。
bewilder: 语气强烈，指因迷不解或惊愕而慌乱，不知所措，无法清醒地思考。
perplex: 除困惑外，还含焦虑或缺乏把握之意，因而难于作出决定，无从下手处理。
confuse: 语气较弱，指由于混淆、混乱而糊涂。
distract: 主要用于注意力分散、思想矛盾或过分激动时产生的昏乱。
embarrass: 常指因处境或困难问题而感到窘迫、局促不安或焦急而不知所措。
baffle: 语气最强，多指遇见奇怪情景或复杂困难情况时所产生的惶恐困惑心理。
vt. 使混淆；挫败；讨厌；使混乱
 - defeat, cloud

Word: expedition
Front: expedition
[ˌekspəˈdɪʃn] (研六托雅 4654/4361 -2)
Vocabulary: expedition
(once / 126 pages)
1n 2n 3n
An expedition is an organized journey that is undertaken for a particular purpose, like a group of scientists launching an expedition to South America to seek out a new medicinal herb.
An expedition is no walk in the park. It's a serious journey, often with a very specific purpose undertaken by several people and lots of equipment. Sometimes, it can even be dangerous, like when the arctic adventurer was attacked by polar bears during an expedition to the Arctic. Needless to say, he hung up his explorer's hat after that expedition.
WORD FAMILY
expedition: expeditionary, expeditions, expeditious +/ expeditious: expeditiously, expeditiousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Government investment in the region and a smattering of eco-lodges and expedition companies are changing that.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
It was his first discovery on a two-hour scavenging expedition.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Travelers swarm around: Himalayan trekkers load up expedition backpacks.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 考察，远航; 考察队，远征军; （短途的）旅行; 迅速（办理）
分布：探险队(52%)，远征(43%)，迅速(5%)
→来自expedite, 加速。后用来指重大的军事行动，军事远征。
远征,探险(ex出+ped+ition→走出[去]冒险)[ped=foot,表示"脚"]
n.远征(队),探险(队)He was on an expedition to explore the Antarctic.他参加探险队考察南极.
【参】expeditious（adj 迅速敏捷的）＝prompt＝quick
【反】foot dragging（脚步拖沓的）
noun
JOURNEY 旅程
countable
■an organized journey for a particular purpose 远征；探险，考察
• We're going on a shopping expedition on Saturday. 星期六我们要去购物。
• Scott died while he was on an expedition to the Antarctic in 1912. 史考特1912年死于南极探险途中。
countable
■the people, vehicles, animals, etc. taking part in an expedition 踏上征途的一批人（或车、动物等）；考察队；探险队
• The British expedition to Mount Everest is leaving next month. 英国珠穆朗玛峰探险队将于下个月启程。
[ˌek.spə'dɪʃ.ən] noun
SPEED 速度
uncountable formal
■speed in doing something 迅速；快速；动作敏捷
• We will deal with your order with the greatest possible expedition. 我们将尽快处理您的订单。
expedition, voyage, journey, trip, travel, excursion, tour, cruise
这组词都有“旅行”的意思，其区别是：
expedition: 指有特定目的远征或探险。
voyage: 指在水上旅行，尤指海上旅行，也可指空中旅行。
journey: 最普通用词，侧重指时间较长、距离较远的单程陆上旅行，也指水上或空中的旅行。
trip: 普通用词，口语多用，常指为公务或游玩作的较短暂的旅行。
travel: 泛指旅行的行为而不指某次具体的旅行，多指到远方作长期旅行，不强调直接目的地，单、复数均可用。
excursion: 较正式用词，常指不超过一天的短时期娱乐性游玩，也可指乘火车或轮船往返特定景点的远足旅游。
tour: 指最后反回出发地，旅途中有停留游览点，距离可长可短，目的各异的周游或巡行。
cruise: 主要指乘船的游览并在多处停靠。
n. 远征；探险队；迅速
 - velocity, speed

Word: differentiate
Front: differentiate
[ˌdɪfəˈrenʃieɪt] (研托雅宝 6387/5138 -2)
Vocabulary: differentiate
(once / 1372 pages)
1v 2v
To differentiate is to identify the differences between things, to discriminate among them. For example, if the light is dim at the party, you might find it hard to differentiate between the spicy bean dip and the chocolate sauce.
You can see different in differentiate. This will help you remember that it has to do with finding how things are different, or making them different. For example, identical twins look alike but if you get to know them, personality traits, speech patterns and their likes and dislikes help differentiate one from another. Also, when you wear a team uniform the number on your back helps coaches differentiate between teammates when everyone is playing fast.
WORD FAMILY
differentiate: dedifferentiate, differentiable, differentiated, differentiates, differentiating, differentiation, differentiator+/ differ: differed, different, differing, differs/ difference: differences, differential, differentiate / different: difference, differently, indifferent / differential: differentially, differentials/differentiated: dedifferentiated, undifferentiated/ differentiation: dedifferentiation, differentiations/ indifference: indifferences/ indifferent: indifference, indifferenter, indifferently
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Right now, Charles Town needs to be looking to differentiate itself from the Maryland casinos including MGM National Harbor, located outside of Washington, D.C.,”
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
MaxBack is like Gazelle, but differentiates itself by accepting a wider variety of gadgets.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
What the local hikes in the minimum wage also point to is the way cities are increasingly differentiating themselves by the economic policies they enact.
The New Yorker(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 区分，区别，辨别
vi. 区别对待
vt. 表明…间的差别，构成…间差别的特征; [数学] 求…的微分：计算导数或（函数的）微分
时态：differentiated, differentiating, differentiates
分布：区分(66%)，区别(29%)，区别对待(3%)，产生差别(1%)，求导数(1%)
→来自differ, 不同。引申义辨别，使差异化。
使有差别;分化(differernt+iate→不同化)[fer=bring,carry,表示"带来,拿来"]
区别,分比(different不同)[-ate 1.表动词"做,造成"2.表形容词"具有…的"3.表名词"人或地位"]
v.区分,区别;(使)不同I infer that he is indifferent to differentiating the offers in different conferences.我推断他对区分不同会谈中的报价漠不关心.
【记】different（adj 不同的）
verb
FIND DIFFERENCE 区别
intransitive or transitive
■to show or find the difference between things which are compared 区别，分清，辨别
• We do not differentiate between our workers on the basis of their background or ethnic origin. 我们不会因工人的背景或种族不同而区别对待。
[ˌdɪf.ə'ren.tʃi.eɪt] verb
MAKE DIFFERENT 使产生差异
transitive
■to make someone or something different 使不同，使产生差异
• The slate roof differentiates this house from others in the area. 石板瓦屋顶使这座房子在该地区与众不同。
vi. 区分，区别
 - to distinguish, tell apart
vt. 区分，区别
 - to distinguish, tell apart

Word: fundamentalist
Front: fundamentalist
[ˌfʌndə'mentəlɪst] (9238/16734)
Vocabulary: fundamentalist
(once / 4743 pages)
nadj
If you love to talk about what a strict vegan you are, your friends might start calling you a fundamentalist, or a person who sticks very closely to a particular set of principles.
The word fundamentalist is used most often to talk about religion. As an adjective, it describes a very strict, literal interpretation of a religious text or set of beliefs, and the noun means a person who holds those firm, often extreme, beliefs. Fundamentalist is a relatively recent term, invented in the 1920s in the United States to describe a Protestant movement during that era.
WORD FAMILY
fundamentalist: fundamentalists+/ fundamental: fundamentalism, fundamentally, fundamentals/ fundamentalism: fundamentalisms, fundamentalist, fundamentalistic
USAGE EXAMPLES
Though he is often described as a troll provocateur, he prefers the label “free-speech fundamentalist.”
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
He wished peace to the victims of the war in Syria and of “fundamentalist terrorism” in Nigeria, among several other parts of the world.
Time(Dec 25, 2016)
He also lamented that in Nigeria “fundamentalist terrorism exploits even children,” a reference to child suicide-bombers.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 信奉正统派基督教的人
分布：原教旨主义者(41%)，原教旨主义的(30%)，信奉正统派基督教的人(18%)，信奉正统派基督教的(11%)
N-UNCOUNT
原教旨主义;基要主义
Fundamentalism is the belief in the original form of a religion or theory, without accepting any later ideas.
例：Religious fundamentalism was spreading in the region.宗教原教旨主义正在这一地区蔓延。

Word: fizzle
Front: fizzle
[ˈfɪzl] (17860/20726)
Back: n. 嘶嘶声，微弱的结束，失败
vi. 发嘶嘶声，失败
时态：fizzled, fizzling, fizzles
分布：失败(67%)，嘶嘶声(19%)，发嘶嘶声(14%)
→拟声词。
verb intransitive mainly US to gradually end 逐渐结束；逐渐破灭
• Interest in the project fizzled after the funding was withdrawn. 撤资后，人们对此专案计划的兴趣逐渐丧失殆尽。
■UK
■to make a weak continuous 's' sound 发出微弱的咝咝声
• The fire fizzled miserably in the rain. 火被雨浇得咝咝作响，快要灭了。
['fɪz.l] verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  fizzle out
■to gradually end, often in a disappointing or weak way 逐渐终止，有始无终
• They went off to different universities and their relationship just fizzled out. 由于他们上的不是同一所大学，两人的关系便逐渐结束了。
vi. 失败；发嘶嘶声；萎靡
 - founder, come to naught
n. 失败；嘶嘶声
 - failure, loss, defeat, losing, reverse

Word: platinum
Front: platinum
[ˈplætɪnəm] (9742/12429 -1)
Vocabulary: platinum
(once / 1770 pages)
n
Platinum is a chemical element that's a heavy, precious metal. If you want a really fancy wedding band, go for platinum.
Have you ever heard of a musician's album going platinum? In the U.S., that means it sold a million copies, and platinum is the precious metal used to symbolize such success. Platinum is one of the periodic table of elements, and it's often found in copper and nickel ores. Platinum won't corrode, and its color is somewhere between grey and white. Another use of this term is when someone dyes their hair so blonde it’s almost white: that’s platinum blonde.
WORD FAMILY
platinum: platinize, platinums+/platinize: platinized
USAGE EXAMPLES
All six Platinum executives pleaded not guilty and an attorney for Shulse told Reuters he plans to do the same.
Reuters(Dec 24, 2016)
Nordlicht and six other Platinum Partners executives were charged with several counts of securities fraud and conspiracy the Eastern District of Court Monday.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Mark Nordlicht, Platinum Partners' chief investment officer, was charged with securities fraud conspiracy and other offenses.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. [化学] 铂，白金; 唱片集达100万张的销售量; 银灰色
adj. 唱片集已售出100万张的
分布：铂(70%)，白金(28%)，白金的(2%)
→来自西班牙语platina,铂，白金，来自plata,银板，词源同plate,-ina,小词后缀。-um,表金属元素。因这种金属形如白银，当西班人18世纪初在中南美洲发现这种金属时，认为这是一种劣质白银，因而命名platina,小银，次等白银。
US ['plæt.nəm] noun uncountable
■an extremely valuable metal that is silvery in colour, used in jewellery and in industry 铂，白金
• a platinum wedding ring 白金结婚戒指
n. [化学] 铂； [材] 白金；唱片集达100万张的销售量；银灰色
 - silver, sliver-grey

Word: precursor
Front: precursor
[pri:ˈkɜ:sə(r)] (托宝 9664/10361 -1)
Vocabulary: precursor
(once / 3257 pages)
n
You've heard the old saying "Pride comes before the fall?" Well, you could just as easily say pride is a precursor to the fall. A precursor is something that happens before something else.
You don't have to be a dead languages scholar to guess that this word springs from a Latin source — praecursor, "to run before." A precursor is usually related to what it precedes. It's a catalyst or a harbinger, leading to what follows or providing a clue that it's going to happen. Binging on holiday candy is a precursor to tummy aches and promises to exercise more. Draconian policies in unstable nations are often a precursor to rebellion.
WORD FAMILY
precursor: precursors
USAGE EXAMPLES
“He was the precursor to what’s happening in the West.”
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Supreme Court issued a ruling marking a precursor to its Florida decision.
Reuters(Dec 22, 2016)
This year the sport added a putrid precursor, Bowel Week, as schools in three Power 5 conferences smeared us with excrement.
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 前辈，前驱，先锋，前任; 预兆，先兆，初期形式; [核]前驱波，初级粒子; 预报器
分布：前兆(56%)，先驱(39%)，前任(5%)
→pre-,在前，-curs,跑，词源同course,cursor.
先驱;先兆(pre+curs+or→先跑者→先驱)[cur(r),curs,cours=run,表示"跑,发生"]
先驱(pre预先＋curs跑)[-or表名词"人或物器",在一些词根前写成"-ator"]
【记】pre前，curs跑，or－在前面跑的人－先驱
【反】sequela（n 后继者）
US [-'kɝ:.sɚ] slightly formal
noun countable
■something which happened or existed before another thing, especially if it either developed into it or had an influence on it 先驱，先锋；先兆，前兆
• Sulphur dioxide is the main precursor of acid rain. 二氧化硫是形成酸雨最重要的先决条件。
• Biological research has often been a precursor to medical breakthroughs. 生物学研究往往是医学突破的先驱。
n. 先驱，前导
 - forerunner, vaunt-courier

Word: kidney
Front: kidney
[ˈkɪdni] (研六雅宝 5152/6010)
Vocabulary: kidney
(once / 1120 pages)
n
Most people are born with two kidneys, internal organs with the job of filtering waste and excreting urine. All vertebrates — animals with spines — have kidneys.
Human kidneys are shaped like large beans, and this is where the "kidney bean," a common red-colored bean, gets its name. The organs called kidneys are vital to life, as they filter bad stuff from your blood, help your body get rid of waste, regulate your blood pressure, and even produce hormones. The word kidney is probably a compound of the Old English cwið, "womb," and ey, "egg," describing the organ's shape.
WORD FAMILY
kidney: kidneys
USAGE EXAMPLES
Other companies are promoting such devices — flexible, lighted tubes used to peer deep inside the body — for use in the lungs and kidneys.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
At various points of time, doctors diagnosed Stephanie with an enlarged heart, a blood clot and severe liver and kidney damage.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
In the kidney dialysis unit, only five of the 12 machines are working.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 肾，肾脏; （可食用的动物的）腰子; 脾气，性格
分布：肾(97%)，腰子(2%)，类型(1%)
→词源不确定，可能来自古英语cwith,子宫，腹部，词源同bowel,ey,蛋，卵，词源同egg.因肾形如蛋而得名。
n.肾,肾脏The kid kidnapper can't get rid of a ridiculous kidney disease.绑架小孩的家伙无法摆脱荒谬的肾病.
noun
 ADVANCED countable
■either of a pair of small organs in the body which take away waste matter from the blood to produce urine 肾，肾脏
• kidney failure 肾衰竭
countable or uncountable
■these organs from an animal, used as food （可食用的动物）腰子
• steak and kidney pie 牛肉腰子派
n. [解剖] 肾脏；腰子；个性
 - personality, individuality

Word: revile
Front: revile
[rɪˈvaɪl] (托宝 19338/20269)
Vocabulary: revile
(once / 2132 pages)
v
If something is reviled, you alone don’t dislike it; a whole community of like-minded souls has to hate its guts. For instance, spam is widely reviled. (The junk e-mails, not the potted meat. Somebody out there really does like that potted meat.)
If you’re the only one who hates, say, your math teacher, it’s not fair to say that person is reviled. If she is majestically unpopular with the entire senior class and is routinely the butt of geometry-themed insults, well then sadly, this instructor is indeed reviled. Generally, when someone or something is reviled, much of the poison aimed is in print, such as critical reviews or insulting editorials.
WORD FAMILY
revile: reviled, revilement, reviles, reviling+/revilement: revilements
USAGE EXAMPLES
They straddle the boundaries of the public and private, the respectable and the reviled.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
For 25 years, after all, Clinton was reviled as a synecdoche for unseemly female ambition.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
The rest is left to Alec Baldwin: the puckered lips, a studied lumbering gait and a wariness of humanizing a man he reviles.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: vt. 辱骂，痛斥
n. 谩骂者
时态：reviled, reviling, reviles
分布：辱骂(69%)，斥责(31%)
→re-,表强调，vile,邪恶的，卑鄙的。即把别人看做邪恶的，引申词义辱骂，斥责。
辱骂(re一再+vile→一再[使别人感到]卑劣→辱骂[别人])[vil=base,表示"卑劣"]
【记】re反，vile（adj 卑鄙的；邪恶的）一把邪恶的话返回一辱骂
[rɪ'vaɪl] formal
verb transitive
■to criticize someone strongly, or say unpleasant things to or about someone 谩骂；辱骂；痛斥
• The judge was reviled in the newspapers for his opinions on rape. 这位法官因其对强奸的观点被报纸骂了个狗血喷头。
vt. 辱骂；斥责
 - abuse, tongue

Word: rabbi
Front: rabbi
[ˈræbaɪ] (8012/12985 -1)
Vocabulary: rabbi
(once / 3135 pages)
n
If being a rabbi was just a matter of long beards and black suits, then ZZ Top could have opened up a yeshiva. A rabbi is a Jewish spiritual leader who is a scholar of Torah laws and customs.
The word rabbi comes from the Hebrew raba, meaning "great" or "revered," as seen in the Hebrew expressions saba raba (great grandfather) or hatzlacha raba (a blessing for much success). Rabbis might serve one or more of a number of roles within a Jewish community, including motivational speakers, Torah legal authorities, teachers, mentors, therapists, or as mohels who can perform ritual circumcisions.
WORD FAMILY
rabbi: rabbinic, rabbinical, rabbis+/rabbinic: rabbinically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Such prayers, led by a wide variety of priests, ministers, rabbis, imams and other religious figures, are a daily routine in both houses of Congress.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
Its rabbi, Zalman Melamed, wrote a tract calling on soldiers serving in the Israel Defense Forces to disobey orders to evacuate “Jewish settlements in Israel.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
North Beach Chabad leader Miryum Mochkin, wife of the Chabad’s rabbi, says she believes the theft is a hate crime.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 犹太法学博士; 先生，老师
分布：拉比(81%)，法师(15%)，犹太的法学博士(4%)
→来自希伯来语rabbi,吾师，大师，来自闪语三字母根r- b-b,伟大的。
noun countable
■a religious leader and teacher in the Jewish religion 拉比（犹太教领袖和经师）
• Rabbi Jonathan Sacks 乔纳森．萨克斯拉比
• [as form of address] Good morning, Rabbi. 早安，拉比。
n. 拉比（犹太人的学者）；法师；犹太教律法专家；先生
 - sir, don, gentleman

Word: rationale
Front: rationale
[ˌræʃəˈnɑ:l] (6049/8003 -1)
Vocabulary: rationale
(once / 3806 pages)
n
The rationale for something is the basic or underlying reason or explanation for it. This noun (pronounced "rash-uh-NAL") is usually used in the singular: What was the rationale behind his decision to quit?
The related adjective rational means "based on facts or reason" or "having the ability to think clearly." An example of a rational rationale? You add extra baking soda to pancake batter under the rationale that if you want them to be fluffier, you need more rising agent. Rationale is from Latin, from rationalis "relating to reason," from ratio "calculation, reason," from rērī "to consider, think."
WORD FAMILY
rationale: ratiocinate, rationales+/ratiocinate: ratiocinated, ratiocinates, ratiocinating, ratiocination, ratiocinative, ratiocinator/ ratiocination: ratiocinations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Jurors would later see a video of Roof confessing to the crime — “Well, I killed them, I guess,” he said — and offering a racist rationale.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
It’s obviously NOT reducing the cost of healthcare, a primary justifying rationale.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
For the moment, set aside the specifics of such testing and look deeper at the rationale.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 理论的说明; 基本原理，基础理论; 根据
分布：基本原理(93%)，基础理论(7%)
→来自 rational,合理的，经过思考的，-ale,名词后缀。
US [-'næl] formal
noun countable or uncountable
■the reasons or intentions for a particular set of thoughts or actions 根本原因；基本原理
• I don't understand the rationale behind the council's housing policy. 我无法理解市政会实行这样的住房政策是何道理。
n. 基本原理；原理的阐述
 - fundamental, basic principle

Word: animate
Front: animate
[ˈænɪmeɪt] (宝 12412/18570)
Vocabulary: animate
(once / 212 pages)
vadj
At its most basic, animate means simply alive, while inanimate means not living, not moving around. But animate also means spirited, or brought to life.
Animated cartoons are what we think of as pictures come to life: animation. Animate derives from the Latin anima "life, soul, spirit." When you seem particularly filled with life, or high-spirited, if you laugh loudly, or use broad gestures, you're animated.
WORD FAMILY
animate: animated, animateness, animates, animating, animatingly, animation, animator, inanimate, reanimate +/ animated: animatedly, unanimated/ animation: animations/ animator: animators/ inanimate: inanimately, inanimateness/ reanimate: reanimated, reanimates, reanimating
USAGE EXAMPLES
Dr. Appleby was part of a generation of historians who examined the ideologies and beliefs that animated the American Revolution.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
At this point the inclusion of this animated Netflix series on various Best of TV lists seems obligatory.
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
“Within the confines of the material, you’ll find that you’re playing real people, as outsized as they may be,” he said, growing animated.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 使有生气; 驱动; 使栩栩如生地动作; 赋予…以生命
adj. 有生命的; 活的; 有生气的; 生气勃勃的
时态：animated, animating, animates
分布：有生命的(37%)，鼓励(21%)，使有生气(18%)，有活力的(15%)，赋予生命(9%)
使有生气,活泼(anim+ate→使有生命)[anim=life,spirit,表示"生命,精神"等]
【记】anim生命，精神，ate表动作－使有生命
【参】animated（adj 活泼的）；animation（n 活泼，有生气）＝vivacitymagnanimous（adj 大度的）；unanimous（adj 意见一致的）
【反】lassitude（n 疲乏）－animation（n 活泼；有生气）；drone（n 嗡嗡的声音；单调的）
adjective]ˈæn.ɪ.mət/
■living; having life 有生命的，活的
verb transitive /ˈæn.ɪ.meɪt/
■to make someone seem more happy or active 使生气勃勃；使有活力
• A sparkle in his eyes animated his face whenever he smiled. 他一笑起来，眼睛就亮晶晶的，一时脸上也增添了生气。
vt. 使有生气；使活泼；鼓舞；推动
 - stimulate, lift, spirit, force, drive
adj. [生物] 有生命的
 - lived, zoetic

Word: applause
Front: applause
[əˈplɔ:z] (研四六宝 5599/7743 -2)
Vocabulary: applause
(once / 381 pages)
n
After a theatrical performance, audience members typically use applause, or hand-clapping, to express their approval. (Of course, sometimes applause just means the audience is glad it’s time to go home.)
Back in ancient Rome, actors requested applause from the audience by declaring “Plaudite!” This fact sheds light on the origin of applause — and it definitively proves that performers have been seeking approval from audiences for millennia. Oddly enough, however, it’s considered inappropriate to applaud between the movements of a piece of classical music, regardless of how much you enjoyed the performance. Some concertgoers choose to defy this rule, in spite of the nasty looks they get from neighbors.
WORD FAMILY
applause: applauses
USAGE EXAMPLES
When the police removed a blockade to the escalator exactly on schedule, applause erupted from the crowd.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The driver invited everyone on the bus to welcome the Vietnam vet and the applause was loud and long.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
They brought him down to the rapturous applause of the entire street.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 热烈鼓掌; 喝彩; 掌声
分布：鼓掌(52%)，喝彩(43%)，赞许(5%)
鼓掌(ap+pease赞扬→一再赞扬→鼓掌)[ab-,ac-,ad-,af-,ag-,an-,ap-,ar-,as-,at-等加在同辅音字母的词根前,表示"一再"等加强意]
鼓掌(applaud的名词)[plaud=clap hands表示"鼓掌"]
n.鼓掌;喝彩;夸奖,赞扬The applause paused because of the cause caused by a cautious plausible clause.掌声停了是因为一条谨慎的似乎有理的条款引起的原因.
US [-'plɑ:z] noun uncountable
 ADVANCED
■when people clap their hands repeatedly to show enjoyment or approval of something such as a performance or speech 鼓掌（对演出或演讲等表示赞赏）
• His speech met with (= received) loud applause. 他的讲话赢得热烈的掌声。
• So let's have a round of applause, please, for (= please applaud) a very lovely and talented young lady who is going to sing for us. 好，让我们热烈鼓掌，欢迎一位集美丽与才华于一身的年轻女士为我们演唱。
applause, acclaim
这两个名词均有“喝彩，鼓掌”之意。
applause: 侧重以掌声表示喝彩和赞扬。
acclaim: 较正式用词，现多用于引申表示赞许。
n. 欢呼，喝采；鼓掌欢迎
 - acclamation, cheer

Word: bluff
Front: bluff
[blʌf] (托宝 7842/11432 -1)
Vocabulary: bluff
(once / 481 pages)
1nadj 2vn
Bluff can mean a high cliff, or it can describe a person who is abrupt in manner. The most common usage of bluff is as a verb meaning to pretend. If you bluff at cards, you are pretending to have a better hand than you do.
Many a good crime story ends with a bluff—"I've already contacted the police and they're on their way," the detective will say when that is not at all the case. The expression "calling your bluff" comes from poker, where you "call" a game to see someone's actual cards. Calling someone's bluff means forcing them to admit the truth.
WORD FAMILY
bluff: bluffed, bluffer, bluffest, bluffing, bluffly, bluffness, bluffs+/bluffer: bluffers
USAGE EXAMPLES
White bass are fair jigging Tiny Traps and Curb’s crappie jigs along main lake points and creek bluffs in 15-25 feet.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
In Iowa, more than eight-tenths of an inch fell in Council Bluffs.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Hart is one of about 15 kids in the boxing club of Dominique Azeez, a former professional boxer who grew up in Pine Bluff.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: vi. 吓唬
vt. 吓唬; 愚弄; 以假象欺骗; 虚张声势
n. 欺骗; 恐吓; 悬崖; 虚张声势的人
adj. 直率的; 爽快的; 陡峭的; 肥型船首
时态：bluffed, bluffing, bluffs
分布：虚张声势(54%)，吓唬(30%)，直率的(10%)，绝壁(6%)
→词源同blow. 或直接来自拟声词。
【源】原指在玩牌中手气坏时下大注，手气好时下小注或不下注，以迷惑对手
【记】bluff＝cliff（n 悬崖，峭壁），一般来说，想跳楼的都是虚张声势。尤其是失恋的，他是想用死来挽回感情。
verb intransitive or transitive
■to deceive someone by making them think either that you are going to do something when you really have no intention of doing it, or that you have knowledge that you do not really have, or that you are someone else 以假像欺骗，蒙，唬
• Is he going to jump or is he only bluffing? 他是真要跳还是只是吓唬人？
• Tony seems to know a lot about music, but sometimes I think he's only bluffing. 东尼似乎对音乐很了解，但有时我觉得他只是在装样子。
• She bluffed the doorman into thinking that she was a reporter. 她装模作样让门房以为她是记者。
bluff your way into/out of sth
■If you bluff your way into or out of a situation, you get yourself into or out of it by deceiving people 蒙混过关
• However did Mina manage to bluff her way into that job? 米娜究竟是怎样蒙混过关得到那份工作的？
• He's one of those people who is very good at bluffing their way out of trouble. 他属于那种善于蒙混过关摆脱麻烦的人。
[blʌf] noun
PRETEND 假装
countable or uncountable
■an attempt to bluff 虚张声势，蒙，唬
• When she said she was leaving him, he thought it was only a bluff. 当她说要离开他时，他以为那只是吓唬他。
[blʌf] noun
CLIFF 悬崖
countable
■a cliff or very steep bank 悬崖，峭壁；陡岸
[blʌf] adjective
■direct or too honest, often in a way that people find rude 过分直率的；过于直接的
• Despite her bluff manner , she's actually a very kind woman. 尽管有点过于直率，但她实际上是个很善良的女人。
n. 吓唬；绝壁；断崖
 - cliff, precipice
vt. 吓唬；愚弄
 - befool, assify
vi. 吓唬
 - shit up
adj. 直率的；陡峭的
 - explicit, frank, naked

Word: thinly
Front: thinly
[ˈθɪnli] (7720/9827)
Back: adv. 薄薄地; 稀疏地; 细细地; 勉强地
分布：稀疏地(44%)，薄薄地(28%)，细细地(28%)
adverb
NOT THICK 薄
■made or done so that something is not thick 薄薄地
• thinly -sliced ham 薄片火腿
['θɪn.li] adverb
FEW 很少
■with only a small number of people or things, or without the people or things being close to each other 稀疏地，稀薄地，稀少地（只有极少的人或物，或人或物相距很远）
• a thinly populated area 人口稀少的地区
• thinly planted seedlings 稀疏种植的幼苗
['θɪn.li] adverb
TRANSPARENT 透明的
■in a way that is not difficult to see through or to recognize 透明地；稀薄地；明白地（容易看穿或容易识别）
• A light mist thinly covered the summit. 薄雾疏疏地挂在山峰上。
• a thinly disguised lie 容易识破的谎话
adv. 薄；稀疏地；细；瘦
 - sparsely

Word: critique
Front: critique
[krɪˈti:k] (托宝 4982/5890 -1)
Vocabulary: critique
(once / 2515 pages)
vn
As a verb, critique means to review or examine something critically. As a noun, a critique is that review or examination, like an art essay or a book report.
The French version of this word is spelled the same (meaning "the art of criticism") and came from the Greek kritike tekhne ("the critical art"). This shouldn't come as a great surprise, since it was the Greeks who gave us such masters of the critique as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. Today, through book reports, argument papers, and critical essays, we carry on the tradition of the critique, which is one of the most important skills we'll ever learn in school.
WORD FAMILY
critique: critiqued, critiques, critiquing
USAGE EXAMPLES
While at Southern Command, Kelly invited critiques from human rights groups.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Both used their fame to critique fame—a repressive system that kept their real selves from the world.
Time(Dec 28, 2016)
“Criticism and critique are very much a part of our business,” Tomlin told reporters on Tuesday.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 评论文章，评论; 批评，批判
vt. 发表评论; 批判
时态：critiqued, critiquing, critiques
分布：批评(70%)，评论(29%)，批评法(1%)
→来自krei, 区分，筛选，判断，词源同crime, crisis. 即进行区分，判断，进行评论。
noun countable
■a report of something such as a political situation or system, or a person's work or ideas, which examines it and provides an often negative judgment 评论文章，评论（常指否定的评论）
• a Marxist critique of neo-liberal policy 以马克思主义观点评论新自由政策的文章
n. 批评；评论文章
 - comment, animadversion
vt. 批判；评论
 - observe on, to comment on

Word: futile
Front: futile
[ˈfju:taɪl] (研托宝 9374/9535 -1)
Vocabulary: futile
(once / 586 pages)
adj
When something fails to deliver a useful result, you can call it futile. Hopefully all the time you're spending studying vocabulary won't turn out to be futile!
Futile comes from the Latin futilis, which originally meant "leaky." Although we use futile to talk about more than buckets, the image of a leaky vessel is a good illustration of the adjective. Pouring water into a leaky bucket is futile. Your exercise program will be futile if you don't stop chowing down on chocolate. Futile is fancier than its synonym useless. Other synonyms are fruitless or vain. The i can be either short (FYOO-t'l) or long (FYOO-tile).
WORD FAMILY
futile: futilely, futility +/ futility: futilities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Boycotts are not just futile griping; they often work.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
No, something more personal and equally futile must be afoot.
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
The plea was futile, and IS detonated the buildings and tombs.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 无效的，无用的; 没有出息的; 琐碎的，无关紧要的; 一场空
分布：无用的(57%)，无效的(43%)
→来自拉丁语fundere, 倾注，倾泻，词源同foundry, alchemy, confused. 引申词义流走的，徒劳的。
a.无效的,无用的,无希望的I made a few futile attempts before I gave up.我在放弃之前做了很多无用的尝试.
US [-tˌəl] adjective
■(of actions) having no effect or achieving nothing; unsuccessful （行动）无作用的；无效的；不成功的
• Attempts to get supplies to the region are futile because troops will not allow the aid convoy to enter the city. 往该地区运送物资的努力失败了，因为军方不允许救援物资护送队进城。
• It 's quite futile trying to reason with him - he just won't listen. 跟他讲道理一点用都没有——他就是不听。
• All my attempts to cheer her up proved futile. 我想让她快活起来，但所有的努力都白费了。
adj. 无用的；无效的；没有出息的；琐细的；不重要的
 - useless, small, unnecessary

Word: deterioration
Front: deterioration
[dɪˌtɪərɪə'reɪʃn] (宝 8990/7119)
Vocabulary: deterioration
(once / 2978 pages)
n
If something is in a state of deterioration, it's getting worse. A crumbling old house with a caved-in roof and foot-tall weeds growing through the deck is going through deterioration.
Deterioration implies that things are falling apart: something once in good condition is now weakened, worn out, or otherwise in decline. Things often undergo deterioration because of neglect. Time also has a lot to do with deterioration. Museum curators are always worried about stopping the deterioration of their prized antiquities, like the ancient Egyptian mummies that should not be exposed to air.
WORD FAMILY
deterioration: deteriorations+/ deteriorate: deteriorated, deteriorates, deteriorating, deterioration
USAGE EXAMPLES
“When you get to my age, the rate of deterioration is accelerating,” Whitlock said.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Eric Chow, an oncologist at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle, is leading an effort to see whether the drug prevents long-term cardiac deterioration.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
Deterioration of the animals’ hearts and kidneys slowed, and they didn’t sprout tumors until later in their lives.
Science Magazine(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 恶化; 变坏; 退化; 堕落
分布：恶化(84%)，退化(15%)，变坏(1%)
VERB
恶化;变坏;衰退
If something deteriorates, it becomes worse in some way.
例：There are fears that the situation might deteriorate into full-scale war...人们担心形势可能恶化而演变成一场全面战争。
例：The weather conditions are deteriorating...天气变得越来越糟。
n. 恶化； [生物] 退化；堕落
 - corruption, regression, degradation

Word: jostle
Front: jostle
[ˈdʒɒsl] (13188/11490 -1)
Vocabulary: jostle
(once / 1639 pages)
vn
The verb jostle describes being bumped and pushed in a horde of people — or doing the bumping, like those at a concert who jostle their way to the front, and the people jostled out of their spots when the newcomers arrive.
Jostle describes both what someone does, like an impatient person who jostles other people out of his way on a crowded bus or subway car, and what happens to those victims: They may have their bags and cups of hot coffee jostled out of their hands by the impatient one's pushing and shoving. When you say the word jostle remember to shove the t out of the way because it's silent: "JOSS-ul."
WORD FAMILY
jostle: jostled, jostles, jostling+/jostling: jostlings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The star player may be Adcetris, but other players jostle for attention ready to leap on the field.
Seattle Times(Dec 17, 2016)
“This is terraforming on a grand scale,” he said, as our S.U.V. jostled across artificial dunes.
The New Yorker(Dec 11, 2016)
Meanwhile, ethanol salesmen and sugar moguls and defense contractors and green-energy tycoons all jostle for their share of federal favors.
Seattle Times(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: vt. 推挤，撞; 使激动; 与…竞争，争夺; 贴近
vi. 竞争，争夺; 推挤
n. 拥挤; 推撞
时态：jostled, jostling, jostles
分布：挤(29%)，争夺(25%)，撞(19%)，推(19%)，争抢(8%)
→来自joust,推挤，打斗，-le,表反复。引申词义竞争，争夺。拼写比较claim,clamor.
US ['dʒɑ:.sl] verb intransitive or transitive
■to knock or push roughly against someone in order to move past them or get more space when you are in a crowd of people 挤；推；撞
• As we came into the arena, we were jostled by fans pushing their way towards the stage. 我们进入场内时，被涌向舞台的歌迷左推右撞。
• Photographers jostled and shoved to get a better view of the royal couple. 一群摄影师互相推撞，以便更清楚地拍到这对王室夫妇。
UK ['dʒɒs.l] US ['dʒɑ:.sl] verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  jostle for sth
■If people jostle for something, they compete with each other in order to get what they want 为…竞争，争夺
• Since the fall of the government, the two opposition parties have been jostling for position. 自从政府倒台以来，两个反对党一直在争权夺位。
vt. 推挤，撞；争夺
 - bump against, elbow
vi. 竞争，争夺；推挤
 - cope, rival

Word: hemisphere
Front: hemisphere
[ˈhemɪsfɪə(r)] (研六托雅宝 8591/5852 -1)
Vocabulary: hemisphere
(once / 885 pages)
n
A hemisphere is half of a sphere. If it’s a cold winter in the northern hemisphere, take a winter getaway to sunbathe somewhere in the southern hemisphere.
Hemisphere comes from the Greek, and combines the prefix hemi-, for "half," with sphere, or "perfectly round ball." We talk about the earth as divided at the equator into the northern and southern hemispheres (or divided at the prime meridian into eastern and western hemispheres). In biology, there are two cerebral, or brain, hemispheres — also known as the right and left sides of the brain.
WORD FAMILY
hemisphere: hemispheres, hemispheric, hemispherical+/hemispheric: hemispherically
USAGE EXAMPLES
The family consists of more than 26,000 species, slightly more than half from the Eastern Hemisphere.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
Naturally, the scan showed activity in parts of the left hemisphere associated with language.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
The summer is usually the warmest time of the year by dint of the fact that there’s more land in the northern hemisphere.
Salon(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 半球; 地球的半球; [解]大脑半球
分布：半球(100%)
→hemi-,半，词源同semi-,sphere,球。
半球(hemi[hemi-表示"半"]+sphere球)
n.半球The Northern Hemisphere is the part of the world north of the equator.北半球是地球赤道以北的部分.
【记】hemi一半＋sphere球
US [-sfɪr] noun countable
■half of a sphere , especially the Earth （尤指地球的）半球
• the northern hemisphere 北半球
n. [天] 半球
 - semisphere

Word: polar
Front: polar
[ˈpəʊlə(r)] (研六托雅宝 6795/7165 -1)
Vocabulary: polar
(once / 728 pages)
1adj 2adj 3adj
The idea of polar suggests equal opposites. For example, the North and South Poles are at opposite ends of the planet, and both are equally glacial, or very cold, which, by the way, is another meaning of polar.
The English word polar derives from the Latin polus and the Greek polos, which means "axis." (See the connection with the North and South Poles?) The discovery of polar bears was first recorded in the mid- 18th century, while the idea of "polar opposites" came about in 1832. The adjective polar is also used to describe something vitally important, an idea that came from the importance of Polaris, the North Star, which has always been a voyager’s guide.
WORD FAMILY
polar: bipolar, circumpolar, nonpolar, polarise, polarity, polarize, polarly, transpolar+/depolarise: depolarised, depolarising/depolarization: depolarizations/depolarize: depolarization, depolarized, depolarizes, depolarizing/polarisation: depolarisation/polarise: depolarise, polarisation, polarised, polarises, polarising/ polarity: polarities/ polarization: polarizations/ polarize: depolarize, polarization, polarized, polarizes, polarizing/ pole: polar, poled, poles, poling
USAGE EXAMPLES
The annual Polar Bear Plunge raises money for charity.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The “Polar Bear Days” promotion begins Sunday and ends Feb. 28.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The Lobster Dip at Old Orchard Beach is the biggest of Maine’s polar plunges.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 极地的，两极的; 正好相反的; [化，物]磁极的，有磁性的
n. [几]极线，极面
分布：极性(76%)，两极的(10%)，极线(9%)，对立的(5%)
→来自pole,地级，两级。引申词义截然对立。
a.两极的,极地的,南辕北辙的n.极线,极面Love and hatred are polar feelings.爱与恨是完全相反的感情.
US ['poʊ.lɚ] adjective
PLACE 地方
■relating to the North or South Pole or the areas around them 两极的；近两极的
• the polar ice caps 极地冰冠
UK ['pəʊ.lər] US ['poʊ.lɚ] adjective
OPPOSITE 相反的
■Polar opposites are complete opposites 截然相反的
• The novel deals with the polar opposites of love and hate. 这部小说涉及爱和恨的两个对立面。
adj. [数] 极地的；两极的；正好相反的
 - dipolar, diametrical

Word: patriarch
Front: patriarch
[ˈpeɪtriɑ:k] (托 10741/15691 -1)
Vocabulary: patriarch
(once / 647 pages)
n
A patriarch is a male leader. Your father might be the patriarch of your family, but your kid brother could be the patriarch of his club house.
You can trace patriarch back to its ancient Greek root pater meaning "father." What do you think a female leader is called? You got it — matriarch. Although the noun patriarch specifically refers to a male head of the family, it can more generally refer to any older, respected male. In terms of the Old Testament, patriarch refers to the men considered to be the fathers of the human race, including Jacob and Isaac.
WORD FAMILY
patriarch: patriarchal, patriarches, patriarchs+/ patriarchal: patriarchally
USAGE EXAMPLES
Aaron Rubashkin, the founder and family patriarch, was critical to the company’s value.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
On Christmas Eve, the acting Latin patriarch of Jerusalem will lead an annual procession to Bethlehem and then celebrate Midnight Mass in the church.
Reuters(Dec 19, 2016)
More than 80 percent of Georgians identify with Orthodoxy and its patriarch, Ilia II, is one of the country’s most powerful men.
Slate(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 家长，族长，元老，（特指）犹太民族的祖先; 创始人，鼻祖
分布：家长(42%)，主教(29%)，元老(25%)，创办人(4%)
→patri-,父亲，-arch,管理，统治，词源同matriarch.
[patri父,祖arch首脑,长]家长;族长[父,祖patr(i);part(o);pater]
家长;大主教(patri+arch统治)[patr(i)=father,表示"父亲"]
US [-ɑ:rk] noun countable
RELIGION 宗教
■a bishop in particular Eastern Christian churches （基督教某些东派教会的）牧首，主教，教长
UK ['peɪ.tri.ɑ:k] US [-ɑ:rk] noun countable
SOCIETY 社会
■the male leader of a family （男性）家长，族长 Compare matriarch
n. 家长；族长；元老；创始人
 - author, paterfamilias

Word: nuance
Front: nuance
[ˈnju:ɑ:ns] (雅宝 9104/13819 -1)
Vocabulary: nuance
(once / 5289 pages)
n
Use nuance to refer to a very small difference in color, meaning, or feeling. What makes singers brilliant is not how loud they can sing a note, but how many nuances they can evoke through their approach.
Pronounced "NOO-ahns," this noun was borrowed from French in the 18th century and derives ultimately from Latin nūbēs "a cloud." Think of clouds––subtle gradations in color to understand this word. When you say a work of art was nuanced, it means there was a lot to it, but incorporated subtly.
WORD FAMILY
nuance: nuances
USAGE EXAMPLES
The scientists, he explained, didn’t do a good job of communicating the nuances of their forecasts.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But the nuances of the dynamic between the two stars are exposed in the film.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
The model defers to local physicians who are in tune with local cultural nuances.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 细微差别; 细微的表情
分布：细微差别(100%)
→来自法语nuance,细微差别，云影，来自拉丁语nubes,云朵，水气，词源同nebula,nimbus.
【记】nu牛，ance读：盎司－牛用盎司来称体重，因为只有细微差别
【反】patent difference（明显的差异）；lack of subtlety（缺乏微妙）；sharp distinction（明显差别）
US ['nu:-] noun countable
■a very slight difference in appearance, meaning, sound, etc （外表、意义、声音等的）细微差别
• The painter has managed to capture every nuance of the woman's expression. 画家对这个女子面部表情的刻画细致入微。
• Linguists explore the nuances of language. 语言学家研究语言的细微差别。

Word: whichever
Front: whichever
[wɪtʃˈevə(r)] (高研四六 10672/5925 -1)
Back: pron. 任何一个; 无论哪个; 究竟哪一个
adj. 究竟哪个，无论哪些; 无论哪一个
分布：无论哪个(76%)，无论哪些(24%)
pron./a.无论哪个,无论哪些Take whichever you like best.拿你最喜欢的任何一个.
US [-ɚ] determiner pronoun
 ADVANCED
■any one from a limited set （有限数目中的）任何一个
• We can go to the seven o'clock performance or the eight - whichever suits you best. 我们可以去看七点或八点的演出——选一个你最方便的时间。
• Either Thursday or Friday - choose whichever day is best for you. 星期四或星期五都行——选一个你最方便的日子。
UK [wɪ'tʃev.ər] US [-ɚ] determiner
 ADVANCED
■it is not important which 无论哪个；无论哪些
• It's going to be expensive whichever way you do it. 无论你采用甚么方法，代价都会非常高昂。
• Whichever option we choose there'll be disadvantages. 无论我们选哪个都会有不利之处。

Word: skirmish
Front: skirmish
[ˈskɜ:mɪʃ] (宝 13180/14040 -1)
Vocabulary: skirmish
(once / 714 pages)
nv
A skirmish is a small fight — more a dust-up than a full-out battle — and it can refer to a physical fight or just a battle of words. It is definitely confrontational, though.
Think of a skirmish as kind of a mini-battle, although a military skirmish can end with casualties. Still, although such an encounter can be serious, even the very word skirmish sounds slight, like a stirring of dust in the breeze. Shakespeare referred to the combative nature of his characters Beatrice and Benedick, in "Much Ado About Nothing," as "a kind of merry war betwixt Signior Benedick and her: they never meet but there's a skirmish of wit between them."
WORD FAMILY
skirmish: skirmished, skirmisher, skirmishes, skirmishing+/skirmisher: skirmishers
USAGE EXAMPLES
During one skirmish, Siatta said, he hit a Taliban fighter carrying a machine gun as he hustled across a bridge.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Police in a Denver suburb evacuated a mall due to multiple skirmishes.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Police in Aurora, Colorado, near Denver, evacuated a mall due to multiple skirmishes.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 小规模战斗; 小争论; 小冲突; [体]〈美〉比赛
v. 参与小争斗; 进行小争论; 搜索; 侦察
vi. 进行小规模战斗; 发生小争论
时态：skirmished, skirmishing, skirmishes
分布：小冲突(63%)，前哨战(21%)，参与小争斗(8%)，小争斗(8%)
→拼 写 俗 化 自 古 法 语 escarmouche, 小 规 模 战 斗 ， 来 自 意 大 利 语 scaramuccia, 来 自 Proto-Germanic*skerm,砍，劈，来自 sker,砍，劈，词源同 scar,shear.-ccia,小词后缀，含 讽刺义，词源同 capoccia,小头领。
【记】skir＝skirt，mish读：迷失－裙子丢了会引起夫妻之间的小口角。
US ['skɝ:-] noun countable
■a fight between a small number of soldiers which is usually short and not planned, and which happens away from the main area of fighting in a war 小冲突，小规模战斗
■a short argument 小争执，小争论
• There was a short skirmish between the political party leaders when the government announced it was to raise taxes. 政府宣布要增税时，政党领袖之间发生了短暂的争执。

Word: appointee
Front: appointee
[əˌpɔɪnˈti:] (10080/15968 -1)
Back: n. 被任命者; 被指定者; [法]指定的财产受益人
分布：被任命人(67%)，被指定人(33%)
被任命者(appoint任命)[-ee表名词"被动或主动的人"]
noun countable
■someone who has been chosen officially for a job or responsibility 被任命者；被委任者
• a government appointee 政府委任的人
• The new appointee will be working closely with both departments. 新委任的负责人将与这两个部门紧密工作。
n. 被任命者
 - nominee, designee

Word: snoop
Front: snoop
[snu:p] (17439/22708)
Vocabulary: snoop
(once / 4464 pages)
vn
When you snoop, you poke around in someone else's business. A teenager might snoop in her sister's room, looking for her diary.
You snoop when you rustle through someone's garbage looking for love letters, and if you spy on your neighbor through the curtains, you also snoop. In fact, if you spend enough time doing this, you'll be called a snoop — a sneaky busybody. The earliest meaning of snoop, "to go around in a prying manner," comes from the Dutch word snoepen, "to pry."
WORD FAMILY
snoop: snooped, snooper, snooping, snoops, snoopy+/snooper: snoopers/snoopy: snoopily, snoopiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Elsewhere, though, data-localisation polices are meant to protect citizens from snooping by foreign powers.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
Snoop Dogg and The Game led a unity march to the Los Angeles Police Headquarters after the killings of Dallas police officers.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Harris was from Long Beach, California, and was a close friend of Snoop Dogg, featuring on his albums, on which he performed skits.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vi. 探听，窥探，管闲事
n. 探听; 窥探; 管闲事
时态：snooped, snooping, snoops
分布：窥探(70%)，到处窥视(12%)，打听(12%)，窥探者(6%)
→来自辅音丛 sn-,鼻子，闻，嗅，发鼻音，比较 sneer,snore,snicker,sniff,snuff.引申比喻义打探， 打听。
verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition informal disapproving
■to look around a place secretly, in order to discover things or find out information about someone or something 窥探，打探
• People were sent out to snoop on rival businesses. 侦探人员被派出打听竞争对手的情况。
• She's the sort of person you can imagine snooping about/around your room when you're not there. 她是那种会趁你不在而偷进你房间的人。
■to try to find out about other people's private lives （对别人的私生活）窥探
• I don't mean to snoop, but is there something wrong? 我不是想打探你的私生活，是不是出了甚么事？
• Clara's husband is snooping on her because he thinks she is seeing another man. 克拉拉的丈夫正在打探她的私生活，因为他认为她在跟另外一个男人交往。
[snu:p] noun
only singular informal
■the act of snooping 窥探，打探
• I think someone's been having a snoop around my office - I didn't leave that drawer open. 我觉得有人偷偷溜进过我的办公室——我走时那个抽屉不是开着的。
countable informal disapproving (also snooper)
■someone who snoops 窥探者，打探者； 爱管闲事的人
• He's such a snoop - he's always going through my mail. 他真是窥探成癖——总是偷看我的信件。
• Most journalists are snoopers by nature. 大多数记者天生就爱打探他人隐私。
vi. 调查，窥探
 - probe, examine, mouse
n. 私家侦探，到处窥视；爱管闲事的人
 - sherlock, private detective
vt. 窥察，窥探
 - pry about, pry into

Word: backyard
Front: backyard
[ˌbækˈjɑ:d] (4387/14656 -1)
Vocabulary: backyard
(once / 3190 pages)
n
The area behind your house, especially if it's covered in grass or other plants, is a backyard. Some people have decks or patios in their backyard.
If you live in a city, you'll consider yourself lucky to have a tiny backyard where you can sit on a sunny day. In the suburbs, houses often have identical, fenced-in backyards. And in the country, your backyard might extend for acres. The word is sometimes hyphenated, back-yard, or spelled as two separate words. It's been in use since the 1600s, combining back and yard, from the Old English geard, "enclosure, garden, or court."
WORD FAMILY
backyard: backyards
USAGE EXAMPLES
Authorities are also searching for 13-year-old Fabian Xavier Rosales, who vanished from the backyard of his Aurora home Sunday night.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Playgrounds are vital in Los Angeles, a city where many families live without backyards or balconies.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
When the weather is warm, groups gather to knit in the store’s backyard.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 后院
分布：后院(87%)，后院的(11%)，后庭(2%)
US [-'jɑ:rd] noun countable UK a small space surrounded by walls at the back of a house, usually with a hard surface 后院，后庭
• The house has a small backyard, surrounded by a high brick wall. 这座房子有个小小的后院，用高高的砖墙围着。
■US
■a space at the back of a house, usually surrounded by a fence, and covered with grass （屋后的）场院，院子，后花园
UK [ˌbæk'jɑ:d] US [-'jɑ:rd] noun countable
in your backyard informal
■in the area where you live, or in the area of interest or activity which you are involved in or responsible for 在自家的后院；在自己的住所；在自己的兴趣（或活动、责任）范围内
• How would you feel about them building a nuclear power station in your backyard? 如果他们在你家后院建核电厂，你会有甚么感觉？
• We should take a look at what is happening in our own backyard before criticizing what is taking place in other countries. 在批评别国的事情之前，我们应该先看看自己国内发生的事情。
n. 后院；后庭
 - base-court

Word: chemist
Front: chemist
[ˈkemɪst] (高研四六雅 9185/5034 -K2)
Back: n. 化学家; 药剂师; 药商; 药房
分布：化学家(77%)，药剂师(16%)，药房(7%)
→来自alchemy, 炼金术，炼丹术，来自gheu, 倾注，词源同foundry, 铸造厂。现代科学意义上的化学脱胎于古老的炼金术。
n.化学家;药剂师The chemist and the mistress insist that the mist consists of several chemicals.化学家和女教师坚持认为薄雾由几种化学物品构成.
noun countable
SCIENCE 科学
 ADVANCED
■a person who studies chemistry, or a scientist who works with chemicals or studies their reactions 化学家
['kem.ɪst] noun countable
MEDICINE 药品
 ADVANCED UK (US druggist) (also pharmacist)
■a person whose job is to prepare and sell medicines in a shop 药剂师
 ADVANCED UK (UK also chemist's) (US drugstore) (also pharmacy)
■a shop where you can buy medicines, make-up and products used for washing yourself （出售药品、化妆品等的）药店，药房
n. 化学家；药剂师
 - pharmacist, dispenser

Word: battalion
Front: battalion
[bəˈtæliən] (宝 8735/7237 -2)
Vocabulary: battalion
(once / 378 pages)
n
A battalion is a unit of an army. One battalion usually consists of three of more companies and a headquarters.
The word battalion sounds a lot like battle, and that's a clue to its meaning: battalions are groups engaged in a battle. Specifically, a battalion is a smaller segment of an army. Within a battalion, there will usually be a headquarters, as well as a few smaller units, which are called companies. The members of a battalion will work closely together, whether they are attacking an enemy or defending a base. Veterans always remember the other soldiers in their battalion.
WORD FAMILY
battalion: battalions
USAGE EXAMPLES
The soldier served in the 2nd Battalion, Duke of Lancaster's Regiment.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Players were plentiful enough in the ranks for the battalion to enter five teams in amateur competition.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Battalion Chief Louis Charello says the Providence firefighter who fell was treated and released.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. （陆军的）一营（大约有一千兵士）; 大军，部队; （组织在一起工作的）队伍; 大批，许多，大量
分布：军队(78%)，大批(22%)
→词源同beat, 击，打。此处指打战的队伍。
营(batt+alion表名词→打的[队伍]→部队的营)[bat=beat,表示"打,击"]
【记】1）读：扶他林。主治：扭伤、拉伤、挫伤和各种关节肌肉疼痛，不仅是刘旋等奥运选手指定用药，也是营里最不可货缺的良药－扶你、扶我、扶他林。2）bat打，ta他，lion狮子。有一只打他的狮子，咱得报仇，一个人打不了狮子，最好是一群人，并且有武装－一个营的人估计够了。
noun countable
■a military unit consisting of three or more companies （军队的）营，营部
n. 营，军营；军队，部队
 - army, unit, force

Word: enlightenment
Front: enlightenment
[ɪnˈlaɪtnmənt] (托 11067/8847 -1)
Vocabulary: enlightenment
(once / 3412 pages)
n
Enlightenment is education or awareness that brings change, such as your enlightenment about nutrition that leads you to throw out every last bit of your family's junk food.
In Hinduism and Buddhism, enlightenment is also sometimes called "awakening" — after all, the name "Buddha" means "the awakened one." Not all enlightenments are spiritual: your enlightenment about environmental issues, for example, can awaken you to new ways of conserving resources like water and electricity. The Enlightenment started in the 1700’s, a historical era defined by a focus on reason and science.
WORD FAMILY
enlightenment: enlightenments, unenlightenment+/ enlighten: enlightened, enlightening, enlightenment, enlightens/ enlightened: enlightenedest, enlightenedly, unenlightened/enlightening: enlighteningly, unenlightening/ light: light-colored, lighted, lighten, lighter, lightest, lighting, lightless, lightly, lightness, lights, lightsome /lighted: unlighted/ lighten: enlighten, lightened, lightening, lightens/lightening: lightenings/lighter: lighterage, lightered, lightering, lighters/lighting: lightings/lightless: lightlessness/lightness: lightnesses/ lightsome: lightsomely, lightsomeness, lightsomer, lightsomest
USAGE EXAMPLES
A crowd of over 300 people at various states of enlightenment stopped what they were doing and looked at me.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
It was a time when the nascent web was seen as a force that would deliver enlightenment and truth to all.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
For this price, the goal is not so much enlightenment as it is stress relief and self-care.
New York Times(Dec 03, 2016)
Back: n. 启迪，启发; 教化，开导; 启蒙运动
分布：启蒙(100%)
→en-, 进入，使。light, 光。宗教用语，指灵光闪现，开悟，顿悟。
US [-tˌən-] noun uncountable
■the state of understanding something 领悟；启发；开导
• Can you give me any enlightenment on what happened? 你能替我解释一下发生了甚么事吗？
■in Hinduism and Buddhism, the highest spiritual state that can be achieved （印度教和佛教中的）般若，智慧，觉悟
n. 启迪；启蒙运动；教化
 - cultivation, edification

Word: deduction
Front: deduction
[dɪˈdʌkʃn] (7020/7701 -2)
Vocabulary: deduction
(once / 1034 pages)
1n 2n
If you get a tax deduction it means you get to reduce the amount of your income that is subject to tax. If something's on sale, you might get a percentage deduction from the original price. Deduction means taking away, or an amount taken away.
If you're a fan of Sherlock Holmes, you already know that the process of logical deduction helps to solve crimes––you take away the information you do know to deduce the answer to what you don't. In figure skating, every mistake on the ice results in a point deduction––the judges take points away.
WORD FAMILY
deduction: deductions+/ deduct: deducted, deductible, deducting, deduction, deducts/ deductible: deductibles, nondeductible
USAGE EXAMPLES
Your bracket determines the value of your itemized deductions and tax-advantaged investments.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Answer: No. Only medical expenses paid for yourself, your spouse and your dependents typically qualify for the medical expense deduction on your income tax returns.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 25, 2016)
It would provide them with a handsome tax deduction.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 推演，推理，演绎; （推理所得出的）结论; 扣除，减除; 扣除的量
分布：扣除(41%)，演绎(26%)，推理(17%)，推论(9%)，扣除额(7%)
→来自deduce, deduct的名词形式。
推论;减法(de+duct+ion)[duc,duct=lead,bring,表示"引导,带来"]
noun countable or uncountable
THINKING 思考
■when a decision or answer is reached by thinking about the known facts, or the decision that is reached （根据已知的事实所作出的）推断，推论；此等推论所促成的决定
• Through a process of deduction, the detectives discovered the identity of the killer. 经过一番仔细推断，警探们搞清了杀手的身份。
• All we can do is make deductions from (= form answers by thinking carefully about) the available facts. 我们只能根据目前掌握的情况作出各种推论。
[dɪ'dʌk.ʃən] noun countable or uncountable
TAKING AWAY 减除
■when an amount or a part of something is taken away from a total, or the amount that is taken 减法；扣除；扣除额
• The interest I receive on my savings account is paid after the deduction of tax. 付给我的存款利息已经扣了税。
• After deductions (= expenses on which tax does not have to be paid) , his taxable income is $30,000. 扣除免税项目后，他的应税收入为三万美元。
n. [会计] 扣除，减除； [数] 推论；减除额
 - conclusion, consequence

Word: equilibrium
Front: equilibrium
[ˌi:kwɪˈlɪbriəm] (六托雅宝 9063/4064 -1)
Vocabulary: equilibrium
(once / 1397 pages)
1n 2n 3n
Equilibrium is a state of balance. If you play sports so much that you don't have time for your studies, you need to study more and play less, until sports and studying reach a point of equilibrium. Or become a professional athlete.
The word equilibrium is commonly used to refer to mental or emotional balance, and a near synonym in this sense is composure. In chemistry, equilibrium is the condition existing when a chemical reaction and its reverse reaction occur at equal rates. This noun is from Latin aequilībrium, from the prefix aequi- "equal" plus lībra "a balance, scale."
WORD FAMILY
equilibrium: disequilibrium, equilibria, equilibrise, equilibriums, equilibrize+/disequilibrium: disequilibriums
USAGE EXAMPLES
Yet they press against the surrounding black, holding the surface in a vibrating equilibrium.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Eventually equilibrium was reached, and someday we will reach equilibrium, too.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
It asked about some of the assumptions programmed into such models, including the agency’s view of the correct “equilibrium climate sensitivity.”
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 平衡，均势; 平静
分布：平衡(73%)，均衡(24%)，平静(3%)
→equ-, 平等，相等。-libra, 秤，见Libra, 天秤座。
【记】equi平等，libr＝balance（v 平衡）－平衡
【参】librate（v 摆动；保持平衡）；equipoise（n 平衡；均衡）；poise（n 平衡；镇静vt 使平衡vi 平衡）；记：pose放在I上平衡一下，想象一下跷跷板。
slightly formal
noun [S or U]
■a state of balance 平衡；均衡
• The disease destroys much of the inner-ear, disturbing the animal's equilibrium. 这种疾病破坏动物内耳的大部分组织，妨碍其保持均衡。
• the country's economic equilibrium 该国经济的均衡发展
■a state of mental calmness （心情或情绪的）平静，安宁；心理平衡
• Yoga is said to restore one's inner equilibrium. 据说练瑜伽可以使人恢复内心的平静。
n. 均衡；平静；保持平衡的能力
 - peace, proportion, equalization

Word: handover
Front: handover
[ˈhændəʊvə(r)] (23295/20526 -1)
Back: n. 移交; 交接
分布：移交(50%)，交接(50%)
US [-doʊ.vɚ] noun uncountable
■the giving of control of or responsibility for something to someone else （控制权或责任的）移交
• The United Nations is to supervise the handover of the prisoners of war. 联合国将监督战俘的移交事宜。
⇒ See also hand over at hand
n. 移交
 - relegation

Word: interface
Front: interface
[ˈɪntəfeɪs] (研六 6182/3267 -1)
Vocabulary: interface
(once / 6198 pages)
1n 2n
Think of an interface as a "face-to-face," a place where things, or people, or people and things (like you and your computer) meet. Any common boundary or area of convergence can be an interface.
Used as a verb, interface means to merge or mingle, bonding and synthesizing by communicating and working together. The word interface is comprised of the prefix inter, which means "between," and face. In the 1960's, when computers first began to be commonly used, the word became familiar and now can simply mean “to meet.” Although "Shall we interface over coffee?" still feels a bit awkward.
WORD FAMILY
interface: interfaces, interfacial
USAGE EXAMPLES
“While Pepper offers a lively, appealing interface, it remains to be seen whether it will fill the role that retailers want,” Gownder says.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Judging from my reader mail, tens of thousands must be avoiding high-tech interfaces in favor of the analogue controls, perhaps by buying lower-trim models.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
It would elevate the MDX experience a full level, perhaps even distract buyers from the tiny sunroof and marginal user interface.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 界面; <计>接口; 交界面
v. （使通过界面或接口）接合，连接; [计算机]使联系
vi. 相互作用（或影响）; 交流，交谈
分布：接口(55%)，界面(41%)，连接(3%)，作接口(1%)
→inter-,在内，在中间，相互，face,脸。比喻用法。
n.接合部位,分界面v.(使)互相联系A shared logical boundary between two software components. An interactive development tool, for example, is a user-friendly interface between a system software and an ap
US [-tˌɚ-] noun countable
■a connection between two pieces of electronic equipment, or between a person and a computer 介面；介面
• My computer has a network interface, which allows me to get to other computers. 我的电脑有网路介面，可以与其他电脑连在一起。
• The new version of the program comes with a much better user interface (= way of showing information to a user) than the original. 新版程式的使用者介面比原来的好得多。
■a situation, way or place where two things come together and affect each other 相互联系；相互作用
• the interface between technology and tradition 技术与传统的相互影响
• We need a clearer interface between management and the workforce. 我们希望管理层与员工之间的沟通更加顺畅。
UK ['ɪn.tə.feɪs] US [-tˌɚ-] verb
transitive specialized
■to connect two or more pieces of equipment, such as computers （使）接合，（使）连接
• The computers must be properly interfaced. 各电脑之间必须连接好。
intransitive
■to communicate with someone, especially in a work-related situation 互相联系；互相交流；（尤指）互相配合工作
• We use email to interface with our customers. 我们使用电子邮件与客户联系。
n. [力] [自] [地物] 界面； [通信] [计] 接口； [物化] 接触面
 - limiting surface, boundary surface

Word: needy
Front: needy
[ˈni:di] (托宝 8796/11222 -1)
Vocabulary: needy
(once / 1404 pages)
adjn
People who are needy don't have enough of life's necessities, like money, food, water, education, or shelter. Many charities collect money that helps needy people.
Truly needy people go without food or warmth, for example, and often need help from others. As a group, these people are sometimes referred to as "the needy." A more lighthearted way to use the adjective is to mean "demanding or difficult." This type of needy person requires frequent reassurance or emotional support: "She's a good friend, but she can be so needy sometimes."
WORD FAMILY
needy: needier, neediest, needily, neediness+/ need: needed, needer, needful, needing, needless, needs, needy /needed: unneeded/needful: needfulest, needfully/ needless: needlessly
USAGE EXAMPLES
And with $600 from the Neediest Cases Fund, the family paid its electric bill.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Each year, The Seattle Times Fund For The Needy raises money for a group of charities that help children, families and senior citizens.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Community Service Society used $349.50 in Neediest Cases funds to buy Ms. Williams three months of MetroCards last spring for traveling to her job.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 贫穷的; 贫困的
级别：needier, neediest
分布：贫穷的(73%)，贫穷的人(19%)，缺乏的(8%)
→来自need,需要。引申词义贫困的，缺乏自信的。
【记】need东西的状态－needy
【反】affluent（adj 丰富的）
adjective
■poor and not having enough food, clothes, etc 贫穷的，缺乏生活必需品的
• The proceeds from the sale go to help needy people in the area. 此次义卖的收入用来帮助该地区的穷人。
■wanting too much attention and love 需要过多关怀的
• Sybil was very insecure and needy. 西比尔很缺乏安全感，很需要别人的关怀。
['ni:.di] plural noun
the needy
■poor people 穷人
• Let us pray for those who are not so fortunate as ourselves - the sick, the old and the needy. 让我们为那些比我们不幸的病弱者、老人和穷人祈祷吧。
adj. 贫困的；贫穷的；生活艰苦的
 - poor, indigent

Word: marathon
Front: marathon
[ˈmærəθən] (高六 6448/7224 -2)
Vocabulary: marathon
(once / 4434 pages)
n
A marathon is a very long race that runners compete in — a 26 mile, 385 yard race, to be exact. When you're training for a marathon, you'll gradually increase the distance of your daily runs.
The word marathon has ancient legendary roots: it comes from a long journey taken on foot by the Greek messenger Pheidippides, from the battlefields of Marathon to Athens in 490 BCE. As the story goes, he ran without stopping, announced to the citizens of Athens, "We have won," and promptly died. The marathon was one of the original Olympics events, and its difficulty inspired the figurative meaning of "any difficult undertaking."
WORD FAMILY
marathon: marathoner, marathons+/marathoner: marathoners
USAGE EXAMPLES
This channel’s Steinbeck-inspired marathon begins with Elia Kazan’s adaptation of one of Steinbeck’s most beloved novels.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Running a marathon, say, would be too much for a non-runner to aim for, while a vague desire to 'get fit' is hard to measure.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
She will then run the London marathon later that day, where she hopes to raise £15k for cancer charities.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. <体>马拉松赛跑; 长距离比赛; 需要长时间努力或耐力的事件或活动
adj. 需要极大持久力的
vi. 参加马拉松比赛
分布：马拉松(99%)，耐力比赛(1%)
→来自古希腊地名Marathon,字面意思为茴香，即长满茴香的土地。来自公元前490年，在Battle of Marathon战役中，希腊联军打败了波斯军队，战士Pheidippides从Marathon一路不停奔跑将这一喜迅传达给雅典，最后力竭而死。其路程约为42.195公里，后为纪念他，在1896年首次在雅典举行的奥林匹克运动会上设置了这一比赛项目，即marathon race.
US [-θɑ:n] noun countable
RACE 竞赛
 ADVANCED
■a running race of slightly over 26 miles (42.195 kilometres) 马拉松赛跑（全长42.195公里）
• the London/New York marathon 伦敦／纽约马拉松赛跑
• She did/ran her first marathon in just under three hours. 她首次参加马拉松比赛，就在三个小时内跑完了全程。
UK ['mær.ə.θən] US [-θɑ:n] noun countable
LONG ACTIVITY 持久的活动
■an activity which takes a long time and makes you very tired 马拉松式的活动，持久的活动
• The election broadcast, a nine-hour marathon, lasts until seven o'clock in the morning. 长达九个小时的马拉松式选举报道一直持续到早上七点。
UK ['mær.ə.θən] US [-θɑ:n] adjective [before noun]
RACE 竞赛
■related to marathons (= running races) 马拉松的
• a marathon runner 马拉松运动员
UK ['mær.ə.θən] US [-θɑ:n] adjective [before noun]
LONG TIME 长时间
■describes something which takes a very long time and makes you very tired 马拉松式的（形容一件事耗费很长时间，使人筋疲力竭）
• I had a marathon session marking 55 exam papers yesterday. 我昨天一连改了55份考卷。
adj. 马拉松式的；有耐力的
 - staminal

Word: manuscript
Front: manuscript
[ˈmænjuskrɪpt] (研六雅宝 5114/4595 -2)
Vocabulary: manuscript
(once / 287 pages)
n
A manuscript is a handwritten work. It's still a manuscript if it's typed — if a publisher asks for your manuscript, don't send her something scrawled on notebook paper!
The noun manuscript evolved from the Latin manu scriptus, meaning “written by hand.” Manu is “hand” and scriptus is “to write." It refers to old documents actually written by hand before books were made, but it can also refer to a writer's unpublished work whether it's handwritten or typed. Samuel Johnson said, “Your manuscript is both good and original, but the part that is good is not original and the part that is original is not good.” Harrumph!
WORD FAMILY
manuscript: manuscripts
USAGE EXAMPLES
The theft transformed the manuscript into an object of obsession, a kind of Maltese Falcon, for a coterie of Inquisition scholars and rare-book collectors.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
But when Ms. Faludi offers to let her read the book manuscript, she declines.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The team set up a dedicated channel for the in-development manuscript, allowing the entire group to weigh in on the text and figures.
Nature(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 手稿; 原稿; 底稿; 手写本
adj. 手写的，手抄的
分布：手稿(72%)，原稿(27%)，手抄的(1%)
→manu-,手，-script,写，词源同script,describe.引申词义手稿，原稿。
手稿(manu手+script写→手写→手稿)[man,maun=hand,表示"手"]
手抄本;原稿(manu手+script)[scrib,script=write,表示"写"]
n.手稿,原稿The subtle subscriber found the prescription manuscript.敏锐的认购者找到处方原稿.
【记】manu手，script写－手写稿
noun countable
■the original copy of a book or article before it is printed 手稿；原稿
• He sent the 400-page manuscript to his publisher. 他将400页的手稿寄给他的出版商了。
■an old document or book written by hand in the times before printing was invented （印刷术发明前的）手写本，手抄本
• It is thought that the manuscript is the work of a monk and dates from the twelfth century. 一般认为那部手抄本出自12世纪一位僧侣手笔。
n. [图情] 手稿；原稿
 - scripture, autograph
adj. [图情] 手写的
 - handwritten

Word: aboard
Front: aboard
[əˈbɔ:d] (高研四托 4984/7625 -2)
Vocabulary: aboard
(once / 269 pages)
adv
The adverb aboard means on board, as in on a ship, train or plane. Usually the captain will welcome you aboard with a brief speech if you're lucky — or a long one if you're not.
Aboard comes from the French phrase à bord, which has the same meaning as the English word — on board. If you were just hired, your new manager might say "Welcome aboard" (the figurative company train). The phrase "All aboard!" is said as a warning before departure, especially before a ship or train leaves. It means, in essence: haul your keister up here quick or you'll be left behind!
WORD FAMILY
aboard: aboards
USAGE EXAMPLES
All 27 other passengers and crew aboard perished.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
His wife, their two teenage sons and two neighbors were aboard.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
His wife, Suzanne; their two teenage sons, John and Andrew; and two neighbors whose names were not immediately released were aboard.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: prep. 在（船、飞机、车）上，上（船、飞机、车）; 上车
adv. 在船（或飞机、车）上，上船（或飞机、车）; 靠船边; 在船上; 在火车上
分布：上船(38%)，在船上(21%)，上飞机(16%)，上车(10%)，在飞机上(9%)，在火车上(6%)
→来自古英语on board. 单词board, 板，代指船板，船。
ad. & prep.在船(飞机,车)上;ad.上船(飞机)The roaring oar hit the coarse keyboard on the cupboard aboard the boat.轰鸣的桨击中了船上碗柜上的粗糙键盘.
US [-'bɔ:rd] adverb preposition
 ADVANCED
■used when talking about getting onto a ship, aircraft, bus or train 上船（或飞机、公共汽车、火车）；在船（或飞机、公共汽车、火车）
• The flight attendant welcomed us aboard. 空服员迎候我们登机。
• Welcome aboard flight BA345 to Tokyo. 欢迎乘坐飞往东京的 BA345 航班。
• The train's about to leave. All aboard! 火车即将离站，请所有乘客上车！
• We spent two months aboard ship (= on the ship). 我们坐了两个月的船。
aboard, broad, abroad, board
aboard: 在船(或飞机，车)上。如：I never went aboard a ship.
broad: 为形容词，宽广的。如：He has very broad shoulders.
abroad: 副词，在国外或海外。如：He often goes abroad.
board: 为动词，上(船，飞机，车)。如：The passengers are boarding the plane now.
adv. [航] 在飞机上； [军] [船] [交] 在船上；在火车上
 - onboard, ashipboard

Word: clay
Front: clay
[kleɪ] (高研四六托宝 4771/3961 -2)
Vocabulary: clay
(once / 574 pages)
1n 2n
Clay is a type of soil or dirt that's made of very small particles. You can mold clay into different shapes when it's wet.
Clay is terrible for planting a vegetable garden, but it's perfect for making pottery, tiles, or bricks. You can shape damp clay into a bowl or a cup, and when it's dried and fired in a very hot oven, it becomes extremely hard and sturdy. The Old English root of clay is clæg, "stiff, sticky earth."
WORD FAMILY
clay: clays
USAGE EXAMPLES
There is a sumptuous mosaic ceiling, with marble columns and copper clay friezes.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
She wouldn’t respond, however, and her color changed to that of clay, he said.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
She played with a piece of clay, molding it into a flower between her stump and hand.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 黏土，泥土; （相对于灵魂而言的）人体，肉体; 似黏土的东西; 克莱（男子名， Clayton 的昵称）
vt. 用黏土处理
分布：黏土(73%)，泥土(27%)
→来自glei,黏，粘，词源同cling,glue.
n.粘土,泥土Lay a layer of clay on the displayed layout before the relay race.接力赛之前在展示的陈设上铺一层黏土.
noun uncountable
■thick, heavy soil that is soft when wet, and hard when dry or baked, used for making bricks and containers 黏土，陶土
clay, mud, dust, ground, land, earth, dirt, soil
这组词都有“土地，土，泥”的意思，其区别是：
clay: 特指潮湿时发粘，而火烤后变坚硬的泥土。
mud: 指湿土，尤指雨后稀泥、污泥。
dust: 特指土壤干燥后，飞扬于空中的细微泥土。
ground: 通常指大地的表面，也可指土壤、泥土或场地。
land: 含义笼统。指与河流、海洋相对的陆地，也指可耕种的土地。
earth: 多指地表带有水分的泥土，较具体。
dirt: 指地表的干松泥土。
soil: 特指适宜栽种农作物或生长各种植物的泥土。
n. [土壤] 粘土；泥土；肉体；似黏土的东西
 - earth, flesh, dirt

Word: beacon
Front: beacon
[ˈbi:kən] (托宝 10441/10036 -1)
Vocabulary: beacon
(once / 1169 pages)
nv
If your nose is shining like a beacon, I hope you are a reindeer employed by a jolly fat man from the North Pole.
Beacon comes from an Old English word meaning “sign,” and that's what actual beacons are for lost ships: signs of having made it to land. Beacons are often some kind of light, like the bonfires that the ancient Greeks lit on hillsides to communicate that an army had come home from overseas. You'll also see beacon used figuratively, especially in the phrase “beacon of hope.”
WORD FAMILY
beacon: beaconed, beaconing, beacons
USAGE EXAMPLES
At Jo-Ann Fabric, the sewing aisle, a beacon of immigrant industriousness, was humming.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
“In my time on Beacon Hill I’ve talked to a lot of lawmakers around the state who were interested in what we’re doing,” Burns said.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Dalén invented a neat little device that would, when heated by the sun, pinch off the gas suppling a lighthouse’s beacon.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 灯塔，信号浮标; 烽火; 指路明灯; 警标，界标
vt. 照亮，指引; 为…设置信标; 用灯指引
vi. 像灯塔般照耀
时态：beaconed, beaconing, beacons
分布：灯塔(80%)，烽火(19%)，基地(1%)
→来自PIE *bha, 发光，照耀，词源同fantasy, 幻想物。
【记】bea＝bead珠子，夜明珠，con＝can能。夜明珠能在晚上导航。
noun countable
■a light or fire on the top of a hill that acts as a warning or signal （山顶上作为信号的）信标灯，灯塔，烽火
• As part of the centenary celebrations a chain of beacons was lit across the region. 这个地区各作为百年庆典的一部分，各处都点起了一盏盏灯火。
• figurative She was a beacon of hope in troubled times. 在动荡的年代，她是人们的希望之灯。
n. [水运] 灯塔，信号浮标；烽火；指路明灯
 - lighthouse, phare
vt. 照亮，指引
 - lamp, light up

Word: soya
Front: soya
[ˈsɔɪə] (38506/20828 -1)
Back: n. 大豆; [作物]黄豆
分布：大豆(85%)，黄豆(15%)
(US soy)
noun uncountable
■soya beans as a crop 大豆（作物）
n. 大豆， [作物] 黄豆
 - soy bean, soja

Word: dumb
Front: dumb
[dʌm] (研四六托雅 4659/6703 -1)
Vocabulary: dumb
(once / 351 pages)
1adj 2adj
Today, most of the time someone or something is described as dumb when it shows a lack of thought, like your dumb idea of wearing flip-flops in a snowstorm.
Dumb is the Old English word that means "mute, speechless," and itself came from an even older word dheubh meaning "confusion, stupefaction, dizziness." Today, dumb still means "unable to speak," but it doesn't have anything to do with intelligence. Its other meaning, however, does. If you make a dumb mistake, it's something you could have avoided if you thought it through first.
WORD FAMILY
dumb: dumber, dumbest, dumbly, dumbness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mills said, “That’s where Miranda’s a savior. I felt dumb that I was falling for the competition.”
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Mr. Obama was a state senator from Illinois in October 2002 when he famously condemned Iraq as a “dumb war.”
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
In other words, country folks should stay bought and the working class is too dumb to understand what’s good for them.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 哑的，无说话能力的; 不说话的，无声的; 沉默的，无言的; 口齿不清的，（在政府中）无代言人的，政治上无发言权的
级别：dumber, dumbest
分布：愚蠢的(63%)，哑的(22%)，不能说话的(10%)，使沉默(5%)
→来自dheu, 烟尘，烟雾，词源同dust, deaf, dull. 引申词义笨拙的，哑的。
a.哑的,无言的Thus the enthusiastic dumb man thumbed the humble man's umbrella.于是热情的哑巴用拇指拨弄谦卑男子的伞.
adjective
SILENT 沉默的
■permanently or temporarily unable to speak 哑的；说不出话的
• He's been deaf and dumb since birth. 他生下来就又聋又哑。
• She was struck dumb by what she had seen. 她被自己看到的一切吓得说不出话来。
[dʌm] adjective
STUPID 愚蠢的 mainly US informal
■stupid and annoying 愚蠢的，恼人的
• Are they brave or just dumb? 他们是真的勇敢还是只是匹夫之勇？
• What a dumb idea! 这想法太蠢了！
[dʌm] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] dumb sth down informal disapproving
■to make something simpler and easier for people to understand, especially in order to make it more popular （尤指为了更加普及而）使…简化，将…通俗化
• The General Synod accused broadcasters of dumbing down religious programmes. 总教会会议指责播音员将宗教节目通俗化了。
dumbing down /ˌdʌm.ɪŋˈdaʊn] noun uncountable informal disapproving 2. the dumbing down of British television 英国电视的通俗化
dumb, mute
这组词都有“哑的，不能说话的”的意思，其区别是：
dumb: 可与mute换用，但dumb指根本没有说话能力或失去了说话能力。
mute: 多指因后天疾病而引起的聋哑，有时也指因故不说话。
adj. 哑的，无说话能力的；不说话的，无声音的
 - tongueless, speechless

Word: deportation
Front: deportation
[ˌdi:pɔ:'teɪʃn] (六宝 11709/15997)
Vocabulary: deportation
(once / 4543 pages)
n
Deportation is the act of throwing a foreigner out of a country, whether they are a resident or an intruder.
If you've ever heard that someone was deported — expelled from a country — then you can probably guess that deportation is the act of that happening. Deportation can involve a resident of a country who is tossed out because of a crime. Often, deportation happens to people who enter a country illegally and are caught. A citizen of a country is usually safe from deportation. Deportation means something close to exile. When you see the word deportation, think “Goodbye.”
WORD FAMILY
deportation: deportations+/ deport: deportation, deported, deportee, deporting, deportment, deports/deportee: deportees/ deportment: deportments
USAGE EXAMPLES
Turkish immigration authorities informed the Brunsons that they would be detained pending deportation from the country.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Trump, who campaigned on building a wall on the U.S.-Mexico border and endorsed mass deportations, effectively rejected the recommendation — and won anyway.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
They argue that skipping the lengthier deportation procedures deprives people of the opportunity to claim asylum.
Reuters(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 驱逐出境，放逐; 递解出境
分布：驱逐(55%)，驱逐出境(39%)，放逐(6%)
驱逐出境(deport+ation)[Port=carry,表示"拿,运"]
VERB
驱逐(非本国居民)出境
If a government deports someone, usually someone who is not a citizen of that country, it sends them out of the country because they have committed a crime or because it believes they do not have the right to be there.
例：...a government decision earlier this month to deport all illegal immigrants...本月早些时候出台的将所有非法移民驱逐出境的政府决议
例：More than 240 England football fans are being deported from Italy following riots last night.昨晚的骚乱发生后有240多名英格兰球迷被驱逐出意大利。
n. 驱逐出境；放逐
 - renvoi, Pushing Me Away

Word: crawl
Front: crawl
[krɔ:l] (研四六托雅 3836/5004 -2)
Vocabulary: crawl
(once / 284 pages)
1vn 2v 3v 4nv 5v
To crawl is to move slowly across the floor on your hands and knees. Before they learn to walk, most babies crawl.
You might crawl around looking for a lost earring, or watch a spider crawl across your ceiling. The slow, creeping movement itself is a crawl, too: "Traffic was moving at a crawl." When your dog has fleas, he crawls with them, and if something gives you a creepy, prickling sensation, it makes your skin crawl. Crawl probably comes from the Old Norse krafla, "to claw one's way," which shares a root with crab.
WORD FAMILY
crawl: crawled, crawler, crawling, crawls+/crawler: crawlers/crawling: crawlings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Culture crawl I would, at breakneck pace, through an only-in-Manhattan New Year’s Eve, to show last year the door.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
As an infant, Blake reached developmental milestones, learning to roll over, sit up and crawl at all the right times.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Laundromat owner Rhonda Emerson says the thieves kicked a hole in the wall underneath the change machine and crawled into the locked office.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vi. 爬行; 缓慢行进; 巴结
n. 缓慢的爬行; 〈美俚〉跳舞，自由式游泳; 养鱼（龟）池
时态：crawled, crawling, crawls
分布：爬行(88%)，自由式游泳(5%)，匍匐而行(4%)，卑躬屈膝(3%)
→词源同creep.
v./n.爬行,蠕动;缓慢(的)行进Step by step, the sleepy creeper crawled into my sleeve to sleep.昏昏欲睡的爬虫一步一步爬进我的袖子里睡觉.
US [krɑ:l] verb
MOVE 移动
 ADVANCED intransitive
■to move slowly or with difficulty, especially (of a person) with the body stretched out along the ground or on hands and knees 缓慢移动；艰难前行；爬行；匍匐前进
• The child crawled across the floor. 那个孩子爬过了地板。
• The injured soldier crawled to safety. 受伤的士兵慢慢爬向安全的地方。
• The lorry crawled noisily up the hill. 货车轰轰隆隆吃力地爬上山坡。
• Megan has just learned to crawl. 梅甘刚学会爬。
UK [krɔ:l] US [krɑ:l] verb
TRY TO PLEASE 试图讨好
intransitive informal disapproving
■to try hard to please in order to get an advantage 巴结，讨好；阿谀奉承；卑躬屈膝
• I don't like people who crawl. 我不喜欢卑躬屈膝的人。
• UK He crawled to the group leader because he wanted a promotion. 因为想得到提升，他对集团领导阿谀奉承。
UK [krɔ:l] US [krɑ:l] verb
FILL 充满
be crawling with sth informal
■to be completely covered with or full of a particular type of thing 爬满；充满；挤满
• The kitchen floor was crawling with ants. 厨房的地板上爬满了蚂蚁。
UK [krɔ:l] US [krɑ:l] verb
crawl back (to sb)
■to admit that you were wrong and ask someone for forgiveness or for something that you refused in the past （向某人）认错，讨饶
• Don't come crawling back to me when she throws you out! 等她抛弃你时，别跑回来求我原谅！
UK [krɔ:l] US [krɑ:l] noun
SWIMMING 游泳
[S or U]
■a style of swimming in which you move your arms over your head and kick with straight legs 自由泳；爬泳
UK [krɔ:l] US [krɑ:l] noun
MOVEMENT 移动
only singular
■a very slow speed 缓慢移动；徐行；爬行
• Traffic moved forward at a crawl. 车辆缓缓向前移动。
climb, creep, crawl
这组词都有“爬”的意思，其区别是：
climb: 通常指用手或足爬上或爬下，也指飞机、日、月的上升，还可用作比喻。
creep: 多指人或四足动物匍匐爬行，尤指偷偷地或不出声地缓慢向前爬行。也指植物的蔓延生长等。
crawl: 指人或动物以身躯贴着地面缓慢地移动。
vi. 爬行；匍匐行进
 - creep
n. 爬行； [水产] 养鱼池；匍匐而行
 - creep, aquarium

Word: internally
Front: internally
[ɪn'tɜ:nəlɪ] (8800/7769)
Back: adv. 内地; 内心地; 国内地; 本质地
分布：国内地(50%)，内部地(50%)
ADJ
国内的;内政的;(组织)内部的
Internal is used to describe things that exist or happen inside a country or organization.
例：The country stepped up internal security...该国加强了国内安保。
例：We now have a Europe without internal borders...我们如今拥有一个内部没有边界的欧洲。
ADJ
体内的;(物体或场所)内部的
Internal is used to describe things that exist or happen inside a particular person, object, or place.
例：...massive internal bleeding...体内大出血
例：Some of the internal walls of my house are made of plasterboard.我家房子的一些内墙是石膏板做的。
adv. 内部地；国内地；内在地
 - domestically, inherently

Word: grandee
Front: grandee
[grænˈdi:] (34339/24713)
Back: n. 贵族，大公，显贵者
分布：大公(55%)，贵族(38%)，显贵的人(7%)
noun countable
■an important person, especially in a particular job or area of public life （尤指特定工作或者公共生活领域的）大人物，重要人物
n. 贵族；要人；大公（西班牙或葡萄牙最高爵位）
 - prince, noble, personage, nobility

Word: hoard
Front: hoard
[hɔ:d] (宝 14732/12760 -1)
Vocabulary: hoard
(once / 1338 pages)
nv
To hoard is to save something (or lots of things) for future use. Squirrels hoard nuts for the winter. Old ladies tend to hoard canned food and used plastic bags.
People have been using the word hoard for both "to hide" and "treasure" for centuries; as both a verb and as a noun. Some hoard valuables, such as money, jewelry, and family antiques. Others build up a hoard, or cache, of things that aren't worth money but are important to them — like comic books or match books.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
hoard / horde
To hoard is to squirrel stuff away, like gold bricks or candy wrappers. A horde is a crowd of people, usually, but it can also be a gang of mosquitoes, robots, or rabid zombie kittens.
If you gather all the info you can about hoard, and store it away for later, you'll find it comes from the word for "hidden treasure." When you hoard something, you are collecting lots of material, usually of value, in secret. You store these things in case you need them later. It's a noun and a verb. Hoarding canned goods and batteries before a hurricane is smart. Not throwing out that hoard of old playground equipment in your yard, not so smart. Here's some hoarding from the news:
American firms continue to hoard cash and overall bank deposits soar despite rock-bottom interest rates. (New York Times)
Clippings and advertisements for free samples were hoarded and quickly posted. (Lauren Ann Isaacson)
Every one is given at least one talent for use; not to hide and hoard away. (Louise Vescelius-Sheldon)
A horde, on the other hand, is a busy mob, like the one that chases Frankenstein's monster with torches. Hordes are often roving and mad. Horde is usually derogatory and should be use with care. Here are some hordes from the news:
In China, it means angry hordes parading victims wearing dunce caps through the streets before stringing them up in public squares. (Time)
As darkness fell, women illuminated by wood fires stirred vats of couscous and beef stew for the hordes of visitors. (New York Times)
The only reason people get these words confused is that they sound. Remember, there's an "a" in hoard and "gather." Horde is just a wild bunch of letters holding pitchforks.
WORD FAMILY
hoard: hoarded, hoarder, hoards+/hoarder: hoarders
USAGE EXAMPLES
Then withdraw with a thriller and some hoarded snacks as they bond intensely over how much they hate you.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Companies prefer to put money in the pockets of shareholders or to hoard cash rather than to raise wages or invest.
Salon(Dec 24, 2016)
He says the closure is needed to thwart smugglers who hoard bolivars in Colombia.
Seattle Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 积聚，囤积; 密窖; 贮藏处
vt. 积聚; 秘藏
vi. 积蓄，贮藏
时态：hoarded, hoarding, hoards
分布：贮藏(68%)，储存(32%)
→来自古英语hord,宝藏，藏宝处，来自skeu,覆盖，隐藏，词源同hide,house.引申词义贮藏，囤积。
【记】把东西hoard到board（n 木板）后边。
【区】hoary（adj 灰白的）
【反】lavish（v 浪费）
US [hɔ:rd] verb transitive
■to collect large amounts of something and keep it in a safe, often secret, place 贮藏，囤积
• During the siege people began hoarding food and supplies. 围困期间，人们开始囤积食品和日用品。
• There would be enough food on a daily basis if people were not hoarding it. 如果人们不储藏食物，按日常用量应当会有足够的食品供应。
UK [hɔ:d] US [hɔ:rd] noun countable
■a large amount of something that someone has saved and hidden 大量储藏和积存的物品
• We found a huge hoard of tinned food in the basement. 我们在地下室发现了一大批储藏的罐头食品。
vt. 贮藏
 - store, reposit

Word: hangover
Front: hangover
[ˈhæŋəʊvə(r)] (13020/11622 -1)
Back: n. 宿醉（酒后醒来的头痛和不舒服）; 遗留的感觉（或风俗、习惯等）; <医>后遗症; 残余物
分布：宿醉(85%)，残留物(8%)，遗物(7%)
→比喻用法。参照电影《宿醉》。
US [-ˌoʊ.vɚ] noun countable
ILLNESS 疾病
■a feeling of illness after drinking too much alcohol （大量饮酒后的）宿醉，不适反应
• I had a terrible hangover the next morning. 第二天上午我宿醉得很严重。
• a hangover cure 解宿醉的方法
⇒ See also hung-over
UK ['hæŋˌəʊ.vər] US [-ˌoʊ.vɚ] noun countable
CONTINUING 继续
■something that continues from an earlier time 遗留物
• The present political system is a hangover from the nineteenth century colonial era. 现行的政治制度是19世纪殖民时期遗留下来的。
n. [内科] 宿醉；残留物；遗物
 - residuum, morning after

Word: void
Front: void
[vɔɪd] (研六托雅宝 6815/8457 -1)
Vocabulary: void
(once / 564 pages)
nadjv
A void is empty space, nothingness, zero, zilch. A place that's void of all life forms has no sign of animals, plants, or people.
You may recognize void from the Old Testament passage describing creation: "The earth was without form and void, and darkness was over the face of the deep." In other words, nothing was there: pure emptiness. When you void something or make it void, you make it legally invalid, and that kind of void often goes with null. You might tell Cinderella, "If you're not back by midnight, that arrangement with the pumpkin and the mice is null and void."
WORD FAMILY
void: voidable, voidance, voided, voider, voiding, voidly, voids+/voiding: voidings
USAGE EXAMPLES
An appeals court recently voided the convictions of 73 police officers for their participation in the killings, raising criticism from human rights groups.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
SpaceX said accumulation of oxygen in a void or buckle in the liner most likely led to the explosion.
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
Fayrouz Saad, an Arab American and a Muslim woman, sees “a void” in Congress and state legislatures of young, minority faces.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 空的，空虚的，没人住的; （职位）空缺着的; 无效的
n. 太空，宇宙空间; 空位，空隙; 空虚感，寂寞的心情
vt. 使无效; 宣布…作废; 取消; 排泄
时态：voided, voiding, voids
分布：空白(30%)，无效的(19%)，空虚(19%)，空的(10%)，真空(9%)，排泄(6%)，使无效(5%)，缺乏的(1%)，使空出(1%)
→来自古法语voide,空的，来自wa-,空出，遗弃，词源同vain,vacuum。引申词义空白，空虚。
空的,n.空虚[vac,van,void=empty表示"空"]
a.空虚的;没有的;无效的Her rejoicing voice is void of something avoidable.她那令人高兴的声音缺少某种可避免的东西.
noun
countable usually singular
■a large hole or empty space 空洞；空间；空白
• She stood at the edge of the chasm and stared into the void. 她站在裂缝的边缘凝视着下面的深渊。
• Before Einstein, space was regarded as a formless void. 在爱因斯坦之前，太空被认为是无形的虚空之地。
only singular
■a feeling of unhappiness because someone or something is missing 空虚感；失落感
• They tried to describe their attempts to fill the void left by their son's death. 他们竭力想要描述他们曾如何试图填补儿子死后留下的空虚感。
[vɔɪd] adjective
NOT ACCEPTABLE 不可接受的
■having no legal authority and therefore unacceptable 不合法的；无效的
• The lawyers declared the contract (null and) void. 律师宣布这份合同无效。
⇒ See also null and void
[vɔɪd] adjective
WITHOUT 没有
void of literary
■without; lacking in 没有；缺少
• He's completely void of charm so far as I can see. 依我看他毫无魅力可言。
[vɔɪd] verb transitive
■to remove the legal force from something such as a legal agreement 使无效；使作废；取消
adj. 空的；无效的；无人的
 - empty, hollow, useless, bare, vacant
n. 空虚；空间；空隙
 - vacuum, room, clearance, blank, emptiness
vt. 使无效；排放
 - invalidate, nullify

Word: irregularity
Front: irregularity
[ɪˌregjəˈlærəti] (六 12549/9635)
Back: n. 不规则，无规律; 非正则，非正式; 不整齐; 不规则的事物
分布：不规则性(46%)，违法(29%)，便秘(14%)，不规则的事物(11%)
US [-'ler.ə.tˌi] noun
SHAPE 形状
countable or uncountable
■when something is not regular in shape or form, or an example of this 不规则；不整齐
• The pictures showed cracks and other irregularities in otherwise perfectly regular crystals. 从这些图片可见：除了一些裂缝及凹凸不平之处，这些等轴晶系晶体无可挑剔。
• The west of the island is famous for the irregularity of its coastline. 岛的西部因其曲折的海岸线而闻名。
UK [ɪˌreg.jə'lær.ə.ti] US [-'ler.ə.tˌi] noun
RULE 规则
countable or uncountable
■something which is not correct or acceptable 违规；不合常规
• The inspectors found several irregularities in the business accounts. 检查人员在业务账目中发现了几处违规。
• The irregularity of (= The lack of rules for) English spelling means that it is easy to make mistakes. 英语拼写没有规律可循意味着很容易拼错。
UK [ɪˌreg.jə'lær.ə.ti] US [-'ler.ə.tˌi] noun
TIME/SPACE 时间／空间
uncountable
■when something does not happen at regular times 不定期；无规律
n. 不规则；无规律； [电子] 不整齐
 - anomaly, abnormity

Word: stalk
Front: stalk
[stɔ:k] (研六托宝 6634/10135 -2)
Vocabulary: stalk
(once / 410 pages)
1n 2nv
A stalk is a long, vertical stem or connecting part of a plant. When you eat celery, do you like the inner stalks, which are paler and more tender, or the tough outer ones?
As a verb, stalk means to walk stiffly or angrily. If someone insults you, you might stalk from the room and refuse to listen to another word. When hunting, an animal stalks its prey — it follows its quarry stealthily until it's time to pounce. Similarly, if a person stalks you, they follow and watch you. It is very threatening and frightening to the one who is being stalked, and the police should be called.
WORD FAMILY
stalk: stalked, stalker, stalking, stalkless, stalks+/ stalker: stalkers/ stalking: stalkings
USAGE EXAMPLES
He seasons the brodo with fresh thyme stalks, lemon juice and salt.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Taylor University’s 40-foot brick bell tower rises like a stalk from the Indiana corn.
Salon(Dec 28, 2016)
He created 60 Twitter handles for Islamic State propaganda and stalked residences in Northern Virginia that were on the group’s “kill lists.”
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. [植]茎，秆; 叶柄，花梗; 高视阔步; 偷偷接近，潜随
vt. 追踪，潜近; 高视阔步
vi. 高视阔步地走; 潜近，偷偷接近
时态：stalked, stalking, stalks
分布：茎(54%)，梗(18%)，蔓延(11%)，高视阔步(8%)，跟踪(5%)，高视阔步地走(3%)，悄悄靠近(1%)
→来自中古英语 stalke,小杆，小柱，小词形式于 stale,来自古英语 stalu,直柱，立柱，来自 Proto-Germanic*stallaz,放置，固定位置，来自 stel,放置，站立，词源同 stall,stand.引申 词义叶柄，花茎等。stalk 跟踪，盯梢，偷偷接近
n.茎,梗vt.悄悄地跟踪vi.高视阔步地走The hunter stalked the bear through the woods.那个猎人穿过树林,悄悄走近熊.
【记】由于植物的茎可以通过测量动物脚印的深度和测出动物粪便的湿度，所以有利于追踪猎物－追踪
【参】stem（n 茎；v 阻止）
US [stɑ:k] noun countable
■the main stem of a plant, or the narrow stem that joins leaves, flowers or fruit to the main stem of a plant （植物的）茎，秆；（叶或果实的）柄，蒂；（花）梗
• She trimmed the stalks of the tulips before putting them in a vase. 她修剪了一下郁金香的花梗，然后把它们插进了花瓶。
■a narrow structure that supports a part of the body in some animals （某些动物的）肉柄，肉茎
• The eyes of shrimps are on movable stalks. 虾的眼睛长在能够活动的肉柄上。
UK [stɔ:k] US [stɑ:k] noun countable
eyes out on stalks UK humorous
■If your eyes are out on stalks, they are wide open with surprise 吃惊得瞪大了眼睛
• His eyes were out on stalks as he watched his neighbour drive past in a brand new Porsche. 看到邻居开着一辆崭新的保时捷经过时，他吃惊得瞪大了眼睛。
UK [stɔ:k] US [stɑ:k] verb
FOLLOW 跟随
transitive
■to follow an animal or person as closely as possible without being seen or heard, usually in order to catch or kill them 跟踪，悄悄地靠近（猎物或人）
• The police had been stalking the woman for a week before they arrested her. 警方逮捕那个女人之前已经跟踪了她一个星期。
intransitive or transitive
■to illegally follow and watch someone, usually a woman, over a period of time （在一段时期内）非法跟踪骚扰（通常指女性）
• He was arrested for stalking. 他因跟踪骚扰女性而被捕。
transitive literary
■If something unpleasant stalks a place, it appears there in a threatening way （令人不快的事）笼罩
• When night falls, danger stalks the streets of the city. 夜幕降临之后，该市的大街小巷危机四伏。
UK [stɔ:k] US [stɑ:k] verb
WALK 走
intransitive + adverb or preposition
■to walk in an angry or proud way 怒气冲冲地走；趾高气扬地走
• She refused to accept that she was wrong and stalked furiously out of the room. 她拒绝承认自己的错误，怒气冲冲地走出了房间。
n. （植物的）茎，秆；（支持叶子、果实和花的） [植] 梗， [生物] 柄；追踪；高视阔步
 - stem, tracking, handle
vt. 追踪，潜近；高视阔步
 - trail, follow up on
vi. 高视阔步地走；潜近，偷偷接近
 - move in on

Word: barrage
Front: barrage
[ˈbærɑ:ʒ] (宝 10255/8918 -1)
Vocabulary: barrage
(once / 2566 pages)
nv
A barrage is something that comes quickly and heavily — as an attack of bullets or artillery, or a fast spray of words.
Sometimes in movies or news footage, the audience gets a glimpse from behind a mounted weapon and sees a heavy rain of bombs or bullets — called a barrage — going toward a target, sending as much POW! as possible to hit a wide area. Words become a barrage when spoken or written in uncontrollable anger or with overflowing emotion: "Her human-rights speech was a barrage of passion. It was hard to keep up with, but we felt the intensity of her cause."
WORD FAMILY
barrage: barraged, barrages, barraging
USAGE EXAMPLES
The barrage of criticism amounts to a rare sustained burst of public anger by China’s burgeoning middle class.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
Yet last week, on a miserable rainy day, militants unleashed a torrential barrage on the district.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
The next morning, May 28, Acosta barraged Pamatz’s phone with text messages and phone calls, begging to meet with her.
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 拦河坝; 阻塞; 弹幕; 齐射式攻击
vt. 以密集火力攻击（或阻击）
时态：barraged, barraging, barrages
分布：弹幕(41%)，拦河坝(40%)，掩护炮火(13%)，以密集火力进攻(6%)
→词源同bar, 杆，棍，原指用杆棍搭建的拦河坝，阻挡洪水，火力网是后来义。
阻塞,遮断(barr+age表名词→用捧拦住→阻塞)[barr=stick表示,"捧,栏"]
【记】bar酒吧，rage愤怒。酒吧里出现暴怒的场面。一定是因为中国队输球了，遭遇了黑色3分钟什么的。只见酒吧里酒瓶子乱飞，形成弹幕。然后，酒越来越多，需要一个大坝拦住，不然，北京就成了威尼斯了。
US [bə'rɑ:ʒ] noun
ATTACK 攻击
countable usually singular
■continuous firing of large guns to protect soldiers advancing on an enemy 掩护炮火，阻击火网
• an artillery barrage 炮火掩护
a barrage of sth
■a great number of complaints, criticisms or questions suddenly directed at someone 连珠发炮的（投诉、批评或质问），接二连三的…
• The TV station has received a barrage of complaints about the amount of violence in the series. 电视台收到了一连串的投诉，批评电视剧中的暴力镜头太多。
• He faced a barrage of questions over his handling of the problem. 就该问题的处理方式，他受到了接二连三的质问。
UK ['bær.ɑ:ʒ] US [bə'rɑ:ʒ] noun
STRUCTURE 建筑物
countable
■a structure that is built across a river to provide water for farming, to produce electricity, or to allow boats to travel more easily 拦河坝，堰，拦河坝
• The proposed tidal barrage would generate enough electricity to supply between 60 000 and 80 000 homes. 提议修筑的拦潮坝，其发电量将足够供六万至八万户家庭使用。
n. 弹幕；阻塞；齐射式攻击； [水利] 拦河坝
 - backup, snarl-up

Word: whim
Front: whim
[wɪm] (托宝 10044/9606 -1)
Vocabulary: whim
(once / 902 pages)
n
A whim is an odd or fanciful idea, something kooky you suddenly decide to do, like dress up like a chicken or drive to Vegas.
A whim can be a sudden impulse or a change of mind, like if you go shopping for school clothes but instead buy a pink cowboy hat. Whim is a shortened version of the equally silly sounding whim wham which means "fanciful object," like a tiny snow globe that plays "Hava Nagila." If you go for a drive on a whim, you could wind up anywhere, perhaps even back to the store to return that snow globe.
WORD FAMILY
whim: whims
USAGE EXAMPLES
Kipnis said he did the experiment that led to the discovery “on a whim” after reading about type 2 innate lymphocytes in another paper.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
It all happened on a whim, she says.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
A top GOP leader got an up-close lesson on the competing whims of Trump insiders.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 一时的兴致; 突然的念头; 怪念头，奇想; 幻想
vi. 心血来潮地向往
分布：奇想(66%)，一时的兴致(34%)
→缩写自whimsy.
【记】w，hi，m：前边是w，后边是m，w和m，反复无偿
noun countable
■a sudden wish or idea, especially one that cannot be reasonably explained 突然的念头，冲动
• We booked the holiday on a whim. 我们一冲动就预订了假日游。
• You can add what you like to this mixture - brandy, whisky or nothing at all - as the whim takes you. 你可以在这种混合饮料里加入任何你喜欢的东西——白兰地、威士卡或甚么也不加——全看你自己。
• Oh for a husband who would indulge my every whim! 啊，我多么想有一个对我百依百顺的丈夫呀！
n. 奇想；一时的兴致；怪念头；幻想
 - vagary, fancy

Word: conductor
Front: conductor
[kənˈdʌktə(r)] (高研四六托 5912/6176 -2)
Vocabulary: conductor
(once / 433 pages)
1n 2n 3n
A train conductor is the person who takes tickets, shouts "All aboard!" and might control the engine, while a musical conductor is the one who leads an orchestra. Same job title — not the same person.
From the Latin root conducere, meaning "bring together," a conductor does just that. A music conductor makes sure all the musicians come in at the right time and tempo, and a train conductor brings together all of the passengers. Another type of conductor is something that passes on electricity or heat, like a metal spoon, a conductor of heat when left in a pot that's simmering on the stove.
WORD FAMILY
conductor: conductors, nonconductor, semiconductor+/ conduct: conducted, conducting, conduction, conductive, conductor, conducts, misconduct /conducting: non-conducting, nonconducting, semiconducting/ conduction: conductions/conductive: conductively, conductivity, nonconductive, semiconductive/conductivity: conductivities, superconductivity/ misconduct: misconducted, misconducting, misconducts/nonconductor: nonconductors/semiconductor: semiconductors
USAGE EXAMPLES
Do you remember when you first decided you wanted to be a conductor?
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Rail travellers are facing yet more disruption as Southern conductors begin a further three-day strike at midnight.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
According to the Skagit County sheriff’s report, the train conductor and engineer saw the car approaching the crossing.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. <电>导体; 售票员; （乐队）指挥; 导管（套管的一种）
分布：指挥(42%)，导体(36%)，售票员(22%)
指挥家;乘务员(conduct+or)[duc,duct=lead,bring,表示"引导,带来"]
n.管理者;(汽车)售票员;领队,指挥;导体The conductor is reluctant to reduce the conductivity of the semiconductor.导演不情愿降低半导体的导电率.
US [-tɚ] noun countable
PUBLIC TRANSPORT 公共运输
■someone whose job is to sell tickets on a bus, train or other public vehicle 售票员
UK [kən'dʌk.tər] US [-tɚ] noun countable
MUSIC 音乐
■someone who directs the performance of musicians or a piece of music 音乐指挥
• The conductor raised his baton. 指挥举起了指挥棒。
• a guest conductor 嘉宾指挥
UK [kən'dʌk.tər] US [-tɚ] noun countable
SUBSTANCE 物质
■a substance that allows heat or electricity to go through it 导体
• Metal is a good conductor of heat. 金属是良好的热导体。
n. [电] 导体； [交] 售票员；领导者；管理人
 - leader, Moses, supervisor, administrator

Word: bustle
Front: bustle
[ˈbʌsl] (托雅 13447/12009 -1)
Vocabulary: bustle
(once / 517 pages)
1vn 2n
A flurry of activity and commotion is often referred to as bustle. If you want to see true bustle in action, just walk through Times Square in New York during lunch hour.
If it's busy, energetic or moving about at a rapid pace, then it's bustling. Word historians think bustle might stem from an Old Norse word meaning "to prepare." However, it's probably easier to remember bustle by the synonym it's often used with — hustle, as in "the hustle and bustle of a big city."
WORD FAMILY
bustle: bustled, bustles, bustling+/bustling: bustlingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Most of the park was and still is a green refuge from the bustle just outside its gates.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“If you visit a campaign headquarters at the end of the election, it should be bustling with young people,” she said.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Still, the Jews retain enemy status, their presence felt in a series of bustling, bristling choruses.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vi. 喧闹; 忙乱; 奔忙
vt. 催促; 使忙碌
n. 喧闹; （女裙后部的）腰垫，裙撑; 热闹的活动; 奔走，忙乱
时态：bustled, bustling, bustles
分布：匆忙(38%)，衬垫(25%)，催促(25%)，喧哗(12%)
→来自bust, 同burst, 爆发。
verb intransitive + adverb or preposition
■to do things in a hurried and busy way 匆忙做，忙碌
• Thora bustled about the flat, getting everything ready. 托拉在公寓里忙着把所有东西都准备好。
['bʌs.l] noun
ACTIVITY 活动
uncountable
■busy activity
• I sat in a café, watching the (hustle and) bustle of the street outside. 我坐在咖啡馆里，望着街上忙碌的景象。
['bʌs.l] noun
DRESS 裙子
countable
■a frame worn under a dress or skirt by women in the late 19th century to make the skirt stick out （19世纪末女子的）裙撑
vi. 喧闹；忙乱；充满
 - whoop up, abound with
vt. 使忙碌；催促
 - crowd, occupy, exercise
n. 喧闹；活跃；裙撑；热闹的活动
 - activity, rumpus

Word: pavement
Front: pavement
[ˈpeɪvmənt] (研四六雅 6540/3861 -2)
Vocabulary: pavement
(once / 474 pages)
n
Pavement is a hard surface that's covered in concrete or asphalt, like a road or a driveway. If you wipe out on your bike and land on the pavement, you may end up with skinned knees or scraped elbows.
When pavement is newly surfaced or patched, it's smooth and even — but after a long, cold winter pavement is often full of potholes and cracks. In the US, pavement most often refers to a road or street, but it can also mean any paved surface, like a sidewalk or paved area in a park. The word has a Latin root, pavimentum, "level surface that's been beaten firm."
WORD FAMILY
pavement: pavements+/ pave: pavage, paved, pavement, paves, paving/paved: unpaved/paving: pavings
USAGE EXAMPLES
That means more rain gardens, stormwater vaults and permeable pavement for all new development in the county.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
When he was 4, he would scoop up pavement ants in front of his house and keep them in jars.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The pavement outside our front door was packed with screaming, dancing revellers.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 人行道; 硬路面; 铺过的路面; [动]铺石状构造[密生的齿列等]
分布：路面(56%)，人行道(43%)，铺石；铺路材料(1%)
→来自pave,铺路，-ment,名词后缀。
人行道(pave铺路)[-ment 1.表名词"行为或结果"2.表示具体物]
n.人行道By the navigation of microwave, the navy paved a pavement on the wavy sea.借助微波导航,海军在多浪的大海上铺了一条路.
noun countable
 ADVANCED UK (US sidewalk)
■a path with a hard surface on one or both sides of a road, that people walk on 人行道
• Keep to the pavement, Rosie, there's a good girl. 沿着人行道走，罗茜，乖孩子。
 ADVANCED US
■the surface of a road when it has been covered with concrete or tarmac 铺筑过的路面
highway, route, avenue, trail, street, path, motorway, way, road, pavement, lane
这组词都有“路”的意思，其区别是：
highway: 通常指市区外可以通行各种机动车辆的交通干线。
route: 指从此处通往彼处的路线、路程等。
avenue: 在美国，指城市中一侧或两侧建筑物林立的大道或马路；而在英国则常指通住乡村大住宅、私人大庄园或两旁栽树的道路。
trail: 指人或兽在森林、荒野或山中踩出的小径或崎岖小道。
street: 尤指城市中的道路，往往一侧或两侧有高大建筑物；还可指城市小镇、近郊可供人、车、马行走的平坦道路。
path: 多指由人或动物在田间、小丘或树丛中经常走动而踩出的小路，也指公园或花园等供人走的小径。
motorway: 高速公路，新词，特指为车辆快速通行而修的专线，美语为freeway或expressway。
way: 普通用词，含义广泛，可指各种路、道或通道，也可指抽象的道路。
road: 指连接两地间供行人或车辆使用的广阔平坦的大道，多指公路，也可用于引申意义。
pavement: 在英国，多指街道两旁的人行道，而美国人常用sidewlk表示人行道。
lane: 指农村或城镇的小道或小径，也指小巷。
n. 人行道
 - sidewalk, footpath

Word: mason
Vocabulary: mason
(once / 2736 pages)
n
If you spent the summer building a beautiful stone wall around your backyard, you may have a future as a mason, someone who builds things out of brick or stone.
Usage experts can’t quite agree on the origins of the word mason. Some believe that it traces back to the German word mahhon, meaning "to make." True or not, it’s a good way to remember the meaning of mason: masons make things out of brick or stone. A mason is a skilled craftsperson who might, for example, carve stone for a memorial or do work on the brick walls of a house.
WORD FAMILY
mason: masonic, masons+/masonic: masonically
USAGE EXAMPLES
They worked around the base, and some were masons.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
He trained as a mason, an architect and a real estate agent.
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
Born in northern Copenhagen in 1928, he trained as a mason, an architect and a real estate agent.
Washington Times(Dec 08, 2016)

Word: sperm
Front: sperm
[spɜ:m] (6966/9038 -2)
Back: n. 精子; 精液; 鲸蜡油
分布：精子(87%)，精液(12%)，表示“精液(1%)
→来自拉丁语 sperma,种子，精液，来自希腊语 sperma,种子，精液，来自 speirein,播种，播撒， 来自 sper,播种，播撒，词源同 spread,spark.后词义种子由 seed 取代。
US [spɝ:m] (plural sperm or sperms)
noun countable
■a reproductive cell produced by a male animal 精子
• In human reproduction, one female egg is usually fertilized by one sperm. 在人类生殖过程中，通常是一个精子使一个卵子受精。
uncountable informal for
■ semen (= the thick, whitish, slightly sticky liquid that is produced by the male sex organs, and which contains sperm) 精液
n. [生物] 精子；精液；鲸蜡油
 - seed, semen

Word: redeem
Front: redeem
[rɪˈdi:m] (托雅宝 9250/8505 -1)
Vocabulary: redeem
(once / 295 pages)
1v 2v
If you redeem yourself, you make up for wrongs by doing something that makes you seem good again, like when after being irritable and snappy with your grandmother, you redeem yourself by bringing her flowers and apologizing.
Redeem comes from the French rédimer, which means "to deliver," and which in turn comes from the Latin for "buy back." In Christianity you can be redeemed by renouncing your sins. Classic heroes fail and then redeem themselves with valiant acts. But redeem doesn't have to be religious or moral. When you turn in a glass bottle for recycling, you redeem it, just as you redeem your coupon for 20% off your next hamburger.
WORD FAMILY
redeem: redeemable, redeemed, redeemer, redeeming, redeems, redemption, redemptive, redemptory+/ deem: deemed, deeming, deems, redeem / irredeemable: irredeemably/redeemable: irredeemable, unredeemable/redeemed: unredeemed/redeemer: redeemers/ redeeming: redeemingly/ redemption: redemptional, redemptions/ redemptive: redemptively/unredeemable: unredeemably/unredeemed: unredeemedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
If redeemed through Singapore, changing that same award ticket would cost you only $20.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But when the national popular vote was certified, the major national pollsters were nearly redeemed.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
You may unwittingly be under a deadline to redeem the card.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 赎回，挽回; 履行; 偿还; 兑现
时态：redeemed, redeeming, redeems
分布：赎回(51%)，弥补(15%)，偿还(13%)，履行(11%)，解救(6%)，兑现(4%)
→来自中古法语 redemer,买回，拿回，来自拉丁语 redimere,买回，拿回，来自 red-,向后，往回， -im,拿到，买取，词源同 example,exempt,emption.引申诸相关词义。
赎回,买回(red=[re回]+eem[=em]→拿回→赎回)[em,empt,ampl=take,procure,表示"拿,获得"]
【记】re重新，deem（v 认为；相信）一赎罪后的人是要重新认可的
【参】redemption（n 赎回）；preempt（v 先占）
verb
IMPROVE 改善
transitive formal
■to make something or someone seem less bad 弥补；补救；抵消
• A poor game was redeemed in the second half by a couple of superb goals from Anthony Edwards. 安东尼．爱德华兹在下半场踢入几个绝佳的进球，使得本来糟糕的比赛场面大为改观。
• [R] He was an hour late, but he redeemed himself in her eyes by giving her a huge bunch of flowers. 他迟到了一个小时，但是送给了她一大束鲜花，这便挽回了他在她心目中的形象。
• She took me to see a really dull film, the only redeeming feature of which (= the only thing which prevented it from being completely bad) was the soundtrack. 她带我去看了场极为乏味的电影，唯一不错的就是配乐。
[rɪ'di:m] verb
GET BACK 拿回
transitive
■to get something back 赎回；买回
• She managed to save enough money to redeem her jewellery from the pawn shop. 她设法存够了钱，把自己的首饰从当铺赎了回来。
[rɪ'di:m] verb
EXCHANGE 兑换
redeem a coupon/voucher, etc.
■to exchange a piece of paper representing a particular sum of money for that amount of money or for goods to this value 将优惠券等兑换成现金（或物品）
[rɪ'di:m] verb
SATISFY 履行
transitive formal
■to carry out a promise or pay back a debt 履行，践（诺）；偿清，付清
• The amount required to redeem the mortgage was £358 587. 偿付抵押贷款一共需要358 587英镑。
[rɪ'di:m] verb
RELIGION 宗教
transitive
■(in Christianity) to free people from sin (OFFENCE) （基督教中）拯救，为…赎罪，救赎
• "Jesus," said the priest, "saved and redeemed mankind by taking our sins upon himself." “主耶稣，”牧师说道，“为我们担当了罪过，从而救赎了人类。”
vt. 赎回；挽回；兑换；履行；补偿；恢复
 - fulfill, turn, restore, pay, repair

Word: systematically
Front: systematically
[ˌsɪstə'mætɪklɪ] (六 7537/6991)
Vocabulary: systematically
(once / 2003 pages)
adv
If you do something systematically, you do it in an orderly, methodical way. Someone who systematically records her dreams is careful to write them in a notebook every single morning.
Use the adverb systematically when you describe something that's carried out in a deliberate way, especially following a plan. You might systematically memorize every word in the dictionary, starting with A and working your way through the alphabet, or watch a toddler systematically pick up one Cheerio at a time from his bowl and throw it on the floor. Systematically and systematic come from a Greek root, systematikos, or "combined in a whole."
WORD FAMILY
systematic: systematically, systematism, unsystematic+/subsystem: subsystems/ system: subsystem, systematic, systematise, systematize, systemise, systemize, systems/systematisation: systematisations/systematise: systematisation, systematised, systematiser, systematises, systematising/systematiser: systematisers/systematism: systematist/systematist: systematists/systematization: systematizations/systematize: systematization, systematized, systematizer, systematizes, systematizing/systematizer: systematizers/systemise: systemiser, systemising/systemize: systemized, systemizer, systemizing/unsystematic: unsystematically
USAGE EXAMPLES
“The accident investigation team worked systematically through an extensive fault tree analysis,” SpaceX said in its statement.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“The Russians systematically fill any open space, and they try to expand it,” said Martin Stropnicky, the Czech defense minister.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
He is negligent of his old friends, rude, even dismissive, but he is not consciously or systematically cruel.
The New Yorker(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adv. 有系统地; 有组织地; 有条不紊地
分布：有系统地(67%)，有条理地(33%)
有系统地(system系统)[-ally表副词,由al+ly构成,"…地"]
ADJ-GRADED
成体系的;系统的;有条理的;按既定计划的
Something that is done in a systematic way is done according to a fixed plan, in a thorough and efficient way.
例：They went about their business in a systematic way...他们按部就班地做生意。
例：They had not found any evidence of a systematic attempt to rig the ballot.他们没有发现任何证据证明有人企图全面操纵投票。
adv. 有系统地；有组织地
 - organically, methodically

Word: acceleration
Front: acceleration
[əkˌseləˈreɪʃn] (四托 8018/7072 -1)
Vocabulary: acceleration
(once / 2821 pages)
n
Acceleration is the act of increasing speed. When you buy a sports car, you want one that has great acceleration, so it can go from zero to 60 miles an hour in no time.
Acceleration comes from the Latin word accelerationem, which means "a hastening." When you hasten, you hurry, so acceleration is a speeding-up. Maybe you are walking to an appointment and realize you will be late. You pick up your pace — that's acceleration. If the rain on a stormy day begins to come down faster, that too is acceleration. As you can see, acceleration isn't just for cars.
WORD FAMILY
acceleration: accelerations+/ accelerate: accelerated, accelerates, accelerating, acceleration, accelerative, accelerator, acceleratory/accelerative: acceleratively/ accelerator: accelerators
USAGE EXAMPLES
The third quarter increase was a sharp acceleration from tepid annual growth of 0.8 percent in the first quarter and 1.4 percent in the second.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
A few months ago, newspapers saw a sudden acceleration of losses in print advertising.
Washington Post(Dec 18, 2016)
It’s clear the minivan revolution didn’t include tire-smoking acceleration, as I learned when I pressed the loaner’s gas pedal to the floor.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 加速; <物>加速度; 加速升级; （优秀学生的）跳级
分布：加速(62%)，加速度(36%)，促进(2%)
加速[celer=quick,speed,表示"快,速"]
noun
 ADVANCED uncountable
■when something goes faster, or its ability to do this 增速，加快；加速性能
• An older car will have poor acceleration. 旧车的加速性能差。
• High winds significantly hampered the plane's acceleration. 强风严重影响了飞机的加速。
[S or U]
■when something happens faster 加速
• The acceleration in the decline of manufacturing industry is being blamed on the high value of sterling. 有人认为英镑强劲是制造业加速衰退的罪魁祸首。
n. [物] 加速，促进； [力] 加速度
 - promotion, impetus, speeding up

Word: bemoan
Front: bemoan
[bɪˈməʊn] (15143/18756 -1)
Vocabulary: bemoan
(once / 3818 pages)
v
Some people love to complain, don't they? Complainers also tend to bemoan things, which can be translated to "Oh no! Why me?"
A more casual expression for bemoan is to moan and groan. If you step in a puddle and get your shoes wet, you might moan and groan about, or bemoan, your bad luck to whoever will listen. Just about any bad or annoying thing can be bemoaned. In fact, people love to bemoan how much other people are moaning and groaning about things!
WORD FAMILY
bemoan: bemoaned, bemoaning, bemoans
USAGE EXAMPLES
He bemoans the dependence of most Americans on processed foods and meals prepared by many stores and restaurants that are laden with unhealthful ingredients.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Accepting the Republican nomination, in July, he bemoaned the number of shootings in Obama’s adopted home town of Chicago.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
And how many Hollywood celebrities publicly bemoaned their own insecurities with such striking self-deprecating imagery?
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 为（某人或某事）抱怨; 悲悼; 为…恸哭; 哀叹
vi. 悲悼，叹息
时态：bemoaned, bemoaning, bemoans
分布：哀叹(54%)，悲叹(27%)，叹息(11%)，为 ... 惋惜(4%)，认为遗憾(4%)
→前缀be-, 强调。moan, 抱怨，呻吟。
【记】be表状态，moan（n 呻吟；vi 抱怨；vt 呻吟）
US [-'moʊn] formal
verb transitive
■to complain about or express sadness 抱怨；悲叹
• Researchers at universities are always bemoaning their lack of funds. 大学里的研究人员总是抱怨资金不足。
vt. 惋惜；为…恸哭
 - regret
vi. 叹息
 - sigh, suspire

Word: besiege
Front: besiege
[bɪˈsi:dʒ] (托宝 14890/13751 -2)
Vocabulary: besiege
(once / 507 pages)
v
To besiege means to attack with an army, or to pester with many requests. When all your teachers ask you to hand in assignments on the same day, you can end up feeling besieged.
The source of the word besiege in its military sense is the Latin word for "seat." When an army settles down in front of a fort or other site of attack, they are besieging it or taking a seat there. Picture them continually bombarding the fortress with arrows and cannon shot, and you've got the picture of the figurative sense of the word, "to pester with requests, etc." If you get a lot of spam in your e-mail, you are besieged with advertisements — and maybe also besieged with worries that you'll get a virus!
WORD FAMILY
besiege: besieged, besieger, besieges, besieging+/besieger: besiegers/besieging: besiegings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The deal broke down multiple times as government-allied militias from Lebanon and Iran demanded similar evacuations from nearby Shiite villages besieged by rebel fighters.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
The crisis in the Syrian city of Aleppo, besieged by Syrian and Russian military forces?
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
More recently they negotiated a ceasefire and an evacuation from east Aleppo, besieged for months by Syrian and allied forces.
Economist(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: vt. 包围，为敌对势力包围; 拥挤在周围，包围住; 如被询问纠缠或强求; 使感到丧气或焦虑
时态：besieged, besieging, besieges
分布：围攻(70%)，包围(30%)
→前缀be-, 强调。siege, 包围，词源同set.
围攻(be+siege包围→包围起来)[be-①构成动词"使…成为"②构成一些介词]
【记】be被动，siege（n 围攻，围城）
verb transitive often passive
■to surround a place, especially with an army, to prevent people or supplies getting in or out 围攻，围困
• The town had been besieged for two months but still resisted the aggressors. 这座城镇虽然已被围困了两个月，但仍然能把侵略者拒之城外。
■When someone is besieged, a lot of people surround them 包围，围住（某人）
• When the pop star tried to leave her hotel she was besieged by waiting journalists and fans. 那名流行歌星试图离开饭店时，被一群在外等候的记者和歌迷围住了。
■to make many requests or complaints about something 困扰，烦扰
• After showing the controversial film, the television company was besieged with phone calls from angry viewers. 电视台播放了一出具争议性的电影后，就不断收到愤怒的观众的电话和来信。
vt. 围困；包围；烦扰
 - eat, invest, case, burden

Word: invader
Front: invader
[ɪnˈveɪdə(r)] (托 9804/11223 -1)
Back: n. 侵略者; 侵入者; 侵犯者; 侵入物
分布：侵略者(100%)
US [-dɚ] noun countable
■an army or country that uses force to enter and take control of another country 入侵者，侵略者
• The foreign invaders were finally defeated by allied forces. 外国侵略者最终被联军击败了。
• figurative Any new company is seen as an invader in an already competitive market. 在竞争已经很激烈的市场中，凡是新公司都被看作是入侵者。
n. 侵略者； [生物] 侵入物
 - aggressor, harrier

Word: cough
Front: cough
[kɒf] (中高研四雅 6157/5757 -K3)
Vocabulary: cough
(once / 444 pages)
nv
A cough is a reflex in which your throat or lungs are cleared by a sudden, sharp burst of air escaping. A bad cough can make it very hard to sleep at night.
A cough is evidence that someone's sick, and it's a verb as well: "She began to cough and couldn't stop until someone brought her a bottle of water." You can also describe a cough-like sound that an engine makes when it's not working properly as a cough. The Old English source of cough is coughen, from a Germanic root — every version of the word is imitative, the word itself sounding like a cough.
WORD FAMILY
cough: coughed, coughing, coughs+/coughing: coughings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some people are so sensitive to this effect that they develop uncontrollable coughing.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The most common symptoms are fever, cough, sore throat, headache, chills and body aches.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
And on Dec. 3 he woke up with a bad cough.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 咳嗽; （引擎等）发噗噗声; 咳出
n. 咳，咳嗽; 咳嗽病; （机关枪等的）连续发射声
时态：coughed, coughing, coughs
分布：咳(56%)，咳嗽(44%)
→拟声词，模仿咳嗽的声音。
v./n.咳嗽"Rough cough is tough enough," Bough said while touching the torch."剧烈咳嗽是够难以对付的,"大树枝在触摸手电筒时说道.
US [kɑ:f] verb intransitive
 ESSENTIAL
■to force air out of your lungs through your throat with a short loud sound 咳，咳嗽
• The smoke made me cough. 烟呛得我直咳嗽。
• I coughed all night long. 我咳了一整夜。
 IMPROVER
■to make a sound like a cough 发出咳嗽般的声音
• The car engine coughed a few times, but wouldn't start. 汽车引擎吭哧吭哧响了几声，但没发动起来。
UK [kɒf] US [kɑ:f] verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] cough sth up
■to make something come out of your throat or lungs when you cough 咳出
• Doctors were worried when she started to cough up blood. 她开始咳血了，医生有些担心了。
UK [kɒf] US [kɑ:f] verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] cough (sth) up slang
■to produce money or information unwillingly 勉强给予（钱或资讯）
• I've just had to cough up £40 for a parking fine. 我只得掏出40英镑交停车罚款。
UK [kɒf] US [kɑ:f] noun countable
 IMPROVER
■when you cough, or the sound this makes 咳嗽；咳嗽声
• a dry cough one which does not produce mucus 干咳
• a hacking (= very bad and loud) cough 剧烈咳嗽
 IMPROVER
■an illness that makes you cough a lot 咳嗽病
• a smoker's cough 吸烟者的咳嗽
• Emily has a very bad/nasty cough (= has been coughing frequently as part of an illness). 艾蜜莉咳得很厉害。
n. [临床] 咳嗽，咳嗽声；咳嗽病
 - tussis, ough
vt. 咳出
 - hawk
vi. [临床] 咳嗽
 - hawk

Word: ounce
Front: ounce
[aʊns] (研四六托 -/8670 -2)
Back: n. 盎司; <口>少量，一点儿; 雪豹
分布：盎司(100%)
→来自古法语once,来自拉丁语uncia,1/12英磅或英尺，来自unus,一，词源同one,unit.
n.盎司,英两How to pronounce the noun "ounce" in the announcement?布告中的名词"盎司"怎样发音?
noun
 ADVANCED countable (written abbreviation oz)
■a unit of weight equal to approximately 28 grams 盎司（重量单位，1盎司约等于28克）
• There are 16 ounces in one pound. 1磅等于16盎司。
• a 12-oz pack of bacon 一包12盎司的培根
only singular informal
■a very small amount 一点点，少量，少许
• She can eat as much as she wants and she never puts on an ounce (= her weight does not increase). 她可以想吃多少就吃多少，体重却一点都没长。
• If he's got an ounce of common sense, he'll realise that this project is bound to fail. 要是他稍稍有点常识，就会意识到这项企划案注定要失败。
n. [金融] 盎司；少量；雪豹
 - bit, tad

Word: kissinger

Word: muscular
Front: muscular
[ˈmʌskjələ(r)] (研六托雅宝 6864/7814 -2)
Vocabulary: muscular
(once / 704 pages)
adj
If you're strong and athletic, with powerfully developed muscles, you can describe yourself as muscular.
Weight lifters are muscular, and so is the Incredible Hulk. If your grandmother has worked as a cattle farmer her entire life, she is probably pretty muscular too. Anyone with strong muscles can be described as muscular. In the 1600's, the word simply meant "pertaining to muscles," but by the mid-1700's, muscular specifically referred to well-developed muscles. The root word is the Latin musculus, which, oddly enough, means both "muscle" and "little mouse."
WORD FAMILY
muscular: intramuscular, muscularity, muscularly+/intramuscular: intramuscularly/ muscle: muscled, muscles, muscling, muscular
USAGE EXAMPLES
The business analyst, originally from Sweden, battled through illness, bad weather and muscular pain to surpass Ms Fleming's record.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
Here’s an idea: Update part of the approval process that was patient zero for distorting data on a drug for Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
These works drew comparisons to muscular abstract paintings by Franz Kline, Jack Tworkov and others.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 肌肉的; 壮健的，肌肉发达的，强壮的
分布：肌肉的(56%)，肌肉发达的(44%)
→来自muscle,肌肉。
a.肌肉的;肌肉发达的;强健的The muscular musician found the bud in the mud in the museum.肌肉发达的音乐家在博物馆里的泥巴中发现了嫩芽.
【记】源于：muscle（n 肌肉）
US [-lɚ] adjective
BODY 身体
■related to muscles 肌肉的
• muscular contractions 肌肉收缩
• muscular pain 肌肉疼痛
■having well-developed muscles 肌肉发达的；强壮的
• muscular arms/legs 肌肉发达的手臂／双腿
• He wished he was more muscular. 他希望自己更强壮些。
UK ['mʌs.kjʊ.lər] US [-lɚ] adjective
POWERFUL 力量大的
■powerful 力量大的，影响力大的
• It was a muscular, hard-hitting documentary. 那是一部震撼人心的纪录片。
adj. 肌肉的；肌肉发达的；强健的
 - robust, intramuscular

Word: quantify
Front: quantify
[ˈkwɒntɪfaɪ] (研六 9701/8904 -1)
Vocabulary: quantify
(once / 12236 pages)
v
When you quantify something, you're putting it in numbers. If you're asked to quantify the fingers on your hand, you better say five.
If you like math, this word is for you: quantifying is counting or expressing something in numbers. Oddly enough quantify often comes into play when people are trying to count things that can't really be counted. When a doctor asks you to rate your pain on a scale of 1 to 10, he's asking you to quantify for your pain. Michael Jordan won 6 NBA championships, but you can't quantify what made him great: his drive and determination.
WORD FAMILY
quantify: quantifiable, quantification, quantified, quantifies, quantifying+/quantifiable: quantifiability/quantification: quantifications
USAGE EXAMPLES
But there was no way to quantify that process, other than by weight.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
And some people are tech geeks, absorbed in new ways to record or quantify or manipulate data.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Quantifying the full climate impact of U.S. oil being traded globally is complicated.
Salon(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: vt. 确定…的数量; [逻辑学] 用量词限定
时态：quantified, quantifying, quantifies
分布：量化(96%)，用数量表示(4%)
→来自quantity,数量，-fy,使。
v.确定数量;量度
US ['kwɑ:n.tˌə-] verb transitive
■to measure or judge the size or amount of something 确定…的大小（或数量）
• It's difficult to quantify how many people will be affected by the change. 很难确定将有多少人受到该变化的影响。

Word: unsuccessful
Front: unsuccessful
[ˌʌnsəkˈsesfl] (高 7731/5651 -K2)
Back: adj. 不成功的，失败的; 碌碌无为
分布：不成功的(66%)，失败的(34%)
adjective
 ADVANCED
■not achieving the hoped for results; not successful 不成功的，失败的；落空的
• They made several unsuccessful attempts to reach the men. 他们试过好几次联络那些男子，都落了空。
• His application was unsuccessful. 他的申请失败了。
adj. 不成功的；失败的
 - failed, losing

Word: primitive
Front: primitive
[ˈprɪmətɪv] (高研四六托雅 5798/4019 -2)
Vocabulary: primitive
(once / 260 pages)
1adjn 2adjn
When we talk about "primitive man", we're usually talking about cavemen and other people who existed before the advent of table manners, but if your uncle speaks grunts and chews with his mouth open, you could describe him as primitive too.
Primitive is related to the word prime, and the root of both words is primus, which is Latin for "first." Since the phrase "primitive man" refers to the world's first people, you might think that the word primate has something to do with the similarity between early humans and monkeys, but it doesn't. Monkey, apes, and humans are called primates because they're seen as standing on the first, or highest, rung of the animal-kingdom ladder.
WORD FAMILY
primitive: primitively, primitiveness, primitives, primitivism+/primitivism: primitivisms
USAGE EXAMPLES
To deny the tug of that on all your most primitive instincts is to deny that you are human at all.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Bayonne, a one-man band — not only in the studio but also live — who assembles dizzying pop songs that all segue together on his album, “Primitives.”
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Our body’s stress response is a primitive one that was designed to promote survival—to help us fight or flee from predators.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 原始的; 发展水平低的; 落后的; [生物学]原生的
n. 原始人; 早期的艺术家（作品）; 单纯的人：不世故的人; 自学的艺术家
分布：原始的(79%)，原始人(19%)，简陋的(1%)，文艺复兴前的艺术家(1%)
→来自prime,第一的，最初的，原始的，-itive,形容词后缀。
原始的(prim+itive)[prim=first,chief表示"第一,主要的"]
原始的(prim最初的,原始)[-itive表形容词"…的"]
a.原始的,远古的,早期的;粗糙的,简单的Primitive men lived in caves.原始人住在山洞里.
US [-tˌɪv] adjective
 ADVANCED
■relating to human society at a very early stage of development, with people living in a simple way without machines or a writing system 原始的，早期的，远古的
• Primitive races colonized these islands 2000 years ago. 原始种族2000年前开拓了这些岛屿。
• primitive man 原始人
• The spiny anteater is a mammal, although a very primitive one. 针鼹属于哺乳动物，尽管是非常原始的一种。
 ADVANCED disapproving
■describes living conditions that are basic, unpleasant and uncomfortable 无现代设施的，简陋的
• Early settlers had to cope with very primitive living conditions. 早期殖民者不得不克服非常原始的生存条件。
raw, original, primitive
raw: 原始的
original: 最初的，独特的
primitive: 原始的
initial, original, primitive
initial: a.开始的，最初的，强调处于事物的起始阶段，也可以指位于开头地方的。
 • My initial good opinion of him changed with time.   时间长了我对他最初的好印象改变了。
original: a.最初的，最早的；原版的，原物的。指按顺序是首位的，在此前不再有更为原始的同类的东西；也指原件的，原物的，非仿造的东西。
 • This is the original piano on which the composer created some of his greatest works.   就是在这架钢琴上，这位作曲家创作出了他的一些伟大的作品。
primitive: a.原始的，上古的，早期的，指处于人类生命或事物发展的早期阶段，也可以指自然的或简朴的。
 • Primitive tribes live in the Amazon River basin.   原始部落居住在亚马逊河盆地。
adj. [数] [生物] [地质] 原始的，远古的；简单的，粗糙的
 - original, simple, crude, plain, rough
n. [数] [生物] [地质] 原始人
 - Euroman

Word: basically
Front: basically
[ˈbeɪsɪkli] (四 1691/2647 -K3)
Back: adv. 主要地; 从根本上说; 基本，基本上; 总的说来
分布：基本上(60%)，主要地(40%)
adverb
 ESSENTIAL
■used when referring to the main or most important characteristic or feature of something 基本上
• Basically, (= The most important thing is that) they want a lot more information about the project before they'll put any money into it. 基本上，他们在把钱投入这项企划之前，想要对它有更深入的了解。
• "So what's the difference between these two TVs?" "Well, they're basically the same , but the more expensive one comes with a remote control." “那么，这两台电视机有甚么差别呢？”“嗯，它们基本上是一样的，只不过贵的那台附有遥控器。”
• The car's basically sound (= in good condition) , but the paintwork needs a bit of attention. 这辆车基本上还可以，只是漆面还需要处理一下。
• The village has remained basically unchanged for over 300 years. 这村落300多年来基本上没怎么变。
adv. 主要地，基本上
 - mainly, mostly, largely, primarily, ultimately

Word: boutique
Front: boutique
[bu:ˈti:k] (8236/15069 -1)
Vocabulary: boutique
(once / 4130 pages)
n
A boutique is a small shop, especially one that sells women's clothes and jewelry. If you like to shop, you probably love going to all the little boutiques downtown.
Boutique comes from a French word of the same spelling, which means any small shop. The word has its roots in the Greek word apotheke, meaning "a warehouse." The same root word also gave rise to the English word apothecary. The word boutique often has an air of exclusivity. The boutiques on Fifth Avenue in New York can be so expensive that you might feel like you can't even afford to walk in the door.
WORD FAMILY
boutique: boutiques
USAGE EXAMPLES
Think unique neighborhoods, boutique hotels and other only in experiences.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
It’s a vibrant place with buzzing sidewalk cafes, bars and independent boutiques, including a honey shop managed by a local beekeeper.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
For many independent boutiques, business was apparently booming.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. （女士）时装店，，精品店; 精品店
分布：精品店(90%)，专卖流行衣服的小商店(10%)
→来自apothecary的变体。apo, 离开，收好。thec, 放置，词源同do. 原指仓库或衣服仓库。
noun countable
■a small shop that sells fashionable clothes, shoes, jewellery, etc. 卖流行服饰的小商店，精品店

Word: anarchy
Front: anarchy
[ˈænəki] (宝 11357/11611 -1)
Vocabulary: anarchy
(once / 634 pages)
n
Use the noun anarchy to describe a complete lack of government — or the chaotic state of affairs created by such an absence. A substitute teacher might worry that an unruly classroom will descend into anarchy.
From the Greek for "without a ruler" we get this word for the political philosophy that the best government is no government at all — a movement that enjoyed surprising success worldwide in the early and middle parts of the twentieth century. Today, the word is more commonly used to describe not a political ideal but a state of total disorder, chaos and even violence: "A type of bloody anarchy is beginning to reign." A good synonym would be "lawlessness."
WORD FAMILY
anarchy: anarchical, anarchies, anarchism, anarchist +/ anarchism: anarchisms, anarchistic/ anarchist: anarchists/anarchistic: anarchistically
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Being the recipient of endless attacks creates a strange kind of freedom, a creative anarchy,” she said.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
When Mr. Roxburgh read it, “I was so gobsmacked by the anarchy in the thing,” he said.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
There’s a punk-like anarchy to the Marx Brothers that I really admire and find very funny.
The Guardian(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 混乱; 无秩序; 无政府状态
分布：无政府状态(59%)，混乱(41%)
→前缀an-, 没有，无。词根arch,统治，管理。
无政府状态(an无＋archy)[arch,archy=ruler,rule,chief,表示"统治者,统治,主要的"]
【参】matriarchy（n 女家长制，女族长制）；hierarchy（n 等级制度）
【反】order（n 有序）
US [-ɚ-] noun uncountable
■a situation in which there is no organization and control, especially in society because there is no effective government （尤指政府消亡或垮台而引起的）无政府状态，混乱，无法无天
• What we are witnessing is the country's slow slide into anarchy. 我们现在亲眼目睹着该国慢慢陷入无政府状态。
• The country has been in a state of anarchy since the inconclusive election. 自那次了无结果的大选以来，该国一直处于混乱状态。
• If the pay deal isn't settled amicably there'll be anarchy in the factories. 如果工资问题不能友好地解决，这些工厂将会一片混乱。
n. 无政府状态；混乱；无秩序
 - chaos, disorder, confusion, involvement, mix

Word: conditional
Front: conditional
[kənˈdɪʃənl] (13947/8076 -1)
Vocabulary: conditional
(once / 1274 pages)
adj
Something conditional is dependent on other factors. You might receive a conditional offer of acceptance from a college, depending on your high school graduation and your maintaining passing grades.
For a clue to the meaning of conditional, look at an opposing term: unconditional surrender, which means someone surrenders and doesn't ask for anything in return. In a conditional surrender, someone will give up only if certain things happen. A conditional agreement is dependent on other factors: a company could make a conditional hire, meaning they'll hire you only if you finish your degree and take a blood test. When you see the word conditional, think "It depends."
WORD FAMILY
conditional: conditionality, conditionally, unconditional +/ condition: conditional, conditioned, conditioner, conditioning, conditions, precondition, recondition/ conditioned: conditioneder, unconditioned / conditioner: conditioners/conditioning: conditionings/ precondition: preconditioned, preconditioning, preconditions/recondition: reconditioned, reconditioning, reconditions/ unconditional: unconditionally
USAGE EXAMPLES
Those who want to attend a U.S. university get a letter of acceptance conditional upon completion of the ELS program.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
However, after construction started, the city revoked the conditional use permit under pressure from citizens opposed to the plant.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
No matter that freedom of movement within Europe was conditional on a three-metre-high razor fence between Morocco and the Spanish enclave at Melilla.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 视…而定的; [语]条件的，假定的; [心]有条件的，由一定条件诱发的
n. 条件（从句），条件语
分布：有条件的(100%)
【参】condition（n 条件）
adjective noun specialized
SENTENCE FORM 句子形式
countable
■(relating to) a sentence, often starting with 'if' or 'unless', in which one half expresses something which depends on the other half 条件（句）的；条件句
• a conditional clause 条件从句
• 'If I won a lot of money, I'd go travelling' is an example of a conditional (sentence). If I won a lot of money, I'd go travelling 是条件句的一个例子。
[kən'dɪʃ.ən.əl] adjective noun specialized
VERB FORM 动词形式
only singular
■(a form of a verb) expressing the idea that one thing depends on another thing （动词的）条件式（的）
• In English, the conditional is expressed by 'would'. 英语中，条件式用 would 来表示。
[kən'dɪʃ.ən.əl] adjective
■describes an offer or agreement that depends on something else being done （提议或协定）有前提条件的
• The offer of a place on the nursing course is conditional on/upon my passing all three exams. 能否修读护理课程要看我是否通过了所有三科考试。
Opposite unconditional
adj. [数] 有条件的；假定的
 - supposed, assumed

Word: collusion
Front: collusion
[kəˈlu:ʒn] (托 16440/12382 -1)
Vocabulary: collusion
(once / 5727 pages)
n
If you are making secret agreements with someone, then you are in collusion with them. Every time gas prices jump, consumers suspect the gas station owners of collusion and price fixing.
The noun collusion almost always implies that plans are being made because of some nefarious, most likely illegal, purpose. An art thief could be in collusion with a museum director to steal a famous painting from an art museum. Things get sticky when there is collusion between government and business, between union and management, or between your siblings.
WORD FAMILY
collusion: collusions+/ collude: colluded, colludes, colluding, collusion, collusive/collusive: collusively
USAGE EXAMPLES
The president-elect described the freeze as part of a broader effort to “cleanup the corruption and special interest collusion in Washington, DC.”
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Will this collusion continue if, suddenly, the risks seem high?
Slate(Dec 30, 2016)
The students were abducted and presumably killed by drug gangsters in collusion with police officers.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 共谋，勾结，串通
分布：勾结(65%)，共谋(35%)
→来自collude, 密度。
共谋,勾结(col+lus玩+ion→共同玩弄→共谋)[col-,cor在同辅音词根前,表示"共同"]
同谋;勾结(col+lus+ion)[lud,lus=play,表示"玩,戏剧"]
勾结,串通(collude串通,搞阴谋,col+lud玩...共同玩)[-ion 1.表名词"动作或状态“2.表示"某种物,用品"]
[kə'lu:.ʒən] formal
noun uncountable
■agreement between people to act together secretly or illegally in order to deceive or cheat someone 勾结，共谋，串通（多人为欺骗某人而达成的协议，当中涉及联合的违法或秘密行动）
• It is thought that they worked in collusion with the terrorist network. 人们认为他们与恐怖主义网路有勾结。
n. 勾结； [法] 共谋
 - conspiracy, complicity

Word: hone
Front: hone
[həʊn] (宝 8949/18919 -1)
Vocabulary: hone
(once / 3780 pages)
vn
The verb hone means to sharpen skills. When you practice shooting baskets every day after school, you are honing your skills as a basketball player.
Hone, the verb, literally means to sharpen with a hone, a whetstone used to sharpen cutting tools. Use hone to describe someone working hard, perfecting or sharpening skills, as in "She is honing her skills as an actress by working in community theater." Hone, which rhymes with phone, is from the Old English word, han, meaning "stone, rock."
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
hone / home
To hone is to sharpen a knife or perfect a skill. Home is where you live, where your stuff is, is where the heart is, and all that.
Hone in or hone in on, is an eggcorn for home in on. (An eggcorn is a word accidently used for another word that sounds similar, like saying eggcorn instead of acorn.)
Home in on (with an "m") means to move toward an object or goal, like a missile zooming towards a target. Or as a homing pigeon does, which is where the term comes from. Here are some examples:
Another international e-commerce site that has homed in on the Brazilian market is farfetch.com. (New York Times)
Bedbugs are active at night, leaving their hiding places to home in on body warmth or carbon dioxide to reach their victims. (Monsters and Critics)
Hone is to sharpen something, like a blade or your attention in math class. The only reason people get it confused with home is when hone horns in on home in.
Although you can make something pointy by honing, when you try to hit a target, you home in on it, like going home after a long day.
WORD FAMILY
hone: honed, hones, honing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Former guide David Sandager told the rookies he honed his objective to highlight the building as a showpiece of Minnesota.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
“And to get to 22, I’m still trying to hone in on 11. It’s pretty shocking.”
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
They would be honing in on her mind.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 用磨刀石磨; 磨孔放大
n. 磨刀石
时态：honed, honing, hones
分布：磨练(85%)，细磨刀石(7%)，磨刀(5%)，磨孔机(3%)
→来自中古英语hon,磨刀石，来自ke,使锋利，词源同cone,coin,cuneiform.引申词义磨刀，磨炼。
【记】磨刀hone hone向猪羊
【区】horn（n 喇叭；号角）
【反】blunt（v 使变钝）
US [hoʊn] verb transitive
MAKE SHARP 变锋利
■to sharpen an object 使…变锋利；把…磨尖
• The bone had been honed to a point. 那块骨头已经被磨尖了。
UK [həʊn] US [hoʊn] verb transitive
MAKE PERFECT 变完美
■to make something perfect or completely suitable for its purpose 磨练，磨砺；训练
• His physique was honed to perfection. 他的身材锻炼得很完美。
• Her debating skills were honed in the students' union. 她的辩论技巧是在学生会里磨练出来的。
n. [机] 磨刀石；想念；抱怨
 - complaint, sharpening stone

Word: pore
Front: pore
[pɔ:(r)] (六托雅宝 11559/8140 -1)
Vocabulary: pore
(once / 703 pages)
1n 2v
That trickle of sweat didn't just miraculously appear — it was secreted out of a pore, a really tiny opening on the surface of your skin.
When used as a noun, pore means any tiny hole or opening that allows the passage of liquid. In humans, pores are the little holes that bring us such pleasures as armpit sweat and, when clogged, pimples. But when used as a verb, to pore means to concentrate your attention on or devote hours of focus to something: like poring over the overwhelming choices in the antiperspirant aisle.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
pore / pour
A pore is small opening in a surface that lets stuff through. To pour, on the other hand, means to flow continuously and rapidly.
A pore is a little hole in a surface that lets gases, liquids, and microscopic elements through. The surface might be your skin (think of all those clogged pores suffered through in teen years) or something else, like a filter:
With the sweat starting from every pore he essayed a few more steps, stumbled, and in clumsily catching his balance, his hat fell off. (James Beardsley)
Solid bodies are not absolutely so, all undoubtedly containing pores, or spaces void of matter. (Thomas P. Jones)
As a verb, to pore is used with through or over and means that you are absorbed in the study of something or that you are reading something intensely. For example:
He spent more than 10 hours on the manuscript, poring over the details and asking faculty members for advice. (Nature)
Meanwhile, players pore over Polaroid photographs during breaks or wait as officials measure out first downs using sticks attached to chains. (New York Times)
On the other hand, to pour is to flow, like when you pour yourself a glass of water while it pours down rain.Usually an inanimate object is poured, but people can pour, too:
The donations began pouring in on Thursday, many of them delivered electronically and accompanied by politically tinged comments. (New York Times)
Within seconds, other heavily armed cops are pouring out the car, guns drawn, to surround the now disabled jet. (Time)
So her group and others are pouring energy into training mounted riders to fend off wolves. (New York Times)
After you pore over the difference between these words, pour yourself a glass of lemonade and say, "This one's for U!"
WORD FAMILY
pore: pored, pores, poring, porous +/ porosity: porosities/ porous: nonporous, porosity, porousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
While she and Harriet played, the grandfather, with other reading material banned, sat in a corner rocking chair poring over the children’s books.
New York Times(Jan 12, 2012)
Poring over the books was a little like bellying up to the oyster bar with the two writers.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
They pored over forensic evidence and GPS data as they sought to retrace the steps of the runaway attacker.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 毛孔; 气孔; 细孔
vi. 细看; 钻研; 凝视
时态：pored, poring, pores
分布：毛孔(44%)，小孔(18%)，钻研(16%)，沉思(12%)，熟读(10%)
→来自拉丁语porus,孔隙，来自希腊语poros,孔隙，门孔，通道，来自per,向前，通过，词源同forth,port.引申词义毛孔。pore 凝视，注视
US [pɔ:r] noun countable
■a very small hole in the skin of people or other animals, or a similar hole on the surface of plants or rocks 毛孔；气孔；小孔
• Sweat passes through the pores and cools the body down. 汗水从毛孔中排出以降低体温。
• Pimples form when pores become blocked with dirt. 污物堵塞毛孔就会长粉刺。
UK [pɔ:r] US [pɔ:r] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  pore over sth
■to look at and study something, usually a book or document, carefully 仔细阅读，研读（通常指书或档）
• She spends her evenings poring over textbooks. 她每天晚上都在研读课本。
• He pored over the letter searching for clues about the writer. 他仔细阅读那封信，寻找能确定写信人的蛛丝马迹。
vi. 细想；凝视；熟读
 - consider, stare at
n. [陶瓷] 气孔；小孔
 - stomates, stigmata

Word: porn
Front: porn
[pɔ:n] (10819/17374 -1)
Vocabulary: porn
(once / 5555 pages)
n
Porn is an abbreviation of pornography, a type of movie, magazine, book, or website that features sex or sexual situations with no other redeeming features.
Porn is different than erotica, which may also feature sex but has more artistic merit. And it's different from a mainstream movie with a few sex scenes. Supreme Court Justice Potter Stewart famously said about porn, "I'll know it when I see it." People can also use the word porn to describe anything singular in focus that's meant to stir the senses: food porn, for example, features endless, excessive pictures of amazing looking food.
WORD FAMILY
porn
USAGE EXAMPLES
Regarding the Dec. 30 Metro article “Va. lawmaker declares war on porn”:
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Most intriguing of all is The Deuce, David “The Wire” Simon’s account of the NYC porn industry, starring James Franco.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
The early '90s had seen a boom in online porn, which increasingly featured hairless actors and models.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 色情作品
分布：=pornography/pornographic(100%)
US [pɔ:rn] noun uncountable informal for
■ pornography
• Some of those photos they show in tabloid newspapers are nothing but porn. 他们在小报中刊登的那些照片有些纯粹是色情照片。
UK [pɔ:n] US [pɔ:rn] adjective (also porno) informal for
■ pornographic
• a porn shop 经营淫秽书刊的商店
• porn movies 色情电影
• porno magazines 色情杂志
n. 色情描写，色情文学；黄色书刊，色情照片（等于pornography）
 - erotology, coprology

Word: pedestrian
Front: pedestrian
[pəˈdestriən] (高研六雅宝 7573/5992 -1)
Vocabulary: pedestrian
(once / 1502 pages)
1n 2adj
A pedestrian is someone traveling by foot. If you're walking, you might get angry at the drivers who don't stop so you can cross the street. But if you're driving, you might fight the urge to run over those annoying pedestrians!
Pedestrian comes from the Latin pedester meaning "going on foot" but also "plain." As a noun, it's someone walking around — sidewalks are for pedestrians. As an adjective it means "lacking wit or imagination." If someone calls your new poem pedestrian, they mean it's dull. If you want to impress your friends while also making them feel worthless, mutter "these people are SO pedestrian," at a party, loud enough for everyone to hear.
WORD FAMILY
pedestrian: pedestrianly, pedestrians
USAGE EXAMPLES
In Northwest Washington recently, a Starship robot drew some attention as it scooted around pedestrians and bicyclists on a busy sidewalk.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
The San Ysidro plan also calls for new bicycle lanes and pedestrian improvements to encourage people to stop commuting by car.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Investigators are also looking for another motorist in a hit-and-run that killed another pedestrian around 5 a.m.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 步行者; 行人
adj. 徒步的; 平淡无奇的; 一般的
分布：行人(95%)，徒步的(4%)，缺乏想像的(1%)
→来自拉丁语pedester,步行，步行的，来自pedis,脚，来自ped,脚，词源同foot,biped.
步行的n.步行者(ped+estrian...的人→用脚走路的人)[ped=foot,表示"脚"]
行人(ped脚+estr+ian)[-ian 1.表名词"某种人"2.表形容词"…国家的"]
n.步行者a.徒步的,呆板的,通俗的He was rather a pedestrian student.他原是个相当平常的学生.
【记】ped脚，es，trian火车：用脚走路和坐火车－庸俗的
【反】uncommon（adj 不凡的；难得的）；imaginative（adj 想象虚构的）；marvelous（adj 引起惊异的；非凡的）；inspired（adj 得到灵感的）；rarefied（adj 纯净的；千锤百炼的）
noun countable
■a person who is walking, especially in an area where vehicles go 行人，步行者
• A few pedestrians carrying their evening shopping sheltered from the rain in doorways. 几个行人拿着傍晚买的东西，站在门口躲雨。
• The death rate for pedestrians hit by cars is unacceptably high. 行人遭遇车祸的死亡率高得令人无法接受。
[pə'des.tri.ən] adjective formal disapproving
■not interesting; showing very little imagination 乏味的，单调的；缺乏想像力的
• Her books, with few exceptions, are workmanlike but pedestrian. 除了寥寥几本以外，她的书全都写得精确细腻但缺乏想像力。
• His speech was long and pedestrian. 他的演讲冗长乏味。
adj. 徒步的；缺乏想像力的
 - literal-minded
n. 行人；步行者
 - passerby, walker

Word: mop
Front: mop
[mɒp] (高六 12312/11184 -1)
Vocabulary: mop
(once / 1660 pages)
1nv 2v
A mop is a tool for cleaning a floor. Most mops have a long handle and a sponge or bundle of absorbent strings on one end. If someone says that your hair looks like a mop, that's not a compliment.
When you use a mop, you mop the floor. Mops can be used dry, but more often they're dunked in a soapy bucket of water before they mop the floor. You can also "mop up" a mess or a spill, even if you're using a cloth, a sponge, or a paper towel instead of a mop. The earliest mops were used to clean ships' decks, and the word comes from the Latin mappa, "napkin."
WORD FAMILY
mop: mopped, mopper, mopping, mops+/mopper: moppers/mopping: moppings
USAGE EXAMPLES
There are so few staff that Studdard, the superintendent, helps scrape food from lunch trays and mop the bathroom floors.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“Hopefully, at that point they will be just mopping up.”
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
“This is the room where they used me as a human mop,” he said.
New York Times(Oct 08, 2016)
Back: vt. 用拖把拖; 擦拭
vi. 用拖把拖; 擦拭; 搭拉着脸
n. 拖把; 蓬松的头发; 鬼脸
时态：mopped, mopping, mops
分布：拖把(73%)，用拖把拖(13%)，擦拭(9%)，拖把状物(5%)
→来自拉丁语nappa,抹布，布料，词源同map,napkin,apron.引申词义拖把。
US [mɑ:p] noun countable
■a stick with soft material fixed at one end, especially used for washing floors or dishes 拖把；洗碗刷
• a floor mop 地板拖把
• a dish mop 洗碗刷
UK [mɒp] US [mɑ:p] verb transitive (-pp-)
■to use a mop to wash something 用拖把拖洗
• He mopped the bathroom floor. 他拖了浴室地板。
■to use a cloth to remove sweat from the face 擦去（脸上的）汗水
• He kept pausing to mop his brow. 他不断停下来擦去额头的汗水。
UK [mɒp] US [mɑ:p] verb transitive (-pp-)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] mop sth up
CLEAN
■to use a cloth or a mop to remove liquid from the surface of something （用布或拖把）吸干净；用拖把擦去
• There's milk on the floor over there - could you get a cloth and mop it up? 那边地板上有牛奶——你能拿块布把它擦干净吗？
FINISH [M] informal
■to finish dealing with something 结束，完成
• It took a week to mop up the last of the enemy soldiers (= defeat them). 彻底消灭敌军残部花了一个星期。
scrub, clear, clean, dust, wipe, mop, sweep
这组词都有“使干净”的意思，其区别是：
scrub: 指用硬刷、肥皂或水用力地擦洗某物。
clear: 指清除不要的东西。
clean: 是这些动词中最常用的词，指将某物或某处的污物等清除掉，弄干净。
dust: 指将积落在物体表面的尘土抹去、掸掉或擦去以保干净。
wipe: 多指用布、纸等物把东西擦净，也指擦掉某物。
mop: 侧重指用拖把擦洗地板，有时也指擦干净或擦去。
sweep: 指用扫帚等进行清扫，也用作比喻。
vi. 用拖把擦洗地板；扮鬼脸
 - make faces, pull faces
n. 拖把；蓬松的头发；鬼脸
 - Mops, swabber

Word: intern
Front: intern
[ɪnˈtɜ:n] (四宝 8079/21049 -1)
Vocabulary: intern
(once / 2188 pages)
1nv 2v
Somewhere between being a student and a professional is the life of an intern, an advanced student, especially in medicine, who gets on-the-job experience.
To intern or be an intern is to leave the classroom behind and start doing part of your profession — usually, the job of being a doctor. Sometimes an intern is paid, but not always, and the pay is never great. The experience is considered payment in itself. There have been many medical TV shows that feature interns, probably because the hours are long, the job is difficult, and there are many opportunities for drama in this boot camp for doctors. Medical interns may appreciate another meaning, which means to take away someone's freedom, as in "Why did you intern the prisoners?"
WORD FAMILY
intern: interned, internee, interning, internist, internment, interns, internship +/internee: internees/internist: internists/ internment: internments/ internship: internships
USAGE EXAMPLES
And this year, the lab started a partnership with Bellevue College’s Autism Spectrum Navigators program, and is offering students with autism a chance to intern.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
"I didn't tell my parents, but I started interning with restaurants."
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
Project ECHO’s long-distance training for physicians, their assistants and nurse practitioners mimics the mentoring that interns and residents receive at elite urban hospitals.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. <美>住院实习医生; 拘禁（俘虏等）; 扣留（船只等）; 同“interne”，同“internee”
vt. 拘留，关押
时态：interned, interning, interns
分布：实习生(90%)，扣留(5%)，拘留犯(3%)，作实习生(2%)
→来自in的比较级，-ter,比较级后缀，-n,鼻音后缀。即更里面的，用于动词词义拘留，关押。intern 实习医生，实习学生
【记】inter中间，n（看成监狱和公司）－拘留犯；在公司中作实习生源于：internal（adj 内在的；内部的）－关在内部－拘禁；实习
【参】internship（n 实习医师；实习期）
US [-ˈtɜ˞ːn/
■to put someone in prison for political or military reasons, especially during a war （尤指战时因政治或军事原因）拘禁，扣押，关押
• Many foreigners were interned for the duration of the war. 战争期间许多外国人被拘禁。
noun countable UK [ˈɪn.tɜːn] US [-tɜ˞ːn]
MEDICAL 医疗的 US a houseman
noun countable UK [ˈɪn.tɜːn] US [-tɜ˞ːn]
STUDENT 学生 mainly US someone who is finishing their training for a skilled job especially by getting practical experience of the work involved 实习人员，实习生
• She worked in the White House as an intern. 她在白宫做实习生。
n. 实习生，实习医师
 - trainee, probationer
vt. 拘留，软禁
 - hold, detain

Word: shareholding
Front: shareholding
[ˈʃeəhəʊldɪŋ] (37342/10588)
Back: n. 股权
分布：持有股票(100%)
→share,股份，hold,持有。
n. 股权
 - equity stake, equity interest

Word: resonance
Front: resonance
[ˈrezənəns] (六托 7935/9855 -1)
Vocabulary: resonance
(once / 4232 pages)
1n 2n 3n
If you have a loud, deep voice, then your voice has resonance, and if your words are powerful and meaningful, then your words have resonance, too. Something with resonance has a deep tone or a powerful lasting effect.
Resonance is the quality of being “resonant,” which can mean “strong and deep in tone” or “having a lasting effect.” If your voice has resonance, you might consider a profession that involves public speaking. Perhaps you'll become a politician and deliver speeches that have a lasting effect, or resonance, with your audience. Rooms that intensify sound, like many gymnasiums, can also be said to have resonance.
WORD FAMILY
resonance: resonances+/ resonant: nonresonant, resonance, resonantly
USAGE EXAMPLES
How chilling are the resonances with Nineteen Eighty-Four – and particularly the passages from “The Theory and Practice of Oligarchical Collectivism” read by Winston Smith.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Wallace: The resonances are not lost on me.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
I wanted escape, but I needed moral resonance.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 共鸣; 反响; 共振
分布：共振(87%)，共鸣(11%)，反响(2%)
反响;共鸣(re+son+ance)[son=sound,表示"声音"]
noun
SOUND 声音
uncountable
■the quality of being loud and clear （声音）洪亮的，响亮的，回响的，回声的
countable or uncountable specialized
■when something makes a sound as a result of vibration (= shaking) of another object 共振（某物由于另一个物质的振动／摇动而发出声音）
• magnetic resonance 磁力共振
['rez.ən.ənts] noun
QUALITY 特质
countable or uncountable
■a feeling, thought, memory, etc that a piece of writing or music makes you have, or the quality in a piece of writing, etc which makes this happen 共鸣（一个作品或一首乐曲使你具有的感情、思想、回忆等，或作品或乐曲中使这种情况发生的素质）
• This poem has many resonances for me. 这首诗使我浮想联翩。
n. [力] 共振； [物] 共鸣；反响
 - sympathetic vibration, reflections

Word: spelling
Front: spelling
[ˈspelɪŋ] (高研四六 7907/5779 -K1)
Back: n. 拼写; 拼法
v. 拼写( spell的现在分词); 意味着
分布：拼写(94%)，拼法(6%)
n.拼法,拼写法Your composition is full of spelling mistakes.你的作文里满是拼写错误.
noun
 ESSENTIAL uncountable
■forming words with the correct letters in the correct order, or the ability to do this 拼写；拼写能力
• He's hopeless at spelling. 他的拼写简直糟透了。
• My computer has a program which corrects my spelling. 我的电脑有纠正拼写错误的程式。
• Your essay is full of spelling mistakes/errors. 你的文章里通篇都是拼写错误。
 ESSENTIAL countable
■the way a particular word is spelt 拼法
• This dictionary includes both British and American spellings of words. 本词典兼收单词的英国和美国拼法。
v. 拼写；意味着（spell的ing形式）；迷住
 - beguiling

Word: surf
Front: surf
[sɜ:f] (7750/15008 -1)
Vocabulary: surf
(once / 388 pages)
nv
The surf is what you see when you stand on the beach and look at the ocean — waves rising and breaking on the shore. It’s also what you do when you ride those waves. Surf’s up, dude!
Surf means "crashing waves," but it's also a verb meaning to ride those waves with a surf board. When you surf, you stand upright on a board and ride over breaking waves into the shore. A more figurative meaning of surf is "search casually," as in "channel surf," or click idly between TV stations. The origin of the word is a mystery, though it's thought to have first been used in reference to the Indian coast.
WORD FAMILY
surf: surfed, surfer, surfing, surfs+/surfer: surfers/surfing: surfings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Live music will also be a part of the events leading up to the big midday plunge into the surf.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The waves near his home in eastern Pennsylvania, on big lakes and even in the Atlantic Ocean, were considered too small for traditional surfing.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Spawning surf smelt and sand lance use the shoreline, too.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 海浪; 拍岸碎浪
vi. 冲浪; （互联网上）冲浪
时态：surfed, surfing, surfs
分布：冲浪(79%)，浏览(12%)，激浪(6%)，碎浪(3%)
US [sɝ:f] verb intransitive or transitive
INTERNET 网际网路
 IMPROVER
■to spend time visiting a lot of websites 上网
• Many towns and cities have cybercafes where you can surf the Internet/Net/Web. 很多城镇都有网咖可以上网。
UK [sɜ:f] US [sɝ:f] verb intransitive or transitive
WAVES 波浪
 IMPROVER
■to ride on a wave as it comes towards land, while standing or lying on a special board 冲浪
• They go surfing every weekend. 他们每个周末都去冲浪。
⇒ See also bodysurf;windsurfing
UK [sɜ:f] US [sɝ:f] noun uncountable
■the tops of the waves on the sea when they are near to the coast or hit against rocks 拍岸的浪花，碎浪
• We were almost deafened by the crash/roar of the surf. 拍岸的涛声震耳欲聋。
n. 海浪，拍岸浪
 - ocean wave, sea wave

Word: behest
Front: behest
[bɪˈhest] (17210/18933)
Vocabulary: behest
(once / 3064 pages)
n
Behest is an authoritative command or request. If your boss or principal asks to see you, you go to their office at their behest.
Behest rhymes with "request" and they almost mean the same thing, if you give your request a little authoritative oomph, just a tad bit of "or else." Another difference between these words is that you can't use behest as a verb: You can't behest someone. You act according to their behest. The root word here is the Old English hehaes, means "a vow."
WORD FAMILY
behest: behests
USAGE EXAMPLES
She was found in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, where the customs collector interviewed her at Washington’s behest.
The New Yorker(Dec 28, 2016)
The killings were done at the behest of Charles Manson, leader of a cult-like group living on an old movie ranch near Chatsworth.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The most recent committee convened to study biotechnology was formed this year at the behest of the White House.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. <文>命令，吩咐，请求
分布：命令(92%)，紧急要求(8%)
→前缀be-, 强调。hest, 命令，召唤，词源同cite, 引用， 传讯。
noun formal
at sb's behest/at the behest of sb
■because someone has asked or ordered you to do something 按照（某人）的要求；在（某人）的命令下
• The budget proposal was adopted at the president's behest. 在总统的要求下，这项预算建议获得采纳。
n. 命令；邀请；请求
 - instruction, order, bidding, asking, request

Word: cosmic
Front: cosmic
[ˈkɒzmɪk] (研六托雅宝 5978/10068 -1)
Vocabulary: cosmic
(once / 1786 pages)
adj
If it has to do with the universe, it's cosmic. The planets, for instance, are cosmic bodies.
When you use the word cosmic to describe something big, you often use it with the word, proportions. A big mistake might be an error of cosmic proportions. In the 1960s, when humankind had been exploring space for about 10 years, the word cosmic became commonly used to describe things that might be considered "far out" or groovy. Like wow, man!
WORD FAMILY
cosmic: cosmically, microcosmic +/ microcosmic: microcosmically
USAGE EXAMPLES
In August next year, skywatchers from all over the world are expected to converge on the United States for this spectacular cosmic event.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
He later entered graduate school at the University of California, Berkeley, to study cosmic ray particles and earned his doctorate in 1950.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The discovery brought the question, “Are we alone?” to our cosmic doorstep – and with it the realisation that such planets are not rare.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: adj. 宇宙的; 极广阔的
分布：宇宙的(84%)，无限的(12%)，广大无边的(4%)
→来自cosmos, 宇宙。
宇宙的[cosnt=world,表示"世界,宇宙"]
宇宙的(cosm宇宙+ic)[-ic 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人或学科"3.表名词"某种病"]
a.宇宙的;无比巨大的,无穷尽的The cosmic verse on the reverse of the paper is very welcome in Universe University.纸张背面的宇宙韵文在宇宙大学很受欢迎.
US ['kɑ:z-] adjective
■relating to the universe and the natural processes that happen in it 宇宙的
• cosmic dust/radiation 宇宙尘埃／辐射
■informal
■very great 巨大无比的
• The earthquake was a disaster of cosmic proportions/scale. 这次地震是一场巨大的灾难。
adj. 宇宙的（等于cosmical）
 - universal, mundane

Word: stealth
Front: stealth
[stelθ] (宝 12455/14083 -1)
Vocabulary: stealth
(once / 650 pages)
n
Stealth means sneakiness. When you do something with stealth, you do it so quietly and carefully that no one notices. You might admire the stealth of your cat when she sneaks up on a mouse.
Stealth and steal come from the same root word and used to mean the same thing. Stealth is still a certainly a quality useful in stealing, but the meaning has branched out. It can also be something quietly done in secret. For example, a stealth bomber is an aircraft that's hard to detect by radar. Or if you plan a birthday party by stealth, then the guest of honor will be pleasantly surprised.
WORD FAMILY
stealth: stealths, stealthy +/ stealthy: stealthier, stealthiest, stealthily, stealthiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
No meticulously planned stealth release, with its carefully cultivated air of surprise and concealed impact date, was as surprising as David Bowie or Prince’s death.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
I hit them with the stealth carry,” said Bryant, who said his last pass in a game was also a TD in high school.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Super Hornets “require escort aircraft to compensate for their lack of stealth” and capability to gather, fuse and distribute data from weapons sensors, he said.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 秘密行动; 鬼祟; 隐形，潜入
分布：隐形飞机(42%)，秘密行动(34%)，鬼祟(18%)，隐蔽性(6%)
→steal,偷，-th,名词后缀。引申形容词词义偷偷摸摸的，隐形的。
偷偷摸摸(steal偷)[-th表名词,通常指抽象名词]
noun uncountable
■movement which is quiet and careful in order not to be seen or heard, or secret action 偷偷摸摸；秘密行动；不声张的活动
• These thieves operate with terrifying stealth - they can easily steal from the pockets of unsuspecting travellers. 这些窃贼偷起东西来神不知鬼不觉——他们轻而易举就能从毫无戒备的游客口袋中偷走东西。
• It would seem that some politicians would prefer to use financial stealth rather than legislation to produce change. 看来一些政界人士宁愿利用隐性的经济手段，也不愿透过立法来推行改革。
• The weapons had been acquired by stealth. 这些武器的来历见不得光。
n. 秘密；秘密行动；鬼祟
 - secret, privacy, confidence, mystery

Word: pacifist
Front: pacifist
[ˈpæsɪfɪst] (宝 17281/12891 -1)
Vocabulary: pacifist
(once / 4965 pages)
nadj
A person who opposes the use of war or violence to settle a dispute is called a pacifist. If you are a pacifist, you talk through your differences with others instead of fighting.
A pacifist is a peacemaker — even its Latin origins of pax, or "peace" and facere, "to make" show it. If you are a pacifist, you avoid physical confrontations. The beliefs and actions of peacemakers can also be described as pacifist, as in someone whose pacifist beliefs lead him to take part in nonviolent protests against a war.
WORD FAMILY
pacifist: pacifists+/ pacifism: pacifisms, pacifist, pacifistic/pacifistic: pacifistically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Rather, this is the extraordinary tale of an extraordinary man who refused to budge from his pacifist beliefs, while also desiring to serve his country.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
It began an investigation of the progressive, pacifist archbishop.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
There were also growing calls for the deployment of more police on the streets with military-style weapons — an unusual move in pacifist Germany.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 和平主义者，反战主义者; 绥靖主义者; 持消极态度者
adj. 非战主义的
分布：和平主义者(66%)，反战(13%)，非战主义的(13%)，反对武力(8%)
→来自pacify,平息，安抚，使平和，-ist,人。
noun countable
■someone who believes in pacifism 反战主义者，和平主义者；绥靖主义者
• The pacifist movement is gaining increasing support among young people. 和平主义运动正获得越来越多年轻人的支持。

Word: horde
Front: horde
[hɔ:d] (托 10933/10079 -1)
Vocabulary: horde
(once / 1028 pages)
n
Use the word horde to describe a large crowd: “A horde of people followed Newman as he left the airport in Helsinki.”
The noun horde is not for the sedate — the word typically is used to describe a group that is in motion, maybe even a little unruly, such as a horde of fans pursuing a film star or a horde of ants invading a picnic. If you are describing a calm, orderly gathering, the word group or crowd may be a better choice. You can save horde for the next time you need to describe, for example, your experience at a pre-Christmas sale (“A horde of holiday shoppers rushed toward the last discounted television set”).
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
hoard / horde
To hoard is to squirrel stuff away, like gold bricks or candy wrappers. A horde is a crowd of people, usually, but it can also be a gang of mosquitoes, robots, or rabid zombie kittens.
If you gather all the info you can about hoard, and store it away for later, you'll find it comes from the word for "hidden treasure." When you hoard something, you are collecting lots of material, usually of value, in secret. You store these things in case you need them later. It's a noun and a verb. Hoarding canned goods and batteries before a hurricane is smart. Not throwing out that hoard of old playground equipment in your yard, not so smart. Here's some hoarding from the news:
American firms continue to hoard cash and overall bank deposits soar despite rock-bottom interest rates. (New York Times)
Clippings and advertisements for free samples were hoarded and quickly posted. (Lauren Ann Isaacson)
Every one is given at least one talent for use; not to hide and hoard away. (Louise Vescelius-Sheldon)
A horde, on the other hand, is a busy mob, like the one that chases Frankenstein's monster with torches. Hordes are often roving and mad. Horde is usually derogatory and should be use with care. Here are some hordes from the news:
In China, it means angry hordes parading victims wearing dunce caps through the streets before stringing them up in public squares. (Time)
As darkness fell, women illuminated by wood fires stirred vats of couscous and beef stew for the hordes of visitors. (New York Times)
The only reason people get these words confused is that they sound. Remember, there's an "a" in hoard and "gather." Horde is just a wild bunch of letters holding pitchforks.
WORD FAMILY
horde: hordes
USAGE EXAMPLES
Rowdy bars with beer pong games exist alongside hordes of strollers.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
It is really satisfying to build up a critical mass of protesters and stop a horde of riot cops.
The New Yorker(Dec 21, 2016)
Needless to say, hordes show up to audition.
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 一大群; 游牧部落
分布：群(67%)，游牧部落(26%)，移动群(7%)
→来自土耳其语ordu,军队，营寨。引申词义一大群人。
US [hɔ:rd] noun often disapproving
countable
■a large group of people （人）群
• Hordes of students on bikes made crossing the road difficult. 一群群学生骑着脚踏车鱼贯而行，弄得别人过马路都很困难。
in their hordes informal
■in very great numbers 一大批
• When they heard the concert was free, they came in their hordes. 当听到音乐会是免费的时候，人们大批地涌来。
n. 一大群，群；游牧部落
 - cluster, cloud, gang

Word: perish
Front: perish
[ˈperɪʃ] (研六雅宝 9475/9526 -1)
Vocabulary: perish
(once / 180 pages)
v
Perish means to die, but it suggests a slow, gradual, nonviolent death. Starving to death is perishing. Getting hit by a bus is just plain getting killed.
Perish is the kind of word you can imagine being spoken by a helpless princess in a fairy tale or any other damsel in distress––"If I am not rescued soon by my valiant knight," she might say, "I shall perish if I'm left alone up here in this tower to starve."
WORD FAMILY
perish: perishable, perished, perisher, perishes, perishing+/ imperishable: imperishability, imperishableness, imperishably/ perishable: imperishable, perishability, perishableness, perishables, perishably/perisher: perishers
USAGE EXAMPLES
All 27 other passengers and crew aboard perished.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
The most desperate set off in ramshackle fishing boats for Thailand and Malaysia, many perishing in the Bay of Bengal.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
By the turn of the 19th century, Christmas looked close to perishing.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vi. 死亡，丧生; 毁灭; 腐烂，枯萎; 老化
vt. 使麻木; 使毁坏
时态：perished, perishing, perishes
分布：毁灭(58%)，腐烂(22%)，消失(16%)，使死亡(4%)
→来自古法语periss-,来自拉丁语perire,走完，走尽，来自per-,穿过，完全的，ire,走，行程，词源同exit,itinerary.引申词义死亡，毁灭。-iss,分词格。
v.丧生;凋谢;毁灭,消亡Many soldiers perished in the battle.许多士兵死于战场.
【记】pe破，rish读：瑞士－瑞士是生活的地方，但破瑞士就不一样了，是死人的地方。
【参】perishable（adj 容易腐烂的）；perishing（adj 冻死人的；可憎的）
【反】survive（v 幸存；生还）
verb intransitive
DIE 死亡
■to die, especially in an accident or by being killed, or to be destroyed （尤指因意外或遇害）丧生，死亡；湮灭；毁灭
• Three hundred people perished in the earthquake. 有300人在此次地震中丧生。
• He believes that Europe must create closer ties or it will perish. 他认为整个欧洲必须建立更紧密的联系，否则就会灭亡。
['per.ɪʃ] verb intransitive
DECAY 衰退 UK If material such as rubber or leather perishes, it decays and starts to break into pieces （橡胶、皮革等）脆裂，老化
• Sunlight has caused the rubber to perish. 橡胶因暴露于阳光下而老化。
['per.ɪʃ] verb intransitive
perish the thought humorous or informal
■said to show that you hope that something that has been suggested will never happen 死了这条心吧；甭想了
• Me, get married? Perish the thought! 我，结婚？死了这条心吧！
expire, pass away, perish, die, decease
这组词都有“死”的意思，其区别是：
expire: 委婉用词。从本义“从肺部吐出气来”引申为吐出最后一口气，断气而死。
pass away: 是die的委婉用语。
perish: 书面用词，多指夭折或不幸暴亡。
die: 最普通用词，指某人或某物失去生命而永远不存在。
decease: 正式用词，多指法律上的用语。
vt. 使麻木；毁坏
 - destroy, damage
vi. 死亡；毁灭；腐烂；枯萎
 - die, flag

Word: arrogance
Front: arrogance
[ˈærəgəns] (托宝 8202/8616)
Vocabulary: arrogance
(once / 1281 pages)
n
Arrogance is overbearing pride or haughtiness. If your friends are constantly complaining about your arrogance, you might want to lose the haughty attitude and try to be more humble.
Arrogance comes from the Latin arrogans which means overbearing. If you show arrogance, your pride is overbearing and offensive to others. Arrogance can also be attributed to corporations who fail to take consumer opinion into account and to nations that seem to do whatever they want with no regard for other countries.
WORD FAMILY
arrogance: arrogances+/ arrogant: arrogance, arroganter, arrogantly
USAGE EXAMPLES
In fact, beauty often whips up some unattractive quirks, such as arrogance and over-confidence.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Friday afternoon, I was texting with a friend from California who derided the “arrogance” Sherman showed in his most recent postgame interview.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
“Flint was a casualty of arrogance, disdain and a failure of management.”
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 傲慢，自大，自负; 气焰
分布：傲慢(69%)，自大(31%)
傲慢(ar+rog+ance)[Rog=ask表示"要求,问"]
ADJ-GRADED
傲慢的;自大的;嚣张的
Someone who is arrogant behaves in a proud, unpleasant way towards other people because they believe that they are more important than others.
例：He was so arrogant...他是如此傲慢。
例：That sounds arrogant, doesn't it?那话听起来很嚣张，是不是？
n. 自大；傲慢态度
 - bighead, consequentiality

Word: uninsured
Front: uninsured
[ˌʌnɪnˈʃʊəd] (9783/34662)
Back: adj. 未保险的
分布：未投过保险的(100%)

Word: defiant
Front: defiant
[dɪˈfaɪənt] (托 9623/10005 -2)
Vocabulary: defiant
(once / 275 pages)
adj
Have you ever seen a picture of a protester who is about to be carried off by police but is still shouting or resisting, fighting to the bitter end? That person is defiant.
Someone who is defiant is bold, even in the face of defeat. A defiant person is usually fighting a powerful enemy. People who protest in countries controlled by dictators are defiant. Rosa Parks was defiant when she refused to give up her seat on the bus, even though the law at that time dictated that black people had to stand when whites needed a seat. Small children are defiant too, sometimes over nothing more than a request to share their toys.
WORD FAMILY
defiant: defiance, defiantly +/ defiance: defiances/ defy: defiant, defied, defies, defying
USAGE EXAMPLES
But there is more to her story than defiant ambition.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Clark tried to look defiant, but her lip twitched, and she began to quietly weep.
New York Times(Jan 12, 2012)
Yet Senator de Lima remains defiant, insisting she will be vindicated, and calling now for international intervention to investigate the drug killings.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 挑衅的; 蔑视的; 大胆的; 目中无人的
分布：挑衅的(65%)，目中无人(35%)
adjective
■proudly refusing to obey authority 对抗的，违抗的；挑衅的
• a defiant attitude/gesture 挑衅的态度／姿态
• The protesters blocking the entrance to the offices remained defiant this morning. 堵在办公室入口的抗议者今天早晨态度依然强硬。
■not willing to accept criticism or disapproval 不接受批评的；不接受不同意见的
• The Prime Minister was in defiant mood in the House of Commons. 首相在下议院听不进不同的意见。
adj. 挑衅的；目中无人的，蔑视的；挑战的
 - challenging, in-your-face

Word: disaffected
Front: disaffected
[ˌdɪsəˈfektɪd] (16982/18610 -1)
Vocabulary: disaffected
(once / 3766 pages)
adj
The adjective disaffected describes someone who is dissatisfied or rebellious. Usually if you're disaffected, you're upset with people in authority. You and your fellow disaffected workers might become so upset about the lack of raises that you decided to boycott work.
You might have heard the term "disaffected youth," which refers to young people rebelling against some aspect of society. For example, disaffected youth might fight against their lack of political freedom. Disaffected can also be used to describe things rather than people, like the disaffected lyrics in a song or the disaffected mood of a poem describing an unhappy or bitter state of mind. The word disaffected comes from disaffect, meaning "estranged, hostile."
WORD FAMILY
disaffect: disaffected, disaffecting, disaffection, disaffects+/ affect: affectation, affected, affecting, affectional, affective, affects, disaffect/ affectation: affectations/ affected: affectedest, affectedly, affectedness, ill-affected, unaffected / affecting: affectingly, unaffecting/affectional: affectionally/ affective: affectively/disaffection: disaffections/ unaffected: unaffectedly, unaffectedness
USAGE EXAMPLES
It would be likely to gather less support from disaffected Labour voters and left-wing critics of the EU.
BBC(Jun 27, 2016)
But a successful movement must drive a sharp wedge between Trump and many of the disaffected Americans he drew to his campaign.
The Guardian(Dec 16, 2016)
“Decline” is one of a handful of movies on this year’s registry that touch on the themes of teen angst and/or disaffected youth.
Washington Post(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 不满的; 愤愤不平的
v. 使不满(disaffect的过去分词)
分布：不满的(80%)，不忠的(15%)，动词disaffect的过去式和过去分词形式.(5%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。affect, 感情，情感。即不好的感情，不满的。
不满的;背离的(disaffect+ed)[fac,fact,fect,fic,fig=make,do,表示"做,制作"]
【参】disaffection（n 政治不满）
【反】contented（adj 满足的）；beloved（adj 心爱的）
adjective
■no longer supporting or being satisfied with an organization or idea 失望的，不满的
• The party needs to take steps to attract disaffected voters. 该党需要采取措施吸引那些失望的选民。
■describes young people who are no longer satisfied with society's values （青年人）叛逆的，对社会不满的
• The teacher said that he found it difficult to cope with a class of disaffected teenagers. 老师说他觉得与一班叛逆的少年打交道很不容易。
• disaffected youth 叛逆青年
adj. 不满的；有叛意的；愤愤不平的
 - disgruntled, malcontented
v. 使疏远；使不友爱（disaffect的过去分词）
 - estranged

Word: creed
Front: creed
[kri:d] (托 12038/8002 -1)
Vocabulary: creed
(once / 328 pages)
n
Without reading the long document about the group's beliefs — its creed — he knew he didn't fit in, because he just couldn't bow to the 12-foot statue of a rabbit, no matter what it symbolized.
A creed can be a formal doctrine, or system of beliefs, for a church or religious group, or it can be a philosophy, or personal set of beliefs. The origins of the word are in the Latin crēdō, "I believe," once specific to the Christian faith, but by the 17th century it was used for many different faiths. Companies, societies, and disciplines might also adopt a creed — as in a political creed, a national creed, or a management creed — that lays out a particular belief-system or way of doing things.
WORD FAMILY
creed: credal, creedal, creeds
USAGE EXAMPLES
Koretz declined to respond to Creed’s comments, instead scheduling his own news conference outside Caruso’s development site for later Thursday afternoon.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
“Passengers” and “Assassin’s Creed,” two high-profile live-action efforts that debuted this weekend, proved to be no match at the box office for “Rogue One.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 25, 2016)
America the Indivisible spreads opportunity wide and embraces all colors, all creeds within the sunshine of equal regard.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. （尤指宗教）信条，教义; 主义，纲领; 宗派
分布：信念(65%)，宗教信仰(35%)
信条;纲领(creed相信→信条)[creed,cred=believe,trust,表示"相信,信任"]
【记】cred相信
[kri:d] (also credo) formal
noun countable
■a set of beliefs which expresses a particular opinion and influences the way you live 信条；信念；教义
n. 信条，教义
 - belief, teaching, doctrine, tenet, credo

Word: incompatible
Front: incompatible
[ˌɪnkəmˈpætəbl] (六托宝 10142/7784 -1)
Vocabulary: incompatible
(once / 1433 pages)
1adj 2adj
Use the adjective incompatible to describe things or people that are too different to get along. When paired with someone you can't work with, don't criticize or get mad. Just say, "We are incompatible."
Put together the prefix in- and the suffix -ible and what do you get? "Not able." The center of incompatible comes from Latin, compati, or "suffer with." So think of incompatible as a way to describe something you simply are not able to suffer — there's too much conflict. Things can be incompatible just like people. Just try hooking up an incompatible piece of hardware to your computer — it won't work because it was designed for a different system.
WORD FAMILY
incompatible: incompatibility, incompatibly+/ compatibility: compatibilities/ compatible: compatibility, compatibly, incompatible / incompatibility: incompatibilities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Okay, so here’s my question: When did civility become incompatible with protest?
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
These are incompatible with perpetual occupation of the West Bank and the denial of basic rights to those who live there.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Career and motherhood should not, surely, be incompatible in the 21st Century.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 不相容; 矛盾，不能同时成立的; （与某物）不匹配; [医]配伍禁忌的
分布：不相容的(75%)，矛盾的(20%)，不能并存的(5%)
→in-,不，非，compatible,兼容的。
【记】compatible（adj 谐调的；兼容的）com共同，pati拍地－协调地
US [-'pætˌ.ə-] adjective
■not able to exist or work with another person or thing because of basic differences 不相容的；不相容的；不能和谐相处的
• When we started living together we realized how incompatible we were - our interests were so different. 开始共同生活后，我们发现彼此是多么合不来——我们的兴趣差别太大了。
• Maintaining quality is incompatible with increasing output. 保持品质和增加产量是互相对立的。
• Any new video system that is incompatible with existing ones has little chance of success. 任何与现有系统不相容的新视讯系统都难以成功。
paradoxical, incompatible
paradoxical: 似乎矛盾的，似是而非的
incompatible: 不兼容的，不协调的
adj. [数] 不相容的；矛盾的；不能同时成立的
 - antipathic, contradictory

Word: grenade
Front: grenade
[grəˈneɪd] (宝 7899/10557 -1)
Back: n. <军>手榴弹; 催泪弹，灭火弹
分布：榴弹(55%)，手榴弹(45%)
→来自pomegranate, 石榴。因其内装小铅弹如同石榴籽而得名。
【记】gren＝green军队的颜色，ade表示进攻性
【参】crusade（n 十字军东侵；改革运动）；tirade（n 长篇激烈演说）fusillade（n 枪炮的齐射）
noun countable
■a small bomb thrown by hand or shot from a gun 手榴弹；枪榴弹
• a hand grenade 手榴弹

Word: encode
Front: encode
[ɪnˈkəʊd] (11568/8299 -1)
Vocabulary: encode
(once / 10785 pages)
v
To encode something is to put it into a coded form. During World War II, countries would encode messages so that if they were intercepted, their enemies couldn't understand them.
There are various reasons why information might need to be written in code: spies and secret agents need to encode messages so that only people who know the code can decipher their meanings. Computer languages are also thought of as codes, and when you convert information into one of these languages, you also encode it — although this modern meaning is usually shortened to the verb code.
WORD FAMILY
encode: encoded, encodes, encoding+/ code: coded, coder, codes, codify, coding, decode, encode, microcode/coder: coders/codification: codifications/ codify: codification, codified, codifies, codifying/coding: codings/ decode: decoded, decoder, decodes, decoding/decoder: decoders/decoding: decodings/microcode: microcodes
USAGE EXAMPLES
The test was meant to study how the cameras encode and process a scene.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The genes encode proteins that facilitate virus entry into human cells, and one that mediates cell aggregation, which allows the virus to spread between cells.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
The four genes encode Yamanaka factors, which are essential for embryonic development, but usually cause tumours when expressed long-term in animals.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: vt. （将文字材料）译成密码; 编码，编制成计算机语言
时态：encoded, encoding, encodes
分布：编码(97%)，译码(3%)
→en-, 进入，使。code, 编码。
US [-'koʊd] verb
transitive often passive
■to change something into a system for sending messages secretly, or to represent complicated information in a simple or short way 把…译成电码（或密码）；把…编码
• Many satellite broadcasts are encoded so that they can only be received by people who have paid to see them. 许多卫星传送的节目都是加密的，只有付费的用户才能收看。
• Some music CDs are now encoded with information about the performers and their music. 有些音乐光碟里加入了包含演奏者及其音乐作品资讯的编码。
intransitive or transitive specialized
■to use a word or phrase in a foreign language in the correct way 正确使用（外语中的词或片语）
• Grammatical information helps learners to encode sentences. 文法资讯可以帮助学习者正确造句。
Compare decode
vt. [计] 编码，译码
 - to code, to decode

Word: intolerance
Front: intolerance
[ɪn'tɒlərəns] (10250/12422)
Vocabulary: intolerance
(once / 2581 pages)
n
Intolerance — or an unwillingness to accept the beliefs or behavior of someone different from you — is not a quality you want to have. Intolerance is what leads to hate crimes and discrimination.
The word intolerance comes from a combination of the Latin in- meaning “not” and tolerantem meaning "to bear, endure.” Intolerance is not being able to bear or endure beliefs that are different from your own. You may commonly hear of it used with respect to religious intolerance, which is an unwillingness to accept different religious beliefs.
WORD FAMILY
intolerance: intolerances+/ intolerant: intolerance, intolerantly/ tolerant: intolerant, toleranter, tolerantly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Seven years after that episode, in 2007, Christian chauvinists once again displayed their intolerance for other faiths when the U.S.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
The prince did not mention any politicians by name but specifically focused on what he described as rising intolerance.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
When a nation fails to reckon with its past, it risks the perpetuation of intolerance on one hand, and resentment on the other.
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 不能容忍，不容异议，心胸狭窄; [医]不耐（性）
分布：不宽容(53%)，偏执(38%)，无法忍受(9%)
US [-'tɑ:.lɚ-] noun
uncountable
■when you refuse to accept ideas, beliefs or behaviour that are different from your own 不宽容，偏狭
• racial/religious intolerance 种族／宗教上的不宽容
• One side-effect of the drug is intolerance of (= being unable to bear) bright light. 这种药的一个副作用就是使人对强光有过敏反应。
countable or uncountable
■If you have a food intolerance, you cannot digest a particular food in a normal way and may feel ill if you eat it （对食物的）过敏，不耐受，耐受不良
• (a) food intolerance 食物不耐受
• a wheat/lactose intolerance 小麦／乳糖过敏
• Amy has an intolerance to dairy products. 埃米对乳制品过敏。
n. （尤指对别人的意见）不宽容；偏狭
 - insularity, parochialism

Word: inherent
Front: inherent
[ɪnˈhɪərənt] (研六托雅 4924/4850 -2)
Vocabulary: inherent
(once / 782 pages)
adj
Use the adjective inherent for qualities that are considered permanent or cannot be separated from an essential character.
We use the adjective inherent to describe attributes that are part of the essential nature of something. It's different from you being tall, rather than being a description, it has to be a quality and this quality is unchangeable. So, for example, if you have never been able to eat spinach, you have an inherent dislike of it.
WORD FAMILY
inherent: inherency, inherently +/inhere: inhered, inherence, inherent, inheres, inhering/inherence: inherences/inherency: inherencies
USAGE EXAMPLES
But until your neurology learns to enjoy those endorphins and the other rewards inherent in exercise, you need to jump-start the process.
New York Times(Oct 18, 2016)
Rather, these tensions are inherent in our country.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The impact of fatal crocodile attacks arguably lies as much in their inherent horror as their frequency.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 固有的，内在的; 天生
分布：固有的(70%)，内在的(30%)
→来自inhere,内在，存在。
天赋的,生来的(in里面+her+ent→天生[与身体内]连着→天赋的)[her,hes=stick,表示"粘附"]
a.固有的,内在的,天生的Thereafter, I adhered to the coherence inherent to the theory.此后,我粘对理论固有的连贯性.
【记】源于inherit（vt 继承；遗传），引申为天生的in里面，here附着：附着在内部－固有的
【参】inheritor（n 继承人）
【反】extrinsic（adj 外在的；外来的）
US [-'hɪr.ənt] adjective
■existing as a natural or basic part of something 内在的；固有的，生来就有的
• There are dangers/risks inherent in almost every sport. 几乎每种运动本身都带有危险／风险。
• I have an inherent distrust of lawyers. 我生来对律师就有种不信任感。
inherent, essential
这组词都有“内在的、本质的”的意思，其区别是：
inherent: 指物体本身固有的、不能与该物体分割的某种特性。
essential: 指决定所属事物存在的关键因素。
adj. 内在的；固有的；与生俱来的
 - internal, native, intrinsic, immanent

Word: milestone
Front: milestone
[ˈmaɪlstəʊn] (托宝 9040/11721 -1)
Vocabulary: milestone
(once / 2170 pages)
n
A milestone is a significant event in your life. Often a milestone marks the start of a new chapter. For example, the day you graduated from high school was a milestone in your life.
Milestone literally refers to a roadside marker that lists the distance to a particular location. These days, the word is more often used figuratively to refer to significant events in life, like graduating from college or getting married. It acts sort of like the road sign: it's often a moment when you reflect on where you stand in life. A milestone can also be a nonpersonal event that results in a big change, such as a milestone victory or a company's sales milestone.
WORD FAMILY
milestone: milestones
USAGE EXAMPLES
Secondarily, they reflect a mind-set that perceives oral health as an optional milestone to strive for.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
He finished 24 of 40 with 321 yards, two touchdowns and one interception in a game full of milestones.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
And last spring, Bell reached another milestone, earning his Master of Science degree in education.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 里程碑; 划时代事件
分布：里程碑(100%)
→mile,英里，stone,石头。即每英里设置的界石，引申词义里程碑。
US [-stoʊn] noun countable (UK also milepost)
STONE/POST 碑／地标
■a stone or post at the side of the road on which is printed the distance to various places, especially to the nearest large town 里程碑，里程标
UK ['maɪl.stəʊn] US [-stoʊn] noun countable (UK also milepost)
IMPORTANT EVENT 重大事件
■an important event in the development or history of something or in someone's life 里程碑；重大事件；转捩点
• He felt that moving out from his parents' home was a real milestone in his life. 他感到搬出父母家是他一生中一个真正的转捩点。
n. [交] 里程碑，划时代的事件
 - landmark, milliarium

Word: placement
Front: placement
[ˈpleɪsmənt] (雅 4394/5480 -1)
Back: n. 安置，放置; 实习工作，实习课; 定位，[足]定位球
分布：位置(87%)，安排(9%)，实习工作(3%)，方位(1%)
→来自place,放置，安置。
noun countable or uncountable
■the temporary position or job someone has in an organization 临时职位（或工作）
• I think we can find a placement for you in the accounts department. 我想我们可以在财务部为你安排一个临时职位。
• The trainee teachers do a school placement in the summer term. 实习教师在暑期课程班做临时工作。
n. 布置；定位球；人员配置
 - arrangement, positioning, setting, laying

Word: nutrient
Front: nutrient
[ˈnju:triənt] (六托宝 4849/7424 -2)
Vocabulary: nutrient
(once / 4008 pages)
nadj
A nutrient is anything that nourishes a living being. We humans get our nutrients from what we eat, plants get theirs from the soil. While the best nutrients are natural, we can also get them from vitamins in a bottle.
The words nutrient and nourish both come from the Latin word nūtrīre, "to feed, nurse, support, preserve." Although usually used as a noun, the word nutrient started out in 1650 as an adjective meaning "providing nourishment." It's important to your health to get the proper nutrients, so the food pyramid was developed by nutritionists to show you the balance of foods you need each day.
WORD FAMILY
nutrient: nutrients+/nutrify: nutrient, nutrition / nutrition: nutritional, nutritionist, nutritions, nutritious /nutritional: nutritionally/nutritionist: nutritionists/ nutritious: nutritiously, nutritiousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
That’s because the ecosystem already established in your gut determines how it absorbs and processes nutrients.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Conservation tillage also reduces erosion and loss of nutrients and sediment from farm fields.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Waterways carry the nutrients to lakes or coastal areas, where they feed blooms of one-celled plants and animals.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 营养物，营养品，养分，养料; 滋养物
adj. 营养的，滋养的
分布：营养物(60%)，营养的(17%)，营养品(14%)，滋养的(9%)
→来自拉丁语nutrire,滋养，抚养，喂奶，词源同nourish,nurse.引申词义营养物，营养品。
营养品[nutrit,nutri=nourish,表示"营养"]
US ['nu:-] specialized
noun countable
■any substance which plants or animals need in order to live and grow 养分；营养物，滋养物
• It's good soil - full of nutrients. 这土壤肥沃——养分很充足。
• A healthy diet should provide all your essential nutrients. 健康的饮食应该提供所有必需的营养。
n. [生物] 营养物；滋养物
 - nurture
adj. [生物] 营养的；滋养的
 - trophic, alimentary

Word: ferocious
Front: ferocious
[fəˈrəʊʃəs] (托雅宝 11205/11206 -1)
Vocabulary: ferocious
(once / 865 pages)
adj
The adjective ferocious means more than merely angry or active. If you can imagine the wildest, most savage animal ready to rip your arms off and shred the muscles, you would be imagining a ferocious beast.
Although we most often think of the word ferocious as referring to wild animals, it can also be used to describe anything characterized by an extremely high level of energy or even violence. Think of it as the extreme opposite of peaceful. For example, sports fans at a soccer match often present a ferocious appreciation of the game, sometimes to the point of destroying the stands or storming the field to fight with the players!
WORD FAMILY
ferocious: ferociously, ferociousness+/ ferocity: ferocious, ferocities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Nimrud was a capital of the Assyrians, one the ancient world’s earliest and most ferocious empires.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
All three teams play at a ferocious pace, harrying the opposition and countering quickly – rather like Liverpool, their opponents on Saturday evening.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
It wasn’t until I brought my camera near the ground and get close up did the lizard look ferocious.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 残忍的; 极度的; 凶猛; 恶
分布：凶猛的(64%)，残忍的(30%)，极度的(6%)
→来自feral, 野生的，狂野的。
US [-'roʊ-] adjective
■frightening and violent 凶猛的，凶恶的；激烈的；可怕的
• a ferocious dog 凶猛的狗
• a ferocious battle 激烈的战斗
• She's got a ferocious (= very bad) temper. 她的脾气极为暴躁。
• The president came in for some ferocious criticism. 总统遭到了一些猛烈抨击。
adj. 残忍的；惊人的
 - tremendous, cruel, brutal, incredible, spectacular

Word: glove
Front: glove
[glʌv] (中高研四六 3095/4535 -K2)
Vocabulary: glove
(once / 313 pages)
n
A glove is a piece of clothing that you wear on your hand, to protect it or keep it warm. Most people wear a pair of gloves, unless — of course — they are imitating Michael Jackson.
Cold-weather gloves are soft and warm, made from fabrics like wool, polar fleece, or leather. There are also gloves that protect the skin on your hands while you're cleaning, using chemicals, or washing dishes; and gloves that prevent the spreading of germs, worn by food handlers and health care workers. Athletes sometimes wear gloves as well, like boxing gloves or the gloves worn by hockey goalies.
WORD FAMILY
glove: gloveless, gloves
USAGE EXAMPLES
Stafford said after Sunday’s loss to Green Bay that he will continue to wear a glove to protect his hand in the playoffs.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
I would recommend Gore gloves and rain jacket as they are lightweight.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
“Then there’s the problem of equipment and, periodically, lack of supplies like gloves, catheters, and cleaning tissues.”
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 手套; 棒球手套; 拳击手套
vt. 给…戴手套; 用…的手套
分布：手套(99%)，给 ... 戴手套(1%)
→来自德语。来自ge-, 强调，词源同game. *lap, 平的，手掌，可能同flat, plan.
n.手套The beloved novelist put her lovely gloves above the stove.敬爱的小说家把她美丽的手套放在火炉上方.
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a piece of clothing which is worn on the hand and wrist for warmth or protection, with separate parts for each finger （分手指的）手套
• leather/woollen/rubber gloves 皮／羊毛线／橡皮手套
• a pair of gloves 一对手套
[glʌv] verb transitive US
■to put gloves on your hands 给…戴手套
• She gloved her hands to protect them from the chemicals. 她戴上手套防止受化学品的伤害。
■to catch a ball when playing baseball （棒球比赛中用戴手套的手）接（球）
• He gloved the ball, turned and threw in one motion. 他的接球、转身、投掷，动作一气呵成。
glove, mitten
这组词都有“手套”的意思，其区别是：
glove: 指普通分成5指的手套。
mitten: 指拇指分开而其余4指连在一起的手套。
n. 手套
 - mittens

Word: flank
Front: flank
[flæŋk] (六雅 8452/7126 -2)
Vocabulary: flank
(once / 307 pages)
nv
A flank is the side of something, whether of beef or a military formation.
Although flank is specifically used to talk about a cut of meat, or the right or left side of a military formation, we also use it in those same senses for other objects. If you've put on weight, it's probably not just your tummy sticking out a bit more, but the lovehandles on your flanks. If you see someone walking down the street with bodyguards on either side, she's flanked by guards.
WORD FAMILY
flank: flanked, flanker, flanking, flanks+/flanker: flankers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Its scoreboard is flanked by American and Israeli flags.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Carsten Kammlott celebrates in jubilation, astounded at what he’s just done, after impeccably meeting a cross from the right flank.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Mr. Trump was flanked by legendary boxing promoter Don King as he answered several questions from reporters.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 侧面; 侧腹; 侧边; 侧翼
vt. 位于…之侧面; 侧面有; 守侧面; 攻击侧面
vi. 侧面与…相接
adv. 在左右两边
时态：flanked, flanking, flanks
分布：侧面(54%)，侧腹(25%)，守侧面(6%)，腰窝肉(6%)，攻击侧面(6%)，位于…侧面(3%)
→来自kleng, 弯，转，词源同link. 进一步来自klei的鼻音形式，倾斜，词源同lean, incline.
noun countable
BODY 身体
■the area of the body between the ribs and the hips of an animal or a person （动物或人体的）胁腹
[flæŋk] noun countable
SIDE 边
■the side of something 在…侧面
• right/left flank 右／左侧
• A small group of houses clings to the eastern flank of the mountain. 一小簇房子紧依山的东侧而建。
[flæŋk] verb transitive usually passive
■to be at the side of someone or something 在…侧面
• The president was flanked by senior ministers. 部长们簇拥在总统的两侧。
n. 侧面； [军] 侧翼；侧腹
 - side, profile plane

Word: brokerage
Front: brokerage
[ˈbrəʊkərɪdʒ] (8749/23399 -1)
Back: n. 经纪业; 佣金; 手续费; 经纪费
分布：经纪行(100%)
N-COUNT
经纪公司；代理公司
A brokerage or a brokerage firm is a company of brokers.
例：...Japan's four biggest brokerages.日本4家最大的代理公司
N-UNCOUNT
（经纪人收取的）佣金，中介费，提成
A brokerage fee or commission is the money charged by a broker for his or her services.
n. [会计] 佣金； [贸易] 回扣；中间人业务
 - rake-off, sale commission

Word: offshoot
Front: offshoot
[ˈɒfʃu:t] (17418/15029 -1)
Vocabulary: offshoot
(once / 4960 pages)
n
On a plant, an offshoot is a sprout or shoot that branches off. From this botanical meaning, offshoot has come to describe anything that starts or grows from something else.
You can start a whole new plant with a houseplant's offshoot, by putting it in water and waiting for it to grow roots. Another kind of offshoot is a local branch of a library, an offshoot of the central location, or an offshoot of a popular TV show, also called a "spin-off." Interestingly, the earliest definition of offshoot, in the seventeenth century, referred to family trees. It wasn't until 1814 that offshoot was used for actual plants.
WORD FAMILY
offshoot: offshoots
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Assad and the core of his regime hail from the minority Alawite community, a distant offshoot of Shiite Islam.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
The cafe/bar is an offshoot of El Rey on the Lower East Side.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
My Kushner discoveries were an offshoot of my research for a chapter on Harvard donors.
Salon(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 旁系子孙; 支流; 分枝; 衍生物
分布：分枝(39%)，衍生物(38%)，支派(23%)
→off,离开，shoot,枝，嫩枝。比喻用法。
US ['ɑ:f-] noun countable
■something which has developed from something larger which already existed 分支；分支机构
• It's an offshoot of a much larger company based in Sydney. 这是总部设在雪梨的一家规模更大的公司的分支机构。
n. 分支；支流； [化学] 衍生物
 - branch, embranchment

Word: negligible
Front: negligible
[ˈneglɪdʒəbl] (研六托雅 12050/8612 -1)
Vocabulary: negligible
(once / 3510 pages)
adj
When something is meaningless or insignificant because it is so little, it's negligible. The amount of interest you'll get on your savings is negligible, so you might as well spend your money.
If you work really hard on something, but the praise you get for it is negligible, you won't try so hard next time. Besides meaning very small, negligible can mean unimportant or not worth paying attention to. If you get into a fender-bender, you've gotten into a car accident with negligible damage. School concert programs always offer a word of thanks to the principal and other members of the administration whose role in the concert seems to be negligible.
WORD FAMILY
negligible: negligibly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The link between what bosses are paid and a company's financial performance is "negligible", new research finds.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
There are few alternatives to U.S. government bonds, with their negligible risk of default and positive yields.
Reuters(Dec 15, 2016)
The occasional evidence of industry in the valleys and apartment blocks crowding the suburbs are but negligible distractions.
Washington Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: adj. 可以忽略的; 微不足道的; 无足轻重的; 不足轻重
分布：微不足道的(59%)，可以忽略的(41%)
→来自neglect,忽视。引申词义可忽略的，微不足道的。
a.可忽略不计的,微不足道的In the selection the lecturer neglected the negligible negative reflection on the election.在选集中演讲者忽视了对选举的微不足道的消极反思.
adjective
■too slight or small in amount to be of importance 微不足道的，可忽略的，不重要的
• The difference between the two products is negligible. 两种产品之间的差异微乎其微。
• My knowledge of German is negligible. 我对德语只是略知一二。
minor, negligible, minimal, marginal
这组词都有“不重要的，次要的”的意思，其区别是：
minor: 多指与别的比较后显得不重要，或指较少、较小。
negligible: 指数量小，不重要，微不足道或可忽略不计。
minimal: 指最少、最低或最小。
marginal: 指处于边缘，幅度、范围小，故价值或重要性不大。
assessable, incredible, negligible, identifiable
assessable: 可估价的，可征收的
incredible: 难以置信的，惊人的
negligible: 可以忽略的，不予重视的
identifiable: 可以确定的
adj. 微不足道的， [数] 可以忽略的
 - bit, inappreciable

Word: promoter
Front: promoter
[prəˈməʊtə(r)] (托 8429/4893 -2)
Vocabulary: promoter
(once / 1435 pages)
n
If you’ve been trying to get anyone and everyone to go see your friend’s band perform, then you could call yourself a promoter of that band. A promoter is a supporter, advocate, or booster for a person, group, or event.
A promoter is an active supporter of something. A promoter of democracy, for example, is someone who tries to spread democracy throughout the world. Being a promoter is also a profession; one might be hired to make arrangements and generate publicity for some form of public entertainment, like a boxing match or a concert. Perhaps if you tell enough people about your friend's band, the band will hire you as its official promoter.
WORD FAMILY
promoter: promoters+/ promote: promoted, promoter, promotes, promoting, promotion, promotive/ promotion: promotional, promotions/ promotional: promotionally/promotive: promotively
USAGE EXAMPLES
King, the flamboyant boxing promoter who hyped Mike Tyson’s 1980s fights, was also saluted by Trump as “a phenomenal person” despite a conviction for manslaughter.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
His father was a dance promoter in Liverpool.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Promoters wasted little time, organizing a high-profile event at Madison Square Garden only a few months after the ban was lifted.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 助长者; 发起人; 促进者
分布：启动子(54%)，发起人(20%)，促进剂(13%)，促进者(9%)，催化剂(4%)
US [-'moʊ.tˌɚ] noun countable
■someone who tries to encourage something to happen or develop 促进者；提倡者；起促进作用的事物
• a promoter of peace/sexual equality 和平／男女平等的宣导者
■a person who organizes and arranges finance for sports and musical events （体育比赛、演出等的）承办者，出资人
• a boxing/rock concert promoter 拳击比赛／摇滚演唱会的承办者
n. 发起人；促进者；助长者
 - initiator, originator

Word: statutory
Front: statutory
[ˈstætʃətri] (宝 9668/2362 -2)
Vocabulary: statutory
(once / 4805 pages)
adj
If something is statutory, it is related to or set by laws or statutes. Statutory restrictions on air pollution require drivers to have the emissions from their cars checked every few years.
You might wonder what the difference is between statutory and legal. Both are adjectives and both are concerned with the law. If something is legal, it is allowed by the law, whereas if it is statutory, it is regulated by law. In the negative, this is easier to understand. If something is not legal, the law says you can't do it. If something is not statutory, there are no laws regulating it.
WORD FAMILY
statutory: statutorily
USAGE EXAMPLES
Between the various funds and the statutory limitations placed on them, it’s hard to understand.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Another prominent example of this principle is the executive’s power to issue regulations pursuant to statutory authority.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
The Sourovelises were allowed to return to their house only after waiving their rights to statutory or constitutional defenses in a future forfeiture action.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 法定的，法令的; 依照法令的; 可依法处罚的
→来自 statute,法令，法规，-ory,形容词后缀。
US [-tɔ:r-] adjective
■decided or controlled by law 法定的
• statutory obligations 法定义务
adj. [法] 法定的；法令的；可依法惩处的
 - legal, lawful

Word: repatriate
Front: repatriate
[ˌri:ˈpætrieɪt] (雅宝 20545/22942 -2)
Vocabulary: repatriate
(once / 6856 pages)
vn
When a country repatriates people, they are usually refugees who are being sent back to their homeland, often against their wishes.
It is possible for a person to repatriate himself, choosing to return to a country he's left for political or economic reasons, but the verb repatriate is more often used to mean "send refugees home." It might sound like a modern political term, but repatriate has been used since the 1600s. It comes from the Latin word repatriare, "return to one's own country," from the prefix re, "back," and patria, "native land."
WORD FAMILY
repatriate: repatriated, repatriates, repatriating, repatriation +/ repatriation: repatriations
USAGE EXAMPLES
He pointed to Thailand forcibly repatriating ethnic Uighurs to China despite the risk they would face persecution.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
In Angola, $64 million frozen by the Swiss authorities was repatriated and earmarked for mine clearance and agricultural development.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
It was stolen from Poland by Nazi forces during World War Two, but later repatriated and restored to its owners.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 把（某人）遣送回国，遣返; 回国
n. 被遣返回国者
时态：repatriated, repatriating, repatriates
分布：回国(81%)，被遣返回国者(13%)，把 ... 遣返回国(6%)
→re-,向后，往回，-pater,父亲，词源同 father,compatriot.比喻用法。
把…遣返回国(re重新+patri祖国+ate→重进祖国)[patr(i)=father,表示"父亲"]
【记】re反，patri父亲，祖国，ate－反回祖国－遣返
【参】patriot（n 爱国者）
US [-'peɪ.tri-] verb transitive
■to send or bring someone, or sometimes money or other property, back to their own country 将…遣返回国；寄（钱）回国，将（资金等）调回本国
• The government repatriated him because he had no visa. 他没有签证，所以被政府遣送回国。

Word: valve
Front: valve
[vælv] (研六托雅宝 5952/5127 -2)
Back: n. 阀; 真空管; （管乐器的）活栓; （心脏的）瓣膜
vt. 装阀于; 以活门调节
分布：阀门(74%)，瓣膜(16%)，电子管(5%)，真空管(5%)
→来自wel,转，旋转，词源同voluble,involve,用来指阀门。
n.阀;(英)电子管,真空管;(心脏的)瓣膜Something is wrong with the valve.阀门有问题.
【记】val力量，ve：用控制流量的力量的东西－阀门
noun countable
■a device which opens and closes to control the flow of liquids or gases, or a similar structure in the heart and the veins, which controls the flow of blood 阀；活门；（心脏或血管的）瓣膜
• The valve failed to open/close. 阀门打不开／关不上了。
• It was a weak heart valve that caused her death. 是心瓣膜问题导致了她的死亡。
■part of a musical instrument such as a trumpet which changes the sound by controlling the flow of air （喇叭等乐器的）阀键，活塞
n. [机] 阀； [解剖] 瓣膜；真空管；活门
 - depression tube, evacuated tube

Word: waver
Front: waver
[ˈweɪvə(r)] (六托雅宝 9407/11436 -1)
Vocabulary: waver
(once / 500 pages)
1vn 2vn 3n
To waver is to move back and forth, like when you waver, one minute thinking you'll stay home, planning to go meet your friends the next, until you finally make your decision.
Waver comes from the Old English word wæfre, which means “restless.” When the wind blows, it makes the leaves and flowers waver, or move, in that same direction. A person who wavers is much the same — affected by any influence or change. He or she isn't sure what to do or may be too shy to express a preference until time is just about up and a decision must be made.
WORD FAMILY
waver: wavered, waverer, wavering, wavers+/ microwave: microwaved, microwaves, microwaving/ unwavering: unwaveringly/ wave: microwave, waved, wavelet, wavelike, waver, waves, waving, wavy/wavelet: wavelets/waverer: waverers/wavering: unwavering, waveringly, waverings/waving: wavings/wavy: wavier, wavily, waviness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Stocks are wavering between small gains and losses in early trading on Wall Street on the last day of trading for the year.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Stocks are wavering between small gains and losses in early trading on Wall Street on the last day of trading for the year.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Hillary, in lockstep with Bill, lobbied wavering Democrats.
Salon(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: vi. 摇摆; 踌躇; 动摇
n. 动摇; 犹豫; 挥动者
时态：wavered, wavering, wavers
分布：动摇(60%)，踌躇(12%)，摇曳(9%)，犹豫(8%)，挥动者(5%)，颤抖(5%)，烫发器(1%)
→来自wave,水波，波浪，引申词义动摇，摇摆。
摆动(wave波动)[-er 1.表名词"…人"2.表名词"物品,机器"3.表名词"反复做"]
US [-vɚ] verb intransitive
■to lose strength, determination or purpose, especially temporarily （尤指暂时地）动摇
• I'm afraid my concentration began to waver as lunch approached. 恐怕我的注意力在临近午饭时要开始下降了。
• He has never wavered in his support for the leader. 他对那位领袖的支持从未动摇过。
■If you waver between two possibilities, you cannot decide which of them to choose or you keep choosing one way and then the other （在两个选择之间）踌躇，犹豫不决
• "What are you having?" "Er, I'm wavering between the fish soup and the mushroom tart." “你要吃甚么？”“哦，我正在犹豫是喝鱼汤还是吃蘑菇馅饼。”
hesitate, waver
这组词都有“犹豫，踌躇”的意思，其区别是：
hesitate: 普通用词，一般指在决定干什么，选择什么或说什么等行动之前犹豫不决。
waver: 指因优柔寡断而迟迟不见行动，或虽作出决定，伸行动上却犹豫不决，因此含畏缩不前之意。
vi. 摇曳；踌躇；摆动
 - hesitate, crane
n. 动摇；踌躇；挥动者
 - rolling, labefaction

Word: compress
Front: compress
[kəmˈpres] (研四六托雅宝 9510/9573 -1)
Vocabulary: compress
(once / 572 pages)
1v 2n
The noun compress refers to a pad that's held to your body to reduce pain or symptoms of illness. A washcloth dipped in cold water and pressed onto your forehead to help you cool down is a type of compress.
As a verb, compress means to squeeze together with a fair amount of pressure. When you compress a sponge to get all the water out, you press it between your palms or squish it between your fingers. Compress can also mean to make something more compact — as with the sponge, when you compress an object it gets smaller. You could even compress a speech by cutting it down into a shorter but equally effective version.
WORD FAMILY
compress: compressed, compresses, compressible, compressing, compression, compressor, decompress, uncompress+/compressible: compressibility, incompressible/compressing: compressings/ compression: compressions/compressor: compressors/decompress: decompressed, decompresses, decompressing, decompression/decompression: decompressions/incompressible: incompressibility/uncompress: uncompressed
USAGE EXAMPLES
He said doctors told him he compressed his spinal cord.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Other approaches focus on netting drones, either via bigger drones or by guns firing a net and a parachute via compressed gas.
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
The gap between northern and southern European government bond spreads compressed.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: vt. 压紧; 压缩; 精简
n. 止血敷布; 打包机
时态：compressed, compressing, compresses
分布：压缩(99%)，压榨(1%)
→com-, 强调。-press, 压。
压缩(com+press压→一起压→压缩)[com-,con-表示"共同"]
压缩,缩短(com全部+press→全部压到一起)[press=press表示"挤压"]
vt.压紧,压缩;(把思想,文字等)浓缩A cold compress can alleviate your pain.冷敷能帮你减轻疼痛.
【记】com一起，press压－一起压－压缩
【参】depression（n 压抑，萧条）；suppress（v 镇压）
【反】increase in volume（增大体积）
US [ˈkɑːm-/
■a thick soft piece of cloth which is pressed to a part of a person's body to stop bleeding or to reduce pain or swelling （止血、止痛或消肿的）敷布，压布
• a cold/hot compress 冷／热敷布
compress, contract, shrink, condense
这组词都有“收缩，压缩”的意思，其区别是：
compress: 指把乱而不成形的东西压成一定形状。
contract: 主要指以内、外部力量进行紧缩，也可用作引申。
shrink: 侧重指因收缩而达不到原有的长度、体积或容积。
condense: 指将东西压缩得更紧密、紧凑，但不失去原有的内容。
compress, press, squeeze, squash, jam
这组词都有“压、挤”的意思，其区别是：
compress: 指把某些东西压在一起或使占有较小空间。
press: 普通用词，指一个物体在另一个物体上加压力。
squeeze: 多指从两面或多面施加压力来压紧、压碎或压出水来。
squash: 指某物受力被压偏或压碎。也指塞挤。
jam: 专指四面八方都压紧或塞满。
vt. 压缩，压紧；精简
 - impact, pack

Word: paramount
Front: paramount
[ˈpærəmaʊnt] (托雅宝 9287/8681 -1)
Vocabulary: paramount
(once / 1010 pages)
adj
To the President, protecting our nation's security is of paramount importance — it's at the very top of his to-do list.
Paramount goes way beyond "important." It's absolutely critical. Something that is of paramount importance has a great urgency to it. Getting your oil changed is important, but making sure your car's brakes are working before you drive down a steep, icy slope is absolutely paramount.
WORD FAMILY
paramount: paramountcy, paramounter, paramountly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Your healing is paramount; please see that clearly enough to put getting therapy next on your list.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
What is paramount is memory and potential restoration.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
When Fox and Paramount also began auctioning costumes and set pieces around the same time, Reynolds jumped at the opportunity to expand her holdings.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 最高的，至上的; 最重要的，主要的; 卓越的; 有最高权力的
n. 最高，至上; 有最高权力的人; 元首，首长
分布：至高无上的(50%)，极为重要的(36%)，最高统治者(14%)
→来自古法语paramont,超过，超越，来自par,通过，穿过，整个的，amont,上面，山顶，词源同amount,mountain.即到达山顶，引申词义至高无上的，至尊的。首字母大写Paramount为好莱坞电影公司名。
最高的,首要的(para类似+mount→类似高山→最高的)[mount=ascend,表示"登上"]
【记】para旁边，mount爬－从边上爬过你的头顶－地位重要的美国好莱坞的派拉蒙公司就是这个商标
【反】lowliest（最低的）
US ['per-] formal
adjective
■more important than anything else 至上的，首要的
• There are many priorities, but reducing the budget deficit is paramount/is of paramount importance. 很多事情要优先解决，但当务之急是减少预算赤字。
adj. 最重要的，主要的；至高无上的
 - primary, main, major, central, great
n. 最高统治者
 - monarch, imperator

Word: membrane
Front: membrane
[ˈmembreɪn] (托宝 7078/4883 -1)
Vocabulary: membrane
(once / 1087 pages)
n
A membrane is a thin layer of something. For an example of a membrane, you don’t have to look far: your skin is a kind of membrane.
Membranes are thin and flexible, but usually still strong enough to protect what’s inside or underneath them. Biologists often study membranes, such as those that surround your cells and organs. There are also membranes that don’t have anything to do with biology. A high-tech jacket might have a waterproof membrane to keep you dry in the rain.
WORD FAMILY
membrane: membranes, membranous
USAGE EXAMPLES
Inside, a gaggle of mostly white students were finishing up a short biology quiz on cell membranes.
New York Times(Dec 12, 2016)
The membranes between comfort and chaos are much thinner than we think.
New York Times(Dec 11, 2016)
The autophagosomes are sealed by a double membrane that keeps in the junk.
New York Times(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: n. （动物或植物体内的）薄膜; 隔膜; （可起防水、防风等作用的）膜状物
分布：膜状物(100%)
→来自拉丁语membrana,皮肤，membrum,肢体，四肢，器官，部分。引申词义身体内的膜，植物的细胞膜。
【记】membr＝member，brane＝brain（n 大脑）－member的大脑膜
noun countable or uncountable specialized
■a thin piece of skin that covers or connects parts of a person's or animal's body 膜
• The cornea is the transparent membrane that covers the front of the eye. 角膜是覆盖在眼球前部的透明膜。
■a very thin piece of material that covers an opening 薄膜；膜状物
■the outer covering of a cell 细胞膜
• a cell membrane 细胞膜
n. 膜；薄膜；羊皮纸
 - film, panniculus

Word: laud
Front: laud
[lɔ:d] (托宝 13707/20924 -1)
Vocabulary: laud
(once / 881 pages)
v
To laud someone doesn't mean to give them knighthood, but to praise them extravagantly — usually in a very public manner. Being lauded, of course, can have the same tonic effect as having been made a lord.
Fun fact: the word laud is related to the drug laudanum, a potent combo of alcohol and opium first invented in the sixteenth century. Its creator, the alchemist Parcelsus, clearly knowing the effect it had on people, took its name from the Latin word laudere, meaning "to praise." Not surprisingly, it remained one of the world's most lauded drugs until its use became strictly controlled in the early twentieth century.
WORD FAMILY
laud: laudable, laudatory, lauded, lauder, lauding, lauds+/ laudable: laudability, laudableness, laudably/ laudatory: laudatorily/lauder: lauders
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the 1980s, I applied to one of the most lauded universities in America.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
They’re lauded for simple achievements — like clinching a winning record in their 15th game — that would constitute disappointments in places like Boston and Pittsburgh.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
As a solo artist, he developed into a more serious singer and songwriter, lauded by critics for his tremendous vocal range.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vt. 称赞，赞美
n. 称赞，赞美; 赞美诗，颂歌
时态：lauded, lauding, lauds
分布：赞美(85%)，颂歌(15%)
→来自拉丁语laudis,称赞，歌颂，来自leu,唱，拟声词，词源同lied.
【记】laud一般都是loud的。
【反】diatribe（n 恶骂；诽谤）
US [lɑ:d] formal
verb transitive
■to praise 赞美，赞扬，赞颂
• The German leadership lauded the Russian initiative. 德国领导人赞扬了俄罗斯的倡议。
vt. 赞美；称赞
 - praise, celebrate, bless, admire
n. 赞美；称赞；颂歌
 - praise, encomium

Word: kraft
Front: kraft
[krɑ:ft] (-/28667)
Back: n. 牛皮纸
分布：牛皮纸(100%)
n. [纸] 牛皮纸
 - brown paper, vellum

Word: scandinavian

Word: quash
Front: quash
[kwɒʃ] (宝 18281/12539 -1)
Vocabulary: quash
(once / 6641 pages)
1v 2v
Quash means to put down, stop, extinguish, and it’s usually used to talk about ideas, feelings, or political movements. You wouldn’t quash a grape underfoot; you would squash it. But if you were a military dictator, you would quash a revolution.
Quash is an extreme word. It comes from the French word for smash, or shatter. If something is quashed it is completely suppressed, usually by something or someone very powerful or authoritative. If you wrote a poem and asked your favorite teacher to read it, and that teacher tore it to pieces, then your hopes were most likely quashed.
WORD FAMILY
quash: quashed, quashes, quashing
USAGE EXAMPLES
She also decides that “with uncharacteristic reservation and scruples that I quash any details” of their first weekend together.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The state tried to quash the argument outright.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The City Attorney’s Office wants to quash the subpoenas, and a hearing on that is scheduled next month.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: vt. [法]废除，使无效; 捣碎，压碎; 平息，镇压
时态：quashed, quashing, quashes
分布：镇压(50%)，平息(25%)，撤销(25%)
→来自拉丁语quassare,使无效，来自cassare拼写变体，来自kes,砍，切，来自skei,砍，切，词源同caste,segment,scissors.
【记】qu去，ash灰烬：把法律条文烧成灰烬－取消，废除
【反】engender（v 造成）；foment（v 煽动）
US [kwɑ:ʃ] verb transitive
REFUSE 拒绝
■to state officially that something, especially an earlier official decision, is no longer to be accepted 撤销，废止，宣布…无效
• His conviction was quashed in March 1986 after his counsel argued that the police evidence was a tissue of lies. 他的辩护人举证说明了警方的证据是一派谎言，于是在1986年3月撤销了对他的判决。
UK [kwɒʃ] US [kwɑ:ʃ] verb transitive
STOP 使停止
■to forcefully stop something that you do not want to happen 镇压，平息
• The revolt was swiftly quashed by government troops. 叛乱很快就被政府军镇压住了。
• The company moved quickly to quash rumours/speculation that it is losing money. 公司迅速地采取行动，平息了亏损的谣言。
vt. 撤销；镇压；宣布无效；捣碎
 - suppress, rat on

Word: responsive
Front: responsive
[rɪˈspɒnsɪv] (托雅宝 6912/7740 -1)
Vocabulary: responsive
(once / 1280 pages)
1adj 2adj
People who are responsive are alert and aware — they've giving responses. The least responsive people in the world are people in deep comas.
Responsive has several meanings, but they're very similar. If someone just came out of a coma and starting saying anything at all (or even started blinking), you'd be happy at how responsive they are. A person who has enthusiasm is more responsive than someone who is quiet and seems bored. Things other than people can be responsive too: a plant is responsive to sunlight, and the fire department is responsive to a fire. Anything that is alert and quick to react is responsive.
WORD FAMILY
responsive: responsively, responsiveness, unresponsive +/ respond: responded, respondent, responder, responding, responds, responsive / respondent: co-respondent, respondently, respondents/ responder: responders/ unresponsive: unresponsively, unresponsiveness
USAGE EXAMPLES
This year's conference runs from Jan. 17-20 under the banner "Responsive and Responsible Leadership".
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
Of course, detained youth should receive high-quality, trauma-sensitive, individualized care that ensures their detention is as brief as possible and responsive to their needs.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
It was very responsive and steady - almost like a computer game.
BBC(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: adj. 应答的，响应的; 反应灵敏的; 共鸣的; 易反应的
分布：应答的(46%)，回答的(45%)，易感应的(9%)
→来自 respond,回答，答复。比喻用法。
【记】respons反应，ive过分－过分有反应的－敏感的
【参】respondent（n 回答者；被告）；plaintiff（n 原告）
【反】refractory（adj 顽固的）；dispassionate（adj 冷静的）
US [-'spɑ:nt-] adjective
■making a positive and quick reaction to something or someone 反应积极的；反应敏捷的
• a responsive engine 反应灵敏的引擎
• a responsive audience 反应热烈的观众
• She wasn't responsive to questioning. 她对提问应答很勉强。
• The disease has proved responsive to the new treatment. 事实证明，新疗法对这种病很有效。
Opposite unresponsive
adj. 响应的；应答的；回答的
 - answering

Word: schrank

Word: autobiography
Front: autobiography
[ˌɔ:təbaɪˈɒgrəfi] (四托宝 7011/8624 -2)
Vocabulary: autobiography
(once / 966 pages)
n
You are writing an autobiography when you write your own life story. A writer who writes an autobiography is like a painter who paints a self-portrait.
If you intend to write your autobiography one day, it might be a good idea to start recording notes about your life in a diary. The author Gertrude Stein was being clever when she poked fun at the very idea of autobiography when she wrote her own memoirs but titled them The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas, instead of The Autobiography of Gertrude Stein.
WORD FAMILY
autobiography: autobiographer, autobiographical, autobiographies+/autobiographer: autobiographers/autobiographical: semiautobiographical
USAGE EXAMPLES
A little insight to the kind of teen I was…I read Debbie Reynolds's autobiography when I was in 7th grade.
Time(Dec 28, 2016)
Husband No. 2, Harry Karl, was a shoe magnate who lost his millions and hers through gambling and bad investments, according to her autobiography.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
“I felt silly,” Chamberlain wrote in his autobiography.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 自传; 自传文学
分布：自传(100%)
→前缀auto-, 自己的。词根bio, 生命。词根graph, 写。
自传[bio,bi=life,表示"生命,生物"]
【记】auto自己，bio生命，graphy写－写自己的一生－自传
US [ˌɑ:.tˌə.baɪ'ɑ:.grə-] noun
countable
■a book about a person's life, written by that person 自传
• The TV series 'An Angel at my Table' was based on the autobiographies of the New Zealand author Janet Frame. 电视连续剧《桌边的天使》是根据纽西兰作家珍妮特•弗雷姆的自传改编的。
Compare biography
uncountable
■the area of literature relating to such books 自传；自传体写作
• His life story is recounted in two fascinating volumes of autobiography. 两部引人入胜的自传描述了他的生平经历。
n. 自传；自传文学
 - memoir

Word: accountancy
Front: accountancy
[əˈkaʊntənsi] (35429/6720 -1)
Back: n. 会计工作，会计职业; 会计学
分布：会计工作(52%)，会计学(48%)
US [-tˌənt-] UK (US accounting)
noun uncountable
■the job of being an accountant 会计工作；会计职业
• He works in accountancy. 他的职业是会计。
• an accountancy firm 会计师事务所
n. [会计] 会计工作；会计学；会计师之职
 - accounting principles

Word: cumulative
Front: cumulative
[ˈkju:mjələtɪv] (六雅 8447/7270 -1)
Vocabulary: cumulative
(once / 2318 pages)
adj
The adjective cumulative describes the total amount of something when it's all added together. Eating a single chocolate doughnut is fine, but the cumulative effect of eating them all day is that you'll probably feel sick.
The origin of cumulative is helpful in remembering the meaning; it comes from the Latin cumulatus for "to heap." If something is cumulative, it is heaped together so it can be counted up to get a total number. The cumulative snowfall for the whole winter isn't just the amount of snow that fell in one month, but rather the number of inches that fell every month that winter to get the total, cumulative, amount.
WORD FAMILY
cumulative: cumulatively+/cumulate: cumulated, cumulates, cumulating, cumulation, cumulative /cumulation: cumulations/cumulous: cumulously/cumulus: cumulate, cumuli, cumulous
USAGE EXAMPLES
There was no increase in 2016, so the cumulative increase - including the January hike - is 27 cents per gallon over four years.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Here are the top 10, all videos, ordered according to cumulative likes, shares and comments.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
But Mr. Netanyahu is also a focus of international ire because of the cumulative effect of decades of settlement growth.
New York Times(Mar 12, 2015)
Back: adj. 累积的; 渐增的; 追加的; （判刑等）加重的
分布：累积的(89%)，渐增的(11%)
→来自cum-,堆积，词源同cumulus.
US [-tˌɪv] adjective
■increasing by one addition after another 累积的；渐增的
• The cumulative effect of using so many chemicals on the land could be disastrous. 使用大量化学物质经年累月会对土地造成灾难性的后果。
adj. 累积的
 - accumulated

Word: bracket
Front: bracket
[ˈbrækɪt] (研雅宝 7618/5578 -1)
Vocabulary: bracket
(once / 1538 pages)
1nv 2nv 3nv
A bracket is a punctuation mark that's used to set a word or phrase aside from the rest of a sentence. Sometimes dates or other numbers in a sentence are enclosed by brackets.
When you quote someone in a piece of formal writing, you can use brackets around an ellipsis, or three dots, to show you've omitted some of the actual quote: "He exclaimed, 'What a surprise to see you here [...] looking so cheerful!'" Another kind of bracket is the L-shaped support that holds a shelf against a wall, often using screws. This is the original meaning of bracket — the punctuation mark was named for the way it resembles the carpentry support.
WORD FAMILY
bracket: bracketed, bracketing, brackets
USAGE EXAMPLES
Your tax bracket doesn’t reveal the amount of taxes paid on your total income.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Brackets that were filled in by draws were a problem as they were often impacted by upsets in district tournaments.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Good Counsel placed third in the Pat Summit bracket with a 64-56 win over National Christian.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 支架，悬臂; 括弧; 类别，等级; [数]同类项
vt. 为…装托架; 把…括在一起; 把…分类; 排除
时态：bracketed, bracketing, brackets
分布：支架(65%)，括号(21%)，支撑(9%)，档次(4%)，放在括号内(1%)
→词源同brace, 括号。
n.架,括弧,托架v.装托架,括入括弧The man tackling the drawback of the brackets runs a slack snack business.那个解决支架缺点的人经营着萧条的小吃生意.
【记】brack＝brace双臂，et小。见上图的托架就是有双臂支撑。
【区】racket（n 球拍）
noun
SYMBOL 符号
 ADVANCED countable usually plural
■either of two symbols put around a word, phrase or sentence in a piece of writing to show that what is between them should be considered as separate from the main part 括号
• Biographical information is included in brackets. 括号里包含了作者的个人资料。
• UK You should include the date of publication in round brackets (also esp. US and ANZ parentheses)after the title. 你应该在题目后面的圆括号里注明出版日期。
• Grammar patterns in this dictionary are shown in UK square brackets] USbrackets. For example, a countable noun is marked countable. 本词典文法模式在方括号内注明，如可数名词用countable
表示。
['bræk.ɪt] noun
GROUP 组
countable
■a set group with fixed upper and lower limits 等级；段；档次
• They were both surgeons in a high income bracket. 他俩都属于高收入阶层的外科医生。
• Most British university students are in the 18 - 22 age bracket. 大多数英国大学生都属于18至22岁这个年龄层。
• Her pay rise brought her into a new tax bracket. 她薪水的增加使她进入了新的纳税等级。
['bræk.ɪt] noun
SUPPORT 支架
countable
■a piece of metal, wood or plastic, usually L-shaped, that is fastened to a wall and used to support something such as a shelf （通常呈L形、固定在墙上的）托架，支架，小壁架
['bræk.ɪt] verb transitive
USE SYMBOL 使用符号
■to put brackets around words, phrases, numbers, etc. 把…置于括弧中
• I've bracketed the bits of text that could be omitted. 我已把文章可省略的部分用括号括起来了。
['bræk.ɪt] verb transitive
PUT IN GROUP 归类
■If you bracket two or more things or people, you consider them to be similar or connected to each other 将…相提并论；把…归入同一类
• He's often bracketed with the romantic poets of this period although this does not reflect the range of his work. 人们常常把他与这个时期的浪漫诗人相提并论，尽管这并不能反映出他的作品的涉猎范围。
n. 支架；括号；墙上凸出的托架
 - rest, supporting stand
vt. 括在一起；把…归入同一类；排除
 - eliminate, exclude

Word: dope
Front: dope
[dəʊp] (10180/15635 -1)
Back: n. 麻醉剂; 笨蛋; 内幕消息; 兴奋剂
vt. 给…服麻醉剂; 使昏昏沉沉; 给…用兴奋剂; 在…中加入麻醉剂
时态：doped, doping, dopes
分布：涂料(57%)，毒品(26%)，内幕消息(8%)，猜出(6%)，给某人吃或打兴奋剂(3%)
→来自dip, 浸。原义为沙司，汤汁，后用在口语指大麻。
US [doʊp] noun
DRUG 毒品
uncountable informal
■ cannabis , or, more generally, any type of illegal drug 大麻；毒品
• They were arrested for smoking/selling/buying dope. 他们因吸食／贩卖／购买毒品而遭逮捕。
UK [dəʊp] US [doʊp] noun
PERSON 人
countable informal
■a silly person 傻瓜，蠢货
• You shouldn't have told him, you dope! 你本不应该告诉他的，你这个傻瓜！
UK [dəʊp] US [doʊp] verb transitive
■to give a person or an animal drugs in order to make them perform better or worse in a competition 为…提供兴奋剂；使服用兴奋剂
• They were arrested for doping racehorses. 他们因给参赛马匹服用兴奋剂而被捕。
■to give a person or an animal a drug to make them want to sleep 给…提供安眠药；使服用安眠药
• We always have to dope up our cat for long car journeys. 开车长途旅行时我们总是给猫吃安眠药。
n. [涂料] 涂料；笨蛋；麻醉药物
 - simple, turkey, put
vt. [涂料] 上涂料；服药
 - take medicine
vi. 吸毒；吸毒成瘾
 - take drugs, hit the pipe

Word: conduit
Front: conduit
[ˈkɒndjuɪt] (宝 12054/15507 -1)
Vocabulary: conduit
(once / 3751 pages)
n
Instead of complaining about your chores, be grateful for the conduit, or pipe, that brings water to your home. Thanks to it, you don't have to go fetch water from the well whenever your mom wants a cup of coffee.
The noun conduit comes from root words meaning "pipe," and the word retains this definition. For example, a channel between a reservoir and a water treatment plant could be called a conduit. Conduit can also be used in a figurative sense to refer to someone or something that conveys goods, information, or ideas. For instance, a religious leader might be seen as a conduit who brings divine messages to the people.
WORD FAMILY
conduit: conduits
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sunday as he tried to cross Conduit Boulevard in East New York.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The government argues that the 1972 Act is a "conduit" - simply a vehicle by which rights and obligations arrive in UK law.
BBC(Dec 03, 2016)
If high singing remains a conduit for human truth, the future will always belong to those who reach highest.
Washington Post(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. [电]导管; 水道，沟渠
分布：导管(73%)，水管(15%)，沟渠(12%)
【记】con共同，du拼：渡，it它：大家一起渡过它（水沟）
US ['kɑ:n.du:-] noun countable
■a pipe or passage for water or electrical wires to go through （水、电线等的）管道，导管
n. [电] 导管；沟渠；导水管
 - catheter, ductus

Word: gabriel
Front: gabriel
[ˈɡeibriəl] (-/4909)
Back: n. （圣经）加百利（七大天使之一，上帝传送好消息给人类的使者）
分布：名词(100%)

Word: fridge
Front: fridge
[frɪdʒ] (中研四六雅 9318/5453 -K2)
Vocabulary: fridge
(once / 13602 pages)
n
Fridge is short for refrigerator, that giant kitchen appliance that keeps food cold. If you’re too hungry to say five syllables, just say you’re going to see what’s in the fridge.
Although fridge is a little word, a fridge can be anything from a regular-sized refrigerator to one of those little mini-fridges that live in a dorm room or man cave. Fridge sounds like frigid, which means very cold. The colloquial fridge has been around since the mid-1920s, possibly inspired by the well-known refrigerator brand Frigidaire.
WORD FAMILY
fridge: fridges
USAGE EXAMPLES
Smarter Applications is launching a fridge webcam at CES that alerts owners to when food nears its expiry date.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
My room, a suite, is tremendously apportioned, with a living area offering couch, TV, fridge and even iPod- and iPhone-connecting speakers.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The “Fridge” captivated the football world when the 300-pounder rumbled for a Chicago touchdown against the Green Bay Packers on Monday Night Football in 1985.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 电冰箱; 冷冻机
分布：电冰箱(100%)
→缩写自refrigerator.
n.(refrigerator的略语)冰箱Please get me an ice cube out of the fridge.请替我从冰箱里拿块冰块来.
noun countable (also refrigerator) (US old-fashioned ice-box)
 ADVANCED
■a piece of kitchen equipment which uses electricity to preserve food at a cold temperature 冰箱，电冰箱
• Don't forget to put the milk back in the fridge. 别忘了把牛奶放回冰箱里。
n. 电冰箱
 - electric refrigerator

Word: imperative
Front: imperative
[ɪmˈperətɪv] (研六托雅宝 8360/8822 -1)
Vocabulary: imperative
(once / 750 pages)
1adjn 2adjn
When something absolutely has to be done and cannot be put off, use the adjective imperative.
Imperative is from Latin imperare "to command," and its original use was for a verb form expressing a command: "Do it!" is an imperative sentence. It's still used that way, but it's more commonly applied to something so pressing it cannot be put off: "Hiring new workers has become imperative." It has more immediate force than pressing but less than urgent.
WORD FAMILY
imperative: imperatively, imperativeness, imperatives
USAGE EXAMPLES
The imperative of the present moment is to challenge that judgment, to restore a sense of tolerance and a spirit of generosity.
Salon(Dec 25, 2016)
Now, Stone requires the kind of structure imperative for running a large business operating in multiple time zones, he said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Clearly, research and funding are imperative to get a true grasp on how Lyme and other diseases interact with other forms of infection.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 必要的，不可避免的; 命令的，专横的; 势在必行的; [语]祈使的
n. 必要的事; 命令; 规则; [语]祈使语气
分布：命令(51%)，必要的(34%)，义务(7%)，祈使的(5%)，驱使(1%)，紧要的(1%)，紧要的事(1%)
→词源同empire,帝国，帝权。即皇帝的命令，引申词义重要的，迫切的。拼写比较inimical,enemy,invidious,envy.
命令的,强制的(imper+ative)[emper,imper=command,表示"命令,统治"]
n.命令;需要;规则;祈使语气a.强制的;紧急的An immediate operation was imperative.非立刻动手术不可.
【参】imperator（n 绝对统治者；最高统治者）；emperor（n 皇帝）
【反】imperial（adj 皇帝的）－obedient（adj 服从的）
US [-tˌɪv] adjective
URGENT 紧急的
■extremely important or urgent; needing to be done or given attention immediately 极重要的；紧急的；迫切的
• [+ that] The president said it was imperative that the release of all hostages be secured. 总统说当务之急是确保所有人质都获释。
• [+ to infinitive] It's imperative to act now before the problem gets really serious. 必须现在就采取行动，而不是再等到问题变得难以收拾。
UK [ɪm'per.ə.tɪv] US [-tˌɪv] adjective
GRAMMAR 文法 specialized
■used to describe the form of a verb which is usually used for giving orders 祈使语气；祈使语气动词
• In the phrase 'Leave him alone!', the verb 'leave' is in the imperative form. 在句子 Leave him alone! 中，动词 leave 是祈使语气动词／用的是祈使语气。
UK [ɪm'per.ə.tɪv] US [-tˌɪv] noun
GRAMMAR 文法
 ADVANCED only singular specialized
■the form of a verb which is usually used for giving orders 祈使语气；祈使语气动词
• In the phrase 'Leave him alone!', the verb 'leave' is an imperative/is in the imperative. 在句子 Leave him alone! 中，动词 leave 是祈使语气动词／用的是祈使语气。
UK [ɪm'per.ə.tɪv] US [-tˌɪv] noun
URGENT 紧急的
countable
■something which is extremely important or urgent 极重要的；紧急的；迫切的
• Getting the unemployed back to work, said the minister, is a moral imperative. 部长说，让失业者重返工作岗位是一件道义上必须做的事。
adj. 必要的，势在必行的；命令的；紧急的
 - necessary, urgent, essential, emergency, instant
n. 需要；命令；祈使语气；规则
 - necessity, instruction, need, request, order

Word: reservist
Front: reservist
[rɪˈzɜ:vɪst] (13776/26894 -1)
Back: n. 后备役军人; 在乡军人
分布：后备军人(50%)，在乡军人(50%)
→来自 reserve,保留，-ist,人。引申词义预备役军人。
US [-'zɝ:-] noun countable
■a person who is trained as a soldier and is ready to fight in the army if needed 后备役军人；预备役军人
n. 在乡军人；后备军人
 - landwehr

Word: goldwater

Word: gatekeeper
Front: gatekeeper
[ˈgeɪtki:pə(r)] (15035/24068)
Back: n. 看门人
分布：看门人(80%)，门卫(20%)
US [-pɚ] noun countable
■a person whose job is to open and close a gate and to prevent people entering without permission 看门人；管门人
n. 看门人
 - doorman, ostiary

Word: promulgate
Front: promulgate
[ˈprɒmlgeɪt] (托宝 12844/15295 -1)
Vocabulary: promulgate
(once / 1658 pages)
v
To promulgate is to officially put a law into effect. Your state may announce a plan to promulgate a new traffic law on January 1st.
Laws aren't the only things you can promulgate. The word promulgate comes from the Latin word promulgatus, meaning "make publicly known." Someone can promulgate values, belief systems, and philosophies — it just means they're promoted or made public. For example, you might write an article to promulgate the benefits of eating only organic foods.
WORD FAMILY
promulgate: promulgated, promulgates, promulgating, promulgation, promulgator+/ promulgation: promulgations/promulgator: promulgators
USAGE EXAMPLES
The man, Edgar M. Welch, told the authorities he planned to help rescue children after reading articles that promulgated the fake news story.
New York Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Other provisions would prescribe standards and allow the state to promulgate telehealth rules.
Washington Times(Dec 05, 2016)
But the more than 170,000 pages of the Code of Federal Regulations contain tens of thousands of rules promulgated by largely unaccountable agencies.
Washington Post(Nov 16, 2016)
Back: vt. 宣扬（某事物）; 传播; 公布; 颁布（法令、新法律等）
时态：promulgated, promulgating, promulgates
分布：颁布(52%)，发布(32%)，发表(16%)
→来自拉丁语promulgare,公开宣传，宣布，使为公众所知，来自pro-,向前，-mulgere,挤奶，词源同milk,emulsion.比喻用法。或来自provulgare的拼写变体，来自pro-,向前，-vulgare,公开，使为公众所知，词源同vulgar,divulge.
【记】pro前，mulg人民，ate－放在人民前面－颁布pro前，mu木，l，gate门：向前开木门，出来后颁布
【反】keep secret（保密）
US ['prɑ:.məl-] formal
verb transitive
SPREAD 散布
■to spread beliefs or ideas among a lot of people 传播，宣扬（思想或信仰）
UK ['prɒm.əl.geɪt] US ['prɑ:.məl-] formal
verb transitive
ANNOUNCE 宣布
■to announce something publicly, especially a new law 颁布，公布（尤指新法律）
• The new law was finally promulgated in the autumn of last year. 新法律最终于去年秋天颁布。
vt. 公布；传播；发表
 - deliver, post, notify, transmit

Word: skid
Front: skid
[skɪd] (10313/15184 -1)
Vocabulary: skid
(once / 2909 pages)
nv
Whoopsy daisy! Those new fuzzy socks make it easy to skid, or slide unexpectedly, across the wood floor.
Does skid sound Scandinavian? Because that's where etymologists think the word came from. It makes sense, since there's all that ice up there. The Vikings were most likely skidding around way before snow tires and anti-lock brakes came about to stop all the slippery fun. But a skid that gets out of control is never any good — that's why when someone's life slides into the dumps, you can say they "hit the skids."
WORD FAMILY
skid: nonskid, skidded, skidder, skidding, skids+/skidder: skidders
USAGE EXAMPLES
The next great skid to halt: a 12-game losing streak at Heinz Field, where the Browns are 1-15 since it opened.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
North Carolina is trying to end a two-year bowl losing skid.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Free for the first time in 20 years, he was living on Los Angeles Skid Row, a dystopian dead end where drugs are used openly.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 滑向一侧; 滑道; 滚道; 制轮器
vi. （通常指车辆）侧滑; 打滑; 滑行; （住在）贫民区
adj. 防滑的，抗滑的
vt. 刹住，使减速，滚滑
时态：skidded, skidding, skids
分布：打滑(89%)，滑动垫木(11%)
→可能来自古诺斯语 skith,小木棍，木条，词源同 ski.用于指伐木场用木头铺设的滑道，用于 把山上砍伐的树木运下山，引申词义滑轨，滑动垫木等，后用于动词词义侧滑，打滑。
verb intransitive (-dd-)
■(especially of a vehicle) to slide along a surface so that you have no control （尤指车辆）打滑
• Trevor's bus skidded on some ice and hit a tree. 特雷弗驾驶的公车在冰上打滑，撞上了一棵树。
[skɪd] noun countable
■an uncontrollable sliding movement 打滑
• She was riding too fast on a wet road, and the motorbike went into a skid. 她在湿滑的路面上骑得太快，摩托车打滑了。
■one of two long flat pieces under some aircraft such as helicopters , which help the aircraft to land （飞机的）降落滑撬
■a support, often made of wood, for raising heavy objects off the ground or for moving them 垫木，低平台（一种支撑物，常常由木材构成，用于将重物从地面升起或将之移动）
[skɪd] noun countable
on skid row mainly US informal
■poor, without a job or a place to live, and often drinking too much alcohol （失业酒徒）无家可归的
[skɪd] noun countable
on the skids informal
■experiencing difficulties and unlikely to continue successfully 走下坡路的，处境越来越糟的
• Their marriage seems to be on the skids. 他们的婚姻似乎在走下坡。
[skɪd] noun countable
put the skids under sth UK informal
■to cause something such as a plan to fail 导致（计划等）失败
• Local residents have put the skids under plans to build a new shopping centre. 当地居民的反对使得建造新购物中心的计划泡了汤。
skid, glide, slip, slide
这组词都有“滑动”的意思，其区别是：
skid: 着重指不自主地或失去控制地滑动，特指车轮在结冰或潮湿路面上的滑动，常暗含有危险存在的意味。
glide: 指自由、顺畅地流动，也指不费力、无声响地滑动。
slip: 指不自觉地、偶然地滑动。
slide: 通常多指与光滑表面保持接触并且迅速地连续滑动。
n. 打滑； [车辆] 刹车；滑轨， [建] 滑动垫木
 - spoke, lock
vt. 刹住，使减速；滚滑
 - put on the brakes

Word: reciprocity
Front: reciprocity
[ˌresɪˈprɒsəti] (13699/16635)
Vocabulary: reciprocity
(once / 4582 pages)
n
When two or more people or nations have equal exchanges of goods or services, they are enjoying reciprocity, a situation where each enjoys an equal benefit from the relationship.
The background of the word reciprocity can be traced to the Latin reciprocus which means, logically enough, "moving back and forth." This is an appropriate meaning for a word that describes a system that moves goods and favors back and forth between participants, sort of a business version of the Golden Rule or, in a different light, the expression "you scratch my back and I'll scratch yours."
WORD FAMILY
reciprocity: reciprocities+/ reciprocal: nonreciprocal, reciprocality, reciprocally, reciprocals, reciprocity
USAGE EXAMPLES
Liberals are primarily sensitive to two such moral “tastes,” Haidt argues, one concerned with harm versus care, the other with fairness and reciprocity.
Salon(Dec 04, 2016)
A work requirement encourages self-sufficiency and creates reciprocity between the recipient and the taxpayer.
Washington Times(Nov 28, 2016)
Gun control advocates have called the potential reciprocity law “dangerous”.
The Guardian(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: n. 相互性; 相互作用; 互给; 互惠
分布：相互作用(52%)，相互性(30%)，互惠主义(18%)
→来自 reciprocate,回报的，-ity,名词后缀。
US [-'prɑ:.sə.tˌi] formal
noun uncountable
■behaviour in which two people or groups of people give each other help and advantages 互助；互惠；互换
n. 相互作用（复数reciprocities）； [数] 相互性；互惠主义
 - interaction, mutual effect

Word: huddle
Front: huddle
[ˈhʌdl] (研六托雅宝 7190/10058 -1)
Vocabulary: huddle
(once / 742 pages)
nv
In a football game, a huddle is a quick conference before a play. Huddle can also be a dense and disorganized crowd, like a group of people standing under an awning waiting for the rain to pass.
As a verb huddle means to draw people together or to crouch low or curl up. The word comes from the late 16th century, when it meant “to conceal.” That makes sense. When a burglar comes into your home, you might huddle in the closet so he'll leave without harming you. When your mom comes to see if you’re sleeping, you might huddle under your blankets with your flashlight so she won’t know you’re still up reading.
WORD FAMILY
huddle: huddled, huddler, huddles, huddling
USAGE EXAMPLES
The quarterback climbed to his feet and limped back to the huddle.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Tyler Higbee heard the play call in the huddle and sensed opportunity.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The Iraqi commanders in Sada huddled with the Americans for a few minutes on Friday, and after the third air strike piled into their vehicles.
Reuters(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 拥挤; 杂乱一团; 小型私人会议
vi. 挤在一起; （因寒冷或害怕）蜷缩
vt. 使聚集; 使蜷曲起来; 草率地行事
时态：huddled, huddling, huddles
分布：拥挤(46%)，混乱(18%)，草率了事(12%)，杂乱一团(12%)，乱堆(6%)，推挤(6%)
→可能来自skeu,遮蔽，隐藏，词源同hide,hut,-le,表反复。引申词义蜷缩，挤在一起。
n./v.拥挤;聚集v.(因寒冷,害怕而)缩成一团He lay huddled (up) in a corner.他把身体缩成一团躺在角落里.
【区】puddle（n 水坑）
verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to come close together in a group, or to hold your arms and legs close to your body, especially because of cold or fear （尤指因寒冷或恐惧而）挤成一团，聚集在一起，蜷缩，缩成一团
• Everyone huddled round the fire to keep warm. 所有人都挤在炉火旁取暖。
• It was so cold that we huddled together for warmth. 太冷了，我们只好挤在一起取暖。
• Sophie was so frightened by the noise of the fireworks that she huddled (up) in a corner of the room. 苏菲被烟火爆竹的声音吓坏了，在屋角缩成一团。
['hʌd.l] noun countable
SMALL GROUP 一小群
■a small group of people or things that are close together 挤在一起的人（或物）
• A small group of people stood in a huddle at the bus stop. 一小群人在公共汽车站挤成一团。
go into a huddle
■get into a group in order to talk secretly 围成一团（以秘密商讨）
• The judges went into a huddle to decide the winner. 评委们围成一团商量决定谁是获胜者。
['hʌd.l] noun countable
AMERICAN FOOTBALL 美式足球 US a group formed by the members of a team in American football before they separate and continue to play 集合列队（指美式橄榄球队员在继续比赛前聚成一团磋商战术）
vi. 蜷缩；挤作一团
 - gather up, cower
n. 拥挤；混乱；杂乱一团
 - chaos, disorder, confusion, congestion, involvement

Word: gravitational
Front: gravitational
[ˌgrævɪˈteɪʃənl] (托宝 9340/8363)
Back: adj. 万有引力的，重力的; 地心吸力的
分布：重力的(86%)，引力作用的(14%)
【记】gravitation（n 地心吸力；引力作用）；gravitate（v 受重力作用）
ADJ
与引力有关的；引力所致的
Gravitational means relating to or resulting from the force of gravity.
例：If a spacecraft travels faster than 11 km a second, it escapes the earth's gravitational pull.如果飞行速度超过每秒11公里，宇宙飞船将摆脱地球的引力。

Word: injunction
Front: injunction
[ɪnˈdʒʌŋkʃn] (宝 9935/5765 -1)
Vocabulary: injunction
(once / 813 pages)
n
If your school begins building a swimming pool on land that does not belong to it, the city might issue an injunction to stop it. An injunction is an official order issued by a judge.
In general injunctions are court ordered settlements or commands. In the United States, judges cannot create laws, but they can require someone to do something or to stop doing something. If you were wrongly fired from a job, a court may issue an injunction to your former employer, requiring him or her to hire you back or pay your back salary.
WORD FAMILY
injunction: injunctions
USAGE EXAMPLES
A judge recently issued a preliminary injunction temporarily preventing the state from enforcing the law against the clinics that sued, according to the Chicago Tribune.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Thirteen states signed on to fight that directive, including three involved in the latest lawsuit, and won a temporary injunction in August from U.S.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Texas is set to cut off Planned Parenthood as early as 21 January, unless Sparks grants an injunction.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 命令，禁令，强制令
分布：禁令(75%)，命令(19%)，指令(6%)
→in-,进入，使，-junct,连接，插入，词源同join,junction.引申词义嘱咐，命令，后用于指法院禁制令。比较enjoin.
命令,禁止(in不+junction→不让连接→禁止令)[junct,join=join,表示"结合,连接"]
【记】in不，junction（n 连接；汇合处）：没有和法律接轨，所以要实行禁止令。
【参】enjoin（vt 吩咐；命令；嘱咐）
noun countable
■an official order given by a court of law, usually to stop someone from doing something 禁令
• [+ to infinitive] The court has issued an injunction to prevent the airline from increasing its prices. 法院颁布禁令不准航空公司加价。
• [+ -ing verb] She is seeking an injunction banning the newspaper from publishing the photographs. 她正在争取获得禁令，禁止报纸刊登这些照片。
n. [管理] 禁令；命令；劝告
 - instruction, advice, bidding, ban, word

Word: mundane
Front: mundane
[mʌnˈdeɪn] (托雅宝 8820/9659 -1)
Vocabulary: mundane
(once / 3411 pages)
adj
An ordinary, unexciting thing can be called mundane: "Superman hid his heroic feats by posing as his mundane alter ego, Clark Kent."
Mundane, from the Latin word mundus, "world," originally referred to things on earth. Such things were supposed to be uninteresting when compared to the delights of Heaven; hence the word's present meaning. Writing about reality TV shows, a Newsweek writer opined, "In reality bizarro-world, the mundane is presented as the spectacular" — in other words, people's everyday routines are now televised as entertainment.
WORD FAMILY
mundane: mundanely, mundaneness, mundanity+/mundanity: mundanities
USAGE EXAMPLES
But there’s a thin line between delivering a few memorable facts and stories and overloading visitors with mundane details.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Crescendoing from totally mundane music video concepts to actual surreal, semi-frightening 3D experiences, the six-piece series shows the artist’s growing mastery of this burgeoning technology.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
Then there are the more mundane threats that harm sea life, including coral.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 平凡的; 宇宙的; 寻常的; 世俗的
分布：世俗的(43%)，平凡的(42%)，世界的(15%)
→来自拉丁语mundanus,世界的，世俗的，非神性的，来自mundus,宇宙，世界，秩序，整洁。 引申词义单调的，平凡的。该词基本词义为干净的，整洁的，为拉丁学者为翻译希腊语kosmos 赋予的新词义，可能来自meu,清洗，冲洗，词源同emanate,marine,mere.词义演变比较 cosmos,cosmetic.
【记】m，und＝under，ane：下面的世界－世俗的
【反】exotic（adj 异国情调的）；unearthly（adj 非尘世的）；extraordinary＝unusual（adj 非常特别的）；spiritual（adj 精神上的）
adjective
■very ordinary and therefore not interesting 世俗的；单调的；平凡的
• Mundane matters such as paying bills and shopping for food do not interest her. 她对付帐单、购买食物等单调的琐事不感兴趣。
adj. 世俗的，平凡的；世界的，宇宙的
 - ordinary, lay, universal, international, stock

Word: metropolis
Front: metropolis
[məˈtrɒpəlɪs] (托宝 12106/14084 -1)
Vocabulary: metropolis
(once / 393 pages)
n
A large, densely populated urban area is called a metropolis. "She liked living in a metropolis because there were many opportunities in a city that were not available elsewhere, like 24-hour diners."
The noun metropolis comes from the Greek roots mētēr, meaning "mother," and pólis, meaning "city." Historically, the word referred to the founding city-state of a region in Ancient Greece. Today the word refers to any urban area. The largest metropolis in Massachusetts is Boston, which is also the capital. Sometimes people use the word metropolis ironically or sarcastically: "She came from the booming metropolis of Tumbleweed, population 325."
WORD FAMILY
metropolis: metropolises, metropolitan +/ metropolitan: metropolitans
USAGE EXAMPLES
The sense of isolation from the modern metropolises on the faraway coast persists.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Nick Paumgarten wrote about the centrality of the elevator to the modern metropolis in his 2008 story “Up and Then Down.”
The New Yorker(Dec 27, 2016)
Live with the massive Metropolis condominium and hotel project under construction to the north by another Chinese developer.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 大都市，大都会; 首府，首都; 大主教区; 大城市
分布：大都市(92%)，首府(5%)，重要中心(3%)
→来自希腊语meter,母亲，词源同mother,polis,城市，词源同police,policy.比喻用法。
[metro母,polis城市;"母城"→首城,最大的城]大城市,主要城市,大都会,首府[母matr(i);mater;metro]
大城市;首府(metro[=matro]+polis城市→母亲城→首府)[matern,matr=mother,表示"母性,母亲"]
大都市(metro母亲+polis→母亲城→大城市)[polic,polis,polit=state,city,表示"国家,城市"]
US [-'trɑ:.pəl-] noun countable formal
■a very large city, often the most important city in a large area or country 大城市，大都会；首府；首都
• Soon afterwards he left to begin his career in the metropolis. 不久之后他就迁移到大城市去开展事业了。
• a sprawling/bustling/modern metropolis 不断向外扩展的／繁忙的／现代化的大都市
n. [建] 大都市；首府；重要中心
 - bigalopolis

Word: plethora
Front: plethora
[ˈpleθərə] (宝 13548/14354 -1)
Vocabulary: plethora
(once / 6990 pages)
n
Plethora means an abundance or excess of something. If you have 15 different people who want to take you on a date, you have a plethora of romantic possibilities.
Plethora comes from the Greek for "fullness." Although it was originally used only in old-fashioned medicine to describe the condition of having too much blood, we use it to talk about any excessive supply. If you run a theater and all the seats are taken, that's a full house. But if the seats are full and people are standing in the aisles, you have a plethora of patrons. The stress is on the first syllable: PLETH-uh-ruh.
WORD FAMILY
plethora: plethoras, plethoric+/plethoric: plethorically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Christmas is just one of a plethora of holidays celebrated in the United States.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
The court said prosecutors “presented a plethora of evidence showing a deliberate intent to kill.”
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
But instead I was struck with a plethora of emotions, avalanching with such intensity that I was unable to negotiate them.
The New Yorker(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 过多，过剩; [医]多血，多血症
分布：过量(58%)，多血症(42%)
→来自希腊语plethein,使装满，来自ple,装满，填满，词源同fill,full.引申词义过多，过量， 充血症。-ora,名词后缀。
多余,供过于求[pleth=crowdx(挤,多)]
【记】pleth满，ora说－说满了还说－过剩；多余
【参】deplete（vt 耗尽），de不，plete满
【反】dearth＝scantiness＝shortage＝scarcity（n 缺乏）
US [-ɚ.ə] slightly formal
noun only singular
■a very large amount of something, especially a larger amount than you need, want or can deal with 过多，过剩
• There's a plethora of books about the royal family. 有关皇室的书非常多。
• The plethora of regulations is both contradictory and confusing. 过多的规章制度既相互矛盾又令人困惑。
n. 过多；过剩； [医] 多血症
 - surplus, nimiety

Word: rebellious
Front: rebellious
[rɪˈbeljəs] (托宝 11168/13766 -1)
Vocabulary: rebellious
(once / 912 pages)
adj
A rebellious person likes to challenge authority and break the rules every now and then. A really rebellious group tries to overthrow the government.
Being rebellious is part of the American character. If the colonies hadn't been rebellious enough to rebel against England, there would be no United States. Large groups of people can be rebellious, but so can individuals. A student who talks back to the teacher is being rebellious. An employee who ignores a dress code is being rebellious. Anywhere there's an authority, someone is probably acting rebellious toward it.
WORD FAMILY
rebellious: rebelliously, rebelliousness+/ rebel: rebeled, rebeling, rebelled, rebelling, rebellion, rebels/ rebellion: rebellions, rebellious
USAGE EXAMPLES
So there is something entrepreneurial, creative and rebellious about it.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
But he continues to lead a rebellious Liberal-National coalition in which a faction of lawmakers remain hostile to his progressive social views.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 18, 2016)
Their motives are different, their methods, reasons, approach and application are all different veins of the rebellious act of graffiti.
BBC(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 反叛的; 造反的; 难控制的
分布：叛逆的(90%)，难以控制的(10%)
反抗的,难控制的[bell,bel=war,fight,表示"战争,打斗"]
adjective
■If a group of people are rebellious, they oppose the ideas of the people in authority and plan to change the system, often using force （常使用武力）反叛的，造反的，反抗的
• rebellious groups of southern tribespeople 南方部落中的反叛群体
■If someone is rebellious, they are difficult to control and do not behave in the way they are expected to 桀骜不驯的；难以控制的；难对付的
• Her teachers regard her as a rebellious, trouble-making girl. 老师们认为她是一个不服管教、惹是生非的女孩子。
adj. 反抗的；造反的；难控制的
 - resistant, mutinous

Word: overblown
Front: overblown
[ˌəʊvəˈbləʊn] (16800/23924)
Vocabulary: overblown
(once / 12312 pages)
1adj 2adj
Overblown describes fears or concerns that are excessive, such as a overblown worry that people will notice a spot of dirt on your shoe and decide not to be your friend anymore.
Overblown is a word gardeners use to describe their flowers that, having bloomed, now hang heavy on their stems. You can use it to describe other things that are past their prime like an overblown fashion trend everyone is tired of. Another meaning is an extreme display of vanity, like the overblown decorating style of a famous actor's home — complete with photos, memorabilia from past films, and award trophies everywhere you look.
WORD FAMILY
blow: blew, blowed, blower, blowing, blows, blowy, counterblow, overblown +/blower: blowers/blowing: blowings/blowy: blowiest/counterblow: counterblows
USAGE EXAMPLES
But his team has argued that fears of a destructive trade war are overblown.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
He knows America well and has no illusions about the “special relationship,” which he believes was invented by Churchill and was always much overblown.
New York Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Subtract the personality and essential decency of Moore’s work, though, and the results are hectoring and overblown as well as factually challenged.
The Guardian(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 停息的，盛开过的
v. （风等）吹散( overblow的过去分词 ); 吹倒[落，过]，狂吹，（管乐器）吹得过响
分布：夸张的(35%)，过分的(20%)，停息的(20%)，盛开过的(13%)，肥大的(6%)，动词overblow的过去分词形式.(6%)
→over-,超过，过度，blown,吹，吹嘘。引申词义夸张的。
US [ˌoʊ.vɚ'bloʊn] disapproving
adjective
■bigger or more important than it should be 夸张的；过分渲染的
• an overblown news story 过分渲染的新闻报道
• Sir Neville's conducting is precise and delicate, never overblown. 内维尔爵士的指挥准确细腻，毫不夸张。
adj. 停息的；过分的；已盛开过的
 - excessive, ultra, tall

Word: slate
Front: slate
[sleɪt] (雅宝 8061/6358 -2)
Vocabulary: slate
(once / 644 pages)
nv
Slate is a type of gray metamorphic rock that is made up of quartz and other minerals. The rock can be split into thin layers and the slate used for things like roofing tiles.
In the past when paper was expensive, schoolchildren used slates to do their school work. These were usually made of actual slate rock. Students could practice their writing on the slate with a slate pencil. When they were done, the slate could be erased, which gave rise to the term "clean slate." If you've done things in the past you aren't proud of, you may hope to start over with a clean slate.
WORD FAMILY
slate: slated, slates, slating+/slating: slatings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Here’s a look at the full slate of 2017 opponents.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The Rams are slated to play two more seasons at the Coliseum before their new Inglewood stadium opens in 2019.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Tipped workers are slated to receive a minimum of $4.08 an hour starting next year - a bump of 3 cents.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 石板; 板岩，页岩; 行为记录; 石板色，深蓝灰色
vt. 用石板瓦盖，用板岩覆盖（例如屋顶）; 把…加到竞选者的名单上; 安排或指定
adj. 石板的; 石板色的，深蓝灰色的
时态：slated, slating, slates
分布：石板(42%)，板岩(33%)，提名(5%)，石板色(5%)，石片(3%)，严厉批评(3%)，候选人名单(2%)，用石板覆盖(2%)，预订(2%)，含板岩的(2%)，暗蓝灰色的(1%)
→来自古法语 esclate,阴性格于 esclat,薄片，碎片，木条，即现拼写 slat.比较 marquis,侯爵， marquise,女侯爵，侯爵夫人。后 slat 多用于指木制板，slate 多用于指石制板，并引申比喻义 写字板，清单，候选人名单。
【记】源于：slat（n 板条），e－石板，古希腊选举时在石板上刻候选人的名字－候选人名单
noun
ROCK 岩石
countable or uncountable
■a dark grey rock that can be easily divided into thin pieces, or a small thin piece of this used to cover a roof 板岩，石板；（盖屋顶的）石板瓦
[sleɪt] noun
COMPUTER 电脑
countable (also slate PC)
■a small computer with a screen that you can write on using a special pen 笔记型电脑
[sleɪt] noun
FOR WRITING 用于书写
countable
■in the past, a small thin rectangular piece of slate (= rock) , usually in a wooden frame, used for writing on, especially by children （尤指旧时儿童写字用的）石板
[sleɪt] noun
CHOOSE 选择
countable US
■the group of people who are chosen by a particular party to take part in an election 候选人名单
• The senator has not got a full slate of delegates in New York. 参议员还没有拿到纽约州所有候选代表的名单。
[sleɪt] noun
on the slate UK informal
■when the price of food or drink that a regular customer buys is recorded so that they can pay for it at another time 记账，赊账
• Could you put these drinks on the slate? 你能将这些饮料记账吗？
[sleɪt] noun
with the slate wiped clean
■with your past mistakes or crimes forgotten （过去的错误或罪行）一笔勾销
[sleɪt] verb transitive
CHOOSE 选择 US to be expected to happen in the future or to be expected to be or do something in the future 预计，预定；安排
• [+ to infinitive] Geoff is slated to be the next captain of the football team. 杰夫预计会成为该足球队的下一任队长。
• The election is slated for (= the chosen day is) next Thursday. 选举定于下星期四举行。
[sleɪt] verb transitive
CRITICIZE 批评 UK informal
■to attack by criticizing; to write or say that something is very bad 抨击，批评
• Her last book was slated by the critics. 她的新书受到了评论家的抨击。
[sleɪt] verb transitive
ROCK 岩石
■to cover a roof with slates 用石板瓦盖顶
[sleɪt] adjective
■of a colour similar to slate 石板色的，深蓝灰色的
• slate grey 石板灰
• slate blue 石板蓝
n. [岩] 板岩； [地质] 石板；蓝色；石片
 - blue, flagstone

Word: wed
Vocabulary: wed
(once / 159 pages)
vadj
To wed is to get married to someone. Your dream might be to wed your dream spouse in Hawaii some day.
The verb wed is mainly used in a formal context — marry is more common. You can also use either word to mean "join in marriage" or "perform a marriage ceremony," like when the Archbishop of Canterbury weds members of British royalty. Wed shares a Germanic root with words in various languages meaning "pledge," but also "bet or wager."
WORD FAMILY
wed: unwed, wedded, wedding, weds+/wedded: unwedded/wedding: weddings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Dear Amy: I recently celebrated my marriage with an amazing wedding!
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Traditionally turtles were eaten at major events, like a wedding or a chief’s funeral.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The issue arose again in September, he said, when he hesitated because of a daughter’s upcoming wedding.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)

Word: underwater
Front: underwater
[ˌʌndəˈwɔ:tə(r)] (托 9111/11632 -K1)
Back: adj. 在水中的; 水面下的
adv. 在水下，在水中
分布：在水下(79%)，水下的(18%)，在水中生长的(3%)
US [-dɚ'wɑ:.tˌɚ] adjective adverb
■under the surface of the water, especially under the surface of the sea 在水下（的）；（尤指）在海面下（的）
• an underwater camera (= a camera that you can use under water) 水下摄像机
• Some species of turtle can remain underwater for 24 hours. 有些种类的海龟能在水下逗留上24小时。
adj. 在水中的；水面下的
 - submerged

Word: dabble
Front: dabble
[ˈdæbl] (宝 14779/14552 -1)
Vocabulary: dabble
(once / 2857 pages)
1v 2v
You dabble when you are a little bit involved in an activity, such as an art form or a hobby. Maybe you only dabble in mystery novels, but you are very knowledgeable about comic books.
The word dabble can also often relate to water. It can mean “to splash playfully,” or “to get just a little wet.” A bird can also dabble in water by dipping its bill into it. Each of these meanings of dabble is often followed by the word in. For example, a duck may dabble in the water (and then dribble a few drops afterward from its bill), and you may dabble in shrubbery art.
WORD FAMILY
dabble: dabbled, dabbler, dabbles, dabbling+/dabbler: dabblers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Along with modeling and waitress jobs, Gilbert also dabbled in the movies.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
“They are just as at ease with selling drugs, petty crime and dabbling in extremism.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 24, 2016)
People don’t prefer to acknowledge that the art they dabble in is probably beyond them.
Slate(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: vi. 涉猎; 涉足; 浅尝
vt. 玩水，嬉水; 弄湿，溅湿; 蘸; 涉猎
时态：dabbled, dabbling, dabbles
分布：涉猎(52%)，玩水(27%)，浅尝(11%)，泼溅(5%)，喷洒(5%)
→dab, 轻拍。-le, 表反复。
【记】总是dabble的人对专业知识了解不深，只会babble（v 说蠢话）因为三心二double意，所以dabble
【反】dedicate＝devote（vt 投入于；献身）；specialize（vi 专攻）；dabbler（n 初学者）－specialist/ dedicate professional（n 专家）
verb
TRY 尝试
intransitive
■to take a slight and not very serious interest in a subject, or try a particular activity for a short period 浅尝，尝新鲜；涉猎
• He first dabbled in politics when he was at law school. 他在法学院上学时首次接触政治。
• She dabbled with drugs at university. 她在大学里沾上了毒品。
['dæb.l] verb
MOVE IN WATER 在水中移动
transitive
■to put part of your body, such as your hand or foot, into the water of a pool or stream, etc. and move it about 玩水，嬉水
vt. 溅湿；浸入水中
 - slush

Word: extraction
Front: extraction
[ɪkˈstrækʃn] (六 10457/7879)
Vocabulary: extraction
(once / 2411 pages)
1n 2n
Extraction is the action of removing something. For example, when the dentist yanks out your rotten tooth, the extraction is complete!
In addition to this wince-inducing meaning, the noun extraction is the process of separating out something from a chemical mixture or compound. Take decaffeinated coffee — the caffeine is removed by extraction, so you've got science to thank for not being jittery after breakfast. Extraction can also refer to your family background. If you are of Greek extraction, for example, your family history can be traced back to Greece.
WORD FAMILY
extraction: extractions+/ extract: extractable, extracted, extractible, extracting, extraction, extractor, extracts/extractor: extractors
USAGE EXAMPLES
If these costs were included in the price of fossil-fuel extraction and consumption, the price would no longer be “right” for the exploitation of ANWR.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Across Tibetan parts of China, protests regularly erupt against mineral extraction, according to a 2015 report by Tibet Watch.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
Egypt’s industrial sector is largely based on energy extraction and production, which employs relatively few people and fluctuates with oil prices.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 取出，抽出; 血统，家世，出身; [化]提取（法），萃取（法），回收物，提出物，精炼; [数]开方，求根
分布：抽出(36%)，拔出(28%)，血统(25%)，抽出物(11%)
提炼;抽出[tract=draw,表示"拉,拖"]
noun
uncountable
■the process of removing something, especially by force （尤指用力的）拔出，提取
• The extraction of minerals has damaged the countryside. 采矿破坏了乡间的环境。
countable specialized
■the removal of a tooth 拔牙
• She had two extractions. 她拔掉了两只牙。
be of French/German/Chinese, etc. extraction
■to be from a family that originally came from another country 祖籍法国／德国／中国等
n. 取出； [化工] 抽出；拔出；抽出物；出身
 - birth, origin

Word: monde

Word: sag
Front: sag
[sæɡ] (8757/10300 -1)
Back: vi. 下垂; 消沉; 下跌; [航]漂向下风向
vt. 使…下垂
n. 下垂的动作或事例; 下垂度; 下沉地带; 下跌
时态：sagged, sagging, sags
分布：凹陷(57%)，下垂(30%)，下跌(12%)，消沉(1%)
→可能来自古诺斯语 sokkva,下沉，去鼻音化自 Proto-Germanic*senkwanan,下沉，词源同 sink. 引申诸相关词义。
verb intransitive (-gg-)
■to drop down to a lower level in the middle （中间部位）下垂，下陷
• The shelf sagged under the weight of the heavy books. 书架被沉重的书压弯了。
• a sagging roof/floor/bed 下陷的屋顶／地板／床
■to become weaker 减弱；下降，下跌
• The dollar held up well this morning but the pound sagged. 今天上午美元走挺，但英镑下跌了。
[sæg] noun
[S or U]
■where something has dropped down to a lower level 下垂部分；下弯部分；下陷部分
• a sag in the roof 屋顶的下陷部分
countable usually singular
■a reduction in something 下降，下跌
• a sag in sales 销售量下降
n. 松弛；下跌；漂流；萧条
 - slip, flab
vi. 下垂；下降；萎靡
 - decline, go down
vt. 使下垂
 - slouch

Word: yacht
Front: yacht
[jɒt] (六宝 7495/4621 -3)
Vocabulary: yacht
(once / 427 pages)
nv
A yacht is an upscale boat — often a sailboat — that is used for cruising or racing. If you're on a cargo ship, you're probably at work; if you're on a yacht, it's probably your day off.
While today a yacht is usually a pleasure vessel, and associated with wealth and recreation, its origins are anything but: the word yacht comes from the early modern Dutch jaghtschip, which referred to “a fast pirate ship,” and jacht meant “hunting.” You won’t find many yachts doing any hunting today — but you might find one cruising around the bay or parked at the yacht club. Yacht can also be a verb meaning to travel in a yacht.
WORD FAMILY
yacht: yachted, yachting, yachts
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Obiang denied ownership of the yacht, saying that it belonged his country’s government.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
This morning celebrated sailor Adrienne Cahalan crossed the line aboard Ragamuffin to become the first woman to compete in 25 Sydney to Hobart yacht races.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Oracle won the cup in San Francisco in 2013 and is preparing in Bermuda to defend yachting’s most prestigious trophy next year.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 快艇，帆船，游艇
时态：yachted, yachting, yachts
分布：游艇(87%)，快艇(12%)，驾快艇(1%)
→来自德语jagen,追逐，原指一种轻快的海盗船，现用于指游艇。
【记】读：游艇
US [jɑ:t] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a boat with sails and sometimes an engine, used for either racing or travelling on for pleasure 帆船；快艇；游艇
• a luxury yacht 豪华游艇
• the yacht club 帆船俱乐部
n. 游艇， [船] 快艇；轻舟
 - speed boat, mosquito craft

Word: wharf
Front: wharf
[wɔ:f] (六 17288/12557 -2)
Vocabulary: wharf
(once / 682 pages)
nv
A wharf is a platform built on the shore that extends over the surface of the water. On the wharf, you saw people preparing to set sail.
A wharf provides access for ships and boats, that can pull up and dock alongside it. In fact, wharfs are also called docks or piers. Wharfs are made of wood and act like sidewalks, making it easy to people, cargo and supplies to enter and leave a boat. As a verb, wharf means "to moor," or tie the boat to the wharf and drop an anchor, or "to be given a place at the wharf."
WORD FAMILY
wharf: wharfage, wharfed, wharfing, wharfs, wharves
USAGE EXAMPLES
Shops in Georgetown and at the Wharf are in the works, too.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
The lobster association is a group of wharf operators, processors, dealers and wholesalers in New England.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Investigators say the Spirit of Baltimore hit two other boats and caused about $100,000 in damage to the wharf.
Seattle Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 码头，停泊处
v. 靠码头; 把货卸在码头上
时态：wharfed, wharfing, wharfs
分布：码头(100%)
→来自古英语hwearf,河岸，船停靠点，来自kwerp,转，转开，来自sker,转，词源同ring,carpal。引申词义船的临时停靠点，码头。
US [wɔ:rf] (plural wharves)
noun countable
■an area like a wide wall built near the edge of the sea or a river where ships can be tied and goods unloaded 码头；停泊处
• Canary Wharf 加那利码头
port, seaport, harbour, pier, wharf
这组词都有“港，港口，码头”的意思，其区别是：
port: 多指人工港口，还可指有港口的市。
seaport: 指港埠。
harbour: 一般用词，指停泊船只、装卸货物的天然或人工港口。
pier: 专指与海岸成直角形而突出的码头，可供旅客，货物上下船或供人散步用。
wharf: 指船只停泊装卸货物的码头。
vt. 使靠码头；为…建码头；把货卸在码头上
 - dock
n. [水运] 码头；停泊处
 - landing, pier

Word: bronze
Front: bronze
[brɒnz] (研四六托雅 4926/4024 -2)
Back: n. 青铜; 青铜色; 铜牌; 青铜艺术品
adj. 深红棕色的，青铜色的; 青铜制的
vt. 镀青铜于
vi. 变成青铜色，被晒黑
时态：bronzed, bronzing, bronzes
分布：青铜(67%)，铜牌(17%)，青铜色(5%)，青铜色的(4%)，青铜制的(3%)，青铜制品(3%)，使成青铜色(1%)
→词源不确定，可能同brass, 黄铜。
n.青铜;青铜色,古铜色;青铜制品,铜牌It was not the aluminum but the massive brass and bronze on the grass that embarrassed me.让我为难的不是铝而是草地上厚重的黄铜和青铜.
US [brɑ:nz] noun
 ADVANCED uncountable
■a brown metal made of copper and tin 青铜
• The church bells are made of bronze. 教堂大钟是青铜制成的。
 ADVANCED uncountable
■a dark orange-brown colour, like the metal bronze 古铜色，青铜色
countable
■a statue made of bronze 青铜塑像
countable (also bronze ^medal)
■a small round piece of bronze given to a person who finishes third in a competition 铜牌
• He got a bronze in the high jump. 他跳高得了铜牌。
UK [brɒnz] US [brɑ:nz] adjective
■being dark orange-brown in colour, like the metal bronze 古铜色的，青铜色的
n. [材] 青铜；古铜色；青铜制品
 - gunmetal
adj. 青铜色的；青铜制的
 - aeneous

Word: irk
Front: irk
[ɜ:k] (宝 17751/22719)
Vocabulary: irk
(once / 1670 pages)
v
The verb irk means "annoy," so if the incessant barking of your next door neighbor's pug is driving you crazy, you can say that the noise irks you.
Being irked is an individual thing — what drives you crazy might be something your friend doesn't even notice. For example, it might irk your grammarian friend every time he hears someone says "ain't," but other people don't mind it. The earliest version of the word irk, irken, meant "to feel weary or tired," but it later came to mean "to tire of or to be disgusted with."
WORD FAMILY
irk: irked, irking, irks, irksome +/ irksome: irksomely, irksomer
USAGE EXAMPLES
I think it's the hypocrisy he dresses himself in that irked me most.
New York Times(Mar 27, 2013)
Last year, Russia began an air force operation in Syria to support President Bashar Assad that’s irked the U.S. in particular.
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Although the company’s researchers do publish, their work-in-progress is kept under wraps, which irks some academics.
Nature(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: vt. <正，文>使烦恼，激怒
时态：irked, irking, irks
分布：使厌倦(34%)，苦恼(25%)，使苦恼(25%)，厌倦(16%)
→来自中古英语irken,厌倦的，厌恶的，可能来自werg,工作，词源同work,organ.词义激怒可能是受ire的影响。
【记】读：饿渴－又饿又渴－很烦smirk－smile irk－又饿又渴还能smile－（v 傻笑n 假笑）
【反】cause to /make someone pleased（使某人高兴）；gratify（vt 使满足）
US [ɝ:k] slightly formal
verb transitive
■to annoy someone 使厌烦，使恼火
• The negative reply to my complaint really irked me. 对我的投诉的否定回覆着实令我气恼。
vt. 使烦恼；使厌倦
 - trouble, discompose

Word: beta
Front: beta
[ˈbi:tə] (9048/7476)
Vocabulary: beta
(once / 15491 pages)
1nadj 2adj
Beta is the second letter of the Greek alaphabet. It also refers to a preliminary model of software or hardware that's not a finished project.
There are two related meanings of beta: the first is the second letter of the Greek alphabet. The second refers to things that are secondary in a different way: the beta version of software or hardware is a version that isn't quite ready for prime time. The beta model is a testing version. Often a company will let some people use the beta version to see if there are problems which can be fixed before the final version comes out.
WORD FAMILY
beta: betas
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is currently in the early “beta” stage of development and there is an extensive waiting list to join.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
Amazon considers the program to be in “beta test” mode; in fact, only two customers are part of its Prime Air trial so far.
Washington Post(Dec 14, 2016)
Looking at the 10 biggest exchange-traded fund launches of 2016, nine are focused on “smart beta” strategies that are so in vogue with portfolio managers.
Seattle Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: n. 贝塔，希腊字母中的第二个字母
分布：贝它(80%)，希腊字母的第二个字母(20%)
→希腊字母表第二个字母，字母B的原型。
US ['beɪ.tˌə] noun countable
■the second letter of the Greek alphabet 希腊文字母表的第二个字母 Compare alpha ; gamma
(also β) UK ['bi:.tə] US ['beɪ.tˌə] adjective
■Beta software is at the second stage of development. （软体程式）尚未推出市场，处于第二个开发阶段的
• a beta disc 一个试用磁片
• You can download the beta version from the website. 你可以在网站下载试用版。

Word: actress
Front: actress
[ˈæktrəs] (高研四 3236/4829 -3)
Back: n. 女演员; 女表演者
分布：女演员(100%)
女演员(actor演员)[-ress 1.表名词,指"女性"2.表名词,指"物品"]
n.女演员Actually the actor and actress reacted actively to the activity.实际上男演员和女演员对这个活动作出了积极的反应.
noun countable
■a female actor 女演员
• She's the highest-paid actress in Hollywood. 她是好莱坞片酬最高的女演员。
['æk.trəs] noun countable
as the actress said to the bishop humorous
■used to show that someone has said something that could have another meaning connected to sex 诙谐地暗示前者的言语有情色意味
• It slides right into the hole, as the actress said to the bishop. “它不偏不倚地滑进洞里，”这话很暧昧。

Word: compatible
Front: compatible
[kəmˈpætəbl] (研六托雅宝 7017/5142 -2)
Vocabulary: compatible
(once / 849 pages)
adj
A word that comes up a lot in discussions of both food and people pairings, compatible speaks to a person or thing’s ability to exist agreeably with something or someone else.
Use the word compatible to describe two things that work well together, like your Wii and your big screen TV, or peanut butter and jelly. You may have heard that opposites attract, but initial attraction doesn’t necessarily mean that opposites will be compatible in the long-term. Advised Russian novelist and philosopher Leo Tolstoy, “What counts in making a happy marriage is not so much how compatible you are, but how you deal with incompatibility.”
WORD FAMILY
compatible: compatibility, compatibly, incompatible +/ compatibility: compatibilities/ incompatibility: incompatibilities/ incompatible: incompatibility, incompatibly
USAGE EXAMPLES
If your router is more than three years old, you probably need a new one that is compatible with today’s faster, smarter wireless standards.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
“Long term, we are looking for land uses that are compatible with the airport.”
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
The game is now fully compatible with the Apple Watch, according to an announcement posted by the game’s official website on Thursday.
Time(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 兼容的，相容的; 和谐的，协调的; [生物学]亲和的; 可以并存的，能共处的
分布：兼容(72%)，兼容的(23%)，一致的(4%)，适合的(1%)
和谐的,相容的(com共同+pat+ible→有共同感情的→相容的)[pass=felling表示"感情"]
a.能和睦相处的,合得来的;兼容的Comply with the compatible rule of complement when using compliments.使用问候语时遵守补语的相容规则.
【记】com共同，pat＝put放，ible能…－能放在一起的－和谐的com共同，pati读：拍地：所有人一起拍地，这种情况出现在球场上，当中国队进球时，球迷们就会和谐的跺脚，表示庆祝。
【参】compatibility（n 和谐共处，不矛盾，兼容性）
US [-'pætˌ-] adjective
 ADVANCED
■able to exist, live together, or work successfully with something or someone else 可共存的；协调的；相容的
• It was when we started living together that we found we just weren't compatible. 等到开始生活在一起时，才发现我们根本合不来。
• This software may not be compatible with older operating systems. 该软体可能与较早期的作业系统不相容。
• Such policies are not compatible with democratic government. 此类政策与民主政体格格不入。
• Are their two blood groups compatible (= can blood from one person be given to the other person) ? 他俩的血型相容吗？
compatible, consistent
这组词都有“一致的”的意思，其区别是：
compatible: 指两个事物不仅无分歧，不互相排斥，而且可以并存，和谐地处在一起。
consistent: 指各事物之间或同一物体各细节之间都能一致，不自相矛盾。

Word: decidedly
Front: decidedly
[dɪˈsaɪdɪdli] (六 8222/9825 -1)
Vocabulary: decidedly
(once / 435 pages)
adv
Something described as being decidedly a certain way is absolutely that way, with no hint of doubt. If a character in a movie is decidedly evil, there's no question in your mind about it, it's so clearly true.
The adverb decidedly is good for providing a strong emphasis. Your mom might be decidedly unhappy about your new car, or your grades might be decidedly improving this semester. In both cases, these things are undeniably clear. Decidedly comes from the adjective decided, or "resolute," from the Latin root decidere, "to decide or determine."
WORD FAMILY
decided: decidedly, undecided+/ decide: decided, decides, deciding, decision, decisive / decision: decisions, indecision / decisive: decisively, decisiveness, indecisive / indecision: indecisions/ indecisive: indecisively, indecisiveness/undecided: undecidedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
His rushing yardage in his final season there was decidedly positive: 1,740 yards.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
And while elsewhere toys and Barbie reign, this study is decidedly his.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Paterson’s home is ordinary and decidedly not beautiful.
Salon(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adv. 明确地; 坚决地; 果断地; 毫无疑问地
分布：果断地(46%)，毫无疑问(18%)，明确地(18%)，断然地(18%)
adverb
■certainly and obviously 确切地；明显地
• He was decidedly careful about what he told me. 他对他和我说的那些话显然非常小心谨慎。
• An agreement is looking decidedly difficult according to the newspapers. 据报纸报道，达成协议显然非常困难。
adv. 果断地；断然地；明显；毫无疑问
 - positively, flat, emphatically

Word: consolation
Front: consolation
[ˌkɒnsəˈleɪʃn] (10267/7614)
Vocabulary: consolation
(once / 397 pages)
n
Consolation is something that makes someone feel better after they're disappointed or sad.
This is a word for things that try to console someone. A consolation prize isn't as good as first prize, but it's better than nothing. A hug is little consolation when you've had your heart broken. You give someone consolation when try to cheer them up. Consolation can be the act of making someone feel better, like trying to make them laugh, but it can also be something that makes someone happy, like a plate of warm cookies.
WORD FAMILY
consolation: consolations+/consolable: inconsolable, unconsolable/consolatory: consolatorily/ console: consolable, consolation, consolatory, consoled, consoles, consoling/consoling: consolingly/ inconsolable: inconsolably/unconsolable: unconsolably
USAGE EXAMPLES
One consolation for New Orleans: Drew Brees became the first quarterback in league history to throw for 5,000 yards five times.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
As the NFL season enters the homestretch this holiday weekend, several teams will jockey for playoff position while others will seek comfort in consolation prizes.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
A well-executed but failed trial of FMT, therefore, would offer the consolation of new insight into the mechanism of the disease.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 安慰，慰问; 起安慰作用的人（或事物）
分布：安慰(86%)，慰藉(14%)
安慰(console安慰,con+sole安慰)[-ion 1.表名词"动作或状态“2.表示"某种物,用品"]
US [ˌkɑ:n-] noun countable or uncountable
■something that makes someone who is sad or disappointed feel better; when you try to make someone who is sad or disappointed feel better by giving them comfort or sympathy 安慰；慰藉；给人带来安慰的事物
• If it's (of) any consolation (to you), you're not the only one he was rude to. 他不仅仅对你一个人粗鲁，这也许能让你略感安慰。
• I didn't know what to say - I just offered a few words of consolation. 我不知说甚么好——只是安慰了几句。
n. 安慰；慰问；起安慰作用的人或事物
 - comfort, relief, sympathy

Word: curfew
Front: curfew
[ˈkɜ:fju:] (宝 10454/12844 -2)
Vocabulary: curfew
(once / 4436 pages)
n
Curfew is a rule or law that sets a time that certain people have to be off the streets. A town may set a curfew for teenagers, for example, although many parents impose a stricter curfew for their own kids.
Historically, a curfew was signaled by the ringing of a bell meant to alert residents that it was time to put out their hearth fires. The word curfew comes from an Old French word cuevrefeu, "cover fire," cuevre meaning to cover, and feu meaning fire. Over time, curfew has come to refer to getting people off the streets at night and into their homes, often during times of civil unrest.
WORD FAMILY
curfew: curfews
USAGE EXAMPLES
Twenty years later callers described officers assembling at Tompkins Square Park just before a melee with people protesting a curfew there.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Officials also imposed a curfew starting on Saturday that prohibited street traffic at night.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 19, 2016)
He’s carved a straightedge lifestyle that bans drinking alcohol, keeps a healthy diet and a curfew of about 9 p.m.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 宵禁，戒严; 晚钟，晚钟时刻
分布：宵禁(100%)
→来自古法语cuevrefeu, 来自cuevr, 同cover,遮盖，feu, 同focus, 火，火炉，焦点。
【记】cur＝curr跑，few少：跑动的人变得少了，因为实行宵禁了。Cur（n 流氓）few少了－宵禁
US ['kɝ:-] noun countable or uncountable
■a rule that everyone must stay at home between particular times, usually at night, especially during a war or a period of political trouble （尤指战争或政治动荡时期实行的）宵禁，戒严
• to impose / lift a curfew 实行／取消戒严
• a midnight curfew 午夜宵禁
• He was shot for breaking (= not obeying) the curfew. 他因违反宵禁令而遭到枪击。
• You'll be in trouble if you get home after curfew. 如果你戒严后回家会遇到麻烦的。

Word: deflect
Front: deflect
[dɪˈflekt] (六托雅宝 9591/9485 -1)
Vocabulary: deflect
(once / 1708 pages)
v
The verb deflect describes blocking something or changing its course. Hockey goalies deflect the flying puck with their sticks or blockers, making it travel in a different direction, preferably to a teammate's stick.
In a cartoon, a mouse might ask an approaching cat, "Hey, what's that up in the sky?" When the cat looks up, the mouse runs away, successful in his attempt to deflect the cat's attention. When you deflect, you throw someone or something off course, often by using a distraction. Another way to deflect something — such as criticism — is to blame someone else. Eventually the truth, like the cat who quickly sees there's nothing unusual up in the sky, catches up with those who deflect.
WORD FAMILY
deflect: deflected, deflecting, deflection, deflective, deflector, deflects, deflexion+/deflection: deflections/deflective: deflectively/deflector: deflectors/deflexion: deflexions
USAGE EXAMPLES
That year, her first Oscars season, Ms. Bening playfully deflected personal questions about her budding romance and attended the ceremony with her parents.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
And a few of them performed some of the more hilarious contortions seen on the campaign trail to deflect attention from the damaging revelations.
Salon(Jan 01, 2017)
Crucially this time, however, his fingertips proved the difference between Romelu Lukaku’s deflected drive hitting the crossbar and flying beneath it.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 使歪斜; 使弯曲; 偏转，偏离
时态：deflected, deflecting, deflects
分布：转向(49%)，使偏斜(43%)，改变原计划(8%)
→de-, 向下。-flect, 弯曲，词源同flexible, inflect.
偏斜,打歪(de偏离+flect→偏离弯曲→偏斜)[flect,flex=bend,表示"弯曲"]
【记】flect弯曲－弯到一边－偏离
【参】reflection（n 反射；沉思）；flexible（adj 灵活的）
verb intransitive or transitive
■to (cause to) change direction （使）转向，（使）偏斜
• The crowd cheered as the goalkeeper deflected the shot. 当守门员把球挡出去的时候人们欢呼了起来。
• He deflected the ball away from the goal. 他把球挡出了球门。
• The Prime Minister deflected mounting criticism today by announcing tax cuts. 今天首相宣布减税，从而平息了越来越多的批评声音。
• The ball deflected off my hockey stick, straight into the goal. 球打在我的球棍上直接弹进了球门。
vt. 使转向；使偏斜；使弯曲
 - wind, curve
vi. 转向；偏斜
 - swing, turn towards

Word: dome
Front: dome
[dəʊm] (研六雅宝 5005/6106 -2)
Vocabulary: dome
(once / 506 pages)
n
A dome is a large hemispherical roof, like those seen on many capitol buildings. The Dome of the Rock, in Jerusalem, is a Muslim shrine with a golden dome that sits on a holy rock.
In Italian, duomo is the word for church or cathedral; it comes from the Latin domus, "house." Many Italian cathedrals feature prominent domes, and eventually the word dome became synonymous with that particular architectural feature. An umbrella works because its dome shape sheds the rain efficiently.
WORD FAMILY
dome: domes
USAGE EXAMPLES
“The Dome holds a special place in my heart. This is where I started my career.”
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Still, there is no doubt he was one of the greatest Falcons to play at the Georgia Dome during its 25-year history.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The dome was built with Universal Properties and Management Inc., which owns 7 Mile Crossing, a commercial building located within the college’s campus.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 圆屋顶; 像圆屋顶一样的东西; 圆顶体育场
vt. 加圆屋顶于…上
vi. 成圆顶状
分布：圆屋顶(63%)，成圆顶状(15%)，苍穹(10%)，使成圆屋顶(6%)，圆形的火山口(3%)，加圆屋顶于...上(3%)
→来自拉丁语domus, 家，词源同domain. 引申词义天主教教堂，穹顶。
圆屋顶;大厦[dom=house,表示"屋,家"]
n.圆屋顶"Homely food is wholesome," the comedist said on the dome."家常食品有益于健康,"喜剧作家在拱顶上说.
US [doʊm] noun countable
■a rounded roof on a building or a room, or a building with such a roof 穹顶；穹顶建筑
■a shape like one-half of a ball 半球形
• Gerald had a long grey beard and a shiny bald dome (= head). 杰拉尔德留着长长的灰色胡须，头上却秃得锃亮。
n. [建] 圆屋顶
 - cupola

Word: fad
Front: fad
[fæd] (宝 11194/15200 -1)
Vocabulary: fad
(once / 2675 pages)
n
If it’s all the rage, everybody’s into it, your parents don’t get it, and teenage girls across the globe are trying to outdo each other with it, it’s officially a fad.
From hairstyles to hula hoops to saying “that’s hot,” fads are known to rise to crazed levels of popularity seemingly overnight. But they fade out just as fast, leaving late adopters with outdated sayings and some seriously uncool shoes. Much like a fad itself, no one has any real idea where this word came from. But it’s still in fashion some 144 years later.
WORD FAMILY
fad: faddish, faddist, faddy, fads+/ faddish: faddishly/faddist: faddists
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I just wanted to keep up with the latest fad.”
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Séances were a fad; so were hypnotism, chiromancy and telepathy.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
What were the biggest differences from say the late 70s/early 80s generation when Hip Hop was considered a fad or an uptown phenomenon?
Salon(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 一时的流行; 一时的风尚; 一时的怪念头
abbr. [生化](=flavin adenine dinucleotide)黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸
分布：时尚(94%)，一时流行的狂热(6%)
→可能来自拉丁语fatuus, 无味的，愚笨的，词源同fatuous. 原义为小的兴趣爱好，癖好。后用来指没主见，盲目跟风，一时狂热。
【记】fad很短暂，所以很快就会fade（vi 减弱下去；褪色；消失）
【参】faddish（adj 趋于时尚的；风行的）
noun countable
■a style, activity or interest which is very popular for a short period of time 一时的风尚；短暂的狂热
• the latest health fad 最新健康时尚
• There was a fad for wearing ripped jeans a few years ago. 几年前有一阵子流行穿有洞的牛仔裤。
n. 时尚；一时的爱好；一时流行的狂热
 - fashion, mode, style

Word: glitter
Front: glitter
[ˈglɪtə(r)] (研四六雅宝 11840/10754 -2)
Vocabulary: glitter
(once / 255 pages)
nv
A glitter is a sparkle or flash of light. To glitter is to gleam or shine, as if glistening with moisture.
Glitter isn’t just shiny stuff you use in craft projects. When used as a noun, glitter can refer to any kind of gleam, glint, spark, or flash of light, like the flicker of a firefly at night. This word can also be used as a verb. An ornate golden goblet glitters brightly — as does anything coated in a thick layer of glitter.
WORD FAMILY
glitter: glittered, glittering, glitters, glittery+/glittering: glitteringly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The red cantilevered stairways look like the ventricles of a heart coursing with glitter blood.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
A separate operation was responsible for cleanup downtown on Fremont Street, the city's famous Glitter Gulch.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
At first it was pretty standard fare: She posed, framed by feathers, as a glittering pop princess through a pristine, apparently lip-synced “Auld Lang Syne.”
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vi. 闪烁，闪耀; 华丽夺目，炫耀
n. 灿烂的光辉; 闪烁; （表面的）诱惑力; 吸引力
时态：glittered, glittering, glitters
分布：闪烁(56%)，灿烂(24%)，辉耀(12%)，亮片(8%)
→来自ghel, 照耀，发光，词源同glass, gold.
n.光辉,灿烂v.闪闪发光;闪耀All that glitters is not gold.= All is not gold that glitters.((谚))闪闪发光者未必都是黄金.
【记】＝glisten
US ['glɪtˌ.ɚ] verb intransitive
■to produce a lot of small bright flashes of reflected light 闪烁，闪耀，闪光
• Her diamond necklace glittered brilliantly under the spotlights. 聚光灯下她的钻石项链流光溢彩，光芒四射。
■literary
■If someone's eyes glitter, they look bright and express strong feeling （眼睛）闪烁
• His dark eyes glittered with anger behind his spectacles. 他那双黑眼睛透过镜片喷射出怒火。
UK ['glɪt.ər] US ['glɪtˌ.ɚ] verb intransitive
All that glitters is not gold. saying
■said about something that seems to be good on the surface, but might not be when you look at it more closely 闪光的并非都是金子。
UK ['glɪt.ər] US ['glɪtˌ.ɚ] noun uncountable
EXCITEMENT 刺激
■the excitement and attractive quality connected with rich and famous people （富人或名人的）吸引力，魅力，诱惑力
• He was attracted by the glitter of Hollywood. 好莱坞的魅力令他心驰神往。
UK ['glɪt.ər] US ['glɪtˌ.ɚ] noun uncountable
BRIGHT LIGHT 亮光
■when something glitters 闪烁，闪耀，闪光
• the glitter of the fireworks 火焰的绚烂
■very small pieces of shiny material used to decorate the skin or used by children to make pictures （装饰或儿童作画用的）小发光物，发光碎屑
flash, sparkle, glow, gleam, twinkle, glitter
这组词都有“闪光，闪烁，闪亮”的意思，其区别是：
flash: 指突然发出随即消失的闪光，如闪电的光。
sparkle: 指发出闪动的光或火星。
glow: 指像熔铁余烬等发出的明亮、强烈、夺目的光。
gleam: 指透过间隔物或映衬于较暗背景上的微弱光线。也指闪光。
twinkle: 指断断续续或摇晃不定的灿烂闪光。
glitter: 指连续发出的闪烁不定的光，有时含贬义。
flash, glare, blaze, glow, flare, light, twinkle, glitter, flame
这组词都有“火焰、烈火、光”的意思，其区别是：
flash: 指突然发出而随即消失的闪光。
glare: 指眩目的光。
blaze: 指猛烈燃烧所发生强烈的光。
glow: 指像冶炼铁和钢时发出的红光。
flare: 指摇曳的火焰。
light: 普通用词，指日、月、星或灯等的光。
twinkle: 指如星光等的闪烁。
glitter: 指连续发出闪烁不定的光。
flame: 指一条或多条火舌，多用复数形式，指由许多火舌构成的大火。
vi. [光] 闪光；闪烁
 - flare light, lightning flash
n. [光] 闪光；灿烂
 - stroboflash, coruscation

Word: goose
Front: goose
[gu:s] (中高研四六 5529/6076 -2)
Back: n. 鹅; 鹅肉; 雌鹅; 傻瓜
v. 拧或掐屁股; 忽然加满油； 催促
时态：goosed, goosing, gooses
分布：鹅(85%)，鹅肉(7%)，雌鹅(5%)，笨蛋(2%)，长柄熨斗(1%)
→ghans, 鹅，词源同gannet, gander.
n.(pl.geese)鹅,雌鹅,鹅肉The loosened goose chooses the cheese to eat.被解开的鹅挑选奶酪吃.
noun (plural geese)
BIRD 禽
countable or uncountable
■a large water bird similar to a duck but larger, or the meat from this bird 鹅
[gu:s] noun (plural geese)
PERSON 人
countable old-fashioned informal
■a silly person 傻瓜，笨蛋
[gu:s] verb transitive
SQUEEZE 拧 informal
■to squeeze or press someone's bottom 拧（某人）的臀部；戳（某人）的臀部
[gu:s] verb transitive
MAKE ACTIVE 使活跃 US informal
■to encourage or cause something or someone to be more active 推动；促进；激励
n. [禽] 鹅；鹅肉；傻瓜；雌鹅
 - stupid, fool

Word: jeans
Front: jeans
[dʒi:nz] (中高研四雅 3421/4826 -K2)
Back: n. 牛仔裤; 瘦腿紧身裤
分布：牛仔裤(100%)
→来自中古法语jean fustian,热那亚厚棉布，来自古法语Jannes,即意大利城市Genoa.
n.牛仔裤(又称bluejeans,dungarees等)Lots of students wear jeans nowadays.现在很多学生穿牛仔裤.
plural noun
 ESSENTIAL
■trousers made of denim (= strong blue cotton cloth) which are worn informally 牛仔裤
• jeans and a T-shirt 牛仔裤和T恤
• I never wear jeans for work. 我从不穿牛仔裤上班。
trousers, slacks, pants, jeans, shorts
这组词都有“裤子”的意思，其区别是：
trousers: 指长裤，用于较正式场合。
slacks: 美国指比较宽松的便裤，英国人指妇女外面穿的长裤。
pants: 常用词，在美国，泛指各类裤子，在英国指衬裤或短裤。
jeans: 指劳动布裤或牛仔裤。
shorts: 指短裤或裤衩。
n. 牛仔裤；工装裤
 - overall, jea

Word: grandparent
Front: grandparent
[ˈgrænpeərənt] (中 4679/7634 -K1)
Vocabulary: grandparent
(once / 3261 pages)
n
A grandparent is your parent's parent. Your dad's mother is your grandparent, and so is your mom's father. If you're lucky enough to have living grandparents, then that's pretty grand.
Most people have a special name for each of their grandparents, whether it's "Grandma," "Grandpa Bob," or "Nana." Others never have the chance to meet their grandparents, but everyone has them. The word grandparent, first used at the start of the nineteenth century, uses grand in its sense of "a generation older than." Your grandparents are a generation older than your parents.
WORD FAMILY
grandparent: grandparents
USAGE EXAMPLES
His grandparents brought the book home after a vacation.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
It is not uncommon for each parent and grandparent to contribute at least one name.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
The children were killed after being abducted from their custodial grandparents’ home.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 祖父或祖母; 外祖父或外祖母
分布：名词(98%)，动词(2%)
US [-per.ənt] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■the father or mother of a person's father or mother （外）祖父；（外）祖母

Word: hassle
Front: hassle
[ˈhæsl] (六宝 10953/11651 -1)
Vocabulary: hassle
(once / 10726 pages)
nv
Something that is bothersome or annoying can be called a hassle. It's a huge hassle to go back to the grocery story after unloading fifteen bags and realizing you forgot milk.
The noun hassle can also refer to an argument or a scuffle. If you get into a hassle at school, you're likely to be called into the principal's office. As a verb, hassle means to annoy or harass repeatedly or chronically. If a bully is constantly hassling you, you should report them.
WORD FAMILY
hassle: hassled, hassles, hassling
USAGE EXAMPLES
Despite the drawbacks, those with curb cuts say a guaranteed place to park is worth the potential hassle.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
It promotes itself as a family-friendly resort without the hassles of larger, more famous ski resorts.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
“Every time I saw him, I hassled him,” she said.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 困难的事情; 麻烦的事情; 争论
vt. 不断烦扰; 与…争辩; 使…烦恼
vi. 争论，争辩
时态：hassled, hassling, hassles
分布：麻烦(76%)，争吵(10%)，困难(9%)，烦扰(5%)
→可能来自haggle过去分词，-ss,过去分词后缀。比较legible,lesson.
【记】词源学家提出的三种不同的可能性：harass（v 骚扰）＋hustle（vt 驱赶；驱逐）；haggle（v 讨价还价）＋tussle（vi 打斗；格斗）；haggle＋wrestle（vi 摔跤；格斗）拼：哈斯勒（德国国家队员）脾气暴躁，容易与人发生激烈的争论。
noun countable or uncountable informal
■(a situation causing) difficulty or trouble 麻烦，困难
• I can't face the hassle of moving house again. 我受不了再搬一次家的麻烦。
• My boss has been giving me a lot of hassle this week. 这星期老板给我找了很多麻烦事。
• It's one of the few bars that women can go to and not get any hassle from men. 那是女性可以去的为数不多的几个酒吧之一，在那里女性不会受到男人的任何烦扰。
• It was such a hassle trying to get my bank account changed that I nearly gave up. 更换银行帐号真是麻烦，我差点都想放弃了。
• I should have taken it back to the shop but I just didn't think it was worth (all) the hassle. 我应该把它退回商店，但我认为不值得这么麻烦。
['hæs.l] verb transitive
■to annoy someone, especially by repeatedly asking them something 烦扰（尤指透过反覆提问）
• I'll do it in my own time - just stop hassling me! 我会自己安排时间做的——别烦我了！
• [+ to infinitive] The children keep hassling me to take them to Disneyland. 孩子们不断地烦我，要我带他们去迪士尼乐园。
vt. 找麻烦，搅扰；与…争辩；使…烦恼
 - pain, take to task
n. 困难，麻烦；激战
 - difficulty, poverty, trouble, hardness, headache
vi. 争论，争辩
 - debate, contest

Word: ramadan

Word: rainy
Front: rainy
[ˈreɪni] (中高四六 7477/13732 -1)
Vocabulary: rainy
(once / 684 pages)
adj
Rainy things are affected by rain in some way, like rainy weather or a rainy afternoon.
You can describe certain places as rainy, like Mt. Waialeale on the Hawaiian island of Kauai, or Mawsynram in India, both of which are often cited as being the most rainy place on earth. The phrase "a rainy day" uses rainy figuratively, to represent possible future bad luck or hard times: "You should always save some of your salary in case of a rainy day."
WORD FAMILY
rainy: rainier, rainiest, rainily, raininess+/ rain: rained, raining, rainless, rains, rainy
USAGE EXAMPLES
With “rainy day fund” balances under stress, state officials must ensure that their spending meshes with needs and priorities.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Constructed using any materials available, the shelter will be unable to withstand the rainy season.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Then they’ll roll each paper and insert it into protective bags, two on rainy days.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 下雨的，多雨的
级别：rainier, rainiest
分布：下雨的(56%)，多雨的(44%)
下雨的(rain雨)[-y 1.加在名词后变成形容词2表名词,加在形容词或以r结尾的单词后3表名词"人或小东西"常带有戏谑性和爱称]
adjective
■raining a lot 大雨滂沱
• We had three rainy days on holiday, but otherwise it was sunny. 我们渡假时遇到三个雨天，不过其他的日子都是阳光明媚。
['reɪ.ni] adjective
save / keep money for a rainy day
■to save money for a time when it might be needed unexpectedly 存钱以备不时之需；有备无患；未雨绸缪
• Luckily she had saved some money for a rainy day. 幸好她未雨绸缪早有准备。
adj. 下雨的；多雨的
 - pluvian, drippy

Word: misfortune
Front: misfortune
[ˌmɪsˈfɔ:tʃu:n] (研六托雅 10322/8481 -1)
Vocabulary: misfortune
(once / 202 pages)
n
On a gloomy day, you may feel compelled to list your misfortunes: a broken umbrella, a broken heart, a broken toe. Misfortune means bad luck or the state of having bad luck.
Break misfortune into its parts and you get mis- meaning bad and fortune meaning chance or luck. Sometimes it can feel like misfortune follows you. Picture it as a gloomy psychic named "Miss Fortune" who can only see the bad things in your future.
WORD FAMILY
misfortune: misfortunes+/ fortunate: fortunately, fortunatest, misfortunate, unfortunate / fortune: fortunate, fortunes, misfortune /misfortunate: misfortunately/ unfortunate: unfortunately, unfortunates
USAGE EXAMPLES
But bits of lifesaving luck cut through the series of misfortunes for the family.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Bell said he was immediately aware of the misfortune that struck Wild Oats XI and handed Perpetual Loyal the race lead.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
The tragedy of Nabokov’s loss is that his misfortune was easily explained by public history.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 不幸; 厄运; 不幸的事; 灾难
分布：不幸(92%)，灾祸(8%)
→mis-,坏的，错的，不好的，fortune,幸运。
不幸(mis+fortune幸运的)[mis-表示"错误,坏"]
不幸,灾祸(mis坏+fortune运气→坏运气)[furt=luck,表示"运气"]
n.不幸,灾祸,灾难After a fortnight's torture, the unfortunate man got an opportunity to escape the misfortune.经过两星期的拷打后那个不幸的人得到了逃脱不幸的机会.
【记】mis不，fortune（n 财富；运气）
【反】boon（n 恩惠；福利）
US [-'fɔ:r.tʃən] noun countable or uncountable
■bad luck, or an unlucky event 不幸；厄运；不幸事故；灾难
• [+ to infinitive] That was the worst film I've ever had the misfortune to see. 那是我不走运看过的最糟糕的电影。
• She's suffered a good deal of misfortune over the years. 多年来她遭受了巨大的不幸。
• It's unfair to take advantage of other people's misfortunes. 乘人之危是不公平的。
disaster, misfortune, calamity, catastrophe
这组词都有“灾难”的意思，其区别是：
disaster: 普通用词，指大破坏、痛苦或伤亡。
misfortune: 普通用词，多批较为严重的不幸，强调不幸多由外界因素所致。
calamity: 多指个人的不幸，比disaster严重，强调灾难引起的悲痛以及对于损失的感觉。
catastrophe: 语气最强，指可怕的灾难，强调最终的结局。
n. 不幸；灾祸，灾难
 - disaster, evil, tragedy, grief

Word: registry
Front: registry
[ˈredʒɪstri] (12691/8139 -1)
Back: n. 记录，登记; 登记处，挂号处; 记录簿; 船舶的国籍
分布：注册(88%)，登记(8%)，登记处(3%)，登记簿(1%)
→来自 register,登记，记录。
['redʒ.ɪ.stri] mainly UK
noun countable
■a place where official records are kept 登记处，注册处
• a land/business/electoral registry 土地注册处／工商企业注册处／选举登记处
n. 注册；登记处；挂号处；船舶的国籍
 - logon, sign-up

Word: dwell
Front: dwell
[dwel] (研六托雅 7180/7576 -1)
Vocabulary: dwell
(once / 80 pages)
v
To dwell in a home is to live in it. To dwell on something — usually something bad, like a failed romance or terrible service in a restaurant –- is to think or speak about it at great length.
Dwell has been part of the English language for over 1,000 years. The definition of the word has evolved considerably since its first recorded use in the ninth century when Old English dwellan meant "lead astray" or "hinder." If you constantly dwell on the bad things in life, it could hinder you from seeing the good or lead you astray to the negative. If you keep complaining, your friends might tell you to stop dwelling on it or, if they're really annoyed, they'll say, "Get over it!"
WORD FAMILY
dwell: dwelled, dweller, dwelling, dwells, dwelt, indwell+/dweller: dwellers/ dwelling: dwellings/indwell: indweller, indwelling, indwells, indwelt/indweller: indwellers
USAGE EXAMPLES
That this might be less a comedy and more a peep into how coercive control operates isn’t dwelled upon in these articles.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
It’s more difficult to dwell on good news.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Quinn doesn’t like to dwell in the past, but he conceded learning some valuable lessons that paid off this season.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vi. 居住; 存在于; 细想某事
时态：dwelt, dwelling, dwells
分布：居住(78%)，存在(12%)，冥想(5%)，详细阐述(5%)
→可能来自dheu, 灰尘，烟雾，词源同dust,dull. 引申词义走偏，栖息，随遇而安，居住。
v.住,居留The cellar-dweller yelled, "Fell the jellyfish burglar!"住地下室的人喊道:"打倒海蜇窃贼!"
[dwel] (dwelt or dwelled, dwelt or dwelled) formal
verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to live in a place or in a particular way 居住，栖身
• She dwelt in remote parts of Asia for many years. 她在亚洲偏远地区居住了很多年。
[dwel] (dwelt or dwelled, dwelt or dwelled) formal
verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
  Phrasal Verbs  dwell on sth
■to keep thinking or talking about something, especially something bad or unpleasant 老是想着，一直在说（尤指不好或令人不快之事）
• In his speech, he dwelt on the plight of the sick and the hungry. 演讲时他一直在说遭受疾病和饥饿折磨的人们所处的困境。
dwell, inhabit, reside, settle, lodge, live
这组词都有“居住、定居”的意思，其区别是：
dwell: 文学上的用词，口语中通常用live代替。
inhabit: 强调人或动物居住在某个地区并已适应某种特殊环境。
reside: 书面用词，指合法的永久性居住，也指在豪华的住宅里居住。
settle: 侧重指某人定居于城市、国家或地区，而不指居住的住所。
lodge: 指短时间或临时住宿。
live: 最普通用词，指固定的居住，可以是长期的，也可以是临时的。
vi. 居住；存在于；细想某事
 - belong, room, harbor, live, reside in

Word: infamous
Front: infamous
[ˈɪnfəməs] (四托 7661/11420 -1)
Vocabulary: infamous
(once / 801 pages)
adj
Someone who is infamous has a very bad reputation. If you become a Hollywood star and find yourself on the pages of gossip magazines for your affairs and addictions, you will have succeeded in becoming infamous.
Infamous is from Latin infamis, for negative fame. If you're bad but unknown, then you're not infamous — it's reserved for those wicked and well-known people that capture our collective imagination. It is a strong and resonant term. Some synonyms are notorious, disgraceful, and odious. The stress is on the first syllable.
WORD FAMILY
infamous: infamously+/ infamy: infamies, infamous
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I’m not an email person myself,” Trump echoed during that infamous July news conference in which he invited Russia to hack Hillary Clinton’s email.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
You may remember white nationalist leader Jared Taylor from Hillary Clinton’s infamous campaign ad linking Donald Trump to the fringe movement.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
The team’s infamous “tuck rule” playoff loss to the Patriots 15 years ago seems so less cruel and unusual when comparing season-impaling events.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 声名狼藉的; 无耻的，伤风败俗的; [法]（因犯重罪）被剥夺公权的; 很差的，低劣的
分布：臭名昭著的(87%)，无耻的(13%)
→in-,不，非，famous,好名声的，著名的。
【记】famous（adj 著名的）；fame（n 名望；名声）
【反】estimable（adj 可尊敬的；可估计的）
adjective
■famous for something considered bad 臭名昭著的，声名狼藉的
• The list included the infamous George Drake, a double murderer. 名单中包括臭名昭著的双重杀人犯乔治‧德雷克。
• He's infamous for his bigoted sense of humour. 他以那种带有偏执的幽默感而臭名昭著。
adj. 声名狼藉的；无耻的；邪恶的；不名誉的
 - evil, ill, black, ugly, notorious

Word: onshore
Front: onshore
[ˈɒnʃɔ:(r)] (22611/24064)
Vocabulary: onshore
(once / 18584 pages)
adjadv
Use the adjective onshore to describe something that's headed toward the coast from the sea, or that's located on dry land. An onshore wind blows in from the ocean.
An onshore breeze is wonderful on a hot summer day, especially if you can spend that day on the beach. If you're on a boat, a strong onshore wind is something to be concerned about, since it will tend to blow your boat toward the land. The oil industry uses onshore to distinguish between oil rigs and wells that are in the ocean and those that are on the land, or onshore.
WORD FAMILY
onshore: onshores
USAGE EXAMPLES
It oversees a lot of oil, gas, and coal development, both onshore and offshore.
Slate(Dec 14, 2016)
During the campaign, Trump expressed support for lifting moratoriums on energy production in federal areas that are both onshore and offshore.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Affected onshore areas would be restored after the completion of the project, the documents showed.
Reuters(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: adj. 海岸的; 在岸上的; 在近岸处的; 朝着岸的
分布：向陆地(50%)，在岸上的(50%)
US ['ɑ:n.ʃɔ:r] adjective adverb
■moving towards land from the sea, or on land rather than at sea 向岸上（的），向陆地（的）；陆上（的）
• onshore winds 吹向陆地的海风
• onshore oil reserves 陆上石油储备
Compare offshore
adj. 陆上的； [海洋] 向着海岸的
 - telluric, overland

Word: rainbow
Front: rainbow
[ˈreɪnbəʊ] (高研四六托 7427/5699 -2)
Vocabulary: rainbow
(once / 730 pages)
n
That colorful arc you sometimes see in the sky right after it stops raining? That's a rainbow.
The scientific explanation for a rainbow's appearance is that light is refracted in water droplets, briefly revealing the full visible spectrum of light — all of the colors that make it up. While there are actually about a hundred colors in the visible spectrum, we tend to describe a rainbow as having six or seven. In Old English, there were two words for this phenomenon: scurboga, or "shower-bow," proved to be less popular than renboga, "rain bow."
WORD FAMILY
rainbow: rainbows
USAGE EXAMPLES
There were shades of a scorpion kick, albeit with only one leg; a rainbow flick or whatever else the gamers want to call it.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
The production also featured the puppets Zippy & George from the TV show Rainbow and a digital projection of comedian Ken Dodd.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
In her last public message on Facebook, she posted a watercolor painting of two people holding hands under a rainbow.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 彩虹
adj. 五彩缤纷的; 彩虹状的
vt. &vi. 使呈彩虹状
分布：彩虹(98%)，幻想(1%)，五彩缤纷的排列(1%)
→rain,雨水，bow,弓。比喻用法。
n.虹All the children run out to see the rainbow.孩子们都跑出来看彩虹.
US [-boʊ] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■an arch (= curved shape) of different colours seen in the sky when rain is falling and the sun is shining 彩虹；虹
• The tropical butterfly's wings were shimmering with all the colours of the rainbow. 热带蝴蝶的翅膀像彩虹一样闪烁着五彩缤纷的色彩。
n. [气象] 彩虹；五彩缤纷的排列；幻想
 - fancy, fantasy
adj. 五彩缤纷的；彩虹状的
 - multicolour, pavonine

Word: grove
Front: grove
[grəʊv] (六宝 7155/6481 -2)
Vocabulary: grove
(once / 422 pages)
n
A grove can be an orchard or a clump of trees that doesn't have much undergrowth and occupies a contained area, like an orange grove or a small shady grove of oak trees where you can have a picnic.
You wouldn't call a forest or a large woods a grove — that's too big. And you wouldn't call two or three trees a grove either — that's too small. A grove is somewhere in between. You'll often hear the word refer to a group of trees cultivated by humans, often for commercial purposes, such as an apple grove planted to supply produce to grocery stores.
WORD FAMILY
grove
USAGE EXAMPLES
Halfway to their destination — a Holiday Inn in Elk Grove, Calif. — they asked Avila to turn up the music, he said.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Silicon Valley saw a giant depart in Andrew S. Grove, who led the semiconductor revolution at Intel.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
And maybe the computer elite here will continue to grow and prosper, and I am only channeling my inner Andy Grove.
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 小树林; 果树林，果园
分布：小树林(96%)，果树园(4%)
→来自古英语graf, 树丛。词源不详，可能同group.
【记】grow five－只长五棵树－小树林
【参】groove（n 唱片等的凹槽）；联想中间的2个OOgrovel（v 奴颜婢膝）一起记
US [groʊv] noun countable
■a group of trees planted close together 树丛，小树林
• Orange groves grow around the village. 村子周围是一些柑橘园。
Grove
■used in some road and place names （用于道路名或地方名）路，街，园
• Camberwell Grove 坎伯威尔路
UK [grəʊv] US [groʊv] noun countable
the groves of academe
■universities considered as a whole （总称）大学，大学院校
• It's yet another novel set in the groves of academe. 这是又一部以大学为背景的小说。
bushes, jungle, forest, plantation, woods, grove
这组词都有“林，树林”的意思，其区别是：
bushes: 指灌木丛，矮树林。
jungle: 特指热带的丛林。
forest: 多指树木高大，面积大、人迹罕至的原始森林。
plantation: 指人造林。
woods: 指面积不大的树林或小块的树林。
grove: 通常指面积较小，树木整齐，地面干净的小树林，尤指果林。
n. [林] 小树林；果园
 - bosket, orchard garden

Word: wrath
Front: wrath
[rɒθ] (六托宝 9893/11278 -1)
Vocabulary: wrath
(once / 215 pages)
n
Wrath is great anger that expresses itself in a desire to punish someone: Noah saw the flood as a sign of the wrath of God.
Wrath is also used figuratively of things that behave in a violent way: Earthquakes are the wrath of the sea. This noun and the corresponding adjective wrathful are in literary use but are formal or old-fashioned words, that crop up in fantasy fiction or movies set in prehistoric times.
WORD FAMILY
wrath: wrathful, wraths+/wrathful: wrathfully
USAGE EXAMPLES
Achilles’ defining attribute—it’s the first word of the Iliad—is mēnin, usually translated as “wrath” or “rage.”
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
When he was younger, concerned parents pulled their children off the football field, sparing them the wrath of the bruising, hard-hitting grade-schooler.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
United also probably concluded that it wasn’t worth risking the wrath of the incoming commander in chief.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. 愤怒; 激怒
分布：愤怒(90%)，激怒(10%)
→来自wreit,弯，转，扭曲，词源同wreath,writhe。引申词义愤怒，尤指神的愤怒。
【记】wra＝wry（v 扭曲），th死：想wry死你，是因为wrath。源于：wreak（v 发泄怒火；报仇）
US [rɑ:θ] formal or old-fashioned
noun uncountable
■extreme anger 愤怒；愤慨
• The people feared the wrath of God. 人们害怕上帝发怒。
fury, anger, wrath, rage, indignation
这组词都有“愤怒”的意思，其区别是：
fury: 语气最强，指极端的气愤，甚至达到发疯的程度。
anger: 普通用词，通常指因受到侮辱、损害、指责或顶撞等而引起的愤怒。
wrath: 文学用词，含义与anger相近，但语气强，含欲加惩罚或报复的意味。
rage: 侧重突然而猛列发作，难以控制的大怒。
indignation: 较正式用词，指出于正义或对不公正之事而发出的愤怒。
n. 愤怒；激怒
 - anger, rage

Word: vent
Front: vent
[vent] (六托雅宝 7608/9816 -1)
Vocabulary: vent
(once / 347 pages)
nv
When you vent, you let something out, whether it's hot air or your feelings. If you vent your feelings, you let out a strong and sometimes angry emotion and just say what you think.
You might vent your rage when your brother once again gets out of doing his chores. You also might vent something to air it out. If it's too hot inside your car, vent it by opening a window. The noun vent refers to a hole that lets air escape. A clothes dryer has a vent that sends hot air outside. A vent in nature is a crack in the earth's surface that lets hot gas and lava escape — like a volcano.
WORD FAMILY
vent: vented, venter, ventilate, venting, vents+/ hyperventilate: hyperventilated, hyperventilates, hyperventilating, hyperventilation/vented: unvented/venter: venters, ventral /ventilate: hyperventilate, ventilated, ventilates, ventilating, ventilation, ventilator, ventilatory/ventilated: unventilated/ ventilation: ventilations/ventilator: ventilators/venting: ventings/ ventral: ventrally
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s important not to place plants near air-conditioning or heating vents.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 01, 2017)
On one side was Mr. Kerry, venting years of frustration on behalf of President Obama and himself at what they consider Israeli intransigence.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Mr. Baldwin continued venting early Friday by saying he wanted to perform at Mr. Trump’s inauguration.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 通风孔; 排气孔; （感情等的）发泄，吐露; （鸟，虫，鱼的）肛门
vt. & vi. 表达，发泄（感情，尤指愤怒）; 给…开孔; 放出; （通过排泄等）减轻压力
时态：vented, venting, vents
分布：发泄(63%)，排放(14%)，火山口(8%)，排气口(8%)，表达(7%)
→来自拉丁语ventus,通风，词源同wind,引申词义出口，通风口。
通风口,出气孔[vent=wind,表示"风"]
noun
OPENING 开口
countable
■a small opening which allows air, smoke or gas to enter or leave a closed space 通风口；排气口
• If you have a gas fire in a room, you should have some kind of outside vent. 如果你的屋里有煤气炉，那你就应该有个通向外面的排气口。
countable
■a cut in the bottom of a piece of clothing to allow the person wearing it to move more easily （衣物的）开衩，衩口
• The skirt is long and straight with two side vents. 这条裙子是很长的直筒裙，两侧开衩。
[vent] noun
EXPRESS FEELINGS 表达感情
give vent to sth
■to express a negative emotion in a forceful and often unfair way （常指不公地）发泄（负面情绪）
• The meeting will be an opportunity for everyone to give vent to their feelings. 这次会议将给每个人一吐为快的机会。
[vent] verb transitive
■to express a negative emotion in a forceful and often unfair way 发泄，表达（负面的情绪）
• Please don't shout - there's no need to vent your frustration/anger/rage/spleen on me. 请不要大吵大闹——没有必要把气撒在我身上。
n. （感情的）发泄；出口； [机] [矿业] 通风孔
 - exit, way out
vt. 发泄感情；放出…；给…开孔
 - relieve one's feelings
vi. 放出；（通过排泄等）减轻压力
 - reel out, let off

Word: resurgent
Front: resurgent
[rɪˈsɜ:dʒənt] (20056/33168)
Vocabulary: resurgent
(once / 4486 pages)
adj
Something resurgent comes back to life or is reinvigorated. An old song's popularity might be resurgent after it's featured on the soundtrack of a popular new movie.
When things fall out of favor or stop being active and then experience a burst of energy or interest, they're resurgent. After a period of very conservative political control, resurgent liberal beliefs could lead to a progressive president being elected. And if people get bored with new technology and gadgets, there may be a resurgent interest in hardcover books and Polaroid cameras. In Latin, resurgere means "rise again."
WORD FAMILY
resurgent: resurgence +/ resurge: resurged, resurgent, resurges, resurging/ resurgence: resurgences/ surge: resurge, surged, surges, surging/surging: surginger, surgingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
In a real sense this would shape the allies’ interwar response to a resurgent Germany under the Nazis.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
The resurgent Wizards flew to Houston on Sunday, where the boogeyman of any defensive scheme resides.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“Destroy the United Nations,” said a Tuesday headline in Resurgent.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 复活的，复兴的
分布：复活的(73%)，再起的(27%)
→来自拉丁语 resurgere,再升起，再举起，来自 re-,再，surgere,升起，缩写自 surrigere,来自 sur-, 向上，regere,拉直，升直，词源同 surge,regulate,erect.引申词义复兴的，复活的。
复兴的,恢复的(re再次+surg+ent→再次升起来→恢复的)[surg=rise,表示"升起"]
【记】re反复，surge浪潮，nt－重起浪潮－复兴的
【反】in decline（衰退）；waning vitally（迅速衰落）
US [-'sɝ:-] formal
adjective
■increasing again, or becoming popular again 复兴的；再次增长的；再度流行的
• resurgent inflation 再度爆发的通货膨胀
• Many people were critical of the resurgent militarism in the country. 很多人对该国军国主义再度兴风作浪持批判态度。
adj. 复活的；复苏的
 - revivatory, redivious

Word: airspace
Front: airspace
[ˈeəspeɪs] (高 16254/23446)
Back: n. 领空，（某国的）空域
分布：领空(52%)，空域(32%)，空间(8%)，上空(7%)，广播时间(1%)
US ['er-] noun uncountable
■the air or sky above a country, which is considered to belong to that country 领空；（某国的）空域
• The government claimed that the plane had illegally entered its airspace. 该政府宣称这架飞机非法进入其领空。
n. [航] 空域；领空；空间
 - vacuum, room

Word: continuously
Front: continuously
[kən'tɪnjʊəslɪ] (6940/5930 -K)
Vocabulary: continuously
(once / 1359 pages)
adv
Something that happens continuously doesn't stop. If you enter a dance marathon, dancing continuously for an entire day, it means that you keep dancing — without even one break — for 24 hours.
The Latin root of continuously is continuare, or "join together, or connect."Anything that's done continuously happens without any interruption. When it rains continuously for three days, there isn't a single dry moment during that time, and if your friend laughs continuously for ten minutes, you'll start to worry that there's something seriously wrong with her.
WORD FAMILY
continuous: continuity, continuously, continuousness, discontinuous, noncontinuous+/ continuity: continuities/ continuum: continua, continuous /discontinuity: discontinuities/discontinuous: discontinuity, discontinuously
USAGE EXAMPLES
Distributors do not want to risk alienating more customers by continuously raising their rates.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Cook, stirring continuously, until the mixture thickens to a custard.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The sixteenth notes in the violins unspool almost continuously, suggesting the transmission of the Lord’s name through all lands.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adv. 连续不断地，接连地; 时时刻刻; 连着; 直
分布：不断地(50%)，连续地(50%)
ADJ
连续不断的;持续的;不中断的
A continuous process or event continues for a period of time without stopping.
例：Residents report that they heard continuous gunfire.居民们报告说他们听到了连续不断的枪声。
例：...all employees who had a record of five years' continuous employment with the firm...所有在公司连续任职达5年的员工
ADJ
(线、表面等)连续的，没有间隔的
A continuous line or surface has no gaps or holes in it.
例：...a continuous line of boats.一排船只
例：...the continuous frieze of sculpted figures.一条人物雕像构成的檐壁
ADJ
(动词)进行式的
In English grammar, continuous verb groups are formed using the auxiliary 'be' and the present participle of a verb, as in 'I'm feeling a bit tired' and 'She had been watching them for some time'. Continuous verb groups are used especially when you are focusing on a particular moment.

Word: autism
Front: autism
[ˈɔ:tɪzəm] (9199/45761)
Vocabulary: autism
(once / 4130 pages)
n
Autism is a neurological condition that's marked by differences in learning styles, passionate interests in specific subjects, repetitive motion, and sometimes difficulty with language and communication.
The word autism is taken directly from the Greek root auto, meaning “self.” Because autistic people may display a wide variety of characteristics, autism is defined as a range of conditions, known as the autism spectrum. This spectrum varies from those who have a hard time with social interaction to people who aren't able to speak. In some cases, autism is a diagnosis given by a doctor, while in others it's embraced by a person who self-identifies as autistic. A person who has autism is described as autistic.
WORD FAMILY
autism: autisms, autistic +/ autistic: autistically
USAGE EXAMPLES
There is no link between vaccines and autism.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
And this year, the lab started a partnership with Bellevue College’s Autism Spectrum Navigators program, and is offering students with autism a chance to intern.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
New research is showing that female children with autism often display unique traits, leading many to be misdiagnosed.
Salon(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 孤独症，自我中心主义
分布：自闭症(62%)，孤独症(38%)
US ['ɑ:.tˌɪ-] noun uncountable
■a failure to develop social abilities, language and other communication skills to the usual level 孤独症；自闭症
• Autism is four times more common in boys than in girls. 男孩子患自闭症的发病率是女孩子的四倍。

Word: legalise
Front: legalise
['li:gəlaɪz] (-/21864)
Back: vt. 使合法化
vt. 使合法化（等于legalize）
 - legitimise, regularise

Word: ignite
Front: ignite
[ɪgˈnaɪt] (研六托雅宝 7393/11118 -1)
Vocabulary: ignite
(once / 1394 pages)
v
Ignite is a verb that means to start heat or a flame. Trying to ignite a match inside a dark fireworks factory is a really bad idea — one that can get you blown sky high.
The literal definition of ignite is to cause something to catch fire or burn. Dousing a house in gasoline and putting a lit match to the front door will surely cause the home to ignite. In its more figurative sense, ignite means to inspire intense feelings. A passionate kiss can ignite a fiery romance, but if one of the people doing the kissing is married to someone else, that kiss could ignite a spouse's fury.
WORD FAMILY
ignite: ignitable, ignited, igniter, ignites, ignitible, igniting, ignition, reignite +/igniter: igniters/ ignition: ignitions/ reignite: reignited, reignites, reigniting
USAGE EXAMPLES
The fuel was ignited by breaking fibers or friction.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
If these ignite a trade war, the adverse side effects may well backfire on U.S. workers and firms.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Jackson again struggled with sacks and turnovers, a pattern that ignited debate about his Heisman prospects.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. 点燃; 使燃烧; 使激动; 使灼热
vi. 点火; 燃烧
时态：ignited, igniting, ignites
分布：点燃(64%)，燃烧(16%)，引发(11%)，着火(8%)，使 ... 燃烧(1%)
→来自拉丁语ignis,火，来自egni,火，词源同Egni，印度火神。
点燃(ign火+ite)[-ite 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人或物"3.表动词"促成"]
点燃[ign=fire(点火)]
v.点火,引燃His ignorance of her dignity ignited her indignation.他对她的高贵的无知点燃了她的愤怒(之火).
【记】ign火
【参】igneous（adj 火的；火成的）；igneous rock 火成岩
【反】extinguish（vt 熄灭；压制）；douse（vt 把弄熄；弄湿）
verb
intransitive or transitive formal
■to (cause to) start burning or explode 点燃；（使）燃烧；（使）爆炸
• The fuel spontaneously ignites because of the high temperature and pressure. 燃料因高温和高压而自燃。
transitive
■to cause a dangerous, excited or angry situation to begin 激起
• The proposed restrictions have ignited a storm of protest. 拟议中的限制规定激起了抗议的浪潮。
ignite, light, fire, kindle
这组词都有“点燃、着火”的意思，其区别是：
ignite: 多用于科技文体，指使某物受热直到燃烧或发光，也可指用火花使易燃物迅速燃烧起来。
light: 普通用词，指点燃易燃物，使其能发光，满足各种需要。
fire: 普通用词，指将某物点燃使其燃烧起来，火势可大可小。
kindle: 指艰难或缓慢地把可燃料点燃，可用于比喻。
vt. 点燃；使燃烧；使激动
 - heat, light
vi. 点火；燃烧
 - burn, light the fire

Word: defector
Front: defector
[dɪˈfektə] (15798/23235)
Back: n. 逃兵，背叛者
分布：背叛者(62%)，叛离者(38%)
N-COUNT
叛逃者;背叛者;变节者
A defector is someone who leaves their country, political party, or other group, and joins an opposing country, party, or group.
n. 背叛者；逃兵；叛离者
 - cheater, lamaster

Word: nominally
Front: nominally
['nɒmɪnəlɪ] (17091/14690)
Vocabulary: nominally
(once / 1654 pages)
adv
Something nominally true is true in name only. This refers to things that are only titles or formalities. It’s the opposite of "really."
Words with the root nom relate to names, and nominally refers to situations where someone has a name or title that doesn't carry a lot of weight. Former Presidents are still called Mr. President, but they only nominally hold that title; they aren't really acting presidents anymore. A separated couple might be nominally married, even though they never see each other. Nominally is like “not really.”
WORD FAMILY
nominal: binominal, nominalism, nominally, nominals+/nominalism: nominalisms, nominalist, nominalistic/nominalist: nominalists
USAGE EXAMPLES
They control northwest Yemen, while Hadi and forces nominally loyal to him oversee portions of the south and east.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Though both countries are nominally peaceful democracies, political feuds and ethnic and religious discrimination are widely cited as factors motivating some citizens to flee.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Yet, many of you -- nominally well-educated NYT readers -- believe the race problem in this country is over and that blacks "need to stop whining."
New York Times(Aug 20, 2016)
Back: adv. 在名义上，表面地; 应名儿
分布：名义上地(55%)，有名无实地(45%)
ADJ
名义上的;有名无实的
You use nominal to indicate that someone or something is supposed to have a particular identity or status, but in reality does not have it.
例：As he was still not allowed to run a company, his wife became its nominal head...因为他仍未获准经营公司，他妻子成了名义上的老板。
例：I was brought up a nominal Christian.我成长为名不副实的基督徒。
ADJ
(价格或款项)微不足道的，象征性的
A nominal price or sum of money is very small in comparison with the real cost or value of the thing that is being bought or sold.
例：I am prepared to sell my shares at a nominal price...我做好了以极低价格卖掉自己股份的准备。
例：All the ferries carry bicycles free or for a nominal charge.所有的渡船都免费或以极低的收费运载自行车。
ADJ
(价值、比率或水平)名义的
In economics, the nominal value, rate, or level of something is the one expressed in terms of current prices or figures, without taking into account general changes in prices that take place over time.
例：Inflation would be lower and so nominal rates would be rather more attractive in real terms...通货膨胀会更低，因此名义利率换算成实际利率会更具吸引力。
例：In 1990 personal incomes grew a nominal 6.8 per cent.1990年个人收入名义上增长了6.8％。
adv. 名义上地；有名无实地
 - titularly

Word: stole
Front: stole
[stəʊl] (30356/39538)
Back: n. 女用披肩
v. 偷( steal的过去式 ); 悄悄地做，悄悄地走
分布：女长袍(67%)，动词steal过去式.(33%)
→来自古英语 stole,长袍，圣带，来自拉丁语 stola,长袍，圣衣，祭衣，来自希腊语 stole,长袍， 来自 stellein,放置，穿上，来自 stel,放置，站立，词源同 stall,still.引申词义披肩，围巾。
US [stoʊl] verb past simple of
■steal
UK [stəʊl] US [stoʊl] noun countable formal
■a long narrow piece of cloth or fur which is worn around the shoulders by women, usually on special occasions 女用披肩，女用长围巾
• a mink stole 貂皮围巾
specialized
■a long narrow piece of cloth, especially silk, which is worn over the shoulders by some priests in the Christian Church during religious ceremonies （某些教士举行宗教仪式时披戴的、尤为丝质的）圣带
v. 偷窃，偷盗（steal的过去式）
 - pilfered

Word: reviewer
Front: reviewer
[rɪˈvju:ə(r)] (高 8282/10297)
Back: n. 评论家，评论者
分布：评论者(72%)，书评作者(20%)，报刊评论员(8%)
→来自 review,写评论。
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■someone who writes articles expressing their opinion of a book, play, film, etc. 评论家
n. 评论者，评论家
 - critic, commenter

Word: submission
Front: submission
[səbˈmɪʃn] (托宝 8114/4179 -1)
Vocabulary: submission
(once / 508 pages)
n
If a teacher asks for your submission, she might want you to obey her every command like a drone or, on the other hand, she may want just you to turn something in for her approval.
The noun submission is the act of giving in to a stronger power. If someone winds up in jail, the guards there will demand the prisoner's submission. Alternatively, this word can refer to something that you submit to someone else. If you write an article and send it into a magazine to see if they will publish it, your article would be called a submission. Good luck!
WORD FAMILY
submission: submissions+/resubmit: resubmits, resubmitted, resubmitting/ submissive: submissively, submissiveness, unsubmissive/ submit: resubmit, submission, submissive, submits, submitted, submitter, submitting/submitter: submitters
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Times reserves the right to edit and publish any submissions online and/or in print.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“Syngenta does not pressure academics to draw conclusions and allows unfettered and independent submission of any papers generated from commissioned research.”
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The staff selected three of the most clever reader submissions to receive $100 restaurant gift cards.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 投降; 屈服，服从; 谦恭，柔顺; 提交，呈递
分布：提交(77%)，屈服(12%)，服从(11%)
→submit,屈服，投降，提交，递呈，-ss,过去分词格，-ion,名词后缀。
屈服(sub下面＋miss＋ion→放在下面→屈服)[Miss,mit=send,cast,表示"送,放出"]
【记】sub下面，miss送，ion－送到下面只能对别人恭顺
【参】submit（v 使服从；提交）
noun
GIVING 给
countable or uncountable
■the act of giving something for a decision to be made by others or a document formally given in this way 提交；呈递
• No date has yet been set for the submission of applications. 申请的提交日期还未确定。
• The final deadline for submissions is February 21st. 提交的最后期限是2月21日。
• [+ that] formal The judge will hear the defence's submission (= suggestion) that the case be dismissed. 法官将听取被告方撤销该案的意见。
[səb'mɪʃ.ən] noun
ACCEPTING 接受
uncountable
■when a person or group allows someone or something to have power over them 顺从，屈服；不得以接受
• They thought the country could be bombed into submission. 他们认为轰炸可以使该国屈服。
• The teachers agreed to a special meeting, in submission to parents' demands. 在家长的要求下，老师只得同意召开特别会议。
n. 投降； [计] 提交（物）；服从；（向法官提出的）意见；谦恭
 - opinion, compliance, view, comment, mind

Word: vaunt
Front: vaunt
[vɔ:nt] (33416/32690)
Vocabulary: vaunt
(once / 2437 pages)
vn
To vaunt is to brag and boast and flaunt and go on and on about how great something is. It's over-the-top showing off, and when you taunt and exaggerate your greatness, you vaunt to the point of no longer seeming so great.
From the Latin vānitāre — which comes from vānus, meaning "vain" or "empty" — vaunt is a verb for taking praise too far or talking something up too much. Even if it's earned or deserved bragging, vaunting about something gets old and loses it impact. Other times, vaunt, as a noun, is a sure sign that a hard sell is going on — someone is talking big but can't deliver.
WORD FAMILY
vaunt: vaunted, vaunter, vaunting, vaunts+/vaunter: vaunters
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Husky defense was just as tough and stingy as the more vaunted Alabama defense.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The vaunted white working class might not like losing its Obamacare, much less Social Security and Medicare.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Yet, here is this vaunted genius opining in the august pages of the nation’s most revered newspaper.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vi. <文>吹嘘，自夸
vt. 吹牛，自吹，夸耀
n. 自吹自擂，大话，吹牛
时态：vaunted, vaunting, vaunts
分布：吹嘘(81%)，炫耀(19%)
【记】v代表胜利，aunt姑奶奶：在姑奶奶面前显示胜利－吹嘘
【反】deprecate（v 蔑视）；self-deprecating（adj 谦虚的）；understate（v 保守地说）；downplay（v 不予重视）
vi. 自夸；吹嘘
 - boast about, boast oneself of
vt. 自夸；吹嘘
 - boast about, boast oneself of

Word: aggrieve
Front: aggrieve
[ə'gri:v] (宝)
Vocabulary: aggrieve
(once / 2590 pages)
1v 2v
To aggrieve someone is a lousy thing to do. Not sure why? See the "grieve" in there, and you'll see why. It means to bring someone sorrow.
Which one of us is the aggrieved party? Well, considering it was you who let your pigs run roughshod over my lawn, I think it's clear that it's you who aggrieved me. Or, to put it another way, I've been aggrieved by you and your horrible hogs. When you're talking about interpersonal issues, to aggrieve someone is to hurt their feelings, but in the legal sense, it means something slightly different: it's not feelings that are hurt when one is aggrieved, but one's rights.
WORD FAMILY
aggrieve: aggrieved, aggrieves, aggrieving
USAGE EXAMPLES
Donald Trump’s bombastic campaign seemed like the terminal stage of aggrieved American machismo rather than simply the terminal stage of America.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
It’s usually a bad idea, even with the past year’s excess supply of aggrieved minority shareholders.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 23, 2016)
Decades later, an aggrieved father opened “The Godfather” with his own singular pledge of allegiance: “I believe in America.”
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: v. 令委屈，令苦恼，侵害
时态：aggrieved, aggrieving, aggrieves
分布：使 ... 受屈(50%)，使 ... 苦恼(50%)
使烦恼;伤心(ag增加+grieve加重→烦恼)[grav,griev=heavy,表示"重"]
【记】来自grieve（v （使）悲痛；（使）伤心；忧伤）
【反】gratify（vt 使满足）
vt. 使悲痛；冒犯；侵害…的合法权利
 - distress, give offense

Word: adaptation
Front: adaptation
[ˌædæpˈteɪʃn] (高托 5196/5438 -1)
Vocabulary: adaptation
(once / 881 pages)
1n 2n
Some people always read the book before seeing the movie adaptation of it: They want to get the real story before it's rewritten for film and imagine what all the characters look like before the wrong actors are chosen to play them.
Charles Darwin first used adaptation in 1859 to describe how an organism adapts and changes to become better suited to living in its habitat. Since then, the noun adaptation is often used to describe a change in behavior in response to new or modified surroundings, from learning to outrun a predator to wearing earplugs to block out your noisy neighbors. Or even changing that novel a bit to fit the demands of the big screen.
WORD FAMILY
adaptation: adaptational, adaptations+/ adapt: adaptable, adaptation, adaptative, adapted, adapter, adapting, adaption, adaptive, adaptor, adapts, readapt / adaptability: adaptabilities/ adaptable: adaptability, adaptably, unadaptable/adapted: unadapted/ adapter: adapters/adaption: adaptions/ adaptive: adaptively, nonadaptive/adaptor: adaptors/ readapt: readapted, readapting, readapts/unadaptable: unadaptability
USAGE EXAMPLES
This channel’s Steinbeck-inspired marathon begins with Elia Kazan’s adaptation of one of Steinbeck’s most beloved novels.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
That total already puts “Fences” in the box office neighborhood of such past play adaptations as “Doubt” and “Closer.”
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Denzel Washington directs and stars in the August Wilson adaptation, with Viola Davis playing a key supporting role.
Reuters(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 适应，顺应; 改编，改编本; 适应性的改变; 同化
分布：适应(79%)，改编(20%)，改编成的作品(1%)
适应,(书)改写本(adapt+ation→适应→适应(各种人)的书→改写本)[opt,ept=fit,ability,表示"适应,能力"]
noun
uncountable
■the process of changing to suit different conditions 适应
• Evolution occurs as a result of adaptation to new environments. 进化是生物适应新环境的结果。
countable
■a film, book, play, etc that has been made from another film, book, play, etc. （电影、书、剧本等的）改编
• Last year he starred in the film adaptation of Bill Cronshaw's best-selling novel. 去年他主演了那部由比尔‧克朗肖的畅销小说改编的电影。
n. 适应；改编；改编本，改写本
 - orientation, reorganization

Word: autocracy
Front: autocracy
[ɔ:ˈtɒkrəsi] (宝 22674/24174)
Vocabulary: autocracy
(once / 5475 pages)
n
An autocracy is a government controlled by one person with absolute power. As unlimited power doesn't usually bring out the best in people, autocracies are often brutal regimes.
The word autocracy comes from the Greek roots auto ("self") and kratos ("power"). If your boss dictates your every move and leaves you no say at all in how you do your work, then you're not in a democratic workplace, you're in an autocracy.
WORD FAMILY
autocracy: autocracies+/ autocrat: autocracy, autocratic, autocrats/ autocratic: autocratically
USAGE EXAMPLES
A full-on resistance to an accelerated crisis of autocracy and xenophobia is necessary.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Concern is rising among China’s elite that the nation is shifting toward a rigid form of autocracy ill-suited to managing a complex economy.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 26, 2016)
Few people cared about the tax issue; this was a protest against autocracy.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 独裁; 独裁统治; 独裁政体; 独裁政府
分布：独裁政治(50%)，独裁政府(50%)
→前缀auto-, 自己的。词根cracy, 管理。
专制(auto自己+cracy)[cracy=rule,表示"统治或政体";crat=ruler,表示"统治者"]
US [ɑ:'tɑ:.krə-] noun
uncountable
■government by a single person or small group that has unlimited power or authority, or the power or authority of such a person or group 独裁统治；独裁政体；独裁；专制
countable
■a country or society which has this form of government 独裁国家；专制国家
n. 独裁政治；专制政治；独裁政府；独裁统治的国家
 - monocracy, czarism

Word: chatter
Front: chatter
[ˈtʃætə(r)] (六 10403/10712 -1)
Vocabulary: chatter
(once / 418 pages)
1vn 2v
To chatter is to talk lightly or casually — to shoot the breeze or chitchat. You might chatter with your workmates about the weather or where you'll eat lunch.
You probably chatter with your friends all the time without even thinking about it, gossiping or talking about unimportant things. You can call the talk itself chatter too: "The chatter in the cafeteria was so loud I couldn't hear myself think." In the 13th century, it was chateren, from an imitative Middle English root.
WORD FAMILY
chatter: chattered, chatterer, chattering, chatters+/chatterer: chatterers/chattering: chatterings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The selection contains more of Chan’s paintings, which tend to be small; some hang over Baines pieces to spark visual chatter.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
You’ve seen and heard the reports and the chatter about the long list of well-known people who died in 2016.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Amid all the chatter, it was easy to miss that 2016 was also a turning point for fashions themselves.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vi. 唠叨，喋喋不休; （鸟等）鸣，啁啾; （牙齿，机器等）振动，打颤; 运动时摇摆或嘎嘎作响
vt. 不加思索地说出
n. 闲聊; 咔哒声; （动物的）啁啾声; 潺潺流水声
时态：chattered, chattering, chatters
分布：啁啾(48%)，饶舌(36%)，喋喋不休地谈(11%)，咔嗒作响(5%)
→来自chat. -er，表反复。
喋喋不休(chat聊天+ter)[-er 1.表名词"…人"2.表名词"物品,机器"3.表名词"反复做"]
US ['tʃætˌ.ɚ] verb intransitive
TALK/NOISE 谈话／嘈音
■to talk for a long time about things that are not important 唠叨；喋喋不休
• She spent the morning chattering away to her friends. 她和朋友闲聊了一个上午。
• He chattered on about nothing in particular. 他喋喋不休，却没讲甚么特别的东西。
■If animals chatter, they make quick repeated noises （指动物）叽叽喳喳，吱吱叫，咯咯叫
• The gun shot made the monkeys chatter in alarm. 枪声使那群猴子惊慌地吱吱乱叫。
UK ['tʃæt.ər] US ['tʃætˌ.ɚ] verb intransitive
TEETH 牙齿
■If your teeth chatter, they knock together repeatedly because you are very cold or frightened （牙齿因受冷或受惊而）咯咯作响，打颤
• I could hardly talk, my teeth were chattering so much. 我几乎说不了话，牙齿不停地打颤。
UK ['tʃæt.ər] US ['tʃætˌ.ɚ] noun uncountable
■conversation about things that are not important 喋喋不休的谈话；唠叨
• I can't concentrate with Ann's constant chatter. 安一直唠唠叨叨，我没法集中精神。
■the quick repeated noises that some animals make （动物的）鸣叫声，啁啾声，吱吱的叫声
• He could hear the chatter of birds in the trees overhead. 他听见鸟在头顶的树上叽叽喳喳的鸣叫。
vi. 唠叨；喋喋不休；（动物等）吱吱叫
 - rabbit on, harp on
vt. 喋喋不休地说；使卡嗒卡嗒作声
 - rattle on, rattle away
n. 唠叨；饶舌；（动物的）啁啾声；潺潺流水声
 - newsiness, garrulity

Word: broadway
Front: broadway
['brɔːd.weɪ] (5971/12061)
Back: 大路，宽阔的公路
分布：名词(100%)

Word: cooler
Front: cooler
[ˈku:lə(r)] (8045/18963 -1)
Back: n. （便携式）冷藏箱; 冷却器; 冷饮
分布：冷却器(97%)，监狱(3%)
US [-lɚ] noun countable US for cool box
• We've brought a cooler full of beer with us. 我们带了满满一冷藏箱的啤酒。
■mainly US
■a cold drink, usually of wine, fruit juice and fizzy (= with bubbles) water 冷饮，清凉饮料（尤指酒、果汁和汽水）
• a wine/fruit cooler 冰镇葡萄酒／果汁
n. [制冷] 冷却器；清凉剂
 - cooling unit, freshener

Word: courtroom
Front: courtroom
[ˈkɔ:tru:m] (4148/15460 -1)
Back: n. 法庭，审判室
分布：法庭(94%)，审判室(6%)
US ['kɔ:rt-] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a room where a court of law meets 法庭；审判室
• The accused entered the courtroom handcuffed to two police officers. 被告走进法庭，双手与两名警官铐在一起。
• It was a courtroom drama set in the 1960s. 这是一出以20世纪60年代为背景的法庭戏。
n. 法庭；审判室
 - forum, tribunal

Word: firepower
Front: firepower
[ˈfaɪəpaʊə(r)] (14254/20764 -1)
Back: n. 火量; 火力
分布：火力(100%)
US ['faɪr.paʊɚ] noun uncountable
■the number and size of guns that a military group has available （军队的）火力
• Although badly out-numbered by the enemy, we had vastly superior firepower. 尽管敌军兵力大大超过我方，但是我们的火力占绝对优势。
n. [军] 火力
 - thermal power, gunpower

Word: pesticide
Front: pesticide
[ˈpestɪsaɪd] (托雅宝 5225/6790 -2)
Vocabulary: pesticide
(once / 6090 pages)
n
A pesticide is a bug-killing poison. You may have to resort to using a pesticide to battle the ants that have invaded your kitchen, even if you hate killing any creature.
Pesticides are most often used to ward off insects or small animals living uninvited in a person's house, or in a garden or on a farm, when they are nibbling on plants or flowers. The Latin suffix cide means "killer," and in pesticide, it's combined with the English word pest, which means just what it sounds like — a troublesome annoyance.
WORD FAMILY
pesticide: pesticides
USAGE EXAMPLES
The first pesticide to be tested will be propoxur, which is commonly used against fleas and other insects.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Four minors died from chemical gas poisoning after a resident tried to fumigate a home in Amarillo, Texas with pesticide, fire officials told local media.
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
In the past, Western and local aid agencies regularly visited remote areas to spray pesticides and provide other assistance to prevent such diseases.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 杀虫剂，农药
分布：农药(73%)，杀虫剂(27%)
→pest,害虫，-cid,杀，词源同herbicide.
杀虫剂(pest害虫＋cide)[cid,cis=cut,kill,表示"切开,杀"]
【记】pest害虫，cide掉－能使害虫掉下来－杀虫剂；pestilent（adj 致命的）；pest害虫，il＝ill，ent＝end：害虫使你病结束
US [-tˌə-] noun countable or uncountable
■a chemical substance used to kill harmful insects, small animals, wild plants and other unwanted organisms 杀虫剂，农药
• The pesticides that farmers spray on their crops kill pests but they can also damage people's health. 农民在作物上喷洒的农药在杀死害虫的同时也会危害人们的健康。
Compare herbicide ; insecticide
n. [农药] 杀虫剂
 - insecticide, insect repellent, insect killer, insect spray, anabasin

Word: stalwart
Front: stalwart
[ˈstɔ:lwət] (宝 17482/18702 -1)
Vocabulary: stalwart
(once / 1277 pages)
adjn
To be stalwart is to be loyal, no matter what, like your friend who remains a devoted fan of an actor she's admired since childhood, even if that was the last time the guy made a decent movie.
Stalwart can describe someone who's able to keep on going even when things get hard, like a marathon runner who doesn't slow down, even after spraining an ankle, or a supporter of a political cause that everyone else has long declared over. In U.S. history, the word stalwart was used in 1877 to describe Republicans who remained unwilling to trust the South, even though the Civil War was long over by that time.
WORD FAMILY
stalwart: stalwartly, stalwartness, stalwarts
USAGE EXAMPLES
All kinds of companies, including century-old industrial stalwarts like General Motors and General Electric, are among the corporate giants acquiring tech start-ups of late.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
On the other, some of stalwart names in tech suffered through tough times and big layoffs.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
A gentle and wry bow-tied lawyer and stalwart of countless civic boards, Tom Lewis wears his gentility lightly.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 强壮的; 结实的; 坚定的; 可靠的
n. 高大健壮的人; 忠实拥护者
分布：坚定的(50%)，健壮的(29%)，坚定分子(21%)
→拼写变体形式自 stalworth,坚定的，坚决的，等同于 stall,固定位置，地方，worth,价值。
【记】sta站，l像枪，war战争，t他：他站在那里拿着枪准备参加战争的样子是－坚定勇敢的，身体健壮的
【参】stance（n 姿态；站姿）；standstill（n 停止；停顿）
【反】lank（adj 瘦的；细长的）；timorous＝timid（adj 胆小的）
US ['stɑ:l.wɚt] adjective
LOYAL 忠诚的
■loyal, especially for a long time; able to be trusted 忠实的，忠诚的；可靠的
• She has been a stalwart supporter of the party for many years. 她多年来一直是该党的忠实支持者。
UK ['stɔ:l.wət] US ['stɑ:l.wɚt] adjective
STRONG 强壮的 formal
■(especially of a person) physically strong （尤指人）强壮的，健壮的
UK ['stɔ:l.wət] US ['stɑ:l.wɚt] noun countable
■a person who has been loyal for a long time 忠诚的人，忠贞分子
• Let me introduce Bob, one of the club's stalwarts. 我来介绍一下鲍勃，俱乐部的忠贞分子之一。
adj. 坚定的；健壮的
 - committed, firm, confirmed, stable, decisive

Word: sear
Front: sear
[sɪə(r)] (托宝 14553/24328)
Vocabulary: sear
(once / 1065 pages)
vadj
To sear something is to quickly cook or burn its surface by applying intense heat. When making beef stew, the color and flavor are usually better if you sear the meat first.
Sear comes from the Old English word searian which meant “dry up” or “wither.” Typically, the verb sear now refers to burning or scorching something with heat, but if you see the phrase “wind-seared,” it means that a place — or something left in that place — has been withered by exposure to the elements. An unpleasant image can be seared into your memory, meaning you can't forget it.
WORD FAMILY
sear: seared, searing, searingly, sears
USAGE EXAMPLES
It's seared into his memory as the day his life changed forever.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
She previously won the competition’s student division in 2014 with her citrus seared duck breast with herb goat cheese dish.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The move signals Lampert remains committed to bankrolling Sears, even as the business suffers from dwindling sales and billions in red ink.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 烧焦
时态：seared, searing, sears
分布：烤焦(28%)，枯萎的(24%)，烤焦的(16%)，用强烈的感情影响(8%)，烤焦的痕迹(8%)，变得干枯(8%)，使 ... 干枯(8%)
→来自古英语 searian,使干枯，使枯萎，来自 Proto-Germanic*saurajan,使干枯，来自 saus, 干的，词源同 sere.
【记】s死，ear耳朵：把耳朵都烧死了。
US [sɪr] verb transitive
■to burn the surface of something with sudden very strong heat 燎；烧焦；烧灼
• The heat from the explosion seared their hands and faces. 爆炸的热浪灼伤了他们的手和脸。
■to fry a piece of meat quickly at a high temperature, in order to prevent liquid and flavour escaping from it （为防止汁液和味道溢出）高温快煎（肉）
■to have a strong unpleasant effect on someone's feelings or memories 给…留下极不愉快的感觉（或记忆）
• The disaster is indelibly seared into the villagers' memory. 这场灾难在村民的记忆中留下了挥之不去的烙印。
vt. 烤焦；使…枯萎
 - singe
vi. 干枯；烧焦；凋谢
 - sap rot, air burn
adj. 枯萎的；烤焦的
 - blasted, emarcid
n. 烙印；烧焦痕迹
 - brand, burn

Word: violently
Front: violently
[ˈvaɪələntli] (六 7809/6485 -K)
Back: adv. 激烈地; 暴力地; 狂暴地; 极度地
分布：猛烈地(60%)，暴力地(20%)，强烈地(20%)
adverb
 ADVANCED
■in a forceful way that causes people to be hurt 暴力地，狂暴地
• He claimed to have been violently assaulted while in detention. 他宣称在拘留期间曾遭到暴力殴打。
■strongly or extremely 激烈地，猛烈地
• She violently disagreed with what we said. 她强烈反对我们所说的。
• He was violently sick. 他非常不舒服。
adv. 猛烈地，激烈地；极端地
 - strongly, extremely, heavily, hard, fiercely

Word: vacant
Front: vacant
[ˈveɪkənt] (高研四六托 6751/6366 -1)
Vocabulary: vacant
(once / 306 pages)
adj
You can use the adjective vacant to describe something that is empty — an apartment with no tenant or furniture, a job with no worker, or a person with no brainpower.
Vacant has its roots in the Latin word meaning “empty” or “free.” It can mean “unoccupied,” such as that seat next to you on the train — even if you’ve put your coat there. A vacant look or stare, however, is one that shows no intelligence or the slightest spark of interest. One might find this vacant gaze in the eyes of a zombie or in the eyes of a teen who has spent the past five hours gaming.
WORD FAMILY
vacant: vacancy, vacantly+/ vacancy: vacancies
USAGE EXAMPLES
He said Mr. Obama might try instead to fill some of the five dozen other empty federal court judgeships that are vacant.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
After Saturday’s march, the crosses will be placed in a vacant lot on the city’s South Side.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
After Saturday’s march, the crosses will be placed in a vacant on the city’s South Side.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 空闲的; 空缺的; 空虚的; 茫然的
分布：空的(58%)，空虚的(37%)，木然的(5%)
→来自拉丁语vacare,空的，词源同vain.
空的;空闲的[vac,van,void=empty表示"空"]
a.空的,未占用的;空缺的;神情茫然的The signalman's signature sign is significant to the vacant vacation.信号员的签字符号对空假期具有重要意义.
adjective
EMPTY 空的
■not filled or occupied ; available to be used 空的；未被占用的
• The hospital has no vacant beds. 这家医院没有空床位。
Compare engaged A vacant job is one that no one is doing and is therefore available for someone new to do （工作职位）空缺的
• When the post fell (= became) vacant, Dennis Bass was appointed to fill it. 邓尼斯．巴斯被任命填补那个职位空缺。
['veɪ.kənt] adjective
NOT INTERESTED 不感兴趣的
■showing no interest or activity 无聊的；茫然的；没精打采的
• She had a vacant look/expression on her face. 她一脸的茫然。
open, blank, vacant, hollow, empty
这组词都有“空的”的意思，其区别是：
open: 指未被占有，从而可被别人得到的。
blank: 指上面没有写字、印刷或做记号的空白表面，或指上面留着准备被填写的空白处。
vacant: 普通用词，侧重某物或某个位置没有被占用。
hollow: 指物体中间是空的。
empty: 指空无一人或一物，或空洞无意义的。
free, vacant, empty
free: 空的，指清除了或缺少了某物，与of 或from连用。如：She is free from anxiety.(她无忧无虑。)She is free of him.(她摆脱了他。)
vacant: 空闲的，指地方没有被占用。如：One day, man can make full use of vacant space.(将来，人们会充分利用浩瀚的天空。)empty，vacant和相同的名词连用时，含义不同。如an empty house指房子里既无家具也无人，空荡荡的。而a vacant house指房子没有被人占用，里面可有家具，也可无家具。
empty: 空的，指里面什么东西都没有。如：The case is empty.(这是个空箱子。)
adj. 空虚的；空的；空缺的；空闲的；茫然的
 - available, empty, blank, leisure, hollow

Word: awakening
Front: awakening
[əˈweɪkənɪŋ] (12071/14325)
Vocabulary: awakening
(once / 770 pages)
n
An awakening is the act of waking up from sleep. It can also refer to other forms of new or sudden consciousness.
When you've been asleep, whether at night or during a nap, you wake up and regain consciousness. This is known as an awakening. However, this word is often used for more dramatic things than getting out of bed. Having a religious epiphany is an awakening. Deciding to get married could be considered an awakening. Any time you realize or accept something important and life-changing, it can be called an awakening, because it's almost like you were asleep before.
WORD FAMILY
awakening: awakenings+/ awake: awaked, awaken, awakes, awaking, awoke, awoken/ awaken: awakened, awakening, awakens, reawaken /awakened: unawakened/ reawaken: reawakened, reawakening, reawakens
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s not only his awakening that baffles medical science; he is also in fine physical shape despite a dozen years of immobility.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Must-hear episode: “Awakening Consciousness in Shadowy Times,” an episode that explains how to stop fixating on failure.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
Ms. Fox calls her first months on the new job a rude awakening.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 觉醒中的; 唤醒的; 觉悟的; （兴趣等）正在产生的
n. 觉醒; 被激起; 意识; 觉悟
v. （使）醒(awaken的现在分词); （使）意识到
分布：觉醒(94%)，唤醒的(3%)，醒悟(1%)，觉醒中的(1%)，动词awaken的现在分词形式.(1%)
noun only singular
■when you start to understand something or feel something 觉醒，醒悟；认识，意识
• a religious awakening 宗教意识的觉醒
• the awakening of public concern about the environment 公众对环境开始关注
• He's in for a rude awakening (= will be shocked) when he starts work! 他开始做时就会大吃一惊！
n. 觉醒；唤醒；认识
 - awareness, knowledge, cognition
v. 唤醒；唤起（awaken的ing形式）
 - exciting, invoking

Word: architectural
Front: architectural
[ˌɑ:kɪˈtektʃərəl] (托 5276/5089)
Back: adj. 建筑学的; 建筑上的; 有关建筑的; 符合建筑法的
分布：建筑的(74%)，建筑学的(26%)
US [ˌɑ:r.kɪ'tek.tʃɚ-] adjective
■relating to architecture 建筑的；建筑学的
• architectural drawings/plans 建筑图纸／平面图
• a building of architectural interest 具有建筑学价值的大楼

Word: bluntly
Front: bluntly
[ˈblʌntli] (六 12138/11512)
Back: adv. 钝地; 率直地; 迟钝地
分布：迟钝地(45%)，钝地(33%)，直率地(22%)
adverb
■If you speak bluntly, you speak without trying to be polite or considering other people's feelings 直言不讳
• She told me bluntly that I should lose weight. 她直言不讳地告诉我我应该减肥。
• To put it bluntly, I can't afford it. 坦率地说，我买不起。
adv. 坦率地，直率地；迟钝地
 - freely, directly, straight

Word: darken
Front: darken
[ˈdɑ:kən] (8464/8998 -1)
Back: vt. & vi. （使）变暗; （使）模糊
时态：darkened, darkening, darkens
分布：变暗(67%)，使变暗(19%)，使阴郁(14%)
变黑(dark黑)[-en 1.表动词"变成"2.表形容词"由…制成",通常加在名词后面3.表名词"人或物"]
US ['dɑ:r-] verb intransitive
■to become dark 变黑，变暗
• The sky darkened as thick smoke billowed from the blazing oil well. 燃烧的油井冒出滚滚浓烟，天都黑了。
UK ['dɑ:.kən] US ['dɑ:r-] verb intransitive
not darken sb's door literary
■used to tell someone to never come back to a place 不要再登（某人）的门；别再回到…地方
• Never darken my door again! 以后不准再进我的家门！
vt. 使变暗；使模糊
 - fog, becloud
vi. 变黑；变得模糊
 - black, grow dark

Word: diverge
Front: diverge
[daɪˈvɜ:dʒ] (六托宝 13852/12262 -1)
Vocabulary: diverge
(once / 996 pages)
v
When two roads diverge, they split and go in different directions. If your opinion diverges from mine, we do not agree. To diverge means to move apart or be separate.
The poet, Robert Frost, wrote: "Two roads diverged in a wood, and I -/ I took the one less traveled by / And that has made all the difference." The word diverge in the poem carries both the meaning of separating and of being apart from the main. As a poet, it was Frost's job to use words properly. Here he does not diverge from this role.
WORD FAMILY
diverge: diverged, divergency, divergent, diverges, diverging+/ divergence: divergences/divergency: divergencies/ divergent: divergence, divergently/diverging: divergingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
And third economic policy, Trump shows no signs of diverging from Reagan’s trickle-down legacy, despite his populist campaign bluster.
Salon(Dec 26, 2016)
Both said that while there’s nothing explicitly illegal about the charity fundraising, it diverges from the best practices of previous White House administrations.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
It’s called a diverging diamond because it shifts vehicles to the opposite side of the road, eliminating left turns in front of oncoming traffic.
Washington Post(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: vi. 分开，叉开; 分歧; 偏离，背离; [数]发散，无极限
vt. 使发散; 使偏离
时态：diverged, diverging, diverges
分布：分歧(79%)，分叉(21%)
→di-, 分开，散开，来自dis-变体。-verge, 转，词源同converge, versus. 即转开，分叉。
【记】di分开，verge（转移（脚步、目光等）的方向）－离题
【参】converge（v 聚合；集中于一点）；divergence（n 分歧）＝disagreement
【反】come together（集中）
US [dɪ'vɝ:dʒ] verb intransitive
■to follow a different direction, or to be or become different （道路）分叉；出现差异；发生分歧
• They walked along the road together until they reached the village, but then their paths diverged. 他们一直沿着那条路走到那个村子，然后才分道扬镳。
• Although the two organizations have worked together for many years, their objectives have diverged recently. 虽然这两个组织在一起合作了很多年，但它们的目标近来出现了分歧。
Opposite converge
diverge, deviate
这组词都有“偏离，离轨”的意思，其区别是：
diverge: 指从一主道分成Y形。
deviate: 强调离开思想、行动或规则的惯例。
vi. 分歧；偏离；分叉；离题
 - stray from, deviate from
vt. 使偏离；使分叉
 - deviate

Word: influenza
Front: influenza
[ˌɪnfluˈenzə] (托 12570/19731)
Vocabulary: influenza
(once / 3463 pages)
n
An influenza is a contagious viral infection. Influenzas tend to spread during the winter, and they're more commonly known as the flu.
If you've ever wondered why this word looks so much like influence, that’s because both come from the Italian influentia. The original idea was a flowing in — of ethereal fluid from the heavens, thus affecting human destiny. We know now influenza is caused by viruses, not heavenly fluid. When you have an influenza, you're likely to vomit, have diarrhea, be exhausted, and feel terrible overall. One way to prevent influenza is by getting a flu shot.
WORD FAMILY
influenza: influenzas
USAGE EXAMPLES
The department said Thursday that a Tulsa County resident died of influenza during the weekly reporting period that ended Tuesday.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Of those hospitalized with influenza, 63 percent were 65 or older.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The department said Thursday that a Johnston County resident died of influenza during the weekly reporting period that ended Tuesday.
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. <医>流行性感冒; [兽医]家畜流行性感冒; 流感
分布：流行性感冒(100%)
→in-,进入，使，-flu,流动，词源同fluid,fluent.引申词义传染性疾病，现用于指流感。
noun uncountable formal for
■ flu
n. [中医] [内科] 流行性感冒（简写flu）；家畜流行性感冒
 - grippe, feveret

Word: exaggeration
Front: exaggeration
[ɪgˌzædʒəˈreɪʃn] (托宝 10878/9504)
Vocabulary: exaggeration
(once / 940 pages)
n
If you're prone to exaggeration, it means you habitually overstate the truth. If you have a dog and a hamster, it would be an exaggeration to describe yourself as "practically Doctor Dolittle," living in a house full of animals.
When you make something showier, or more noticeable than normal, that's also called exaggeration. The exaggeration of your hand movements might be necessary on stage so the audience can see them, but in real life it just looks silly. Exaggeration comes from the Latin word exaggerare, which means to magnify or to heap or pile on.
WORD FAMILY
exaggeration: exaggerations+/ exaggerate: exaggerated, exaggerates, exaggerating, exaggeration / exaggerated: exaggeratedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The first description is probably an exaggeration, and the second is simply false.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
When we’re being criticized by someone who wants an apology, we automatically listen for the inaccuracies, distortions and exaggerations that will inevitably be there.
Time(Dec 28, 2016)
Either Hap doesn’t count, or this is just an exaggeration.
Time(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 夸张; 夸大; 夸张的言语; 夸张的手法
分布：夸张(75%)，夸大(25%)
noun countable or uncountable
 ADVANCED
■when someone makes something seem larger, more important, better or worse than it really is 夸张；夸大；言过其实
• Sal reckons over sixty people were there but I think that's a slight exaggeration. 萨尔估计那边有60几人，但我觉得有点夸张。
• [+ to infinitive] It would be no exaggeration to say that her work has saved lives. 她的工作挽救了很多生命，这样说一点也不夸张。
n. 夸张；夸大之词；夸张的手法
 - inflation, grandiosity

Word: indifferent
Front: indifferent
[ɪnˈdɪfrənt] (研四六托雅宝 8368/7546 -1)
Vocabulary: indifferent
(once / 134 pages)
1adj 2adj 3adj 4adj
If you're indifferent about something, you don't care much about it one way or another. You might feel indifferent about politics, changing the channel whenever the TV news comes on.
People seem indifferent when they're obviously unconcerned — an indifferent observer of a tennis match is clearly not rooting for either player, and an indifferent voter might choose a candidate at the last minute by flipping a coin. A slightly less common meaning of indifferent is "unbiased or impartial," which you can see in its root, the Old French indifferent, or "impartial." In this sense of the word, we all hope our laws and legal system are indifferent.
WORD FAMILY
indifferent: indifference, indifferenter, indifferently+/ differ: differed, different, differing, differs/ difference: differences, differential, differentiate / different: difference, differently, indifferent / differential: differentially, differentials/ differentiate: dedifferentiate, differentiable, differentiated, differentiates, differentiating, differentiation, differentiator/differentiated: dedifferentiated, undifferentiated/ differentiation: dedifferentiation, differentiations/ indifference: indifferences
USAGE EXAMPLES
By his own account an indifferent student in public school, Tyrus found his calling at the institute, now the Otis College of Art and Design.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
All the while, the instruments churn through their material, indifferent to the singer’s plight.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
When one thinks in an adopted language, one arranges and rearranges words that are neutral, indifferent even.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 漠不关心的; 无关紧要的; 中立的; 中等的
分布：无关紧要的(41%)，漠不关心的(34%)，中立的(21%)，平凡的(4%)
→in-,不，非，different,不同的。即没有不同的，引申词义冷淡的。
冷漠的(in+different不同的→同与不同的"事不关已"→冷漠的)[im-,in-①表示"不,无,非"②表示"向内,进入"]
冷漠的,不关心的(in不+different不同→同与不同无所谓→冷漠的)[fer=bring,carry,表示"带来,拿来"]
a.冷漠的,不关心的,不积极的I infer that he is indifferent to differentiating the offers in different conferences.我推断他对区分不同会谈中的报价漠不关心.
【记】因为这些人的志向与我different（adj 不同的）所以我漠不关心
【反】avid（adj 渴望的；热情的）avi飞，d的；fervor（n 热情；炽热）zealot（n 狂热者）；enraptured（adj 狂喜的）
US [-ɚ-] adjective
NOT INTERESTED 不感兴趣的
■not thinking about or interested in someone or something 不感兴趣的；不关心的，冷淡的
• Why don't you vote - how can you be so indifferent (to what is going on)! 你为甚么不投票？你怎能（对正在发生的事情）如此漠不关心！
• He found it very hard teaching a class full of indifferent teenagers. 他发觉教一班无动于衷的十几岁的孩子真是头痛。
UK [ɪn'dɪf.ər.ənt/ UK [-rənt] US [-ɚ-] adjective
NOT GOOD 不好的
■not good, but not very bad 中等的，一般的
• We didn't like the restaurant much - the food was indifferent and the service rather slow. 我们不怎么喜欢这家餐馆——饭菜一般，上菜也相当慢。
different, indifferent
different: 跟……不一样，同from搭配。如：This book is different from that one.(这本书跟那本不一样。)
indifferent: 冷漠的，不关心的，同to搭配。如：He was indifferent to his personal appearance.(他从前不注意自己的外表。)
adj. 漠不关心的；无关紧要的；中性的，中立的
 - neutral, insignificant

Word: rhythm
Front: rhythm
[ˈrɪðəm] (研四六托雅 3280/3420 -K3)
Vocabulary: rhythm
(once / 419 pages)
1n 2n 3n
Use the noun rhythm to refer to the regular pattern of something in a cycle or the beat in a song. In the summer, your life takes on a different rhythm than during the school year.
Rhythm comes from the Greek rhythmos "measured movement, flow." The beat of a song or the meter of a poem is its rhythm. You can also describe the cycle of things that happen in life or nature like the ocean tide or the passing of the seasons as a rhythm. If you have no rhythm, you're not very good at dancing. And once your favorite basketball team has found its rhythm, you know it's going to win.
WORD FAMILY
rhythm: rhythmic, rhythmical, rhythms+/rhythmic: nonrhythmic, rhythmicity, unrhythmic/rhythmical: rhythmically, unrhythmical/unrhythmic: unrhythmically
USAGE EXAMPLES
The disrupted circadian rhythms caused by working shifts or crossing time zones also seem to induce the disease.
Economist(Dec 01, 2016)
Colorado: It was a tough outing for the Buffaloes, who never seemed to find their offensive rhythm.
Washington Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Rhythm and rhyme Age 5 and younger, an interactive musical experience incorporating the use of musical instruments.
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. [诗]节奏，韵律; [医]节律，规律; [乐]节拍; [艺]调和
分布：节奏(81%)，节律(19%)
→来自拉丁语 rhythmus,来自希腊语 rhythmos,节奏，韵律，来自 rhein,流动，来自 sreu,*ser, 流动，词源同 serum,rheum.
n.节奏,韵律With rhythm, the arithmetic teacher put the artist's artificial articles on the vehicle.算术老师把艺术家的人造物品有节奏地放到运载工具里.
noun
 ADVANCED countable or uncountable
■a strong pattern of sounds, words or musical notes which is used in music, poetry and dancing （音乐、诗歌和舞蹈的）节奏，韵律，节律
• He beat out a jazz rhythm on the drums. 他击出爵士乐节奏的鼓点。
• I've got no sense of rhythm, so I'm a terrible dancer. 我根本没有节奏感，所以舞跳得很差劲。
countable or uncountable
■a regular movement or pattern of movements 规则的运动；（动作的）节奏；律动
• She was lulled to sleep by the gentle rhythm of the boat in the water. 船在水中有节奏地轻轻摇动，使她昏昏入睡。
• She hit the ball so hard that her opponent had no chance to establish any rhythm in her game. 她凌厉的击球让对手根本没有机会找到比赛的节奏。
countable
■a regular pattern of change, especially one which happens in nature （尤指自然界中的）规则变化，规律，节律
• the rhythm of the seasons 四季的交替
• Breathing and sleeping are examples of biological rhythms in humans. 呼吸和睡眠是人体生物节奏的例证。
n. 节奏；韵律
 - meter, cadence

Word: sophistication
Front: sophistication
[səˌfɪstɪˈkeɪʃn] (托宝 8920/8479 -1)
Vocabulary: sophistication
(once / 5513 pages)
n
Sophistication is the quality that belongs to a person who appears wise and glamorous. Sipping tea and appreciating opera are both stereotypical signs of sophistication.
The noun sophistication can also be used in a slightly different way, to describe a deep understanding, or an almost enlightened state. Before the 1800s, sophistication meant "the use of sophistry," or using mistaken or deceitful arguments, although the root word for both sophistication and "sophistry" is the Greek sophistes, or "wise man."
WORD FAMILY
sophistication: sophistications+/ sophisticate: sophisticated, sophisticates, sophisticating, sophistication / sophisticated: sophisticatedly, unsophisticated
USAGE EXAMPLES
“The level of sophistication is an order of magnitude greater” in Mosul than in some past conflicts, said Army Brig.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
It was a level of wit and sophistication one expects to find in a Middle School humor magazine.
New York Times(Mar 27, 2013)
Like earlier painters who were inspired by “primitive” art, Smith imbues simple motifs with sophistication.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 老练，精明; 强词夺理，诡辩; 伪品，掺杂品; 有教养
分布：复杂(75%)，诡辩(8%)，老练(7%)，精密(5%)，精明(2%)，有教养(2%)，强词夺理(1%)
→sophisticated,复杂的，精密的，-ion,名词后缀。
【反】callow（adj 年轻无经验的）－behaving with adult sophistication；unsophisticated（adj 不懂世故的）－politic（adj 策略性的）bucolic（adj 乡下的；田园风味的）
noun uncountable
■the quality of being sophisticated 世故，老练；精密化
• Her sophistication is evident from the way she dresses. 从衣着打扮明显可以看出她精明老练。
• The sophistication of computers is increasing. 电脑的精密程度越来越高。
n. 复杂；诡辩；老于世故；有教养
 - complexity, intricacy

Word: torrent
Front: torrent
[ˈtɒrənt] (研四六托雅宝 11727/11348 -1)
Vocabulary: torrent
(once / 414 pages)
n
A torrent is a heavy rain, or the flooding or wildly-running streams it causes, like the torrent that soaks everyone unlucky enough to be out on the street at that moment.
Because the noun torrent literally means "rushing stream," it is often describes fast-flowing water, like a rainstorm or creeks and rivers that overflow their banks. But the word can also describe any sudden inundation, like a deluge of words or thoughts, like when, in anger, you unleash a torrent of emotional words on your friend. Like a violent storm, you pour those words, not letting up in order to let him or her explain the other side of the story.
WORD FAMILY
torrent: torrential, torrents+/ torrential: torrentially
USAGE EXAMPLES
Primarily from the hemmed-in backyard of his brick house he pours forth a torrent of rage, bitterness, pride and anguish.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
The huge missile spilled a torrent of flame over the launching pad.
Washington Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Reagan stuck to his promise to visit the cemetery in Bitburg despite a torrent of criticism from Jewish groups, U.S. veterans and others.
Seattle Times(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: n. 奔流，急流; 爆发，迸发; 连续不断; （质问等的）连发
分布：激流(64%)，山洪(36%)
→来自拉丁语 torrere,燃烧，使干燥，来自 ters,干的，词源同 terrain,torrid.比喻用法，后用 于指激流，湍流，因其咆哮的声音如同热水沸腾而得名。
n.激流,洪流;爆发,(话语等的)连发The current occurrence of torrent spurs him to buy fur and sulfur.现行的倾泻事件驱使他买毛皮衣服和硫磺.
US ['tɔ:r-] noun
only singular
■a sudden large or too large amount, especially one which seems to be uncontrollable （尤指似乎无法控制的）狂潮，迸发
• He let out a torrent of abuse/angry words. 他连珠炮地说了一大堆谩骂／生气的话。
• They are worried that the flow/trickle/stream of tourists could swell into an unmanageable torrent if there are no controls. 他们担心如果不进行控制，这些川流不息／涓涓细流般／源源不断的游客会汇集成一股难以应付的洪流。
countable
■a large amount of water that is moving quickly 洪流；激流
• Heavy rainfall turned the river into a rushing/raging torrent. 大雨将河水变成了汹涌的激流。
torrents [plural]
■large amounts 大量
• torrents of rain 倾盆大雨
• The rain came down/fell in torrents. 大雨倾盆而下。
• We have received torrents of letters/requests/criticism. 我们收到了潮水般涌来的信件／请求／批评。
n. 奔流；倾注；迸发；连续不断
 - transfusion, decantation

Word: unpopularity
Front: unpopularity
[ˌʌnˌpɒpjʊ'lærətɪ] (25326/15143)
Back: n. 不受欢迎，不得人心
分布：不受欢迎(85%)，无人望(10%)，失人心(5%)
n. 不受欢迎；不得人心
 - undesirability

Word: unfamiliar
Front: unfamiliar
[ˌʌnfəˈmɪliə(r)] (5911/6518 -1)
Vocabulary: unfamiliar
(once / 1145 pages)
adj
Unfamiliar things are unknown or unexplored. On your first day at a new school, every single face you see is unfamiliar.
Traveling in an unfamiliar city is easier with a map or a GPS, and meeting the unfamiliar people who live there is easier if you speak at least a few words of their language. Some people love eating unfamiliar food — things they've never tasted before — while others aren't fond of it. When something (or someone) is familiar, it's known to you — the word shares a Latin root with family. Add the "not" prefix un-, and you've got unfamiliar.
WORD FAMILY
unfamiliar: unfamiliarity, unfamiliarly+/ familiar: familiarise, familiarity, familiarize, familiarly, familiars, overfamiliar, unfamiliar /familiarise: familiarisation, familiarised, familiarises, familiarising/ familiarity: familiarities/ familiarize: familiarization, familiarized, familiarizes, familiarizing/unfamiliarity: unfamiliarities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Check the “about us” page of unfamiliar sites: is there actual staff?
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Sustaining its success, however, is leading the industry into unfamiliar territory.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
A glossary allows children to look up the definitions of unfamiliar words.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 不熟悉的; 不常见的; 陌生的; 没有经验的
分布：不熟悉的(100%)
US [-jɚ] adjective
 ADVANCED
■not known to you 不熟悉的，陌生的
• I noticed several unfamiliar faces in the meeting room. 我注意到会议室里有好几张新面孔。
• His name was unfamiliar to me. 他的名字我很陌生。
be unfamiliar with sth
 ADVANCED
■to not have any knowledge or experience of something 对…不熟悉，不懂
• Many older people are unfamiliar with computers. 许多老年人不懂电脑。
adj. 不熟悉的；不常见的；没有经验的
 - young, unconversant

Word: unarmed
Front: unarmed
[ˌʌnˈɑ:md] (12344/13975 -1)
Back: adj. 未武装的; 徒手的; <动>（昆虫）无突的
v. 缴械，放下武器( unarm的过去式和过去分词)
分布：徒手的(62%)，无武器的(22%)，无刺的(16%)
US [-'ɑ:rmd] adjective
■not armed 徒手的，不带武器的；非武装的
adj. [军] 没有武装的；无武器的
 - armless

Word: alarming
Front: alarming
[əˈlɑ:mɪŋ] (7719/7554 -K)
Vocabulary: alarming
(once / 689 pages)
adj
Something that's alarming is disturbing or upsetting. It can be alarming when you hear a sudden, loud crash of thunder.
The idea of climate change is very alarming to many people, and the sound of a police car's siren is alarming when you're driving. Things that are alarming grab your attention, and either frighten you or at least unsettle you. The adjective alarming comes from alarm, via the Old French alarme, which is rooted in the Italian interjection all'arme, a rally or warning cry, "to arms!"
WORD FAMILY
alarming: alarmingest, alarmingly, unalarming+/ alarm: alarmed, alarming, alarmism, alarms/alarmed: alarmedly/alarmism: alarmist/alarmist: alarmists
USAGE EXAMPLES
There are concerns that already dangerous air pollution may reach alarming levels once again.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
A second report, also kept from the public, was equally alarming.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
It’s an alarming performance for a team used to peaking right now.
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: adj. 使人害怕的，扰乱人心的; 使人惊慌的; 告急的; 危言耸听的
v. 警告(alarm的现在分词)
分布：惊人的(95%)，吓人的(5%)
US [-'lɑ:r-] adjective
■causing worry or fear 使人惊恐的，引起恐慌的；令人担忧的
• alarming news 令人恐慌的消息
• There has been an alarming rise in the rate of inflation. 通货膨胀加剧的速度惊人。

Word: addicted
Front: addicted
[əˈdɪktɪd] (高托 23549/41488)
Back: adj. 上瘾的; 沉迷于某种嗜好的
vt. 使…上瘾(addict的过去分词)
分布：有毒瘾的(50%)，沉溺于的(50%)

Word: apprenticeship
Front: apprenticeship
[əˈprentɪʃɪp] (12684/7633 -1)
Vocabulary: apprenticeship
(once / 2068 pages)
n
Apprenticeship is a kind of job training that involves following and studying a master of the trade on the job instead of in school. Carpenters, masons, doctors, and many other professionals often learn their trade through apprenticeship.
The word apprenticeship comes from the Old French aprentiz meaning "someone learning" and the Anglian suffix -scip, meaning "state, condition of being." An apprenticeship is when someone is in a state or condition of learning from a master in a field. Some professions even have apprenticeship programs like the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers where you can be assigned to apprentice, or study under a professional electrician.
WORD FAMILY
apprenticeship: apprenticeships+/ apprentice: apprenticed, apprentices, apprenticeship, apprenticing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The schools - which were among Mr Taylor's recommendations - will focus on maths and English and will also provide apprenticeships.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
“I got deeper and deeper into the topic of sport, studying, doing conferences, doing another apprenticeship in sports nutrition,” she said.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Smith proposes funding for more access to career and technology education, an apprenticeship initiative and an alternative path to graduation.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 学徒身份; 学徒期
分布：学徒期(64%)，学徒身份(28%)，学徒资格(8%)
→前缀ap-同ad-. -prend, 来自prehend的缩写，见apprehend. 即抓住知识，学徒。
US [-tˌɪs-] noun countable or uncountable
■a period of time working as an apprentice 学徒期

Word: farce
Front: farce
[fɑ:s] (托宝 13948/11224 -1)
Vocabulary: farce
(once / 887 pages)
1n 2vn
A farce is a broad satire or comedy, though now it's used to describe something that is supposed to be serious but has turned ridiculous. If a defendant is not treated fairly, his lawyer might say that the trial is a farce.
As a type of comedy, a farce uses improbable situations, physical humor and silliness to entertain. Spoof films such as "Spaceballs," a comedy based on the Star Wars movies, are farces. If a real-life event or situation is a farce, it feels this ridiculous. An election is a farce, if the outcome has been determined before the voting begins. And class can feel like a farce if your substitute teacher knows less about the subject than you do.
WORD FAMILY
farce: farced, farces, farcical, farcing+/ farcical: farcically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Razor Girl, full of eccentric characters, mistaken identities, coincidences and farce, follows a similar format.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
If what’s wanted is farce and tragedy, drama and very black comedy, the inauguration of the 45th president ought to be just the ticket.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
“Understand this, the #electoralsystem is flawed, unconstitutional & highly #corrupt,” she tweeted, adding that the international community “facilitated & still funds this farce.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 笑剧，闹剧; 滑稽剧
vt. 用笑话补充、描述; 〈古〉填充
时态：farced, farcing, farces
分布：闹剧(75%)，滑稽戏(13%)，胡闹(8%)，添加笑料(2%)，填充(2%)
→来自拉丁语farcire, 塞进，填塞，词源同force-meat. 可能来自ger, 塞，充满，词源同cram, crowd. 后用于指大杂烩，闹剧。
【记】far远，ce＝voice声音－声音传得远－闹剧far远，ce死：远远的死了，闹得太过分了－闹剧
US [fɑ:rs] noun
PLAY 戏剧
countable
■a humorous play or film where the characters become involved in unlikely situations 滑稽戏；闹剧；笑剧
uncountable
■the style of writing or acting in this type of play 闹剧风格，滑稽戏风格
• The play suddenly changes from farce to tragedy. 这出戏突然从闹剧转变成悲剧。
UK [fɑ:s] US [fɑ:rs] noun
SITUATION 情况
countable disapproving
■a silly or meaningless situation or action 滑稽的情景；荒唐的举动；闹剧
• No one had prepared anything so the meeting was a bit of a farce. 谁也没有作任何准备，因此会议有点像一出闹剧。
n. 闹剧；胡闹；笑剧
 - slapstick comedy, dido

Word: atmospheric
Front: atmospheric
[ˌætməsˈferɪk] (四六雅 6847/8042 -1)
Vocabulary: atmospheric
(once / 1637 pages)
adj
Something that's atmospheric is related to a planet's atmosphere, or the gases that surround it. Atmospheric pollution can sometimes cause asthma and other breathing problems.
All planets have an atmosphere, layers of gas that are held close to them by their gravitational pull. The atmospheric conditions on Earth have allowed many life forms to develop, but global warming is a serious atmospheric problem that is getting worse. Every planet has its own unique atmospheric makeup. The adjective atmospheric comes from atmosphere, which stems from the Greek root words atmos, "steam or vapor," and spharia, "sphere or globe."
WORD FAMILY
atmospheric: atmospherically+/ atmosphere: atmospheres, atmospheric, atmospherical
USAGE EXAMPLES
National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration and in the United Kingdom to seek potential help.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
His paintings reflect the varied atmospheric conditions of Oregonian mountains, river courses and coastlines.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Praxair produces, sells and distributes atmospheric, process and specialty gases and high-performance surface coatings.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 大气的; 大气引起的; 有…气氛的
分布：大气的(58%)，大气层的(33%)，制造气氛的(9%)
adjective
AIR 空气
[before noun]
■relating to the air or to the atmosphere 空气的；大气（层）的
• Plants are the main source of atmospheric oxygen. 大气中的氧气主要是植物产生的。
• If atmospheric conditions are right, it may be possible to see this group of stars tonight. 如果大气条件好，今晚或许能看到这一组星星。
[ˌæt.məs'fer.ɪk] adjective
MOOD 气氛 approving
■creating a special feeling, such as mystery or romance 制造独特气氛的；有神秘美感的；富有情调的
• atmospheric lighting/music 富有情调的灯光／音乐
• I quite like fog because it's atmospheric. 我喜欢雾，因为它能营造独特的气氛。
adj. [地物] 大气的，大气层的
 - freeair, meteoric

Word: fervour
Front: fervour
[ˈfɜ:və(r)] (-/11217 -1)
Back: n. 热烈，热情
分布：热情(73%)，热烈(18%)，热诚(9%)
n. 热情（等于fervor）
 - passion, flame, fire, warmth, zeal

Word: imitate
Front: imitate
[ˈɪmɪteɪt] (研四六托雅 6150/7650 -1)
Vocabulary: imitate
(once / 152 pages)
v
When you imitate someone, you copy them. Youth marketers capitalize on kids' desire to imitate––tweens imitate teens, teens imitate young adults, and marketers supply the product lines to make it easy.
Humans learn by imitating others. Babies carefully watch their caregivers' lips, learning to imitate the movements they make to create language sounds. Writers often begin their careers imitating the style of older writers they admire.
WORD FAMILY
imitate: imitated, imitates, imitating, imitation, imitative, imitator, inimitable +/ imitation: imitations/imitative: imitatively, nonimitative/imitator: imitators/ inimitable: inimitably
USAGE EXAMPLES
No matter how much they scouted their opponents, they couldn’t imitate them effectively in practice, because their bench players weren’t good enough.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
What I admired most was Baker’s ability to convey a sense of Beckett’s own writing without imitating it.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
He is an example of life imitating art, and of political absurdist theater as national policy.
Salon(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 模仿，效仿; 仿造，伪造
时态：imitated, imitating, imitates
分布：模仿(87%)，仿效(9%)，仿制(4%)
→来自拉丁语imitari,复制，模仿，来自aim,复制，模仿，词源同emulate,image.
模仿(imit+ate→做得相象→模仿)[imag,imit=imagine,lkeness,表示"想象,相象"]
v.模仿,仿效;仿造,伪造Parrots imitate human speech.鹦鹉学人语.
verb transitive
■to behave in a similar way to someone or something else, or to copy the speech or behaviour, etc. of someone or something 模仿；仿效
• Some of the younger pop bands try to imitate their musical heroes from the past. 一些较年轻的流行乐队极力模仿心目中昔日的音乐巨星。
• They produce artificial chemicals which exactly imitate particular natural ones. 他们生产酷似某些天然物质的人造化学品。
imitate, intimate, intimidate
这是一组形近易混词。
imitate: v.模仿，仿效；复制，仿造。
 • The boy imitates his father's way of talking.   那个男孩模仿他父亲说话的样子。
intimate: a.亲密的；温馨的，舒适的。
 • We have had an intimate friendship since we were young.   我们自年轻时代起就建立了亲密的友谊。
intimidate: v.恐吓，威胁。
 • An older boy intimidated the little children when he took their lunch money.   一个年龄大一点的男孩恐吓那些小孩子，并且抢走了他们的午饭钱。
vt. 模仿，仿效；仿造，仿制
 - simulate, model after

Word: fore
Front: fore
[fɔ:(r)] (研六 13386/9559 -1)
Vocabulary: fore
(once / 584 pages)
adjnadv
The front of a ship is called the fore, and the back is the "aft." A cruise ship might be so large that your cabin at the ship's fore is almost a quarter mile from your sister's in the aft.
Fore also refers more generally to something at or near the front, like someone who's at the fore of her profession as a pastry chef. As an adjective, fore also describes things close to the front — your puppy's fore legs are the ones in front. When golfers shout, "Fore!" it's a warning to watch out for the ball, or to "look ahead."
WORD FAMILY
fore: fores
USAGE EXAMPLES
Children's charities were also at the fore when he donated each year to Capital Radio's appeal.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
The sheriff also said he was especially proud of his annual charity golf tournament, the Sheriff Box Shoot-Out “Fore” Kids, which he started in 1993.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
This lopsided racial sorting of jobs is only one of the fault lines brought to the fore by the presidential election.
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 在前部的; 以前的
adv. 在前头，朝前头; 在前面
n. 前部; 船头
prep. 在…前
int. （打高尔夫球者的叫声）让开！
分布：船头(62%)，前头(21%)，在前的(17%)
→来自per, 向前，穿过，词源同for, forth. 与for在中古英语时期才产生词义上的差别。
ad.在前面a.先前的;在前部的n.前部Our seats are at the fore part of an aircraft.我们的位置在飞机的前部.
US [fɔ:r] noun
to the fore
■to public attention or into a noticeable position 公众的关注；显要位置
• Various ecological issues have come to the fore since the discovery of the hole in the Earth's ozone layer. 自从发现地球臭氧层空洞以来，各种生态问题成为公众关注的热点。
• The prime minister has deliberately brought to the fore those ministers with a more caring image. 首相故意突出那些形象更为亲民的大臣。
⇒ See also the forefront
UK [fɔ:r] US [fɔ:r] adverb [before noun] adjective
■(especially on ships) towards or in the front 向（尤指船只）前部（的）；在（尤指船只）前部（的）
adj. 以前的；在前部的
 - previous, ago
adv. 在前面；在船头
 - front, onwards

Word: insolvency
Front: insolvency
[ɪn'sɒlvənsɪ] (宝 24230/9333)
Vocabulary: insolvency
(once / 9177 pages)
n
Insolvency is when someone is completely out of money. A company's insolvency means that it isn't able to pay its workers and may have to go out of business.
A family's insolvency is a frightening thing — it might result in the loss of their home, for example, since they can't afford to pay their bills. The noun insolvency is more often used to describe the financial troubles of a business or other organization. If your tennis club faces insolvency, it may need to seek help from investors or close altogether. The adjective insolvent means "unable to pay one's debts," combining the roots in, "not," and solventem, "paying."
WORD FAMILY
insolvency: insolvencies+/ insolvent: insolvency, insolvents/solvability: unsolvability/solvable: insolvable, solvability, unsolvable/ solve: solvable, solved, solvent, solver, solves, solving/solved: unsolved/solvency: solvencies/ solvent: insolvent, solvency, solvently, solvents/solver: solvers
USAGE EXAMPLES
If we can’t adjust the contribution rate to prevent the plan from falling into insolvency, that is a big problem.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The Insolvency Service forbade him from "promoting, forming or managing" a company without the court's permission for 12 years.
BBC(Dec 02, 2016)
Many of them could face crushing tax demands from the IRS — or be forced to declare insolvency or file for bankruptcy.
Washington Post(Nov 22, 2016)
Back: n. 破产; 无力偿付债务; 倒闭; 无偿债能力
分布：破产(93%)，无力偿还(7%)
【记】solvency（n 有偿付能力）；insolvent[SAT]（adj 破产的）；源于：solve（vt 解决；解答）有能力解决债务问题。
【反】ability to pay one's debts（有偿还能力）
n. 破产，无力偿还；倒闭
 - bankruptcy, failure

Word: imperialism
Front: imperialism
[ɪmˈpɪəriəlɪzəm] (11126/10502 -1)
Vocabulary: imperialism
(once / 1352 pages)
n
Imperialism is a type of government that seeks to increase its size, either by forcing (through war) or influencing (through politics) other countries to submit to their rule.
The sun never sets on the Roman Empire, or so went the saying when Rome controlled the majority of Europe 2000 years ago. Empire has the same Latin root as imperialism, and the Roman Empire grew to be so vast because they invaded, conquered, and developed everywhere they could. Until Rome fell, that is. Imperialism isn’t always violent, but it’s usually used in a negative sense, so watch for secret agents if you’re talking about your country’s policy of imperialism.
WORD FAMILY
imperialism: imperialisms, imperialist, imperialistic +/ imperial: imperialism, imperially, imperials/imperialist: imperialists/ imperialistic: imperialistically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Local cultures didn’t always react well to this seasonal imperialism.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 23, 2016)
In August, Flynn told a Massachusetts audience, “We are facing another ‘ism,’ just like we faced Nazism and fascism and imperialism and communism.
The New Yorker(Dec 23, 2016)
In Dugin’s case, the “central complex” is a mess of imperialism, bigotry, reactionary religiosity and a loathing of social diversity.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 帝国主义，帝国主义政策
分布：帝国主义(100%)
→词源同empire,帝国，帝权。
US [-'pɪr.i-] often disapproving
noun uncountable
■a system in which a country rules other countries, sometimes having used force to get power over them 帝国统治；帝国主义
• the age of imperialism 帝国主义时代
■when one country has a lot of power or influence over others, especially in political and economic matters （尤指政治、经济上的）势力扩张，扩张主义
• She accused the United States of economic imperialism. 她指责美国进行经济扩张。

Word: lamp
Front: lamp
[læmp] (中高研四六托雅 3936/3340 -K2)
Vocabulary: lamp
(once / 149 pages)
n
A lamp is a small appliance that holds an electric bulb and produces light. Your desk lamp might provide enough light for you to read by at night, or you may have to turn on a floor lamp too after the sun goes down.
Today, most lamps use electricity and a light bulb to shine the light that we all need to work and live comfortably after daylight fades. There are also older-style oil lamps and gas lamps, which are more typically described as lanterns. The Greek root of lamp is lampas, "torch or beacon" and also "meteor," from lampein, "to shine."
WORD FAMILY
lamp: lamps
USAGE EXAMPLES
Voting was halted for 15 minutes due to problems with the ultra-violet lamps used in the voting verification process.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
For passengers on the southbound train, the display starts with Randolph-Macon College, which demonstrates its merriment by wrapping white lights around lamp posts.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
The items — some festive — seem an odd assortment for a burglary: a decorative reindeer, a wreath and a table lamp.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 灯; 发热灯，照射灯
分布：灯(86%)，台灯(7%)，油灯(6%)，光源(1%)
→来自lap,照耀，发光，词源同lantern,插入鼻音字母m.可能同leuk,发光，照明，词源同light,lucid.
n.灯He stamped on the stamps and slammed the lamp on the damp dam.他用脚踩邮票并将灯砰地摔在潮湿的坝上.
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a device for giving light, especially one that has a covering or is contained within something （尤指带灯罩的）灯
• an electric/oil/gas lamp 电／油／煤气灯
• a street lamp 路灯
• a table/bedside lamp 枱／床头灯
⇒ See also sunlamp
 ADVANCED
■any of various devices that produce particular types of light 照明设备，照射器
• an infrared lamp 红外线照射灯
lamp, light
这组词都有“灯”的意思，其区别是：
lamp: 通常指以油、气或电为能源的照明设备，一般有罩。
light: 普通用词，含义广泛。泛指一切供照明的灯，多指电灯。
n. [电] 灯；照射器
 - light
vt. 照亮
 - light up, lumine
vi. 发亮
 - brighten up, resplend

Word: incense
Front: incense
[ˈɪnsens] (六托宝 11969/15260 -1)
Vocabulary: incense
(once / 651 pages)
1v 2nv
Incense means both "to make angry" and a stick that burns slowly and emits a strong smell. If your new college roommate burns incense in your tiny dorm room, you might get incensed and storm out.
How can a word that means a substance that is burned for its sweet odor come to mean "make very angry"? Both have to do with the idea of burning, and the Latin root incendere, "to set on fire." A stick of incense must be lit, or set on fire to release its smell. When you are incensed by something, such as your teacher slamming you with homework on the night of the prom, you feel like you are burning with anger.
WORD FAMILY
incense: incensed, incenses, incensing+/ incensed: incensedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
In fact, the state’s October offer to pony up more cash incensed executives at the insurance providers tasked with managing this mess.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Most American Christians remained utterly unaware of his prayer but it incensed many of the same people as before, to an even greater degree.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
But it backfired: The public was incensed at the thought of suffering people cut off.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 香; 焚香时的烟; 奉承
v. 使愤怒; 激怒
时态：incensed, incensing, incenses
分布：香(89%)，熏香(10%)，激怒(1%)
→in-,进入，使，-cend,火，燃烧，词源同candle,incense,-se,过去分词后缀。引申词义香，香火。作动词指点火，激怒。
香;[cand=white,glow,表示"白,发光"]
【记】原指：供神所焚烧的香，用这种香杵你一下－激怒in进入，cense＝cand白热－用焚烧的香点燃怒气－激怒
【参】incentive（n 动机；adj 激励的）
【反】propitiate（v 劝解；使息怒）
noun uncountable /ˈɪn.sents/
■a substance that is burnt to produce a sweet smell, especially as part of a religious ceremony （尤指在宗教仪式上焚烧的）香
• an incense burner/stick 香炉／香烛
verb transitive usually passive /ɪnˈsents/
■to cause someone to be extremely angry 激怒；使大怒
• The editor said a lot of readers would be incensed by my article on abortion. 编辑说我关于堕胎的文章会激怒很多读者。
• I was so incensed by what he was saying I had to walk out. 我被他说的话激怒了，愤然离席。
smell, fragrance, incense, perfume, flavour, odour, scent
这组词都有“气味”的意思，其区别是：
smell: 普通用词，与odour很相近，中性词。可指好闻或不好闻或中性气味。
fragrance: 较正式的典雅用词，常指花妆品、花朵和香料等发出的令人感到新鲜、愉快的香味。
incense: 指香燃烧时发出的芳香的烟味。
perfume: 书面用词，指强烈、浓厚天然或人工制造的香气。
flavour: 指影响嗅觉、味觉的香气或香味，多用于指食物等独特的味。
odour: 书面中性词，侧重气味本身的本质，既可指令人愉快的气味，也可指令人作呕难闻气味。
scent: 与smell很接近，但着重某物质或物体所特有的气味，多指好闻的气味。
n. 香；奉承
 - court, joss stick

Word: motorcycle
Front: motorcycle
[ˈməʊtəsaɪkl] (中高雅 6059/9757 -K1)
Back: n. 摩托车; 机动车
vi. 骑摩托车
时态：motorcycled, motorcycling, motorcycles
分布：摩托车(92%)，骑摩托车(8%)
→motor,摩托车，cycle,轮子，圈。
US ['moʊ.tˌɚ-] noun countable (also motorbike)
■a vehicle with two wheels and an engine 摩托车
n. [车辆] 摩托车；机动车
 - autocycle, motor van

Word: problematic
Front: problematic
[ˌprɒbləˈmætɪk] (5561/7323 -1)
Vocabulary: problematic
(once / 6172 pages)
1adj 2adj
Something problematic poses a problem or causes difficulties. Your ambitions to become the next great leader of Spain are great, but your inability to speak Spanish might prove problematic.
Around 1600, the word problematical was shortened and problematic was born. Perhaps they wanted to make it less problematic for spellers. It's an adjective that means tough, hard to solve, or even questionable. A flat tire in the middle of the desert would certainly be problematic, as would a star witness with a history of telling lies.
WORD FAMILY
problematic: problematically, unproblematic+/ problem: problematic, problematical, problems
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I do think it would be problematic if part of the deal was changed and not the whole deal,” he said.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Russia is a weak power, all right, but also a problematic one.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
For a fund poised to suspend benefits, holdings like these are especially problematic.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 成问题的，有疑问的，不确定的
分布：问题的(91%)，有疑问的(9%)
有问题的(problem问题)[-atic表形容词"有…性质的"]
US [ˌprɑ:.blə'mætˌ-] (also problematical)
adjective
■full of problems or difficulties 成问题的；疑难的
• Getting everyone there on time might prove problematic. 让每个人都准时到达可能会很难。
adj. 问题的；有疑问的；不确定的
 - indefinite, unsure

Word: sheriff
Front: sheriff
[ˈʃerɪf] (六宝 5016/5824 -1)
Vocabulary: sheriff
(once / 339 pages)
n
A sheriff is the top-ranking officer in a county police force. Unlike police in a city or town, the sheriff is an elected official.
In most states, the sheriff serves a four-year term, and she oversees a department of police officers. A sheriff's job varies from state to state, but it generally includes enforcing the law, making arrests within the county, traffic control, prisoner transportation, and crime investigation. The Old English root word is scirgerefa, "representative of royal authority in a shire." Sheriff has been used in the United States since the 1600's.
WORD FAMILY
sheriff: sheriffs
USAGE EXAMPLES
Parson, a cattle rancher and former sheriff, said in his statement that he is well and resting at his home in Bolivar.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The sheriff’s statement says Herzog stole vehicles and items across five counties in Michigan, Indiana and Ohio.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The Okaloosa County Sheriff’s Office, fire department first responders, the Walton Sheriff’s Office, the Coast Guard and others assisted in searching for the man.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 州长; 执行吏; 治安官
分布：郡长(84%)，郡治安官(16%)
→来自古英语 scirgerefa,王室在郡设置的官员，郡督，来自 scir,郡，词源同 shire,gerefa,首领， 词源同 reeve,管家，长官，城镇治安官。
【记】sheriff＝stiff（adj 僵硬的），治安官的特点是僵硬的。
noun countable
■in the US, an official whose job is to be in charge of performing the orders of the law courts and making certain that the laws are obeyed within a particular county （美国的）郡保安官
■in England and Wales, a person who represents the king or queen in a particular county , and whose duties are mainly in official ceremonies （英格兰和威尔士的）郡长
■the most important judge of a county in Scotland （苏格兰的）郡法官
n. 州长；郡治安官；执行吏
 - Landeshauptmann, nomarch

Word: remainder
Front: remainder
[rɪˈmeɪndə(r)] (研六托宝 6805/3955 -2)
Vocabulary: remainder
(once / 320 pages)
nv
The remainder is whatever is left after the rest has been used up or taken away.
In math, if you know the remainder is the number that's left after you divide, that will help you remember the meaning of this word: a remainder is what you have when others things are gone. If you ate all but one piece of a pizza, the one slice left is the remainder. If you spend all your cash except for $4, that's your remainder. Since remaining means to stay somewhere, a remainder is something that stays put.
WORD FAMILY
remainder: remaindered, remainders
USAGE EXAMPLES
That would be a disservice to the remainder of the nation.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Sterling’s early anxiety disappeared in the remainder of the game.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
The remainder will be hired and trained over the next year.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 剩余物; 其他人员; 差数; 廉价出售的图书
vt. 廉价出售（书）; 廉价出售
adj. 剩余的; 留存下的
时态：remaindered, remaindering, remainders
分布：剩余物(40%)，廉价出售(35%)，其余的人(25%)
→来自 remain,剩余。
剩余物(remain+der表示名词,如：attainder被剥夺公民权利及财产)[man,main=stay,表示"逗留"]
n.剩余物,剩下的;余数,余项After maintenance the main remains and remainders are left on the domain.维修之后,主要遗骸和剩余物留在了领地上.
【记】源于：remain（v 保持；残存）
【参】remains（n 残余；遗体）
US [-dɚ] noun
PART LEFT 剩余
the remainder only singular
■the part of something that is left after the other parts have gone, been used, or been taken away 剩余部分；其余；剩余物
• I ate most of it and gave the remainder to the dog. 我吃了一大半，剩下的喂狗了。
• It rained the first day but the remainder of the trip was lovely. 旅行中第一天下了雨，不过其余的日子天气都很好。
UK [rɪ'meɪn.dər] US [-dɚ] noun
MATHEMATICS 数学
uncountable specialized
■in mathematics, the amount that is left when one number cannot be exactly divided by another 差数；余数
• 9 divided by 4 is 2, remainder 1. 九除以四商二余一。
UK [rɪ'meɪn.dər] US [-dɚ] verb transitive
■to sell a book cheaply because it has not sold well and no more copies of it will be produced 削价出售（滞销或剩余的图书）
• His autobiography never sold very well and was soon remaindered. 他的自传一直卖得不太好，过了不久就被削价处理了。
balance, remainder, remains, rest, surplus
这组词都有“剩余部分”的意思，其区别是：
balance: 指支取存款的余额或减去各种开支后的尾数。
remainder: 含义较广，可指数学运算中的余数，也指从整体取走或用掉部分后的所余部分，或一群人走掉一部分剩下的人。
remains: 常指人或动物死后的遗体或遗骨，也指古代文明的遗迹或去世作家尚未发表的遗稿。
rest: 最普通用词与定冠词连用，指任何指定数量的人或物等。
surplus: 指超过需要数量之外的剩余。
n. 余数，残余； [数] 剩余物；其余的人
 - leaving, arithmetical compliment
adj. [数] 剩余的；吃剩的
 - surplus, residual, odd
vt. 廉价出售；削价出售
 - bargain sale, undercut
vi. 廉价出售；削价出售
 - bargain sale

Word: tenet
Front: tenet
[ˈtenɪt] (宝 9811/13999 -1)
Vocabulary: tenet
(once / 1814 pages)
n
A tenet is a principle or belief honored by a person or, more often, a group of people. "Seek pleasure and avoid pain" is a basic tenet of Hedonism. "God exists" is a tenet of most major religions.
Tenet is pronounced "ten’it." The word evolved from the Latin tenere "to hold." The noun tenet is an opinion or doctrine one holds. It usually refers to a philosophy or a religion, but it doesn't have to — for instance, Eastern medicine has different tenets from Western medicine. One of the central tenets of succeeding in the workplace is that a good offense is the best defense.
WORD FAMILY
tenet: tenets
USAGE EXAMPLES
Players, abiding by their religious tenets, use the sport as an outlet between long hours spent studying Judaic texts and other subjects.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
At the CIA’s annual Memorial Wall ceremony in 2000, Kirzinger said Tenet’s vivid remarks about the slain operatives inspired his project.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Certain styles of preparation — deep frying, for example — are considered “red lines,” but it is a key tenet of Nemmer’s approach that “nothing is forbidden.”
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 原则; 信条; 教义
分布：宗旨(59%)，原则(21%)，信条(12%)，教义(8%)
→来自拉丁语 tenet,他所持有的，他所坚持的，来自 tenere 的指示格，来自 tenere,持有，握住， 坚持，词源同 contain,tenure.引申词义原则，信条，教义等。
【记】ten拿，et小－拿住的小东西－信念
['ten.ɪt] formal
noun countable
■one of the principles on which a belief or theory is based 信条；宗旨；原则
• It is a tenet of contemporary psychology that an individual's mental health is supported by having good social networks. 当代心理学的一个基本理念就是个人的心理健康有赖于良好的社交圈。
n. 原则；信条；教义
 - principle, belief, teaching, doctrine, creed

Word: severity
Front: severity
[sɪ'verətɪ] (7307/7070)
Vocabulary: severity
(once / 512 pages)
n
Severity is a plain, no-frills hardness––or the degree of hardness. You might talk about the severity of the northern winter, or the severity of your grandfather's discipline.
Severity, with its root in severe, has several nuances. It can mean a hardship, like war’s severity. It also refers to an extreme plainness. Think of the severity of Amish life: no phones, cars, or other modern technology. And you might use it to describe your math teacher’s manner: his severity is indicated by his short, clipped sentences, angry stare, and propensity to fail students without mercy.
WORD FAMILY
severity: severities+/ severe: severely, severeness, severer, severest, severity
USAGE EXAMPLES
Depending on the severity of these symptoms, patients may need to delay treatment and begin a course of steroids and or discontinue the drug immediately.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
The theater underlined the severity of the offense with a Facebook posting of the production’s new orchestral director alongside Santa Claus.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The law reduces the severity of some drug charges and changes sentencing guidelines.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 严重; 严格; 严谨; 严厉的对待
分布：严重(95%)，严肃(3%)，严格(2%)
US [-ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
SERIOUS 严重的
■seriousness 严重
• Even the doctors were shocked by the severity of his injuries. 连医生也对他伤势的严重程度感到震惊。
• I don't think you quite understand the severity of our financial problems. 我认为你还不太了解我们财务问题的严重程度。
UK [sɪ'ver.ɪ.ti] US [-ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
NOT KIND 不和善的
■harshness or unfriendliness 严厉，苛刻
• He spoke with great severity. 他说话非常严肃。
• The severity of the punishment should match the seriousness of the crime. 惩罚的严厉程度应该与所犯罪行的轻重相当。
UK [sɪ'ver.ɪ.ti] US [-ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
PLAIN 朴素的
■plainness 简朴；单纯
n. 严重；严格；猛烈
 - rigidity, roughness

Word: wednesday

Word: beckon
Front: beckon
[ˈbekən] (宝 8776/8934 -1)
Vocabulary: beckon
(once / 617 pages)
v
To beckon is to use a physical gesture to call someone over to you. Universally recognized gestures used to beckon include crooking the finger or nodding the head to invite someone over.
We get the word beckon from the Old English gebecnian, meaning "to make a mute sign," which comes from bēacen, meaning "a sign or beacon." (Remember that "beacon" is a noun while beckon is a verb). When you beckon to someone, you give them a physical sign to "come here." Figuratively, an ice cream sundae might beckon you, calling you away from your diet.
WORD FAMILY
beckon: beckoned, beckoning, beckons
USAGE EXAMPLES
There will be no more reports of sylvan clowns beckoning children into the woods with dollar bills.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
But like a Siren’s song, the wine industry beckoned to the brothers and their combined 12 years in the business.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
He is posing for photographs with a team of Japanese journalists as I arrive; an evening function beckons after I leave.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. （用头或手的动作）示意，召唤
时态：beckoned, beckoning, beckons
分布：召唤(59%)，吸引(36%)，示意某人按自己的指示行动(5%)
→词源同beacon, 灯塔。原指发光，吸引。
verb
intransitive or transitive
■to move your hand or head in a way that tells someone to come nearer （向…）点头或招手，（向…）打手势
• The customs official beckoned the woman to his counter. 海关官员示意那妇人到他桌前来。
• "Hey you!", she called, beckoning me over with her finger. “嘿，我在叫你呢！”她喊道，并用手指示意我过去。
• He beckoned to me, as if he wanted to speak to me. 他给我打手势，好像是要跟我说甚么。
intransitive
■If something beckons, it attracts people 吸引；引诱
• For many young people, the bright lights of London beckon, though a lot of them end up sleeping on the streets. 尽管其中许多人最终落得要露宿街头，但伦敦璀璨的灯火仍旧吸引许多年轻人。
intransitive
■If an event or achievement beckons, it is likely to happen 有可能发生；召唤
• She's an excellent student, for whom a wonderful future beckons. 她是个优秀的学生，美妙的前程在召唤她。
vt. 召唤；吸引
 - attract, absorb, engage, draw, summon
vi. 吸引；（招手或点头）示意
 - attract, turn one on
n. 表召唤的点头；手势
 - motion, sign

Word: carney
Front: carney
['kɑ:ni] (32759/-)
Back: v. 哄骗
n. 哄骗的话
分布：哄骗(67%)，哄骗的话(33%)
vt. 哄骗
 - trick, spoof
vi. 哄骗
 - trick, coax

Word: cb

Word: civilise
Front: civilise
['sɪvɪlaɪz] (-/34323)
Back: vt. 使文明，使开化
时态：civilised, civilising, civilises
分布：使文明(50%)，使开化(50%)
vt. 教化；文明化；使开化
 - to teach, humanize

Word: discharge
Front: discharge
[dɪsˈtʃɑ:dʒ] (研四六托雅宝 6214/4314 -2)
Vocabulary: discharge
(once / 176 pages)
1vn 2vn 3vn 4v
To discharge is to fire a gun or an employee, or to set someone free from a hospital or jail. You'd probably like being discharged from jail, but not from your job, unless you really hate it.
As a verb, discharge is “to release,” and as a noun, it refers to the act of or setting free. You'd be discharged from the hospital once the discharge from your wound has stopped. Ew. The writer Ambrose Bierce jokingly defined emotion as "a prostrating disease caused by a determination of the heart to the head. It is sometimes accompanied by a copious discharge of hydrated chloride of sodium from the eyes.” Wouldn't want to cry in front of that guy!
WORD FAMILY
discharge: discharged, discharges, discharging+/ charge: chargeable, charged, charger, charges, charging, countercharge, discharge, overcharge, recharge, supercharge, undercharge/chargeable: chargeably/charged: uncharged/ charger: chargers/countercharge: countercharges/discharged: undischarged/ overcharge: overcharged, overcharges, overcharging/ recharge: rechargeable, recharged, recharges, recharging/supercharge: supercharged, supercharger, supercharges, supercharging/supercharger: superchargers/undercharge: undercharged, undercharges, undercharging
USAGE EXAMPLES
The unconscious man was arrested on suspicion of 100 misdemeanor counts of discharging a firearm.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Coventry police say the woman slipped Friday night and the gun she was carrying discharged, striking her.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Grogan was discharged from the hospital three weeks after the crash.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: vt. 下（客）; 卸船; 免除（自己的义务、负担等）; 执行
vt. & vi. 放出; 流出; 开枪; 发射
n. （气体、液体如水从管子里）流出; 排放出的物体
vi. （船、飞机等）卸货; （颜料、墨水或染料等）化开; 卸掉负担（或负载）; 下客
时态：discharged, discharging, discharges
分布：放电(57%)，排出(12%)，释放(8%)，卸货(6%)，发射(6%)，解雇(3%)，解除(3%)，排出物(3%)，清偿债务(1%)，准许离开(1%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。charge, 装载。即卸货，释放，排出。
v./n.卸货,排出;发射,放(电);遣散,解雇I'm in charge of discharging a large amount of charcoal and coal at the coal mine.我负责在煤矿卸一大堆木炭和煤.
【反】hire（v 雇佣）
US [-ˈtʃɑːrdʒ]
ALLOW TO LEAVE 允许离开
transitive
■to allow someone officially to leave somewhere, especially a hospital or a court of law 允许…离开；（尤指）允许…出院；释放
• Patients were discharged from hospital because the beds were needed by other people. 由于其他人需要床位，患者们便被允许出院了。
■2. A peace protester was conditionally discharged for twelve months (= allowed to go free only if they do not commit a crime again for this period of time).
• More than half of all prisoners discharged (= allowed to leave prison) are reconvicted within two years. 在获释的犯人中有一半多在两年内又被再次判刑。
verb UK [dɪsˈtʃɑːdʒ] US [-ˈtʃɑːrdʒ]
SEND OUT 发出
intransitive or transitive
■to send out a substance, especially waste liquid or gas 排放，排出（尤指废液或废气）
• Large amounts of dangerous waste are discharged daily by the factory. 这个工厂每天排放大量危险的废物。
• The oil which discharged into the sea seriously harmed a lot of birds and animals. 排放到海里的油对许多鸟和动物产生了严重的危害。
verb UK [dɪsˈtʃɑːdʒ] US [-ˈtʃɑːrdʒ]
PERFORM 践行
transitive formal
■to perform a task, especially an official one 履行（职责、义务）
• If the authority is to discharge its legal duty to house the homeless, it needs government support. 如果当局要依法履行其收容无家可归者的职责，那么它还需要政府的支援。
discharge a debt formal
■to pay back a debt completely 清偿债务
verb UK [dɪsˈtʃɑːdʒ] US [-ˈtʃɑːrdʒ]
FIRE GUN 开枪
transitive formal
■to fire a gun, or to fire a shot from a gun 开（枪），射出（子弹）
• The police stated that some fifty rounds had been discharged. 警方称大约射出了50发子弹。
noun UK [ˈdɪs.tʃɑːdʒ] US [-tʃɑːrdʒ]
PERMISSION TO LEAVE 允许离开
countable or uncountable
■official permission to leave the armed forces, a prison or a hospital 获官方同意，允许离开（军队、监狱或医院）
• The judge gave him a one-year conditional discharge. 法官判他有条件假释一年。
• The soldier received a dishonourable discharge for a disciplinary offence. 那位士兵因违反纪律而被不光彩地开除了。
noun UK [ˈdɪs.tʃɑːdʒ] US [-tʃɑːrdʒ]
SENT OUT 发出
countable or uncountable
■when waste liquid or gas is sent out （尤指废液或废气的）排放
• Thousands of fish were killed as a result of a discharge of poisonous chemicals from a nearby factory. 成千上万条鱼被附近工厂排出的有毒化学物质毒死。
countable or uncountable
■liquid matter, which is often infected, that comes from a part of the body （常指人体某一部分因感染而产生的）脓，液体分泌物
• vaginal discharge 阴道分泌物
noun UK [ˈdɪs.tʃɑːdʒ] US [-tʃɑːrdʒ]
PERFORMANCE 履行
uncountable formal
■the performance of duties or payment of money that is owed 履行责任或清偿债务
• the discharge of his duties 履行他的职责
noun UK [ˈdɪs.tʃɑːdʒ] US [-tʃɑːrdʒ]
FIRING GUN 开枪
uncountable formal
■the firing of a gun 开枪，开火
discharge, fire, dismiss
这组词都有“解雇，开除”的意思，其区别是：
discharge: 语气较重，指有理由的解雇，含几乎不再复用的意味。
fire: 口语用词，多指被断然地突然解雇，其行动犹如开枪一样干净利落。
dismiss: 正式用词，是这组词中语气最轻的一个词，一般只有从上文才能看解雇的原因或理由。
free, liberate, discharge, release
这组词都有“解放，释放”的意思，其区别是：
free: 指不再受任何限制、约束、阻碍和压迫，完全可按自己的意志行事。
liberate: 常指从束缚和压迫中解放出来，强调获得最终的解放，有时可和free换用。
discharge: 强调把某人或某物从监禁、束缚中释放出来。
release: 侧重指放松限制、解除监禁或免除义务。
vt. [劳经] 解雇；卸下；放出；免除
 - issue, forgive
vi. [环境] 排放；卸货； [流] 流出
 - issue, shed
n. [环境] 排放；卸货； [劳经] 解雇
 - firing, dismissal

Word: hurl
Front: hurl
[hɜ:l] (研六托雅宝 7332/7001 -2)
Vocabulary: hurl
(once / 360 pages)
vn
When you hurl something, you throw it hard. You might hurl your shoe at a horrible bug if it suddenly scuttled across the floor.
If you hurl a rock at a glass window, it will probably break, and if you hurl your trash in the direction of a garbage can, it may or may not land inside. The verb hurl implies some force behind your throw. The earliest English version was hurlen, which in the thirteenth century meant "run against each other or collide." It probably comes from the Germanic root hurr, which is also the root of hurry, and means "rapid motion."
WORD FAMILY
hurl: hurled, hurler, hurling, hurls+/hurler: hurlers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Roger Clemens fails to get votes necessary for Baseball Hall of Fame, hurls bat shard at Mike Piazza’s plaque in Cooperstown.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
According to theory, they should be hurled into space.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Back in the day, the worst thing people did was hide in a ditch and hurl field corn kernels at passing cars.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 丢下，用力投掷; 大声叫骂，愤慨的说出; 推到，推翻
vi. 猛投，猛掷
时态：hurled, hurling, hurls
分布：用力投掷(40%)，丢下(30%)，愤慨地说出(30%)
→词源不确定，可能来自拟声词，快速掷物体的声音。
vt.猛投,力掷;大声叫骂The Indian hurled his spear at the coyote.那印第安人将他的长矛用力掷向那只土狼.
US [hɝ:l] verb transitive
■to throw something with a lot of force, usually in an angry or violent way （通常指愤怒或用力地）抛，扔
• In a fit of temper he hurled the book across the room. 他一怒之下把书本扔到房间的另一边。
• Youths hurled stones at the soldiers. 年轻人向士兵们投掷石头。
hurl abuse/insults, etc. at sb
■to shout insults or rude language at someone angrily 大声辱骂（某人）
• I wasn't going to stand there while he hurled abuse at me! 我不会站在那里给他大声辱骂！
fling, throw, cast, heave, toss, hurl, pitch
这组词都有“抛、投、掷”的意思，其区别是：
fling: 指用力投掷，或因感情激动而粗暴地或漫无目的地扔东西。
throw: 普通用词，使用广泛，仅指用力抛掷，不涉及动作方式或感情色彩。
cast: 常可与throw互换，指迅速扔出一个重量较轻的物体。
heave: 指把重物举起后扔出。
toss: 指无什么目的地、轻轻地、随意地掷或扔，所扔掷的东西一般都比较轻。
hurl: 通常指用力投掷，动作迅猛，所投掷的距离也较远。
pitch: 指随意地、轻轻地掷或扔，侧重方向性和有明确的目标。
vt. 丢下；用力投掷；愤慨地说出
 - let drop

Word: fidelity
Front: fidelity
[fɪˈdeləti] (托雅 10174/11829 -1)
Vocabulary: fidelity
(once / 408 pages)
1n 2n
Fidelity is the quality of being faithful or loyal. Dogs are famous for their fidelity.
Fidelity comes from the Latin root fides, which means faith, so fidelity is the state of being faithful. Marital fidelity is faithfulness to your spouse. If you're a journalist, your reports should have fidelity to the facts. Someone without fidelity to a religion or group belief is called an infidel.
WORD FAMILY
fidelity: fidelities, infidelity +/ infidelity: infidelities
USAGE EXAMPLES
"This was an example of fidelity to the Gospel," he said.
Reuters(Dec 26, 2016)
Sessions praised the foot soldiers for their “courage and fidelity” and added: “More needs to be done. We need to join closer hands.”
Washington Post(Dec 24, 2016)
Fidelity paid about $250 million for eMoney, a wealth management software company based in suburban Philadelphia, according to the Philadelphia Inquirer.
Reuters(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 忠诚，忠实; 逼真; 保真度; 尽责
分布：保真度(39%)，忠诚(33%)，忠实(25%)，准确性(3%)
→来自拉丁语fides, 相信，信仰，词源同faith. 引申词义忠诚。
坚贞;忠心(fid+elity表示性质→相信的性质→坚贞)[fid=trust,faith,表示"相信,信念"]
【记】fid相信－因为相信李洪志是“神”，才会“忠诚”
【反】unconventionality（n 异常）－fidelity to custom（忠于习惯）；apostasy（n 脱党；变节）
US [-tˌi] noun uncountable
LOYALTY 忠诚 formal
■honest or lasting support, or loyalty, especially to a sexual partner （尤指对性伴侣的）忠诚，忠实，忠贞
• Somerset Maugham's comedy of marital fidelity, 'The Constant Wife' 萨默塞特‧毛姆关于婚姻忠贞的喜剧《装聋作哑》
• How important do you think sexual fidelity is in a marriage? 你认为婚姻中肉体上的忠诚有多重要？
UK [fɪ'del.ə.ti] US [-tˌi] noun uncountable
EXACT COPY 正本 approving
■when you copy the detail and quality of an original, such as a picture, sound or story exactly 准确性；精确性
• The best ink-jet printers can reproduce photographs with amazing fidelity. 最好的喷墨印表机输出的照片效果非常逼真。
n. [电子] [电讯] 保真度；忠诚；精确；尽责
 - precision, loyalty

Word: intractable
Front: intractable
[ɪnˈtræktəbl] (宝 13751/14029 -1)
Vocabulary: intractable
(once / 4950 pages)
adj
Can't manage your stubborn little brother who won't do what anyone says? You could call him intractable, or you could call your mother. Problems are intractable when they can't be solved.
Intractable means not tractable. Helpful, right? No? Let's break it down. In both words you see the word tract. A contract is a written document that explains how a legal situation is to be managed together. When someone is tractable they are able to be managed or handled. When they are intractable, they are as unmanageable as a hungry two-year old.
WORD FAMILY
intractable: intractability, intractableness, intractably+/intractability: intractabilities/tractability: tractabilities/ tractable: intractable, tractability, tractableness, tractably
USAGE EXAMPLES
But even as the city continues to add freeway lanes in an intractable war against congestion, Angelenos are increasingly embracing new ideas in transportation.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Schwartz slapped his palm on a wall studded with steel bracing rods—short-term solutions to an intractable long-term problem.
The New Yorker(Dec 28, 2016)
The conflict in Syria was such an intractable mess that only the most ruthless were likely to survive, and their survival will cost them dearly.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 难对付的，难管教的，倔强的; 难加工的; 难治疗的
分布：倔强的(50%)，难治疗的(18%)，难驾驭的(18%)，难加工的(14%)
→in-,不，非，tractable,拉得住的，可控制的。
【记】in不，tract拉，able能－驴子不能拉动的－倔强不驯的
formal
adjective
■very difficult and seeming to be impossible to control, manage or solve 难驾驭的；难对付的；难解决的
• We are facing an intractable problem. 我们面临着一个棘手的问题。
adj. 棘手的；难治的；倔强的；不听话的
 - testing, awkward

Word: perpetual
Front: perpetual
[pəˈpetʃuəl] (研六雅宝 8766/8450 -1)
Vocabulary: perpetual
(once / 236 pages)
adj
Use the adjective perpetual to describe something that never ends or changes. If you're a perpetual procrastinator, your dilly-dallying ways are never going to improve.
It may be true that the only constant is change, but English nevertheless has no shortage of words to describe things that never change: everlasting, eternal, and permanent, for example — and this word, perpetual, from the Latin perpetuus, "continuous." In casual usage, though, you might hear someone say "This perpetual bad weather needs to clear." Maybe it should come as no surprise to find people using the word to describe things that are not truly everlasting — since so few things really are.
WORD FAMILY
perpetual: perpetually, perpetuity +/ perpetuity: perpetuities
USAGE EXAMPLES
This poet is, for me, a perpetual inspiration.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
But Kerry was also right when he said that “the status quo is leading towards one state and perpetual occupation.”
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
"The status quo is leading towards one state and perpetual occupation," he said.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 永久的; 不断的; 无期限的; 四季开花的
分布：永久的(55%)，永恒的(43%)，一再往复的(2%)
→来自perpetuate,使持续。
永久的(per+pet+ual)[pet=seek,表示"追寻,寻求"]
a.永久的,永恒的,长期的The competent petitioner thinks the perpetual impetus is petty.有能力的请愿者认为永久的动力是细小的.
【记】per全部，pet宠物，ual：全部宠物都是我们永远的朋友－永远的
【反】evanescent（adj 短暂易逝的）；intermittent（adj 间歇的）；ephemeral（adj 短暂的）；transitory（adj 短时间的）
US [pɚ'petʃ-] adjective
■continuing forever in the same way 永久的，永恒的；长期的
• They lived in perpetual fear of being discovered and arrested. 他们长期生活在恐惧中，担心被发现并遭到拘捕。
• He has hard, cold eyes and his mouth is set in a perpetual sneer. 他双眼又凶又冷，嘴角总是挂着一丝蔑笑。
• a perpetual student 终身学习者
■often repeated 不断重复的；永无休止的
• perpetual vandalism 对公共财物不断的蓄意破坏
permanent, eternal, perpetual, everlasting, endless
这些形容词均有“持久的，永久的”之意。
permanent: 指总是处于相同的情况和地位，可长期持续下去，永久不变。
eternal: 语体较庄重，侧重指永远存在，无始无终。
perpetual: 语气最强，指保持永久不变，没有中断的行为，永无止境地持续下去。有时用于贬义，指令人厌烦之事。
everlasting: 语气较庄重，有时可与eternal换用，侧重持续不尽，或指开始后一直进行下去。
endless: 系日常用词，指无尽无休。
adj. 永久的；不断的；四季开花的；无期限的
 - permanent, ceaseless, loud

Word: jumbo
Front: jumbo
[ˈdʒʌmbəʊ] (15512/19410 -1)
Vocabulary: jumbo
(once / 4795 pages)
adj
Something that's jumbo is extra large. Your jumbo television might look funny in your tiny apartment.
Jumbo is an informal adjective that describes anything enormous. You might spy the word on a menu at a seafood restaurant that serves "jumbo shrimp," or hear it when you're boarding a massive "jumbo jet." The word comes from a famous elephant, Jumbo, known for being the largest in captivity in the 1800s, and purchased from the London Zoo by circus owner P.T. Barnum in 1882.
WORD FAMILY
jumbo
USAGE EXAMPLES
In January, Boeing secured a contract from the Pentagon to start development work on the 747-8 jumbo jets that would replace the aging planes.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 06, 2016)
The Ktuxana Nation have resisted a scheme to build the Jumbo Valley resort since it was first proposed in 1991.
BBC(Nov 30, 2016)
Things get rolling Thursday when Mr. Trump and Vice-President-elect Mike Pence arrive in Cincinnati for a signature jumbo rally at a major local arena.
Washington Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 庞大的; 巨大的
n. 体大而笨拙的人或物; 大型喷气式客机; 庞然大物
分布：喷气式飞机(65%)，特大的(35%)
→来自Jumbo,19世纪末伦敦动物园一头大象的名字，可能来自西非某语言。由于该大象异常巨大且如此知名，因此引申词义巨大的，巨型的，并用于指大型客机，特别是波音747.
US [-boʊ] adjective [before noun]
■extremely large 特大（号）的；巨型的
• a jumbo bag of sweets 一大包糖果
• a jumbo- sized packet 特大号盒子
adj. 巨大的；特大的
 - huge, tremendous, enormous, massive, macro
n. 庞然大物； [航] 巨型喷气式飞机；体大而笨拙的人或物
 - monolith, leviathan

Word: nursery
Front: nursery
[ˈnɜ:səri] (高研四六雅 5632/3383 -2)
Vocabulary: nursery
(once / 560 pages)
1n 2n
In a nursery, you're going to find a lot of growth — and either babies or plants.
The word nurse is a clue to the meaning of nursery: nurses take care of people, and a nursery is a place of caretaking. One kind of nursery is for babies: it's a child's room with a crib and lots of baby toys. The other kind of nursery is for plants: this type of nursery usually has glass walls and a roof, plus everything plants need to be healthy. Nurseries keep plants or babies safe so they can grow.
WORD FAMILY
nursery: nurseries+/ nurse: nursed, nurser, nursery, nurses, nursing/nurser: nursers/nursing: nursings
USAGE EXAMPLES
At least one more additional license will likely be granted after a recent settlement between the Department of Health and two Southwest Florida nurseries.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
With Portugal’s rapid economic growth and nearly full employment, Guterres was able to set up a guaranteed minimum income and nursery schooling for all.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
His mother Lynne, who is from Essex, found a job as a nursery schoolteacher and his father as a coach at Guildford swimming club.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 婴儿室，幼儿园; 苗圃; 临时托儿所; 温床，滋生地
分布：托儿所(63%)，苗圃(31%)，保育室(6%)
→来自nurse,护理，照料。引申词义幼儿园，苗圃。
托儿所(nurse养育,护理+ery)[-ery 1.表名词"场所,地点"2.表名词"行为,情况"]
n.托儿所The nursery teacher made the children sit bolt upright.幼儿园的老师让孩子们笔直地坐着.
US ['nɝ:.sɚ-] noun countable
FOR CHILDREN 为儿童
 IMPROVER
■a place where young children and babies are taken care of while their parents are at work 幼儿园，托儿所
• Does Jake go to a nursery or a childminder? 杰克是去托儿所还是由家庭保育员照顾？
 IMPROVER
■a room in a house where small children sleep and play 育儿室
UK ['nɜ:.sər.i] US ['nɝ:.sɚ-] noun countable
FOR PLANTS 为植物
■a place where plants and trees are grown, especially for sale （尤指商业目的的）苗圃，育苗场
UK ['nɜ:.sər.i] US ['nɝ:.sɚ-] adjective [before noun]
■relating to the teaching of children who are between the ages of two or three to five years old 幼儿教育的
• Do you think the state should provide free nursery education ? 你认为国家应该提供免费幼儿教育吗？
n. [林] 苗圃；托儿所；温床
 - soil, nest

Word: robber
Front: robber
[ˈrɒbə(r)] (四六雅 9557/9868 -1)
Vocabulary: robber
(once / 388 pages)
n
A robber is someone who steals from another person. A bank robber might steal money from a teller by claiming to have a gun, while a robber baron is much more subtle.
Robbery is the crime that robbers commit, taking someone's property or money by hurting them or threatening to hurt them. You might picture train robbers in an old Western movie, galloping away with their loot shooting their guns in the air. In the nineteenth century, Americans began using the term "robber baron" to mean wealthy, unscrupulous businessmen.
WORD FAMILY
robber: robbers+/ rob: robbed, robber, robbery, robbing, robs/ robbery: robberies
USAGE EXAMPLES
He helped clear a woman’s son of a robbery charge by locating surveillance video that proved he was not the robber.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
As for the robbers, they fled on bicycles.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
In 2012, a convicted robber cut off his GPS bracelet and later challenged his conviction for doing so.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 强盗，盗贼
分布：强盗(86%)，盗贼(14%)
→来自 rob,抢劫，-er,人。
US ['rɑ:.bɚ] noun countable
■someone who steals 抢劫者；强盗；盗贼
• The robbers shot a policeman before making their getaway. 这伙强盗在逃走前开枪打死了一名员警。
burglar, gangster, thief, bandit, robber, pirate
这组词都有“资贼、强盗”的意思，其区别是：
burglar: 指夜间撬窗破门行窃的人。
gangster: 指结伙进行各种非法活动的武装歹徒。
thief: 普通用词含义广泛，一般专指盗窍者。
bandit: 指在乡间或小林地区结帮活动，使用恐吓或暴力行窃的人。现指有组织或单独进行抢窃的盗匪。
robber: 指以暴力或威胁等手段强行夺取他人财物的人。
pirate: 指海盗。
n. 强盗；盗贼
 - ladrone, bandit

Word: venerable
Vocabulary: venerable
(once / 480 pages)
adj
To be venerable is to be admired and respected because of your status or age. You become venerable by achieving great things or just by living long enough.
The adjective venerable means "admired" and "respected" — it should describe how you feel about old folks and bosses, for example. It describes the wise old man at the top of the mountain who tells you the meaning of life. As a noun, the Venerable refers to someone high up in a religion, usually Christian. In fact, Saint Bede, who is sometimes called the Father of English History, is often referred to as the Bede the Venerable.
WORD FAMILY
venerable: venerability, venerableness, venerablest, venerably+/venerability: venerabilities/ venerate: venerable, venerated, venerates, venerating, veneration, venerator/ veneration: venerations/venerator: venerators
USAGE EXAMPLES
USC will also reap the usual benefits from being at home during bowl week before playing at the venerable stadium 14 miles from campus.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
This venerable champagne house was celebrating the discovery of several hundred old bottles forgotten in its cellars.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Even so, it’s a slap at one of North Korea’s most venerable cultural institutions.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)

Word: subway
Front: subway
[ˈsʌbweɪ] (研四六托 5383/15658 -1)
Back: n. 地铁; 地下通道
分布：地铁(99%)，地下通道(1%)
→sub-,在下，way,道路。引申词义地铁。
n.地铁;地下行人隧道Anyway, the prayer swayed by me always goes away by subway.不管怎样,受我支配的祈祷者总是从地铁走向远方.
noun countable
PASSAGE 通道
 IMPROVER UK
■an underground passage which allows people on foot to cross a busy road 行人地下道，行人隧道（一种地下通道，可让人们步行，以便穿过某一繁忙的公路）
['sʌb.weɪ] noun countable
RAILWAY 铁路 mainly US a railway system in which electric trains travel along passages below ground 地铁；地铁交通
• We took the subway uptown to Yankee Stadium. 我们搭地铁到城外的洋基体育场去。
subway, tube, underground
这组词都有“地铁”的意思，其区别是：
subway: 指城市中的地铁或通道，主要用于美国。
tube: 主要用于英国口语中。
underground: 一般用词，指城市中的地铁，主要用于英国。
n. [铁路] 地铁；地道
 - sub, metro
vi. [铁路] 乘地铁
 - tube

Word: predicament
Front: predicament
[prɪˈdɪkəmənt] (宝 9468/9473 -1)
Vocabulary: predicament
(once / 1803 pages)
n
If you're engaged to get married but suddenly fall in love with someone else, you have gotten yourself into quite a predicament. A predicament is a difficult, confusing, and unpleasant situation.
The Greek word that predicament originally descends from means "a state of being." Which makes sense considering the words that sound like predicate are all about states of being––predict, or say what's going to happen in the future, and predicate the second part of a sentence that's led by the verb. Think of predicament as an unpleasant state of being.
WORD FAMILY
predicament: predicaments
USAGE EXAMPLES
Yes, this is possible to do, although usually it is the Jets who seem to find themselves on the other side of such a predicament.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Mr. Baker imbues the character with a tormented single-mindedness that neatly defines his predicament.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Because, wherever we are in history, our predicament is constant: It is always Russia.
Slate(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 困境，窘况; [逻]范畴
分布：困境(100%)
→来自拉丁语praedicamentum,预测之事，分类，品质，词源同predicate.后借用该拉丁词来翻译希腊语kategoria,分类，该词为古希腊哲学家亚里士多德对当时的社会进行分类后创造出来的词，共十类，即being,quantity,quality,relation,place,time,posture,possession,action,passion.引申词义情况，状况，后特别用于指不好的情况，即困难，窘境。
困境,险境(pre预先+dica命令+ment→预先命令做→进入危境)[dict,dic=say,assert,表示"说话,断言"]
困境(predica是predict"预言"的变体,预言会出现的困境)[-ment 1.表名词"行为或结果"2.表示具体物]
【记】pre前，dic＝dict说，ament：提前说出你的丑陋身世－困境；
【参】predication（n 断言，肯定）；prediction（n 预言）
US [prə-] slightly formal
noun countable
■an unpleasant situation which is difficult to get out of 尴尬的处境，窘境，困境
• She is hoping to get a loan from her bank to help her out of her financial predicament. 她希望能从银行得到一笔贷款以摆脱经济困境。
• I'm in a bit of a predicament because I've accidentally accepted two invitations to dinner on the same night. 我有些左右为难，因为我无意间接受了同一天晚上两顿晚餐的邀请。
n. 窘况，困境；状态
 - difficulty, status, corner, dilemma, fix

Word: brisk
Front: brisk
[brɪsk] (研四六托雅宝 9149/8623 -2)
Vocabulary: brisk
(once / 365 pages)
adjv
Brisk is one of those delightful words that sounds like what it means: quick, lively, bracing, and refreshing. There's nothing like a brisk walk in the morning to get the blood flowing and the spirit ready for the day.
Anything brisk is happening quickly but not too fast. Probably taken from the French brusque, which also means "quick," but in a more negative way, brisk can be used to describe not only physical actions but also more conceptual notions, such as brisk business around the holidays or brisk interactions at a speed-dating event. The soft-drink called Brisk must be called that for a good reason. Perhaps it picks you up!
WORD FAMILY
brisk: brisked, brisken, brisker, briskest, brisking, briskly, briskness, brisks
USAGE EXAMPLES
Few other drummers were as integral to the development of fusion as Mr. Mouzon, who combined volcanic intensity with a brisk attunement to dynamic flow.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
"The brisk upswing in mortgage rates and not enough inventory dispirited some would-be buyers," the NAR said in a statement accompanying the figures.
Reuters(Dec 28, 2016)
Here, seven that offer everything from brisk efficiency tips to profound discussions that will help you grapple with life’s bigger questions.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 快的; 轻快的; 爽快而清新的; 兴隆的
vi. 活跃起来; 变得轻快
vt. 使…活泼; 使…轻快
级别：brisker, briskest
分布：轻快的(44%)，活跃的(24%)，活泼的(19%)，凛冽的(7%)，敏锐的(6%)
→词源不详。可能同broom, 扫帚。比较brusque，扫帚，词义贬化，不分青分皂白的，唐突的。此处词义褒化，横扫千钧的，敏捷的。
a.轻快的;生气勃勃的;兴隆的The market brisked up.市场兴旺起来.
【记】读：不risk。不冒险就难受－充满生机的和有活力的
【反】ponderous（adj 沉重的）
adjective
■quick, energetic and active 轻快的，生气勃勃的
• a brisk walk 轻快的步伐
• He set a brisk pace and we struggled to keep up. 他步伐矫健，我们在后面拼命跟着。
• Her tone on the telephone was brisk (= she spoke quickly and used few words) and businesslike. 电话里她的语气简洁干练。
active, energetic, vigorous, brisk, lively
这些形容词均有“积极的，活跃的”之意。
active: 指有活动能力，强调与消极或休止相反的积极活动状态。
energetic: 提精力充沛、奋力从事某事业。
vigorous: 指不仅表现积极、有生气，而且固有精力和活力十分旺盛。
brisk: 指动作敏捷、充满活力、轻快活泼地从事某项工作或活动。
lively: 侧重支轮船快，机智，有生气。
adj. 敏锐的，活泼的，轻快的；凛冽的
 - alive, acute, keen, lively, activated
vi. 活跃起来；变得轻快
 - come alive, out of one's shell

Word: bumpy
Front: bumpy
[ˈbʌmpi] (12588/14672 -1)
Vocabulary: bumpy
(once / 7965 pages)
adj
Bumpy means not smooth, as in covered in lumps and bumps, like a bumpy path that makes your car bounce, or a bumpy road to getting your parents to lend you the car.
Anything covered in bumps is bumpy, whether it’s a road, the skin of a toad, or the surface of the birthday cake you made for your brother. It can also describe a ride full of unexpected jolts and bumps: "It was a bumpy journey along the mountain passes in her Jeep." Figuratively, bumpy can also describe a difficult process: "What a bumpy ride that was, getting my visa to travel to China!"
WORD FAMILY
bumpy: bumpier, bumpiest, bumpily, bumpiness+/ bump: bumped, bumper, bumping, bumps, bumpy / bumper: bumpers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Because health reform, President Obama’s signature achievement, is stabilizing after a bumpy year.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
But things got bumpy on campus in Norman.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Unless the company ends up with its own quasi-monopoly, grabbing a big chunk of that back for investors may prove a very bumpy road.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 崎岖的; 颠簸的; 气流不稳的
级别：bumpier, bumpiest
分布：颠簸的(56%)，崎岖不平的(44%)
adjective
■not smooth 颠簸的
• We drove along a narrow, bumpy road. 我们行驶在崎岖不平的小路上。
• It might be a bumpy flight (= an uncomfortable and rough flight) because there's a lot of air turbulence ahead. 这次飞行可能会颠得不舒服，因为前面有许多气流。
['bʌm.pi] adjective
have a bumpy ride informal
■to have a difficult time 经历困难；处境艰难
• She's had a bumpy ride at work over the last few months. 过去的几个月里，她在工作上很不顺利。
adj. 颠簸的；崎岖不平的
 - jouncy, jolty

Word: wrench
Front: wrench
[rentʃ] (研六雅宝 10376/10564 -1)
Vocabulary: wrench
(once / 827 pages)
nv
To wrench means to grab or pull something with a lot of physical force. See this teddy bear? If you want it, you’ll have to wrench it out of my hands, because I’m not willing to give it up.
Maybe you have a wrench at home, that is, a hand tool that is used to hold or twist a nut or a pipe joint. If so, you also have a great way to remember what wrench the verb means. Just imagine you're twisting with a wrench, except instead of using a tool, you’re using your hands. If something is heart wrenching, it makes you feel very sad. If you wrench a part of your body, you strain, pull or twist it, injuring yourself in some way.
WORD FAMILY
wrench: wrenched, wrenches, wrenching+/wrenching: wrenchingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
A woman was sitting in the car, and a man was trying to open the boxes with a screwdriver and wrench.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
As he was questioned, the soldiers twisted the wrench, he said.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
What’s even more wrenching is that at the time of his death, Michael was poised for a major resurgence.
Salon(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 扳手; 扭伤; 突然的悲痛
vt. 扭伤; 扭转; 歪曲
时态：wrenched, wrenching, wrenches
分布：猛扭(29%)，痛苦(26%)，扭伤(24%)，曲解(13%)，挣脱(8%)
→来自wer,弯，转，拧，词源同wring,wrest。引申义猛拉。
v.猛拧;挣脱;使扭伤n.扳手;痛苦,难受He wrenched the window open.他把窗户撬开.
【记】wr＝wry（v 扭曲），ench
verb
transitive + adverb or preposition
■to pull and twist something suddenly or violently away from a fixed position 猛拉；猛扭；猛扯
• The photographer tripped over a lead, wrenching a microphone from its stand. 摄影师被一根电线绊了一下，将一支麦克风从底座上猛扯了下来。
• The phone had been wrenched from/off the wall. 电话从墙上被猛地扯了下来。
• The ball was wrenched out of his grasp by another player. 球被另一名球员从他手中猛地抢了过去。
• His hands were tied but he managed to wrench himself free. 他双手被绑，但他设法挣脱开来。
transitive
■to twist part of your body badly, such as your arm or leg, and injure it 扭伤（身体部位）
• He wrenched his right shoulder during a game of hockey. 他在一场曲棍球比赛中扭伤了自己的右肩。
transitive usually passive
■to suddenly take someone from people they love, causing them great unhappiness 夺走（某人）；拆散
• At the age of eight, she was wrenched from her foster parents and sent to live with another family. 八岁时，她被人从养父母身边夺走，送去与另一家人一起生活。
[rentʃ] noun
TOOL 工具
countable mainly US
■a spanner , usually one which can be made larger or smaller for holding and turning objects of different sizes 扳手
• an adjustable wrench 活动扳手
⇒ See also monkey wrench
[rentʃ] noun
PULL 拉
countable usually singular
■a sudden, violent twist or pull 猛扭；猛拉；猛扯
[rentʃ] noun
UNHAPPY FEELING 痛苦
only singular
■a feeling of unhappiness when you have to leave a person or place that you love （被迫离开某人或某地时的）痛苦，难受
• She found leaving home a real wrench. 她发现离开家是一件非常痛苦的事。
n. 扳手， [机] 扳钳；扭伤；痛苦；歪曲；猛扭
 - violence, smart, strain, hurt
vt. 扭伤；猛扭；曲解；折磨
 - harry, worry, trouble, tear
vi. 扭伤；猛扭；猛绞
 - rick

Word: cramp
Front: cramp
[kræmp] (宝 12410/14012 -1)
Vocabulary: cramp
(once / 918 pages)
1nv 2nv 3v
When a muscle in your body tenses up painfully, it's a cramp. If you get a cramp in your leg when you're swimming, you have to stop and stretch out the muscle until the cramp goes away.
Muscle cramps are a side effect of exercise and fatigue, and they can often be avoided by stretching before and after a run or a game of basketball. Cramp is also a verb, meaning both "contract painfully," and also "hold back, or prevent free movement." This is what you mean when you say, "Mom, please don't walk me in to school — you'll cramp my style."
WORD FAMILY
cramp: cramped, cramping, cramps
USAGE EXAMPLES
He looked around the cramped shop, which contained nearly everything he owned.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
The case involved a newly pregnant woman experiencing abdominal cramping and fever.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
They lived in a cramped apartment on Ft.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 痛性痉挛，抽筋; （腹部）绞痛; 夹子，扣钉; （制靴）弓状木
vt. 使痉挛，使抽筋; <俚>使扫兴; 用夹子夹紧; 限制，束缚
adj. 难懂的，难认的; 受拘束的，狭窄的
时态：cramped, cramping, cramps
分布：抽筋(43%)，痉挛(31%)，使痉挛(8%)，束缚(8%)，夹钳(8%)，用夹钳夹紧(2%)
→来自ger, 转，弯，围，词源同crank, crook. 比喻义肌肉打弯的，抽筋的。
【记】源于clamp（n 夹子）；clam（n 蛤蜊）
noun
countable or uncountable
■a sudden painful tightening in a muscle, often after a lot of exercise, which limits movement 痉挛，抽筋（常出现在大量运动后）
• Several runners needed treatment for UKcramp/ UScramps and exhaustion. 有几个跑步者因为抽筋和体力衰竭需要治疗。
• I've got UKcramp/ USa cramp in my foot. 我的脚抽筋了。
• stomach cramps 胃痉挛
cramps [plural]
■pains in the lower stomach caused by a woman's period （女性经期的）腹绞痛
[kræmp] verb transitive
■to limit someone, especially to prevent them from enjoying a full life 限制，束缚；阻碍，妨碍
• Worry and lack of money cramp the lives of the unemployed. 焦虑和缺钱束缚着失业者的生活。
[kræmp] verb transitive
cramp sb's style informal humorous
■to prevent someone from enjoying themselves as much as they would like, especially by going somewhere with them （尤指与某人同往某处而）束缚（某人）的手脚，妨碍（某人）水准的发挥
n. 痉挛，绞痛； [五金] [机] 铁夹钳
 - fit, spasm
vt. 束缚，限制；使…抽筋；以铁箍扣紧
 - chain, block
adj. 狭窄的；难解的；受限制的
 - narrow, restricted, mysterious, confined, strait

Word: compassion
Front: compassion
[kəmˈpæʃn] (研托宝 4986/7736 -2)
Vocabulary: compassion
(once / 347 pages)
n
If someone shows kindness, caring, and a willingness to help others, they're showing compassion.
This is a word for a very positive emotion that has to do with being thoughtful and decent. Giving to a charity takes compassion. Volunteering to work with sick people or animals takes compassion. When you have compassion, you're putting yourself in someone else's shoes and really feeling for them. Anytime a disaster like a hurricane or earthquake hits, others will feel compassion for the victims. When you feel compassion for someone, you really want to help out.
WORD FAMILY
compassion: compassionate, compassions+/ compassionate: compassionated, compassionately, compassionateness, compassionates, compassionating, uncompassionate/uncompassionate: uncompassionately
USAGE EXAMPLES
And if we expect better from others, then we must expect better from ourselves, must find greater depths of forgiveness and compassion.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
So he thinks Gibson should be shown more compassion?
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
And she displayed such genuine compassion and kindness.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 怜悯，同情; 恻隐之心
分布：同情(70%)，怜悯(30%)
→com-, 强调。-pat, 情感，忍受，词源同patient, passion.
同情(com+passion爱国者→同胞)[com-,con-表示"共同"]
同情(com共同+pass+ion→共同感情→同情)[pass=felling表示"感情"]
n.同情;怜悯(for)Her heart was filled with compassion for the children.她对孩子们充满了怜悯心.
【记】com共同，passion（n 感情）－引起共同感情－同情
【参】dispassionate（adj 心平气和的）；impassive（adj 冷淡的）compassionate（adj 有同情心的＝sympathetic）
【反】indifference（n 不关心）
[kəm'pæʃ.ən] approving
noun uncountable
■a strong feeling of sympathy and sadness for the suffering or bad luck of others and a wish to help them 同情，怜悯，恻隐之心
• I was hoping she might show a little compassion. 我当时想她或许会表现出一点点同情心。
pity, sympathy, compassion, mercy
这组词都有“同情、怜悯”的意思，其区别是：
pity: 指对弱者、不幸者所表示的怜惜之情。
sympathy: 普通常用词，含义广。指志趣、看法上的一致，也指感情相投，带有深深的恻隐之心的亲切之情。
compassion: 较正式较庄重用词，指对同等人的同情与理解，常含急切愿意帮忙的意味。
mercy: 侧重指对应受惩罚或地位卑下者的慈悲或怜悯。
n. 同情；怜悯
 - feeling, sympathy, pity, mercy

Word: demon
Front: demon
[ˈdi:mən] (5407/7821 -1)
Vocabulary: demon
(once / 389 pages)
n
A demon is an evil, mythical monster or spirit. Stories about demons are featured in a variety of different religious traditions.
You might come across a demon in a supernatural fairy tale, or even in the Christian Bible. Demons are often interchangeable with devils, and both words are sometimes used to talk about a cruel, fiendish person. If you're extremely good at something, you also might be described as a demon: "She's a demon at bowling." The Greek root, daimon, doesn't have the same negative connotations — it means "spirit or deity."
WORD FAMILY
demon: demonic, demonise, demonism, demonize, demons+/ demonic: demonically/demonise: demonisation, demonised/demonism: demonolatry/demonization: demonizations/demonize: demonization, demonized, demonizes, demonizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
My mom’s own body-image demons clouded her ability to determine what was truly best for my body.
Salon(Jan 01, 2017)
It is we who are the true monsters and brutes and demons and wild things, not them.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
Northwestern State: The Lady Demons entered the game with a 79.6 percent showing from the free-throw line, which ranked 6th in the nation.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 魔鬼; 恶魔; 精力过人的人; 邪念
分布：恶魔(65%)，魔鬼(32%)，精力充沛的人(2%)，高手(1%)
→来自da, 分开，分配，命运的分配者。原指神灵，后词义贬义化，指魔鬼。
noun
countable
■an evil spirit 恶魔，魔鬼
countable usually singular approving
■a person who does a particular activity with great skill or energy 技法纯熟者；干劲十足的人
• She works like a demon. 她工作起来很拼命。
• Stefan has a demon serve. 史提芬的发球威力很大。
countable
■a person who behaves very badly 坏蛋；淘气鬼
• humorous That's the last time I look after her kids - I'll be glad when the little demons go home. 这是我最后一次帮她带孩子——真希望她快把这帮小坏蛋带回家。
countable
■a negative feeling which causes you to worry or behave badly 灰暗心理，颓废心理
• She had her demons and, later in life, they drove her to drink. 她精神颓废，后来染上了酗酒恶习。
['di:.mən] noun
the demon drink (US the demon alcohol) humorous
■alcohol and its unpleasant effects 邪恶的酒精
n. 恶魔；魔鬼；精力充沛的人；邪恶的事物
 - devil, Iblis

Word: pizza
Front: pizza
[ˈpi:tsə] (3918/7979 -2)
Vocabulary: pizza
(once / 3280 pages)
n
Pizza is a round, baked crust topped with melted cheese and tomato sauce. If you order a slice of pepperoni, you must like pizza.
Pizza was an Italian invention, but over the years it's become extremely popular all around the world. The first recorded use of the word pizza (literally "pie" in Italian) was in the tenth century, in a Latin document that stipulated delivery of duodecim pizze, or "twelve pizzas" to a certain bishop on Christmas Day. Pizza as we know it today was created in Naples sometime during the nineteenth century.
WORD FAMILY
pizza: pizzas
USAGE EXAMPLES
As the songwriters strummed guitars and punched lyrics into their phones, Pine’s children splashed in a swimming pool and a chef prepared brick-oven pizzas.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But the mall, with its awfully affordable S. Klein Department store, a two-screen movie theater and a pizza parlor, was a hit.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Imagine the heat of a wood-fired pizza oven, with the pressure you would experience 2km under the sea.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 意大利薄饼，比萨饼
分布：比萨饼(100%)
→来自意大利语pizza,糕点，馅饼，词源不详。可能来自希腊语pitta,糕点，馅饼，来自peptos,烧制的，来自pekw,烧，煮，煎，词源同cook,peptic,pitta.
(US old-fashioned also pizza pie)
noun countable or uncountable
 IMPROVER
■a large circle of flat bread baked with cheese, tomatoes, and sometimes meat and vegetables spread on top 比萨
• a slice of pizza 一块比萨
• I like a lot of different pizza toppings. 我喜欢好多不同的比萨馅料。
• deep UKpan / USdish pizza 厚比萨

Word: runaway
Front: runaway
[ˈrʌnəweɪ] (9955/14041 -1)
Vocabulary: runaway
(once / 997 pages)
1n 2adj 3n
A runaway is a person — often a child or teenager — who leaves home. A runaway is usually unhappy at home, and most runaways have families that are desperate to find them.
A kid who grabs some snacks and hides out all night in his neighbor's tree house is one kind of runaway — a more serious runaway is a teenager who hitchhikes to a city and lives on the street or in a shelter. You can also use the word as an adjective to mean "out of control," like a runaway car rolling down a hill with no driver, or a movie that's a runaway success, making more money than anyone thought possible.
WORD FAMILY
runaway: runaways
USAGE EXAMPLES
There’s no obvious, runaway favorite, so this means we all yell at each other about it for several weeks.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Those runaway hits are contributing to what industry sources are projecting to be a record year at the box office.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The victim was a runaway and authorities are trying to locate her parents or guardians.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 逃走的，逃亡的; 私奔的; 失去控制的; 物价飞涨的
n. 逃跑，逃亡; 逃走者，逃亡者; 脱缰之马; 失控
分布：失控的(65%)，逃跑的(19%)，逃亡(9%)，逃跑者(5%)，迅速的(2%)
adjective
■out of control or escaped from somewhere 失控的；逃跑的
• A runaway bus/horse caused chaos on the streets. 一辆公共汽车失控了／一匹马脱缰了，导致街道上一片混乱。
• a runaway child sleeping on the streets 离家出走露宿街头的小孩
• figurative Her first novel's runaway (= surprisingly big) success came as a great surprise. 她的第一部小说大获成功，真是大大出人意料。
adj. 逃亡的；逃走的
 - fugitive, escaped
n. 逃跑；逃走的人
 - escape

Word: sauce
Front: sauce
[sɔ:s] (高研四六雅 2289/4226 -K3)
Back: n. 调味汁; 酱汁; 〈非〉莽撞无礼; 〈俚〉烈酒
vt. 调味或加沙司于…; 给…增加趣味或风味; 〈非〉对…无礼
时态：sauced, saucing, sauces
分布：酱汁(53%)，调味汁(41%)，使 ... 增加趣味(2%)，对 ... 无礼(2%)，给 ... 调味(2%)
→来自古法语 sauce,沙司，来自 sausse,沙司，来自拉丁语 salsa,盐渍的，加盐的食物，词源同 salt,souse.字母 l 软化成 u.引申比喻义加料，粗俗行为。
n.酱汁,调味汁In the beautiful bureau my daughter's laughter served for the sauce of the sausage.在漂亮的办公署,女儿的笑声充当了香肠的调料.
US [sɑ:s] noun
THICK LIQUID 浓液体
 ESSENTIAL countable or uncountable
■a thick liquid eaten with food to add flavour 调味汁，酱
• a savoury/sweet sauce 咸／甜酱汁
• tomato sauce 番茄酱
uncountable US slang
■alcohol 酒
• Gran's been on the sauce again - she's passed out in the den. 奶奶又喝酒了——她醉倒在房间里。
UK [sɔ:s] US [sɑ:s] noun
RUDENESS 无礼
uncountable old-fashioned
■remarks which are rude or which show no respect 无礼的话，粗俗的话
• That's enough of your sauce, my girl! 你无礼的话说够了吧，我的小姐！
UK [sɔ:s] US [sɑ:s] noun
What's sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander. old-fashioned saying
■said to emphasize that if one person is allowed to do something or to behave in a particular way, then another person must be allowed to do that thing or behave in that way, too 适用于此者也应适用于彼；应该一视同仁
n. 酱油；沙司；调味汁
 - soy, shoyu
vt. 使增加趣味；给…调味
 - season

Word: miniature
Front: miniature
[ˈmɪnətʃə(r)] (研六托宝 6061/6408 -2)
Vocabulary: miniature
(once / 685 pages)
1adjn 2n
Things that are miniature are teeny tiny versions of something else. Think miniature poodle. Unless you don't like small dogs. Then think miniature footballs. Aww, cute.
When something is a miniature, it is like it has been shrunk down in size. It's not just small, it's a small replica of something else. If you made a dollhouse that was a scale representation of your own house, it would be a miniature of your home. It would also be a little weird.
WORD FAMILY
miniature: miniatures, miniaturise, miniaturist, miniaturize+/miniaturise: miniaturisation/miniaturist: miniaturists/miniaturize: miniaturization, miniaturized, miniaturizes, miniaturizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
But with the rise of the mobile phone, the redundant kiosks are increasingly being put to inventive uses, from miniature art galleries to pint-sized pubs.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
She described the new stamps as part of a showcase of “miniature works of art to help continue telling America’s story.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Arrange torn leaves on plates and spoon the dressed beets over them, or keep the leaves whole and fill them like miniature seafaring vessels.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 小型的，微小的
n. 微型复制品; 微小模型; 微型画; 微型人像画
vt. 使成小型; 把…画成纤细画; 缩写
分布：小型的(40%)，小规模的(19%)，小模型(16%)，缩图(16%)，小画像(9%)
→来自意大利语miniatura,小插图，小插画，来自拉丁语miniare,涂红，来自minium,红铅。一种古罗马时期的红色涂料，类似于朱砂，在古代用于给手稿绘制插图，引申词义缩微模型，微型画等。并由该词衍生于常见前缀mini-,小的，短的。miniature 缩微模型，微型画，细密画
小画象,缩影(mini+ature表示物品→小物品→小画象)[mini-表示"小"]
小型物;雏形(mini+ature东西→小东西)[mini,min=small,表示"小"]
小画像,缩影(mini小)[-ture表名词,通常在单词或词根以t结尾时使用,表示"一般状态,行为"…ature","iture"注:-ture在s结尾的词根后变成-sure]
n.缩小的模型,缩图a.微型的,缩小的The administrator diminished the feminine miniature to minimal size.管理员将女性缩样缩减到最小尺寸.
US [-tʃɚ] adjective [before noun]
■describes something which is a very small copy of an object 微型的；小型的；微小的
• I bought some miniature furniture for my niece's dolls' house. 我为我侄女的玩具屋买了一些模型家俱模型。
UK ['mɪn.ɪ.tʃər] US [-tʃɚ] noun countable
PAINTING 画
■a very small painting, usually of a person 微型画；小画像
UK ['mɪn.ɪ.tʃər] US [-tʃɚ] noun countable
ALCOHOLIC DRINK 酒精饮料
■a very small bottle of alcoholic drink 小瓶装的酒
UK ['mɪn.ɪ.tʃər] US [-tʃɚ] noun countable
in miniature
■smaller than usual 缩小的；微型的
• He's made a model of our village, with all the buildings and roads in miniature. 他做了个我们村庄的模型，里面有所有建筑物和道路的缩微景观。
minute, tiny, little, small, miniature
这组词都有“小的”的意思，其区别是：
minute: 指小得难看见，有时需用显微镜才看得见。
tiny: 强调与同类或其他物体比较，小得超出正常比例，有时带强烈的感情色彩。
little: 指在体积、数量、距离、年龄、身材等方面比正常的小，多带主观感情色彩，含小而可爱或小巧的意味。
small: 多指数量、面积、体积、价值、数字或意义等的小或少，指略小于正常的大小。
miniature: 指由正常体积微缩的物体。
adj. 微型的，小规模的
 - petty, small-scale
n. 缩图；微型画；微型图画绘画术
 - contracted drawing, microcosm

Word: alley
Front: alley
[ˈæli] (高雅 4340/6528 -1)
Vocabulary: alley
(once / 594 pages)
n
An alley is a narrow street with walls or buildings on both sides, like the dark alley everyone warns you not to walk down alone.
Alley comes from the Old French word alee, meaning "a path, passage, way, corridor," which itself likely comes from the Latin word ambulare "to walk." That sums up what an alley is — a street that is usually too narrow for cars, though it is easy to walk there. However, alleys are often associated with danger and crime because they don't have much light shining in them, and it is easy for shady characters to hide.
WORD FAMILY
alley: alleys
USAGE EXAMPLES
Police say Kedarie was found in an alley with several gunshot wounds.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The entrance was off a back alley, where donations of $10 were collected.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Some works look like what you might find in New York City alleys, with torn posters and graffiti and the history of the culture.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 胡同，小巷; 小径; 球道
分布：巷(62%)，胡同(27%)，球道(10%)，跑道(1%)
→单词amble的异体。
【区】allay：lay躺－减轻alloy：o象钢圈－合金alley：e曲里拐弯的－胡同
noun countable (also alleyway)
■a narrow road or path between buildings, or a path in a park or garden, especially with trees or bushes on both sides 小街；小巷，胡同；（尤指两边有树或灌木的）小径
['æl.i] noun countable
up/down your alley US and Australian English
■to be the type of thing that you are interested in or that you enjoy doing 合口味；为（某人）所喜爱
• Kate loves dancing, so salsa lessons would be right up her alley. 凯特喜欢跳舞，所以萨尔萨舞蹈课正合她的口味。
n. 小巷；小路； [建] 小径
 - path, lane

Word: stature
Front: stature
[ˈstætʃə(r)] (托宝 7893/9618 -1)
Vocabulary: stature
(once / 694 pages)
n
Stature can refer to a person's height or the high level of respect with which she is regarded. Your grandmother might be small in stature, or height, but have great stature, or esteem, in her community.
Stature comes from the Latin word statura, meaning "height, size of body, growth," but today, it also means "a high level of respect gained by achievement." For example, after you win a Nobel Prize, your new stature will bring new fans, more sales of your book, invitations to many exclusive dinner parties, and maybe even your picture on magazine covers all over the world.
WORD FAMILY
stature: statures
USAGE EXAMPLES
Harwood is a sixty-six-year-old man of medium stature who speaks with the kind of rural accent that sometimes drops the last letters of words.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
The oddity is allowing this nifty little rebuilding project to accelerate and grow in stature.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Connecticut: The Huskies did nothing to tarnish their stature as the best women’s basketball team in the country.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. （特指人的）身长，身材; 声望; 发展、成长的状况或高度
分布：身高(88%)，名望(12%)
→来自拉丁语 statura,身高，身长，尺寸，生长状况，来自 stare,站立，词源同 stand,state.
身长;身材(stat+ure)[st,sta,stat,stan,stant,stin=stand表示"站,立"]
【记】stat站，ure－身高
【参】statuary（n 雕象）；statuette（n 小雕像）tte结尾表示小
US [-ɚ] noun
REPUTATION 声誉
uncountable
■the good reputation a person or organization has, based on their behaviour and ability 声望；声誉
• an artist of great stature 才高德劭的艺术家
• His stature as an art critic was tremendous. 他作为艺术评论家，享有非常高的声誉。
• If the school continues to gain in stature, it will attract the necessary financial support. 如果学校能继续提高声誉，将会吸引到必要的资金补助。
UK ['stætʃ.ər] US [-ɚ] noun
HEIGHT 高度
countable usually singular slightly formal
■(especially of people) height 高度；（尤指）身高
• His red hair and short stature made him easy to recognize. 他红头发，五短身材，很容易认出来。
n. 身高， [人类] 身材；（精神、道德等的）高度
 - height, shape, altitude

Word: shady
Front: shady
[ˈʃeɪdi] (研四六 9404/11536 -1)
Vocabulary: shady
(once / 861 pages)
adj
Any place that's protected from the glare and heat of the sun is shady, as in a "shady nook." But as its darkened nature implies, shady has the equally popular meaning of "suspicious, dangerous, or deceitful." A "shady character" is up to no good.
The metaphorical meaning of shady has long been embraced by slang. Since at least the 1950's, the phrase "got it made in the shade" means having a great and easy life or job (picture eastern sultans being shaded by servants holding giant leaves). The rap sultan Eminem calls his evil alter-ego "Slim Shady," conjuring up a devilish suggestion of the Prince of Darkness himself — someone who definitely lives in a shady neighborhood.
WORD FAMILY
shady: shadier, shadiest, shadily, shadiness+/shade: shaded, shadeed, shades, shading, shady /shaded: unshaded/shading: shadings
USAGE EXAMPLES
When White’s role in the swearing-in ceremony was reported Wednesday, the Daily Beast said in a headline, “Shady Pastor to Pray With Trump at Inauguration.”
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
If this sounds shady to you, then you’re not alone.
Salon(Dec 29, 2016)
That may be because they're most likely to find it in permanently shady craters at the poles, a difficult place for solar-powered rovers to reach.
Science Magazine(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 背阴的; 隐蔽的; 名声不好的; 可疑的
级别：shadier, shadiest
分布：荫凉的(53%)，可疑的(47%)
a.成荫的,多荫的;可疑的,靠不住的It's cool and shady under the tree.在树下很阴凉.
adjective
SLIGHT DARKNESS 昏暗
■sheltered from direct light from the sun 阴凉的；阴暗的
• We sat on the shady grass for our picnic. 我们坐在阴凉的草地上野餐。
['ʃeɪ.di] adjective
DISHONEST 不老实的 informal
■dishonest or illegal 不老实的；不正当的；非法的
• They know some very shady characters. 他们认识一些行为非常可疑的人物。
• He was involved in shady deals in the past. 过去他参与了一些不可告人的勾当。
adj. 成荫的；阴暗的；名声不好的
 - umbriferous, dull

Word: skull
Front: skull
[skʌl] (研托 4244/4520 -2)
Back: n. 颅骨，头盖骨; 脑袋; 脑子; [冶]渣壳，熔铁上的浮渣
分布：头骨(96%)，骷髅头(4%)
→可能来自古诺斯语 skalli,秃头，词源同 shell,外壳，壳体。
n.头盖骨,颅骨The man has an empty skull.这个人脑袋空空.
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■the bones of the head, which surround the brain and give the head its shape 头（盖）骨，颅骨
• The soldiers discovered a pile of human skulls and bones. 士兵们发现了一堆人的头盖骨和白骨。
[skʌl] noun countable
get sth into your (thick) skull informal
■to understand something with difficulty 很难理解
• Has he got the truth into his thick skull yet? 他还没有弄清楚实情？
n. 头盖骨，脑壳
 - crania, braincase

Word: brothel
Front: brothel
[ˈbrɒθl] (12966/12138 -1)
Back: n. 妓院
分布：妓院(100%)
→来自break的比喻义，原指堕落的人，后指妓女，最后指妓女呆的地方。
US ['brɑ:.θəl] noun countable
■a place where men go and pay to have sex with prostitutes 妓院
n. 妓院
 - bordello, bawdyhouse, lupanar, hookshop

Word: dove
Front: dove
[dʌv] (研六 7715/9864 -1)
Back: n. 鸽; 纯洁的人，天真无邪的人; 〈美〉（政界的）鸽派人士; 德芙（巧克力品牌）
v. 潜水( dive的过去式)
分布：鸽子(93%)，鸽派人物(5%)，温和派人物(2%)
→词源同dive, 潜水。因鸽子的飞翔动作如同潜水而得名。
n.鸽子The dove is a symbol of peace.鸽子是和平的象征.
US [doʊv] mainly US past simple of
■ dive
pigeon, dove
这组词都有“鸽”的意思，其区别是：
pigeon: 多指家鸽。
dove: 指较小品种的鸽，美国称为野鸽。
n. 鸽子；鸽派人士
 - pigeon, La paloma
v. 潜水（dive的过去式）
 - dived

Word: drip
Front: drip
[drɪp] (研四六托 6019/7196 -2)
Vocabulary: drip
(once / 519 pages)
nv
When water flows slowly in tiny drops, it drips. The movement of water in this way is called a drip.
Have you ever had a leaky faucet? Then you probably know a drip is water leaking out one drop at a time: drip drip drip. A broken faucet has a drip, and you can say the water is dripping. When it rains, it usually starts dripping before it rains harder. When you turn on the shower, it might start as drips. Once the water is flowing strongly and in a stream, it's not dripping anymore.
WORD FAMILY
drip: dripless, dripped, dripping, drippy, drips+/dripping: drippings/drippy: drippiest, drippiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The immunity IV drip involves one litre of hydration and is designed to "combat superbugs and common viruses", according to the Drip Doctors website.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Yours may drip like a spaniel’s, too, but every bite of that tender, fragrant pork was worth it.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Instead, it was a slow drip of weakness as China continued to intervene heavily in markets to prop up the yuan against a surging dollar.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. （使）滴下
vi. 滴出; 含有; 充满; 充溢
n. 滴答，滴答滴答的声音; 水滴; [医]点滴; 点滴（的信息等）
时态：dripped, dripping, drips
分布：滴(85%)，点滴(8%)，滴下(6%)，乏味的人(1%)
→来自dhreu, 滴，词源同drop.
v.滴下,漏水n.滴,水滴,点滴The chop shopkeeper let the blood drip to the crops.排骨店老板让血滴到庄稼上.
verb (-pp-)
intransitive or transitive
■If a liquid drips, it falls in drops, or you make it fall in drops （使）滴下
• Water dripped down the wall. 水顺着墙滴下来。
• She dripped paint on the carpet. 她把油漆滴在了地毯上。
intransitive
■to produce drops of liquid 滴落；滴水
• Watch out - the candle's dripping. 小心——蜡烛滴油了。
[drɪp] verb (-pp-)
be dripping with sth humorous
■to be wearing a lot of something （某物）穿戴很多的…
• She was absolutely dripping with gold/jewels. 她满身金饰／穿戴一身宝石。
[drɪp] noun
LIQUID 液体
countable
■a drop of liquid 一滴；滴液
• drips of paint/sweat 几滴油漆／汗珠
only singular
■the sound or action of liquid falling in drops 滴水声；滴下
• All I could hear was the drip of the rain from the roof. 我只能听到雨水从房顶滴下来的声音。
countable UK (US also IV)
■a method of slowly giving someone liquid medicine or food through a tube into one of their veins , or a piece of equipment for doing this 输液；点滴注射器
• He was on a drip for three days. 已经给他打了三天点滴了。
[drɪp] noun
PERSON 人
countable informal disapproving
■a boring person without a strong character 没有个性的人，乏味的人
• Her husband is such a drip. 她的丈夫真是无聊透顶。
[drɪp] noun
drip, drip, (drip)
■used to describe a process in which something bad happens very slowly 形容坏事缓慢发生的过程
• the steady drip, drip, drip with which small independently-owned shops are disappearing 小型个体商店的渐渐消失
drip, leak
这组词都有“滴，漏”的意思，其区别是：
drip: 侧重以点滴形式下落，也指漏出或溢出。
leak: 侧重液体或气体等从容器漏出，或泄漏了消息。
vi. 滴下；充满；漏下
 - abound with, be imbued with
n. 水滴， [建] 滴水声；静脉滴注；使人厌烦的人
 - waterdrop
vt. 使滴下；溢出，发出
 - flood, emit

Word: cellular
Front: cellular
[ˈseljələ(r)] (托 5796/7393 -1)
Back: adj. 细胞的; 由细胞组成的; 多孔的; 蜂窝状
分布：手机(52%)，细胞的(36%)，多孔的(10%)，蜂窝式的(2%)
→来自cell, 小室，因其小室结构而得名，无线蜂窝电话义因其单个电线竿辐射范围好比单个小室而得名。
细胞的(cell细胞)[-ular表形容词"有…形状或性质的"]
US [-lɚ] adjective
ORGANISM 生物
■connected with the cells of a plant or animal 细胞的
UK ['sel.jʊ.lər] US [-lɚ] adjective
PART 部分
■made of small parts 由小单位元（部分）组成的
• The organization has a cellular structure (= is made of many small groups that work independently). 该组织由许多各自独立的小分支机构组成。
adj. [细胞] [数] 细胞的； [岩] 多孔的；由细胞组成的
 - vuggy, polyporous
n. 移动电话；单元
 - unit, mobilephone

Word: oddity
Front: oddity
[ˈɒdəti] (13984/13977 -1)
Vocabulary: oddity
(once / 3126 pages)
n
An oddity is anything strange or unusual. Wearing ear muffs during a heat wave would be considered an oddity, because most people wouldn't do that.
Anything odd is weird, strange, unusual, or bizarre. Oddities are things like that. Calling good friends "sir" would be an oddity, since that word is usually used in formal situations. Oddities can also be objects, especially unusual objects or souvenirs someone might collect.
WORD FAMILY
oddity: oddities+/ odd: odder, oddest, oddingly, oddish, oddity, oddly, oddness/oddness: oddnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Plus there's room for oddities, such as a device that claims to be able to record smells.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
The oddity is allowing this nifty little rebuilding project to accelerate and grow in stature.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
At one moment in the show, celestial firework patterns in shapes of stars and fireworks lit up the sky as Bowie’s song “Space Oddity” played.
Time(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 奇特，奇异; 怪癖; 怪人，怪事
分布：古怪(44%)，怪人(25%)，怪事(18%)，奇异(13%)
→来自odd,怪异的，-ity,名词后缀。
US ['ɑ:.də.tˌi] noun countable
■someone or something that is strange and unusual 怪人；怪事；反常现象
• Even today a man who stays at home to look after the children is regarded as something of an oddity. 即便在今天，人们仍然认为一个大男人呆在家里照顾小孩是件怪事。
n. 奇异；古怪；怪癖
 - singularity, queerness

Word: microphone
Front: microphone
[ˈmaɪkrəfəʊn] (研四六雅 5577/5672 -2)
Vocabulary: microphone
(once / 2446 pages)
n
A microphone is an electric device that amplifies the sound of a voice or instrument. If you're going to stand up in front of a large crowd and want to be heard, you better use a microphone.
Microphones require electricity and amplifiers to work — what they do is take a sound and convert it into an electrical signal. That signal can then be amplified and sent to a speaker or recorded. Performers can sing softly into a microphone and still be heard clearly by an audience member at the very back of a huge concert hall. The popularity of radio and film inspired this meaning of microphone — originally, the word meant "ear trumpet for the hard-of-hearing."
WORD FAMILY
microphone: microphones, microphoning
USAGE EXAMPLES
She kept on smiling and strutting in her high heels; she held her microphone toward the crowd.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
After about a minute, she stopped singing, dropping the microphone to her side.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
At one point, she lowered the microphone while the vocals continued.
Time(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 扩音器，麦克风; 话筒
分布：麦克风(90%)，扩音器(10%)
→micro-,微小的，phone,电话。比喻用法。
麦克风(micro小+phone→小声音变大声音)[phon=sound,表示"声音"]
n.话筒,扩音器We need a microphone so that people in the back can hear us.为了让后面的人能听得见, 我们得用个麦克风.
US [-foʊn] noun countable (informal mike/mic)
 ADVANCED
■a piece of equipment that you speak into to make your voice louder, or to record your voice or other sounds 扩音器，麦克风，话筒
• The interviewer asked her to speak into/use the microphone. 采访者请她对着扩音器说话。
• My laptop has a built-in microphone. 我的笔记型电脑有一个内置麦克风。
n. [电讯] [电子] 扩音器，麦克风
 - mike, amplifier

Word: plunder
Front: plunder
[ˈplʌndə(r)] (六托雅宝 15954/11475 -1)
Vocabulary: plunder
(once / 380 pages)
vn
Plunder can mean stolen goods or money obtained illegally, or the act of taking those things. A burglar might plunder a jewelry store and then sneak off with her plunder.
Plunder is an old Middle High German word that originally meant "household goods and clothes": in other words, your stuff. During the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648), English speakers acquired this word while fighting in the land that is today Germany, but with the added meaning of taking the plunder as, well, plunder. As both a noun and verb, a synonym for plunder is loot.
WORD FAMILY
plunder: plundered, plunderer, plundering, plunders+/plunderer: plunderers/plundering: plunderings
USAGE EXAMPLES
She lost one husband to Elizabeth Taylor, and two other husbands plundered her for millions.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Reynolds lost one husband to Elizabeth Taylor and two other husbands plundered her for millions.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
She lost one husband to Elizabeth Taylor and two other husbands plundered her for millions.
Salon(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 掠夺; 偷; 私吞
n. 抢劫; 掠夺物
时态：plundered, plundering, plunders
分布：掠夺(54%)，抢劫(20%)，抢夺(10%)，战利品(6%)，赃物(6%)，掠夺品(4%)
→来自德语plundern,抢劫室内物品，来自中古高地德语plunder,室内物品，衣服，行李，家具 等。后来在17 世纪欧洲三十年战争期间，英国士兵把该词引入英国。最终词源不详。
【记】pl＝place放，under下面－放在自己屁股下面－抢劫；偷窃
US [-dɚ] verb
intransitive or transitive
■to steal goods violently from a place, especially during a war （尤指战争期间的）掠夺，抢劫，劫掠
• After the president fled the country, the palace was plundered by soldiers. 总统逃出该国后，士兵洗劫了总统府。
• Tragically, the graves were plundered and the contents scattered. 不幸的是，那些墓被盗，墓里的东西被弄得七零八落的。
transitive
■to steal or remove something precious from something, in a way that does not consider moral laws or is more severe than it need be 骗取；窃取；侵吞，侵占
• Someone has been plundering funds from the company. 有人在盗用公司资金。
• The future of our planet is in danger if we continue to plunder it as we do. 如果我们继续像现在这样竭泽而渔的话，地球的未来就岌岌可危了。
UK ['plʌn.dər] US [-dɚ] noun uncountable
■when goods are stolen from a place especially violently or during a war, or these stolen goods 抢劫；抢劫之物
• Residents in the villages under attack have been unable to protect their homes from plunder. 受到袭击的村民已无法保护自己的家不被抢劫。
• The thieves hid their plunder in the woodshed. 窃贼们把他们抢劫来的东西藏在了柴房里。
■when something is removed in a way that does not consider moral laws or is more severe than it need be 盗窃；侵吞
• We need to put a stop to the plunder of the rain forest. 我们要制止对热带雨林的掠夺砍伐。
rob, steal, deprive, plunder
这组词都有“偷，抢，夺”的意思，其区别是：
rob: 最常用词，指用暴力恐吓或哄骗等非法手段抢夺财物。
steal: 普通用词，指暗中行窃。
deprive: 多指夺去或扣留别人拥有或可能拥有的有价值或必需的东西，也可用于指抽象的事物。
plunder: 指大规模或大范围地掠夺。
n. 抢夺；战利品；掠夺品
 - prize, capture
vt. 掠夺；抢劫；侵吞
 - harry, despoil
vi. 掠夺；盗窃
 - prey upon, pillage

Word: sexy
Front: sexy
[ˈseksi] (4278/7254 -2)
Vocabulary: sexy
(once / 3179 pages)
adj
Sexy is used to describe something (clothes, music, words, you name it) that turns people on sexually.
People who are sexy are attractive in a way that makes other people interested in them romantically or sexually. For teachers and parents, there are often problems with kids — especially girls — who want to dress in a sexy way at a young age. But looking sexy before you're ready for sex is usually not a good idea. Today the word sexy gets thrown around a lot — cakes are sexy, wallpaper is sexy, flip-flops are sexy...
WORD FAMILY
sexy: sexier, sexiest, sexily, sexiness, unsexy+/bisexual: bisexuality, bisexually, bisexuals/desexualize: desexualized/intersex: intersexes/nonsexual: nonsexually/ sex: intersex, oversexed, sexed, sexes, sexing, sexism, sexless, sexual, sexy, undersexed, unsex/ sexism: sexist / sexist: sexists/sexless: sexlessly, sexlessness/sexual: bisexual, intersexual, nonsexual, sexualise, sexuality, sexualize, sexually, transsexual/sexualise: desexualise/sexualize: desexualize, sexualized, sexualizes, sexualizing/transsexual: transsexualism, transsexuals/unsex: unsexed, unsexes, unsexing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Democrats need to stop worrying that access to the ballot isn’t sexy or respectable.
Salon(Jan 01, 2017)
It is sexy and powerful, personal and political — all the while avoiding cliches.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
There will be no more profiles of sexy fascists with dapper haircuts who held neo-Nazi rallies.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 性感的，色情的; 引起性欲的; 诱人的，迷人的; 时髦的
级别：sexier, sexiest
分布：性感的(100%)
→sex,性，-y,形容词后缀。引申词义性感的。
adjective
SEX 性
■sexually attractive 性感的
• He's very sexy. 他很性感。
• a sexy smile 性感的微笑
• sexy underwear 性感内衣
['sek.si] adjective
INTERESTING 有趣的 informal
■describes something that attracts a lot of interest and attention 迷人的，吸引人的
• For most people, grammar isn't a very sexy subject. 对大多数人来说，文法不是让人很感兴趣的东西。
adj. 性感的；迷人的；色情的
 - killing, taking

Word: yesterday
Front: yesterday
[ˈjestədeɪ] (中高 1505/513 -K5)
Back: n. 昨天; 往昔; <正式>过去
adv. 在昨天，在昨日; 近来
分布：昨天(85%)，近来(15%)
→yester-，昨日，以前，day,天。
n. & ad.昨天;前不久Yes, yesterday was the my pay-day; I pay you the payment today.是的,昨天是我的发薪日,我今天付给你报酬.
US [-tɚ-] adverb
 ESSENTIAL
■on the day before today 昨天
• He rang yesterday while you were out. 昨天你外出时他打电话来了。
• I saw her yesterday afternoon. 我昨天下午见到她。
UK ['jes.tə.deɪ] US [-tɚ-] noun
uncountable
■the day before today 昨天
• "Is that today's paper?" "No, it's yesterday's." “那是今天的报纸吗？”“不，是昨天的。”
the day before yesterday
■two days ago 前天
• I rang her the day before yesterday. 我前天给她打电话。
countable or uncountable
■the recent past 近日，日前；往昔
• Nobody's interested in yesterday's pop-stars. 没人对过气明星感兴趣。
• These songs are a part of all our yesterdays. 这些歌曲是我们所有往事的一部分。
n. 昨天；往昔
 - ayer

Word: voip

Word: solvent
Front: solvent
[ˈsɒlvənt] (雅宝 11587/6187 -1)
Vocabulary: solvent
(once / 1720 pages)
1adj 2n 3n
Solvent’s meaning changes pretty drastically depending on its part of speech. As a noun, solvent is either a certain kind of chemical or an idea that solves a problem. As an adjective, solvent describes someone who's got cash on hand.
A solvent dissolves other chemicals, which is why it's also easy to remember: solvent is a chemical used to dissolve other chemicals. The adjective solvent, on the other hand, comes from a French verb that means "loosen." In these tough economic times, only those banks that are solvent are in a position to loosen the cash flow and start lending money. No cash? You're not solvent.
WORD FAMILY
solvent: insolvent, solvency, solvently, solvents+/ insolvency: insolvencies/ insolvent: insolvency, insolvents/solvability: unsolvability/solvable: insolvable, solvability, unsolvable/ solve: solvable, solved, solvent, solver, solves, solving/solved: unsolved/solvency: solvencies/solver: solvers
USAGE EXAMPLES
My goal is to stay solvent through the Super Bowl, then throw myself at the mercy of the courts.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
A precautionary recapitalization is a type of state intervention in a struggling bank that is still solvent.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Xylene is a petrochemical used as a solvent in products such as paints and inks.
BBC(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. [化]溶剂，溶媒; 解释，说明; 解决方法; 使瓦解的东西
adj. 有溶解能力的，可溶解的; 有清还债务能力的; 起瓦解作用的
分布：溶剂(96%)，有偿付能力的(3%)，有溶解力的(1%)
→来自 solve,溶解，解决，-ent,形容词后缀。即可溶解的，用于经济学术语指有偿付能力的， 可清偿的等。
有溶解力的;有还债力的(solv+ent)[Solv,solu,solut=loosen,表示"松开"]
溶剂(solve溶解)[-ent 1.表示形容词"…的"2.表名词"…药剂"3.表名词"…人"]
【反】precipitant（n 沉淀剂）
US ['sɑ:l-] adjective
■(especially of companies) having enough money to pay all the money that is owed to other people （尤指公司）有偿付能力的，付得起的
• Many insurance companies are under pressure to increase premiums to stay solvent. 很多保险公司面临压力，要增加保险费以保证偿付能力。
Opposite insolvent
UK ['sɒl.vənt] US ['sɑ:l-] noun countable
■a liquid in which solids will dissolve 溶剂
⇒ See also dissolve
adj. 有偿付能力的； [化学] 有溶解力的
 - resolvent
n. [化学] 溶剂；解决方法
 - impregnant, menstruum

Word: zealous
Front: zealous
[ˈzeləs] (四六托 15938/19238 -1)
Vocabulary: zealous
(once / 654 pages)
adj
Use the adjective zealous as a way to describe eagerness or enthusiastic activity. If you are too zealous in your efforts to decorate the house with Christmas lights, you might cause a power outage for the whole neighborhood.
Zealous is the adjective for the noun zeal "eager partisanship"; the latter has a long e, but zealous has a short one: ZEL-uhs. It can have a slightly negative connotation, and people are sometimes described as "overzealous," meaning they try too hard. "Zealous" rhymes with "jealous" (and in fact they're from the same Greek word), but don't confuse them: a jealous person might be resentful of someone who makes zealous efforts to achieve success.
WORD FAMILY
zealous: overzealous, zealousest, zealously+/ overzealous: overzealously/ zeal: zealous, zeals
USAGE EXAMPLES
That, to me, is the opposite of zealous advocacy.”
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Reagan and Pierce were also zealous advocates of turning HUD’s responsibilities over to the private sector.
Washington Post(Dec 06, 2016)
And Boeing was an ostentatious declaration that he would be the zealous guardian of government spending that you would expect from a crusading outsider.
Washington Post(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: adj. 热心的，热情的
分布：热心的(57%)，狂热的(38%)，热衷的(5%)
热心的(zeal+ous)[zeal=ardor,表示"热心"]
热心的(zeal热情)[-ous表形容词,通常放在一个完整的单词后,表示"…的"]
【反】vapid（adj 索然乏味的）
adjective
■enthusiastic and eager 热情的；狂热的
• a zealous supporter of the government's policies 政府政策的积极支持者
zealous, enthusiastic, intent
这组词都有“热心的，热诚的”的意思，其区别是：
zealous: 指对所从事的事表现出的高度热情和积极性。
enthusiastic: 指对参与某项活动或对感兴趣的计划或决定表现出的毫无保留的热切心情。
intent: 指集中精力从事正在进行的活动，也可指专心寻求自己感兴趣的东西。
adj. 热心的，热情的，积极的
 - intense, active, positive, eager, warm

Word: dye
Front: dye
[daɪ] (研四六托 8956/7847 -2)
Vocabulary: dye
(once / 393 pages)
nv
Dye is a substance that's used to change the color of whatever it's applied to. You can use hair dye to change your light brown hair to deep, dark purple.
Dye is used on fabrics, hair, yarn and other fibers, clothing, and food, among other things. When you apply dye to something, you dye it. If you're baking a birthday cake for your friend who loves the color orange, you might use food coloring — a type of dye — to dye the vanilla frosting orange. The Old English root of dye is deah, "a color or hue," which is possibly related to deagol, "secret, hidden, or dark."
WORD FAMILY
dye: dyed, dyeing, dyer, dyes+/ dyed: undyed/dyeing: dyeings/dyer: dyers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Instead of yelling about Dye’s disobedience, the captain ended up thanking him, he said.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The answer isn’t hard to understand: Synthetic dyes are quicker and easier to use and they produce more colors.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
In the 19th century, pastoral windmills were replaced with tanneries, limestone quarries, and dye works.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 染料，染色; 颜色
vt. 染色; 给…染色
vi. 染上或粘上（颜色）
时态：dyed, dyeing, dyes
分布：染(52%)，染料(37%)，染色(11%)
→可能来自dheu, 灰尘，烟雾，词源同dust,dull. 引申词义隐藏，遮蔽，伪装，着色，染色。词义演变比较color.
n.染料v.染,染色The lying liar lied to the dying diet maker that the tie was dyed blue.躺着的说谎者对临死的食疗制作者谎称带子染成了兰色.
verb transitive (dyeing, dyed, dyed)
■to change the colour of something using a special liquid 给…染色
• For a change, why not dye your T-shirts? 为什么不变一变把T恤染成别的颜色？
• [+ obj + adj] He's dyed his hair black. 他把头发染成了黑色。
[daɪ] noun countable or uncountable
■a substance used to change the colour of something 染料
• She dipped the material into the dye. 她把布料浸在染料中。
• There are dozens of different dyes to choose from. 可供选择的染料有数十种之多。
colour, dye, paint, stain
这组词都有“着色，染”的意思，其区别是：
colour: 普通用词，含义笼统。可指人工的着色，也可指天然的着色。
dye: 多指使用染料改变物体的颜色，如染织品或头发等。
paint: 指为装饰等目的而把油漆或涂料等物涂于物体表面。
stain: 多指用化学或其它方法使物体着色。
n. [染料] 染料；染色
 - dyeing, dyestuff
vt. 染；把…染上颜色
 - tint

Word: cruelty
Front: cruelty
[ˈkru:əlti] (六 8337/6522)
Vocabulary: cruelty
(once / 300 pages)
n
Cruelty is a characteristic of deliberately causing someone pain. Years of cruelty by their leaders can cause citizens to rise up together and revolt.
Keeping a dog tied up outside all day and all night is animal cruelty, while kids' endless bullying of a classmate is another kind of cruelty. In both examples, people act in a coldhearted way that causes another being to feel terrible. The Latin root of cruelty is crudelis, "rude, unfeeling, or hard-hearted," which is related to crudus, "rough, raw, or bloody," the root of crude.
WORD FAMILY
cruelty: cruelties
USAGE EXAMPLES
“This needs to be repeated since one of the human ways of talking oneself into inhuman acts is to cite the supposed cruelty of nature.”
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
To Clark, the cruelty only reinforced her ideas about the oppressive system.
New York Times(Jan 12, 2012)
State prosecutors put them all in foster care and arrested the parents on charges of cruelty to juveniles and second-degree murder.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 残忍; 残忍的行为; 残酷行为; 虐待
分布：残酷(67%)，虐待(27%)，残酷的行为(6%)
残酷(cruel残酷的)[-ty表名词,用在形容词后,把形容词变成名词]
【记】cruel（adj 残酷的；悲惨的；使痛苦的）
US [-tˌi] noun countable or uncountable
 IMPROVER
■cruel behaviour or a cruel action 残忍，残酷；残酷行为；虐待
• The farmer was accused of cruelty to animals. 农场主人被指控虐待动物。
n. 残酷；残忍；残酷的行为
 - fellness, rigorousness

Word: cock
Front: cock
[kɒk] (高研四六 8484/7962 -2)
Vocabulary: cock
(once / 369 pages)
1nv 2vn 3n 4v 5n
Cock is most often used to refer to either birds or guns. A cock is a rooster, but it's also the hammer on a gun that you adjust so you can fire it.
You might hear the word cock used to mean "penis," but that's a vulgar form of the word, so be sure you're in the right company if you opt to use it. A cock is a male bird, particularly a rooster. When you cock a gun, you raise its cock to make it ready for firing. When you cock something in a certain direction, you are tilting it that way.
WORD FAMILY
cock: cocked, cocking, cocks
USAGE EXAMPLES
In a cross-examination, he stands erect, chest cocked, as if to fill the courtroom.
New York Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Murray said the gun was cocked, its safety was off and it had a round in its chamber.
Washington Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Adapted screenplay went to Jay Cocks and Martin Scorsese for “Silence.”
Los Angeles Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 公鸡; 成熟雄鸟; 首领，领导; 龙头
vt. 使某物竖起; 使某物倾斜; 使朝上; 扳上扳机
vi. 翘起，竖起; 大摇大摆
时态：cocked, cocking, cocks
分布：公鸡(68%)，旋塞(11%)，竖起(11%)，翘起(8%)，雄禽(2%)
→来自keuk, 鸡叫声，词源同chicken.
n.公鸡,雄鸡;龙头,开关At 8 o'clock the clerk locked the flock of cocks in the room.八点钟时办事员将那群公鸡锁在房间里.
US [kɑ:k] noun
BIRD 鸟
countable (US also rooster)
■an adult male chicken 公鸡，雄鸡
• The cock started to crow. 公鸡开始叫了。
countable
■used with the name of a bird to refer to the adult male of that type （与鸟名合用）雄鸟，雄禽
• a cock robin 雄知更鸟
• a cock pheasant 雄雉鸡
UK [kɒk] US [kɑ:k] noun
PENIS 阴茎
countable offensive
■a penis 阴茎，鸡巴
UK [kɒk] US [kɑ:k] noun
FORM OF ADDRESS 称呼形式 (also cocker) UK old-fashioned informal
■a friendly form of address, used especially by a man talking to another man （亲热的称呼，尤用于男子之间）老兄，伙计
• Wotcher, cock! How's things? 嘿，伙计！怎么样？
UK [kɒk] US [kɑ:k] verb
TURN 转动
transitive
■to move a part of your body upwards or in a particular direction 竖起，翘起，歪着
• He cocked his head on one side with a slight frown. 他把头歪向一边，皱了皱眉。
• The dog cocked its leg against a tree. 狗靠在一棵树上，翘起一条腿。
• to cock an ear/eyebrow 竖起耳朵／扬起眉毛
UK [kɒk] US [kɑ:k] verb
PREPARE GUN 准备好枪
transitive
■to push the necessary piece of a gun up into position so that it is ready for firing 扣上（枪的）扳机；扳起（枪的）击铁；拉起（枪的）枪栓
• He cocked his rifle and took aim. 他拉上了步枪的枪栓瞄准目标。
UK [kɒk] US [kɑ:k] verb
cock a snook at sb/sth UK
■to do something intentionally to show you have no respect for someone or something 对…嗤之以鼻，对…不屑一顾
• He could seldom resist an opportunity to cock a snook at traditional English life. 他从来不放过对传统的英国式生活表示轻蔑的机会。
UK [kɒk] US [kɑ:k] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] cock sth up UK slang
■to do something wrong or badly 把…弄糟；把…搞砸；破坏
• David cocked up the arrangements and we ended up missing the reception. 大卫安排得一团糟，结果我们错过了招待会。
• "How did the exam go?" "Terrible - I panicked and really cocked it up." “你考得怎么样？”“糟透了——我怯场，考得真是一塌糊涂。”
n. [禽] 公鸡；龙头；雄鸟；头目
 - rooster, coq
vt. 使竖起；使耸立；使朝上
 - peak
vi. 翘起；竖起；大摇大摆
 - stick up, tilt

Word: fickle
Front: fickle
[ˈfɪkl] (托雅宝 15716/19490 -1)
Vocabulary: fickle
(once / 1596 pages)
adj
People who are fickle change their minds so much you can't rely on them. If your best friend suddenly decides that she doesn't like you one week, and then the next week she wants to hang out again, she's being fickle.
Fickle comes from the Old English word ficol, for deceitful. We usually use fickle to talk about people, but it can also be used for abstract things that alternately favor you and abuse you, like the weather. If you win the lottery and then lose everything else in the world that's important to you, fate is being fickle.
WORD FAMILY
fickle: fickleness, fickler, ficklest, fickly+/fickleness: ficklenesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
For investors whose moods are as fickle as the weather, risk parity may involve more risk than reward.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
“Marriage itself is becoming more fickle, with individuals more interested in pursuing their own gratification.”
Los Angeles Times(Nov 25, 2016)
The support the GNA does receive is fickle and based mainly on self-interest.
Economist(Nov 24, 2016)
Back: adj. （爱情、友谊等）易变的，无常的; 薄情的; 浮躁的
分布：易变的(63%)，变幻无常的(37%)
→来自peig, 狡猾的，敌对的，坏心眼的，词源同foe, fiend. 引申词义反复无常的。
【记】读：飞扣！刚刚得到爱情的滋润有一种飞的感觉，就被“扣”下去了，只因为说了一句：泄停疯长得太次了！如果你们总是互相tickle（vt 胳肢；使发痒），感情就不会fickle！
adjective disapproving
■likely to change your opinion or your feelings suddenly and without a good reason （意见或感情）反覆无常的，易变的
• She's so fickle - she's never been interested in the same man for more than a week! 她是如此变幻无常，从未喜欢过一个男人超过一星期。
• The world of popular music is notoriously fickle. 流行音乐界的变幻无常是出了名的。
■describes conditions that are likely to change suddenly and without warning （情况）变幻莫测的，不定的
• Fickle winds made sailing conditions difficult. 风向不定增加了航海的难度。
adj. 浮躁的；易变的；变幻无常的
 - mobile, variable, liquid, unstable

Word: mindful
Front: mindful
[ˈmaɪndfl] (10818/13756 -1)
Vocabulary: mindful
(once / 1228 pages)
adj
Being mindful means paying close attention to or being especially conscious of something. If you are aware of the fact that your friend is upset, you're mindful of her feelings.
Sometimes mindful has the sense of "careful," as when a farmer is mindful of the amount of water she uses during a drought, or when you're mindful of the fact that your little sister easily gets her feelings hurt. In Old English, myndful meant "of good memory," or "having a good mind," while the related word myndig had a meaning similar to today's mindful.
WORD FAMILY
mindful: mindfully, mindfulness, unmindful+/ mind: minded, minder, mindful, minding, mindless, minds/minded: mindedest, mindedly/minder: minders/mindless: mindlessly, mindlessness/unmindful: unmindfully, unmindfulness
USAGE EXAMPLES
You want to teach her to be comfortable in the “just being” zone, which means she’s mindful of flaunting and resistant to hiding.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
When we are mindful, some of that attentional flightiness disappears as if of its own accord.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2012)
She’s mindful of antioxidants and other health benefits of chocolate, but mostly focuses on how much she likes the taste.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 留心的，注意的; 记住的，不忘的; 警觉的; 经意
分布：记住的(75%)，深切注意的(25%)
→mind,思想，思维，挂念，-ful,形容词后缀。mindful 想着的，记挂着的
adjective formal
■careful not to forget about something 记着的；留神的；注意的；小心的
• Mindful of the poor road conditions, she reduced her speed to 30 mph. 考虑到路况很差，她将时速减到30英里。
• Politicians are increasingly mindful that young voters are turning away from traditional parties. 政治家都越发注意到年轻的选民与传统党派间的距离越来越远。
adj. 留心的；记住的；警觉的
 - watchfull, regardful

Word: pond
Front: pond
[pɒnd] (中高研四六 3626/3344 -2)
Back: n. 池塘
v. 筑成池塘
分布：池塘(100%)
→来自pound拼写变体，来自pound古义之一池塘。
n.池塘In the pond the sponsor responded to the correspondent's corresponding responsibility.在池塘里主办者对通讯员的相应责任作出了回应.
US [pɑ:nd] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■an area of water smaller than a lake, often artificially made 池塘
• a duck pond 养鸭塘
pool, pond
这组词都有“池塘、水塘”的意思，其区别是：
pool: 指自然形成的池塘。
pond: 一般指乡村由人工挖的可供喂养鹅鸭等的水塘，或指花园中人工修建的养鱼池子。
n. [水文] 池塘
 - tank, mere

Word: lull
Front: lull
[lʌl] (托雅宝 13314/14132 -1)
Vocabulary: lull
(once / 806 pages)
vn
See lull, think "calm." It could be the noun form (like "the lull before the storm") or the verb: one can lull someone by calming them (as in lulling a baby to sleep with a lullaby).
The noun lull is often used in relation to a storm, but the term has a broader meaning as well. Lull can be used to describe any temporary period of calm or diminished activity, like the quiet time before the lunch rush in a restaurant or the brief period of tranquility before the doors open for a pre-Christmas sale. The word's verb form means "to soothe or to make someone feel relaxed." When used as a verb lull can turn deceptive, and it is often used to convey a false sense of security.
WORD FAMILY
lull: lulled, lulling, lulls
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sanchez said risks increase when drivers are lulled in stop-and-go traffic.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The result is that Attenborough and others “are lulling the huge worldwide audience into a false sense of security,” he said.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
A booming economy in the nineteen-fifties intersected with a demographic lull, resulting in “more job vacancies than there are graduates.”
The New Yorker(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 使镇静，使安静; 哄，哄骗; 使入睡
vi. 平静，安静; 平息; 减弱; 停止
n. 暂停; 间歇; 暂时平静; 催眠的东西
时态：lulled, lulling, lulls
分布：间歇(31%)，暂停(19%)，平息(16%)，使安静(16%)，使入睡(10%)，哄骗(8%)
→来自中古英语lullen,哄小孩睡觉，来自lu-lu,la-la的催眠声。
【区】loll（v 懒洋洋地倚靠）
【反】increased activity（增加的活动）；goad（n 刺激物；v 激励）；startle（v 震惊）；galvanize（v 电镀；刺激）；revive（v 苏醒）；hectic period（狂热的时期）
verb transitive
■to cause someone to feel calm or to feel as if they want to sleep 使安静，使平和；使发困
• The motion of the car almost lulled her to sleep. 汽车的颠簸让她昏昏欲睡。
[lʌl] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  lull sb into sth
■to make someone feel safe in order to trick them 哄骗，麻痹（某人）
• Most exercise classes start gently, lulling you into thinking that you're fit. 健身课程一开始大多都很容易，让人误以为自己很健康。
• Their promises lulled us into a false sense of security (= made us feel safe, when in fact we were not). 他们的承诺让我们以为很安全。
[lʌl] noun countable
■a short period of calm in which little happens 平静时期；间歇
• There has been a lull in the fighting. 战斗中出现了一段间歇。
• a lull in the conversation/traffic 谈话的间歇／交通低谷
[lʌl] noun countable
the lull before the storm
■a time which seems quiet but which will very soon be followed by something unpleasant happening 暴风雨前的宁静
• Things seem quiet in the office right now, but this is just the lull before the storm. 现在办公室里一切似乎都很平静，但这只是暴风雨前夕的宁静。
vt. 使平静；使安静；哄骗
 - calm, silence, compose
vi. 平息；减弱；停止
 - fall, lower, cool, subside
n. 间歇；暂停；暂时平静
 - hang, pause

Word: sparkle
Front: sparkle
[ˈspɑ:kl] (研四六雅 10602/8882 -2)
Vocabulary: sparkle
(once / 260 pages)
vn
Fairy dust, stars, Christmas lights, Hanukkah candles, freshly fallen snow, a lake when the sun hits it just right — all of these things sparkle. That means they shine with a bright, glistening, shimmering light.
Sparkle can also refer to joy or merriment. When you're having a really good time, your face will sparkle. As a verb, sparkle means to be lively and excited, or to be so brilliant at something that you shine above the rest. It can also describe something bubbly or foamy — like when you add soap to your bath to make the bathwater sparkle. Sparkle can also describe something that produces sparks — like a magic wand.
WORD FAMILY
sparkle: sparkled, sparkler, sparkles, sparkling, sparkly +/ sparkler: sparklers/ sparkling: sparklingly, sparklings
USAGE EXAMPLES
But when I looked harder I saw something sparkle.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
They leered across the bar throwing judgmental daggers at the laughter and sparkles.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
From the new movie “Live By Night,” a Deco-style beaded flapper dress is all sparkle.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vi. 闪耀，闪烁; 活跃，焕发活力和才智
n. 光亮; 活力
时态：sparkled, sparkling, sparkles
分布：闪耀(51%)，火花(44%)，冒火花(5%)
→spark,火花，火星，-le,表反复。
v.发火花,闪耀The pearl sparkled in the moonlight.那颗珍珠在月光下闪闪发光.
US ['spɑ:r-] verb intransitive
■to shine brightly with a lot of small points of light 闪耀，闪烁
• The snow/sea sparkled in the sunlight. 雪／大海在阳光下闪烁。
■If a person or performance sparkles, they are energetic, interesting and exciting （人或表演）生气勃勃，充满活力
• Alice is shy and quiet at parties, but her sister really sparkles! 爱丽斯在派对上安静腼腆，而她妹妹却活力四射。
UK ['spɑ:.kl] US ['spɑ:r-] noun uncountable
■bright shine 闪耀，闪烁
• The radiant smile and the sparkle in her blue eyes were the clear signs of a woman still deeply in love. 她灿烂的笑容和蓝色眼睛里那飞扬的神采都是热恋中女子的明显标记。
■energy and interest 活力，生气
• Their latest performance of My Fair Lady really lacked sparkle. 他们最近一次《窈窕淑女》的演出实在是毫无精彩之处。
• The sparkle went out of/left her (= She became unhappy) after her husband died. 丈夫去世后，她便失去了往日的生气。
flash, sparkle, glow, gleam, twinkle, glitter
这组词都有“闪光，闪烁，闪亮”的意思，其区别是：
flash: 指突然发出随即消失的闪光，如闪电的光。
sparkle: 指发出闪动的光或火星。
glow: 指像熔铁余烬等发出的明亮、强烈、夺目的光。
gleam: 指透过间隔物或映衬于较暗背景上的微弱光线。也指闪光。
twinkle: 指断断续续或摇晃不定的灿烂闪光。
glitter: 指连续发出的闪烁不定的光，有时含贬义。
n. 闪耀；火花；活力
 - energy, vitality, spring, vigor
vt. 使闪耀；使发光
 - fire, flare
vi. 闪耀；发泡；活跃
 - shine on

Word: shipyard
Front: shipyard
[ˈʃɪpjɑ:d] (13295/12161 -1)
Back: n. 船坞; 造船厂
分布：造船厂(100%)
US [-jɑ:rd] noun countable
■a place where ships are built or repaired 船坞；造船厂；修船厂
n. 造船厂；船坞；修船厂
 - dockyard, boatyard

Word: reunite
Front: reunite
[ˌri:ju:ˈnaɪt] (8728/11738 -1)
Vocabulary: reunite
(once / 2132 pages)
v
To meet up with someone again, or to get back together, is to reunite. When your wandering cat comes home after a week-long adventure, you can happily reunite with her.
If a couple breaks up and then reconciles, they reunite. And when a large family — all of the aunts, uncles, cousins, and second cousins — has a reunion, they also reunite. Both reunion and reunite come from the Latin root unus, or "one," and the "again" prefix re-, so reunite means "make as one again."
WORD FAMILY
reunite: reunited, reunites, reuniting+/disunite: disunited, disunites, disuniting/disunited: disunitedly/disunity: disunities/ unite: disunite, reunite, united, unites, uniting, unity / united: unitedly/uniting: unitings/ unity: disunity, unities
USAGE EXAMPLES
But they’ve yet to channel that tangibly since they were reunited three games ago.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Work it like he did, returning to college and earning his degree, reuniting with his daughter, and returning to football to coach.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“She was reunited with her family,” Avila told the Daily Beast.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 再次联合; 使重聚; 使再结合
vi. 重聚; 再结合; 再联合
时态：reunited, reuniting, reunites
分布：重聚(62%)，再结合(29%)，再统一(9%)
→re-,再，重新，unite,一体，联合。
verb transitive
■to bring together again 使重新结合；使再联合；使重聚
• to reunite a divided family/country/world 使离散的家庭重聚／统一分裂的国家／团结世界各国
• Sarah was finally reunited with her children at the airport. 莎拉最后终于在机场和她的孩子们再度团聚。
vi. 重聚；再结合；再联合
 - reassociate

Word: baggage
Front: baggage
[ˈbægɪdʒ] (高研四托雅 7286/8801 -K1)
Vocabulary: baggage
(once / 533 pages)
1n 2n
Baggage is another word for the bags you put your stuff in when you travel. It’s also known as "luggage" or "suitcases." If someone says you have baggage but you’re not holding anything, they’re talking about emotional baggage.
Baggage is the fancy suitcase you collect from an airport carousel or the duffel bag you get out of the trunk. It’s any travel bag you have your personal belongings in. Baggage can also refer to emotions from the past that get in the way of the present. In military terminology, baggage is any equipment that can be carried or hauled along. This is the original definition, from the Old French baggage, "military equipment," from bague, for "bag or bundle."
WORD FAMILY
baggage: baggages
USAGE EXAMPLES
The man, who was dressed in a Charlotte baggage handler’s uniform, appeared unharmed and refused medical treatment.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Other factions call clean coal a fig leaf to keep coal, with all of its environmental baggage, in the energy mix.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
And when they begin to unpack Friday, the Kings will find they returned with a lot of unwanted baggage.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 行李; 辎重; 精神包袱; 荡妇
分布：行李(100%)
n.行李I will call a baggage carrier to help me.我会叫一个搬运工来帮我.
noun uncountable
BAGS 旅行袋
 ADVANCED
■all the cases and bags that you take with you when you travel; luggage 行李
• How many pieces of baggage do you have? 你有多少件行李？
• We had to pay extra for our excess baggage (= our bags and cases which weighed more than was allowed). 我们必须为超重的行李额外付款。
['bæg.ɪdʒ] noun uncountable
FEELINGS 情感
■the beliefs and feelings that you have which influence how you think and behave 思想包袱
• We all carry a lot of emotional baggage around with us. 我们每个人都有许多感情的负担。
baggage, luggage
这组词都有“行李”的意思，其区别是：
baggage: 不可数名词，在英语指大而重的行李，在美国泛指一切行李。
luggage: 多用于英语，指旅行者的行李。
n. [交] 行李；辎重（军队的）
 - luggage, belonging

Word: automation
Front: automation
[ˌɔ:təˈmeɪʃn] (研四六雅宝 13580/10701)
Vocabulary: automation
(once / 10034 pages)
n
Automation means making something automatic, or mechanized. If there's smoke in your house and your smoke detector is set up to "call" the fire department, that's an example of automation.
Car companies were the first manufacturers to use assembly lines, where the steps of building a car were divided among workers––and when those jobs started to be done more often by machines then by people, an executive at Ford coined the term automation to describe what was happening.
WORD FAMILY
automate: automated, automates, automating, automation
USAGE EXAMPLES
In August, Facebook reduced the role of a team dedicated to curating the site’s Trending Topics, opting for automation over editorial judgment and handwritten headlines.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
As technology in the medical field continues to change and grow, Pegues said she doesn’t see robotic automation in procedures in the near future.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
We will use robots and automation to bring manufacturing jobs back from overseas, primarily from Southeast Asia.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 自动化（技术），自动操作
分布：自动化(100%)
n.自动,自动化,自动操作The diplomatic diplomas are made in automation in the autonomy.外交证书在自治区是自动化生产的.
【记】automatic（n 自动机械adj 自动的）
VERB
使自动化
To automate a factory, office, or industrial process means to put in machines which can do the work instead of people.
例：He wanted to use computers to automate the process.他想通过计算机实现流程的自动化。
n. 自动化； [自] 自动操作
 - robotization, automatic operation

Word: unhealthy
Front: unhealthy
[ʌnˈhelθi] (高雅 9533/11127 -1)
Back: adj. 不健康的; 对健康有害的; 危险的; 反常的
分布：不健康的(95%)，有害健康的(4%)，病态的或不正常的(1%)
adjective
■not good for your health, or not strong and well 不健康的；不卫生的；不良的；有害的
• an unhealthy diet 不健康的饮食
adj. 不健康的；危险的；有害身心健康的
 - dangerous, critical, risky

Word: demolition
Front: demolition
[ˌdemə'lɪʃn] (托宝 10854/7696)
Vocabulary: demolition
(once / 3662 pages)
n
Demolition is the act of knocking something down or totally destroying it. It's what construction crews do with sledgehammers and wrecking balls.
Not for the faint of heart, demolition usually involves explosives, bulldozers and lots of dust and debris. The act of demolishing something could be seen as a good stress reliever though, if plowing through drywall or mowing over shrubbery is your kind of thing. Or perhaps you could join "a demolition crew," hired to send the wrecking ball though buildings big and small.
WORD FAMILY
demolition: demolitions+/ demolish: demolished, demolishes, demolishing, demolition
USAGE EXAMPLES
That’s delayed demolition of the current hospital and construction of a new parking lot into the spring and summer.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Under threat of demolition for years, this cavernous space will soon house the largest start-up incubator in the world.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Other demolitions in Evansville are done through a federal Blight Elimination Project.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 毁坏，破坏，拆毁; (pl.)炸药
分布：破坏(75%)，毁坏(25%)
【记】demolish（vt 毁坏；粉碎）de去除，moli建立
【参】demon（n 魔鬼；极残忍的人）
N-VAR
(建筑物的)摧毁，拆毁，拆除
The demolition of a building is the act of deliberately destroying it, often in order to build something else in its place.
例：The project required the total demolition of the old bridge...该项目要求将老桥完全拆毁。
例：The High Court has granted permission for the demolition work to continue.高等法院批准拆除工作继续进行。
N-UNCOUNT
(体育运动等中的)大败，击溃
The demolition of a team or opponent is their defeat by a great amount.
例：...Lazio's impressive 3-1 demolition of Inter Milan.拉齐奥队以 3 比 1 大比分击败国际米兰队
n. 拆除（等于demolishment）；破坏；毁坏
 - destruction, breaking, blasting

Word: gambler
Front: gambler
['ɡæmblə(r)] (10215/14574 -1)
Vocabulary: gambler
(once / 979 pages)
n
A gambler is a person who takes a lot of high-risk chances. Your friends might call you a gambler if you spend your free time bungee jumping and playing high-stakes poker.
When you seek adventure or danger, you're gambling with your safety or even your life, which makes you one kind of gambler. Other gamblers enjoy betting money on sports, card games, or games of chance. Gambler came after gamble, "risk something of value on a game of chance," from the Middle English gammlen, "play or be merry," with its Old English root gamen, or "game."
WORD FAMILY
gambler: ex-gambler, gamblers+/ gamble: gambled, gambler, gambles, gambling/gambling: gamblings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Gamblers lost $88 million at the 12 coastal casinos - 4 percent less than last November.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
By midafternoon, new arrivals were delayed at the door until other gamblers and gawkers departed.
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
Mr. Trump, a former casino owner, should think like a gambler.
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. 赌徒; 投机商人
分布：赌徒(100%)
US [-blɚ] noun countable
■someone who often bets (= risks money on the result) money, for example in a game or on a horse race 赌博者；赌徒
• a self-help group for compulsive gamblers 赌博成瘾的人组成的戒赌自助小组
n. 赌徒；投机商人
 - bettor, gamester

Word: cronyism
Front: cronyism
[ˈkrəʊniɪzəm] (宝 25177/-)
Vocabulary: cronyism
(once / 46903 pages)
n
When someone hires a friend to do a job, whether or not she's the best candidate, that's cronyism. A governor appointing his inexperienced daughter to an important staff position is one example of cronyism.
You're most likely to find the word cronyism in political discussions. It's not necessarily considered cronyism for a public figure to hire, promote, or appoint her friends or colleagues. However, if the person isn't as qualified as other candidates but gets the job anyway, it's a clear case of cronyism. The original meaning of cronyism was simply "friendship," from crony, Cambridge student slang for "old friend" from the Greek khronios, "long-lasting."
WORD FAMILY
crony: cronies, cronyism
USAGE EXAMPLES
Trump campaigned on the theme of remaking Washington by “draining the swamp” of pay-to-play corporate favoritism and cronyism.
Salon(Dec 25, 2016)
Lewandowski indicated that “drain the swamp” referred to the bureaucratic limitations of Washington, D.C., not cronyism and politicians profiting off government contracts.
Salon(Dec 22, 2016)
Here, however, is a major historical difference: the magnitude of Trump’s cronyism is off the charts, even for Washington.
Salon(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. 任用亲信
分布：任人唯亲(100%)
→来自crony, 密友。-ism , 主义，思想。
【记】参考：crony（n 密友）crony读：苦肉你，ism主义：苦肉你主义。我为了达到某个目的让你用苦肉计，但是有一个前提条件，对方必须是个任人唯亲的人，因为这样他相信你以后才会委以重任。试试这个方法：cr哭，on上，y你：趴在你的身上哭：让我当副总经理吧，看在咱们朋友一场的份上。
US ['kroʊ-] noun uncountable disapproving
■when someone important gives jobs to friends rather than to independent people who have the necessary skills and experience 任人唯亲，任用亲信

Word: dossier
Front: dossier
[ˈdɒsieɪ] (宝 20031/19418 -1)
Vocabulary: dossier
(once / 11657 pages)
n
If you’re a fan of spy movies, you’ve probably seen countless scenes in which an intrepid secret agent breaks into a secure government facility in order to steal a dossier, or a collection of files.
Dossier, which emerged in French in the 19th century, is derived from the French word dos, meaning “back.” While the connection between “files” and “backs” isn’t certain, it may pertain to the fact that the labels of dossiers were originally affixed to the back, or spine, of each file. If you speak French, you can apply your knowledge to the pronunciation of this word; the final syllable is pronounced with a long a sound, rhyming with “day.”
WORD FAMILY
dossier: dossiers
USAGE EXAMPLES
What the page doesn’t say is that those sources include detailed dossiers obtained from commercial data brokers about users’ offline lives.
Salon(Jan 01, 2017)
The report’s own dossier of research on Calhoun and the history of his commemoration at Yale might be seen as pointing toward renaming the college.
New York Times(Dec 02, 2016)
Zembla did not republish the dossier, which it said contained information about 54 different police investigations, including the names and telephone numbers of suspects.
Reuters(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. （有关某人或某事等的）档案材料; 材料汇编，卷宗; 病历表册
分布：卷宗(69%)，档案材料(21%)，病历(10%)
→来自拉丁语dorsum, 背，词源同endorse. 因过去人们习惯在文件后面做记号，引申词义卷宗。
【记】dos：n 磁盘操作系统（disk operating system）－当今的时代是电脑的时代，卷宗再也不记录在纸上了，而是存储在disk上。
UK [-ər] US ['dɑ:.si.eɪ] noun countable
■a set of papers containing information about a person, often a criminal, or on any subject 档案，卷宗；汇编材料
• The secret service probably has a dossier on all of us. 特工部门很可能有我们每个人的档案。
n. 档案，卷宗；病历表册
 - file, record

Word: governorship
Front: governorship
['gʌvənəʃɪp] (18802/27023)
Back: n. 总督（或州长等地方行政长官）的职位（或职责、任期）
分布：名词(100%)
US [-ɚ.nɚ-] noun uncountable
■the period of time that someone is a governor 州长（或总督、董事等）的任期
• His governorship was marked by fairness and prosperity. 他任州长期间政绩卓著，社会公平，经济繁荣。

Word: parachute
Front: parachute
[ˈpærəʃu:t] (研六托雅 9674/8089 -1)
Vocabulary: parachute
(once / 2957 pages)
nv
A parachute fills with air and breaks the fall of someone falling from an airplane.
If your airplane is in trouble, and you need to jump, your best friend is a parachute. That's the device people jumping from airplanes use to slow down their falls. A parachute fills up like a balloon, slowing the person down so they fall to the ground gently and safely. People who jump out of planes for fun also use parachutes. When you do this, you're parachuting. Whether for fun or because of your plane's mechanical failure, parachuting is exciting.
WORD FAMILY
parachute: parachuted, parachuter, parachutes, parachuting, parachutist+/parachuter: parachuters/parachutist: parachutists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Other approaches focus on netting drones, either via bigger drones or by guns firing a net and a parachute via compressed gas.
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
Though Mr. Johnson’s investment group was outmaneuvered, he was perhaps the biggest winner, walking away with a “golden parachute” payment of about $50 million.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
The Guinness Book of World Records says the plunge was from a height of 33,000 feet, the longest recorded fall without a parachute.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 降落伞; 降落伞状物; [植]风散种子
vt. & vi. 用降落伞投送; 用降落伞降落
vi. 跳伞
时态：parachuted, parachuting, parachutes
分布：降落伞(74%)，跳伞(25%)，缓降物(1%)
→para-,保护，防御，chute,下降，管道，词源同deciduous.即减弱下降力道的工具，引申词义降落伞。
降落伞(para+chute降下)[para-①表示"半,类似,辅助"②表示"在旁边"③表示"降落伞"]
n.降落伞v.跳伞Having checked the parameters of the apparatus, the paralysed parasite went to the paradise by parachute.检查过仪器的参数后,瘫痪的寄生虫乘降落伞到天堂去了.
US ['per-] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a piece of equipment made of a large piece of special cloth which is fastened to someone or something that is dropped from an aircraft, in order to make them fall slowly and safely to the ground 降落伞
UK ['pær.ə.ʃu:t] US ['per-] verb
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to jump from an aircraft using a parachute 跳伞
• The plan is to parachute into the town. 计划是要跳伞进入该城。
transitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to drop someone or something from an aircraft by parachute （用降落伞）空投，空降
• [often passive] Thousands of leaflets were parachuted behind enemy lines. 数千份传单被空投至敌后。
n. [航] 降落伞
 - chute
vi. 跳伞
 - to bail out

Word: purity
Front: purity
[ˈpjʊərəti] (四六雅宝 8748/7137)
Vocabulary: purity
(once / 385 pages)
n
Something that exhibits purity hasn't been tainted by something morally or physically. Children, fresh snow, and solid gold are all known for their purity.
Purity comes from the Latin purus meaning "clean, clear, unmixed, chaste." When you're talking about something that is clean and unmixed, you are talking about something characterized by purity. This can refer to someone's character or intentions. It can also describe an object or element. When you're high in the mountains, far from the city's congestion, the purity of the air is a relief to the lungs.
WORD FAMILY
purity: purities+/impure: impurely, impureness, impurer, impurest, impurity / impurity: impurities/ pure: impure, purely, pureness, purer, purest, purism, purity /purism: purisms, purist / purist: purists
USAGE EXAMPLES
“We’re counting on him putting successful people in charge of executing. The execution is more important than the purity.”
Los Angeles Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Purity of heart and motivation, in the Christian tradition, does matter.
Washington Post(Nov 28, 2016)
“Nudity and purity, sensuality and innocence, grace and spontaneity — we made contradictions of them,” he said in 1995.
New York Times(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: n. [化学]纯度; 纯洁，纯净; 清洁，清白，清廉; （语言）纯正
分布：纯洁(56%)，纯净(25%)，纯粹(11%)，纯正(8%)
→来自pure,纯的，-ty,名词后缀。
纯净,纯正(pur+ity)[Pur,purg=pure,表示"纯洁"]
【反】refine（v 精炼）－reduce purity（降低纯度）
US ['pjʊr.ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
NOT MIXED 纯净
 ADVANCED
■the state of not being mixed with anything else 纯净；纯粹
• the atrocities carried out in the name of ethnic/racial purity 以种族纯化的名义所实施的暴行
 ADVANCED
■when a sound is clear and perfect （声音的）纯净，清晰，纯正
• the purity of her voice 她嗓音的纯正
 ADVANCED
■when something is clean or free from harmful substances 洁净，纯净；不含有害物质
• air/water purity 空气／水的纯净
UK ['pjʊə.rɪ.ti] US ['pjʊr.ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
MORALLY GOOD 道德高尚
■moral goodness or the state of not having sex 纯洁，清白；贞洁
• the purity and innocence of children 孩子们的天真无邪
• For Christians, the Virgin Mary is a symbol of purity. 对基督徒来说，圣母玛莉亚是贞洁的象征。
goodness, purity, integrity, morality, virtue
这组词都有“美德”的意思，其区别是：
goodness: 含义最广，侧重固有的仁爱，慷慨等高尚的美德。
purity: 侧重于道德上无缺点。
integrity: 指品格的纯正，有高度是非感的美德。
morality: 强调符合道德标准的行为或用道德准则衡量某事，尤注重男女间的道德品行。
virtue: 一般用词，指符合道德准则的隐恶扬善行为或品行或指一种有意识去做善事的高尚道德。
n. [化学] 纯度；纯洁；纯净；纯粹
 - fineness, immaculacy

Word: rake
Front: rake
[reɪk] (研四六 8861/10098 -1)
Vocabulary: rake
(once / 682 pages)
1nv 2n 3n
If it’s fall and the yard is covered with leaves, you'll want to get out the rake, a long-handled tool with a row of tines. Either that, or get out the excuses and leave the leaves where they lie.
Rake has several senses, including to use a rake to gather leaves or smooth soil. Rake can also mean to search something — the way police may rake through a crime scene for clues or the way you may rake through a messy desk to find a pencil. A rake is also a slanted plane — it's often used to refer to a slanted stage in a theater. In high society, a rake is an immoral man.
WORD FAMILY
rake: raked, rakes, raking, rakish +/ rakish: rakishly, rakishness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The man told police that two men showed with rakes and offered to clear up his leaves.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
With each election cycle, state-level political committees rake in millions from individuals and organizations seeking influence.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Rake saffron and powdered pepper and throw them on the honey.
Time(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 耙子; 放荡的男人; 倾斜度
v. 耙; 梳理; 扫视; 搜寻
时态：raked, raking, rakes
分布：耙子(52%)，搜索(14%)，斜度(10%)，放荡的人(8%)，收集(5%)，倾角(5%)，使倾斜(2%)，用耙子聚(2%)，耙状物(2%)
→来自古英语 raca,耙子，来自 Proto-Germanic*rak,堆集，集中，来自 reg,伸直，拉直，词 源同 regulate,reach,rack.可能由堆积引申词义陡坡，倾斜。rake 浪子，放荡子
n.耙子,耙机v.耙;搜索,探索The cake maker shakes a naked snake with the quaking rake without sake.蛋糕制造者无缘无故地用抖动的耙子摇一条赤裸的蛇.
noun countable
TOOL 工具
■a garden tool with a long handle and long pointed metal parts sticking out in a row at the bottom, used for making the earth level or for collecting leaves, etc. 耙子
[reɪk] noun countable
MAN 男人 old-fashioned
■a man, especially one who is rich or with a high social position, who lives in an immoral way, especially having sex with a lot of women 花花公子，好色之徒，浪荡子
[reɪk] noun countable
SLOPE 斜度
■a slope 斜度；倾角
[reɪk] verb
SEARCH 搜寻
intransitive + adverb or preposition
■to search in a container by moving the contents around quickly 搜寻；搜翻；搜索
• He raked about in the drawer looking for his passport. 他在抽屉中翻来翻去找他的护照。
• I've raked through the cupboard but I can't find my tennis racket. 我把橱柜翻了个遍，可就是找不到我的网球拍。
[reɪk] verb
USE TOOL 使用工具
intransitive or transitive
■to use a rake to make earth level or to collect leaves （用耙子）耙，耙平；（把叶子）耙在一起
• In the autumn I rake (up) the dead leaves. 秋天，我用耙子将落叶耙集成堆。
• Rake (over) the soil before planting the seeds. 在播种之前要把土壤耙平整。
[reɪk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] rake sth in
■to earn or get a large amount of money 轻易赚（很多钱）；赚大钱
• He rakes in over £100 000 a year. 他一年能赚十多万英镑。
• She's really raking it in (= making a lot of money). 她真赚大钱了。
[reɪk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] rake sth out UK
■to look for something and find it, usually among various things you have stored （通常指从很多东西中）找出，翻出
• I raked this old blanket out for camping. 我翻出这块旧毯子以备露营之用。
[reɪk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  rake over sth
■to keep talking or thinking about an unpleasant event or experience 不断重提（不愉快的事情）；对（不愉快的往事）耿耿于怀；念念不忘
• He keeps on raking over his divorce, when really he should be getting on with his life. 他本该重新开始新的生活，可他老是陷在离婚的阴影中不能解脱。
[reɪk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] rake sth up
■to talk again about a past event or experience which should be forgotten, because it upsets or annoys someone else 提及（令别人烦恼的往事）；揭（疮疤）；翻（旧帐）
• She's always raking up the past/that old quarrel. 她老翻旧帐，提以前／多少年前的那次争吵。
[reɪk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] rake sth/sb up
■to get the things or people you need, with difficulty or by looking in various places 勉强拼凑；四处搜集凑得
• I'm trying to rake up some people to play football on Saturday - do you want to come along? 我正四处找人星期六踢球呢——你想去吗？
vi. 搜索；用耙子耙；掠过，擦过
 - seek, beat for
vt. [船] 倾斜；搜索；掠过；用耙子耙
 - seek, slope
n. 耙子； [船] 斜度；钱耙
 - pendence, obliqueness

Word: segregate
Front: segregate
[ˈsegrɪgeɪt] (研六托雅 12370/14472)
Vocabulary: segregate
(once / 1266 pages)
vn
To separate people by race or religion is to segregate them. In general, the word segregate means to separate one type of thing from another.
In the United States, the practice of segregating blacks from whites in public schools and public places was common in the South until the 1960s. Because of this, people don't even like to use the word segregate in its neutral sense. But you could rightly say that new bicycle lanes are designed to segregate bikes from auto traffic.
WORD FAMILY
segregate: desegregate, segregated, segregates, segregating, segregation, segregator+/desegregate: desegregated, desegregates, desegregating, desegregation / segregated: nonsegregated, unsegregated/ segregation: segregationism, segregations/segregationism: segregationist / segregationist: segregationists/segregator: segregators
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Lorraine, I learn, catered to black travelers at a time when the much of the South — including Memphis — remained segregated.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
An only child, he attended a segregated school.
Washington Post(Dec 24, 2016)
Rather than segregate men and women, Mr. Religioso wants them to work together in the “Bonnie and Clyde” tournaments.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: vt. （使）分开; 分离; 隔离; 隔离并区别对待（不同种族、宗教或性别的人）
时态：segregated, segregating, segregates
分布：隔离(59%)，分离(28%)，分离的(8%)，分凝(5%)
→se-,分开，-greg,集群，成团，词源同 aggregate,gregarious.引申词义分离，隔离等。
隔离(se+greg群＋ate→和人群分开→隔离)[se-表示"分开,离开,区别开"]
分开,隔离(se分开+greg+ate→和群体分开)[greg=group,表示"群体"]
a.分离的,被隔离的v.(使)分离,(使)隔离The doctor segregated the child.大夫把孩子隔离起来.
【记】se分，greg团体，ate－和团体分开－隔离
【参】aggregate（v 聚集；集合）
verb transitive
■to keep one group of people apart from another and treat them differently, especially because of race or sex （尤指基于种族或性别原因）隔离并差别对待
• a segregated school/society 实行种族隔离的学校／社会
• Blacks were segregated from whites in every area of life. 在生活中的各方各面，黑人和白人被隔离开。
■to keep one thing separate from another 分离；分开
• The systems will have to be able to segregate clients' money from the firm's own cash. 该系统必须能把委托人的钱和公司的现金分开。
separate, segregate, insulate, isolate
这组词都有“分开，分离，隔离”的意思，其区别是：
separate: 指一般意义上的分开或隔开。
segregate: 指把一群人或物从整体或主体中分离出来。
insulate: 指隔开、分离，尤指用某种东西阻挡从里面逃出或从外面进入的东西。作技术用词时，专指用某种绝缘体隔断通路。
isolate: 侧重指完全分离、隔开，也指人或处于完全孤立的状态。
vt. 使隔离； [生物] 使分离；在…实行种族隔离
 - separate, split, divorce

Word: trendy
Front: trendy
[ˈtrendi] (9421/12098 -1)
Vocabulary: trendy
(once / 9278 pages)
adj
Trendy describes something that's stylish or popular, like skinny jeans or fancy coffee drinks.
If your shoes are the newest, coolest kind of sneakers, they are trendy. If all of your neighbors seem to suddenly have Great Dane puppies, you can say that's a trendy dog breed in your neighborhood. Trendy is a relatively recent adjective, first formed in the mid-1960's from the noun trend, which originally meant "the way something bends," and later came to mean "general tendency."
WORD FAMILY
trendy: trendier, trendiest, trendily+/ trend: trended, trending, trends, trendy
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was Don who transformed the establishment into the laundry equivalent of a trendy nightclub’s velvet-roped VIP area.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
The newest of the bunch is the trendy Off Paris Seine, which opened last summer.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Just look at the recent panic in trendy Williamsburg, Brooklyn, over the impending shutdown of the L line for more than a year.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 时髦的，赶时髦的，追随时髦的
n. 时髦人物，赶时髦的人; 领导时尚的人
级别：trendier, trendiest
分布：赶时髦的(100%)
→trend,潮流，-y,形容词后缀。引申词义赶潮流的，时髦的。
adjective informal
 ADVANCED
■modern and influenced by the most recent fashions or ideas 时髦的；受新潮思想影响的
• trendy clothes 时髦服装
• a trendy nightclub 时髦的夜总会
• He writes for some trendy magazine for the under-30s. 他替一本以30岁以下读者为对象的时尚杂志撰稿。
['tren.di] noun countable informal mainly disapproving
■a person who is very influenced by the most recent ideas and fashions 爱时髦的人；赶时髦的人
• This is where all the North London trendies go for a night out. 这是伦敦北部所有爱时髦的人晚上出没的地方。
adj. 时髦的，流行的
 - popular, fashionable, modern, tony, going

Word: universally
Front: universally
[ˌju:nɪˈvɜ:səli] (六 8939/7856)
Vocabulary: universally
(once / 636 pages)
adv
Use the adverb universally to emphasize that something is done — or felt, or believed — in every single case.
If your new haircut is universally loved, it means that everyone, everywhere — with no exceptions — is a fan of your super short bangs. You might also describe getting a filling at the dentist as universally disliked, or a brilliant sunny day as universally cheering after a week of rain. The root is Latin, the word universalis, "of or belonging to all," which in turn comes from universus, "whole or entire." When a feeling or belief belongs to everyone, everywhere, it is held universally.
WORD FAMILY
universal: universalise, universalism, universality, universalize, universally, universals+/universalise: universalised, universalises, universalising/universalism: universalisms, universalist, universalistic/universality: universalities/universalize: universalized, universalizes, universalizing/ universe: universal, universes
USAGE EXAMPLES
There are too many variables at play for there to be a universally ideal day to buy an airline ticket.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
But the 2016 Alabama team is universally considered among the best to ever play college football.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Certainly, no one from the E.P.A. or in local government is saying this part of Alaska is universally polluted.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adv. 普遍地; 一般地; 人人; 处处
分布：普遍地(100%)
ADV
普遍地;全体地;人人
If something is universally believed or accepted, it is believed or accepted by everyone with no disagreement.
例：...a universally accepted point of view...普遍接受的观点
例：The scale of the problem is now universally recognised.现在全世界的人都已认识到了这个问题的严重性。
ADV
到处；在所有情况下；无一例外地
If something is universally true, it is true everywhere in the world or in all situations.
例：The disadvantage is that it is not universally available...缺点在于它并不是随处都可获得。
例：Nor is acid rain always, and universally, a bad thing.酸雨也并非在任何情况下都是坏事。
adv. 普遍地；人人；到处
 - generally, everywhere, around, throughout, about

Word: siphon
Front: siphon
['saɪfn] (15552/20582 -1)
Vocabulary: siphon
(once / 5772 pages)
nv
A siphon is a device used to move liquid from one container to the other. If you're giving your goldfish a magnificent new bowl, you can use a siphon to move the water from the old one to the new.
A siphon is a tube running from one container to another that uses gravity to cause liquid to flow. The key is that the container with the liquid has to be at a higher level than the container you’re moving the liquid to. You have to use force to start the initial flow, but after that gravity takes over. We also use siphon as a verb, for the process of emptying. An endless meeting might siphon off all your energy.
WORD FAMILY
siphon: siphoned, siphoning, siphons
USAGE EXAMPLES
Democrats opposed to school choice often claim that charter schools and vouchers siphon taxpayer money from traditional public schools.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
They say he also siphoned $500,000 for himself and family.
Washington Times(Dec 16, 2016)
The fund raised $252 million in the spring, but shut down in June after a hack siphoned away $55 million.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 虹吸管
vt. 用虹吸管吸（或输送）（液体）
vi. 通过虹吸管
时态：siphoned, siphoning, siphons
分布：虹吸管(94%)，用虹吸管吸出或排出(6%)
→来自希腊语 siphon,管子，管道，引申词义吸管，虹吸。
(also syphon) ['saɪ.fən] noun countable
■a tube that is bent in the shape of an `n', with each end in a separate container at two different levels, so that liquid can be pulled up into it from the higher container and go down through it into the lower container 虹吸管
■* a soda siphon
(also syphon) ['saɪ.fən] verb transitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to remove liquid from a container using a siphon 用虹吸管吸取，用虹吸管抽取
(also syphon) ['saɪ.fən] verb transitive usually + adverb or preposition
  Phrasal Verbs  siphon sth off (also syphon sth off)
■to dishonestly take money from an organization or other supply, and use it for a purpose for which it was not intended 非法挪用（资金），侵吞
• He lost his job when it was discovered that he had been siphoning off money from the company for his own use. 他非法挪用公司钱款为己所用的事迹败露后，便丢掉了工作。
n. [物] 虹吸管
 - U-trap
vi. [物] 通过虹吸管
 - syphon
vt. 用虹吸管吸出；抽取
 - cramp out

Word: vein
Front: vein
[veɪn] (研六托雅 5023/4355 -2)
Vocabulary: vein
(once / 240 pages)
nv
A vein is a blood vessel. If you've ever donated blood, you know that having a needle put in your vein by a health care worker is not nearly as scary as it sounds.
Although it mainly describes part of the body's circulatory system, vein can also refer to a pattern that looks like a vein in your body. For example, you can describe the streaks of color that run through blue cheese as veins of greenish-blue. Similarly, a theme or idea that continues appearing throughout a book could be called a vein. The trickiest thing about the word vein is trying not to confuse it with its homophones — vane (as in weather vane) and vain (as in conceited).
WORD FAMILY
vein: devein, midvein, veined, veining, veinlike, veins, venous+/devein: deveined/midvein: midveins
USAGE EXAMPLES
This education seemed to be conducted via a vein that formed between the naive and worldly slime molds after two or three hours of fusion.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
An AVM is a tangle of veins and arteries that looks very much like a confusion of branches and twigs.
Salon(Dec 24, 2016)
The multiple blazing flows resembled veins, and all around them was pahoehoe, a type of viscous lava that looks like scar tissue.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 静脉; [地]矿脉，岩脉; [植]叶脉; 气质，倾向
v. 使有脉络; 使有纹理; 象脉络般分布于
时态：veined, veining, veins
分布：静脉(88%)，叶脉(4%)，岩脉(3%)，纹理(3%)，使有脉络(1%)，用脉络装饰(1%)
→来自拉丁语vena,水道，管道，血管，来自wegh,走，运送，词源同wagon,way,引申词义静脉。
n.血管;静脉;叶脉;纹理;情绪vt.使成脉络You can see blue veins on your forearms.在你的前臂上能看到蓝色的静脉.
noun
TUBE 管
 ADVANCED countable
■a tube that carries blood to the heart from the other parts of the body 静脉
countable
■the frame of a leaf or an insect's wing 叶脉；（昆虫的）翅脉
[veɪn] noun
LAYER 层
countable
■a narrow layer of a substance which forms in or fills a crack in rock 矿脉；矿层，岩脉
• A rich vein of iron ore was found in the hillside. 山坡上发现了储量丰富的铁矿矿脉。
only singular
■a particular quality or characteristic 特质；特征
• A vein of satirical anger runs through all his work. 在他的所有作品中，字里行间都充满了嬉笑怒骂。
• In its bid to be elected, the party is attempting to tap (= use) an underlying vein of nationalism in the country. 该党正试图利用国内潜在的民族主义倾向来竞选上台。
[veɪn] noun
MOOD 情绪
[S or U]
■a style or a temporary mood 风格；情绪
• The opening scene is very violent, and the rest of the film continues in (a) similar vein. 影片一开场就充满暴力，而其余部分也是类似风格。
• After laughing over the photo, they began to talk in (a) more serious vein about the damaging effect it could have on his career. 他们笑过那张照片之后，开始认真谈论它可能会对他的事业造成的破坏性影响。
n. 血管； [植] 叶脉； [地质] 岩脉； [木] 纹理； [昆] 翅脉；性情
 - vessel, texture, grain, nerve, disposition

Word: abbey
Front: abbey
[ˈæbi] (17783/3572 -2)
Vocabulary: abbey
(once / 392 pages)
n
An abbey is a church that's part of a monastery or convent. You'll often find monks or nuns in an abbey.
There are a few types of abbeys, but they're all related to intense religious dedication. An abbey can be a monastery or convent, which is either composed of monks or nuns who have withdrawn from society to live a life of poverty and chastity. You can also call a church associated with a monastery or convent an abbey. That type of abbey will be run by the monks or nuns but also open to other churchgoers.
WORD FAMILY
abbey: abbatial, abbeys
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Vatican requires at least three nuns to train novices to become nuns, prompting the decision to shut the abbey down.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Writer and environmentalist Edward Abbey wrote, “The idea of wilderness needs no defense. It only needs more defenders.”
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
The college was founded in the 19th century by the neighbouring Benedictine Ampleforth Abbey.
BBC(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 修道院，大教堂，大寺院; （总称）全院修士; <英>属修道院的教堂
分布：修道院(94%)，修道院教堂(6%)
→词源同abbot.-y 地点后缀。
noun countable
■a building where monks or nuns live or used to live. Some abbeys are now used as churches 大修道院；大寺院；大教堂
• Westminster Abbey 威斯敏斯特大教堂（西敏寺）

Word: bearded
Front: bearded
['bɪədɪd] (9708/11716)
Vocabulary: bearded
(once / 1181 pages)
adj
Someone who's bearded has a beard. If your grandfather is often mistaken for Santa Claus because of his bushy white beard, you can describe him as bearded.
Men with beards — whether they're trimmed short or worn long and full — are bearded. Women can be bearded as well, though it's less common, and so can Billy goats, with their tufted little beards. The adjective bearded is sometimes even used to describe plants, like the bearded iris, which grows a prominent bushy "beard" on its lower petals. Bearded comes from the noun beard, with its Germanic root, barthaz.
WORD FAMILY
beard: bearded, bearding, beardless, beards
USAGE EXAMPLES
A bearded man wearing a gray fleece, his eyes puffy, approached the table.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Forget about the notions of unwashed bearded men living in caves.
BBC(Dec 22, 2016)
He led his bearded rebels to victorious revolution in 1959, embraced Soviet-style communism and challenged U.S. power during his half-century of rule in Cuba.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. （男子）有胡须的; （植物）有芒的; （鱼钩等）有倒刺的; （编结针等）有钩的
分布：有胡须的(100%)
US ['bɪr.dɪd] adjective
■with a beard 有胡须的
• A thin, bearded man sat opposite me on the train. 火车上，一个瘦瘦的、留着山羊胡的男人坐在我对面。
adj. 有芒的；有胡子的；有须的
 - awny, awned

Word: astronaut
Front: astronaut
[ˈæstrənɔ:t] (高研四六 5656/16330 -1)
Vocabulary: astronaut
(once / 2308 pages)
n
An astronaut is someone who travels in space. While the term was once reserved for military-trained professionals, recent accessibility of space travel has seen the term astronaut now used to refer to anyone traveling in a spacecraft, including civilians.
The word astronaut includes the root naut, from nautes, the Greek word for "sailor." This suffix can be used to create many travel-specific words. For example, the Argonauts were mythical Greek sailors on the ship named the Argo. Astronaut gets the astro from the Greek word astron, meaning "star," making an astronaut a “star sailor.” Russian space explorers took the title cosmonauts, with the cosmo part coming from the Greek for "universe," kosmos, so both have the same meaning.
WORD FAMILY
astronaut: astronautic, astronautical, astronauts
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Petraeus and retired astronaut Mark Kelly teamed up this year to launch the gun control advocacy group Veterans Coalition for Common Sense.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
SpaceX is slated to shuttle astronauts to the International Space Station — the first crewed space station launch from U.S. soil in years.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Glenn was the first American astronaut to orbit Earth and later became a U.S. senator.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 宇航员; 太空人; 航天员
分布：宇航员(100%)
→词根astro, 星。词根naut, 航行，见nautical, 航海的。
宇航员(astro+naut航行员)[astro,aster=star,表示"星星"]
宇航员(astro天空+naut船员)[nav,naus,naut=ship表示"船",naut引申为"海员"]
n.太空人,太空旅行者The astronaut, an astronomy fan, is astonished at the gymnastics show in the gymnasium.宇航员(一位天文学迷)对体育馆里的体操表演感到惊骇.
US [-nɑ:t] noun countable
■a person who has been trained for travelling in spacecraft 太空人
pilot, astronaut
这两个名词者指驾驶飞行装置的人员。
pilot: 指不进入外层空间的各类飞机的驾驶员。
astronaut: 指在外层空间(outer space)驾驶宇宙飞船、航天飞机等飞行装置的宇航员。
n. [航] 宇航员，航天员；太空旅行者
 - cosmonaut, spaceman

Word: conservationist
Front: conservationist
[ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃənɪst] (托 11943/12839 -1)
Back: n. 自然资源保护者，生态环境保护者
分布：自然资源保护论者(100%)
N-COUNT
环境保护工作者
A conservationist is someone who cares greatly about the conservation of the environment and who works to protect it.

Word: combustion
Front: combustion
[kəmˈbʌstʃən] (六托 9802/12420 -1)
Vocabulary: combustion
(once / 2226 pages)
n
Combustion means "the act of burning," like the combustion of fallen leaves that, if not extinguished immediately, can result in a forest fire.
Combustion derives from the Latin word comburere, which means "to burn up." Matches, kindling, paper, and lighter fluid can be tools for combustion. In chemistry terms, combustion is any process in which a substance combines with oxygen to produce heat and light. Cars run because their engines use combustion to get the cylinders to fire.
WORD FAMILY
combustion: combustions+/combust: combusted, combustible, combusting, combustion, combustive, combusts/ combustible: combustibility, combustibleness, combustibles, combustibly, incombustible, noncombustible
USAGE EXAMPLES
But don’t expect a eulogy for the internal combustion engine any time soon.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
Today internal combustion or diesel engines still power almost everything that moves on the road.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
Another was the internal combustion engine, early versions of which ran on petrol, gas, or even gunpowder.
BBC(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 燃烧，烧毁; 氧化; 骚动
分布：燃烧(100%)
noun uncountable
■the process of burning 燃烧（过程）
specialized
■the chemical process in which substances mix with oxygen in the air to produce heat and light （化学）燃烧
n. [热] 燃烧，氧化；骚动
 - burning, inflammation

Word: fluctuation
Front: fluctuation
[ˌflʌktʃʊ'eɪʃn] (六托 8463/6226)
Vocabulary: fluctuation
(once / 2397 pages)
n
The noun fluctuation refers to the deviations along the path from one point to another. We see frequent fluctuations in the stock market, as prices go up or down, and also in the weather, which is always changing.
The original form of the word fluctuation appeared as a mid-15th-century French word derived from the Latin fluctuationem, meaning "vacillation." The verb stem fluctuāre meant "to undulate," referring to waves, giving rise to the idea of change and movement that is at the heart of the word. It might help to remember that fluctuation has the same root as the word fluent, and to think of it as something flowing, with frequent change along the way.
WORD FAMILY
fluctuation: fluctuations+/ fluctuate: fluctuated, fluctuates, fluctuating, fluctuation / fluctuating: fluctuatingly, unfluctuating
USAGE EXAMPLES
As the Iraqi soldiers dug in, they were vulnerable to the fluctuations of the Tigris.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
This year, there were wide fluctuations in the price of some products, based on the data that PNC gathered from retailers, hatcheries and dance companies.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
A poor harvest in southern Europe, alongside currency fluctuations, means a predicted price rise in olive oil next year.
BBC(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 波动，涨落，起伏，[物]脉动; 动摇不定，踌躇; [生]彷徨变异
分布：波动(88%)，起伏(12%)
【反】invariance（n 恒定性；不变性）
VERB
变动;波动;上下浮动
If something fluctuates, it changes a lot in an irregular way.
例：Body temperature can fluctuate if you are ill.人患病后体温可能会上下波动。
例：...the fluctuating price of oil.油价的浮动
n. [海洋] 起伏， [电子] [物] 波动
 - wave, undulation

Word: inhibit
Front: inhibit
[ɪnˈhɪbɪt] (研六托雅宝 7404/5110 -1)
Vocabulary: inhibit
(once / 1953 pages)
v
When you inhibit something, you block it or hold it back. If you put plants in a dark room, you inhibit their growth. A teacher who mocks their students for giving wrong answers inhibits their willingness to speak up in class.
When you look at the word inhibit, think hinder. Though it sounds like it might be a bad thing to inhibit something else, there is no judgment built into the word. A drug that inhibits the growth of cancer cells would generally be considered a very good thing. While you may wish cancer cells to be inhibited, you probably don't wish it upon your friend's sense of humor or your country's economic growth.
WORD FAMILY
inhibit: inhibited, inhibiting, inhibition, inhibitor, inhibitory, inhibits+/ inhibited: uninhibited / inhibition: inhibitions/ inhibitor: inhibitors/ uninhibited: uninhibitedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Former Democratic Rep. Sharon Treat sponsored an unsuccessful rule change in 2011 to eliminate concept drafts, which she says waste time and inhibit transparency.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
And athletes’ celebrity shouldn’t inhibit their opportunity to express themselves, whether it’s their T-shirt, footwear or posture during the national anthem.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Much of “Silence” seems inhibited by Scorsese’s devotion to the subject, as if it risked corruption by the intervention of cinematic hedonism.
The New Yorker(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: v. 抑制; 禁止
时态：inhibited, inhibiting, inhibits
分布：抑制(93%)，阻止(6%)，使不能(1%)
→in-,进入，使，-hibit,持有，握住，词源同habit,prohibit.引申词义抑制，使拘束。
禁止,阻止(in不+hibit→不能拿→禁止)[hibit=hold,表示"拿住"]
vt.抑制,约束Her tight dress inhibited her movements.紧身衣使她不能活动自如.
【区】inhabit在别人的家里，就会受到inhibit（根：hibit拿）inhibited（adj 羞怯的；拘谨的）因为受到约束
【参】exhibit（n /v 展览）；prohibit（vt 禁止；阻止）
【反】foment（vt 煽动；激起）；catalyze（vt 催化）；further（vt 促进）
verb transitive
■to prevent someone from doing something, or to slow down a process or the growth of something 抑制；约束
• Some workers were inhibited (from speaking) by the presence of their managers. 一些工人在他们的经理面前不敢讲话。
• This drug inhibits the growth of tumours. 这种药可以抑制肿瘤的生长。
bridle, check, refrain, curb, inhibit, restrain
这组词都有“阻止、抑制、制止”的意思，其区别是：
bridle: 指抑制住强烈的感情或欲望。
check: 多指阻止前进或继续发展。
refrain: 常指暂时对某种行动或冲动的抑制。
curb: 可指急剧或果断的制止，也可指用严格的方法加以控制。
inhibit: 主要指抑制愿望、情绪或念头，也指制止某物的蔓延。
restrain: 含义广，指用强力或权力去阻止或限制某人做某事。
vt. 抑制；禁止
 - bar, restrain, control, stay

Word: conserve
Front: conserve
[kənˈsɜ:v] (研四六托雅宝 7938/7632 -2)
Vocabulary: conserve
(once / 683 pages)
1v 2vn
To conserve is to save or protect something, like money, or your energy on a long run. People are also encouraged to conserve energy by turning off lights and not cranking the air conditioner.
Conserve is from the Latin for "to keep, preserve, guard" (conservare). Con means "together," so "together" we can "serve" the planet by not doing doughnuts in the wetlands on our jet skis. You can conserve the planet or a little something for yourself — you might conserve hot water so you can wash your hair later, or try to conserve your old bedroom when you go off to college (and your mom is ready for a home office).
WORD FAMILY
conserve: conservancy, conservation, conserved, conserves, conserving+/ conservation: conservationist, conservations, conservativist/conservationist: conservationists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some appear to be in good condition but were conserved using a 1940s process that is slowly degrading the documents housed in the temperature-controlled archives.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
It will conserve 45 separate wetlands encompassing 280 acres, over two miles of undeveloped shoreline, forest, and other areas.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
The scans laid bare efforts to conserve the altarpiece, and the handiwork of its original masters.
New York Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: vt. 保护，保藏，保存; [化，物]使守恒; 将…做成蜜饯
n. 果酱，蜜饯
时态：conserved, conserving, conserves
分布：保存(46%)，节省(32%)，保持(13%)，果酱(4%)，蜜饯(4%)，用糖保存(1%)
→con-, 强调。-serve, 照看，保护，词源同observe, 观察。
保存;保守(con全部+serve→全部保持下来→保存)[serv=serve,keep表示"服务,保持"]
US [-ˈsɜ˞ːv/
■to keep and protect something from damage, change or waste 保护；保藏；保存；保留；节约
• To conserve electricity, we are cutting down on our central heating. 为了省电，我们在减少中央供热。
• The nationalists are very keen to conserve their customs and language. 民族主义者非常热衷于保留他们的习俗和语言。
• I'm not being lazy - I'm just conserving my energy/strength for later. 我不是在偷懒——我只是在为以后保存精力／体力。
noun countable or uncountable UK [ˈkɒn.sɜːv] US [ˈkɑːn.sɜ˞ːv] formal
■a type of jam in which the fruit is whole or in large pieces 蜜饯，果脯
• apricot/strawberry conserve 杏脯／草莓蜜饯
conserve, store, save, maintain, preserve
这组词都有“保存，储藏”的意思，其区别是：
conserve: 较正式用词，指小心地使用难以补充的资源或贵重物，免遭浪费或毁坏，以备不时之需。
store: 普通用词，指将物品存放，以备将来使用。
save: 普通用词，指尽量少用，以争取数量上有所增加。
maintain: 指保持原样，不增不减
preserve: 侧重将物品完好无损地保存下来。
conserve, reserve, retain, withhold, preserve, keep
这组词都有“保持，保存”的意思，其区别是：
conserve: 一般指保存自然资源，保全人的精力、力量等。
reserve: 正式用词，指为了将来的用途或其他用途而保存、保留。
retain: 指继续保持。
withhold: 指扣住不放，暗示有阻碍。
preserve: 主要指为防止损害、变质等而保存。
keep: 最常用词，指长时间牢固地保持或保存。
vt. 保存；将…做成蜜饯；使守恒
 - save, hold
n. 果酱；蜜饯
 - confiture, glazed fruit

Word: weaponry
Front: weaponry
[ˈwepənri] (11868/15924 -1)
Back: n. （总称）武器，兵器; “weapon”的派生; 仗
分布：兵器(88%)，武器研制(12%)
noun uncountable
■weapons in general （总称）武器，兵器
• nuclear/conventional weaponry 核／常规武器
• All hi-tech weaponry demands frequent servicing to ensure accuracy. 所有高科技武器都需要经常保养以确保精确性
n. 兵器，武器（总称）
 - arm, enginery

Word: voyage
Front: voyage
[ˈvɔɪɪdʒ] (高研四六托 6619/6502 -2)
Vocabulary: voyage
(once / 128 pages)
nv
If someone tells you "bon voyage!" they mean have a good trip. Voyage means trip in French but in English, we use it to mean a long journey.
Though voyage is usually used literally to mean a long and exciting journey or a trip that involves sailing such as a cruise, it can be used figuratively as well. Researching your family tree might become a voyage of self-discovery, taking you places you don't expect and teaching you more about yourself than you thought possible.
WORD FAMILY
voyage: voyaged, voyager, voyages, voyaging+/ voyager: voyagers
USAGE EXAMPLES
A Japanese government spokesman said on Monday the voyage showed China’s expanding military capability and Japan was closely monitoring it.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Japan's top government spokesman said on Monday the voyage showed China's expanding military capability and Japan was closely monitoring it.
Reuters(Dec 25, 2016)
At a time when Western influence was feared and rejected, he voyaged on an American ship to spread his faith.
BBC(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 旅行，航海，航空; 远行; 旅程
vi. 航行，旅行
vt. 驶过，横越
时态：voyaged, voyaging, voyages
分布：航行(67%)，旅行(22%)，旅程(11%)
→来自古法语voiage，旅行，航程，词源同via,way。后主要指航海。
n.航海;航行;旅行On the voyage, the enjoyable toy brought me joy and annoyance.在航行中,使人愉快的玩具给我带来快乐和烦恼.
noun countable
■a long journey, especially by ship 航海；航行
• He was a young sailor on his first sea voyage. 他第一次出海航行时还是个年轻的水手。
• figurative The first year of a loving relationship is a voyage (= period) of discovery. 谈恋爱的第一年是彼此了解的阶段。
['vɔɪ.ɪdʒ] verb intransitive old use or literary
■to travel 旅行
• In their little boat they planned to voyage to distant lands. 他们打算乘他们的小船出行去遥远的地方。
expedition, voyage, journey, trip, travel, excursion, tour, cruise
这组词都有“旅行”的意思，其区别是：
expedition: 指有特定目的远征或探险。
voyage: 指在水上旅行，尤指海上旅行，也可指空中旅行。
journey: 最普通用词，侧重指时间较长、距离较远的单程陆上旅行，也指水上或空中的旅行。
trip: 普通用词，口语多用，常指为公务或游玩作的较短暂的旅行。
travel: 泛指旅行的行为而不指某次具体的旅行，多指到远方作长期旅行，不强调直接目的地，单、复数均可用。
excursion: 较正式用词，常指不超过一天的短时期娱乐性游玩，也可指乘火车或轮船往返特定景点的远足旅游。
tour: 指最后反回出发地，旅途中有停留游览点，距离可长可短，目的各异的周游或巡行。
cruise: 主要指乘船的游览并在多处停靠。
n. 航行； [水运] [航] 航程；旅行记
 - navigation, salling
vi. 航行； [水运] 航海
 - put, sail
vt. 飞过；渡过
 - wing, cross

Word: magical
Front: magical
[ˈmædʒɪkl] (托 5584/6055 -2)
Vocabulary: magical
(once / 861 pages)
adj
Something magical seems to work by way of some mysterious, unseen force. If you had magical powers, you could make annoying people disappear or instantly fill your room with adorable kittens.
Wizards and witches are know for their magical and sometimes evil powers. However, a gorgeous sunset or a perfect day at Disney World can also feel magical. Magical comes from the Greek magikos, (also "magical"), from magos, "member of the learned and priestly class," probably stemming from the Proto-Indo-European magh-, "to have power."
WORD FAMILY
magical: magically+/ magic: magical, magician, magics/ magician: magicians
USAGE EXAMPLES
The underlying absurdity of those shows was redoubled through his lens, occasionally in the form of magical realism.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
The magical world of Oz now features a medieval look with period dress wear for women and the men in tunics.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
In Benedict Cumberbatch’s capable hands, the magical man of mystery transcends his comic-book roots and becomes a character with plenty of genuine dramatic heft.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 魔力的，不可思议的，迷人的; 神; 幻; 神奇
分布：神奇的(51%)，有魔力的(21%)，魔术的(17%)，迷人的(11%)
adjective
OF MAGIC 魔法的
■produced by or using magic 有魔力的；用魔法的
• Diamonds were once thought to have magical powers. 钻石曾一度被认为具有魔力。
['mædʒ.ɪ.kəl] adjective
SPECIAL/EXCITING 特别的／兴奋的
■describes something with a special and exciting quality 魔幻的，十分奇妙的（形容事物不可思议）
• We walked home arm-in-arm in the magical moonlight. 我们在皎洁的月色下手牵手走回家。
adj. 魔术的；有魔力的
 - demonic

Word: collide
Front: collide
[kəˈlaɪd] (研六托雅 7588/7759 -1)
Vocabulary: collide
(once / 612 pages)
v
It could be protons bouncing around in a particle accelerator, two cars failing to stop at an intersection, or the priorities of two people with very different goals. When things crash together, they collide.
The verb collide has roots in the Latin word collidere, which comes from col- or “together” and laedere, “to strike or damage," like planes that collide in midair. Collide can also describe ideas that clash, such as expectations that collide with reality or radical views that collide with tradition.
WORD FAMILY
collide: collided, collider, collides, colliding, collision +/collider: colliders/ collision: collisions
USAGE EXAMPLES
Nate Hutchinson said the unidentified man apparently collided with a tree Saturday within the bounds of the resort.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The State Patrol says Bob Greenlee was driving an SUV and attempting to pass another vehicle when he collided with Lucero’s sedan.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The report says McKee was westbound on Highway 45 when he collided with a southbound truck that failed to yield at a stop sign.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vi. 相撞; 碰撞; 冲突; 抵触
时态：collided, colliding, collides
分布：碰撞(89%)，互撞(10%)，砥触(1%)
→col-, 强调。-lid, 碰撞，撞击，词源同lesion,elide.
vi.[with]互撞,碰撞;冲突,抵触The tides slide on the tidy wide beach and collide each other.海潮在整洁宽阔的海滩上滑行并相互碰撞.
【参】collude（vi 串通，共谋）；collision（n 碰撞，冲突）；collusion（n 共谋，勾结）
verb intransitive
■(especially of moving objects) to hit something violently （尤指移动的物体）相撞，碰撞
• The two vans collided at the crossroads. 两辆货车在十字路口相撞。
• It was predicted that a comet would collide with one of the planets. 预计一颗彗星将与某行星相撞。
collide, conflict, bump, clash
这组词都有“碰撞”的意思，其区别是：
collide: 多指带毁坏性的猛烈相撞，也可指严重的直接冲突。
conflict: 这个词以前可表具体东西的撞击，现在常指冲突或对立。
bump: 主要指具体东西的有力碰撞，也可指碰到困难或障碍。
clash: 指有力的或带有金属碰击声的打、敲或相互冲击。
vi. 碰撞；抵触，冲突
 - hit, impact on, crash

Word: cohort
Front: cohort
[ˈkəʊhɔ:t] (7359/9225 -1)
Vocabulary: cohort
(once / 3733 pages)
n
A cohort is a group of people who are around the same age, like a cohort of college students who have similar experiences and concerns.
The word cohort was originally used to describe a military unit in ancient Rome. You can see how this retains traces of the word’s origins: cohorts are bound together by similar circumstances just like a group of soldiers in a military unit. Some language purists insist that the word only describe a group, such as a cohort of accountants, but it can also refer to companions or supporters, such as “Susie and her cohorts.”
WORD FAMILY
cohort: cohorts
USAGE EXAMPLES
Later still, a new cohort of scholars, influenced by postmodernism and cultural studies, looked at how human consciousness is shaped by language.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But, I wish Jews would learn from their Christian cohorts and ask directly, “What would God say?”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 22, 2016)
While a bit more than a third of the oldest Latino cohort support the GOP, only 17 percent of Latinos  overall identify as Republican.
Salon(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. （古罗马军队的）步兵大队，军队; 一群人; 同伙，共犯; 支持者
分布：一群人(48%)，步兵队(31%)，同伴(21%)
→co-, 强调。-hort, 围住，词源同yard, court.
US ['koʊ.hɔ:rt] noun countable [+ sing/pl verb] specialized
■a group of people who share a characteristic, usually age 有共同特点（通常指年龄）的一群人
• This study followed up a cohort of 386 patients aged 65+ for six months after their discharge home. 这项研究对386位年龄在65岁以上、出院回家的患者进行了六个月的跟踪观察。
■disapproving
■a group of people who support a particular person, usually a leader （通常指领袖的）追随者，支持者；党羽
• The Mayor and his cohorts have abused their positions of power. 市长和他的同党滥用职权。
n. 一群；步兵大队；支持者；同生群
 - pack, advocate

Word: creak
Front: creak
[kri:k] (12483/16400 -1)
Vocabulary: creak
(once / 755 pages)
vn
To creak is to make a high, groaning sound, like a rusty gate swinging shut. The old, worn floorboards in your house might creak as you walk down the hall.
Old doors and gates creak as they open, and tree branches creak as they blow around in very heavy wind. The sound itself is also a creak: "The creak of the front door in the silent house made them jump." In the 14th century, to creak was to "utter a harsh cry," and soon afterward it came to mean the same noise made by an object. Creak is imitative — the word itself sounds like a creak.
WORD FAMILY
creak: creaked, creaking, creaks, creaky +/creaking: creakings/ creaky: creakily
USAGE EXAMPLES
The maple floorboards were bubbled, and my twelve-year-old stride activated a creak.
Salon(Dec 28, 2016)
He settled down to his hamburger and milkshake and a comforting pile of press clippings about himself when the door creaked open.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Italian banks are creaking under the weight of 360 billion euros of bad loans - a third of the euro zone's total - following the financial crisis.
Reuters(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vi. 发出咯吱声或叽嘎声
n. 咯吱声或叽嘎声
时态：creaked, creaking, creaks
分布：嘎吱声(55%)，辗轧声(15%)，嘎吱嘎吱地作响(15%)，发出辗轧声(15%)
→拟声词。
verb intransitive
■When a door or floorboard, etc. creaks, it makes a long low sound when it moves or is moved （门、地板等）嘎吱作响
• The door creaked on its hinges. 门打开时铰链处嘎吱作响。
• I heard the floorboards creak as he crept closer. 他爬近时我听见地板嘎吱嘎吱地响。
[kri:k] noun countable
■a noise made when something creaks 嘎吱声
• I heard a creak on the stairs. 我听见楼梯上嘎吱一声响。
n. 嘎吱嘎吱声
 - crunchiness

Word: antenna
Front: antenna
[ænˈtenə] (研六宝 7121/23426 -1)
Vocabulary: antenna
(once / 3021 pages)
1n 2n
An antenna is a feeler found on the head of a bug. You know, the gross, creepy, pointy things they wave around and use as feelers or sensors. An antenna is also a device that sends radio and television signals.
The singular noun antenna is just one of the feelers on a bug’s head — a sensory wand the insect waves around to check out its surroundings. The plural of this antenna is antennae. (Those Greeks and their funny words!) The singular noun antenna is also the thing on top of your television or radio. The plural of this antenna is antennas.
WORD FAMILY
antenna: antennae, antennal, antennary, antennas
USAGE EXAMPLES
No towers would be built; antennas would be below the roofline of the visitor center.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
No towers would be built; antennas would be located below the roofline of the visitor’s center.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
A pagan priest was issued a state ID from Maine this month that includes his “spiritual antenna” — goat horns.
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. [生] 触角，触须; 感觉，直觉; 天线
分布：天线(96%)，触角(4%)
→词源不详。可能来自词根ten, 延长，见extend, 延长。指昆虫伸出触角。
n.(无线电或电视的)天线
【记】ante前（其中有ant蚂蚁），nna名词后缀－蚂蚁的前面－触角
noun
ORGAN 器官
countable (plural antennae)
■either of a pair of long thin organs which are found on the heads of insects and crustaceans (= animals with hard outer shells) and which are used to feel with 触须，触角
[æn'ten.ə] noun
NOTICING 感觉
countable usually plural (plural antennae or antennas)
■the natural ability to notice things and understand their importance 感觉；直觉
• Her finely-tuned political antennae helped her to sense problems that less-experienced politicians might not detect. 她敏锐的政治嗅觉使她可以意识到一些问题，而经验不足的从政者却可能觉察不到。
[æn'ten.ə] noun
PART OF RADIO 收音机部件（零件）
countable (plural antennas) mainly US for aerial (RADIO) 天线
n. [电讯] 天线； [动] 触角， [昆] 触须
 - Arial, aerial

Word: francophone
Front: francophone
['fræŋkəʊ.fəʊn] (28009/36956)
Back: adj. & n. 说法语的（人）
分布：讲法语的(100%)
→franco-, 法语。-phone,说。
US ['fræŋ.koʊ.foʊn] adjective [before noun]
■speaking French as the main or official language 以法语为主要（或官方）语言的
• francophone Africa 非洲以法语为主要语言的地区

Word: purview
Front: purview
[ˈpɜ:vju:] (17507/32740)
Vocabulary: purview
(once / 17589 pages)
n
The range or scope of something is its purview. If your occupation is chef, performing surgery is way outside your purview.
Anything inside a range of interest or activity is within a purview. A supervisor is in charge of certain workers — other workers are outside her purview. The surgeon general deals with medical issues: the defense budget is outside his purview. When a business expands, it's trying to increase its purview. If you go to the dentist and ask her to paint a picture of your tooth rather than extracting it, you're likely to discover you've gone way beyond her purview.
WORD FAMILY
purview: purviews
USAGE EXAMPLES
But in the privacy case under Ms. Dixon’s purview, any fines would be minimal under current Irish law.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
There also is a two-year ban on switching sides on a wider array of matters that were in the employee’s official purview.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Much of the nation’s protected wilderness, from national parks to national monuments, would be under his purview.
Science Magazine(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. （文件等的）范围; 眼界; 视野; 见识
分布：范围(100%)
→来自盎格鲁法语purveu que,在某规定下，在某条款下，该词原为法律术语，规定某立法机构的范围和权限，来自古法语porveoir,准备，供应，安排，来自拉丁语providere,准备，预见，预防，词源同provide.同时，拼写受view影响俗化，并最终引申新的词义，视野，见识，来自pur-,向前，view,看。
US ['pɝ:-] formal
noun uncountable
■the limit of someone's responsibility, interest or activity （责任、权益或活动的）范围；许可权
• This case falls outside the purview of this particular court. 这件案子超出了这个法庭的管辖范围。
• Some of the bank's lending operations come under/within the purview of the deputy manager, and some are handled directly by the manager. 有些银行贷款业务属于副经理的许可范围，而有些则由经理直接管理。
n. 范围，权限；视界；条款
 - extent, boundary, region, scope, rights, spectrum, territory

Word: cog
Front: cog
[kɒg] (托 17219/20326)
Vocabulary: cog
(once / 5322 pages)
1n 2v 3v
An engine needs each of its part to work. It has gears which have wheels. Each wheel has cogs, or tiny teeth that fit together, making the wheel turn, the engine run. Every cog is essential to that engine.
People can also be cogs — they are the workers who, day in and day out, perform their duties seemingly with no end in sight. Feeling disheartened, they might say, "I'm just a cog in the system." If you hear this, remind them of the true definition of the term cog — an instrumental part of the whole.
WORD FAMILY
cog: cogged, cogging, cogs
USAGE EXAMPLES
As Alabama’s machine rolls into the College Football Playoff semifinal Saturday against Washington, it will feature a curious cog in Williams.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Everyone else was just a cog in their beef-and-grain-exporting machine.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
She insists that she is just a cog in the machine.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. （用假骰子）欺骗，行贿; （大机构中的）无足轻重的成员
n. 钝齿; 雄榫
时态：cogged, cogging, cogs
分布：轮齿(35%)，雄榫(19%)，诈骗(19%)，用雄榫连接(9%)，从属地位的人或物(9%)，欺骗(9%)
→来自geu, 转，弯，大块，词源同cob, cudgel. 最终可能来自sker, 转，弯，词源同ring, curve.
US [kɑ:g] noun countable
■one of the tooth-like parts around the edge of a wheel in a machine which fits between those of a similar wheel, causing both wheels to move （齿轮的）嵌齿，轮齿
■ (also cogwheel)
■a wheel with cogs around its edge, used to turn another wheel or part in a machine 齿轮
UK [kɒg] US [kɑ:g] noun countable
a cog in a/the machine disapproving
■a member of a large organization whose job, although necessary, makes them feel as if they are not important （大机构中的）小职员；不可或缺但无足轻重的人，小人物
• I decided to set up my own business because I was tired of just being a cog in a machine. 我决定创立自己的公司，因为我厌倦了在大公司中做个微不足道的小人物。
vi. 以雄榫连接；一致，吻合；掷骰子时作弊，诈骗
 - cotton, identify, square

Word: jailer
Front: jailer
[ˈdʒeɪlə(r)] (20518/25748)
Back: n. <过时>监狱看守，狱卒
分布：狱卒(91%)，看守监狱的人(9%)
→jail,监狱，-er,人。即看监狱的人。
US [-lɚ] noun countable
■a prison guard 监狱看守

Word: masculinity
Front: masculinity
[ˌmæskjuˈlɪnəti] (六 11274/10734)
Vocabulary: masculinity
(once / 13089 pages)
n
Masculinity is the quality of manliness — habits and traits that society considers to be appropriate for a man.
While certain jobs and professions have traditionally been associated with masculinity, like the military and firefighting, for example, these associations have begun to change as more women have pursued those types of careers. Some typical traits of masculinity include physical strength, a muscular body, and facial hair. The Latin root of masculinity is masculinus, "male," which comes from masculus, or "worthy of a male."
WORD FAMILY
masculinity: masculinities+/demasculinize: demasculinizes/ masculine: masculinely, masculines, masculinise, masculinity, masculinize/masculinise: demasculinise, masculinisation, masculinised/masculinize: demasculinize, masculinization, masculinized, masculinizes, masculinizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
“We support programs that support healthy masculinity,” she said.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
And, in Gadd’s case, masculinity: alongside the personal healing, Monkey See Monkey Do insisted on a broader definition of manliness.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Patel: I found this masculinity and this sensitivity, both ends of the spectrum.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 男性; 男子气概
分布：男子气慨(100%)
→来自masculine,男人的。引申词义男子汉气概。
US [-ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
■the characteristics that are traditionally thought to be typical of or suitable for men 男子气概
• I don't think his masculinity is in question. 我认为他的男子气概无可置疑。
n. 男性；男子气；刚毅
 - mankind, maleness

Word: venom
Front: venom
[ˈvenəm] (托宝 12849/11968 -1)
Vocabulary: venom
(once / 1018 pages)
1n 2n
We’re pretty sure you wouldn’t drink a mysterious substance labeled “poisonous snake venom,” even if you didn’t know the meaning of venom. However, just to be clear, venom means "poison." Stay away from it.
Venom is poisonous fluid produced by animals such as snakes, spiders, and certain people. Okay — we take that last one back, sort of. Scientifically speaking, people don’t produce venom, but they can certainly do so in a metaphorical sense. That’s why venom can also be used to mean “malice” or “hatred.” If you encounter someone who seems full of venom, remember that kindness can be a good antidote. (So can a really insulting remark.)
WORD FAMILY
venom: envenom, venomous, venoms+/envenom: envenomed, envenoming, envenoms/ venomous: nonvenomous, venomously
USAGE EXAMPLES
Selling snake venom is profitable in parts of India, where keeping protected wildlife in captivity is illegal.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
One aria speaks of “you scum of the world,” of “dragon’s brood” spitting venom in the Saviour’s face.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
The process starts by injecting an animal, often a horse, with a small amount of diluted venom from a particular snake.
Science Magazine(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. （某些蛇、蝎子等分泌的）毒液; 恶意; <古>毒物
v. 放毒
分布：毒液(87%)，恶意(13%)
→来自拉丁语venenum,药物，春药，来自拉丁语venus,美丽，爱慕，渴求，词源同Venus,venereal,引申词义毒液，可能来自毒蛇的毒液会令人产生幻觉或古代确实用毒蛇毒液配制春药。
【记】ven＝wen吻，om＝room：吻房子的人一定是中毒了－毒素
noun uncountable
POISON 毒液
■a poisonous liquid which some snakes, insects, etc. produce when biting or stinging （蛇、昆虫等叮咬时分泌的）毒液
['venəm] noun uncountable
HATE 憎恨 literary
■the expression of feelings of hatred or extreme anger 愤恨，痛恨，怨恨
• He was shocked at the sheer venom of her reply. 对于她极度愤恨的回答他感到很震惊。
n. [毒物] 毒液；恶意
 - spite, malice
vt. 使有毒；放毒
 - envenom

Word: predetermine
Front: predetermine
[ˌpri:dɪˈtɜ:mɪn] (22725/20675)
Vocabulary: predetermine
(once / 6884 pages)
v
The verb predetermine means "determine in advance," like when you predetermine how much money you will spend on your friend's birthday present to make shopping easier.
Predetermine comes from the Latin word praedeterminare, from prae, meaning “beforehand,” and determinare, meaning “limit, settle.” When you predetermine things, such as who will bring the food and music to a party, things run more smoothly than if you left it to chance. Another meaning of the word isn't so positive — if the organizers of a contest predetermine that their friend will win, this isn't fair to the other participants.
WORD FAMILY
predetermine: predetermination, predetermined, predetermines, predetermining+/determinable: determinably, undeterminable/ determinant: determinants/ determination: determinations, indetermination, self-determination/ determine: determinable, determinant, determination, determined, determiner, determines, determining, determinism, predetermine, redetermine/ determined: determinedly, undetermined/determiner: determiners/determinism: determinisms, determinist, deterministic/determinist: determinists/predetermination: predeterminations/redetermine: redetermination, redetermined, redetermines/undetermined: undeterminedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The system is essentially deciding whether that behavior seems normal according to predetermined questions, then accepting or declining the purchase based on its decision.
Washington Post(Dec 02, 2016)
“Let’s not predetermine what the outcome of this stuff is.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 05, 2016)
No statistical methods were used to predetermine sample size.
Nature(Nov 20, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 预先裁定; 注定
时态：predetermined, predetermining, predetermines
分布：预先决定(100%)
→pre-,在前，determine,决定。
US [-di:'tɝ:.mən] slightly formal
verb transitive
■to decide or arrange something at an earlier time 预先决定，预先确定；事先安排
• It's impossible to say how much a person's behaviour is predetermined by their genes. 很难说一个人的行为有多少是由遗传基因预先决定的。
vt. 预先确定；预先决定；预先查明
 - preordain

Word: proviso
Front: proviso
[prəˈvaɪzəʊ] (22836/11590)
Vocabulary: proviso
(once / 4449 pages)
n
A proviso is something added to a document or agreement that details the terms. You might agree to buy a used car with a proviso that the fuzzy steering-wheel cover is included as part of the sale.
Proviso looks a lot like the words "provide" and "provision," and it goes back to the Latin verb providēre, "foresee, provide." Proviso often implies that there are conditions to getting something, as when you agree to take your younger brother to the movies with you, provided — with the proviso — that you get popcorn and an 82-ounce soft drink. Most parents would agree, with the proviso that the drink be no more than 20 ounces. Agreed?
WORD FAMILY
proviso: provisoes, provisos
USAGE EXAMPLES
He always closed with the same proviso: “I reserve the right to be wrong.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 23, 2016)
That proviso has been used once before, in 2005, when the then-Democratic majority decided a state superintendent’s race in the Democratic candidate’s favour.
Economist(Nov 24, 2016)
The AFP only agreed to assist with the police investigation on the proviso that the death penalty would not be sought or carried out.
The Guardian(Oct 27, 2016)
Back: n. 限制性条款，附文
分布：附带条件(100%)
→来自拉丁短语proviso quod,规定如下，来自proviso,规定的，词源同provision,quod,那个，词源同quality,what.引申词义限制条款，条文。
US [-zoʊ] (plural provisos)
noun countable
■a statement in an agreement, saying that a particular thing must happen before another can 限制性条款；附文；但书
• [+ that] He was released from prison with/on the proviso that he doesn't leave the country. 他获释出狱了，但前提条件是不能出国。
n. 附带条件；附文； [法] 限制性条款
 - rider, restrictive covenant

Word: psychopath
Front: psychopath
[ˈsaɪkəpæθ] (19123/20195)
Vocabulary: psychopath
(once / 25418 pages)
n
It would be unfortunate to end up alone in an elevator with a psychopath. A psychopath is a mentally ill person with violent tendencies.
Psychopath is a psychiatric term that refers to a person suffering from a mental illness involving violent behavior or various kinds of abnormal social interactions. A person who's been diagnosed as a psychopath has a lot of trouble interacting with other people and living a normal life. The noun psychopath is also used casually to mean simply a bizarre or unpredictably violent person. The word comes from the Greek words for "mind" and "suffering": psykhe and pathos.
WORD FAMILY
psychopath: psychopaths
USAGE EXAMPLES
For some, calling a serial killer a psychopath is somehow excusing them.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Another compared the dinner with a subplot from HBO’s “Game of Thrones” involving a psychopath’s grotesque physical and emotional debasement of a nobleman’s son.
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
These actors were reprising the psychopaths they played in previous movies, yet in each case Ms. Lupino’s character prevails.
New York Times(Nov 24, 2016)
Back: n. 精神变态者，精神病患者
分布：精神病患者(100%)
→psycho-,精神，心理，-path,疾病，词源同pathology.
精神病人(psycho精神+path→精神病人)[path=feeling,suffering,illness,表示"感情,痛苦,病"]
noun countable (informal psycho)
■someone who is very mentally ill and dangerous 精神病患者，精神变态者
specialized
■in psychology, a person who has no feeling for other people, does not think about the future and does not feel bad about anything they have done in the past 变态人格者
n. 精神病患者
 - mental, madman

Word: sporty
Front: sporty
[ˈspɔ:ti] (14333/22752 -1)
Back: adj. 像运动家的，直爽的; 花哨的，华美的
级别：sportier, sportiest
分布：赛车的(60%)，像运动员的(40%)
→sport,体育运动，-y,形容词后缀。引申比喻义精神的，有活力的。
US ['spɔ:r.i] adjective
FOR SPORT 运动
■describes someone who enjoys sport and is good at it 爱好且擅长体育运动的
• Guy wasn't really the sporty type. 盖伊不是那种擅长体育运动的人。
■describes clothes that are bright and informal, often looking like the type of clothes that you could wear for sports （衣服）亮丽休闲的，适合运动时穿着的
UK ['spɔ:.ti] US ['spɔ:r.i] adjective
FAST 快速
■A sporty car is a fast low car, often for two people only. 车身低速度快的（常为双座的汽车）
adj. 运动比赛的；像运动家一样的；轻便的，花哨的
 - portable, jazzy

Word: sonar
Front: sonar
[ˈsəʊnɑ:(r)] (14879/17722)
Back: n. 声呐装置，声呐系统; 声呐兵
分布：声纳(98%)，声波定位器(2%)
→一种利用声波探测水下物体的装置，缩写自 sound navigation ranging,拼写模仿 radar.
US ['soʊ.nɑ:r] noun uncountable
■equipment, especially on a ship, which uses sound waves to discover how deep the water is or the position of an object in the water, such as a group of fish 声纳（一种声波探测仪器，用声波测定水的深度或水下物体的方位）

Word: dud
Front: dud
[dʌd] (16646/33070 -1)
Vocabulary: dud
(once / 4100 pages)
nadj
Something that doesn't work the way it's supposed to is a dud. A bomb or firework that doesn't explode is one kind of dud. A bad blind date is another kind.
When a bomb fails to explode, it's a dud. A long-planned surprise party that fails miserably when the guest of honor doesn't show up is another kind of dud. You can also refer to a person as a dud, if he's an utter failure or a complete flop: "The lead actor was a total dud. He couldn't really sing or dance and he seemed nervous." In the 1800s, a dud was "a person in ragged clothing," from dudde, "cloak or mantle."
WORD FAMILY
dud: dudly, duds
USAGE EXAMPLES
But a last-minute loss in Pittsburgh ended that hope, and Baltimore finished with a dud of a performance Sunday in a 27-10 loss to Cincinnati.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
For every hit like “Mortal Combat” or “Lara Croft: Tomb Raider,” there are a slew of duds such as “Warcraft” and “Prince of Persia.”
Time(Jan 01, 2017)
For every hit like "Mortal Combat" or "Lara Croft: Tomb Raider," there are a slew of duds such as "Warcraft" and "Prince of Persia."
Reuters(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. [军]哑弹; 无用的人或物; 衣服，个人物品
adj. 无用的; 不完善的
分布：哑弹(51%)，无价值的(21%)，无用的人或物(14%)，个人物品.(14%)
→俚语，原义为破布。引申词义废物，哑弹，不中用的等诸多词义。
[dʌd] informal
noun countable
■something that has no value or that does not work 没用的东西，废物
• Are there any more batteries? This one's a dud. 还有没有电池？这个电池用完了。
• He's made eleven films in the last twenty years and not one a dud. 在过去的二十年里他一共拍了十一部电影，每一部都是精品。
[dʌd] informal
adjective
■not working or not having any value 没用的东西，废物
• A customer had tried to pass off a dud cheque (= one for which a bank will not give money). 有个顾客想用一张假支票蒙混过关。
n. 衣服； [军] 哑弹；无用物
 - clothes, garment, array, thread
adj. 无用的
 - useless, unnecessary, futile

Word: penchant
Front: penchant
['pɒ̃ʃɒ̃] (托宝 11438/14723 -1)
Vocabulary: penchant
(once / 5485 pages)
n
A penchant is a strong preference or tendency. If you have a penchant for pizza, you either eat it daily or wish you did.
Penchant borrows from French, in which penchant literally means inclined. It goes back to the Latin pendere, for hanging, which is also the source of pendant. In both French and English, speakers have long used the idea of inclination metaphorically: a hillside can be inclined in one direction or another, and so can a person's thoughts. But in English, penchant is only for desires.
WORD FAMILY
penchant: penchants
USAGE EXAMPLES
Williams discovered his penchant for film study after his family moved from Atlanta to Folsom, Calif., after his high school freshman season.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
The best strategy depends on your age, income, penchant for spending, loan burden and interest rates.
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
He even explains his penchant for fast food in terms of what he imagines to be its cleanliness.
Salon(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. （强烈的）倾向，爱好，嗜好
分布：名词(100%)
→来自拉丁语*pendicare,悬挂，依靠，倾向，来自pendere,悬挂，词源同pendant.引申词义爱好，嗜好。字母d脱落。
【记】pench＝pend挂，ant蚂蚁－把蚂蚁挂起来看－特别爱好
【参】pen雌天鹅，chant圣歌－雌天鹅唱圣歌－嗜好
【反】aversion（n 厌恶）；dislike（n 嫌恶）
US ['pen.tʃənt] noun countable usually singular
■a liking for, an enjoyment of, or a habit of doing something, especially something that other people might not like 偏好，倾向，嗜好
• a penchant for melodrama/skiing/exotic clothes 偏爱通俗剧／滑雪／奇装异服
• Her penchant for disappearing for days at a time worries her family. 她喜欢不时失踪几天，这让她的家人非常担心。
n. 嗜好；倾向
 - tendency, liability, weakness, habit, trend

Word: decorate
Front: decorate
[ˈdekəreɪt] (高研四六托雅宝 4327/3957 -K3)
Vocabulary: decorate
(once / 185 pages)
v
Putting up paintings, stringing up lights, and getting some flowers are all ways to decorate a house. When you decorate, you make things look better or at least more interesting.
Even an attractively furnished home can be decorated for a holiday or party. That means you dress up your house to celebrate the special occasion. Decorate is also used to describe certain kinds of success. A famous athlete might decorate a gym with trophies and championship rings. We say a person in the military, like a general, is decorated when he or she is given medals for bravery or other accomplishments.
WORD FAMILY
decorate: decorated, decorates, decorating, decoration, decorative, decorator, redecorate +/ decor: decorate, decors/decorated: undecorated/ decoration: decorations/ decorative: decoratively, decorativeness/ decorator: decorators/ redecorate: redecorated, redecorates, redecorating
USAGE EXAMPLES
Nearly every business in town — from the beauty salon to the local tourism agency — decorates its storefront with big bags of rice and sugar.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Earlier this week, Klein and customer Duane Frick were alone inside the sparsely decorated shop.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“If someone steals a stone to decorate their back yard,” he says, “you’ve lost a tangible part of Mason’s and Dixon’s historic achievement.”
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 装饰; 点缀; 粉刷; 授予（某人）勋章
vi. 装饰; 布置
时态：decorated, decorating, decorates
分布：装饰(83%)，装修(8%)，布置(8%)，授予某人奖章或其他奖状(1%)
→来自decor, 装饰。
v.装饰,装璜,布置I can't tolerate the acceleration in decorating the refrigerator.我不能容忍对冷库装饰的加速.
verb
MAKE ATTRACTIVE 使漂亮
 ESSENTIAL transitive
■to add something to an object or place, especially in order to make it more attractive 装饰，装扮，打扮
• They decorated the wedding car with ribbons and flowers. 他们用丝带和鲜花装饰婚车。
 IMPROVER intransitive or transitive
■to paint the inside or outside of a house or put paper on the inside walls 粉刷；（给…）贴墙纸
• We're going to decorate the kitchen next week. 我们下周要粉刷厨房。
• I hate the smell of paint when I'm decorating. 我刷墙时很讨厌油漆味道。
['dek.ə.reɪt] verb
HONOUR 授予荣誉
transitive
■to reward or honour a person by giving them something, especially a medal （尤指授予奖章以）嘉许，表彰
• They were decorated for their part in the rescue. 他们因在此次救援行动中的表现而受到嘉奖。
decorate, ornament
这组词都有“装饰”的意思，其区别是：
decorate: 普通用词，指对人或物进行装饰，使之更加完美。
ornament: 指装饰以精美之物，使某处或某物增添美丽的或景色。
vt. 装饰；布置；授勋给
 - paint, hang, make, post
vi. 装饰；布置
 - set sth out, trick out

Word: mushroom
Front: mushroom
[ˈmʌʃrʊm] (高研四六托雅宝 4256/6009 -2)
Vocabulary: mushroom
(once / 900 pages)
nv
A mushroom is the main body of a certain type of fungus. Edible mushrooms include portobellos and shiitakes. Don't mess around with the inedible types.
Walk in the woods after a few days of rain, and you're sure to see mushrooms growing from the damp forest floor. Mushrooms like moist environments, and many mushrooms also grow incredibly fast, which is where the verb form of mushroom, "grow and spread quickly," comes from. The word's origin is ultimately uncertain, although some experts believe it's related to the French mousse, or "moss."
WORD FAMILY
mushroom: mushroomed, mushrooming, mushrooms
USAGE EXAMPLES
On New Year’s Day in 1961, Leary’s team ingested mushrooms in his living room.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
A one-day soup cleanse incorporates bottles of cauliflower coconut, carrot turmeric and a shiitake mushroom vegan bone broth. Priced from $55 for five soups.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Any kind of mushrooms work, or a mixture of wild mushrooms.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 蘑菇; 蘑菇状物，蘑菇形物体; （女用）蘑菇形草帽; 暴发户
adj. 蘑菇的; 蘑菇形的; 迅速生长的; 雨后蘑菇似的
vi. 迅速增长; 采蘑菇; 迅速增加; （火）猛然的扩大
时态：mushroomed, mushrooming, mushrooms
分布：蘑菇(90%)，采蘑菇(4%)，迅速增加(2%)，暴发户(2%)，菌菇状物(1%)，雨后春笋般涌现(1%)
→来自古法语meisseron,蘑菇，可能来自moss,苔藓，潮湿的地方。即在潮湿的地方长出来的菌类。拼写俗词源化。
n.蘑菇vt.迅速生长,迅速增加,采蘑菇Factories mushroomed along the river.工厂沿着河如雨后春笋似地兴建起来.
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a fungus with a round top and short stem. Some types of mushroom can be eaten 蘑菇；伞菌，蕈
• wild /cultivated mushrooms 野生／人工栽培的蘑菇
• button (= very small) mushrooms 草菇
• dried/grilled/stuffed/sliced mushrooms 干／烤／填充调料／切片的蘑菇
• cream of mushroom soup 鲜奶油蘑菇汤
• For this recipe choose mushrooms with large caps (= top parts). 做这道菜要选菌盖大的蘑菇。
• Unfortunately some poisonous mushrooms look like edible mushrooms. 遗憾的是，某些有毒蘑菇外表与可食用蘑菇相似。
Compare toadstool
['mʌʃ.ru:m] [-rʊm] verb intransitive
■to increase very quickly 迅速增长；迅速发展
• The number of computers in schools has mushroomed in recent years. 近年来，学校里电脑的数量迅速增长。
n. 蘑菇，伞菌；蘑菇形物体；暴发户
 - agaric, toadstool
vi. 迅速增加；采蘑菇；迅速生长
 - rocket

Word: tan
Front: tan
[tæn] (研四六托宝 9634/8861 -2)
Back: n. 黄褐色，棕黄色; 鞣料; 马戏团; 晒黑的皮色
vt. （使）晒成棕褐色; 鞣（革）
vi. 晒成棕褐色
adj. 黄褐色的，棕黄色的; 鞣皮的
时态：tanned, tanning, tans
分布：棕褐色(42%)，晒黑(33%)，棕褐色的(16%)，黝黑(9%)
→来自法语 tan,橡树树皮，来自拉丁语 tannum,橡树树皮，来自 dhonu,橡树，杉木。因过 去用橡树树皮制革而得名，后引申形容词词义褐色的。
n./a.(皮肤因日晒而成)棕褐色(的)vt.晒黑The frank man put the first-rank blank blanket into the tan tank.直率的男子将一流空白毛毯放进黝黑的大容器
【记】鞣革需要tan（炭）火和丹宁酸（tannin）
【参】tanner（n 制革工人）
noun countable (also suntan)
 ADVANCED
■when your skin is brown from being in the sun 晒成棕褐色的肤色
• a deep tan 晒得黝黑的皮肤
[tæn] adjective noun uncountable
■(a) pale, yellowish brown 棕黄色（的）；棕褐色（的）
[tæn] verb (-nn-)
COLOUR 颜色
 ADVANCED intransitive or transitive
■to become brown, or to make someone's body or skin, etc. brown, from being in the sun 晒成棕褐色的肤色
• Her skin tans very quickly in the summer. 她的皮肤在夏天很容易晒黑。
• I need to tan my legs before the holiday. 我需要把腿晒黑才去渡假。
• Tanned workmen were sitting around the dock. 皮肤晒得黑黝黝的工人在码头围坐。
[tæn] verb (-nn-)
LEATHER 皮革
transitive
■to change animal skin into leather using special chemicals such as tannin 鞣（革）；用鞣酸将（兽皮）制成皮革
[tæn] verb (-nn-)
tan sb's hide (UK also tan the hide off sb) old-fashioned
■to beat someone 揍（某人）
• I'll tan his hide if I catch him. 如果我抓到他，一定会把他揍扁。
[tæn] abbreviation written abbreviation for
■ tangent (TRIANGLE)
tag, tar, tap, tan
tag: 标签，货签；
tar: 柏油，焦油
tap: 水龙头，轻拍，利用，开发；
tan: 晒黑成棕褐色，鞭打；
n. 棕褐色； [皮革] 鞣料；马戏团
 - circus, Circus Troupe
adj. 黄褐色的；鞣皮的
 - fulvous, snuffcoloured

Word: tug
Front: tug
[tʌg] (研六托雅 6210/6725 -2)
Back: vt. & vi. 用力拉，使劲拉; 使劲，挣扎; [航海]用拖船拖曳; 竞争
n. 猛拉，推力; 绳索链条; [航海] 拖船; 竞争，斗争
时态：tugged, tugging, tugs
分布：拖船(64%)，用力拉(36%)
→来自古英语 teohan,拉，拖，来自 Proto-Germanic*teuhan,拉，拖，来自 deuk,拉，词源同 duct,tow.
v.用力拖(或拉);苦干n.拖;苦干;拖船She tugged my ear.她拉我的耳朵.
verb intransitive or transitive (-gg-)
■to pull something quickly and usually with a lot of force （用力）拉，拖，拽
• Tom tugged at his mother's arm. 汤姆拽着妈妈的胳膊。
[tʌg] noun countable
BOAT 船 (also tugboat)
■a boat with a powerful engine which can change direction easily and is used to pull large ships into and out of port 拖轮
[tʌg] noun countable
PULL 拉
■a sudden strong pull on something （用力）拉，拖，拽
• Feeling a tug at his sleeve, he turned to see Joe beside him. 他感觉到有人拉他的袖子，一转身，看到乔在他身边。
draw, jerk, tow, pull, drag, haul, tug
这组词都有“拖、拉”的意思，其区别是：
draw: 指将人或物朝出力者的方向拖，不涉及力的大小，含平稳意味，常作借喻用。
jerk: 指快而突然地拉。
tow: 特指用绳子或链条等拖或拉本身无动力或无法使用自身动力的东西。
pull: 最普通用词，包含本组其它各词的一些意思，可指朝各个方向拉，侧重一时或突然拉动的动作。
drag: 指沿斜坡而上或水平方向缓慢地拖或拉十分沉重的人或物。作借喻时可指把人硬拉扯过来。
haul: 指用力拖或拉，不涉及方向，多作航海用词。
tug: 多指一阵阵地用力拖或拉，但不一定使被拉的人或物移动。
n. 拖船；拖曳；苦干
 - tugboat, towboat
vi. 用力拉；竞争；努力做
 - contest, cope
vt. 用力拉；较量；用拖船拖
 - rouse up, stack up against

Word: persuasion
Front: persuasion
[pəˈsweɪʒn] (研六 9532/7602 -1)
Vocabulary: persuasion
(once / 696 pages)
n
Persuasion is something meant to get you to do or believe something. If you’re not sure you want to go somewhere, your friend might use persuasion to talk you into it.
Being of a certain persuasion or belief, means you already have your mind made up, as a person who is of the Democratic persuasion or the Lutheran persuasion. Another meaning for persuasion is the act of influencing someone to do something or to change their mind. For example, good salespeople use persuasion to get people to buy things, just as children use persuasion to get permission to do certain things.
WORD FAMILY
persuasion: persuasions+/persuadable: unpersuadable/ persuade: persuadable, persuaded, persuader, persuades, persuading, persuasible, persuasion, persuasive /persuaded: unpersuaded/persuader: persuaders/ persuasive: persuasively, persuasiveness, persuasivest, unpersuasive/unpersuasive: unpersuasively, unpersuasiveness
USAGE EXAMPLES
My husband was subjected to a constant bombardment of persuasion.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
I still reread “Pride and Prejudice” once in a while, along with the quieter favorites like “Persuasion.”
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Moreover, Torba insists that the site is open to everyone of whatever political persuasion.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. 劝说，说服（力）; 信仰
分布：说服(65%)，劝说(30%)，信念(5%)
n.说服,说服力After a lot of persuasion, she agreed to go.经过多次劝说后,她同意去了.
US [pɚ-] noun
CHANGING IDEAS 改变主意
uncountable
■the action of persuading someone or of being persuaded 说服
• It took a lot of persuasion to convince the committee of the advantages of the new scheme. 让委员会相信新计划的种种好处要费尽许多唇舌。
• She will help you - she just needs a bit of gentle persuasion. 她会帮你的——只是须要稍微劝劝她。
• The occasion will be a test of the senator's powers of persuasion (= his ability to persuade people). 这是考验参议员说服力的时候了。
UK [pə'sweɪ.ʒən] US [pɚ-] noun
BELIEFS 信念
countable
■a particular set of beliefs, especially religious （尤指宗教上的）信仰，信念
• We need a society which welcomes people of all religious persuasions. 我们需要一个可包容一切宗教信仰的社会。
n. 说服；说服力；信念；派别
 - faith, wing

Word: refinance
Front: refinance
[ˌri:ˈfaɪnæns] (12604/35569 -1)
Vocabulary: refinance
(once / 5062 pages)
v
To refinance a loan is to start the terms over again, usually with a lower interest rate. If you buy a house with a mortgage at a high interest rate, you may be able to refinance later and pay less each month.
When you take out a loan from a bank, you always have to pay interest — you agree to pay the money back, plus a certain monthly or yearly percentage of it. If this percentage is high, or the monthly payment is too much, you can sometimes refinance the loan and get new terms that are better. Finance was originally an Old French word meaning "payment" or "settlement of a debt."
WORD FAMILY
refinance: refinanced, refinances, refinancing+/ finance: financed, finances, financial, financier, financing, refinance / financial: financially, nonfinancial/ financier: financiering, financiers/ financing: financings
USAGE EXAMPLES
District of Columbia University, $311.5 million of revenue refinancing bonds.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Otherwise, consider refinancing any private loans separately and apply the amount you save to your federal loan bills.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Energy Future refinanced billions of dollars in debt early in its chapter 11 proceeding and said it was entitled to ignore the make-whole clause.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: v. 再为…筹钱; 对…再供资金
时态：refinanced, refinancing, refinances
分布：重新申请贷款(56%)，再筹资金(44%)
→re-,再，重新，finance,金融，融资。
VERB
（为了清偿债务）重新融资，再筹资金
If a person or a company refinances a debt or if they refinance, they borrow money in order to pay the debt.
例：A loan was arranged to refinance existing debt...办理贷款以清偿现有债务。
例：It can be costly to refinance.再融资有时费用会很高。

Word: bottleneck
Front: bottleneck
[ˈbɒtlnek] (宝 15429/19722)
Vocabulary: bottleneck
(once / 13371 pages)
nv
A bottleneck is a type of traffic jam, when cars get stuck or slowed down in a narrow part of the roadway. You might leave work two hours later than usual to avoid a bottleneck.
Anything that gets stalled in a narrow area, whether it's auto traffic or pedestrians, can be called a bottleneck. Information can also get stuck in a kind of bottleneck, if the system itself creates a delay. The term comes from the shape of an actual bottleneck, or the narrow neck or mouth of a bottle.
WORD FAMILY
bottleneck: bottlenecked, bottlenecking, bottlenecks
USAGE EXAMPLES
They joke about the bottleneck, calling it “the Wormhole,” and talk of adding lanes in another 10 years.
Washington Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Canada’s energy sector, hit hard by a two-year slump in oil prices, wants more pipelines to help ease bottlenecks in getting crude out of Alberta.
The Guardian(Nov 29, 2016)
Canada's energy sector, hit hard by a two-year slump in oil prices, wants more pipelines to help ease bottlenecks in moving crude out of Alberta.
Reuters(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 瓶颈; 瓶颈路段（常引起交通堵塞）; （尤指工商业发展的）瓶颈; 阻碍
时态：bottlenecked, bottlenecking, bottlenecks
分布：瓶颈(98%)，阻塞(1%)，狭窄的(1%)
【记】bottle瓶子，neck脖子－瓶颈
【反】indefinite（adj 无限定的）
US ['bɑ:.tˌl-] noun countable
■a place where a road becomes narrow, or a place where there is often a lot of traffic, causing the traffic to slow down or stop 狭窄路段，瓶颈路段；交通阻塞点
• Roadworks are causing bottlenecks in the city centre. 道路施工导致市中心交通阻塞。
■a problem that delays progress 障碍；僵局
• Is there any way of getting round this bureaucratic bottleneck? 有办法避开这种拖拉推诿的官僚作风吗？
n. [包装] 瓶颈；障碍物
 - barrier, block

Word: zoo
Front: zoo
[zu:] (中高雅 6286/6119 -2)
Back: n. 动物园; <美俚>（铁路货车的最后一节）守车; <美俚>核粒子园
→来自zoological gardens的缩写。
n.动物园Having played golf, the wolf in wool rested on the tool stool in the zoo.打过高尔夫球之后,穿羊毛衣的狼歇在动物园里的工具登上.
[zu:] (plural zoos) (old-fashioned formal zoological gardens)
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■an area in which animals, especially wild animals, are kept so that people can go and look at them, or study them （尤指野生）动物园
n. [动] 动物园
 - menagerie, vivarium

Word: abstain
Front: abstain
[əbˈsteɪn] (托宝 13833/11773 -1)
Vocabulary: abstain
(once / 555 pages)
1v 2v
If you abstain from something, you restrain yourself from consuming it. People usually abstain from things that are considered vices — like drinking alcohol or eating chocolate.
Roots of the word abstain are from the 14th-century French, "to withhold oneself," and the word often refers to people who abstain or keep themselves from drinking liquor. The noun form abstinence also pops up often in reference to abstinence programs that urge teens to abstain from premarital sex. Abstain can also mean to withhold a vote, and sometimes a difficult decision is held up when government representatives abstain from voting one way or another.
WORD FAMILY
abstain: abstained, abstainer, abstaining, abstains, abstention, abstinent +/abstainer: abstainers/ abstention: abstentions/ abstinence: abstinences/ abstinent: abstinence, abstinently
USAGE EXAMPLES
He repeated that he disagrees with the administration’s move last week to abstain from a vote in the U.N.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
By abstaining on the settlement resolution, the United States paved the way for its approval.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Kerry’s overarching claim on Wednesday was that the United States abstained at the Security Council last week in an effort to save the two-state solution.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vi. 戒（尤指酒），戒除; 弃权; 避免
时态：abstained, abstaining, abstains
分布：弃权(77%)，戒绝(16%)，节制(7%)
→前缀abs-为ab-变体，离开，松开。词根-tain同ten, 握住，持有,见tenure,任期。引申词义弃权。
戒绝(abs+tain拿住→不再拿住→戒绝)[ab-,abs-加在词根前,表示"相反,变坏,离去"等]
【参】abstention和abstinence（n 戒绝，节制）retain（v 保留）；attain（v 获得）
verb intransitive
NOT DO 不做
■to not do something, especially something enjoyable that you think might be bad 戒绝，戒除（尤指不好的享乐）
• He took a vow to abstain from alcohol/smoking/sex. 他发誓戒酒／戒烟／ 禁欲。
[æb'steɪn] verb intransitive
NOT VOTE 不投票
■to decide not to use your vote 弃权
• 63 members voted in favour, 39 opposed and 5 abstained. 63名成员投票赞成，39票反对，5票弃权。
vi. 自制；放弃；避免
 - contain, restrain oneself

Word: clobber
Front: clobber
[ˈklɒbə(r)] (19903/23051 -1)
Vocabulary: clobber
(once / 18732 pages)
1v 2n
To clobber is to beat up or to defeat soundly in a game. You can say your favorite baseball team clobbers the competition if they win with a score of 10 to 0.
When a boxer knocks out his adversary he clobbers him, and a bully clobbers his victim by punching him repeatedly. You can also clobber someone without shedding blood, as when you beat your dad in chess. The word clobber was originally World War II British air force slang, in the 1940s, and usually referred to aerial bombing.
WORD FAMILY
clobber: clobbered, clobbering, clobbers
USAGE EXAMPLES
He joked about clobbering attackers with a stapler.
Washington Post(Dec 12, 2016)
But the narrative changed after that clobbering Friday.
Seattle Times(Dec 02, 2016)
The man who’s clobbering Apple started out low on the tech spectrum.
Seattle Times(Nov 24, 2016)
Back: vt. 连续打击; 彻底打垮
时态：clobbered, clobbering, clobbers
分布：狠揍(55%)，不断地打击(15%)，彻底打垮(15%)，使受到严重的经济损失(15%)
→英国空军俚语，拟声词，模仿炸弹爆炸的声音。
US ['klɑ:.bɚ] verb transitive
HIT 打 informal
■to hit someone or something hard and repeatedly 狠打，揍；连续猛击
• If you do that again, I'll clobber you (one). 你再做那事，我就狠狠揍你一顿。
■informal
■to punish someone 惩罚，处罚
• The government is proposing new measures to clobber tax dodgers. 政府正在拟订新的措施来严惩逃税者。
■informal
■to harm someone financially 损害，伤害（某人的经济利益）；使蒙受经济损失
• The new supermarket is really going to clobber the small local shops. 新超市确实会使当地的小店铺蒙受巨大的经济损失。
UK ['klɒb.ər] US ['klɑ:.bɚ] verb transitive
DEFEAT 打败
■to defeat completely 彻底打败
• The government clobbered the opposition's proposals. 政府彻底否决了反对党的提议。
UK ['klɒb.ər] US ['klɑ:.bɚ] noun uncountable UK informal
■possessions, especially those that you carry around with you, or clothes 财物；（尤指）随身物品；衣物
• I've got far too much clobber in my handbag. 我手提包里的东西太多了。
• Did you bring all your tennis clobber? 打网球用的东西你都带来了吗？
vt. 击倒；痛打
 - floor, fall
n. 衣服；软膏；环草胺除草剂
 - clothes, garment, array, thread

Word: hoarding
Front: hoarding
[ˈhɔ:dɪŋ] (30749/19628)
Back: n. 贮藏; 积蓄; 临时围墙; 囤积
v. 积蓄并储藏（某物）( hoard的现在分词 )
分布：囤积(91%)，贮藏(6%)，招贴板(1%)，广告牌(1%)，动词hoard的现在分词形式.(1%)
→词源同hurdle,栏杆，跨栏，110米栏，ing,集合名词后缀。引申词义围栏，围栏上的广告牌，户外大型广告牌。
US ['hɔ:r-] UK
noun countable
ADVERTISEMENT 广告 (US billboard)
■a very large board on which advertisements are shown, especially at the side of a road （尤指路旁的）大型广告牌
• an advertising hoarding 大幅广告牌
UK ['hɔ:.dɪŋ] US ['hɔ:r-] UK
noun countable
FENCE 栅栏
■a temporary fence, usually made of boards, put around an area, especially one where people are building （尤指建筑工地周围的）临时围栏
n. [贸易] 囤积；贮藏； [建] 临时围墙
 - store, coemption
v. 贮藏（hoard的ing形式）
 - stowing

Word: cox
Front: cox
[kɒks] (-/7964)
Back: n. 舵手
v. 做舵手
时态：coxed, coxing, coxes
分布：舵手(82%)，作舵手(9%)，驾驶(9%)
→词源同conch, 海螺。引申义小船，船工。
US [kɑ:ks] noun countable (formal coxswain)
■the person who sits at the back of a rowing boat and controls which direction it moves in （划艇的）舵手
• Coxes are often small, light people. 舵手通常是体重较轻的小个子。
UK [kɒks] US [kɑ:ks] verb intransitive or transitive
■to act as a cox 当（划艇的）舵手
• She coxed for her college for three seasons. 她在大学当了三个赛季的舵手。
• He coxed the winning eight. 他是那艘获胜的八人艇的舵手。
n. 舵手
 - helmsman, timoneer

Word: depot
Front: depot
[ˈdepəʊ] (托 10213/6543 -1)
Vocabulary: depot
(once / 863 pages)
n
A depot is a place where things are stored in large quantities for future use. Your office might have a depot in the back where supplies are stored.
Depot came into English from the French word dépôt, meaning "a deposit, place of deposit." A depot can be a place like a warehouse where items are temporarily deposited, but we also use it for a train or bus station. In this case, think of it as a place where a many passengers are being temporarily housed. Your bus trip might require you to get off one bus at a big depot, and transfer to another.
WORD FAMILY
depot: depots
USAGE EXAMPLES
Harris moved from Tuscaloosa, Alabama, to Georgia to work at Home Depot’s corporate office in Cobb County, Georgia, just northwest of Atlanta.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Only the picture’s title, “Negro Burial Ground,” hints at the whole truth of the depot’s past.
The New Yorker(Dec 28, 2016)
She leaves her house in Northern Virginia at 5 a.m. for a supply run to Restaurant Depot.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 仓库; 火车站或汽车站; 航空站; [军]补给站
v. 把…存放在储藏处
adj. 药性持久的
分布：仓库(48%)，车站(28%)，补给站(15%)，贮藏所(9%)
→来自deposit的法语拼写形式，引申词义放置，仓库。拼写比较entrepot, compote.
US ['di:.poʊ] noun countable
■a building where supplies or vehicles, especially buses, are kept （尤指公车的）车库；仓库
• an arms/weapons depot 武器库
• a fuel/storage depot 油／仓库
• a bus depot 公车库
US
■a bus station or train station 汽车站；火车站
n. [建] [经] 仓库；停车场；航空站
 - airport, warehouse

Word: geek
Front: geek
[gi:k] (13318/43582)
Vocabulary: geek
(once / 6678 pages)
n
Geek is a slang term for someone who is really intelligent about something, like computers, chess, books, or just about anything. Geeks stand out in a crowd, and not always in a good way, which makes them easy to tease.
Intelligence does more good than stupidity, and the negative way people use the term geek seems unfair. Sure, geeks sometimes dress funny and say weird things about robots, but they’re not bad people. The Scottish root word geck translates as “fool,” and many famous geeks were called fools before their ideas changed the world. Remember, today’s geek is tomorrow’s billionaire. Unless you mean a circus geek, which is a person who bites heads off live animals. They'll never be billionaires.
WORD FAMILY
geek: geeks
USAGE EXAMPLES
And some people are tech geeks, absorbed in new ways to record or quantify or manipulate data.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Is it the isolation of the self-sufficient music geek?
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Q: Do you consider yourself a geek or a nerd or both?
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 笨蛋，蠢货; 对电脑痴迷的人; 不可救药的人
分布：极客(68%)，电脑迷(16%)，杂技团表演者(8%)，反常人(8%)
→来自英语方言geck, 笨蛋，傻瓜。最终来自拟声词，咳喉咙的声音，半天憋不出一句话。
[gi:k] informal
noun countable
■a person, especially a man, who is boring and not fashionable （尤指男人）土包子，土老帽儿
• He's such a geek. 他真是个土包子。
n. 做低级滑稽表演的人；反常的人；畸形人；野人
 - Freaks, yowie

Word: limbo
Front: limbo
[ˈlɪmbəʊ] (宝 12798/14647 -1)
Vocabulary: limbo
(once / 3785 pages)
1n 2n
No, this isn’t the dance where you try to squeeze under a pole by leaning backwards, this limbo refers to an imaginary place for lost or forgotten things. It’s where your socks go when you lose them in the dryer.
Limbo is originally a Roman Catholic term used to describe a place for infants who die before baptism. In common speech limbo can be used in much the same way as “gray area.” It’s a place where nothing is clear or certain. When the law isn’t clear on a specific issue, then that issue is in “legal limbo.” If there is an election that is so close that no one knows who won, that’s “political limbo.”
WORD FAMILY
limbo: limbos
USAGE EXAMPLES
Goff was down there, somewhere, sacked by giants, handcuffed by his coaches, left lying in the limbo of a lost autumn.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Like the Fontainebleau, however, Emerald River is still in limbo.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
How to describe the need sometimes to belong, the wish for a counterweight to life in limbo?
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. [宗]地狱的外缘; 不稳定，中间状态; 监狱; 林波舞（西印度群岛的一种舞）
分布：拘禁(67%)，中间或不定的状态(33%)
→词源不详，可能来自limber, 柔软的，灵活的，用来指西印度群岛的一种舞蹈，舞者需后仰，且越来越低，引申词义处于不定状态。limbo 地狱的边缘
【记】原指地狱的边境：不能进入天堂的正直无辜的灵魂所在地，处于天堂和地狱的中间过渡状态。读：凌波（微步），段誉的绝技，姿势摇摇晃晃－不安定状态。
US [-boʊ] noun
UNCERTAINTY 不确定
uncountable
■an uncertain situation that you cannot control and in which there is no progress or improvement 悬而未决；停滞不前
• Until we've got official permission to go ahead with the plans we're in limbo. 在该计划得到正式批准之前，我们一直处于停滞状态。
UK ['lɪm.bəʊ] US [-boʊ] noun
DANCE 舞蹈
the limbo
■a dance from the West Indies in which the dancer bends backwards to go under a low bar which is made lower each time he or she goes under it 林波舞（源自西印度群岛，舞者向后弯腰钻过逐次降低的横杆）
n. 监狱；地狱的边境；放置丢弃物的场所；处于中间的或不定的状态
 - prison, jail

Word: persecute
Front: persecute
[ˈpɜ:sɪkju:t] (研六雅宝 12900/13795 -1)
Vocabulary: persecute
(once / 241 pages)
v
To persecute is to make someone suffer or to keep them in bad circumstances. In some parts of the world governments or military groups persecute, or punish, people for religious beliefs, often sending them to prisons or work camps.
You can use the verb persecute to talk about abusive acts against a person or group of people. Persecute is usually used to specify the harm done to a particular group, as when a person is persecuted for his affiliation with a religious group. Those born of a certain race or culture can be targets too. Adolf Hitler became notorious for his orders to persecute the Jewish people.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
persecute / prosecute
But I firmly believe these particular bureaucrats have only one group they plan to monitor and persecute — I mean prosecute — on this issue.
What is it about pursuing legal action that makes people think of harassing someone? Although we're not sure, it turns out that people have been confusing persecute and prosecute from the start.
Prosecute entered English first: probably before 1425 from prosecuten (to follow up or pursue) in Polychronicon by Ranulf Higdon. Higdongot his term from the Latin prōsecūtus, whose root means to pursue. By 1579, prosecute had taken on the sense of pursuing legal action before a court:
His compassion and experience would allow him to prosecute cases that will make us all safer.
Persecute, on the other hand, entered English in 1450 meaning to pursue for the purpose of harming. Before 1450, it had often been confused with prosecuten from (you guessed it) Higdon's Polychronicon. Persecute, however, comes from the Middle French persécuter, to pursue, torment, or begin legal action. Today, persecute can mean harming, harassing, tormenting, or oppressing:
"It was actively involved in every operation to persecute, expel and exterminate the Jews from the very beginning," he said.
Given that persecute and prosecute once both meant shades of to pursue and to begin legal action, perhaps those who confuse the two should be neither prosecuted or persecuted.
WORD FAMILY
persecute: persecuted, persecutes, persecuting, persecution, persecutor+/ persecution: persecutions/persecutor: persecutors
USAGE EXAMPLES
The roughly 1 million Rohingya Muslims are widely described as the world’s most persecuted minority.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Parsis arrived in India in the 10th century after Islamic rulers persecuted them in Persia, modern-day Iran.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
The governor of Baghdad, Ali Tamimi, denounced what he described as a "barbaric" act that sought to "persecute and muzzle journalists".
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. （尤指宗教或政治信仰的）迫害; 烦扰，困扰; 强求，死缠着要
时态：persecuted, persecuting, persecutes
分布：迫害(79%)，为难(14%)，烦扰(7%)
→per-,完全的，-sec,追求，跟随，词源同execute,sequence.引申词义追踪，猎捕，迫害。
迫害(per始终+secute→从头跟到尾→迫害)[secut,sequ=follow表示"跟随"]
vt.迫害,虐待,困扰Jews were persecuted by the Nazis.犹太人受纳粹迫害.
【记】per全部，secu＝sequ跟随，te：全部跟着你，迫害你
US ['pɝ:-] verb transitive
■to treat someone unfairly or cruelly over a long period of time because of their race, religion, or political beliefs or to annoy someone by refusing to leave them alone （因种族、宗教、政治理念）迫害；虐待；烦扰，纠缠
• Religious minorities were persecuted and massacred during the ten-year regime. 在长达十年的独裁统治期间，宗教信仰上的少数派遭到了迫害和屠杀。
• His latest film is about the experience of being persecuted for being gay. 他最新的一部影片以同性恋者受迫害的经历为题。
• Ever since the news broke about her divorce, she has been persecuted by the tabloid press. 自从她离婚的消息传出后，她一直被八卦小报紧咬不放。
vt. 迫害；困扰；同…捣乱
 - beset, eat at

Word: relay
Front: relay
[ˈri:leɪ] (高研六托雅 8326/11282 -2)
Vocabulary: relay
(once / 939 pages)
1nv 2nv
If you relay something, you pass it to another person. When you relay the information that your pet monkey is known to attack people to your neighbors, you should bring a basket of muffins.
Relay comes from the French relayer, which means "to change hounds on a hunt." It still has that sense of something passed in motion. You might run a relay race — each team member carries a baton part-way, then passes it on. We relay news, as when you take a message from Sally and relay it to Harry. A fresh work crew is a relay, and so is an electrical switch that can turn a second circuit on.
WORD FAMILY
relay: relayed, relaying, relays
USAGE EXAMPLES
No, it was a story which appeared to grow wilder somewhere along the relay chain of information from local media to international news.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
I relayed the details to my best friend, who was sympathetic.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Her phone rang with calls from relatives from her village, but she couldn’t bring herself to relay the news.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 接替人员，替班; 传递; 接力赛; 继电器
vt. 转播，传达; 用驿马递送，使接替; 分程传递
时态：relayed, relaying, relays
分布：继电器(32%)，接力(26%)，中继(18%)，接力赛(12%)，转播(6%)，接替(3%)，转达(2%)，替班(1%)
→来自中古法语 relai,留下供接替的狗或其它动物，来自中法语 relaier,留下，供替换的动物， 来自 re-,向后，laier,留下，词源同 delay,可能来自拉丁语 laxare,松开，词源同 lax,relax.原指 过去打猎时在中转站放置的供接替疲劳猎狗的备用狗，或驿站供接替的马。后引申诸多词义。 由于词义与 lay 接近，拼写受到 lay 影响。
v.中继,转播,接力n.接替人员,替班Lay a layer of clay on the displayed layout before the relay race.接力赛之前在展示的陈设上铺一层黏土.
verb transitive /ˌrɪˈleɪ/ /ˈriː.leɪ/ to repeat something you have heard, or to broadcast a signal, message or programme on television or radio 传达，转发；播放；转播
• I was told the news first and then I relayed it to the others. 我是第一个被告知这消息的人，接着我又转告了其他人。
• TV pictures of the war were relayed around the world by satellite. 有关战争的电视新闻图片透过卫星在全世界进行了转播。
noun countable /ˈriː.leɪ/
TEAM 组
■a group of people who continue an activity that others from the same team or organization have been doing previously 接替的一组人；轮换的一队人
• Relays of workers kept the machines going through the night. 工人们轮班工作，机器彻夜运转。
• After the landslide, volunteers worked in relays to rescue people buried under the rubble. 山泥倾泻发生后，志愿者们轮班上阵解救被碎石埋困的人。
■(also relay race)
■a running or swimming race between two or more teams in which each person in the team runs or swims part of the race （跑步或游泳的）接力赛
noun countable /ˈriː.leɪ/
EQUIPMENT 设备
■a device that reacts to a small change in an electrical current by moving switches or other devices in an electrical circuit 中继设备
vi. 转播；接替
 - take sth over
n. [电] 继电器；接替，接替人员；驿马
 - realy, supersedure
vt. 转播；使接替；分程传递
 - retransmit

Word: shenanigan
Front: shenanigan
[ʃə'nænɪgən] (-/34350)
Vocabulary: shenanigan
(once / 14701 pages)
n
Ever been ripped off at three card monte or some other con? Well, you're the victim of a shenanigan, a clever form of deception, usually designed to part the unwary from their money.
Not all shenanigans are financially motivated; an equally popular meaning is simply high spirits or boisterous behavior that might upset or annoy others, though usually not with any serious intent. It seems to be a word frequently applied to the Irish, with their established love of the high-spirited and artful ploy, and in fact may well come from the ancient Irish word sionnach, meaning "fox" — a traditionally sly beast.
WORD FAMILY
shenanigan: shenanigans
USAGE EXAMPLES
He will suddenly leave the main shenanigans to describe personal anecdotes that somehow seem to add to and not distract from his narrative.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Wyatt Cenac hosts a special seasonal edition of his weekly comedy show, which regularly features both visiting and local comics alongside music and assorted shenanigans.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Whether these shenanigans actually work is another question.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 恶作剧，诡计
分布：诡计(75%)，欺骗(25%)
n. 恶作剧；诡计
 - scheme, fraud, trick

Word: torch
Front: torch
[tɔ:tʃ] (研四六雅 7182/5151 -2)
Vocabulary: torch
(once / 411 pages)
1nv 2n
A torch is a handheld light. Although flashlights are sometimes called "torches," technically a torch has a burning flame.
Torch can also be used as a verb indicating that something has been purposely set on fire. For example, arsonists have been known to torch empty buildings just for fun. This meaning dates to 1931. The noun form of torch has been around a lot longer. In the late 13th century torch came into English from the Old French word torche, or "twisted thing," which was a piece of wax-dipped rope.
WORD FAMILY
torch: torched, torches, torching
USAGE EXAMPLES
Organisers said there were "limited torches and wristbands" for the Torchlight Procession.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Little Torch Key is about 30 miles north of Key West.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
You’ve got to be wired a little bit different to even carry the torch, it’s a great honor when it’s yours.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 火把，火炬; 手电筒
vt. & vi. 放火烧，纵火烧（建筑物或汽车）
时态：torched, torching, torches
分布：火炬(76%)，火把(12%)，手电筒(11%)，纵火(1%)
→来自古法语 torche,火把，草把，来自拉丁语 torquere,扭曲，转，扎，词源同 turn,torque.引申 词义手电筒。
n.手电筒;火炬,火把"Rough cough is tough enough," Bough said while touching the torch."剧烈咳嗽是够难以对付的,"大树枝在触摸手电筒时说道.
US [tɔ:rtʃ] noun
 ADVANCED countable UK (US flashlight)
■a small light which is held in the hand and usually gets its power from batteries 手电筒
• She flashed/shone the torch into the dark room. 她用手电筒照了照黑暗的房间。
 ADVANCED countable
■a thick stick with material which burns tied to the top of it in order to give light 火炬；火把
• a flaming/blazing torch 熊熊燃烧的火炬
• literary Many buildings were put to the torch (= burned intentionally) during the riots. 暴乱中，许多建筑物被付之一炬。
only singular approving
■used as a symbol of a political movement or idea that has an important positive influence （象征具有重大积极影响的政治运动或思想的）火炬
• We must not let the burning torch of socialism go out. 我们不能让熊熊燃烧的社会主义火炬熄灭。
UK [tɔ:tʃ] US [tɔ:rtʃ] verb transitive
■to burn a building or other large thing, intentionally and usually illegally 放火烧，纵火烧（建筑物或其他大型物体）
• They smashed a side door to get in and then torched the warehouse when they had taken what they wanted. 他们从侧门破门而入，拿走了他们所要的东西后，将仓库付之一炬。
n. 火把，火炬；手电筒；启发之物
 - firebrand, flashlight

Word: wishful
Front: wishful
['wɪʃfəl] (14083/14349)
Back: adj. 怀有希望的; 表达愿望的; 单凭主观愿望的想法; 一廂情愿
adv. 怀有希望地
分布：表达愿望的(50%)，怀有希望的(50%)
adj. 渴望的，愿望的；寄予希望的
 - eager, hungry, desired, anxious, sick

Word: banish
Front: banish
[ˈbænɪʃ] (托雅宝 9415/8588 -1)
Vocabulary: banish
(once / 321 pages)
v
To banish is to get rid of. Think very carefully before you banish someone from your group. Someday, you may want that person around again.
Banish rhymes with vanish, which is exactly what happens when you banish someone. Suppose a king, angry with some of his subjects, banishes them. They have to leave the kingdom and vanish — not just go home and wait for the king to change his mind. Banish comes from the Old French word banir, which means “proclaim as an outlaw.” It is serious and absolute. You can see the word ban in banish, but to ban something is not as harsh as banishing it.
WORD FAMILY
banish: banished, banishes, banishing, banishment+/banishment: banishments
USAGE EXAMPLES
That forced Mycroft to banish Sherlock from the UK, sending him on a mission in eastern Europe that would likely result in his death.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
That’s an old-school analog to “ghost” on the banished words list.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
SAN JOSE, Calif. — They limit their kids’ screen time, set filters on their browsers and banish digital devices from the dinner table.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 放逐，驱逐; 消除，排除
时态：banished, banishing, banishes
分布：消除(55%)，驱逐(33%)，流放(12%)
→来自ban, 禁止。-ish, 动词后缀。
流放,驱逐出境(ban+ish表动词→禁止入境→驱逐)[ban=prohibit,表示"禁止"]
放逐,摒弃(ban禁止,放弃+ish)[-ish 1.表形容词"像…一样,有的..."通常放在一具体名词后2.表动词"造成…"3.表示"国家的或语言"]
verb transitive
■to send someone away, especially from their country, and forbid (= refuse to allow) them to come back 赶走；流放，放逐；（尤指）把（某人）驱逐出境
• He was banished to an uninhabited island for a year. 他被流放到一个荒无人迹的小岛上呆了一年。
• They were banished (= sent out) from the library for making a noise. 他们因为吵吵嚷嚷被赶出了图书馆。
■to get rid of something completely 消除，排除
• You must try to banish all thoughts of revenge from your mind. 你必须试着打消所有复仇的念头。
vt. 放逐；驱逐
 - ostracize, expel

Word: davy
Front: davy
[ˈdeivi] (-/16847)
Back: n. <俚>宣誓书
分布：大卫(人名(100%)

Word: doorstep
Front: doorstep
[ˈdɔ:step] (10738/6432 -1)
Back: n. 门阶; 厚三明治或面包
v. 上门访问
分布：门阶(100%)
US ['dɔ:r-] noun countable
STEP 台阶
■a step in front of an outside door （门前的）台阶
• Don't keep her on the doorstep (= outside the door) , Jamie, invite her in. 别让她在门口站着了，杰米，请她进来吧。
UK ['dɔ:.step] US ['dɔ:r-] noun countable
BREAD 面包 UK a very thick piece of bread 厚面包片
UK ['dɔ:.step] US ['dɔ:r-] noun countable
on sb's doorstep informal
■very close to where someone is or lives 靠近（某人）；在（某人）家附近
• There's a lovely park right on our doorstep. 离我们住处不远有个很漂亮的公园。
UK ['dɔ:.step] US ['dɔ:r-] verb (-pp-)
transitive often passive UK disapproving
■If you are doorstepped by journalists , they come to your house and ask you to speak or answer questions, even if you do not want them to 强行上门采访
• He complained about being doorstepped by the press. 他对报社记者强行上门采访颇有微词。
intransitive or transitive
■to go to every house in a particular area selling something or asking for support （某一地区）每家每户进行推销或寻求支持
n. 门阶
 - perron

Word: blackmail
Front: blackmail
[ˈblækmeɪl] (研托宝 17169/11953 -1)
Vocabulary: blackmail
(once / 2111 pages)
nv
To blackmail someone is to use secret information to get something from them, usually money. Blackmailing is a crime.
Blackmail is a type of threat. For example, if a politician's assistant knew the politician was having an affair, the assistant could blackmail the politician by threatening to tell the press. Blackmailers usually want money in return for keeping something a secret, but an employee with dirt on a boss could blackmail the boss to get a promotion. Anyone making threats and demands in return for keeping a secret is engaged in blackmail.
WORD FAMILY
blackmail: blackmailed, blackmailer, blackmailing, blackmails+/blackmailer: blackmailers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The centre will also train civil servants to avoid blackmail and resist foreign lobbying.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
He “sort of blackmailed them into putting these pictures into the magazine,” she said.
New York Times(Dec 19, 2016)
It wasn’t the Russians who decided to run a presidential campaign that offered people nothing but blackmail—“vote for us or Dangerous Donald wins.”
Slate(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 敲诈，勒索; （盗匪征收的）保护费，免抢税
vt. 胁迫，勒索，敲诈，讹诈
时态：blackmailed, blackmailing, blackmails
分布：勒索(44%)，敲诈(35%)，讹诈(21%)
→black, 黑，此处指邪恶。mail, 此处指租金，贡金。来自16世纪苏格兰一些土匪向当地农民强制收租，类似保护费。
n.讹诈,敲诈,勒索;胁迫,恫吓It's nothing but a blackmail.这简直是勒索.
【记】black黑，mail信－寄黑信－敲诈
noun uncountable
 ADVANCED
■when you get money from people or force them to do something by threatening to tell a secret of theirs or to harm them 敲诈，勒索，讹诈
• In a position of authority, a weakness for the opposite sex leaves you open to blackmail. 处在领导岗位的人，容易因对异性的偏爱而被人计算。
['blæk.meɪl] verb transitive
 ADVANCED
■to get money from someone by blackmail 勒索，敲诈
• They used the photographs to blackmail her into spying for them. 他们用这些照片勒索她为他们提供情报。
n. 勒索， [法] 敲诈；勒索所得之款
 - extortion, chantage
vt. 勒索， [法] 敲诈
 - shake down, shark up

Word: ecological
Front: ecological
[ˌi:kəˈlɒdʒɪkl] (托 4396/7293 -2)
Vocabulary: ecological
(once / 6307 pages)
adj
Anything ecological relates to the science of ecology, which is the study of how living things and the environment do their thing.
If you're interested in issues like preserving rain forests, saving endangered species, and keeping drinking water safe, you're interested in ecological issues. Ecological things have to do with how plants and animals relate to each other, in good and bad ways, in specific environments — from the impact of floods on river insects to how smog harms humans. Just about anything people do has an ecological impact — for better or worse.
WORD FAMILY
ecological: ecologically+/ ecologist: ecologists/ ecology: ecologic, ecological, ecologies, ecologist
USAGE EXAMPLES
And there is another very serious ecological concern.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
“They drain the resin that otherwise defends the tree,” said Matt Ayres, a Dartmouth College ecologist who worked on the Ecological Applications study.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“The whole idea of the dam is that there would be some economic benefit, but there may be potential long-term ecological problems,” he added.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 生态（学）的
分布：生态学的(54%)，生态的(46%)
US [-'lɑ:.dʒɪ-] adjective
 ADVANCED
■relating to ecology or the environment 生态的；生态学的；环保的
• The destruction of the rain forests is an ecological disaster. 雨林遭破坏是一种生态灾难。

Word: gum
Front: gum
[gʌm] (研四六宝 5971/7896 -2)
Vocabulary: gum
(once / 688 pages)
1nv 2nv
Gum is a sticky substance that oozes out of a tree or another plant, and chewing gum is the stuff you blow bubbles with or stick under your desk. Yuck.
Natural gum has many uses, including as a thickener in food products. Chewing gum, however, has only one real use: it's made to be chewed but not swallowed. This kind of gum often has a fruity or minty flavor, and can sometimes be blown into bubbles. When you gum something up, you clog or block it — or you make it sticky. Completely different gums are the soft flesh inside your mouth where your teeth are rooted.
WORD FAMILY
gum: gum-like, gummed, gumming, gummy, gums+/gummed: ungummed/ gummy: gummier, gummiest, gummily, gumminess
USAGE EXAMPLES
“They started screaming and crying about how awful the gum was,” Mary said.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Each morning afterward, Hardy’s mother guided him downtown to sell chewing gum, tobacco and candy bars.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Besides its use as incense, frankincense gum is distilled into oil for use in perfumes, skin lotions, medicine and chewing gum.
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 口香糖; 树胶; 黏胶; 牙龈
vt. & vi. 胶合; 涂以树胶; 使…有粘性
时态：gummed, gumming, gums
分布：树胶(43%)，齿龈(20%)，牙床(20%)，搞砸(8%)，用牙床嚼(5%)，以树胶粘合(2%)，粘性物质(2%)
→1.树胶，来自埃及语。
n.树胶;口香糖The funny cunning runner uses his gum gun before sunrise or after sunset.滑稽乖巧的赛跑者在日出之前或日落之后使用胶皮枪.
noun
MOUTH 嘴
countable
■either of the two areas of firm pink flesh inside the mouth which cover the bones into which the teeth are fixed 齿龈，牙龈，牙床
• sore gums 牙龈疼痛
[gʌm] noun
STICKY SUBSTANCE 黏性物质
uncountable
■a sticky substance which comes from the stems of some trees and plants, or a type of glue used for sticking together pieces of paper 树胶；树脂
uncountable
■ chewing gum or bubble gum (= a soft sweet that you crush with your teeth but do not swallow) 口香糖；泡泡糖
countable UK
■used in the names of some chewy sweets with fruit flavours 透明果味糖；胶姆糖；橡皮软糖
• fruit/wine gums 水果胶姆糖／酒胶糖
[gʌm] noun
By gum! UK old-fashioned informal
■used to express surprise （表示惊奇或强烈感情）啊呀！天哪！天啊！
• By gum, he's a big lad! 好家伙，他块头真大啊！
[gʌm] verb transitive (-mm-) slightly old-fashioned
■If you gum one piece of paper to another, you stick them together using glue 用胶黏
• The labels were already gummed to the envelopes. 标签已经黏贴在信封上了。
[gʌm] verb transitive (-mm-) slightly old-fashioned
  Phrasal Verbs  [M often passive] gum sth up
■to prevent something from working or opening in the usual way by covering it with a sticky substance （由于覆有黏性物质而）黏住，使出故障，使运转不正常
• When I woke up this morning my eyes were all gummed up. 今天早晨我醒来时，眼睛被眼屎给糊住了。
n. 口香糖； [林] 树胶；橡皮
 - chutty, cachou

Word: fictional
Front: fictional
[ˈfɪkʃənl] (托 6344/8846)
Vocabulary: fictional
(once / 3655 pages)
1adj 2adj
Something fictional has been invented, most likely for a book, play, or movie. But if you're really self-centered, you might think a fictional story is actually about you.
As the adjective form of fiction, fictional covers all the creative fabrications that arise out of a person's imagination, which might then enter a novel, a screenplay, or some other form of storytelling. While fictional characters may be based loosely on real-life people, they never actually existed. In the movie "Citizen Kane," Orson Welles transformed the real newspaper mogul William Randolph Hearst into the fictional Charles Foster Kane. Hearst never went around whispering "Rosebud."
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
fictional / fictitious / fictive
Fictional, fictive, and fictitious all branch off the "fiction" tree, but fictional is literary, fictive is specific, and fictitious is just plain fake.
The word fictional is like "pretend" with a literary bent. Jay Gatsby is a fictional character. Novels, short stories, and plays are fictional, or made-up, but there are also fictional TV shows and movies. Examples of the word:
"The author has come under fire for equating Navajo religious beliefs with the world of her fictional Harry Potter characters." (National Geographic)
"As President Frank Underwood on 'House of Cards,' Kevin Spacey is deft at playing fictional presidents." (Washington Times)
The less common word fictive describes a specific thing created by the imagination. Your pets might be your fictive audience when you practice for the talent show. If you call your dad's best friend your uncle, that's a fictive kinship — there's a little invention. Fictive in action:
"The children were then told that the adults didn't have time to distribute the rest of their stickers to other kids in a fictive class." (Science Magazine)
"I can't claim any fictive kinship here — I only met him for a couple hours." (Los Angeles Times)
Anything fictitious is also made up, but often with trickery in mind. If you tell the coffee barista that your name is Picklehead Sunshine, then you gave a fictitious name. (Unless you're reading this, Pickles.) In The Talented Mr. Ripley, Tom takes on a fictitious identity when he pretends to be Dickie, a man he murdered. Other examples:
"She said she signed a fictitious contract with the company but never worked for them." (BBC)
"Authorities say the suspects opened accounts online by pairing real Social Security numbers with fictitious names and birth dates." (Washington Times)
These three words love fiction but each in its own way. Fictional loves books and plays, fictive loves the imagination, and fictitious loves lies!
WORD FAMILY
fictional: fictionally+/ fiction: fictional, fictionalise, fictionalize, fictions, fictitious, nonfiction /fictionalise: fictionalisation, fictionalised/fictionalization: fictionalizations/fictionalize: fictionalization, fictionalized, fictionalizes, fictionalizing/ fictitious: fictitiously/ nonfiction: nonfictional
USAGE EXAMPLES
A 1934 American novel, about the eventual suicide of the fictional character Julian English, was also inspired by the tale and borrowed its title.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
From this fictional warning, it is not such a great leap to Trump’s Oceania and Putin’s Eurasia.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
“I never mistake these fictional characters for real people, but I do hear them speaking,” he writes in “The Voices Within.”
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 虚构的; 小说的
分布：虚构的(89%)，小说的(11%)
adjective
■imaginary 想像的；虚构的
• a fictional story 虚构的故事
• fictional characters 虚构的人物
adj. 虚构的；小说的
 - imaginary, figmentary

Word: fanfare
Front: fanfare
[ˈfænfeə(r)] (宝 13260/19181 -1)
Vocabulary: fanfare
(once / 6009 pages)
1n 2n
Fanfare is a loud, proud burst of something to get attention. If you open up a carpet store with one of those sky-sweeping lights, lots of balloons, and a brass band, you’re doing it with great fanfare.
Originally fanfare meant a short burst of music played by trumpeters, usually when someone important entered a room. But these days we describe anything as fanfare that has the same feeling as a burst of trumpets. If you’re a TV executive with a new show you think is going to be a big hit, roll it out with fanfare–—ad campaigns, billboards, celebrity parties!
WORD FAMILY
fanfare: fanfares
USAGE EXAMPLES
For instance, if there is a rap musical written about a Founding Father, it will close promptly after three days to no fanfare at all.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
It starts with a call-to-attention fanfare, sputtering and slightly askew.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
He said Michael donated to causes without fanfare.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 喧耀; 号角齐鸣
分布：〈非正式〉炫耀(100%)
→拟声词，模仿号角齐鸣的声音。
【源】原指：引导某人进场或宣布节目开始时的嘹亮的喇叭声
【记】fan迷，fare车船费：（场景）球迷变卖家当花了车船费到韩国看中国对巴西，还能在公众前夸耀：我是韩国双飞！
US [-fer] noun countable
■a loud short piece of music played usually on a trumpet and to introduce the arrival of someone important （通常指宣布重要人物到场的）号角齐鸣
n. 吹牛，炫耀；喇叭或号角嘹亮的吹奏声
 - display, blague

Word: infiltrate
Front: infiltrate
[ˈɪnfɪltreɪt] (托宝 10390/11466 -1)
Vocabulary: infiltrate
(once / 3116 pages)
v
If you infiltrate a group or organization, you join it in order to gain information, like an employee of a donut shop that infiltrates the competition to try to learn its "secret recipe" for its delicious dough.
Infiltrate is a verb that is familiar to international spies and undercover agents, who are all adept at joining a group under false pretenses, fitting in, and working their way up to the highest ranks in order to find out as much information as they can about the group. The word can be used more broadly to describe anything that stealthily becomes a part of something else, such as slang words that infiltrate our everyday speech.
WORD FAMILY
infiltrate: infiltrated, infiltrates, infiltrating, infiltration, infiltrator+/infiltration: infiltrations/infiltrator: infiltrators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Or maybe even the code running an electrical grid, such as the one Russian hackers recently tried to infiltrate in Vermont.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
The Burlington company said it was "working with federal officials to trace this malware and prevent any other attempts to infiltrate utility systems".
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
“Our team is working with federal officials to trace this malware and prevent any other attempts to infiltrate utility systems,” the company said.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. （使）渗透，（使）渗入; （使）潜入
n. 渗透物
时态：infiltrated, infiltrating, infiltrates
分布：潜入(100%)
→in-,进入，使，filter,渗透，过滤。即渗进去的，引申词义潜入，渗透。
渗透(in+filtr过滤+ate)[-ate 1.表动词"做,造成"2.表形容词"具有…的"3.表名词"人或地位"]
【记】filtrate（v 过滤；筛选）；filter（n 过滤器vt 过滤）
verb intransitive + adverb or preposition transitive
■to secretly become part of a group in order to get information or to influence the way that group thinks or behaves （使）潜入；（使）渗透
• A journalist managed to infiltrate the powerful drug cartel. 一位记者设法渗入了势力强大的贩毒集团内部。
■to move slowly into a substance, place, system or organization 渗透（进入某物质、地方、系统或机构）
• At about this time the new ideas about 'corporate management' had begun to infiltrate (into) local government. 大约此时，有关“共同管理”的一些新思想逐步开始为当地政府所接受。
vt. 使潜入；使渗入，使浸润
 - insinuate into
vi. 渗入
 - filter, sink in

Word: misgiving
Front: misgiving
[ˌmɪsˈgɪvɪŋ] (托雅宝 13315/11202 -1)
Vocabulary: misgiving
(once / 1011 pages)
n
If you have misgivings about something, it means you're worried that it's not a good idea. Trying to fall asleep the night before a test, you might have misgivings about having studied so little.
Misgivings are feelings of doubt you experience about something before you do it. As you get closer to the time you actually get on the airplane, you might begin to have misgivings about traveling far away to go to college, or you might have misgivings about joining the army to pay for your education.
WORD FAMILY
misgiving: misgivings
USAGE EXAMPLES
She spoke adoringly of “Bobby” and set up some girlfriends on blind dates with Mr. Durst, but to a few, she shared dark misgivings.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
He’s immature, his romantic partner’s friends do not like him, and now he’s pushing his partner to ignore all misgivings and move in with him.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Xhopakelxhit’s partner, who asked to be identified by the single name of Crow, echoed her misgiving.
The Guardian(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: n. 疑虑， 担心， 恐惧; 不安
v. 使（某人的情绪、精神等）疑虑，担忧，害怕( misgive的现在分词 )
分布：疑虑(75%)，怀疑(15%)，动词misgive的现在分词.(10%)
→mis-,坏的，错的，不好的，give,来自其词源义持，握，暗示，想法。即心中不好的想法，感到怀疑，顾虑。
【记】mis没有，giving给：公司没有给你工资会产生担忧－疑虑恐惧
【参】misguide（v 误导）
【反】certainty（n 确定）；compunction（n 后悔）－absence of misgiving（没有顾虑）
noun countable or uncountable
■a feeling of doubt or worry about a future event （对未来事件的）疑虑，担忧
• Many teachers expressed serious misgivings about the new exams. 许多教师表示对新的考试非常担忧。
• My only misgiving is that we might not have enough time to do the job properly. 我唯一担心的是我们可能没有足够的时间把这项工作做好。
n. 担忧；疑虑；不安
 - tension, uneasy about
v. 担忧；使…疑虑；害怕（misgive的ing形式）
 - dreading

Word: hog
Front: hog
[hɒg] (7852/18813 -1)
Vocabulary: hog
(once / 685 pages)
1nv 2n
A hog is a pig that's kept on a farm. You can also use the word as a verb, like when you act like a greedy hog. Try not to hog the pie, and stick to your allotted portion.
Though the primary definition of a hog is "domesticated pig," it sometimes refers to wild swine, including feral pigs and warthogs. Hogs are fairly intelligent and social animals, and some of their tendencies are dog-like, including wagging their tails to express pleasure. If your brother shoves cake in his mouth, you might call him a hog, or say, "Hey, don't hog the cake!" Hog originally referred to a one year old pig, but also a horse or sheep of a similar age. "Huckleberry Finn" contains the first known use of hog as a verb meaning "consume greedily."
WORD FAMILY
hog: hogged, hogging, hogs
USAGE EXAMPLES
Now, they raise grass-fed cattle, pastured poultry and pastured hogs.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Smithfield buys about 150 million bushels of corn, soybeans, wheat and sorghum per year to feed its 16 million hogs, according to a Smithfield spokeswomen.
Reuters(Dec 30, 2016)
Her farm, which raises and fattens the rare American mulefoot hogs for slaughter, is essential to their survival, she believes.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 猪; （供食用的）阉公猪; 像猪般的人; <口>自私的或贪婪的人
vt. 独占，贪心占取; 使拱起
vi. 拱起
时态：hogged, hogging, hogs
分布：猪(90%)，独占(6%)，贪婪者(3%)，像猪般的人(1%)
→来自古英语hogg,猪，来自kau,击，砍，词源同hew,hoe.引申词义阉割，后用来指阉割以育肥食用的猪。
US [hɑ:g] noun countable
ANIMAL 动物 US a pig, especially one which is allowed to grow large so that it can be eaten （尤指供食用的）猪
■UK
■a male pig with its sexual organs removed which is kept for its meat （供食用的）阉猪 Compare boar ; sow
UK [hɒg] US [hɑ:g] noun countable
PERSON 人 informal disapproving
■someone who takes much more than a fair share of something, especially by eating too much 贪吃的人；贪婪的人
• You've eaten it all? You hog! 你全吃光了？你这头猪！
UK [hɒg] US [hɑ:g] noun countable
go hog wild US informal
■to become too excited and eager about something, often so that you do too much 因过于兴奋、热切而做得过头
• There's no need to go hog wild just because it's Sarah's birthday - she won't want such a fuss. 仅仅因为今天是莎拉的生日就冲动过了头，这实在是没必要，她不想小题大做。
UK [hɒg] US [hɑ:g] verb transitive (-gg-) informal
■to take or use more than your share of something 贪心攫取
• He's always hogging the bathroom (= spending too much time in the bathroom, so that no one else can use it). 他总是贪心地占着浴室不走。
UK [hɒg] US [hɑ:g] verb transitive (-gg-) informal
hog the road disapproving
■to drive so that other vehicles cannot go past 占路开车
n. [畜牧] 猪，象猪般的人；贪婪者
 - pig, swine
vt. 使拱起
 - camber
vi. 拱起
 - arch

Word: perch
Front: perch
[pɜ:tʃ] (六托宝 6081/7143 -2)
Vocabulary: perch
(once / 443 pages)
1nv 2n 3n
A perch is a temporary resting place. In the middle of climbing a tree, you might find a good perch on a high branch. Bet some birds will be perching there too.
Perch has many different meanings. A bird perch is a little stick it can balance on, and the armrest of the couch can offer you a perch during a party. It's also the name of a kind of fish with spiny fins. And it's also an old measurement of 16.5 feet.
WORD FAMILY
perch: perched, percher, perches, perching+/percher: perchers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The venue, called Reina, is perched on the Bosporus and is popular with Istanbul’s elite, including musicians and soccer players.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Soon after the game ended, they voluntarily climbed up and peacefully left the perch.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Perched high on Mr. Pettibon’s studio wall, along with various small, kitschy canvases, were a handful of his father’s paintings of nudes.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 栖息处; 栖枝; 高处; 鲈鱼
vi. （鸟）飞落，暂栖，停留
vt. & vi. 栖息; 停留; （使）坐; （使）坐在…边沿
时态：perched, perching, perches
分布：栖息(34%)，栖木(16%)，位于(14%)，杆(12%)，高位(12%)，就位(7%)，河鲈鱼(5%)
→来自古法语perche,杆，棍，测量尺，来自拉丁语pertica,杆，棍。后用于指鸟栖息的横杆，引申词义栖息，停留。perch 鲈鱼
【记】perch原指长杆，后引申为栖木，现在是栖息的意思。
【区】parch（v 烘烤）读：怕吃，因为烘烤的东西上火。
US [pɝ:tʃ] verb
perch in/on, etc. sth
■to sit on or near the edge of something 坐在…（的边缘）上；栖息于；停留于
• We perched on bar stools and had a beer. 我们坐在酒吧高凳上，喝了一杯啤酒。
• A blackbird was perching on the gate. 一只乌鸫停落在大门上。
intransitive or transitive
■to be in a high position or in a position near the edge of something, or to put something in this position （使）位于高处（或…的边缘）；（使）栖息在高处（或…的边缘）
• The village is perched on top of a high hill. 村子坐落在一座高山的山顶上。
UK [pɜ:tʃ] US [pɝ:tʃ] noun
FISH 鱼
countable or uncountable (plural perch or US ALSO perches)
■a fish that lives in lakes and rivers and is eaten as food 河鲈，鲈鱼
UK [pɜ:tʃ] US [pɝ:tʃ] noun
SIT 坐
countable
■a place where a bird sits, especially a thin rod in a cage (= wire box) （鸟的）栖息处（尤指鸟笼里的栖木）
countable
■a seat or other place high up, often giving a good view of something below （常指能很好地俯视低处的）高座，高处
• We watched the parade from our perch on the scaffolding. 我们从鹰架的高处观看游行。
n. 高位；栖木；杆
 - pole, high-order
vt. 栖息；就位；位于；使坐落于
 - inhabit, take post
vi. 栖息；就位；位于
 - sit, take post

Word: preservation
Front: preservation
[ˌprezəˈveɪʃn] (六托 5229/5383)
Vocabulary: preservation
(once / 476 pages)
n
Use the noun preservation to refer to the protection of something — especially from loss, injury, or danger. You might fight for the preservation of the woodlands near your house because of all the animals that live there.
Preservation is also a process that keeps organic things from decomposing. If the preservation of the flowers in your prom corsage is important to you, you can dry the flowers to keep them from decaying. If you dry them, they'll probably last longer than your relationship with your high school boyfriend! The word preservation is often used when referring to historic preservation, which is the protection of buildings and sites of historic significance.
WORD FAMILY
preservation: preservationist, preservations, self-preservation+/preservationist: preservationists/ preservative: preservatives/ preserve: preservable, preservation, preservative, preserved, preserver, preserves, preserving/preserver: preservers
USAGE EXAMPLES
They need it in a new push for virtual preservation that scientists, archaeologists and others, like Mr. Ubelmann, are compiling on a large scale.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
For decades, she tried in vain to enlist others in her preservation efforts.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
“Deli is about brining … patience … preservation, not just of meat but of tradition,” Dell wrote.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 保存，保留; 保护; 防腐; 维护，保持
分布：保存(78%)，维护(12%)，防腐(10%)
→来自preserve,保护，保存。
US [-ɚ-] noun uncountable
■when you keep something the same or prevent it from being damaged 保护，维护；保藏，保养
• building preservation 建筑物维护
• wood preservation 木材防腐
• There is great public concern about some of the chemicals used in food preservation. 民众对一些用于保存食物的化学物表示极为担忧。
• The cathedral is in a poor state of preservation (= has not been kept in good condition). 这所大教堂保养得很差。
• The prime minister has said that the government is committed to the preservation (= protection) of the country's national interests. 首相说政府正致力维护国家的民族利益。
• She belongs to the Association for the Preservation of Civil War Sites 她是内战遗址保护协会的会员。
⇒ See also self-preservation
n. 保存，保留
 - conservation, hold, retention, reservation

Word: periodic
Front: periodic
[ˌpɪəriˈɒdɪk] (六托 7702/7973 -1)
Vocabulary: periodic
(once / 1869 pages)
adj
Something periodic happens only occasionally, after a "period" of time. Lunch happens every day, after 4th period, so it's safe to say it's periodic. Something periodic doesn't have to happen at regular intervals, though.
The word "period" is the key to the meaning of periodic, because something periodic can happen only after a period of time. Periodic visits to the vet are a good way to make sure that your pet stays healthy. Why not just use "occasional," you ask. Good question. Periodic implies that the thing will continue to happen over and over—periodically. Like comets and victories by the Yankees. These things are reliable, if periodic.
WORD FAMILY
periodic: nonperiodic, periodicity+/periodicity: periodicities
USAGE EXAMPLES
A periodic look at my communication with readers.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
“This would include annual and multiyear goals, and periodic updates that provide an assessment on progress toward achieving those goals.”
Science Magazine(Dec 29, 2016)
This is an official “Dark Sky”designated area, with periodic astro-photography workshops to assist you in bringing home a picture of the starry night sky.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 周期的; 定期的; 回归的; 间歇的，时而发生的
分布：定期的(49%)，周期的(31%)，间歇的(17%)，完句的(3%)
→来自period,周期，时期。
US [ˌpɪr.i'ɑ:.dɪk] adjective
■happening repeatedly over a period of time 周期（性）的；定期的
• He suffers periodic mental breakdowns. 他周期性地精神失常。
adj. 周期的；定期的
 - regular, stated, time, cyclical

Word: repel
Front: repel
[rɪˈpel] (研六托雅宝 11198/11198 -1)
Vocabulary: repel
(once / 410 pages)
v
Use the verb repel when you want to turn something away. You might drench yourself in bug spray to repel the mosquitoes that plague you when you go camping.
This versatile word can be used in relation to everything from bugs to unwanted romantic advances. The word repel can be used to describe the act of driving something away, as in the case of bugs or other pesky critters, including potential suitors. It can also be used to describe something that causes disgust or distaste. For example, the thought of eating snails might repel you.
WORD FAMILY
repel: repellant, repelled, repellent, repelling, repels, repulsive +/repellant: repellantly, repellants/ repellent: repellently, repellents/repelling: repellingly/ repulsive: repulsively, repulsiveness/repulsiveness: repulsivenesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
It looks like she is repelling them with her grace, courage and power.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
In fact, romantic notions of a natural world defined by innocence and harmony repel him.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
This indigenous arsenal explains why the Seminoles were able to repel the U.S.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. 击退; 使厌恶; 抵制; 使不愉快
时态：repelled, repelling, repels
分布：击退(40%)，排斥(34%)，抵制(17%)，使反感(6%)，反感(3%)
→re-,向后，往回，-pel,击，打，词源同 compel,propel.引申词义击退，驱逐。
驱除,击退(re+pel推→击退)[re-①表示"向后,相反,不"②表示"一再,重新"]
击退(敌人),使...反感(re反+pel→推回去→击退)[pel,puls=drive,push,表示"驱动,推"]
v.击退,抵制,使厌恶,使不愉快The expelled man repelled billions of rebellions.遭到驱逐的男子击退了数十亿次叛乱.
【记】re反，pel推－反推－击退；反感
【反】court（v 向…献殷勤）－repel intentionally（有意使反感）
[rɪ'pel] (-ll-)
verb transitive
FORCE AWAY 赶走
■to force something or someone to move away or stop attacking you 驱逐；逐回；击退；抗御
• This coat has a special surface that repels moisture. 这件外套的面是特殊料子做的，可以防潮。
• formal The defenders repelled the attack without losing any men. 守军击退了敌人的进攻，自己没有损失一个人。
■specialized
■to have a magnetic field which pushes away something with a similar magnetic field 排斥；相斥
• Similar poles of magnets repel each other, and opposite poles attract. 磁铁同极相斥，异极相吸。
[rɪ'pel] (-ll-)
verb transitive
CAUSE STRONG DISLIKE 使极反感
■People or things that repel you make you feel strongly that you do not want to be near, see or think about them 使厌恶；使极反感
• She was repelled by his ugliness. 她厌恶他那丑陋的相貌。
• Her arrogance repels many people. 她的傲慢令很多人十分反感。
reject, deny, decline, repel, frfuse
这组词都有“拒绝”的意思，其区别是：
reject: 多指由于某物某事某行为不能让人满意而被当面直截了当地拒绝。
deny: 指坚决地拒绝接受、给予或承认。
decline: 指婉言谢绝他人的帮助或邀请等。
repel: 作“拒绝”解时，语气比reject强。
frfuse: 语气较重，指态度坚决，肯定无疑的拒绝。
vt. 击退；抵制；使厌恶；使不愉快
 - refuse, roll back

Word: roe
Front: roe
[rəʊ] (托宝 21007/12734)
Back: n. 獐; 獐鹿; 鱼卵; 鱼精液
分布：鱼卵(55%)，獐鹿(27%)，鱼子(18%)
→来自中古英语 rowe,卵，鱼子，来自 Proto-Germanic*hrogn,产卵，鱼子，来自 krek,青蛙 卵。roe 狍，獐，小鹿
【记】读：肉，roe是一种有营养的肉。
US [roʊ] noun uncountable
■fish eggs, which are eaten as food （供食用的）鱼卵

Word: secularist
Front: secularist
['sekjələrɪst] (19512/30747)
Back: n. 现世主义者，世俗主义者; 宗教与教育分离论者
分布：世俗论者(75%)，教育与宗教分离主义者(25%)

Word: recharge
Front: recharge
[ˌri:ˈtʃɑ:dʒ] (13845/15059 -1)
Vocabulary: recharge
(once / 9156 pages)
1v 2v
When you recharge something, you bring it back to life or reenergize it. You might charge your cell phone in the morning and then recharge it later in the day.
If you can charge your electronics (or provide them with electrical energy), you can also recharge them when that energy is depleted. In addition to your camera battery and laptop, sometimes you need to recharge yourself, or take a break so you can become energized again. Less commonly, recharge is used to mean "refill a glass," and the original meaning, in the fifteenth century, was "to reload a vessel."
WORD FAMILY
recharge: rechargeable, recharged, recharges, recharging+/ charge: chargeable, charged, charger, charges, charging, countercharge, discharge, overcharge, recharge, supercharge, undercharge/chargeable: chargeably/charged: uncharged/ charger: chargers/countercharge: countercharges/ discharge: discharged, discharges, discharging/discharged: undischarged/ overcharge: overcharged, overcharges, overcharging/supercharge: supercharged, supercharger, supercharges, supercharging/supercharger: superchargers/undercharge: undercharged, undercharges, undercharging
USAGE EXAMPLES
Employees generally need to detach from their work and their work space to recharge their internal resources, he says.
New York Times(Jun 16, 2012)
“My battery was recharged for months afterwards,” Nelson said.
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Batteries are running low, as people trying to flee lose access to generators they usually use to recharge their phones.
The Guardian(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: vt. 再充电; 再装填（弹药等）; 再控告; 休整，养精蓄锐
时态：recharged, recharging, recharges
分布：再充电(61%)，恢复精力(26%)，再进攻(13%)
→re-,再，重新，charge,充电。
US [-'tʃɑ:rdʒ] verb intransitive or transitive
■If a battery recharges, it becomes filled with electricity so that it can work again and if you recharge a battery , you fill it with electricity. （给电池）充电
UK [ˌri:'tʃɑ:dʒ] US [-'tʃɑ:rdʒ] verb intransitive or transitive
recharge your batteries
■to have a period of rest and relaxation so that you feel energetic again 恢复体力；恢复精力；休整
• She took a trip to the South of France to recharge her batteries. 她到法国南部旅行休整。
vt. [电] 再充电；再袭击；再控告
 - reindict

Word: unwieldy
Front: unwieldy
[ʌnˈwi:ldi] (托宝 16217/18621 -1)
Vocabulary: unwieldy
(once / 3143 pages)
adj
If you see an unwieldy person coming down the aisle of the bus with an unwieldy box, you may want to step aside because that's a double dose of clumsy. It's an awkward person carrying a box that is difficult to manage.
Something that is wieldy is easy to control or handle, so something unwieldy is not. However, the un- form of the word is much more common. The base word wieldy has its roots in Old English, meaning "to handle or control" — used usually in reference to a weapon. You would not want an unwieldy person attempting to wield an unwieldy sword!
WORD FAMILY
unwieldy: unwieldily, unwieldiness+/wieldy: unwieldy
USAGE EXAMPLES
His group is suing the state over the unwieldy shape of six state Senate and five state House of Delegates districts.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Or Congress should undertake the reforms: After all, Congress created this unwieldy and unaccountable system.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Lasky changes her unwieldy Teutonic birth name, and suddenly she is transmogrified by this Hollywood god into Mary Astor.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 笨拙的; 笨重的; 不便利的
分布：笨拙的(48%)，笨重的(42%)，庞大的(10%)
【记】un不，wieldy（adj 易于使用的）－笨重的
adjective
DIFFICULT TO MOVE 难以移动的
■An unwieldy object is difficult to move or handle because it is heavy, large or a strange shape （物体因沉重、庞大或形状奇特而）不灵便的，笨重的；难移动的
• A piano is a very unwieldy item to get down a flight of stairs. 钢琴是个很难搬下楼梯的物件。
[ʌn'wi:l.di] adjective
NOT EFFECTIVE 无效率的
■An unwieldy system is slow and not effective, usually because it is too big, badly organized or involves too many different organizations or people （因机构庞大或组织不善而）效率低下的，无效率的
• One disadvantage for the bank is that its huge size - over 15 000 staff - makes it unwieldy and slow-moving. 该银行的一大弊端是机构庞大——有15 000多名员工——造成效率低下及营运缓慢。
adj. 笨拙的；笨重的；不灵便的；难处理的
 - problem, awkward, clumsy

Word: vaccination
Front: vaccination
[ˌvæksɪ'neɪʃn] (11111/12903)
Vocabulary: vaccination
(once / 4047 pages)
n
Vaccination is the act of getting a shot (a vaccine) to protect you against a certain disease. If you want to protect yourself from catching the mumps, you will need to undergo a vaccination.
If you've ever gotten a bad cut or stepped on rusty metal, your doctor has probably asked when you last had a Tetanus shot. A Tetanus shot is a vaccine, a protective dose of medicine that keeps you from getting sick. Some common vaccinations protect against the flu, measles, and whooping cough. The word vaccination comes from vaccine, "related to cows," because the first vaccines, developed to prevent smallpox, were made from a virus called cowpox.
WORD FAMILY
vaccination: vaccinations+/ vaccinate: vaccinated, vaccinates, vaccinating, vaccination, vaccinator/vaccinated: unvaccinated/vaccinator: vaccinators/ vaccine: vaccinate, vaccines
USAGE EXAMPLES
As part of the family’s resettlement, the I.R.C. provided health screenings, vaccinations and Social Security cards.
New York Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Nigeria was about to declare victory over polio, thanks to successful vaccination campaigns like the one depicted.
Science Magazine(Dec 23, 2016)
In the other group, which included those who got a delayed vaccination as well as those who were never vaccinated, there were 23 cases.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. <医>种痘，接种; 牛痘疤
分布：接种疫苗(77%)，种痘(23%)
VERB
给…接种疫苗
If a person or animal is vaccinated, they are given a vaccine, usually by injection, to prevent them from getting a disease.
例：Dogs must be vaccinated against distemper...狗必须接种犬瘟热疫苗。
例：Have you had your child vaccinated against whooping cough?...你给你的孩子打过百日咳疫苗了吗？

Word: compassionate
Front: compassionate
[kəmˈpæʃənət] (宝 7812/13833 -1)
Vocabulary: compassionate
(once / 1244 pages)
adjv
If you are compassionate, you feel other people's pain and struggles as though they were your own. Compassionate people are often moved to work to end the suffering of others, perhaps by feeding the hungry or educating the poor.
Compassionate comes from the Old French noun compassion, which means "sympathy, pity." The adjective, pronounced "cuhm-PASH-uh-nuht," means "sympathetic," like a compassionate friend who shares in your joys and sadnesses, wanting the best for you. As a verb, compassionate, here pronounced "cuhm-PASH-uh-nate," means "pity," as in your ability to compassionate with stray dogs and cats.
WORD FAMILY
compassionate: compassionated, compassionately, compassionateness, compassionates, compassionating, uncompassionate+/ compassion: compassionate, compassions/uncompassionate: uncompassionately
USAGE EXAMPLES
Christopher played the camp chaplain, a courteous and compassionate presence who counselled medical staff and patients amid the chaos of the war.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
Deeply thoughtful and compassionate, this sci-fi drama is all about trying to communicate with aliens rather than defeat them.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
One urged for a more compassionate treatment of Mr. Michael, whose struggle with fame continued until his death.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 有同情心的; 表示怜悯的
v. 同情; 怜悯
时态：compassionated, compassionating, compassionates
分布：同情(77%)，有同情心的(23%)
[kəm'pæʃ.ən.ət] approving
adjective
■showing compassion 富有同情心的
• The public's response to the crisis appeal was generous and compassionate. 公众对危难时刻的呼吁表现得慷慨大方、富有同情心。
adj. 慈悲的；富于同情心的
 - tender-hearted, merciful
vt. 同情；怜悯
 - feel for, have pity on

Word: cane
Front: cane
[keɪn] (六雅宝 5299/7719 -2)
Back: n. 手杖; （植物的）茎; 棍棒，棒; 藤条，藤料
vt. 用苔杖打; 用藤（或竹等）编制（椅等）
时态：caned, caning, canes
分布：手杖(64%)，藤条(24%)，以杖击(6%)，细长的茎(5%)，以藤编制的(1%)
→来自拉丁词canna, 芦苇，后外延义甘蔗。
noun
countable or uncountable
■the long, hard, hollow stem of particular plants such as bamboo , sometimes used to make furniture or support other plants in the garden （某些植物的）茎；藤条；竹竿
countable
■a long stick used especially by old, ill or blind people to help them walk （尤指老人、病人或盲人用的）手杖，拐杖，竹竿
only singular
■a long, thin stick used in the past as a school punishment （旧时用于惩罚学生的）笞杖，笞条，藤条
[keɪn] verb transitive
■to hit a child at school with a stick as a punishment 用藤条打，鞭笞（学童）
staff, stick, cane
这组词都有“手杖”的意思，其区别是：
staff: 多指走路爬山时用作支持或防卫使用的长木棒。
stick: 普通用词，指木制的细长手杖。
cane: 多指用藤或竹制成的细长的手杖。
n. 手杖；藤条；细长的茎
 - walking stick, canne

Word: carriage
Front: carriage
[ˈkærɪdʒ] (高研四六托 6534/3104 -2)
Vocabulary: carriage
(once / 98 pages)
1n 2n 3n
A carriage is a vehicle with wheels that's usually pulled by horses. In some cities, you can go for a carriage ride through the park.
A carriage generally has four wheels and is pulled by two or more horses, while the smaller cart tends to have two wheels and be pulled by a single horse. In Britain, you might hear people refer to the separate compartments of a train as carriages as well, and in some parts of the US it's used to mean "baby stroller" or "grocery cart." The Latin root is carrum, "two-wheeled war chariot."
WORD FAMILY
carriage: carriages, undercarriage+/ carrier: carriers/ carry: carriage, carried, carrier, carries, carrying, miscarry/ miscarriage: miscarriages/miscarry: miscarriage, miscarried, miscarries, miscarrying/undercarriage: undercarriages
USAGE EXAMPLES
"The likelihood is that, because of its location, most of the early landlords were connected with horses, carriages and stabling," writes Dailey.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
There was an eight-minute delay at Peterborough while the affected carriage containing about 20 people was sealed off and checked.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Eyewitnesses told local TV channels that there was dense fog when the carriages derailed.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 运输，输送; （旧时载客的）四轮马车; 〈英〉火车客车车厢; 运费
分布：运输(36%)，四轮马车(22%)，运费(17%)，举止(12%)，客车车厢(8%)，托架(5%)
→词源同car,carry。
n.(四轮)马车;(火车)客车厢The married man carried the scarred car and carriage onto the carrier.已婚男子把有疤痕的汽车和马车带到了航母上.
US ['ker-] noun
VEHICLE 交通工具
 ADVANCED countable
■a vehicle with four wheels, which is usually pulled by horses and was used especially in the past （尤指旧时的）四轮马车
• a horse-drawn carriage 四轮马车
 ADVANCED countable UK
■any of the separate parts of a train in which the passengers sit （火车）车厢
• a railway carriage 火车车厢
UK ['kær.ɪdʒ] US ['ker-] noun
TRANSPORTING 运输
uncountable UK
■(the cost of) transporting goods 货运；运费
• That will be £150, carriage included. 总共150英镑，包括运费。
UK ['kær.ɪdʒ] US ['ker-] noun
BODY MOVEMENT 身体活动
uncountable formal
■the way in which a person moves or keeps their body when they are standing, sitting or walking 仪态；姿态
car, bus, truck, lorry, coach, automobile, jeep, carriage, waggon
这些名词都与“车”有关。
car: 多指乘坐人的小汽车或轿车。
bus: 一般指公共汽车或大型客车。
truck: 与lorry同义，都指卡车或货车，前者为美国用词，后者用于英国。
coach: 原义指四轮马车，现指轿式汽车，长途公共汽车，还可指火车设有卧铺的车厢。
automobile: 是汽车的总称。
jeep: 吉普车，指一种小型轻便、适合在崎岖路面或野外使用的车子。
carriage: 指马车，两匹或两匹以上马拉的四轮马。
waggon: 指四轮运货马车或牛车，也指铁路的无盖货车。
n. 运输；运费；四轮马车；举止； [铁路] 客车厢
 - transportation, behavior, traffic, charges, bearing

Word: federalism
Front: federalism
['fedərəlɪzəm] (14583/17461 -1)
Vocabulary: federalism
(once / 3964 pages)
n
Federalism is a system of government in which entities such as states or provinces share power with a national government. The United States government functions according to the principles of federalism.
The U.S. political system evolved from the philosophy of federalism. Remember The Federalist Papers, the essays written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison between 1787 and 1788, to convince people to approve the Constitution? Federalism helps explain why each state has its own constitution and powers such as being able to choose what kind of ballots it uses, even in national elections. The national government oversees the election results, but each state controls its own voting procedures.
WORD FAMILY
federalism: Federalist, federalisms+/Federalist: Federalists/ federal: federalise, federalism, federalize, federally/federalise: federalisation, federalised, federalising/federalize: federalization, federalized, federalizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
One innovation, a “federalism unit,” was assigned to look for examples of overreaching federal government.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
“Federalism is the only solution,” said early Saturday after returning to his hometown Davao City from a visit to Singapore.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 17, 2016)
The silver lining may be to teach a lesson in electoral federalism.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: n. 联邦政治，联邦制度; 联邦主义
分布：联邦主义(70%)，联邦制度(30%)
US ['-ɚ-] noun uncountable
■the system of giving power to a central authority 联邦制，联邦主义
n. 联邦制；联邦主义
 - unionism

Word: pier
Front: pier
[pɪə(r)] (六雅宝 7841/5342 -1)
Vocabulary: pier
(once / 516 pages)
n
A pier is a platform reaching out to sea that can be used as a landing place for ships. If you enjoy sea fishing and don't have a boat, try casting your line from the end of the pier.
Pier has two meanings. The most common is for the platform, often wooden, that extends over water away from shore, so that ships can dock. Many seaside towns have turned their piers into entertainment districts, with games and places to stroll. A pier can also be a pillar that supports a bridge.
WORD FAMILY
pier: piers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Piers Handling says Marshall helped build the festival into one of “the most influential public cultural festivals today.”
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Nick Medlin, 57, was pronounced dead at the scene in Pier Street, Ventnor, on the Isle of Wight, just after midnight.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
The “Aloha Room” was closed for renovations in 2012 as the terminal building at Pier 1 underwent a $5 million upgrade.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 码头，防波堤; 桥墩; 窗间壁
分布：码头(72%)，桥墩(25%)，支柱(2%)，桥柱(1%)
→来自拉丁语pera,堤，码头，来自petra,石头，词源同petrology,petroleum.
【记】pi屁，er耳：屁股支撑耳朵，因为屁股在下面－桥墩，支柱，扶墙
US [pɪr] noun countable
PLATFORM 平台
■a long structure sticking out from the land over the sea, along which people can walk or to which large boats can be tied and which sometimes has restaurants, etc. on it （伸向海中的）突堤，长堤
■a low structure built at the edge of water, used especially for getting into and out of boats 突堤码头
UK [pɪər] US [pɪr] noun countable
COLUMN 圆柱 specialized
■a strong thick column used to support a wall, roof or other structure 桥墩；支柱
port, seaport, harbour, pier, wharf
这组词都有“港，港口，码头”的意思，其区别是：
port: 多指人工港口，还可指有港口的市。
seaport: 指港埠。
harbour: 一般用词，指停泊船只、装卸货物的天然或人工港口。
pier: 专指与海岸成直角形而突出的码头，可供旅客，货物上下船或供人散步用。
wharf: 指船只停泊装卸货物的码头。
n. 码头，直码头；桥墩；窗间壁
 - landing, quay

Word: flog
Front: flog
[flɒg] (21116/13850 -1)
Vocabulary: flog
(once / 1229 pages)
v
To flog is to beat or hit, especially with a tool like a stick or rod. A cruel trainer might flog an unruly horse with a whip.
When you flog someone, you beat them as a way of punishing or controlling them. In the old days, teachers were allowed to flog misbehaving students, and it wasn't uncommon for parents to flog their children as punishment. In fact, the word flog first appeared as school slang in the late 1600s — it's thought to be a shortened form of the Latin word flagellare, "flagellate," or "whip."
WORD FAMILY
flog: flogged, flogger, flogging, flogs+/flogger: floggers/flogging: floggings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Similarly, Rapper Tyler, the Creator, started his own festival, Camp Flog Naw, five years ago.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 21, 2016)
"They've been flogged around, but that's not the most difficult pitch to bat on," said former England batsman Geoffrey Boycott on Test Match Special.
BBC(Dec 19, 2016)
Though IS threatened flogging and even death as punishments for absenteeism, students and teachers alike stayed away from the university, according to Mosul Eye.
Seattle Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: vt. 鞭打，鞭策; 迫使
时态：flogged, flogging, flogs
分布：鞭打(72%)，兜售(28%)
→来自flagellate, 鞭打，鞭笞。
US [flɑ:g] (-gg-)
verb transitive
PUNISH 惩罚
■to beat someone very hard with a whip or a stick, as a punishment （作为惩罚）鞭笞，棒打
• Soldiers used to be flogged for disobedience. 过去士兵们常常因不守军令而遭鞭笞。
UK [flɒg] US [flɑ:g] (-gg-)
verb transitive
SELL 出售 UK informal
■to sell, especially quickly or cheaply （尤指迅速或廉价地）出售
• He tried to flog his old car, but no one would buy it. 他想快点卖掉他的旧车，但没人愿意买。
UK [flɒg] US [flɑ:g] (-gg-)
verb transitive
flog yourself to death (also flog yourself into the ground) UK informal
■to work too hard 工作过于努力
UK [flɒg] US [flɑ:g] (-gg-)
verb transitive
flog sth to death UK informal
■to use, do or say something so often that it is no longer interesting 频繁使用（或做、说）…而使人失去兴趣
• It's a theme that's been flogged to death. 这是一个老生常谈的主题。
UK [flɒg] US [flɑ:g] (-gg-)
verb transitive
flog a dead horse UK informal
■to waste effort on something that there is no chance of succeeding at 做无用功，做徒劳无益的事
• He keeps trying to get it published but I think he's flogging a dead horse. 他一股劲地想将其出版，但我认为他在白费力气。
vt. 鞭打，鞭策；迫使
 - hide, pressure
vi. 剧烈抖动；除尘
 - dust removal, dust extraction

Word: hank
Front: hank
[hæŋk] (27515/13390)
Back: n. 一束，一卷
级别：hanker, hankest
分布：名词(100%)
→可能来自hang,悬挂，悬挂的线团。引申词义线团，词义演变比较hackles,pork.
n. 一卷；一束
 - wadge, skein

Word: faulty
Front: faulty
[ˈfɔ:lti] (研四六 9993/8415)
Vocabulary: faulty
(once / 1690 pages)
adj
Something that's faulty is full of mistakes — it's wrong. Faulty logic often leads people to make terrible decisions, since they're based on an incorrect way of thinking.
A faulty explanation is based on errors, and a faulty machine doesn't work the way it's supposed to. If your chocolate chip cookies keep coming out burned, your stove may be faulty — or you may be baking them too long. If your car's brakes are faulty, it won't stop as quickly as it should, and if your furnace is faulty, it will be a long, cold winter. Faulty and fail share a common Latin root word.
WORD FAMILY
faulty: faultier, faultiest, faultily, faultiness+/ fault: faulted, faulting, faultless, faults, faulty /faulting: faultings/faultless: faultlessly, faultlessness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Becky’s harshness toward herself is as faulty a self-perception as, say, a Dorothy Parker character intoxicated by her own beauty and refinement.
The New Yorker(Jan 02, 2017)
One place cancelled, another claimed last-minute construction work, and yet another discovered faulty electrical wiring that demanded sudden attention.
The New Yorker(Dec 29, 2016)
“One must not underestimate the risk to the euro of faulty budget discipline,” he told the German magazine WirtschaftsWoche in 2007.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 错误的; 有错误的，有过失的，有缺点的; 不完美的
分布：有缺陷的(54%)，有错误的(20%)，有缺点的(18%)，不合格的(8%)
a.有错误的,有缺点的,不完善的The insult to the adult consulter results in multiplication of the faulty faucets.对成年咨询者的侮辱导致有缺陷水龙头成倍增加.
US ['fɑ:l.tˌi] adjective
■A faulty machine or device is not perfectly made or does not work correctly 有缺陷的；不完美的
• faulty wiring/brakes 有毛病的电线线路／煞车
adj. 有错误的；有缺点的
 - vicious, imperfect

Word: shepherd
Front: shepherd
[ˈʃepəd] (研四六托雅 8911/6385 -2)
Vocabulary: shepherd
(once / 268 pages)
nv
A shepherd is a person who herds flocks or groups of animals. If you traveled to Tibet, you might see a yak shepherd.
Shepherd comes from the Old English sceaphierde: sheepherder. Such a person protects sheep from animals that would attack them, keeps them from wandering, and otherwise takes care of the flock. The word is also a verb that describes care of a group — sheep, other animals, even people. You might shepherd your herd of goats, or shepherd your younger siblings through the transition from elementary to middle school.
WORD FAMILY
shepherd: shepherded, shepherding, shepherds
USAGE EXAMPLES
Deann Shepherd of the Humane Society of Utah says current law already requires shelter, but fails to define what that means.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
When Schmidt returned to the park at midday on Thursday, one sheep was missing from the manger scene and another from the shepherd scene.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
“Oh, I would like that very much,” she said and then fell about laughing when we told her it was called shepherd’s pie.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 牧羊人，羊倌; 牧师; 指导者
vt. 带领，引导; 牧（羊），放牧; 照看
时态：shepherded, shepherding, shepherds
分布：牧羊(89%)，牧师(4%)，照看(3%)，指导者(2%)，引领(1%)，牧羊者(1%)
→来自 sheep,羊，herd,牧群，牧羊人。
n.牧民,牧羊人The bead is put on the forehead of the dead shepherd ahead of the herd.珠子被戴在牧群前面的死牧羊人的前额上.
US [-ɚd] noun countable
■a person whose job is to take care of sheep and move them from one place to another 牧羊人
• a shepherd boy 牧羊童
UK ['ʃep.əd] US [-ɚd] verb transitive usually + adverb or preposition
PEOPLE 人
■to make a group of people move to where you want them to go, especially in a kind, helpful and careful way 带领，引导
• He shepherded the old people towards the dining room. 他把老人们带到餐厅。
UK ['ʃep.əd] US [-ɚd] verb transitive usually + adverb or preposition
SHEEP 羊
■to move sheep from one place to another 牧羊人
• The dogs shepherded the sheep into the pens. 狗把羊赶进了羊圈。
vt. 牧羊；带领；指导；看管
 - guide, coach, supervise
n. 牧羊人；牧师；指导者
 - minister, priest

Word: terribly
Front: terribly
[ˈterəbli] (托 4872/4731 -K)
Back: adv. 很; 非常; 极; 非常糟糕地
分布：很(56%)，可怕地(44%)
adverb
VERY BADLY 很糟
 ADVANCED
■very badly 很糟；很不好
• I slept terribly last night. 我昨晚睡得很不好。
['ter.ə.bli] adverb
VERY MUCH 非常
 ADVANCED informal
■very 很，非常
• I'm terribly pleased to hear that you've got a job. 听说你找到了工作，我高兴坏了。
• She was terribly sorry not to have seen you last Saturday. 上周六没有见到你，她感到非常遗憾。
adv. 非常；可怕地；极度地
 - extremely, badly, highly, greatly, too

Word: thrift
Front: thrift
[θrɪft] (研托 10231/15985 -2)
Vocabulary: thrift
(once / 878 pages)
1n 2n
Thrift means being very careful about how much money you spend. Reusing the same tea bag ten times so as not to waste money is a kind of thrift.
The word thrift originally referred to fortune and has come to mean the act of being economical; a thrifty person, or someone who practices thrift, is likely to be fortunate in the sense that he has savings. At a thrift store, you will find inexpensive clothing. You probably don’t want to exercise thrift when deciding on something important, like which brain surgeon to use. You may also find thrift on sunlit mountaintops, in the form of a slender-leaved plant with pink flowers.
WORD FAMILY
thrift: thriftless, thrifts, thrifty +/thriftiness: thriftinesses/thriftless: thriftlessly, thriftlessness/ thrifty: thriftier, thriftiest, thriftily, thriftiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The homeless would get gift certificates at a thrift shop to replace disposed items once housing is secured.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The ugly-sweater trend started with people buying vintage sweaters from thrift shops and surplus stores.
Seattle Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Employees of three charities that operate thrift stores in the Lewiston-Clarkston Valley would say “No.”
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. 节俭，节约; 茁壮成长; 〈英〉繁荣的手段，工作，劳动; [植] 海石竹
分布：节俭(65%)，节约(35%)
→来自中古英语 thriven,繁荣，兴旺，词源同 thrive,繁荣，兴旺。-th,名词后缀，后缩写自 t.词 义由繁荣，兴旺引申为节约，节俭。词义演变比较 fruitful,frugal.
n.节俭,节约,繁荣To practice thrift is a virtue.节俭是美德.
noun uncountable
AVOIDING WASTE 节俭
■the careful use of money, especially by avoiding waste 节约，节俭
[θrɪft] noun uncountable
PLANT 植物
■a small plant with, typically, pink flowers on long stems which often grows wild on cliffs by the sea 海石竹（一种小型野生植物，一般茎较长，开粉色花，常生长在海边峭岩上）
n. 节俭；节约； [植] 海石竹
 - economy, saving

Word: toughen
Front: toughen
[ˈtʌfn] (15491/20083 -1)
Back: vt. 使变坚韧; 使变坚强; 使变强硬; 使变顽强
vi. 变坚韧; 变坚强; 变强硬; 变顽强
时态：toughened, toughening, toughens
分布：变坚韧(47%)，变顽固(40%)，变健壮(13%)
→来自 tough,坚硬的，坚强的，-en,使。
verb
MAKE STRONG 使坚韧
transitive
■to make something or someone tough, strong, or stronger 使坚韧；使变结实；加强
• The UN announced its intentions to toughen sanctions still further. 联合国宣布要进一步加强制裁的意图。
• The government wants to toughen (up) the existing drug laws/controls. 政府想要加强现有有关毒品的法律／对毒品的控制措施。
• His time in the army certainly toughened him up. 军旅生涯确实使他变得更加坚强。
• Car windows are usually made from toughened glass. 汽车车窗通常是由强化玻璃制成。
['tʌf.ən] verb
GET DIFFICULT 变得困难
intransitive
■to become difficult to deal with 变得困难
• Amid toughening competition in the market, many firms are going out of business. 由于市场竞争愈趋激烈，许多公司只好结业。

Word: vintage
Front: vintage
[ˈvɪntɪdʒ] (6363/7221 -2)
Vocabulary: vintage
(once / 1621 pages)
n
A vintage is the specific year that a wine was made. Different vintages are better than others.
This word is mainly associated with wine. Some wine drinkers can actually identify a wine’s vintage based on smell or taste. Also, this word can refer to things that are old, yet also kind of cool. An antique car is known as a vintage automobile. There are also vintage bikes and watches. Watch out for the word vintage though: sometimes it just means old or used, like a vintage clothing store.
WORD FAMILY
vintage: vintages
USAGE EXAMPLES
Great vintage advertisement: The Union Pacific railroad touts its access to “America’s vital potato markets.”
Time(Jan 02, 2017)
This is a good place for reasonably priced, vintage furniture.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Small stages display his purple Yamaha piano and a collection of vintage costumes.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 酿酒的; 老式的，过时的; 最好的，最有特色的; 古老而享有声誉的
n. 美酒; 葡萄产量; 酒产年，酒产地; 制造年份
v. 为酿酒而收（葡萄）; 用葡萄酿酒
分布：收获(44%)，古典的(25%)，优质的(10%)，年代(葡萄(7%)，佳酿的(7%)，一组具有共同特征的人或事情(7%)
→来自拉丁语vindemia,葡萄收割，葡萄生产，vin-,葡萄，de-,向下，取下，-em,拿，带，词源同example。引申词义特定年份收割的葡萄，上等葡萄酒，佳酿，后词义通用化，经典的，典型的等。
US [-tˌɪdʒ] adjective
HIGH QUALITY 高品质
■of high quality and lasting value, or showing the best and most typical characteristics of a particular type of thing, especially from the past （尤指过去某个时期）最佳的，最典型的，经典的
• a vintage aircraft 最出色的飞机
• a vintage comic book 经典的漫画书
• This film is vintage (= has the best characteristics typical of films made by) Disney. 这是一部经典的迪士尼影片。
• She loves buying vintage clothing. 她喜欢买高档时装。
UK ['vɪn.tɪdʒ] US [-tˌɪdʒ] adjective
WINE 酒
[before noun]
■describes wine of high quality that was made in a particular year, and which can be kept for several years in order to improve it （酒）佳酿的，上等的
• vintage champagne/port/claret 上等香槟／波尔图葡萄酒／干红葡萄酒
UK ['vɪn.tɪdʒ] US [-tˌɪdʒ] noun
countable
■the wine made in a particular year, or a particular year in which wine has been made 特定年份酿造的酒；酿造年份
• The 1983 vintage was one of the best. 1983年酿制的酒是最好的酒之一。
• What vintage is this wine (= In what year was it made) ? 这酒是哪年酿制的？
uncountable literary
■a group of things which were produced, or a group of people who were active, during the same particular period 同时代生产的东西；同时代的一批人
• He is undoubtedly England's best captain of recent vintage. 他毫无疑问是英国队近年来最优秀的队长。
adj. 古老的；最佳的；过时的
 - optimal, ancient, old

Word: arithmetic
Front: arithmetic
[əˈrɪθmətɪk] (高研四六托 11378/8791 -1)
Vocabulary: arithmetic
(once / 1004 pages)
nadj
Arithmetic is another word for math, specifically the areas of math having to do with numbers and calculating.
If you're good at adding, subtracting, dividing, and multiplying, then you're good at arithmetic, which is a big part of math. Arithmetic has to do with doing calculations. To answer most math problems, including almost all word problems, you need arithmetic. The most basic arithmetic is 2 plus 2, but as anyone who's ever taken algebra can tell you, it can get a lot more complicated than that.
WORD FAMILY
arithmetic: arithmetical, arithmetically, arithmetician, arithmetics+/arithmetician: arithmeticians
USAGE EXAMPLES
Polls put her conservative bloc well ahead of rivals, but a fractured electoral landscape adds uncertainty to the coalition arithmetic.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
More recently, we’ve sent arithmetic, concerts of Vivaldi and Gershwin, and the Beatles song “Across the Universe.”
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
To get championship probability from win probability is simple arithmetic: win probability multiplied by championship value.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 算术，计算; 算法
分布：算术(77%)，计算(17%)，算术的(6%)
→词根arith, 计算，词源同read, 读，计算。-m, 插入鼻音字母。
算术(arithm计算+etic)[-ic 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人或学科"3.表名词"某种病"]
n.算术,四则运算With rhythm, the arithmetic teacher put the artist's artificial articles on the vehicle.算术老师把艺术家的人造物品有节奏地放到运载工具里.
US [-tˌɪk] noun uncountable
 ADVANCED
■the part of mathematics that involves the adding and multiplying, etc. of numbers 算术
• I've never been very good at arithmetic. 我从来不擅长算术。
• an arithmetic test 算术考试
 ADVANCED
■calculations involving adding and multiplying, etc. numbers 算术运算；演算；计算
• I did some quick mental arithmetic and decided it was going to cost too much. 我快速心算了一下，觉得费用会太高。
• I can't work out which of these packets of washing powder is cheaper - could you do the arithmetic for me? 我弄不清楚哪种包装的洗衣粉便宜些，你能帮我算一算吗？
n. [数] 算术，算法
 - algorithm, number

Word: defunct
Front: defunct
[dɪˈfʌŋkt] (托宝 15391/14322 -1)
Vocabulary: defunct
(once / 3906 pages)
adj
Defunct describes something that used to exist, but is now gone. A magazine that no longer publishes, like Sassy, the girl-power mag from the '90s, is defunct, for example.
Although defunct comes from the Latin word defunctus meaning "dead," it's not usually used to describe a person who's no longer with us, but rather institutions, projects, companies and political parties — you know, the boring stuff. Keep digging and you'll find that defunctus comes from defungi, meaning, "to finish," which is closer to how it's used today. Defunct can also refer to a rule or law that's no longer used or has become inactive, like prohibition.
WORD FAMILY
defunct: defunctness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The center will replace some functions of the defunct U.S.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
But by late morning Wednesday, those terms already seemed defunct.
Washington Post(Dec 14, 2016)
A statement from the Burmese President’s office linked them to the Rohingya Solidarity Organization, a militant group long thought to be defunct.
Time(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: adj. <正>已故的，不存在的; 无效的，失效的; 非现存的
n. 死者，死人
分布：死的(33%)，失效的(24%)，非现存的(20%)，死者(17%)，不能使用的(6%)
→de-, 夺去，损毁。funct-, 功能，词源同function.
死亡的;失效的(de不+funct→不活动→死亡的)[funct=perform,表示"活动"]
【记】de使失去，funct功能－死亡的
【参】dysfunction（n [医]功能紊乱；官能障碍）
[dɪ'fʌŋkt] formal
adjective
■no longer existing, living, or working correctly 不复存在的；死亡的；失灵的
• members of a now defunct communist organization 目前已解散的共产主义组织的成员
• humorous I think this kettle is defunct! 我看这个水壶已经不能使用了！
adj. 死的；非现存的
 - belly-up
n. 死者
 - dead, decedent

Word: cemetery
Front: cemetery
[ˈsemətri] (研雅宝 4589/5666 -2)
Vocabulary: cemetery
(once / 663 pages)
n
A cemetery is the land used for burials. If you are 11 and you purchase a plot in a cemetery, you are planning too far ahead.
Cemetery comes all the way from the Greek work koimētērion, which means "sleeping place." But the sleep you do in cemeteries is an eternal one. Cemeteries can often be found near churches, or in big parks outside of cities, usually gated off because the ground has been consecrated, or blessed. Sometimes we use cemetery metaphorically. The sea is a cemetery for shipwrecked sailors, just as a junk shop might be a cemetery for old shoes.
WORD FAMILY
cemetery: cemeteries
USAGE EXAMPLES
The 4,000 tickets to the 31 July event at the cemetery will be available through a public ballot online at www.passchendaele100.org until 24 February.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
With all the hallmarks of a village inn, The Flask is very close to Highgate Cemetery - the burial place of Karl Marx.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Lewis and Clark County Deputy Coroner Heather Tupper says authorities responded to the discovery at an intersection about two blocks south of Forestvale Cemetery.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 墓地，公墓
分布：墓地(100%)
→来自kei, 躺，休息，词源同home, city. 委婉语。-et, 小词后缀，-ery, 地点后缀。
坟墓(cemet)[-ery 1.表名词"场所,地点"2.表名词"行为,情况"]
墓地[cem=sleep(睡)]
n.坟墓,墓地,坟场The dog was buried in the cemetery.这只狗被埋在了公墓里.
US [-ter.i] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■an area of ground in which dead bodies are buried, especially one which is not next to a church （尤指不靠近教堂的）公墓，墓地
n. 墓地；公墓
 - graveyard, boneyard

Word: jitters
Front: jitters
[ˈdʒɪtəz] (17558/- -1)
Vocabulary: jitters
(once / 10697 pages)
n
When you're really anxious and jumpy, you can say you have the jitters. Your jitters might make it hard to stand calmly in front of an audience and deliver a speech.
Jitters is an informal but useful noun that captures the fidgety, nervous feeling that everyone gets sometimes. When you have the jitters, you're so nervous you can hardly sit still. This word is one of the relatively few coined in the United States, and it's thought to be influenced by chitter, in dialect "tremble or shiver," from Middle English chittern, "to twitter or chatter."
WORD FAMILY
jitter: jittering, jitters, jittery +/jittering: jitteringly/ jittery: jitterily, jitteriness
USAGE EXAMPLES
“A little pre-match jitters but I thought I did a good job.”
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The security jitters coincided with expressions of sympathy.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
May’s government is clearly aware of the jitters.
Seattle Times(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: n. 神经过敏; 极度紧张; 激动(jitter的复数)
v. 紧张不安; 使激动; 抖动(jitter的三单形式); 神经过敏地说
分布：紧张(88%)，怯场(9%)，名词jitter的复数形式.(3%)
→来自jitter,抖动，剧烈跳动。引申词义紧张不安。
US ['dʒɪtˌ.ɚz] informal
plural noun
■a feeling of nervousness which you experience before something important happens （极度的）紧张不安；恐慌
• I always get the jitters the morning before an exam. 考试当天早上我总是很紧张。
• figurative The collapse of the company has caused jitters in the financial markets. 这家公司的倒闭导致金融市场出现恐慌。
UK ['dʒɪt.əz] US ['dʒɪtˌ.ɚz] informal
plural noun
give sb the jitters
■to make someone nervous or frightened 使（某人）紧张不安；使（某人）恐慌
• Come away from that cliff edge! You're giving me the jitters! 别站在悬崖边上！你把我吓坏了！
n. 神经过敏；激动（jitter的复数）
 - fumes

Word: fragmentation
Front: fragmentation
[ˌfræɡmen'teɪʃn] (10975/10629)
Vocabulary: fragmentation
(once / 21767 pages)
n
Fragmentation describes a separating of something into pieces. The way a family can be affected by divorce, its members living in separate houses, is one kind of fragmentation.
People often have an image of an exploding bomb when they think about fragmentation, and that sense of something breaking into tiny particles is a useful way to think of the word, no matter how it's used. A burst water balloon experiences fragmentation, and so does a city disrupted by violence. The Latin root word, fragmentum, literally means "a piece broken off," or a fragment.
WORD FAMILY
fragmentation: fragmentations+/ fragment: fragmental, fragmentary, fragmentation, fragmented, fragmenting, fragmentise, fragmentize, fragments/fragmentary: fragmentarily/fragmentize: fragmentized, fragmentizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The spread of the right to be forgotten is part of a wider trend towards the fragmentation of the internet.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
They threw a fragmentation grenade over the compound wall, then followed it inside.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
If Trump succeeds in rolling back financial legislation or eases up on its enforcement, it will accelerate a trend towards regulatory fragmentation globally.
Reuters(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 分裂，破碎
分布：破碎(65%)，分裂(35%)
【反】consolidation（n 巩固；合并）
N-COUNT
碎片;片断;小部分
A fragment of something is a small piece or part of it.
例：...fragments of metal in my shoulder...我肩膀里的几块金属碎片
例：She read everything, digesting every fragment of news.她什么都看，对新闻的每个片段都细细品味。
V-ERG
(使)成碎片;(使)分裂;(使)分化
If something fragments or is fragmented, it breaks or separates into small pieces or parts.
例：The clouds fragmented and out came the sun...乌云散开，太阳出来了。
例：Fierce rivalries have traditionally fragmented the region...激烈的竞争已经如从前一样使得该地区四分五裂。
n. 破碎； [心理] 分裂； [计] 存储残片
 - fracturing, disruption

Word: geological
Front: geological
[ˌdʒi:ə'lɒdʒɪkl] (8805/5877 -1)
Back: adj. 地质（学）的
分布：地质学的(88%)，=geologic.(12%)
US [-'lɑ:.dʒɪ-] adjective
■relating to geology, or to the geology of a particular area or place 地质的；地质学的
• a geological survey/map 地质勘察／图
• the complex geological structure of the region 该地区复杂的地质结构

Word: lash
Front: lash
[læʃ] (研托雅宝 8455/8665 -2)
Vocabulary: lash
(once / 322 pages)
1nv 2n
A lash is a sharp slap or strike with a rope or whip. In some parts of the world, lawbreakers receive a certain number of lashes as punishment for their crimes.
To deliver a lash is also to lash: "I instructed the jockey not to lash the horse," and another way to lash is to tie one thing securely to another. The part of a whip that actually connects with a person or animal's body is called a lash as well. When you lash out at someone, you either hit them or attack them in a figurative way, especially through angry words.
WORD FAMILY
lash: lash-like, lashed, lasher, lashes, lashing, unlash+/lasher: lashers/lashing: lashingly, lashings/unlash: unlashed, unlashing
USAGE EXAMPLES
When the Obama administration slapped tariffs on Chinese tire imports in 2009, for instance, China lashed back by imposing a tax on U.S. chicken parts.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Who was this beautiful man, with his beautiful hair, his beautiful face, his lashes, his two gold hoop earrings?
The New Yorker(Dec 26, 2016)
About 20 typhoons and storms lash the Philippines each year.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 鞭挞，鞭子; 责骂; 讽刺; 眼睫毛
vi. 急速甩动; 猛击; 抽打; 严厉谴责
vt. 鞭打; 摆动; 激励，煽动; 捆绑
时态：lashed, lashing, lashes
分布：鞭打(27%)，抨击(18%)，睫毛(17%)，鞭子(14%)，摆动(13%)，讽刺(11%)
→拟声词。
v.鞭打,摆动,捆扎n.鞭子,鞭打,睫毛,讽刺The man lashed the donkey.这人用鞭子抽驴.
【记】读：拉屎。用鞭子抽得你直拉屎。
【反】unbind（v 解开；解放）
verb
HIT 打击
intransitive or transitive
■to hit with a lot of force 猛击；狠打
• The prisoners were regularly lashed with electric cable. 犯人经常被人用电缆抽打。
• The sound of the rain lashing against the windows was deafening. 雨点敲打窗户发出巨大的声响。
⇒ See also lash out
[læʃ] verb
CRITICIZE 批评
transitive
■to criticize someone severely 抨击，谴责，斥责
[læʃ] verb
TIE 系
transitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to tie together tightly and firmly 系紧，系牢
• I've lashed your case to the roof rack. 我把你的箱子系在车顶的行李架上了。
• These poles will be easier to carry if we lash them together with a rope. 如果我们用绳子把这些杆子捆在一起，携带起来将会容易一些。
[læʃ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  lash out (sth) UK informal
■to spend a large amount of money in an unnecessary or wasteful way 浪费，挥霍（钱财）
• He lashed out £5000 on his daughter's wedding. 他为女儿的婚礼一下子花了5000英镑。
[læʃ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  lash out
■to suddenly attack someone or something physically or criticise them in an angry way （突然）狠打，痛打；抨击，斥责
• I was only teasing him and suddenly he lashed out (at me) and hit me in the face. 我只是在和他闹着玩，他却突然动起手来，一拳打在我的脸上。
• Why's Tina in such a bad mood? She really lashed out at me when I was late for work. 蒂娜为甚么情绪这么糟糕？我上班迟到了她就对我大发雷霆。
[læʃ] noun
HAIR 毛发
countable usually plural
■an eyelash
[læʃ] noun
HIT 打击
countable or only singular
■a thin strip of leather at the end of a whip, or a hit with this, especially as a form of punishment 鞭梢；鞭笞，鞭打
• He received 30 lashes for the crime. 他因这项罪行而挨了30鞭。
• The punishment for disobedience was the lash. 违抗命令要受到鞭笞的惩罚。
⇒ See also whiplash
countable
■a sudden violent movement of something that can bend 甩动，（突然的）摇动，摆动
• With a powerful lash of its tail, the fish jumped out of the net and back into the river. 那条鱼猛地一摆尾巴，从渔网里又跳回到河中。
[læʃ] noun
come/suffer under the lash
■to be severely criticized 受到严厉批评，遭到痛斥
• The sales team came under the lash for poor results. 销售团队因业绩不佳而受到严厉批评。
vt. 鞭打；冲击；摆动；扎捆；煽动；讽刺
 - fan, hide, egg, strike
vi. 鞭打；猛击；急速甩动
 - drive, belt
n. 鞭打；睫毛；鞭子；责骂；讽刺
 - hit, flogging

Word: puppet
Front: puppet
[ˈpʌpɪt] (研四六 7250/7795 -1)
Vocabulary: puppet
(once / 1372 pages)
n
A doll or figure controlled by a person so that it appears to be moving on its own is a puppet. A puppet can be fun, but if you feel like a puppet, it seems like someone is controlling you. Not fun.
A puppet show, performed for an audience, is a kind of theater — with puppets instead of actors. Hand puppets' arms are controlled by the puppeteer's fingers, while marionettes have many more nuances of movement due to the strings attached to various parts of their bodies. These complex puppets can appear very human-like. Sometimes puppet means someone who is controlled by others: "He was president, but he was just a puppet for his political party."
WORD FAMILY
puppet: puppeteer, puppets+/ puppeteer: puppeteers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Activities include concerts, dance lessons, art exhibits, puppet shows and a fireworks display on Boston Common at 7 p.m.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The production also featured the puppets Zippy & George from the TV show Rainbow and a digital projection of comedian Ken Dodd.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Q: Your campaign ad that portrayed your opponent as an Asian-American puppet of Wall Street was heavily criticized.
Science Magazine(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 木偶; 傀儡; 受他人操纵的人
分布：木偶(63%)，傀儡(37%)
→来自古法语popette,玩具，木偶，来自popet小词形式，来自拉丁语pupa,小女孩，词源同pupa,pupil.引申词义傀儡。
n.木偶,傀儡The upset supplement supplier went up with the puppet to the upper room for supper.心烦意乱的增刊供给者与傀儡一起到上面的房间吃晚餐.
noun countable
■a toy in the shape of a person or animal that you can move with strings or by putting your hand inside 木偶
• We took the children to a puppet show/theatre. 我们带孩子去看了木偶剧。
■disapproving
■a person or group whose actions are controlled by someone else 傀儡
• Western powers have been accused of trying to establish a puppet government/regime in the divided country. 西方列强被指责企图在这个分裂国家建立傀儡政府。
n. 木偶；傀儡；受他人操纵的人
 - cipher in algorism, fantoccini

Word: reinvent
Front: reinvent
[ˌri:ɪnˈvent] (8189/23071)
Vocabulary: reinvent
(once / 6708 pages)
v
To reinvent something is to completely change or remake it so thoroughly that it seems brand new. The driverless car is going to reinvent the way people think about driving.
When the earliest movies with sound were released, it seemed to reinvent film. And, when libraries started incorporating more technology and getting rid of card catalogs, they reinvented research. You can also literally reinvent something, by bringing it back: "They plan to reinvent their grandmother's lost recipe for homemade root beer." To "reinvent the wheel" means to do something redundantly — to waste time on something that's already been done.
WORD FAMILY
reinvent: reinvented, reinventing, reinvents+/ invent: invented, inventing, invention, inventive, inventor, invents, reinvent / invention: inventions/ inventive: inventively, inventiveness, inventivest, uninventive/ inventor: inventors/uninventive: uninventively
USAGE EXAMPLES
Jackbox Games’ original installment of its popular series reinvented the way we play local multiplayer games, by utilizing smart phones.
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
Gabor was an American original from Budapest who reinvented herself in a country that grants a second act.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
“Las Vegas is great at reinventing itself. In fact, they are unbelievable at reinventing themselves for sure,” Lucas said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. （在不知他人已发明的情况下）重复发明，彻底改造，重新使用
时态：reinvented, reinventing, reinvents
分布：改造(74%)，重新使用(21%)，再发明(5%)
→re-,再，重新，invent,发明，创造。比喻用法。
verb transitive
■to produce something new that is based on something that already exists （在已有事物的基础上）重新创造，改造
• The story of Romeo and Juliet was reinvented as a Los Angeles gangster movie. 罗密欧和朱丽叶的故事被改编成了一部洛杉矶黑帮题材电影。
reinvent yourself
■to change your job and/or the way you look and behave so that you seem very different （透过改换工作或形象、行为方式而）改造自己，洗心革面，换个活法
• He's one of those sportsmen who reinvent themselves as TV presenters. 他是那些半路出家做电视节目主持人的运动员之一。
[ˌri:.ɪn'vent] verb transitive
reinvent the wheel
■to waste time trying to create something that someone else has already created 重复发明；无谓地重复；浪费时间做无用功
vt. 重新使用；彻底改造；重复发明（在不知他人已发明的情况下）
 - reemploy

Word: neuron
Front: neuron
[ˈnjʊərɒn] (六托 10575/9397 -1)
Vocabulary: neuron
(once / 10824 pages)
n
The cells in your nervous system are called neurons. Scientists believe there are approximately 90 billion neurons in your brain.
You can also call a neuron a nerve cell, or a cell whose job it is to carry electrochemical messages throughout the nervous system. In the 1880s, neuron was used to mean "the brain and spinal column," or the nervous system itself. Later in the nineteenth century, neuron came to mean "nerve cell with appendages," from the Greek neuro-, "nerve."
WORD FAMILY
neuron: neuronal, neuronic, neurons
USAGE EXAMPLES
B.D.N.F. helps neurons to grow and remain vigorous and also strengthens the synapses that connect neurons, allowing the brain to function better.
New York Times(Jun 15, 2016)
The smallest functional entity of muscle is called a motor unit, which consists of a neuron and the muscle fibers it activates.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Neurons, which signal specific targets in the brain, change, too.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 神经元; 神经细胞
分布：神经元(87%)，神经细胞(13%)
→neuro-,神经，-on,医学名词后缀。
US ['nʊr.ɑ:n/ (UK also neurone)
noun countable
■a nerve cell that carries information between the brain and other parts of the body 神经元，神经细胞
n. [解剖] 神经元，神经单位
 - nerve fiber

Word: sneak
Front: sneak
[sni:k] (研六托 4557/8704 -2)
Vocabulary: sneak
(once / 604 pages)
vnadj
The word sneak has many shades of meaning, but all involve doing something in a secretive or stealthy way. If you sneak home after midnight, that means you’re quietly creeping into the house so no one will hear you.
In addition to moving furtively, sneak can also mean doing something secretly or slipping something in. You might sneak a cookie when no one is looking, or you might sneak your brother into a concert. You could even sneak a glance at that cute guy in your math class — you do it when you think no one will notice. Sneak has a noun form that describes a furtive person — someone who does a lot of sneaking.
WORD FAMILY
sneak: sneaked, sneaker, sneaking, sneaks, sneaky, snuck+/ sneaker: sneakers/sneaking: sneakingest, sneakingly/sneaky: sneakily, sneakiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Then he sneaked into the back of the theatre for the last twenty minutes.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
“It’s the fees that we rarely encounter that sneak up and bite us,” says Greg McBride, chief financial analyst for Bankrate.com.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
It’s a simple yet addicting game that manages to sneak into the top 10 of 2016.
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: vi. 潜行; 偷偷溜走; （儿童向成人）打小报告; 告状
vt. 偷窃
n. 鬼鬼祟祟的人; 溜走，偷偷摸摸的举动; 小偷; 告密的人
adj. 鬼鬼祟祟的，诡秘的，偷偷摸摸的
时态：sneaked, sneaking, sneaks
分布：溜(61%)，潜行(10%)，偷偷地做(8%)，偷偷地走(6%)，鬼鬼祟祟的人(5%)，暗中进行的(5%)，出其不意的(4%)，偷偷摸摸做(1%)
→可能来自中古英语 sniken,爬，蜷缩，来自 Proto-Germanic*snikana,爬，来自 sneg,爬，词 源同 snail,snake.引申词义偷偷地走，溜走。
vi.偷偷地走,溜vt.偷偷地做(或拿,吃)I saw him sneak away from us.我看见他悄悄地从我们身边走开.
verb (sneaked or US ALSO snuck, sneaked or US ALSO snuck)
MOVE SECRETLY 偷偷移动
intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep]
■to go somewhere secretly, or to take someone or something somewhere secretly 偷偷地走，潜行；偷带，偷拿
• I managed to sneak in through the back door while she wasn't looking. 我趁她不注意从后门偷偷溜了进来。
• Jan hasn't got a ticket but I thought we might sneak her in. 简没有票，但我想我们或许可以把她偷偷带进去。
• I thought I'd sneak up on him (= move close to him without him seeing) and give him a surprise. 我打算趁他不注意悄悄走到他身边，吓他一跳。
[sni:k] verb (sneaked or US ALSO snuck, sneaked or US ALSO snuck)
TELL SECRETLY 偷偷告诉
intransitive UK slang disapproving
■to secretly tell someone in authority, especially a teacher, that someone else has done something bad, often in order to cause trouble 告密；（尤指向老师）打小报告
• She was one of those dreadful children who was always sneaking on other kids in the class. 几个讨人厌的孩子总是向老师打小报告，说班里其他孩子的坏话，她就是其中一个。
[sni:k] noun countable UK (US snitch) (Australian dobber) slang disapproving
■a person who tells people in authority when someone else does something bad 告密者；打小报告者
• You told Mrs Cooper that it was me who tipped the paint over, didn't you - you nasty little sneak! 是你告诉了库珀夫人我打翻了油漆，对吗——你这卑鄙的告密者！
vt. 偷偷地做；偷偷取得
 - steal
n. 鬼鬼祟祟的人；偷偷摸摸的行为；告密者
 - informer, confidential informant
adj. 暗中进行的
 - under-the-table

Word: brewery
Front: brewery
[ˈbru:əri] (高 15159/5781 -1)
Back: n. 酿酒厂，啤酒厂
分布：啤酒厂(100%)
US ['brʊr.i] noun countable
■a company that makes beer or a place where beer is made 啤酒公司；啤酒厂

Word: apathy
Front: apathy
[ˈæpəθi] (13749/11596 -1)
Vocabulary: apathy
(once / 1190 pages)
n
Use the noun apathy when someone isn't interested in the important things that are happening. You might feel apathy for the political process after watching candidates bicker tediously with one another.
Although apathy is a lazy-sounding word indicating a lack of interest, action, or emotion, it has traveled through many languages to arrive in English. From the Greek apatheia, "freedom from suffering" or "impassibility," apathy has existed in English since the 17th century. Not just one person, but a whole segment of the population can be accused of inaction or emotional detachment: the expressions voter apathy, student apathy, and consumer apathy show just how unenthusiastic groups of people can be.
WORD FAMILY
apathy: apathetic, apathies+/ apathetic: apathetically
USAGE EXAMPLES
But they are also a sign of regional apathy.
The New Yorker(Dec 28, 2016)
The Seattle Freeze’ is that look of indifference and apathy that says, ‘you just keep to yourself and I’ll keep to myself.’
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Since a union was first mooted a few years ago, the idea has been met with apathy from the public and the fighters at large.
The Guardian(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 漠然; 冷淡; 无兴趣; 无动于衷
分布：冷漠(100%)
→前缀a-, 无，没有。词根path, 感觉，感情。
冷淡,漠不关心(a无+pathy→无感情)[path=feeling,suffering,illness,表示"感情,痛苦,病"]
【记】a非，无，path感情－无感情－冷漠
【反】fervor（n 热情）
noun uncountable
■when someone shows no interest or energy and is unwilling to take action, especially over something important 无兴趣，懈怠；（尤指对重要事情的）漠不关心，无动于衷
• widespread apathy among students 学生中普遍的懈怠情绪
• voter apathy 选民的冷漠态度
n. 冷漠，无兴趣，漠不关心；无感情
 - aloofness, apartness

Word: escalation
Front: escalation
[ˌeskə'leɪʃn] (宝 12543/14804)
Vocabulary: escalation
(once / 10225 pages)
n
An escalation is an increase or growth. When there's an escalation in tension between two countries, it means that things have become much more strained between them.
An escalation in Christmas tree prices means that your holiday decor will be more expensive this year, and an escalation of violence in a particular country will probably keep you from traveling there until things calm down. When something gets bigger or more intense, there's an escalation. The word comes from the verb escalate, which in turn is a back-formation from escalator. The Latin root of all three words is scala, or "ladder."
WORD FAMILY
escalation: de-escalation, escalations+/ escalate: de-escalate, escalated, escalates, escalating, escalation
USAGE EXAMPLES
Their gradual military escalation and counter-escalation was the principal reason for the ultimate collapse of the February cessation of hostilities agreement.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Such a plea would be an escalation of punishments against auto companies for defective products.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
It warned that armed groups on all sides were preparing for “an even more catastrophic escalation of violence.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 扩大，增加
分布：增加(86%)，逐步扩大(14%)
V-ERG
（使）扩大;（使）恶化;（使）升级
If a bad situation escalates or if someone or something escalates it, it becomes greater in size, seriousness, or intensity.
例：Both unions and management fear the dispute could escalate...工会和管理层都担心争端会恶化。
例：The protests escalated into five days of rioting...抗议升级为为期5天的骚乱。
n. 增加；扩大； [劳经] 逐步上升
 - enhancement, increase, gain, extension, rise

Word: circumvent
Front: circumvent
[ˌsɜ:kəmˈvent] (托宝 11924/14169 -1)
Vocabulary: circumvent
(once / 3692 pages)
1v 2v 3v
To circumvent is to avoid. Someone who trains elephants but somehow gets out of picking up after them has found a way to circumvent the cleaning of the circus tent.
Circum in Latin means "around" or "round about," and vent- comes from venire, "to come," but painting a picture from these two parts of the word helps. Picture someone circling around a barrier instead of climbing over it. That's what you do when you circumvent. You find a smart way around rules or barriers, or avoid doing something unpleasant altogether.
WORD FAMILY
circumvent: circumvented, circumventing, circumvention, circumvents+/circumvention: circumventions
USAGE EXAMPLES
Circumventing democracy by ignoring the obvious will of the people does little to inspire confidence in our statewide leaders.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
They do not want to be seen as circumventing voters' wishes.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
That was how Russian President Vladimir Putin managed to circumvent term limits to keep control of the Kremlin, Mr. Garcia said.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: vt. 围绕，包围; 用计防止; 避免; （用欺骗手段）陷害
时态：circumvented, circumventing, circumvents
分布：绕行(56%)，设法避开(22%)，围住(22%)
→circum-,圈，周围，-vent,走，词源同advent,venue.
回避(circum+vent走→绕圈走→回避)[circum-表示"环绕,周围"]
【记】circum绕圈，vent去，来－来回绕圈－用计谋回避
【反】confront（v 使面临）；direct encounter（直接遭遇）
US [ˌsɝ:-] formal
verb transitive
■to avoid something, especially cleverly or illegally （尤指巧妙或非法地）逃避，规避，绕过
• Ships were registered abroad to circumvent employment and safety regulations. 船只在外国注册以规避雇用和安全规定。
vt. 包围；陷害；绕行
 - case, invest, frame

Word: complicity
Front: complicity
[kəmˈplɪsəti] (托宝 13525/14713 -1)
Vocabulary: complicity
(once / 3491 pages)
n
Complicity is involvement in a wrongful act — like when you drove your newly-turned-vegetarian friend to a fast food joint so that she could scarf down a hamburger.
Complicity refers to the act of helping someone else behave inappropriately or illegally. If you find yourself accused of complicity, it's often helpful to show that you were unaware of the other person's intentions. In the case of the trip to the fast food restaurant, that's going to be hard to prove. You'll probably be scorned for being an accomplice, or someone who is complicit, in your friend's shameful act.
WORD FAMILY
complicity: complicities
USAGE EXAMPLES
It also found “official complicity in human trafficking.”
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
News outlets report that 37-year-old Lebruce B. Ellington pleaded guilty Wednesday to seven felony counts, including two counts of complicity to murder.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
As we eulogize the dead of Aleppo, we must acknowledge the United States’ complicity in this tragedy.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 合谋，串通; 共犯; 牵连
分布：共谋(57%)，串通(43%)
→com-, 强调。-plic, 编织，组成，词源apply,implicate. 即卷进去的，同谋。
同谋关系(com共同+plic+ity→共同重叠→同谋关系)[plic,pli,ply=fold,表示"重叠,折叠"]
【记】com共同，plic重叠，ity表状态－共同重叠的状态，也就是证词都一样的状态，一定是串通好了com共同，pli＝play玩，city城市：本拉登就是和一帮亡命之徒串通好了，把纽约城给玩了。
US [-ə.tˌi] formal
noun uncountable
■involvement in a crime or some activity that is wrong 同谋；共犯；串通
• She is suspected of complicity in the fraud. 她涉嫌参与了这宗诈骗案。
n. 共谋；串通；共犯关系
 - conspiracy, collusion

Word: frail
Front: frail
[freɪl] (六托雅宝 8930/7779 -1)
Vocabulary: frail
(once / 662 pages)
1adj 2n
Something that is delicate and fragile can be described as frail. Grandma's favorite vase is probably too frail to use for football practice; some of us have learned that the hard way.
Frail can also used to describe a person's physical condition: "When I broke my grandmother's vase, she yelled in a voice so loud that it was hard to believe it was coming from her small, frail frame." Another way to use frail is in reference to a person's emotional state. As the poet Sylvia Plath astutely observed, "How frail the human heart must be."
WORD FAMILY
frail: frailer, frailest, frailly, frailness, frails
USAGE EXAMPLES
He was playing a difficult man who was in his ’80s who was frail but strong.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
At one point, Durst, who is thin and appears frail, wheeled himself backward for a better view, bumping into one of his attorneys.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 21, 2016)
But it would not be for the people who are frail, live alone or in a dwelling with stairs, he said.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 脆弱的，虚弱的; 意志薄弱的，不坚定的; 易损的，易碎的
n. <美俚>少女，少妇; 灯心草篓
级别：frailer, frailest
分布：虚弱的(63%)，脆弱的(37%)
→缩写自拉丁语fragilis, 易碎的，词源同fragile.
脆弱的(frail=fract打碎的→脆弱的)[fract,frang=break,表示"打碎"]
【记】源于：fragile（adj 易碎的；脆的）frag碎fragment（n 碎片；片段）fr＝free，ail小病：动不动就得小病－身体虚弱的
【区】flail（n 连枷v 用连枷打）l象连枷；frail的r像易碎的花
adjective
■weak or unhealthy, or easily damaged, broken or harmed 脆弱的；虚弱的；易碎的；易受损的
• a frail old lady 孱弱的老妪
• I last saw him just last week and thought how old and frail he looked. 我最后一次看见他就在上个星期，觉得他看上去非常衰老、虚弱。
• the country's frail economy 该国脆弱的经济
fragile, weak, frail, feeble
这组词都有“虚弱的，乏力的”的意思，其区别是：
fragile: 可与frail换用，但语气强，侧重脆弱，指人容易生病，指物容易破碎。
weak: 普通用词，指缺乏应有的力量，可用于身体、意志或精神。
frail: 多指因经常生病而身体纤弱。
feeble: 指身体衰弱无力，精力几乎耗尽，含令人怜悯的意味。
invalid, crisp, fragile, brittle, frail
这组词都有“弱”的意思，其区别是：
invalid: a.不正确的，缺乏证据的；无效的，作废的。作名词时，表示病弱者，伤残者，久病者。
 • Your ideas about the first humans are interesting but invalid.   你关于最早的人类的观点很有意思，但是缺乏证据。
 • A bad car accident made him an invalid.   一次严重的车祸使他变成了残疾。
crisp: a.指食品的松脆；清新的，爽快的；活跃的，有生气的，干净利落的。
 • crisp biscuit   松脆的饼干
 • The student gave a clear, crisp answer to the teacher's question.   学生干净利落地回答了老师的问题。
fragile: a.常常修饰使用时必须小心才不会破碎的东西，也引申为体弱的，虚弱的。
 • He 's feeling a bit fragile after last night's party.   他参加了昨晚的聚会以后，现在感觉有些虚弱。
brittle: a.易碎的，易损坏的，通常是指坚硬的东西。
 • The bones of elderly people become brittle and easily broken.   老年人的骨头变得脆弱，很容易骨折。
frail: a. (指人)体弱的，虚弱的，也可以指东西易碎的。
 • His mother has grown old and frail.   他母亲已经年老体弱。
adj. 脆弱的；虚弱的
 - weak, tender, slight
n. 灯心草篓；少妇；少女
 - girl-o, chicklet

Word: overrule
Front: overrule
[ˌəʊvəˈru:l] (雅宝 12198/11392 -1)
Back: vt. 驳回，否决; 统治，支配; 对…施加影响
时态：overruled, overruling, overrules
分布：否决(59%)，驳回(26%)，统治(10%)，对...施加影响(5%)
→over-,在上，超过，rule,统治，管理。即上层管理者，后用于指否决，推翻。
US [ˌoʊ.vɚ-] formal
verb transitive
■(of a person who has official authority) to decide against a decision that has already been made （指有权威的人）否决，驳回，宣布…无效
• In tennis, the umpire can overrule the line judge. 在网球比赛中，主裁判可以否决边裁的判决。
vt. 否决；统治；对…施加影响
 - rule against, vote down

Word: straddle
Front: straddle
[ˈstrædl] (9812/13683 -1)
Vocabulary: straddle
(once / 4155 pages)
vn
When you straddle something, you're sitting on it with one leg on each side — like straddling a horse or a fence.
Unless you're using an old-fashioned side saddle, you straddle a horse when you ride it. Gymnasts learn how to straddle the parallel bars, basically doing the splits on them. But if someone says you're "straddling the fence", it means you're doing a different kind of splits: you're not taking a side and refusing to commit. In finance, straddling means you want to leave your options open to buy or sell.
WORD FAMILY
straddle: straddled, straddles, straddling
USAGE EXAMPLES
Many Strain-Japan families straddle their time between working jobs close to St. Louis and tending to family farms.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
They straddle the boundaries of the public and private, the respectable and the reviled.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
My children attend a school and play soccer on fields that straddle it.
The New Yorker(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: v. 叉开腿; 跨坐; 不表明态度; [军]向（目标）作夹叉射击[轰炸]
n. 跨坐; 观望; [军]夹叉射击[轰炸]
时态：straddled, straddling, straddles
分布：跨坐(50%)，把两腿叉开(20%)，观望(20%)，指定价格的交易(10%)
→改写自 stride,大步，阔步，跨，张开，-le,表反复。引申词义骑，横跨等。
verb transitive
■to sit or stand with your legs on either side of something 骑，跨坐；分开腿站在…上
• He pulled on his helmet and straddled the motorbike. 他戴上安全帽，跨坐在摩托车上。
■Something that straddles a line, such as a border or river, exists on each side of it or goes across it 跨过，横跨（边界、河流等）
• Our farm straddles the railway line. 我们的农场横跨铁轨。
■to combine different styles or subjects 融合，兼顾（不同风格或主题）
• It's described as a new kind of dance music which straddles jazz and soul. 它被称作是一种融合爵士乐和灵歌的新式舞曲。
■mainly US disapproving
■to be unable to decide which of two opinions about a subject is better and so partly support both opinions 对…持观望态度，对…持骑墙态度
• It's not the first time this year that the president has been accused of straddling an issue. 总统今年已经不是第一次被人指责态度暧昧了。

Word: shred
Front: shred
[ʃred] (托雅宝 8713/11812 -2)
Back: n. 碎片; 破布; 少量
vt. & vi. 撕碎，切碎; 用撕毁机撕毁（文件）
时态：shredded, shredding, shreds
分布：撕成碎片(46%)，细片(18%)，少许(18%)，碎布条(18%)
→来自古英语 screadian,切碎，来自 Proto-Germanic*skrauth,切，劈，来自 sker,切，劈，词 源同 shear,share,shard.
noun
SMALL AMOUNT 少量
only singular
■a very small amount of something 极少量，微量
• There's still a shred of hope that a peace agreement can be reached. 达成和平协议仍存有一丝希望。
• There isn't a shred of evidence to support her accusation. 关于她的指控没有丝毫证据可以支援。
[ʃred] noun
CUT 切
countable usually plural
■a very small thin piece that has been torn from something 细条，碎片
• Cut the radishes into shreds to garnish the plates 将樱桃萝卜切成丝来装饰碟子。
in shreds
■very badly torn 破碎的
• My shirt was in shreds when I took it out of the washer. 我把内衣从洗衣机里拿出来时，它已经变成了碎布条。
■badly damaged 严重受损的
• The report has left the prison governor's reputation in shreds. 该报告严重损害了监狱长的名誉。
[ʃred] noun
tear/rip sb/sth to shreds
■to strongly criticize a person or something they do, think or say 猛烈抨击，将…批得体无完肤
• The critics tore his performance to shreds. 评论家把他的表演批得体无完肤。
■to damage someone or something badly 严重伤害；严重损坏
• My trousers were torn to shreds when I fell off my bike. 我从脚踏车上摔了下来，裤子破了好几个洞。
[ʃred] verb transitive (-dd-)
■to cut or tear something roughly into thin strips 把…切（或撕）成细条；切碎；撕碎
• Shred the lettuce and arrange it around the edge of the dish. 将莴苣切成丝，摆在盘子边缘。
• shredded carrot/paper 切成丝的胡萝卜／切碎的纸
■to destroy a document by tearing it into strips, especially in a machine 粉碎销毁（文件）
• He ordered his secretary to shred important documents when government inspectors started investigating his business affairs. 政府调查员开始调查他公司的业务时，他命令秘书将重要文件粉碎销毁。
n. 碎片；少量剩余；最少量；破布
 - debris, chip
vi. 撕碎
 - rip up, tear to pieces

Word: collaborative
Front: collaborative
[kəˈlæbərətɪv] (6418/9253 -1)
Vocabulary: collaborative
(once / 10904 pages)
adj
The adjective collaborative describes something accomplished by working together with others. With a collaborative effort, a big job can be completed in very little time.
When you collaborate, you cooperate, or join forces, with other people — working on a project, brainstorming ideas, even assigning responsibility for who will do what. So something that has these qualities is collaborative. From playing in a band to making a movie, feeding the students at a school to building a house, when you work toward a shared goal, it's collaborative.
WORD FAMILY
collaborative: collaboratively+/ collaborate: collaborated, collaborates, collaborating, collaboration, collaborative, collaborator/ collaboration: collaborationism, collaborations/collaborationism: collaborationist/collaborationist: collaborationists/collaborator: collaborators
USAGE EXAMPLES
McCarthy was impressed with the veteran composer’s collaborative nature.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
The tribes “will help set a new standard for collaborative management at the national monument,” Navajo Nation President Russell Begaye said.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Their work was collaborative, with areas of specialization.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 合作的; 协作的
分布：合作的(56%)，协作的(44%)
US [-ɚ.ə.tˌɪv] adjective [before noun]
■involving two or more people working together for a special purpose 合作的；协作的
• The presentation was a collaborative effort by all the children in the class. 演出是全班孩子共同努力的成果。
adj. 合作的，协作的
 - cooperative, coefficient, synergic

Word: awe
Front: awe
[ɔ:] (研托宝 7103/8655 -1)
Vocabulary: awe
(once / 261 pages)
nv
Awe is a feeling of fear that is mixed with respect and wonder. You might gaze at the Grand Canyon with awe, marveling at its beauty and fearing its depth.
Awe dates back to Middle English, and was borrowed from Old Norse, a Scandinavian language. In Middle English the word referred to intense fear. The related English word awful originally meant "full of or causing intense fear." And awesome, which originally meant "inspiring awe" now is used generally as a synonym for excellent.
WORD FAMILY
awe: awed, aweless, awes, awesome, awing, awless, overawe+/ awed: awedest, awedly, unawed/aweless: awelessly/ awesome: awesomely/overawe: overawed, overawes, overawing
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I was actually in charge of the cement block,” Ms. Saxon said, still in awe at her construction skills.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Among his contemporaries, recognition of Lowell’s mental instability was inextricably bound up with awe of his talent.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
“Such a sense of awe,” Professor Smith said afterward.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 敬畏; 惊惧; 惊叹
vt. 使敬畏; 使惊惧; 使惊奇
时态：awed, awing, awes
分布：敬畏(87%)，恐惧(6%)，使敬畏(5%)，使惊惧(2%)
→来自PIE *agh, 害怕。此处词义褒义化。词源同ail, ugly.
n.敬畏,惊惧vt.使敬畏,使惊惧He was awed into silence.他被吓得默不作声.
【反】irreverence（adj 不尊敬的；n 不尊敬）
US [ɑ:] noun uncountable
 ADVANCED
■a feeling of great respect sometimes mixed with fear or surprise 敬畏；惊奇，惊叹
• I've always held musicians in awe. 我对音乐家们总是肃然起敬。
• As children we were rather in awe of our grandfather. 小时候，我们对祖父非常敬畏。
• You can't help but stand in awe of (= respect greatly and fear slightly) powerful people. 在权势人物面前，你不由自主会毕恭毕敬。
UK [ɔ:] US [ɑ:] verb transitive ( UK aweing or US awing)
■to cause someone to feel awe 使敬畏；使畏惧
• I was awed but not frightened by the huge gorilla. 那只硕大无比的大猩猩让我惊叹不已，但是我并不怕它。
• Her paintings have awed and amazed the public for half a century. 半个世纪以来，她的画作一直令公众叹服。
• The audience was awed into silence by her stunning performance. 她的出色表演令观众叹为观止，大家都屏气凝神地欣赏。
n. 敬畏
 - fear

Word: mutually
Front: mutually
[ˈmju:tʃuəli] (7987/7674)
Vocabulary: mutually
(once / 1360 pages)
adv
When you do something in cooperation with another person, the two of you do it mutually. You and your sister might, for example, mutually decide to skip the family reunion.
You can use the adverb mutually to describe an action or a connection that you share with someone. If you have a mutually competitive relationship with your best friend, it means that both of you feel a sense of rivalry. And when a decision is mutually beneficial to everyone in town, it helps every single person equally. The root word is the Latin mutuus, which means "reciprocal, or done in exchange."
WORD FAMILY
mutual: mutualism, mutuality, mutually, mutualness+/ mutualism: mutualist/mutuality: mutualities
USAGE EXAMPLES
The obituary for Bill Usery commemorated a life committed to finding mutually beneficial solutions to the thorniest of labor, management and governmental problems.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
“Competency and staffing levels are not mutually exclusive,” said Toby Edelman, a senior policy attorney at the Center for Medicare Advocacy.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Bubbling to the surface, though, is the realization that the two charges are not mutually exclusive.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adv. 互相地，互助; 对
分布：互相地(75%)，彼此的(25%)
adverb
■felt or done by two or more people or groups in the same way 互相（两个或以上的人或团体以同样的方式感到或完成）
• It will be a mutually beneficial project. 这将是一项互利的计划。
• Being rich and being a Socialist are not mutually exclusive (= they can exist together at the same time). 身为富人和身为社会主义者并不相互排斥。

Word: delusion
Front: delusion
[dɪˈlu:ʒn] (六宝 10894/11625 -1)
Vocabulary: delusion
(once / 661 pages)
n
A delusion is a belief that has no evidence in fact — a complete illusion. The cook at the hot dog stand who thinks he is the best chef in the world? That opinion is definitely a delusion.
The noun delusion is often used in the phrase delusions of grandeur, which expresses the belief that unattainable goals are well within reach, like a terrible actress's delusions of grandeur that she won't just land her first role in a movie, it also will make her an Academy Award winner. Delusions like that can be amusing for onlookers, but other kinds of delusions are not, like those suffered by the mentally ill. Their delusions can remove them from reality, making it hard to function.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
allusion / illusion / delusion
Novelists, magicians, and other tricksters keep these words busy. Novelists love an allusion, an indirect reference to something like a secret treasure for the reader to find; magicians heart illusions, or fanciful fake-outs; but tricksters suffer from delusions, ideas that have no basis in reality.
Blink and you'll miss it: an allusion is a quick indirect mention of something. It's a literary device that stimulates ideas, associations, and extra information in the reader's mind with only a word or two:
Littlemore was not quick at catching literary allusions. (Henry James)
Thomas Paine's writings contain several affectionate allusions to his father, but none to his mother. (Daniel Moncure Conway)
Magicians love to create illusions, or visual tricks, like making a tiger disappear or sawing a person in half. Your eye can be fooled by an optical illusion, and Dorothy and the gang get to the bottom of the Wizard's illusion and discover he's just a regular guy. Illusions aren't always glamorous; sometimes they're just hiding the man behind the curtain:
"We have no illusion that these credits are going to create lots of new jobs," the editorial said. (New York Times)
But while investing in your company's stock might feel safer than betting on the stock market as a whole, that is usually an illusion. (Seattle Times)
Delusions are like illusions but they're meaner. A delusion is a belief in something despite the fact that it's completely untrue. Hence the phrase is delusions of grandeur. People with delusions often wind up on the shrink's couch. Whether you are trying to deceive yourself or someone is trying to deceive you, if you believe the false idea, you have a delusion about reality:
Delusions are closely allied to hallucinations and generally accompany the latter. (Samuel Henry Prince)
Two medical experts had concluded then that the accused gunman suffered from schizophrenia, disordered thinking and delusions. (Reuters)
"Basically, I think he's suffering from delusions of grandeur," he said. (Chicago Tribune)
An allusion shows up in art, while illusions love kids' parties. If you believe something despite reality, you have a delusion.
WORD FAMILY
delusion: delusional, delusions+/ delude: deluded, deludes, deluding, delusion, delusive, delusory/ delusional: delusionally/ delusive: delusively
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Explainers are very sure of this, nodding in unison while smiling in bemusement at the pathetic delusions of the Trump people.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
We now live in a world of half-hearted Curb imitators, all labouring under the delusion that Curb was nothing but floridly improvised swearwords.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
There were two further novels, Surrender the Pink and Delusions of Grandeur.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 欺骗; 谬见; 错觉; 妄想
分布：妄想(37%)，错觉(34%)，幻觉(16%)，欺骗(13%)
→来自delude, 欺骗。
欺骗(delude的名词)[lud,lus=play,表示"玩,戏剧"]
noun countable or uncountable
■when someone believes something that is not true 幻想；错觉
• [+ that] He's under the delusion that he will be promoted this year. 他幻想自己今年会升职。
[dɪ'lu:.ʒən] noun countable or uncountable
delusions of grandeur
■the belief that you are more important or powerful than you really are 自大，自命不凡
n. 迷惑，欺骗；错觉；幻想
 - fraud, befuddlement

Word: northerner
Front: northerner
['nɔː(r)ð(ə)nə(r)] (21240/21315)
Back: n. 北方人
分布：北方人(94%)，=Northerner.(6%)
US ['nɔ:r.ðɚ.nɚ] noun countable
■a person who comes from the north of a country 北方人

Word: outburst
Front: outburst
[ˈaʊtbɜ:st] (9577/8541 -1)
Vocabulary: outburst
(once / 765 pages)
n
When you can't help an angry shout or a burst of emotion, that's an outburst. A toddler's outburst might take the form of a full-blown temper tantrum.
An outburst of passion or emotion can be angry words, a broken glass, or a triumphant whoop. There are also figurative outbursts, like the outburst of political enthusiasm within a particular group of voters, or an outburst of energy in the midst of a modern dance performance. The Middle English verb that proceeded outburst was outbresten.
WORD FAMILY
outburst: outbursts
USAGE EXAMPLES
Even the attainment of joy in the finale is preceded by a terrifying outburst of sonic chaos.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Panzer said he eventually got used to the way staff handled his outbursts.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The same was true of Sherman’s first sideline outburst this season against the Falcons — a game Chancellor wasn’t even in uniform for.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. （蒸汽，怒气等的）爆发; 破裂
分布：爆发(82%)，突发(18%)
US [-bɝ:st] noun countable
■a sudden forceful expression of emotion, especially anger （尤指愤怒情绪的）爆发，迸发
• a violent outburst 强烈情感的爆发
• an outburst of creative activity 创造性活动的激增
• Her comments provoked an outburst of anger from the boss. 她的评论惹得老板勃然大怒。
n. （火山、情感等的）爆发；破裂
 - explosion, fracture, burst

Word: pitfall
Front: pitfall
[ˈpɪtfɔ:l] (宝 11022/9580 -1)
Vocabulary: pitfall
(once / 3273 pages)
n
A pitfall is a trap or difficulty you didn't see. A possible pitfall for high school seniors is not working hard after they know they've already been accepted into college.
In 1300, pitfall referred to an animal trap, such as branches laid across a deep hole offering no escape. Since the 1580s, pitfall has come to describe any hidden or unexpected difficulty, and its meaning has expanded to apply to humans. You might encounter a pitfall when trying to use a brand new computer program that's unexpectedly precise. It can even be a habit you don't want to address, like the pitfalls of snacking in front of the television every night.
WORD FAMILY
pitfall: pitfalls
USAGE EXAMPLES
There are still potential pitfalls, however, not least that Congress does not share an affectionate view of Mr. Putin.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Peace efforts in Syria must still survive the many potential pitfalls of the shaky alliance between Russia and Turkey.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Kingston said he’s wary of the pitfalls of too much computer time.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 陷阱; 圈套; 诱惑
分布：陷阱(87%)，隐患(9%)，想不到的困难(4%)
→pit,深坑，fall,掉落。引申词义陷阱。
【记】pit坑，fall落下－让你落下的坑－陷阱
US [-fɑ:l] noun countable usually plural
■a likely mistake or problem in a situation 隐患；陷阱
• The store fell into one of the major pitfalls of small business, borrowing from suppliers by paying bills late. 那家商店犯了一个小本生意的大错，那就是从供应商那里先赊帐后付钱。
• There's a video that tells new students about pitfalls to avoid. 有一部影片告诫新生应避免犯哪些错误。
n. 陷阱，圈套；缺陷；诱惑
 - deficiency, defect, trap, web, mesh

Word: phil
Front: phil
[fɪl] (-/3607)
Back: abbr. philosophy 哲学; philological 语言学的; philology 语言学; philosophical 哲学的
分布：菲尔(男子名(100%)

Word: porter
Front: porter
[ˈpɔ:tə(r)] (高研四六 11418/6464 -2)
Vocabulary: porter
(once / 776 pages)
1nv 2n 3n
A porter is someone who carries luggage for tourists. If you ever travel by train across the country, you'll be grateful to the porter.
The person at an airport, train station, or hotel who's paid to help with your luggage is a porter. It's also the name of a train employee who assists passengers traveling in sleeper cars. The word porter comes from the Latin portatorem, one who carries. The dark, sweet beer known as porter or porter's ale comes from the same root word — because its taste and low price was the favorite of porters and other laborers.
WORD FAMILY
porter: porterage, portered, portering, porters+/ port: portage, ported, porter, porting, ports/ portage: portages
USAGE EXAMPLES
She was also offered a full-time porter’s job.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
At a table by the sanctuary’s carved screen, porter puritans sat with practitioners of what might be called the “chocolate-flavoring heresy.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
Sample hoppy IPAs, creamy porters, and rich stouts as you gather passport stamps to earn prizes along the biggest beer trail in the country.
Seattle Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 门童; 搬运工人; （医院里护送病人的）护工; （尤指卧铺车厢的）列车服务员
分布：搬运工(84%)，门卫(12%)，杂务工(4%)
→来自拉丁语portare,携带，搬运，通过，来自per,向前，通过，词源同ford,forth.
搬运工(port+er)[Port=carry,表示"拿,运"]
n.守门人,门房,行李搬运工,服务员On the porter's passport a portion of the portrait isn't proportional.在搬运工的护照上,部分肖像不成比例.
US ['pɔ:r.tˌɚ] noun countable
■a person whose job is to carry things, especially traveller's bags at railway stations, airports, etc 搬运工；（尤指火车站、机场等的）行李员；挑夫
• There aren't any porters, so we'll have to find a trolley for the luggage. 因为没有搬运工，所以我们得找个小车来推行李。
■UK (US doorman)
■someone whose job is to take care of a building and be present at its entrance in order to help visitors 门房，守门者
• The hotel porter opened the door for me and then called a taxi. 旅馆门厅服务员为我开了门，并帮我叫了一辆计程车。
US
■a person whose job is to help travellers who are spending the night on a train by arranging their bed, looking after their bags, etc. （卧铺车厢的）列车员
n. 门房；服务员； [交] 行李搬运工；守门人
 - waiter, concierge

Word: regeneration
Front: regeneration
[rɪˌdʒenə'reɪʃn] (托雅 13884/8146)
Vocabulary: regeneration
(once / 2170 pages)
1n 2n
Regeneration involves remaking something. Your city may plan regeneration efforts to spruce up a riverfront area that has fallen on hard times.
Regeneration means "create again," which is what salamanders do when they lose their tails. People find this regeneration fascinating, but even humans experience regeneration when they produce new skin cells to heal wounds and burns. Regeneration is also a religious term that means a "new birth" in which a person changes from sinner to true believer.
WORD FAMILY
regeneration: regenerations+/ generate: generated, generates, generating, generation, generative, generator, regenerate /generated: self-generated/ generation: generational, generations/generational: generationally/generator: generators/ regenerate: regenerated, regenerates, regenerating, regeneration, unregenerate/regenerated: unregenerated/unregenerate: unregenerately
USAGE EXAMPLES
That met Tucker’s primary goal — “relieving pain and improving function. … With that, we frequently get tissue regeneration.”
Seattle Times(Dec 11, 2016)
“A salamander laughs at that kind of injury,” says James Godwin, an immunologist and regeneration biologist at The Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine.
Nature(Dec 06, 2016)
Macrophages, for example, a cell type long identified with chronic inflammation, are necessary for limb regeneration in salamanders.
Nature(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: n. <生>再生; 恢复; <宗>（灵魂的）重生; <电子>正反馈
分布：再生(97%)，重建(3%)
VERB
革新;使复兴;重建
To regenerate something means to develop and improve it to make it more active, successful, or important, especially after a period when it has been getting worse.
例：The government will continue to try to regenerate inner city areas.政府将继续努力重建内城地区。
V-ERG
(使）(器官或肌体组织）再生；(使）再造
If organs or tissues regenerate or if something regenerates them, they heal and grow again after they have been damaged.
例：Nerve cells have limited ability to regenerate if destroyed...如果受到损伤，神经细胞再造的能力有限。
例：Newts can regenerate their limbs.蝾螈的肢体可以再生。
n. [生物] [化学] [物] 再生，重生；重建
 - reconstruction, breeding, restructuring, rebirth

Word: scholarly
Front: scholarly
[ˈskɒləli] (托 6310/8910 -1)
Vocabulary: scholarly
(once / 1733 pages)
adj
Someone who's scholarly is a serious student. You can describe your studious friend who's always working on a research paper or reading a huge book as scholarly.
Use the adjective scholarly when you talk about a person who is focused on learning — in other words, a scholar. You can also describe things that relate to studying or knowledge as scholarly, like a scholarly article in a journal or a scholarly atmosphere in a library. The Old English word scolere, or "student," is the root of both scholar and scholarly, from the Latin word for school, schola.
WORD FAMILY
scholarly: unscholarly+/ scholar: scholarly, scholars, scholarship / scholarship: scholarships
USAGE EXAMPLES
He wrote articles for scholarly journals and playbills for Washington-area theaters.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
“We want to apply the same scholarly rigor here that we would apply to an old masters’ show,” he added.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
It is one of three monasteries of the original branch of the scholarly, monastic order operating today.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 学术性的; 有学者风度的; 学者的
分布：学术性的(41%)，学者派头的(34%)，学究气的(17%)，名词scholar的形容词.(8%)
→来自 scholar,学者，-ly,形容词后缀。引申词义学问的，学术的。
US ['skɑ:.lɚ-] adjective
■containing a serious detailed study of a subject 学术性的
• a scholarly article/book/work/journal 学术性文章／书／著作／刊物
■describes someone who studies a lot and knows a lot about what they study 博学的，有学问的
• a scholarly young woman 博学的年轻女子
adj. 博学的；学者风度的；学者派头的
 - learned, knowing, wise

Word: shack
Front: shack
[ʃæk] (宝 7290/14868 -1)
Vocabulary: shack
(once / 1239 pages)
1nv 2v
A shack is a small, rundown building used as a shelter. To shack is to live somewhere. If you tell your parents you want to shack up with your best friend, prepare to get grounded.
A shack is a tiny, crude shelter that one person might be living in. It’s not well maintained, and it probably has peeling paint and a leaky roof. A shack is a big step below a house and a small step above a refrigerator box. To shack is to live somewhere, especially somewhere that's not nice. Shacking up is kind of like crashing on someone’s couch, or living somewhere temporarily.
WORD FAMILY
shack: shacked, shacking, shacks
USAGE EXAMPLES
At the scene, a firefighter from Kenya immediately ran into a shack and rescued a mother who was asleep with her baby.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Entrepreneurs are jockeying to be the Shake Shack of Chinese dumplings, of vegan food, of Lebanese flatbread, of Japanese ramen noodles, of artisanal fried chicken.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
In exchange for tending the landowner’s animals in their remote mountain village, the Chavez family got the use of a leaky wooden shack.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 窝棚，简陋的小屋; <俚>无线电收发室; <美>游民; 驽马，废马
vi. 未婚而同居; 居住，暂住; <口>追到，拣起并把（球）丢回去
时态：shacked, shacking, shacks
分布：居住(39%)，窝棚(34%)，小室(18%)，棚房(9%)
→词源不详，可能来自 shake 方言变体，引申词义棚屋，摇晃的破屋。
【记】shack容易shake（v 摇动）
【区】shackle（n 镣铐）
noun countable
■a very simple and small building made from pieces of wood, metal or other materials 简陋小屋，棚屋
[ʃæk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  shack up informal
■to start living in the same house as sexual partners, without being married （未婚）同居
• I hear Tony and Helen have shacked up together. 我听说托尼和海伦已经同居了。
• She's decided to shack up with her boyfriend. 她决定和男友同居。
be shacked up
■to be living with someone as a sexual partner when you are not married to them （未婚）同居
• "Is Alan still living with Maria?" "No, he's shacked up with someone else now." “艾伦和玛丽亚还住在一起吗?”“没有，他现在已经和别人同居了。”
n. 棚屋；小室
 - whare, skillion
vi. 居住
 - belong, room, harbor, live, dwell

Word: wean
Front: wean
[wi:n] (宝 13577/12010 -1)
Vocabulary: wean
(once / 2306 pages)
v
To wean yourself from something is to gradually eliminate that thing from your life. You may want to wean yourself from watching too much TV, drinking two pots of coffee every morning, or obsessively reading the celebrity columns.
To wean an infant — human or animal — you gradually reduce consumption of mother’s milk or bottled milk until the little one is no longer nursing or bottle-feeding. If you want to wean yourself from eating chocolate chip cookies, go from eating eight a day to only seven for the next few days, then to six for a few days and so on until you're no longer eating any chocolate chip cookies.
WORD FAMILY
wean: weaned, weaning, weans+/weaned: unweaned/weaning: weanings
USAGE EXAMPLES
China’s array of challenges includes weaning the economy off debt-fueled stimulus spending, breaking up state monopolies and cleaning up the environment.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 26, 2016)
There are signs that we are slowly weaning ourselves off fossil fuels.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
Some say the devices help people wean themselves off the habit without the harmful, carcinogenic byproducts of regular cigarettes.
Washington Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: vt. 使断奶; 使断念
n. 〈英〉婴儿
时态：weaned, weaning, weans
分布：戒掉(77%)，放弃(23%)
→来自wen,追寻，渴求，努力，词源同win,wonted.后用于指小孩摆脱母乳，开始习惯正常的饮食，从而引申词义断奶。
【记】wean后容易weak。
verb transitive
■to cause a baby or young animal to stop feeding on its mother's milk and to start eating other food, especially solid food, instead 给（婴儿或动物幼崽）断奶
• The studies were carried out on calves that had been weaned at 5 weeks of age. 这些研究是在五个星期大时断奶的小牛身上进行的。
[wi:n] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  wean sb off sth (US also wean sb from sth)
■to make someone gradually stop using something that is bad for them 使（某人）逐渐戒掉；使（某人）脱离
• It's difficult to wean an addict off cocaine once they're hooked. 一旦对古柯碱上了瘾，就很难戒掉。
• The whole scheme is intended to wean people off welfare dependency. 整个计划旨在使人们摆脱对福利的依赖。
[wi:n] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [usually passive] wean sb on sth/sb
■If someone is weaned on something or someone, they have learned about and been influenced by them when they were young 使（某人）从小受…影响
• This generation has been weaned on computer games. 这一代人从小就受到电脑游戏的影响。
vt. 使断奶；使断念；使放弃
 - ablactate
n. （苏格兰）幼儿
 - infant, papoose

Word: superiority
Front: superiority
[su:ˌpɪəriˈɒrəti] (研六宝 7766/6509)
Vocabulary: superiority
(once / 418 pages)
n
Superiority is the quality of being better than or superior to someone else. Your superiority in the sack race won you a first-place ribbon.
Superiority refers to the best. It’s better than, above, greater than everything else, whether there’s something to compare it to — the superiority of one ice cream flavor over another — or whether it just describes a general state of high quality — the superiority of the University library. Of course, sometimes superiority is all in your head; in that case, some people might say you have a superiority complex, which means that you think you’re better than everyone else!
WORD FAMILY
superiority: superiorities+/ superior: superiority, superiorly, superiors
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I want Superiority Burger to be a singular but mighty New York City thing,” he said.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
“This defendant’s hatred was overwhelming,” Mr. Williams said, citing evidence that included a journal and an online manifesto detailing Mr. Roof’s sense of racial superiority.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Israeli Defense Minister Avigdor Lieberman says they “present another component in maintaining air superiority in our region” and expressed gratitude to Carter.
Seattle Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. 优越（性），优等; 傲慢
分布：优势(67%)，优越性(33%)
→superior,卓越的，优越的，-ity,名词后缀。
n.优越(性),优势,优等;高傲,傲慢The superstitious man put the priority on the superficial supersonic superiority.迷信的人把优先权放在表面的超音速的优良上.
US [-ˌpɪr.i'ɔ:r.ə.i] noun uncountable
BETTER 优势
■when someone or something is better 优越性，优势
• The Australian team soon demonstrated their superiority over the opposition. 澳大利亚队很快在对手面前显示出他们的优势。
Compare inferiority when you behave and think as if you are better than other people 高傲自大，自觉优越
• Her sense of superiority makes her very unpopular. 她的优越感让她非常不受欢迎。
UK [su:ˌpɪə.ri'ɒr.ɪ.ti] US [-ˌpɪr.i'ɔ:r.ə.i] noun uncountable
HIGHER 更高
■the state of being of a higher rank or social position than others 优势；优越性
n. 优越，优势；优越性
 - advantage, edge

Word: accrue
Front: accrue
[əˈkru:] (宝 12166/8867 -1)
Vocabulary: accrue
(once / 2177 pages)
v
To accrue is to accumulate or to keep growing in value or size. If you can accrue enough extra credit to build up your grade, you won't have to take the final exam.
Early forms of the word accrue were used as early as the 15th century with the meaning "to increase" or "to grow." Many modern uses for accrue involve money or finances, as when you accrue, or earn, interest on a bank account. You can accrue debt too, as interest grows on top of money owed until you pay it back. It's possible to accrue benefits over the time you work somewhere, or you can accrue demerits while you're misbehaving somewhere.
WORD FAMILY
accrue: accrual, accrued, accruement, accrues, accruing+/ accrual: accruals/accruement: accruements
USAGE EXAMPLES
Benefits accruing to the United States proved more difficult to specify.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
But the budget for “20th Century Women” was seven million dollars—a number at which commercial responsibilities begin to accrue.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Accrued liabilities in the Teamsters pension, which benefits 34,000 current and former truckers in New York, exceed its assets by $1.8 billion.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vi. 增加; （通过自然增长）产生; 获得; （使钱款、债务）积累
vt. （利息等）自然增值; [法]（诉讼）发生
时态：accrued, accruing, accrues
分布：积累(62%)，自然增加(19%)，生成(19%)
→前缀ac-同ad-. 词根cre, 生长，见create,生长，创造。该词多用于经济学，增息。
【记】读音：我哭。为什么？因为利息增加了，导致股市暴跌，我哭！
[ə'kru:] formal
verb intransitive
■to increase in number or amount over a period of time 积累；（逐渐）增加，增多
• Interest will accrue on the account at a rate of 7%. 帐户上的存款将会以7%的利率生息。
• Little benefit will accrue to London (= London will receive little benefit) from the new road scheme. 新的道路修建计划几乎不会给伦敦带来甚么利益。
vi. 产生；自然增长或利益增加
 - result, breed
vt. 获得；积累
 - acquire, earn, buy, score, find

Word: confidential
Front: confidential
[ˌkɒnfɪˈdenʃl] (高研六托雅宝 7010/5254 -2)
Vocabulary: confidential
(once / 487 pages)
1adj 2adj
If you get a letter stamped confidential, that means you're not supposed to tell anyone else what it says. It's private and you're not supposed to blab about it.
Confidential suggests that you're being let in on a secret — as in Kitchen Confidential, the title of a book by Anthony Bourdain, a famous chef, in which he tells unappetizing stories about the restaurant industry. If you confide in someone, you are trusting him or her with confidential or secret information. Choose your confidants wisely!
WORD FAMILY
confidential: confidentiality, confidentially+/ confidence: confidences, confidential, self-confidence/ confident: confidence, confidenter, confidently, overconfident, self-confident / overconfident: overconfidence, overconfidently
USAGE EXAMPLES
Most of its dealings are confidential and meetings secret.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Years of confidential German diplomatic cables provide a candid account of Luxembourg’s obstructive manoeuvres inside one of Brussels’ most secretive committees.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
They declined to comment in detail because personnel matters are confidential.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 秘密的; 机密的; 表示信任的; 亲密的
分布：机密的(59%)，秘密的(28%)，表示信任的(11%)，获信赖的(2%)
→con-, 强调。-fid, 信任，词源同faith, fiance. 即与信任的人分享的私密信息。
秘密的,机密的(confident+ial→相信的人才知道→机密的)[fid=trust,faith,表示"相信,信念"]
保密的(confident相信+ial)[-ial表形容词"有…的"]
a.秘(机)密的;表示信任的;担任机密工作的I'm confident that the dentist will deny the confidential accidental incident.我确信牙医会否认那个机密的意外事件.
【记】confident（adj 自信的；确信的）+ial－相信的人才知道－机密的
【参】confidentiality（n 机密性）
US [ˌkɑ:n-] adjective
 ADVANCED
■secret, often in a formal, business or military situation 秘密的，机密的
• All information will be treated as strictly confidential. 所有的情报都将被视作绝密。
familiar, intimate, confidential, close
这组词都有“亲密的”的意思，其区别是：
familiar: 通常指因长期交往而彼此很熟悉，像自家人一样。
intimate: 语气强烈，指感情或思想融洽、相互知心，彼此关系亲密。
confidential: 指相互之间可推心置腹、彼此信赖。
close: 语气较强，指兴趣爱好相同，因而关系密切，感情深笃。
adj. [管理] 机密的；表示信任的；获信任的
 - classified, secret

Word: blossom
Front: blossom
[ˈblɒsəm] (研四六托雅宝 6437/10180 -2)
Vocabulary: blossom
(once / 252 pages)
1nv 2vn
The flowering part of a plant or tree that will form the seeds or fruit is called a blossom and synonyms include bloom and flower. The noun can also refer to the state of such flowering. You shouldn't miss cherry blossom time in Washington, D.C.
As a verb, blossom means to produce flowers. Your favorite time of year may spring be when all the trees blossom and the air is perfumed with their scent. The verb blossom also means to begin to flourish and develop. If you are a teenager, you might be waiting to blossom and feel confident in your personality and grow into your gangly limbs.
WORD FAMILY
blossom: blossomed, blossoming, blossoms+/blossoming: blossomings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sunday at the home on Blossom Knoll Avenue.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
I’m hopeful that 2017 will see the flickering resurgence of outdoor civic spaces blossom into something more profound and lasting.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
At least Palmer gets to step back into the stadium where his dreams blossomed.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 花，群花; 开花时期，（发育的）初期; 兴旺时期
vi. （植物）开花; 繁荣，兴旺; 长成
时态：blossomed, blossoming, blossoms
分布：花(79%)，开花(19%)，成长(1%)，全盛期(1%)
→来自bloom, 开花。
n.花(簇);花期;青春vi.开花;展开;繁荣The gossip tossed the mossy blossom fossil.爱讲闲话者向上抛长满苔藓的花化石.
US ['blɑ:.səm] verb intransitive
■When a tree or plant blossoms, it produces flowers before producing fruit which can be eaten （植物）开花
• The cherry tree is beginning to blossom. 樱桃树开始开花了。
■When people blossom, they become more attractive, successful or confident, and when good feelings or relationships blossom, they develop and become stronger （人）变得更有魅力（或更成功、更自信）；（好的感觉或关系）深入发展，增强
• She has really blossomed recently. 她近来确实变得惹人喜爱了。
• She is suddenly blossoming into a very attractive woman. 她突然出落成了一位很有魅力的女子。
• Sean and Sarah's friendship blossomed into love. 尚恩和莎拉之间的友谊发展成了爱情。
UK ['blɒs.əm] US ['blɑ:.səm] noun countable or uncountable
■a small flower, or the small flowers on a tree or plant （一朵）小花；植物上全部的小花
• apple/cherry blossom 苹果花／樱花
UK ['blɒs.əm] US ['blɑ:.səm] noun countable or uncountable
be in blossom
■to have flowers growing 在开花
bloom, flower, blossom
这组词都有“花”的意思，其区别是：
bloom: 主要指诸如牡丹、玫瑰、梅花、菊花等供观赏的花以及花的状态。
flower: 指开放的花朵或泛指花卉。
blossom: 一般指树木开花，尤指果树上开的花。
vi. [植] 开花；兴旺；发展成
 - succeed, come into flower
n. [植] 花；开花期；兴旺期；花开的状态
 - bloom, inflorescence

Word: cadre
Front: cadre
[ˈkɑ:də(r)] (10547/16183 -1)
Vocabulary: cadre
(once / 7695 pages)
n
A cadre is a group of specially trained people prepared to lead or instruct others. Examples could be a military unit, a group of scientists, or a band of insurgents.
Just looking at the "re" at the end of cadre suggests the word has some French roots, and so it does. The word, stemming from the Latin quadrum, meaning "a square," also meant "framework." This idea of a frame or border came to suggest the word as meaning a small group that creates the framework for a larger one, much like a picture frame. Your cadre of rebels consists of two cats and a stuffed bear . . . at least they'll be good at keeping secrets.
WORD FAMILY
cadre: cadres
USAGE EXAMPLES
The caves that the cadres used as hide-outs from Japanese bombers still exist, buried into the bleak hills like black eyes.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Kudos to Seattle’s cadre of superior sound designers, whose work enhanced many a production.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
In the beginning of the Khmer Rouge’s reign, she worked as a technical supervisor at a weaving factory that produced clothing for the black-clad cadres.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 干部; 骨架; 核心; 骨干
分布：干部(90%)，骨干(8%)，小组成员(1%)，骨架(1%)
→词源同quarter, four, 原指四方形的画框，后指共产党的骨干。字母c,f,q音变。
US [-dɚ] noun
countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■a small group of trained people who form the basic unit of a military, political or business organization （军队、政治或商业组织的）骨干队伍，干部队伍
countable
■a member of such a group 干部
n. 干部；基础结构；骨骼
 - anatomy, skeleton

Word: tab
Front: tab
[tæb] (6633/8825 -1)
Back: n. 帐单; （易拉罐的）拉环; 标签，制表
vt. <口>监视; 给…贴标签; 用垂饰安装
abbr. (=Technical Assistance Board (of the United Nations))（联合国）技术援助委
分布：选项卡(68%)，标签(25%)，账单(3%)，拉环(2%)，用标签或垂饰安装(1%)，垂饰(1%)
→可能来自 tag,标签，记号。拼写比较 ruby,rouge.
noun countable
■a small piece of paper, metal, etc. that is fixed to something larger and is used for giving information, fastening, opening, etc. 标签，标牌
• Make a file for these documents and write 'finance' on the tab. 把这些文件归档，在标签上写明“财务”字样。
• Insert Tab A into Slot A and glue, before standing the model upright. 把标签 A 插入槽 A 黏好，然后把模型立起来。
■US (UK ringpull)
■the small piece of metal, often joined to a ring, which is pulled off or pushed into the top of a can (= metal drink container) to open it （易开罐的）拉环
■Northern english
■a cigarette 香烟
■(also tab of acid) informal
■a small piece of paper containing the drug LSD 含迷幻药的小纸片
the tab informal
■the total money charged in a restaurant or hotel for food, drinks, etc. （待付的）帐单，帐款
• He kindly offered to pick up the tab (= pay). 他客气地主动要求付帐。
[tæb] noun countable
keep tabs on sth/sb
■to watch something or someone carefully 密切注意…的动态
• I like to keep tabs on my bank account so that I don't overdraw. 我喜欢留意我的银行户口，以防透支。
n. 标签；制表；帐单
 - ticket, label, tag, prepared by

Word: shadowy
Front: shadowy
[ˈʃædəʊi] (六 9710/9891 -1)
Vocabulary: shadowy
(once / 616 pages)
adj
The adjective shadowy is good for describing things that are mysterious or hard to see, like a dim figure in the fog or the social rules of a typical middle school.
Indistinct or faint objects are shadowy, whether they're distant people standing in a dark alley or birds you can barely see against the choppy surface of the ocean. You can also describe something that's ghostly or unreal as shadowy. A shadowy room or a shadowy figure brushing past you would both be insubstantial and vaguely spooky. The root of shadowy is the Old English word sceadu, "shade, shadow, or darkness."
WORD FAMILY
shadowy: shadowily, shadowiness+/ foreshadow: foreshadowed, foreshadowing, foreshadows/ foreshadowing: foreshadowings/overshadow: overshadowed, overshadowing, overshadows/ shadow: foreshadow, overshadow, shadowed, shadower, shadowing, shadows, shadowy /shadowed: unshadowed/shadower: shadowers/shadowing: shadowings
USAGE EXAMPLES
A minute into a monitoring round on recent morning, the shadowy shapes of six turtles jetted across a reef.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Instead, we keep seeing the same vague flashes of flames and shadowy figures.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The shadowy forms imply the rest of the forest, as well as what’s beyond.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 朦胧的; 似影子的，模糊的; 虚无的; 影影绰绰
分布：朦胧的(47%)，阴暗的(41%)，鲜为人知的(12%)
US [-oʊ-] adjective
■dark and full of shadows 多阴影的；阴暗的，幽暗的
• She was startled by a sudden movement in the shadowy hallway. 幽暗的走廊中突然有动静，把她吓了一跳。
■describes someone or something about which little is known 不详的，鲜为人知的
• The English king, Arthur, is a somewhat shadowy figure who may not have even existed. 英格兰国王亚瑟是个有些扑朔迷离的人物，可能这个人并不存在。
• They are members of some shadowy extremist group. 他们是某个神秘极端主义组织的成员。
adj. 朦胧的；有阴影的；虚无的；暗黑的
 - hazy, bleary

Word: offload
Front: offload
[ˌɒfˈləʊd] (-/21957)
Back: v. 卸下，卸货
时态：offloaded, offloading, offloads
分布：卸下(40%)，卸货(40%)，发泄(20%)
US ['ɑ:f.loʊd] verb transitive
■to get rid of something that you do not want by giving it to someone else 卸去（累赘）；把（不想要的东西）转移（给别人）
• I've managed to offload some of our old furniture onto a friend who's just bought a house. 我已把我们的一些旧家俱给了我一位刚买了房的朋友。
vt. 卸下；卸货
 - demount, to unpack

Word: incredible
Front: incredible
[ɪnˈkredəbl] (研六托雅 3026/4939 -3)
Vocabulary: incredible
(once / 304 pages)
adj
If it's hard to believe and hard to wrap your head around, it just might be incredible. A hurricane in Kansas would certainly be incredible, but keeping your bedroom tidy all week counts too.
Incredible is commonplace and perhaps overused but it still fits the bill whenever life is beyond expectation. The Latin root credere means believe. Slap an in in front of that root, and something incredible is hard to believe.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
incredible / incredulous
Incredible describes something you can't believe because it's so right, like an incredible double rainbow. Incredulous describes how you feel when you can't believe something because it's so wrong, like when someone tells you leprechauns left two pots of gold.
If you pay attention to advertising, we live in an incredible world: Your local team had an incredible comeback. The latest movie is an incredible adventure. Wash your hair with this new shampoo and get incredible shine.
It's enough to make you incredulous, or skeptical.
Incredible isn't just an empty modifier for some new product. The adjective means that what it describes is hard to believe. People use it to mean it's so awesome you can't even believe it. It's usually something good, but bad stuff, like earthquakes, can be hard to believe, too:
He is an incredible player: Hall of Fame talent combined with world-class relentlessness. (New York Times)
Japanese earthquake, tsunami causes incredible damage; effects felt in U.S. (North Jefferson News)
The brain drain out of rural America has been incredible. (Reuters)
Incredulous describes someone unable to believe something, someone being super skeptical. Put your fists on your hips and say "no way!"when you're incredulous. It comes from the Latin incredulous, meaning not believing. Incredulous describes people, and their reactions to things they can't believe:
Asked whether writing the book forced him to seize on moments that he might otherwise have passed over he looked incredulous. (New York Times)
"Do you mean," he began, and paused, scrutinizing her tortured face with disconcerted, incredulous eyes. (F.E. Mills Young)
Something incredible is not credible; it's unbelievable.People, rainbows, and other things can be described as incredible (just check that shampoo label), but only people can feel incredulous, or unbelieving and a little irked.
WORD FAMILY
incredible: incredibility, incredibleness, incredibly +/ credibility: credibilities/ credible: credibility, credibleness, crediblest, credibly, incredible /incredibility: incredibilities
USAGE EXAMPLES
"My average of 108 says it all - it was incredible for everyone."
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
Los Angeles lost 11 of its final 12 games in an incredible pratfall.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Los Angeles was 3-1 after that road victory, but lost 11 of its final 12 games in an incredible pratfall.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 不可思议的; 惊人的; 难以置信的; 未必可能的
分布：难以置信的(80%)，惊人的(20%)
→in-,不，非，credible,可相信的。
a.不可相信的,惊人的,不可思议的It's incredible that the editor's editorial in this edition is edible.本版中的编辑社论可以食用让人难以置信.
adjective
DIFFICULT TO BELIEVE 难以相信的
 ESSENTIAL
■impossible, or very difficult, to believe 难以置信的
• an incredible story 令人难以置信的故事
• The latest missiles can be fired with incredible accuracy. 最新型导弹的准确度高得令人难以置信。
• It seems incredible that no one foresaw the crisis. 令人难以置信的是没有人预见到危机会发生。
[ɪn'kred.ɪ.bl] adjective
EXTREME 极端的 informal
■extremely good 极好的
• Yeah, it was an incredible performance. 对，这是一场非常出色的表演。
• What an incredible motorbike! 多棒的摩托车啊！
incredible, incredulous, credulous, unimaginable, credible
incredible: adj 不可相信的（前两个含被动意味）；
incredulous: 不轻易相信的（后两个含被动意义）；
credulous: 轻信的，易受骗的；
unimaginable: 不能想象的，想不到的，难以理解的
credible: adj 可信的；
assessable, incredible, negligible, identifiable
assessable: 可估价的，可征收的
incredible: 难以置信的，惊人的
negligible: 可以忽略的，不予重视的
identifiable: 可以确定的
adj. 难以置信的，惊人的
 - tremendous, unbelievable, spectacular, fabulous

Word: bandwidth
Front: bandwidth
[ˈbændwɪdθ] (12921/27339)
Back: n. 带宽
分布：频带宽度(77%)，通带宽度(23%)
noun countable usually singular
■the amount of information that can be sent between computers, through a telephone wire, etc. 频宽
• The system will handle not only telephone calls and data messages but other signals that need high bandwidth, for instance those that encode TV pictures. 这个系统不仅可以处理电话和数据讯息，还可以处理其他需要高频宽的讯号，比如编码压缩过的电视图像讯号。
• high bandwidth services/applications 高频宽服务／应用
■the range of frequencies used to send information over a distance using telephone wires 频带
■in radio, the width of a particular waveband 波段宽度

Word: backbone
Front: backbone
[ˈbækbəʊn] (六托 9733/9598 -1)
Back: n. 脊梁骨，脊椎; 分水岭; 支柱; 决心，毅力
分布：骨干(78%)，毅力(8%)，脊骨(7%)，骨气(7%)
US [-boʊn] noun
CENTRAL SUPPORT 中枢，骨干
countable
■the line of bones down the centre of the back that provides support for the body; the spine 脊骨，脊椎
• She stood with her backbone rigid. 她直挺挺地站着。
the backbone of sth
■the most important part of something, providing support for everything else 主要成分；支柱；中枢
• Farming and cattle-raising are the backbone of the country's economy. 农业和畜牧业是这个国家的经济支柱。
UK ['bæk.bəʊn] US [-boʊn] noun
STRENGTH 力量
uncountable
■bravery and strength of character 勇气；骨气；刚毅；毅力
• [+ to infinitive] Will he have the backbone to tell them what he thinks? 他有胆量把自己的想法告诉他们吗？
bravery, courage, nerve, backbone
这组词都有“勇气、胆量”的意思，其区别是：
bravery: 指在危险中表现出的无所畏惧精神或在逆境中仍能坚持下去的毅力。
courage: 普通用词。指面对危险或困难时无所畏惧的精神和敢于奋斗的进取心。
nerve: 侧重指面临危险或在冒险的情况下具有冷静、清醒的头脑和坚定无畏的勇气。
backbone: 指性格倔强，意志坚定，有骨气，有顽强的决心去做某事。
n. 支柱；主干网；决心，毅力；脊椎
 - leg, determination, decision, resolution, stay

Word: alternate
Front: alternate
[ɔ:lˈtɜ:nət] (研六托雅宝 7396/9515 -2)
Vocabulary: alternate
(once / 153 pages)
1v 2vnadj 3adj
On a checkerboard, black squares alternate with white ones. As a verb, alternate means to do something in turns. As a noun, an alternate is a replacement.
While the noun and verb seem not to mean the same thing, think of it this way: If you are brought on in a game to be someone's alternate, you are there to take their turn. Alternate can also be used as an adjective, meaning different or other. An alternate view of history is one that looks at the past from an uncommon perspective. Pay attention to the pronunciation of alternate: as a verb the end is pronounced "-nāt" and as a noun or adjective "-nət."
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
alternate / alternative
To alternate is to take turns; an alternative is an option. When you wear your checkered blazer, the black and white squares alternate. But if you're not feeling like an '80s guitar hero, the green plaid jacket is a nice alternative.
Alternate can act a noun, verb, or an adjective, that nut. As a noun, it's a substitute, like the alternate who takes over for you in a game or in a jury:
Several, including alternates, have taken notes and kept lists of evidence. (Washington Post)
As a verb it refers to the act of something going back and forth:
So it went on all day—heavy showers that lasted for a few minutes alternating with brief, bright intervals. (Mrs. Herbert Strang)
As an adjective, it describes two options taken in turns:
The alternate jersey will have an interlocking SD on the left chest. (Washington Post)
Alternative can be an adjective or noun, too. As an adjective it describes something available as another choice, including alternative lifestyles. As a noun, it means one of two or more choices. Here are some alternative sentences:
Some harriers have evolved an alternative lifestyle — cross-dressing. (New York Times)
Diaspora, an alternative to Facebook, was founded by four New York University students in 2010. (Washington Post)
People often say alternate when they mean alternative, maybe because it's shorter. No one's going to freak out if you mix them up, but use alternate for what those checkerboard squares do on your rock star blazer, and save alternative to describe the music it makes you want to crank up.
WORD FAMILY
alternate: alternated, alternately, alternates, alternating, alternatingly, alternation, alternative +/alternation: alternations/ alternative: alternatively, alternatives
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s sort of an alternate version of Proksch’s own story, a version that corresponds more closely with reality than what happened to him.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
On December 4th, the Army Corps announced that it would look for an alternate route.
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
The archive contains typescripts of his novels, often affixed with alternate titles.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 轮流的; 交替的; 间隔的; 代替的
vi. 交替; 轮流
vt. 使交替; 使轮流
n. 〈美〉（委员）代理人; 候补者; 替换物
时态：alternated, alternating, alternates
分布：交替(60%)，轮流(20%)，交替的(10%)，间隔的(5%)，轮流的(3%)，代替者(1%)，供替代的选择(1%)
→alter, 改变，轮流。字母n, 插入鼻音字母，方便读音。
a.交替的,轮流的v.(使)交替,(使)轮流The tilted salt filters halt alternately for altering.倾斜的盐过滤器交替地停下以便改造.
US [ˈɑːl.ţə˞-]
 ADVANCED intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to happen or exist one after the other repeatedly 轮流，交替
• She alternated between cheerfulness and deep despair. 她时而情绪亢奋，时而又深陷绝望之中。
 ADVANCED transitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to make something happen or exist one after the other repeatedly 使轮流，使交替
• He alternated working in the office with long tours overseas. 他在办公室工作一段时间后就会安排一次海外长途旅行。
adjective [before noun] UK [ɒlˈtɜː.nət] US [ɑːlˈtɜ˞ː-/
■with first one thing, then another thing, and then the first thing again 轮流的，交替的
• a dessert with alternate layers of chocolate and cream 巧克力和鲜奶油层叠的甜点
■If something happens on alternate days, it happens every second day 间隔的；每隔（…时间）的
• Private cars are banned from the city on alternate days. 该市私家车限隔日出行。
US (UK alternative)
■An alternate plan or method is one that you can use if you do not want to use another one. 供选择的，供替换的
vi. 交替；轮流
 - turn by one's, take one's turn
vt. 使交替；使轮流
 - rotate
adj. [物] 交替的；轮流的
 - rotary, vicissitudinary
n. 替换物
 - refill

Word: bucket
Front: bucket
[ˈbʌkɪt] (高研四六雅宝 4812/4494 -2)
Vocabulary: bucket
(once / 634 pages)
nv
An open, round container with a handle is a bucket. You might take a bucket and shovel to the beach for making sand castles.
Buckets are usually made of metal or plastic, and are typically used to carry liquids. A dairy farmer might catch milk in a metal bucket, announcing at the end of the morning, "I got six buckets of milk!" The expression "to kick the bucket" means to die — this particular meaning might stem from the French buquet, "balance," a beam that was used for hanging slaughtered animals.
WORD FAMILY
bucket: bucketed, bucketful, bucketing, buckets, bucketting+/bucketful: bucketfuls
USAGE EXAMPLES
Also on his retirement bucket list: a boat tour of Crater Lake and an overnight stay at the park lodge.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Wilson finished with a game-high 21 points after being held to two buckets in the first half.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
The fire department tweeted a photo of firefighters dousing the roof from a firetruck’s elevated bucket.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 水桶; 一桶（的量）; 大量; 〈俚〉交通工具
v. 用桶装，用桶运; 倾盆而下; 〈美俚〉骗; 猛开车，猛划船
时态：bucketed, bucketing, buckets
分布：大量(44%)，下倾盆大雨(28%)，颠簸行进(14%)，装在桶里(14%)
→来自PIE *bheu, 膨胀，鼓起来。词源同boast.
n.水桶,吊桶The lucky duck tucked in truck suddenly sucked the gas from the bucket.塞在卡车里的幸运鸭子突然从桶里吸汽油.
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a container with an open top and a handle, often used for carrying liquids （有把手的）桶
• Armed with a bucket and a mop, I started washing the floor. 提着桶和拖把，我开始拖地板。
• I took my two-year old nephew down to the beach with his bucket and spade. 我带两岁的小外甥去海滩，他拿着自己的小桶和铲子。
['bʌk.ɪt] noun countable
in buckets informal
■in great amounts 大量地
• The rain came down in buckets. 天下起了倾盆大雨。
['bʌk.ɪt] noun countable
sweat buckets informal
■to sweat a lot 汗流浃背，大汗淋漓
• It was my first interview and I was sweating buckets. 那是我第一次面试，我紧张得大汗淋漓。
['bʌk.ɪt] noun countable
weep buckets UK (US cry buckets) informal
■to cry a lot 大哭；泪如泉涌
• That was such a sad film - I wept buckets at the end of it. 那部电影太令人伤感了——结束时我哭得像个泪人儿似的。
['bʌk.ɪt] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  bucket down UK informal
■to rain heavily 大雨滂沱
• It's absolutely bucketing down. 正在下倾盆大雨。
n. 桶，水桶； [机] 铲斗；一桶的量
 - barrel, pail
v. 倾盆而下；颠簸着行进
 - pour down

Word: cajole
Front: cajole
[kəˈdʒəʊl] (宝 19154/19954 -1)
Vocabulary: cajole
(once / 2719 pages)
v
To cajole someone is to persuade them by using insincere compliments or promises. If you say "Please, pretty-please, I'll be your best friend," when asking for a stick of gum, you are cajoling the gum holder.
The origin of this word is probably a blend of two French words meaning "to chatter like a jaybird" and "to lure into a cage." When you cajole that guy into lending you some money, picture him as the bird going into the cage. In fact, the word cajole may be associated with another French word meaning "to put in jail."
WORD FAMILY
cajole: cajoled, cajolery, cajoles, cajoling+/cajolery: cajoleries/cajoling: cajolingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was founded in 2010 to try to cajole, pressure and embarrass both federal and local governments into providing government-guaranteed treatment.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
He tried everything to change Conn’s institutional mind, even creating a hashtag, #talktothehaggler, and asking readers to cajole the company through a deluge of tweets.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
She could also use the bully pulpit and her influence with conservative foundations to cajole governors to embrace vouchers.
Economist(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: vt. 劝诱，以甜言蜜语哄骗
vt. & vi. 勾引
时态：cajoled, cajoling, cajoles
分布：动词(88%)，名词(12%)
→co-, 强调。-jole, 同jay, 松鸦，俚语义傻瓜。
【记】caj＝cage笼子，jole＝jail监狱－把鸟、人诱入（笼子、监狱）－哄骗；
【参】cajolery（n 甜言蜜语，诱骗，谄媚＝coaxing）
US [-'dʒoʊl] verb intransitive or transitive
■to persuade someone to do something they might not want to do, by pleasant talk and (sometimes false) promises 劝诱；哄骗，诱骗
• He really knows how to cajole people into doing what he wants. 他精于哄骗人们为他做事。
• I managed to cajole her out of leaving too early. 我设法说服了她不要过早离开。
• The most effective technique is to cajole rather than to threaten. 最有效的方法是劝诱而不是威胁。
vt. 以甜言蜜语哄骗；勾引
 - accost

Word: bunker
Front: bunker
[ˈbʌŋkə(r)] (6726/10463 -2)
Back: n. 燃料库; 地堡; 沙坑
v. 把（煤等）堆入舱内; 使陷入困境; 把球击入沙坑
时态：bunkered, bunkering, bunkers
分布：煤仓(76%)，陷入穷境(12%)，击入沙坑(12%)
→词源不详，可能来自bunk, 铺位。
US [-kɚ] noun countable
SHELTER 掩蔽处
■a shelter, usually underground, that has strong walls to protect the people inside it from bullets and bombs 掩体；地堡
UK ['bʌŋ.kər] US [-kɚ] noun countable
GOLF 高尔夫 (US also sand trap)
■in the game of golf, a hollow area of ground filled with sand, that is difficult to hit a ball out of （高尔夫球场上的）沙坑
n. 沙坑；煤仓；燃料库
 - jumping pit, sandpit
vt. 使陷入困境；把球击入沙坑
 - embog

Word: definitive
Front: definitive
[dɪˈfɪnətɪv] (托雅宝 6616/7809 -2)
Vocabulary: definitive
(once / 2214 pages)
adj
A definitive answer is a final one. A definitive decision by a court of law is one that will not be changed. A definitive translation is one everyone turns to as correct. Definitive means authoritative, conclusive, final.
Be careful not to confuse definitive with definite. Definite means clearly defined. You can have a definite opinion that JFK could not have been assassinated by a lone gunman, but the definitive interpretation remains that of the Warren Commission Report, which held there was only one.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
definitely / definitively
Use definitely and definitively when there's no doubt, but save definitely for emphasis and definitively for the final say. If you definitely want to go to a party, but your mom definitively says no, then you aren't going. Quit asking.
Definitely means something is definite — it's unmistakable and clearly defined. It's definitely getting warmer on this planet. It can also mean, "Sure" or "Yes" in response to a question. Would you like cake? Definitely! If you forget how to spell it, just think definite plus -ly (keep the e). Here are some examples of definitely in action:
'No, you don't fail,' he assures her. 'You definitely pass.' (Washington Post)
It's best to wear comfy footwear, and definitely not heels, as their spikes can get stuck in the wooden walkway. (Washington Post)
I definitely felt like a little child again, doing the things I love to do, which is play hockey. (Los Angeles Times)
Definitively is a stronger word — anything definitive is official or conclusive. If a doctor gives you a definitive diagnosis, you know exactly what's wrong. It's not a promise that something will happen; it's a done deal. Just add -ly for definitively (once again, keep the e), to say things like, The court has ruled definitively in favor of the defendant. Here are more examples:
They are obsessed with them—especially the kind that are never definitively solved. (Time)
Since 2007, the government has eluded its responsibility and has now invented this farce of a discovery to definitively seize the property. (Los Angeles Times)
It is hard to say definitively, because Apple didn't provide exact figures for comparison. (Wall Street Journal)
As you can see, while there are definitely similarities between these two words, they are at heart definitively different! And that's final.
WORD FAMILY
definitive: definitively+/ definite: definitely, definiteness, definitive, indefinite / indefinite: indefinitely, indefiniteness, indefinity
USAGE EXAMPLES
Everyone should read “Stamped from the Beginning: The Definitive History of Racist Ideas in America,” which shows how racism adapts to every anti-racist victory.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The test neither definitively proves nor disproves residents’ belief about the new trains.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
First, across the industry, each poll's top-line number was reported as definitive.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 最后的; 确定的，决定性的; 不可更改的; 限定的，明确的
n. 限定词
分布：明确的(36%)，确定的(31%)，决定性的(15%)，权威性的(12%)，限定词(6%)
决定性的(define+itive)[fin=end,boundary,表示"结束,范围"]
确定的(difine下定义)[-itive表形容词"…的"]
【反】provisional（临时的）
US [-ə.tˌɪv] adjective
■not able to be changed or improved; final, complete, or best 毫无疑问的，确凿的；最终的；彻底的；最好的
• a definitive judgment/ruling 最终判决
• There are no definitive answers/solutions to this problem. 这个问题没有彻底的解决办法。
• The police have no definitive proof of her guilt. 员警并未掌握她犯罪的确凿证据。
• He's written the definitive (= best and most complete) guide to Britain's Lake District. 他写出了最完美的英国湖区指南。
n. 限定词
 - determinator, qualifier
adj. 决定性的；最后的；限定的
 - crucial, critical, final, finishing, decisive

Word: hazardous
Front: hazardous
[ˈhæzədəs] (六托雅宝 5358/7008 -1)
Vocabulary: hazardous
(once / 1167 pages)
adj
The noun "hazard" means something dangerous, and the adjective hazardous refers to anything that involves danger. A golf course with lots of sand traps is especially hazardous for golfers. That's why those traps are called hazards.
If your car blows a tire in the middle of the night, make sure to turn on your hazard lights. Being invisible to other drivers is hazardous to everyone, especially yourself. Life is, by definition, hazardous. It's full of dangers, both obvious and otherwise. Acknowledge that fact and keep going anyway. If you spend all your time focusing on what's hazardous, you end up missing all the wonderful things in life.
WORD FAMILY
hazardous: hazardously, hazardousness, unhazardous+/ hazard: hazarded, hazarding, hazardous, hazards
USAGE EXAMPLES
The mines are hazardous to off-road vehicle users, hikers and others who explore the area.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
County inspectors found hazardous materials that were not labeled and toxic materials that were not properly reported to the state and employees.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Large parts of the country's northern regions were hit by hazardous smog in mid-December, which led authorities to order hundreds of factories to close.
Reuters(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 冒险的; 有危险的; 碰运气的
adv. 冒险地，有危险地
n. 冒险，危险
分布：危险的(63%)，冒险的(25%)，碰运气的(12%)
→来自hazard,危险，危害。
US [-ɚ-] adjective
■dangerous 危险的
• a hazardous journey/occupation 危险的旅行／职业
adj. 有危险的；冒险的；碰运气的
 - risky, jeopardous

Word: dwelling
Front: dwelling
[ˈdwelɪŋ] (研四六托宝 8213/4597 -1)
Vocabulary: dwelling
(once / 234 pages)
n
A dwelling is a home — where someone lives. Houses, apartments, and condos are all dwellings.
If you know that to dwell means to live somewhere, then the meaning of dwelling won't be a surprise: it's an abode, domicile, or home. Your dwelling might be a house or an apartment. Tents, trailers, and igloos are all dwellings. Anything people live in is a dwelling. If you have no dwelling, then you have no shelter and you're probably homeless.
WORD FAMILY
dwelling: dwellings+/ dwell: dwelled, dweller, dwelling, dwells, dwelt, indwell/dweller: dwellers/indwell: indweller, indwelling, indwells, indwelt/indweller: indwellers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The red rock lands are home to an estimated 100,000 archaeological sites, including intact ancient cliff dwellings that attract visitors from around the world.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
It will protect the estimated 100,000 archaeological sites in the area including ancient cliff dwellings.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
A coalition of tribes pushed to ensure protections for lands that are home to an estimated 100,000 archaeological sites, including ancient cliff dwellings.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 住处，处所; 寓所; 居住
v. 居住，住( dwell的现在分词)
分布：住宅(70%)，住处(30%)
n.住宅,寓所A dormitory is the typical dwelling of a college student.
formal
noun countable
■a house or place to live in 房屋，住所，住处
• There is an estimated shortfall of some five million dwellings across the country. 据估计全国缺少约500万套房屋。
home, building, residence, shelter, dwelling, habitation, house
这组词都有“居住处”的意思，其区别是：
home: 指永久住家时，带有家庭所特有的温暖、情感等气息。
building: 泛指一切建筑物，不限于居住的房子。
residence: 指大而堂皇的寓所或公馆，也指法律上的居住点。
shelter: 可指长期或临时的住处，也指简陋或临时搭建的躲避风雨的场所。
dwelling: 正式用词，仅指人们居住的任何建筑物。
habitation: 指长久或固定的住所或居住地。
house: 中性词，泛指一切供居住的建筑物，尤指适合一家一户居住的房屋。
home, dwelling, shelter, household, family, house, lodging
home: 家，带有感情色彩
dwelling: 住所，公寓
shelter: 庇护处（收容所，庇护所）
household: 抽象的家庭，并含有家事，家务之意
family: 家庭，指组成家庭的成员
house: 房屋，住宅
lodging: 寄宿处
n. 住处；寓所
 - residence, accommodation
v. 居住（dwell的现在分词）
 - living

Word: rancher
Front: rancher
[ˈrɑ:ntʃə(r)] (托 7473/34437)
Back: n. 大牧场主; 大农场工人，牧场工人; 牧屋
分布：大牧场主(60%)，大牧场工人(40%)
US ['ræn.tʃɚ] noun countable
■someone who owns or works on a ranch 大牧场主（或工人）；大农场主（或工人）

Word: misdeed
Front: misdeed
[ˌmɪsˈdi:d] (雅 17551/23353)
Vocabulary: misdeed
(once / 2854 pages)
n
A misdeed is a type of bad behavior, especially behavior that's immoral. If you get caught stealing someone’s lunch, you’ll be punished for your misdeed.
A deed is an action, and a misdeed is a specific type of action. It’s one that's wicked, unethical, illegal, or just plain wrong. It’s the opposite of a good deed. Cheating on a test is a misdeed. So is cheating on your spouse. Stealing is a misdeed, as is any other crime. Politicians get caught in scandals when their misdeeds are discovered, such as lying or taking bribes. It’s from the Old English misdæd for "sin, evil.”
WORD FAMILY
misdeed: misdeeds+/ deed: deeds, misdeed
USAGE EXAMPLES
But Clinton’s misdeeds were not limited to the email scandal with which many people are familiar.
Washington Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Another common strategy is to set up hotlines, where nosy neighbours can report suspected misdeeds.
Economist(Oct 14, 2016)
Interestingly, in spite of Russia’s misdeeds, Democratic presidential nominee Hillary Clinton is about 2 million votes ahead in the popular vote.
Washington Post(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: n. 违法行为，罪恶
分布：不端行为(53%)，罪行(47%)
→mis-,坏的，错的，不好的，deed,行为。
noun countable formal
■an act that is criminal or bad 违法行为；罪行；不端行为
• She's been making up for her past misdeeds by doing a lot of voluntary work. 她一直在做大量志愿工作来弥补她过去的罪行。
n. 罪行；犯罪
 - crime, guilt

Word: snub
Front: snub
[snʌb] (宝 17845/16075 -1)
Vocabulary: snub
(once / 1622 pages)
vnadj
To snub is to ignore or refuse to acknowledge someone. If you want to snub your former best friend, you can refuse to even look at her when you pass in the hallway.
When you snub someone, you deliver an insult by pretending to not even notice someone that you know. There’s an element of disdain and rejection to a snub, as if you’re too good to even acknowledge the person. As a noun, a snub is that act of cold rejection. Your former friend probably noticed the snub, and she’ll probably snub you from now on. Snub also means "very short," like the nose on a bulldog.
WORD FAMILY
snub: snubbed, snubbing, snubs
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s ugly to think of popular music as a game that separates winners from losers, inductees from snubs, bestsellers from flops.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
A few days later, he was snubbed by Pro Bowl voters for the seventh time in eight seasons.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Its entire roster was snubbed for Pro Bowl honors.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. 冷落; 拒绝; 挽桩滞缆而刹住（船等）; 掐灭（例如香烟）
n. 冷落，怠慢; 斥责; 突然的停止
adj. （鼻子）短而扁的
时态：snubbed, snubbing, snubs
分布：冷落(59%)，怠慢(31%)，斥责(8%)，止住(2%)
→可能来自辅音丛 sn-,鼻子，闻，嗅，发鼻音，比较 sneer,snore,snicker,sniff,snuff.用于指短平 而上翘的的鼻子，引申动词词义冷落，怠慢等。
【记】读：死牛B！你怎么那么牛B呀，竟敢怠慢我！！
【反】court（v 向…献殷勤；追求）
[snʌb] (-bb-)
verb transitive
■to insult someone by not giving them any attention or treating them as if they are not important 冷落，怠慢
• I think she felt snubbed because Anthony hadn't bothered to introduce himself. 我想她觉得受了冷落，因为安东尼根本没有作自我介绍。
vt. 冷落；严厉斥责；掐灭
 - absent treatment
n. 冷落；斥责；突然的停止
 - denunciation, fetch-up

Word: vex
Front: vex
[veks] (四六托雅宝 17663/19006)
Vocabulary: vex
(once / 282 pages)
v
If something vexes you, it brings you trouble or difficulty. In other words, it annoys, worries, distresses, irritates, bothers, or puzzles you.
Vex can be used as an adjective: for example, a vexing issue is not easily solved. The verb vex, the corresponding adjective vexatious, and the noun vexation are all slightly old-fashioned though still in current use. Vex descends from Middle English vexen, from Middle French vexer, from Latin vexare "to shake, attack, trouble."
WORD FAMILY
vex: vexation, vexed, vexer, vexes, vexing +/ vexation: vexations/ vexed: vexedly/vexer: vexers/ vexing: vexingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Each school received a starter kit and handbook to design and build one VEX brand robot.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
A trial judge’s work, he added, presents many vexing challenges.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Even now the question of why anyone would think he might agree to such a deal continues to vex him.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 使烦恼; 使苦恼; 使生气; 详细讨论
v. 〈诗〉使激荡，使汹涌; 纷纷议论; 长期争论
时态：vexed, vexing, vexes
分布：使恼怒(50%)，使困惑(20%)，使恼火(20%)，烦扰(10%)
→来自拉丁语vexo,摇晃，搅拌，来自gwog,摇动，转，词源同quake,引申义烦恼。
【反】conciliate（v 安慰）；pacify（v 使平静）；appease（v 平息）；soothe（v 使平静）；conciliate（v 安抚）；mollify（v 平息）
[veks] old-fashioned
verb transitive
■to cause difficulty to someone, or to cause someone to feel angry, annoyed or upset 给…惹麻烦；使恼火，使烦恼
• This issue looks likely to continue to vex the government. 这件事看来会继续使政府恼火。
vex, trouble, annoy, disturb, bother, irritate
这组词都有“使人不安或烦恼”的意思，其区别是：
vex: 侧重指因不断的干扰而引起的烦恼，有时含激怒的意味。
trouble: 指给人在行动上带来不便或在身心上造成痛苦。
annoy: 强调因被迫忍受令人不快、讨厌的事而失去平静或耐心，多指一时的打拢或恼怒。
disturb: 较正式用词，多用被动态。指拢乱，使人不能平静或妨碍别人工作、思维或正常秩序，是程度较深的烦恼。
bother: 指使人烦恼而引起的紧张不安或感到不耐烦。
irritate: 语气比annoy强得多，指激怒，使发怒，多指一种短时间的反应。
vt. 使烦恼；使困惑；使恼怒
 - trouble, irk
vi. 烦恼
 - trouble, worry, bother about

Word: sporadic
Front: sporadic
[spəˈrædɪk] (托雅宝 11539/11284 -1)
Vocabulary: sporadic
(once / 3373 pages)
adj
Sporadic is an adjective that you can use to refer to something that happens or appears often, but not constantly or regularly. The mail carrier comes every day but the plumber's visits are sporadic––he comes as needed.
A specialized use of sporadic is to describe a disease that appears only occasionally in random cases, and is therefore not an epidemic. English borrowed the word sporadic from Greek sporadikós "scattered." A very near synonym is intermittent.
WORD FAMILY
sporadic: sporadically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Among the hurdles: the sporadic nature of outbreaks and funding shortages.
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
The highway there is beset by fighting and sporadic insurgent checkpoints.
The Guardian(Dec 15, 2016)
Peace negotiations between the government and Kurdish militants collapsed in 2015, triggering nearly a year and a half of sporadic violence.
Time(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: adj. 不定时发生的，时有时无的; 零星的，分散的; 哩哩啦啦
分布：零星的(89%)，不定时发生的(11%)
→来自 spore,孢子，-adic,形容词后缀。即孢子状的，引申词义间发性的，断断续续的等。
【记】spor＝sper发散，散发，adic：发散的－不定期的
【反】chronic（adj 长期持续的）；regular（adj 规则的；定期的）；frequent（adj 时常发生的）
adjective
■happening sometimes; not regular or continuous 偶尔发生的；阵发性的；断断续续的
• sporadic gunfire 零星的炮火
• a sporadic electricity supply 不稳定的电力供应
• More than 100 people have been killed this year in sporadic outbursts of ethnic violence. 今年有超过100人在零星爆发的种族暴力中丧生。
adj. 零星的；分散的；不定时发生的
 - scattered, dispersive

Word: worthless
Front: worthless
[ˈwɜ:θləs] (高四六 8848/9506 -1)
Vocabulary: worthless
(once / 631 pages)
1adj 2adj
If you have your antique pearl necklace appraised by a jeweler and learn that it's a worthless fake, you'll be terribly disappointed, since something that's worthless has no monetary value.
Use the adjective worthless to describe something that has no use or isn't worth any money. Your old broken-down car, a stamp collection with no value, and your no-good roommate who never cleans and won't pay his share of the rent could all be described as worthless. The roots are the Old English words weorð, "equal in value to," and leas, "devoid of."
WORD FAMILY
worthless: worthlessly, worthlessness +/unworthiness: unworthinesses/unworthy: unworthily, unworthiness/ worth: self-worth, worthful, worthless, worths, worthy /worthiness: worthinesses/ worthlessness: worthlessnesses/ worthy: unworthy, worthier, worthies, worthiest, worthily, worthiness, worthyly
USAGE EXAMPLES
If we must prove our worth, it is possible to be worthless.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Some saw vast amounts of untaxed holdings suddenly rendered worthless.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
This year, a legislative audit essentially found that both the latter bodies are worthless.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 无价值的，不值钱的; 卑微的; 不足取的，不足道的; 不足轻重
分布：无价值的(75%)，无用的(23%)，可鄙的(2%)
US ['wɝ:θ-] adjective
NO MONEY 不值钱的
■having no value in money 无价值的；不值钱的
• The company's shares are now virtually worthless shares. 那家公司的股票实际上现在已经毫无价值。
• He said the jewels were worthless fakes. 他说这些珠宝是毫无价值的赝品。
UK ['wɜ:θ.ləs] US ['wɝ:θ-] adjective
NOT IMPORTANT 不重要的
■not important or not useful 不重要的；没有价值的
• She was criticised so much by her employers that she began to feel worthless. 她多次受到老板们的批评，因而开始觉得自己一无是处。
worthy be ~ of, worthwhile, worth be ~ sth/doing, worthless
worthy be ~ of: 够得上，值得
worthwhile: 值得花时间的，值得做的
worth be ~ sth/doing: 值得
worthless: 无价值的
worthwhile, worthless, worth, worthy
worthwhile: 值得的(可作定语和表语)。如：That is a worthwhile program.(那是一个值得听的节目。)So few movies are worthwhile nowadays.(当今有价值的电影很少。)
worthless: 无价值的，无用的(可作定语和表语，无比较级)。如：These stamps are worthless.(这些邮票无价值。)Don’t read worthless books.(不要读些没用的书。)
worth: 值……钱，值得……的。如：This house is worth a lot of money.(这房值很多钱。)The radio program is worth listening to. (这广播节目值得听。)
worthy: (1)有价值的，可尊敬的(常作定语)。如：The teacher was a worthy man.(那位老师是可尊敬的人。)(2)值得的(常作表语)。如：The man is worthy of praise.(这人值得称赞。)它的动词句式是be worthy to be done (be worth doing).
adj. 无价值的；不值钱的；卑微的
 - cheap, valueless

Word: impeach
Front: impeach
[ɪmˈpi:tʃ] (托宝 13892/26335 -1)
Vocabulary: impeach
(once / 953 pages)
v
Impeach means to charge someone with doing something wrong, specifically a high government official, such as the US president, a senator, or a Federal judge. Fortunately, very few presidents have had the dishonor of being impeached.
Impeach comes from the Latin impedicare "catch, entangle." If you can remember that impeach is closely related to impede, which means to slow or hinder, all you have to think of is, "Stop, thief!" to remember that impeach has to do with crime and not with stone fruit.
WORD FAMILY
impeach: impeachability, impeached, impeaches, impeaching, impeachment, unimpeachable +/ impeachment: impeachments/ unimpeachable: unimpeachably
USAGE EXAMPLES
South Korea’s Parliament voted on Dec. 9 to impeach President Park Geun-hye over a corruption scandal.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Park was impeached by parliament early last year, a decision that must be upheld or rejected by the Constitutional Court.
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
She is suspended from power while the Constitutional Court considers whether the parliamentary motion to impeach her was constitutional.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. 控告（某人）犯罪; 弹劾; 对（某事物）怀疑; 提出异议
时态：impeached, impeaching, impeaches
分布：弹劾(67%)，控告(18%)，怀疑(10%)，归咎(5%)
→来自古法语empeechier,来自拉丁语impedicare,抓住，锁上脚链，im-,进入，使，pedica,脚链，词源同foot,expedite.原义为阻止，防止，后引申词义控告，弹劾。
【记】peach（n 桃子vt 告发）peach原指桃子，后来因为猴子吃了桃子后就会透露它所知道的信息，所以有了告发的意思。
【参】impeachment（n 弹劾，控告；怀疑）
verb transitive
■to make a formal statement saying that a public official is guilty of a serious offence in connection with their job, especially in the US （尤指在美国）控告，弹劾（公职人员）
• The governor was impeached for wrongful use of state money. 州长因滥用本州公帑而遭到弹劾。
vt. 弹劾；归咎；怀疑
 - dispute, question, wonder
n. 控告，检举；弹劾；怀疑
 - doubt, challenge, charge, prosecution, accusation

Word: euphoria
Front: euphoria
[ju:ˈfɔ:riə] (宝 12596/11548 -1)
Vocabulary: euphoria
(once / 9983 pages)
n
Use euphoria to describe a feeling of great happiness and well-being, but know that euphoria often more than that––it's unusually, crazy happy, over the top.
Euphoria can even be classified as a mental illness. The earliest use of euphoria was to describe the relief provided by a medical procedure. The word was borrowed from New Latin, from the Greek word meaning "ability to bear easily, fertility," from euphoros "healthy," from the prefix eu- "good, well" plus pherein "to bear."
WORD FAMILY
euphoria
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was strong and cheap and though it produced little euphoria, it lasted a long time, users reported in online forums.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
“I’m being honest, when it’s over, the euphoria is incredible,” said one swimmer.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
With the reduction of dopamine receptors, the person needs more and more of her favored substance to produce the euphoria it once offered her.
New York Times(Oct 12, 2016)
Back: n. 精神欢快; 幸福感; 欣快
分布：幸福愉快感(100%)
→eu-, 好的。-phor, 带来，词源同bring, infer, phosphorus.
幸福愉快感(eu+phor带来＋ia→带来美好→愉快)[eu-表示"好,优秀"]
愉快感;欣快症(eu美好+phor+ia病→带来美好的病→欣快症)[phor=bring,表示"带来"]
欣快症(eu好+phor带来+ia)[-ia 1.表名词"某种病"2.表名词"总称,状态"]
【记】eu好，phor带来，ia病－带来好的病－欣快症
【参】semaphore（n 旗语；信号灯）
US [-'fɔ:r.i-] noun uncountable
■extreme happiness, sometimes more than is reasonable in a particular situation 狂喜；亢奋；异常兴奋
• They were in a state of euphoria for days after they won the prize. 获奖之后一连几天他们都处于亢奋状态。
n. 精神欢快， [临床] 欣快；兴高采烈；欣快症；幸福愉快感
 - elation, gaiety

Word: championship
Front: championship
[ˈtʃæmpiənʃɪp] (托宝 2326/1874 -4)
Vocabulary: championship
(once / 293 pages)
1n 2n
A championship is a contest where a champion — an ultimate winner — is decided.
Champions are the top winners: only one football or baseball team earns the title of champion in a year. The championship is the contest that decides who will be champion. The Super Bowl is a championship. And so are the World Series, the Stanley Cup Finals, and the NBA Finals. Although championship is most often used in sports, you will also hear about the spelling bee championships or chess championships. When you win a championship, you're number one in your field.
WORD FAMILY
championship: championships+/ champion: championed, championing, champions, championship
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It kind of left a bad taste in our mouth after the Big Ten championship game,” Edwards said.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Championship rings ordered in shape of Bill Belichick’s giant brain.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Only the national championship game was selling for more.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 锦标赛; 锦标，优胜，冠军称号; 拥护者[支持者，提倡者]的身分; 保持冠军称号的时期
分布：冠军(82%)，锦标赛(17%)，拥护(1%)
→champion, 冠军。-ship, 名词后缀，见friendship.
noun
COMPETITION 比赛
 IMPROVER countable
■a high-level competition to decide who is the best, especially in a sport （尤指体育比赛的）冠军赛，锦标赛
• the British Diving Championship 英国跳水锦标赛
• The world championships will be held in Scotland next year. 世界锦标赛将于明年在苏格兰举行。
• He has been playing championship tennis for three years now. 他参加网球锦标赛至今已有三年了。
countable
■the position of being a champion 冠军地位；冠军称号
• She has held the championship for the past three years. 在过去三年里她一直保持着冠军称号。
['tʃæm.pi.ən.ʃɪp] noun
SUPPORT 拥护
uncountable
■the support someone gives to a person, belief, right or principle 拥护者；卫士，捍卫者；斗士
n. 锦标赛；冠军称号；冠军的地位
 - tournament

Word: murphy
Front: murphy
['mɜ:fɪ] (-/5798)
Back: n. <俚>土豆，马铃薯
分布：马铃薯(100%)
n. 马铃薯，土豆
 - white potato, tater

Word: redistribute
Front: redistribute
[ˌri:dɪˈstrɪbju:t] (15327/14764 -1)
Vocabulary: redistribute
(once / 846 pages)
v
Redistribute is a verb that means to distribute something again. If one poker player gets too many cards and another gets too few, the dealer should probably shuffle again and redistribute the cards evenly.
You may recall the story of Robin Hood, who took it upon himself to "redistribute the wealth" by stealing from the rich and giving to the poor. Well, in conversations about contemporary economics the word redistribute is often used to complain about taxes, which are often higher for people who have more money.
WORD FAMILY
redistribute: redistributed, redistributes, redistributing, redistribution +/distributary: distributaries/ distribute: distributary, distributed, distributer, distributes, distributing, distribution, distributive, distributor, redistribute / distributed: undistributed/distributer: distributers/ distribution: distributional, distributions/ distributive: distributively/ distributor: distributors/ redistribution: redistributions
USAGE EXAMPLES
Fifteen others are accused of helping redistribute heroin.
Washington Times(Dec 14, 2016)
They disagree about how much regulation is best and to what degree, if any, government should redistribute wealth.
The Guardian(Dec 13, 2016)
Segregation ended, current residents say proudly, and the homes were redistributed as Mr. Castro’s socialism sought to flatten class and racial hierarchies.
New York Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: vt. 重新分配; 再分配
时态：redistributed, redistributing, redistributes
分布：重新分配(93%)，再区分(7%)
→re-,再，重新，distribute,分配。
verb transitive
■to share out differently from before, especially in a fairer way （尤指更加公平地）重新分配，再分发，重新分派
• As president he would redistribute the country's wealth. 作为总统，他将重新分配国家财富。
vt. 重新分配；再区分
 - reapportion, agrarianize

Word: snipe
Front: snipe
[snaɪp] (17505/20250 -1)
Back: n. 狙击; [鸟]鹬，沙锥鸟; <美俚>烟屁股，香烟头; 可鄙的人
vt. 狙击; 打沙锥鸟; 中伤; 暗害
vi. 伏击，狙击; 猎鸟; 诽谤; 中伤
时态：sniped, sniping, snipes
分布：狙击(40%)，抨击(18%)，鹬(16%)，沙锥(14%)，伏击(9%)，卑鄙的人(3%)
→来自古诺斯语-snipe,如 myrisnipa,即 moor snipe,沼泽沙锥鸟，词源不详，可能与 snip 有词源
verb intransitive
■to shoot at someone from a position where you cannot be seen 伏击；狙击
• The rebels have started sniping at civilians. 反叛者开始狙击平民。
■to criticize someone unpleasantly 诽谤，恶意攻击
• The former minister has been making himself unpopular recently, sniping at his ex-colleagues. 最近这位前部长因恶意攻击以前的同事而大失人心。
[snaɪp] noun countable (plural snipe or snipes)
■a bird with a long straight beak which lives near rivers and marshes (= low land that is wet and sometimes covered with water) 沙锥（喙长而直，栖息于江河沼泽地区）
n. [军] 狙击； [鸟] 鹬；香烟屁股；被开玩笑的人物
 - sandpiper
vi. 狙击； [军] 伏击；抨击；猎鸟；诽谤
 - game bird, fling at

Word: sickly
Front: sickly
[ˈsɪkli] (13802/13983 -1)
Back: adj. 有病的; 苍白的; 疾病流行的; 令人作呕的
v. 使现病容; 使苍白
级别：sicklier, sickliest
分布：令人作呕的(50%)，病弱的(20%)，使成苍白色(10%)，无精打采的(10%)，使成病态(10%)
→sick,生病的，-ly,形容词后缀。
adjective
ILL 有病的
■weak, unhealthy and often ill 虚弱的；多病的
• a sickly child/plant 多病的孩子／弱小的植物
• Her face was a sickly colour when she came out of the dentist's. 离开牙医诊所时，她满面病容。
['sɪk.li] adjective
VOMIT 呕吐 disapproving
■causing a slight feeling of wanting to vomit 令人作呕的；令人恶心的
• A sickly smell of decaying fish came from the dirty river. 肮脏的河里发散出一股令人恶心的腐鱼的腥臭味。
• The chocolate cake was sickly sweet (= too sweet). 巧克力蛋糕甜得发腻。
■disapproving
■emotional, in an embarrassing way 过分煽情的
• His books are sometimes accused of sickly sentimentality. 他的书有时因为过于多愁善感而受到批评。
adj. 有病的，苍白的；疾病流行的；令人作呕的
 - gray, wan
adv. 病态地
 - morbidly, diseasedly

Word: wilder
Front: wilder
[ˈwildə] (-/26472)
Back: v. （使）迷失，（使）困惑
adj. 狂热的( wild的比较级 ); 强烈的; 野生的; 对…狂热[着魔]的
分布：误导(100%)
vt. 使迷惑；使迷途
 - bemuddle, enchant
vi. 迷失；迷惑
 - puzzle

Word: deflationary
Front: deflationary
[ˌdi:'fleɪʃənrɪ] (33298/27301)
Back: adj. 放出空气的，通货紧缩的，物价低廉（尤指成本不降低时的反常情形）的
分布：通货紧缩的(100%)

Word: doll
Front: doll
[dɒl] (中高研托 3823/5101 -2)
Vocabulary: doll
(once / 422 pages)
n
A doll is a toy that looks like a small person, often a baby. When kids play with dolls, they might dress them up, push them in toy strollers, and have pretend tea parties with them.
Some dolls are the size of real babies and are played with in a way that's a kind of practice parenting — like pretending to feed and bathe a doll. Other dolls are much smaller and represent people of varying ages, like a family of dolls that are played with in a doll house, sitting at little tables and sleeping in tiny beds. The word doll is also an old-fashioned, slightly offensive term for a woman, especially one who's young and pretty.
WORD FAMILY
doll: dolls
USAGE EXAMPLES
But why are black dolls and toys absent from the shelves of many stores in the UK?
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
In fact, she unearthed a series of pasts, each concealing another like a matryoshka doll.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
For unopened toys such as Lego sets or American Doll dresses, try the Brian’s Toys website.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. （口技演员使用的）木偶; 玩偶; 纨绔子弟; 漂亮的姑娘
vt. 把…打扮漂亮
分布：玩具娃娃(85%)，打扮(7%)，美貌女子(4%)，有吸引力的人(4%)
→来自Dorothy的昵称，用来指玩偶。比较Teddy Bear.
n.玩偶,玩具娃娃The little girl is playing with a doll.小女孩正在玩洋娃娃.
US [dɑ:l] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a child's toy in the shape of a small person or baby 玩具娃娃，玩偶
UK [dɒl] US [dɑ:l] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [R] doll yourself up often disapproving
■If a woman dolls herself up, she tries to make herself more attractive by putting on make-up and special clothes 打扮，化妆
• I'm not going to doll myself up just to go to the shops. 我不会就为了去趟商店而特意打扮一番。
dolled up
    UK [ˌdɒldˈʌp] US [ˌdɑːld-] adjective [after verb] informal 2. She spent two hours getting dolled up for the party. 为了参加派对，她花了两个小时的时间化妆。
n. 洋娃娃；玩偶；无头脑的美丽女人
 - babydoll, Living Doll