Title: TheEconomist_6K-8K (part 2)

Word: detach
Front: detach
[dɪˈtætʃ] (研六托雅宝 10420/7536 -1)
Vocabulary: detach
(once / 256 pages)
v
If you separate one thing from another, you are detaching it. As a newborn baby, you became familiar with this concept as soon as your umbilical cord was cut!
You can use the word detach to talk about physically pulling two things apart. For example, when your shirt comes back from the dry cleaner missing a few buttons, it’s safe to assume they got detached during the cleaning process. This word is easy to remember when you consider its antonym attach. Once you have attached that election pin to your lapel, you better detach it when your candidate loses!
WORD FAMILY
detach: detachable, detached, detaches, detaching, detachment +/detachable: detachably/ detached: detachedly, semidetached/ detachment: detachments
USAGE EXAMPLES
INCIDENTS: One report of the front wheels detaching from the scooter, resulting in an injury to a child who fell off the scooter.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
But the transmitter eventually detached, likely because of old boat strike scars, so biologists didn’t attach another one.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
A little flat, without emotion, but so detached that it becomes melancholy and instantly nostalgic.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 分离，拆开; 派遣; 分派; 使超然
时态：detached, detaching, detaches
分布：派遣(56%)，拆卸(33%)，使分离(11%)
→de-, 不，非，使相反。-tach, 连接，词源同attach.
分开,拆开(de分开+tach→把钉子上的分开→拆开)[tach=nail表示"钉子"]
vt.分开,分离,分遣,派遣(军队)The bachelor is detached to attach tags to the yacht.学士被派遣去给游艇贴标签.
verb transitive
■to separate or remove something from something else that it is connected to 使分离，使分开；拆掉
• You can detach the hood if you prefer the coat without it. 如果不想要大衣上的帽兜，可以拆掉。
• Detach the lower part of the form from this letter and return it to the above address. 请将表格的下半部分从信中剪下来，并寄到上述位址。
Compare attach
separate, detach, allocate, divide
这组词都有“分开”的意思，其区别是：
separate: v.人为地分开，使隔离开。
 • We separated the salad forks from the dinner forks.   我们把沙拉叉与餐叉分隔开。
detach: v.拆开组合的物体；远离，疏远。
 • We need a carpenter to detach this bookshelf from the wall.   我们需要一名木匠将书架从墙上拆下来。
allocate: v.分配，把……拨给。
 • The city government allocated money for schools and the police in this year's budget.   市政府在今年的预算中给学校和警察部门分配了资金。
divide: v.指将整体分为若干个部分。
 • The huge corporation dividedsintossmaller companies.   这家特大公司分成一些较小的公司。
vt. 分离；派遣；使超然
 - mission, keep apart

Word: exuberance
Front: exuberance
[ɪɡ'zju:bərəns] (宝 13760/18548)
Vocabulary: exuberance
(once / 2806 pages)
n
Use exuberance to describe joyful enthusiasm and liveliness. You appreciate the natural exuberance of small children, but you prefer to enjoy it from a distance.
The noun exuberance comes from the adjective exuberant, which itself came from a Latin word that originally described an overflowing supply of milk from the udder of a cow or goat! The word still means "overflowing," not with milk but with joy and enthusiasm. After your winning home run, the fans ran onto the field and, in their exuberance, carried you off on their shoulders . . . before you touched home plate.
WORD FAMILY
exuberance: exuberances+/exuberate: exuberance, exuberated, exuberates, exuberating
USAGE EXAMPLES
There are signs, however, that craft brewing is being driven by what a late-night drinker might call irrational exuberance.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
“We don’t need blandness, we need exuberance in our landscape.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
At first glance, the move might seem like evidence of the exuberance Sgamma described.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 繁茂，丰富; 充沛，充溢
分布：丰富(49%)，茂盛(27%)，充沛(24%)
【记】ex出，uber读：拥抱－出去拥抱大自然－因为大自然的繁茂，因为你的生气勃勃。根：uber（硕果累累，肥沃的）；参：udder（n 牛羊的乳房）
【参】exuberant（adj 特别喜悦的；繁茂的；非凡的；华而不实的）
【反】ennui（n 倦怠；厌倦）读：安慰（这种人需要安慰）回忆：anvil（读：安危哦）n 铁砧
N-UNCOUNT
热情洋溢；兴高采烈;喜气洋洋
Exuberance is behaviour which is energetic, excited, and cheerful.
例：Her burst of exuberance and her brightness overwhelmed me.她勃发的热情和阳光的性格征服了我。
N-UNCOUNT
勃勃生机
If you talk about the exuberance of something, you like it because it is lively, exciting, and full of energy and life.
例：The sheer exuberance of the sculpture was exhilarating.那尊雕塑表现出的勃勃生机让人振奋。
n. 丰富，茂盛；健康
 - abundance, health, plenty, fitness, pregnancy

Word: eurocrat

Word: glimmer
Front: glimmer
[ˈglɪmə(r)] (雅宝 12497/14497 -1)
Vocabulary: glimmer
(once / 624 pages)
nv
A glimmer is a tiny glint of light or the sliver of an idea. Either way, it's a sign of a lot more going on behind the scenes.
A glimmer of light is just a little bit of light, maybe sneaking through the curtains enough to make a flicker on the floor. A glimmer of an idea is just a small inkling of an idea. When someone doesn't understand something, you could make them feel worse by saying, "You don't have a glimmer of what I'm talking about, do you?" When it comes to light, you can also say light is glimmering, or gleaming. People often say stars are glimmering.
WORD FAMILY
glimmer: glimmered, glimmering, glimmers, glimmery+/glimmering: glimmerings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Joe’s Pub, the glimmering nightclub at the Public Theater, bursts with laughter and cheers.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Glimmers of optimism are appropriate in each case, but so is vigilance.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
But a few glimmers of hope are emerging at the local level.
Salon(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 微光，闪光; 少许
v. 发微光; 隐约出现
时态：glimmered, glimmering, glimmers
分布：微光(64%)，少许(26%)，发出微光(10%)
→词源同gleam,微光。
【记】glim（n 灯火；微弱的迹象）
US [-ɚ] verb intransitive
■to shine with a weak light or a light that is not continuous 发出微弱的光；隐约闪烁
• The lights of the village were glimmering in the distance. 远处村庄微弱的灯光时隐时现。
• The sky glimmered with stars. 天空闪烁着点点星光。
• a glimmering candle 暗淡摇曳的烛光
• figurative The first faint signs of an agreement began to glimmer through (= appear). 达成协议开始出现一线希望。
UK ['glɪm.ər] US [-ɚ] noun countable (also glimmering)
LIGHT 光
■a light that glimmers weakly 闪烁的微光；微弱的亮光
• We saw a glimmer of light in the distance. 我们看到远处有一线微光。
UK ['glɪm.ər] US [-ɚ] noun countable (also glimmering)
SIGN 迹象
■a slight sign of something good or positive 微弱的（好）迹象；一丝，一线
• This month's sales figures offer a glimmer of hope for the depressed economy. 这个月的销售额为萧条的经济带来一丝希望。
• She's never shown a glimmer of interest in classical music. 她对古典音乐从没有表现过一丁点兴趣。
• The first glimmer of light (= sign of development or understanding) has appeared in the peace talks. 和平会谈首次出现了一丝转机。
n. 微光；闪光；少许
 - little, touch
vi. 闪烁；发微光
 - spark, coruscate

Word: gem
Front: gem
[dʒem] (托宝 7808/7690 -1)
Vocabulary: gem
(once / 522 pages)
1n 2n
A gem is a precious or semi-precious stone, or a jewel. A silversmith might experiment with adding gems to her rings and necklaces.
The sparkly gem in your grandmother's fancy ring might be a diamond, while your aunt appears to prefer the polished greenish-blue gems called turquoise. If you're trained to identify and put a value on gems, you can call yourself a gemologist. Gem is from the Old French gemme, which has a Latin root, gemma, "precious stone or jewel."
WORD FAMILY
gem: gemming, gems
USAGE EXAMPLES
This year I’ve been lucky and hit a run of gems.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Tapawingo felt like a Midwest version of a culinary gem in the French countryside, offering farm-to-table fine dining in a tiny town.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
It’s also great to explore the local area and discover hidden gems.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 宝石，珍宝; 精华，佳作; 受人重视者; [印]四点活字
v. 点缀; 用宝石装饰; 饰以宝石
adj. 最佳品质的
分布：宝石(91%)，珍品(5%)，用宝石装饰(2%)，松糕(1%)，受到宠爱或评价很高的人(1%)
→来自gembh, 齿，梳齿，词源同comb. 因其未打磨前梳齿状结晶而得名。
【参】gemstone（n 稍次一些的经雕琢的宝石）
noun countable
JEWEL 宝石 (also gemstone)
■a jewel (= precious stone) , especially when cut into a particular regular shape （尤指切割成规则形状的）宝石
[dʒem] noun countable
VERY GOOD 非常好的
■someone or something that is very good, pleasing or useful 难能可贵的人（或物）；被人喜爱的人（或物）；非常有用的人（或物）
• You've been an absolute gem - I couldn't have managed without your help. 你可真是难能可贵——没有你的帮助我可应付不过去。
• He came out with a gem (= clever or pleasing remark) about the absurdity of the situation. 他对这种荒诞的情形发表了粲花之论。
jewel, jewellery, stone, gem
这组词都有“宝石”的意思，其区别是：
jewel: 多指贵重的宝石，是经过切削打磨，通常镶嵌在胸针、项链或其它装饰物上的玉。
jewellery: 是珠宝的总称，泛指各类珠宝，既指佩带或衣服的珠宝饰物，又指用普通金属、塑料或假宝石制作的装饰物。
stone: 特别强调稀少罕见或值钱的矿物。
gem: 指经切割、磨光的宝石，引申指珍品、佳作。
n. [宝] 宝石；精华；珍品；宝物；美玉
 - essence, elite, flower, treasure, pearl
vt. 点缀；用宝石镶嵌；饰以宝石
 - lie around, set sth off

Word: harvey
Front: harvey
[ˈhɑ:vi] (-/4849)
Back: n. 哈维(m.)
分布：哈维(姓氏(50%)，男子名)(50%)

Word: paisley
Front: paisley
['peɪzli] (20812/7397)
Vocabulary: paisley
(once / 6848 pages)
n
If your favorite scarf is printed with a pattern consisting of shapes that look like drops of water, you are a fan of paisley and its swirly curves and colors.
This Scottish toponym, or place name, (from the town of Paisley, in Renfrewshire) denotes a fabric design that was massively manufactured there in the 19th century. A paisley design itself is Middle Eastern in origin though, having traveled to Europe in the colonial period and become so popular that import could not meet demand.
WORD FAMILY
paisley: paisleys
USAGE EXAMPLES
Paisley Park is legendary in Minnesota because of the late-night surprise concerts, often free, that the Purple One held here.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
The body of the Oscar and seven-time Grammy winner was found at his sprawling Paisley Park recording complex in suburban Minneapolis on April 21.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
He would match plaid blazers with paisley ties or striped shirts - all in bold hues.
Washington Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 涡纹花呢制的; 有涡纹图案的
n. 有多色涡纹图案的毛织品
分布：佩斯利织物的(100%)
→来自该布料原产地苏格兰城镇Paisley.其字面意思为教堂，来自拉丁语basilica,王座，宫殿，词源同basil,basilisk.
noun countable or uncountable
■a colourful pattern of curved shapes, usually on cloth 佩斯利（涡旋）花纹
• My sister loves paisley. 我妹妹喜欢佩斯利花纹。
• a paisley tie 佩斯利花纹领带

Word: inaction
Front: inaction
[ɪnˈækʃn] (14391/18917 -1)
Back: n. 不活动; 不活跃; 迟钝; 懒散
分布：无为(65%)，不活动(21%)，怠惰(14%)
→in-,不，非，action,行动。
[ɪn'æk.ʃən] formal
noun uncountable
■failure to do anything which might provide a solution to a problem 无行动；不作为
• The West's inaction has put millions of people at risk of starvation. 西方世界不采取行动，导致数以百万计的人面临饥饿的威胁。
• This announcement follows months of inaction and delay. 这个声明是在数月的不作为和延迟后发表的。
n. 不活动；迟钝
 - inertia, dullness

Word: ignorant
Front: ignorant
[ˈɪgnərənt] (研四六托宝 7357/6928 -2)
Vocabulary: ignorant
(once / 90 pages)
adj
If you make an ignorant comment, your listeners might laugh at you, might get mad at you, or they might patiently instruct you in the ways that you are uninformed.
People can be generally ignorant, meaning that they are uneducated and lacking in sophistication. Or people can be ignorant of specific types of information. In fact, we all are. For example, most of us are ignorant of the particulars of nuclear physics and ignorant about what it takes to be an astronaut. Sometimes people are also labeled ignorant if they are rude, inconsiderate, or narrow-minded.
WORD FAMILY
ignorant: ignorance, ignoranter, ignorantest, ignorantly, ignorantness+/ ignorance: ignorances
USAGE EXAMPLES
When your friend says something ignorant and/or uncivilized, just say something on the spot.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
The ignorant buffoon Donald Trump is their direct and stark opposite.
Salon(Dec 29, 2016)
The characters deal with ignorant comments on a regular basis, but those moments are usually batted away, not landed on.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 无知的，愚昧的; 由无知引起的; 无学识的
分布：无知的(78%)，愚昧的(15%)，不知道的(7%)
a.无知的,愚昧的;不知道的The sore is orally ignored by the ignorant immoral man.疮痛被无知的不道德者口头忽视了.
【反】erudite（adj 博学的）
US [-nɚ-] adjective
■not having enough knowledge, understanding or information about something 无知的，愚昧的
• Many teenagers are surprisingly ignorant about current politics. 许多青少年对时事政治无知得让人吃惊。
• We remained blissfully ignorant of the troubles that lay ahead. 我们对将要出现的麻烦一无所知，这或许是一种幸运。
■UK informal
■not polite or respectful 无礼的，不敬的
• Ignorant lout! 没礼貌的混蛋！
ignorant, illiterate
这组词都有“无知的”的意思，其区别是：
ignorant: 指一般的无知或指不知道某个具体的事。
illiterate: 指不识字的人或没有文化的人。
adj. 无知的；愚昧的
 - dark, empty, innocent

Word: restive
Front: restive
[ˈrestɪv] (宝 21413/21619)
Vocabulary: restive
(once / 2933 pages)
adj
To be restive is to be impatient or on edge — it's an edgy state. When you feel like your skin is too tight and your nerves are ready to snap, when you feel ready to explode, you are restive.
It's not only people who can be restive: the world suffers from much turmoil, and there are restive areas, where people are unhappy or oppressed and desperate for change. It's that need for change and movement that makes someone restive or eager to move, frustrated at being stuck in one place. This sense of being stuck is obvious in the history of the word, which was first used in the 15th century. It evolved from the Anglo-French adjective restif, which meant "refusing to move ahead." Picture a restive horse, refusing to take a jump.
WORD FAMILY
restive: restively, restiveness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The government said the incident, filmed by a police officer, happened in restive Rakhine state in November.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
The DRC’s restive east remains a battleground for rival ethnic militias, with a recent upsurge of violence there a concern to many experts.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Most of the detainees are from the restive Oromia and Amhara regions.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 焦躁不安的; 难以驾驭的，不受管束的
分布：倔强的(56%)，不耐烦的(20%)，难驾驭的(16%)，不愿向前走的(8%)
→来自拉丁语 restare,站回，留下，遗留，来自 re-,向后，往回，stare,站立，词源同 stand.原用 于形容马站着不肯走的，引申词义倔强的，难驾驭的等。
【记】rest休息，ive过分：休息的过分，在考G期间就会有负罪感－焦躁不安的
【参】restless（adj 得不到休息的；不平静的）
【反】calm（adj 平静的）；imperturbable（adj 沉着的；平静的）
['res.tɪv] formal
adjective
■unwilling to be controlled or be patient 难驾驭的，不受管束的；焦躁不安的
• The audience was becoming restive as they waited for the performance to begin. 观众们等待演出开始时变得越来越不耐烦。
adj. 倔强的；难驾御的；不安宁的
 - obstinate, fractious

Word: scour
Front: scour
[ˈskaʊə(r)] (托宝 9501/11212 -1)
Vocabulary: scour
(once / 1188 pages)
1vn 2v
If you're going to scour those dishes, you'll need a good scouring pad. To scour also means to examine something very, very closely. Having lost his contact lens at the party, Robert asked everyone to scour the room to help him find it.
When you scour something with your eyes, you examine or search it very closely. For example, when the girl went missing, the police used dogs and helicopters to scour the area. When you scour something with your hands, you scrub it very hard—often with a brush or pad—until the surface is spotless. For example, to remove the graffiti from the wall outside the restaurant you'll have to scour it by hand, probably for hours. Looking for a job? Scour those classified ads!
WORD FAMILY
scour: scoured, scourer, scouring, scours+/scourer: scourers/scouring: scourings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Before slavery was restricted by the Spanish crown, in 1542, slaving parties scoured Honduras, kidnapping Indians to work plantations, mines, and households.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
She scoured the internet for information about stillbirths and pinched umbilical cords - the culprit in her son’s death.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Kurt Walthour with the Delaware County bomb technicians says the technicians were scouring the scene for evidence “to try to help trace this back.”
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: v. 冲刷; 擦亮; 四处搜索; （用泻药）泻
n. 擦; 冲刷; 洗涤剂
时态：scoured, scouring, scours
分布：搜寻(47%)，腹泻(32%)，擦洗(21%)
→来自中古荷兰语 scuren,清洗，擦拭，来自拉丁语 excurare,清洗，使干净，字面意思为照看， 处理，来自 ex-,向外，表强调，curare,看护，关心，词源同 cure,curator.scour 搜查，翻找
搜索;巡视(scour=course)[cur(r),curs,cours=run,表示"跑,发生"]
【记】地板没有scour，就会被scourge（v /n 鞭笞），然后失去courage
US [skaʊr] verb transitive
CLEAN 清除 (also scour out)
■to remove dirt from something by rubbing it hard with something rough 擦，擦净；刷，刷掉
• You'll have to scour out those old cooking pots before you use them. 这些旧锅使用之前得好好刷一刷。
UK [skaʊər] US [skaʊr] verb transitive
SEARCH 搜索
■to search a place or thing very carefully in order to try to find something 认真搜索，细查
• The police are scouring the countryside for the missing child. 警方在乡村四处搜查，寻找失踪的孩子。
• I scoured the shops for a blue and white shirt, but I couldn't find one anywhere. 我跑遍商店想买一件蓝白相间的衬衫，但却怎么也买不到。
UK [skaʊər] US [skaʊr] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] scour sth out
■to make a hole by a movement that is repeated continuously over a long period of time 冲刷出；磨出
• The fast-moving water had scoured out a channel in the rock. 急流在岩石上冲刷出一道凹槽。
vi. 冲刷；擦；腹泻
 - mop up, wipe
vt. 擦亮，洗涤；冲洗，清除
 - wash, rub up
n. 擦，冲刷；洗涤剂；（畜类等的）腹泻
 - swabbing, brushup

Word: supremacy
Front: supremacy
[su:ˈpreməsi] (托宝 11573/9889 -1)
Vocabulary: supremacy
(once / 685 pages)
n
Supremacy is the state of having the ultimate authority. A ruling king has supremacy over his kingdom.
When one group dominates another, it has supremacy. One country's army might have military supremacy over another, or your favorite baseball team might gain supremacy in the third game of the World Series, meaning it has power over the other team in the series. Supremacy comes from the Latin word supremus, which means highest.
WORD FAMILY
supremacy: supremacies, supremacism, supremacist, suprematism+/supremacist: supremacists/suprematism: suprematist/suprematist: suprematists/ supreme: supremacy, supremely, supremest
USAGE EXAMPLES
An Old Firm afternoon which started so promisingly for Rangers concluded with the latest indication of Celtic’s domestic supremacy.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Pepe became a self-perpetuating whirlwind, as, goaded by media reports, trolls created new images adorned with symbols of antisemitism and white supremacy.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Pop music by itself will never displace the essential work white people need to do to dismantle global white supremacy.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 至高无上; 最高权力; 最高地位; 霸权
分布：至高(66%)，主权(30%)，最高权力或地位(4%)
→supreme,至高无上，-acy,名词后缀。
至高无上(supreme崇高的)[-acy表名词"→性质,状态"]
noun uncountable
HIGHEST 最高
■the leading or controlling position 最高地位，至高无上
• The company has begun to challenge the supremacy of the current leading manufacturers in the textiles industry. 这家公司已开始挑战目前纺织业内几大龙头厂商的统治地位。
• The allies have established air supremacy (= military control of the sky). 盟军已经掌握了制空权。
[su:'prem.ə.si] noun uncountable
GREATEST 最好
■when someone or something is the best 最好，最佳
• a struggle for supremacy 追求最好的努力
• This victory clearly proves the supremacy of the West Indies in world cricket. 这场胜利清楚表明西印度群岛队是世界上最好的板球队。
n. 霸权；至高无上；主权；最高地位
 - sovereignty, hegemony

Word: asbestos
Front: asbestos
[æsˈbestəs] (9006/12435 -1)
Vocabulary: asbestos
(once / 5460 pages)
n
Asbestos is a fibrous mineral used mainly in making fireproof material. Inhaling asbestos can cause health problems such as lung cancer.
Have you ever heard about people removing asbestos from a building? That's because this material — which is a fibrous amphibole used because it's fireproof — has been found to be very bad for people's health when inhaled. If you inhale bits of asbestos, which flake off over time, you could get lung cancer, a disease caused asbestosis, or other respiratory problems. Like a lot of things, it took time for people to realize asbestos was doing more harm than good.
WORD FAMILY
asbestos
USAGE EXAMPLES
Those corporate NY City lawyers badgered her about being only a high school graduate with no knowledge that asbestos was deadly.
New York Times(Jan 06, 2016)
Prosecutors in that case said the workers weren’t properly protected from asbestos.
Seattle Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Asbestos was declared a human carcinogen by the World Health Organization’s International Agency for Research on Cancer in 1987.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 石棉
adj. 石棉制的，含石棉的
分布：石棉(100%)
→来自希腊语。前缀a-, 不能，没有。sbestos, 抑制。古义指生石灰。后植物学家Pliny错误的用来指石棉，而实际上石棉是一种高度不可燃物质，如广泛应用于空气净化电除尘器的外保温材料等。
US [-tɑ:s] noun uncountable
■a soft greyish-white material that does not burn, and which was used, especially in the past, in buildings, clothing, etc. as a protection against fire, and as a form of insulation (= way of stopping heat from escaping) 石棉
n. [矿物] 石棉
 - fossil flax, mountain leather

Word: crew
Front: crew
[kru:] (高研四六托 1706/2202 -3)
Vocabulary: crew
(once / 111 pages)
1nv 2n
A crew is an organized group of workers. A crew might keep a ship sailing smoothly or pave a road smoothly. Either way, crew implies cooperation among workers.
If you're hired as a member of a ship's crew, it will be your job (along with the other crew members), to keep the boat running smoothly, and the passengers happy and well-fed. Crews are usually a group of people who work together on a ship, airplane, or movie — but the word is also a slang term for a group of friends who hang out together — like a crowd or posse.
WORD FAMILY
crew: crewed, crewing, crews
USAGE EXAMPLES
Albuquerque Fire Department officials say several crews arrived at the Joy Light Church of God in Christ about 2:30 p.m.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Rescue crews met United Express Flight 6060 on the tarmac after authorities learned during the flight that the man was trapped with passengers’ luggage.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Oregon State Police in a statement Monday say emergency crews responded at about 8:30 p.m.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 全体船员; 全体乘务员; 一群，一帮
vt. 当（尤指船上的）工作人员; 当（尤指船上的）工作人员
vi. 当船员; 当机务人员
时态：crewed, crewing, crews
分布：全体船员(60%)，当船员(12%)，当机务人员(12%)，划艇队员(8%)，全体乘务员(8%)
→词源同create, 生长，创造。即还在成长中的员工。
n.全体船员,全体乘务员The crew unscrewed the screws from the sewing-machine and chewed them.船员们从缝纫机上旋下螺钉并咀嚼它们.
noun
 IMPROVER countable + singular or plural verb
■a group of people who work together, especially all those who work on and operate a ship, aircraft, etc. 全体工作人员；（尤指）全体船员，全体机组人员，全体乘务人员
• an ambulance/lifeboat crew 救护车／救生船急救组
• a TV/film/camera crew 电视／电影／摄影工作人员
• The aircraft has/carries a crew of seven. 这架飞机上有七名机组人员。
⇒ See also aircrew
 IMPROVER countable
■the people who work on a ship, aircraft, etc. who are not officers （除官员之外的）全体船员；全体机组人员，乘务员
• Apart from the 10 officers, a crew of 90 looks after the 300 passengers. 除了这10位高级船员，还有90名船员为300名乘客服务。
[kru:] verb intransitive or transitive
■If you crew a boat, or crew for someone on their boat, you help to sail it. 当（船员），在船上工作
n. 队，组；全体人员，全体船员
 - team, group, personnel, suit

Word: capitalise
Front: capitalise
['kæpɪtəlaɪz] (-/11696)
Back: vt. 利用; 使资本化; 把…大写
时态：capitalised, capitalising, capitalises
分布：将 ... 大写(100%)
vi. 利用（等于capitalize）
 - do with, trade on, capitalize on, avail of, presume on

Word: uproar
Front: uproar
[ˈʌprɔ:(r)] (研六托宝 13150/13911 -1)
Vocabulary: uproar
(once / 719 pages)
n
Any kind of noisy disturbance can be called an uproar. A large group of political protesters outside City Hall is likely to create an uproar.
There's often an uproar in the audience of a rock concert when the band first appears on stage — people cheer and applaud and whistle. An announcement that the neighborhood donut shop is out of donuts could create another kind of uproar, especially if people have been standing in a long line dreaming of crullers and chocolate glazed donuts. Uproar comes from the German Aufruhr, "a stirring up."
WORD FAMILY
uproar: uproarious, uproars+/ uproarious: uproariously
USAGE EXAMPLES
As is his wont, and to familiar uproar, Trump expressed his approval on Twitter.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
It’s a law that virtually guarantees an uproar, and in the case of the last two designs, a little controversy.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The deal, announced in April, caused public uproar and protests by Egyptians who said the uninhabited islands of Tiran and Sanafir belonged to their country.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 吵闹; 骚乱，骚动; 喧嚣
分布：骚动(57%)，喧嚣(43%)
→来自荷兰语uproer, 骚乱，up,向上，-roer, 摇动，搅拌，词源同rare, 翻炒，半熟。引申词义骚乱。而吵闹义可能是受roar影响的拼写讹误。
n.骚动,喧嚣,鼎沸With an uproar, the train began to move.随着一阵轰鸣声,火车开动了.
【记】up上，roar（n /v 吼叫）－喧闹
US [-rɔ:r] noun [S or U]
■when a lot of people complain about something angrily 喧嚣；嘈杂；吵闹
• The book caused an uproar in France. 该书在法国引起了轩然大波。
• The whole hall was in uproar after the announcement. 宣布完后，整个大厅一片哗然。
n. 骚动；喧嚣
 - combustion, turmoil, hurly

Word: drinker
Front: drinker
[ˈdrɪŋkə(r)] (10251/8666 -1)
Back: n. 酒徒; 喝的人; （给家禽喂水的）饮水器
分布：酒徒(60%)，酒豪(23%)，饮者(17%)
US [-kɚ] noun countable
ALCOHOL 酒精
■someone who drinks alcohol 喝酒的人，饮酒者
• He's a heavy/light drinker (= drinks/does not drink a lot of alcohol). 他喝酒喝得很厉害／不多。
• I'm not much of a drinker (= I don't drink much alcohol). 我不大喝酒。
UK ['drɪŋ.kər] US [-kɚ] noun countable
LIQUID 液体
■someone who drinks a particular drink 好饮者；喜欢喝…的人
• I'm a tea drinker really - I don't like coffee. 我很习惯喝茶——我不喜欢咖啡。
n. 酒徒；喝的人；酒豪
 - toper, tosspot

Word: marble
Front: marble
[ˈmɑ:bl] (高研四六托雅宝 4819/4199 -2)
Vocabulary: marble
(once / 198 pages)
nv
Marble is a very hard rock that's a particular type of limestone. Fancy lobbies (and even bathrooms) are often lined with marble.
Marble's unique qualities make it a popular stone for artists and kitchen designers alike — the white stone statues you find in most museums, some of them dating back to ancient Greece and Rome, are carved from white marble. High-end kitchen counters are often made from polished slabs of darker colored marble. A single marble is a glass ball swirled with marble-like colors, and "to marble" is to paint with similar swirls and whorls.
WORD FAMILY
marble: marbled, marbleise, marbleize, marbles, marbling, marmoreal, marmorean+/marbleise: marbleisation, marbleised, marbleising/marbleize: marbleization, marbleized, marbleizing/marbling: marblings
USAGE EXAMPLES
There is a sumptuous mosaic ceiling, with marble columns and copper clay friezes.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
The Atlanta-based company stored its jets in a hangar next to a three-story waiting area with floors of Italian marble and a walk-in wine cooler.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
Two locals were arrested with a marble tablet and stone seal from Nimrud, presumably to sell.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 大理石; 大理石制品; 弹子游戏; 理智，常识
adj. 大理石的; 冷酷无情的; 有大理石花纹的
v. 把（书边）弄上大理石花纹
时态：marbled, marbling, marbles
分布：大理石(99%)，使有大理石的花纹(1%)
→来自古法语marbre的拼写异化形式，来自拉丁语marmor,来自希腊语marmoros,大理石，明亮的石头，可能来自mer,发光，闪光，词源同mere,morning.后用于指用小石子磨成的弹子游戏，但后来随着玻璃技术的成熟，多用于指玻璃弹子。
n.大理石,云石The shark's remark on the marble mark in the market is remarkable.骗子关于市场上大理石标记的评论值得关注.
US ['mɑ:r-] noun
ROCK 岩石
uncountable
■a type of very hard rock which has a pattern of lines going through it, feels cold and becomes smooth and shiny when cut and polished 大理石
• a marble floor/statue 大理石地板／雕像
UK ['mɑ:.bl] US ['mɑ:r-] noun
GLASS BALL 玻璃球
countable
■a small ball usually made of coloured or transparent glass which is used in children's games （儿童游戏中用的）弹子
marbles uncountable
■a children's game in which small round glass balls are rolled along the floor 弹子游戏
n. [岩] 大理石；大理石制品；弹珠
 - mable, sarcophagus
adj. [岩] 大理石的；冷酷无情的
 - hard, coldhearted

Word: lecturer
Front: lecturer
[ˈlektʃərə(r)] (10335/4493 -2)
Vocabulary: lecturer
(once / 1348 pages)
n
A lecturer is someone who stands up in front of a class and gives an organized talk designed to teach you something. There are lots of lecturers at colleges and universities.
Although many professors lecture, in this country the title lecturer usually refers to a teacher who is not a permanent member of the faculty but one of the many college instructors who does not have tenure. The lecturer may even be hired for a single semester or year. The title is used slightly differently in England. There are some professional lecturers — people, like former President Bill Clinton, who make their living by going around the world giving speeches.
WORD FAMILY
lecturer: lecturers+/ lecture: lectured, lecturer, lectures, lectureship, lecturing /lectureship: lectureships/ lecturing: lecturings
USAGE EXAMPLES
In 1976, the young engineering lecturer was elected a Socialist MP in Portugal’s first democratic vote since the revolution.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
One of six children, she was brought up in Stockport, where her father was a university lecturer.
BBC(Dec 22, 2016)
He also shares it with undergraduates at Stanford University in Palo Alto, California, where he is a lecturer in the economics department.
Science Magazine(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. （大学或学院中的）讲课者，授课者，（英美大学中的）讲师; 演讲者
分布：讲师(75%)，演讲者(25%)
US [-tʃɚ.ɚ] mainly UK
noun countable
■someone who teaches at a college or university （学院或大学的）讲师，教师
• a senior lecturer 高级讲师
• a lecturer in psychology 心理学讲师
UK ['lek.tʃər.ər] US [-tʃɚ.ɚ] mainly UK
noun countable
  Common Learner Errors  lecturer or teacher? In American English, lecturer is formal. Teacher or professor is usually used instead.
n. 讲师，演讲者
 - praelector, docent

Word: duration
Front: duration
[djuˈreɪʃn] (研四六托雅宝 5426/3698 -2)
Vocabulary: duration
(once / 661 pages)
n
Duration is how long something lasts, from beginning to end. A duration might be long, such as the duration of a lecture series, or short, as the duration of a party.
The noun duration has come to mean the length of time one thing takes to be completed. The duration of something might be known or not — in past times, the unknown length of time the current war would last was called "the duration. "Musical notes, such as whole notes, half notes, and quarter notes, have different set durations, or lengths of time for which they are held. These varying durations, when put together, create the rhythm of the music.
WORD FAMILY
duration: durations
USAGE EXAMPLES
The expectation is that his upcoming Las Vegas New Year’s Eve show will tend toward the more epic end of performance duration.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Roof represented himself for a week during jury selection before asking for his attorneys back for the duration of the trial's guilt phase.
Reuters(Dec 28, 2016)
“United States Secret Service will be Present for the Duration of the Experience,” warns the auction site.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 持续，持续的时间，期间; （时间的）持续，持久，连续; [语音学]音长，音延
分布：持续时间(70%)，期间(30%)
持续时间(dur+ation)[dur=last,hard,表示"持久,坚硬"]
n.持久;期间;持续时间He will be in the hospital for the duration of the school year.整个学年中他都会呆在医院里.
【参】durable（adj 持久的；耐用的）；durance（n 禁锢；监禁）
US [du:-] noun uncountable
■the length of time that something lasts 持续时间
• He planned a stay of two years' duration. 他计划停留两年。
for the duration
■for as long as something lasts 直至结束；在…期间
• I suppose we're stuck with each other for the duration (of the journey). 我想（旅程结束之前）这段时间我们两个要一直呆在一起。
n. 持续
 - standing, persistence, abidance, continuance

Word: publicise
Front: publicise
['pʌblɪsaɪz] (-/10043)
Back: vt. 宣传（某事物）（尤指用广告）
时态：publicised, publicising, publicises
分布：宣传(88%)，宣扬(12%)
vt. 宣传，宣扬；公布，颂
 - post, notify

Word: purple
Front: purple
[ˈpɜ:pl] (中高研四六托 3894/5326 -K2)
Vocabulary: purple
(once / 215 pages)
nadjv
Purple is a shade that's a mixture of red and blue. If you are eating a grape Popsicle, get ready to spend a while with a purple tongue and lips.
The Greek root of purple is porphyra, which was the name of the shellfish from which purple dye was made. Long ago, only royalty could wear — and afford the dye for — purple clothing. If the setting sun purples the sky, the light is making the horizon appear to be colored purple, just as a bruise purples your skin. Purple prose is a literary term that refers to overly flowery or exaggerated writing.
WORD FAMILY
purple: purpled, purpleness, purpler, purples, purplest, purpling, purplish, purply, purpurate+/purpurate: purpurates
USAGE EXAMPLES
Yes, this is still a nation of purple mountain majesties and fruited plains.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
The Purple Eagles’ final 3 was off the mark.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The bottle’s purple label with floral images was designed to attract female shoppers’ attention in a wine aisle dominated by dull colors.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 紫色的; 帝王的; 词藻华美的
n. 紫色; 紫（红）衣，紫袍; 帝位，皇权; 皇族
vt. 使成紫色
vi. 变紫
时态：purpled, purpling, purples
分布：紫色(73%)，紫色的(25%)，皇室(1%)，辞藻华丽的(1%)
→来自古英语purpul,来自purpure的异化词，来自拉丁语purpura,紫色的，紫颜料，来自希腊语porphyra,紫色的，紫颜料，词源同porphyry,porphyrite.
a.紫的n.紫色In church the nurse cursed the people pursuing the purple purse.在教堂里,护士诅咒了追求紫色钱包的人们.
US ['pɝ:-] adjective
COLOUR 颜色
 ADVANCED
■of a dark reddish blue colour 紫色的，紫红色的
• purple plums 紫色的李子
• a dark purple bruise 一块青肿
purple in the face/purple with rage
■dark red in the face because of anger 气得脸色发青
UK ['pɜ:.pl] US ['pɝ:-] adjective
STYLE 风格 UK describes a piece of writing which is complicated or sounds false because the writer has tried too hard to make the style interesting （作品）词藻华丽的，华而不实的
• Despite occasional patches of purple prose , the book is mostly clear and incisive. 这本书尽管偶尔有几段词藻华丽的文句，但总体来讲文风简洁明了。
UK ['pɜ:.pl] US ['pɝ:-] noun countable or uncountable
 ADVANCED
■a dark reddish blue colour 紫色，紫红色
• Purple is my favourite colour. 我喜欢的颜色是紫色。
• The evening sky was full of purples and reds. 傍晚的天空布满紫色和红色的云彩。
adj. 紫色的；帝王的；华而不实的
 - regal, violet
n. 紫色；紫袍
 - lila, amethyst
vt. 使成紫色
 - empurple

Word: patchwork
Front: patchwork
[ˈpætʃwɜ:k] (12752/13889 -1)
Back: n. 补缀品，拼缝物; 混杂物
分布：拼凑的东西(50%)，修补工作(25%)，混杂物(25%)
→patch,补丁，work,作品。
【记】patch（n 补丁），work（n 作品）
US [-wɝ:k] noun
uncountable
■cloth which is made by sewing together a lot of smaller usually square pieces of cloth with different patterns and colours, or the activity of doing this 拼布工艺（品）
• a patchwork quilt/jacket 百衲被／拼布补缀的夹克衫
• The old lady sat in the corner doing patchwork. 那个老太太坐在角落里做些缝补活。
only singular
■a mixture of different things 拼缀物，拼凑的东西，杂烩
• We looked out of the aircraft window down onto the patchwork of fields below. 我们从飞机的舷窗俯视下面纵横交错的田地。
n. 拼缝物，拼缀物；混杂物
 - farrago, macedoine

Word: reshape
Front: reshape
[ˌri:ˈʃeɪp] (托 9382/14290 -1)
Vocabulary: reshape
(once / 5970 pages)
v
When you reshape something, you change or transform it completely. You can reshape a lump of clay, but you can also reshape your plans for your life.
A government can reshape the country's energy plan, incorporating more environmentally friendly systems. And a school committee can reshape the high school curriculum, adding higher-level science classes and more choices in the art department. It's also possible to reshape things in a more literal way, squeezing bread dough as you reshape it to fit a different pan, for example.
WORD FAMILY
reshape: reshaped, reshapes, reshaping+/ shape: ill-shapen, reshape, shaped, shapeless, shapely, shaper, shapes, shaping, unshapen/shaped: unshaped/shapeless: shapelessly, shapelessness/ shapely: shapelier, shapeliest, shapeliness, unshapely/shaper: shapers/shaping: shapings
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Back in 2014 when everybody was just talking about automotive, artificial intelligence, virtual reality, they were very busy reshaping their product areas.”
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
It identified wide-ranging factors that would "reshape how we live and work".
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Every administration tries to reshape American policy to reflect its ideals.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 重塑; 给…以新形态; 采取新形式; 打开新局面
时态：reshaped, reshaping, reshapes
分布：改造(59%)，重新塑造(28%)，打开新局面(9%)，使成新的形状(4%)
→re-,再，重新，shape,形状，塑形。
verb transitive
■to shape something again or differently 重塑；使再成形；改变…的形状
vt. 改造；再成形
 - reconstruct, rebuild

Word: stellar
Front: stellar
[ˈstelə(r)] (托宝 7902/24124)
Vocabulary: stellar
(once / 2941 pages)
adj
Meaning outstanding, wonderful, better than everything else, stellar is a word of praise or excitement. Thomas Edison invented many things, but his stellar achievement might have been the light bulb.
Stellar literally means "like a star." When it comes time for your debut on Broadway, you will sure hope that the reviews say that you delivered a stellar performance. You could also use stellar to talk about actual stars, of course, or you could even blend the two: enjoy the stellar beauty of your beloved under the stellar light of a moonless night.
WORD FAMILY
stellar: interstellar+/interstellar: interstellarly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Despite the occasional stellar year since then, Voyager sank in the large-growth peer group.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
“That I miss. It was a stellar location for outdoor entertaining, but I wasn’t around enough to enjoy it.”
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
We’ve been watching five of her best musical numbers, and paying special attention to the stellar “Good Morning,” from Singin’ in the Rain.
Slate(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 星的; 星球的; 主要的; 主角的
分布：一流的(51%)，主要的(37%)，和电影明星有关的(12%)
→来自拉丁语 stella,星星，来自 Proto-Italic*sterola,星星，来自 ster,星星，词源同 star.
星的[Stell=star,表示"星星"]
【记】stell星，ar；参：constellation（n 星群；星座）
US [-ɚ] adjective
■of a star or stars 恒星的，星球的
• a stellar explosion 恒星爆炸
• stellar light 星光
■informal
■describes people or their activities that are of an extremely high standard 杰出的，优秀的；精彩的
• a stellar performance/player/team 精彩的演出／优秀的选手／出色的球队
adj. [天] 星的；主要的；星球的
 - primary, major, central, leading, great

Word: revoke
Front: revoke
[rɪˈvəʊk] (托 12572/12129 -1)
Vocabulary: revoke
(once / 855 pages)
1v 2vn
When you revoke something, you officially cancel it, like when you revoke your sister's "coolest sibling" award because she shows your friends funny pictures of you from when you were little.
The verb revoke comes from the Latin word revocare, meaning "to call back or rescind." Licenses, wills, and privileges are three things that can be revoked. The verb also has a meaning specific to card- playing. If the rules state that you have to follow suit, but you accidentally play trump instead, you have revoked or reneged. If other players notice your mistake, you have to take the card back.
WORD FAMILY
revoke: revocable, revocation, revokable, revoked, revokes, revoking+/ irrevocable: irrevocably /revocable: irrevocable / revocation: revocations/ revokable: irrevokable
USAGE EXAMPLES
The lawsuit started when the planning commission revoked a permit.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
In revoking an official’s commission that was issued after Senate confirmation, the president is negating a specific and official Senate act.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
Still, Pugh’s probation was not revoked, sparing him from a year in jail.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 撤销，取消; 废除
vi. 有牌不跟
时态：revoked, revoking, revokes
分布：藏牌(100%)
→re-,向后，往回，-vok,说话，词源同 voice,invoke.引申词义撤消，废除。
取消,撤回(re回+vok+e→喊回来→取消)[voc,vok=call,voice表示"叫喊,声音"]
【记】re反，voke喊一反喊一取消；废除
【参】revocable（adj 可废除的）
【反】empower（v 授权与）－revoke the authority（废除权威）
US [-'voʊk] formal
verb transitive
■to say officially that an agreement, permission, a law, etc. is no longer in effect 撤销；废除；解除
• The authorities have revoked their original decision to allow development of this rural area. 当局原来决定允许开发这一乡村地区，但现在他们已经收回成命。
vt. 撤回，取消；废除
 - recall, unsay

Word: stink
Front: stink
[stɪŋk] (8551/10268 -1)
Vocabulary: stink
(once / 1663 pages)
vn
When things stink, they smell terrible. If you throw food scraps in your kitchen trash can, it will eventually start to stink.
You can say that something stinks — your dog's breath, or your brother's feet — and you can call the offensive odor itself a stink. Figuratively, something can stink even if it doesn't literally smell bad: "I'm sorry, but that movie you recommended really stinks. It's awful." The Old English root is stincan, "emit a smell of any kind, or exhale."
WORD COUNT
A Delicately Deodorized Word Bouquet
There's no nice way to put it: as we reach the peak of temperature and humidity levels in much of the northern hemisphere, we all too often find ourselves confronted by things — and yes, people — who smell. And even if we'd like to turn up our nose, for once let's take a giant whiff. Or at least an etymological one.
Words for things that are smelly often have interesting histories, because they are related to taboo subjects. And like those subjects themselves, their power and force emanates from — or, one might even say, is redolent of — their uncivilized nature.
We don't like to talk about it. In American English, using the verb smell without an object, as in "What smells?" is an accusation, implying that something really powerful and unpleasant, something we would rather not dignify by naming, is perfuming the air. (The answer to the question "What smells?" is almost never "Roses.") A similar elision occurs in American English when the verb drink occurs without an object — the dreaded alcohol can only be assumed. An insistence that "I don't drink" is not a protestation that one doesn't imbibe liquids in general or that one takes them intravenously, it is a culturally acceptable expression of one's status as a teetotaler.
Even though we often do know perfectly well what we are smelling, when we do decide to name it, we'll more likely softshoe it with something like funky, rather than naming the odor point blank. And although it may depress you if you are surrounded by funky smells all the time, the two uses of the word funk, "depression" and "bad smell," are not etymologically related. The latter is from dialectical French funkiere, "to smoke." The sense here is that someone has blown smoke on you and you have been "stifle[d] with offensive vapor." And in spite of the modern coolness surrounding funk musicians, there's nothing modern about funk as in skunk. It dates all the way back to the 17th century.
Funk is not the only old word for a bad smell that comes from the idea of smoke; in the peeyoo-smoke category we also find reek. Although primarily used in present-day English as a verb to mean "to have or emit a foul odor," the noun originally meant "smoke from burning material." Although exactly where reek comes from is uncertain, it is probably from a Scandinavian source like Old Norse reykr; this Old Norse root, as a verb reykja "to smoke" provides the name of Iceland's capital Reykjavik (-vik means "bay"). So yes, Reykjavik is the "reeking bay" city, but to locals, this concept connotes wonderfully smoky Icelandic hot springs, not sulphuric eruptions or even just that hotel room that wasn't as smoke free as the hotelier had promised.
Was it ever possible to tell your sweetheart how much you love their stench and still have them be your sweetheart? If you were living in the twelfth century or earlier, maybe. Stench's association with a bad, or even evil, odor has been prevalent since the thirteenth. In fact, this very old word used to be part of a verbal paradigm in previous versions of English that no longer exists in our language.
In Old English, stincan was an intransitive verb that meant "to emit a smell" and stench was the causative form, meaning roughly, "to cause to emit a smell." Other verb pairs that were related to each other in this way include drink/drench (whose ancestral form meant "make drunk" three hundred years before the current word took on its modern day meaning of "wet thoroughly"),  shrink/shrench ("cause to shrink") and sink/sench ("cause to sink"). These causative forms were replaced by transitive forms (as in "You sunk my battleship!"), but while a causative form for drink might come in handy when accusing your friends of daring you too go too far at the bar, and a causative of shrink would be useful when arguing with a dry cleaner, mostly the language gets along fine without these forms.
Speaking of causation, can you cause yourself to smell something or is it just a side effect of breathing? Before you answer, think about the difference between what happens when you sniff. The interesting thing about this word is that, before this came to suggest the action of a bloodhound, sniff described an "expression of scorn or contempt." Possibly related to snyvelen, which also contributes to our word snivel, the contemptuous sniff dates from 1729, and the word is not recorded as a synonym for smell until 1845.
Which can only make one wonder: as we evolved from the age of the chamberpot and semi-seasonal-at-best bathing, how are we only now acquiring words to delicately allude to our nasal suffering?
Want to get more specific about odor in the air? Check out this 10-word vocabulary list: Something Smells: From "Malodorous" to "Mephitic" to "It Reeks!"
WORD FAMILY
stink: stank, stinker, stinking, stinks, stinky, stunk+/stinker: stinkers/stinking: stinkingest, stinkingly/stinky: stinkiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Seahawks: Somehow they stunk it up against Rams in Week 2, though it was LA debut for Rams.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Sunday’s performance could’ve used both, as Washington stunk up the place.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Perhaps too popular: Years after opening, there was a stink about people who’d moved into the privately run campground and stayed . and stayed.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vi. 散发出恶臭; 招人厌恶; 糟透
n. 恶臭，难闻的气味
分布：臭味(60%)，臭气(25%)，招人讨厌(9%)，发臭味(6%)
→来自 stench 动词形式。拼写比较 bank,bench.
【记】源于：stench（n 恶臭；v 发恶臭）sink（n 下水槽）会stink
verb intransitive (stank or US AND Australian ENGLISH ALSO stunk, stunk)
SMELL 气味 informal
■to smell very unpleasant 散发异味，发出难闻的气味
• Your feet stink! 你的脚好臭！
• The morning after the party, the whole house stank of beer and cigarettes. 聚会后的第二天早上，整个房子都是啤酒和香烟的浊气。
• He hadn't washed for over a week and stank to high heaven (= greatly). 他有一个多星期没洗澡了，身上一股浓烈的异味。
• The woman next to me sprayed on some perfume and UKstank out / USstunk up the whole shop (= filled it with an unpleasant smell). 我旁边那个女人喷了些香水，整个商店里都弥漫着一股怪味。
[stɪŋk] verb intransitive (stank or US AND Australian ENGLISH ALSO stunk, stunk)
BE BAD 糟糕
■to be extremely bad or unpleasant 极糟糕；令人厌恶
• I think her whole attitude stinks. 我觉得她整个态度令人恶心。
• His acting stinks but he looks good, so he's offered lots of movie roles. 他的演技一塌糊涂，但人长得帅，所以获邀在许多影片中演出。
[stɪŋk] noun countable usually singular informal
■a strong unpleasant smell 恶臭；难闻气味
• The stink of rotting seaweed was strong along the seashore. 腐烂的海草在海滩上发出浓烈臭味。
[stɪŋk] noun countable usually singular informal
cause a stink informal
■to cause trouble and make people angry 引起麻烦，引起轩然大波；引起不快
• The article about political corruption caused a real stink. 那篇有关政治腐败的文章引起了轩然大波。
[stɪŋk] noun countable usually singular informal
create/kick up/raise a stink informal
■to make a strong public complaint 制造事端；滋事；起哄
• She created a stink about the lack of recycling facilities in the town. 她因城中缺乏废物回收设施而大吵大闹。
[stɪŋk] noun countable usually singular informal
like stink UK informal
■If someone works like stink, they work extremely hard. 非常卖力地，极努力地
n. [环境] 臭味；讨厌的人
 - smell, nuisance
vi. 发出臭味；招人讨厌
 - funk

Word: verbal
Front: verbal
[ˈvɜ:bl] (研六托雅宝 4037/4311 -2)
Vocabulary: verbal
(once / 792 pages)
adj
If your friend tells you that the speech you just made was really verbal, he means you used too many words, overstated the point, went on too long, were redundant.
Verbal simply means, "having to do with words." If you hit someone that's a physically assault, but if you say nasty things to him, it's a verbal assault. Sometimes we use verbal to mean "spoken instead of written," usually to talk about agreements we've made. A child who is verbal is a child who can speak, and we call someone who's very articulate a verbal person.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
aural / oral / verbal
Aural refers to the ear or hearing, and oral to the mouth or speaking. Something verbal is expressed in words, either spoken or written. Listen to the aural sensations of songs from outer space when you've been gassed for your oral surgery. Then stay non-verbal because you can't use words for a long time after the dentist wakes you up.
Aural is related to the sense of hearing:
While the songs may be familiar, the delivery is the aural version of having one's stocking stuffed. (technorati.com)
Audio teams capture far-flung aural impressions to set the proper movie mood (Dallas Morning News)
Our second word, oral, refers to something spoken (rather than written) or something related to the mouth:
The Long Island Storytelling Network will be telling tales at the library on Wednesday to help revive the oral tradition. (Storynet.org)
Oral cancer has always been a bigger threat to men than women. (Washington Post)
Now what about oral vs. verbal? They both relate to something expressed through words, but oral is spoken and verbal can be spoken or written. Oral and verbal are often used interchangeably — both describe spoken words after all. But they're not always interchangeable. If your little sister sticks everything in her mouth, she has an oral fixation. If she can recite the Constitution by age two, she's quite verbal. Consider these quotes from articles about college basketball:
K-State basketball gets oral commitment from 7-footer Diaz. (Wichita Eagle)
Gipson is Kansas State's second verbal commitment. (Fox Sports)
Using those definitions, Diaz told K-State he'd join the team. He didn't sign any paperwork. But Gipson could have signed on the dotted line, or he might have just spoken his commitment.
Remember: if it's related to the ear or hearing, you want aural. If it's related to something spoken or to the mouth, it's oral. And although verbal can mean spoken or written, oral can only mean spoken.
WORD FAMILY
verbal: nonverbal, verbalise, verbalism, verbalize, verbally+/ nonverbal: nonverbally/ verb: verbal, verbify, verbs/verbalise: verbalisation, verbalised, verbaliser/verbalised: unverbalised/verbalism: verbalisms/ verbalization: verbalizations/ verbalize: verbalization, verbalized, verbalizer, verbalizes, verbalizing/verbalized: unverbalized/verbally: non-verbally
USAGE EXAMPLES
Superintendent Eddie Johnson tells reporters that the officer shot the man several times during a “verbal altercation” shortly after 9 a.m.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Verbal rehearsal of material—the shopping list you recite as you walk the aisles of a supermarket—is part of our working memory system.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Also, he often prefers to educate somebody, with a verbal warning.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 词语的; 言语的; 口头的; 动词的
分布：口头的(47%)，动词的(29%)，动名词(9%)，逐字的(9%)，用文字的(3%)，用言语的(3%)
→来自verb,言语。
词语的[verb=word,表示"词语"]
a.用言辞的,用文字的;口头的;动词的The difference is merely verbal.那只不过是言辞上的差异.
US ['vɝ:-] adjective
SPOKEN 口头的
 ADVANCED
■spoken rather than written 口头的；非书面的
• a verbal agreement/description/explanation 口头协议／描述／解释
• Airport officials received a stream of verbal abuse from angry passengers whose flights had been delayed. 航班被延误，机场的官员们遭到了愤怒的乘客们的一顿臭骂。
UK ['vɜ:.bəl] US ['vɝ:-] adjective
WORDS 文字
■relating to words 用言辞的；文字的
• It can sometimes be difficult to give a verbal description of things like colours and sounds. 有时候可能很难用语言来描述颜色、声音之类的东西。
oral, verbal
这组词都有“口头表达的”的意思，其区别是：
oral: 侧重指用嘴进行表达或交流。
verbal: 指口头进行，但不排除使用文字的可能性。
adj. 口头的；言语的；动词的；照字面的
 - oral, spoken

Word: trek
Front: trek
[trek] (雅宝 9100/11501 -2)
Vocabulary: trek
(once / 2297 pages)
nv
Want to go on a trek through the mountains? Make sure you have good shoes, drinking water, and snacks. A trek is a long and difficult journey.
The word trek implies an extended trip that is hard — a climb up a mountain or a journey through dense forests. In the movies and TV shows called "Star Trek," the crew of the Enterprise is on a journey through space that will last a long time. You wouldn't say that you took a trek to the corner grocery unless you had to fight through three feet of snow to get there.
WORD FAMILY
trek: treking, trekked, trekker, trekking, treks+/trekker: trekkers
USAGE EXAMPLES
“They think it’s something you see in ‘Star Trek.’
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
From now until then, Spielvogel, an avid weightlifter, plans to throw in as much cardio as possible to prepare for the trek.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
I’ve been celebrating 50 years of Star Trek this year.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: v. 长途跋涉; 拖着腿走; 徒步旅行; （牛）拉货车
n. 长途跋涉; 艰难的旅程; 远距离行走
时态：trekked, trekking, treks
分布：长途跋涉(56%)，艰苦跋涉(44%)
→来 自 南 非 荷 兰 语 trek, 牛 车 ， 乘 牛 车 旅 行 或 迁 移 ， 来 自 荷 兰 语 trekken, 行 进 ， 来 自 Proto-Germanic*trakjana,拉，使移动，来自 dhragh,推，拉，词源同 drag,trigger.后引申词 义长途跋涉，远足等。
【记】trek＝tract拉，原指：拉着牛走的旅行－长途跋涉
verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition (-kk-)
■to walk a long distance, usually over land such as hills, mountains or forests （徒步）长途跋涉，翻山越岭
• We spent the day trekking through forests and over mountains. 白天我们穿过丛林，翻山越岭。
• informal I trekked walked a long and tiring distance all the way into town to meet him and he didn't even turn up. 我大老远好不容易进城来看他，他却连面都不露一下。
[trek] noun countable
■a long walk over land such as hills, mountains or forests （徒步）长途跋涉，翻山越岭
• We did an eight hour trek yesterday. 昨天我们走了八个小时。
■informal
■a walk that is long and difficult or makes you feel very tired 长途跋涉（很长而困难的一段行程，或使你感到非常疲累的行程）
• You can walk to town from here, but it's a bit of a trek. 你可以从这里走到城里去，但是路有些远。
n. 艰苦跋涉
 - treck
vt. （牛）拉（货车）；搬运
 - pull, draw, carry
vi. 艰苦跋涉
 - treck

Word: adorn
Front: adorn
[əˈdɔ:n] (托宝 8007/8692 -1)
Vocabulary: adorn
(once / 276 pages)
v
To adorn is to dress something up by decorating it. You might adorn your poncho with fringe or your poodle's dog collar with rhinestones.
Adorn shares some Latin roots with words like ornament and ornate. So it makes sense that some people adorn their Christmas trees with tinsel and lights. Others adorn their eyelids with glitter. In any case, if you want to adorn yourself with all kinds of fabulous baubles, it might be wise to follow Coco Chanel's advice: take at least one accessory off before you walk out the door.
WORD FAMILY
adorn: adorned, adorning, adornment, adorns+/adorned: unadorned / adornment: adornments
USAGE EXAMPLES
Across the hall is the massive dining room, adorned too with holiday decorations.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
On Sunday, New Yorkers were mesmerized by the artwork adorning the walls.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The picture was adorned with gold necklaces and rings.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: vt. 装饰，修饰; 佩戴; 使生色
时态：adorned, adorning, adorns
分布：装饰(91%)，佩戴(9%)
→前缀ad-, 去，往。词根orn,装饰，见ornament, 装饰物，词源同词根ord, 安排，见order.
装饰,修饰(ad加以+orn装饰)[orn=embellish,表示"装饰"]
【参】suborn（v 贿赂）；ornate（adj 华丽的）
US [-'dɔ:rn] literary
verb transitive
■to add something decorative to a person or thing 装扮；装饰
• The bride's hair was adorned with pearls and white flowers. 新娘的头上戴着珍珠和白花。
vt. 装饰；使生色
 - paint, hang

Word: legality
Front: legality
[li:ˈgæləti] (13905/11828)
Vocabulary: legality
(once / 4026 pages)
n
If you’re wondering about the legality of not paying taxes on your lottery winnings, then you’re wondering if it’s legal not to pay the taxes.
The noun legality traces back to the Latin word legalis, meaning law, and it used to indicate the degree to which something agrees with the law. If you question the legality of something, such as a wiretap, what you’re doing is questioning whether or not it’s legal in a court of law. You might hear someone say that a court validated the legality of a particular action. That means the court ruled that the action was legal.
WORD FAMILY
legality: legalities+/ illegal: illegalise, illegality, illegalize, illegally/ illegality: illegalities/ illegalize: illegalized/ legal: illegal, legaler, legalise, legalism, legality, legalize, legally, nonlegal/legalise: legalisation, legalised, legalises, legalising/legalism: legalisms/legalize: legalization, legalized, legalizes, legalizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The issue was not about the legality of the settlements.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
That’s why attacking the settlements’ legality—as opposed to questioning whether they’re prudent—is so insidious.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
The state Legislature’s attorney questioned the legality of using bridge tolls for the building.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 合法性; 墨守法规; 法律上的义务
分布：合法(57%)，合法性(42%)，正当(1%)
→来自legal,法律的。
合法性(leg+ality性质)[leg,legis=law,表示"法律"]
US [-tˌi] noun uncountable
■the fact that something is allowed by the law 合法，合法性
• Six journalists sought to challenge in court the legality of the ban on broadcasting. 六名记者在法庭上试图对禁播令的合法性提出质疑。
legalities [plural]
■the things which are demanded by law 法律要求，法律规定
• I'm not sure about the legalities, but I suggest we go ahead with the plan and see what happens. 我不太了解法律要求，但我建议我们先按计划行事，然后再看看会有甚么后果。
n. [法] 合法；合法性；墨守法规
 - legitimacy

Word: harmless
Front: harmless
[ˈhɑ:mləs] (高托 7615/6985 -K2)
Vocabulary: harmless
(once / 471 pages)
adj
Things that can't hurt you are harmless. It might be hard for you to believe her when your sister tells you that her enormous pet snake is completely harmless.
If your friend is scared of dogs, you can reassure her by saying, "Sure, he's 150 pounds and has a loud bark, but Fido is harmless!" Things that are safe or benign don't cause harm, and are therefore harmless, like your dad's harmless teasing or a compostable paper plate that's harmless to the environment. The word harmless originally meant "uninjured," or "not harmed," and came to mean "undamaged" by the end of the 1300s.
WORD FAMILY
harmless: harmlesser, harmlessly+/ harm: harmed, harmful, harming, harmless, harms/harmed: unharmed/ harmful: harmfully, harmfulness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The scientists tested slime molds' ability to habituate by challenging them with quinine and caffeine — chemicals that are bitter-tasting but otherwise harmless.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Raschke says the Dortmund hospital typically treats two to four such injuries each year, and the picture was “one of the more harmless ones.”
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Police later said the unattended bag was harmless.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 无害的，不致伤的; 没有受到损失或免于法律责任的
分布：无害的(91%)，无恶意的(9%)
US ['hɑ:rm-] adjective
 ADVANCED
■not able or not likely to cause harm 无害的；不会导致损伤的
• Peter might look a bit fierce, but actually he's fairly harmless. 彼得看上去可能有点凶，但他是不会伤人的。
• There were those who found the joke offensive, but Johnson insisted it was just a bit of harmless fun. 有人觉得这个玩笑有些讨厌，可是约翰逊却坚持认为这只是个无伤大雅的玩笑。
adj. 无害的；无恶意的
 - unharmful, noninjurious

Word: rapprochement
Front: rapprochement
[ræ'prɒʃmɒ̃] (宝 18980/23715 -1)
Vocabulary: rapprochement
(once / 13061 pages)
n
Rapprochement is the reestablishment of a happy relationship or arrangement. A peace treaty between warring nations is a kind of rapprochement.
People who usually get along sometimes come into conflict: formerly allied nations go to war, friends feud, and spouses divorce. If a conflict ends and the parties go back to being on good terms, they achieve rapprochement. This term is most often used in international politics — for example, when two countries make peace after a long war, that's rapprochement. The word means "reunion" or "reconciliation" in French, and its root is rapprocher, "to bring near."
WORD FAMILY
rapprochement: rapprochements
USAGE EXAMPLES
Even if Trump opts to pull back Obama’s sanctions and overlook hacking allegations, he may find rapprochement with Russia isn’t that simple.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Obama therefore sees this as the last chance to hold Russia accountable and to limit Trump’s options for rapprochement with Vladimir Putin after 20 January.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Historians will grapple with whether Obama’s forward-looking diplomatic achievements, like the Iran nuclear deal and rapprochement with Cuba, will outweigh his failings.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 友好，和睦; 〈外〉和解; 恢复邦交
分布：和解(100%)
→来自法语 rapprochement,和解，调解，来自 re-,往回，approach,靠近，-ment,名词后缀。比喻 用法。
【记】re再，approach（v 接近），ment：重修旧好
【反】estrangement（n 疏远）
US [ˌræ.proʊʃ'mɑ:ŋ] formal
noun countable or uncountable
■(an) agreement reached by opposing groups or people （与敌对群体或敌对之人达成的）和睦，和解，恢复友好关系
• There are signs of (a) rapprochement between the warring factions. 交战双方有了重修旧好的迹象。
n. 友好；恢复邦交；友善关系的建立
 - goodwill, amity

Word: simmer
Front: simmer
[ˈsɪmə(r)] (5998/12666 -2)
Vocabulary: simmer
(once / 1493 pages)
vn
Usually when you're making a soup, you want to bring it to a boil and then let it simmer, cooking it just below the boiling point to get all the flavors to release.
The word simmer is usually used to describe the temperature just below boiling or the process of cooking something at that temperature. But it can also be used to describe a feeling that's been simmering or slowly developing over time. It's also a word used to describe suppressed anger — that feeling just before you boil over. Just in case you do boil over, you might need to take a moment to simmer down, a casual expression that means, "Chill out, my friend."
WORD FAMILY
simmer: simmered, simmering, simmers+/simmering: simmerings
USAGE EXAMPLES
He said he wanted to allow time for the issue to simmer.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The Reeves-Vogel rivalry will hardly be the only one simmering inside what everyone here calls “Mr. Jefferson’s Capitol.”
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Simmer over medium-low heat until the liquid evaporates and the hibiscus flowers are soft and thickly coated, about 40 minutes, stirring occasionally.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 炖的状态或过程; 即将沸腾的状态; 勉强忍住的笑
vt. 炖; 使（液体）的温度维持在沸点或稍低于沸点的温度
vi. 炖; 内心充满，按捺着; 酝酿
时态：simmered, simmering, simmers
分布：炖(53%)，煨(29%)，内心充满(6%)，即将发作(6%)，即将爆发(6%)
→改写自 simperen,煨，炖，可能来自拟声词，模仿水轻微沸腾时发出的汩汩声。引申比喻义 怒火郁积，酝酿等。
US [-ɚ] verb
intransitive or transitive
■to cook something liquid, or something with liquid in it, at a temperature slightly below boiling 炖，煨
• Leave the vegetables to simmer for a few minutes. 把蔬菜再炖几分钟。
intransitive
■If a disagreement or negative emotion simmers, it grows slowly stronger over a period of time and could become more serious at any moment （分歧或消极情绪）酝酿，积聚
• The strike has been simmering for weeks. 罢工已经酝酿了好几个礼拜。
• She's been simmering with resentment ever since the meeting. 会议之后她便心生怨恨，一直耿耿于怀。
UK ['sɪm.ər] US [-ɚ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  simmer down informal
■to become less angry or excited about something （怒火或激动的情绪）平息，冷静下来，平静下来
• Come on kids! Simmer down and get on with your work! 快点，孩子们！安静下来开始做功课！
vi. 炖；内心充满；即将爆发
 - stew
vt. 炖
 - pot-roast, stew
n. 炖；即将沸腾的状态；即将发作
 - braising

Word: payout
Front: payout
[ˈpeɪaʊt] (13355/17463 -1)
Back: n. 支出; 花费
分布：名词(100%)
noun countable
■a large sum of money which is paid to someone 大笔付款
• With this insurance policy there is a maximum payout of £2500. 这份保单的最高赔付额为2500英镑。
n. 支出；花费
 - expenditure, spending

Word: cannon
Front: cannon
[ˈkænən] (研四六雅 8430/7136 -2)
Vocabulary: cannon
(once / 298 pages)
1nv 2n 3n 4nv
A cannon is a large gun that fires heavy metal shells or other projectiles. Originally it was attached to wheels and pulled by men.
More recently, cannon refers to the largest gun on a tank or the automatic guns on a plane. All cannons, however old they are, have basically the same shape — a long, thick tube. Not surprising, then, that the term comes from the Latin word canna, meaning "tube" or "reed." Do not confuse with the word canon, with one n, which is a term of classification, as in its most common usage, "the literary canon."
WORD FAMILY
cannon: cannoned, cannoneer, cannoning, cannons+/cannoneer: cannoneers
USAGE EXAMPLES
He’s relaxed, one hand on hip, the other leaning on a cannon.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
A stage adaptation of Janell Cannon’s book about a baby bat that falls into a bird’s nest.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
America’s Got Talent: Holiday Spectacular Reigning “AGT” champ Grace VanderWaal is among the performers in this encore special hosted by Nick Cannon.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 大炮; 机关炮; 榴弹炮; 加农炮
vi. 与…猛撞; 开炮
vt. 炮轰
时态：cannoned, cannoning, cannons
分布：大炮(71%)，开炮(13%)，机关炮(10%)，相撞(6%)
→来自cane, 芦苇。-on, 大词后缀。因形如大芦苇而得名。
n.大炮,火炮When the cannon was fired, the earth quaked.当开炮时,地在震动.
noun countable (plural cannon or cannons)
■a large, powerful gun fixed to two or four wheels, which fires heavy stone or metal balls, and which was used in the past （旧时的）大炮，火炮，加农炮
■a gun fastened to an aircraft （飞机上的）机关枪
['kæn.ən] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition UK
■to knock or hit against someone or something suddenly and forcefully as you are running 突然撞上，碰撞
• I was rushing along with my head down when I cannoned into an old lady walking the other way. 我正一路低头跑着，突然撞上了一个迎面走来的老妇人。
pistol, fifle, gun, cannon
这组词都有“枪，炮”的意思，其区别是：
pistol: 指手枪。
fifle: 指步枪类的枪。
gun: 系枪的通称。
cannon: 在军事上，现在gun指火炮，取代了cannon这一名词。
n. 大炮； [军] 加农炮；榴弹炮；机关炮
 - artillery gun, ordnance
vi. 炮轰；开炮
 - fire a gun
vt. 炮轰
 - shell

Word: debris
Front: debris
[ˈdebri:] (托雅宝 4572/6437 -2)
Vocabulary: debris
(once / 1812 pages)
n
Debris is trash scattered around after a disaster, like shattered glass on the road after a car accident.
Debris comes from French for "waste, rubbish." Although debris usually refers to the trash leftover after some kind of explosion or crash, it can also be what's on your floor after hosting a kid's make-your-own pizza party, or what you shouldn't leave at the park after a picnic. Sometimes Mother Nature leaves debris, such as a pile of rocks, or that car on your lawn after the flood recedes. Don't pronounce the "s": debris rhymes with "be free."
WORD FAMILY
debris
USAGE EXAMPLES
The sensors, which were installed in the 1990s, monitor fast-moving gushes of mud and debris, or lahars.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The other debris hadn’t been verified as from the plane.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Debris from the twister was everywhere, she said.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 碎片，残骸; 残渣; [地]岩屑; 垃圾，破片
分布：碎片(71%)，残骸(29%)
→de-, 分开，散开。-bris, 破开，词源同break, brittle. 即破成残骸的。
【记】我不想活了，让我变成残骸吧！最近股市山河一片绿！我欠的debt又rise了！！！deb＝debt，ris＝rise
US [də'bri:] noun uncountable
■broken or torn pieces of something larger 碎片，残骇
• Debris from the aircraft was scattered over a large area. 飞机残骇散落在一片很大的区域。
waste, debris, rubbish, litter, garbage, junk
这组词都有“废物，垃圾”的意思，其区别是：
waste: 普通用词，概念广泛，指任何被丢弃的东西。
debris: 着重指分解、分裂或破坏后剩下的碎片，也指零散的普通废品。
rubbish: 普通用词，指任何成堆的、破损的、用过的或无用的东西，尤指弃掉的垃圾堆。也可作引申用。
litter: 是四下乱丢物品的总称，尤指散落于地，有碍观瞻的废物。
garbage: 主要指有机废料，包括厨房的剩菜剩饭或不能再用的食物。也可作引申用。
junk: 指回收的旧汽车或大型机器，也指毫无实用价值，或破烂物体，但不指垃圾。
n. 碎片，残骸
 - remain, chip

Word: fanatic
Front: fanatic
[fəˈnætɪk] (托雅宝 10797/11667 -1)
Vocabulary: fanatic
(once / 539 pages)
nadj
If you’re apt to come off as a little zany and express extreme enthusiasm for a particular idea or thing, you may be described as a fanatic. "She’s a real vegetable fanatic; I’ve never seen someone so enthusiastic about gardening methods.
From the Latin fanaticus meaning “mad, enthusiastic,” the noun fanatic means “zealous person.” You know how right before the family gathers for Thanksgiving each year, everyone warns each other not to get your Uncle Jimmy started on the role of government in everyday life? That’s because he’s a fanatic, and as Winston Churchill so aptly phrased it, “A fanatic is someone who can’t change his mind and won’t change the subject.”
WORD FAMILY
fanatic: fanatical, fanatically, fanaticism, fanatics, fanatism+/ fanaticism: fanaticisms
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s not often when the computer geeks and football fanatics align in agreement.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Or being the helping and saving hand for those who are often fleeing from wars lead by extremists and fanatics?
New York Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Islamist terrorist fanatics and the west’s ascendant populist right are now working in tandem.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 狂热者，入迷者
adj. 狂热入迷的
分布：狂热的(35%)，狂热者(30%)，盲信者(17%)，盲信的(12%)，极端分子(6%)
→来自拉丁语fanum, 庙，神龛，神圣之地，词源同profane, festival,enthusiast. 即鬼神附体的，发狂的。
狂热的(fan入迷者)[-atic表形容词"有…性质的"]
狂热的(fan狂热者)[-ic 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人或学科"3.表名词"某种病"]
狂热的,盲信的(在庙里盲目信仰)[fan=temple(庙)]
【记】fan（n 扇子；迷；狂热者；爱好者）
【参】fancier（n 空想家；培育动植物的行家；爱好者）
US [-'nætˌ-] noun countable
■a person whose strong admiration for something is considered to be extreme or unreasonable 狂热者；入迷者
• a fitness/film fanatic 健身狂／对电影着迷的人
n. 狂热入迷者；盲信者；盲信
 - bigot
adj. 狂热的；盲信的
 - crazy, wild, enthusiastic

Word: intermediate
Front: intermediate
[ˌɪntəˈmi:diət] (研四六托雅 6876/4864 -2)
Vocabulary: intermediate
(once / 833 pages)
adjnv
Use the adjective intermediate when you find yourself in that in-between stage, like after you complete an introductory class but before you are ready for the advanced stuff.
The word intermediate comes from the Latin intermediatus, tracing back to intermedius, which combines inter-, meaning “between” and medius, meaning “middle.” So you can see that intermediate describes something or someone in the middle, between two distinct phases, like an intermediate swimmer who has mastered the basic strokes but isn't yet ready to join the racing team.
WORD FAMILY
intermediate: intermediated, intermediately, intermediates, intermediating, intermediation, intermediator+/intermediation: intermediations/intermediator: intermediators/ mediate: intermediate, mediacy, mediated, mediately, mediateness, mediates, mediating, mediation, mediator, mediatory/ mediated: unmediated/ mediation: mediations/ mediator: mediators/mediatory: mediatorily
USAGE EXAMPLES
West Texas Intermediate for February delivery dropped 29 cents, to $53.77 a barrel, on the New York Mercantile Exchange.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Yoga at Northwest One Beginner and intermediate levels; wear comfortable clothing.
Washington Post(Dec 13, 2016)
“Favorable” required at least three of the four factors, “intermediate” required two of them, and “unfavorable” required one or none.
New York Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: adj. 中间的，中级的
n. 中间物，中间分子，中间人
vi. 调解：充当调解人，调解; 干涉
分布：中间体(67%)，中间的(15%)，中级的(6%)，媒介物(4%)，调解(3%)，干涉(3%)，调解人(2%)
→inter-,在内，在中间，相互，-med,中间，词源同middle,mediate.即中间的，中级的。
a.中间的,居间的;中级的n.中间体,媒介物Gray is intermediate between black and white.灰色介于黑色和白色之间.
US [-tˌɚ-] adjective
 ADVANCED
■being between two other related things, levels or points 中间的，居中的
• There are three levels of difficulty in this game: low, intermediate and high. 这个游戏有三个难度级别
• This novel is too difficult for intermediate students of English. 这本小说对于中等程度的英语学习者来说太难了。
adj. [化学] 中间的，中级的
 - mid, medium, middle, secondary
n. [化学] [生化] 中间物；媒介
 - medium, intermediary agent

Word: hindsight
Front: hindsight
[ˈhaɪndsaɪt] (11154/9566 -1)
Vocabulary: hindsight
(once / 10736 pages)
n
People who are able to look back on the past and understand what happened have hindsight. If you go skating on a frozen lake and it cracks, in hindsight you'd know you should've paid attention to the giant "danger" sign.
Hindsight is like looking behind you to see what just happened (behind sight, get it?). Another way of describing retrospection, hindsight is a useful skill that can be cultivated. Hindsight often refers to a lesson learned from something going wrong. Billy Wilder, the American movie director, once commented wistfully, “Hindsight is always twenty-twenty.” It's much easier to see clearly after something happened than before.
WORD FAMILY
hindsight: hindsights
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Really, in hindsight, it was not one of the great games of all time.”
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
In hindsight, she says the media storm was “a gift”.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
But, with the benefit of hindsight, clues to the contrary were there.
BBC(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 后见之明; （步枪的）照尺; 表尺
分布：枪的照门(100%)
→hind,后面的，sight,看。比喻用法。
noun uncountable
■the ability to understand an event or situation only after it has happened 后见之明，事后孔明
• With (the benefit/wisdom of) hindsight, I should have taken the job. 现在想想，我真应该接受那份工作。
• In hindsight, it would have been better to wait. 事后看来，等一等会更好。
n. 后见之明；枪的照门
 - afterlight

Word: infringe
Front: infringe
[ɪnˈfrɪndʒ] (托雅宝 14867/10252 -1)
Vocabulary: infringe
(once / 1289 pages)
v
When you infringe on someone's space, time, or rights, you're getting involved in a way that is not cool. That's why, when you violate a copyright, you're said to infringe upon it.
Infringe is almost always used with the prepositions "on" or "upon," as in, "if you infringe on my rights, I'll sue you." Nobody knows why that's the case. Our language is full of rules and traditions that just are the way they are. We call these phrases "idiomatic." To infringe "on" or "upon" something is one of those. You don't infringe "into" someone's conversation. You infringe "upon" it. Case closed.
WORD FAMILY
infringe: infringed, infringement, infringes, infringing+/ infringement: infringements
USAGE EXAMPLES
First, she said, it potentially infringes on the federal protection of free speech.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
The state filed suit against the rule arguing it’s unconstitutional and infringes on the state’s authority to regulate mining and reclamation.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The second suit accuses Apple of infringing 10 patents, many of which deal with transmitting and amplifying radio signals.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 违反（规章等）; 侵犯（某人的权利）; 侵犯; 侵害（某人的自由、权益等）
时态：infringed, infringing, infringes
分布：侵犯(80%)，违反(20%)
→in-,进入，使，-fringe,破开，词源同break,fragment.引申词义违背，侵犯。
【记】in不，fringe（n 边缘；须边；刘海）－不在边缘之内－超过限制－违反
formal
verb transitive
■to break a rule, law, etc 违反，违背（规定、法律等）
• They infringed building regulations. 他们违反了建筑规章。
[ɪn'frɪndʒ] formal
verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  infringe on/upon sth
■If something infringes on/upon someone's rights or freedom, it takes away some of their rights or limits their freedom 侵犯（权利或自由）
• These restrictions infringe upon basic human rights. 这些限制侵犯了基本人权。
vt. 侵犯；违反；破坏
 - destroy, encroach on
vi. 侵犯；侵害
 - encroach on, to violate

Word: pariah
Front: pariah
[pəˈraɪə] (宝 17540/32796)
Vocabulary: pariah
(once / 5688 pages)
n
A pariah is someone that has been soundly rejected by their community. Your constant gossiping might make you a pariah on campus.
Pariah takes its name from a tribe in Southeast India. The pariahs were drummers, sorcerers, and servants who became untouchables in Indian society because of the unsanitary jobs they did. Pariah maintains this sense of untouchableness. Pariahs are not just unliked, they are avoided at all costs. Imagine how a once popular restaurant could gain pariah status if it fails health inspections three times in a row.
WORD FAMILY
pariah: pariahs
USAGE EXAMPLES
An ordinary Israeli who lives or works in the Old City of Jerusalem becomes an international pariah, a potential outlaw.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Eastern Ukraine's unrecognised separatist republics - based in Donetsk and Luhansk - are international pariahs and economically dependent on Russia.
BBC(Dec 19, 2016)
“He’s already punished, he’s punished because he’s a pariah. He’s someone who can’t live in town anymore.”
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 被社会遗弃者; <史>贱民
分布：贱民(75%)，被社会遗弃者(15%)，南印度的最下级民(10%)
→来自葡萄牙语paria,来自南印度泰米尔语paraiyar,鼓手。因印度是一个种姓制度严格的国家，鼓手来自最低等级，即贱民阶级。
【记】par怕，ia病，h：贱民都有害怕人的病。
noun countable
■a person who is not accepted by a social group, especially because he or she is not liked, respected or trusted 为社会所抛弃者；受蔑视的人；不被信任者
n. 贱民（印度的最下阶级）
 - doggery, canaille

Word: nuisance
Front: nuisance
[ˈnju:sns] (研四六雅 8738/5300 -1)
Vocabulary: nuisance
(once / 1144 pages)
n
Whether it’s a mosquito or your little brother pestering you about the laundry, you can use the word nuisance to describe something that causes small annoyances.
The noun nuisance traces back to the Latin word nocere, meaning “to harm.” Nuisance originally was used to refer to things that could produce serious injury and harm, but over time the word lost some of its capacity for destruction. Nowadays you’ll hear nuisance used to describe things or people that cause small problems or that bother you in annoying but trivial ways.
WORD FAMILY
nuisance: nuisances
USAGE EXAMPLES
But district officials said trapping one nuisance coyote may not solve the problem because other coyotes may still be attracted to the area.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Our media are being disregarded as facts are viewed as a nuisance to ignore.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Q. Attractive nuisance: My husband and I live in a small, tight-knit development full of families with young kids.
Slate(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 讨厌的东西（人，行为）麻烦事; 非法妨害，损害; 麻烦事
分布：讨厌的东西(56%)，讨厌的人(32%)，伤害(12%)
→来自古法语nuisance,伤害，损伤，来自拉丁语nocere,去伤害，谋害，词源同necro-,noxious,innocent.后词义弱化，用来指妨害行为，讨厌的人。
n.讨厌的人(或东西);麻烦事What a nuisance, the suit is ruined due to the unsuitable style.真糟,这套服装由于款式不合适而毁了.
US ['nu:-] noun countable or uncountable
 ADVANCED
■something or someone that annoys you or causes trouble for you 恼人的事物（或人）；麻烦的事物（或人）
• I've forgotten my umbrella - what a nuisance! 我忘了带伞——真讨厌！
• [+ -ing verb] It 's such a nuisance having to rewrite those letters. 还要重写那些信，真是烦人。
• I hate to be a nuisance, but could you help me? 我不想给你添麻烦，但你能帮个忙吗？
• Local residents claimed that the noise was causing a public nuisance. 当地居民称这种噪音妨害了公共利益。
make a nuisance of yourself
■to cause trouble or to annoy other people 造成麻烦；惹人讨厌
n. 讨厌的人；损害；麻烦事；讨厌的东西
 - injury, harm, damage

Word: preferential
Front: preferential
[ˌprefəˈrenʃl] (12002/12503 -1)
Vocabulary: preferential
(once / 9037 pages)
adj
Something that's preferential gives one person or group a big advantage over others. If your soccer coach never makes you sit on the bench and always hands you the first Gatorade, she gives you preferential treatment.
Giving preferential treatment or having a preferential attitude shows that you are partial to one person or group of people. And if you act in a preferential way, it gives the person you prefer an advantage over everyone else. Preferential treatment could include giving one party guest the first pick of party favors, or a state government giving one school district more money than other schools.
WORD FAMILY
preferential: preferentially+/ prefer: preferable, preference, prefering, preferment, preferred, preferring, prefers/ preferable: preferably / preference: preferences, preferential /preferment: preferments/ preferred: preferredly
USAGE EXAMPLES
But the 1997 deal tried to prevent any preferential treatment, no matter how big the companies became.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
In Washington, the Kansas idea—preferential business tax rates—is part of the Republican plan for the biggest federal tax overhaul in 30 years.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 23, 2016)
Issues may also arise around Trump’s use of corporate resources for his campaign, or preferential payments by his campaign to his corporation.
Salon(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 优先的; 优先选择的; 特惠的
分布：优先的(45%)，特惠的(32%)，优待的(23%)
US [-ə'ren-] adjective [before noun]
■describes something you are given which is better than what other people receive 优先的；优待的，优惠的
• Inmates claimed that some prisoners had received preferential treatment. 犯人声称有些囚犯受到了优待。
• Single mothers have been given preferential access to council housing. 单亲妈妈被授予了优先享用公有住宅的权利。
adj. [税收] 优先的；选择的； [贸易] 特惠的；先取的
 - prior, underlying

Word: adhere
Front: adhere
[ədˈhɪə(r)] (研四六托雅宝 6516/6380 -2)
Vocabulary: adhere
(once / 267 pages)
v
If you don't want monkey droppings to adhere to the sole of your shoe, watch where you’re walking. Maybe if you'd adhere, or stick to, the zoo rules and stay on the walking path, you wouldn't have to worry about it.
Adhere is from the 15th-century French verb meaning "to stick." Things that are sticky will adhere, or attach, to surfaces and stay there, whether you want them to or not; in other words, they're adhesive, an adjective that comes from the same Latin source as the French verb. When a person chooses to adhere to something, it is more of a choice to stick with it or agree to abide by rules or guidelines. You can also adhere by being loyal, as when you adhere to the high moral standards or behavior expected of some organization.
WORD FAMILY
adhere: adhered, adherent, adheres, adhering, adhesion, adhesive +/ adherence: adherences/ adherent: adherence, adherents/ adhesion: adhesions/ adhesive: adhesively, adhesiveness, adhesives, nonadhesive
USAGE EXAMPLES
“In this area, let us adhere, clearly and faithfully, to ‘zero tolerance.'”
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
State media reported that Yu called on Catholic churches to adhere to “socialism with Chinese characteristics.”
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
But the company says its photo department workers “are required to adhere to a strict confidentiality policy.”
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vi. 黏附; 附着; 坚持; 追随
vt. 使粘附; 遵循，坚持; 追随，依附
时态：adhered, adhering, adheres
分布：坚持(79%)，遵守(17%)，粘附(4%)
→前缀ad-, 去，往。词根here, 粘结，见inherent, 内在的。
坚持(ad+here粘→粘在一起→坚持)[ad-加在在单词或词根前,表示"做…,加强..."]
粘着,依附(ad增加+here→粘上)[her,hes=stick,表示"粘附"]
vi.(to)粘着;坚持,遵守;依附,追随Thereafter, I adhered to the coherence inherent to the theory.此后,我粘对理论固有的连贯性.
【记】ad朝向，here粘，坚持
【反】detach（v 分离）
US [-'hɪr] formal
verb intransitive
■to stick firmly 黏附，附着
• A smooth, dry surface helps the tiles adhere to the wall. 平滑、干燥的墙面有助于瓷砖黏在墙上。
UK [əd'hɪər] US [-'hɪr] formal
verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  adhere to sth
■to continue to obey a rule or have a belief 坚持；遵守；忠于
• She adhered to her principles/ideals throughout her life. 她终生对自己的原则／理想忠贞不渝。
• They failed to adhere to the terms of the agreement/treaty. 他们没有遵守协议／条约的条款。
• The translator has obviously adhered very strictly to the original text. 显然，译者严格忠实于原文。
conform, comply, abide, adhere
这组词都有“遵守”的意思，其区别是：
conform: v.后接to表示“遵守，符合”。
 • All individuals are required to conform to the laws made by their governments.   每个人都应该遵守政府制订的法律。
comply: v.后接with表示“遵守，服从”，用于正式的场合。
 • Our company complies with governmental regulations on paying taxes.   我们公司遵守政府有关纳税的规定。
abide: v.后接by表示“遵守，同意”。
 • I will abide by the director' decision.   我将遵从主任的决定。
adhere: v.后接to表示“遵守”。(当然adhere一词的其它意思如“坚持；粘附”也经常被考到。)
 • Car drivers must adhere to the rules of driving.   汽车司机必须遵守驾驶规则。
persevere, insist, persist, cling, adhere
这组词都有“坚持”的意思，其区别是：
persevere: 含褒义，强调坚持不懈的努力。
insist: 通常用于对意见、主张等的坚持。
persist: 用于褒义指坚持继续做某事，但更常用于贬义，指不听劝告，顽固坚持。
cling: 和to连用，指对信仰、意见、习惯等的坚持。
adhere: 与to连用，指坚持意见、计划或承诺等，含坚持不懈之意。
stick, glue, adhere, cling, cohere
这些动词均有“粘着、附着”之意。
stick: 常指用胶水或浆糊粘贴，词义引申指坚持。
glue: 与stick的本义相同，指用胶水把东西粘合在一起，没有“坚持”的含义。
adhere: 正式用词，语气较严肃刻板，既可指物体粘在一起，也可指坚持信仰或忠于事业等。
cling: 着重靠缠绕、紧抱、紧抓等方式而形成密切关系。也可作引申用。
cohere: 指物质微粒粘合在一起，成为不可分离的整体，强调所形成新物体的不可分割性。可引申指逻辑上的前后一致。
vi. 坚持；依附；粘着；追随
 - stay, stand on

Word: puny
Front: puny
[ˈpju:ni] (宝 15824/19445)
Vocabulary: puny
(once / 2456 pages)
adj
Are your muscles looking small, weak, and totally inferior? In other words, puny? Sounds like somebody needs to eat more spinach.
Tiny, shrimpy, wimpy and totally unthreatening. That's puny in a nutshell — a very small, totally lame looking nutshell. It's most often used to describe someone's inferior physique, but can also apply to anything little that's not about to get in your way. A puny mountain would be no challenge to an Olympic skier, just as a puny plate of hot dogs would be laughable to a world speed-eating champion.
WORD FAMILY
puny: punier, puniest, punily, puniness, punyer
USAGE EXAMPLES
Unpersuaded by the prospect of sunshine after two days of rain, Baffert yanked Arrogate, thus shrinking an already puny field to a wagering-unfriendly four.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“He gets our puny human brain to appreciate five dimensions.”
Nature(Dec 14, 2016)
You’ve heard the horror stories about many Americans retiring with puny nest eggs and little income to live on.
Time(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. 小于一般尺寸的; 微不足道的; 弱小的; 微弱的
级别：punier, puniest
分布：微不足道的(65%)，微小的(25%)，瘦弱的(10%)
→来自古法语puisne,最小的，最后出生的，来自puis,以后，在后，来自拉丁语post,在后。-ne,出生，词源同natal.引申词义小的，弱的，劣质的，孱弱的。
【记】源于：pony（小马）pu扑，ny你：我敢扑上去打你，是因为你体格弱小的
【参】enormous（adj 巨大的）
adjective
■small; weak; not effective 小的；弱的；微不足道的；无效的
• a puny little man 瘦小的男人
• My car only has a puny little engine. 我的车只有一个马力很小的引擎。
• The party's share of the vote rose from a puny 11% in the last election to 21% this time. 该党的得票率从上次选举中可怜的11%上升到这次的21%。
adj. 弱小的；微不足道的；微小的
 - tiny, micro, minute, bit

Word: stroll
Front: stroll
[strəʊl] (研六托宝 5880/10056 -2)
Vocabulary: stroll
(once / 338 pages)
nv
As a noun, a stroll is a leisurely walk. After a heavy meal, you may want to go out for a stroll to help you work off some of the calories. You also will take a stroll on your day off and the weather is nice.
The word stroll originally came to English through the German word strollen, which means to wander aimlessly. The word stroll can also be used as a verb meaning to take a leisurely walk in which you do some wandering. You may enjoy a stroll through the park, along the beach, or down the city streets — take your time.
WORD FAMILY
stroll: strolled, stroller, strolling, strolls+/ stroller: strollers
USAGE EXAMPLES
While strolling the streets of “the real Bedford Falls,” I encountered a man with the same Seahawks beanie I was wearing.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
On a recent stroll through Olongapo, Mr. Cortez reflected fondly on the U.S. military’s rich history in the city and nearby Subic Bay.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Earlier this year, we were strolling along a marina in Portugal and a family passed us – a mother, father and daughter.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 闲逛; 漫步
vi. 散步; 奔波
vt. 溜达
时态：strolled, strolling, strolls
分布：漫步(75%)，闲逛(25%)
→俚语词，词源不确定，可能合成自 stray,偏离，或 street,街道，troll,闲逛，游荡。
n. & v.漫步;散步;游荡The enrolled jolly stroller polled on the trolley.被招收的快乐的散步者在无轨电车上投票.
【记】是street和roll（v 滚动；转圈）的组合－在大街上转圈－闲逛
【参】scroll（n 卷轴）
US [stroʊl] verb intransitive
■to walk in a slow relaxed manner, especially for pleasure 散步，蹓跶
• We could stroll into town if you like. 如果你愿意的话，我们可以去城里走走逛逛。
pace, stroll, strut, stride, walk
这组词都有“行走，徒步”的意思，其区别是：
pace: 指踱步，走步。
stroll: 多指走走停停，步子缓慢，悠闲自得，漫无目的。
strut: 指大摇大摆地走，含过分自信或自高自大意味。
stride: 着重步子大而且节奏有力，流露出匆忙、烦恼、得意等情绪。
walk: 最常用词，中性词，指除跑、跳之外所有移步的动作。
wander, stroll, roam, ramble
这组词都有“徘徊、漫游”的意思，其区别是：
wander: 指无目的地到处徘徊或闲荡。
stroll: 常指无明确目的他悠闲而缓慢地漫游。
roam: 常指在广阔地方以自得其乐的愉快心情作无固定目标的漫游。
ramble: 一般指走走停停，心情愉快，步履轻松。
n. 漫步；闲逛；巡回演出
 - tour, bummel
vi. 散步；闲逛；巡回演出
 - roam around, have a walk
vt. 散步；闲逛
 - roam around, have a walk

Word: aesthetic
Front: aesthetic
[i:sˈθetɪk] (研六托雅宝 4296/5161 -2)
Vocabulary: aesthetic
(once / 1071 pages)
adjn
The adjective aesthetic comes in handy when the subject at hand is beauty or the arts. A velvet painting of dogs playing poker might have minimal aesthetic appeal.
Aesthetic, from a Greek word meaning "perception," comes to us from German philosophers who used it for a theory of the beautiful. From this technical sense, it soon came to refer to good taste and to artistry in general; if something has "aesthetic value," it has value as a work of art (even if nobody will pay much for it). It does not, however, refer to the objects themselves; do not talk about an "aesthetic painting."
WORD FAMILY
aesthetic: aesthetically, aesthetician, aesthetics, inaesthetic, unaesthetic+/ aesthetician: aestheticians/ aesthetics: aesthetical
USAGE EXAMPLES
His best-known work was "Ways of Seeing", a criticism of western cultural aesthetics, but he also won the Booker Prize for his novel G.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Pope’s sarcastic rules to achieving bathos in poetry were a clear attack on the aesthetic and moral climate of his time.
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
This game is unlikely to be aesthetic, but will be all the more compelling for that.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 美的，美学的; 有关美的; 审美的; 具有审美趣味的
n. 美学标准，美感; 审美观
分布：审美的(47%)，美学的(46%)，有美感的(7%)
审美的,美学的(对美有感觉)[a)esthet=feeling,表示"感觉"]
a.(esthetic)美学的,艺术的;审美的The play is an aesthetic success.这部戏剧是个艺术上的成功.
US [-'θetˌ-] adjective
■relating to the enjoyment or study of beauty 美感的；审美的；美学的
• The new building has little aesthetic value/appeal. 新楼几乎没有甚么美学价值。
■describes an object or a work of art that shows great beauty 美的；艺术的
• furniture which is both aesthetic and functional 既美观又实用的家俱
adj. 美的；美学的；审美的，具有审美趣味的
 - esthetical

Word: attachment
Front: attachment
[əˈtætʃmənt] (六托 5689/5553)
Vocabulary: attachment
(once / 444 pages)
n
Attachment is a sticky word: an email attachment fastens a file to an email, while someone who has an attachment to email loves email. Attachment brings things together.
Attachment is a word that's equal parts mechanical and emotional. Many gadgets — such as cameras and tractors — have attachments that allow them to get more done, like a tractor attachment for plowing snow. People have attachments to bands, political movements, sports teams, hobbies, and each other. It's important for babies to develop attachments to their parents — this means they're bonding with their parents. Attachment is a lot like duct tape — it fastens people and things together.
WORD FAMILY
attachment: attachments+/ attach: attachable, attached, attaching, attachment / attached: attachedly, unattached
USAGE EXAMPLES
I wrote several columns about the harm that an irrational attachment to firearms causes.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
After birth, the process of attachment depends on parents’ sensitive and positive interactions with the baby.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
At least one person opened attachments with malicious software.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. （用电子邮件发送的）附件，附属物; 依恋，依附; 扣押财产<法>逮捕，扣押（人，财产）
分布：附件(69%)，依恋(20%)，附属物(4%)，忠诚(3%)，依赖(3%)，附著(1%)
noun
CONNECT 连接
 ADVANCED countable
■an extra piece of equipment that can be added to a machine 附件；附属物；附加设备
• This food processor has a special attachment for grinding coffee. 这个食品加工器附有一个专门用来研磨咖啡的装置。
[ə'tætʃ.mənt] noun
COMPUTING 电脑技术
 ADVANCED countable
■a computer file which is sent together with an email message 附件
• I'll email my report to you as an attachment. 我将把我的报告作为附件电邮给你。
• I wasn't able to open that attachment. 我打不开那个附件。
[ə'tætʃ.mənt] noun
FEELING OF LOVE 爱慕
countable or uncountable
■a feeling of love or strong connection to someone or something 喜爱，爱慕；依恋
• At university I formed a strong attachment to one of my tutors. 上大学时，我和一位导师建立了很深厚的感情。
• She is unlikely to give up her lifelong attachment to feminist ideas. 她不大可能放弃她终生信奉的女权主义思想。
[ə'tætʃ.mənt] noun
TAKING GOODS 拿走物品
countable or uncountable UK legal
■the act of arresting a person for failing to obey the order of a court, or of officially taking their property because they have failed to pay money that they owe （对债务人或其财产的）扣押
accessory, supplement, appendix, attachment, addition
这组词都有“附加物、增加物”的意思，其区别是：
accessory: 作“附件”解时，与attachment同义，可互换，但还指增加美观的附属品。
supplement: 主要指使书、报等正广更完善而额外增加的部分。
appendix: 指书末的附录。
attachment: 指用于扩大原物用途的附件。
addition: 仅强调数量的增加。
affection, love, attachment
这些名词均含“爱、热爱”之意。
affection: 指对人的爱慕或深厚、温柔的感情，侧重感情的深沉。
love: 比affection的语气更强。表示一种难以控制的激情。
attachment: 通常用于书面文字中，既可指对某人某物的喜欢，又可指出自理智对某人或某物的热爱，尤指长时间的爱。
n. [机] 附件；依恋；连接物；扣押财产
 - joining, enclosure

Word: fuse
Front: fuse
[fju:z] (研六托雅 10364/9764 -1)
Vocabulary: fuse
(once / 685 pages)
1nv 2n 3v
A fuse is something that burns in order to ignite a bomb. Do you see anything near you that resembles a bundle of dynamite sticks with a fuse burning down? If so, stop reading this and GET OUT OF HERE!
Figuratively, if you say that someone has a short fuse, it means they get angry easily. If someone gets so angry they lose their temper, you can say that they blew a fuse. But this comes from another meaning of fuse — a device that interrupts the flow of electrical current so the system doesn’t get overloaded. If you use the toaster, microwave and dishwasher at the same time, you might literally blow a fuse. As a verb, if two things fuse, they blend or stick together.
WORD FAMILY
fuse: fused, fuses, fusible, fusing, fusion +/ fusion: fusions
USAGE EXAMPLES
Fused into abstractions, the disparate pieces yield paintings that are as eventful as epic Renaissance canvasses.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
It’s difficult to fuse such contrasting styles, both for Mr. Marsalis as composer and the Philharmonic musicians.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Proponent Aaron Ostrom, executive director of the progressive activist organization Fuse Washington, hailed the program’s launch.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vi. 熔化; 融合
vt. 使融合; 使融化; 给…装信管
n. 保险丝; 导火线; 雷管; 引信
时态：fused, fusing, fuses
分布：保险丝(42%)，融合(37%)，导火线(9%)，熔化(6%)，引线(4%)，装引信于(1%)，装导线(1%)
→来自拉丁语fundere, 倾注，倾泻，词源同foundry, alchemy, confused. 用于冶炼学术语，如冶金，炼铁，玻璃冶炼等，引申词义融化，融合。fuse 保险丝
n.保险丝,导火线,引信v.熔化,熔合I refuse to accuse Fuse of diffusing confusion.我拒绝控告导火索散播混乱.
noun countable
SAFETY PART 安全部件
■a small safety part in an electrical device or piece of machinery which causes it to stop working if the electric current is too high, and so prevents fires or other dangers 保险丝
• My hairdrier's stopped working - I think the fuse has blown/ UK also gone (= broken). 我的吹风机坏了——我想可能是保险丝断了。
• Have you tried changing the fuse? 你有没试过换根保险丝？
[fju:z] noun countable
DEVICE ON EXPLOSIVE 爆炸装置
■a string or piece of paper connected to a firework or other explosive product by which it is lit, or a device inside a bomb which causes it to explode after a fixed length of time or when it hits or is near something 导火索；导火线引信；信管
• He lit the fuse and ran. 他点燃了导火索后就跑了。
[fju:z] noun countable
have a short fuse
■to get angry very easily 十分易怒
[fju:z] verb intransitive or transitive
JOIN 结合
■to join or become combined 熔合；结合
• Genes determine how we develop from the moment the sperm fuses with the egg. 从精子和卵子结合的那一刻起，基因就决定了我们会如何成长。
• The bones of the skull are not properly fused at birth. 出生的时候头骨结合得并不紧密。
• In Istanbul, East and West fuse together in a way that is fascinating to observe. 在伊斯坦堡，观察东西方的融合是件令人兴味盎然的事。
[fju:z] verb intransitive or transitive
MELT 熔化
■to (cause to) melt (together) especially at a high temperature （使）熔化
• The heat of the fire fused many of the machine's parts together. 炽灼的大火把机器的很多部件都熔化在了一起。
[fju:z] verb intransitive or transitive
STOP WORKING 停止工作 UK When an electrical device or piece of machinery fuses, or when someone or something fuses it, it stops working because the electric current is too high （使）（因保险丝熔断而）停止工作
• Either my headlights have fused or the bulbs have gone. 要么是车前灯的保险丝断了，要么是灯泡坏了。
• The kids were messing around with the switches and they fused the lights. 孩子们瞎捣鼓开关，结果把灯的保险丝烧断了。
fuse, dissolve, melt
这组词都有“融化，溶解”的意思，其区别是：
fuse: 可与melt换用，但侧重指在高温下使两种或两种以上金属的熔合，也可作引申用。
dissolve: 多指固体溶于溶剂的过程。
melt: 最常用词，指任何固体的熔化过程，常引申作“消散、淡化或消失”解。
vi. 融合；熔化，熔融
 - flux, melt down
vt. 使融合；使熔化，使熔融
 - melt, flux
n. [电] 保险丝； [军] [矿业] 导火线，雷管
 - signal, safety wire

Word: discrepancy
Front: discrepancy
[dɪsˈkrepənsi] (研六雅宝 6872/7003 -1)
Vocabulary: discrepancy
(once / 2408 pages)
n
A discrepancy is a lack of agreement or balance. If there is a discrepancy between the money you earned and the number on your paycheck, you should complain to your boss.
There is a discrepancy when there is a difference between two things that should be alike. For example, there can be a wide discrepancy or a slight discrepancy between two objects, stories, or facts. The noun discrepancy is from Latin discrepare "to sound differently," from the prefix dis- "from" plus crepare "to rattle, creak."
WORD FAMILY
discrepancy: discrepancies+/discrepant: discrepancy, discrepantly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The agency looked into it, saw discrepancies and referred the matter to the Office of Inspector General.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The discrepancies generated an internal investigation that appears to be ongoing.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
That may be why even Days Inn was getting hung up on as it tried to fix the price discrepancy.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 矛盾; 不符合（之处）
分布：差异(81%)，不一致(14%)，分歧(5%)
→dis-, 分开，散开。-crep, 破裂声，词源同crevice, decrepit. 引申词义争吵，不一致。
n.相差;差异;矛盾;There was a discrepancy in the two reports.在两个报告中有不一致之处.
【记】源于下面的discretediscre＝disco，pan平底锅：disco唱片和平底锅都是圆的但是有差异，就像事实和宣称之间
【参】decrepit（adj 衰老的）
【反】converge（v 汇聚）；consonant（adj 一致的）－discrepant（adj 不一致的）
[dɪ'skrep.ənt.si] formal
noun countable or uncountable
■(a) difference between two things that should be the same 不一致，出入，差异
• There is some discrepancy between the two accounts. 这两份帐单之间有一些出入。
• The committee is reportedly unhappy about the discrepancy in numbers. 据说委员会对数字不一致很不满。
difference, distinction, discrimination, discrepancy
这组词都有“差别，区别”的意思，其区别是：
difference: 普通用词，可指事物本质上的差异或数量上的差额，也可指事物在某一方面的差别，还可指人们之间的不同意见。
distinction: 较正式用词，除指事物在本质上的差别外，还指在某一方面或某一细节上的区分，要在认真观察、研究后才易觉察。
discrimination: 侧重指在判断、见识方面的差别，也可指待遇上的区别。
discrepancy: 多用于言论和记述方面，指两物之间缺乏使之相似或平衡的协调。
n. 不符；矛盾；相差
 - conflict, unconformity

Word: handbag
Front: handbag
[ˈhændbæg] (中高 11790/7266 -1)
Back: n. （女用）手提包; 旅行包
分布：手提包(100%)
noun countable (US also purse)
 ADVANCED
■a small bag for money, keys, make-up, etc. carried especially by women （尤指女式）手提包，手袋
sack, handbag, purse, bag
这组词都有“袋”的意思，其区别是：
sack: 应用较窄，指较大的袋子，如麻袋等。
handbag: 指手提包，尤指女人用的手提包。
purse: 指钱包或小钱袋，在美国相当于bandbag。
bag: 普通用词，指一般的口袋，有时也指手提包。
n. 手提包
 - gripesack

Word: kickback
Front: kickback
[ˈkɪkbæk] (17780/36577 -1)
Back: n. 强烈反应; <俚>佣金，回扣
分布：回扣(93%)，强烈的反应(7%)
→比喻用法。
noun countable
■an amount of money that is paid to someone illegally in exchange for secret help or work （不合法的）回扣，酬金
n. 回扣，佣金；强烈反应；退回赃物
 - brokerage, rake-off

Word: implausible
Front: implausible
[ɪmˈplɔ:zəbl] (宝 17010/15132)
Vocabulary: implausible
(once / 14004 pages)
adj
Something that's implausible is farfetched or unlikely. If it's 3pm and you still have to study for three exams and write an essay before midnight, it’s implausible that you’ll also have time to watch a movie.
The adjective implausible breaks down into im, meaning “not,” and "plausible," meaning likely. So it simply means "not likely." Implausible ideas or stories usually get high marks for creativity, but they're just too crazy to be believable. But as philosopher Rene Descartes noted, “One cannot conceive anything so strange and so implausible that it has not already been said by one philosopher or another.”
WORD FAMILY
implausible: implausibility, implausibleness, implausibly+/implausibility: implausibilities/ plausibility: plausibilities/ plausible: implausible, plausibility, plausibleness, plausibler, plausiblest, plausibly
USAGE EXAMPLES
It seems implausible that she will refashion herself as a hawk a la Clinton.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Graves makes a reasonable case that the three million figure is so high as to be implausible on its face.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 29, 2016)
Some of these are more implausible than others.
The Guardian(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 难以置信的，似乎不合情理的，不太可能的
分布：不像真实的(44%)，似乎不合情理的(28%)，难信的(28%)
→im-,不，非，plausible,看起来有道理的。
【记】plausible（adj 似是而非的）
【反】believable（adj 可信的；令人相信的）；verisimilar（adj 好象真实的）
US [-'plɑ:.zə-] adjective
■difficult to believe, or unlikely 难以置信的；不可能的
• The whole plot of the film is ridiculously implausible. 影片的整个情节荒谬得令人难以置信。
adj. 难以置信的，不像真实的
 - incredible, unbelievable, fabulous

Word: mutiny
Front: mutiny
[ˈmju:təni] (16338/14607 -1)
Vocabulary: mutiny
(once / 568 pages)
nv
A mutiny is a rebellion against authority, like when sailors overthrow the captain of a ship or when a class of 8th graders refuses to dissect a frog in biology class.
Mutiny comes from an old verb, mutine, which means "revolt," and a mutiny is still like a revolt. It can be a group of people, like in the famous Mutiny on the Bounty in 1789 when the crew of a British Royal Navy ship kicked the captain out so they could stay in Tahiti. (Totally worth it.) A mutiny doesn't have to be at sea or in the military; it can be to "refuse the order of the person in authority," in other words, every teacher's nightmare.
WORD FAMILY
mutiny: mutineer, mutinied, mutinies, mutinous, mutinying+/mutineer: mutineers/ mutinous: mutinously
USAGE EXAMPLES
The second season proved the depth of this sleeper hit, focusing on the two women as they set up their gaming company, Mutiny.
The Guardian(Dec 02, 2016)
Desperation caused unrest, which lead to petty crimes, attempted mutinies and coordinated efforts to escape.
Salon(Nov 19, 2016)
Mutinies broke out in the German fleet and spread in the army, and a small Communist party hoped to repeat Lenin’s success in Russia.
Time(Nov 16, 2016)
Back: n. 叛乱，兵变; 哗变，暴动
vi. 违抗上级命令; 叛变，反叛; 参加叛乱; 暴动
vt. & vi. （尤指士兵或船员）不服从，反抗，反叛
时态：mutinied, mutinying, mutinies
分布：兵变(40%)，叛乱(31%)，叛变(29%)
→来自拉丁语movere,移动，运动，词源同move,-t,过去分词后缀。后引申词义军事哗变，反叛，哗变，暴乱等，特指士兵或船员的暴乱。词义可能受拉丁语mutare的影响，即使改变，要求改变。
叛乱,兵变(mut+iny)[mut=change,表示"改变"]
US [-tˌɪ-] noun countable or uncountable
■when a group of people, especially soldiers or sailors, refuse to obey orders and/or attempt to take control from people in authority （尤指士兵或船员的）叛乱，哗变，暴动
• Conditions on the ship were often very bad, and crews were on the point of mutiny. 船上的情况往往非常恶劣，船员随时可能发动哗变。
• There were rumours of mutiny among the troops. 部队里有兵变的传言。
• Soldiers and police killed 250-300 prisoners while crushing mutinies in three jails. 士兵和员警在镇压三个监狱的暴动时击毙了250至300名囚犯。
UK ['mju:.tɪ.ni] US [-tˌɪ-] verb intransitive
■to take part in a mutiny 反叛，叛变
• The crew mutinied and murdered the ship's captain. 船员哗变，杀害了船长。
• The troops mutinied against their officers. 士兵反抗他们的长官。
n. 兵变；叛乱；暴动
 - rebellion, insurgency
vi. 反叛；暴动；参加叛乱
 - rebel, revolt

Word: refresh
Front: refresh
[rɪˈfreʃ] (高研四六托宝 12356/11300 -1)
Back: vt. 使恢复，使振作; 使焕然一新，翻新; 给（电池）充电
vi. 恢复精神; 补充给养
时态：refreshed, refreshing, refreshes
分布：提神(70%)，提醒(30%)
→re-,再，重新，fresh,新鲜的，有活力的。
v.(使)精神振作,(使)精力恢复The fresh flesh on the mesh refreshed the dog.网格上的新鲜肉使狗恢复了体力.
【记】re再，fresh新鲜的
【反】disgruntle（v 使不高兴）
verb
FEEL BETTER 好感觉
[T or R]
■to make someone less hot or tired 使凉爽；使恢复精力；使振作精神
• It was such a hot night that I had a cold shower to refresh myself. 那天晚上实在太热，我冲了个凉水澡凉快一下。
[rɪ'freʃ] verb
COMPUTER SCREEN 电脑萤幕
intransitive or transitive
■to make the most recent information on an internet page appear, usually by clicking a button on the computer screen （通常指透过点击电脑萤幕上的按钮来）刷新，更新（网页）
[rɪ'freʃ] verb
refresh sb's memory
■to help someone remember something 提醒（某人）；提示（某人）；使（某人）想起
• I looked the word up in the dictionary to refresh my memory of its exact meaning. 我查了查词典，以便弄清楚这个词的确切意思。
vt. 更新；使……恢复；使……清新；消除……的疲劳
 - renovate, to update
vi. 恢复精神；喝饮料，吃点心；补充给养
 - revive

Word: morally
Front: morally
[ˈmɒrəli] (6396/7775 -K)
Back: adv. 道德上，有道德地; 确实地
分布：道义上地(50%)，道德上地(50%)
US ['mɔ:r-] adverb
■based on principles that you or people in general consider to be right, honest or acceptable 道德上，道义上
• Morally, you're right, but in practice I don't think it would work. 从道义上讲，你是对的，但实际上我认为那样行不通。
• For a teacher to hit a child is not just morally wrong but also illegal. 教师打孩子不仅在道德上是错误的，而且也是违法的。
• She thinks she's morally superior to the rest of us. 她认为自己的道德比我们其他人都要高尚。
adv. 道德上；有道德地；确实地
 - strictly, undoubtedly, real

Word: softly
Front: softly
[ˈsɒftli] (四六 4040/3081 -K)
Back: adv. 柔软地; 静静地; 温和地; 柔和地
分布：静静地(34%)，柔和地(33%)，温柔地(33%)
US ['sɑ:ft-] adverb
 ADVANCED
■gently 温柔地，轻柔地
• She speaks softly but usually gets her own way. 她说起话来轻声细语，但通常很有主见。
adv. 温柔地；柔和地；柔软地；静静地
 - gently, silently

Word: unaware
Front: unaware
[ˌʌnəˈweə(r)] (5941/4984 -2)
Vocabulary: unaware
(once / 1052 pages)
adj
Unaware is simply the opposite of "aware." If you are unaware, you have no idea what's going on.
To be unaware is to be totally incognizant (but not incontinent). To be "caught unawares" means you were caught off guard or by surprise. Either way you've got your head in the clouds about something. Now some people might say that ignorance is bliss, but the guy in the crosswalk who was unaware of the bus barreling down on him at full speed might disagree.
WORD FAMILY
unaware: unawareness+/ aware: awarely, awareness, self-aware, unaware, unawares/ awareness: awarenesses, self-awareness
USAGE EXAMPLES
French officials declined to comment, saying they were unaware of the case.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Most American Christians remained utterly unaware of his prayer but it incensed many of the same people as before, to an even greater degree.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
“I am unaware of any other CIA calendar like this,” Kirzinger said.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 不知道的; 未察觉到的; 未认识到的; 不注意的
adv. <诗>不知不觉地; 无意地; 意外地; 突然地
分布：不知道的(91%)，没有发觉的(9%)
不知道的(un+aware意识到)[ware=watch,表示"注视"]
US [-'wer] adjective [after verb]
 ADVANCED
■not understanding or realising something 未意识到的，不知道的
• [+ that] He was unaware that the police were watching him. 他不知道警方在监视他。
• I was quite unaware of the problem. 我根本没意识到这个问题。
adj. 不知道的，无意的；未察觉到的
 - unknowing, unware
adv. 意外地；不知不觉地
 - unexpectedly, accidentally

Word: weighty
Front: weighty
[ˈweɪti] (13923/13806 -1)
Vocabulary: weighty
(once / 1139 pages)
adj
Weighty things are either very heavy or extremely important and worrisome. Putting your weighty cat on a diet might be a weighty issue that nags at you.
If your luggage is too weighty, you'll have to pay an extra fee at the airport. And if you've got a mind full of weighty problems, you won't be able to fall asleep on your long flight. Sometimes this adjective is also used to mean "influential," like the weighty influence your SAT scores might have on your chances of being accepted at a competitive college.
WORD FAMILY
weighty: weightier, weightiest, weightily, weightiness+/counterweight: counterweighted, counterweights/ weight: counterweight, underweight, weighted, weightless, weights, weighty /weightless: weightlessly, weightlessness
USAGE EXAMPLES
In “Vision,” he adopts a slower, more deliberate tempo and constructs a weighty, imposing structure that builds in intensity.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
One of our society’s weightiest responsibilities is the dedicated provision of health care for our veterans.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Despite hints of weighty themes, none are explored with much depth.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 重大的，重要的，严重的
级别：weightier, weightiest
分布：沉重的(48%)，重要的(44%)，有力的(8%)
US [-tˌi] adjective
HEAVY 重的
■heavy 重的，沉重的
• I don't want to carry this bag around all afternoon - it's quite weighty. 我不想整个下午到哪里都带着这个袋子——它相当重。
UK ['weɪ.ti] US [-tˌi] adjective
SERIOUS 严重的
■describes a subject, book or piece of work that is important or serious 重要的，重大的；严重的
• weighty matters/issues 举足轻重的事件／问题
weighty, heavy
这组词都有“重的，沉重的”的意思，其区别是：
weighty: 多指实际上而不是相对的沉重，引申指严重或重要。
heavy: 普通用词，指重量或体积大大超过同类物体，常用作引申，多指精神上的重压等。
adj. 重的；重大的；严肃的
 - important, serious, significant, great, grave

Word: chi
Front: chi
[kaɪ] (10943/17363)
Back: n. 希腊字母的第 22字
分布：希腊字母表中的第22个字母(100%)
→希腊字母X的读音。
[tʃi:] (also ch'i) (or qi)
noun uncountable
■in some systems of Chinese medicine and exercise, the most important energy that a person has 气（某些中医理论和中国运动理论中人体内最重要的能量）

Word: coffin
Front: coffin
[ˈkɒfɪn] (六 6258/4194 -2)
Vocabulary: coffin
(once / 435 pages)
nv
The long wooden box in which a dead body is kept for burial or cremation is called a coffin. At a graveside funeral, you'll see the coffin lowered into a grave.
Most coffins are made of wood, though they can also be steel, fiberglass, or bamboo. A coffin is generally thought of as the same thing as a casket, although some people distinguish between a six-sided coffin and a four-sided casket. The earliest meaning of coffin, from the 14th century, was "box for valuables," from the Latin cophinus, "basket or hamper," and the Greek root kophinos, "a basket."
WORD FAMILY
coffin: coffined, coffining, coffins
USAGE EXAMPLES
When I’m lying in my coffin and they pull back the lid, the smile on my face will be from that day in Korea.”
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
A successful punt into that “coffin corner” would be unreturnable, and pin the opposing team deep in its territory.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Just in case you might miss the fervour of his opinion, two fellow protestors marched, bearing a coffin with the president's name on it.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 棺材; 蹄槽
vt. 收殓
时态：coffined, coffining, coffins
分布：棺材(100%)
→来自cophinus, 篮子，现义来自于其引申词义。进一步可能来自sker, 编织，词源同cradle.
US ['kɑ:.fɪn/ (US also casket)
noun countable
■a long box in which a dead person is buried or burnt 棺材；灵柩
n. 棺材
 - bier, casket

Word: authoritarianism
Front: authoritarianism
[ɔ:ˌθɒrɪ'teərɪənɪsm] (15860/21665)
Vocabulary: authoritarianism
(once / 32471 pages)
n
Political scientists use the term authoritarianism to describe a way of governing that values order and control over personal freedom. A government run by authoritarianism is usually headed by a dictator.
The noun authoritarianism is most often used in a negative context, to describe a government with absolute control over the population. This kind of government uses military threats, suppression of a free press, and disinformation to manage the people over whom it rules. Many people consider China to be an example of an authoritarian government today. The word itself can be traced back to the Latin auctor, "master, leader, or author."
WORD FAMILY
authoritarian: antiauthoritarian, authoritarianism, authoritarians+/authorisation: authorisations/authorise: authorisation, authorised, authoriser, authorises, authorising/authorised: unauthorised/ authoritative: authoritatively/ authority: authorise, authoritarian, authoritative, authorities, authorize / authorization: authorizations/ authorize: authorization, authorizer, authorizes, authorizing/authorizer: authorizers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Bourdain said that while he fears Mr. Trump’s election is a foreshadowing of “authoritarianism,” conservatives do not own full culpability for the political landscape.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Mr. Putin’s toxic blend of authoritarianism and assertive nationalism is gaining adherents across Europe and inspiring autocrats around the world.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
His behavior and cabinet choices reek with the stench of authoritarianism and oligarchy.
Salon(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. 权力主义，独裁主义
分布：权威主义(42%)，权力主义(41%)，专制主义(17%)
N-UNCOUNT
独裁主义
Authoritarianism is the state of being authoritarian or the belief that people with power, especially the State, have the right to control other people's actions.
例：...the long revolt against authoritarianism.对独裁主义的长期反抗

Word: comet
Front: comet
[ˈkɒmɪt] (托雅 5217/10128 -2)
Vocabulary: comet
(once / 876 pages)
n
A comet is a small, icy object that orbits the sun and has a long "tail" of gas. Some comets can be seen from Earth every few years, while others pass by once in a person's lifetime.
Comets are made of ice, dust, and tiny pieces of rock, but to people on Earth, they look like streaks or smudges across the night sky. When the Earth's orbit takes it through one of these comets' tails, their dust burns up in our atmosphere and results in a meteor shower. In Old French, the word was comete, ultimately from a Greek root, kometes, which literally means "long-haired star."
WORD FAMILY
comet: comet-like, cometary, cometic, comets
USAGE EXAMPLES
Generally, meteors occur when Earth passes through dusty comet trail.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Rosetta was the first spacecraft to orbit a comet and to follow one around the sun.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
At midnight, we found a cozy spot by the Charles River and gazed upward, watching for the stray dust of an ancient comet.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. [天]彗星; 孛
分布：彗星(100%)
→来自拉丁词cometa, 长发。因形如拖着的长头发而得名。
US ['kɑ:.mɪt] noun countable
■an object that moves around the sun, usually at a great distance from it, that is seen on rare occasions from Earth as a bright line in the sky 彗星

Word: cunning
Front: cunning
[ˈkʌnɪŋ] (研四六托雅宝 12813/9717 -1)
Vocabulary: cunning
(once / 284 pages)
1adjn 2adj
In fairy tales, always watch out for the cunning fox or the cunning witch. Cunning means clever, in the sense of trickery. A cunning plan might involve setting traps for the innocent and pure at heart to fall into.
This adjective goes back to the 14th century English verb cunnen, which meant "to know," and is actually related to our English verb know. In earlier times, the noun was used to mean a high level of skill in using the hands. You can be cunning, but you can also use your cunning to figure out a very clever and tricky plan.
WORD FAMILY
cunning: cunninger, cunningest, cunningly, cunnings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The poem’s emphasis on Odysseus’ cunning starts to seem like the celebration of the emergence of a new kind of consciousness.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Burr is “more cunning than wise . . . inferior in real ability to Jefferson,” Hamilton wrote.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
The Deceptive Bike Box. A mild sensation online, this object from the oft-neglected packaging category may be the year’s most cunning design solution.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 狡猾的; 奸诈的; 灵巧的
n. 狡猾; 诡诈; 狡黠
分布：狡猾的(63%)，灵巧(16%)，精巧的(10%)，可爱的(9%)，有眼光的(2%)
→cun-,词源同can,知道，了解。此处用作贬义。
a./n.狡猾(的),狡诈(的)The funny cunning runner uses his gum gun before sunrise or after sunset.滑稽乖巧的赛跑者在日出之前或日落之后使用胶皮枪.
【反】artless（adj 朴实的）；ingenuous（adj 坦白直率的）
adjective
CLEVER 聪明的
■describes people who are clever at planning something so that they get what they want, especially by tricking other people, or things that are cleverly made for a particular purpose 狡猾的，狡诈的
• a cunning plan/ploy 诡诈的计划／花招
• He's a very cunning man. 他为人十分狡猾。
['kʌn.ɪŋ] adjective
ATTRACTIVE 吸引人的 US old-fashioned
■attractive; cute 吸引人的，迷人的
• a cunning little child/puppy/kitten 逗人喜爱的小孩／小狗／小猫
['kʌn.ɪŋ] noun uncountable
■the quality or skill of being clever at planning something so you get what you want, especially by tricking other people 狡诈；狡猾；机灵
• We need to show a bit of cunning if we want to trick the enemy. 要想骗过敌人，我们得想点计策。
sly, cunning
这组词都有“狡猾的”的意思，其区别是：
sly: 指竭力掩饰其意图，靠蒙混或表里不一等隐蔽手法达到个人目的。
cunning: 指凭诡计达到狡诈的目的。
adj. 狡猾的；巧妙的；可爱的
 - happy, lovely, designing, knowing, pretty
n. 狡猾
 - artfulness, subtility

Word: escort
Front: escort
[ˈeskɔ:t] (研六托雅宝 6668/6470 -2)
Vocabulary: escort
(once / 297 pages)
vn
When you go somewhere, whether it's for fun or business, it's always nice to have an escort — someone to go along with you. Some escorts are there to protect you, some just to share a good time.
The word escort can be a noun or a verb — "your escort escorts you." This word is derived from the Latin excorrigere, "to set out," and moved through the Italian scorgere, meaning "to guide." In the 1570s it took on a military tone as escorte, used to describe armed protectors for travelers. In the 19th century it came to mean "accompanying a person on social occasions," although we still refer to military escorts today.
WORD FAMILY
escort: escorted, escorting, escorts
USAGE EXAMPLES
Four days later, after being allowed a fleeting meeting with Pan, he was blindfolded and escorted back downstairs into The Residence’s garage.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
They alerted the authorities and the man was escorted from the cockpit.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
—May 10, Diyarbakir: Car bomb strikes police vehicle carrying officers escorting seven detained Kurdish militants, killing three people and wounding 45 others.
Time(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 护送者; 护航舰; 陪同某人参加社交活动的人（尤指男人）; 受雇陪同某人外出社交的人（尤指女人）
vt. 护送，护卫
时态：escorted, escorting, escorts
分布：护送(75%)，护航舰(11%)，陪伴(6%)，护送者(5%)，妓女(1%)，陪伴者(1%)，陪游(1%)
→来自拉丁文*excorrigere, 引导，护送，来自词根rig, 竖立，坚直，词源同right, erect. 原为军事术语。
vt.护送(卫);陪同n.警卫,护送者;仪仗兵The escort resorted to the orthodox paradox to retort his distortion.陪护者借助正统悖论反驳他的歪曲.
US [-kɔːrt]
GO WITH 一起去
■to go with someone or a vehicle especially to make certain that they arrive safely or that they leave a place （尤指为了确保某人安全到达或离开某地）护卫，护送，押送
• Several little boats escorted the sailing ship into the harbour. 在数只小船的护航下，帆船驶入海港。
• Security guards escorted the intruders from the building. 保安把闯入者押送出了大楼。
• The police escorted her to the airport, and made sure that she left the country. 员警将她押送到机场，确保其离境。
■to go with someone and show them a place 陪伴；陪送；陪同
• People on the tour will be escorted by an expert on archaeology. 游客们将由一位考古学专家陪同前行。
verb transitive UK [ɪˈskɔːt] US [-kɔːrt]
SOCIAL COMPANION 社交伴侣 formal
■to go to a social event with someone, especially a person of the opposite sex 陪伴（尤指异性）参加社交活动；伴游
• Who will be escorting her to the ball? 谁将做她的舞伴呢？
noun UK [ˈes.kɔːt] US [-kɔːrt]
SOCIAL COMPANION 社交伴侣
countable
■a person who goes with another person, usually someone of the opposite sex, to a social event （通常指异性的）社交聚会陪伴者；伴游
• "But I can't go to the dance without an escort," she protested. “但是没有舞伴我可不能去参加舞会，”她抗议道。
countable
■someone, often a young woman, who is paid to go out to social events with another person 受雇陪同某人外出社交的人，常指年轻女子
• He hired an escort girl to go to the dinner with him. 他雇了一位伴游小姐陪他赴宴。
noun UK [ˈes.kɔːt] US [-kɔːrt]
GO WITH 一起去
countable
■a person who goes somewhere with another person as a helper or a guard 陪侍者；护卫者；护送者
• The members of the jury left the court with a police escort. 陪审团成员在一名员警的护送下离开了法庭。
uncountable
■the state of having someone with you who gives you protection or guards you 陪护；护送；陪送
• The prisoners were transported under military escort. 这些犯人被军人押送到流放地。
conduct, attend, escort, accompany
这组词都有“陪同，伴随”的意思，其区别是：
conduct: 无论用于人或物均指引导带领。
attend: 侧重主从关系，即下级对上级，学生对老师等，或表恭、服侍。
escort: 通常指用车或人在陆上伴随、护送，其目的是保护或出于礼节。
accompany: 既可指人也可指物。用于人时，侧重关系紧密或同时发生。
n. 陪同；护航舰；护卫队；护送者
 - guard
vt. 护送；陪同；为…护航
 - accompany vt.

Word: hood
Front: hood
[hʊd] (5182/7836 -1)
Vocabulary: hood
(once / 356 pages)
1nv 2n 3n
A hood is a protective covering. It could be a car hood protecting the engine or your car or it could be the hood on your coat protecting your noggin.
Your favorite sweatshirt might have a hood, as well as your fur-lined winter coat and your insulated hood for scuba diving. Other things with a similar protective quality are also called hoods, like the metal vent cover over your stove, the cover on your car's engine, and the cap-like plant sections that cover vulnerable parts. One of the most famous hoods in literature is the red one worn by the main character in "Little Red Riding Hood."
WORD FAMILY
hood: hooded, hooding, hoods
USAGE EXAMPLES
“In private, they were talking about the black community. Seventy-five percent of them are all in the hood.”
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
A judge later tossed the citation, and Hood denied using his laptop during an internal investigation.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Set aside the distinction with no difference to the Americans killed in San Bernardino, Orlando or Fort Hood.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 兜帽; 头巾; 车篷; 引擎罩
vt. 罩上; 覆盖
时态：hooded, hooding, hoods
分布：引擎盖(45%)，兜帽(27%)，头巾(15%)，覆盖(10%)，遮罩(3%)
→词源同hat,帽子。
noun countable
CLOTHING 衣服
 ADVANCED
■part of a piece of clothing which can be pulled up to cover the top and back of the head （衣服上的）兜帽，风帽
• The coat has a detachable hood. 这件大衣有可拆卸的风帽。
 ADVANCED
■a bag which is put over someone's head so that they cannot see or be recognized （为了挡住视线或不让人认出而戴的）头套，头罩
• The prisoners had been tortured and made to wear hoods. 囚犯们受拷打，并被强行戴上了头罩。
[hʊd] noun countable
COVER 覆盖物
■a part which covers or shelters a piece of equipment 篷，罩
• The hood over the air vent is loose. 排气口的罩子松了。
[hʊd] noun countable
CAR 汽车 US for bonnet (METAL COVER)
[hʊd] noun countable
PLACE 地方 (also 'hood) US slang
■a poor neighbourhood 贫民区，贫困社区
• When he started he was just a poor boy from the hood - now he's a multimillionaire. 他刚起步时只是一个来自贫民区穷小子——如今他已是个千万富翁了。
n. 头巾；覆盖；兜帽
 - coverage, headkerchief

Word: constable
Front: constable
[ˈkʌnstəbl] (19092/3341 -2)
Back: n. 警察; 警员; 巡官
分布：治安官(51%)，警官(41%)，巡官(8%)
→来自拉丁短语comes stabuli, 管马的官员。comes, 词源同count, 伯爵，stable,马廐。后来词义发生了变化。比较marshal, 将军，原指管马的官员。
US ['kɑ:nt-] noun countable
■a British police officer of the lowest rank （英国最低级别的）员警，保安官
n. 治安官，巡警；警察
 - police, pig, copper

Word: inflame
Front: inflame
[ɪnˈfleɪm] (宝 13961/18453 -1)
Vocabulary: inflame
(once / 428 pages)
v
To inflame is to make feelings stronger, or stir them up. Reminding your grandfather about the time his car was stolen may just inflame his anger.
Getting a parking ticket might inflame your frustration, and when a city imposes a curfew it may inflame the community's feelings of resentment. Another way to inflame is more literal: to cause a physical condition that involves swelling, pain, and redness. Scratching your poison ivy rash will only inflame it in the long run, even if it briefly brings relief. Inflame is from the Latin inflammare, "set on fire" and "excite."
WORD FAMILY
inflame: inflamed, inflames, inflaming, inflammation, inflammatory +/ flame: flame-colored, flamed, flames, flaming, inflame /flaming: flamingest, flamingly, flamings/inflamed: inflamedly/inflaming: inflamings/ inflammation: inflammations/ inflammatory: anti-inflammatory, inflammatorily, noninflammatory, pro-inflammatory
USAGE EXAMPLES
Turkey’s military intervention in northern Syria by ground and air in 2016 inflamed the situation.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Samuel Adams’s report of the Boston Massacre and other British actions were purposely exaggerated to inflame colonial opinion.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
But it argues the memorial inflames racial tensions.
BBC(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. （使）发怒，过热; 使发炎
时态：inflamed, inflaming, inflames
分布：发炎(43%)，激怒(32%)，加剧(25%)
→in-,进入，使，flame,燃烧。引申词义使激怒。
使燃烧;激怒(in+flame火焰)[im-,in-①表示"不,无,非"②表示"向内,进入"]
【记】flame（n 火焰；热情；激情）；inflamed（adj 发炎的；红肿的）；
【参】inflammable（adj 易燃的；易怒的）
【反】assuage（vt 缓和；镇定）；subdue（v 征服）
verb transitive
■to cause or increase very strong feelings such as anger or excitement 激起（愤怒、激动等情感）；使愤怒；使极度激动；给…火上加油
• Reducing the number of staff is certain to inflame the already angry medical profession. 裁员一定会使本已不满的医务人员更加愤怒。
• Pictures of the bombed and burning city inflamed feelings/passions further. 看到城市被炸，烈焰熊熊的照片，人们更加群情激愤。
vt. 激怒；使燃烧；使发炎
 - anger, enrage
vi. 燃烧；发炎；激动
 - burn, warm, fire

Word: lucent
Front: lucent
['lu:snt] None
Vocabulary: lucent
(once / 18128 pages)
adj
Lucent things shine or glow with light. On a clear night, the full moon is lucent in the sky.
The literary word lucent essentially means "luminous" or "radiant," glowing with a soft, bright light. You're most likely to encounter it in a poem or novel, describing the stars or white flowers in the dusk, or someone' s beautiful pale face, but it sometimes has a "clear or lucid" meaning as well. It comes from the Latin lucentem, from lucere, "to shine."
WORD FAMILY
lucent: lucently
USAGE EXAMPLES
But old-timers recall a similar confidence about loans at telecom gear makers Lucent Technologies and Cisco Systems in the 1990s, before their customers stopped paying.
Seattle Times(Sep 26, 2016)
They have flat heads with a ruff of lucent pink gills, long slithery bodies, and delicate little legs.
The New Yorker(Apr 25, 2016)
Henry Schacht, who was heading Lucent during part of this period, saw the whole process from the side of corporate management.
Thomas L. Friedman, The World Is Flat(2005)
Back: adj. 光亮的，透明的
分布：透明的(67%)，发光的(33%)
发亮的(luc+ent)[luc,lust=light,shine,表示"光,照亮"]
adj. 透明的，光亮的；美国朗讯科技公司（原AT&T实验室）
 - transparent, crystal, light, shining

Word: juvenile
Front: juvenile
[ˈdʒu:vənaɪl] (研托雅宝 5261/7801 -2)
Vocabulary: juvenile
(once / 1189 pages)
adjn
If you're being juvenile, you're not acting your age. Unless of course you are a juvenile. In which case, carry on.
While the noun juvenile refers to someone not physically or emotionally mature, the word is often used as an adjective to refer to anything specifically for young people, such as juvenile reading materials or movies. It can be derisive, as in "Don't act so juvenile," suggesting a silliness unbecoming an adult. The word comes from the Latin juvenīlis, meaning "youthful" — similar, but much more flattering.
WORD FAMILY
juvenile: juvenilely, juveniles, juvenility+/juvenility: juvenilities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Authorities say police arrested the juvenile male on suspicion of murder and other charges.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Most involved state wards in foster homes, adoptive homes, state-licensed residential care facilities and the juvenile probation system.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
A juvenile relative was arrested in the killing of a 74-year-old Keno woman early Saturday.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 少年的; 幼稚的，年少无知的; 幼稚的
n. 青少年; 扮演少年角色的演员; 少年读物; 羽毛未丰的鸟，雏鸟
分布：青少年(80%)，青少年的(9%)，幼稚的(9%)，青少年读物(1%)，幼雏(1%)
→来自拉丁语iuvenis,青少年，青年，来自yeu,生命力，年青的活力，词源同eon,young,junior.
青少年的;幼稚的(juven+ile)[juven=young,表示"年轻"]
青少年的(juven年轻+ile)[-ile 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"物体"]
n.青少年,少年读物a.青少年的,幼稚的He shows a juvenile appearance.他显出一个少年的外貌.
【记】读：猪吻nile，接吻时的嘴形象猪一样，因为还没有成熟，是青少年的。
【参】rejuvenate（v 使年轻；返老还童）
US [-nəl] adjective formal or legal
■relating to a young person who is not yet old enough to be considered an adult 青少年的
• juvenile crime/offenders 青少年犯罪／少年罪犯
■disapproving
■silly and typical of a child 幼稚的，不成熟的
• juvenile behaviour 幼稚的行为
• a juvenile sense of humour 带稚气的幽默感
UK ['dʒu:.vən.aɪl] US [-nəl] noun countable
■a young person 少年
adolescent, youthful, juvenile, young
这组词都有“年轻的，年幼的”的意思，其区别是：
adolescent: 指13至16岁左右处于青春期的人，尚不成熟。
youthful: 褒义或贬义均可用。指具有青年人的外貌或年轻人应具有的品格。
juvenile: 较正式用词，一般12岁以下的少年，着重其生理和智力上的不成熟。
young: 强调年龄小，处于生长的前期。
adolescent, teenager, youth, juvenile
这组词都有“年轻人，青少年”的意思，其区别是：
adolescent: 比teenager正式，侧重年龄。
teenager: 主要指13岁到19岁之间的青少年，强调这个年龄段的人的本身特点。
youth: 现在几乎专指男青年，尤指10多岁到20多一点的男青年，但作为集合名时间男女青年都可指。
juvenile: 指青少年，系法律上的常用词。
adj. 青少年的；幼稚的
 - tender, teen-age
n. 青少年；少年读物
 - youths, teener

Word: insolvent
Front: insolvent
[ɪnˈsɒlvənt] (雅 20284/16722 -1)
Vocabulary: insolvent
(once / 3887 pages)
adjn
Piggy bank empty? Nothing but lint in your pockets? Then you're probably unable to meet any financial obligations. In other words, you are insolvent.
Being insolvent isn't just about being poor. A person or business that's insolvent has no resources, no assets and no way to pay any of the bills. This adjective insolvent is a synonym for bankrupt, and surely the last thing anyone wants to be. The only way to solve the problem of insolvency? Start saving your pennies again from scratch.
WORD FAMILY
insolvent: insolvency, insolvents+/ insolvency: insolvencies/solvability: unsolvability/solvable: insolvable, solvability, unsolvable/ solve: solvable, solved, solvent, solver, solves, solving/solved: unsolved/solvency: solvencies/ solvent: insolvent, solvency, solvently, solvents/solver: solvers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Within 19 plan years, the actuary said, the fund would be insolvent.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Senior lenders to the insolvent company dropped their objection to the terms of the plan after Caesars filed revisions Friday in federal court in Chicago.
Washington Post(Dec 24, 2016)
But he recently received a letter at home warning that the pension fund was nearly insolvent.
Seattle Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: adj. 无力偿付债务的; 破产的
n. 无力偿还债务的人; 破产者
分布：破产的(56%)，破产者(21%)，无力偿还的(15%)，无力还偿者(8%)
→in-,不，非，solvent,可解决的，可清偿债务的。
无力偿还的(in不+solvent有偿还能力的)[Solv,solu,solut=loosen,表示"松开"]
US [-'sɑ:l-] specialized
adjective
■(especially of a company) not having enough money to pay debts, buy goods, etc. （尤指公司）无清偿能力的
n. [经] 破产者；无力偿还者
 - bankrupt
adj. [经] 破产的；无力偿还的
 - broke, bankrupt

Word: mistress
Front: mistress
[ˈmɪstrəs] (研四六 7187/4800 -2)
Vocabulary: mistress
(once / 112 pages)
n
A mistress is a female master — she's the one in control. The wardrobe mistress is in charge of costumes for a theater. At some schools, the head of the school is called the headmaster or headmistress.
A woman who has an illicit affair — that is, a sexual relationship with someone she's not married to — is also called a mistress. It’s a somewhat old-fashioned word — it’s one-sided, sexist, and often suggests financial support in exchange for sexual favors. On the other hand, history offers some fascinating examples, such the mistress of King Louis XV of France, Madame de Pompadour, renowned for her intelligence and charm.
WORD FAMILY
mistress: mistresses, postmistress+/postmistress: postmistresses
USAGE EXAMPLES
They want him to persuade their husbands to dump their mistresses.
Economist(Nov 30, 2016)
Never actually writing anything but somehow getting paid to fly to London and be Logan’s mistress?
New York Times(Nov 29, 2016)
He was said to have had many mistresses but was secretive about his female companions.
Washington Post(Nov 26, 2016)
Back: n. 主妇，女主人; 霸主，女统治者; 情妇; <英>女教师
分布：情妇(52%)，女主人(39%)，主妇(9%)
→来自mister,主人，先生，-ess,表阴性。即女主人，主妇。
n.女主人;主妇;情妇,情人The chemist and the mistress insist that the mist consists of several chemicals.化学家和女教师坚持认为薄雾由几种化学物品构成.
noun
WOMAN IN CONTROL 女性控制
[S or U] old-fashioned
■a woman who has control over or responsibility for someone or something 女主人；女能人；起主宰作用的女子
• I'll inform the mistress (of the house) of your arrival, madam. 夫人，我去告诉女主人您来了。
• She intends to remain mistress of (= in charge of) her own life when she gets married. 她想在结婚后仍做自己生活的主人。
countable UK old-fashioned
■a female school teacher 女教师
• She got a good report from her German mistress. 她的德语女教师给了她很好的成绩。
countable old-fashioned
■a female owner of a dog 狗的女主人
['mɪs.trəs] noun
SEXUAL PARTNER 性伴侣
countable
■a woman who is having a sexual relationship with a married man 情妇
• Edward VII and his mistress, Lillie Langtry 爱德华七世和他的情妇莉莉‧兰翠
n. 情妇；女主人；主妇；女教师；女能人
 - other woman, moll

Word: op
Front: op
[ɒp] (10060/9031 -2)
Back: n. 工作，操作
US [ɑ:p] noun countable
OPERATION 手术 UK informal
■a medical operation 手术
• How long did you take to recover from your op? 你手术后过了多久才恢复？
UK [ɒp] US [ɑ:p] noun countable
OPPORTUNITY 机会 US informal
■an opportunity 机会，机遇，时机
• a photo op (= a chance for a politician, etc. to be photographed looking good or doing good things) （政界人士等为宣传而）接受媒体拍照的时间

Word: notional
Front: notional
[ˈnəʊʃənl] (32055/14814)
Back: adj. <正>猜测的; 估计的; 理论上的; 想像的
adv. 想象地
分布：概念上的(24%)，估计的(20%)，名义上的(20%)，想像的(20%)，抽象的(16%)
US ['noʊ-] formal
adjective
■existing only as an idea, not in reality 理论上的；概念上的
• Almost everyone will have to pay a higher tax bill than the notional amount suggested by the Government. 几乎每个人都必须支付超过政府提出的假定数额的税款。
adj. 概念性的；想像的；抽象的；不切实际的
 - ideal, abstract, unreasonable, dream

Word: reinsurance
Front: reinsurance
[ˌri:ɪnˈʃʊərəns] (29692/26449)
Back: n. 再保险，再保险金额; 分保
分布：名词(100%)

Word: sniper
Front: sniper
[ˈsnaɪpə(r)] (8073/16786 -1)
Back: n. 狙击手; 狙击兵
分布：狙击手(90%)，狙击兵(10%)
→snipe,狙击，伏击，-er,人。sniper 狙击手
US [-pɚ] noun countable
SHOOT 射击
■someone who shoots at people from a place where they cannot be seen 狙击手
• He was shot and fatally injured by a sniper. 他被一名狙击手击中，身受重伤。
• Sniper fire has claimed countless lives these past few weeks. 这几个星期以来，无数人在狙击手的枪口下丧命。
UK ['snaɪ.pər] US [-pɚ] noun countable
BUYER 买家
■someone who waits until nearly the end of an auction (= public competition to buy goods) on a website before saying how much money they will offer, in order to be more successful than other people trying to buy the same thing （网上竞拍购物的）最后出价的人
n. 狙击兵
 - yager, bersagliere

Word: static
Front: static
[ˈstætɪk] (研四六托雅宝 5963/4978 -1)
Vocabulary: static
(once / 2649 pages)
adjn
Static means not moving or changing––it's often used to describe abstract ideas that can't be seen. "The troops were moving all over the country, engaged in skirmishes, but the army's overall position remained static."
Static is easier to remember if you think of the sta- in "standing still" and stationary. Remember what happens when you rub a balloon against your head? That's producing a stationary electric charge, otherwise known as static electricity.
WORD FAMILY
static: statically, staticly, statics
USAGE EXAMPLES
“The way the robots move is so static.”
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
The same duo combined for the second, Kane stealing between two static defenders to prod home Trippier's fine cross from six yards.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
Statically speaking, it was indeed one of Smith’s best days.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 静止的; 不变的; 静电的; [物]静力的
n. 静电; [物]静电（干扰）; 静力学; 争吵
分布：静态的(37%)，静电(27%)，静止的(12%)，静电的(8%)，静力的(6%)，静电干扰(6%)，稳定的(4%)
→来自 stasis,停滞，静止，-atic,形容词后缀。
静止的[st,sta,stat,stan,stant,stin=stand表示"站,立"]
静态的(stat站+ic)[-ic 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人或学科"3.表名词"某种病"]
a.(statical)静态的,静力的Civilization does not remian static, but changes constantly.文明不会停滞不动, 而会不断改变.
【反】oscillatory（adj 摆动的）
US ['stætˌ-] adjective
■staying in one place without moving, or not changing for a long time 静止的；停滞的；不变的
• Oil prices have remained static for the last few months. 过去几个月里油价保持稳定。
UK ['stæt.ɪk] US ['stætˌ-] noun uncountable
■noise on a radio or television caused by electricity in the air 静电干扰
• There's so much static on this radio I can't hear what they're saying. 收音机的静电干扰太大，我听不清他们在说甚么。
(also static electricity)
■an electrical charge which collects on the surface of objects made from some types of material when they are rubbed 静电
adj. 静态的； [电磁] 静电的；静力的
 - electrostatic, franklinic

Word: trench
Front: trench
[trentʃ] (研六托雅宝 6459/5674 -1)
Vocabulary: trench
(once / 209 pages)
1nv 2v
A trench is a deep and narrow hole, or ditch, in the ground, like the kind soldiers on frontlines might dig to give themselves shelter from the enemy.
A natural trench may also be a deep hole on the bottom of the ocean. The verb trench means to dig or to cut into, but you will most often hear the word as a noun, particularly relating to soldiers. The phrase trench warfare became popular around World War I, when technological advances in weapons changed the way that wars were fought. Today, you may have even own a trench coat, a kind of raincoat first worn by soldiers.
WORD FAMILY
trench: entrench, retrench, trenched, trencher, trenches, trenching+/ entrench: entrenched, entrenches, entrenching, entrenchment/entrenchment: entrenchments/ retrench: retrenched, retrenches, retrenching, retrenchment/retrenchment: retrenchments/ trencher: trenchers
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Online,” the woman in the trench coat says, and the conversation continues from there.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“And their ‘D’ linemen are really tough and gritty down there in the trenches.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Then lay drainage “tiles”—nowadays large sections of plastic pipe are used—in the trenches.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 沟，渠; 战壕
vt. 掘沟
vi. 挖战壕; 侵害
时态：trenched, trenching, trenches
分布：沟(63%)，战壕(21%)，沟渠(12%)，挖沟(2%)，侵占(2%)
→来自古法语 trenchier,去砍，劈，刨，挖，来自拉丁语 truncare,砍，切掉，词源同 truncate,tranche. 后引申词义沟，渠，特指战壕。
壕沟(被雨水切割出来的沟)[trench=cut,表示"切,割"]
n. & v.(挖)沟,(挖)战壕They toiled all day digging the trench.他们整天艰苦地挖壕沟.
noun
countable
■a narrow hole which is dug into the ground 壕沟；沟渠
• A workman was killed when the sides of the trench he was working in collapsed. 一名工人在挖壕沟时，由于两侧坍塌而丧生。
countable usually plural
■a deep hole dug by soldiers and used as a place from which they can attack the enemy while being hidden 战壕，堑壕
• the trenches of World War I 第一次世界大战时的战壕
• trench warfare 堑壕战
Compare foxhole
n. 沟，沟渠；战壕；堑壕
 - sulcus, reen
vi. 挖战壕；侵害
 - infringe upon, infringe on

Word: cheek
Front: cheek
[tʃi:k] (高研四六 2674/2456 -K2)
Vocabulary: cheek
(once / 88 pages)
1n 2n 3vn
Your cheek is the part of your face under your eye and between your ear and nose. Your cheeks might turn bright red in embarrassment when you have to speak in public.
When you cry, your cheeks get wet, and when you greet your grandmother, she might give you a kiss on the cheek or even pinch your cheek. Informally, your cheeks are also your buttocks or bottom — and when you're a little rude or sassy, your attitude itself can be called cheek. It comes from the Old English word ceace, "jaw," which probably stems from ceowan, "chew."
WORD FAMILY
cheek: cheeked, cheeking, cheeks, cheeky +/ cheeky: cheekier, cheekiest, cheekily, cheekiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
A cute kiss on the cheek at the end of the night – but not before exchanging numbers.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
“Israel is a country with a national pride,” said Netanyahu, “and we do not turn the other cheek.”
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
“He was my first kiss on the cheek,” she said.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 脸颊，脸蛋; 无礼而放肆的行为，厚颜; 半边屁股; 两侧相对的物体
vt. 对…无礼地说话
时态：cheeked, cheeking, cheeks
分布：面颊(87%)，脸蛋(13%)
→词源同chew.
n.面颊,脸The Greek checked his cheeks on the weekend.希腊人在周末检查了他的面颊.
noun
FACE 脸颊
 IMPROVER countable
■the soft part of your face which is below your eye and between your mouth and ear 脸颊，面颊，脸蛋
• The tears ran down her cheeks. 泪水顺着她的脸颊滑下。
• rosy cheeks 红润的脸蛋
• He embraced her, kissing her on both cheeks. 他拥抱她，亲吻她的双颊。
[tʃi:k] noun
BEHAVIOUR 行为
[S or U] UK
■behaviour or talk that is rude and shows no respect 厚脸皮，厚颜无耻；放肆
• He told me off for being late when he arrived half an hour after me. What a cheek! 他比我晚到半小时居然还责备我迟到。真是厚颜无耻！
• [+ to infinitive] She's got some cheek to take your car without asking. 她问也不问就开你的车，真有点太放肆了。
• He had the cheek to ask me to pay for her! 他竟厚着脸皮要我替她付帐！
• She's always getting into trouble for giving her teachers cheek (= being rude to them). 她总是因为对老师无礼而惹麻烦。
[tʃi:k] noun
BOTTOM 屁股
countable informal
■either of the two halves of your bottom 半边屁股
[tʃi:k] noun
cheek by jowl
■very close together 紧靠在一起，紧挨着
• The poor lived cheek by jowl in industrial mining towns in Victorian England. 在维多利亚时代的英格兰，穷人密密匝匝地挤住在工业矿镇上。
[tʃi:k] verb transitive UK informal
■to be rude to someone 对…无礼，对…不懂规矩
• He's always getting into trouble for cheeking his teachers. 他总是因为对老师不礼貌而惹麻烦。
n. 面颊，脸颊；臀部
 - bottom, vizard

Word: cab
Front: cab
[kæb] (高研托雅 4220/4014 -2)
Vocabulary: cab
(once / 419 pages)
1nv 2n
A cab is a taxi, a car whose driver you pay to take you where you need to go. It can feel like a competitive sport to hail a cab in New York City.
Your cab driver may talk incessantly while she drives you to the airport, or you might ride in a cab that's silent except for the sound of its horn honking at other drivers. You can also call the front part of a truck, where the driver sits, the cab. In the 1820s, the word meant "horse-drawn carriage," short for the French cabriolet, "leap or caper." The Latin root is capreolus, "wild goat."
WORD FAMILY
cab: cabbed, cabbing, cabs
USAGE EXAMPLES
If you can’t find anything else, sign up with a local cab firm and spend long hours on the streets.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Video footage of the scene showed the cab of a tractor-trailer cut in half. As of midafternoon, southbound I-5 was closed to traffic.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Sure, the practicalities are hideous – no cabs, endless crowds and queues, quite a lot of mugging – but still!
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 出租车; （公共汽车、火车等的）司机室; 驾驶室; 出租马车
vi. 乘出租车
时态：cabbed, cabbing, cabs
分布：驾驶室(62%)，出租汽车(16%)，司机室(13%)，乘出租车(7%)，轻便马车(2%)
→来自拉丁词caper, 山羊，词源同caprice, cabriolet. 原指一种颠簸的马车，犹如蹦跳的山羊。
n.出租车,出租马车;驾驶室vi.乘出租马车We cab to the railway station.我们乘出租汽车去火车站.
noun countable
PART OF VEHICLE 车辆的部分
■the separate front part of a large vehicle, such as a truck, bus or train, in which the driver sits （卡车、公共汽车、火车等大型车辆的）驾驶室
[kæb] noun countable
VEHICLE 车辆
■a taxi 计程车，的士
• It'll save time if we go by cab. 我们搭计程车去能节省时间。
⇒ See also minicab
■in the past, a vehicle pulled by a horse, used as a taxi （旧时的）出租马车
n. [车辆] 驾驶室；出租汽车；出租马车
 - taxi, wheelhouse

Word: damp
Front: damp
[dæmp] (高研四六托雅宝 5562/3845 -K2)
Vocabulary: damp
(once / 315 pages)
1adjn 2v
Something that's damp is slightly wet or soggy. If your shoes are damp when you enter your friend's white-carpeted house, you should probably take them off.
Damp things are moist. Your lawn might be damp with dew in the morning, and if it's supposed to rain lightly, the weather report might include the word damp. Sometimes damp is a noun, as when your grandmother warns, "Don't go out in the damp without your umbrella!" To damp is to hold back, make soft, or restrain: "Use your hand to damp the sound of the cymbal after you hit it with the drumstick."
WORD FAMILY
damp: damped, damper, dampest, damping, dampish, damply, dampness, damps+/ damper: dampers/dampish: dampishly/dampness: dampnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
But he noted that Apple’s high compensation, focused product mission and top-down decision-making tended to damp the risk-taking necessary to start a company.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The house was full of bedsits with damp armchairs and splintered floorboards.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
It was a damp cardboard box on which I’d drawn a wonky face in Biro.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 微湿的，潮湿的; 消沉的，沮丧的; 沉闷的; 情绪低落的
n. 潮湿; 消沉，失望; 矿井瓦斯; 有毒气体
vt. 使潮湿; 使泄气，使沮丧; 抑制，阻抑; 使减弱
vi. [物]阻尼; 减幅
时态：damped, damping, damps
分布：潮湿(56%)，潮湿的(32%)，湿气(4%)，有湿气的(2%)，沮丧的(2%)，使潮湿(2%)，变潮湿(1%)，使扫兴(1%)
→词源不详。
n.潮湿a.潮湿的vt.使潮湿;使衰减He stamped on the stamps and slammed the lamp on the damp dam.他用脚踩邮票并将灯砰地摔在潮湿的坝上.
【参】dampness（n 潮湿；湿气）
【反】damped（被压低声音的）－amplified（被放大的）；sere（adj 干枯的）
adjective
 ADVANCED
■slightly wet, especially in a way that is not pleasant or comfortable 潮湿的，湿淋淋的
• The grass is still damp. 草还有些潮湿。
• This shirt still feels a bit damp. 这件衬衫摸上去还有点湿的。
• It was a damp, misty morning. 那是一个潮湿而又雾气蒙蒙的早晨。
[dæmp] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] damp sth down
FIRE
■to make a fire burn more slowly 阻止（火势蔓延）；减少，控制（火势）
• Water was pumped from a nearby lake in an attempt to damp down the flames. 人们从附近的湖里抽水，试图控制住熊熊烈火。
FEELING
■to make a strong feeling be felt less strongly 压制（感情）；控制（情感）
• He had tried to damp down speculation about the state of his marriage. 他试图让人们减少对他婚姻状况的种种猜疑。
damp, moist, wet, humid
这组词都有“潮湿的”的意思，其区别是：
damp: 指吸进或覆盖着一点水份，常表示潮湿得使人不舒服。
moist: 指微湿，侧重不干，但并非湿得使人不快。
wet: 普通用词，指各种潮湿的状态。
humid: 正式用词，特指空气与天气的潮湿，相对湿度大。
damp, soak, wet
这组词都有“使潮湿”的意思，其区别是：
damp: 指全部弄湿，侧重状态。
soak: 多指浸没，侧重最后结果。
wet: 普通用词，一般指水所发挥的作用。
vt. [气象] [物] 使潮湿；使阻尼；使沮丧，抑制
 - control, stay, restrain
vi. 减幅，阻尼； [气象] [物] 变潮湿
 - moisturize
n. [气象] [物] 潮湿，湿气
 - moisture, humidity, wet
adj. [气象] [物] 潮湿的
 - wet, humid, moisty

Word: visibly
Front: visibly
[ˈvɪzəbli] (9780/9682)
Back: adv. 显然，明显地
分布：明显地(58%)，看得见地(42%)
adverb
■in a way that can be noticed; obviously 看得见地；引人注目地，显著地
• The Princess, visibly moved, kept her head bowed during the ceremony. 公主显然被感动了，在仪式上一直低着头。
adv. 明显地；显然；看得见地
 - obviously, clearly, broadly, markedly, evidently

Word: oath
Front: oath
[əʊθ] (研六托雅宝 6353/7058 -1)
Vocabulary: oath
(once / 185 pages)
1n 2n
An oath is a promise. If you want to borrow your brother's car, you may have to swear a solemn oath that you will bring it back unharmed.
An oath is a solemn promise, sometimes made in front of a witness, or a vow in a court of law that you will tell the absolute truth. No matter what the circumstances are, swearing an oath is serious business. That's why it's odd that an oath can also be an angry outburst of obscene words. Your brother might mutter an oath under his breath and clench his fists angrily if you return his car to him with a broken side mirror.
WORD FAMILY
oath: oaths
USAGE EXAMPLES
Vice President Joe Biden, in one of his final official acts, will administer the oath to 27 returning senators and seven new ones.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
His younger son held the Bible for the oath, and his other two children performed the robing at the conclusion of the ceremony.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Former chancellor George Osborne hailed the idea as a "great initiative", and ex-culture secretary John Whittingdale also said he supported the oath.
BBC(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 誓言，誓约; 妄用神名，渎神的言词; [法]宣誓; 诅咒，咒骂语
分布：誓言(82%)，誓约(17%)，咒骂语(1%)
→来自古英语ath,发誓，以神的名义起誓所言为真，来自Proto-Germanic*aithaz,来自oito,发誓。引申词义诅咒。
n.誓言,誓约,诅咒In the Catholic cathedral the athlete shouted out his wrath in the athletic oath.在天主教大教堂,选手在体育誓言中喊出了他义愤.
US [oʊθ] noun countable
PROMISE 承诺
■a promise, especially that you will tell the truth in a law court （尤指法庭上的）誓言，誓约，宣誓
• Medieval knights took an oath of allegiance/loyalty to their lord. 中世纪骑士宣誓效忠于君主。
• The witness placed her hand on the Bible and took the oath (= promised to tell the truth). 证人将手放在《圣经》上，起誓要讲真话。
be under/on oath
■to have formally promised to tell the truth 已宣誓要讲真话
• The judge reminded the witness that she was under oath. 法官提醒证人她宣过誓要据实作证。
UK [əʊθ] US [oʊθ] noun countable
SWEAR WORD 咒骂语 old-fashioned
■a swear word, especially one which uses a name for God （尤指提及神灵的）诅咒，咒骂
• muttering/mouthing oaths 低声／默默地咒骂
pledge, oath, vow
这组词都有“誓言”的意思，其区别是：
pledge: 普通用词，指保证去做或不做某事的郑重许诺。
oath: 指对上帝或神发出的庄严、正式的誓言以示自己话语的真实性。现多用于法庭上。
vow: 指庄严的许诺或誓约。
n. 誓言，誓约；诅咒，咒骂
 - pledge, asseveration

Word: plaza
Front: plaza
[ˈplɑ:zə] (托宝 7095/15676 -1)
Vocabulary: plaza
(once / 1379 pages)
n
A plaza is an urban park or square, or another public space where people can walk, sit, and congregate. You might, for example, tell your friend to meet you in the plaza downtown with the big horse statue.
There are plazas that are mainly open spaces for pedestrians, sometimes including statues, fountains, and benches, like Washington DC's Freedom Plaza or Union Square in New York. Other plazas are more commercial, offering room to stroll and sit but also stores and restaurants. In Spanish, plaza simply means "place," and the earliest plazas were built in Spanish colonies in South America and the East Indies.
WORD FAMILY
plaza: plazas
USAGE EXAMPLES
This year, as usual, the firm invited alumni, including me, to its holiday party at the Plaza Hotel.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Shops like Ties, Shirts and More fill Beltway Plaza Mall, one of the area’s oldest shopping malls.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
“Both countries, Mexico and the United States, benefit from trade, from immigration,” Silvaja said as a band played in the plaza.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 市场，购物中心; 〈外〉（西班牙城镇的）广场
分布：广场(87%)，购物中心(10%)，市场(3%)
→来自西班牙语plaza,广场，来自拉丁语platea,庭院，开阔地，词源同place,plate.
【记】源于place（n 地方）
noun countable
■an open area or square in a town, especially in Spanish-speaking countries （尤指西班牙语国家城镇中的）露天广场
■a group of buildings including shops designed as a single development within a town （城市建筑群中的）购物区，购物中心
n. 广场；市场，购物中心
 - exchanges, square

Word: imposition
Front: imposition
[ˌɪmpəˈzɪʃn] (11155/7215)
Vocabulary: imposition
(once / 1784 pages)
n
Imposition means you force something — usually an unwanted burden — on someone else. If your friends invite themselves over for dinner the night before your big test, that's an imposition because you'll have to cook instead of studying.
Imposition comes from the 14th century Old French word of the same spelling, meaning "the levying of taxes, a tax, duty." Taxes are a good way to remember the meaning of imposition. You never want to pay taxes — but you have no choice but to pay. It can be the same for other kinds of burdens: if something is an imposition, you don't want to do it, but you likely will have to.
WORD FAMILY
imposition: impositions+/ impose: imposed, imposes, imposing, imposition, reimpose, superimpose / imposed: self-imposed/ imposing: imposingly, unimposing/reimpose: reimposed, reimposes, reimposing, reimposition/ superimpose: superimposed, superimposes, superimposing
USAGE EXAMPLES
We worry it’s an imposition to ask, but sometimes, especially from someone normally independent, asking is actually a gift.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
A year later, though, after the Russian seizure of Crimea and the imposition of international sanctions, Russian tourism plummeted.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
The company now supports imposition of a “carbon tax” that would put a price on each ton of carbon emitted.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 强加; 被迫接受; 过分的要求; 税收
分布：强迫接受(44%)，课税(31%)，欺骗(25%)
→来自impose,推行，强加。引申词义颁布，实施。
征税;强加(见impose)[pos,posit=put表示"放"]
noun
EXPECTING 期望
only singular
■when someone expects another person to do something that they do not want to do or that is not convenient for them 勉强；硬要
• Would it be too much of an imposition to ask you to pick my parents up from the airport? 请您去机场接我父母是不是太强人所难了？
[ˌɪm.pə'zɪʃ.ən] noun
NEW LAW 新法律
uncountable
■the introduction of a new law or system （新法律或体系的）实施
• the imposition of the death penalty/martial law/sanctions 实施死刑／军事管制／制裁
n. 征收；强加；欺骗；不公平的负担
 - collection, fraud, expropriation

Word: recreate
Front: recreate
[ˌri:kriˈeɪt] (-/11971 -1)
Vocabulary: recreate
(once / 654 pages)
1v 2v
To recreate means to give new life to something, to redo, or remake it. Say you become a billionaire and you grow tired of your mansion, try recreating your childhood home on your estate, so you can retire modestly.
To recreate literally means to create over. If the mural you painted on the outside of your home was damaged in a flood, you might want to recreate it with waterproof paint. Recreate can also mean reimagine. If you become the principal of your old high school, you could throw out the old subjects and recreate high school education as everlasting game day. Recreate can also mean to play — it gives us the word recreation.
WORD FAMILY
recreate: recreated, recreates, recreating, recreation +/ create: created, creates, creating, creation, creative, creator, creature, miscreate, re-create, recreate /created: re-created/ creation: creationism, creations, re-creation/ creative: creatively, creativeness, creativity, uncreative/ creator: creators/ creature: creatures/miscreate: miscreated, miscreating, miscreation/miscreation: miscreations/re-create: re-creating/ recreation: recreational, recreations/ recreational: nonrecreational, recreationally/uncreative: uncreatively, uncreativeness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Town Hall structure recreated the building’s swimming pool - complete with gingerbread swimmers - and also featured a chocolate-topped clock and, cinnamon candy chimneys.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
They’re attempting to recreate Blackburn’s forward line of two years ago.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Now Netflix is hoping to recreate lightning in a bottle with season two of Stranger Things.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: v. 重现; 重建; 再创造
时态：recreated, recreating, recreates
分布：再创造(60%)，使得到休养(16%)，得到消遣(16%)，休息娱乐(8%)
→re-,再，重新，create,创造。
休养;再造(re再+create→再创造→休养[再创能量])[cre,creas=grow,make,表示"增长,产生"]
verb transitive
■to make something exist or happen again 使再现；再创造
• They plan to recreate a typical English village in Japan. 他们计划在日本再现一个典型的英国式村庄。
• Their work involves restoring and recreating wildlife habitats all across the country. 他们的工作包括在全国恢复和重建野生动植物的生长环境。
vi. 娱乐；消遣
 - to entertain, wile away

Word: unnerve
Front: unnerve
[ˌʌnˈnɜ:v] (12595/12111 -1)
Back: vt. 使失去勇气; 使身心交疲; 使焦躁; 使失常
时态：unnerved, unnerving, unnerves
分布：使丧失勇气(58%)，使焦躁(28%)，使气馁(14%)
→un-, 使相反，nerve, 神经，勇气。即使失去勇气，紧张。
US [-'nɝ:v] verb transitive
■to make someone feel less confident and slightly frightened 使紧张；使缺乏信心；使恐惧
• I think it unnerved me to be interviewed by so many people. 这么多人来面试我，让我很没信心。
vt. 使失去勇气；使身心交疲；使焦躁；使失常
 - overdare

Word: slew
Front: slew
[slu:] (宝 12917/21735)
Vocabulary: slew
(once / 656 pages)
1n 2v
Of all the many nouns referring to a large group of things, one of the most fun is slew, as in "I saw a whole slew of birds in the tree by the river."
American English is constantly evolving, its richness coming from the many languages feeding into it. The noun slew, for instance, is from the Irish Gaelic sluagh, meaning "multitude." As an unrelated verb, it's the past tense of slay.
WORD FAMILY
slew: slewed, slewing, slews
USAGE EXAMPLES
For every hit like “Mortal Combat” or “Lara Croft: Tomb Raider,” there are a slew of duds such as “Warcraft” and “Prince of Persia.”
Time(Jan 01, 2017)
But in games decided by a touchdown or less, they’ve won nine in a row, despite a slew of injuries.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
For every hit like "Mortal Combat" or "Lara Croft: Tomb Raider," there are a slew of duds such as "Warcraft" and "Prince of Persia."
Reuters(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 许多，大量
v. 杀死，宰杀，杀戮( slay的过去式 )
时态：slewed, slewing, slews
分布：许多(54%)，回转(20%)，转向(14%)，沼地(8%)，动词slay的过去式.(4%)
→来自爱尔兰语 sluagh,军队，队伍，词源同 slogan.引申词义许多，大量。
【记】slew是slow慢慢聚集的
【参】slue（v ＝slew；n 极多）
【反】limited quantity（有限数量）；paucity（n 极小量）
verb past simple of
■ slay
[slu:] noun countable usually singular US informal
■a large amount or number 很多；大量
• Mr Savino has been charged with three murders as well as a whole slew of other crimes. 萨维诺先生被控犯有三项谋杀罪外加一大堆其他的罪行。
[slu:] verb intransitive or transitive [+ adv/prep]
■to turn or be turned round suddenly and awkwardly （使）突然转向
• The car hit a patch of ice and slewed around violently. 汽车撞到一片冰，猛地打起转来。
• He slewed the van to the left to avoid the dog. 他将货车猛然左转以避开那条狗。
n. 回转；沼地；极多
 - turning, circumgyration
vi. 扭转；侧滑；转向；猛拐
 - swing, turn towards
vt. 使扭转；使旋转
 - turn, spin
v. 杀害（slay的过去式）
 - martyred

Word: secretariat
Front: secretariat
[ˌsekrəˈteəriət] (20162/10488 -1)
Back: n. 秘书处; 书记处; 秘书; 秘书之职
分布：秘书处(85%)，书记处(15%)
→来自法语 secretariat,秘书处，对应英语 secretary.
US [-'ter.i-] noun countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■the office or people responsible for the management of an organization, especially an international or political one 秘书处（人员）

Word: trailing
Front: trailing
['treɪlɪŋ] (14503/14618)
Back: n. 泥浆彩饰
adj. 拖尾的; 曳尾的; 被拖动的; 蔓延的
v. （使某物）被拖在后面( trail的现在分词 ); 跟踪，追踪; （在比赛等中）输; （尤指跟在他人后面）疲惫地走
分布：拖尾(56%)，蔓生的(33%)，动词trail的现在分词形式.(11%)
adjective [before noun]
■describes plants that grow along the ground or over the surface of something （植物）蔓生的
• a trailing rose 蔓生的玫瑰
adj. 后面的；拖尾的；牵引的；被拖动的；蔓延的
 - latter, pulled, back, rear
v. 尾随（trail的ing形式）
 - shadowing

Word: arbitrage
Front: arbitrage
[ˈɑ:bɪtrɑ:ʒ] (26856/13582 -1)
Vocabulary: arbitrage
(once / 26324 pages)
nv
"Buy low, sell high" is the mantra of the stock market. Perhaps the most extreme example of this is arbitrage, the act of buying and selling goods simultaneously in different markets to gain an immediate profit. Impressive, but tricky.
Although the meaning of the word arbitrage as used today is relatively new, dating back to the late 19th Century, the word itself can be traced back to the Latin arbitrārī, with the meaning "to regulate." In English, arbitrage first meant "using personal judgment." If you practice arbitrage, you'll need to use great personal judgment in dealing with varying stock prices. Remember to pronounce the last syllable "trahzh," as if it were French.
WORD FAMILY
arbitrage: arbitraged, arbitrager, arbitraging+/arbitrager: arbitragers
USAGE EXAMPLES
At first he mainly speculated on takeover situations, or what's called risk arbitrage.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Investors in The Winning Express were guaranteed 2% tax-free interest per month - or 27% annually - through placing "sporting arbitrage" bets.
BBC(Dec 02, 2016)
In a free-market system we can expect that advantageous arbitrage opportunities are exploited by profit-seeking market participants no matter how many investors index.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: n. &v. 套汇，套利; 仲裁
时态：arbitraged, arbitraging, arbitrages
分布：套汇(46%)，套利交易(34%)，仲裁(20%)
→同arbiter, 指裁判员身份。经济学术语，词义贬义化，即同时当运动员和裁判员。
US ['ɑ:r.bɪ.trɑ:ʒ] specialized
noun uncountable
■the method on the stock exchange of buying something in one place and selling it in another place at the same time, in order to make a profit from the difference in price in the two places 套利；套汇；套购
n. 套汇，套利；仲裁
 - mediation, intermediation

Word: censure
Front: censure
[ˈsenʃə(r)] (托 15287/14791 -1)
Vocabulary: censure
(once / 525 pages)
nv
Censure is a noun referring to very strong criticism; the verb means to criticize very strongly. If you take your dad's car without telling him, you can expect him to censure you severely, and maybe even ground you as well.
The noun and verb are most closely associated with official expressions of disapproval, as when Congress censures a senator. The noun is from Latin cēnsūra "censorship," from cēnsor "an ancient Roman censor." The job of a Roman censor was to take the census and to supervise public morals and behavior. Our English word censor––which means to suppress speech or other forms of expression––is from this Latin word.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
censor / censure
A censor hides information. A censure is harsh criticism. They're both judgments and they both stink.
Foul language, nudity, and revolutionary ideas are often censored, or hidden, by some gang who's in charge, such as a government, the FCC, or your parents when they kick you out of the room for the best part of the movie. Censor can act as a verb or a noun:
But Iran routinely censors the Internet using sophisticated filtering technology. (Wall Street Journal)
The catalog reproduces a news photograph of "beach censors" arresting women in such offending garb. (New York Times)
Censure is a strong dislike. When you strongly disapprove of something, usually in an official capacity, you are censuring that something, like when the student council censures your idea to have a pool party in December. Here are more examples:
"They're tired of being censured or criticized," Dr. McKenna said. (Time)
While Maud, still smarting inwardly from her father's recent sharp censure, had not dared to brave Mr. Warren's certain anger by doing so. (Laura Dent Crane)
They sound alike but not the same: censor sounds like senser and censure sounds like senshure. Remember: to be censored is to be stopped from saying something; to be censured is to be reprimanded after you've said it.
WORD FAMILY
censure: censurable, censured, censures, censuring+/censurable: censurably
USAGE EXAMPLES
Israel’s main ally, for allowing the United Nations to censure his government over its controversial plans to build new settlements in the occupied West Bank.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Six of their superiors—including a deputy district chief—were disciplined through demotion, administrative censure or removal from their leadership posts, Beijing police said.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Security Council, which allowed a censure of Israeli settlements to pass for the first time in 36 years, according to U.S. envoy to the U.N.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 指责，谴责; 责备; 斥责
vt. 指责; 谴责; 责备; 批评
vi. 谴责，责备
时态：censured, censuring, censures
分布：责难(52%)，非难(18%)，责备(18%)，公开谴责(12%)
→来自census，审查。
责难(cens+ure→判断审查[别人]--责难)[cens=judge表示"判断"]
责难(cens评判+ure)[-ture表名词,通常在单词或词根以t结尾时使用,表示"一般状态,行为"…ature","iture"注:-ture在s结尾的词根后变成-sure]
【记】读：散射：吐沫象散射一样批评你－严厉责难读：三舌。一个人有三个舌头：说话就会象严厉责难
【反】commend（v 称赞）；exonerate（v 证明无罪）；extol（v 表扬）
US [-ʃɚ] formal
noun uncountable
■strong criticism or disapproval 指责，斥责，谴责
• His dishonest behaviour came under severe censure. 他的不诚实行为受到了严厉指责。
vt. 责难，责备
 - impugn, decry
n. 责难
 - decrial, dyslogy
vi. 谴责，责备
 - accuse of, blame for

Word: cultivation
Front: cultivation
[ˌkʌltɪˈveɪʃn] (托雅 9376/6712)
Vocabulary: cultivation
(once / 417 pages)
1n 2n
Cultivation is the act of caring for or raising plants. Your desire to grow your own fruits and vegetables in the backyard means you'll be engaged in some heavy cultivation.
The word cultivation is most often used to talk about the ways that farmers take care of crops. However, in a more general sense, the verb cultivate means to improve or train someone or something. You could participate in the cultivation of your little brother by paying for him to take tango lessons and teaching him how to play chess. Or perhaps you might start by simply teaching him how to sip and not slurp his soup.
WORD FAMILY
cultivation: cultivations, self-cultivation+/cultivable: uncultivable/cultivatable: uncultivatable/ cultivate: cultivable, cultivatable, cultivated, cultivates, cultivating, cultivation, cultivator, overcultivate/ cultivated: uncultivated/cultivator: cultivators/overcultivate: overcultivated
USAGE EXAMPLES
They were also supposed to encourage farmers to abandon the cultivation of opium poppy, the region’s most lucrative cash crop.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
One goal is to meet the need in the state for cultivation of honeybee populations.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
The Maine Brewers’ Guild says more research would help boost local hop cultivation.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 教养; 栽培; 耕作; （关系的）培植
分布：培养(73%)，耕作(19%)，教化(8%)
栽培;培养(cultivate+ion)[cult=till,表示"耕种,培养"]
VERB
耕;耕作；种植
If you cultivate land or crops, you prepare land and grow crops on it.
例：She also cultivated a small garden of her own.她还耕种了一片属于自己的小园子。
例：...the few patches of cultivated land.为数不多的几小块耕地
VERB
逐渐形成，培养(某种态度、形象或技能)
If you cultivate an attitude, image, or skill, you try hard to develop it and make it stronger or better.
例：He has written eight books and has cultivated the image of an elder statesman...他已经写了8本书，树立起了其政界元老的形象。
例：Cultivating a positive mental attitude towards yourself can reap tremendous benefits.培养一种自信的积极心态会让人受益匪浅。
VERB
结交(朋友);建立(友谊)
If you cultivate someone or cultivate a friendship with them, you try hard to develop a friendship with them.
例：Howe carefully cultivated Daniel C. Roper, the Assistant Postmaster General...豪谨慎地和邮政副部长丹尼尔·C.罗珀拉近关系。
例：Estonia has done much to cultivate the friendship of western European countries.爱沙尼亚努力发展与西欧国家的友谊。
n. [细胞] [微] 培养；耕作； [农学] 耕种；教化；文雅
 - education, training, farming, enlightenment

Word: fascism
Vocabulary: fascism
(once / 1757 pages)
n
Fascism is a way of ruling that advocates total control of the people. Your parents' rule that you must be home by midnight might seem like fascism, but Europeans will tell you that it could be a lot worse.
The word fascism can be hard to spell, so remember that the c comes after the s. Fascism comes from the Latin fascio, meaning “bundle, or political group.” In fascism, the people are looked at as a bundle — one body that must be controlled by the government with absolute force. There’s no option to vote, no chance to impeach a leader, and no freedom to stand up against the governing body.
WORD FAMILY
fascism: fascist, fascistic+/ fascist: fascists/fascistic: fascistically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Chamberlin wrote that by “singing for this man” the choir would appear to be “endorsing” tyranny and fascism, and its image would be “severely damaged.”
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
In it, she writes that by performing at the Jan. 20 inaugural, the 360-member choir will appear to be “endorsing tyranny and fascism.”
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
To be censored and blocked rightfully naming the rise of fascism is a form of fascism itself and corporate collaboration.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)

Word: mum
Front: mum
[mʌm] (14080/1110 -K3)
Vocabulary: mum
(once / 1566 pages)
1adjn 2n 3n
Someone who's mum has nothing to say, especially on a particular subject. If you agree to keep someone's secret, you could tell them, "Mum's the word!"
A shy child who's new at school might stay mum all day, and even your most talkative friend might remain mum on controversial topics like religion and politics. In many parts of the world, mum is also a nickname for your mother — and it's also a nickname for the flower called a chrysanthemum. The "quiet" meaning of mum comes from Old English, inspired by the "mmm" sound you make when your lips are closed.
WORD FAMILY
mum: mumming, mums
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mum was born in Hong Kong and grew up in the UK, and this was half way.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
One evening, we were driving home after dropping my mum off for her night shift in a local hospital.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
He played football, liked noodles and used to rib his mum about her Irish accent when she lost her temper.
BBC(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 妈妈; 沉默; 菊花; 烈性啤酒
adj. 沉默的，无言的
vi. 演哑剧
vt. 闭口，不讲话; 演哑剧
分布：名词(96%)，形容词(4%)
→拟声词，使闭口，沉默，发m-m 的声音。mum 妈妈
noun countable UK (US mom)
 ESSENTIAL informal
■mother 妈妈
• [as form of address] "Happy birthday, Mum." “生日快乐，妈妈。”
• All the mums and dads are invited to the school play at the end of the year. 年底时，所有的父母都获邀请到学校看演出。
[mʌm] noun countable UK (US mom)
Mum's the word. saying old-fashioned
■said when you tell someone, or agree with someone, to keep something a secret （用于告诉或答应某人保守秘密）别张扬出去，一定保密
• "I'm not telling people generally yet." "OK, mum's the word!" “我还没有公开和大伙讲。”“好，一定守口如瓶！”
[mʌm] adjective informal
keep mum
■to say nothing about a subject 保持沉默
• It's not official yet so keep mum. 这还不是正式的，所以不要讲出去。
adj. 沉默的
 - silent, wordless
n. 妈妈（口语）；沉默；菊花
 - mom, silence, mama, mummy
vi. 演哑剧
 - mumm

Word: forceful
Front: forceful
[ˈfɔ:sfl] (10012/9567 -1)
Vocabulary: forceful
(once / 1871 pages)
adj
Something forceful is strong and firm. A politician's forceful speech is self-assured and energetic, and it makes the audience sit up and take notice.
One meaning of forceful is all about physical strength: "The forceful throw carried the football past the goalposts." Another way to be forceful is to be emphatic or vehement: "The child's forceful refusal to go to bed could not be ignored by the sleepy babysitter." Forceful literally means "full of force," and force comes from the Latin fortis, "strong, firm, or steadfast."
WORD FAMILY
forceful: forcefully, forcefulness, unforceful+/ enforce: enforceable, enforced, enforcement, enforcer, enforces, enforcing, reenforce/enforceable: unenforceable/ enforced: enforcedly, unenforced/ enforcement: enforcements/enforcer: enforcers/ force: enforce, forced, forceful, forceless, forces, forcible, forcing/forced: forcedly, unforced/forcible: forciblest, forcibly/reenforce: reenforced, reenforcement, reenforces, reenforcing/reenforcement: reenforcements/unforced: unforcedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Gannon says while using “a forceful command” may be necessary, “threatening language is never appropriate or acceptable.”
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
She is free yet guarded, proud yet insecure, forceful yet tentative, cynical yet naive.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
But the forceful intervention, including a discussion with Egypt’s president, failed to prevent passage of the resolution.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 强有力的; 有说服力的; 有效的; 强劲
分布：有力的(96%)，强烈的(4%)
有力的(force+ful)[fore,fort=storng,表示"强大,力量"]
US ['fɔ:rs-] adjective
■expressing opinions strongly and demanding attention or action 强有力的；有说服力的
• The opposition leader led a very forceful attack on the government in parliament this morning. 反对党领袖今天上午在议会对政府发起了强有力的抨击。
• She has a very forceful personality which will serve her well in politics. 她的个性十分坚强，这对她从政非常有利。
adj. 强有力的；有说服力的；坚强的
 - powerful, strong, tough, cogent, steel

Word: motto
Front: motto
[ˈmɒtəʊ] (高雅宝 9048/9695 -1)
Vocabulary: motto
(once / 717 pages)
n
A motto is a slogan or favorite saying, like "When life hands you lemons, make lemonade."
A motto is something you might see on a t-shirt or bumper sticker — a short sentence or phrase that has meaning for that person. Some mottoes have to do with politics, religion, or another belief. Sometimes People write their motto on a large banner or sign so others can see it. President John F. Kennedy's motto was “Ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country.” Mottoes are similar to proverbs, slogans, and catchphrases.
WORD FAMILY
motto: mottoes, mottos
USAGE EXAMPLES
“This year, our motto was ‘Embrace The Target,’” Watkins said.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
The tiny insect became prominent on club T-shirts and one version includes the motto “For every one you see there’s ten you don’t.”
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
He built the local bank during its most successful days, and never lost sight of its “Friend of the Family” motto.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 座右铭; 格言; 箴言; 主题句
分布：座右铭(81%)，箴言(19%)
→来自意大利语motto,格言，来自拉丁语muttire,说，咕哝，词源同mutter,mot,motet.
座右铭(mot动...行动之指南)[-o 1.表名词"人,物或状态"2.表名词,用于音乐术语]
【记】读：猫头，原指刻有猫头的盾牌的背面刻着的座右铭
US ['mɑ:.tˌoʊ] noun countable (plural mottos or mottoes)
■a short sentence or phrase that expresses a belief or purpose 座右铭，格言，箴言
• Her motto is "Work hard, play hard". 她的座右铭是“努力工作，痛快玩乐”。
n. 座右铭，格言；箴言
 - imprese, maxim

Word: imaginative
Front: imaginative
[ɪˈmædʒɪnətɪv] (研六托雅 7925/5653 -2)
Vocabulary: imaginative
(once / 689 pages)
adj
To be imaginative is to be inventive and original. If you enjoy coming up with stories, writing songs, or just thinking about things in new ways, you’re an imaginative person.
Great painters, musicians, and writers are imaginative. However, being imaginative isn’t just limited to the arts. When you're imaginative, you can develop a unique solution to a problem or issue. For example, an imaginative engineer might develop a new, more efficient way to construct a bridge. An idea or object that’s fresh and original — like that bridge the engineer designed — can also be described as imaginative.
WORD FAMILY
imaginative: imaginatively, imaginativeness, unimaginative+/ imaginable: imaginably, unimaginable/ imagination: imaginations/ imagine: imaginable, imagination, imaginative, imagined, imagining/unimaginable: unimaginably/unimaginative: unimaginatively
USAGE EXAMPLES
From the master short story writer, a long-awaited first novel, an imaginative tale featuring our 16th president.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Thanks to an abundance of major-league album releases in 2016, and some genuine coups by bookers, however, an imaginative summer season is on the horizon.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
“It means I’m imaginative, intuitive about ideas, visionary, enjoys the unusual and learns by experimenting.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 富于想像力的，运用想像力的; 想象或创造出来的; 沉溺于想象的; 虚假的
分布：富于想象力的(100%)
富于想象的(imagine+ative)[imag,imit=imagine,lkeness,表示"想象,相象"]
a.富有想象力的,爱想象的It's just an imaginative story.这只是个虚构的故事.
【区】imaginary（adj 假想的；虚构的）
【反】reportorial（adj 记者的；纪实的）；pedestrian（adj 徒步的；陈腐的）
US [-tˌɪv] approving
adjective
■new, original and clever 新颖的，独创的
• an imaginative new approach/policy 有创意的新方法／政策
• The architects have made imaginative use of glass and transparent plastic. 建筑师别出心裁地使用了玻璃和透明塑胶。
■good at producing ideas or things that are unusual, clever or showing skill in inventing 想像力丰富的，有创意的
• an imaginative designer 想像力丰富的设计师
imaginable, imaginary, imaginative
这些词都是与想象有关的形容词。
imaginable: 可以想象得到的。如：This is the only solution imaginable.(这是惟一想得出的解决办法。)
imaginary: 假想的，虚构的。如：an imaginary character in a story(故事里的虚构人物)
imaginative: 富于想象力力的。如：an imaginative artist(想像力丰定的艺术家)
creative, original, imaginative
这组词都有“有创造力的”的意思，其区别是：
creative: 侧重指具有把本来不存在的事物创造出来的能力。
original: 强调具有与众不同，有独到之处的创造能力。
imaginative: 指想象大异于现实，近乎或等于虚构。强调富有幻想能力。
adj. 虚构的；富于想像的；有创造力的
 - fictitious, figmentary

Word: normality
Front: normality
[nɔ:ˈmæləti] (18894/11462)
Vocabulary: normality
(once / 16059 pages)
1n 2n
When something happens that shakes up your life, you probably look forward to a return to normality, meaning the usual happenings of everyday life.
To correctly pronounce normality, accent the second syllable and rhyme it with gal: "nor-MAL-ity." When you look at normality, you notice the word normal, which describes something that meets common standards. The suffix -ity means "the state of being," so normality refers to a state that is normal, something that is just as expected. Normality and normalcy are synonyms, the later associated with President Warren G. Harding, who during a speech used normalcy instead of the more common normality.
WORD FAMILY
normality: normalities+/ abnormal: abnormalcy, abnormality, abnormally/abnormality: abnormalities/ normal: abnormal, normalcy, normalise, normality, normalize, normally, normals, subnormal, supernormal/ normalcy: normalcies/normalise: normalisation, normalised, normaliser, renormalise/ normalize: normalization, normalized, normalizer, normalizes, normalizing, renormalize/subnormal: subnormality, subnormally, subnormals/subnormality: subnormalities/supernormal: supernormally
USAGE EXAMPLES
Did you want to explore the idea of normality in this story?
The New Yorker(Jan 02, 2017)
“A lesson,” Leipzig coach Ralph Hasenhuettl called it, as a sense of normality returned to the top of the league.
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Purser is looking forward to returning to relative normality when she finishes work on current film Wish Upon.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. 常态; [化]当量浓度; 规度; 正态
分布：常态(100%)
→来自normal,正常的。
US [nɔ:r'mæl.ə.tˌi/ (US also normalcy)
noun uncountable
■the state of being normal 正常（状态），常态
• Now that the civil war is over, relative normality has returned to the south of the country. 由于内战已经结束，该国南部又恢复到相对正常的状态。
n. 常态； [化学] 当量浓度；规定浓度
 - normal concentration, equivalent concentration

Word: pencil
Front: pencil
[ˈpensl] (中高 4410/4530 -K2)
Vocabulary: pencil
(once / 399 pages)
1nv 2n
If you want to write something you can easily erase, write it with a pencil (instead of with a pen). When you color in the bubbles on a standardized test, a #2 pencil is the way to go.
Unlike pens, which use ink, pencils have a pointed cylinder of graphite that makes marks on paper. Most pencils are wood with a thin center of graphite, although mechanical pencils are made of metal or plastic and look more like pens. You might describe an artwork as a pencil drawing, or ask if you can pencil some notes in the margins of your friend's copy of "Moby Dick." When you "pencil something in," you mark it tentatively on your calendar, knowing you might have to erase it later if your plans change.
WORD FAMILY
pencil: penciled, penciling, pencilling, pencils
USAGE EXAMPLES
To begin, Ms. Bower draws preliminary designs in a sketchbook with a pencil.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
“I still use paper and pencil, and keep my calendar posted in the kitchen,” despite her kids’ suggestion that she put it online.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
He wrote longhand with a pen or pencil, producing 1,000 words a day.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 铅笔，彩色铅笔; 笔状物; 画风，画法; [物]光线锥
vt. 用铅笔写; 用画笔画
时态：pencilled, pencilling, pencils
分布：铅笔(91%)，用铅笔写(7%)，笔状物(2%)
→来自拉丁语penicillus,刷子，画家用小毛刷，毛笔，来自penis,尾巴，词源同penis,penicillin.
n.铅笔vt.用铅笔写A pen or a pencil is required.需要一支钢笔或铅笔.
noun countable or uncountable
 ESSENTIAL
■a long thin usually wooden object for writing or drawing, with a sharp black or other coloured point, made from a type of carbon, at one end 铅笔
• a box of coloured pencils 一盒彩色铅笔
• pens and pencils 钢笔和铅笔
• He sat with his pencil poised , ready to take notes. 他坐着，手里拿着铅笔准备写笔记。
• The pencil's blunt - you'd better sharpen it (= make its point sharp). 铅笔钝了——你最好削一下。
• Write your comments in the margin of the report in (= using) pencil. 把你的意见用铅笔写在报告的页边上。
• a pencil sharpener 削铅笔器，卷笔刀
■the form of some types of make-up 化妆笔
• an eyebrow pencil 眉笔
• a lip pencil 唇线笔
■literary
■a thin beam of light 一束光
• A pencil of light showed as the door opened slightly. 门稍稍开启时，一缕阳光透了进来。
['pent.səl] noun countable or uncountable
put / set pencil to paper
■to write 书写
• Everyone should put pencil to paper and complain about the proposal. 每个人都应该把对这项建议的不满写出来。
['pent.səl] adjective [before noun]
■describes something that has been drawn with a pencil 用铅笔写（或画、描、记）的
• pencil sketches/drawings 素描／铅笔画
• Cut on or just inside the pencil line. 沿着铅笔线或紧贴着线内侧剪裁。
['pent.səl] verb transitive (-ll- or US USUALLY -l-)
■to write something with a pencil 用铅笔写
['pent.səl] verb transitive (-ll- or US USUALLY -l-)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] pencil sth/sb in
■to arrange for something to happen or for someone to do something on a particular date or occasion, knowing that the arrangement might be changed later 草拟，暂定
• We'll pencil in the dates for the next two meetings and confirm them later. 我们将暂定一下接下来两次会议的日期，稍后再加以确认。

Word: poultry
Front: poultry
[ˈpəʊltri] (研六托雅 7625/9788 -1)
Back: n. 〈集合词〉家禽
分布：家禽(96%)，家禽肉(4%)
→来自古法语poulet,小鸡，家禽，词源同pullet.-ry,集合名词后缀。
n.家禽Have the poultry been fed?喂了家禽没有?
US ['poʊl-] plural noun
■birds, such as chickens, that are bred for their eggs and meat 家禽
• Some poultry farmers keep turkeys and ducks as well as chickens. 一些饲养家禽的农民不仅养鸡，还养火鸡和鸭子。
UK ['pəʊl.tri] US ['poʊl-] noun uncountable
■the meat from birds such as chickens 禽肉
n. [禽] 家禽
 - fowl

Word: traumatic
Front: traumatic
[trɔ:ˈmætɪk] (7301/8596)
Vocabulary: traumatic
(once / 6574 pages)
adj
Something is traumatic if it's very upsetting, painful, or disturbing. The word is related to a Greek word meaning "wound," so you can think of traumatic as something involving a wound, either physical or mental.
Your brother's reckless driving could make getting to school a traumatic experience in terms of your mental health. Traumatic can also describe a major physical injury, such as a traumatic brain injury. Post-traumatic stress disorder is a medical term used to describe the lasting and debilitating effects of something awful you've experienced, such as witnessing a disaster or suffering a major injury during combat.
WORD FAMILY
traumatic: traumatically+/ trauma: traumas, traumata, traumatic, traumatise, traumatize /traumatise: traumatised/ traumatize: traumatized, traumatizes, traumatizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
“For most people that would count as a traumatic experience,” he says.
Time(Dec 30, 2016)
“To me, it’s traumatic because she lost her other half,” Phillips said.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Lees said Gray was pronounced dead at the scene, probably of traumatic chest injuries, and his death “appears to be an unfortunate accident.”
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. <医>外伤的损伤的; 创伤的; 治外伤的
n. 外伤药
分布：创伤的(64%)，外伤的(36%)
→trauma,痛苦，创伤，-atic,形容词后缀。
US [trɑ:'mæ-] adjective
 ADVANCED
■If an experience is traumatic, it causes you severe emotional shock and upset （经历）痛苦难忘的，造成精神创伤的
• Some of the most disturbed children had witnessed really traumatic things, such as rape and murder. 有些心理极不正常的孩子曾经目睹给他们造成精神创伤的事情，例如强奸和谋杀。
 ADVANCED informal
■frightening and causing worry 令人恐惧的；令人如坐针毡的
• Don't you find exams traumatic? 你不觉得考试令人如坐针毡吗?
n. 外伤药
 - vulnerary

Word: treasurer
Front: treasurer
[ˈtreʒərə(r)] (六宝 11019/5768 -1)
Vocabulary: treasurer
(once / 700 pages)
n
A treasurer has the important job of tallying up funds received by an organization, handing out money for expenses, and keeping track of how much is left over.
Governments, businesses, clubs, and charities all have treasurers to manage their money. If you volunteer to be the treasurer of your school French club, you'll be responsible for keeping track of the money that comes in from your bake sale, as well as what's spent on your trip to Quebec. The noun treasurer comes from the Old French word for "treasure," tresor, which has its ultimate root in the Greek word thesauros, "store, treasure, or treasure house."
WORD FAMILY
treasurer: treasurers, treasurership+/treasurership: treasurerships
USAGE EXAMPLES
Kennedy’s chief deputy will run the treasurer’s office until someone is elected to the job.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Michael Waite is a Seattle-based finance professional who was a candidate for state treasurer last year.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Republican state Treasurer John Kennedy, always the front-runner in the race, ended up winning a runoff with Democrat Foster Campbell in December.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 财务主管; 司库; 出纳员
分布：会计(41%)，司库(36%)，出纳员(23%)
→treasure,财富，珍宝，-er,人。即看管财富的人，引申诸相关词义。
【记】treasure（n 财宝；财富），r人：财务员
US [-ɚ.ɚ] noun countable
■a person who is responsible for an organization's money （机构的）司库，会计，财务主管
n. 会计；司库；财务主管；出纳员
 - teller, financial executive

Word: advert
Front: advert
[ˈædvɜ:t] (宝 35264/6099 -2)
Vocabulary: advert
(once / 1165 pages)
1n 2v
This one's easy. An advert is an advertisement: just shorten advertisement, and you get advert. Of course, as a verb, to advert to something means to refer to it.
The noun advert (AD-vert) shows up mostly in England, where people use it interchangeably with advertisement. With the train going so fast, it was hard to read the advert posted along the track. Did you notice our new advert in the paper? No? Nobody else did either. We shouldn't have paid for those adverts. When your friends try to tell you that you drink too much, they might advert (ad-VERT) to your regular binges, barfing, and blackouts.
WORD FAMILY
advert: adverted, advertence, advertency, advertent, adverting, adverts+/advertent: advertently, inadvertent /inadvertence: inadvertences/inadvertency: inadvertencies/ inadvertent: inadvertence, inadvertency, inadvertently
USAGE EXAMPLES
Billboards, TV and radio adverts all portrayed him as the face of a state hungry for success and growth.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Local authorities also ask to scrutinize all evangelical material, including adverts for charity events, according to Catholic faithful.
Reuters(Dec 23, 2016)
There are also the made-up adverts that air in between the discussion.
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 〈英口〉同“advertisement”
vi. 引起注意; 提到
时态：adverted, adverting, adverts
分布：广告(93%)，注意(7%)
【记】ad一再，vert＝vers转－一再转到这个话题－提及ad，vert问她：一再问她出身并提出自己的看法
【区】advertising（n 广告业adj 广告的）
【反】advertent（adj 注意的；留意的）－inattentive（adj 疏忽）
US [-vɝ:t] UK
noun countable
 IMPROVER
■an advertisement
• an advert for the local radio station 当地广播电台推广节目的广告
vi. 注意；谈到
 - take care of, take notice
n. 广告
 - bill, publicity

Word: burial
Front: burial
[ˈberiəl] (高六托雅宝 6234/5406 -1)
Vocabulary: burial
(once / 593 pages)
n
A burial is the act of placing a dead person in a grave. It's a ritual of respect and closure. If your pet lizard dies, give him a proper burial by digging a little grave in your backyard.
If you've ever been to a funeral, you've probably witnessed a burial — lowering a corpse into the ground. Though burying a body is physically like burying anything, a burial involves solemn rituals and deep respect. Often, religious services are given as the body goes under, and the family and friends gather at the burial to mourn the dead. A tombstone or other marker is erected after the burial.
WORD FAMILY
burial: burials+/buried: buriedest, unburied/ bury: burial, buried, buries, burying, rebury /burying: buryings, reburying/ rebury: reburial, reburied, reburies
USAGE EXAMPLES
With all the hallmarks of a village inn, The Flask is very close to Highgate Cemetery - the burial place of Karl Marx.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Only the picture’s title, “Negro Burial Ground,” hints at the whole truth of the depot’s past.
The New Yorker(Dec 28, 2016)
The new law does not apply to hospitals, certain researchers and cases of burial or cremation.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 葬，掩埋; 葬礼
分布：埋葬(47%)，葬礼(44%)，坟墓(9%)
noun countable or uncountable
 ADVANCED
■the act of putting a dead body into the ground, or the ceremony connected with this 埋葬；葬礼
• We went back to Ireland for my uncle's burial. 我们回到爱尔兰参加叔叔的葬礼。
⇒ See also bury
['ber.i.əl] noun countable or uncountable
burial at sea
■a ceremony in which the body of a person who has died on a ship is put into the sea 海葬（仪式）
n. 埋葬；葬礼；弃绝
 - interment, entombment
adj. 埋葬的
 - funerary

Word: chalk
Front: chalk
[tʃɔ:k] (中高研四六托 9095/5988 -1)
Vocabulary: chalk
(once / 654 pages)
1nv 2n 3n
Chalk is a very soft kind of rock or limestone. While chalk is made of shells and the skeletons of sea creatures, it's usually found above sea level in pits or quarries.
Chalk is made of the element calcium carbonite, and it has agricultural uses, as well as showing up (in tiny amounts) in both toothpaste and antacids. The kind of chalk that you use for writing on a blackboard or decorating the sidewalk was originally made from calcium carbonite, but modern writing chalk is more often made of gypsum, a related form of calcium. Chalk comes from the Latin calx, "limestone," with the Greek root khalix, "small pebble."
WORD FAMILY
chalk: chalked, chalking, chalks, chalky+/chalky: chalkily
USAGE EXAMPLES
Use markers, crayons, paint, pencils, chalk, construction paper cutouts or whatever else strikes your fancy.
Washington Post(Nov 30, 2016)
Should I just chalk up her behavior to hormones?
Washington Post(Nov 22, 2016)
—A Baltimore nonprofit called Thread organized a “Love Notes to Baltimore” campaign where residents wrote uplifting messages in chalk on streets.
Seattle Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 粉笔，白垩; 用粉笔画的记号; 〈英〉（比赛）得分纪录，记入借方的款项; 〈美俚〉牛奶
v. 用粉笔写（记下）; 用白垩粉擦（桌球杆等）; 使苍白; （英）把（酒钱）记于（某人）账上
时态：chalked, chalking, chalks
分布：粉笔(75%)，白垩(16%)，用粉笔写(4%)，记录(3%)，归咎(1%)，使变白(1%)
→来自拉丁词calx, 石灰，石子，词源同calcite, calculate.
n.粉笔,白垩The systematic items stem from the walker's talk about the chalk.这些系统的条款来源于步行者关于粉笔的谈话.
US [tʃɑ:k] noun countable or uncountable
■a type of soft white rock, or (a stick of) this rock or a similar substance used for writing or drawing 白垩；粉笔
UK [tʃɔ:k] US [tʃɑ:k] noun countable or uncountable
be like chalk and cheese UK
■If two people are like chalk and cheese, they are completely different from each other 截然不同；迥异
• My brother and I are like chalk and cheese. 我哥哥和我截然不同。
UK [tʃɔ:k] US [tʃɑ:k] verb intransitive or transitive
■to write something with a piece of chalk 用粉笔书写
UK [tʃɔ:k] US [tʃɑ:k] verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] chalk sth up
■to achieve something, such as a victory, or to score points in a game 获（胜）；得（分）
• Today's victory is the fifth that the Irish team has chalked up this year. 今天的胜利是爱尔兰队今年获得的第五次胜利。
• It was doubtful whether the Conservatives could chalk up a fourth successive election victory, but they did. 保守党能否连续四次在选举中获胜令人怀疑，但是他们做到了。
chalk sth up to experience
■to accept failure and learn from a particular experience 把…当作经验教训；接受失败并从中汲取教训
• "So your new job didn't work out very well?" "No, it didn't, but never mind - chalk it up to experience." “那么你的新工作并不顺利？”“是不顺利，不过没关系——就当是一次教训吧。”
vt. 用粉笔写；用白垩粉擦；记录；规划
 - register, formulate, programme
n. [轻] 粉笔； [岩] 白垩；用粉笔划的记号
 - creta, pastille

Word: cod

Word: bookshop
Front: bookshop
[ˈbʊkʃɒp] (高雅 21128/6589 -1)
Back: n. 书店
分布：书店(99%)，=bookstore.(1%)
US [-ʃɑ:p] mainly UK (US usually bookstore)
noun countable
 IMPROVER
■a shop where books are sold 书店
n. [贸易] 书店
 - libraire

Word: discreet
Front: discreet
[dɪˈskri:t] (研托雅宝 11161/7680 -2)
Vocabulary: discreet
(once / 530 pages)
adj
Discreet describes someone or something that is appropriately quiet, prudent, and restrained. If you are wearing a discreet gray suit, it is unlikely that anyone at that business meeting will notice you.
Often people use discreet not only to indicate modesty or carefulness, but also to show a sort of secretiveness along the lines of “You're going to keep this a secret, right?” If no one in your family knows that you like to dress up as a bear, but then your cousin finds out, you may ask him to please be discreet.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
discreet / discrete
Discreet means on the down low, under the radar, careful, but discrete means individual or detached. They come from the same ultimate source, the Latin discrētus, for separated or distinct, but discreet has taken its own advice and quietly gone its separate way.
Today discreet is to be politely private about something and to be aware of consequences if everyone finds out what you're doing. Be discreet when you eat the lollipop your mom gave you but not your sister, so you don't have to listen to a tantrum. Wealthy people often try to be discreet with their money, because they don't want everyone to know they're rich. When you're trying to be cool, and keep something quiet, you're being discreet:
A source said: "Wayne attracts a lot of attention and the millionaires attracted to the area like to be more discreet." (The Sun)
Sound Level: Quiet, with widely spaced tables allowing for discreet conversations. (Business Week)
Discrete remains closer to its roots, meaning individual, detached, separated:
It is far better to think of these as isolated, unpredictable, discrete events. (Salon)
Quantum theory is usually thought of as discrete; after all, that's what the word "quantum" connotes. (Scientific American)
So last year, when earthquakes were recorded in small, discrete clusters in north central Arkansas, researchers perked up. (New York Times)
Although discreet and discrete have separate (or discrete) meanings, they are often confused. Remember that the "ee's" in discreet hide together in the middle of the word, but the "t" in discrete separates them.
WORD FAMILY
discreet: discreeter, discreetest, discreetly, discreetness, indiscreet, indiscreetly+/ indiscreet: indiscreeter, indiscreetest, indiscreetness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Her clothing style was refined professionalism — affordable polyester and discreet darts.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Westworld was a drama all about signs and signifiers, from the discreet clues left for viewers to the legend of “the maze”.
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
And the poems in Vievee Francis’s haunting collection “Forest Primeval” are discreet yet revelatory, irresolute yet decisive, distressed yet serene.
The New Yorker(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 谨慎的，慎重的; 考虑周到的; 小心的; 持重
分布：谨慎的(87%)，不引人注意的(13%)
→dis-, 分开，散开。-creet, 区分，词源同crisis, critic, discern. 即区分好坏善恶的，慎重的。
慎重的,谨慎的[cern,cert,cret=sure,separate,表示"搞清,区别"]
a.(言行)谨慎的;慎重的;有判断力的He is discreet in his behavior.他行为谨慎.
【区】discrete（adj 不连续的, 离散的）这里的2个e是不连续的而discreet中的两个ee象两只谨慎的眼睛。
adjective
■careful not to cause embarrassment or attract too much attention, especially by keeping something secret 审慎的，谨慎的，小心的
• The family made discreet enquiries about his background. 那家人小心翼翼地打听他的背景。
• They are very good assistants, very discreet - they wouldn't go shouting to the press. 他们都是很好的助手，非常谨慎——不会向新闻界嚷嚷甚么的。
adj. 谨慎的；小心的
 - careful, cautious, prudent, wary

Word: cohesion
Front: cohesion
[kəʊˈhi:ʒn] (托宝 10791/9083 -1)
Vocabulary: cohesion
(once / 4214 pages)
n
Cohesion means sticking together. If your group of friends heads to the lunchroom as a team and sits all together, you're demonstrating strong cohesion.
Cohesion is a word that comes to us through physics, where cohesion describes particles that are the same and tend to stick together — water molecules, for example. Outside of physics, cohesion describes unity among parts, and is something to be sought after. A team that has good cohesion is often a team that wins.
WORD FAMILY
cohesion: cohesions+/ cohere: cohered, coherence, coherency, coherent, coheres, cohering, cohesion, cohesive / coherence: coherences/coherency: coherencies/ coherent: coherently, incoherent / cohesive: cohesively, cohesiveness/incoherence: incoherences/incoherency: incoherencies/ incoherent: incoherence, incoherency, incoherently
USAGE EXAMPLES
Like, scald-the-soles-of-a-power-droid’s-foot cruel: “The commission considers that a religion/belief system should be characterised by a certain level of cogency, seriousness, cohesion and importance.”
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
Agricultural urbanism is entering a new phase as a framework to address community cohesion and food access.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
While the left of American politics often lacks cohesion, leaders of many groups say this time will be different.
New York Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 凝聚，内聚; （各部的）结合; [力]内聚力; [植]连着
分布：凝聚力(74%)，团结(15%)，内聚力(11%)
→co-, 强调。-her, 粘结，词源同adhere, hesitate. -s,过去分词格。
结合,凝聚力(co+hes+ion,cohere的名词)"[her,hes=stick,表示"粘附"]
US [koʊ-] (also cohesiveness) formal
noun uncountable
■when the members of a group or society are united 凝聚（力）；团结
• social/national cohesion 社会／国家凝聚力
• The lack of cohesion within the party lost them votes in the election. 党内缺乏凝聚力使他们在选举中失去了选票。
n. 凝聚；结合； [通信] [计] [力] [数] 内聚力
 - combination, coupling, wedding, bond, join

Word: dissatisfaction
Front: dissatisfaction
[ˌdɪsˌsætɪsˈfækʃn] (六 8530/7755)
Vocabulary: dissatisfaction
(once / 1322 pages)
n
When you're unhappy, disappointed, or or annoyed about something, you feel a sense of dissatisfaction. Your dissatisfaction with your boring French class might inspire you to switch to beginning Mandarin.
An entire country's dissatisfaction with their government can lead to a new administration being voted in, or in the case of extreme dissatisfaction, a revolution. Your dissatisfaction with the pasta dish you ordered might simply make you ask for a hamburger instead. Dissatisfaction adds the dis-, or "lack of," prefix to satisfaction, which originally referred to "an act by a priest to atone for sin," but came to mean "contentment" by the 14th century.
WORD FAMILY
dissatisfaction: dissatisfactions+/dissatisfactory: dissatisfactorily/ dissatisfied: dissatisfiedly/ dissatisfy: dissatisfaction, dissatisfactory, dissatisfied, dissatisfies, dissatisfying/ satisfaction: satisfactions, self-satisfaction/ satisfactory: satisfactorily, satisfactoriness, unsatisfactory/satisfiable: unsatisfiable/ satisfied: satisfiedest, satisfiedly, self-satisfied, unsatisfied/satisfier: satisfiers/ satisfy: dissatisfy, satisfaction, satisfactory, satisfiable, satisfied, satisfier, satisfies, satisfying/satisfying: satisfyingly, unsatisfying/unsatisfactory: unsatisfactorily, unsatisfactoriness/unsatisfiable: unsatisfiably/unsatisfying: unsatisfyingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
An independent investigator hired by the Reno City Council found deep dissatisfaction with Clinger at both the council and staff level.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Executive departures hint of internal dissatisfaction with the new approach.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 26, 2016)
It also reflected the president-elect’s dissatisfaction with his options for someone to appear at the White House podium as press secretary for daily briefings.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 不满，不平; 令人不满的事物
分布：不满(100%)
【记】satisfy（v 满足；使满意；说服）
N-VAR
不满;不悦
If you feel dissatisfaction with something, you are not contented or pleased with it.
例：She has already expressed her dissatisfaction with this aspect of the policy...她对政策的这一方面已经表达了不满。
例：Low pay is the main cause of job dissatisfaction among teachers.低薪是教师对工作不满的主要原因。
n. 不满；令人不满的事物
 - grievance, disaffection

Word: fondness
Front: fondness
[fɒndnəs] (13090/14931)
Vocabulary: fondness
(once / 1047 pages)
n
Fondness is love or affection for someone. Your fondness for your funny Spanish teacher might be part of what inspires you to work hard in his class.
When you have a fondness for a person, you feel warm or tender toward them. Your sister's fondness for young children probably makes her a great babysitter. You can also have a fondness for a thing: your friend's fondness for expensive shoes could cause her constant financial difficulty, and your fondness for cupcakes might influence you to learn how to bake.
WORD FAMILY
fondness: fondnesses+/ fond: fonder, fondest, fondly, fondness, overfond/overfond: overfondly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Decius says that he isn’t concerned about Trump’s seeming fondness for Russia; in his view, thoughtless provocations would be much more dangerous.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Despite her fondness for black backgrounds, it is the bright, life-affirming yellows, oranges, greens and reds that dominate her paintings.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Nabokov was exasperated by Wilson’s fondness for Lenin and Russia, which Nabokov detested.
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 喜爱，钟爱; 溺爱
分布：喜爱(62%)，爱好(19%)，溺爱(19%)
【反】antipathy（n 反感；憎恶）
US ['fɑ:nd-] noun uncountable
■a liking 喜爱
• George's fondness for pink gins was well known. 大家都知道乔治喜欢喝红杜松子酒。
n. 爱好；溺爱
 - interest, like, bent, fond of

Word: iconic
Front: iconic
[aɪˈkɒnɪk] (12330/39161)
Vocabulary: iconic
(once / 5198 pages)
adj
Something that is iconic is characteristic of an icon — an image, emblem, idol, or hero. Audrey Hepburn was widely admired for her iconic style, her great fashion taste.
Iconic often describes something or someone that is considered symbolic of something else, like spirituality, virtue, or evil and corruption. The iconic Statue of Liberty is a symbol of freedom. Michelangelo's iconic statue of David was supposed to represent anatomical perfection. In the Christianity, the Virgin Mary is an iconic image of purity and closeness to God. A gun is considered an iconic symbol of violence.
WORD FAMILY
iconic: iconically+/ icon: iconic, icons
USAGE EXAMPLES
At the time, we really didn’t realize how iconic the video would become.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
They put into practice what they learned and worked on a quarter-mile trail to the iconic tulip poplar tree.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
In the end, he said, the company decided the turntable was too iconic to change drastically.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 符号的; 图标的; 图符的; 偶像的
分布：图标的(60%)，肖像的(29%)，图像的(11%)
US [-'kɑ:.nɪk] adjective formal
■very famous or popular, especially being considered to represent particular opinions or a particular time 非常出名或受欢迎的（尤指能代表某种观点或某一时代）
• John Lennon gained iconic status following his death. 约翰‧蓝侬死后成了偶像级人物。
adj. 图标的，形象的
 - graphic, ikonic

Word: ghastly
Front: ghastly
[ˈgɑ:stli] (雅宝 14128/9722 -1)
Vocabulary: ghastly
(once / 590 pages)
adj
Something that's ghastly isn't just gross. It's shockingly, horrifyingly unpleasant — so gruesome and grisly that it makes you want to puke.
An adjective used to describe that which inspires visions of death and feelings of revulsion, ghastly originated circa 1300. It is very close in meaning to the similarly spelled ghostly. In fact, the word in Old English was originally spelled gastli. But over the years, people confused gastli with ghost, began to adopt the gh- spelling. But don't you forget the "h" - that would be a ghastly spelling error on your part.
WORD FAMILY
ghastly: ghastlier, ghastliest, ghastlily, ghastliness
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the first half, Oakland managed three first downs, ceded 255 yards — a ghastly 7.7 per play — and committed nine penalties.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The cost of inaction or further delaying our response is too ghastly to contemplate.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
But a South Carolina jury was unable to agree on a verdict in one of the nation’s ghastliest police shootings.
Seattle Times(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: adj. 可怕的; （脸色）苍白的; 极坏的
adv. 可怕地; 恐怖地
级别：ghastlier, ghastliest
分布：可怕的(55%)，恐怖的(19%)，令人不快的(8%)，惨白的(7%)，惨白地(5%)，不适的(2%)，可怖地(2%)，糟透的(2%)
→来自ghose, 鬼。
US ['gæst-] adjective informal
■unpleasant and shocking 可怕的；令人震惊的
• Today's newspaper gives all the ghastly details of the murder. 今天的报纸登出了谋杀案的全部细节，令人毛骨悚然。
■informal
■extremely bad 极坏的；极糟糕的
• What ghastly weather ! 天气太糟了！
• It was all a ghastly mistake. 这是极其严重的错误。
• I thought her outfit was ghastly. 我觉得她的套装难看死了。
■literary
■describes someone who looks very ill or very shocked, especially with a very pale face 一脸病容的；（由于惊吓）面如死灰的；（尤指）面无血色的
• You look ghastly - are you okay? 你脸色苍白——你没事吧？
adj. 可怕的；惨白的；惊人的；极坏的
 - terrible, tremendous, horrible, awesome, fearful

Word: irresistible
Front: irresistible
[ˌɪrɪˈzɪstəbl] (托 9066/8738 -2)
Vocabulary: irresistible
(once / 410 pages)
adj
If something is irresistible, you have to have it, like the plate of gooey chocolate chip cookies sitting in front of a group of dieters who one by one help themselves to a handful.
If you can’t resist something, it’s irresistible. Something is irresistible if it is so enticing, attractive, magnetic, tempting, or alluring that you must have it. You have no control — that's what all irresistible things have in common. From potato chips to bargain shopping or the urge to send text messages, when something is irresistible, it's hard to fight.
WORD FAMILY
irresistible: irresistibility, irresistibleness, irresistibler, irresistiblest, irresistibly+/irresistibility: irresistibilities/ resistible: irresistible, resistibly
USAGE EXAMPLES
One such advertisement declared unagi “the irresistible flavor of summer.”
The New Yorker(Jan 02, 2017)
There is something irresistible in the possibility of Schmidt’s redemption, even in its broad implausibility.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
The treats proved irresistible to the exhausted staff.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 无法抗拒的; 诱惑人的，具有非常的魅力的; 不可抗拒; 不可阻挡
分布：无法抗拒的(100%)
→ir-,不，非，resistible,抑制的。
不可抗拒的(ir+resistible可抗拒的)[il-,ir-①放在同辅音词根前表示"不,无"②表示"使…成为,进入"]
不可抗拒的(ir不＋resist反抗＋ible→不可反抗的)[sist=stand表示"站立"]
无法抵抗的(ir不+resist抵抗+ible)[-ible形容词"能…的"]
【记】resist（vt 抵抗；忍得住）
adjective
■impossible to refuse, oppose or avoid because too pleasant, attractive or strong 不可抗拒的，无法抵挡的
• an irresistible offer 无法拒绝的提议
• She gave me one of those irresistible smiles and I just had to agree. 她对我那莞尔一笑真是令人无法抗拒，我只好同意了。
adj. 不可抵抗的；不能压制的；极为诱人的
 - knock-down

Word: quirk
Front: quirk
[kwɜ:k] (研宝 12149/14107 -1)
Vocabulary: quirk
(once / 2323 pages)
1n 2v 3n
A quirk is a unique, odd, and sometimes charming trait that makes a person stand out from the crowd. Country comedian Minnie Pearl was known for her quirk of wearing a $1.98 price tag dangling from her hat.
A quirk can be an adorable little habit, like wearing flowery dresses and big sun bonnets or bow ties every day. Someone who has one or many quirks is said to be quirky — a little odd, but usually in a fun way. When it's not being used to describe people's unusual traits, quirk can mean a quick curve, or a groove, that runs along or separates the molding in a building.
WORD FAMILY
quirk: quirked, quirking, quirks, quirky +/ quirky: quirkily, quirkiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Even relatively benign neurological quirks – say, learning disabilities such as dyslexia – attract cynicism and suspicion.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
In fact, beauty often whips up some unattractive quirks, such as arrogance and over-confidence.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
The company’s secret sauce: exploiting a quirk in how gas stations compete for customers.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 奇事，巧合; 怪癖; 突然的弯曲
分布：怪癖(74%)，急转(26%)
→词源不详，可能来自queer 的强化形式，引申词义怪癖，怪异。-k,表强调，比较hear,hark.
【记】qu去，irk（v 使厌倦）读：饿渴。去寻找饿渴的状态－怪癖
US [kwɝ:k] noun countable
■an unusual part of someone's personality or habit, or something that is strange and unexpected 怪癖；古怪之处
• You have to get used to other people's quirks and foibles. 你要习惯别人的怪癖和小缺点。
• There is a quirk in the rules that allows you to invest money without paying tax. 这些规章的奇怪之处在于其允许人们投资而不必缴税。
• By some strange quirk] By an odd quirk of fate (= unexpectedly) , we ended up on the same train. 说来奇怪，我们结果上了同一列火车。
n. 怪癖；急转；借口
 - excuse, blind

Word: overestimate
Front: overestimate
[ˌəʊvərˈestɪmeɪt] (六托 12942/14129 -1)
Vocabulary: overestimate
(once / 4567 pages)
vn
If you're confident your favorite team will win the championship even though the star player is injured, you may want to reconsider: don't let your team spirit cause you to overestimate, or overvalue, the team's abilities.
When you estimate something, you make a calculation or a judgment of its value. So, when you overestimate, you assign too much value to the thing you are judging. If you overestimate how much time you have left to get to school, you could be late. Likewise, if you overestimate how prepared you are for a test, you might end up with a poor grade. This verb is the opposite of underestimate, or “to assign too little value.”
WORD FAMILY
overestimate: overestimated, overestimates, overestimating, overestimation+/ estimable: estimably, inestimable / estimate: estimable, estimated, estimates, estimating, estimation, estimator, misestimate, overestimate, underestimate / estimation: estimations/estimator: estimators/ inestimable: inestimably/misestimate: misestimated, misestimates, misestimation/overestimation: overestimations/ underestimate: underestimated, underestimates, underestimating, underestimation/underestimation: underestimations
USAGE EXAMPLES
The WSJ medal predictions underestimated the American Olympic team, as well as the British and overestimated the Australians in Rio.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Maybe they overestimated Bradley too, even though his appointment always seemed a shot in the dark.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Like the 2016 election, an effort to exploit Republican unease with Trump overestimated Republican unease and underestimated Democratic division.
Slate(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: vt. 对（数量）估计过高，对…作过高的评价; ，对…估计过高
n. 过高的估计; 过分的评价
vi. 估计过高; 评价过高
时态：overestimated, overestimating, overestimates
分布：过高估计(46%)，估计过高(34%)，评价过高(10%)，出价过高(7%)，过高出价(3%)
→over-,超过，过度，estimate,估计。
US [ˌoʊ.vɚ'es-] verb intransitive or transitive
■to think that something is or will be greater, more extreme or more important than it really is 过高估计；过高评价
• The benefits of nuclear technology, she said, had been grossly overestimated. 她说，核技术的好处被大大高估了。
• They were forced to the conclusion that they had overestimated him/his abilities. 他们不得不得出结论：他们高估了他／他的能力。
• I overestimated and there was a lot of food left over after the party. 我估计过头，结果聚会后剩了许多食物。

Word: uncomfortably
Front: uncomfortably
[ʌnˈkʌmftəbli] (12708/10148)
Back: adv. 不舒适地，不自在地，令人不快地
分布：不舒适地(51%)，困难地(33%)，不愉快地(16%)
ADJ-GRADED
不自在的；不安的；尴尬的
If you are uncomfortable, you are slightly worried or embarrassed, and not relaxed and confident.
例：The request for money made them feel uncomfortable...索要金钱让他们有些不安。
例：If you are uncomfortable with your counsellor or therapist, you must discuss it...如果面对咨询顾问或治疗师时你觉得不自在，一定要提出来。
ADJ-GRADED
不舒服的；不舒适的
Something that is uncomfortable makes you feel slight pain or physical discomfort when you experience it or use it.
例：Wigs are hot and uncomfortable to wear constantly...头上老是顶着假发，又热又不舒服。
例：The Metro journey back to the centre of the town was hot and uncomfortable.乘地铁返回市中心又热又不舒服。
ADJ-GRADED
身体不适的；不舒服的
If you are uncomfortable, you are not physically content and relaxed, and feel slight pain or discomfort.
例：I sometimes feel uncomfortable after eating in the evening...我晚上吃完饭有时会觉得不舒服。
例：People living or working with smokers can find it uncomfortable to wear contact lenses because the smoke causes irritation.与吸烟者一起生活或工作的人会发现戴隐形眼镜不舒服，因为烟具有刺激作用。
ADJ-GRADED
（处境、事实等）令人不快的，令人担忧的，令人不安的
You can describe a situation or fact as uncomfortable when it is difficult to deal with and causes problems and worries.
例：It is uncomfortable to think of our own death, but we need to...想到人终有一死会感到不舒服，但我们不得不去面对。
例：Such questions are uncomfortable to answer...这些问题让人很难回答。
adv. 不舒适地；不自在地；令人不快地
 - uneasily, undesirably

Word: egalitarian
Front: egalitarian
[iˌgælɪˈteəriən] (宝 12715/12717)
Vocabulary: egalitarian
(once / 18212 pages)
adjn
An egalitarian is a person who believes in the equality of all people, and an egalitarian society gives everyone equal rights.
This is a word that means something close to equality and has to do with fairness. If you believe that everyone deserves a chance to vote, go to school, get good jobs, and participate in society, then you are an egalitarian. When laws make life fairer, the law is getting more egalitarian. The opposite of an egalitarian system could be a fascist society or dictatorship. Monarchies are not egalitarian. When you see this word, think about equality and freedom.
WORD FAMILY
egalitarian: egalitarianism, egalitarians+/egality: egalitarian
USAGE EXAMPLES
Alaoui shunned the traditions of ethnographic “exoticism,” instead favoring a more egalitarian, respectful approach.
Time(Dec 30, 2016)
Or we would need to adopt labor laws and norms of business behavior that would force markets to distribute incomes on a more egalitarian basis.
Washington Post(Dec 12, 2016)
Because these are mass-market commodities, such material prosperity is a leveling, egalitarian force.
Washington Post(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: adj. 主张平等的; 平等主义的
n. 平等主义; 平等主义者
分布：平等主义的(66%)，平等主义者(34%)
→egal-, 平等，词源同equal. 字母g,q音变。
【记】equal（adj 相等的）
【参】equalitarian（adj 平均主义的；n 平均主义者）可以认为与egalitarian是同义词
US [-'ter.i-] formal
adjective
■believing that all people are equally important and should have the same rights and opportunities in life 平等主义的；主张人人平等的
• an egalitarian society 奉行平等主义的社会
• The party's principles are basically egalitarian. 这个党的基本原则是人人平等。
UK [ɪˌgæl.ɪ'teə.ri.ən] US [-'ter.i-] formal
noun countable
■a person who has egalitarian beliefs 平等主义者
• Ford is no egalitarian. 福特可绝不是甚么平等主义者。
n. [经] 平等主义；平等主义者
 - equalitarianism, leveler

Word: sneer
Front: sneer
[snɪə(r)] (六托宝 12717/12448 -1)
Vocabulary: sneer
(once / 401 pages)
nv
If your smile is contorted with contempt or your upper lip curled with distaste and disdain, you're probably sneering. And you should stop, because it isn't nice.
Many things can elicit a sneer: a terrible red carpet outfit, a disgusting plate of food, a stupid joke told for the third time. But sneers aren't just meant to show disgust. They're mean-spirited, mocking and often downright snooty. So now that you know the definition of sneer inside and out, resist the temptation to sneer at those who don't!
WORD FAMILY
sneer: sneered, sneerer, sneering, sneers+/sneerer: sneerers/sneering: sneeringer, sneeringly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Cruz and Garbrandt continued their agreeably disagreeable display of hostility, sneering and lunging and flailing at each other until they were, inevitably, separated.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
It’s a word that may be said with a sneer concerning a wine’s potential.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
The correct response to them is sneering, ‘They’re rebooting that?’
Slate(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vi. 讥笑，冷笑
n. 嘲笑，冷笑; 讥笑的表情（言语）
时态：sneered, sneering, sneers
分布：嘲笑(63%)，冷笑(37%)
→来自辅音丛 sn-,鼻子，闻，嗅，发鼻音，比较 sneer,snore,snicker,sniff,snuff.引申词义嘲笑， 讥讽。
【记】sneak做事的人值得sneer。
US [snɪr] verb intransitive or transitive
■to talk about or look at someone or something in an unkind way that shows you do not respect or approve of them 嘲笑，讥讽
• You may sneer, but a lot of people like this kind of music. 你可以嗤之以鼻，但很多人喜欢这种音乐。
• She'll probably sneer at my new shoes because they're not expensive. 她也许会取笑我的新鞋子，因为买得很便宜。
• [+ speech] "Is that the best you can do?" he sneered. “那就是你最大的能耐了吗？”他嘲笑着说。
UK [snɪər] US [snɪr] noun countable disapproving
■an unkind expression on your face which shows you do not respect or approve of someone or something 嘲笑，讥讽
• "How much did you say you earned last year - was it fifteen thousand?" she said with a sneer. “你说去年你赚了多少钱——是一万五吗？”她语带讥讽地说道。
mock, sneer, ridicule, scoff
这组词都有“嘲笑”的意思，其区别是：
mock: 指一种挖苦的，带挑衅性的嘲笑。
sneer: 指除了用讽刺言语讥笑外还带轻蔑的表情。
ridicule: 多指有意地用言语对戏弄某人，以使之显得渺小，不重要。此种嘲笑善意恶意均可。
scoff: 指对一般受到尊重的事物的嘲笑。
giggle, laugh, chuckle, roar, sneer, beam, jeer, grin
这组词都有“笑”的意思，其区别是：
giggle: v.咯咯地笑，痴笑，傻笑，多指女人和孩子由于紧张、被逗乐、尴尬时所发出的笑声。
 • The schoolgirls giggled when the famous football player walkedsintostheir classroom.   当这个著名的足球运动员走进教室时，女生们都咯咯地笑起来。
laugh: v.笑，大笑，用于一般的笑或出声的大笑。
chuckle: v. (书面语)吃吃的笑，抿嘴笑，轻声笑，多指因得意或领会到某事中的趣味而暗自发笑。
 • She does not laugh out loud; she only chuckles.   她没有笑出声来，只是抿嘴而笑。
roar: v.怒吼，咆哮，引申为放声大笑，哄堂大笑。
 • He roared when he heard the joke.   听完这个笑话，他哈哈大笑。
sneer: v.冷笑，嘲笑，指以语言、表情、和声调表示轻蔑或嘲弄。
 • He sneered at the offer and said it was two low.   他对报价嗤之以鼻，说它太低了。
beam: v.本义指照耀，放光，引申为"微笑"，是正式用语，指面带喜悦或笑容，暗示对他人的友好或内心的满足。
 • She beamed with happiness.   她高兴得眉开眼笑。
jeer: v.讥笑，嘲笑，其同义词是mock。
 • The crowd jeered when the boxer was knocked down.   当那个拳手被人打倒时，人群开始嘲笑他。
grin: v.露齿而笑，指人因高兴、满足、轻蔑等咧开嘴露齿地笑。
 • He grinned at his mother.   他冲他的妈妈咧嘴一笑。
laugh, smile, siggle, grin, beam, sneer
这些动词均含“笑”之意。
laugh: 最常用词，指因喜悦、愉快或轻视而出声的笑或大笑。
smile: 指面露微笑，侧重于无声。
siggle: 指发出咯咯的笑声，较多地用于女人或孩子。
grin: 指露齿而笑。
beam: 书面用词，指人因心情舒畅而发出的笑，即喜形于色地笑。
sneer: 指冷笑、嘲笑。
vi. 嘲笑，冷笑
 - laugh at, make a mockery of
vt. 嘲笑，冷笑
 - laugh at, deride
n. 嘲笑，冷笑
 - derision, sarcasm

Word: equitable
Front: equitable
[ˈekwɪtəbl] (托雅 9927/8215 -1)
Vocabulary: equitable
(once / 1957 pages)
adj
Equitable distribution means everyone gets their fair share of something.If you work on a group project in class, you want an equitable share of the credit.
When you look at equitable, you might think you see the word, equal, but it doesn't mean fair in the sense of exactly the same. If you worked ten hours at a lemonade stand and your friend worked five, you'd want an equitable share of the profits rather than an equal share. Equitable would take into account the amount of work you did, equal would not.
WORD FAMILY
equitable: equitably, inequitable+/inequitable: inequitably
USAGE EXAMPLES
The lawsuit over school funding looks at two main questions- whether the funding is equitable and whether it is adequate.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Until the barrier of transportation is cleared for all students, the school voucher system is not equitable, as it discriminates against those without transportation.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
In our state, a free, ample and equitable education is a birthright, a civil right and our state’s paramount duty.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 公正的，公平的; 平衡法的; 义; 合理
分布：公平的(67%)，公正的(33%)
公正的,正当的(equity公正+able能...的)[equ,equi=equal,even,表示"相等,平均"]
US [-tˌə-] formal
adjective
■fair and reasonable; treating everyone in the same way 公平合理的；公正的
• an equitable tax system 合理的税收制度
adj. 公平的，公正的；平衡法的
 - judicial, fair, just, impartial

Word: grill
Front: grill
[grɪl] (高雅宝 5395/9117 -2)
Vocabulary: grill
(once / 1758 pages)
1vn 2v
Not all grilling involves fire and delicious food. Sometimes, to grill means to ask a person really intense questions, like when you suspect them of doing something wrong and you want to make them confess the truth.
Ever seen a film where a police officer puts a bright light in a criminal’s face and screams, “Did you do it?” That’s how you grill someone. You have to be tough on him, and not let him off the hook too easily. Being grilled means you are in the “hot seat,” and it’ll feel like you’re cooking from such a close examination. Better to grill than be grilled, but if you get caught — think of an alibi, quick!
WORD FAMILY
grill: grilled, grilling, grills+/grilling: grillings
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was a new grill, a Christmas gift from his parents.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“Sportsman” and the model type are printed on the side of the steering column and “Polaris” is printed near the front grill.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Weatherford Deputy Chief Chris Crawford says the officer and suspect scuffled in the parking lot of the Tequila Bar Y Grill prior to the shooting.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 烧烤
vt. 拷问，盘问
n. 烤架; 烤肉; 格板; 烧烤餐馆
时态：grilled, grilling, grills
分布：烤架(82%)，铁格子(10%)，拷问(8%)
→来自sker, 弯，转，编织，词源同cradle, grate, grid. 因形似编织经纬网而得名。
【记】gr＝grow，ill：grill可以使你grow ill
noun countable (US also broiler)
■the surface in a cooker which can be heated to very high temperatures and under which you put food to be cooked （炉具的）烤架，焙盘
■a frame of metal bars over a fire on which food can be put to be cooked （置于火上的）烤架
■mainly US
■an informal restaurant 烧烤店；烧烤餐馆
[grɪl] verb transitive
COOK 烹调 (US also broil)
■to cook something by direct heat, especially under a very hot surface in a cooker 烧烤，烤制
• I grilled the sausages. 我烤了香肠。
[grɪl] verb transitive
QUESTION 审问
■to ask someone a lot of questions for a long time 盘问；审问；拷问
• After being grilled by the police for two days, Johnson signed a confession. 被警方审问了两天后，约翰逊在供状上签字认罪。
• Her parents would grill her about where she'd been. 从前她父母会盘问她到哪里去了。
vt. 烧，烤；烤问
 - carbonado, to roast
vi. 烧，烤；严加盘问
 - to roast
n. 烤架，铁格子；烤肉
 - gridiron, bulgogi

Word: offline
Front: offline
[ˌɒfˈlaɪn] (-/9449)
Back: adj. 未连线的; 未联机的; 脱机的; 离线的
adv. 未连线地; 未联机地; 脱机地; 离线地
分布：脱机的(47%)，脱机地(29%)，挂线的(12%)，挂线地(12%)
→off,离开，line,在线，上网。
US [ˌɑ:f-] adjective adverb
■(of a computer) not connected to or directly controlled by a central system, or not connected to the Internet （计算机）不连网的（地），未连接网际网路的（地），离线的（地）

Word: overture
Front: overture
[ˈəʊvətʃʊə(r)] (雅宝 13359/13967 -1)
Vocabulary: overture
(once / 1150 pages)
1n 2n
An overture is a piece of music played by an orchestra at the beginning of an opera or play. When an overture begins, the actors take their places and wait for the curtain to rise.
The noun overture can also mean "a suggestion or approach designed to get a reaction." Your romantic overture of singing to your girlfriend in the restaurant was met with an embarrassed stare. An overture can also be an event that comes first, like your story about how the after-school program has helped hundreds of kids, an overture to the plea for donations you made next.
WORD FAMILY
overture: overtures
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the end, the man refused the bureau’s overtures.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Still, Mr. Trump will most likely be receptive to Mr. Putin’s overtures.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Federal prosecutors say the two used romantic overtures on their victim and then falsely promised to repay.
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 器乐前奏曲; 序曲，序乐; 序诗; 主动表示，提议
vt. 提议
分布：序曲(45%)，提议(25%)，提案(20%)，建议(8%)，主动表示(2%)
→来自overt,打开的，-ure,名词后缀。用于音乐术语指序奏，前奏。
【记】overt（adj 公开的；开始的），ure一开始的歌曲－序曲
【区】overturn（n /v 倾覆）
【反】coda（n 乐章结尾部）
US ['oʊ.vɚ.tʃɚ] noun
MUSIC 音乐
countable
■a piece of music which is an introduction to a longer piece, especially an opera （尤指歌剧的）序曲，前奏曲
• the overture to "The Magic Flute" 《魔笛》序曲
UK ['əʊ.və.tjʊər] US ['oʊ.vɚ.tʃɚ] noun
COMMUNICATION 表达
countable usually plural
■a communication made to someone in order to offer something 主动表示，提议
• overtures of friendship. 友好的表示
• Neither side in the conflict seems willing to make peace overtures. 冲突双方似乎都不愿意主动向对方示好。
• informal So he's been making overtures (= showing a sexual interest) , has he? 那么说他一直在示爱，是吗？
n. 前奏曲；提案；序幕
 - preludio, prolusion
vt. 提议；为……奏前奏曲
 - vote, make the offer

Word: hull
Front: hull
[hʌl] (六宝 6683/5427 -2)
Vocabulary: hull
(once / 1047 pages)
nv
A sailor who is far out at sea has to hope that the hull of her boat is watertight. The hull of a boat or a ship is its outer body.
A boat's hull can be made of wood, metal, or fiberglass — it gives a boat or ship its shape and keeps water out. Another kind of hull is the outer covering of a seed. Corn, for example, has a hull that is removed when you husk it and reveal the kernels. This kind of hull is thought to be the root of the nautical hull, probably based on the similarity between a ship's hull and an open pea pod.
WORD FAMILY
hull: hulled, hulling, hulls
USAGE EXAMPLES
One person - spotted clinging to the upturned hull of the boat - was rescued at 07:30 GMT the next day.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
One person - spotted clinging to the upturned hull of the boat - was rescued almost nine hours later, at 07:30 GMT.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
The teens were perched on the overturned hull, their life jackets trapped under the 22-foot vessel, when Marine Deputy James Hagar arrived in a boat.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 果皮，外皮; [航海]船壳，船体; 外壳
vt. 去（谷物、豆等的）壳
时态：hulled, hulling, hulls
分布：船体(71%)，外壳(13%)，船身(9%)，皮(5%)，去壳(2%)
→来自古英语hulu,豆荚，壳，来自Proto-Germanic*hulus,覆盖，隐藏，来自kel,遮盖，隐藏，词源同hall,cell.船体义可能来自同一词源，因形如豆荚而得名。
noun countable
■the body or frame of a ship, most of which goes under the water 船体；船身
[hʌl] verb transitive (US also shuck)
■to remove the covering or the stem and leaves from some fruits, vegetables and seeds 除去（水果、蔬菜等的）皮（或茎、叶）
• We sat in the garden hulling strawberries. 我们坐在园子里摘除草莓蒂。
n. [船] 船体；（果实的） [植] 外壳
 - crust, outer housing
vt. [粮食] 去壳
 - unshell, decorticate

Word: mania
Front: mania
[ˈmeɪniə] (研托雅宝 12415/14608 -1)
Vocabulary: mania
(once / 964 pages)
n
Mania is an extreme interest, desire, or craze. If you dye your dog's fur to match the colors of your favorite football team, you might be suffering from sportsmania.
Mania has for centuries been associated with “madness” or “mental derangement.” It's still used in the mental health fields to mean the excitable, overactive phase of bipolar disorder or, as a suffix, to describe a compulsion, such as kleptomania (to steal) or pyromania (to set fires). More generally, it might be used as a suffix to describe enthusiasm, as in Beatlemania (The Beatles) or Pottermania (Harry Potter).
WORD FAMILY
mania: maniac, manias+/ maniac: maniacal, maniacs/ maniacal: maniacally/ manic: mania, manically, maniclike
USAGE EXAMPLES
As it happens, mania was Lowell’s most enduring diagnosis in his many years as a psychiatric patient.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
I met Mr. Diaz at the supreme manifestation of the state’s truck mania: the Texas Truck Rodeo.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
She was all there, all the time: exuberant in describing her mania, savage and tender when recalling her despair.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. <医>狂躁; 狂热; 热衷; 狂爱
分布：狂热(79%)，癖好(17%)，... 狂(2%)，对 ... 有过分的热情(2%)
→来自拉丁语mania,发狂，发疯，来自men,思想，思考，词源同mind,mention.-ia,疾病后缀。即脑子出问题的，着迷的，或发狂，发疯。
【记】man男人，ia病－男人都是球迷－狂热
【参】kleptomania（n 盗窃狂）；bibliomania（n 爱书癖）
noun countable or uncountable
STRONG INTEREST 强烈的兴趣 disapproving
■a very strong interest in something which fills a person's mind or uses up all their time 狂热；热衷
• So why your sudden mania for exercise? 你为甚么突然热衷于锻炼了？
• The article describes the religious mania which is sweeping the US. 文章描述了席卷美国的宗教狂热。
['meɪ.ni.ə] noun countable or uncountable
MENTAL ILLNESS 心理疾病
■a state in which someone directs all their attention to one particular thing 痴迷；…狂；…癖
• Van Gogh suffered from acute persecution mania. 梵谷患有严重的被害妄想症。
• She's always cleaning - it's like a mania with her. 她总是不停在清扫——好像有洁癖。
specialized
■a state of extreme physical and mental activity, often involving a loss of judgment and periods of euphoria 躁狂症
n. 狂热；狂躁；热衷
 - abandon, fanaticism

Word: grin
Front: grin
[grɪn] (研六雅宝 4154/3169 -2)
Back: vi. 露齿而笑
vt. 露齿笑着表示
n. 咧嘴笑，露齿而笑
时态：grinned, grinning, grins
分布：露齿而笑(46%)，咧嘴笑(36%)，露齿笑(18%)
→来自ghrei, 开口，可能来自拟声词，模仿笑的声音。比较grim.
n./vi.露齿而笑,咧嘴一笑He grinned his approval.他用一笑表示同意.
【记】源于grim鬼的露齿而笑－狰狞可怕的
【反】pout（v 撅嘴；绷脸生气）
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a wide smile 露齿笑；咧嘴笑；龇牙笑
• I assumed things had gone well for him as he had a big grin on his face. 我想他一切应该进展得很顺利，因为他在咧着大嘴笑。
• a broad/sheepish grin 合不拢嘴的笑／腼腆地咧嘴笑
[grɪn] verb intransitive (-nn-)
 ADVANCED
■to smile a wide smile 露齿笑；咧嘴笑；龇牙笑
• He grinned at me from the doorway. 他在门口向我咧着嘴笑。
• What are you grinning about? 你龇牙咧嘴笑甚么？
[grɪn] verb intransitive (-nn-)
grin and bear it
■to accept something bad without complaining 苦笑着忍受；默默忍受
• I really don't want to go but I guess I'll just have to grin and bear it. 我真的不想去，但也没有甚么办法，去就去吧。
giggle, laugh, chuckle, roar, sneer, beam, jeer, grin
这组词都有“笑”的意思，其区别是：
giggle: v.咯咯地笑，痴笑，傻笑，多指女人和孩子由于紧张、被逗乐、尴尬时所发出的笑声。
 • The schoolgirls giggled when the famous football player walkedsintostheir classroom.   当这个著名的足球运动员走进教室时，女生们都咯咯地笑起来。
laugh: v.笑，大笑，用于一般的笑或出声的大笑。
chuckle: v. (书面语)吃吃的笑，抿嘴笑，轻声笑，多指因得意或领会到某事中的趣味而暗自发笑。
 • She does not laugh out loud; she only chuckles.   她没有笑出声来，只是抿嘴而笑。
roar: v.怒吼，咆哮，引申为放声大笑，哄堂大笑。
 • He roared when he heard the joke.   听完这个笑话，他哈哈大笑。
sneer: v.冷笑，嘲笑，指以语言、表情、和声调表示轻蔑或嘲弄。
 • He sneered at the offer and said it was two low.   他对报价嗤之以鼻，说它太低了。
beam: v.本义指照耀，放光，引申为"微笑"，是正式用语，指面带喜悦或笑容，暗示对他人的友好或内心的满足。
 • She beamed with happiness.   她高兴得眉开眼笑。
jeer: v.讥笑，嘲笑，其同义词是mock。
 • The crowd jeered when the boxer was knocked down.   当那个拳手被人打倒时，人群开始嘲笑他。
grin: v.露齿而笑，指人因高兴、满足、轻蔑等咧开嘴露齿地笑。
 • He grinned at his mother.   他冲他的妈妈咧嘴一笑。
laugh, smile, siggle, grin, beam, sneer
这些动词均含“笑”之意。
laugh: 最常用词，指因喜悦、愉快或轻视而出声的笑或大笑。
smile: 指面露微笑，侧重于无声。
siggle: 指发出咯咯的笑声，较多地用于女人或孩子。
grin: 指露齿而笑。
beam: 书面用词，指人因心情舒畅而发出的笑，即喜形于色地笑。
sneer: 指冷笑、嘲笑。

Word: pine
Front: pine
[paɪn] (高研四六托雅宝 3158/5081 -2)
Vocabulary: pine
(once / 180 pages)
1n 2v
If you pine for someone, you desperately want to see them, be with them, or perhaps smother them with kisses. If you're texting your ex-boyfriend over 50 times a day, there's a pretty good chance that you still pine for him.
In Old English, pine meant "to torture or cause to experience pain," which seems quite fitting if you've known what it's like to pine for something or someone. The verb pine should not be confused with the noun pine, as in the evergreen tree. If you are from the Northeast and find yourself living in the Caribbean, you may pine for the sight of a pine tree, but the lovely weather should ease the pain.
WORD FAMILY
pine: pined, pines, pining+/pining: pinings
USAGE EXAMPLES
As the songwriters strummed guitars and punched lyrics into their phones, Pine’s children splashed in a swimming pool and a chef prepared brick-oven pizzas.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
For instance, there are 9 acres on the college property that contain loblolly pine trees that are beginning to fail from old age.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Seattle police described the victim’s wound as non-life-threatening after the New Year’s Eve incident at Third and Pine.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 松树; 松木; 凤梨，菠萝
vi. 憔悴; 痛苦; 渴望
vt. 为…悲哀; 哀悼; 消瘦; 渴望，渴慕
adj. 似松的; 松木的
时态：pined, pining, pines
分布：松树(70%)，松木(20%)，渴望(6%)，消瘦(4%)
→来自拉丁语pinus,松树，松果，松脂，来自peie,肥的，脂肪，汁液，词源同fat,pitch.pine 难过，悲伤
n.松树The sugared vinegar is refined from the sugarcane and pine.加糖的醋是从甘蔗和松木中精炼出来的.
【记】pin大头针，e饿：饿得像大头针－消瘦；叶子像大头针－松树
【反】become invigorated（变得有活力）
noun
 ADVANCED countable or uncountable (also pine tree)
■an evergreen (= never losing its leaves) tree that grows in cooler areas of the world 松树
• a plantation of pines 人工松林
• a pine forest 松林
uncountable
■the wood of pine trees, which is usually pale in colour 松木
• pine furniture 松木家俱
• Pine is a softwood. 松木是一种软木。
[paɪn] verb intransitive
■to become increasingly thin and weak because of unhappiness, especially after the death of a loved person （尤指因深爱的人死去而）形容枯槁，憔悴
• Carter died in 1904 after an accident and Leno pined away and died in London six months later. 1904年卡特死于非命，莱诺日渐憔悴，六个月后死于伦敦。
[paɪn] verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  pine for sth/sb
■to want something or someone very much, usually when it is impossible to have them, or when they have gone away 渴望得到…；苦苦思念（某人）
• He's still pining for his ex-girlfriend. 他还在苦苦思念着他的前女友。
vi. 渴望，痛苦；憔悴
 - rare, aspire
n. [林] 松树；凤梨，菠萝
 - ananas
vt. 为…悲哀；哀悼
 - regret, grieve over

Word: sanford

Word: rim
Front: rim
[rɪm] (研六托雅 4602/6963 -1)
Vocabulary: rim
(once / 640 pages)
nv
A rim is an edge. The rim of a mug is where you put your mouth to drink hot chocolate, and the rim holding a basketball net is where you're aiming when you shoot the ball.
People often use the word rim for the lip of a cup or bowl. You can also use the word rim for the circle at the top of a basketball hoop. There's also the rim of a wheel — the part the tire is attached to — and the rim of your eyeglasses. Rim comes from the Old English rima, "edge," which appears in the Old English word særima, "seashore," or "rim of the sea."
WORD FAMILY
rim: rimless, rimmed, rimming, rims
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Wildcats also attacked the rim, repeatedly drew fouls and cashed in with a 21-for-23 performance at the free throw line.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Violet, green, or pink light darts around the top rim, then settles near the speaker.
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
He veered to the baseline while Porter ran to the rim, and what happened next sent fans to their feet.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. （圆形器皿的）边，缘，框; 轮缘
vt. 环绕（圆形或环形物的）边缘; 镶边
vt. & vi. 形成…的边沿，给…镶边
时态：rimmed, rimming, rims
分布：边(88%)，框(6%)，镶边(4%)，形成边缘(2%)
→来自古英语 rima,边沿，边界，河岩，海岸，来自 Proto-Germanic*remo,边沿，边界，可能来 自 rei,撕，刮，词源同 rive,rift.后词义通用化。
n.(圆物的)边,边缘;(眼镜)框With a dim triumph, she trims the swimming-suit rim at the swimming-pool brim.她带着暗淡的喜悦在泳池边整理泳装的边缘.
noun countable
■the outer, often curved or circular, edge of something （圆形物的）外缘，边缘
• The rim of the cup was chipped and broken. 杯口上碰出了裂纹，碎了。
• My reading glasses have wire rims. 我阅读用的眼镜是金属丝边的。
[rɪm] verb transitive (-mm-)
■to be round or along the edge of something 环绕（某物的边缘）；形成…的边沿；给…镶边
• The glass was rimmed with sugar. 杯口上沾了一圈糖。
verge, edge, brim, margin, border, fringe, rim
这组词都有“边，边缘”的意思，其区别是：
verge: 指明显地标志一个表在或一广阔空间的边界，或终端线，也指极狭窄的空间。常用作比喻。
edge: 普通用词，指较窄的边沿。
brim: 指深容器的内边或河、湖等水域的最高线。
margin: 指物体的空白边，一般较宽。
border: 侧重刚好在界线内的一部分表面上，指较宽的边缘，也可指边缘本身。
fringe: 指地毯的须边、围巾的花边、烫发的卷边或人群的边缘。
rim: 指圆形或有曲线的物体的边缘。
frontier, verge, border, boundary, rim
这组词都有“边界”的意思，其区别是：
frontier: n.边界，边境，边疆，指靠近边界(boundary)的区域；也可引申为"未开发的领域"，"(学术的)前沿"等。
 • The American West was still a frontier a century ago.   一个世纪以前美国西部还是一片边疆。
 • She is a biochemist who works on the frontiers of biology.   她是从事生物学前沿研究的生化学家。
verge: n. (道路、花坛等长着草的)边缘，引申为"某事即将发生之际"。
 • on the verge of war   战争爆发之际
border: n.较宽的边缘，边界，多指两国或两地之间的分界处附近的边缘地区、边界地带；也可以指物体的边缘等。
 • We crossed the Mexican bordersintosthe USA.   我们穿过墨西哥边界进入美国境内。
boundary: n.边界；界线。多指作为界线的标识物等。
 • The fence marks the boundary between my land and hers.   这道栅栏是我的地和她的地的分界线。
rim: n.边，边缘，尤指圆形或近似圆形的物体的边缘。
n. 边，边缘；轮辋；圆圈
 - margin, suburb

Word: starter
Front: starter
[ˈstɑ:tə(r)] (雅 3952/6961 -2)
Back: n. （发动机的）启动装置; 参赛人; （主菜之前的）开胃小吃; （赛跑等的）发令员
分布：起动机(55%)，开胃菜(19%)，开端(10%)，发起者(8%)，发射架(4%)，调度员(4%)
US ['stɑ:r.tˌɚ] noun countable
■a person, animal or organization that is involved at the beginning of an activity, especially a race （尤指赛跑的）起始参加者
• Of the ten starters (= horses which started in the race) , two fell at the first fence. 参赛的十匹赛马中，有两匹在第一个障碍处摔倒。
countable mainly UK
■a small dish served as the first part of a meal （一餐的）开胃菜，前菜，第一道菜
• We had soup/pâté/pasta as a starter. 我们的开胃菜是汤／肉酱／义大利面。
UK ['stɑ:.tər] US ['stɑ:r.tˌɚ] noun countable
for starters informal
■used to say that something is the first in a list of things 首先，第一
• Try this exercise for starters. 首先，试一下这个练习。
• "Why did you decide not to go to the concert?" "Well, for starters, the tickets were ridiculously expensive." “你为甚么决定不去听音乐会了?”“嗯，首先，票贵得太离谱了。”
UK ['stɑ:.tər] US ['stɑ:r.tˌɚ] noun countable
under starter's orders
■ready for the signal to start a race 等待比赛开始的信号
n. 起动机；发令员；第一道菜；发射装置；发起者
 - first course, starting motor

Word: tease
Front: tease
[ti:z] (高研六托雅宝 5458/6082 -2)
Vocabulary: tease
(once / 635 pages)
1vn 2v 3v
To tease is to pick on someone or to give false hope. You can tease your little sister by saying "nanny nanny boo boo" or by holding a cookie just out of her reach.
Tease, a modern spelling of the Old English taesan “pluck, pull apart" is now associated with the act of harassing. You can still use tease as a verb, though, to describe the act of backcombing your hair to give it volume. But more commonly, tease refers to messing with someone. There’s an old proverb, “Patience when teased is often transformed into rage,” which means if you tease someone a lot, you might get your booty kicked!
WORD FAMILY
tease: teased, teaser, teases, teasing+/ teaser: teasers/teasing: teasingly, teasings
USAGE EXAMPLES
He becomes aggressive toward his brothers easily and manipulates the little ones into teasing or excluding each other from playing.
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
While compensation is wildly disparate in both situations, McCullough insisted that there was no teasing, bullying or pecking order when he played for either squad.
New York Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Asked if she was harboring any underwear secrets, singer and actress Soko teased: “Like not wearing any?”
Los Angeles Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 取笑，戏弄; 挑逗; 强要
vi. 梳理（羊毛等）; 起绒
n. 爱嘲弄他人的人; 取笑卖弄风骚的人
时态：teased, teasing, teases
分布：戏弄(77%)，欺负(10%)，嘲弄(10%)，揶揄者(3%)
→来自古英语 taesan,拔出，梳理，特指粗鲁的梳理羊毛，来自 Proto-Germanic*taisijan,分开， 拉，扯，来自 dai,分开，可能来自 da,分开，词源同 deal,time.后引申词义逗弄，取 笑等。
v.戏弄,取笑;挑逗n.(爱)戏弄他人者;戏弄Please release that pleasant peasant teaser who brings us plenty of pleasure.请释放那个带给我们巨大快乐的友好的农民逗趣者.
【记】tea茶，se色：给你看看有颜色的茶，但不让你喝－挑逗tease是ease轻松的
verb intransitive or transitive
 ADVANCED
■to laugh at someone or say unkind things about them, either because you are joking or because you want to upset them 戏弄，逗弄；取笑，招惹
• I used to hate being teased about my red hair when I was at school. 我上学期间一直讨厌别人取笑我的红头发。
• I was only teasing, I didn't mean to upset you. 我只是在开玩笑，不是有意要惹你难过的。
[ti:z] verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] tease sth out
GET INFORMATION
■to try to get information or understand a meaning that is hidden or not clear 套取（资讯、隐含的意思等）；套出（真相）
• It took me a while to tease the truth out of him. 我好不容易才从他嘴里套出真相。
SEPARATE
■to use your fingers to gradually separate and straighten hairs or threads that are stuck or twisted together （用手指）梳理
• While it was still wet, I gently teased out the tangled knots in Rosie's hair. 趁罗茜的头发还是湿的，我轻轻地用手指梳理开她打了结的头发。
[ti:z] noun countable
■someone who is always teasing people 爱戏弄他人者
• Johnny, don't be such a tease - leave your sister alone! 强尼，别这样戏弄人——不要惹你妹妹！
slang disapproving
■someone who enjoys causing sexual excitement and interest in people she or he does not intend to have sex with 卖弄风骚的人
vt. 取笑；戏弄；梳理；欺负；强求；使起毛
 - guy, exact, kid
n. 戏弄；爱纠缠的小孩；挑逗者；卖弄风骚的女孩
 - razz
vi. 取笑
 - poke fun at, to make fun of

Word: strident
Front: strident
[ˈstraɪdnt] (宝 14944/13785 -1)
Vocabulary: strident
(once / 3772 pages)
adj
Something that's strident is loud, grating, and obnoxious. Your roommate's strident laughter as he watches cartoons late into the night might inspire you to buy a pair of ear plugs.
Strident is related to the Latin word strix , meaning "screech owl." This is a kind of owl that doesn't hoot. It screeches in a strident way. Strident can also describe the forceful expression of an unpopular opinion. Don't confuse strident with striding, which means walking quickly with a wide step. If you're angry at your brother, you might come striding into his room and begin making a strident case for why he has done you wrong.
WORD FAMILY
strident: stridence, stridency, stridently+/stridency: stridencies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Environmental Protection Agency’s transition team and nominated fellow denialist and strident EPA foe Oklahoma Attorney General Scott Pruitt to lead the agency.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
She is by turns defiant, angry, charming, nonsensical, strident – sometimes it’s hard to break her flow to ask questions.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
Such sentiments were echoed by the more strident theologians of Bach’s time.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 刺耳的; 尖锐的; 轧轧叫的; 吱吱叫的
分布：刺耳的(49%)，尖锐的(34%)，吱吱尖叫的(17%)
→来自拉丁语 stridere,摩擦声，发出刺耳声，来自 strei,刺耳声，可能来自拟声构词。
adjective
LOUD 大声的
■describes a sound which is loud, unpleasant and rough 刺耳的，尖厉的
• People are put off by his strident voice. 人们很厌恶他那刺耳的嗓音。
['straɪ.dənt] adjective
FORCEFUL 强有力的
■expressing or expressed in forceful language which does not try to avoid upsetting other people 措词强硬的，咄咄逼人的
• a strident newspaper article 报纸上措词强硬的文章
• They are becoming increasingly strident in their criticism of government economic policy. 他们对政府经济政策的抨击越来越猛烈。
adj. 刺耳的；尖锐的；吱吱尖叫的；轧轧作响的
 - grinding, sharp, harsh

Word: unruly
Front: unruly
[ʌnˈru:li] (托 11878/13824 -1)
Vocabulary: unruly
(once / 2169 pages)
adj
Unruly means lacking in restraint or not submitting to authority. Spitballs, shouting kids, a shouting teacher––these are all signs of an unruly classroom. Often, one unruly student is all it takes.
It's easy to see how un- "not" and ruly "rule" create a word that is all about not following rules. An unruly person refuses to obey authority, while an unruly piece of hair might refuse to stay inside a clip.
WORD FAMILY
unruly: unrulier, unruliest, unruliness+/ruly: unruly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Loud, inappropriate and unruly behavior is not tolerated in our luxury resorts.”
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
“Great Ambition unchecked by principle . . . is an unruly Tyrant.”
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
“He’s behaving like somewhat of an unruly, petulant child,” she said.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 不守规矩的; 任性的; 难驾驭的; 难控制的
分布：任性的(49%)，无法无天的(28%)，难控制的(23%)
【记】un不，ruly＝rule（v 统治）－没法统治的
【反】subdued（adj 屈服的）；disciplined（adj 遵守纪律的）
adjective
■Unruly people are difficult to control and often don't obey rules （人）难以控制的，难驾驭的，难管束的
• an unruly class of adolescents 难以管理的少年班别
■Unruly hair is difficult to keep tidy, often sticking up or out （头发）难梳理的，蓬乱的
• an unruly mop of black hair 一头又难梳理又乱蓬蓬的黑发
adj. 不守规矩的；任性的；难驾驭的
 - wayward, self-partial

Word: acronym
Front: acronym
[ˈækrənɪm] (托宝 13493/19145 -1)
Vocabulary: acronym
(once / 9657 pages)
n
Are the members of your after-school club tripping over the name Student Parachuting League & Aerial Team? Why not use each of the words’ first letters to make an acronym, and call the club SPLAT? There, that’s better.
What do NOW, sonar, and scuba have in common? They are all acronyms. Not only does each letter come from the first letter of another word, but each group of letters is easy to pronounce as its own word. Though its roots are classic (acro means “tip” and nym means “name”), acronym is fairly new as English words go; it has only been around since the early 1940s.
WORD FAMILY
acronym: acronymic, acronymous, acronyms+/acronymic: acronymically/acronymous: acronymously
USAGE EXAMPLES
Iraqi state TV said Hollande will discuss “increasing support to Iraq and the latest developments in the fight against Daesh,” the Arabic acronym for IS.
Time(Jan 02, 2017)
The name is an acronym for Society to Heal, Aid, Restore, Educate.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
"Merry Christmas from the most forward TAA at the tip of the spear," James said, using a military acronym for the compound.
Reuters(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 首字母缩略词
分布：首字母缩略词(100%)
→词根acer-, 尖的，首的，开头的。词根-onym, 名字，词源同name. 用于指首字母缩略词。
【记】acro高，nym名称－把高出小写字母的大写字母放在一起
US [-rə-] noun countable
■an abbreviation consisting of the first letters of each word in the name of something, pronounced as a word 首字母缩略词；首字母组合词
• AIDS is an acronym for 'Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome'. AIDS 是 Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome（获得性免疫缺损综合症）的首字母缩略词。
n. [语] 首字母缩略词
 - initialism

Word: analytic
Front: analytic
[ˌænəˈlɪtɪk] (研六 12062/15952)
Vocabulary: analytic
(once / 6074 pages)
1adj 2adj 3adj 4adj
If you have an analytic mind, you are good at using logic to figure things out. You don't let emotion sway you. Doctors are trained to think in this way, as are scientists and engineers.
Analytic derives from analysis, which means a thorough and detailed dissection of an object or an idea. Being analytic means that you think things through carefully and thoroughly. It may be more fun to fly by the seat of your pants and make all your decisions based on your gut instinct, but in the end, being analytic is safer.
WORD FAMILY
analytic: analytically, analyticity
USAGE EXAMPLES
As the ultimate product of the intelligence community’s collection and analytic efforts, the PDB tends to command respect, as some presidential comments reflect.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Here he redirected his analytic mind to his paralyzing grief, mocking the language of recovery, preferring “numb slog” to “healing journey.”
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
And for some analytic engines that decide which adverts you see online, the Prince of Wales and the Prince of Darkness are almost indistinguishable.
BBC(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: adj. 解析的; 分解的; 善于分析的; <语>分析型的
分布：分析的(87%)，分解的(13%)
a.(analytical)分析的;分解的The methods of science are analytic.科学的方法是分析性的.
ADJ-GRADED
同analytical
Analytic means the same as analytical .

Word: advancement
Front: advancement
[ədˈvɑ:nsmənt] (托 6629/8724 -1)
Vocabulary: advancement
(once / 785 pages)
n
Use the noun advancement when you talk about something's growth or progress. The advancement of modern medicine has lengthened many people's lives.
You might describe a society's advancement as a result of new industries and an improved economy. You could also cheer your best friend's advancement in her French class, being moved to a higher level because of her hard work. When you advance, you move forward — either literally or figuratively. Advancement comes from this idea of moving in a positive direction and its Old French root word avancier, "move forward," from the Late Latin abante, "in front."
WORD FAMILY
advancement: advancements+/ advance: advanced, advancement, advancer, advances, advancing/advancer: advancers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Wearable tech, although still in its infancy, is booming, and companies are hunting for advancements.
New York Times(Sep 09, 2016)
The group cites advancements of motorized technology for bringing the initiative forward.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
A great many indicators of female advancement plunged during Reagan’s reign.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 前进，进步; 提升，升级; 预付
分布：进步(71%)，晋升(18%)，前进(11%)
US [-'vænt-] noun uncountable
■the development or improvement of something 发展，提高，改善
• All she was interested in was the advancement of her own career. 她心中只想着如何发展自己的事业。
n. 前进，进步；提升
 - promotion, progress, ongoing, headway

Word: attest
Front: attest
[əˈtest] (宝 8631/12222 -1)
Vocabulary: attest
(once / 981 pages)
v
To attest is to prove or declare to be true. For example: the fact that you aced the SAT attests to the strength of your vocabulary.
Attest and testify come from the same Latin word testari, which means "to declare." Although both words are kind of formal, you often testify in a courtroom, but attest doesn't require a court of law to function. You can attest to anything — that the funny looking shoes toned your thighs, that what someone says is true, or that the new acne medicine really works. To remember it, think of when you pass a test, you attest that you know the material.
WORD FAMILY
attest: attestant, attestation, attested, attester, attesting, attests+/attestant: attestants/attestation: attestations/attested: attestedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
But these photographs suggest there were moments worth remembering, attesting perhaps to the abiding optimism that resides in artistic endeavor.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Today’s interest in cocktail culture, it explains, “attests to a nostalgia for the glamour and role playing of earlier eras.”
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The explosion of crossover sales attests to my guild’s influence.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 宣称…为真实的; 证明，证实; 作证; 使宣誓，使发誓
vi. 证实; 证明
时态：attested, attesting, attests
分布：证明(86%)，作证(14%)
→前缀at-同ad-. 词根test, 见证，来自PIE *tri-st, *tri同three, 三。st,站。即第三者，见证者，词源同testis, 睾丸，testament，证词。单词test, 测试，同词根terra, 土，见terrestrial, 领土的。原指土制陶罐用来检测贵金属如金，银纯度。字母r,s音变。
证实(at+test试验→一再试验→证实)[ab-,ac-,ad-,af-,ag-,an-,ap-,ar-,as-,at-等加在同辅音字母的词根前,表示"一再"等加强意]
证明(at一再+test证据)[test=test,tuitness,表示"测试,证据"]
【记】at一再，test作证明－证明，证实
[ə'test] formal
verb intransitive or transitive
■to show something or to say or prove that something is true 表明；证明；证实
• Thousands of people came out onto the streets to attest their support for the democratic opposition party. 数以千计的人走到街上，声援主张民主的反对党。
• The number of old German cars still on the road attests (to) the excellence of their manufacture. 在马路上仍可以看到相当数量的旧款德国车，这表明其制造工艺十分精良。
• As his career attests, he is a cricketer of world-class standard. 他是一位世界级的板球运动员，他的运动生涯就是证明。
• specialized The will needs to be attested (= officially marked to show that the signature of the person who made the will is correct) by three witnesses. 此遗嘱需要有三个证人联署证明。
vt. 证明；证实；为…作证
 - demonstrate, prove, favor, make sure, argue
vi. 证明；作证
 - give evidence of, bear witness to

Word: cloth
Front: cloth
[klɒθ] (高研四雅 3540/3307 -K2)
Vocabulary: cloth
(once / 135 pages)
n
Cloth is fabric, a woven material. When you sew your own clothes, you start with a piece of cloth.
Cloth is made from some sort of fiber, often cotton or wool, or a synthetic like rayon or polyester. Your clothing is made from cloth, as are the curtains in your house, your favorite tote bag, and the table cloth in your kitchen. The Old English root is claþ, which means "cloth or sail," but also "woven material to wrap around oneself," or "garment."
WORD FAMILY
cloth: cloths
USAGE EXAMPLES
Her pale hands stretch forward from swirls of black cloth.
The New Yorker(Jan 02, 2017)
The roots extend below the cloth, where they are available to the water-and-nutrients spray.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
One of the first scenes shows her preparing to navigate customs by wrapping a loose cloth around her pregnant belly.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 布，织物; 一块布; 用作某种用途的布，桌布，擦布，揩布; （统称）牧师
分布：布(84%)，布料(11%)，一块布(5%)
→可能来自kel,遮盖，隐藏，词源同hole,cellar.
n.(一块)布,织物,衣料She likes nothing but things of clothing and cloth.除了衣物和布料之类的东西外,她什么也不喜欢.
US [klɑ:θ] noun
 IMPROVER uncountable
■(a type of) woven material 布，布料
• a piece/length of cloth 一块布料
 IMPROVER countable
■a small piece of material, used in cleaning to remove dirt, dust or liquid 抹布
• a washing-up cloth 一块洗碗布
UK [klɒθ] US [klɑ:θ] noun
  Common Learner Errors  cloth or clothes? Warning: Choose the right word! To talk about things that you wear, don't say 'cloth' or 'cloths', say clothes :
✗ Bring summer cloths with you as the weather will be warm. Remember: clothes is always plural. To talk about one particular thing that you wear, say a piece/item of clothing.
cloth, clothing, clothes
cloth: 指布,为不可数名词
clothing: 服装的总称,指一件衣服用a piece of, an article of
clothes: 统指各种衣服,谓语动词永远是复数,
n. [纺] 布，织物；餐巾
 - web, woven fabric

Word: deepwater

Word: blatant
Front: blatant
[ˈbleɪtnt] (宝 10787/11081 -1)
Vocabulary: blatant
(once / 3325 pages)
adj
Something blatant is very obvious and offensive. Don't get caught in a blatant lie, because you won't be able to weasel your way out of it.
Blatant acts are done without trying to hide them. This adjective is probably from Latin blaterare "to chatter, croak" or Latin blatīre "to chatter, gossip." A near synonym is flagrant.
WORD FAMILY
blatant: blatancy, blatantly +/blatancy: blatancies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Blatant body checking is banned, but there is plenty of contact.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
These measures are more blatant than the abuses that provoked calls for more inclusive governance 30 years ago.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
“You just never see examples that are this blatant.”
New York Times(Sep 12, 2016)
Back: adj. 公然的; 明目张胆的; 露骨的
分布：公然的(36%)，明目张胆的(30%)，炫耀的(20%)，喧闹的(14%)
→blat, 同bleat, 羊叫，拟声词。指明目张胆的说坏话。
【记】1）blat喋喋不休，ant蚂蚁－喋喋不休的蚂蚁在炫耀自己搬家的本领－喧哗的，炫耀的。参：blatter（v 滔滔不绝地说）2）bla读：不累，ant蚂蚁－不累的蚂蚁在disco－喧哗的，炫耀的
【反】unobtrusive（adj 不多嘴的，谦虚的）；subtle（adj 微妙的）；unimpressive（adj 无印象的）；inconspicuous（adj 不显眼的）
adjective
■describes something bad that is very obvious or intentional 明目张胆的，公然的
• a blatant lie 弥天大谎
• The whole episode was a blatant attempt to gain publicity. 整个事件完全是旨在宣传的露骨炒作。
adj. 喧嚣的；公然的；炫耀的；俗丽的
 - declared, ambitious

Word: buffet
Front: buffet
[ˈbʊfeɪ] (高研雅 8330/7804 -1)
Vocabulary: buffet
(once / 1389 pages)
1n 2v
When you see the word buffet, it's hard not to think "all-you-can-eat." Although the noun can refer to food set out for self-service, buffet also means "a blow, especially with the hand," and as a verb "to strike sharply."
The two meanings of buffet come from very different sources. Buffet the self-serve meal is drawn from the piece of furniture on which such a meal might be served, a bufet "sideboard" in eighteenth-century French, and is pronounced buh-FAY. The meaning of hitting, however, comes from the Old French word bufe "a blow" or "a puff of wind" and is spoken BUH-fit. If the wind buffets the windows of your house, it can make them rattle in their frames, and if you are buffeted by bad news, you might shake in your shoes too.
WORD FAMILY
buffet: buffeted, buffeting, buffets, buffetted, buffetting+/buffeting: buffetings
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the age of Trump, data and evidence are just some unwanted roughage down at the end of the buffet.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Our new friend invited us to share a lunch buffet of fried chicken, potato salad and sweets.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
We are sharpening our knives for a large buffet.”
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 自助餐; 火车饮食柜台; 车站快餐部
时态：buffeted, buffetted, buffeting, buffets
分布：自助餐(85%)，打击(9%)，连续猛击(5%)，饮食柜台(1%)
→来自法语bufet, 桌子，橱柜。后指餐厅自助餐。
n.餐具柜,小卖部v.冲击,搏斗The ship buffeted her way through the waves.这只船乘风破浪前进.
【记】读：8feet。比如：章鱼。可以把…连续的打来打去
US [bəˈfeɪ/
■a meal where people serve themselves different types of usually cold food 自助餐
• Are you having a sit-down meal or a buffet at the wedding? 你办婚礼想摆桌宴还是搞自助餐？
■UK
■a restaurant in a station, where food and drinks can be bought and eaten （车站的）餐馆，速食部
verb transitive /ˈbʌf.ɪt/
■(of wind, rain, etc.) to hit something repeatedly and with great force （风、雨等）连续猛击，打击
• The little boat was buffeted mercilessly by the waves. 海浪无情地拍打着小船。
n. [食品] 自助餐； [贸易] 小卖部；打击；猛烈冲击
 - blow, stroke, shock, strike, hit
vt. 与…搏斗；连续猛击
 - breast, be at grips with
vi. 斗争；奋勇前进
 - fight, struggle (with)
adj. [食品] 自助的；自助餐的
 - self-help

Word: exasperate
Front: exasperate
[ɪgˈzæspəreɪt] (托雅宝 17029/14769 -1)
Vocabulary: exasperate
(once / 602 pages)
v
To exasperate someone is to annoy him or her to the point of impatience, frustration and irritation, like when you exasperate a busy waiter by asking questions like "what are all the ingredients in the salad dressing?" and making him repeat the specials five times.
The verb exasperate comes from the Latin word exasperatus, which means “to roughen,” “irritate,” or “provoke.” To exasperate is to make something that is already bad even worse, like when sitting in traffic that is sure to make you late, you exasperate the person who is driving by bringing up an unpleasant topic, or the addition of twenty more students that exasperates the crowding in the cafeteria.
WORD FAMILY
exasperate: exasperated, exasperates, exasperating, exasperation +/ exasperated: exasperatedly/ exasperating: exasperatingly/ exasperation: exasperations
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Some of that was because Clay County was in bad situation before the flood and then exasperated by the flood.”
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Many Japanese scholars, exasperated by Tokyo’s studied forgetfulness, are joining foreign critics in insisting on the same thing.
Time(Dec 26, 2016)
The breaches mainly represent a new form of crime whose costs are exasperating but manageable.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vt. 使恼怒; 使恶化; 使加剧
时态：exasperated, exasperating, exasperates
分布：激怒(59%)，使恶化(17%)，被激怒的(8%)，使 ... 恼怒(8%)，表面粗糙的(8%)
→ex-, 向外。-asper, 粗糙，词源同asperity.
激怒;使恶化[asper=rough(粗糙)]
【记】ex出，asper粗暴的－使显出粗暴的样子－激怒ex出，asper呼吸－喘着粗气－被激怒了
【参】asperity（n 严酷；刻薄）；exasperation（n 恼怒）
【反】mollify（v 平息）；mitigate（v 减轻）
US [-'zæs.pɚ.eɪt] verb transitive
■to make someone very annoyed, usually when they can do nothing to solve a problem 激怒，使气恼，使烦恼（通常使人束手无策）
vt. 恶化；使恼怒；激怒
 - anger, go ill

Word: eruption
Front: eruption
[ɪ'rʌpʃn] (六托 8662/6705)
Vocabulary: eruption
(once / 1071 pages)
1n 2n 3n 4n
An eruption is an explosion of steam and lava from a volcano. This word is also used for other explosions, such as "an eruption of emotions."
If there's an eruption of a volcano, you don't want to be anywhere near it. When a volcano erupts, it spews a huge amount of lava, ash, and steam into the air. If you were angry at a friend but held your tongue for a long time, then suddenly started yelling in anger, that's an eruption too. The sudden spreading of a disease could be called an eruption. Eruptions are quick, huge, explosive, and dangerous: they're never good news.
WORD FAMILY
eruption: eruptions+/ erupt: erupted, erupting, eruption, eruptive, erupts/eruptive: eruptively
USAGE EXAMPLES
The latest eruption occurred Friday, producing an ash cloud that was believed to rise to about 20,000 feet.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The eruption caused the observatory to issue its highest alert level for aircraft.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The Alaska Volcano Observatory says an eruption that produced ash started just after 2 p.m.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 喷发，爆发
分布：喷发(50%)，爆发(47%)，出疹(2%)，长牙(1%)
爆发(erupt+ion)[rupt=break,表示"断裂"]
VERB
（火山）喷发，爆发
When a volcano erupts, it throws out a lot of hot, melted rock called lava, as well as ash and steam.
例：The volcano erupted in 1980, devastating a large area of Washington state...那座火山在1980年喷发，摧毁了华盛顿州大片地区。
例：Scientists say Mount Pinatubo could erupt again soon.科学家说皮纳图博山近期可能会再次喷发。
VERB
（冲突、战斗等）突然发生，爆发，突然加剧
If violence or fighting erupts, it suddenly begins or gets worse in an unexpected, violent way.
例：Heavy fighting erupted there today after a two-day ceasefire...在停火两天后，今天那里爆发了激烈的战斗。
例：Violence erupted as the boys were driven away in two police vans.两辆警车将男孩们带走时突然发生了暴力冲突。
VERB
（某地）爆发动乱;（人群）突然暴怒，发生骚乱
When people in a place suddenly become angry or violent, you can say that they erupt or that the place erupts .
例：In Los Angeles, the neighborhood known as Watts erupted into riots...在洛杉矶，一个叫做沃茨的街区爆发了动乱。
例：This region which had been relatively calm erupted in violence again this spring.已经相对平静的这个地区今年春天再次爆发暴力事件。
VERB
（感情）迸发，突然转变;（常指）变得狂躁
You say that someone erupts when they suddenly have a change in mood, usually becoming quite noisy.
例：Then, without warning, she erupts into laughter...然后在没有任何征兆的情况下，她突然大笑起来。
例：Newman fled barefoot as the cheated husband erupted in fury.被戴绿帽的丈夫勃然大怒，纽曼吓得光着脚逃走了。
VERB
（斑疹等）突然出现，冒出
If your skin erupts, sores or spots suddenly appear there.
例：At the end of the second week, my skin erupted in pimples.第二周周末，我的皮肤上突然出现了丘疹。
explosion, eruption
explosion: 爆炸
eruption: 爆发，突然发作
n. [天] 爆发， [地质] 喷发；火山灰；出疹
 - explosion, burst, outbreak

Word: fitness
Front: fitness
[ˈfɪtnəs] (六托雅 3357/4207)
Vocabulary: fitness
(once / 876 pages)
n
Fitness is good physical condition. If you're a fitness nut and you're constantly working out, everybody else at the gym might be eyeing your sculpted muscles with envy and marveling at your stamina and strength.
Fitness can also refer to your being fit, or qualified, for something. If you show up in ragged jeans and a dirty t-shirt to interview for a job in the clean room of a microchip factory, your interviewer might question your fitness for the position. For a ship, fitness is a measure of whether it's seaworthy. In biology, an organism's fitness for a particular environment is its ability to survive and reproduce in those conditions.
WORD FAMILY
fitness: fitnesses+/ fit: fitful, fitly, fitness, fits, fitted, fitter, fittest, fitting, misfit, refit, unfit / fitful: fitfully, fitfulness/fitter: fitters/fitting: fittingly, fittingness, fittings, ill-fitting / misfit: misfits, misfitted, misfitting/refit: refits, refitted, refitting/ unfit: unfitly, unfitness, unfits, unfitted, unfitting/unfitness: unfitnesses/unfitting: unfittingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
In an adjacent anteroom, there’s a stationary bike, 15-pound weights, a multipurpose fitness tower and a TRX suspension trainer hanging on the door.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Now, at age 58, it's difficult to keep up any fitness routine for more than a few months, due to pain . . . and idleness!
New York Times(Oct 18, 2016)
Among the victims of Sunday’s attack, in Istanbul’s Ortakoy district, were an Iraqi student, a Turkish police officer and two Lebanese fitness trainers.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 健康; 适当，适合; 合情理
分布：健康(75%)，适合(25%)
→来自fit, 合适的，得当的。后用来指身体上适宜的，健康的。
noun uncountable
HEALTH 健康
 IMPROVER
■the condition of being physically strong and healthy 健壮；健康
• I'm trying to improve my fitness by cycling to work. 我每天骑脚踏车上班，想以此来改善健康状况。
['fɪt.nəs] noun uncountable
SUITABLE QUALITY 合适的素质
■suitability 合适；胜任
• His fitness for the new position is not in question. 他胜任那个新职位，这毫无疑问。
• [+ to infinitive] Many people are concerned about her fitness to govern. 由她来统辖是否合适，许多人对此表示担忧。
n. 健康；适当；适合性
 - health, adaptability, relevance, wellness

Word: gigantic
Front: gigantic
[dʒaɪˈgæntɪk] (研六托雅 7783/9583 -1)
Vocabulary: gigantic
(once / 431 pages)
adj
Gigantic is an adjective used to describe something that's really big, as though it were made for a giant. You might call a skyscraper a gigantic building, especially if it towers over other buildings nearby.
As you might imagine, gigantic is derived from the noun giant. Giants were mythical beings that were said to be of immense size and strength. Literally, gigantic means “of or relating to a giant,” but in practice gigantic is widely used to describe almost anything as especially big. If an article of clothing is way too big for you, you could call it gigantic. You might also complain of having a gigantic headache because someone is being a gigantic pain.
WORD FAMILY
gigantic: gigantically
USAGE EXAMPLES
It would build the vertical-farm systems but not sell them, grow baby greens commercially, and scale the operation up gigantically.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
“He was just big. He wore these gigantic shoulder pads,” said USC cornerback Adoree’ Jackson, who played against Farmer in high school.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
That best friend, Okja, is a gigantic animal, the species of which is still under wraps.
Time(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 巨大的，庞大的; 巨人似的; 硕大无比; 排山倒海
分布：巨大的(100%)
a.巨大的,庞大的The gigantic panther in pants passed the transition period of heart transplant.穿裤子的巨大黑豹度过了心脏移植的过度期.
US [-tˌɪk] adjective
■extremely large 巨大的，庞大的
• a gigantic statue 巨大的雕塑
• The cost has been gigantic. 费用非常庞大。
tremendous, colossal, huge, gigantic, massive, vast, enormous, immense, giant
这组词都有“巨大的，庞大的”的意思，其区别是：
tremendous: 指某物很大，大得惊人；也可用作引申意义。
colossal: 侧重尺寸、规模和体积的无比巨大。
huge: 含义广，强调体积或容积的庞大。也可用于引申意义。
gigantic: 指面积或体积的巨大，但多用于引申意义。
massive: 指大的体积、数量和重量，侧重庞大而笨重。
vast: 多指空间、面积、范围的巨大，不涉及重量。
enormous: 指体积、数量或程度远远超过一般标准。
immense: 正式用词，侧重空间的广阔，也指面积或分量的巨大。
giant: 非正式用词，多为褒义。指如巨人般的庞大体积。
gigantic, maximum, excess, excessive, multiple, surplus
gigantic: 巨大的，庞大的
maximum: 最大的，最高的
excess: （作定语） 过度的，额外的，超过了正常限度或标准
excessive: 过度的，过分的
multiple: 多样的，多重的，多倍的
surplus: 过剩的，多余的，剩余的
adj. 巨大的，庞大的
 - huge, enormous, tremendous, massive, macro

Word: militancy
Front: militancy
['mɪlɪtənsɪ] (18430/16045)
Back: n. 战斗性，交战状态
分布：战斗性(69%)，交战状态(31%)
ADJ-GRADED
激进的;好战的
You use militant to describe people who believe in something very strongly and are active in trying to bring about political or social change, often in extreme ways that other people find unacceptable.
例：Militant mineworkers in the Ukraine have voted for a one-day stoppage next month.乌克兰激进的矿工们已经投票决定下个月罢工一天。
例：...one of the most active militant groups.最为活跃的激进团体之一
n. 战斗性；交战状态
 - belligerency

Word: profligate
Front: profligate
[ˈprɒflɪgət] (宝 24410/22405)
Vocabulary: profligate
(once / 1599 pages)
adjn
Profligate, as a noun or as an adjective, implies recklessly wasting your money on extravagant luxury. Profligate behavior is a lot of fun, but you'll regret it later — when you get your charge card bill.
Any time someone behaves in a reckless, amoral, or wasteful way, they are engaging in profligate behavior. It usually refers to financial behavior but can cross over to social activity as well. A person who is a slave to their cravings and whose behavior is unrestrained and selfish can be called a profligate. Extravagantly profligate behavior is often wildly fun but usually comes with a heavy price to pay in the morning, both financially and morally.
WORD FAMILY
profligate: profligacy, profligately, profligates+/ profligacy: profligacies
USAGE EXAMPLES
“These animals were profligate wasters of energy,” he said.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Bloated, profligate and corrupt, for many healthcare was indicative of all that was wrong with the country and, as such, badly in need of reform.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
It’s unclear how Trump’s fiscally profligate platform meshes with Mulvaney’s preference for penny-pinching.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 挥霍的; 浪费的; 放荡的; 行为不检点的
n. 放荡的人，浪子，肆意挥霍者
分布：放荡的(34%)，不检点的(19%)，放荡者(17%)，浪费的(17%)，享乐者(13%)
→pro-,向前，-flig,击，打，词源同afflict,conflict.比喻用法。
浪费的,挥霍的(pro+flig打出+ate→把钱不断的打出去→挥霍)[pro-①表示"向前,在前"②表示"很多…"③表示"赞同,亲..."]
【记】pro向前，fli＝fly，gate门：向前飞过一扇（赌场）的大门－挥霍
【反】parsimonious（adj 吝啬节俭的）；provident（adj 有远见的；节俭的）；economical（adj 节约的）
US ['prɑ:.flɪ-] formal
adjective
■wasteful with money 恣意挥霍的，浪费的
• She is well-known for her profligate spending habits. 她因恣意挥霍钱财而出名。
adj. 放荡的，不检点的；恣意挥霍的
 - gay, dissolute
n. 放荡者；享乐者
 - roue, squanderer

Word: ratification
Front: ratification
[ˌrætɪfɪ'keɪʃn] (宝 14059/10729 -1)
Vocabulary: ratification
(once / 1601 pages)
n
Ratification is the official way to confirm something, usually by vote. It is the formal validation of a proposed law.
We almost never use the word ratification except to talk about process by which proposed laws, treaties, and agreements are officially recognized. In the United States, any amendment to the Constitution requires ratification by at least three quarters of the states, even after Congress has approved it.
WORD FAMILY
ratification: ratifications+/ ratified: unratified/ratifier: ratifiers/ ratify: ratification, ratified, ratifier, ratifies, ratifying
USAGE EXAMPLES
The brightest was ratification of the Paris climate agreement.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The president labeled it an executive agreement that he said did not require Senate ratification.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
And the president unilaterally committed the nation to an unpopular nuclear deal with Iran, bypassing the Senate’s treaty ratification power.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 正式批准，认可; 承认
分布：批准(86%)，认可(14%)
【记】源于：ratify（v 正式批准）
N-VAR
批准；认可
The ratification of a treaty or written agreement is the process of ratifying it.
例：The EU will now complete ratification of the treaty by June 1.欧盟将于6月1日前完成条约的批准。
n. 批准；承认，认可
 - recognition, confirmation, authorization, validation, approval of

Word: relinquish
Front: relinquish
[rɪˈlɪŋkwɪʃ] (托雅宝 9453/8524 -1)
Vocabulary: relinquish
(once / 797 pages)
v
If you relinquish something, you let it go. You relinquish control of the army when you resign as general. You relinquish your plan to sneak into town when your parents find out what's going on.
Relinquish is also commonly used to mean physically letting go of something: The monkey wouldn't relinquish its grasp on the banana. Relinquish descends from Latin relinquere, from the prefix re- "again" plus linquere "to leave."
WORD FAMILY
relinquish: relinquished, relinquishes, relinquishing, relinquishment +/relinquishing: relinquishings/ relinquishment: relinquishments
USAGE EXAMPLES
In some counties, state legislators effectively control central committees and are reluctant to relinquish appointment power.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
If I were Israel, I would not relinquish control of the West Bank borders — for now.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
He said both countries must fully recognize each other, ensure access to religious sites and relinquish other existing claims.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 放弃; 让出（权利，财产等）; 放开，松手; 撤离
时态：relinquished, relinquishing, relinquishes
分布：放弃(94%)，放手(6%)
→来自拉丁语 relinquere,留下，留给，来自 re-,向后，往回，linquere,留下，留给，词源同 delinquency,relic.引申诸相关词义。
不再采取行动,放弃(re+linqu离开+ish→离开不再要→放弃)[re-①表示"向后,相反,不"②表示"一再,重新"]
放弃,防开(re远+linqu+ish→远离→放弃：re表示"远",如remote遥远的)[linqu=leave,表示"离开"]
【记】re再，linquish＝leave离开－再离开－放弃读：re林窥视－经常在小树林里面窥视别人－放弃的工作－放弃。
【反】procure（v 获得）；cling to（坚持）；cooperate（v 合作）；reward（v 酬劳；奖赏）
formal
verb transitive
■to give up something such as a responsibility or claim 放弃；拒绝
• He has relinquished his claim to the throne. 他放弃了继承王位的要求。
• She relinquished control of the family investments to her son. 她把家庭投资的掌控权移交给了儿子。
■to unwillingly stop holding or keeping something （不情愿地）松开，放开，交出，让予
• She relinquished her hold/grip on the steering wheel. 她松开了握着轪盘的手。
vt. 放弃；放手；让渡
 - desert, yield, quit

Word: treble
Front: treble
[ˈtrebl] (雅 25313/13771 -1)
Vocabulary: treble
(once / 1525 pages)
1adjnv 2adjv
Something that's treble has three parts or sections. You could describe a tricycle as a treble wheeled vehicle.
You can use the adjective treble to mean "triple," either because it's three times as large, or has three components. If you watch three movies in a row at a theater, you can call it a treble feature. A three-headed monster can also be described as treble headed. Another meaning of treble is a high-pitched singing voice, especially a boy's. Treble comes from the Latin word triplus, or "threefold."
WORD FAMILY
treble: trebled, trebles, trebling, trebly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Another is Unibot, a robotic vacuum cleaner that trebles up as a mobile home security camera and an air purifier/humidifier.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
Equalled Sir Chris Hoy's British record of six Olympic gold medals with a treble in Rio.
BBC(Nov 28, 2016)
Celtic now switches its focus back to the quest for a domestic treble.
Washington Times(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 三倍的，三重的; 高音的; 最高声部的; 尖锐刺耳的
vt. & vi. 使成为三倍; 增加两倍
n. 最高音部，高音; 三倍
vi. 变成三倍
时态：trebled, trebling, trebles
分布：三倍(42%)，三倍的(24%)，三重的(16%)，最高音部(14%)，最高音部的(4%)
→来自古法语 treble,三倍，来自拉丁语 triplus,三倍，来自 tri-,三，-pl,倍数，词源同 double,triple. 引申诸相关词义。
predeterminer
■three times greater in amount, number or size 三倍的
• He earns almost treble the amount that I do. 他赚的钱差不多是我的三倍。
['treb.l] verb intransitive or transitive
■to increase three times in size or amount, or to make something do this （使）成三倍，（使）增加两倍
• The price of property has almost trebled in the last ten years. 在过去十年里，房地产价格几乎涨了两倍。
['treb.l] adverb [before noun] adjective
■being or relating to a boy's voice which sings the highest notes, or an instrument that plays the highest notes （男童声）唱最高声部的；（乐器）奏最高声部的
• He sings treble. 他唱最高声部。
• a treble voice 高音
['treb.l] noun countable
■someone with a treble voice 童声高音歌手
• This part is for a boy treble. 这部分是给男童声高音歌手唱的。
Compare soprano
adj. [数] 三倍的；最高声部的；三层的；三重的
 - triple, trinary
n. [数] 三倍；最高声部
 - triplicity, trinity
vt. 使成三倍
 - triple

Word: sulphur
Front: sulphur
['sʌlfə(r)] (四六雅 22759/6702 -1)
Back: n. 硫磺; 硫磺色，黄绿色; [动]粉蝶科蝶
v. 使硫化; 用硫磺处理; 在…中加硫磺
分布：硫(81%)，硫磺(18%)，=sulfur.(1%)
→来自拉丁语 sulphur,硫，硫磺，可能来自 swelp,燃烧，扩大形式自 swel,照射，发光， 词源同 swelter,热昏，酷热。
US [-fɚ] noun uncountable
■a pale yellow element which exists in various physical forms. It burns with a blue flame and a strong smell and is used in medicine and industry. 硫，硫磺
n. [化学] 硫磺；硫磺色
 - sulfur, brenstone
vt. 使硫化；用硫磺处理
 - cure, sulfur

Word: recapture
Front: recapture
[ˌri:ˈkæptʃə(r)] (10784/11145 -1)
Vocabulary: recapture
(once / 1854 pages)
nv
To recapture something is to get it back or catch it again. If you were the zookeeper at a very disorganized zoo, one of your jobs might be to recapture runaway baby pandas.
The police might recapture an escaped prisoner, and when they do it they can call the act itself a recapture. You can also recapture things in a more figurative way — your dad might like to recapture his high school days by listening to 80s music, for example. The "again" prefix re- is added to capture, from Latin captura, "a taking."
WORD FAMILY
recapture: recaptured, recaptures, recapturing+/ capture: captured, capturer, captures, capturing, recapture /capturer: capturers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Since the drive to recapture Mosul began on Oct.
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
In the north, a separate army unit pressed toward the border of Mosul proper after recapturing several outlying villages in recent days.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The strikes appeared to be the first Russian support for a Turkish-backed rebel offensive aimed at recapturing the last IS stronghold in Aleppo province.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 重新捕获[夺回]; 重温
n. 重新捕获; 再次体验
时态：recaptured, recapturing, recaptures
分布：重温(30%)，再捕获(23%)，重获(15%)，重新获得(11%)，再次经历(7%)，再俘获(7%)，重获之物(7%)
→re-,再，重新，capture,抓住。
US [-tʃɚ] verb transitive
■to take something into your possession again, especially by force （尤指用武力）夺回，收复，重新占领
• The army recaptured the town from the rebels. 军队从叛乱分子手中收复了这座城镇。
■If something recaptures a previous emotion or style, it makes you experience that emotion again or it repeats that style 使再现；使重新经历；重温
• The film successfully recaptures the joyful style of the 1940s Hollywood musical. 这出电影成功再现了20世纪40年代好莱坞音乐剧的欢快风格。
vt. 夺回；拿回；再体验；政府征收再经历
 - reseize, take back
n. 夺回；取回；政府对公司超额收益或利润的征收
 - retrieval, reseizure

Word: cocoa
Front: cocoa
[ˈkəʊkəʊ] (高 8963/8892 -1)
Vocabulary: cocoa
(once / 1523 pages)
n
The dark, chocolate-brown powder you use to make brownies or devil's food cake is called cocoa. Cocoa consists of finely ground roasted cacao beans.
You can use cocoa to make many chocolate treats, including pudding, cake, cookies, and hot chocolate — which is also called cocoa. Although cocoa powder smells delicious, it has to be mixed with sugar or some other sweetener for it to taste good. When the word cocoa was first used in the early 18th century, it was based on a mistake, mixing up the letters of cacao, the seed that's used to make cocoa.
WORD FAMILY
cocoa: cocoas
USAGE EXAMPLES
Coffee beans are the most -popular choice, though Arnold prefers lemon peel and Dorman cocoa -powder, -neither of which provides the -necessary extra caffeine hit.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
I spent the night of the US election curled up with a cup of cocoa and Dodie Smith’s novel I Capture the Castle.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
New York and London cocoa futures hit three-year lows this month on strong supply and forecasts of a global surplus next year.
Reuters(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 可可，可可粉; 可可饮料; 深褐色
分布：可可粉(75%)，可可饮料(21%)，可可色(4%)
→来自南美土著语cacahuatl, 词源同chocolate, cacao.
US ['koʊ.koʊ] noun uncountable
 ADVANCED
■a dark brown powder made from cocoa beans , used to make chocolate and add a chocolate flavour to food and drink 可哥粉
 ADVANCED
■a sweet chocolate drink that is made with cocoa powder 可哥饮料
• a nice hot mug of cocoa 一杯香喷喷的热可哥饮料
n. [作物] 可可粉；可可豆；可可饮料；深褐色
 - cacao powder, cacao bean

Word: behead
Front: behead
[bɪˈhed] (18382/20435)
Back: vt. 砍（某人的）头，砍头处决
时态：beheaded, beheading, beheads
分布：砍 ... 的头(100%)
→前缀be-的特殊用法，表示除去。head, 头。
verb transitive often passive
■to cut off someone's head 砍…的头，斩…之首

Word: wrest
Front: wrest
[rest] (15051/18675 -1)
Vocabulary: wrest
(once / 1304 pages)
v
To wrest is to forcefully grab or take something away. You can wrest away many things, such as remote controls and championships.
This word is strong and a little violent. It's not easy to wrest something away. Wresting away is a little like "wrestling" something away — you can't get it without a fight. Objects can be wrested away, but so can non-physical things. In a tough election, you could say the new president wrests away the title of commander-in-chief from the incumbent candidate.
WORD FAMILY
wrest: wrested, wrester, wresting, wrests+/wrester: wresters
USAGE EXAMPLES
Large swaths of the western city of Ramadi were destroyed in the offensive to wrest it from IS control.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Operations to wrest the group from Mosul, their last major stronghold in Iraq, began in October.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
He wrests back the Oval Office from the left-leaning circus that is our creative class.
Salon(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. （用力）拧，扭; <文>费力取得; 歪曲（事实等），曲解; 扭夺，夺取，抢去
n. 拧，扭; [乐]（调校琴弦的）校音钥
时态：wrested, wresting, wrests
分布：夺取(44%)，歪曲(20%)，费力取得(14%)，扭(10%)，拧(8%)，调音键(4%)
→来自wer,弯，转，拧，词源同wring,wrench。引申义猛拉，抢夺，攫取。
【记】wr＝wry（v 扭曲），est最：用猛烈扭的动作取得
verb transitive + adverb or preposition formal
■to get something with effort or difficulty 辛苦谋求；费力取得
• The shareholders are planning to wrest control of the company (away) from the current directors. 股东正在计划从现任董事手中夺取公司的控制权。
■to violently pull something away from someone 夺取；攫取
• He wrested the letter from my grasp. 他从我手中夺走了那封信。
vt. 用力拧；强夺；歪曲
 - colour, take by storm
n. 扭，拧
 - tweak, twist

Word: airborne
Front: airborne
[ˈeəbɔ:n] (托宝 7134/9978 -1)
Vocabulary: airborne
(once / 4566 pages)
adj
Something that's airborne is flying through the air. A soaring seagull is airborne, and so is a rock launched from a slingshot.
If you've ever tried parachuting from an airplane, you've been airborne, sailing through the sky, and when the plane itself takes off from the runway, it becomes airborne. On a windy day at the beach, people's umbrellas and towels sometimes become airborne. Bourne here is the past tense of bear, or "carry," so when something is airborne, it's carried by the air.
WORD FAMILY
airborne
USAGE EXAMPLES
From an “airborne fulfillment center” hovering near the stadium, Amazon would dispatch a drone with your purchase.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
He later joined a British army airborne division but never saw combat.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
He didn’t realize he would be assigned to the 101st Airborne Division.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 空运的，飞机载的; 航空的; 空气所带的; 空气传播的
分布：空运的(65%)，空中传播的(21%)，起飞后在飞行中(14%)
【记】air空气，born天生的－空气传播的
US ['er.bɔ:rn] adjective
■in the air, or carried by air or wind or by an aircraft; flying 在空中的；空气传播的；空运的；飞行中的
• The airborne radioactive particles have covered a huge area of Russia. 透过空气传播的放射性粒子覆盖了俄罗斯广大地区。
• Airborne troops were dropped by parachute behind enemy lines. 空降部队伞降到敌后阵地上。
• The old plane had great difficulty getting airborne (= rising into the air). 这架老掉牙的飞机起飞非常困难。
adj. [航] 空运的；空气传播的；风媒的
 - abn, skyborne

Word: decentralisation

Word: decentralise

Word: discomfort
Front: discomfort
[dɪsˈkʌmfət] (托 6452/6957 -2)
Vocabulary: discomfort
(once / 764 pages)
n
Discomfort is the feeling of irritation, soreness, or pain that, though not severe, is annoying. Every year, people who get a cold or the flu experience a few days of discomfort.
The noun discomfort is good for describing situations when you aren't quite in pain, but you don't feel very good. Things that cause discomfort include a dull toothache, a blister on your foot, and a terrible mattress. Discomfort can also describe embarrassment, like the discomfort you'd feel if you suddenly realized you were in the wrong classroom.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
discomfit / discomfort
To discomfit is to embarrass someone. Say it with a Southern accent while sipping sweet tea. Discomfort is a noun meaning uncomfortable, like the feeling you get when you realize you put salt instead of sugar in Mama's tea.
Discomfit is a verb that began as "to defeat in battle," but now it means to rattle or embarrass someone. It's so embarrassing to lose! This "newer" definition (it's been in action since about 1400, says The Oxford English Dictionary) came to be when people got it confused with discomfort. How embarrassing! Here are some discomfits undoing folks in the news:
But today even the best zoos discomfit many parents, this one included. (Time)
At the same time, the Obama administration is pressing for changes that could discomfit the king and his aides. (Los Angeles Times)
Discomfort is a noun meaning physical or mental distress. That's how it stays away from its sound-alike; it's rarely used as a verb anymore. Like all nouns, you can put an a, an, or the in front of it an it makes sense:
Yoga can help alleviate some of the discomforts of pregnancy and keep mothers-to-be fit. (Fit Pregnancy)
Nabokov said he sustained an injury during the first period, played through the discomfort, but "Jack pulled the trigger" to substitute DiPietro. (New York Times)
Use discomfit to embarrass; use discomfort for embarrassment. Taste that tea before you serve it if you want to avoid both.
WORD FAMILY
discomfort: discomforts+/ comfort: comfortable, comforted, comforter, comforting, comfortless, comforts, discomfort / comfortable: comfortableness, comfortabler, comfortablest, comfortably, uncomfortable /comfortableness: comfortablenesses/comforted: comfortedly/comforter: comforters/comforting: comfortinger, comfortingly/comfortless: comfortlessly/ uncomfortable: uncomfortableness, uncomfortablest, uncomfortably/uncomfortableness: uncomfortablenesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
A spokesman for President Vladimir Putin said the Kremlin's reaction would cause the US "significant discomfort".
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Mr. Limbaugh may discomfort him by entertaining and educating millions.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
A look of discomfort flashed across her face before she pulled away.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 不舒适，不舒服; 不安; 不方便; 苦恼
vt. 使…不舒服; 使…不安; 使苦恼; 使不便
分布：不适(98%)，不便之处(1%)，使不适(1%)
→dis-,不，非，使相反，comfort,舒服。
使不安,不愉快(dis不＋comfort舒适→不舒适)[fore,fort=storng,表示"强大,力量"]
【记】comfort（n 舒服v 安慰）
US [-fɚt] noun countable or uncountable
■a feeling of being uncomfortable physically or mentally, or something that causes this 不适，不安；令人不适（或不安）的事物
• You may feel a little discomfort for a few days after the operation. 在手术后的几天里你可能会感到有些不适。
n. [医] 不适，不安；不便之处
 - tension, unrest
vt. 使……不舒服；使……不安
 - bother

Word: degrade
Front: degrade
[dɪˈgreɪd] (六托雅 8440/11309 -1)
Vocabulary: degrade
(once / 320 pages)
v
Degrade means to put down––a degrading comment is one that makes the subject feel bad, a degraded field is one whose soil has been worn out. If you move from an A average to a B, you've been degraded.
When you whistle at a passing woman, you're being disrespectful––your behavior is degrading to women. In science, degrade means to break down. Old paper or photographs can degrade when left in the light––their material breaks down so that they crumble at a touch.
WORD FAMILY
degrade: degradation, degraded, degrader, degrades, degrading +/ degradation: degradations/degraded: degradedly/degrader: degraders/ degrading: degradingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Torture and cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment is never a morally permissible option, even if lives depend on gaining information,” the manual said.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Some appear to be in good condition but were conserved using a 1940s process that is slowly degrading the documents housed in the temperature-controlled archives.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Environmentalists are fighting the plan, saying it would degrade the river’s natural status.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 降低，贬低; 使降级; 降低…身分; 使丢脸
vt. & vi. （使）退化，降解，分解; 降解; 撤职，免职; 降低品格[身价，价值（等）]
时态：degraded, degrading, degrades
分布：降解(71%)，退化(14%)，贬低(11%)，降格(3%)，使屈辱(1%)
→de-, 向下。grade, 层级。即降级。
降级;退化(de向下+grade→向下降级)[grad=step,grade,表示"步,级"]
【记】de降低，grade阶段－使降级
【参】retrograde（adj 倒退的；v 倒退）；upgrade（vt 使升级；改良）
verb
LOSE RESPECT 使失去价值
transitive
■to cause people to feel that they or other people have no value and do not have the respect or good opinion of others 贬低；降低…的身份；侮辱…的人格
• Pornography degrades women. 色情作品是对女性的侮辱。
[dɪ'greɪd] verb
SPOIL 破坏
transitive
■to spoil or destroy the beauty or quality of something 玷污；损害，危害
• Every day the environment is further degraded by toxic wastes. 环境日益受到有毒废物的危害。
intransitive or transitive specialized
■If the quality of something electrical or electronic degrades or is degraded, it becomes less good or less correct. （使）（无线电信号、灵敏度等）降低
[dɪ'greɪd] verb
CHANGE STRUCTURE 改变结构
intransitive specialized
■(of a substance) to change into a more simple chemical structure 降解；分解
• These chemicals quickly degrade into harmless compounds. 这些化学制品能很快分解为无害化合物。
⇒ See also biodegrade
degrade, humble, disgrace, humiliate
这组词都有“使丢脸、使受耻辱”的意思，其区别是：
degrade: 指因过失而受到降级、阶格；也多指因自身的境遇而感到耻辱。
humble: 常可和degrade换用，强调降级所带来的耻辱；也多指自卑和感到渺小无能的心理状态。
disgrace: 指降低某人在他人心目中的地位，使其丢脸。
humiliate: 指损伤或剥夺自尊感，损坏自尊心，强调蒙受耻辱。
degrade, underestimate, alleviate, minimize
degrade: 使降级，降低价值，降解，堕落
underestimate: 低估，看低
alleviate: 减少，主要指将（痛苦等）减轻；
minimize: 最小化，将……减到最小
vt. 贬低；使……丢脸；使……降级；使……降解
 - lower, bemean
vi. 降级，降低；退化
 - sink in the scale, lower down

Word: lawn
Front: lawn
[lɔ:n] (研四六托雅 2951/4589 -2)
Vocabulary: lawn
(once / 351 pages)
n
A lawn is an area of ground that's planted with grass. Your next-door neighbor might be so overly proud of his tidy lawn that he stands on it, glaring at the dandelions growing in yours.
Most lawns are neatly mowed — a lawn that's allowed to grow tall might more accurately be called a field, especially if there are weeds or wildflowers mixed in with the grass. It's difficult to grow a lawn in places that don't get much rain, since it needs to be watered regularly to stay green and lush. Lawn was laune in the 1500s, meaning "open space between the woods," from the Old French lande, "heath, moor, or clearing."
WORD FAMILY
lawn: lawns
USAGE EXAMPLES
Iames would collect old lumber to build skis, lawn ornaments and doorstops to earn extra money as a child.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Todd Fisher says the actresses will be buried together at Forest Lawn Memorial Park Hollywood Hills, which is the final resting place of many celebrities.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The blank industrial lawns cultivated by neighbors are nearly devoid of birds, he noted.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 草地，草坪; 上等细麻布
分布：草坪(72%)，草地(28%)
→来自古英语laune,词源同land,荒野，土地。后该词用来指荒野，杂草地，现指草坪，草地。
n.草地,草坪At the dawn on the lawn the yawning drowned man began to frown.拂晓时在草坪上,打呵欠的溺水者开始皱眉头.
US [lɑ:n] noun countable or uncountable
 ADVANCED
■an area of grass, especially near to a house or in a park, which is cut regularly to keep it short （尤指房屋附近或公园的）草地，草坪
• Will you mow the lawn at the weekend? 周末你修剪一下草坪好吗？
pasture, lawn, meadow
这组词都有“草地”的意思，其区别是：
pasture: 通常指放牧用的草地或牧草。
lawn: 多指公园、庭院中经常加以修剪的草坪。
meadow: 指为牲畜提供食用草，可以贮备干草的牧草地；也指野外的低草地。
n. [建] 草地；草坪
 - grass, meadow

Word: industrialisation
Front: industrialisation
[ɪndʌstrɪəlaɪzeɪ'ʃən] (-/13034)
Back: n. 工业化
分布：工业化(100%)

Word: hallmark
Front: hallmark
[ˈhɔ:lmɑ:k] (托宝 8292/11245 -1)
Vocabulary: hallmark
(once / 5752 pages)
n
A hallmark is a distinctive characteristic of something or someone. That can mean a literal symbol on the bottom of a piece of pottery, or just a rock star's signature hair style.
Though some products have real hallmarks on them, indicating their creator or origin, this word is usually used in a less literal way to describe a unique attribute, a special style, or typical feature. A basketball player could say that coming to practice early is a hallmark of her success. A business could say their success is a hallmark of their commitment to customers. And you could definitely say Elvis' hip swivel was a hallmark of his performances.
WORD FAMILY
hallmark: hallmarks
USAGE EXAMPLES
With all the hallmarks of a village inn, The Flask is very close to Highgate Cemetery - the burial place of Karl Marx.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Another Apple hallmark — elegant design — is also a core value.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Every Christmas season the two Hallmark Channels release or replay a familiar holiday script.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 检验印记; 特点，标志; 质量证明
vt. 给…盖上品质证明印记; 使具有…标志
分布：标志(73%)，特征(23%)，标纯度(2%)，纯度标记(2%)
→来自Goldsmith’s Hall in London,伦敦金器所，18世纪伦敦的金器银器官方权威评测机构，mark,标记。即金银纯度标记，引申词义特征，特点。
明显标志,特征(hall大+mark→大标志)[mark=sign,表示"记号,符号"]
【记】mark（n 标志；分数；记号）
【反】uncharacteristic feature（无特点的标志）
US ['hɑ:l.mɑ:rk] noun countable
MARK 印记
■in the UK, an official mark put on objects made of gold or silver which shows their place and year of origin and the purity of the metal used to make them （英国金银制品上表示产地、生产日期和纯度的）纯度印记
UK ['hɔ:l.mɑ:k] US ['hɑ:l.mɑ:rk] noun countable
CHARACTERISTIC 特征
■a typical characteristic or feature of a person or thing 特征，特点
• Simplicity is a hallmark of this design. 简洁是该设计的一个特点。
• This explosion bears/has all the hallmarks of (= is extremely likely to have been) a terrorist attack. 这次爆炸带有恐怖袭击的所有特征。
UK ['hɔ:l.mɑ:k] US ['hɑ:l.mɑ:rk] verb transitive
■to put an official mark on an object made of gold or silver 给…打上纯度印记
n. 特点；品质证明
 - trait, distinguishing feature

Word: peanut
Front: peanut
[ˈpi:nʌt] (研 4627/9789 -1)
Vocabulary: peanut
(once / 1595 pages)
1n 2n 3adj
A peanut is a plant that grows pods containing seeds that are also known as peanuts. You may think of peanuts as nuts, but they're actually legumes.
Despite the deceptive name peanut, this plant is more closely related to peas than it is to almonds and hazelnuts. Peanuts are an important food crop around the world, in the form of oil, flour, peanut butter, and roasted, whole peanuts. Peanuts were originally called "ground nuts," and despite their popularity, they're also known for being inexpensive — thus peanuts also informally means "a very small amount of money."
WORD FAMILY
peanut: peanuts
USAGE EXAMPLES
In addition to the peanut drop, organizers say there will be several other events downtown to celebrate the new year, beginning at 6 p.m.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Bright lights, bowls of peanuts and small talk with the neighbours?
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
He believes there are around 300 people in the tribe, who farm bananas, sweet potato, manioc and peanuts, as well as hunting and fishing.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 花生; 微不足道的人，小人物; 很少的钱
adj. 微不足道的
分布：花生(100%)
→pea,豌豆，nut,坚果。
n.花生The button utters in mutter, "The butterfly likes the buttered earthnut/peanut."按钮咕哝着发出声音说:"蝴蝶喜欢涂了奶油的花生."
noun
NUT 果仁
 ADVANCED countable (UK specialized also groundnut)
■an oval-shaped nut that grows underground in pairs inside a thin brown shell 花生，花生米
• peanut/groundnut oil 花生油
• salted/dry-roast(ed) peanuts 咸花生／干炒花生
['pi:.nʌt] noun
LITTLE MONEY 钱少
peanuts [plural] informal
■something so small it is not worth considering, especially a sum of money 无甚价值之物；（尤指）一小笔钱
• They pay people peanuts in that organization. 那家机构给的酬金微不足道。
n. [食品] [作物] 花生
 - arachi, earthpea

Word: malign
Front: malign
[məˈlaɪn] (研托宝 19612/22114 -1)
Vocabulary: malign
(once / 1509 pages)
vadj
If you malign someone, you badmouth them — just like the jilted girlfriend who tells the whole school her ex has bad breath and head lice.
When you habitually malign people, you risk being described as "a malign influence" — in this case, malign is an adjective that describes a harmful or even evil person or thing. Whichever way you use the word, its connection to wickedness can be found in its Latin root, malignus, "wicked or bad-natured," which combines male, or "badly" and -gnus, "born."
WORD FAMILY
malign: maligned, maligner, maligning, malignity, malignly, malignment, maligns+/maligner: maligners/malignity: malignities
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the Baltic states, cyberhacking is only one of many tactics that Russia uses for malign influence.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Private-sector talent and experience are desperately needed but maligned when recruited.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
Some researchers say Mexico was unfairly maligned in the U.S. election.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: vt. 污蔑，诽谤; 中伤，说坏话
adj. 恶性的，恶意的; 有害的
时态：maligned, maligning, maligns
分布：诽谤(27%)，有害的(22%)，恶性的(20%)，中伤(18%)，说坏话(9%)，有恶意的(4%)
→mal-,坏的，不良的，-gn,出生，词源同gene,generate.字面意思即出生就坏的，引申词义诽谤，中伤等。
【记】mal坏，ign
【参】benign（adj 良性的；仁慈的）
【反】extol（v 赞美）；laud（n /v 赞美）
adjective formal
■causing or intending to cause harm or evil 恶意的；邪恶的；有害的
• Foreign domination had a malign influence on local politics. 外国统治对当地政治造成了不良的影响。
• She describes pornography as 'a malign industry'. 她将色情业描述为“邪恶的产业”。
[mə'laɪn] verb transitive often passive
■to say false and unpleasant things about someone or to unfairly criticize them 诽谤，污蔑，中伤
• She has recently been maligned in the gossip columns of several newspapers. 她最近受到几家报纸漫谈专栏的污蔑。
• Much- maligned for their derivative style, the band are nevertheless enduringly popular. 尽管屡屡被指责抄袭他人的风格，这支乐队仍一直广受欢迎。
vt. 诽谤，污蔑；中伤，说坏话
 - wrong, asperse
adj. 恶意的，恶性的；有害的
 - harmful, evil, vicious

Word: plateau
Front: plateau
[ˈplætəʊ] (研六托雅宝 8339/8761 -1)
Vocabulary: plateau
(once / 750 pages)
n
A plateau is a high, flat area of land. The word has also been stretched to include a leveling off of progress. At first the children at the sleepover were running wild, but then their energy level reached a plateau.
You can see the word plate inside plateau. Think flat like a plate, or think about mountains that look like tables you could set with plates–-so flat the plates won't fall off. If you're a French speaker, this will be easier, as plateau derives from the French plat, "level."
WORD FAMILY
plateau: plateaus, plateaux
USAGE EXAMPLES
But this plateau is a very good start.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
“No ligament damage. On the MRI there were two lit up spots that was the bone bruise on the tibial plateau.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
On Sunday, Manning completed his 4,000th career pass, becoming one of only seven NFL quarterbacks to reach that plateau.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 高原; 平稳时期，稳定水平; 停滞期
v. 进入停滞期; 达到平稳状态
分布：高原(97%)，稳定状态(1%)，平稳(1%)，到达平稳阶段(1%)
→来自法语plateau,高原，平地，来自plat,平的，展开，词源同plate,plan.-eau,小词后缀，对应-ille.引申词义水平，稳定期，停滞期等。
平顶;高原(plat+eau表名词→平坦地)[plat=flat,表示"平坦"]
n.高原,平稳状态[时期]The inflated balloon indicates a latent inflation on the plateau.膨胀的气球对高原指示潜在的通货膨胀.
【记】plat平；eau高一又高又平的高原
【参】platform（n 站台）
【反】slope（n 斜坡）
US [plæt'oʊ] noun countable (UK plural plateaux or US ALSO plateaus)
FLAT LAND 平地
■a large flat area of land that is high above sea level 高原
UK ['plæt.əʊ] US [plæt'oʊ] noun countable (UK plural plateaux or US ALSO plateaus)
NO CHANGE 没有变化
■a period during which there are no large changes 平稳期；停滞期
• The US death rate reached a plateau in the 1960s, before declining suddenly. 美国的死亡率在20世纪60年代进入平稳阶段后突然下降。
UK ['plæt.əʊ] US [plæt'oʊ] verb intransitive
■to reach a particular level and then stay the same 稳定；停滞
• I'd been losing about a pound a week on my diet, but recently I've plateaued and haven't lost an ounce. 我藉节食减肥，体重每周减轻一磅左右，但最近体重稳定下来，一磅也没少。
• The economic slowdown has caused our sales to plateau. 经济发展减缓，导致我们的产品销量停滞不前。
n. [地理] 高原；稳定水平；托盘；平顶女帽
 - altiplano, high land
vi. 达到平衡；达到稳定时期
 - level out

Word: thrash
Front: thrash
[θræʃ] (六宝 11448/8770 -1)
Vocabulary: thrash
(once / 969 pages)
1vn 2v 3v
When you thrash someone, you beat them — literally, with your fists, or figuratively, by winning a game or competition.
You can describe your game plan for a chess match this way: "I plan to thrash that show-off in just ten moves." You can also threaten to physically thrash someone, like a neighborhood bully who's been known to thrash much smaller kids. Thrash was originally a sixteenth-century variation on the word thresh, which means to separate grain from wheat or another plant by beating it.
WORD FAMILY
thrash: thrashed, thrasher, thrashes, thrashing+/thrasher: thrashers/thrashing: thrashings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The turbo-four uses an iron engine block, as opposed to aluminum, which helps knock down engine noise and thrash.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
“It was almost breathtaking,” he said of that Fiesta Bowl scene when Utah thrashed Pitt, 35-7.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
An overseas thrashing usually sends English cricket into a period of introspection.
BBC(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: vt. 打（谷等）使脱粒; 猛烈摆动; （用棍、鞭等）痛打，责打; 彻底打败
vi. 打谷，脱粒; 猛烈摆动; 拍打; 徒劳地努力，白忙
n. 打谷; 拍打; [泳]（自由式用脚，手）打水; [航]逆行
时态：thrashed, thrashing, thrashes
分布：鞭打(45%)，彻底击败(25%)，痛打(18%)，抽打(12%)
→来自 thresh 拼写变体，词义由打谷引申为棒打，鞭打，多用于指打人。
【记】th死，rash（adj 轻率匆忙的；卤莽的）：鲁莽的把人弄死，是因为鞭打。源于：thresh（v 脱粒；反复的打击）
verb
HIT 打
transitive
■to hit a person or animal hard many times as a punishment （作为惩罚）毒打，痛打
• His father used to thrash him when he was a boy. 当他还是孩子时，他的父亲经常鞭打他。
• He thrashed the horse with his whip. 他用鞭子狠狠抽这匹马。
[θræʃ] verb
MOVE 移动
intransitive
■to move from side to side in a violent or uncontrolled way 猛烈摆动；剧烈扭动；翻腾
• He was screaming and thrashing around on the floor. 他大喊大叫，在地上翻滚。
[θræʃ] verb
DEFEAT 打败
transitive informal
■to defeat someone thoroughly in a game or sports competition （比赛中）彻底击败
• We thrashed the visiting team 6-0. 我们以6比0大败客队。
[θræʃ] verb
REMOVE SEEDS 去除种子
intransitive or transitive
■to thresh 打谷；脱粒
[θræʃ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] thrash sth out informal
■to discuss a problem in detail until you reach an agreement or find a solution 彻底讨论（直到找到解决办法）；透过反覆商讨解决
• If we've got an important decision to make, we sometimes spend a whole day thrashing it out in a meeting. 当我们要作重大决策时，有时会开一整天的会来商定。
strike, beat, hit, thrash, whip
这组词都有“打”的意思，其区别是：
strike: 普通用词，多指急速或突然一次猛击。
beat: 普通用词，含义广泛，指连续打击。游戏、竞赛或战争中作打败解。
hit: 普通用词，常与strike换用，侧重有目标的猛击，强调用力击中。
thrash: 侧重指用棍子或鞭子等痛打。
whip: 多指用鞭子抽打。
vt. 打；使逆行
 - strike, beat upon
vi. 打谷；白忙；猛烈摆动
 - thresh
n. 打谷；逆风浪行进；踢水动作
 - thresh

Word: racket
Front: racket
[ˈrækɪt] (研四六雅 9912/8857 -1)
Vocabulary: racket
(once / 1264 pages)
1nv 2nv 3n
If you're carrying a racket and wearing a sporty visor, people will guess that you're on your way to play tennis. A racket has a handle and a rounded frame laced with strings, and it's used to hit a ball.
A racket is used to play tennis, badminton, or squash, and it can also be spelled racquet. Another definition of racket is an unpleasantly loud noise; if your neighbors were playing horrible, loud music, you could yell out the window, "Stop that racket!" Informally, the word racket also means "illegal scheme," especially for making money. The French word requette means "palm of the hand," and racquet originally referred to a tennis-like game played by hitting a ball with the hand.
WORD FAMILY
racket: racketed, racketeer, racketing, rackets, racketted, racketting, rackety+/ racketeer: racketeered, racketeering, racketeers/rackety: racketiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
But a game ended on Cousins’s racket again, and he didn’t finish off the moment.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Militants ran protection rackets, and local government corruption was rampant.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
It will likely increasingly fall back on other methods like kidnapping for ransom and running protection rackets, the officials said.
Seattle Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. （网球等）球拍; 〈美俚〉勒索金钱，讹诈，敲诈，骗局; （四周有围墙的）拍打回力网球，硬壁回力球; 喧骚，吵闹，嚷闹，扰嚷，喧骚嘈杂的集会，狂欢
v. 嚷闹，吵闹，纵情欢闹; 用球拍打
分布：球拍(81%)，喧闹(11%)，花天酒地(3%)，敲诈(3%)，职业(2%)
→拟声词，模仿叽叽喳喳的声音，并由此引申词义混水摸鱼，放烟雾弹，诈骗等。
n.球拍,喧闹vi.喧闹vt.用球拍打I packed the jackets and rackets into packets with the sacks.我们用袋子将夹克和球拍打成小包.
noun
SPORT 体育
 ADVANCED (also racquet) countable
■a net fixed tightly to an oval frame with a long handle, used in various sports for hitting a ball 球拍
• a tennis/squash/badminton racket 网球／壁球／羽毛球球拍
['ræk.ɪt] noun
NOISE 噪音
only singular informal
■an unpleasant loud continuous noise 喧哗；吵闹声；连续不断的喧嚷
• They were making such a racket outside that I couldn't get to sleep. 他们一直在外面大吵大闹，弄得我根本睡不着。
['ræk.ɪt] noun
CRIME 犯罪
countable usually singular informal
■a dishonest or illegal activity that makes money 勒索；诈骗；敲诈
• They were jailed for running a protection/prostitution racket. 他们因为勒索保护费／做拉皮条的勾当而被监禁。
⇒ See also protection
countable usually singular disapproving
■a way of making a large unfair profit 诈骗行为；暴利行为
• Telephone chat lines are a real racket. 电话聊天热线纯属暴利行为。
n. 球拍；吵闹，喧闹
 - row, sound

Word: assuage
Front: assuage
[əˈsweɪdʒ] (托宝 16696/19113)
Vocabulary: assuage
(once / 2941 pages)
v
If you assuage an unpleasant feeling, you make it go away. Assuaging your hunger by eating a bag of marshmallows may cause you other unpleasant feelings.
The most common things that we assuage are fears, concerns, guilt, grief, anxiety, and anger. That makes a lot of sense — these are all things we seek relief from. The word comes from Old French assouagier, from the Latin root suavis, "sweet" — think of adding a bit of honey to something unpleasant. A word with a similar meaning is mollify.
WORD FAMILY
assuage: assuaged, assuagement, assuages, assuaging+/assuagement: assuagements
USAGE EXAMPLES
A surplus of points did nothing to assuage angst about the playoff, then the playoff results only confirmed the prior nerves.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
She would stay up past midnight fielding their requests and, future permitting, assuaging their concerns.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
In the upcoming confirmation hearing, he’s likely to try to highlight his concern for civil rights to assuage concerns of his Democratic colleagues.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: vt. 减轻; 缓和; 平息; 使安静
n. 缓和，减轻; 减轻…的人
时态：assuaged, assuaging, assuages
分布：减轻(53%)，缓和(45%)，镇定(2%)
→前缀as- 同ad-. 词根suav, 甜，同sweet, persuade.
【记】1）suage甜－变甜－缓和，减轻2）ass帮助，age老人－帮助老人减轻痛苦
【参】suave（adj 温和的，讨好人的）
【反】gall（vt 使烦恼）；intensify（vt 加强，强化）；inflame（vt 激怒，使兴奋）；harrow（vt 使痛苦）；exacerbate（vt 恶化；激怒）
formal
verb transitive
■to make unpleasant feelings less strong 缓和；减轻；平息
• The government has tried to assuage the public's fears. 政府努力消除公众的恐慌。
vt. 平息；缓和；减轻
 - relax, moderate

Word: unionised

Word: untouched
Front: untouched
[ʌnˈtʌtʃt] (托 9030/8408 -1)
Vocabulary: untouched
(once / 1055 pages)
adj
Something untouched has literally not been touched (like the untouched spinach on your plate), or has not been emotionally moved (like the hardened criminal who remains untouched throughout his victim's testimony).
If you're not moved to some emotion, you're untouched, and if your dog doesn't eat his dinner, you'll see an untouched bowl of kibble still sitting there in the morning. You might find it hard to remain untouched by the fresh, white, untouched snow. This adjective comes from touched, which can mean "emotionally moved" or "physically affected." Add the "not" prefix un-, and you get untouched.
WORD FAMILY
touched: untouched +/ retouch: retouched, retouches, retouching/ touch: retouch, touchable, touched, toucher, touches, touching/touchable: untouchable/toucher: touchers/touching: touchingly, touchings/untouchable: untouchables, untouchably
USAGE EXAMPLES
Dalrymple’s budget proposed transferring earnings to the general fund but leaving the principal untouched.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
One marker of legitimacy remained untouched, however: a berth in the Rose Bowl.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Which is to say: The traditional recipes stay untouched, while new treats are constantly being developed, sampled and sold.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 未触动过的; 原样的; 未被论及的; 无动于衷的
分布：未受影响的(40%)，未触及的(40%)，未开发的(20%)
adjective
■not changed or spoilt in any way 未改变的；原封未动的；未受破坏的
• Most of the east coast remains mercifully untouched by tourism. 幸运的是，东海岸的大部分地区还没受到旅游业的侵扰。
■If food is untouched, it has not been eaten （食物）未动过的
• She took a few spoonfuls of soup but left her main course untouched. 她喝了几勺汤，却没有动过主菜。
adj. 未受影响的；未改变的；未触动过的；不受感动的
 - unchanged, uninfluenced

Word: autocrat
Front: autocrat
[ˈɔ:təkræt] (托宝 26254/33435)
Vocabulary: autocrat
(once / 1383 pages)
n
An autocrat is another name for a dictator, someone who wields absolute power and uses it in a cruel and despotic manner.
This is a word for cruel, oppressive dictators. Hitler and Stalin were historic autocrats. In more recent times, dictators such as Saddam Hussein and Qaddafi were autocrats. From autocrat, we get the word autocratic, for anyone behaving like a dictator. Unfortunately, through history, there have been many autocrats: leaders who didn't give their people a say in their regime and killed their enemies. You might call your boss, parent, or teacher an autocrat, but that's probably an exaggeration.
WORD FAMILY
autocrat: autocracy, autocratic, autocrats+/ autocracy: autocracies/ autocratic: autocratically
USAGE EXAMPLES
More important, Mr. Trump and his team seem to understand that Americans are angry at Mr. Obama’s tendency to rule like an autocrat.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 22, 2016)
So, characteristically, an autocrat inflates his place in history.
The New Yorker(Dec 22, 2016)
Mr. Putin’s toxic blend of authoritarianism and assertive nationalism is gaining adherents across Europe and inspiring autocrats around the world.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 独裁统治者; 独断专行的人
分布：独裁者(100%)
→前缀auto-, 自己的。词根crat, 管理者。
独裁者(auto自己+crat)[cracy=rule,表示"统治或政体";crat=ruler,表示"统治者"]
【记】auto自己，crat统治－自己统治－独裁者
【参】autocratic[SAT]（adj 独裁专制的）；autocracy（n 独裁政府）；democracy（n 民主主义）；aristocracy（n 贵族统治）
US ['ɑ:.tˌə-] noun countable
■a ruler with unlimited power, or someone who demands that people totally obey them 独裁者；专制者；独断专行的人；专横的人
n. 独裁者，专制君主；独断独行的人
 - dictator, autarch

Word: firebrand
Front: firebrand
[ˈfaɪəbrænd] (宝 24190/34319)
Vocabulary: firebrand
(once / 4610 pages)
1n 2n
When someone is known for being wildly devoted to a cause or idea, they're called a firebrand. A firebrand enjoys pushing buttons and stirring up passions.
Firebrand isn't such a tough word to remember if you think of that person's "brand" being "fiery." Someone who enjoys heating up the debate around a subject or lighting a fire under other people is a firebrand. "Fire" is their "brand." Firebrands come in all shapes and sizes: conservative, liberal, militant, creative. Anyone who takes a strong, provocative stance and challenges people with heated rhetoric might be labeled a firebrand. All it takes is guts and a willingness to stir things up.
WORD FAMILY
firebrand: firebrands
USAGE EXAMPLES
"They will be held accountable for their actions. They will face the full force of the law," the firebrand leader said.
Reuters(Dec 17, 2016)
She is a young firebrand with a stronger commitment to the ideology of the old National Front.
Washington Post(Dec 13, 2016)
The relative lack of bombthrowers and firebrands in Trump’s populist mould is in part a tribute to his surprise victory.
The Guardian(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. 火把; 燃烧的木柴; 放火者; 煽动叛乱者
分布：火把(45%)，煽动者(43%)，在燃烧的木柴(12%)
→即挥动火把的人，比喻煽风点火。
【记】fire，brand（n 商标；燃烧的木头）
US ['faɪr-] noun countable
■a person who causes political or social trouble by opposing authority and encouraging others to do so 挑动政治争端者；煽动闹事者
n. 火把；煽动叛乱者；放火者
 - torch

Word: kohl
Front: kohl
[kəʊl] (35387/8353)
Back: n. 化妆墨，眼影粉
分布：化妆墨(80%)，眼睑粉(20%)
→来自阿拉伯语kuhl,眼影粉，词源同alcohol.
US [koʊl] noun uncountable
■a dark substance which people put around their eyes, especially the edge of their eyelids , to make them more attractive 眼圈墨，眼影粉
• a kohl pencil 眼线笔

Word: goody
Front: goody
[ˈgʊdi] (26150/13848 -1)
Vocabulary: goody
(once / 2676 pages)
n
A goody is a special treat, especially one you can eat. Sometimes kids judge the quality of a birthday party by the goody bag they leave with.
When you're a kid, a highlight of other people's birthday parties is the goody bag, a gift of small toys and edible treats. If you celebrate Christmas, you probably get goodies in your stocking, and for Easter some lucky children receive baskets full of goodies. Goody, which since the 18th century has meant "something tasty," can also be used as an exclamation meaning "hooray:" "Oh goody, it's the ice cream man!"
WORD FAMILY
goody: goodies
USAGE EXAMPLES
To open a roster spot, New York designated right-hander Nick Goody for assignment.
Washington Times(Dec 15, 2016)
At this meeting, shareholders enjoy a free and unhurried breakfast of gourmet pastries and tropical fruit and receive a goody bag filled with luxury cosmetics.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 12, 2016)
Christmas Day is very relaxed – all the usual goodies for dinner, and a walk around the local countryside.
The Guardian(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 美味的甜食; <古>身份低微之老妇
int. 太好啦（多用于小孩高兴时）; 感伤的
adj. 〈口〉伪善的
分布：伪善者(25%)，这实在太好了(25%)，想要的东西(25%)，甜食(25%)
→儿语，来自good, 好的，好吃的。
noun informal
PLEASANT THING 令人愉快的东西
countable usually plural
■an object which people want or enjoy, often something nice to eat 吸引人的东西；合意的东西；（常指）好吃的东西
• All the children were given a bag of goodies - mostly sweets and toys. 所有的小朋友都得到一包好东西——主要是糖果和玩具。
['gʊd.i] noun informal
PERSON 人
countable
■someone, especially in a film or story, who is good （尤指电影或故事中的）好人，正面人物
• It's one of those films where you don't know until the last moment who are the goodies and who are the baddies. 这部电影属于那种你要看到最后才知道谁是好人谁是坏蛋的片子。
['gʊd.i] exclamation (old-fashioned goody gumdrops) informal or child's word
■used to show pleasure （表示快乐）好啊，太好了
• Oh goody! Chocolate cake. 嘿，太好了！巧克力蛋糕。
n. 糖果；身份低微之老妇；吸引人的东西；伪君子
 - sweet, confection
adj. 感伤的；伪善的；假正经的
 - melting, sentimental

Word: petrochemical
Front: petrochemical
[ˌpetrəʊˈkemɪkl] (19798/23136 -1)
Back: n. 石油化学产品
adj. 石油化学的; 岩石化学的
分布：石油化学制品(100%)
→petro-,石油的，chemical,化工产品。
US [-roʊ-] noun countable
■any chemical substance obtained from petroleum or natural gas 石（油）化（学）制品
• the petrochemical industry 石（油）化（学）工业
adj. 石化的
 - fossilized
n. 石油化学产品
 - petroleum chemistry

Word: plaster
Front: plaster
[ˈplɑ:stə(r)] (研四六托雅宝 8240/6048 -1)
Vocabulary: plaster
(once / 589 pages)
1nv 2nv
Plaster is a building material that's applied as a wet paste and dries very hard and smooth. The walls inside your house might be made of plaster.
New houses typically have interior walls made of drywall, rather than plaster, but older homes usually have many plaster surfaces. Plaster starts as a mixture of lime, gypsum, sand, or cement that's mixed with water. This soft substance is applied to surfaces where it hardens — either for walls, works of art, or as casts used to hold broken bones steady. In Britain, a plaster is also a sticky bandage, while an American would call this a Band-Aid.
WORD FAMILY
plaster: plastered, plasterer, plastering, plasters+/plasterer: plasterers/plastering: plasterings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Using cardboard, plaster, papier-mâché and tempera paints, Greely, 37, builds flimsy vignettes that seem to spring from a grade-schooler’s imagination.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Its central whodunit involves half a dozen plaster busts of former Prime Minister Margaret “Iron Lady” Thatcher.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Ancient bricks, mortar and plaster aren’t the only targets here, however.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 灰泥，涂墙泥; 石膏; 膏药
vt. 涂以灰泥; 在…上敷贴膏药; 减轻; 黏贴
时态：plastered, plastering, plasters
分布：石膏(65%)，灰泥(22%)，膏药(10%)，涂以灰泥(1%)，敷以膏药(1%)，使 ... 平(1%)
→来自拉丁语plastrum,灰泥，石膏，来自希腊语plastos,形成的，铺平的，来自plassein,形成，铺开，来自pele,展开，放平，词源同plan,plain.
膏药[plas=mold(模式)]
n.灰泥;熟石膏;膏药I tasted the paste in haste and cast it on the waste plaster.我匆忙品尝了浆糊然后将其丢在废泥灰上.
US ['plæs.tɚ] noun
SUBSTANCE 物质
uncountable
■a substance which becomes hard as it dries and is used especially for spreading on walls and ceilings in order to give a smooth surface 灰泥，灰浆
• The plaster on the walls was cracked and flaking. 墙上的灰泥出现了裂缝，正在剥落。
⇒ See also plasterboard
in plaster UK (US in a cast)
■If a part of your body is in plaster, it has a plaster cast (= protective covering) around it to protect it while the bone heals 打着石膏
• My leg was in plaster for about six weeks. 我的腿打了六周左右的石膏。
UK ['plɑ:.stər] US ['plæs.tɚ] noun
STICKY MATERIAL 黏性物质
countable or uncountable UK (UK also sticking plaster) (US trademark Band-Aid)
■a small piece of sticky material used to cover and protect a cut in the skin 膏药，创可贴
• a box of waterproof plasters 一盒防水创可贴
• Put a plaster on it so that it doesn't get infected. 在上面贴上创可贴，这样就不会感染了。
UK ['plɑ:.stər] US ['plæs.tɚ] verb
transitive
■to spread plaster on a surface （用灰泥）抹，粉刷
transitive + adverb or preposition
■to make something stick in a flat smooth layer 使紧贴，使黏贴
• The torrential rain had plastered her hair to her head. 暴雨使她的头发紧贴在头上。
transitive usually + adverb or preposition informal
■to cover a surface or an object with something completely or thickly 大量张贴，贴满
• She had plastered her bedroom walls with photos of pop stars. 她的卧室墙上贴满了流行歌手的照片。
• The car was plastered with mud. 汽车沾满泥泞。
• The story was plastered all over (= printed so that it completely covered) the front page of the newspaper. 这则报道完全占据了报纸的头版。
n. 石膏；灰泥；膏药
 - plaister, gypse
vt. 减轻；粘贴；涂以灰泥；敷以膏药；使平服
 - stick, moderate

Word: separatism
Front: separatism
['seprətɪzəm] (20092/24877)
Back: n. 分离主义
分布：分离主义(100%)
US [-ɚ.ə.tˌɪ-] noun uncountable
■the belief held by a racial, religious or other group within a country that they should be independent and have their own government or in some way live apart from other people 分裂主义，分离主义
• Basque separatism 巴斯克分裂主义
n. 分离主义
 - secessionism

Word: spine
Front: spine
[spaɪn] (研托 4904/4409 -2)
Back: n. 脊柱; 脊椎; （动植物的）刺; 书脊
分布：脊柱(53%)，脊椎(37%)，书脊(9%)，尖刺(1%)
→来自拉丁语 spina,脊柱，脊椎，尖刺，来自 spei,刺，尖刺，词源同 spike,spire.
刺;勇气;脊椎[spin=thorn,表示"刺"]
n.脊柱,脊椎;(动植物的)刺;书脊He broke his spine in a fall from a horse.他从马上跌下摔断了脊梁骨.
noun countable
BONE 骨
 ADVANCED
■the line of bones down the centre of the back that provides support for the body and protects the spinal cord 脊柱；脊椎
• She injured her spine in a riding accident. 她在一次坠马事故中脊椎受伤。
• figurative The Apennine mountains form the spine (= central row of mountains) of Italy. 亚平宁山脉是义大利的中心山脉。
[spaɪn] noun countable
POINT 尖
■a long sharp point like a needle growing out of an animal such as a hedgehog or a plant such as a cactus （刺猬等动物的）刺毛；（仙人掌等植物的）刺
[spaɪn] noun countable
BOOK PART 书的部分
■the narrow strip where the cover of a book is joined to the pages, usually with the title and writer's name printed on it 书背
n. [解剖] 脊柱，脊椎； [生物] 刺； [印刷] [图情] 书脊
 - backbone, spinal column

Word: tremendous
Front: tremendous
[trəˈmendəs] (研四六托雅宝 2768/3501 -3)
Vocabulary: tremendous
(once / 218 pages)
adj
Tremendous means extraordinarily large in size, extent, amount, power, or degree. It can also mean really marvelous and fantastic — or really awful and terrible.
We often use tremendous if something is super wonderful. If someone comes into your office and tells you you just won a big contract and are getting a huge bonus, you might exclaim, “Tremendous!” Tremendous comes from the Latin for "trembling," and is connected with fear. Something tremendous can be big in a terrifying way, like the tremendous noise of an approaching hurricane, or a tremendous tidal wave about to crash on the shore.
WORD FAMILY
tremendous: tremendousest, tremendously
USAGE EXAMPLES
“China became quite aware that even in their ‘legal market’ there was tremendous laundering through an illegal system,” Ms. Lieberman said.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“There’s a tremendous amount of nervousness in the meteorology and climatology community,” Mass said.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
She said they are grateful for the tremendous community support, from people who donated change to those who helped with substantial contributions.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 极大的，巨大的; 可怕的，惊人的; 极好的
分布：巨大的(83%)，惊人的(17%)
→来自拉丁语 tremere,颤抖，恐惧，词源同 tremble.-end,动名词格，-ous,形容词后缀。引申词 义巨大的，极大的。
惊人的,可怕的(trem+end+ous→[让人]颤抖的→可怕的)[trem=quiver,表示"颤抖"]
a.巨大的,极大的The tenderer surrendered her tremendously slender tender fingers.投标者交出了她异常纤细娇嫩的手指.
adjective
 IMPROVER
■very great in amount or level, or extremely good 巨大的；极好的
• They were making the most tremendous amount of noise last night. 昨晚他们弄出的噪声震天响。
• She's been a tremendous (= very great) help to me over the last few months. 过去几个月里，她给我的帮助极大。
• You won? That's tremendous! 你赢了？太棒了！
tremendous, colossal, huge, gigantic, massive, vast, enormous, immense, giant
这组词都有“巨大的，庞大的”的意思，其区别是：
tremendous: 指某物很大，大得惊人；也可用作引申意义。
colossal: 侧重尺寸、规模和体积的无比巨大。
huge: 含义广，强调体积或容积的庞大。也可用于引申意义。
gigantic: 指面积或体积的巨大，但多用于引申意义。
massive: 指大的体积、数量和重量，侧重庞大而笨重。
vast: 多指空间、面积、范围的巨大，不涉及重量。
enormous: 指体积、数量或程度远远超过一般标准。
immense: 正式用词，侧重空间的广阔，也指面积或分量的巨大。
giant: 非正式用词，多为褒义。指如巨人般的庞大体积。
adj. 极大的，巨大的；惊人的
 - huge, enormous, massive, macro, vast

Word: tomb
Front: tomb
[tu:m] (高研四六 6183/6130 -1)
Vocabulary: tomb
(once / 211 pages)
n
A tomb is a place where a dead person is buried. Usually, a tomb is under a tombstone, which says the name of the person who died and when they lived.
We're all going to die, and that means we're all going to end up in some type of tomb: a place where a corpse is buried. Over time, there have been many types of tombs, including the huge, ornate, elaborate tombs of the Egyptians. Other tombs are simpler, involving the simple burial of a box or the cremated remains.
WORD FAMILY
tomb: entomb, tombs+/entomb: entombed, entombing, entombment, entombs/entombment: entombments
USAGE EXAMPLES
For every hit like “Mortal Combat” or “Lara Croft: Tomb Raider,” there are a slew of duds such as “Warcraft” and “Prince of Persia.”
Time(Jan 01, 2017)
For every hit like "Mortal Combat" or "Lara Croft: Tomb Raider," there are a slew of duds such as "Warcraft" and "Prince of Persia."
Reuters(Jan 01, 2017)
In the tombs of queens were found troves of gold and jewelry.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 坟墓; 墓穴; 墓碑; 死亡
v. 埋葬
分布：坟墓(88%)，埋葬(12%)
→来自古法语 tombe,坟墓，纪念碑，来自希腊语 tymbos,坟墓，石冢，可能来自 teue,鼓起， 隆起，词源同 tumid,thigh.
n.坟,冢The comb is combined with a bomb in the tomb.梳子和坟墓里的炸弹结合在一起.
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a large stone structure or underground room where someone, especially an important person, is buried （尤指重要人物的）坟墓，陵墓，冢
tomb, grave, vault
这组词都有“坟墓，墓穴”的意思，其区别是：
tomb: 语气比grave庄重，指有建筑工程的坟墓，可在地上，也可在地下。
grave: 一般的土墓，指埋葬尸体的场所。
vault: 指地下存放尸体或棺材的地方，也指用混凝土预制的墓穴。
n. 坟墓；死亡
 - death, end
vt. 埋葬
 - bury, entomb

Word: vitamin
Front: vitamin
[ˈvɪtəmɪn] (研四六 3715/4866 -3)
Vocabulary: vitamin
(once / 2129 pages)
n
A vitamin is an organic substance your body needs to keep working properly. Vitamins are important to health.
Your body needs food and water to stay alive, but it also needs vitamins to work properly. You get some Vitamin D from the sun, and lots of Vitamin C from citrus fruits such as oranges. Without vitamins, your immune system can weaken. Many people take vitamins in pill form to help them stay healthy. The word vitamin — originally vitamine — was coined by scientist Casimir Funk in the early 1900s. He combined vita, Latin for "life," with amine, from amino acids.
WORD FAMILY
vitamin: multivitamin, vitaminise, vitaminize, vitamins+/ multivitamin: multivitamins/vitaminize: vitaminized
USAGE EXAMPLES
Q. Are decreasing levels of vitamin B12 in old age related to the insomnia from which so many older people suffer?
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
They shop online at UkusiBalkana.com for small luxuries from home, including Eurocrem, a Serbian chocolate spread, and Cedevita, a Croatian orange vitamin drink.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Ingredients like potassium, electrolytes, milk thistle, vitamin B-12 and green tea and caffeine extracts process the toxins inherent in alcohol.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 维生素; 维他命
na. “vitamine“的变体
分布：维生素(100%)
→最早写做vitamine,来自vit-,生命，-amine,氨。后证实这种物质不属于氨基，因此字母e脱落。
维生素(vit+a+min素→生命要素→维生素)[vivvitvig=life,表示"生命"]
n.维生素The contaminated vital vitamin made racial discrimination come to culmination.被污染的重要维他命使种族歧视达到极点.
US ['vaɪ.tˌə-] noun countable
 IMPROVER
■any of a group of natural substances which are necessary in small amounts for the growth and good health of the body 维生素；维他命
• a vitamin pill 维生素片
• Oranges are full of vitamin C. 柳橙富含维生素。
n. [生化] 维生素；维他命
 - thiamine hydrochloride

Word: underscore
Front: underscore
[ˌʌndəˈskɔ:(r)] (托宝 5841/19615 -1)
Vocabulary: underscore
(once / 2354 pages)
vn
To underscore is to draw special attention to a fact, idea, or situation. When you're involved in a debate, it’s wise to underscore the points that best support your argument.
Literally, underscore means “to underline,” or draw a line beneath a word to emphasize it. In common speech, to underscore something is to call attention to it. If a worker sustained an injury on the job, for instance, the event would underscore the need for workplace safety. Underscore is also used to mean "emphasize." During a job interview, you want to underscore any experience that relates to the job you are applying for.
WORD FAMILY
underscore: underscored, underscores, underscoring+/ score: scored, scoreless, scorer, scores, scoring, underscore /scoreless: scorelessly/scorer: scorers/scoring: scorings
USAGE EXAMPLES
This stark absence underscores both a shift in consumer patterns and the precious anachronism of what few holiday windows remain.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Trump’s efforts to keep Carrier in Indiana underscore both the potential benefits and pitfalls of his hands-on approach.
Washington Post(Nov 30, 2016)
The lack of dramatic change underscores the overall health of the game.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: vt. 划线于…下，强调
n. 底线; （表示强调的）下方划线; （影片等的）伴音
时态：underscored, underscoring, underscores
分布：强调(88%)，下划线(9%)，影片伴奏乐(1%)，划线于(1%)，提供伴奏乐(1%)
→under-, 在下面，score, 划线，标记。
【记】under下，score（n 得分；乐谱；v 划线）：强调
【反】de-emphasize（v 不再强调）；downplay（v 不予重视）
US [-dɚ'skɔ:r] verb transitive
■to underline
vt. 强调；划线于…下
 - emphasize, stress, highlight
n. 底线， [计] 下划线
 - bobbin thread, bottom-line

Word: belly
Front: belly
[ˈbeli] (高研雅 3805/5691 -2)
Vocabulary: belly
(once / 609 pages)
nv
Your belly is your stomach. If you have a belly ache, you have a pain in your abdomen.
Santa Claus is famous for his jolly laugh and his large belly. The word belly is a more casual way to say "stomach" or "abdomen," just as your navel is informally called a "belly button." A less common way to use the word is as a verb meaning "to swell," which is actually the oldest meaning of belly, from the Old English belig, "bag," and a Germanic root meaning "to swell like a bag."
WORD FAMILY
belly: bellied, bellies, bellyful, bellying, bellyless, underbelly+/bellyful: bellyfuls/bellying: bellyingly/underbelly: underbellies
USAGE EXAMPLES
His only resemblance to Santa is his white hair and his deep belly laugh.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
One of the first scenes shows her preparing to navigate customs by wrapping a loose cloth around her pregnant belly.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
A morsel of tempura-fried geoduck belly dipped in oyster mayonnaise was the most unforgettable bite at Scout’s chef’s counter.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 肚子，腹部; （物体的）圆形或凸起部份; 胃口，食欲; 腹部…形的
vt. & vi. 膨胀
时态：bellied, bellying, bellies
分布：腹部(94%)，膨胀(6%)
→词源同ball, 球，形容鼓起来的。
n.肚子,腹部;(像肚子一样)鼓起的部分,膛The banker has a large belly.银行家大腹便便.
noun countable informal
■the stomach or the front part of the body between your chest and your legs 腹部，胃
• He fell asleep with a full belly and a happy heart. 他吃饱喝足后，心满意足地睡着了。
• Now six months pregnant, Gina's belly had begun to swell. 吉娜已有六个月身孕，肚子开始鼓起来了。
■the rounded or curved part of an object （物体的）鼓起部分
• The belly of the aircraft was painted red. 机身底部漆成红色。
['bel.i] noun countable
go/turn belly up informal
■If a company or plan goes/turns belly up, it fails 破产；失败
• The business went belly up after only six months. 这家公司只开张了六个月就破产了。
n. 腹部；胃；食欲
 - stomach, appetite, abdomen
vi. 涨满；鼓起
 - summon up
vt. 使鼓起
 - plump

Word: basement
Front: basement
[ˈbeɪsmənt] (高研六托雅 3598/5987 -2)
Vocabulary: basement
(once / 1048 pages)
n
A basement is a room that's below ground level, underneath the first floor. You might have a laundry room with a washer and dryer in your basement.
Some basements are partially under the level of the street, while others are completely below ground. Many, though not all, houses and larger buildings have basements. Some basements are "finished," with carpeting and solid ceilings and walls, but more often they're very basic rooms used for storage. The word dates from 1730, most likely from the Italian basamento, "column base."
WORD FAMILY
basement: basements
USAGE EXAMPLES
The 25-year-old victim fell through the corrugated plastic ceiling of a kitchen annexe in a basement flat on Charles Road on New Year's Day.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
“We lived in basements and in my mom’s car at one point.”
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Around 1 p.m. he fell again, from the first floor to the basement.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 地下室; [建]基底，底部
分布：地下室(99%)，根基(1%)
地下室(base+ment表名词)[bas,base=low,foundation,表示"低下,基础"]
地下室(base基础)[-ment 1.表名词"行为或结果"2.表示具体物]
n.建筑物的底部,地下室,地窖Based on the basic case, the purchaser found the vase in the basin in the basement.根据这个基本情况,购买者在地下室的盆子里找到了花瓶.
noun countable
■a part of a building consisting of rooms that are partly or completely below the level of the ground 地下室
• Our kitchenware department is in the basement. 我们的厨具部门设在地下室。
• a basement flat/apartment 地下室公寓
n. [建] 地下室；地窖
 - undercroft, souterrain

Word: cascade
Front: cascade
[kæˈskeɪd] (托宝 11599/11333 -1)
Vocabulary: cascade
(once / 2083 pages)
nv
Think of a cascade as something suddenly falling, tumbling down in a rush.
The word cascade conjures up a vision of anything falling in a manner resembling a waterfall — think of a cascade of shining hair, a sudden cascade of tears, or the cascade of light during a meteor shower. The idea behind the word is of something falling in a progressive manner or a series of steps. A downward progression of musical themes can be called a cascade, as can the disastrous cascade of the tumbling price of a stock on Wall Street.
WORD FAMILY
cascade: cascaded, cascading
USAGE EXAMPLES
The infection sets off a cascade of events that ramps up inflammatory and immune response, Powers says.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
The park is reached by Pierce County’s Steilacoom Ferry, and is on the regional Cascade Marine Trail network.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Five people were killed by a gunman who opened fire at Burlington’s Cascade Mall on a Friday night in September.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 倾泻; 小瀑布，瀑布状物; 串联
vi. 流注; 大量落下
时态：cascaded, cascading, cascades
分布：瀑布(58%)，串联(40%)，瀑布似地落下(2%)
→来自词根cad, 掉落，词源同case, accident. 字母c来自形容词后缀-ic的缩略，见altercation.
小瀑布(casc下落+ade)[-ade表名词1.表示"状态,物品"2.表示"个人或集体"]
【记】cas落＝cad落－一落再落－小瀑布cas＝cast扔，cad无赖：扔无赖应该从小瀑布上往下扔－达到解恨的目的，还摔不死他。
【参】casual（adj 偶然的）；decadent（adj 颓废的）
noun countable
■a small waterfall, often one of a group 小瀑布（常指瀑布群的分支）
■a large amount of something which hangs down 瀑布状物
• A cascade of golden hair fell down his back. 金发如瀑布般披散在他的肩头。
[kæs'keɪd] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to fall quickly and in large amounts 如瀑布般下落；大量倾泻
• Coins cascaded from/out of the fruit machine. 大量硬币从老虎机中倾泻而出。
n. 层叠； [水文] 小瀑布；喷流
 - stack-up

Word: crank
Front: crank
[kræŋk] (六 8650/18797 -1)
Vocabulary: crank
(once / 1188 pages)
1vn 2n 3n 4adj
To crank is to turn or rotate something using a handle or lever. The earliest automobiles required drivers to crank the engine before they could climb in and start driving.
You might crank a paper towel machine in a restroom to unspool the towels, or crank a music box to start it up — in either case, you're turning a handle, which is also called a crank. You can also say that you crank up the engine when you start your car, even though you're not literally turning or winding anything. A completely different kind of crank is a grouchy, opinionated person. This last meaning comes from cranky.
WORD FAMILY
crank: cranked, cranking, crankly, cranks, cranky +/crankiness: crankinesses/ cranky: crankier, crankiest, crankily, crankiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
It has actually been cranking away for a while now, going back to the late-summer film festivals.
New York Times(Nov 30, 2016)
It’s a racist, white-nationalist, pseudo-intellectual agglomeration of cranks and bigots that now has a direct line to the Oval Office.
Salon(Nov 29, 2016)
And with a weak yen and rising stock market helping Japan's companies, he faces no discernible cries to crank up spending.
New York Times(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: n. [机]曲柄; 妙语，奇想; 〈美俚〉想法古怪的人; 〈口〉脾气乖戾的人
vt. 转动曲柄移动; 使弯曲; 给…装上用于转动的曲柄; 转动曲柄开动（引擎）
adj. 奇异的，古怪的; 易怒的
时态：cranked, cranking, cranks
分布：曲柄(88%)，脾气坏的人(3%)，古怪的(1%)，奇异的(1%)，用曲柄启动或转动(1%)，摇晃的(1%)，古怪行为(1%)，快速制作(1%)，有怪癖的人(1%)，妙语(1%)，松动的(1%)
→来自ger, 转，弯，围，词源同cramp, crook. 即脑袋打弯的，跟别人想的不一样的。
【记】cra＝cry哭，rank＝bank银行，在银行门口哭－古怪的人
noun
STRANGE PERSON 怪人
countable informal
■a person who has strange or unusual ideas and beliefs 怪人，古怪的人
[kræŋk] noun
UNPLEASANT PERSON 讨厌的人
countable US informal
■an unpleasant and easily annoyed person 讨厌的人；坏脾气的人
• She's always a crank first thing in the morning. 她早上一起来总爱发脾气。
[kræŋk] noun
EQUIPMENT 设备
countable
■a device which causes movement between parts of a machine or which changes backward and forward movement into circular movement 曲柄，曲轴
• a crank handle 曲柄把手
[kræŋk] noun
DRUG 药品
uncountable US
■a type of illegal drug 一种非法药品
[kræŋk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] crank sth out US informal
■to produce something with no special care or effort 草草生产
• Like clockwork, he cranks out a new book every year. 像钟表那么精准，他每年随便就出一部新书。
[kræŋk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] crank sth up informal
■to increase or improve something 增加；改善
• crank up the volume/pressure 调高音量／增加压力
n. [机] 曲柄；奇想
 - whim, vagary
adj. 易怒的
 - irascible, passionate

Word: dad
Front: dad
[dæd] (中 1814/1311 -K3)
Vocabulary: dad
(once / 369 pages)
n
Dad is an informal word for father. It’s a word like "pop" or "daddy." Some families have two dads, others have none. Sometimes a dad gets a “World’s Greatest Dad” mug on Father’s Day. Well done, sir.
If you’re talking about any ol’ dad, don’t capitalize it. There are dads all over the place. If you’re addressing your own father, basically using Dad as his name, do capitalize the “d.” The word dates from at least 1500, and it's believed to come from childish speech, or baby talk, since a very common first sound made by babies is "da."
WORD FAMILY
dad: dads
USAGE EXAMPLES
The final years of my dad’s life, and my mom’s awe-inspiring devotion and care to the very end.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
Finally, he asked July to read the script, which at that point also featured Jamie’s divorced dad.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
He’s a dad now and it signifies change.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 爸爸; 爹爹
分布：爸爸(100%)
→来自儿语。比较father, mother.
[dæd] informal
noun countable
 ESSENTIAL
■a father 爸爸，爹爹
• It was lovely to see your mum and dad at the school concert last night. 很高兴昨天晚上在学校音乐会上见到你爸妈。
• [as form of address] Can you give me a lift back from the cinema tonight, Dad? 爸，今天晚上能不能顺便开车把我从戏院送回家？
n. 爸爸；爹爹
 - father, daddy, da, pa, papa

Word: hue
Front: hue
[hju:] (托宝 7062/11275 -1)
Vocabulary: hue
(once / 379 pages)
nv
Green, orange, yellow, and blue — each of these is a hue, a color or a shade that's true. A rainbow shows the melting of one hue into another, from red to violet, and all shades in between.
The noun hue means both a color and a shade of a color. Green is a hue, and turquoise is a hue of both green and blue. Most of the time the word hue refers to colors, but sometimes it's used for shades of meaning or even the tone of a person's face, as in "The speech had a hue of politics — disguised with humor — that turned the mayor's face from a pale hue to red as he laughed."
WORD FAMILY
hue: hued, hueless, hues, huing
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Really pleased with Hue and really pleased with our personnel group,” Haslam said.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The Browns said coach Hue Jackson will return next season.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“His wife thought he was dead in the Battle of Hue City.”
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 色彩，色调; 外表，样子; 喊叫声; 信仰
分布：色调(55%)，色彩(36%)，信仰(3%)，样子(3%)，意味(2%)，喊叫(1%)
→来自古英语hyd,来自Proto-Germanic*hudiz,来自skeu,遮蔽，隐藏，词源同hide,hut.引申词义颜色，色彩，外表。词义演变比较color,来自kel,隐藏，词源同hole,cell.hue 喊叫声
【记】hu虎，e饿：老虎饿得眼冒金星－色彩
noun countable
COLOUR 颜色
■(a degree of lightness, darkness, strength, etc. of) a colour 颜色；色彩；色调
• In the Caribbean waters there are fish of every hue. 加勒比海水域的鱼五颜六色。
[hju:] noun countable
TYPE 种类 literary
■a different type or group 种类；派别
• Politicians of all hues wish to get sleaze off the agenda so that they can discuss the real issues. 各个党派的与会者都希望将那些卑劣之事从议事日程中去掉，这样他们就可以讨论真正的问题了。
[hju:] noun countable
hue and cry
■a noisy expression of public anger or disapproval （公众）大声的抗议
• There has been a great hue and cry about the council's plans to close the school. 市政会关闭这所学校的计划受到强烈抗议。
n. [光] 色彩；色度；叫声
 - cry, wow

Word: heroine
Front: heroine
[ˈherəʊɪn] (高研四六雅 8342/8840 -2)
Vocabulary: heroine
(once / 613 pages)
n
A heroine is a real-life or fictional woman who has lots of courage and fights on the side of good, maybe by rescuing a kitten from a tree, slaying an evil dragon, or helping you with your science fair project.
In books and movies, the heroine is the woman who is the main character, and in comic books and fantasy novels, heroines often have superpowers that help them accomplish incredible feats. There are heroines in regular life too, like women’s rights activists who fight against sexism, or a brave mother who rescues her child from a burning building. Heroine sounds the same as the addictive drug heroin, but a heroine will save your life, while heroin will probably end it.
WORD FAMILY
heroine: heroines
USAGE EXAMPLES
Few movies showcased heroines who showed more guts and ingenuity than many of the men around her.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
She was the 1.0 of feminist movie heroines in “Star Wars.”
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
A day after the death of Star Wars heroine Fisher, her mother, Singin' in the Rain star, Reynolds, also died.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 女主角; 女英雄; 女杰出人物
分布：女主角(58%)，女英雄(42%)
→来自拉丁语heroina,女英雄，hero,英雄，-ina,表阴性。
女英雄(hero英雄+ine)[-ine 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人或女人"3.表名词"状态,药物等"]
n.女英雄;女主角He is regarded as a national heroine.他被看作是民族英雄.
N-COUNT
（书、戏剧、电影或故事中品行端正的）女主角，女主人公
The heroine of a book, play, film, or story is the main female character, who usually has good qualities.
例：The heroine is a senior TV executive.女主角是一名电视台的高级主管。
N-COUNT
女英雄;女杰;女豪杰
A heroine is a woman who has done something brave, new, or good, and who is therefore greatly admired by a lot of people.
例：The national heroine of the day was Xing Fen, winner of the first Gold medal of the Games.现今的民族英雄是在该运动会上获得首枚金牌的邢芬。
N-COUNT
（女）偶像;心目中的女英雄
If you describe a woman as your heroine, you mean that you admire her greatly, usually because of a particular quality or skill that she has.
例：My heroine was Elizabeth Taylor.我心目中的偶像是伊丽莎白·泰勒。

Word: rainfall
Front: rainfall
[ˈreɪnfɔ:l] (高托雅 9169/10343 -1)
Back: n. 阵雨，降雨; 降雨量
分布：降雨(70%)，降雨量(30%)
US [-fɑ:l] noun uncountable
■rain, or the amount of rain that falls 下雨，降雨；（降）雨量
• Heavy rainfall ruined the match. 大雨让这场比赛泡了汤。
• The average annual rainfall in this region: 750 mm. 该地区年平均降雨量：750毫米。
n. [气象] 降雨；降雨量
 - moisture, precip

Word: devotion
Front: devotion
[dɪˈvəʊʃn] (高六托 6466/6937 -1)
Vocabulary: devotion
(once / 191 pages)
n
If you feel loyal and loving toward someone or something, that's devotion. If your devotion to your pet hamster truly knows no limits, you might splurge on a solid-gold hamster wheel.
Devotion also means a commitment or dedication to some purpose. Your devotion recycling is noble, but can you wait until I've read the newspaper? The plural noun devotions can have a religious meaning too, meaning prayers offered to God. You heard the minister was hired for his devotion to God, but the fact that he fell asleep during devotions made you wonder.
WORD FAMILY
devotion: devotional, devotions+/ devote: devoted, devotee, devotes, devoting, devotion / devoted: devotedest, devotedly, devotedness/ devotee: devotees/devotional: devotionally, devotionals
USAGE EXAMPLES
The final years of my dad’s life, and my mom’s awe-inspiring devotion and care to the very end.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
Despite marrying and fathering several children, Rasputin abandoned family life in search of Orthodox Christian religious devotion and piety.
Time(Dec 29, 2016)
Their attention and devotion growing up in an era of frauds will be affirmed.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 献身，奉献; 忠诚; 信仰，祈祷; 热爱
分布：奉献(44%)，献身(20%)，虔诚(18%)，热爱(18%)
→来自devote, 虔诚，奉献。
献身;虔诚(devote+ion)[vot=vow,表示"发誓"]
US [-'voʊ-] noun uncountable
LOYALTY 忠诚
■loyalty and love or care for someone or something 忠诚，忠实；挚爱
• He inspired respect and devotion from his pupils. 他赢得了学生们的尊敬和爱戴。
• She will be remembered for her selfless/unstinting devotion to the cause. 人们将铭记她对这项事业的无私／不遗余力的奉献。
UK [dɪ'vəʊ.ʃən] US [-'voʊ-] noun uncountable
RELIGION 宗教
■religious worship 宗教礼拜
• He knelt in humble devotion. 他虔诚地跪拜在地上。
devotions [plural]
■acts of religious worship, especially prayers 宗教礼拜；（尤指）祈祷
n. 献身，奉献；忠诚；热爱
 - commitment, dedication, loyalty

Word: symphony
Front: symphony
[ˈsɪmfəni] (高研六托雅宝 7665/5817 -2)
Vocabulary: symphony
(once / 568 pages)
n
A symphony is the name of a type of classical music (a long, complex sonata) and the large orchestra that plays that music.
If you go to a concert hall to see a piece of Beethoven or another composer, you're going to hear a symphony — a type of complicated, orchestral music played by a symphony orchestra. A symphony usually includes strings, horns, drums, piano and has a conductor to lead the group by waving a baton. You can also use this word as a comparison: A gorgeous spring day could be called a symphony of beauty and new life.
WORD FAMILY
symphony: symphonic, symphonies, symphonise, symphonist, symphonize+/symphonic: symphonically/symphonist: symphonists/symphonize: symphonizes, symphonizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
And now you’re the first female conductor of a major American symphony.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Celebrated cellist Yo-Yo Ma performs with the National Symphony Orchestra in the culminating concert of the John F. Kennedy Centennial.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
The girl flourished, excelling as a girl scout and athlete, and playing French horn and bass viola in the Burbank Youth Symphony.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 交响乐，交响曲; 序曲，插曲; 〈古〉和谐，和谐的东西
分布：交响乐(100%)
→sym-,一起，一致，-phone,声音，-y,学术，学科。引申词义交响乐，交响曲。
交响乐(sym+phony声音)[sym-,syn-表示"共同,相同"]
交响乐(sym共同+phony→所有乐器一起响→交响乐)[phon=sound,表示"声音"]
n.交响乐,交响曲I like listening to the symphony.我喜欢听交响乐.
【记】sym＝same，pho声音，ny：不同的乐器产生相同的声音－交响乐
noun countable
■a long piece of music for an orchestra, usually with four movements (= parts) 交响乐，交响曲
• Mahler's 9th symphony 马勒的《第九交响曲》
n. 交响乐；谐声，和声
 - harmonic, sinfonia

Word: spender
Front: spender
[ˈspendə(r)] (18898/20167 -1)
Back: n. 挥霍者; 挥金如土的人
分布：挥金如土的人(60%)，用钱的人(40%)
US [-dɚ] noun countable
■someone who spends money 花钱者，花费者
• Tourists are often big spenders (= they buy a lot of things). 游客往往花钱很大方。
n. 挥金如土的人；挥霍者；用钱的人
 - freewheeler, waster

Word: witch
Front: witch
[wɪtʃ] (研宝 5294/6162 -2)
Vocabulary: witch
(once / 305 pages)
nv
A witch is a person with magical powers. Most towns have a spooky old woman with a lot of cats who all the neighborhood kids suspect of being a witch.
The classic picture of a witch is a woman dressed in black with a tall, pointy hat, a broom, and an ugly face — this kind of witch is a popular Halloween costume. Another kind of witch is a serious believer in the religion called Wicca. The word witch is also used to describe someone who's old and unattractive — or, conversely, a young enchantress, a girl capable of bewitching a man.
WORD FAMILY
witch: witched, witchery, witches, witching, witchlike+/witchery: witcheries/witching: witchingest, witchingly, witchings
USAGE EXAMPLES
They became victims of the witch hunt for so-called Communist sympathizers and those who “lost” China.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“It’s like a witch hunt,” says Kimberley Motley, the pilot’s American lawyer.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 26, 2016)
The piano teacher, on the other hand, “was an old witch, I hated her,” Mr. Rieu said.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 女巫，巫婆; <贬>讨人嫌的丑女人; 迫害的对象
vt. 施巫术
时态：witched, witching, witches
分布：女巫(61%)，巫婆(37%)，施巫术(1%)，用神杖发现地下水源或矿物(1%)
→来自古英语wicca,巫师，巫术，来自weik,选择，献祭，牺牲，词源同victim,Wicca。引申词义通灵，做法，召唤鬼神。
n.女巫,巫婆,巫师The evil witch in this story is cursed by everyone.人们都咒骂这个故事中那邪恶的女巫.
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a woman who is believed to have magical powers and who uses them to harm or help other people 女巫，巫婆
• a witch on a broomstick 骑着扫把的女巫
• Witches were persecuted all over western Europe from the 15th to the 17th century as it was claimed that they had dealings with the Devil. 从15世纪到17世纪，整个西欧的女巫都受到迫害，因为据称她们与魔鬼有来往。
informal disapproving
■an unpleasant and ugly woman 讨厌且丑陋的女人
n. 巫婆，女巫
 - carlin, sorceress
vt. 迷惑；施巫术
 - ensorcel, bamboozled

Word: crusader
Front: crusader
[kru:ˈseɪdə(r)] (14357/12314)
Vocabulary: crusader
(once / 5949 pages)
n
A crusader is a person who works hard or campaigns forcefully for a cause. Most crusaders advocate dramatic social or political change.
You can call a fierce champion for a cancer cure a crusader, and another kind of crusader could be an activist who works for school reform. Crusaders tend to be radical or at least progressive, embracing some kind of change. Crusader comes from crusade, which meant "campaign against a public evil" in the 18th century, but which earlier referred mainly to the religious-based military Crusades of the Middle Ages.
WORD FAMILY
crusader: crusaders+/ crusade: crusaded, crusader, crusades, crusading
USAGE EXAMPLES
They then fled and attacked a police station, before moving on to Karak’s ancient crusader castle, a popular tourist destination in the city.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
But it then became the subject of a power struggle, as the Byzantine empire, crusaders, Fatamid caliphate and Seljuk empire fought to gain control.
The Guardian(Dec 18, 2016)
Mr. Mistry portrays himself as a crusader for corporate governance.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 十字军战士; 改革者
分布：改革者(53%)，十字军战士(47%)
十字军战士;改革者(crusade+er)[cruc,crus,crux=cross,表示"十字形,交叉"]
N-COUNT
(某一事业的)拥护者，追随者
A crusader for a cause is someone who does a lot in support of it.
例：He has set himself up as a crusader for higher press and broadcasting standards.他自认是一位追求更高的新闻和广播标准的斗士。
N-COUNT
十字军战士
A Crusader was a knight who fought in the Crusades.
n. 改革者；十字军战士
 - barner, innovator

Word: ambivalent
Front: ambivalent
[æmˈbɪvələnt] (托宝 10693/11150 -1)
Vocabulary: ambivalent
(once / 7954 pages)
adj
If you can't decide how you feel about something, declare yourself ambivalent about it.
Ambivalent means "having mixed feelings about something." A Swiss psychologist named Eugen Bleuler coined the German word Ambivalenz in the early twentieth century, and it was soon imported into English. Bleuler combined the Latin prefix ambi-, meaning "both," with valentia, "strength." So etymologically speaking, if you're ambivalent you're being pulled by two equally strong things — but in practice, ambivalence often arises from caring very little either way. You might feel ambivalent about your lunch options if you have to choose between a murky stew and flavorless tofu.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
ambiguous / ambivalent
Something ambiguous is unclear or vague, like the end of a short story that leaves you scratching your head. But if you're ambivalent about something, you can take it or leave it. Whatever.
Ambiguous is something that is confusing or has more than one meaning. It can be the ambiguous look your ex-girlfriend gives you as she leaves the library, or the ambiguous ending of the movie Lost Highway, where you don't know what the heck just happened. Here's the word in action from the news:
Are there threads you might come back to later, or was that a deliberate choice to leave some things about him ambiguous? (New York Times)
"The election law in New York is written in an ill-defined, ambiguous way," Goldfeder said, adding that he did not believe any laws were broken. (Reuters)
Ambivalent is when you don't hate something, but you don't love it either. Since you feel two ways about it, you don't really care. It's often used to describe feelings, attitudes, and relationships:
Danya, now nearly 14, was ambivalent about leaving, drawn toward being a teenager in New York City. (New York Times)
Valentine's Day When You're Dating a Woman You're Ambivalent About. (All Word News)
He had told me early on that he was ambivalent about his maleness but had made peace with it. (New York Times)
When choosing between ambiguous and ambivalent, consider whether you are describing something that is unclear or vague: that's ambiguous. If it's a fluctuation in attitude or feeling, that's ambivalent. If you're ambivalent about ambiguous movie endings, stay away from David Lynch and stick to blockbusters when the good guys win.
WORD FAMILY
ambivalent: ambivalence, ambivalency, ambivalently+/ ambivalence: ambivalences
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s not a heartless portrayal, but it’s an ambivalent one.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
This Apollo performance was something of a comeback, but an ambivalent one.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Some who addressed the San Francisco library commission were ambivalent about the plan, including Librarians Guild representative Melissa Riley.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 对某物、某人或某境况具有矛盾情感的; 矛盾的
n. 两性人
分布：矛盾的(88%)，摇摆不定的(12%)
→前缀ambi-, 两边。词根val, 力量，见value. 指相同的力量，模糊。
【记】ambi两方面，val强大，力量，ent形容词后缀－两方面都有力量－有矛盾看法的ambi读：我必，lent借：我必借？借还是不借？－矛盾看法
【参】valiant（adj 勇敢的，英勇的）；valor（n 英勇，勇猛）
adjective
■having two opposing feelings at the same time, or being uncertain about how you feel （心情）矛盾的；模棱两可的，含糊不定的
• I felt very ambivalent about leaving home. 要离开家了，我心里喜忧参半。
• He has fairly ambivalent feelings towards his father. 他对父亲的感情很矛盾。
• an ambivalent attitude to exercise 既想锻炼又怕吃苦的态度
adj. 矛盾的；好恶相克的
 - contradictory, conflictive

Word: gaffe
Front: gaffe
[gæf] (宝 19567/23744)
Vocabulary: gaffe
(once / 9307 pages)
n
A gaffe is a mistake that embarrasses you in front of others. If you run into a friend out with her grey-haired father, and you blurt out, "Oh, hi, you must be Tara's grandfather!" then you've made a gaffe.
Gaffe rhymes with laugh, and you'll be lucky if that's how people respond to your social blunder. A gaffe seems to occur most often when you literally don't know your audience — you make a joke about the mayor; you didn't know you were talking to his sister. That's definitely a gaffe. And who knew your hosts come from a culture that takes offense if you refuse to try every dish?
WORD FAMILY
gaffe: gaffes
USAGE EXAMPLES
But the offensive woes weren’t shocking for a player batting .235; the defensive gaffe, for the organization’s best defensive outfielder, was.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
And when their gift is a dud, it’s not just a gaffe.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
The Energy Department was central to the 2011 gaffe that helped end his first presidential bid.
Washington Post(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 失礼，出丑
分布：失态(28%)，过失(28%)，失言(26%)，出丑(18%)
→原义为钩子，同gaff. 失礼义词源不详，可能是来自拟声词，鸭子叫声，拙劣的说话。
【记】gaff（n 大鱼叉）：用gaff吃饭是gaffe，还是一种判断错误！
noun countable
■a remark or action that is a social mistake and not considered polite; faux pas 出丑；失礼；失言
• I made a real gaffe - I called his new wife 'Judy' which is the name of his ex-wife. 我一时失言出了大丑——把他的新任妻子叫成了“裘蒂”，那可是他前妻的名字啊。
• Was that a bit of a gaffe then, starting to eat before everyone else had been served? 没等其他人的饭菜上桌你就开始吃了，那是不是有点失礼啊？
n. 失态；过失
 - error, mistake, sin, blame

Word: isle
Front: isle
[aɪl] (研雅 19025/3274 -2)
Vocabulary: isle
(once / 251 pages)
n
An isle is a small island. The Isle of Capri, off the coast of Italy, is one of the most famous isles in the world.
There is no clear agreement on what makes an island an isle. Some people say it's simply a matter of taste: isle sounds more poetic and romantic. Actually, there's no precise definition of island either, other than it's a piece of land surrounded by water and smaller than a continent. A good way to remember that an isle is a small island is that the word isle is smaller than island: this is a little word for a little thing.
WORD FAMILY
isle: isles, islet+/islet: islets
USAGE EXAMPLES
They opened for Jimi Hendrix at the Isle of Wight; in Philadelphia, Elton John opened for them.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Soon after that adventure, be bought a larger boat and piloted it around the British Isles.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
As for the Nieses, they sold their Emerald Isle property earlier this year.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 岛，小岛
vt. 使成为岛屿; 置…于岛上
vi. 住在岛屿上; 留在岛上
分布：岛(93%)，群岛(7%)
→缩写自拉丁语insula,岛，词源同insular.可能来自in,在里面，-sula,盐，海水，词源同salt.
n.小岛(用于诗歌中)The Isle of Wight belongs to Great Britain.威特岛属于英国.
[aɪl] literary
noun countable
■(used especially in place names) an island （尤用于地名）岛
• Explore the more remote Caribbean isles. 探索更加遥远的加勒比海岛屿。
• the Isle of Skye 斯凯岛
n. 岛
 - island

Word: daylight
Front: daylight
[ˈdeɪlaɪt] (高研四 5997/5270 -2)
Vocabulary: daylight
(once / 260 pages)
n
The period of each day when the sun is shining is daylight. If you work as a lifeguard at the town pool, your job takes place during daylight.
You can use daylight and daytime interchangeably, although daylight also means "daytime light" or "the light of the sun." If you lose electricity in your house for a few days, you might have to stick to reading when there's daylight. Many public parks are only open during daylight hours. If someone scares the living daylights out of you, they terrify you — this colloquial phrase comes from an old sense of the eyes being referred to as daylights.
WORD FAMILY
daylight: daylights
USAGE EXAMPLES
They clogged running lanes and ensured that Kelley struggled to find daylight.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
They streamed into the daylight in their thousands, the earth would appear to be in motion, and I’d be seized by vertigo.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Testing will also be limited to daylight hours and good weather.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 日光，白昼; 清早，黎明; 公开，发表; <俚>眼睛，视力
分布：日光(63%)，白昼(28%)，黎明(9%)
n.日光,白昼,黎明How many hours of daylight do we have in a day?一天中我们有多少小时有阳光?
noun uncountable
■(the period when there is) natural light from the sun 白天；日光
• The colours look much better in daylight. 这些颜色在日光下看起来更漂亮。
['deɪ.laɪt] noun uncountable
beat / knock the (living) daylights out of sb informal
■to hit someone very hard, many times 猛揍，暴打，痛打（某人）
• I'll knock the living daylights out of him if he says that again! 他再这样说，我就把他揍扁了！
['deɪ.laɪt] noun uncountable
frighten / scare , etc. the (living) daylights out of sb informal
■to frighten someone very much 吓得（某人）魂飞魄散
• Don't jump out on me like that! You scared the living daylights out of me! 别这样跳出来吓我！你差点把我吓死！
n. 白天； [天] 日光；黎明；公开
 - morning, sunlight, publicity, open

Word: jesse
Front: jesse
[ˈdʒesi] (-/16701)
Back: n. 耶西（男人名）
分布：杰西(男子名(100%)

Word: massage
Front: massage
[ˈmæsɑ:ʒ] (7050/9008 -2)
Vocabulary: massage
(once / 2892 pages)
nv
When someone rubs your muscles to help relax them, that's a massage. Feels good, doesn't it? When someone tells you how great you are to gain favor, they massage your ego. Not bad, either.
The word massage has a mysterious background, possibly coming from the Arabic massa, meaning "to touch," finding its way to 19th Century France by way of Napoleon. Would you accept a foot massage from Napoleon? Or, it might have worked its way to France from India, where amassar carries the meaning "knead." The year 1913 saw the first massage parlor, which was really a brothel. Today massage is a recognized form of physical therapy and is, of course, practiced by amateurs too. A little to the left, please.
WORD FAMILY
massage: massaged, massager, massages, massaging+/massager: massagers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The woman told her the massage used energy to heal.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
Seattle police are investigating a crash between a fire engine and a ladder truck, which led the ladder truck to plow into a massage business.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
In between, we read by the pool, got massages, and shopped.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 按摩，推拿
时态：massaged, massaging, massages
分布：按摩(99%)，用...揉擦(1%)
→来自法语masser,揉，捏，来自mag,揉，捏，词源同make,mass.引申词义按摩。
US [mə'sɑ:dʒ] verb transitive
RUB BODY 按摩身体
■to rub and press someone's body with regular repeated movements, in order to relax them or to reduce stiffness or pain in their joints (= places where two bones are connected) or muscles 按摩，推拿
• Would you massage my shoulders? 你能按摩一下我的肩膀吗？
UK ['mæs.ɑ:dʒ] US [mə'sɑ:dʒ] verb transitive
LIE 说谎
■to try to make facts or numbers appear better than they really are in order to deceive somebody 虚报；窜改；美化
• Television companies have been massaging their viewing figures in order to attract more advertising revenue. 一些电视台虚报收视率以获得更多的广告收益。
UK ['mæs.ɑ:dʒ] US [mə'sɑ:dʒ] verb transitive
massage sb's ego
■to praise someone in order to make them think they are better than they are 奉承，讨好（某人），拍（某人）的马屁
UK ['mæs.ɑ:dʒ] US [mə'sɑ:dʒ] noun countable or uncountable
■the activity of rubbing or pressing parts of someone's body in order to make them relax or to stop their muscles hurting 按摩；推拿
• a back/foot/head massage 背部／足部／头部按摩
• a qualified massage therapist 一名具执照的推拿治疗师
• She gave me a massage. 她为我做了按摩。
vt. [临床] 按摩；揉
 - to knead, rub down
n. [临床] 按摩；揉
 - cheirapsis, rubdown

Word: pilgrimage
Front: pilgrimage
[ˈpɪlgrɪmɪdʒ] (8273/8779 -1)
Vocabulary: pilgrimage
(once / 662 pages)
n
A pilgrimage is a journey to a sacred place. People make pilgrimages to places like Jerusalem, Bethlehem, and Dharamsala as part of their religious or spiritual practice.
A pilgrimage is often a spiritual journey, but some pilgrimages deal with other kinds of devotion. For example, fans often visit the places that are — or were — significant to their heroes. Every August 16th, Elvis Presley fans from around the country make a pilgrimage to his famous former home, Graceland, to commemorate the anniversary of his death.
WORD FAMILY
pilgrimage: pilgrimages
USAGE EXAMPLES
Another says she flew in from Detroit just for the day as “sort of a Prince pilgrimage.”
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
No one should underestimate the symbolism of Mr. Abe’s pilgrimage.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 26, 2016)
I fittingly ended my day of peregrinations with “Pilgrimage.”
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 朝圣之旅; 参拜圣地; 人生的旅程，一生; 漫游
vi. 去朝圣，去参拜圣地; 漫游
分布：朝圣(82%)，朝圣之旅(16%)，人生历程(2%)
→来自pilgrim,朝圣者，-age,名词后缀。
朝圣(pilgrim朝香客)[-age名词反缀1.表示"状态,总称"2.表示"场所,物品"3.表示"费用"]
noun countable or uncountable
■a special journey made by a pilgrim 朝圣，朝觐
• Most Muslims try to make a pilgrimage] go on a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in their life. 大多数回教徒都设法一生至少去麦加朝圣一次。
■a journey to a place which is considered special, and which you visit to show your respect 朝圣之旅；参拜之行
• For many football fans, the national ground is a place of pilgrimage. 对许多足球迷来说，这个国家球场就是圣地。
n. 漫游；朝圣之行
 - travel, roaming service
vi. 朝拜；漫游
 - range, roam about

Word: quartet
Front: quartet
[kwɔ:ˈtet] (宝 11286/8027 -2)
Vocabulary: quartet
(once / 1794 pages)
n
A quartet is a musical group with four members. If you play the viola, you might form a string quartet with two violinists and a cellist.
You can use the noun quartet to describe your four-person singing group, and you can also use it to talk about the piece of music you're performing, if it's written specifically for four voices or instruments. The word quartet comes from the Italian quarto, or "fourth," which in turn has it roots in the Latin quartus, also meaning "fourth."
WORD FAMILY
quartet: quartets
USAGE EXAMPLES
The senior running back led a quartet of Falcons players who eclipsed 600 yards rushing this season.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
A detailed analysis of the sketches for that enormous quartet, for example, show Beethoven changing his mind five times about the structure of the work.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Rose Theatre Kingston holds the world premiere of My Brilliant Friend, a two-part version of "mystery author" Elena Ferrante's Neapolitan quartet of novels.
BBC(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 四重唱（奏）曲; 四重唱（奏）组; 四件一套
分布：四重奏(100%)
→quart-,四，-et,小词后缀。引申词义四重奏。
US [kwɔ:r-] noun
countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■a group of four people who play musical instruments or sing as a group 四重奏乐团；四重唱组合
• A string quartet was playing Mozart. 一个弦乐四重奏乐团正在演奏莫劄特的乐曲。
UK [kwɔ:'tet] US [kwɔ:r-] noun
countable
■a piece of music written for four people 四重奏（曲）；四重唱（曲）
• He has composed 14 quartets and 11 symphonies. 他谱写了14首四重奏和11首交响乐。

Word: protector
Front: protector
[prəˈtektə(r)] (9650/9863 -1)
Vocabulary: protector
(once / 610 pages)
n
A protector is someone who takes care of you. In most families, part of the parents' job is to be their children's protectors.
A museum guard is a protector of valuable artworks, and a Great Pyrenees dog might work as the protector of a flock of sheep, barking at predators. You can tell from the word protector that it's all about protecting, or keeping safe from harm. In Latin, protect means "covered in front," from the verb protegere and its roots pro-, "in front" and tegere, "to cover."
WORD FAMILY
protector: protectors, protectorship+/ overprotect: overprotected, overprotecting, overprotection, overprotects/ protect: overprotect, protected, protecting, protection, protective, protector, protects/protected: unprotected/protecting: protectingly/ protection: protectionism, protections, self-protection/ protectionism: protectionist/protectionist: protectionists/ protective: overprotective, protectively, protectiveness, unprotective/unprotected: unprotectedness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Backstage adviser and fierce protector of Ronald Reagan in his journey from actor to president - and finally during his battle with Alzheimer’s disease.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Helpmate, backstage adviser and fierce protector of Ronald Reagan in his journey from actor to president - and finally during his battle with Alzheimer’s disease.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
He was not the only seemingly tireless proponent — and protector — of Mr. Trump’s political pursuits.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 防护器，保护装置; 保护者; 护国公; [英史]摄政者
分布：保护装置(49%)，保护人(41%)，保护物(10%)
US [-tɚ] noun countable
■someone who protects someone or something 保护者
• Philip II considered himself the protector of the Catholic Church. 腓力二世将自己看作天主教的守护者。
• She has a reputation for being an ardent protector of individuals' liberties. 她是个有名的个人自由的热情捍卫者。
■a piece of equipment that protects someone 保护装置，保护物
• a back and chest protector 胸背保护装置
n. [油气] [安全] 保护器；保护者； [电] 保护装置；防御者
 - shield, tutamen

Word: volcanic
Front: volcanic
[vɒlˈkænɪk] (托 8540/7308 -1)
Back: adj. 火山的; 猛烈的; 暴烈的
n. 火山岩
分布：火山的(76%)，猛烈的(24%)
→来自volcano,火山。
ADJ
火山的;由火山引发的
Volcanic means coming from or created by volcanoes.
例：Over 200 people have been killed by volcanic eruptions...火山喷发已导致200多人丧生。
例：Mount Unzen has been spewing out volcanic ash, gas, and rock today...云仙山今天一直在向外喷涌火山灰、气体和火山岩。
adj. [岩] [地质] 火山的；猛烈的；易突然发作的
 - fierce, violent, hard
n. [岩] [地质] 火山岩
 - eruptive rock, extrusive rock

Word: quicken
Front: quicken
[ˈkwɪkən] (四六 11424/11390 -1)
Vocabulary: quicken
(once / 561 pages)
v
When things quicken, they speed up or make something go faster. If you're late for school, you should probably quicken your pace.
Your heartbeat probably quickens when you're afraid or after you've been running fast, and you could also say that your curiosity quickens (or increases) when you overhear a mysterious phone call. The oldest meaning of quicken, however, is "come to life," a definition which sounds very old fashioned now, but which was once used to describe an advanced stage of pregnancy: "The fetus began to quicken."
WORD FAMILY
quicken: quickened, quickener, quickening, quickens+/ quick: quicken, quicker, quickest, quickly, quickness, quicks/quickener: quickeners/quickening: quickenings/quicker: quickers/ quickly: quicklys/quickness: quicknesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sweeter still was hearing chants of “Real M.V.P.!” rain down in Quicken Loans Arena every time LeBron James touched the basketball.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
But officials signaled a quickening of rate hikes in 2017.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Speaking of abuse by the executive branch, Quicken Loans founder Dan Gilbert is fighting the Department of Justice’s misguided case against his company.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. （使）变快; 增速; 鼓舞; 使复活
vt. 苏醒; 使有生机
时态：quickened, quickening, quickens
分布：变活跃(32%)，刺激(23%)，变快(15%)，使加快(15%)，使活跃(15%)
→来自quick,有生命的，快速的，-en,使。
verb intransitive or transitive
■to become quicker, or to make something become quicker （使）变快，（使）加速
• This is music that will make your pulse quicken. 这是那种能让你脉博加速的音乐。
• We'll have to quicken the pace if we want to keep up with him. 如果我们想赶上他的话就要加快速度。
• literary Peter walked in the room and her heart quickened. 彼得走进了房间，她的心跳加快了。
■If a feeling or quality quickens, it becomes more active, or to make a feeling or quality do this （情绪，素质）受到激发；激发（情绪，素质）
• His interest quickened when he saw her. 当见到她时，他的兴致大增。
• War quickens our awareness. 战争使我们更加警觉。
accelerate, hasten, rush, hurry, speed, quicken
这组词都有“加快，使加快”的意思，其区别是：
accelerate: 着重指频率或速率运转加快。
hasten: 指由于事的紧迫性或突然性而加速。
rush: 含义与hurry相近，但显得更仓促更慌乱。
hurry: 指赶紧或匆忙地做某事或催促别人做某事，隐含草率或混乱意味。
speed: 侧重实际的快速行动。
quicken: 普通用词，指增加速度、速率。
vi. 加快；变活跃；进入胎动期
 - step on the juice
vt. 加快；鼓舞；使复活
 - stimulate, lift, spirit, inspire

Word: reprisal
Front: reprisal
[rɪˈpraɪzl] (宝 14937/15088 -1)
Vocabulary: reprisal
(once / 2604 pages)
n
A reprisal is an act of retaliation, especially one committed by one country against another. If you attack your enemy's village and cause lots of damage, expect a reprisal.
Reprisal comes from the French for taking back, and used to mean the seizure of property as a compensation for some earlier loss. Now we use it more in the sense of a retaliatory attack. When Germany bombed London during World War II, the British reprisals included the bombing of Berlin. Reprisal doesn't always have to be about war; you can use it for any act of retaliation.
WORD FAMILY
reprisal: reprisals
USAGE EXAMPLES
Israel responded furiously, threatening diplomatic reprisals against the countries that voted in favour.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
They felt the familiar grief and fear of reprisal last year when a Muslim man killed four Marines in Chattanooga, 90 minutes away.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
“Their objective will be to parry what Trump does with targeted reprisals in areas of U.S. vulnerability.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 报复（行为）; （特指国家间的）暴力性报复，报复行为，[史]（对敌国人民，财产的）报复性劫掠; 〈罕〉赔偿，赔款
分布：报复(86%)，报仇(7%)，报复性劫掠(7%)
→re-,向后，往回，-pris,抓住，缩写自 prehens,词源同 prehensile,prison.即抓回，后引申词义报 复，特指国家间收回领土，财物等的军事行动。
报复(re反+prise+al→反过来抓住[别人]→报复)[pris=take表示"拿住,抓住"]
【记】re反，prise＝price代价，al－返回代价－报复
【区】reprise（n 乐曲的重复）
noun countable or uncountable
■(an example of) activity against another person, especially as a punishment by military forces or a political group （尤指军事或政治的）报复，报复行动
• economic/military reprisals 经济／军事报复
• They promised that individuals could live freely without fear of reprisal from the military. 他们承诺说，人们可以自由生活，不必担心军方的报复。
• The attack was in reprisal for the kidnapping of their leaders. 这次袭击是对他们领导人被绑架的报复。
n. 报复（行为）；报复性劫掠
 - retaliation, revenge

Word: algae
Front: algae
[ˈældʒi:] (托 9463/- -1)
Vocabulary: algae
(once / 9426 pages)
n
Ever walk in the ocean and feel your feet slipping and sliding along the rocks? That slimy green stuff under your feet is algae, a nonflowering plant that grows in the water and has no stems, roots, or leaves.
Algae is actually the plural form of the word alga, which in Latin means, you guessed it: "seaweed." Algae isn't just something gross looking floating on the water. It's actually important in aquatic ecology because the tiny organisms that live suspended in algae are the food base for most marine food chains.
WORD FAMILY
algae
USAGE EXAMPLES
Cleaning consisted of applying a special solution geared to removing algae and other material, scrubbing the stones, and hosing them off.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
This threw off the delicate balance between the coral organisms and the algae that provide them sustenance.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
The town’s lake was once so choked with algae that fishing lures wouldn’t sink.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 水藻; [植] 藻类
分布：海藻(78%)，水藻(21%)，名词alga的复数形式.(1%)
→词源不详。
plural noun
■very simple, usually small plants that grow in or near water and do not have ordinary leaves or roots 水藻；藻类
n. 藻类； [植] 海藻
 - seaweed, varech

Word: fireman
Front: fireman
[ˈfaɪəmən] (研四六 9069/6662 -1)
Back: n. 消防队员; [矿]救火员，爆破工; 司炉工
分布：消防队员(88%)，司炉工(12%)
n.消防队员The firm fireman first overcame thirst desire.坚定的消防员首先克服口渴欲望.
US ['faɪr-] noun countable
■a man whose job is to stop fires from burning 消防员
n. 消防队员；救火队员；锅炉工
 - pompier

Word: artefact
Front: artefact
[ˈɑ:tɪfækt] (34790/6645 -1)
Back: n. 人工制品，人工产物; 人为现象; [医]伪假象; [生物学]矫作物
分布：人工制品(67%)，假象(33%)
US ['ɑr.tˌɪ-] mainly UK (mainly US artifact)
noun countable
■an object that is made by a person, such as a tool or a decoration, especially one that is of historical interest （尤指具有史学价值的）人工制品，制造物，手工艺品
• The museum's collection includes artefacts dating back to prehistoric times. 这家博物馆的藏品包括一些史前器物。
n. 人工制品，加工品
 - artifact, manmade

Word: fragility
Front: fragility
[frə'dʒɪlətɪ] (托 15874/18616)
Vocabulary: fragility
(once / 9866 pages)
n
Fragility is a state of being delicate or breakable. The fragility of your grandmother's juice glasses might make you nervous about taking even one sip.
An object's fragility makes it likely to get broken or damaged, and a person's fragility means that he's not physically strong. New parents are often worried about the fragility of their newborn baby, and being sick can emphasize a person's fragility. Another way to use the word is to mean "vulnerable" or "sensitive." When something's delicate or frail, you can call it fragile, and both words stem from the Latin root fragilis, "brittle or easily broken."
WORD FAMILY
fragility: fragilities+/ fragile: fragilely, fragiler, fragilest, fragility
USAGE EXAMPLES
They are 9-year-olds who connect through their knowledge of life’s fragility.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Mills’s wife, Miranda July, a writer and filmmaker with the steely fragility of a Buster Keaton, once anatomized guys like Mills in a short story.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
That fragility persists in her but it is fighting a losing battle today with her perky playfulness.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 脆弱，虚弱; 易碎性; 脆性; 脆弱性
分布：脆弱(94%)，虚弱(3%)，易碎(3%)
虚弱;脆弱(fragile+ity)[fract,frang=break,表示"打碎"]
ADJ-GRADED
脆弱的;不确定的
If you describe a situation as fragile, you mean that it is weak or uncertain, and unlikely to be able to resist strong pressure or attack.
例：The fragile economies of several southern African nations could be irreparably damaged...一些南非国家的脆弱经济可能会被彻底破坏，无法挽回。
例：The Prime Minister's fragile government was on the brink of collapse...首相领导的脆弱的政府处在瓦解边缘。
ADJ-GRADED
易碎的;易坏的
Something that is fragile is easily broken or damaged.
例：He leaned back in his fragile chair.他仰靠在那把摇摇晃晃的椅子上。
ADJ-GRADED
(外表)精致的，精巧的
Something that is fragile is very delicate or fine in appearance.
例：The haircut emphasised her fragile beauty.发型突出了她的精致之美。
ADJ-GRADED
虚弱的;无力的
If someone feels fragile, they feel weak, for example because they are ill or have drunk too much alcohol.
例：He felt irritated and strangely fragile, as if he were recovering from a severe bout of flu.他感到恼火和莫名其妙的虚弱，仿佛经历了一场重感冒，正在康复。
n. 脆弱； [力] 易碎性；虚弱
 - frangibility, friability

Word: merchandise
Front: merchandise
[ˈmɜ:tʃəndaɪs] (研六托 7045/13861 -1)
Vocabulary: merchandise
(once / 735 pages)
nv
The noun merchandise refers to things that can be bought or sold, like the merchandise that's for sale at your local record shop, or the merchandise sold by sidewalk vendors in a big city.
When you go into a store, you're surrounded by merchandise, whether it's food, clothing, or books. Goods that can be bought or sold are merchandise, and so are items connected with a particular movie or music group — like the t-shirts you can buy at a rock concert's merchandise booth. Merchandise is also a verb, meaning "to promote or advertise" — "Retail stores merchandise goods using displays, signs, or mannequins."
WORD FAMILY
merchandise: merchandised, merchandiser, merchandises, merchandising+/merchandiser: merchandisers/merchandising: merchandisings
USAGE EXAMPLES
He held finance and marketing jobs at Canadian General Electric and then became vice president for merchandising at T. Eaton Co., a retailer.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
She’s also a vendor at markets like Hunt and Gather and One of a Kind at Merchandise Mart.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Now it’s playing with drop culture, which focuses on selling limited-edition merchandise and turns shopping for it into an obstacle course.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 商品; 货物
vt. 买卖; 销售
vi. 经商
分布：商品(74%)，货物(13%)，销售(9%)，经营(2%)，推销(2%)
→来自merchant,商人。引申词义商品，商品销售，销售。
商品(merchand[=merchant商人]+ise→商人的东西→商品)[merc,merch=trade,表示"交易"]
商品(merchant商人+ise)[-ise 1.表动词后缀,和-ize相同,是-ize的变体,"…化"2.表名词"物品,状态"]
n.商品,货物The merciful merchant wants to grant some merchandise to the panting immigrants.仁慈的商人要给喘气的移民们一些商品.
US [ˈmɜ˞ː-] formal
■goods that are bought and sold 商品，货物
• Shoppers complained about poor quality merchandise and high prices. 顾客抱怨商品品质差、价格高。
• Japan exported $117 billion in merchandise to the US in 1999. 1999年日本向美国出口了价值1170亿美元的商品。
verb transitive UK [ˈmɜː.tʃən.daɪz] US [ˈmɜ˞ː-] US specialized
■to encourage the sale of goods by advertising them or by making certain that they are noticed 推销，促销
• She had to merchandise the new product line. 她不得不推销这条新产品线。
commodity, merchandise, ware, freight, goods
这组词都有“商品，货物”的意思，其区别是：
commodity: 作“商品”解时系经济学名词，也可指日用品。
merchandise: 正式用词，指商业上销售或商家拥有货物的总称。
ware: 指上市待卖的商品或货物。多用复数形式。
freight: 指“货物”时，可与goods互换，此系美国英语。在英国，freight志指船装货物。
goods: 一般生活或商业用词，指销售或购入的商品。
n. 商品； [贸易] 货物
 - goods, cargo
vt. 买卖；推销
 - promote, sell, handle, trade in
vi. 经商
 - do business

Word: mobilise
Front: mobilise
['məʊbɪlɑɪz] (-/12386)
Back: vt. & vi. 动员起来，调动，鼓动起
时态：mobilised, mobilising, mobilises
分布：动员(94%)，赋予可动性(6%)
vt. 动员；调动；使流通
 - remove, translate

Word: newt
Front: newt
[nju:t] (26534/22620)
Back: n. 蝾螈
分布：蝾螈(100%)
→错分裂词，来自an ewte的错分成a newte, 即现在的eft,蜥蜴，蝾螈。
US [nu:t] noun countable
■a small animal which has a long thin body and tail and short legs, and lives both on land and in water 蝾螈（水陆两栖）
n. 蝾螈；笨蛋；新手
 - simple, turkey, put

Word: neutron
Front: neutron
[ˈnju:trɒn] (六托宝 10155/9392 -1)
Vocabulary: neutron
(once / 9002 pages)
n
The nucleus of an atom includes a proton, which has a positive charge, an electron, which has a negative charge, and neutron, which has no charge, or is "neutral." The hydrogen atom is the only atom without a neutron.
The basis for the word neutron is both "neutral" and the suffix "-on," which probably comes from the Greek ión, "to go." The word ion first appeared in English in 1834, and neutron appeared in 1921, to represent the neutral part of an atom. Don't let the "neutral" part fool you, though — a neutron bomb, while "smaller" than other nuclear weapons, is still capable of mass destruction, as it emits more radiation, causing a wider sweep of damage to life.
WORD FAMILY
neutron: antineutron, neutrons
USAGE EXAMPLES
Pulsars—spinning neutron stars—emit incredibly regular pulses of radio waves.
Science Magazine(Dec 22, 2016)
The spacecraft studies chemical elements by counting the gamma-rays and neutrons reflecting off Ceres as cosmic rays bombard it.
Nature(Dec 14, 2016)
Light from a lonely neutron star 400 light-years away is polarized, just like light reflecting off a pond, a team of astronomers reports.
Science Magazine(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. [物]中子
分布：中子(100%)
→来自neutral,中性的，-on,物理名词后缀，来自eon.
中子(neutr中间的＋on)[-on表名词,指人,物和一些物理学上的名词]
US ['nu:.trɑ:n] noun countable
■a part of an atom that has no electrical charge 中子 Compare electron ; proton

Word: motorbike
Front: motorbike
[ˈməʊtəbaɪk] (高 22347/10026 -1)
Back: n. 摩托车
分布：摩托车(100%)
US ['moʊ.tˌɚ-] noun countable
 IMPROVER UK
■a motorcycle
• She jumped on her motorbike and raced off down the road. 她跳上摩托车，沿着这条路疾驶而去。
 IMPROVER US
■a bicycle with a small engine 轻型摩托车
n. 摩托车
 - autocycle, motor cycle

Word: shackle
Front: shackle
[ˈʃækl] (托宝 17357/19752 -1)
Vocabulary: shackle
(once / 2134 pages)
nv
Handcuffs are shackles. So are those leg irons some prisoners wear when they appear in court. In other words, a shackle is a restraint, either physical or psychological, that restricts movement.
We generally think of shackles as some sort of heavy metal cuff that is used to keep prisoners in check. But shackles don't have to be physical. Ignorance can be a shackle, so can an abusive family member, or the economy. In those cases, shackles are an external force that keep you from doing or being everything you want to. You can't see those shackles, but they can be every bit as confining as the metal cuffs.
WORD FAMILY
shackle: shackled, shackles, shackling+/shackled: unshackled
USAGE EXAMPLES
Shackles were attached to one of his legs.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Next door to the clinic was a detention center where prisoners were shackled, tortured and starved to death, she said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Rasel was shackled and kept in the blanket throughout the flight to Bangladesh, more than 30 hours with stops.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 手铐，脚镣; 束缚; [机]钩环; [电]绝缘器
vt. 束缚，加枷锁; 妨碍，阻碍; 给…上手铐; [电]在…装绝缘器
时态：shackled, shackling, shackles
分布：束缚(52%)，镣铐(16%)，脚镣(14%)，手铐(12%)，束缚物(3%)，给...戴上镣铐(3%)
→来自古英语 sceacel,镣铐，脚链，来自 Proto-Germanic*skakulaz,镣铐，脚链，来自 skek, 摇晃，词源同 shake.-le,工具格后缀。
【记】shackle戴在脚上shake（v 摇晃）
【反】emancipate（v 释放）；loose（v 释放）
verb transitive
■If you are shackled by something, you are unable to do what you want to do because of this thing 阻挠，束缚
• The government is shackled by its own debts. 政府为其债务所困。
n. 束缚；桎梏； [法] 脚镣
 - chain, restriction, cord
vt. 束缚；加枷锁
 - chain, bound

Word: statehood
Front: statehood
[ˈsteɪthʊd] (14590/26307 -1)
Back: n. 国家地位; 州的地位或状态
分布：国家地位(70%)，州的状态或地位(30%)
noun uncountable
■the condition of being a country or a part of a large country that has its own government 国家地位；州（或邦）的地位
• The US-Mexican War of 1846-48 was sparked by a dispute over impending Texas statehood. 1846至1848年间的美墨战争是由德克萨斯即将建州这个问题引发的。

Word: polarisation

Word: seduce
Front: seduce
[sɪˈdju:s] (托 8606/9673 -2)
Vocabulary: seduce
(once / 807 pages)
v
To seduce is to lure or entice, particularly away from obligations or proper behavior. Often, seducing leads to sex.
Seduce means something close to attract, beguile, tempt, and mislead: a beautiful woman could seduce a dude, and a clever criminal could seduce the same dude into a life of crime. A gorgeous day could seduce you from doing your homework. When you're being seduced, it implies you're being tricked a little bit, often into something that's enticing but not so good. The word is used in a famous line from The Graduate: “Mrs. Robinson, you’re trying to seduce me.”
WORD FAMILY
seduce: seduced, seducer, seduces, seducing, seduction +/seducer: seducers/ seduction: seductions
USAGE EXAMPLES
But the moon, which seduces the grandfather with its promises of escape and redemption, presents its fabled “dark side” to his raving wife.
Slate(Nov 30, 2016)
Just about every dish is photographed to seduce.
Washington Post(Nov 28, 2016)
I longed to leave Holland and when an older man seduced me into becoming his wife and moving to Java, I leapt at the opportunity.
The Guardian(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 勾引，引诱; 诱奸（妇女）; 诱使…堕落; 迷惑，使入迷
时态：seduced, seducing, seduces
分布：引诱(47%)，勾引(34%)，怂恿(19%)
→se-,分开，-duc,拉，引导，词源同 traduce,conduct.即引偏，使偏离，引申诸相关词义。
勾引,诱惑(se+duce引→引开→勾引别人)[se-表示"分开,离开,区别开"]
勾引;诱奸(se离开+duce→引开→勾引)[duc,duct=lead,bring,表示"引导,带来"]
【记】se色，duce引导－用美色引导－勾引；诱使
【参】seductive（adj 诱人的）
【反】discourage（v 使气馁；阻碍）
US [-'du:s] verb
PERSUADE 劝诱
transitive
■to persuade someone to have sex with you, often someone younger than you, who has little experience of sex 勾引；诱奸
• Pete lost his virginity at 15 when he was seduced by his best friend's mother. 皮特在15岁时失去童贞，那时他被他最好的朋友的母亲勾引。
UK [sɪ'dju:s] US [-'du:s] verb
ATTRACT 吸引
transitive usually passive
■to cause someone to do something that they would not usually consider doing by being very attractive and difficult to refuse 引诱，诱惑
• I wouldn't normally have bought this, but I was seduced by the low price. 我平常不买这种东西，但这次受到了低价的诱惑。
• They were seduced into buying the washing machine by the offer of a free flight to the United States. 他们受到赠送美国免费机票的诱惑，买下了洗衣机。
transitive usually passive
■If you are seduced by something, you like it because it seems attractive 吸引，迷住
• Almost every visitor to Edinburgh is seduced by its splendid architecture. 几乎每一位去爱丁堡的游客都被其辉煌的建筑所吸引。
vt. 引诱；诱惑；诱奸；怂恿
 - encourage, induce

Word: adore
Front: adore
[əˈdɔ:(r)] (高研六托雅宝 7705/8708 -2)
Vocabulary: adore
(once / 249 pages)
v
Someone you adore gets put on a pedestal. Considering your fear of germs, when you told me that you had shared a toothbrush — I knew you must adore her!
Adore comes from the Latin word adorare, meaning “to worship.” So when you adore someone, it's more than just a crush. However, like many words of strong emotion, adore gets used in lighter situations as well. Your aunt tells me you just adore the miniature fruitcakes she sends you every holiday.
WORD FAMILY
adore: adorable, adoration, adored, adorer, adores, adoring+/ adorable: adorability, adorableness, adorabler, adorably/ adoration: adorations/adorer: adorers/adoring: adoringly
USAGE EXAMPLES
But not only do some Taiwanese adore Sun.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
It’s not that she hasn’t courted maximum attention, both adoring and hostile; she is, after all, starring in an E!
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
"Everyone adored him,'' she said. "A great sense of humour and a great humanitarian.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. 爱慕; 崇拜; 非常喜欢; 敬佩
vi. 崇拜; 爱慕
时态：adored, adoring, adores
分布：崇拜(68%)，爱慕(21%)，很喜欢(11%)
→前缀ad-, 去，往。词根or, 嘴，见orator, 演说家。该词原带有宗教色彩，赞美神，崇拜神。后指爱慕女神。
热爱,崇拜(ad一再+ore[=ora说]→一再说到→热爱)[ora,orat=mouth,表示"嘴,说"]
vt.崇拜,敬慕,爱慕;非常喜欢He adored her as a living goddess.他把她当作活女神崇拜.
【记】ad一再，ore讲话，祈祷－一再想和某人讲话－崇拜（某人）；
【参】adoration（n 爱慕，崇拜）oration（n 演讲）；inexorable（adj 说不动的，无情的）
US [-'dɔ:r] verb transitive not continuous
LOVE 爱
■to love someone very much, especially in an admiring or respectful way, or to like something very much （尤指崇敬地）爱慕，热爱；非常喜欢
• She has one son and she adores him. 她只有一个儿子，是她的掌上明珠。
• I absolutely adore chocolate. 我非常爱吃巧克力。
• [+ -ing verb] Don't you just adore lying in a hot bath? 你难道不喜欢泡热水澡吗？
UK [ə'dɔ:r] US [-'dɔ:r] verb transitive not continuous
RELIGION 宗教 formal
■to worship 崇拜；敬仰
• Let us adore God for all his works. 让我们崇拜上帝所创造的一切。
love, fancy, enjoy, prefer, like, adore
这组词都有“喜欢、喜爱”的意思，其区别是：
love: 不但表示强烈的喜欢，而且含依恋之情，因此多用于能激起深厚情感的人或物。
fancy: 指喜爱投合自己心意、嗜好或欲望等的人或物。
enjoy: 指对能提供感观或智力上满足或快乐的东西表示欣赏或喜爱。
prefer: 指有选择性或偏向性的喜欢。
like: 最常用词，往往只表不太强烈的兴趣或关注，不带强烈的感情，除非另加修饰语。
adore: 非正式用词，口语体。指非常喜爱，带强烈的感情色彩。
vt. 崇拜；爱慕；喜爱；极喜欢
 - enjoy, worship, love
vi. 崇拜；爱慕
 - sweetheart

Word: unmarried
Front: unmarried
[ˌʌnˈmærid] (高 9465/7635 -1)
Back: adj. 未婚的，独身的，单身的
v. 离婚(unmarry的过去分词)
分布：未婚的(78%)，未婚者(12%)，独身的(10%)
US [-'mer-] adjective
■not married 未婚的，单身的
• an unmarried mother 未婚妈妈
• Their youngest son is still unmarried. 他们的小儿子还是单身。
adj. [法] 未婚的；单身的；独身的
 - single, unwed

Word: tomato
Front: tomato
[təˈmɑ:təʊ] (中高研四六托 2400/4402 -K2)
Vocabulary: tomato
(once / 825 pages)
n
Although usually called a vegetable and eaten as such, the tomato is actually a fruit that can be eaten raw or cooked. It might be red or yellow in various sizes, and comes in shapes from round to pear-shaped.
Since the tomato is native to South America, it makes sense that its name is based in the Spanish tomate, and can be traced to the Aztecs, whose language, Nahuatl, contained the word tomatl, or "the swelling fruit." In 1519, Cortez brought tomato seeds to Spain, where the plant was grown as an ornament but not for eating. The French called them pommes d'amour, or “love apples,” and in 1929 the word became American slang for a pretty girl.
WORD FAMILY
tomato: tomatoes, tomatos
USAGE EXAMPLES
Professor Kamoun experimented with editing the genes of a tomato plant so that it would no longer be susceptible to a particular disease.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Remove and discard the rosemary and thyme sprigs from the tomato mixture, then spoon it over the cooked chard.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Once the meat is browned, stir in the tomato paste over medium heat.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 番茄，西红柿; [俚语] 美女
分布：西红柿(75%)，蕃茄(25%)
→来自古班牙语 tomate,来自南美土著语 tomatl,西红柿，拼写受 potato 影响俗化。
n.西红柿Put the spotless potatoes, tomatoes and tobacco atoms into the hot pot.把无斑点的土豆,番茄和烟草微粒放进热锅里.
US [-'meɪ.tˌoʊ] (plural tomatoes)
noun countable or uncountable IMPROVER
■a round red sharp-tasting fruit with a lot of seeds which is eaten cooked or raw as a savoury food 番茄，西红柿
n. [园艺] 番茄，西红柿
 - tamarillo

Word: despot
Front: despot
[ˈdespɒt] (宝 21224/23363)
Vocabulary: despot
(once / 490 pages)
n
A despot, is a cruel, all-controlling ruler. For example, a despot does not allow people to speak out against the leadership, nor really want them to have much freedom at all.
The word despot came into English in the sixteenth century from Old French, but it traces all the way back to the Greek word despotes, meaning "master of a household, lord, absolute ruler." The word is often used to describe someone who abuses power and oppresses others. Obviously, it's not a nice thing to call someone, especially within earshot of the despot who has absolute power over you.
WORD FAMILY
despot: despotic, despotical, despotism, despots+/ despotic: despotically, despoticly/ despotism: despotisms
USAGE EXAMPLES
Fake “czars” were a major issue worthy of impeachment, but a Russian despot literally meddling in our democratic process is greeted with a group “whatevs.”
Salon(Dec 19, 2016)
Like a Central Asian despot, he continues to mix family with business with government.
Washington Post(Dec 18, 2016)
It’s subjective and infinitely malleable … Despots, autocrats and other cynical politicians are adept at manipulating pravda to their own ends.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 专制君主，专制者; 暴君
分布：暴君(94%)，专制者(6%)
→来自拉丁语despota, 来自dems-pota, 一家之主，dems, 家，词源同domicile. -pot, 权力，权威，词源同possible, potent. 引申词义绝对权力，暴君。
【记】de向下，pot（n 罐子）－只有暴君才会动不动就向下扔罐子身上有spot（n 血污）的人－暴君
【参】despotism（n 专制）；potent（adj 有力的）
US [-pɑ:t] noun countable
■a person, especially a ruler, who has unlimited power over other people, and often uses it unfairly and cruelly 专横者，专制者（尤指统治者）
• an evil despot 邪恶的暴君
• The king was regarded as having been a enlightened despot. 人们认为国王一直是一位开明的专制君主。
⇒ See also tyrant
n. 专制君主，暴君；独裁者
 - Pharaoh, tyrant

Word: hopelessly
Front: hopelessly
['həʊpləslɪ] (10800/9696)
Back: adv. 绝望地; 无望地; 无可救药地; 完完全全（用以表示强调）
分布：绝望地(76%)，无可救药的(12%)，无望的(12%)
US ['hoʊ-] adverb
■extremely, or in a way that makes you lose hope 彻底地；毫无希望地
• They met at university and fell hopelessly in love. 他们在上大学时相遇，并无可救药地坠入爱河。
• We were hopelessly lost. 我们彻底迷路了。
adv. 绝望地；无望地；无可救药地
 - desperately, irremediably

Word: overpay
Front: overpay
[ˌəʊvəˈpeɪ] (20761/35155)
Back: vt. 多付给（某人）钱，给（某人）过高报酬
时态：overpaid, overpaying, overpays
分布：多付(77%)，多给报酬(23%)
US [ˌoʊ.vɚ-] (overpaid, overpaid)
verb transitive often passive
■to pay someone too much 多付给…钱；给…过高报酬
• I felt I should tell my boss she'd overpaid me by £50. 我觉得我应该告诉老板，她多付我50英镑。
• disapproving City lawyers are grossly overpaid for what they do. 城市律师报酬过高。

Word: pointedly
Front: pointedly
[ˈpɔɪntɪdli] (12647/15377)
Back: adv. 尖地，明显地
分布：尖锐地(50%)，指向地(50%)
US [-tˌɪd-] adverb
■in a very obvious way, usually to express criticism or disapproval 显然地
• He pointedly ignored her after the show. 那场演出之后，很明显他不理她了。
adv. 尖锐地；指向地
 - acutely, pungently

Word: mischief
Front: mischief
[ˈmɪstʃɪf] (研六雅 11810/9589 -1)
Vocabulary: mischief
(once / 204 pages)
n
People who pull pranks, make jokes, and do things that annoy other people — but aren't really awful — are good at mischief.
Mischief is a word for things that are a little bad or reckless but ultimately harmless. Hitting someone with a spitball is mischief. Hitting them with a rock is dangerous and therefore much worse than mischief. Making mischief can be fun, as long as it doesn't get out of hand. People who do a lot of mischief are called "mischievous."
WORD FAMILY
mischief: mischiefs, mischievous +/ mischievous: mischievouser, mischievousest, mischievously, mischievousness/mischievousness: mischievousnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
The subtitle of Banks' book is "Tales of Mischief, Mayhem and Guerrilla Warfare in the EU Referendum Campaign".
Reuters(Jan 01, 2017)
Mr. Obama also hinted at additional retaliation, possibly unannounced, and we believe it would be justified to deter future mischief.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
But an investigation by the Spokane County Regional Animal Protection Service determined her mastiff and pit bull-Dalmation mix — named Mischief and Diesel, respectively — were responsible.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 损害，危害; 顽皮，淘气; 恶作剧; 祸根
分布：恶作剧(53%)，淘气(22%)，伤害(13%)，损害(11%)，捣蛋鬼(1%)
→mis-,坏的，错的，不好的，-chief,头，词源同captain,chief.此处用于比喻义发生，露头，即坏事发生的苗头，不幸，厄运，恶意，伤害。后词义弱化为指小孩淘气，恶作剧。
n.损害,伤害,危害;恶作剧,胡闹;灾祸The thief chief achieved the theft of a handkerchief for mischief.贼首领完成了偷手帕的恶作剧.
noun
uncountable
■behaviour, especially a child's, which is slightly bad but is not intended to cause serious harm or damage （尤指儿童的）恶作剧，淘气，捣蛋
• He needs a hobby to keep him busy and stop him from getting into mischief. 他需要培养一个爱好让他有事可忙，不再调皮捣蛋。
• Perhaps a new bike would keep him out of mischief. 也许一辆新脚踏车会让他不再淘气。
• I hope you haven't been up to any mischief while I was away. 我希望我不在时你没有搞甚么恶作剧。
countable
■a mischievous child 顽皮的小孩，淘气鬼
uncountable informal
■damage or harm 损害；伤害；危害
• criminal mischief 刑事毁坏
['mɪs.tʃɪf] noun
do sb/yourself a mischief UK informal
■to hurt someone or yourself 伤害（某人）／自己
• You'll do yourself a mischief if you're not careful with that knife. 如果你用那把刀时不小心，就会弄伤自己。
['mɪs.tʃɪf] noun
make mischief old-fashioned
■to say something which causes other people to be upset or annoyed with each other 搬弄是非，挑拨离间，制造不和
• My children often try to make mischief between me and my new husband. 我的孩子常常试图在我和我的新丈夫之间制造不和。
n. 恶作剧；伤害；顽皮；不和
 - harm, trick

Word: memorable
Front: memorable
[ˈmemərəbl] (托 6013/6063 -2)
Vocabulary: memorable
(once / 475 pages)
adj
The adjective memorable is good for describing something that you just can't forget, like the first time you ever saw your Uncle Marvin in his full clown costume.
Something that's memorable is easily remembered because of how unusual it is — like the time you saw your grandmother's cat using the toilet — or because it is meaningful or special like the memorable day when you met your best friend or the memorable concert in which you got to dance onstage with the singer. The Latin word for worthy of being remembered, memorabilis , is the root of memorable.
WORD FAMILY
memorable: memorability, memorabler, memorablest, memorably, unmemorable+/memorability: memorabilities/memorise: memorisation, memorised, memoriser, memorises, memorising/ memorize: memorization, memorized, memorizer, memorizes, memorizing/memorizer: memorizers/ memory: memorable, memories, memorise, memorize /unmemorable: unmemorably
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Cardinals also need offensive playmakers and blockers as Jackson returns from a memorable season of records, highlights and awards.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
If this is just a decent match, it will be memorable.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Still, the list also includes what are many of the most memorable dynasties in the Super Bowl era of NFL history.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 值得纪念的; 显著的，难忘的; 重大的，著名的
分布：难忘的(80%)，值得纪念的(20%)
→来自memory,记忆。即值得记忆的，难忘的。
adjective
 ADVANCED
■likely to be remembered or worth remembering 难忘的；值得纪念的
• a memorable performance 难忘的表演
• a memorable tune 难忘的曲调
• I haven't seen them since that memorable evening when the boat capsized. 自从发生翻船意外的那个令人难忘的晚上以后，我再没有见过他们。
adj. 显著的，难忘的；值得纪念的
 - obvious, prominent, marked, noted, outstanding

Word: powerless
Front: powerless
[ˈpaʊələs] (9305/8511 -1)
Back: adj. 无力的，无能的; 无权力的; 虚弱的; 无资源的
分布：无力的(77%)，无权的(17%)，无效能的(6%)
US ['paʊɚ-] adjective
■having no power 无力量的；无权力的
• The villagers are powerless against the armed invaders. 村民们在武装侵略者面前毫无抵抗能力。
• The police seem to be powerless (= unable) to prevent these attacks. 警方显得无能为力，无法阻止这些袭击。
adj. [劳经] 无力的；无能力的，无权的
 - weak, unable

Word: sequester
Front: sequester
[sɪˈkwestə(r)] (托宝 17824/34239)
Vocabulary: sequester
(once / 2851 pages)
v
The word sequester describes being kept away from others. If your sister tells you to stay out of the way so she can cook dinner for her new boyfriend, you might sequester yourself in your room.
Legal types may be familiar with the word sequester since it’s often used in relation to a jury for an important trial. In that case, members of the jury are sequestered, meaning they aren't allowed to watch the news or read articles that could influence their judgment. However, sequester can describe anyone who is isolated or hidden away from others, like a pop star sequestered in a hotel room, protected from fans' mania below.
WORD FAMILY
sequester: sequestered, sequestering, sequesters, sequestration+/sequestration: sequestrations
USAGE EXAMPLES
She tried to disappear, a tactic that included sequestering herself from fans and media during fight week.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Once sequestered, up to three million tons of carbon dioxide each year will be moved from Kemper to old oil fields through a pipeline.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 21, 2016)
Instead she is sequestered in the Presidential mansion.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: vt. 使隔绝，使隔离; <律>扣押
时态：sequestered, sequestering, sequesters
分布：扣押(50%)，使 ... 隔绝(25%)，隐退(25%)
→来自古法语 sequestrer,使分开，使隔离，来自拉丁语 sequestrare,使妥善保管，使安全，来自 sequester,中间的，调解的，引申词义中间人，调解人，受托人，可能来自 sequi,追随，跟随， 词源同 sequence,second.词义演变比较 seconder,支持者，后援者。后引申词义扣押，没收， 强制管理。
【记】sequ跟随，ester＝east：跟随到东方的古国隐居源于：sequestrate（v 扣押；没收；隐居）
【反】permit to mingle（使混合）
US [-tɚ] verb transitive
TAKE 拿 (also sequestrate) legal
■to take temporary possession of someone's property until they have paid back the money that they owe or until they have obeyed a court order 扣押（资 产）
UK [sɪ'kwes.tər] US [-tɚ] verb transitive
KEEP SEPARATE 使分开 US legal
■to keep a jury together in a place so that they cannot discuss the case with other people or read or hear news reports about it 隔离（陪审团）（以免其判断受外界影响）
vt. 使隔绝；使隐退；没收，扣押
 - seclude, expropriate

Word: anthem
Front: anthem
[ˈænθəm] (托雅宝 9491/10216 -1)
Vocabulary: anthem
(once / 1657 pages)
n
Rousing, reverential, sometimes even revolutionary, an anthem is a song that represents the ideals of a group of people.
Anthem comes from Old English antefn. The original word meant a song sung antiphonally, or in turns by two groups of singers. Today, anthem has little to do with the way the vocals are arranged and more to do with the content of the message. When a group of people sing an anthem, whether it’s the national anthem, or the anthem of your third-grader’s beetle-collecting club, they express their devotion to a cause they identify with.
WORD FAMILY
anthem: anthems
USAGE EXAMPLES
He sat on the bench when the national anthem was sung in the first two games of the preseason.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
And athletes’ celebrity shouldn’t inhibit their opportunity to express themselves, whether it’s their T-shirt, footwear or posture during the national anthem.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
According to his Facebook page, Stephen Conrad was living in Phoenix, Ariz., where he was the golf shop assistant at Anthem Golf and Country Club.
Golf Digest(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. [宗]赞美诗，圣歌，赞歌; 校歌; 国歌; 圣歌，赞歌
vt. 唱圣歌庆祝; 唱赞歌
分布：圣歌(54%)，赞美诗(46%)
→来自希腊词antiphona传入古英语的变体。前缀anti-, 相对。词根phone, 声音，歌。指对歌，神圣的音乐。后在英语里特指国歌。
【记】1）anth花－象花一样的歌－赞美歌2）an一首，them他们：一首他们一起唱的歌－国歌
noun countable
■a song which has special importance for a particular group of people, an organization or a country, often sung on a special occasion 国歌；（团体组织的）颂歌，赞歌
• The national anthems of the teams are played at the beginning of a big international football match. 在重大国际足球赛开赛时，演奏各参赛球队的国歌。
• John Lennon's "Imagine" has become the anthem of peace-lovers all over the world. 约翰‧蓝侬的《想像》已成为全世界和平爱好者的颂歌。
■a short religious song sung by a choir with organ music （宗教）颂歌
n. 赞美诗；圣歌
 - spiritual, chorale

Word: veer
Front: veer
[vɪə(r)] (托宝 8715/11480 -1)
Vocabulary: veer
(once / 1804 pages)
v
To veer is to make a sudden turn, like when a driver veers off the pavement or a pleasant conversation veers off in a troubling direction.
When you make any quick change of direction you veer. You can veer toward an attractive person at a party, leaving your friends mid-sentence. You veer away from an oncoming truck on the highway to avoid getting crushed. Originally, veer described a change in the direction of the wind, but as you can see, today, anyone or anything that changes direction veers.
WORD FAMILY
veer: veered, veering, veers+/veering: veerings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Once Midnight Storm motored ahead, he never was passed, though Dalmore appeared to draw even as they veered into the stretch.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
He veered to the baseline while Porter ran to the rim, and what happened next sent fans to their feet.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Seventeen people were hurt when a coach veered off a motorway slip road and overturned while driving in heavy fog.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vi. （尤指交通工具）改变方向或路线; （指谈话内容、人的行为或观点）突然改变; （指风）（在北半球按顺时针方向、在南半球按逆时针方向）逐渐转向; 风向顺时针转
vt. 使改变方向; （从…）突然改变方向; 使顺风; （谈话、行为或思想）离开主题（或常轨等）
n. （方向、位置的）改变
时态：veered, veering, veers
分布：转向(61%)，改变(39%)
→来自wer,弯，转，词源同versus,toward.
【记】ve表示胜利，er人：胜利的人的人生将为之改变方向。
【反】maintain constant（保持恒定）
US [vɪr] verb intransitive + adverb or preposition
■to change direction 改变方向；转向
• All of a sudden, the car veered off the road. 突然那辆车改变方向冲出了公路。
• Moments before crashing, the jet was seen veering sharply to the right. 坠机之前的一瞬间，有人看见那架喷气式飞机猛地转向右方。
• Three men were feared dead last night after a helicopter veered off course into an oil platform. 昨晚一架直升机偏离航线撞上了石油钻井平台，恐怕有三人因此死亡。
• Our talk soon veered onto the subject of football. 我们的谈话很快就转到了足球上。
vi. 转向；改变观点；风向顺时针转；调转船尾向上风
 - swing, turn towards
vt. 使转向；使顺风；使船尾向上风
 - deflect
n. 转向；方向的转变
 - turning, obversion

Word: antics
Front: antics
[ˈæntɪks] (12653/- -1)
Back: n. 古怪、可笑的举动，滑稽动作; 古怪姿态; 愚蠢的、可能会带来问题的行为
分布：古怪滑稽的动作(67%)，名词antic的复数形式.(33%)
→来自前缀ante-, 在前, 先前。指食古不化的人。
US [-tˌɪks] plural noun
■funny, silly or strange behaviour 古怪而可笑的举动；噱头
• But the rock-star whose stage antics used to include smashing guitars is older and wiser now. 这个摇滚歌星以前常耍诸如摔碎吉他之类的噱头，但是随着年龄增长，他现在变得理性多了。
• The crowds were once again entertained by the number one tennis player's antics on and off the court. 这位头号网球运动员在场上场下做的滑稽动作再次把观众逗得开怀不已。
n. 滑稽动作；古怪姿态
 - funniment

Word: austere
Front: austere
[ɒˈstɪə(r)] (宝 13720/11570)
Vocabulary: austere
(once / 583 pages)
adj
The adjective austere is used to describe something or someone stern or without any decoration. You wouldn't want someone to describe you or your home as austere.
Austere is not usually a positive word because it means that a person or a thing isn't pleasurable. For example, if you go on an austere diet, it's likely you wouldn't ever get to have candy. The adjective comes into English by way of French, Latin, and Greek, meaning "harsh" and "dry." It's pronounced as "ah-STEER," with an emphasis on the second syllable.
WORD FAMILY
austere: austerely, austereness, austerer, austerest, austerity +/ austerity: austerities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Yet there is a negative side to austere living.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
The songs on “I See You” no longer insist on the austere minimalism of the band’s first two albums.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
One argued his firm's party was more austere than in prior years, and that festive Instagram photos with ostentatious hashtags misrepresented it.
Reuters(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 朴素的，简朴的; 严峻的，严厉的; 苦行的; 一丝不苟的
分布：简朴的(44%)，严厉的(27%)，苦行的(23%)，紧缩的(6%)
严肃的;朴素的[auster=severe(严重的)]
【记】au读：诶哟，stere冷－诶哟，好一个冷美人－朴素的
【参】stern（adj 严厉的）
【反】baroque（adj 结构复杂的）；lavish（adj 浪费的）；
US [ɑ:'stɪr] adjective
■very simple and without comfort or unnecessary things, especially because of severe limits on money or goods 简朴的；艰苦的；朴素的，无装饰的；严峻的，严厉的
• an austere childhood during the war 战火中苦难的童年生活
■plain and without decoration 不加修饰的
• The courtroom was a large dark chamber, an austere place. 法庭是一个又大又阴暗的房间，气氛森严。
■very strict and unfriendly in manner 严厉的；严格的
• He was a tall, austere, forbidding figure. 他身材高大，神色严肃，令人生畏。
adj. 严峻的；简朴的；苦行的；无装饰的
 - severe, naked

Word: testament
Front: testament
[ˈtestəmənt] (宝 9393/4833 -1)
Vocabulary: testament
(once / 3147 pages)
n
A testament is a statement of belief. The most famous testaments are the two parts of the Christian Bible: the Old and New Testaments.
A testament states a belief or gives some kind of direction. The document people leave behind at death is known as the "last will and testament." It gives lawyers directions for dividing their possessions among family and friends. Also, you could say that an A in math class is a testament to your math skills. If you give to charity, that’s a testament to your character. Any testament is a strong statement of some kind.
WORD FAMILY
testament: testamentary, testaments
USAGE EXAMPLES
They did spend much of the fall as a testament to the weight of expectation.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Another testament to the success of the program is the fact that most kids return to the program from one year to the next.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Of course, there is no better testament to the dangers of naïve optimism than “Candide.”
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. [法] 遗嘱; （基督教）圣约书; 确实的证明; 誓约
分布：证明(76%)，圣经旧约(14%)，圣经新约(7%)，自白(3%)
→test-,见证，证明，-ment,名词后缀。
['tes.tə.mənt] formal
noun countable or uncountable
■proof 证明；验证
• The detail of her wildlife paintings is (a) testament to (= proof of) her powers of observation. 她画野生动物十分细致，这证明她有很强的观察能力。
n. [法] 遗嘱；圣约；确实的证明
 - will away, covenant

Word: backlog
Front: backlog
[ˈbæklɒg] (14476/14585 -1)
Vocabulary: backlog
(once / 6372 pages)
1nv 2n
When you have extra work to do that keeps accumulating, you have a backlog. Sometimes people stay late at their jobs to take care of a backlog.
A backlog of tasks might slow down an ordinary day at an office or store, or require workers to come in on the weekend to catch up. In 1680, a backlog meant "a large log placed at the back of a fireplace," and by the 1880s it came to also mean "something stored for later use." It wasn't until the early 20th century that a backlog most often referred to "extra unfulfilled orders."
WORD FAMILY
backlog: backlogged, backlogging, backlogs
USAGE EXAMPLES
The bigger the backlog in immigration court, the harder it is to find room for new arrivals in the detention system.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The assurances of big future orders and a healthy backlog — the first anyway — fell prey to the very slow global economy.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
There’s already often a backlog of patients waiting in emergency room to get into the state psychiatric hospital.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 积压未办之事; 没交付的订货; 存货，储备
vt. （使）积压; 储存
时态：backlogged, backlogging, backlogs
分布：积压(97%)，存货(1%)，积压待办事项(1%)，垫底大木头(1%)
US [-lɑ:g] noun countable usually singular
■a large amount of things that you should have done before and must do now 积压的工作
• I've got a huge backlog of work to do. 我有大量积压的工作要做。
n. [管理] 积压的工作；积压待办的事务；大木材
 - summerwood
vt. [计] [贸易] 储备；把…积压起来
 - reserve

Word: bolton

Word: beetle
Front: beetle
[ˈbi:tl] (六 7196/8094 -1)
Vocabulary: beetle
(once / 916 pages)
1nv 2nv 3vadj
A beetle is a dark, shiny, hard-shelled insect. Your garden-loving grandmother will be distressed when she discovers her prize roses are infested with hungry beetles.
A beetle usually has pincers or a biting mouth in front and wings that are hard and protective, forming a kind of shell or armor over its body. There are around 400,000 different species of beetles, and they make up a quarter of all known animals. The beetles people are most familiar with are garden pests, nibbling on plants and flowers. The Old English word for beetle, bitela, literally means "little biter."
WORD FAMILY
beetle: beetled, beetles, beetling
USAGE EXAMPLES
Its modest backyard contained a wealth of beetles.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
And when the ancient beasts disappeared, so, too, did some of these beetles.
Science Magazine(Dec 23, 2016)
And it's not uncommon to find ancient beetles, ants and other insects trapped in the fossilised tree sap.
BBC(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 甲壳虫; 大槌; 捶布机
vt. & vi. 快速移动; 用大槌捶打
时态：beetled, beetling, beetles
分布：甲虫(92%)，突出(3%)，木槌(1%)，显著的(1%)，用木槌捶(1%)，突出的(1%)，快速移动(1%)
→词源同bite, 咬。
US [-tˌl] noun countable
■an insect with a hard shell-like back 甲虫
• a black beetle 黑甲虫
• a death watch beetle 蛀木虫
• a dung beetle 蜣螂
UK ['bi:.tl] US [-tˌl] verb intransitive UK informal
■to go somewhere quickly 匆忙赶住
• Hoping to miss the traffic jams, she beetled off home at four o'clock. 为避开交通挤塞，她四点钟就匆忙赶回家了。
vi. 急忙来回；突出
 - stand out, excel at
n. [昆] 甲虫； [建] 大槌
 - maul

Word: bland
Front: bland
[blænd] (托宝 10017/8654 -2)
Vocabulary: bland
(once / 731 pages)
adj
When you have a nasty cold and you’re very congested, food can taste unappealingly bland. That means dull, flavorless, or just plain “blah.”
Bland comes to us from the Latin word blandus, meaning “mild, smooth, flattering, alluring.” Funny, because today you wouldn't say there's anything "alluring" about something bland. People still use bland to mean pleasant and tranquil, but it more often has a negative connotation. Use it to describe plain old oatmeal before you’ve added brown sugar and berries to it, or to depict the forgettable, uninteresting personality of the lunch lady who served it to you.
WORD FAMILY
bland: blander, blandest, blandly, blandness
USAGE EXAMPLES
New York’s own offense was bland, punting to end eight of its 12 drives, but it mustered up enough to get the job done.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
The bland, mouth-coating sensation of the powdered beans with which they are dusted is pleasant, but not compelling.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Fire Chief Jim Bland says the blaze was started by a cigarette igniting the oxygen inside an oxygen generator.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 温和的，和蔼的; 平和的; 味道温和的; 无动于衷的
级别：blander, blandest
分布：温和的(73%)，平淡无奇的(15%)，不油腻的(6%)，引不起兴趣的(6%)
→来自词根mel, 软的，见melt, 熔化。字母m,b音变。原指说软话的，奉承，讨好，后指温和的。
【反】tangy（adj 扑鼻的，有刺激性的）tang拼：烫，东西特别烫就会味道浓，因为布朗运动的原因。
[blænd] usually disapproving
adjective
■not having a strong taste or character or not showing any interest or energy 无滋味的；枯燥乏味的；没精打采的，无生气的
• I find chicken a little bland. 我觉得鸡肉有点淡。
• Pop music these days is so bland. 现今的流行音乐十分乏味。
adj. [食品] 乏味的；温和的；冷漠的
 - pacific, distant, soft, moderate, gentle

Word: marker
Front: marker
[ˈmɑ:kə(r)] (4811/5007 -1)
Vocabulary: marker
(once / 3079 pages)
n
A marker is an ink-filled pen with a wide tip. Kids often use washable markers, while adults are usually trusted with the permanent type.
Permanent markers contain ink that can't be washed away, and they're useful for labeling and marking things like cardboard boxes and file folders. Another kind of marker is a highlighter, which you can use to make important words or phrases in a book stand out with a line of translucent neon ink. A different meaning of marker is "something that marks a route or specific place." Markers along a hiking trail help keep you from getting lost.
WORD FAMILY
marker: markers+/ mark: marked, marker, marking, marks/ marked: markedly, unmarked/marking: markings/unmarked: unmarkedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
When happy with the initial sketch, she transfers the design to metal, often with a fine-point marker.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
He and his colleagues counted daily growth markers in the teeth, calculating that tooth growth accounted for about 40 percent of incubation time.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Architectural nods to the old lodge create a “rustic, industrial look,” said Kevin Gosche, general manager for Thomas & Marker Construction.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 标识，标记; 记号笔，阅卷人; 防守队员; 特征
分布：标记(94%)，记分员(5%)，做记号的人(1%)
US ['mɑ:r.kɚ] noun countable
SYMBOL 标志
■a sign which shows where something is 标识，标志
• I've put in some markers where I planted the seeds. 我在播种的地方放了些标志物。
• She reached the 500-metre marker in record time. 她以破纪录的时间到达了500米标志线。
UK ['mɑ:.kər] US ['mɑ:r.kɚ] noun countable
PEN 笔 (also marker pen)
■a thick pen for writing or drawing 记号笔
n. 记分员；书签；标识物；作记号的人
 - scorer, bookmark

Word: hum
Front: hum
[hʌm] (研六雅 6823/10116 -2)
Vocabulary: hum
(once / 450 pages)
vn
To hum is to make a low, steady, singing sound with your mouth closed. If you don't know the words to a song on the radio, you can just hum along.
Other hums are based on the musical hum, making a similar low, constant sound. Bees hum, an electric fan hums, and your car idling quietly also hums. A figurative way to hum is to be busy and loud: "The cafe always seemed to hum with activity." The word hum is imitative (it sounds like the noise it describes), but its earliest form was hommen, in the 1500s, meaning "make a murmuring sound to cover embarrassment."
WORD FAMILY
hum: hummed, hummer, humming, hums+/hummer: hummers/humming: hummings
USAGE EXAMPLES
At Jo-Ann Fabric, the sewing aisle, a beacon of immigrant industriousness, was humming.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
But the pharmacy business keeps humming along nicely, with comps rising 3.4 percent during the same time frame.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Sometimes, I would hum the sound of the keys as I tapped on the cardboard.
The New Yorker(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: vt. 哼唱
vi. 忙碌，活跃; 发嗡嗡声; 发出嘈杂声
n. 嗡嗡声; 杂音; 哼唱的动作
int. 哼; 嗯
时态：hummed, humming, hums
分布：哼(42%)，嗡嗡声(30%)，活跃(12%)，杂声(8%)，哼声(5%)，发低哼声(3%)
→拟声词，嗡嗡叫的声音。
v.哼曲子;发嗡嗡声;忙碌n.嗡嗡声,嘈杂声She hummed a song to herself.她独自哼着一首歌.
verb (-mm-)
intransitive
■to make a continuous low sound 发出连续低沉的声音，嗡嗡作响
• The computers were humming in the background. 电脑在某个不显眼的地方嗡嗡作响。
• What's that strange humming sound? 那种奇怪的嗡嗡声是甚么？
intransitive or transitive
■to sing without opening your mouth 哼（曲子）
• She hummed to herself as she walked to school. 她在上学的路上边走边哼曲子。
• I've forgotten how that tune goes - could you hum it for me? 我忘了那个调子怎么唱——你能帮我哼一下吗？
intransitive informal
■to be busy and full of activity, excitement, sounds or voices 忙乱；忙碌；嘈杂
• The pub was really humming last night. 昨晚酒吧里一片乱哄哄的。
[hʌm] verb (-mm-)
hum and haw UK (US hem and haw)
■to be uncertain and take a long time （长时间）犹豫不决
• We hummed and hawed for months before actually deciding to buy the house. 在真正决定买这房子之前，我们犹豫了好几个月。
[hʌm] noun countable usually singular
■a continuous low noise 持续低沉的噪音；嗡嗡声
• Our house is on a main road, so we can hear the constant hum of traffic. 我们的房子在大马路边，所以会听见持续不断的交通噪音。
• There's an annoying hum on this computer. 这台电脑总是发出一种让人心烦的嗡嗡声。
hum, sing
这组词都有“唱”的意思，其区别是：
hum: 指闭着双唇而不唱出字来，低语般的哼唱。
sing: 普通用词，泛指一般的歌唱或发出悦耳的声音。
n. 嗡嗡声；哼声；杂声
 - groaning, zoom
int. 哼；嗯
 - uh-uh, um

Word: courtesy
Front: courtesy
[ˈkɜ:təsi] (研六雅 5380/5265 -2)
Vocabulary: courtesy
(once / 304 pages)
n
A courtesy is a polite remark or respectful act. Complain about a bad meal, and you might get kicked out. But the common courtesy is usually an apology from the manager and, if you're lucky, a free dinner.
Courtesy is all about using your good manners, which is why it shares roots with the word courteous. Holding the door open for someone, writing a thank-you note for a gift, and letting the pregnant lady have the last seat on the bus are all courtesies that would make your parents proud. And if something is kindly presented to you free of charge, the gift-giver may say it's "courtesy of" someone special.
WORD FAMILY
courtesy: courtesies, discourtesy+/discourtesy: discourtesies
USAGE EXAMPLES
To Petersen, it’s about the players realizing now, courtesy of Alabama, what it required of them and building from that.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
My wife likes more sophisticated worldviews, and she can’t bring herself to treat my mother with a minimum level of courtesy.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
To see the steady progress in life expectancy for yourself, explore the interactive chart below, courtesy of Our World in Data.
Slate(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 谦恭有礼，礼貌，请安; 有礼貌的举止[言词]; 承蒙
adj. 殷勤的; 出于礼节的
分布：礼貌(91%)，好意(9%)
→来自court, 宫廷，宫廷礼仪。
n.谦恭有礼;有礼貌的举止(或言词)By courtesy of the mourner, he endeavours to devour the nourishing odour.承蒙哀悼者同意,他努力吞食滋养气味.
US ['kɝ:.tˌə-] noun countable or uncountable
 ADVANCED
■polite behaviour, or a polite action or remark 谦恭有礼的举止，礼貌；礼节；客气话
• You might get on better with your parents if you showed them some courtesy. 要是你对父母礼貌些，或许会和他们相处得更好。
• [+ to infinitive] He could at least have had the courtesy to say sorry. 他至少应该知道说句对不起。
• The President welcomed the Queen with the usual courtesies. 总统以惯常的礼仪规格欢迎女王。
(by) courtesy of
■by permission of 承蒙…的允许
• Phil Collins appears on the album courtesy of Virgin Records. 承蒙维京唱片公司支援，菲尔‧柯林斯发行了唱片专辑。
■because of 因为，由于
• Did the Conservatives win courtesy of the division of the opposition vote between Labour and the Liberal Democrats? 是因为反对派的选票在工党和自由民主党之间过于分散保守党才获胜的吗？
n. 礼貌；好意；恩惠
 - grace, kindness
adj. 殷勤的；被承认的；出于礼节的
 - red-carpet, complaisant

Word: skirt
Front: skirt
[skɜ:t] (中高雅宝 3637/3590 -K2)
Back: n. 裙子; 边缘; （连衣裙、外衣等的）下摆; （车辆或机器基座的）挡板
vt. & vi. 位于…的边缘; 沿…的边缘走; 绕开; 避开
时态：skirted, skirting, skirts
分布：裙子(87%)，绕开(5%)，边缘(3%)，下摆(3%)，挡板(1%)，郊区(1%)
→来自 shirt 对词形式，后产生词义上的分化，shirt 用于指男士衬衫，该词用于指女裙，裙摆， 并引申比喻义挡板，裙板，环绕等，如 outskirt,外围，郊区。
n.裙子;边缘,郊区The virtueless girl's duty is to wash the dirty shirts and skirts in the outskirts.无美德女孩的职责就是在郊区洗脏衬衣和裙子.
【记】穿skirt的女人擅长skirt问题。
【反】seek（v 寻找；探索）；face（v 面对；面临）
US [skɝ:t] noun countable
 IMPROVER
■a piece of clothing for women and girls that hangs from the waist and does not have legs 女裙，半身裙
• a long/short skirt 长／短裙
■an outer covering or part to protect particular machines （保护机器的）外罩，护板
UK [skɜ:t] US [skɝ:t] verb transitive intransitive + prep (also skirt around/round)
■to be on or move along the edge of something; to avoid 位于…的边缘；环绕…的四周；沿…的边缘走；避免
• Take the road which skirts (round) the village, not the one which goes through it. 沿村边的那条路走，不要走穿过村庄的那条路。
■to avoid discussing a subject or problem, usually because there are difficulties that you do not want to deal with 避开，绕开（某话题或问题）
• Though the government has promised to deal with drug abuse, it has been accused of skirting round the issue. 虽然政府承诺要解决毒品滥用问题，但还是被指责在闪躲回避。
n. 裙子
 - petticoat
vt. 绕过，回避；位于…边缘
 - move round, shun
vi. 沿边走，绕开；环绕
 - steer clear of, circle round

Word: persistence
Front: persistence
[pəˈsɪstəns] (六托宝 7491/8650)
Vocabulary: persistence
(once / 1591 pages)
n
Persistence is the ability to stick with something. If you practice the violin for over a year in order to play "Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star" perfectly, that's persistence!
Persistence can also mean something that lasts for a very long time. The persistence of bullying, despite years of efforts by the school, has frustrated many parents. Bed bugs are known for their persistence. Despite near eradication in the 1950s, they are back and harder to eliminate than ever.
WORD FAMILY
persistence: persistences+/ persist: persisted, persistency, persistent, persisting, persists/persistency: persistencies/ persistent: persistence, persistently/ persisting: persistingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
In “Mastering the Art of Quitting,” for example, Peg Streep and Alan Bernstein reject the “myth of persistence.”
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The persistence capped a dominant defensive effort by the Cavaliers in a 69-56 win.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Victor adds new bits to an existing sequence each week, so regulars are rewarded for their persistence.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 坚持不懈; 执意; 持续; 留存，（萤光屏上余辉的）保留时间
分布：坚持(71%)，毅力(29%)
US [pɚ-] noun uncountable
■when someone or something persists 持续存在；坚持不懈，执意
• Most financial analysts have been surprised by the persistence of the recession. 大多数金融分析师都对这种持续的衰退感到惊讶。
• Her persistence and enthusiasm have helped the group to achieve its international success. 她的坚持不懈和满腔热忱帮助该集团在国际上获得成功。
n. 持续；固执；存留
 - duration, standing

Word: scout

Word: terrestrial
Front: terrestrial
[təˈrestriəl] (托雅宝 9615/12737 -1)
Vocabulary: terrestrial
(once / 1425 pages)
adj
Not straying far from its Latin root terra meaning "earth," terrestrial means "of the earth." If it's terrestrial, you'll find it on earth. If it's extraterrestrial, you'll find it emerging from a UFO.
The adjective terrestrial can also be used to describe something that lives on land (as opposed to living in water, for example). "On their trip to the rain forest, the scientists were charged with cataloging terrestrial animals. Another group was going to be in charge of cataloging the aquatic animals." The adjective can also be used to describe something that is mundane in character. The teenager cried, "My life is boring and full of terrestrial events like going to band practice and to class!"
WORD FAMILY
terrestrial: semiterrestrial, terrestrially
USAGE EXAMPLES
"These aerial flows are an unappreciated aspect of terrestrial ecosystems, equivalent to the oceanic movements of plankton which power the oceanic food chains."
Reuters(Dec 22, 2016)
It says it also plans to grant licences to private terrestrial ones early next year.
Economist(Dec 09, 2016)
Romer’s gap thus seems to be the time when tetrapods became unequivocally terrestrial.
Economist(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: adj. 陆地的; 地球的; 人间的; <天>类地行星的
n. 地球人，陆地生物
分布：地球的(43%)，陆地的(27%)，陆生的(23%)，地球生物(7%)
→terra-,土地，陆地，-ster,名词后缀。引申词义陆地的，陆栖的。比较 celestial.
地球的,陆地的(terrestr地球+ial)[-ial表形容词"有…的"]
adjective
EARTH 地球的 formal
■relating to the planet Earth 地球的；与地球有关的 Compare extraterrestrial
[tə'res.tri.əl] adjective
ANIMALS 动物的 specialized
■(of animals) living on the land rather than in the sea or air （动物）陆生的，陆栖的
[tə'res.tri.əl] adjective
TELEVISION 电视的 formal
■describes television channels which are broadcast from stations on the ground and do not use satellites （电视频道）陆地上的，地面上的（与卫星相对而言）
adj. [天] 地球的； [生物] 陆地的，陆生的；人间的
 - earthly, telluric

Word: spurt
Front: spurt
[spɜ:t] (托 14565/19042 -1)
Back: vt. & vi. （液体，火焰等）喷出，（使）涌出
n. （怒气，精力等的）迸发; 突然喷出
时态：spurted, spurting, spurts
分布：冲刺(55%)，喷出(35%)，突然一阵(5%)，突然高涨(5%)
→来自拟声词根辅音丛 sp-,吐，喷出，比较 spate,spew,spit,spout,sputter.
US [spɝ:t] verb intransitive or transitive
LIQUID 液体
■to (cause to) flow out suddenly and with force, in a fast stream （使）喷出，（使）冒出，（使）涌出
• Blood was spurting out all over the place. 血喷得到处都是。
• His arm was spurting blood where the vein had been severed. 他手臂上割破的血管正在往外喷血。
UK [spɜ:t] US [spɝ:t] verb intransitive or transitive
INCREASE 增加 mainly US to increase or grow very quickly, or to suddenly increase by a particular amount （使）激增，（使）急遽上升
• Shares of the jewellery-store chain spurted $6. 珠宝连锁店的股价飙升了六美元。
UK [spɜ:t] US [spɝ:t] noun countable
INCREASE 增加
■a sudden and short period of increased activity, effort or speed （活动、干劲的）短时激增，迸发；突然加速，冲刺
• There was a sudden spurt of activity in the housing market. 房地产市场突然活跃了起来。
• He tends to work in spurts. 他工作起来往往时而松懈时而认真。
UK [spɜ:t] US [spɝ:t] noun countable
LIQUID 液体
■a sudden fast stream of liquid （液体等的）喷射
• The water came out in spurts. 水喷涌而出。
vi. 冲刺；喷出；迸发
 - belch out, spout out
n. 冲刺；喷射
 - emission, jet
vt. 喷射；喷出
 - to spray, eject

Word: lid
Front: lid
[lɪd] (高研四六 4658/4537 -K2)
Vocabulary: lid
(once / 531 pages)
n
A lid is a top, or a cap — some kind of removable or hinged cover for a container. If you forget to put the lid on your tin of cat food, you may discover that your cat and dog have eaten it all by the end of the day.
The lid on your trash can keeps raccoons out of it, and the lid on your travel mug keeps your tea hot for hours. Another lid is your eyelid, the skin that moves over your eyeball like a lid: "Her heavy lids told me she didn't sleep at all." A lid is also slang for a hat or a helmet, and if someone says, "Put a lid on it," they're telling you (somewhat rudely) to quiet down.
WORD FAMILY
lid: lidless, lids
USAGE EXAMPLES
When I’m lying in my coffin and they pull back the lid, the smile on my face will be from that day in Korea.”
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
One of his other legacies was helping to create a coffee cup lid that may now be as prevalent as the Solo cup.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
An obituary on the funeral home’s website credits Hulseman with developing the Red Solo Cup and the Traveler coffee cup lid.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 盖子; 限制; [口]果盖; [口]遮盖
vt. 给…盖盖子
分布：盖子(86%)，眼睑(13%)，给 ... 装盖子(1%)
→来自古英语hlid,盖子，覆盖，开口，来自klei,倾斜，词源同lean.
n.盖The man who broke the sole solid lid is solemnly condemned.打破这个仅有的实心盖子的人受到庄严谴责.
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a cover on a container, which can be lifted up or removed 盖，盖子
• Can you get the lid off this jar? 你能把罐子的盖打开吗？
• Put a lid on the saucepan. 给平底深锅盖上盖子。
■an eyelid (= either of the two pieces of skin which can close over each eye) 眼睑，眼皮
• She looked at him from under half-closed lids. 她眯着眼睛看着他。
[lɪd] noun countable
blow/take the lid off sth (also lift the lid on sth) informal
■to cause something bad that was previously kept secret to be known by the public 揭露…的真相
• In 1989 they started an investigation that was to blow the lid off corruption in the police force. 1989年他们开始调查，意图揭露员警队伍中的腐败现象。
[lɪd] noun countable
keep the lid on sth informal
■to control the level of something in order to stop it increasing 防止…失控；限制，压制
• The government have intervened to keep a lid on inflation. 政府已对通货膨胀进行了干预限制。
[lɪd] noun countable
put the lid on sth UK old-fashioned
■If something that happens puts the lid on a plan, it causes the plan to fail 使…失败，使（计划）落空
• Well, James' resignation just about puts the lid on it /the project. 詹姆斯的辞职几乎使它／该专案流产。
lid, cover
这组词都有“盖子，遮盖物”的意思，其区别是：
lid: 通常指可以揭开的如箱盖、坛盖、壶盖等盖子。
cover: 泛指所有的遮盖物。包括盖子或书籍、杂志的封面等。
n. 盖子；眼睑；限制
 - limitation, qualification, restriction, cover

Word: momentous
Front: momentous
[məˈmentəs] (托雅宝 12634/11532 -1)
Vocabulary: momentous
(once / 1172 pages)
adj
Momentous describes an important event or moment in time. It is used for a time of great consequence or for a major accomplishment, and is almost always reserved for good things.
When a moment is so great you know you'll never forget it, you have just experienced something momentous. It can be personal — perhaps the day you were named prom queen; or something historic — like the day Elizabeth was named Queen of England. Momentous and momentary share the root word moment but momentary describes just one fleeting moment in time. A momentary occurrence can certainly be momentous, but it's not always the case.
WORD FAMILY
momentous: momentously, momentousness+/ moment: momentaneous, momentary, momentous, moments/ momentary: momentarily
USAGE EXAMPLES
The National Defense Authorization Act, a year-end policy bill encompassing virtually every aspect of the U.S. military, contained two provisions with potentially momentous consequences.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
It represents a momentous victory for President Bashar Assad and a crushing defeat for Syria's opposition, which will struggle to forge a way forward.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
It represents a momentous victory for President Bashar Assad and a crushing defeat for Syria’s opposition which will struggle to forge a way forward.
Time(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 重大的; 重要的
分布：重要的(60%)，重大的(40%)
→来自moment,片刻，瞬间。即片刻的，引申词义转瞬即逝的，关键的，重要的。
【记】moment（n 关键时刻；重要性）
US [-tˌəs] adjective
■very important because of effects on future events 重大的，重要的
• the momentous news of the President's death 总统去世的重大消息
• Whether or not to move overseas was a momentous decision for the family. 是否移居海外对这个家庭来说是个重要的决定。
momentous, significant, important
这组词都有“重要的，重大的”的意思，其区别是：
momentous: 指极其重要的。
significant: 指某事物由于特别优秀或特别有意义而显得重要与突出。
important: 最普通用词，指有权威、有影响的人或值得注意的、有价值的事物。
adj. 重要的；重大的
 - important, crucial, considerable, material, big

Word: dynamism
Front: dynamism
[ˈdaɪnəmɪzəm] (17078/18751 -1)
Back: n. （人的）活力; 精力，魄力; 劲头; [哲]物力论，力本学
分布：活力(93%)，精力(6%)，力本说(1%)
noun uncountable
■the quality of being dynamic 活力，精力
• She has a freshness and dynamism about her. 她浑身洋溢着清新活泼的气息。
n. 活力；动态；物力论；推动力；精神动力作用
 - trends, vitality, energy, spring, vigor

Word: affirm
Front: affirm
[əˈfɜ:m] (研六托雅宝 5714/7903 -2)
Vocabulary: affirm
(once / 332 pages)
v
To affirm something is to give it a big "YES" or to confirm that it is true.
The verb affirm means to answer positively, but it has a more weighty meaning in legal circles. People are asked to swear an oath or affirm that they will tell the truth in a court of law. Lawyers may ask people to affirm facts, and judges may affirm rulings. In these cases, affirm means to verify or attest to the validity of something.
WORD FAMILY
affirm: affirmable, affirmation, affirmative, affirmatory, affirmer, affirming, affirms, reaffirm +/ affirmation: affirmations, disaffirmation/ affirmative: affirmatively, affirmativeness, affirmatives/affirmer: affirmers/ reaffirm: reaffirmation, reaffirmed, reaffirming, reaffirms/reaffirmation: reaffirmations
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Arizona Court of Appeals released the ruling on Tuesday affirming the lower court’s decision to dismiss the suit.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
This event was an affirming celebration of that tradition, as well as a profound statement of our larger communality.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
This language effectively defines Israel’s borders, even while superficially affirming direct talks.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 断言，肯定; 证实，确实; [法]不经宣誓而庄严宣布; 承认
时态：affirmed, affirming, affirms
分布：肯定(63%)，断言(21%)，证实(16%)
→前缀af-同ad-, 去，往。firm, 确认。
肯定(af+firm坚定→肯定)[ab-,ac-,ad-,af-,ag-,an-,ap-,ar-,as-,at-等加在同辅音字母的词根前,表示"一再"等加强意]
断言;证实(ar一再+firm→一再坚定地说→证实)[firm=firm,表示"坚定"]
vt.断言,坚持声称;肯定;证实,确认;He affirmed his love for Jessica.他肯定自己爱杰西卡.
【记】af朝向，firm增强，坚定－断言，肯定
【反】recant（v 放弃信仰，主张）；gainsay（v 否定，否认）；abjure（vt 发誓放弃，公开放弃）；
US [-'fɝ:m] formal
verb transitive
■to state something as true 证实；确认；断言
• [+ (that)] The suspect affirmed (that) he had been at home all evening. 嫌疑犯声称他整个晚上都呆在家中。
• She affirmed her intention to apply for the post. 她承认自己有意应征这个职位。
■to publicly state your support for an opinion or idea （公开）声明
• The government has affirmed its commitment to equal rights. 政府声明了其致力于权利平等的承诺。
allege, testify, affirm, maintain, assert, claim
这组词都有“断言，声称”的意思，其区别是：
allege: 多指无真凭实据，不提供证据的断言或宣称。
testify: 多指在法庭作证，庄严地宣称自己所说属实。
affirm: 侧重在作出断言时表现出的坚定与不可动摇的态度。
maintain: 与assert近义，但前者指坚决维护某种主张或观点。
assert: 主观意味强，指自认为某事就是如此，而不管事实如何。
claim: 可与assert换用，但语气弱一些，侧重指行为自己的权利提出要求他人承认。
allege, affirm, announce, proclaim, assert, claim
这组词都有“声称”的意思，其区别是：
allege: v.在无真凭实据的情况下宣称、断定。
 • The suspect alleged that he had not been in the neighborhood at the time of the crime.   嫌疑犯声称案发时他不在现场。
affirm: v.坚信不疑地肯定或宣称，是deny的反义词。
 • He affirmed his love for her.   他发誓爱她。
announce: v.宣布，宣告。多指首次当众正式宣布某一主张或态度，常常带有预告的意味。
 • The invention of the printing press announced the diffusion of knowledge.   印刷术的发明宣告了知识普及时代的来临。
proclaim: v.宣布；宣告(成立)。指经过深思熟虑后向大众宣布一个明确的决定或判断，尤其指重大事件的宣布，多用于官方场合。
 • The president proclaimed an emergency when the war came.   当战争来临的时候总统宣布进入紧急状态。
assert: v.指不管事实如何，主观自信地宣称，或者清楚有力地坚持某个情况为事实。
 • She asserted that she was innocent .   她宣称自己是无辜的。
claim: v.要求，声称，断言。多指根据某种规定提出的要求或主张。
 • They claim that if more people rode bicycles to go to work there would be fewer automobiles in the downtown section of the city.   他们生成如果有更多的人骑自行车上班的话，闹市区的汽车就会有所减少。
vt. 肯定；断言
 - declare, to be certain
vi. 确认；断言
 - recognize, confirm on

Word: yankee

Word: assassin
Front: assassin
[əˈsæsɪn] (托 8830/9149 -1)
Vocabulary: assassin
(once / 310 pages)
n
An assassin is someone who murders an important political or religious leader. Brutus is one of the most infamous assassins in history. He murdered Julius Caesar, who ruled Rome in the first century B.C.
The word assassin, pronounced "uh-SASS-in," describes a person who murders a prominent person, like a political or religious leader. Often, this person is hired to kill, though he or she might act on personal motivations. To correctly spell assassin, remember that it has two double s's.
WORD FAMILY
assassin: assassinate, assassins+/ assassinate: assassinated, assassinates, assassinating, assassination, assassinator/ assassination: assassinations/assassinator: assassinators
USAGE EXAMPLES
The rest of the assassins' account of what happened reads like the screenplay of a horror movie.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
His assassins acted in hopes of saving the czar — and themselves — but the conspiracy backfired.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The assassin shouted, “Don’t forget Aleppo,” apparently referring to Russia’s military engagement in Syria.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 暗杀者，刺客
分布：刺客(76%)，暗杀者(23%)，暗杀基督教十字军成员的穆斯林狂热派(1%)
→来自阿拉伯词hashash, 大麻，烟叶。刺客行刺前吸食有麻醉作用。可参看电影《波斯王子：时之刃》。
noun countable
■someone who kills a famous or important person usually for political reasons or in exchange for money （通常为政治目的或钱杀死名人或重要人物的）暗杀者，行刺者，刺客
• John Lennon's assassin was Mark Chapman. 刺杀约翰，蓝侬的人是马克‧查普曼。
• She hired an assassin to eliminate her rival. 她雇用刺客，除掉她的对手。
n. 刺客，暗杀者
 - stabber, triggerman

Word: bodyguard
Front: bodyguard
[ˈbɒdigɑ:d] (宝 8100/12285 -2)
Back: n. 保镖; 卫士，警卫员
分布：保镖(95%)，保卫人员(4%)，警卫员(1%)
US ['bɑ:.di.gɑ:rd] noun countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■a person or group of people whose job is to protect someone from attack 保镖，警卫员；警卫队
• The prince is always accompanied by his bodyguards. 王子始终有保镖陪伴左右。
n. 保镖
 - triggerman, bouncer

Word: biblical
Front: biblical
[ˈbɪblɪkl] (5176/6564 -1)
Back: adj. 圣经的; 依据圣经的
分布：圣经的(100%)
adjective
■in or relating to the Bible 《圣经》中的；有关《圣经》的
• They named their son Isaac after the biblical character. 他们们根据《圣经》中的人物为自己的儿子起名为以撒 。
['bɪb.lɪ.kəl] adjective
but not in the biblical sense humorous
■If you say you know someone but not in the biblical sense, you mean you have not had sex with them 没有性关系
• "Did you know her?" "Yes - not in the biblical sense, of course." “你以前认识她吗？”“认识─不过我们之间没有暧昧关系。”

Word: infra
Front: infra
['ɪnfrə] (22155/39691)
Back: adv. 在下，以下，下文
分布：在下面(100%)
adv. （拉）以下；（拉）以后；（拉）下文
 - hereinafter, after

Word: cradle
Front: cradle
[ˈkreɪdl] (研六雅 8639/9753 -1)
Vocabulary: cradle
(once / 542 pages)
1nv 2nv 3v 4v
To cradle is to hold delicately and gently, like how you would hold an infant. A cradle is the tiny bed with rockers that the infant sleeps in.
The word cradle comes to us from the Old English word cradol, which meant "little bed or cot." And while it is important to cradle a baby's head when you pick them up out of their cradle, this word isn't all baby talk. Ever heard of ancient Greece? Otherwise known as "the cradle of democracy?" That's because the noun version of cradle can be used to poetically describe the birthplace of a movement or the area where an early idea was nurtured.
WORD FAMILY
cradle: cradled, cradles, cradling
USAGE EXAMPLES
Five days before the hearing, Jones was cradling a phone against his ear and typing another pizza order into a computer.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Pink posted a photo of herself cradling her newborn son, Jameson Moon Hart.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
I cradled my coffee like a prayer book and tried to remember every little thing.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 摇篮; 发源地，发祥地; 吊架，支架; 婴儿时期
vt. 将…置于摇篮中; 轻轻地抱或捧; 抚养; 把…搁在支架上
时态：cradled, cradling, cradles
分布：摇篮(84%)，发祥地(10%)，支架(5%)，怀抱(1%)
→来自sker, 弯，转，编织，词源同ring, crib.
n.摇篮;发源地Greece was the cradle of western civilization.希腊是西方文明的发源地.
noun countable
BED 床
■a small bed for a baby, especially one that swings from side to side 摇床；摇篮
• The nurse rocked the cradle. 保姆摇动摇篮。
['kreɪ.dl] noun countable
TELEPHONE 电话
■the object that you put a mobile phone, camera, PDA , etc. into in order to recharge (= put power into) its batteries or connect it to a computer （行动电话、相机、掌上型电脑等的）传输座（用来充电或把设备与电脑相连）
['kreɪ.dl] noun countable
EQUIPMENT 设备 UK (US scaffold)
■a frame which hangs on the side of a building, ship, etc. for people to work from （悬挂在建筑物、船等侧面供工作用的）脚手架，吊架，吊篮
['kreɪ.dl] noun countable
the cradle of sth literary
■the place where something started …的摇篮；…的发源地，…的发祥地
• Fossil records indicate that Africa was the cradle of early human evolution. 化石记载表明非洲是早期人类进化的摇篮。
• the cradle of civilisation 文明的发源地
['kreɪ.dl] noun countable
from (the) cradle to (the) grave
■for all of a person's life 从生到死，一辈子
• She lived in the same village from the cradle to the grave. 她一辈子都住在同一个村庄里。
['kreɪ.dl] noun countable
The hand that rocks the cradle (rules the world). saying
■said to emphasize that women have a strong influence on events through their children 摇摇篮的手（统治着世界）（强调母亲对孩子的深远影响）。
['kreɪ.dl] verb transitive
■to hold something or someone gently, especially by supporting with the arms （尤指用手臂）轻托，轻抱
• She cradled him tenderly in her arms. 她把他轻轻地抱在怀里。
n. 摇篮；发源地；发祥地； [建] [医] 支船架
 - bassinet, berceau
vt. 抚育；把...搁在支架上；把...放在摇篮内
 - foster

Word: fortress
Front: fortress
[ˈfɔ:trəs] (六托 9115/7786 -1)
Vocabulary: fortress
(once / 367 pages)
n
A fortress is a large building or complex of buildings used as a military stronghold. In a military sense, a fortress is often called a “fort."
From its original sense of stronghold, the word fortress has stretched to include strongholds in a more figurative sense. Martin Luther used fortress to describe unfailing spiritual support when he wrote, “A mighty fortress is our God.” When someone has a hard time trusting others, you might say they have retreated to a "fortress of their own making."
WORD FAMILY
fortress: fortresses
USAGE EXAMPLES
The school is surrounded on all sides by a fortress of public housing.
New York Times(Jun 06, 2016)
"The fortress needs a fair bit of investment and this is not the sort of property you would buy on a whim."
BBC(Dec 19, 2016)
KAWKABAN, Yemen — The majestic fortress nestled atop a mountain here in northwestern Yemen survived the armies of the Islamic warrior Saladin in the 12th century.
Washington Post(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 堡垒，要塞
vt. 设置要塞; 用要塞防守
分布：堡垒(56%)，要塞(43%)，防御工事(1%)
→来自fort, 坚固，坚强，堡垒。-ess, 名词后缀，词源同duress, largess,noblesse.
堡垒(fort+ress通常表示女性,这里指凹进去的堡垒;参考：actress女演员)[fore,fort=storng,表示"强大,力量"]
堡垒(fort城堡)[-ress 1.表名词,指"女性"2.表名词,指"物品"]
US ['fɔ:r-] noun countable
■a large strong building or group of buildings which can be defended from attack 城堡；堡垒；要塞；设防的地方
n. 堡垒；要塞
 - tower, bastion

Word: oppression
Front: oppression
[ə'preʃn] (6836/7217)
Vocabulary: oppression
(once / 566 pages)
n
Oppression is when a person or group in a position of power controls the less powerful in cruel and unfair ways. Not cool.
“Power concedes nothing without a demand. I never did and it never will.” Those words came from Frederick Douglass, a former slave who devoted his life to ending the oppression of black people at the hands of powerful white slaveowners. The Latin root means “pressed against,” and oppression feels like hands pressing your head, keeping you down. Oppression can be widespread throughout a culture, or felt by a single individual, like enduring the sun’s oppression on a hot summer day.
WORD FAMILY
oppression: oppressions+/ oppress: oppressed, oppresses, oppressing, oppression, oppressive, oppressor / oppressive: oppressively, oppressiveness/ oppressor: oppressors
USAGE EXAMPLES
And don’t put your money into the businesses and banks that profit off the oppression of others or the destruction of the environment.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
This generation is far from the first to see that the world is a charnel house of oppression and cruelty.
Slate(Dec 28, 2016)
Trying to shoehorn nerddom into identity politics shows callous ignorance for the systemic and daily oppression faced by genuinely marginalised people.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 压迫; 被压迫的状态; 压迫物; 沉闷，苦恼
分布：压迫(88%)，压抑(10%)，沉闷(2%)
压迫;苦难(oppress+ion)[press=press表示"挤压"]
【记】源于：press（n /v 压）
【反】disagreement（n 意见不同）
noun uncountable
RULE 统治
■when people are governed in an unfair and cruel way and prevented from having opportunities and freedom 压迫；压制；欺压
• Every human being has the right to freedom from oppression. 每个人都有权不受压迫。
• War, famine and oppression have forced people in the region to flee from their homes. 战争、饥荒和压迫迫使这个地区的人逃离他们的家园。
• the oppression of women 对妇女的压迫
[ə'preʃ.ən] noun uncountable
FEELINGS 感觉
■when someone feels worried and uncomfortable 烦闷；压抑；郁闷
• Several people had experienced the same feeling of oppression when they slept in that room. 几个人睡在那间屋子的时候，都感到同样的压抑。
n. 压抑；镇压；压迫手段；沉闷；苦恼
 - suppression, inhibition

Word: parlour
Front: parlour
['pɑ:lə(r)] (-/7817 -1)
Back: n. 客厅，会客室; 美容院，冷食店，殡仪馆; parlor的变体
adj. 客厅的; 只会空谈的
分布：客厅(100%)
US ['pɑ:r.lɚ] noun countable
SHOP 店铺
■a shop which provides a stated type of personal service or sells a stated product （提供某种服务或销售某种商品的）店铺
• a beauty parlour 美容院
• an ice-cream/pizza parlour 霜淇淋店／比萨店
UK (ALSO US parlor) UK ['pɑ:.lər] US ['pɑ:r.lɚ] noun countable
ROOM 房间
■(especially in the past) a room in a private house used for relaxing, especially one which was kept tidy for entertaining guests （尤指旧时的）起居室，客厅，会客室
• the front parlour 前厅
• an Edwardian parlour 爱德华七世时代的客厅
n. 客厅；会客室；雅座
 - drawing-room, foreroom

Word: profligacy
Front: profligacy
['prɒflɪɡəsɪ] (33795/34527)
Vocabulary: profligacy
(once / 4905 pages)
n
If your life is built on the search for reckless, sensual pleasure with no thought of possible consequences, then you are living a life of profligacy, and probably spending a lot of money to get it. How wasteful!
The idea of a loose, dissipated life, is seen in the noun profligacy, which comes from the Latin prōflīgātus, meaning "corrupt or dissolute." It's been said Americans live in a state of profligacy with regard to petroleum use, wasting it in the manufacture of everything from water bottles to nail polish to traffic cones. Someday this profligacy will catch up to us, however. With rising gasoline prices, perhaps it already has!
WORD FAMILY
profligacy: profligacies+/ profligate: profligacy, profligately, profligates
USAGE EXAMPLES
His “Waste of the Week” awards documented real instances of appalling government profligacy.
Washington Times(Dec 13, 2016)
The miss prompted immediate flashbacks to the Uruguayan’s profligacy in the game in Paris back in September, but he would soon find his range.
The Guardian(Nov 23, 2016)
Liverpool, however, had only themselves to blame for the profligacy that followed.
The Guardian(Nov 19, 2016)
Back: n. 放荡，不检点，肆意挥霍
分布：浪费(61%)，放荡(25%)，不检点(14%)
【记】源于：profligate（见下）
【反】thrift（n 节俭）；frugality（n 节俭；俭省）
n. 肆意挥霍；放荡；浪费
 - waste, dissipation

Word: vogue
Front: vogue
[vəʊg] (托雅宝 14657/9781 -2)
Vocabulary: vogue
(once / 1212 pages)
n
If something is the latest vogue, it is the latest fashion. When your new hairstyle catches on, it's in vogue — or if it becomes unpopular, it’s not.
Anything trendy or popular — an activity, fashionable clothing, a home decorating style, board games — can be called “in vogue.” If you notice everyone scrambling to collect, say, robotic hummingbirds, you'll know that they are the vogue item. You might think that tall boots are no longer in vogue, and you notice a lot of short skirts showing up in Vogue magazine. Vogue — the magazine — often decides what fashion is in vogue.
WORD FAMILY
vogue: vogues, voguish
USAGE EXAMPLES
And while an onslaught of publications ably assessed the aftermath of the presidential election, the most surprising was Teen Vogue.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
The idea of small-scale, organic farming is in vogue among California consumers for its promise of environmental sustainability and healthy food.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Still, the Teen Vogue editors, for all of their genius, are not working from scratch.
Salon(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 时尚，流行; 时髦的事物
adj. 流行的，时髦的
分布：时尚(60%)，流行(40%)
→来自古法语vogue,水波，摇摆，划船，来自wegh,移动，运送，词源同way,vehicle,wag。后用于指时尚，可能是来自比喻义引领时尚之波。
US [voʊg] noun [S or U]
■a fashion or general liking, especially one which is temporary 流行；时尚；时髦
• In the 1920s, short hair for women became the vogue. 20世纪20年代，女性留短发成为时尚。
• The postwar vogue for tearing down buildings virtually destroyed the city's architecture. 战后盛行的拆毁建筑行为实际上破坏了该城市的建筑风格。
• The short hemline is very much in vogue (= fashionable) this spring. 今年春天短裙非常时兴。
• "Community" is one of the vogue words of the new government. “社区”是新政府使用最多的词语之一。
n. 时尚；流行，时髦
 - fashion, mode, style, popularity, prevalence
adj. 时髦的，流行的
 - popular, fashionable, modern, tony, going

Word: serviceman
Front: serviceman
[ˈsɜ:vɪsmən] (11976/12248 -2)
Back: n. 军人; 维修人员
分布：军人(95%)，维修员(5%)
US ['sɝ:-] noun countable
■a man who belongs to the armed forces 男军人，男兵
n. 军人；维修人员
 - soldier, army man

Word: easter

Word: differential
Front: differential
[ˌdɪfəˈrenʃl] (8802/8147 -1)
Vocabulary: differential
(once / 4546 pages)
1nadj 2n
Things that show a difference or act in different ways can be described as differential. You and your sister may get differential benefits from eating a vegetarian diet.
You're most likely to come across the adjective differential in scholarly or scientific writing — it's really just a more formal way to say "different" or "differing." Sociological studies or articles often describe differential circumstances or outcomes, like the differential effects on various children of being raised with one parent. The Latin differentia is at the root of differential — it means "diversity or difference," and it comes from differre, "to set apart."
WORD FAMILY
differential: differentially, differentials+/ differ: differed, different, differing, differs/ difference: differences, differential, differentiate / different: difference, differently, indifferent / differentiate: dedifferentiate, differentiable, differentiated, differentiates, differentiating, differentiation, differentiator/differentiated: dedifferentiated, undifferentiated/ differentiation: dedifferentiation, differentiations/ indifference: indifferences/ indifferent: indifference, indifferenter, indifferently
USAGE EXAMPLES
That said, the South of England as a whole continued to see "slightly stronger price growth" than the North of England, though the differential narrowed.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
While the euro is unusually weak against the resurgent dollar, the pound is far weaker, boosting price differentials on most goods.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
“There clearly is a cost differential, and more and more kinds of activity are becoming feasible there,” he said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 差别的; 特意的; [数]微分的; [机，物]差动的
n. [数]微分; 差别; 工资级差; [机]差动器
分布：差别(46%)，微分的(23%)，差别的(19%)，差动齿轮(4%)，特定的(4%)，工资差额(4%)
noun countable
GAP 差距
■an amount of difference between things which are compared 差额；差距
• a price differential 价格差距
• The pay differential between workers and management is too great. 工人与管理者之间的工资差距过大。
[ˌdɪf.ə'ren.tʃəl] noun countable
GEAR 齿轮
■a differential gear
[ˌdɪf.ə'ren.tʃəl] adjective
■based on a difference 有所区别的，有所差别的
• We have a differential salary structure based on employees' experience. 我们按照员工工作经验的不同采用不同的薪金结构。
diverse, differential
diverse: 多种多样的
differential: 差异的，区别的
adj. [数] [地质] 微分的；差别的；特异的
 - fluxionary
n. [数] 微分；差别
 - distinction, contrast

Word: individually
Front: individually
[ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəli] (6085/5264)
Vocabulary: individually
(once / 1536 pages)
adv
Anything done individually happens one at a time, separate from others. In baseball, each player bats individually.
An individual is a single person, or you can refer to an individual thing, which is one thing. Likewise, anything described as happening individually happens one by one or separately. An only child is raised individually. Doctors usually see patients individually, not in groups. If you're in a single-file line, you're lined up individually. Think of the number one when you see or hear the word individually.
WORD FAMILY
individual: individualise, individualism, individuality, individualize, individually, individuals+/individualise: individualisation, individualised, individualises, individualising/ individualism: individualisms, individualist, individualistic / individualist: individualists/ individualistic: individualistically/ individuality: individualities/individualization: individualizations/individualize: individualization, individualized, individualizes, individualizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The challenge of the project would be funding, since Michigan courts are individually funded through 165 local funding units, said Young.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
It sells the plant individually and wholesale throughout South Carolina and North Carolina.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
However, researchers are still grappling with exactly how these elements individually and collectively affect the natural history of the disease.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adv. 分别地; 各个地; 各自地; 独特地
分布：个别地(38%)，独特地(37%)，单独地(25%)
adverb
SINGLE 单个
■separately 分别地，各个地
• The children will first sing individually and then as a group. 孩子将首先分别独唱，然后再一起合唱。
[ˌɪn.dɪ'vɪd.ju.ə.li] adverb
DIFFERENT 不同的
■in a different and usually original way 独特地；有个性地
adv. 个别地，单独地
 - separately, personally, alone, solely

Word: gifted
Front: gifted
[ˈgɪftɪd] (高托 3237/8603 -1)
Vocabulary: gifted
(once / 627 pages)
adj
If someone calls you gifted, smile. It means you're talented.
You might be gifted at dancing, or a gifted mathematician — you can also call your best friend a gifted actor, or feel envious that she's such a gifted French speaker. In any of these examples, it's as if nature or fate bestowed a gift on a lucky person. Gifted, in fact, comes from gift and its Old Norse root, gipt or gift, which means both "gift" and "good luck."
WORD FAMILY
gifted: giftedly+/ gift: gifted, gifting, gifts
USAGE EXAMPLES
His editor on The World at One, Dame Jenny Abramsky, remembered him as a "gifted broadcaster" with "genuine warmth".
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
But on a team with scads of gifted receivers, why are you targeting Harris near the goal line?
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
“I was not genetically gifted enough to hang around with the Kansas City Chiefs.”
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 有天赋的; 有才华的
分布：有天赋的(80%)，有才华的(20%)
adjective
■having special ability in a particular subject or activity 有天才的，有天赋的
• a gifted dancer/musician 天才舞蹈员／音乐家
■clever, or having a special ability 聪慧的；有特长的
• Schools often fail to cater for the needs of gifted children. 学校常常不能满足资优学生的发展要求。
adj. 有天赋的；有才华的
 - capable
v. 给予（gift的过去分词）
 - shown, given

Word: guitar
Front: guitar
[gɪˈtɑ:(r)] (中高研六雅 3658/2516 -3)
Vocabulary: guitar
(once / 802 pages)
n
A guitar is a musical instrument with a long neck and strings. When you play the guitar, you press the strings with one hand to make a note, and strum with the other hand (unless, of course, you are playing air guitar).
The section of a guitar where your fingers form a note is called the "fingerboard." An acoustic guitar has a hollow body that vibrates with warm sound when you pluck or strum the strings, and an electric guitar is solid and plugs into an amplifier that projects the sound. The word guitar comes from the Spanish guitarra, which has its roots in the Greek kithara, a lyre-like stringed instrument.
WORD FAMILY
guitar: guitarist, guitars+/guitarist: guitarists
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Every day there is tragedy, and every day we play music,” said guitar player Adel Sabawi, who is from Damascus.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
As the songwriters strummed guitars and punched lyrics into their phones, Pine’s children splashed in a swimming pool and a chef prepared brick-oven pizzas.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
And if I were in charge, defensive coordinator Joe Barry would be the first to be asked to hand over his guitar.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 吉他; 六弦琴
vi. 弹吉他
分布：吉他(100%)
→来自希腊语kithara , 词源同sitar, zither.
n.吉他vi.弹吉他In the suitcase, the guitar tutor found the tuition by intuition.在小提箱里,吉他导师以直觉发现学费.
US [-'tɑ:r] noun countable
 IMPROVER
■a musical instrument with six strings and a long neck which is usually made of wood, and which is played by pulling or hitting the strings with the fingers 吉他，六弦琴
• He sat on the grass, strumming his guitar. 他坐在草地上弹着吉他。
• an acoustic guitar 原声吉他
• an electric guitar 电子吉他

Word: lifeline
Front: lifeline
[ˈlaɪflaɪn] (13856/14610 -1)
Vocabulary: lifeline
(once / 10775 pages)
1n 2n
A lifeline is a safety feature on a boat, a rope that either protects you from falling off or that you can throw to someone who's drowning. If you stumble off your friend's sailboat into the water, she'll throw you a lifeline.
When sailors need to rescue a swimmer or a clumsy passenger, it helps to have a lifeline handy. And when you receive other kinds of vital support or help — a mobile phone, or a job recommendation, or a scholarship for college, for example — you can also call them lifelines. This figurative meaning has been around since the 19th century, while the "live-saving rope" definition is the earliest one, from about 1700.
WORD FAMILY
lifeline: lifelines
USAGE EXAMPLES
Michael Clemens, who studies remittances and migration at the Center for Global Development, says that "for countless towns like Ixmiquilpan, remittances are an economic lifeline."
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
Rachael Moss, a bereavement support midwife at Northampton General Hospital, said the little cots are a lifeline.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
Lastly, there’s Lifeline, a sci-fi game that pays homage to the early days of computer gaming.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 救生索; （潜水员的）通报绳; 生命线; 重要的交通线
分布：生命线(84%)，救生索(16%)
→life,生命，line,线，绳索。
noun countable
■something, especially a way of getting help, on which you depend to lead your life in a satisfactory way 命脉，生命线
• For many old people living on their own the telephone is their lifeline to the outside world. 对很多独居的老人而言，电话是他们与外界联系的生命线。
■a rope which is thrown to someone who is in the water, especially the sea, and is in danger （尤指海上救援的）救生索
n. 生命线；救生索
 - life blood, recourse

Word: limelight
Front: limelight
[ˈlaɪmlaɪt] (13746/14373 -1)
Vocabulary: limelight
(once / 6062 pages)
n
To be in the limelight is to be at the center of public attention. It might make you a little jealous if your best friend's acting career suddenly puts her in the limelight.
When a newly popular musician finds himself in the limelight, he might be surprised at all the attention. Someone who's in the limelight is constantly being talked about, interviewed, and photographed. In the early 1800's, theater stages were lit by heating a cylinder of the mineral called lime — the result was an intensely bright white light. The word limelight came to have its figurative meaning of "at the center of attention" in 1877.
WORD FAMILY
limelight: limelights
USAGE EXAMPLES
It propelled Adams into the limelight like few other authors.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
It was a part that catapulted her into the limelight as one of the most famous faces on the planet.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
“For someone never wanting to be sheriff of Collin County, there I am, thrown in the limelight,” Box said in a recent interview.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 众人注意的中心; （不）是公众关注的中心，（不）引人注目; 石灰光，石灰光灯; 白炽灯
vt. 使显露头角，使受到注目
分布：聚光灯(60%)，众人注目的中心(20%)，使受到注目(12%)，以灰光灯照射的舞台(8%)
→lime,石灰，light ,灯。最早应用于19世纪初期，人们利用生石灰燃烧所产生的光来应用于舞台照明和特殊的光线效果，又称Drummond light,虽然现在早已为现代化的照明技术所取代，但该词却一直流传至今。引申词义众人注意的中心。
N-UNCOUNT
公众注意的中心
If someone is in the limelight, a lot of attention is being paid to them, because they are famous or because they have done something very unusual or exciting.
例：Tony has now been thrust into the limelight, with a high-profile job.托尼现在一下子成了众人关注的中心，因为他有一份经常出镜、见报的工作。

Word: mountainous
Front: mountainous
[ˈmaʊntənəs] (高六宝 12342/14181 -1)
Back: adj. 多山的; 巨大的; 山一般的
分布：多山的(97%)，如山一般的(3%)
→来自mountain,高山，山地，-ous,形容词后缀。即多山的。
多山的;巨大的(mountain山+ous)[mount=ascend,表示"登上"]
多山的(mountain山)[-ous表形容词,通常放在一个完整的单词后,表示"…的"]
US [-tən.əs] adjective
■having a lot of mountains 多山的；有山的
• a mountainous region 多山的地区
■very big 巨大如山的
• mountainous waves 排山倒海的巨浪
adj. 多山的；巨大的；山一般的
 - huge, tremendous, enormous, massive, macro

Word: officialdom
Front: officialdom
[əˈfɪʃldəm] (27038/19180)
Back: n. 官场，官僚作风
分布：官场(84%)，官僚主义(6%)，公务员(5%)，官僚圈子(5%)
[ə'fɪʃ.əl.dəm] disapproving
noun uncountable
■used to refer to those people who have a position of authority, especially in government, usually when they are preventing you from doing what you want to do or are slow or not effective （尤指政府中效率低下的）官僚们
n. 官场；官员（总称）；官僚作风
 - nazir, office holder

Word: obsolete
Front: obsolete
[ˈɒbsəli:t] (研托雅宝 8876/11255 -1)
Vocabulary: obsolete
(once / 1314 pages)
adj
Use the adjective obsolete for something that is out of date. As the Rolling Stones song "Out of Time" goes, "You're obsolete, my baby, my poor old-fashioned baby."
Obsolete is from the Latin obsolescere "to fall into disuse," and it is a very handy adjective for anything that is no longer used, from words to factories to computer software to ways of thinking. Something that is obsolete has usually been displaced by a newer, shinier innovation. Compact discs made records and cassettes obsolete, and then downloadable digital music files made compact discs obsolete.
WORD FAMILY
obsolete: obsoletely, obsoleteness, obsoletest
USAGE EXAMPLES
Indeed, the very term “superpower” may be misleading or obsolete.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Some Silicon Valley entrepreneurs anticipate a time when robots and artificial intelligence will render many of today’s jobs obsolete.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
This would render China’s nuclear deterrent effectively obsolete, all but forcing it to compensate.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 废弃的; 老式的，已过时的; [生]已废退的
n. 废词; 被废弃的事物
vt. 淘汰; 废弃
分布：过时的(91%)，已废弃的(9%)
→来自obsolescent,过时的，陈旧的。
过时的(ob离开＋sol太阳＋ete→离开太阳了→放在角落不用了)
钝的;愚蠢的(ob[ob-表示"逆,倒,加强意义"]+tuse可能来自use→不能用了→钝的)
过时的[obsol=decay(腐烂)]
a.已废弃的,过时的The word is obsolete.这个词已经被废弃了.
【记】ob不，solete用一不再用一过时的
US [ˌɑ:b-] adjective
■not in use any more, having been replaced by something newer and better or more fashionable 废弃的；过时的；淘汰的；老化的
• Gas lamps became obsolete when electric lighting was invented. 电灯发明以后煤气灯就被淘汰了。
adj. [生物] 废弃的；老式的
 - waste, dumped
vt. 淘汰；废弃
 - fall into disuse, wash out

Word: reaffirm
Front: reaffirm
[ˌri:əˈfɜ:m] (9162/9908 -1)
Vocabulary: reaffirm
(once / 3720 pages)
v
To reaffirm is to make a renewed commitment to something, usually verbally.
If you affirm something, you are saying "I believe in this!" So reaffirming repeats your belief, making it clear that you still feel that way. Politicians reaffirm their beliefs when they repeat a promise people may have forgotten or had cause to doubt. When a married couple renews their vows, they're reaffirming their love for each other.
WORD FAMILY
reaffirm: reaffirmation, reaffirmed, reaffirming, reaffirms+/ affirm: affirmable, affirmation, affirmative, affirmatory, affirmer, affirming, affirms, reaffirm / affirmation: affirmations, disaffirmation/ affirmative: affirmatively, affirmativeness, affirmatives/affirmer: affirmers/reaffirmation: reaffirmations
USAGE EXAMPLES
The statement reaffirmed Washington’s “ironclad commitment” to defend its allies, using “the full spectrum of US extended deterrence capabilities.”
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
“We wanted the international community to reaffirm the two-state solution.”
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
In public remarks afterward, Obama and Abe reaffirmed the U.S.-Japan alliance, calling it the bedrock of security and prosperity in Asia.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 重申; 再肯定
时态：reaffirmed, reaffirming, reaffirms
分布：重申(89%)，再确认(11%)
→re-,再，重新，affirm,确认。
【记】re反复，affirm（v 断言；确认）
【反】abnegate（v 放弃，否认）
US [-'fɝ:m] verb transitive
■to give your support to a person, plan, idea, etc. for a second time; to strengthen 重申，再次声明；加强
• The government yesterday reaffirmed its commitment to the current peace process. 政府昨天重申了对目前和平进程的承诺。
• These events reaffirm my belief in the need for better information. 这些事情使我坚信，我们需要更加准确有效的资讯。
vt. 再肯定，重申；再断言
 - reiterate, ingeminate

Word: retaliate
Front: retaliate
[rɪˈtælieɪt] (宝 12024/13793 -2)
Vocabulary: retaliate
(once / 916 pages)
v
To retaliate means to get back at someone, usually through a counterattack. “Ned got hit with a cream pie, then he retaliated by throwing a bucket of Jell-O at his attackers.”
When you see the prefix re in a word, it usually means back. To return, remember, regurgitate (yuck) — all of these verbs relate to doing something back. At the beginning of retaliate it means back, and the taliate means to pay, so what you’re talking about here is payback. If you’re doing something terrible to someone just because you want to, that’s doesn’t mean to retaliate. But, if you feel they’ve done something bad to you, and you’re just getting them back? That’s when you retaliate.
WORD FAMILY
retaliate: retaliated, retaliates, retaliating, retaliation, retaliator, retaliatory +/ retaliation: retaliations/retaliator: retaliators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Rohingya activists said that police retaliated by detaining all males older than 8 for two days.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But in a surprise move, Mr. Putin said Russia wouldn’t retaliate by expelling U.S. diplomats.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
Though his foreign minister encouraged him to slap back at Washington for the sanctions imposed by Obama, Putin decided that Russia wouldn’t immediately retaliate.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vi. 报复，反击; 回敬
vt. 报复
时态：retaliated, retaliating, retaliates
分布：报复(91%)，回敬(9%)
→来自拉丁语 retaliare,偿还，返还，来自 re-,向后，往回，talis,同样，同类，来自 tod,指 示代词，词源同 this,that.即原样返还的，后用于指报仇，以眼还眼，以牙还牙。
【记】re反，tail恶，ate－把恶反回去－报复re反复，tali＝tall，ate：反复吃饭要长高，然后就可以报复了。Re反复，tali大力，ate：反复用大力报复
【参】talisman（n 避邪物）；retaliatory（adj 报复性的）
verb intransitive
■to hurt someone or do something harmful to them because they have done or said something harmful to you 报复；反击
• If someone insults you, don't retaliate as it only makes the situation worse. 如果别人侮辱了你，不要报复，因为这样只会使情况变得更糟。
• The demonstrators threw rocks at the police, who retaliated by firing blanks into the crowd. 示威者向员警投掷石块，员警则还以颜色，向人群发射空弹。
• The terrorists retaliated against the government with a bomb attack. 恐怖分子实施了一次炸弹袭击来报复政府。
vi. 报复；回敬
 - get back on, get even with
vt. 报复
 - get back on, get even with, get back at

Word: parole
Front: parole
[pəˈrəʊl] (6699/15614 -1)
Vocabulary: parole
(once / 1524 pages)
1nv 2n 3n
If you're in prison, after serving a few years you might be let out on parole, a promise to be good and check in regularly.
Parole comes from the French for "word," and means "word of honor." You'll most frequently hear it in relation to prisoners, who promise to fulfill certain conditions in return for an early release from jail. When the officials are trying to decide whether a prisoner is ready for parole, they have a parole hearing. Parole can also mean "password." If you're part of an underground revolutionary group, you'll need a parole to help keep your meetings secret. Just say the word at the door, and they'll let you in.
WORD FAMILY
parole: paroled, parolee, paroles, paroling+/parolee: parolees
USAGE EXAMPLES
But the Democratic governor emphasized that the decision will rest with a parole board.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Robinson, who was convicted of robbery and other crimes, became eligible for parole on Dec. 9.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
I later worked at a parole reentry halfway house for felons serving time in federal prisons.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 假释，假释期; [军]（俘虏的）释放宣言; [军]口令，暗号
vt. 假释; 使假释出狱; 允许宣誓后释放
时态：paroled, paroling, paroles
分布：假释(100%)
→来自法语parole d’honneur,承诺，承诺辞，即parole of honor,来自拉丁语parabola,说话，词源同parable,parley.原指战争中俘虏作出的不逃跑的承诺，后用于对罪犯的假释。
US [-'roʊl] noun uncountable
■when a prisoner is released before their period in prison is finished, with the agreement that they will behave well 有条件释放，假释
• He's been released on parole. 他获假释出狱。
• She hopes to be eligible for parole in 3 years. 她希望三年后有资格获假释。
• Reynolds was sentenced to life without parole. 雷诺兹被判终身监禁，不得假释。
n. 语言；誓言，诺言；释放宣言
 - language, word, tongue, engagement

Word: solitary
Front: solitary
[ˈsɒlətri] (研六托雅宝 6798/6062 -1)
Vocabulary: solitary
(once / 267 pages)
adjn
If you're a lone wolf, a one-man band, a rugged individualist, or an island unto yourself, you prefer to be solitary — in other words, alone or single. The term can be used to describe a person, a place, or a thing.
Solitary comes to us from the Latin solus, which means alone. Note its similarity to words like solo and, for all you card players out there, solitaire. You can take a solitary walk, during which you don't utter a solitary word, but pause to admire a solitary green shoot peeping through the snow. Solitary is also common in the prison world: Inmates on Alcatraz who were deemed too dangerous to mingle with their fellows were put in solitary confinement cells.
WORD FAMILY
solitary: solitaries, solitarily, solitariness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Norine was released after two weeks, but her husband was held in the immigration-detention facility for another two months, including two days in solitary confinement.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
His solitary task was interrupted when a car pulled up.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Arsenal was the last team to win 13 matches in a row in a solitary campaign in 2002.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 独自的，独立的; 单个的; 唯一的; 隐居的
n. 独居者，隐士; 单独禁闭
分布：孤独的(54%)，唯一的(14%)，隐士(11%)，单独禁闭(8%)，单个的(6%)，独立的(4%)，荒凉的(3%)
→sol-,单独的，独自的，-itary,形容词后缀。
孤独的(sol+itary)[Sol=alone,表示"单独"]
a.(好)孤独的;偏僻的;单一的,唯一的There is not a solitary exception.无一例外.
【记】soli单独，tary－单独的
US ['sɑ:.lə.ter.i] adjective
■A solitary person or thing is the only person or thing in a place 独自的，唯一的，单个的
• On the hill, a solitary figure was busy chopping down trees. 山上，有个人正忙着砍树。
• In the distance was a solitary building. 远处是一栋孤零零的建筑。
• He was a solitary child (= He enjoyed being alone). 他是个喜欢独处的小孩。
■done alone 独自做的，独自完成的
• solitary walks by the river 独自沿着河岸散步
• fishing and other solitary pastimes 钓鱼和其他单独一人的消遣
lonely, laone, desolate, lone, solitary
这些形容词均有“孤单的，寂寞的”之意。
lonely: 强调孤独感，含“渴望和他人在一起”的意味。
alone: 普通用词，指独自一人的状态，有时含孤寂之意。
desolate: 语气强烈，强调遭受损失和失去亲人所带来的难以忍受的痛苦。
lone: 较文雅，可与lonely换用。
solitary: 可指因被遗忘或遗弃而产生的孤独感，也可指人的生性孤僻。
solitary, desolate, lone, alone, lonely
这组词都有“孤单的，寂寞的”的意思，其区别是：
solitary: 可指因被遗忘或遗弃而产生的孤独感，也可指人的生性孤僻。
desolate: 语气强烈，强调遭受损失和失去亲人所带来的难以忍受的痛苦。
lone: 较文雅，可与lonely换用。
alone: 普通用词，指独自一人的状态，有时含孤寂之意。
lonely: 强调孤独感，含“渴望和他人在一起”的意味。
solitary, desolate, lonely, alone, lonesome
solitary: 独居的，独自的
desolate: 指某地无人烟的，荒凉的
lonely: 偏重一种主观感受上的“寂寞” lonely和solitary可用以形容很少有人到的偏僻地方。
alone: 和solitary都用以形容一人或一事物与他人或他事物相分离，二者形容的人可能是其本人愿意如此，这两个词并无不愉快的含义。
lonesome: 孤独的 lonely和lonesome指并非本人愿意如此，含有不愉快之意。
adj. [动] 孤独的；独居的
 - alone, neighborless
n. [动] 独居者；隐士
 - hermit, anchorite

Word: solo
Front: solo
[ˈsəʊləʊ] (研六托雅宝 5164/5175 -2)
Vocabulary: solo
(once / 800 pages)
nadjadvv
A versatile word, solo means "alone" and can be used as a verb ("I get to solo in band today"), a noun ("She sang a beautiful solo"), or an adjective (I can't wait for my solo flight").
The word solo is often associated with a musical performance, from the Italian derivative from the Latin sōlum, "alone." Until the end of the 17th century, just the Latin form was used, usually in stage directions. Then it entered musical terminology, as sola, in 1695. The adjectival use developed in the 18th century, and in 1864 the form soloist, referring to one who performed a solo, first appeared. It wasn't until the mid-19th century that the word was used as a verb.
WORD FAMILY
solo: soli, soloed, soloing, soloist, solos+/soloist: soloists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Unlike Chopin’s pathbreaking studies for solo piano, Liszt’s Études do not isolate specific technical problems.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Early on I was influenced by the potential of the guitar as a solo like that.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
And solo drivers who bought their way into the HOV lanes by purchasing hybrids will lose their exemption.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 独唱（曲），独奏（曲）; 单飞; 单人表演
adj. 单独的; 独自的; 独唱的; 独奏的
adv. 单独地，独自地
时态：soloed, soloing, solos
分布：独奏(61%)，独唱(27%)，单独的(5%)，单独表演(4%)，单独地(3%)
→来自拉丁语 solo,独奏的，独唱的，来自拉丁语 solus,单独的，词源同 sole.
独奏(唱)[Sol=alone,表示"单独"]
独唱,独奏(sol独自＋o)[-o 1.表名词"人,物或状态"2.表名词,用于音乐术语]
n.独奏a. & ad.单独的(地);独唱的(地)She sang a solo.她独唱了一支歌.
【反】ensemble（n 合唱曲）
US ['soʊ.loʊ] adjective [before noun] adverb
 ADVANCED
■alone; without other people 独自的（地），单独的（地），单人的（地）
• a solo performance/flight 单人表演／飞行
• to sail/fly solo 独自航行／飞行
• He used to play with a group but now he's going solo/pursuing a solo career. 他以前曾经加入过某个乐队，但如今已单独发展。
UK ['səʊ.ləʊ] US ['soʊ.loʊ] noun countable (plural solos)
 ADVANCED
■a musical performance done by one person alone, or a musical performance in which one person is given special attention 独奏；独唱
• a trumpet solo 小号独奏
• Parker's solo on 'A Night in Tunisia' was so amazing that the pianist backing him simply stopped playing. 派克的独奏《突尼斯之夜》实在是太精彩了，以至于为他伴奏的钢琴手干脆停了下来。
adj. 独奏的；独唱的；单独的
 - alone, independent, isolated, separate, sole
adv. 单独地
 - solely, alone, individually

Word: sincere
Front: sincere
[sɪnˈsɪə(r)] (研四六雅宝 6875/8424 -K2)
Vocabulary: sincere
(once / 130 pages)
adj
Being sincere is being genuine. If someone compliments you on your outfit, but you notice them rolling their eyes when they think you’re not looking, they probably weren't being sincere.
If you've been offered a sincere thanks for something you've done, the person is probably really grateful. Sometimes when people say "thank you," they don't always mean it, but when they add the adjective sincere, the emphasis is usually for a very good reason. You may hear a charity sending out a sincere thanks to sponsors for their donations, which help keep the charity running.
WORD FAMILY
sincere: insincere, sincerely, sincerer, sincerest, sincerity +/ insincere: insincerely, insincerest, insincerity / insincerity: insincerities/ sincerity: sincerities
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I would like to thank you for the victories and achievements, for your understanding and trust, and for your true, sincere care for Russia.”
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
But conservationists believe that the Chinese government is sincere in not allowing any significant domestic ivory market.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
“We deeply regret failing to prevent the overwork of our new recruit. I offer my sincere apologies,” he said.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 真诚的，诚挚的; 〈古〉纯粹的，不掺假的; 真心实意的; 真实的
级别：sincerer, sincerest
分布：真诚的(64%)，诚挚的(36%)
a.诚挚的,真实的,诚恳的Since then the sincere princess has known the principal principle.从那时起诚实的公主就知道该主要原理.
【反】poseur（n 装模作样的人）－sincere person（真诚的人）；badinage（v /n 打趣）－sincere conversation（真诚的对话）
US [-'sɪr] adjective
■(of a person, feelings or behaviour) not pretending or lying; honest （人、感情或行为）真诚的，诚实的
• a sincere apology 真诚的道歉
• He seems so sincere. 他看起来很诚恳。
Opposite insincere
open, frank, sincere, blunt, honest, plain, straightforward
这组词都有“坦率，诚实”的意思，其区别是：
open: 指不隐瞒自己的秘密，愿意向他人表露自己或公开暴露自己的缺点。
frank: 强调毫无保留地畅所欲言，不受任何约束。
sincere: 侧重指一个人出自内心地对某人某事表示一种诚意。
blunt: 指讲话坦白直率、不客气，但隐含不得体、不顾及他人感情等意味。
honest: 指遵守正直等道德准则。
plain: 指直言不讳，毫不做作或故弄玄虚。
straightforward: 多用于答复、叙述等场合。指直截了当，不回避，或故弄玄虚。
adj. 真诚的；诚挚的；真实的
 - actual, positive, true, real, genuine

Word: sleepy
Front: sleepy
[ˈsli:pi] (中高四六雅 7429/9704 -1)
Back: adj. 欲睡的; 困乏的; 安静的; 冷清的
级别：sleepier, sleepiest
分布：欲睡的(65%)，困倦的(35%)
想睡的(sleep睡)[-y 1.加在名词后变成形容词2表名词,加在形容词或以r结尾的单词后3表名词"人或小东西"常带有戏谑性和爱称]
adjective
PERSON 人
■tired and wanting to sleep 倦困的，打瞌睡的
⇒ See also sleepyhead
['sli:.pi] adjective
PLACE 地方
■A sleepy place is quiet and without much activity or excitement 寂静的；冷清的
• They retired to a sleepy little village in the west of Yorkshire. 他们隐居到约克郡西部一个寂静的小村庄里。
asleep, sleepy, sleeping
asleep: 睡着,熟睡,只能做表语, The baby is asleep.
sleepy: 困的,有睡意的 I'm sleepy.
sleeping: 正在睡觉, a sleeping baby
adj. 欲睡的；困乏的；不活跃的
 - inactive, slumberous

Word: banknote
Front: banknote
[ˈbæŋknəʊt] (28997/21482 -1)
Back: n. 钞票; 纸币
分布：纸币(100%)
US [-noʊt] noun countable
■a piece of printed paper that has a particular value as money 钞票，纸币
• a £20 banknote 一张20英镑的钞票
• Hidden in the suitcase were wads of banknotes. 手提箱中藏有一叠叠的钞票。
n. 纸币
 - William, soft money

Word: trample
Front: trample
[ˈtræmpl] (六托雅宝 11298/11327 -1)
Vocabulary: trample
(once / 531 pages)
vn
To trample is to forcefully walk right over something or someone. If you fall down during a footrace, another runner might trample you.
When you trample, you're stomping or stamping: it's the opposite of walking on tippy toes. A dog might trample a flower garden while chasing a ball, and an angry child might deliberately trample her sister's sandcastle, flattening it with her feet. The verb trample comes from tramp, "walk heavily or stamp," which is rooted in the Middle Low German word trampen, "to tramp, stamp, or press upon."
WORD FAMILY
trample: trampled, trampler, tramples, trampling+/trampler: tramplers/trampling: tramplings
USAGE EXAMPLES
During the 1828 US presidential transition, Andrew Jackson’s wife died, his steamboat was mobbed, and partygoers trampled mud in the White House.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
The “s” struggling to hang on at the end of “Happy Holidays” fell, exhausted, and was trampled beneath thousands of tiny, pawing, prancing reindeer hooves.
Washington Post(Dec 12, 2016)
Dovish opposition legislators said such a move would trample on the right to free expression, while acknowledging the poster was in bad taste.
Washington Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: vt. 践踏; 蹂躏; 无视，蔑视; 侵犯，伤害
vi. 践踏，重重地踩; 脚步沉重地走
n. 践踏; 践踏声
时态：trampled, trampling, tramples
分布：践踏(81%)，踩踏(17%)，轻视(2%)
→tramp,踩，踏，-le,表反复或强调。
【记】tramp（v 重步行走；践踏），le：践踏；蹂躏。Tramp读：踹屁，用脚踹你的屁股－践踏你，蹂躏你
verb intransitive or transitive [usually + prep]
STEP HEAVILY ON 踩
■to step heavily on something or someone, causing damage or injury 踩，践踏
• Somebody trampled all over my flowerbeds in the night! 晚上有人把我的花坛全部踩坏了！
• Eight people were trampled to death (= killed) when the stadium collapsed and the crowd rushed out onto the football pitch. 体育场突然倒塌时，人群冲进足球场，其间八人被踩踏致死。
['træm.pl] verb intransitive or transitive [usually + prep]
TREAT WITHOUT RESPECT 无视
■to act without any respect for someone or something 侵犯，无视（尊严）
• She accused the government of trampling on the needs and rights of the ordinary citizen. 她谴责政府无视普通公民的需求和权利。
• He argues that the Congress and President Clinton trampled the constitutional rights of legal immigrants in the new welfare reform law. 他认为，国会和克林顿总统在新的福利改革法中侵犯了合法移民享有的宪法所赋予的权利。
vt. 践踏；蔑视，伤害
 - knife, ride down
vi. 践踏；蔑视，伤害；脚步沉重地走
 - ride down, wound
n. 蹂躏；践踏声
 - havoc

Word: unprofitable
Front: unprofitable
[ʌnˈprɒfɪtəbl] (18718/14884 -1)
Back: adj. 无利益的; 没有用的; 无益
分布：无益的(63%)，没有利润的(37%)
US [-'prɑ:.fɪ.ə-] adjective
■not making a profit 不盈利的，亏本的
• Rural railway lines risk being axed because they are unprofitable. 乡村铁路线有被取消的风险，因为无法盈利。
adj. 无益的，没有用的；没有利润的
 - profitless, unhelpful

Word: burnish
Front: burnish
[ˈbɜ:nɪʃ] (托宝 20422/23875)
Vocabulary: burnish
(once / 2239 pages)
vn
That seductive gleam on that Porsche behind the dealer's window? It's called a burnish, a gloss only achieved by loads of polishing. Likewise, you can burnish a resume by polishing it until it's perfect.
A caution about usage: burnish in the physical sense is usually reserved for inanimate objects — a woman will not be happy to hear that her appearance is "burnished to perfection." But your car will thank you. Also, one of the most common non-physical things to be burnished? A reputation. People are forever burnishing them — and its opposite, besmirching them (i.e., making them dirty).
WORD FAMILY
burnish: burnished, burnishes, burnishing+/burnished: unburnished
USAGE EXAMPLES
As the two-time president of the agency, his extraordinary talent and personal pragmatism burnished Magnum’s reputation as an agency of excellence.
Time(Dec 30, 2016)
The return to civilian life will also be a time for Obama to burnish his legacy, as is standard for ex-presidents.
Time(Dec 23, 2016)
This show is a study in ultra-refinement in which art, craft and invention collude in a burnished glow.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vt. 擦亮（金属等），磨光
vi. 被擦亮，磨光
n. 光泽，光亮，抛光
时态：burnished, burnishing, burnishes
分布：磨光(40%)，抛光(29%)，光泽(21%)，使光亮(10%)
→来自PIE *bher, 燃烧，发光，加热。词源同burn.
【记】1）brun[闪耀的] －擦亮（金属）2）burn（v 烧）－把金属烧得发亮－磨光
【参】tarnish（v 使…失去光泽）；furnish（v 提供，装修）
US ['bɝ:-] verb transitive literary
■to rub metal until it is smooth and shiny 擦亮，擦光
■If you burnish something such as your public image, you take action to improve it and make it more attractive. 给…增色；改善（公众形象）
• The company is currently trying to burnish its socially responsible image. 公司目前正在努力改善形象，把自己塑造成一个有社会责任感的公司。
vt. 擦亮；使…光亮；将…打磨光亮
 - rub up, shine
n. 光泽；抛光；闪闪发光
 - shine, polishing

Word: fluent
Front: fluent
[ˈflu:ənt] (高研四六托雅 11910/9662 -1)
Vocabulary: fluent
(once / 1127 pages)
1adj 2adj
To be fluent in something — like a language or an instrument — is to be able to use it smoothly and effortlessly.
It takes many years and lots of practice to become fluent in a second language. But when you're finally fluent, you can understand it, speak it, and write easily in it. One French class won't make you fluent — gaining fluency takes years. You can also be fluent in other things that you've practiced and mastered, like cello or computer programming. If you're doing something in a way that makes it look easy, you're fluent.
WORD FAMILY
fluent: fluency, fluentest, fluently+/ fluency: disfluency, fluencies
USAGE EXAMPLES
If you’re not fluent in financial matters, try to spend 15 minutes a day reading articles on personal savings.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
She also speaks six languages and is fluent in sign language.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The word she returns to — in fluent English already tinged with Liverpool’s distinct, and apparently contagious, long vowels — is “holistic.”
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 流畅的; 流利的; 液态的
分布：流利的(88%)，流畅的(12%)
→来自拉丁语fluere, 流动，来自bhel，膨胀，涌出，词源同boil. 在词源上该词与float等有所差别和侧重，但是词义上已经基本重合。
a.流利的,流畅的He can speak fluent English.他英语讲得很流利.
【记】flu＝flow流
【反】halting（adj 跛的；犹豫的）
adjective
 ADVANCED
■When a person is fluent, they can speak a language easily, well and quickly （指人操某种语言）流利的
• She's fluent in French. 她的法语很流利。
• He's a fluent Russian speaker. 他的俄语讲得很流利。
 ADVANCED
■When a language is fluent, it is spoken easily and without many pauses （语言）讲得流利的
• He speaks fluent Chinese. 他汉语讲得很流利。
adj. 流畅的，流利的；液态的；畅流的
 - fluid, mellifluous

Word: dollop
Front: dollop
[ˈdɒləp] (16683/19947)
Vocabulary: dollop
(once / 12110 pages)
n
A dollop is a small, indefinite amount of something. People often ask for dollops of food.
English has many words for amounts of something that aren't exact. For example, a load is a lot of something, but a dollop is a little. If you're watching your weight, you may only want a dollop of dressing on your salad. Most people use a dollop of shampoo when washing their hair. You can't measure a dollop, but it's should be a fairly small amount. If you use a whole bottle of ketchup, that's far more than a dollop.
WORD FAMILY
dollop: dollops
USAGE EXAMPLES
To serve, dollop the custard into cups and serve with lightly sweetened whipped cream and topped with a sprinkling of finely ground espresso.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
It is that dollop of wisdom that elevates Austen from a simple comedy of manners.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Her signature item is the best-selling oatmeal marshmallow cookie — soft oatmeal cookies sandwiching a generous dollop of fluff.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 块，团
分布：一团(62%)，一些(38%)
→词源不详。
US ['dɑ:.ləp] noun countable
■a small amount of something soft, especially food （尤指食物的）一小团，一小块
• a dollop of ice cream/whipped cream 一小团雪糕／打发过的鲜奶油
n. 团，块
 - mass, piece, block

Word: intertwine
Front: intertwine
[ˌɪntəˈtwaɪn] (宝 11522/18518 -1)
Vocabulary: intertwine
(once / 4398 pages)
v
Things that intertwine are twisted or mixed together. You have to intertwine yarn to make a scarf.
When things intertwine, they're all mixed up together — it's hard to separate them. To make any type of clothing, threads have to be intertwined. Rope is made of smaller fibers that intertwine. Related jobs—like a writer and an editor—intertwine too, because they are so closely related. You can say people are intertwined if they're close to each other, as family or friends. Getting intertwined could be a metaphor for getting married; the threads of your lives are getting tangled together.
WORD FAMILY
intertwine: intertwined, intertwines, intertwining+/ entwine: entwined, entwines, entwining/ twine: entwine, intertwine, twined, twiner, twines, twining, untwine/twiner: twiners/untwine: untwined, untwines, untwining
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is time that we erased these disparities, particularly for patients with life-threatening illnesses, for whom dental care and medical care are intertwined.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
The intertwining of madness and genius remains an essential part of his posthumous legend, and Lowell himself saw the two as related.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
The book, a collection of intertwined stories, served as prequel and sequel to the original novel.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 缠结在一起; 使缠结
vi. 纠缠; 编结
时态：intertwined, intertwining, intertwines
分布：纠缠(46%)，缠绕(41%)，编结(13%)
→inter-,在内，在中间，相互，twine,缠绕，词源同two.
编织起来(inter在中间+twine→互相编织在一起)[tuine=twine,表示"编织"]
【记】inter中间，twine（n 合股线v 搓；编饰）－在中间编织－纠缠
【参】interweave（v 使交织；使混杂）
US [-tˌɚ-] verb intransitive or transitive
■to twist or be twisted together, or to be connected so as to be difficult to separate （使）缠结，（使）缠绕在一起；（使）紧密关联
• The town's prosperity is inextricably intertwined with the fortunes of the factory. 这座城镇的繁荣与这家工厂的兴盛有着密不可分的联系。
• The trees' branches intertwined to form a dark roof over the path. 树枝在小路上方交错成荫。
vi. 纠缠；编结
 - ply with, keep at
vt. 缠绕；纠缠
 - wind, pursue

Word: lesbian
Front: lesbian
[ˈlezbiən] (6338/7412 -2)
Vocabulary: lesbian
(once / 5417 pages)
adjn
A lesbian is a woman who is attracted to other women. Two married women are in a lesbian relationship.
This is a word for women who are homosexual. Though homosexual women are often called gay, it's more common to call them lesbians. Lesbians are sexually attracted to other women. You can also use this word as an adjective. For example, a gay female director is a lesbian film maker. There could also be a book of lesbian fiction. This word comes from the name of the island of Lesbos, whose famous poet Sappho was believed to be a lesbian.
WORD FAMILY
lesbian: lesbianism, lesbians
USAGE EXAMPLES
“A little Catholic priest, a little lesbian Pulitzer Prize winner, a little equal rights for all,” Ms. Kerr explained after the ceremony.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
She said that she has never discriminated against gays and lesbians.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
About 1.7% of the UK population identify as lesbian, gay or bisexual.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 女同性恋的; 莱斯博斯岛的
n. 女同性恋者; 莱斯博斯岛人
分布：同性恋的(69%)，同性恋的女性(13%)，莱斯博斯岛的(9%)，莱斯博斯岛人(9%)
→来自古希腊爱琴海岛屿Lesbos，因女诗人Sappho与她的诸多学生居住于该岛，并且流传出许多关于女人之间的感情或爱情诗篇而得名。
noun countable
■a woman who is sexually attracted to other women 女同性恋者
• gays and lesbians 男女同性恋者

Word: gram
Front: gram
[græm] (高 -/9092 -K2)
Vocabulary: gram
(once / 2669 pages)
n
A gram is a unit of measurement. Some doctors recommend eating one gram of protein for each kilogram of body weight.
Because a gram is a metric unit — in this case, measuring the mass of some object or substance — it isn't used as commonly in the US as it is in Britain and Canada, where metric measurements are standard. Still if you examine an American food label, you'll almost always see the mass in grams listed. The Greek root of gram is gramma, or "small weight."
WORD FAMILY
gram: grams, microgram+/microgram: micrograms
USAGE EXAMPLES
She urges people to aim for 40 to 50 grams of fiber daily, well above levels recommended by most dietary guidelines.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Extra Brut indicates a very dry Champagne, 0 to 6 grams of residual sugar per liter.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
“Eight grams of E.L.C. are about equal to 100 watt-hours,” the website says.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 绿豆; 鹰嘴豆; 绿豆种子; 克
分布：克(97%)，写出或画出的东西(3%)
→来自gerbh, 刮，刻，切，词源同carve,graph. 后指文字，字母。并于法国在1799年用于公制重量体系，克。
(UK also gramme) [græm] (written abbreviation g) (gm)
noun [C or]
 IMPROVER
■a unit of mass equal to 0.001 kilograms （质量单位）克
n. 克；鹰嘴豆（用作饲料）
 - garbanzo, chick-pea

Word: oral
Front: oral
[ˈɔ:rəl] (高研四六托雅 3875/3468 -2)
Vocabulary: oral
(once / 1450 pages)
adjn
The word oral means having to do with the mouth or speaking. When you give an oral report in school, you stand in front of the class and talk.
Use the adjective oral to describe something that's spoken aloud, like an oral exam or an oral history passed between generations through bedtime stories. Oral is also good for referring to other things you do with your mouth — your dentist may drive you crazy talking about "oral hygiene," or keeping your teeth clean. The roots of the word oral go back to the Latin word for "mouth," which is os.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
aural / oral / verbal
Aural refers to the ear or hearing, and oral to the mouth or speaking. Something verbal is expressed in words, either spoken or written. Listen to the aural sensations of songs from outer space when you've been gassed for your oral surgery. Then stay non-verbal because you can't use words for a long time after the dentist wakes you up.
Aural is related to the sense of hearing:
While the songs may be familiar, the delivery is the aural version of having one's stocking stuffed. (technorati.com)
Audio teams capture far-flung aural impressions to set the proper movie mood (Dallas Morning News)
Our second word, oral, refers to something spoken (rather than written) or something related to the mouth:
The Long Island Storytelling Network will be telling tales at the library on Wednesday to help revive the oral tradition. (Storynet.org)
Oral cancer has always been a bigger threat to men than women. (Washington Post)
Now what about oral vs. verbal? They both relate to something expressed through words, but oral is spoken and verbal can be spoken or written. Oral and verbal are often used interchangeably — both describe spoken words after all. But they're not always interchangeable. If your little sister sticks everything in her mouth, she has an oral fixation. If she can recite the Constitution by age two, she's quite verbal. Consider these quotes from articles about college basketball:
K-State basketball gets oral commitment from 7-footer Diaz. (Wichita Eagle)
Gipson is Kansas State's second verbal commitment. (Fox Sports)
Using those definitions, Diaz told K-State he'd join the team. He didn't sign any paperwork. But Gipson could have signed on the dotted line, or he might have just spoken his commitment.
Remember: if it's related to the ear or hearing, you want aural. If it's related to something spoken or to the mouth, it's oral. And although verbal can mean spoken or written, oral can only mean spoken.
WORD FAMILY
oral: orally, orals
USAGE EXAMPLES
She prescribed oral steroids in addition to a rescue inhaler to calm my overactive airways, which helped.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
The doctor may prescribe a steroid cream or, in severe cases, an oral immunosuppressant for the itch.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Because the treatment would expose his oral structures — including the jawbone, salivary glands and teeth — to radiation, a dental evaluation was prompted.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 口头的，口述的; 口服的; 属于或关于嘴的; 构成或使用言语的
n. （尤指外语考试中的）口试
分布：口试(57%)，口头的(22%)，口语的(17%)，口部的(4%)
→来自拉丁语os的所有格形式oris,嘴，来自os,嘴，词源同orator,osculate.
口头的[ora,orat=mouth,表示"嘴,说"]
a.口头的The sore is orally ignored by the ignorant immoral man.疮痛被无知的不道德者口头忽视了.
US ['ɔ:r.əl] adjective
SPOKEN 口头的
 ADVANCED
■spoken; not written 口头的；口述的
• an oral agreement/exam 口头协议／口试
UK ['ɔ:.rəl] US ['ɔ:r.əl] adjective
MOUTH 口 mainly specialized
■of, taken by, or done to the mouth 口的；口服的；口腔的
• oral hygiene 口腔卫生
• oral contraceptives 口服避孕药
• oral surgery 口腔手术
UK ['ɔ:.rəl] US ['ɔ:r.əl] noun countable
■an examination, often a type of language examination, in which you give spoken and not written answers 口试（通常是一种语言的测验，对问题做口头而不是书面回答）
• When do you have your Spanish oral (= exam in spoken Spanish) ? 你们甚么时候进行西班牙语口试？
oral, verbal
这组词都有“口头表达的”的意思，其区别是：
oral: 侧重指用嘴进行表达或交流。
verbal: 指口头进行，但不排除使用文字的可能性。
adj. [药] [解剖] 口头的，口述的
 - spoken, verbal, word-of-mouth
n. 口试
 - viva voce

Word: overcapacity
Front: overcapacity
[ˌəʊvəkəˈpæsəti] (29468/36060)
Back: n. 生产能力过剩
分布：生产能力过剩(100%)

Word: liquefy
Front: liquefy
[ˈlɪkwɪfaɪ] (宝 24048/35683)
Vocabulary: liquefy
(once / 3888 pages)
v
When you turn a solid into a liquid, like when you set an ice cube in the sunshine and watch it melt into a puddle of water, you liquefy it.
You can liquefy a solid by heating it until it melts, and you can also say the substance itself liquefies. A jar of coconut oil that's hard and solid in the refrigerator will liquefy if you leave it on the counter on a warm summer day. The Latin root of liquefy is liquefacere, "make liquid," from liquere, "be fluid," and facere, "to make."
WORD FAMILY
liquefy: liquefaction, liquefiable, liquefied, liquefies, liquefying+/liquefaction: liquefactions
USAGE EXAMPLES
Markets for liquefied natural gas, or LNG, will likely be oversupplied through at least the end of the decade, those in the industry say.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
On the other side of the port, a massive tanker ship serves as a terminal for liquefied natural gas imports, which are piped across Pakistan.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 18, 2016)
As the sugar begins to liquefy, stir continually.
Seattle Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 液化，溶解
时态：liquefied, liquefying, liquefies
分布：液化(80%)，溶解(20%)
→来自liquid,液体。
【记】源于：liquid（n 液体）
【参】liquor（n 酒；溶液）；liquidate（v 清算）；liquidation（n 清算）
(also liquify) ['lɪk.wɪ.faɪ] verb intransitive or transitive
■to (cause a gas or a solid to) change into a liquid form （使）成为液体，使液化
• Gases liquefy under pressure. 气体在压力作用下会液化。
vt. 液化；溶解
 - solve, resolve

Word: shameful
Front: shameful
[ˈʃeɪmfl] (六 11754/13740 -1)
Back: adj. 可耻的; 丢脸的; 不体面的; 猥亵的
分布：可耻或丢脸的(100%)
→shame,羞耻，-ful,形容词后缀。
可耻的(shame耻辱)[-ful 1.表形容词"有…的"2.表名词"满,量"]
['ʃeɪm.fəl] disapproving
adjective
■deserving blame, or being a reason for feeling ashamed 可耻的，丢脸的
• I couldn't see anything shameful in what I had done. 我认为我没做甚么丢脸的事。
• The crime figures are shameful. 犯罪数字让人汗颜。
• The family kept their shameful secret for years. 那个家族隐瞒了家丑多年。
shameful, ashamed
这组词都有“羞愧的”的意思，其区别是：
shameful: 指人或人的行为本身不光彩、不道德。
ashamed: 用于人，指因干了错事、坏事或傻事等而感到羞愧。
adj. 可耻的；不体面的；不道德的；猥亵的
 - salt, yellow-dog

Word: rout
Front: rout
[raʊt] (宝 11849/13728 -1)
Vocabulary: rout
(once / 1095 pages)
1nv 2n 3v
When you think about the thrill of victory and the agony of defeat, associate a rout with the agonizing defeat. A rout is the kind of humiliating loss that makes you wish you would have been injured in the first quarter so you could have avoided the outcome.
One way to remember the meaning of the word rout is to consider its similarity to the word riot, both suggesting a disastrous mess. One interesting thing about the word rout is that whether it's used as a noun or as a verb, it's spelled the same and implies a similar meaning. "The losing team suffers during a rout while the winning team actually routs them!" Whichever form you use, you're referring to a pretty devastating defeat.
WORD FAMILY
rout: router, routs+/router: routers
USAGE EXAMPLES
That launched a streak in which Baltimore won six of eight, including a 38-6 rout of Miami .
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
No. 17 Xavier won twice this week, including a dominant 82-56 rout over Providence on Wednesday.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Coach Jeff Fisher was fired after a Week 14 rout by the Atlanta Falcons and they are in the midst of a six-game losing streak.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 打垮; 赶跑; 挖掘出; （体育）打败对方
vi. 搜寻; 用鼻子拱土
n. 溃败; 暴动; 混乱的群众; 盛大的晚会
时态：routed, routing, routs
分布：大败(44%)，凑热闹的人(23%)，使 ... 溃败(11%)，彻底溃败(11%)，使 ... 败逃(11%)
→来自中古法语 route,溃败的军队，来自拉丁语 rupta,分开的，断开的，来自 rumpere,分开，断 开，词源同 rip,rob,rupture.
【记】rout后沿着route routr＝run，out：跑出战场－溃退。
verb transitive formal
■to defeat an enemy completely and force them to run away 击溃，使彻底溃败，彻底击败
• figurative The Russian chess team have routed all the rest. 俄罗斯国际象棋队把其他参赛队都打了个落花流水。
[raʊt] verb transitive formal
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] rout sb out US
■to make someone come out of the place where they are 赶走（某人），将（某人）撵走，驱赶（某人）
• His wife had to rout him out of the crowd. 他的妻子不得不把他硬拖出人群。
[raʊt] noun countable
■defeat 溃败，彻底失败
• The battle/election was a complete and utter rout. 那次战役／选举一败涂地。
vt. 击溃
 - wallop
vi. 搜寻
 - search, hunt for
n. 溃败；暴动
 - insurrection, sedition

Word: rump
Front: rump
[rʌmp] (16463/11730 -1)
Back: n. 臀部，尾部; 残余部分; 牛臀肉; 余党
分布：余党(100%)
→来自古诺斯语 rumpr,臀部，屁股，来自德语 Rumpf,树干，躯干，来自 Proto-Germanic*rumpo, 树干。
noun countable
■the back end of an animal （动物的）臀部
■humorous
■a person's bottom （人的）臀部，屁股蛋子
■those few members of a group or organization who stay after the others have left or been forced out 残余分子；残余组织
n. （人的）臀部，（动物的）尾部；残余，渣滓
 - remains, leaving, tail, bottom, hip

Word: pickle
Front: pickle
[ˈpɪkl] (六 10048/12016 -1)
Vocabulary: pickle
(once / 899 pages)
1nv 2n
A pickle is a food that's made by soaking vegetables in brine or vinegar. If you are wondering what that crunchy green wedge beside your sandwich is, it just may be a pickle.
While the most familiar pickles in the US are the thin disks or small, crunchy pickled cucumbers you can buy in jars, there are many other kinds of pickles. You can pickle just about any vegetable, from beets to okra to cucumbers — or even hard boiled eggs. In South Asian cuisines, pickle is a delicious spicy relish served aside many dishes. And if you find yourself in a really messy situation, you can say, "Wow, what a pickle."
WORD FAMILY
pickle: pickled, pickles, pickling
USAGE EXAMPLES
The German butcher at 86th and Second Avenue complained that pickle jars were falling off the shelves from the vibrations of the construction.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The report was compiled by a former cabinet minister, Eric Pickles, who called Tower Hamlets a “wake-up call” when introducing it.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Most dishes are perked up with pickled vegetables, fresh herbs or other lively additions.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 腌渍（泡菜等）
n. 腌菜，泡菜; 腌制食品; 遇到麻烦，处于困境
时态：pickled, pickling, pickles
分布：泡(37%)，泡菜(35%)，腌(22%)，腌汁(6%)
→来自荷兰语pekel,卤水，腌菜，最终词源不详，据说是来自中世纪发明这种腌菜的一个荷兰渔夫的名字。
noun
countable or uncountable
■(a sauce made from) vegetables or fruit which have been preserved in a vinegar sauce or salty water 腌菜，泡菜；酱菜
• cheese and pickle sandwiches 起司和腌菜三明治
• Have some pickles with your salad. 在沙拉里加点泡菜。
countable US
■a cucumber which has been preserved in vinegar or salty water, or slices of this 腌黄瓜（片）
• a sweet/sour pickle 甜／酸黄瓜
['pɪk.l] noun
be in a (pretty/right) pickle old-fashioned
■to be in a difficult situation 处于困境
['pɪk.l] verb transitive
■to preserve vegetables or fruit in a vinegar sauce or salty water （用醋或盐水）腌制，腌渍
• The onions had been pickled in brine. 洋葱已经在盐水中腌过了。
n. 泡菜；盐卤；腌制食品
 - sourcrout, bittern
vt. 泡；腌制
 - steep, dip

Word: stigma
Front: stigma
[ˈstɪgmə] (宝 8507/11558 -1)
Vocabulary: stigma
(once / 1360 pages)
n
If something has a negative association attached to it, call this a stigma. Bed-wetting can lead to a social stigma for a six year old, while chewing tobacco might have the same effect for a sixty year old.
Stigma, from the Greek word of the same spelling meaning "mark, puncture," came into English through Latin to mean a mark burned into the skin to signify disgrace. It did not take long for stigma to be used figuratively, as it is commonly used today, for the negative stereotype or reputation attached to something such as "the stigma of divorce."
WORD FAMILY
stigma: stigmas, stigmatic, stigmatise, stigmatize +/stigmatic: stigmatically, stigmatics/stigmatise: stigmatisation, stigmatised, stigmatises, stigmatising/ stigmatize: stigmatization, stigmatized, stigmatizes, stigmatizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
After the festival-circuit success of her first feature, the 2009 romantic drama "Everyone Else," Ade felt pressure and a stigma.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Walters wanted to raise awareness about HIV and hosted testing onsite to decrease its stigma.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
And yet she did much to dispel the stigma around mental illness, even cheekily proposing a Bipolar Pride Day.
The New Yorker(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 耻辱，污名; 烙印; （病的）特征; [植] 柱头
分布：耻辱(46%)，柱头(36%)，污名(18%)
→来自拉丁语 stigma,烙印，伤痕，来自希腊语 stigma,烙印，刺痕标记，来自 stizein,作标记， 刺青，来自 steig,刺，词源同 stick,sting.引申词义耻辱标记，耻辱，羞耻等。
污点;不名誉的事[stigm=mark,表示"标志,斑点"]
【记】原指：在罪犯或奴隶身上烙入皮肤的烙印－耻辱stig小棍，ma妈妈：妈妈有坏名声要用小棍打。
【参】stigmatize（v 诬蔑）
【反】mark of esteem（尊敬的标志）
noun
FEELING 感觉
countable usually singular uncountable
■when people disapprove of something, especially when this is unfair 耻辱；（尤指不公正的）恶名
• There is no longer any stigma to being divorced. 离婚不再是甚么耻辱的事了。
• Being an unmarried mother no longer carries the social stigma that it used to. 未婚妈妈不再像过去那样在社会上背负恶名了。
['stɪg.mə] noun
FLOWER PART 花的部分
countable
■the top of the central female part of a flower, where pollen is received 柱头
n. [植] 柱头；耻辱；污名；烙印；特征
 - characteristic, brand

Word: suppression
Front: suppression
[səˈpreʃn] (10147/8868)
Vocabulary: suppression
(once / 1195 pages)
n
Suppression is the act of keeping something from happening — like the suppression of your laughter when your best friend passes you a funny note in class.
In psychology, suppression is the act of stopping yourself from thinking or feeling something. It is generally presumed to be ineffective because even if you suppress or hold back an emotion, like anger, that feeling returns with a vengeance. Suppression can also mean the act of holding something else back, like the suppression of a book from publication because you don't like its message.
WORD FAMILY
suppression: suppressions+/ suppress: suppressed, suppresser, suppresses, suppressing, suppression, suppressive, suppressor/ suppressed: suppressedly, unsuppressed/suppresser: suppressers/suppressor: suppressors
USAGE EXAMPLES
Democratic centralism still prevails—exemplified by the party’s monopoly on power, Xi Jinping’s autocratic rule and the suppression of dissent.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
He showered a handful of businesses with favors such as tax benefits, cheap electricity, a buy-Korea policy and the suppression of organized labor.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“We did the suppression, we closed with them and we pulled back,” Lance Cpl.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 压制; 镇压; 禁止; 抑制
分布：抑制(86%)，镇压(14%)
→suppress,镇压，压制，-ion,名词后缀。
镇压,平定(suppress+ion)[press=press表示"挤压"]
VERB
镇压;制止;压制
If someone in authority suppresses an activity, they prevent it from continuing, by using force or making it illegal.
例：...drug traffickers, who continue to flourish despite international attempts to suppress them...在国际社会强力打击下活动依然猖獗的贩毒分子
例：...nationwide demonstrations for democracy, suppressed after 7 weeks by the army.在进行7周后遭到军队镇压的全国性民主示威活动
VERB
制止，阻止，抑制(身体的功能或反应)
If a natural function or reaction of your body is suppressed, it is stopped, for example by drugs or illness.
例：The reproduction and growth of the cancerous cells can be suppressed by bombarding them with radiation.可以通过放疗杀死癌细胞来抑制其再生和扩散。
例：...the strongest evidence so far that ultraviolet light can suppress human immune responses.迄今为止可证明紫外线能抑制人体免疫反应的最有力证据
VERB
抑制，控制，克制(感情或反应);忍住
If you suppress your feelings or reactions, you do not express them, even though you might want to.
例：Liz thought of Barry and suppressed a smile...莉兹想起了巴里，忍住没笑。
例：The Professor said that deep sleep allowed suppressed anxieties to surface.教授说深度睡眠可以使压抑的焦虑情绪得以释放。
VERB
封锁，隐瞒(消息)
If someone suppresses a piece of information, they prevent other people from learning it.
例：At no time did they try to persuade me to suppress the information...他们从没有试图劝我隐瞒这个消息。
例：The wrong criminal is in the dock either because a genuine mistake has been made or because evidence has been suppressed.冤案错案的出现，要么是因为确实弄错了，要么是因为证据被隐瞒。
VERB
压制，抑制，阻止(进程或活动)
If someone or something suppresses a process or activity, they stop it continuing or developing.
例：'The Government is suppressing inflation by devastating the economy,' he said...他说，“政府正在通过破坏经济来抑制通货膨胀。”
例：Lawyers said today's ruling would lead to higher prices and would suppress innovation of new products.律师们称今天的裁决将会抬升价格，并抑制新产品的创新。
n. [电子] 抑制；镇压； [植] 压抑
 - checking, control, restraint, inhibition, curb

Word: twelve
Front: twelve
[twelv] (中高 3218/1447 -5)
Back: num. 十二; 十二个; 十二点钟; 十二岁
adj. 十二的; 十二个的
n. 十二；十二个
分布：十二(100%)
→来自古英语 twelf,十二，字面意思即剩下两个，来自 Proto-Germanic*twa-lif,十二，来自 dwo,二，词源同 two,leip,停留，留下，词源同 leave.比较 eleven.
num.十二pron./a.十二(个,只...)Be here by twelve o'clock at the latest.最迟十二点来到这儿.
number
 ESSENTIAL
■the number 12 （数字）12
• ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen 10，11，12，13
• a twelve-seater minibus 12座的小巴
⇒ See also dozen
n. 十二；十二个
 - dozen
adj. 十二的；十二个的
 - duodenary

Word: clinch
Front: clinch
[klɪntʃ] (托宝 12311/9072 -2)
Back: vi. （尤指两人）互相紧紧抱[扭]住
vt. <非正>解决（争端、交易），达成（协议）; 敲弯
n. 钳子，夹子; 敲弯
时态：clinched, clinching, clinches
分布：拥抱(41%)，钉牢(21%)，固定(10%)，紧抓(7%)，揪扭(7%)，最终解决(7%)，扭住对手(7%)
→来自clench 的拼写变体，即抓住，解决。
【区】与clench相差一个字母I象钉子：板上钉钉
verb informal
WIN 赢得
transitive
■to finally get or win something 获得；最终赢得；达成
• I hear he finally clinched the deal to buy the land he wanted. 我听说他最终做成了这笔交易，买到了他想要的土地。
[klɪntʃ] verb informal
DECIDE 决定
clinch it
■to make someone decide what to do after a lot of thought or discussion 使下定决心；使敲定；使确定
• When they said the job would involve travelling to Paris, that clinched it (for her) (= that made her certain that she wanted the job). 他们说这份工作有机会去巴黎，她便决心接受这份工作。
[klɪntʃ] noun countable
■the position two people are in when they are holding each other tightly in their arms, when fighting or showing love （打架时的）扭抱；（表示亲热时的）拥抱

Word: gloss
Front: gloss
[glɒs] (雅宝 11217/9525 -1)
Vocabulary: gloss
(once / 1934 pages)
1nv 2vn
A gloss is a shiny finish on an object. It’s also an explanation about a word or phrase. Right now, you’re reading a gloss on the word gloss.
Gloss has a number of meanings, so it’s a good idea to read our gloss on this word. Gloss can refer to the shine or polish on a smooth surface. A gloss can also be a definition or explanation. A book may have glosses that explain what unusual or technical terms mean. Sometimes gloss has a negative sense: if you leave out important information when discussing something, you could be accused of glossing over those details.
WORD FAMILY
gloss: glossed, glosses, glossing, semigloss
USAGE EXAMPLES
Or are they putting a lovely gloss on some of Trump’s unsavory rhetoric and actions?
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Amid this flood of leaks, we did learn a few new details, in addition to the CIA’s new gloss on existing intelligence.
Slate(Dec 12, 2016)
Stash those muted eye shadows and barely there lip glosses.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. 光彩，光泽，光滑; 注释，注解; 假象
vt. 发光，给…加光泽; 注释，注解; 掩饰（错误）
时态：glossed, glossing, glosses
分布：光泽(60%)，掩盖(13%)，注释(11%)，光彩(5%)，注解(5%)，虚饰(4%)，作注释(2%)
→1.光泽，词源同glass, glow.
【记】源于glow（vi 发光；发热），ss－光泽－使文章变得光泽－注解源于glass（n 玻璃）－光泽－使文章变得光泽－注解
【区】gross（adj 总的n 总额）；engross（vt 使全神贯注；独占）
US [glɑ:s] noun
APPEARANCE 外表
[S or U]
■a smooth shiny appearance on the surface of something, or paint or a similar substance which produces this appearance 光亮，光泽；亮光漆；用以产生光泽的物质
• Marble can be polished to a high gloss. 大理石可以被磨得非常光滑。
• This varnish provides a long-lasting and hard-wearing gloss finish. 用这种清漆做亮光漆可以使表面光亮、持久、耐磨。
• lip gloss 唇彩
• We'll need a litre of gloss (paint)to cover the woodwork. 我们得用一公升亮光漆来涂一下木建部分。
UK [glɒs] US [glɑ:s] noun
EXPLANATION 解释
countable
■an explanation for a word or phrase 注释；评注
• Difficult expressions are explained in the glosses at the bottom of the page. 难以理解的词组在页脚都有注释。
UK [glɒs] US [glɑ:s] noun
put a gloss on sth
■to emphasize the good parts of something that has been done, especially those which are to your advantage, and to avoid the bad parts （尤指出于私心而）突出…的好处，夸饰…好的一面，粉饰
• Politics is all about putting a good gloss on unpleasant or difficult situations. 政治无非就是用粉饰太平的手段来掩饰令人不快或困难的局面。
UK [glɒs] US [glɑ:s] noun
take the gloss off sth
■to make an event or occasion less special and enjoyable 煞…的风景；使黯然失色；使逊色
• The bad weather really took the gloss off our trip to the zoo. 糟糕的天气着实破坏了我们去动物园玩的兴致。
UK [glɒs] US [glɑ:s] verb transitive
■to provide an explanation for a word or phrase 给…加注释（或注解）
• In the school edition of the book, the older and more rare words have been glossed. 这本书的教学用版本对一些较古老和较生僻的词作了注释。
UK [glɒs] US [glɑ:s] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  gloss over sth
■to avoid considering something, such as an embarrassing mistake, to make it seem not important, and to quickly continue talking about something else 搪塞；掩盖
• She glossed over the company's fall in profits. 她掩饰了公司利润下降的问题。
• The film was well researched, but it glossed over the important issues. 这部电影搜集了大量真实的资料，但是它却避开了一些重要的问题。
n. 光彩；注释；假象
 - notes, splendor
vt. 使光彩；掩盖；注释
 - cover up, screen from

Word: fascination
Front: fascination
[ˌfæsɪˈneɪʃn] (托 6681/7139 -1)
Vocabulary: fascination
(once / 702 pages)
n
If diamondback turtles hold a certain fascination for you, you know everything there is to know about them, you talk about them all the time, and maybe you've embroidered one on your pillowcase. Fascination is an irresistible attraction.
Be careful to use the right preposition: you've got a fascination with handsome princes, but handsome princes hold a fascination for you. When you have a fascination, it's as if you're bewitched, and — what do you know? — the word goes back to the Latin fascinare, which means "cast a spell on."
WORD FAMILY
fascination: fascinations+/ fascinate: fascinated, fascinates, fascinating, fascination / fascinated: fascinatedly/ fascinating: fascinatingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Our illogical, enduring fascination with play remains one of life’s great mysteries.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
“The personal revelations just add to the fascination and gossip around them,” he said.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Tradescant was an avid plant collector and botanist, a prime example of the English aristocracy’s longstanding fascination with plants.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 魅力; 迷恋
分布：魅力(78%)，入迷(18%)，迷惑力(4%)
【记】fascinate（vt 使着迷；使神魂颠倒）因为被fascia捆住了
noun [S or U]
■when you find someone or something fascinating 入迷；着迷
• Miller's fascination with medieval art dates from her childhood. 米勒对中世纪艺术的痴迷始于童年时期。
• Mass murders hold a gruesome fascination for the public. 屠杀案既令公众毛骨悚然又叫他们着迷。
n. 魅力；魔力；入迷
 - charm, grace

Word: foment
Front: foment
[fəʊˈment] (托宝 22862/24306)
Vocabulary: foment
(once / 2929 pages)
1v 2v
Stand outside the school cafeteria passing out flyers with nutritional details on school food, and you may foment a revolution––foment means stirring up something undesirable, such as trouble.
You would never say, "Hooray, we fomented a revolution." Instead you'd say, "Those good for nothing scalawags fomented the rebellion." Don't confuse foment and ferment. Ferment can mean "to stir up" in a good way––a football game can ferment excitement in a town, or foment trouble through traffic tie-ups and litter.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
ferment / foment
When change is a brewin', remember: to ferment is to cause a chemical change to food or drink, like turning grapes into wine, but to foment is to stir up trouble, like turning a group of people into an angry mob.
Fermentation is a magical alchemy through which bacteria, yeast, and time turn barley into beer, cabbage into kimchi or sauerkraut, and milk into kefir. To ferment is to effect that change. Since ferment describes a process, it's often used in the form of fermented or fermenting. Fermented grapes = wine.
To ferment can also mean to stir up. When you ferment something, you agitate it, you work it up, and then it changes. You can ferment people, too! An inspiring leader might ferment a revolution! See the word in action:
Thus campaigns demonstrate that creationists threaten the creative ferment that produces social improvement. (Washington Post)
Miso is a fermented soy product rich in probiotic cultures, which are essential for immune health. (US News)
Elephants in southern Africa often binge on the naturally fermenting fruit of the marula tree and lumber unsteadily away afterward. (Wall Street Journal)
Foment is similar to ferment in the sense of stirring up people, but it's always bad. To foment is to cause trouble.
The word's Latin roots mean to apply a warm compress, and it can still be used that way, but usually it's more like slapping someone with a towel dipped in hot water — start fighting! Here are some examples from the news:
We want you to model interpersonal reconciliation rather than foment personal conflict. (Time)
They said they would use their strategic reach and inspirational force to foment domestic attacks in the United States, and they did in San Bernardino. (US News)
It can even foment terrorism as people give up hope in good and honest government. (BBC)
So, use ferment when discussing drunk elephants and happy sports fans, and foment for angry rebellions. It's what bad guys do, and not to food.
WORD FAMILY
foment: fomentation, fomented, fomenter, fomenting, foments+/fomentation: fomentations/fomenter: fomenters
USAGE EXAMPLES
She convinced us that this was a princess who fought on the front lines and fomented espionage.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Widely held conspiracy theories portray her as seeking to foment unrest that will return Russia to the chaos and depression of the 1990s.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
At the same time as riling China, Trump is fomenting a triangular strategic upheaval by building bridges to Russia.
The Guardian(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: vt. 激起，煽动（麻烦等）
时态：fomented, fomenting, foments
分布：煽动(63%)，激起(20%)，引发(17%)
→来自拉丁语fovere, 热，词源同fever. -ment,名词后缀。引申词义煽动。
【记】ferment（v 使发酵，激动，动乱）
【反】inhibit（v 抑制；约束）；quell（v 镇压）；squelch（v 压制）；stifle（vt 使窒息；抑制）；defuse（v 缓和；平息）；quash（v 取消）；thwart（vt 反对；阻碍）；placate（v 安抚）；impede（v 阻止）
US [foʊ-] formal
verb transitive
■to cause trouble to develop 挑起，激起，煽动（事端）
• The song was banned on the grounds that it might foment racial tension. 这首歌因可能挑起种族冲突被禁播了。
vt. 煽动；挑起；热敷
 - fan, egg

Word: impetus
Front: impetus
[ˈɪmpɪtəs] (研六托雅宝 9359/6984 -1)
Vocabulary: impetus
(once / 1779 pages)
n
An impetus is the force behind something, whether it's a boulder rolling down a hill or a person making a decision.
Very little would get done if there were no such thing as an impetus: an impetus is some kind of force that gets something or somebody moving. If you push a car that's out of gas, you're the impetus that's getting it moving. An impetus doesn't have to be physical. Advertisers hope their commercials will be an impetus to buy the product.
WORD FAMILY
impetus: impetuses
USAGE EXAMPLES
“We provided the impetus for the associations to get organised.”
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
As well as shaking up the art establishment, the victory brought the winning area impetus, pride, attention - and tension.
BBC(Dec 05, 2016)
Non-OPEC output has fallen this year, adding impetus to the cartel’s efforts.
Economist(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 动力; 促进; 势头; 声势
分布：推动力(77%)，刺激(23%)
→im-,进入，使，-pet,追逐，冲击，词源同compete,appetite.引申词义推动，促进，刺激等。
动力,冲动(im内+pet+us→内在的追求→冲动)[pet=seek,表示"追寻,寻求"]
n.推动(力),促进The competent petitioner thinks the perpetual impetus is petty.有能力的请愿者认为永久的动力是细小的.
【记】im进入，pet追求，us我们－进入追求我们的状态，因为受了刺激，因为看到我们都去了哈佛－推动力
【参】competitor（n 竞争者）
US [-pə.tˌəs] noun [S or U]
■something which encourages a particular activity or makes that activity more energetic or effective 推动，促进，刺激
• The recent publicity surrounding homelessness has given (a) fresh impetus to the cause. 最近围绕无家可归者的宣传对这项事业是一股新的推动力。
n. 动力；促进；冲力
 - momentum, promotion, acceleration

Word: grandchild
Front: grandchild
[ˈgræntʃaɪld] (中高 4393/19714 -K2)
Vocabulary: grandchild
(once / 1129 pages)
n
If you have a grandparent, you are a grandchild. You are the grandchild of your mother’s and father’s parents. If you have a grandchild, your son or daughter had a baby. Congratulations.
A person becomes a grandparent when their kid has their first baby, and that baby is the grandparent’s grandchild. Boys are often called "grandsons," and girls "granddaughters," but both are also grandchildren. Grandchild uses the family or genealogical sense of the prefix grand-, which first meant "a generation older than," and since Elizabethan times has also meant "a generation younger than."
WORD FAMILY
grandchild: grandchildren
USAGE EXAMPLES
In addition to her daughter, she is survived by two sons, Mark Lansburgh and Frank Bell Appleby, and four grandchildren.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
A leading US Republican says she fears for the future of her seven grandchildren with Donald Trump in the White House.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Pat MacDowell, 70, who travels the country in an RV, stopped by to buy tickets for four of her grandchildren.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 孙子; 孙女; 外孙
分布：孙女(78%)，孙儿(22%)
['grænd.tʃaɪld] (plural grandchildren)
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■the child of a person's son or daughter 孙子（女）；外孙（女）

Word: inappropriate
Front: inappropriate
[ˌɪnəˈprəʊpriət] (托 5047/4790 -2)
Vocabulary: inappropriate
(once / 1376 pages)
adj
The word "appropriate" means correct or proper and since the little prefix "in" turns its meaning around, something inappropriate is considered not proper or suitable.
Nowadays, it seems, anything goes. Yet good manners and standards prevail, and some things are simply inappropriate — such as taking a toddler to a violent movie, or making jokes at someone else's expense. You wouldn't show your future father-in-law naked pictures of his daughter or wear a bathing suit to a state dinner. Those actions are simply inappropriate.
WORD FAMILY
inappropriate: inappropriately, inappropriateness+/ wrong: wronged, wronger, wrongest, wrongful, wronging, wrongly, wrongness, wrongs/wrongful: wrongfully, wrongfulness/wrongness: inappropriate, wrongnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Loud, inappropriate and unruly behavior is not tolerated in our luxury resorts.”
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Q: I can’t get a refund from Amtrak for its totally inappropriate “handicapped” room on the Empire Builder from Chicago to Glacier National Park.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
If they do something really inappropriate, for example hit another child, you seem to be incapable of reacting with the seriousness such behaviour warrants.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 不恰当的，不适宜的; 不合适; 不宜; 不妥
分布：不适当的(97%)，不合宜的(3%)
→in-,不，非，appropriate,合适的。
【记】appropriate（adj 适当的）
【反】germane（adj 有密切关系的；恰当的）；apt（adj 适当的）
US [-'proʊ-] adjective
■unsuitable 不适合的；不恰当的
• His casual behaviour was wholly inappropriate for such a formal occasion. 他随便的举止在这样正式的场合十分不恰当。
• I think it would be inappropriate (for you) to invite her to a party so soon after her husband's death. 我认为（你）在她丈夫刚去世不久就邀请她参加聚会是不合适的。
adj. 不适当的；不相称的
 - inadequate, unhappy, wrong, improper

Word: retiree
Front: retiree
[rɪˌtaɪəˈri:] (7235/43556 -1)
Vocabulary: retiree
(once / 5626 pages)
n
A retiree is a person who has permanently stopped working. Florida is famous for being a state where many retirees live. That's why Florida has so many golf courses (and nursing homes).
Most retirees are 65 or older — they've worked their whole lives, and when they retire, or cease working, they're taking a well-deserved break. Many older people continue to work, instead of becoming retirees. The word retiree comes from retire, which first meant "to retreat," and later "to withdraw to a private place." The suffix -ee is often used in legal terms to mean "initiator of an action."
WORD FAMILY
retiree: retirees+/ retire: retired, retiree, retirement, retires, retiring / retired: retiredly/ retirement: retirements/ retiring: retiringly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The impact of the tax on the growing number of middle-income retirees who will be paying it is much larger.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Destitute retirees impose costs on everyone, adding pressure on taxpayer-funded public support systems and younger generations.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Just under 400,000 American retirees are now living abroad, according to the Social Security Administration.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 退休者; 退职者; 退役者
分布：退休人员(79%)，退休者(21%)
US [-'taɪ.ri:] US
noun countable
■a person who has stopped working 退休人员；退职者
• The neighborhood is a mixture of young couples, retirees and single professionals. 这个社区的居民身份庞杂，有年轻夫妇、退休老人和单身专业人士。

Word: rarity
Front: rarity
[ˈreərəti] (12100/9964 -1)
Back: n. 稀有，罕见; 稀薄，稀少; 珍品，罕见的东西
分布：稀有(63%)，珍品(23%)，稀薄(14%)
→来自 rare,罕见的。
【反】frequency（n 频率；频繁性出现的情况）
US ['rer.ə.tˌi] noun countable or uncountable
■something that is very unusual, or the quality of being very unusual 罕见的东西（或人）；稀有，罕见
• Men who do the cooking are something of a rarity. 做饭的男人还真是少见。
• Diamonds are valuable because of their rarity. 钻石贵重是因为它很稀有。
n. 罕见；珍贵；珍品（需用复数）；稀薄
 - treasure, pearl

Word: ingenuity
Front: ingenuity
[ˌɪndʒəˈnju:əti] (六宝 11595/9822 -1)
Vocabulary: ingenuity
(once / 684 pages)
n
Ingenuity is the ability to think creatively about a situation or to solve problems in a clever way. If you want to build a boat out of toothpicks and yarn, you’ll need a lot of ingenuity.
The Latin word for “mind, intellect” is a root of ingenuity, and it takes a bright and fast-thinking intellect to use ingenuity in a situation. Athletes show ingenuity all the time, finding exciting ways to outwit their opponents and to achieve victory. Master criminals rely on their ingenuity in order to evade the law when they are chased. Ingenuity is all about imagination, and an imaginative mind knows that every obstacle can be overcome with a little ingenuity.
WORD FAMILY
ingenuity: ingenuities+/ ingenious: ingeniousest, ingeniously, ingeniousness, ingenuity
USAGE EXAMPLES
Finding an answer for Quinlan and children like him relies as much on Chinese expertise as it does American ingenuity.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
It’s not somber scientists who drive human ingenuity, nor the warrior class and its quest for a better spear.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Few movies showcased heroines who showed more guts and ingenuity than many of the men around her.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 足智多谋，心灵手巧; 独创性; 独出心裁，设计新颖; 巧妙，精巧
分布：独创性(54%)，心灵手巧(30%)，精巧(16%)
→来自ingenious,灵巧的，精巧的。
【反】lack of inventiveness（缺乏创造性）
US [-ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
■someone's ability to think of clever new ways of doing something 心灵手巧；足智多谋；独创力
• Drug smugglers constantly use their ingenuity to find new ways of getting drugs into a country. 毒贩总是绞尽脑汁地寻找跨境贩毒的新花招。
n. 心灵手巧，独创性；精巧；精巧的装置
 - originality, elaboration

Word: ruth
Front: ruth
[ru:θ] (-/2728)
Back: n. 怜悯，悲哀
分布：怜悯(50%)，后悔(50%)

Word: undocumented
Front: undocumented
[ˌʌn'dɒkjʊmentɪd] (11308/38209)
Back: adj. 无正式文件的，无事实证明的
分布：无正式文件的(60%)，无事实证明的(40%)

Word: stipulate
Front: stipulate
[ˈstɪpjuleɪt] (托雅宝 10956/8713 -1)
Vocabulary: stipulate
(once / 868 pages)
v
To stipulate something means to demand that it be part of an agreement. So when you make a contract or deal, you can stipulate that a certain condition must be met.
Anytime you draw up a legal agreement, you can stipulate a requirement that has to be met for that agreement to be complete. This stipulation might put some sort of limit on the agreement. For example, if you run a fencing company and offer a sale, you can stipulate that to get the sale price, the fence must be ordered by a certain date. Your customer, in turn, might stipulate that the work must be finished before the ground freezes.
WORD FAMILY
stipulate: stipulated, stipulates, stipulating, stipulation, stipulatory+/ stipulation: stipulations
USAGE EXAMPLES
I stipulated above that you must use only the four basic mathematical operations.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
In April, Mexico allowed private companies to import fuels for the first time, nine months ahead of what the energy reform program originally stipulated.
Reuters(Dec 27, 2016)
These are matters for trade negotiators to fine-tune—and let’s stipulate that Trump hires really skilled negotiators.
Slate(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. （尤指在协议或建议中）规定，约定，讲明（条件等）
vi. 规定，明确要求
adj. 有托叶的
时态：stipulated, stipulating, stipulates
分布：规定(84%)，保证(14%)，有明文规定的(2%)
→来自拉丁语 stipulari,交易，订约，达成条款，可能来自 stipula,草梗，叶柄，茎，来自 steip, 刺，词源同 stipule,stipple.其词义演变来自古罗马时期谈判双方达成协议后，会折断一根草 作为象征。这种行为可能类似武侠小说中把箭折断，然后立下重誓言语“如违此誓，有如此 箭（剑）”，参照《天龙八部》相关章节。
【记】s，tip（n 顶；尖；点；小费），u，late晚－现在点明已经晚了，所以应该在合同中规定出来。
['stɪp.jʊ.leɪt] formal
verb transitive
■to state exactly how something must be or must be done 规定，约定；明确说明
• She agreed to buy the car, but stipulated racing tyres and a turbo-powered engine. 她同意买这辆车，但指明要装赛车轮胎和涡轮动力引擎。
• [+ that] The law stipulates that new cars must have seat belts for the driver and every passenger. 法律规定新车必须为驾驶人和每位乘客配备坐椅安全带。
• [+ question word] We have signed a contract which stipulates wh en the project must be completed. 我们已签署合约，规定了必须完成专案计划的时间。
vi. 规定；保证
 - to formulate, prescribe
vt. 规定；保证
 - define, undertake, regulate, assure, state

Word: ecology
Front: ecology
[iˈkɒlədʒi] (高研六托雅 6425/8093 -1)
Vocabulary: ecology
(once / 3251 pages)
n
The noun ecology describes the environment as it connects to living things, or the branch of biology that studies that environment.
The German zoologist Ernst Haeckel coined the word ecology almost 150 years ago, and it should come as no surprise — his being a serious scientist and all — that he combined a couple of Greek words to do it. Oikos means "habitation" and -ology means "the study of." So ecology started off as the study of where things live. More and more, though, the word is used interchangeably with environment.
WORD FAMILY
ecology: ecologic, ecological, ecologies, ecologist +/ ecological: ecologically/ ecologist: ecologists
USAGE EXAMPLES
While stylishly revealing his amazing insights and discoveries, including the concept of ecology, her account portrays a genuinely nice man.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
The study, published in Journal of Animal Ecology, was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
It is geology, ecology, meteorology, economics, and many other disciplines rolled into one.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 生态学; 社会生态学; 个体生态学
分布：生态(70%)，生态学(30%)
→eco-, 家，生态。-logy, 学说。
n.生态学The jogger made an analytical analogy between the ecology and geology.慢跑者在生态学和地质学之间进行了分析类比.
US [-'kɑ:.lə-] noun uncountable
■the relationships between the air, land, water, animals, plants, etc., usually of a particular area, or the scientific study of this （通常指一个特定区域的）生态；生态学
• The oil spill caused terrible damage to the fragile ecology of the coast. 石油外泄给脆弱的海岸生态环境带来严重的破坏。
• She hopes to study ecology at college. 她希望在大学里读生态学。
n. [生态] 生态学；社会生态学
 - oecology, bionomics

Word: buckle
Front: buckle
[ˈbʌkl] (托雅宝 8961/11791 -1)
Vocabulary: buckle
(once / 834 pages)
1nv 2vn
A buckle is a clasp or fastener, such as the one on the end of a belt. In the old days, not only belts but also shoes had buckles.
When you fasten your belt buckle, you can say you buckle it — you also buckle your seat belt and buckle a kid's bike helmet under his chin. When the ground buckles during an earthquake, it folds or bends out of shape, and when your knees buckle, you could fall. You might also buckle under pressure or stress. The Latin root word is buccula, "cheek strap of a helmet."
WORD FAMILY
buckle: buckled, buckles, buckling, unbuckle+/unbuckle: unbuckled, unbuckles, unbuckling
USAGE EXAMPLES
SpaceX said accumulation of oxygen in a void or buckle in the liner most likely led to the explosion.
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
Air Force, the Federal Aviation Administration and industry experts — found “buckles,” or valleys, in the vessels’ inner liners.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But it's a system that's beginning to buckle under financial pressure.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 用搭扣扣紧; （使）变形，弯曲
n. 搭扣，扣环
时态：buckled, buckling, buckles
分布：弯曲(30%)，皮带扣(22%)，扣住(22%)，扣子(16%)，屈服(8%)，专心做事(2%)
→来自拉丁词bucca, 下巴，脸颊。原指系在下巴上的帽子，搭扣。来自PIE *bheu, 膨胀，鼓起来，词源同bucket.
【记】读：叭扣，叭的一声扣上。buckle up扣紧安全带
noun countable
■a piece of metal at one end of a belt or strap, used to fasten the two ends together （皮带等的）搭扣，扣环
['bʌk.l] verb
FASTEN 扣紧
intransitive or transitive
■to fasten or be fastened with a buckle 用扣环扣住
['bʌk.l] verb
BEND 弯曲
intransitive or transitive
■to bend or become bent, often as a result of force, heat or weakness 弯曲，变形
• The intense heat from the fire had caused the factory roof to buckle. 大火的高温烤得工厂的屋顶变了形。
• Both wheels on the bicycle had been badly buckled. 脚踏车的两个车轮都已严重变形。
• I felt faint and my knees began to buckle. 我感到眩晕，腿也站不直了。
['bʌk.l] verb
BE DEFEATED 被打败
buckle under sth
■to be defeated by a difficult situation 屈服于（困境）
• But these were difficult times and a lesser man would have buckled under the strain. 但当时是困难时期，脆弱的人肯定会被压力压垮。
['bʌk.l] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  buckle down
■to start working hard 开始努力工作
• He'll have to buckle down (to his work) soon if he wants to pass these exams. 如果他想透过这些考试就必须马上下苦功。
vi. 扣住；变弯曲
 - button up
vt. 扣住；使弯曲
 - wind, curve

Word: clerk
Front: clerk
[klɑ:k] (高研四托 3877/2959 -K2)
Vocabulary: clerk
(once / 154 pages)
nv
A clerk is an office worker who does various paper work and often keeps accounts of money or other details. An office clerk might answer the phone, file papers, or organize computer records.
A clerical worker is one kind of clerk, and another is the person behind a counter at a store who rings up sales on a cash register. The clerk at your favorite bookstore might also recommend the best new books. Clerk originally had a religious meaning, from cleric, which meant both "ordained person" and "literate person." Because of this second meaning, clerk came to mean "anyone who can read or write."
WORD FAMILY
clerk: clerked, clerking, clerks, clerkship+/clerkship: clerkships
USAGE EXAMPLES
Trump released a list of potential choices during the campaign that included Utah Sen. Mike Lee, who clerked for Justice Samuel Alito.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Police say a man confronted the clerk and demanded cash while implying that he was armed, although he did not show a weapon.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Clerks in Illinois, Michigan, Texas, Florida and California also reported a recent rise in marriages.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 店员; 办事员，职员; 书记员; <古>牧师，教士
vi. 当职员; 当销售员
时态：clerked, clerking, clerks
分布：职员(82%)，办事员(18%)
→来自clergy,神职人员。因为旧时大多数人是不识字的，神职人员在履行神职的同时，也从事 一些记帐记录之事，因此引申此词义。
n.职员,办事员;店员At 8 o'clock the clerk locked the flock of cocks in the room.八点钟时办事员将那群公鸡锁在房间里.
US [klɝ:k] noun countable
■a person who works in an office, dealing with records or performing general office duties 文书；职员
• a filing clerk 档案管理员
• a junior office clerk 办公室初级职员
■US
■a hotel employee who welcomes the guests on arrival （饭店的）接待员
• The (desk) clerk checked us in and gave us our key. （服务台的）接待员给我们办理了入住手续，然后给了我们锁匙。
■US
■someone who sells things in a shop 售货员，店员
• Take your purchases to the (sales) clerk, and he will wrap them for you. 把你买的东西交给售货员，他会帮你包好。
UK [klɑ:k] US [klɝ:k] verb intransitive
■to work as a clerk 担任职员、文员或店员
• Debbie has a summer job clerking in an office. 戴比暑期在一间办公室当文书。
n. 职员，办事员； [劳经] 店员；书记；记帐员
 - secretary, office staff

Word: geopolitics
Front: geopolitics
[ˌdʒi:əʊˈpɒlətɪks] (21569/-)
Back: n. 地缘政治学
分布：地缘政治学(89%)，生存空间说(11%)
US [-oʊ'pɑ:.lə.tˌɪks] noun uncountable
■the study of the way a country's size, position, etc. influence its power and its relationships with other countries 地缘政治学，地理政治学
■political activity as influenced by the physical features of a country or area of the world 地缘政治（受一个国家或世界某一地区的自然特征影响的政治行为）
• These developments are having a major impact on the geopolitics of the region. 这些发展对于该地区的地缘政治状况有着显著的影响。
n. 地缘政治学；地理政治论
 - geostrategy

Word: paranoia
Front: paranoia
[ˌpærəˈnɔɪə] (雅宝 10527/14765 -1)
Vocabulary: paranoia
(once / 3891 pages)
n
Something that happens to a person's thinking can lead to paranoia. You may believe that your friends no longer like you, but it's just that your paranoia makes you suspicious of everyone.
Paranoia is from the Greek para-, "beyond, irregular," and noos, "mind." It is an irregularity of the mind, a mental disorder that distorts a person's perception of what is real. Someone with paranoia may believe that other people are out to get them or are watching them all the time. Doctors who treat paranoia look for causes, and while patients can develop the disorder gradually and sometimes due to life circumstances, such as abuse or neglect, the use and abuse of drugs can also cause paranoia.
WORD FAMILY
paranoia: paranoiac, paranoias, paranoid +/paranoiac: paranoiacs/ paranoid: paranoids
USAGE EXAMPLES
He describes the Hollywood-set film as “all shadow work, paranoia, fear, conspiracy, manipulation and poison.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
“In experiences like this, they suffer from paranoia and hyper-vigilance,” Hepburn said.
Reuters(Dec 28, 2016)
Paranoia became the national mood and vigilante surveillance the national pastime.
Salon(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. <医>妄想狂; 偏执狂; （对别人的）瞎猜疑; 疑神疑鬼
分布：偏执狂(62%)，妄想狂(38%)
→para-,在旁，在周围，-noia,思想，想法，词源同nous,matanoia.即胡思乱想，引申词义妄想症，偏执狂。
【记】para旁边，no没有，ia－旁边没有的病－偏执狂
US [ˌper-] noun
countable or uncountable
■an extreme and unreasonable feeling that other people do not like you or are going to harm or criticize you 疑神疑鬼，多疑
• There's a lot of paranoia about crime at the moment. 现在人们十分多疑，总是害怕会有犯罪发生。
uncountable specialized
■Someone who has paranoia has unreasonable false beliefs as a part of another mental illness, for example schizophrenia. 妄想症；偏执狂
n. [心理] 偏执狂， [内科] 妄想狂
 - monomania

Word: honey
Front: honey
[ˈhʌni] (高研四 2932/5334 -2)
Vocabulary: honey
(once / 338 pages)
1nadjv 2n
Honey is the sweet, sticky substance that bees make from flower nectar. Most people like to put a little honey in their tea, but Winnie the Pooh likes to hoard it in a big pot.
Honey comes in various consistencies — from almost solid, in honeycomb, to drippy and liquid. Bees produce honey and store it for food, and humans often take advantage of this, harvesting the honey for themselves. Honey is also a color, the golden shade of most honey, and a verb, meaning "to add honey," or "to make sweet." Since the 14th century, people have also called each other honey as an affectionate nickname.
WORD FAMILY
honey: honey-colored, honeyed, honeyest, honeying, honeylike, honeys, honied
USAGE EXAMPLES
“America is a great nation, a kind nation, a nation of greener pastures and milk and honey and endless possibilities,” Mr. Canunayon said.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
It’s a vibrant place with buzzing sidewalk cafes, bars and independent boutiques, including a honey shop managed by a local beekeeper.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
King Estate Winery is seeking $100,000 in damages from Oregon Honey Products, which does business as Nectar Creek.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 蜂蜜; <口>宝贝; 可爱的人
adj. 蜜的; 心爱的; 加了蜜的; （蜜一样）甘美的
vt. 给…加蜜; 对…甜言蜜语
时态：honied, honeying, honeys
分布：蜂蜜(83%)，亲爱的(7%)，甜蜜(4%)，宝贝(3%)，甜蜜的(2%)，说甜言蜜语(1%)
→来自古英语hunig,蜂蜜，来自Proto-Germanic*hunagam,蜂蜜，可能来自keneko,黄色的，金色的。
n.蜜,蜂蜜Except dishonest ones, anyone who is honest can get honey, everyone thinks so.除了不诚实的人外,任何诚实的人都能得到蜂蜜,人人都这么想.
noun
SWEET SUBSTANCE 甜味物质
 ADVANCED uncountable
■a sweet sticky yellow substance made by bees and used as food 蜂蜜
• UK set honey/runny honey 凝固的／稀软的蜂蜜
• clover honey 苜蓿蜜
['hʌn.i] noun
PERSON 人
countable mainly US
■a name that you call someone you love or like very much 亲爱的
• Hi, honey, I'm home! 嗨，亲爱的，我回来了！
n. [蜂] 蜂蜜；宝贝；甜蜜
 - sweet, mel
adj. 甘美的；蜂蜜似的
 - luscious, nectared
vi. 奉承；说甜言蜜语
 - lick one's boots, make up to

Word: recur
Front: recur
[rɪˈkɜ:(r)] (研六托 13001/9676 -1)
Vocabulary: recur
(once / 504 pages)
1v 2v
Have you ever had the same crazy dream night after night? If so, you know that dreams can recur, meaning they repeat, or happen again.
The verb recur is used to describe something that happens over and over, whether it’s an injury, an argument, or a character who pops up from time to time on a television show. Recur often describes an event that happens repeatedly, but it can also be used to describe something, such as an image or a memory, that for some reason just keeps popping back up in your mind, like self-doubt that recurs every time you worry about something.
WORD FAMILY
recur: recured, recurred, recurrence, recurrent, recurring, recurs+/ recurrence: recurrences/ recurrent: recurrently/ recurring: recurringly
USAGE EXAMPLES
This is a recurring promise among presidential aspirants in South Korea.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But the next morning, he was woken up by that recurring train whistle, which is somehow connected to his adolescent trauma.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Pictorial elements may be soft or hard, recurring or singular, outlined or not.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vi. 再发生; 复发; 重现; 回想
时态：recurred, recurring, recurs
分布：重现(58%)，再发生(42%)
→re-,再，重新，-cur,跑，词源同 course,current.引申诸相关词义。
再发生,重现(re再次+cur→再次跑来)[cur(r),curs,cours=run,表示"跑,发生"]
v.(尤指不好的事)一再发生;重现The event constantly recurred to me.那事件不断地浮现在我脑海里.
US [-'kɝ:] (-rr-)
verb intransitive
 ADVANCED
■to happen many times or to happen again 反复出现；再次发生；重新产生
• The theme of freedom recurs throughout her writing. 自由这一主题在她的写作中反复出现。
• If the pain/problem/trouble, etc. recurs, come and see me. 如果疼痛复发／问题再出现／再感不适等，就来找我。
vi. 复发；重现；采用；再来；循环；递归
 - relapse into, recrudesce

Word: preoccupation
Front: preoccupation
[priˌɒkjuˈpeɪʃn] (研托宝 8783/6468)
Vocabulary: preoccupation
(once / 2159 pages)
n
Preoccupation is a state where you're absorbed in something. You may have a preoccupation with video games or Hello Kitty, for example, if you can't keep your mind off those things.
We all have our preoccupations: ideas and things that we just can't stop thinking about. Just as an occupation means someone is living somewhere, a preoccupation is an idea that's moved in to our minds. One person's preoccupation might be making more money, while another person's preoccupation could be learning to ride a motorcycle. We can also say that someone who is engrossed or absorbed in something is in a state of preoccupation; they're preoccupied.
WORD FAMILY
preoccupation: preoccupations+/ occupancy: occupancies/ occupant: occupants/ occupation: occupational, occupations/ occupational: occupationally/ occupied: occupiedly, unoccupied/ occupier: occupiers/ occupy: occupancy, occupant, occupation, occupied, occupier, occupies, occupying, preoccupy / preoccupied: preoccupancy, preoccupiedly/ preoccupy: preoccupation, preoccupied, preoccupies, preoccupying
USAGE EXAMPLES
Pregnancy seems to be one of health tech's preoccupations this year.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
Wenger’s preoccupation is simply to get the better of him and continue the response to the back-to-back defeats at Everton and Manchester City before Christmas.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Where is God in the normal, often boring, occasionally squalid, preoccupations of everyday life?
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 全神贯注，入神; 当务之急; 使人全神贯注的事物; 偏见，成见
分布：全神贯注(82%)，占据思想(9%)，心里总想着的事物(9%)
全神贯注(pre+occup占有+ation→优先占有(注意力)→全神贯注)[pre-表示"…前的,预先"]
全神贯注[cap,capt,cept,ceive,cip,cup=take,hold,seize,表示"拿,抓,握住"]
【记】pre前，occupation（n 职业；占有）
【反】unconcerned（adj 不关心的；不相关的）
US [-ˌɑ:.kju:-] noun
countable
■an idea or subject that someone thinks about most of the time （时常想的）想法、事情
• My main preoccupation now is trying to keep life normal for the sake of my two boys. 我现在想得最多的是要为了我的两个儿子而尽力使生活保持正常。
countable or uncountable
■the state of being worried about or thinking about something most of the time 入神，长期担忧
• Lately, his preoccupation with football had caused his marks at school to slip. 最近他一心想着足球，学校成绩都退步了。
n. 全神贯注，入神；当务之急；关注的事物；抢先占据；成见
 - absorption, all attention

Word: reassert
Front: reassert
[ˌri:əˈsɜ:t] (14206/11292 -1)
Vocabulary: reassert
(once / 4205 pages)
v
When you state a fact or opinion confidently, and then say it again with equal force, you reassert it. You can also reassert forceful behavior, like when a teacher reasserts control over a rowdy classroom.
You might reassert your belief that one presidential candidate is much better than another, or reassert your innocence when a question of someone stealing cookies from your grandparents' cookie jar is raised more than once. You can also reassert authority, the way a librarian does, hushing a conversation that's become too loud and boisterous again. Reassert adds the "again" prefix re- to assert, from the Latin asserere, "claim, maintain, or affirm."
WORD FAMILY
reassert: reasserted, reasserting, reassertion, reasserts+/ assert: assertable, asserted, asserter, asserting, assertion, assertive, asserts, reassert /asserted: assertedly/asserter: asserters/asserting: assertingly, self-asserting/ assertion: assertions, self-assertion / assertive: assertively, assertiveness, nonassertive, self-assertive, unassertive/assertiveness: self-assertiveness/reassertion: reassertions/unassertive: unassertively, unassertiveness
USAGE EXAMPLES
In Syria, President Bashar al-Assad is on the verge of reasserting control over much of the country, thanks largely to Mr. Putin’s intervention.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Yet Mr Assad’s ambition to reassert his control over the entire country is unrealistic.
Economist(Dec 13, 2016)
This economic subjugation allowed white Southerners and the white supremacist state to reassert their control over life in the South.
Salon(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: vt. 再断言，重复主张
时态：reasserted, reasserting, reasserts
分布：再断言(47%)，再宣称(30%)，再坚持(23%)
→re-,再，重新，assert,确认。
VERB
重申（地位、权力等）
If you reassert your control or authority, you make it clear that you are still in a position of power, or you strengthen the power that you had.
例：...the government's continuing effort to reassert its control in the region...政府不断努力重申其对该地区的控制权
例：The adults had reasserted their old authority.大人们重申他们旧时的权威。
VERB
（想法、习惯等）再次显现，再次出现
If something such as an idea or habit reasserts itself, it becomes noticeable again.
例：His sense of humour was beginning to reassert itself.他的幽默感开始再次显现。
vt. 重复主张；再断言
 - reaffirm

Word: sage
Front: sage
[seɪdʒ] (宝 8214/11582 -1)
Vocabulary: sage
(once / 393 pages)
1nadj 2nadj
Use the word sage for someone or something wise and judicious. Thanks to the sage advice of your friend, you didn't write your teacher an angry e-mail!
Although you might think of a wizard when you hear the word sage, really it means a wise man. Today you see it used to refer to someone who has insight in a particular field. If someone is a policy sage, he knows just what advice to give politicians to make them understand the issue and respond successfully to it. In a totally unrelated use, there is also a plant called sage that is useful in home remedies and cooking.
WORD FAMILY
sage: sagely, sager, sages, sagest
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was a sage decision in the current hyperpartisan climate.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Sage grouse live in 11 Western states, but their numbers are down significantly because of habitat loss.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
On this date in 1947, Henry Chee Dodge, the first chairman of the Navajo Tribal Council, died at Sage Memorial Hospital at age 86.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 圣人; 智者; 贤人; 鼠尾草（可用作调料）
adj. 贤明的; 明智的
级别：sager, sagest
分布：圣人(49%)，鼠尾草(24%)，明智的(9%)，贤明的(8%)，哲人(8%)，蒿属植物(2%)
→来自古法语 sage,智慧的，博学的，来自 Gallo-Roman*sabius,来自拉丁语 sapere,品尝，品味， 鉴别，来自 sap,品尝，词源同 sap,savant,savor.引申诸相关词义。sage 鼠尾草
贤人,哲人[sog=know,表示"知道"]
adjective literary
■wise, especially as a result of great experience （尤指因经验丰富而）明智的，睿智的
• sage advice 明智的忠告
• my sage old grandfather 我那睿智的老祖父
[seɪdʒ] noun
PLANT 植物
uncountable
■a plant whose greyish green leaves are used as a herb to give flavour to some foods 鼠尾草，洋苏草（其灰绿色的叶子可用作香草调味）
• sage-and-onion stuffing 鼠尾草和洋葱制成的馅
[seɪdʒ] noun
WISE 明智的
countable literary or humorous
■a person, especially an old man, who is wise 智者，贤人（尤指老人）
n. 圣人；贤人；哲人
 - saint, sadu
adj. 明智的；贤明的；审慎的
 - wise, calculating, advisable, sensible

Word: stiffen
Front: stiffen
[ˈstɪfn] (四六托 9758/9112 -1)
Back: vt. & vi. （使）变硬，（使）强硬; 使绷紧; 使猛烈; 使粘稠
时态：stiffened, stiffening, stiffens
分布：使坚定(52%)，变为浓粘(16%)，使强硬(16%)，使 ... 坚硬(16%)
→stiff,硬的，僵硬的，-en,使。
verb
FIRM 僵硬
intransitive
■to become firm or more difficult to bend 变僵硬；变得不易弯曲
• Beat the cream until it begins to stiffen (= become firm). 将鲜奶油搅至稠糊状。
• His body stiffened in fear. 他吓得身体发僵。
['stɪf.ən] verb
LESS RELAXED 拘谨
intransitive
■to become less relaxed and more formal 变生硬，变得拘谨
• She stiffened when her former husband walked into the room. 她的前夫走进房间时，她变得拘谨起来。
['stɪf.ən] verb
MORE SEVERE 更严厉
intransitive or transitive
■to make something stronger or more difficult 加强；（使）变得严厉；（使）变得艰难
• These events have stiffened our resolve to succeed. 这些事件增强了我们争取成功的决心。
• Penalties for selling illegal drugs have been stiffened. 对贩卖毒品的处罚加重了。
• Stiffening competition in the market has led to a reduction in the company's profits this year. 市场日趋激烈的竞争导致公司今年利润下降。
vi. 变硬；变猛烈；变粘
 - harden
vt. 使变硬；使粘稠
 - callus

Word: redemption
Front: redemption
[rɪˈdempʃn] (8244/7881 -1)
Vocabulary: redemption
(once / 869 pages)
1n 2n
Redemption is the buying back of something. You might try for redemption by attempting to buy back a bike you sold, or you might attempt to buy back your soul after you steal someone else’s bike.
Redemption comes from the Latin word redimere, a combination of re(d)-, meaning “back,” and emere, meaning “buy.” Redemption is what some people claim happens to your soul when you're saved from evil forces. You might pray for redemption — to the tooth fairy, to Zeus, or to some other kind of invisible being — in the hopes that an all-powerful being can save your soul. Redemption can also refer to the repayment of a debt.
WORD FAMILY
redemption: redemptional, redemptions+/ deem: deemed, deeming, deems, redeem / irredeemable: irredeemably/ redeem: redeemable, redeemed, redeemer, redeeming, redeems, redemption, redemptive, redemptory/redeemable: irredeemable, unredeemable/redeemed: unredeemed/redeemer: redeemers/ redeeming: redeemingly/ redemptive: redemptively/unredeemable: unredeemably/unredeemed: unredeemedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
There is something irresistible in the possibility of Schmidt’s redemption, even in its broad implausibility.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
The ensuing heavy redemptions hurt performance and the fund’s record was forever tarnished.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
After devoting a year to getting back on top, Rousey is determined to earn her redemption Friday night with her skills, not her words.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 赎回; 偿还; 补救
分布：赎回(47%)，救赎(39%)，赎罪(11%)，补偿(3%)
→来自 redeem,拯救，救赎，-pt,过去分词格，-ion,名词后缀。
赎回,买回(redeem的名词)[em,empt,ampl=take,procure,表示"拿,获得"]
noun
IMPROVE 补救
be beyond/past redemption
■to be too bad to be improved or saved by anyone 无可挽回；无可补救；不可救药
[rɪ'demp.ʃən] noun
RELIGION 宗教
uncountable
■(especially in Christianity) when someone is saved from evil, suffering, etc. （尤指基督教的）拯救，赎罪，救赎
n. 赎回；拯救； [金融] 偿还；实践
 - payment, practice, retrieval, salvation, repayment

Word: tacit
Front: tacit
[ˈtæsɪt] (托雅宝 13641/11774 -1)
Vocabulary: tacit
(once / 1418 pages)
adj
Something tacit is implied or understood without question. Holding hands might be a tacit acknowledgment that a boy and girl are dating.
The adjective tacit refers to information that is understood without needing to acknowledge it. For example, since we know that the sky is blue, that kind of assumption is tacit. Lawyers talk about "tacit agreements," where parties give their silent consent and raise no objections.
WORD FAMILY
tacit: tacitly
USAGE EXAMPLES
But the fact that they describe a teetering world of rigid class boundaries and vanishing deference is often mistaken for a tacit endorsement.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
And although it’s overseen by the Kremlin, it’s also a tacit symbol of defiance to President Vladimir Putin’s authoritarian rule.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Mr. Evans regards the term as a tacit enforcement of Eurocentric bias.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 缄默的; 心照不宣的; <律>由法律的效力而产生的
分布：心照不宣的(51%)，缄默的(32%)，默示的(17%)
→来自拉丁语 tacere,安静，来自 tak,使安静，词源同 tacet.引申词义默许的等。
【记】tact（n 老练）的中间有I（爱）：情场老手相爱是心照不宣的。
【反】explicit（adj 外在的；直率的）；expressly stated（明确的表达）；directly expressed（直接陈述）；stipulation（n 约定）－tacit requirement（含蓄要求）
adjective
■understood without being expressed directly 默示的；不明言的
• tacit agreement/approval/support 默契／默许／暗中支持
adj. 缄默的；不言而喻的
 - reserved, self-evident

Word: unsafe
Front: unsafe
[ʌnˈseɪf] (高 9139/9721 -1)
Back: adj. 不安全的; 危险的; 不安稳的
分布：不安全的(83%)，危险的(15%)，靠不住的(2%)
adjective
IN DANGER 处于危险中
■not safe 不安全的，危险的
[ʌn'seɪf] adjective
LAW 法律 UK legal
■describes a decision that someone is guilty which can be appealed against (= considered again) in court （法庭判决）可上诉的
• an unsafe conviction/verdict 可上诉的定罪／判决
adj. [安全] 不安全的；危险的；不安稳的
 - dangerous, critical, risky

Word: stockbroker
Front: stockbroker
[ˈstɒkbrəʊkə(r)] (15448/10246)
Vocabulary: stockbroker
(once / 5837 pages)
n
A stockbroker is someone who buys, sells, and trades stocks — or shares in companies — for a living. Most stockbrokers work for brokerage firms.
People who have money to invest often buy stocks, which is like buying a small portion of a company, and then sell them when they've increased in value. Someone whose job involves buying and selling stocks for clients is a stockbroker. It's more common these days to use the terms "broker" or "financial adviser," but stockbroker has been around since the 1700's, from the sense of a broker as "someone who buys and sells."
WORD FAMILY
stockbroker: stockbrokers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Twenty years ago, a Securities and Exchange Commission task force on compensation recognized that the stockbroker commission structure creates far too many conflicts of interest.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Batteries are by far the most expensive component in electric cars, costing roughly $7,500 a piece, estimates stockbroker Liberum.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 19, 2016)
The man was a stockbroker called Bob Bridges, and after the two got talking, Mr Gardner expressed an interest in joining the industry.
BBC(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: n. [金融] 股票经纪人
分布：股票经纪人(100%)
→stock,证券，股票，broker,经纪人。
US ['stɑ:kˌbroʊ.kɚ] noun countable
■a person or company that buys and sells stocks and shares for other people 股票（或证券）经纪人；股票（或证券）经纪公司
n. [金融] 股票经纪人
 - brokedealer, sharebroker

Word: bulldozer
Front: bulldozer
[ˈbʊldəʊzə(r)] (11192/14948 -1)
Vocabulary: bulldozer
(once / 9156 pages)
n
A bulldozer is a large truck with a wide blade that can dig and push dirt and debris. You'll often see a bulldozer among the vehicles on a construction site.
Although many people have a tendency to call any giant truck a bulldozer, it's actually a specific kind of tractor with a blade called a "dozer blade" at the front and a big claw, or "ripper" at the back. A bulldozer can run over any rubble or trash and clear it away — this ability led to the slang meaning of the word, "powerful, intimidating person."
WORD FAMILY
bulldozer: bulldozers+/bulldoze: bulldozed, bulldozer, bulldozes, bulldozing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Haimi walked past giant, rusting bulldozers, past an office that contained the remnants of an American munition that hit the plant.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
I’ll need tiny miner’s helmet for light and a minuscule bulldozer.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
The outpost was the site of a violent confrontation 10 years ago when the government sent bulldozers to demolish several homes.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 推土机; 恐吓者，威胁者
分布：推土机(96%)，欺凌者(4%)
US [-ˌdoʊ.zɚ] noun countable
■a heavy vehicle with a large blade in front, used for pushing earth and stones along and for making areas of ground flat at the same time 推土机
n. [机] 推土机；欺凌者，威吓者
 - pushdozer, dozer

Word: victorious
Front: victorious
[vɪkˈtɔ:riəs] (四六托 11574/11407 -1)
Vocabulary: victorious
(once / 520 pages)
adj
When you're victorious, you've won something. A victorious team is triumphant.
Every year, one team in the Super Bowl is victorious, the winner. A victorious team or person has achieved victory, won the game, and defeated the other side. People can be victorious by winning elections, contests, games, and just about anything competitive. People who overcome diseases such as alcoholism are victorious, as are countries that win wars.
WORD FAMILY
victorious: victoriously+/ victory: victories, victorious
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Spartans entered the game victorious in nine of its last 11 outings.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Children flash the “V’ for victory signs to soldiers and yell “Mansoureen,” or “may you be victorious,” as they drive by in their Humvees.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
“Was he victorious? No,” Mr. Walton said, referring to Mr. Brezenoff.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 胜利的; 得胜的; 凯
分布：胜利的(73%)，得胜的(27%)
US [-'tɔ:r.i-] adjective
■having won a game, competition, election, war, etc. 胜利，获胜；成功
• The victorious team were loudly cheered by their fans. 获胜队赢得了球迷们的高声欢呼。
• The German player emerged victorious after a long five-hour match. 经过长达五小时的比赛，德国选手最终胜出。
adj. 胜利的；凯旋的
 - winning, triumphal

Word: wafer
Front: wafer
[ˈweɪfə(r)] (13583/20389 -1)
Back: n. 圆片，晶片; 薄脆饼; [电]薄片; [宗]圣饼
vt. 用胶纸封
分布：晶片(82%)，圆片(11%)，封缄(3%)，切成薄片(2%)，薄脆饼(2%)
→来自waffle,华夫饼，用于指一种轻饼干。
US [-fɚ] noun countable
■a very thin dry biscuit which is often sweet 薄酥饼；威化饼干
specialized
■a very thin round piece of dry bread which the priest gives to people to eat during Holy Communion （基督教徒在圣餐仪式上食用的）圣饼
n. 圆片，晶片； [电子] 薄片，干胶片；薄饼；圣饼
 - Host, slice

Word: allay
Front: allay
[əˈleɪ] (宝 17138/14151 -1)
Vocabulary: allay
(once / 1403 pages)
v
The verb allay is used when you want to make something better or eliminate fears and concerns.
When you allay something, you are calming it or reducing difficulties. It is used commonly in the context of to allay concerns and to comfort and some of its many synonyms are alleviate, decrease, mitigate, assuage and mollify. Allay comes from the Old English word alecgan, which means "to put down," as in literally "to lighten." So, if you can allay someone's fears, you are lightening their mood!
WORD FAMILY
allay: allayed, allayer, allaying, allays
USAGE EXAMPLES
I need that to allay my anxiety, as I continue to fight my case in the courts, trying to find my way back home.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
The incident will do little to allay fears that the Osprey is accident prone.
The Guardian(Dec 14, 2016)
Only monitoring by the United Nations or other external bodies would allay the suspicion that widespread crimes may be underway, Mr. Colville said.
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: vt. 减轻，缓和; 使冷静，使平静; 止渴; 消痛
时态：allayed, allaying, allays
分布：减轻(96%)，使 ... 缓和(4%)
→古英语前缀a-, 放下，离开，来自PIE *uz, 词源同out ，此处受前缀al- 影响俗化. 单词lay,放置。
【记】1）读：爱累，所以需要减轻痛苦2）我lay（躺），可以前情减轻痛苦。
【区】alley（n 胡同）中间的e曲里拐弯的，象胡同。
【反】increase the intensity of（加强）；excite（vt 刺激；使兴奋）；aggravate（vt 使恶化；加重）；intensify（vt 强化）；arouse（vt 唤醒；鼓励）；foment（vt 煽动）
formal
verb transitive
■If you allay a strong emotion felt by someone, such as fear or worry, you cause them to feel it less or to feel calm again 减轻，缓解（担忧、恐惧等）
• The government is trying to allay public fears/concern about the spread of the disease. 政府正努力消除公众对疾病蔓延的恐惧／担心。
vt. 减轻；使缓和；使平静
 - comfort, calm, moderate, compose

Word: fifty
Front: fifty
[ˈfɪfti] (中高 3038/1041 -5)
Back: n. 五十个人; 五十岁; 五十年代; 编号为五十的东西
num. 五十; 五十个
adj. 五十的; 五十个的; 许多的
分布：五十(100%)
num.五十,五十个He earns fifty yuan a day.他每天赚五十元.
number
 ESSENTIAL
■the number 50 （数字）50
• forty, fifty, sixty 40，50，60
• "How fast were they driving?" "They were doing fifty (miles an hour)." “他们当时的车速有多快？”“他们的时速达到了50英里。”
adj. 五十的；五十个的；众多的
 - legion

Word: curry
Front: curry
[ˈkʌri] (8658/10262 -1)
Vocabulary: curry
(once / 1461 pages)
1nv 2v 3v
Curry is a South Asian-style dish of vegetables or meat in a very flavorful, spicy sauce. You can try many types of curry in an Indian restaurant.
There are different curries from different parts of Asia — a Thai curry, for example, might consist of shrimp and vegetables in a rich yellow sauce. When curry is a verb, it can mean "make curry," but it's more commonly "groom a horse." A curry comb, in fact, is specially made for this purpose. This curry comes from the Anglo-French curreier, "to comb a horse," while the dish has a Tamil root, kari, "sauce."
WORD FAMILY
curry: curried, currier, curries, currying+/currier: curriers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Warriors said the shoes Curry wore against the New York Knicks on Dec. 15 were auctioned off to an anonymous bidder for $30,101.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Curry in this one, with Stephen guarding brother Seth and vice versa for short stints.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
She then mixes it with coconut milk, tops it off with ginger beer and garnishes it with fresh curry leaves.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 咖喱食品; 梳刷（马匹）
vt. 在…中加咖喱; 用马栉梳（马毛等）
时态：curried, currying, curries
分布：咖哩粉(45%)，咖哩饭菜(20%)，制革(15%)，用咖哩粉调味(10%)，用马栉梳(10%)
→1. 咖喱，来自南印度语，也叫做masala. 如masala chicken, masala mutton.
US ['kɝ:-] noun countable or uncountable
 ADVANCED
■a dish, originally from South Asia, consisting of meat or vegetables cooked in a spicy sauce （源自印度的）咖喱食品，咖喱菜肴
• a hot (= very spicy) curry 辛辣的咖喱菜
• a mild (= slightly spicy) curry 微辣的咖喱菜肴
• vegetable/chicken/lamb curry 咖喱蔬菜／鸡／羊肉
• curry sauce 咖喱汁
UK ['kʌr.i] US ['kɝ:-] verb
GET 获得
curry favour disapproving
■to praise someone, especially someone in authority, in a way that is not sincere, in order to get some advantage for yourself （尤指对当权者）讨好，奉承，拍马屁
• He's always trying to curry favour with the boss. 他总是想方设法拍老板马屁。
UK ['kʌr.i] US ['kɝ:-] verb
FOOD 食品
transitive
■to make a curry with something 用咖喱烹调
• Let's curry the leftover meat. 我们把剩下的肉做成咖喱肉吧。
UK ['kʌr.i] US ['kɝ:-] verb
CLEAN 清洗
transitive specialized
■to clean and brush a horse with a special comb （用马梳）梳刷，梳洗（马匹）
n. 咖哩粉， [食品] 咖喱；咖哩饭菜；梳刷；鞭打
 - flogging, fladge

Word: centrepiece
Front: centrepiece
[ˈsentəpi:s] (-/13948 -1)
Back: n. 置于桌子中央的装饰品（尤指鲜花）; （整体中）最引人注目的部分
分布：中心装饰品(100%)
US [-tˌɚ-] noun countable
IMPORTANT PART 重要部分
■the most important or attractive part or feature of something 最重要的部分；最吸引人的部分
• The reduction of crime levels is the centrepiece of the president's domestic policies. 降低犯罪率是总统国内政策的重中之重。
• The centrepiece of the shopping centre is a giant fountain. 购物中心的中心装饰是一座巨大的喷泉。
UK (ALSO US centerpiece) UK ['sen.tə.pi:s] US [-tˌɚ-] noun countable
DECORATION 装饰
■a decorative object put in the centre of a table, especially for a formal meal （尤指正式宴会摆放在餐桌上的）中央装饰品

Word: canvas
Front: canvas
[ˈkænvəs] (研四六托雅宝 3732/4541 -2)
Vocabulary: canvas
(once / 309 pages)
1nv 2v
Canvas is a heavy, coarse fabric artists paint on. It's also used to make sails, shoes, tents, or comfy director's chairs. It's a full-service fabric!
The noun canvas comes from the Latin cannabis by way of the Greek kannabis, meaning “hemp," which it was originally made of. It usually refers to the canvas we paint on, but you could carry a canvas bag while wearing canvas Converse high-tops. Henry David Thoreau, the poet and philosopher, said, “The world is but a canvas to our imaginations.” Don't confuse it with canvass, with the extra "s" — that's when people try to chat to get your vote.
WORD FAMILY
canvas: canvased, canvases, canvasing, canvasser, canvassing+/canvasser: canvassers/canvassing: canvassings
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It’s a plain vanilla blank canvas,” she said.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
By July, the unit was at Camp Borden, an open plain 65 miles north of Toronto where 50,000 men were living under canvas.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
On a recent afternoon, artists piled canvases into their cars.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 帆布; 油画（布）
vt. 用帆布覆盖
adj. 帆布制的
时态：canvassed, canvassing, canvases
分布：帆布(77%)，油画(23%)
→来自拉丁词cannabis, 大麻。指用大麻纤维织的布。
n.帆布;帆布画布,(帆布)油画Having canceled X-ray scan, the cancerous candidate on the canvas ate the idle candles in the candy can.取消X线扫描后,帆布上的癌症候选人吃了糖果罐里的闲置蜡烛.
noun
uncountable
■strong, rough cloth used for making tents, sails, bags, strong clothes, etc. 帆布
countable
■a piece of this cloth used by artists for painting on, usually with oil paints, or the painting itself 油画布；油画
• These two canvases by Hockney would sell for £500 000. 这两幅霍克尼的油画能卖到50万英镑。
under canvas
■in a tent 在帐篷里
• I love sleeping under canvas. 我喜欢睡帐篷。
n. [纺] 帆布
 - sailcloth

Word: lunar
Front: lunar
[ˈlu:nə(r)] (研四六托雅宝 6871/12849 -1)
Vocabulary: lunar
(once / 1588 pages)
adj
The adjective lunar is used to describe something that is related to the moon. If you like astronomy, you probably enjoy lunar eclipses, when the Earth casts its shadow on the moon.
Lunar comes from the Latin word luna, meaning moon. The Roman goddess of the moon is called Luna (Selene in Greek mythology). There are lunar eclipses, a lunar calendar, lunar tides, and lunar orbits. Maybe you want to be the first live-in chef on a lunar space station. You can also hear lunar in the word lunatic — they used to think insanity was related to the cycles of the moon.
WORD FAMILY
lunar: semilunar, sublunar
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Lunar New Year is observed across East Asia, as well as by the Chinese diaspora worldwide.
Time(Dec 29, 2016)
The paper says the Chang’e-4 lunar probe will help shed light on the formation and evolution of the moon.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
China is five weeks away from Lunar New Year celebrations, the key time for setting off fireworks in the country.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 月的，月球的; 阴历的; （光）苍白的，微弱的; 银的，含银的
分布：月亮的(52%)，阴历的(34%)，银的(14%)
→来自拉丁文luna,月亮，词源同lumen,light.
月亮的[lun=moon,表示"月亮"]
a.月亮的We use the lunar calendar.我们采用阴历.
US [-nɚ] adjective
■of or relating to the moon 月亮的，月球的
• the lunar surface 月球的表面
adj. 月亮的，月球的；阴历的；银的；微亮的
 - silver, argentic

Word: mortal
Front: mortal
[ˈmɔ:tl] (研四六托雅 9517/9725 -2)
Vocabulary: mortal
(once / 82 pages)
adjn
You are a mortal because you are mortal. This means that you are an individual destined to die because you are susceptible to death.
The word mortal has one of the most ancient genealogies of any word in English or any other language. It is related to English words like "murder" and "mortuary," and to the French, Italian, Spanish, and Russian words for "death." Something that can kill you can also be described as mortal. If you're in mortal danger, you're in a deadly situation. Action heroes often think they are dealing their enemy a mortal blow, but sometimes the enemy manages to come back to life. People are called mortals because at some point, they die.
WORD FAMILY
mortal: immortal, mortality, mortally, mortals, postmortal+/ immortal: immortalise, immortality, immortalize, immortally, immortals/immortalise: immortalised, immortalises, immortalising/ immortality: immortalities/ immortalize: immortalized, immortalizes, immortalizing/ mortality: mortalities
USAGE EXAMPLES
For every hit like “Mortal Combat” or “Lara Croft: Tomb Raider,” there are a slew of duds such as “Warcraft” and “Prince of Persia.”
Time(Jan 01, 2017)
For every hit like "Mortal Combat" or "Lara Croft: Tomb Raider," there are a slew of duds such as "Warcraft" and "Prince of Persia."
Reuters(Jan 01, 2017)
The majority of the issues that shuffled off their mortal coil were some combination of uninspired, unloved, unlucky and unfortunate, and deserved their fate.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 致命的; 不共戴天的; 终有一死的; 极度的
n. 凡人，人类
分布：凡人(47%)，致命的(30%)，不共戴天的(11%)，极度的(6%)，终有一死的(6%)
→来自拉丁语mors,死亡，词源同murder,morbid.引申词义死亡的，终有一死的，后该词用于指凡人。比较immortal.
死的,致命的(mort+al)[mort=death,表示"死"]
a.致命的;终有一死的;人世间的n.凡人All creatures are mortal.一切生物终有死.
US ['mɔ:r.tˌəl] adjective literary
■(of living things, especially people) unable to continue living forever; having to die （尤指人）终有一死的
• For all men are mortal. 人终有一死。
Compare immortal causing death 致死的，致命的
• a mortal injury/illness 致命伤／致命的疾病
• men engaged in mortal combat (= fighting until one of them dies) 进行殊死争斗的男人
• figurative New computing technology dealt a mortal blow to the power of the old printing unions. 新的电脑技术向传统印刷联合会的权威送上致命一击。
Compare lethal
mortal dread/fear/terror
■extreme anxiety about or fear of someone or something 非常担心；极度恐惧
• We live in mortal dread of further attacks. 我们生活在极度恐惧中，担心会再受袭击。
mortal enemy/danger/threat, etc.
■a very serious and dangerous enemy/danger/threat, etc. 死敌／致命的危险／严重的威胁
UK ['mɔ:.təl] US ['mɔ:r.tˌəl] noun countable mainly humorous
■an ordinary person, rather than a god or a special, important or powerful person 凡人，普通人
• The police officers guarding the door let in the celebrities, but they prevented us lesser/mere mortals from going inside. 把守大门的警官让那些名人进去，却不让我们这些普通人内进。
mortal, fatal, lethal, deadly
这组词都有“致命的”的意思，其区别是：
mortal: 语气强，指导致死亡的直接原因。
fatal: 正式用词，强调死亡的不可避免性，多用于指伤或疾病等。
lethal: 指由于某物本身具有致命的性能。
deadly: 指能致命或实际已致命的事物，也可指企图致死他人的人。
adj. 凡人的； [医] 致死的；终有一死的；不共戴天的
 - kill, laical
n. 人类，凡人
 - mankind, humanity, people

Word: pathway
Front: pathway
[ˈpɑ:θweɪ] (托 6559/6561 -1)
Vocabulary: pathway
(once / 995 pages)
n
A pathway is a trail or other walkway. Hikers often follow a well-worn pathway as they walk through the woods.
Use the noun pathway to mean a walk, path, or trail — any marked way that's meant or used for walking. The pathway you follow on your way to school might lead you over a stream and through a field, or it might meander down a narrow city alley. Pathway is essentially a longer, redundant way to say "path," and in fact it comes from path and its Old English root pæþ, "path or track," which has a Germanic origin.
WORD FAMILY
pathway: pathways
USAGE EXAMPLES
This is partly because it stimulates multiple biochemical pathways, which may account for its wide range of effects.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Cancer often evades detection inside the body by disguising itself with pathways called “immune checkpoints.”
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
Two career and technical education pathways were launched this fall, with plans to add three more next year.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 路，道; 途径，路径
分布：径(56%)，路(44%)
US ['pæθ-] noun countable slightly formal
■a track which a person can walk along 小路，小径，道路
• New pedestrian pathways are being built alongside the road. 马路旁正在修建新的人行道。
■a path (= set of actions that you take in life) 途径，行动步骤，道路
• Working your way up through a company is a difficult pathway. 在公司里一步步努力往上爬是条艰辛的道路。
slightly formal
■a set of connected chemical reactions in biology （生物学中的）一连串化学反应
n. 路，道；途径，路径
 - mechanism, tao, approach, pass, routes

Word: perpetuate
Front: perpetuate
[pəˈpetʃueɪt] (托宝 7642/9734 -1)
Vocabulary: perpetuate
(once / 1073 pages)
v
Some things should last forever and others should not be perpetuated at all. Things that should NOT be perpetuated? Ugly rumors, arms races, and your Aunt Martha's annual fruit cake.
Be careful not to confuse perpetuate with perpetrate. Although they differ in spelling by only one letter, they differ greatly in meaning. If you perpetuate something, you help it last. Perpetrate, on the other hand, means to commit a criminal act. Needless to say, you wouldn't want to perpetuate the acts of perpetrators!
WORD FAMILY
perpetuate: perpetuated, perpetuates, perpetuating, perpetuation +/ perpetuation: perpetuations
USAGE EXAMPLES
“But that will perpetuate your dependence on me,” he responded, offering to meet with the local loan officer instead.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
A man who routinely perpetuates false racist claims of ongoing waves of crime will soon be inaugurated as president of the United States.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Let me also emphasize this is not about offering limited economic measures that perpetuate the status quo.
Time(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 使永存; 使不朽，使不灭; 保持
adj. 长存的
时态：perpetuated, perpetuating, perpetuates
分布：使永存(50%)，使不朽(50%)
→per-,完全的，-pet,寻求，追寻，词源同compete,petition.引申词义持续，坚持。
使永久,不朽(per全部,永久+pet+uate→追求永久)[pet=seek,表示"追寻,寻求"]
【记】per全部，pet追求，uate－永远追求－永垂不朽
【反】debunk（v 揭穿）－perpetuate to sham（永远的伪装）
US [pɚ'petʃ-] formal
verb transitive
■to cause something to continue 使持续；使长存，使永恒
• Increasing the supply of weapons will only perpetuate the violence and anarchy. 增加武器供应只会使暴力和混乱持续下去。
• The aim of the association is to perpetuate the skills of traditional furniture design. 该协会致力于促进传统家俱设计工艺的传承延续。
vt. 使不朽；保持
 - retain, keep up

Word: relevance
Front: relevance
['reləvəns] (托宝 6543/4018)
Vocabulary: relevance
(once / 7933 pages)
n
To know the relevance of something is to know why it matters or how it is important. I don't understand the relevance of this discussion: it doesn't seem important to me.
If you don't understand the relevance of the word "relevant" to the discussion of the meaning of the word relevance, we're gonna have some trouble. When something is "relevant," it matters. Its relevance is clear. Relevance is simply the noun form of the adjective "relevant," which means "important to the matter at hand." Artists and politicians are always worried about their relevance. If they are no longer relevant, they may not keep their job. Someone without relevance might be called "irrelevant."
WORD FAMILY
relevant: irrelevant, relevance, relevancy, relevantly+/ irrelevance: irrelevances/irrelevancy: irrelevancies/ irrelevant: irrelevance, irrelevancy, irrelevantly/relevancy: relevancies
USAGE EXAMPLES
But after resounding defeat in elections early this year, the KMT struggles for relevance on an island that is proud of its separateness from China.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
The film gathers moving eyewitness accounts of the work’s relevance to modern-day struggles around the globe.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Hamilton’s letters from 216 winters ago, which I re-read this week, provide much relevance to this moment, as our 45th president assumes office.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 相关性，关联; 实用性; [计]资料检索能力
分布：关联(61%)，相关性(36%)，中肯(3%)
['rel.ə.vənts] (also relevancy)
noun uncountable
 ADVANCED
■the degree to which something is related or useful to what is happening or being talked about 相关性；实用性；意义
• What relevance does that point have to the discussion? 那一点和我们正在讨论的议题有甚么相关性吗？
Opposite irrelevance
n. 关联；适当；中肯
 - relationship, correlation, fitness, associations

Word: sickness
Front: sickness
[ˈsɪknəs] (高四六托雅 7417/4951 -2)
Back: n. 疾病; 恶心; 呕吐; 弊病
分布：疾病(84%)，呕吐(16%)
→sick,生病的，-ness,名词后缀。
noun uncountable
ILL 有病的
 ADVANCED
■the condition of being ill 患病
• There's a lot of sickness around this winter. 今年冬天患病的人很多。
['sɪk.nəs] noun uncountable
VOMIT 呕吐
■vomiting 恶心，呕吐
• Drinking unclean water can cause diarrhoea and sickness. 饮用不洁净的水会导致腹泻和呕吐。
illness, sickness, disease, complaint
这组词都有“疾病”的意思，其区别是：
illness: 不具体指，而是泛指一切疾病，强调生病的时间或状语，语体较sickness正式一些。
sickness: 较口语化，可与illness换用，但还可表示“恶心”。
disease: 指具体的疾病，且通常较严重，发病时间也较长。
complaint: 现代英语中，既可指症状，也可指疾病。
n. [医] 疾病；呕吐；弊病
 - complaint, ailments

Word: ain
Front: ain
[ein] (-/32607)
Back: adj. <英方>自己的

Word: apt
Front: apt
[æpt] (研六托雅宝 6999/7584 -2)
Vocabulary: apt
(once / 215 pages)
adj
Something apt is perfectly appropriate, clever and well-suited to the matter at hand. A "Cinderella story" might be an apt metaphor for an underdog team that makes it to the championships.
The wee cousin of aptitude, apt has the same root meaning of strength and ideal appropriateness. It can also be used in the form "to be apt to" meaning "to be likely to" do something: "With his dark, brooding persona, actor Christian Bale is an apt Batman, and audiences are apt to come to the theatres in droves to see him fight villains."
WORD FAMILY
apt: apter, aptest, aptly, aptness, inapt+/aptness: aptnesses/inapt: inaptly, inaptness
USAGE EXAMPLES
But the most apt description might be this: a winner.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Now, “We’re still so young and we hope for more / But remember this / We’re not invincible,” was oddly, horribly apt.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Data collected in Virginia, Ohio, Minnesota and Colorado suggests the poor are more apt to encounter failing machines.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 恰当的，适当的; 有…倾向的; 易于…的; 聪明的，灵巧的
abbr. (=automatically programmed tool)自动数控程序; (=automatic picture transmission)（人造卫星）自动图像传输; (=advanced passenger train)先进型旅客特快列车; (=automative professional training)汽车专业训练
级别：apter, aptest
分布：恰当的(57%)，聪明的(30%)，才能(9%)，易于 ... 的(4%)
→词根ap, 连接, 词源同couple. -t，过去分词。指匹配的，适应的。
有倾向的,适当的[opt,ept=fit,ability,表示"适应,能力"]
a.恰当的,适当的;易于...的,有...倾向的The captive captivated by the apt adaptation rapped the cavity with rapture.被灵巧的改编迷住了的被捕者着迷地敲打空腔.
【反】extremely inappropriate（十分不合适的）；unlikely（adj 不太可能的，靠不住的）；aptness（n 倾向；适合性）－unsuitability（n 不相称；不适合）
adjective
SUITABLE 适当的
■suitable or right for a particular situation 适当的，恰当的；合适的
• an apt comment/description 中肯的评论／贴切的描述
[æpt] adjective
LIKELY 很可能的
be apt to do sth /be apt to be sth
■to be likely to do something or to often do something 易于做…的；常做…的
• The kitchen roof is apt to (= likely to) leak when it rains. 一下雨厨房屋顶就容易漏水。
• She's in her eighties now and apt to be a bit forgetful. 她已经80多岁了，有些健忘。
[æpt] adjective
CLEVER 聪明的 formal
■having a natural ability or skill; clever 天资聪明的，有天赋的；聪明的
• We have some particularly apt students in the class this year. 这学年班里有几个特别聪明的学生。
apt, opt
这是一对形近易混词。
apt: a.易于……的，(后接to)；恰当的，贴切的。
 • She is apt to make mistakes if you pressure her too much.   如果你给她施加的压力过大，她就很容易出错。
opt: v.选择，抉择，后接for。
 • She opted for a winter vacation, instead of one in summer.   她选择了在冬天休假而不是夏天。
fit, appropriate, suitable, apt, proper, fitting
这组词都有“适当的”的意思，其区别是：
fit: 指具有适合于某个目的，某种工作或某种用途等必需的品质或条件。
appropriate: 指专门适合于某人或某事，语气较重，强调“恰如其分”。
suitable: 指具有适合于某种特定场合、地位或情况等的品质。
apt: 专指性质或构造适合达到某一目的或得到某种结果的要求。
proper: 往往侧重于符合某个标准或习惯。
fitting: 指与当时的目标、情绪状态、气氛、场合等相适应。
apt, subject, liable, likely, prone
这组词都有“倾向于……的；易于……的”的意思，其区别是：
apt: 口语中常用，指自然的或习惯的倾向，无特殊的褒贬意味，常指在一般情况下发生的事。
subject: 指确实可以察觉的倾向，也就是总结出来的规律。
liable: 指易于产生某种不利的结果，侧重偶然性，常表示警告或提醒。
likely: 侧重可能性，用于指将来，预言希望或所不希望的结果。
prone: 多用于人，着重其本性，或倾向于某种错误、弱点或不良行为等。
adj. 恰当的；有…倾向的；灵敏的
 - sensitive, correct, quick, prone, liable

Word: uphill
Front: uphill
[ˌʌpˈhɪl] (11926/14395 -1)
Back: adj. 上坡的，向上的; 费力的，辛苦的，艰难的; 位于高处的
adv. 上山地，上坡地; 艰难地
n. 登高，上坡
分布：上坡(57%)，上坡的(19%)，向上的(9%)，费力的(6%)，向上地(6%)，上坡地(3%)
adjective adverb
■leading to a higher place on a slope 上坡（的）；向山上（的）；朝上坡方向（的）
• an uphill climb 向上的攀爬
• running uphill 往山上跑
Compare downhill needing a large amount of effort 费力的，艰难的
• It'll be an uphill struggle/battle/fight to get the new proposals accepted. 要让新的提案获得通过会很困难。
Compare downhill
adj. [交] 上坡的，向上的
 - upgrade, upward, up
adv. 向上地； [交] 往上坡
 - upwardly, airward
n. 上升；登高
 - rise, upgrade, raise, ascension

Word: beggar
Front: beggar
[ˈbegə(r)] (四六 11674/9846 -1)
Vocabulary: beggar
(once / 322 pages)
1nv 2v
A beggar is a poor person who asks others, or begs, for money or food. Another word for a beggar is a "panhandler," although both terms are vaguely offensive. No one wants to be a beggar.
Many people who are beggars are also homeless and haven't been able to find jobs. Sometimes people use the word in an informal, pitying way: "Poor little beggar, he works so hard!" Another informal term is "to beggar belief," as when something is so incredible that you find it hard to believe. Another expression is “beggars can’t be choosers” which means you get what you get and you don’t get upset.
WORD FAMILY
beggar: beggared, beggaring, beggarly, beggars
USAGE EXAMPLES
In December, beggars hawk Santa hats and felt reindeer antlers.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Harvey’s vision of our streets is that of a war-town world full of beggars and the forgotten.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Chief executive David Fakes said punishing Flynn for selling phenytoin capsules for less than phenytoin tablets "beggars belief".
Reuters(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 乞丐; 家伙
vt. 使贫困; 使无用
时态：beggared, beggaring, beggars
分布：乞丐(91%)，穷人(4%)，使贫穷(3%)，使不能(1%)，使不足(1%)
乞丐(beg乞求)[-ar 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人,物"]
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■a poor person who lives by asking others for money or food 乞丐，叫花子
■UK informal
■a person, especially when you are expressing an opinion about something that they have done, or that has happened to them 家伙
• You've won again, you lucky beggar. 你又赢了，你这个幸运的家伙！
• Those children have been running about in my rose garden again, the little beggars (= annoying people) ! 那些孩子又在我的玫瑰园里到处乱跑，真是些淘气的小家伙！
UK ['beg.ər] US [-ɚ] noun countable
Beggars can't be choosers. saying
■said when you recognize that you must accept an offer or a situation because it is the only one available to you 要饭的哪能挑肥拣瘦；别无选择
• I would have preferred a house of my own rather than sharing, but beggars can't be choosers, I suppose. 我较喜欢独住一屋而不是跟别人住在一起，可是我想我不该挑三拣四的，是吧。
UK ['beg.ər] US [-ɚ] verb transitive literary
■to make a person or organisation, etc. extremely poor 使（人或组织等）极度贫穷
UK ['beg.ər] US [-ɚ] verb transitive
beggar belief/description
■to be impossible to believe or describe 非言语所能形容，难以置信
• His cruelty beggared belief/description. 他凶残至极，简直令人难以置信／形容。
n. 乞丐；穷人；家伙
 - apple, customer, egg, fellow, guy
vt. 使贫穷；使沦为乞丐
 - impoverish, pauperize

Word: irregular
Front: irregular
[ɪˈregjələ(r)] (四六托雅 8410/7020 -2)
Vocabulary: irregular
(once / 299 pages)
1adjn 2adj 3nadj
Irregular describes something that's unpredictable or uneven. If your dog has irregular spots, it means that she has random splotches of color scattered across her fur.
Anything that doesn't have a pattern or schedule is irregular, like the irregular hours of a store that's only open when the owner feels like it. In grammar, an irregular part of speech is one that doesn't stick to the usual rules. Irregular can also describe something doesn't meet standards, like irregular clothing that's sold at a discount. Irregular originally meant "not in conformity with Church rules."
WORD FAMILY
irregular: irregularity, irregularly, irregulars+/irregularity: irregularities/ regular: irregular, regularise, regularity, regularize, regularly, regulars/regularise: regularisation, regularised, regularising/ regularity: regularities, unregularity/regularize: regularization, regularized, regularizes, regularizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The teenager’s grades dropped, his friends changed and he began keeping irregular hours.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Rustaqi was a vocal critic of the government’s arming of irregular militias.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Outside experts, including Ansari, told me that for the dam to move that much was highly irregular.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 不规则的，不对称的; 无规律的; 不合规范的，不合法的; 不规则变化的
n. 非正规军军人; 不规则物; 不合规格的产品
分布：不规则的(81%)，不合法的(8%)，不整齐的(7%)，非正规军(2%)，不合格品(1%)，不合规矩的(1%)
→ir-,不，非，regular,规则的。
不规则的(ir+regular规则的)[il-,ir-①放在同辅音词根前表示"不,无"②表示"使…成为,进入"]
US [-lɚ] adjective
RULE 规则
 ADVANCED formal
■(of behaviour or actions) not according to usual rules or what is expected （行为）不合常规的，不正常的
• Releasing the goods without an invoice is most irregular. 没有发货清单就发货是最不符合规范的。
 ADVANCED formal
■In grammar, an irregular verb, noun, adjective, etc. does not obey the usual rules for words in the language. （动词、名词、形容词等）不规则变化的
UK [ɪ'reg.jə.lər] US [-lɚ] adjective
SHAPE 形状
■not regular in shape or form; having parts of different shapes or sizes 不规则的；不整齐的
• an irregular coastline 弯弯曲曲的海岸线
• irregular teeth 不整齐的牙齿
UK [ɪ'reg.jə.lər] US [-lɚ] adjective
TIME/SPACE 时间／空间
■not happening at regular times or not with regular spaces in between 不定期的；无规律的
• an irregular heartbeat 心律不整
• They met at irregular intervals. 他们不定期会面。
■US informal
■not emptying your bowels as often as you would usually 便秘的
UK [ɪ'reg.jə.lər] US [-lɚ] adjective
SOLDIER 士兵
■(of a soldier) fighting for a country but not as a member of its official army 非正规军的
UK [ɪ'reg.jə.lər] US [-lɚ] noun countable
■a soldier who is not a member of the official army of a country 非正规军人
casual, informal, irregular
这组词都有“非正式的、非正规的”的意思，其区别是：
casual: 指不太注意场合，仪表等，随意性强。
informal: 指语言、穿着等随便，也指不举行任何形式或仪式的活动。
irregular: 指不按常规、固定模式或计划做事；或指不隶属于任何机构或组织。
adj. [语] 不规则的；无规律的； [数] 非正规的；不合法的
 - abnormal, orrow

Word: meaningless
Front: meaningless
[ˈmi:nɪŋləs] (7995/6897 -1)
Back: adj. 无意义的，无价值的; “meaning”的派生; 无谓
分布：无意义的(96%)，不重要的(2%)，晦涩的(2%)
→meaning,意义，-less,无，没有。
adjective
NO MEANING 无意义的
■having no meaning 无意义的
• a meaningless phrase 无意义的短语
['mi:.nɪŋ.ləs] adjective
NOT IMPORTANT 不重要的
■having no importance or value 无意义的，无价值的
• a meaningless gesture 毫无意义的手势
adj. 无意义的；无目的的
 - empty, purportless

Word: receiver
Front: receiver
[rɪˈsi:və(r)] (高四六托 3401/3543 -2)
Back: n. 接受者，收款员; 接收器; 无线电接收机; （破产公司的）官方接管人
分布：接收器(62%)，听筒(25%)，接受者(9%)，收款员(3%)，破产管理官(1%)
→来自 receive,接收，收到，-er,表物。
US [-vɚ] noun countable
EQUIPMENT 器材
 ADVANCED (also telephone receiver)
■the part of the telephone that you hold to your ear and mouth （电话）听筒
• She picked up the receiver and dialled his number. 她拿起电话拨了他的号码。
 ADVANCED
■a piece of equipment that changes radio and television signals into sounds and pictures （无线电或电视）接收器，接收机
UK [rɪ'si:.vər] US [-vɚ] noun countable
PERSON 人 (UK also official receiver)
■a person who officially deals with the business matters of companies who cannot pay their debts （破产公司的）管理人，接管人
• The company went bankrupt and was put into the hands of the receivers. 公司破产了，由破产管理人接管。
UK legal
■A receiver (of stolen goods) is a person who buys and sells property which they know has been stolen. 买卖赃物者；收赃人
n. 接收器；接受者；收信机；收款员，接待者
 - taker, acceptor

Word: respite
Front: respite
[ˈrespaɪt] (宝 12950/11176 -1)
Vocabulary: respite
(once / 1480 pages)
nv
A respite is a break from something that's difficult or unpleasant. If you're cramming for exams, take an occasional walk to give yourself a respite from the intensity.
Respite may look like it rhymes with despite, but this word has a stress on its first syllable (RES-pit). It comes from the Latin word respectus, meaning refuge, but we almost always use respite to describe a time, not a place, of relief. If you've been fighting with your partner, a visit from a friend might offer a brief respite from the argument, but the fight will pick up again when she leaves.
WORD FAMILY
respite: respited, respites, respiting
USAGE EXAMPLES
Our New Year’s wish: a brief respite from reading obituaries.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Amid such barbarism, is there any respite to allow us to ponder what the violence means and says about how we live?
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
The plane’s shaking provides a short respite from one of Fuente’s least favorite topics of discussion: himself.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 休息期间; 缓解，暂缓; 延期; （刑罚的）缓期执行
v. 延期; 缓期执行（死刑）; 使休息，使（苦痛等）暂时停止，使缓和; [军]停付（军人）薪饷
时态：respited, respiting, respites
分布：暂缓(73%)，延迟(9%)，推延(9%)，缓刑(9%)
→来自古法语 respit,延迟，来自拉丁语 respectus,考虑，思考，来自 re-,再，-spect,看，词源同 despite,retrospect.比喻用法，即再看再研究，引申词义暂停，暂缓。
【记】re反复，spite＝bite咬：反复咬你，需要休息－间歇
['res.paɪt] formal
noun
uncountable
■a pause or rest from something difficult or unpleasant 暂停；暂时中止；暂时缓解
• We worked for hours without respite. 我们一刻不停地工作了好几个小时。
only singular
■a useful delay before something unpleasant happens 暂缓；短暂的延缓；喘息（时间）
• Their teacher was away, so they had a day's respite before their essays were due. 他们的老师外出，所以他们交论文的期限往后拖了一天。
n. 缓解；暂缓；暂时的休息； [法] 缓期执行
 - remission
vt. 使缓解；使暂缓；使延期； [法] 缓期执行
 - stay of execution

Word: scam
Front: scam
[skæm] (9135/20554 -1)
Vocabulary: scam
(once / 6264 pages)
nv
A scam is a sneaky or dishonest plan that's meant to con someone. A diet scam, for example, falsely claims that people will lose weight if they buy special pills or drinks.
A scam is basically a hoax dressed up to look like a real business plan, worthwhile invention, or investment idea. Scams are almost always designed to make money for their creators. You can also use the word as a verb: "His evil plan was to scam people into buying fake tickets to the baseball game." Word experts know that scam came from US carnival slang, but beyond that its origins are a mystery.
WORD FAMILY
scam: scammed, scammer, scamming, scams+/scammer: scammers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Attorney General Wayne Stenehjem says more than 100 North Dakota residents were victims of these scams, with some individuals losing thousands of dollars.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
That worker called police, who found Binsfield at another nearby restaurant allegedly pulling the scam.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
"Such a scam. Donate to the theatre directly if you want to," one detractor wrote on the GoFundMe page.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 骗局; 诡计; <美俚>诓骗; 故事
vt. 欺诈; 诓骗
时态：scammed, scamming, scams
分布：骗局(58%)，诈骗(37%)，骗钱(5%)
→俚语，可能缩写自 scamp,流氓，骗子。
[skæm] informal
noun countable
■an illegal plan for making money 欺诈，诈骗
• an insurance scam 保险诈骗
n. 骗局，诡计；故事
 - relation, story, scheme, fraud, yarn
vt. 欺诈；诓骗
 - rip off, illude
vi. 欺诈；诓骗
 - rip off, pettifog

Word: spectator
Front: spectator
[spekˈteɪtə(r)] (研六托雅宝 5215/5037 -2)
Vocabulary: spectator
(once / 282 pages)
1n 2n
If you're watching something, you're a spectator. Football stadiums and circus tents are full of spectators.
The spectator is a particular kind of viewer; unlike a witness or an onlooker, they usually have chosen intentionally to regard the spectacle before them. Usually the word spectator refers to people watching games or "spectator sports," but you could be a spectator at any planned event. An easy way to remember this word is to think of spectacles, glasses used to view something clearly — both from the same Latin root spectare.
WORD FAMILY
spectator: spectators+/spectate: spectated, spectating, spectator
USAGE EXAMPLES
In 1884, Harvard tried to ban it for being “brutal, demoralizing to teams and spectators, and extremely dangerous.”
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Announcer Keith Jackson, whose voice was the quintessential Saturday soundtrack for generations, will be at the game as a spectator.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The parade delights spectators along downtown city streets and at home in front of their televisions broadcasting the popular festivity live.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 观众，旁观者
分布：观众(80%)，旁观者(20%)
→spectate,观看，观赏，-or,人。
观众,旁观者(spect+ator人→看的人→观众)[spect,spic=look,see,表示"看"]
n.观众,旁观者The respectful spectator gave the prospective president a retrospect of the spectacular spectrum.恭敬的旁观者对未来的总统回顾了壮观的光谱(景象).
【参】spectacular（adj 引人入胜的）；spectacle（n 展览物；奇观）
【区】specter（n 幽灵；妖怪）看见就害怕的东西；
US [-tˌɚ] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a person who watches an activity, especially a sports event, without taking part （尤指体育赛事的）观众
• They won 4-0 in front of over 40 000 cheering spectators. 他们在四万多名观众的加油声中以四比零获胜。
attendant, audience, spectator
attendant: 护理人员，服务员；
audience: 参加play或concert的人；
spectator: 参加game的人
n. 观众；旁观者
 - audience, onlooker

Word: solidly
Front: solidly
[ˈsɒlɪdli] (11638/13681)
Back: adv. 坚固地; 牢靠地; 团结一致地; 整整地
分布：坚硬地(75%)，稳固地(25%)
US ['sɑ:.lɪd-] adverb
HARD 坚硬的
■strongly and firmly 坚固地，牢固地
• The house seems very solidly built. 这栋房子似乎建得很坚固。
UK ['sɒl.ɪd.li] US ['sɑ:.lɪd-] adverb
CONTINUOUS 持续的
■steadily or continuously 稳定地，连续地
• The economy has been growing solidly for five years now. 目前经济已持续五年稳定增长。
UK ['sɒl.ɪd.li] US ['sɑ:.lɪd-] adverb
CERTAINLY 确定地
■agreeing with or supporting someone completely 一致地，团结地（完全同意或支持某人）
• My colleagues are solidly behind me on this issue. 在这个问题上，我的同事很支援我。
adv. 坚固地；坚硬地；团结一致地
 - firmly, tightly

Word: specimen
Front: specimen
[ˈspesɪmən] (研四六托雅宝 5851/3073 -2)
Vocabulary: specimen
(once / 195 pages)
n
A specimen is a sample of something, like a specimen of blood or body tissue that is taken for medical testing.
The noun specimen comes from the Latin word specere, meaning “to look.” Biologists collect specimens so they can get a better look at something to study it. The idea is that, with a good specimen, you can learn about an entire group: it's a good representation. That meaning is echoed in the slang use of specimen, a strong, healthy and attractive person.
WORD FAMILY
specimen: specimens
USAGE EXAMPLES
Then there’s the matter of illegally harvested and traded specimens.
The New Yorker(Jan 02, 2017)
Shimmering red specimens, streaming into the light: this is beautiful in an appalling way.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
They collected specimens near One Tree Island in the Great Barrier Reef, off the northeast coast of Australia.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 样品; 范例; （化验的）抽样; 某种类型的人
分布：标本(79%)，样本(21%)
样本,标本(speci+men物品)[speci=look,kind,表示"外观,种类"]
n.标本,样本The speculator specifically specified the specification of this species specimen.投机者特地指定了这种物种标本的规范.
【记】源于：species（n 种类；物种），men男人－都可以作为样本研究。
noun countable
■something shown or examined as an example; a typical example 样品；标本；样本
• He has a collection of rare insect specimens. 他收集了很多稀有昆虫的标本。
• Museums will pay large amounts of money for good dinosaur fossil specimens. 博物馆愿意出大价钱购买完好的恐龙化石标本。
• Astronauts brought back specimens of moon rock. 太空人带回了月球岩石的样本。
■a small amount of blood or urine used for testing （用于化验的）血液样本，尿液样本
• They took blood and urine specimens for analysis. 他们采集血液样本和尿液样本作分析。
specimen, illustration, case, example, instance, sample
这组词都有“例子、事例”的意思，其区别是：
specimen: 可与sample换用，但常指人或物中选出的有代表性部分，或指供科研、化验或检验用的标本。
illustration: 指用来说明、解释某种理论或看法而引用的例证。
case: 多指需要加以认真研究的实例，如病例，案例等。
example: 普通用词，指能代表同类事物性质或一般规律的典型例子。
instance: 多指用于说明、支持或反证一般事实或理论的事例。
sample: 通常指样品。
n. 样品， [图情] 样本；标本
 - pattern, swatch

Word: covert
Front: covert
[ˈkʌvət] (宝 8772/11398 -1)
Vocabulary: covert
(once / 963 pages)
1adjn 2adj 3n
Covert means secret or hidden. Soldiers might take part in a covert mission to infiltrate an enemy camp — and you might take part in a covert mission to steal your brother's leftover Halloween candy.
Covert is the opposite of overt, which means obvious, or in full view. Covert things are hidden, private, or stealthy. It comes from the Old French covert, or "covered." A covert bag of chips you've snuck into the movie theater might literally be covered, hidden under your coat, while a covert plan to throw your dad a surprise party is just a secret.
WORD FAMILY
covert: covertly, covertness, coverts
USAGE EXAMPLES
“This covert action by the Nixon campaign,” he said, “laid the ground for the skulduggery of his presidency.”
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Special Forces in El Salvador in the 1980s and provided the identities of four U.S. covert intelligence officers working in Cuba.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“But I’m not yet seeing such impacts on their covert activities.”
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 隐蔽的，不公开的，秘密的; 偷偷摸摸的; 在丈夫保护下的
n. 遮蔽处，树丛
分布：隐蔽的(49%)，偷偷摸摸的(14%)，树丛(12%)，覆羽(9%)，隐密的(9%)，掩蔽物(7%)
→来自cover, 覆盖。
【记】cover（v 覆盖），t它－盖住的－秘密的
【参】overt（adj 公开的）
【反】open（adj 坦率的；公开的）
US [ˈkoʊ.vɜ˞ːt]
    UK [-ˈ-/
■hidden or secret 隐蔽的；隐秘的；秘密的
• covert actions 秘密活动
• The government was accused of covert military operations against the regime. 该政府被指责有秘密军事组织推翻这一政权的行动。
Compare overt
noun countable UK [ˈkʌv.ət] US [-ə˞t/
■a group of bushes and small trees growing close together in which animals can hide, especially from hunters （尤指动物为躲避猎人而藏身的）丛林，小树丛
n. [生态] 隐藏处；树丛；蔽覆羽翮基部的羽毛
 - bosque, boskage
adj. 隐蔽的；隐密的；偷偷摸摸的；在丈夫保护下的
 - concealed, secluded

Word: blink
Front: blink
[blɪŋk] (六托雅 4607/6283 -2)
Vocabulary: blink
(once / 644 pages)
1nv 2v
To blink is to briefly close your eyes. The bright sunlight first thing in the morning might make you blink rapidly, until your eyes adjust.
Your eyes blink reflexively, when you're not even thinking about it, but you can also deliberately blink back tears. Certain lights blink as well, like your car's turn signal, flashing on and off. A figurative way to blink is to hesitate or give up, especially at a confrontation: "The lawyers kept holding out for a settlement, waiting for the other side to blink first." The origin of blink is probably the Middle Dutch blinken, "to glitter."
WORD FAMILY
blink: blinked, blinker, blinking, blinks+/ blinker: blinkered, blinkers/blinking: blinkingly, blinkings, unblinking/blinks: blinkses/unblinking: unblinkingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Otherwise, no one blinked because it was the third similar incident in a week.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
It is as eclectic and daring a release you’ll hear, pivoting from impish yips to bloodhound-ish yowls to Louis Armstrong impersonations in a blink.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
People will be able to order the discounted drug through a company called Blink Health, which operates a website and app.
Washington Post(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 眨眼睛
vi. 闪亮，闪烁
n. 眨眼; 一瞬间; 闪亮; 闪烁
时态：blinked, blinking, blinks
分布：眨眼(64%)，闪烁(21%)，一瞬间(7%)，闪光(6%)，拒绝承认或面对(1%)，用闪光灯传送信号(1%)
→来自PIE *bhel, 照耀，闪光。指由于眩目而眨眼。-k, 硬化音。词源同blind.
verb
 ADVANCED intransitive or transitive
■When you blink, you close and then open your eyes quickly once or several times, and when an eye blinks, it does this 眨（眼睛）
• You've got something in your eye - try blinking a few times. 你眼睛里有东西——眨几下眼睛试试。
intransitive literary
■If a light blinks, it flashes on and off. （光）闪烁
[blɪŋk] verb
not blink informal
■to not show any shock or surprise 不惊讶，不吃惊
• When he was told I was expecting twins, Harry didn't even blink. 当哈里得知我要生双胞胎时，他一点也不惊讶。
[blɪŋk] noun countable usually singular
■the act of blinking 眨眼
[blɪŋk] noun countable usually singular
in the blink of an eye
■extremely quickly 一眨眼，瞬间
• In the blink of an eye, he was gone. 一眨眼他就不见了。
[blɪŋk] noun countable usually singular
on the blink informal
■When a machine is on the blink, it is not working correctly. （机器）失灵，出毛病
vt. 眨眼；使…闪烁
 - wink one's eyes
vi. 眨眼；闪烁
 - wink one's eyes, nictate
n. 眨眼；瞬间；闪光
 - moment, breath, second, instant

Word: blacklist
Front: blacklist
[ˈblæklɪst] (25225/34126)
Vocabulary: blacklist
(once / 9720 pages)
nv
When people are deliberately excluded from a group or boycotted, the list of their names is a blacklist. Several industries created blacklists during the US anti-communist period of the 1940s and 50s.
One of the most famous blacklists was the one established in Hollywood in 1947, with the intention of keeping Communists and their "sympathizers" from working in the film industry. You can use the word as a verb too, meaning to put someone's name on such a list, or to exclude them from employment or inclusion. The term itself dates all the way back to the 17th century, when it was defined as "list of persons who have incurred suspicion."
WORD FAMILY
blacklist: blacklisted, blacklisting, blacklists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Investigators are also looking into allegations that Park’s administration blacklisted thousands of artists for their political beliefs.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The special prosecution team began investigating the blacklist allegations following a complaint submitted by a group of artists.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
If you visit a site on the blacklist, the browser displays a warning as it blocks the page.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. （受怀疑、受冷遇等的）黑名单
vt. 把（某人）列入黑名单
时态：blacklisted, blacklisting, blacklists
分布：黑名单(95%)，把…列入黑名单(5%)
noun countable
■a list of people, countries, etc. who are considered by a particular authority or group to be unacceptable and who should be avoided and not trusted 黑名单
['blæk.lɪst] verb transitive often passive
■to put someone's name on a blacklist 将…列入黑名单
• They were blacklisted because of their extreme right-wing views. 他们因其极右观点而被列入了黑名单。

Word: doldrums
Front: doldrums
[ˈdɒldrəmz] (宝 -1)
Vocabulary: doldrums
(once / 12494 pages)
n
Doldrums aren’t drums that you can play like the tom-toms. Rather people use this noun to describe a period of time that is boring, depressing, or characterized by inactivity.
The noun doldrums is derived from the word dull. If you’ve been vegging out in front of the TV for hours, bored out of your mind, you might say you’re "in the doldrums." This word is often used in phrases describing a slump in the economy or as in “the summer doldrums” to describe the hot, lazy days of summer.
WORD FAMILY
doldrums
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Then you hit that middle 25 games where it’s kind of that doldrums when you’ve got to be mentally strong,” Hornacek said.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
There were winners and losers as Florida’s economy emerged from the doldrums of a half-decade ago.
Washington Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Mr. Renzi’s ascendance raised hopes among establishment EU leaders that Italy—a perpetual worry because of its large, moribund economy—would emerge from the doldrums.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: n. 忧郁; 无生气，沉闷; 赤道无风带
分布：萧条(50%)，消沉(23%)，忧郁(23%)，名词doldrum的复数形式.(4%)
→来自dull, 呆滞的，阴暗的，-drum, 拼写可能是模仿tantrum.
【记】doldr＝dole（n 悲哀）参：doleful（adj 悲哀的；寂寞的）dol＝do，drum（n 鼓）：你们到了美利坚以后，经过几年的奋斗终于毕业了，结果美国赶上经济萧条期，你的工作是do drum（做鼓），你就和美国一样进入了忧郁期。
【源】原指：赤道无风带：靠近赤道的海域，特征是或风平浪静，或起微风或起飓风，对于船员来说（那时只有帆船）这两种情况都挺令人忧郁的。
n. 忧郁； [气象] 赤道无风带
 - hyp, cafard

Word: hive
Front: hive
[haɪv] (高托宝 11401/11665 -1)
Vocabulary: hive
(once / 1077 pages)
nv
A hive can be a home for bees. It’s also a whole bunch of something moving around — like a hive of eager students — which is related to the fact that so many bees live in a hive.
The word hive is most recognizable as a place where bees live, but it can be a verb that means to move together as one, like a swarm of bees. It can also describe storing a lot of things in a confined space, the way bees are packed into a hive. You might hive your stamp collection in boxes in the attic, but if bees have built a hive in the eaves you won't be able to get to them.
WORD FAMILY
hive: hived, hives, hiving
USAGE EXAMPLES
The movie, and the way it was received and viciously attacked online, told us something vital about the hive mind of the US’s reactionary right.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
The hives, south of Watkinsville, were looted and at least three times in recent days.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
For them, the introduction of new hives and modern harvesting methods mark an unwelcome shift away from the traditions passed down through the generations.
BBC(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 蜂箱; 蜂巢; 蜂群; 喧闹地区
vt. 使（蜂）入蜂箱; 贮（蜜）于蜂箱中; 储备，积累
vi. （蜂）进入蜂箱; 聚居
时态：hived, hiving, hives
分布：蜂房(38%)，蜂箱(31%)，蜂群(21%)，储备(3%)，聚居(3%)，蜂进入蜂箱(1%)，把一部分分离出来(1%)，使蜂入箱(1%)，喧闹繁忙的场所(1%)
→来自古英语huf,蜂箱，来自keup,容器，箱子，词源同cooper,hove,cup.
【记】最hive的地方就是最好hide的地方，所以应live在hive里。
noun
BEES 蜜蜂
countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■a structure where bees live, especially a beehive (= container like a box) or the group of bees living there 蜂巢，蜂窝；蜂群
[haɪv] noun
SKIN CONDITION 皮肤状况
hives
uncountable
■a condition in which a person's skin develops red raised areas 荨麻疹
• She broke out in hives after eating strawberries. 她吃过草莓之后，身上就起了疹子。
[haɪv] noun
a hive of activity/industry
■a place where a lot of people are working very hard 繁忙的场所；忙碌的地方
• The whole house was a hive of activity on the day before the wedding. 婚礼的前一天，整幢房子里一派忙碌的景象。
[haɪv] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] hive sth off UK
■to separate one part of a company, usually by selling it （通常指透过出售）分离（公司的某部分）
• The plan is to hive off individual companies as soon as they are profitable. 该计划就是一旦某个公司开始获利，就将其分立出去。
n. 蜂房，蜂巢；热闹的场所；熙攘喧闹的人群
 - apiary, comb

Word: manifest
Front: manifest
[ˈmænɪfest] (研六雅宝 5931/6436 -2)
Vocabulary: manifest
(once / 126 pages)
1adjv 2nv
Choose the verb manifest when someone shows something for everyone to notice. You might manifest your dislike of school food by stirring it around into a big pile of slop on your tray.
Coming from the Latin manifestus "caught in the act," manifest can be used as an adjective or a noun as well as a verb. As an adjective, manifest is a formal way to say that something is apparent to the senses and is synonymous with evident, apparent, or clear. If you have strong feelings about something, they will be manifest on your face. A ship or plane's manifest is the list of cargo or passengers on a particular trip.
WORD FAMILY
manifest: manifestation, manifested, manifestedly, manifesting, manifestly, manifests+/ manifestation: manifestations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Its manifest said it was only carrying 100 passengers.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
That’s not to deny the genuinely disturbing racism manifesting in the US and across Europe.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
A disaster agency spokesman told AFP news agency the ship was carrying more than double the number of people listed on its manifest.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. 显示，表明; 证明; 使显现
adj. 明白的，明显的
n. 货单，旅客名单
时态：manifested, manifesting, manifests
分布：显示(46%)，显然的(11%)，明白的(10%)，表露(9%)，旅客名单(9%)，证实(8%)，载货单(7%)
→来自拉丁语manifestus,清晰的，明显的，抓个正着的，来自manus,手，词源同manual,-fest,击，打，抓住，词源同infest,offend.引申词义显现，展现。
明显的v表明;证实(mani+fest打击→用手打出→不隐藏→表明)[man,maun=hand,表示"手"]
明白的,显然的(mani手+fest→仇恨得用手打→[恨]明显的)[fest=hostile,表示"仇恨"]
v.表明,证明,显示a.明白的,明了的The wrestler's testimony manifests that he has large estates.角力者的证言表明他有大量房地产.
【参】manifesto（n 宣言；声明）
【反】latent（adj 潜在的）；occult（adj 神秘的）
['mæn.ɪ.fest] formal
verb transitive
LIST OF PEOPLE
■to show something clearly, through signs or actions 显示；表现；表明
• The workers chose to manifest their dissatisfaction in a series of strikes. 工人决定藉一连串罢工来表达他们的不满。
• The illness first manifested itself in/as severe stomach pains. 这种疾病最初表现为严重的胃痛。
• Lack of confidence in the company manifested itself in a fall in the share price. 人们对公司缺乏信心，股价下跌正好显示此情况。
['mæn.ɪ.fest] formal
adjective
■easily noticed or obvious 明显的，显而易见的
• manifest relief 显而易见的放松
• manifest lack of interest 明显的缺乏兴趣
manifest, indicate, illustrate
manifest: 表明、透露、清楚表示（show plainly）,显露（性质、感情） [反身用法]显示，出现（reveal）
indicate: 显示，
illustrate: 图例说明
demonstrate, manifest, display, show, exhibit
这组词都有“显示、显露、展现”的意思，其区别是：
demonstrate: 指明显地表露感情。也指用实例、实验推理等手段表演证明，或论证某一问题。
manifest: 书面正式用词，指明确地表明。
display: 多指将某物陈列在显眼之处以便让发现其优点，侧重有意识地显示。
show: 最普通用词，泛指任何有意或无意地把东西给别人看的行为。
exhibit: 指公开或正式地展示，以便引人注目或让人检查。
clear, obvious, evident, apparent, manifest, definite, plain, distinct
这组词都有“清楚的，明白的，明显的”的意思，其区别是：
clear: 普通用词，侧重清楚明白。
obvious: 语气较强，指极为明显，有目共睹，无需说明和论证。
evident: 指根据事实成为显然的。
apparent: 强调显而易见或一想便知。这个词从动词appear派生而来，故有时含有表面如此而事实上未必的意味。
manifest: 语义较强，书面用词，强调一目了然，暗示不要任何推论就一清二楚。
definite: 语气肯定，着重明白无误，无可怀疑。
plain: 普通用词，含义与clear很接近，可通用，但plain着重简单明了，不复杂。
distinct: 较正式用词，指轮廓的清楚或定义、含义的明确，不会弄错。
vt. 证明，表明；显示
 - indicate, prove, demonstrate, reveal, make clear
vi. 显示，出现
 - occur, make clear, figure, offer, come out
n. [贸易] 载货单，货单；旅客名单
 - passenger list
adj. 显然的，明显的；明白的
 - apparent, obvious, distinct, transparent, decided

Word: playground
Front: playground
[ˈpleɪgraʊnd] (中高研四六雅 5793/6458 -1)
Vocabulary: playground
(once / 1809 pages)
n
A playground is a place to frolic and play. Most kids know where the nearest playground is because that’s where the swings and slides are. Neighborhoods and schools usually have a playground. Weeeeee!
A playground built especially for kids has equipment for them to play on, like climbing structures, swings, seesaws, and play houses. Many public parks have this kind of playground. When adults talk about their favorite playgrounds, they usually mean a place they go to do the sports or activities they love. A nearby mountain, for example, could be described as a playground for snow boarders.
WORD FAMILY
playground: playgrounds
USAGE EXAMPLES
This timely novel captures every character in the worst light, and the grudge matches among Brooklyn’s liberal parentocracy are nastier than any playground brawl.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
He cited drug dealing and other “disturbing behavior” in or near playgrounds.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Playgrounds are vital in Los Angeles, a city where many families live without backyards or balconies.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 操场，尤指提供如秋千等设备的户外场地; 游乐场; （某些集体聚会游乐的）园地
分布：操场(76%)，运动场(13%)，游乐场(11%)
n.运动场,游戏场The delayed player delegation stay on the playground.被耽搁的运动员代表团停留在操场上.
noun
 ADVANCED countable
■an area designed for children to play in outside, especially at a school （尤指学校里的）操场，游乐场
only singular
■a place where a particular group of people enjoy themselves 娱乐场所
• This area of the coast is the playground of the rich and famous. 海滨的这片区域是富人和名人们的娱乐场。
countable US for * recreation ground
playground, stadium, court, gymnasium
这组词都有“运动场，操场”的意思，其区别是：
playground: 一般指附属于学校或公园内的活动场地，也可指游乐场或儿童游戏场地。
stadium: 指周围有看台的露天大型运动场。
court: 通常指周围有围墙的专用球场。
gymnasium: 可简写为gym，指不受天气影响的室内体育馆、健身房或运动场馆。
n. 运动场，操场
 - sports ground, athletic ground

Word: shin
Front: shin
[ʃɪn] (11556/11983 -1)
Back: n. 胫，胫骨; 小腿肉
vi. 攀; 快步步行
vt. 攀爬; 踢或打…的胫骨
时态：shinned, shinning, shins
分布：胫骨(79%)，快步走(11%)，攀爬(7%)，踢或打在 ... 的胫骨上(3%)
→来自古英语 scinu,胫，胫骨，来自 Proto-Germanic*skino,薄片，来自 skei,切，分开，词 源同 sheathe,science.比喻用法，引申词义用腿爬，攀爬。
noun
countable
■the front part of your leg between your knee and your foot 胫，胫部
• She's got a nasty bruise on her shin. 她的胫部有一块严重的瘀伤。
countable or uncountable
■a joint (= large piece) of meat from the lower leg of a cow 牛的小腿肉
• a shin of beef 一块牛的小腿肉
[ʃɪn] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition (-nn-) (US also shinny)
■to climb something such as a tree, using your hands and legs to move along quickly 攀，爬
• Several of us shinned up lampposts so that we could see over the crowd. 我们之中有几个人爬上了路灯柱，这样就可以越过人们的头顶观看了。
n. 胫骨
 - shankbone, tibia
vt. 爬；攀
 - climb
vi. 攀；快步走
 - double

Word: theoretically
Front: theoretically
[ˌθɪə'retɪklɪ] (8003/7829)
Back: adv. 理论地，理论上
分布：理论上(100%)
US [ˌθi:.ə're-] adverb
■in a way that obeys some rules but is not likely 理论上
• It is theoretically possible. 它在理论上是可能的。
adv. 理论地；理论上
 - notionally

Word: theology
Front: theology
[θiˈɒlədʒi] (3833/5178 -1)
Vocabulary: theology
(once / 274 pages)
n
Theology is the study of religion, plain and simple. Of course, religion isn’t simple, so theology covers a lot of subjects, like rituals, divine beings, the history of religions, and the concept of religious truth.
Theology is taught to priests and ministers so they can better understand their religion, and it’s also taught in non-religious colleges to anyone who is curious about the ideas and effects of religion. The first half of theology is theo-, which means god in Greek. The suffix -logy means “the study of,” so theology literally means “the study of god," but we usually expand it to mean the study of religion more broadly.
WORD FAMILY
theology: theological, theologies, theologise, theologist, theologize+/ theological: theologically/theologise: theologised, theologiser, theologising/theologist: theologists/theologize: theologized, theologizer, theologizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
He initially studied theology and considered becoming a Catholic priest, like two of his brothers.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Nation of Islam theology claims white people were created as a “race of devils” by the scientist.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Chafe’s interpretation of the St. John detects theology in almost every bar.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 神学
分布：神学(100%)
→theo-,神，-logy,学说，
神学(theo神+o+log+y)[log=science,表示"科学,学科"]
神学(theo+logy学科)[the(a)=god表示"神"]
【记】theo神，ology学科
US [-'ɑ:.lə-] noun
uncountable
■the study of religion and religious belief 神学，宗教信仰学；宗教信仰
countable or uncountable
■a set of beliefs about a particular religion 神学，宗教信仰学；宗教信仰
n. 神学；宗教体系
 - divinity

Word: taxman
Front: taxman
[ˈtæksmæn] (39376/24357)
Back: n. 收税员，税收检查员
分布：收税员(70%)，税收检查员(30%)
n. 税收检查员；收税员
 - tax collector, publican

Word: baton
Front: baton
['bætɒn] (宝 10811/12650 -1)
Vocabulary: baton
(once / 2335 pages)
n
A baton is the small stick or rod, like the one that an orchestra conductor uses to direct musicians. A conductor's baton is often made of lightweight wood.
There are several types of batons, all of them some kind of stick or club. A relay runner carries and passes a metal or wooden baton to the next runner, and a baton twirler in a parade spins and throws a long, metal baton in the air as she marches. Police officers carry batons as well, heavy sticks that can be used as weapons. This is the original meaning of baton, from the Latin bastum, "stout staff."
WORD FAMILY
baton: batons
USAGE EXAMPLES
Baton Rouge police said Asha Davis was found at the residence on Mohican Prescott Crossover around 8:30 p.m.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
A black Iraq war veteran fatally shot the three police officers and wounded three others in Baton Rouge in an ambush.
Reuters(Dec 29, 2016)
About a week later, a gunman in Baton Rouge killed three officers.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. （警察武器）警棍; （乐队指挥用的）指挥棒; 接力棒
分布：指挥棒(40%)，接力棒(25%)，警棍(25%)，权杖(9%)，短棍(1%)
→来自法语。bat, 马鞍，同bast. 可能指赶马的棍子，后指警棍。
棍,警棍(bat+on)[bat=beat,表示"打,击"]
指挥棒(bat打＋on,原指警察打人的警棍)[-on表名词,指人,物和一些物理学上的名词]
【记】bat打，蝙蝠，on上－打的东西，或者记：蝙蝠落在警棍上
US [bə'tɑ:n] noun countable
MUSIC 音乐
■a stick used by a conductor (= person who controls the performance of a group of musicians) to show the speed of the music （乐队指挥用的）指挥棒
UK ['bæt.ɒn] US [bə'tɑ:n] noun countable
SPORT 体育
■a stick that is passed from one runner to another in a relay race 接力棒
UK ['bæt.ɒn] US [bə'tɑ:n] noun countable
MARCHING 行进
■a hollow metal stick that a majorette or drum major spins and throws while marching （步操时军乐队用的）金属的指挥杖
UK ['bæt.ɒn] US [bə'tɑ:n] noun countable
WEAPON 武器 (UK also truncheon) (US also nightstick)
■a thick heavy stick used as a weapon by police officers 警棍
n. 指挥棒；接力棒；警棍；司令棒
 - night stick, billy club

Word: thinner
Front: thinner
[ˈθɪnə(r)] (-/45114)
Back: n. （油漆的）稀释剂; 使变稀薄者，加稀料的制漆工
adj. 较瘦的; 较薄的
分布：稀释剂(48%)，较薄的(39%)，较瘦的(13%)
→thin,稀的，-er,表物。引申词义稀释剂。
US [-ɚ] noun uncountable
■a substance added especially to paint to make it flow more easily （尤指油漆的）稀释剂，稀料
• paint thinner 油漆稀释剂
n. [助剂] 稀释剂，冲淡剂
 - diluter, diluting agent
adj. 薄的；瘦的；细的
 - spare, papery

Word: bra
Front: bra
[brɑ:] (7620/10229 -1)
Back: n. 胸罩; <口>车头罩
分布：胸罩(100%)
(formal brassiere)
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a piece of women's underwear that supports the breasts 胸罩
n. 胸罩
 - brassiere

Word: writ
Front: writ
[rɪt] (宝 18491/7184 -1)
Vocabulary: writ
(once / 674 pages)
n
If you are ever served with a writ, then you better do what it says. A writ is a written document issuing a legal order.
The word writ has been around since before the twelfth century and was first used to describe a written document needed to have a case heard at the royal courts of England during the Middle Ages. Nowadays, the king is most likely no longer involved, but this word still refers to a legal document issued by a court of law. A writ contains a written order instructing someone to do something or to stop doing something. If you ever need to give out a writ, remember that the verb to serve is typically used to describe the issuing of a writ — as in “Tony was served with a writ on Monday.”
WORD FAMILY
writ: writs
USAGE EXAMPLES
Last week, the defender's office filed a writ to an appellate court to grant their request to be heard before the January date.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
So ponder the spectacle of a President claiming his writ will last “indefinitely,” as Mr. Obama’s executive order puts it.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 21, 2016)
“Sing” is essentially that very short, writ large.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. [法] 令状; 文书; 法院命令
v. “write”的过去式和过去分词
分布：令状(100%)
→来自write的古体writan的过去分词形式，已写好的，写成的，引申义令状，文书。
【记】write－e＝writ
noun
DOCUMENT 文件
countable legal
■a legal document from a court of law which tells someone that they will be involved in a legal process and explains to them what they must do （法庭的）传票，令状
• There have been at least seven writs issued against him for late payment of bills. 他因迟付帐单至少接到了七次法院传票。
• She has served a writ for libel on the newspaper (= She has delivered it to them officially). 她已将起诉这家报纸诽谤的令状送达。
[rɪt] noun
AUTHORITY 权威
uncountable formal
■the authority to rule or make laws 统治（或立法）的权威
• holy writ 神圣的权威
[rɪt] verb old use past participle of
■ write
[rɪt] verb old use past participle of
be writ large formal
■to be very obvious 显而易见
• Her distress was writ large in her face. 她的痛苦明显地写在脸上。
[rɪt] verb old use past participle of
writ large formal
■If one thing is another thing writ large, it is similar to it but larger or more obvious 夸大了的；更明显的
• Hollywood is often said to be American society writ large. 好莱坞常被称作美国社会的放大版。
n. [法] 令状；文书；法院命令
 - clerical assistant, diploma

Word: butterfly
Front: butterfly
[ˈbʌtəflaɪ] (中高研四托雅 4923/5314 -2)
Vocabulary: butterfly
(once / 508 pages)
1nv 2n 3v 4v
A butterfly is a flying insect with a small body and large, often colorful wings. Some gardeners plant specific flowers that attract butterflies.
Butterflies are closely related to moths, which also have wings that are large in proportion to their bodies and antennae. A butterfly is distinctive because of its relatively large size and lovely, patterned wings. After hatching, they start as caterpillars, and eventually build a chrysalis, inside of which they transform into — and emerge as — a butterfly. The origin of butterfly isn't certain, though it may come from some butterflies' pale yellow color.
WORD FAMILY
butterfly: butterflied, butterflies, butterflying
USAGE EXAMPLES
Lenses: The Lenses feature lets people augment their selfies with things like cartoon dog ears, floral hair wreaths and animated butterflies.
New York Times(Nov 30, 2016)
“We have a solid starter wine collection, and we have two Hunt Slonem pink butterfly paintings,” he says.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 29, 2016)
“Insects in Painting” pays delicate, fluttering tribute to two mid-19th-century hanging scrolls, “Butterflies” and “Dragonflies,” while still having some illusion-breaking fun.
Seattle Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 蝴蝶; 蝶泳; 轻浮的人; 游手好闲的人
v. 切开摊平
时态：butterflied, butterflying, butterflies
分布：蝴蝶(89%)，蝶泳(10%)，蝶状物(1%)
→butter, 黄油。fly, 昆虫。形容蝴蝶黄油色的翅膀。
n.蝴蝶The button utters in mutter, "The butterfly likes the buttered earthnut/peanut."按钮咕哝着发出声音说:"蝴蝶喜欢涂了奶油的花生."
US ['bʌtˌ.ɚ-] noun countable
INSECT 昆虫
 ADVANCED
■a type of insect with large often brightly coloured wings 蝴蝶
UK ['bʌt.ə.flaɪ] US ['bʌtˌ.ɚ-] noun countable
PERSON 人 disapproving
■a person who is not responsible or serious, and who is likely to change activities easily or only be interested in pleasure 轻浮多变的人；追求享乐的人
• She's such a social butterfly. 她可真是个交际花。
UK ['bʌt.ə.flaɪ] US ['bʌtˌ.ɚ-] noun countable
JEWELLERY 首饰
■the small metal part put on the back of a stud (= piece of jewellery worn in the ear) that keeps it in place 耳环托
UK ['bʌt.ə.flaɪ] US ['bʌtˌ.ɚ-] noun countable
SWIMMING 游泳
[S or U]
■the butterfly stroke 蝶泳
UK ['bʌt.ə.flaɪ] US ['bʌtˌ.ɚ-] noun countable
have butterflies (in your stomach) informal
■to feel very nervous, usually about something you are going to do （通常指对将要做的事）感到非常紧张，觉得很心慌
• I had terrible butterflies before I gave that talk in Venice. 我那次在威尼斯讲话前感到异常紧张。
n. [昆] 蝴蝶；蝶泳；举止轻浮的人；追求享乐的人
 - scalewing, papilio

Word: coastline
Front: coastline
[ˈkəʊstlaɪn] (10228/8732 -1)
Back: n. 海岸线; 海岸地形（或轮廓）
分布：海岸线(100%)
US ['koʊst-] noun countable or uncountable
■the particular shape of the coast, especially as seen from above, from the sea, or on a map （尤指从空中、海上或地图上看到的）海岸线
n. [海洋] 海岸线
 - shoreline, sea line

Word: glamour
Front: glamour
[ˈglæmə(r)] (研六托雅 8154/8500 -2)
Vocabulary: glamour
(once / 1604 pages)
nv
Glamour is the quality of being fascinating, alluring, or charming If you've watched Marilyn Monroe on a movie screen, then you've witnessed glamour!
The word glamour originally referred to a magical or even unreal charm or beauty attached to a person or an object. Today you can still glamour, or cast a spell over, someone, but you probably won’t. More often glamour is now used to mean a certain thrilling or attractive appeal -– especially sex appeal. Glamour is more than just good looks — the right clothing, jewelry, attitude, or friends can produce glamour — the mark of a star.
WORD FAMILY
glamour: glamoured, glamouring, glamourise, glamourize, glamours+/glamourise: glamourisation/glamourize: glamourization, glamourized, glamourizes, glamourizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
"She epitomized and personified Hollywood glamour," Father Edward Benioff said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Today’s interest in cocktail culture, it explains, “attests to a nostalgia for the glamour and role playing of earlier eras.”
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Stella said that although people like him often get the “direct glamour” of their inventions and research, it’s a team effort.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 魅力; 诱惑力; 魔力; 迷人的美
v. 迷惑; 迷住
分布：魅力(91%)，魔力(7%)，迷住(2%)
→来自grammar的拼写变体，来自grammar的古义，神秘学。引申义着迷，魅惑，魅力。
US [-ɚ] noun uncountable
 ADVANCED
■the special exciting and attractive quality of a person, place or activity 吸引力；魅力；诱惑力
• Who can resist the glamour of Hollywood? 谁能抗拒得了好莱坞的诱惑？
n. 魅力，魔力；迷人的美
 - charm, grace, fascination
vt. 迷惑，迷住
 - possess, spell

Word: gritty
Front: gritty
[ˈgrɪti] (10456/15125 -1)
Vocabulary: gritty
(once / 4610 pages)
1adj 2adj
Gritty things have a rough texture that makes them feel like they're coated with sand. After a day at the beach, you might come home with gritty arms and legs.
A baking project involving corn meal might result in a gritty counter and a gritty kitchen floor, and one shake of your dirty dog will leave you with a gritty couch. Grit is a tiny particle of sand or stone, and gritty means "covered in grit." A second meaning of gritty is "showing bravery and spirit." When you stick with something no matter how scary or difficult it is, that's gritty.
WORD FAMILY
gritty: grittier, grittiest, grittily+/ grit: grits, gritted, gritting, gritty
USAGE EXAMPLES
“There’s a gritty, worldly insolence to them, and a sense of power,” he said.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Fighting is a gritty, emotional exercise in which statistics often mean nothing.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
“And their ‘D’ linemen are really tough and gritty down there in the trenches.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 多沙的，含砂的; 勇敢的，坚毅的，坚定的
级别：grittier, grittiest
分布：有砂砾的(41%)，勇敢的(33%)，像砂的(26%)
US ['grɪtˌ.i] adjective
SANDY 沙砾的
■containing grit or like grit 含砂的；有沙砾的
UK ['grɪt.i] US ['grɪtˌ.i] adjective
BRAVE 勇敢的
■brave and determined 勇敢的；坚毅的，坚定的
• He showed the gritty determination that we've come to expect from him. 他不负所望，表现出应有的坚毅和果敢。
UK ['grɪt.i] US ['grɪtˌ.i] adjective
UNPLEASANT AND TRUE 真实的
■showing all the unpleasant but true details of a situation （对不好情况的描述）逼真的，真实的，不加掩饰的
• a gritty portrayal of inner-city poverty 对市中心贫民区赤贫生活的真实描述
• a gritty documentary 如实反映情况的纪录片
adj. 坚韧不拔的；有砂砾的；多沙的；像砂的
 - sandy, arenaceous

Word: mahdi

Word: inadvertently
Front: inadvertently
[ˌɪnədˈvɜ:təntli] (宝 9077/11105)
Vocabulary: inadvertently
(once / 2946 pages)
adv
Inadvertently is an adverb that means "without knowledge or intent," like when you inadvertently take someone else's coat from the coatroom because it looks just like yours.
When you do something inadvertently, you don't mean to do it — you might inadvertently step in a puddle, leave something important at home, or hurt your friend's feelings. Some things that happen inadvertently aren't mistakes, though: They happen by chance. For example, if you just happen to park your car at the exact place that blocks a bus from hitting a pedestrian, you've inadvertently saved a life.
WORD FAMILY
inadvertent: inadvertence, inadvertency, inadvertently +/ advert: adverted, advertence, advertency, advertent, adverting, adverts/advertent: advertently, inadvertent /inadvertence: inadvertences/inadvertency: inadvertencies
USAGE EXAMPLES
It all started when someone at the sheriff’s office inadvertently opened an infected email or perhaps clicked on the wrong online link.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Instead, he said, he inadvertently sent them to Artvoice, a Buffalo weekly, which published them this past week.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Instead, he said, he inadvertently sent them to Artvoice, a Buffalo weekly, which published them last week.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adv. 漫不经心地，疏忽地; 非故意地
分布：不注意地(37%)，非故意地(36%)，疏忽地(27%)
→in-,不，非，advertent，注意的，留意的。
US [-'vɝ:.tˌənt-] adverb
■not intentionally 非故意地，无意地
• He inadvertently deleted the file. 他不小心把档案删除了。
adv. 非故意地；不注意地
 - unintentionally, carelessly

Word: incarnation
Front: incarnation
[ˌɪnkɑ:ˈneɪʃn] (9578/11967 -1)
Vocabulary: incarnation
(once / 2295 pages)
n
Incarnation is the embodiment of a god on earth. Or — when it comes to reincarnation: if you are a garbage collector in this life, you might get to be royalty in your next incarnation.
Incarnation comes from the Latin incarnatus, which means “to make flesh.” The word incarnation came to life in religious contexts and is used when talking about gods and deities that take on human or animal forms. More generally, the word can be used to refer to anything or anyone taking on a "new life" — the new season of a sitcom could promise a new incarnation for one of its characters, or a former fashion trend could come back as a new incarnation.
WORD FAMILY
incarnation: incarnations+/disincarnate: disincarnated/ incarnate: disincarnate, incarnated, incarnates, incarnating, incarnation, reincarnate/reincarnate: reincarnated, reincarnates, reincarnating, reincarnation / reincarnation: reincarnationism, reincarnations
USAGE EXAMPLES
The “Emerald City” incarnation of Glinda stresses that they were all trying to create “real magic” on set.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
For me to accept the truth of God and his incarnation in Jesus Christ was to defy the culture of the age.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
The little incarnation where you get to create together.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 化身; 前身; 典型体现
分布：化身(96%)，赋与肉体(2%)，具人形(2%)
→来自incarnate,肉体化，具体化。其原义为化身为凡人耶稣的上帝，后词义通用化。
US [-kɑ:r-] noun
countable
■a particular life, in religions that believe that we have many lives （宗教观念中人的）化身
• He believes that he was a Roman warrior in a previous incarnation. 他认为自己前世是一名罗马勇士。
Compare reincarnation
countable
■a particular physical form or condition of something or someone that is changing or developing 特殊表现，特殊状态
• This film is the latest incarnation of a fairy tale that dates back to the Middle Ages. 这部影片是对中世纪一个神话故事的最新演绎。
the incarnation of sth
■an extreme example, in human form, of a particular characteristic or type of behaviour （特定特征或行为类型的）化身
• He was the incarnation of evil (= was extremely evil). 他是邪恶的化身。
• She's the incarnation of everything I hate about politics. 她是我所痛恨的一切丑陋的政治事物的化身。
uncountable
■the appearance of a god as a human 道成肉身（神以人的形式出现）
n. 化身；道成肉身；典型
 - picture, model, representative, pink, embodiment

Word: midland
Front: midland
['mɪdlənd] (40748/2986)
Back: n. 中部地方，内地
adj. 在内陆的
分布：中部的(46%)，中部地区(18%)，米德兰（美国密歇根中部城市(18%)，美国德克萨斯州中西部城市）(18%)
n. 内地；中部地方
 - inland, hinterland
adj. 中部的；在内陆的
 - middle

Word: nag
Front: nag
[næg] (宝 13685/12260 -1)
Vocabulary: nag
(once / 1537 pages)
1vn 2n
When you ask for something over and over AND over again, you are nagging. If you nag your parents long enough, they'll either give in and get you a puppy, or simply refuse any pets at all — not even a goldfish.
When you nag someone, you complain and pester them. Your teacher might nag you about a late assignment, or you might nag your friend to give you back the sweater he borrowed. A thought or worry can also nag you, simply by staying in your thoughts. The word nag meant "gnaw" before the 1820s, from a Scandinavian root.
WORD FAMILY
nag: nagged, nagger, nagging, nags+/nagger: naggers/ nagging: naggingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The way to stop “nagging” is to simply stop.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Cobb missed the Vikings game with a nagging ankle injury.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
That approach allows legislators to maximize what Honda calls “nagging” and minimize the witness’s ability to rebut their arguments.
Science Magazine(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. 不断找岔，抱怨; 困扰，折磨
vi. 叱责，抱怨; 困扰，焦虑
n. 挑剔的人; 马，老马
时态：nagged, nagging, nags
分布：竞赛马(29%)，不断唠叨(22%)，驽马(18%)，小马(18%)，指责(13%)
→来自Proto-Germanic*gnagan,咬，词源同gnaw,最终来自咬牙的声音。引申词义抱怨，牢骚。
【记】拼音：那个，在你的身边总是这个那个的－不断烦扰。
【反】nagging（adj 唠叨挑剔的）－tonic（adj 激励的；滋补的）
verb intransitive or transitive (-gg-)
■to criticize or complain often in an annoying way 不断批评（或抱怨）；跟…纠缠不休；唠叨
• [+ obj + to infinitive] My mum's always nagging me to get my hair cut. 我妈妈总是唠叨着要我去理发。
• If she'd only stop nagging at me, I might actually help. 如果她不是对我纠缠不休，我或许真的帮忙了。
• I'm always nagging him about his diet. 我总是批评他的饮食。
[næg] verb intransitive or transitive (-gg-)
  Phrasal Verbs  nag (away) at sb
■If doubts or worries nag (away) at you, you think about them all the time （疑虑或担心）不断困扰，不断烦扰（某人）
• The same thought has been nagging away at me since last week. 自从上周开始，同样的想法就一直困扰着我。
[næg] noun countable old use
■a horse, especially one that is too old to be useful 马；（尤指）老马，驽马
n. 唠叨；老马；竞赛马
 - jade, nattering
vt. 使烦恼；不断地唠叨
 - trouble, irk

Word: pulp
Front: pulp
[pʌlp] (托雅宝 8643/11972 -1)
Vocabulary: pulp
(once / 1318 pages)
1nv 2n
Pulp is a soft, squishy, or slightly wet mush. The soft inside part of your tooth is pulp, and the soft flesh of a peach is also pulp.
There are many kinds of pulp, including the soggy stuff that starts out as trees and ends up as paper. The process of turning wood into paper starts with pulp, the stripped wood fibers that are steamed and ground or mixed with chemicals before being bleached and dried. Magazines printed on very rough, inexpensive paper were once also referred to as pulps, leading to the name "pulp fiction" for cheap, sensational books and magazines.
WORD FAMILY
pulp: pulped, pulping, pulps, pulpy+/pulpy: pulpier, pulpiest, pulpily, pulpiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mendieta is a classic pulp detective: hapless, tough and driven, kind of corrupt but the only cop around not on the cartel’s payroll.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Drain 10 minutes, discard juices, and place pulp in a bowl.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
A man was pulping sugar canes into a drink.
BBC(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 纸浆，黏浆状物质; 果肉; 牙髓; [冶]矿浆
vt. 使…化成纸浆; 除去…的果肉; 取出（咖啡豆的）果肉
vi. 变成纸浆; 成为浆状
adj. <美俚>（杂志）低级趣味的
时态：pulped, pulping, pulps
分布：纸浆(54%)，果肉(24%)，牙髓(20%)，使成为浆状(1%)，除去 ... 的果肉(1%)
→来自拉丁语pulpa,纸浆，木浆，来自pel,粉，粉尘，糊，词源同pollen,polenta.
【记】读：泡泡，在搅和果酱和纸浆的时候会出现大量的泡泡。
noun
WET SUBSTANCE 泥状物
[S or U]
■a soft wet mass 浆状物，泥状物
• Mash the bananas to a pulp and then mix in the yoghurt. 把香蕉捣成糊状，然后拌到酸乳酪里。
uncountable
■small pieces of paper, cloth or wood mixed with water until they form a soft wet mass, used for making paper 纸浆
• wood pulp 木纸浆
• a pulp mill 磨纸浆机
[pʌlp] noun
BOOKS 书
uncountable disapproving
■books and magazines which are of low quality in the way they are produced and the stories and articles they contain （纸质低劣、内容庸俗的）低级书刊，劣质书刊
• pulp fiction 低俗小说
[pʌlp] noun
beat sb to a pulp informal
■to hit someone repeatedly until they are badly injured 狠揍（或痛打）某人
[pʌlp] verb transitive
■to make something into a pulp 把…捣成（或压成）浆
• Old newspapers are pulped and recycled. 旧报纸被化成纸浆重新利用。
n. 纸浆； [食品] 果肉；黏浆状物质
 - sarcocarp

Word: pivotal
Front: pivotal
[ˈpɪvətl] (托 8154/14567 -1)
Vocabulary: pivotal
(once / 4681 pages)
adj
High school graduation is a pivotal moment in most people's lives — an important point that signifies a shift in direction.
You see the word pivot in pivotal. That is because when something is pivotal, it is central, and everything related to the topic turns or depends on it. An election can be a pivotal moment in a nation's history if the direction the country takes depends on it. Your belief in reincarnation may be pivotal to how you treat animals. Pivotal means important, but it has the sense of centrality and turning.
WORD FAMILY
pivotal: pivotally+/ pivot: pivotal, pivoted, pivoting, pivots, pivotting
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s on your watch now,’” recalled GOP Rep. Pat Tiberi, chairman of a pivotal health subcommittee.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
It’s on your watch now,'” recalled GOP Rep. Pat Tiberi, chairman of a pivotal health subcommittee.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Then, in the game’s most pivotal play, Alabama linebacker Ryan Anderson intercepted a poor pass from Browning and returned it 26 yards for a touchdown.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 中枢的; 枢轴的; 关键的
分布：关键的(54%)，重要的(40%)，轴的(6%)
→来自pivot,核心。
【记】源于pivot（n 枢轴；中心点），根：piv＝pir转
US [-tˌəl] adjective
■central and important 关键性的，核心的
• a pivotal figure/role/idea 关键人物／角色／想法
adj. 关键的；中枢的；枢轴的
 - central, key

Word: rampage
Front: rampage
[ˈræmpeɪdʒ] (宝 14994/20034 -1)
Vocabulary: rampage
(once / 4583 pages)
nv
A rampage is when a group of people is destructive and out of control, like an angry, violent riot following an unpopular political decision.
A single individual can go on a rampage, wreaking havoc and destruction, but the word most often describes the actions of an angry mob. You can also use rampage as a verb, as when furious football fans rampage through a town overturning cars and setting things on fire. The word was originally Scottish, from the Middle English ramp, "rave or rush wildly about."
WORD FAMILY
rampage: rampaged, rampageous, rampages, rampaging+/ ramp: rampage, rampant, ramped, ramping, ramps/rampageous: rampageousest, rampageously/ rampant: rampantly
USAGE EXAMPLES
But legal filings strongly suggest a split with his court-appointed defenders about whether to argue that his rampage resulted from mental illness.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Allen’s rush opened a massive lane for Foster, who rampaged into the backfield.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Italian police said Amri traveled from Germany through France and into Italy after his truck rampage in Berlin killed 12 people and injured 56 others.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. （因发怒等）暴跳，暴怒; 狂暴行为; 乱闹
v. 暴跳，暴怒; 狂暴地乱冲
时态：rampaged, rampaging, rampages
分布：暴怒(67%)，狂暴行为(26%)，狂暴地乱冲(7%)
→来自 ramp,狂暴。
【记】ram羊，page页：羊站在你的论文上－你会发怒的横冲直撞
verb intransitive /ræmˈpeɪdʒ/
■to go through an area making a lot of noise and causing damage 横冲直撞；撒野
• The demonstrators rampaged through the town, smashing windows and setting fire to cars. 示威者们横冲直撞穿过城镇，沿途砸坏窗户、烧毁车辆。
• Several villages were destroyed by rampaging soldiers. 好几个村子被狂暴撒野的士兵捣毁。
noun countable or uncountable /ˈræm.peɪdʒ/
■violent and usually wild behaviour 横冲直撞；撒野；狂暴行为
• Rioters went on a/the rampage through the city. 暴乱分子在城中横冲直撞，胡作非为。
n. 暴怒；暴跳；乱闹
 - fury, rough house
vi. 狂暴；乱闹；发怒
 - anger, chafe at

Word: ton
Front: ton
[tʌn] (中高研四六 -/3936 -K3)
Back: n. 吨; 大量，许多
级别：tonner, tonnest
分布：吨(100%)
→来自 tun 拼写变体，词源由酒桶，木桶引申为专有名词吨。
n.吨;(pl.)大量,许多The bottle is hidden in the bottom of a ton of cotton the cottage.瓶子被藏在农舍里一吨棉花的底部.
noun countable (plural tons or ton)
WEIGHT 重量
 IMPROVER (specialized metric ton) (specialized tonne)
■a unit of weight equal to 1000 kg 公吨（等于1000公斤）
 IMPROVER (specialized long ton)
■a unit of weight equal to 1016 kg 长吨（等于1016公斤）
 IMPROVER (specialized short ton)
■a unit of weight equal to 907 kg 短吨（等于907公斤）
tons [plural] informal
■an extremely large amount 大量，许多
• We've got tons of food left over from the party. 我们的派对剩下许多食物。
[tʌn] noun countable (plural tons or ton)
SPEED 速度
do a ton UK old-fashioned informal
■to drive at 100 miles per hour 以每小时100英里的速度行驶
[tʌn] noun countable (plural tons or ton)
like a ton of bricks
■very strongly or forcefully 非常强大；非常有力
• If father finds out what you've been doing, he'll come down on (= punish) you like a ton of bricks! 如果爸爸知道你在做的事，他会狠狠教训你的！
n. [计量] 吨；很多，大量
 - lots of, wealth, ocean, sea, body

Word: razor
Front: razor
[ˈreɪzə(r)] (高研四六宝 7444/8610 -1)
Vocabulary: razor
(once / 1573 pages)
nv
If you need to shave, you'll want to use a razor. It's a tool that's made for removing unwanted hair.
There are straight razors (the old-fashioned kind that barbers sometimes use), safety razors for shaving faces and legs, and electric razors that use spinning blades to trim beards or shave heads. A hair stylist also might use razor as a verb: "Let me just razor the ends and we'll be done!" Razor comes from the Old French raser, "to scrape."
WORD FAMILY
razor: razored, razoring, razors
USAGE EXAMPLES
They believe he is bleeding from razor wire that he climbed through to escape.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
In this case, Tesco was charging twice as much for a packet of women's razors compared to ones for men.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
U.S. marshals say the Cambridge, Massachusetts, native scaled a building and climbed over razor wire and was reported missing Saturday night.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 剃刀，刮面刀
vt. 剃; 用剃刀刮
分布：剃刀(100%)
→来自 raze,刮。
剃刀(raze+or)[Ras,rad=scrape,表示"刮擦"]
n.剃刀The crazy jazzman gazed at the blaze on the razor with amazement.疯狂的爵士音乐演奏者惊愕地盯着剃刀上的白斑.
【记】raze（v 夷为平地），or一把脸夷为平地－剃刀
US [-zɚ] noun countable
■a small device with a sharp blade for removing hair, especially from the face or legs （尤指刮胡须或脚毛的）剃刀，刮胡刀，剃须刀
• Do you use an electric razor or the kind that you have to put a razor blade in? 你用的是电动刮须刀还是那种要装刀片的刮胡刀？
UK ['reɪ.zər] US [-zɚ] noun countable
on a razor edge
■in a very uncertain and dangerous situation 处于险境；境况岌岌可危
• Allegations of fraud have put the minister's career on a razor edge. 由于被指控有欺诈行为，这位部长的职业生涯岌岌可危。
UK ['reɪ.zər] US [-zɚ] verb transitive
■to cut something such as hair using a razor 用剃刀剃；用刮胡刀刮
• My hairdresser always razors my fringe to give a soft effect. 我的理发师总是把我的浏海用剃刀刮一下，使它变得轻柔一些。
vt. 剃，用剃刀刮
 - shave
n. 剃刀
 - shiv

Word: tattoo
Front: tattoo
[təˈtu:] (6033/12617 -1)
Vocabulary: tattoo
(once / 1465 pages)
1nv 2n
A tattoo is a permanent design made on skin with a needle and ink. If you want a butterfly tattoo but you're scared of needles, you might settle for a temporary version.
The word tattoo is also a verb meaning stain the skin using needles and ink. It's probably a good idea to wait until you've been dating someone for more than a week before you tattoo their name on your arm. In music, a tattoo is continuous drumming, and a military tattoo is a drum or bugle that signals soldiers to return to their quarters at the end of the day.
WORD FAMILY
tattoo: tattooed, tattooing, tattoos
USAGE EXAMPLES
The tattoo policy of the US Marine Corps is 32 pages long.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Ms. Pérez identified her son, Mr. Vargas, through a number of tattoos, one on his chest.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
His short sleeves offered glimpses of grim tattoos — a skull resting on an hourglass on his right forearm, among others — common to many grunts.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 文身; 归营鼓; 夜间野外军事演习; 连续有节奏的敲击声
vt. 刺青，刺花纹于（皮肤）上; 在…上有节奏地敲击或轻叩
vi. 作连续有节奏的敲击
时态：tattooed, tattooing, tattoos
分布：文身(100%)
→由 18 世纪英国著名航海家库克船长引入英国，来自太平洋小岛某土著语言，其原义可能为 在脸上打的标记或以示惩罚的记号，后引申词义文身，刺青。比较《水浒传》。
[tə'tu:] /tæt'u:] (plural tattoos)
noun countable
DECORATION 装饰
■a permanent image, pattern or word on the skin which is created by using needles to put colours under the skin 纹身花纹
[tə'tu:] /tæt'u:] (plural tattoos)
noun countable
MILITARY SHOW 军事展示
■an outside show, with several military performances especially of marching and music 军事表演操（尤配以音乐进行）
[tə'tu:] /tæt'u:] (plural tattoos)
verb transitive (tattooed, tattooed)
■to put a tattoo or tattoos on someone or something 纹身；刺花
• He had her name tattooed on his arm. 他让人把她的名字刺在自己的手臂上。

Word: adjacent
Front: adjacent
[əˈdʒeɪsnt] (研六托雅宝 6649/5391 -1)
Vocabulary: adjacent
(once / 732 pages)
adj
Adjacent means close to or near something. You may consider the people up and down your street to be neighbors, but your next-door neighbor is the person who lives in the house or apartment adjacent to yours.
Adjacent can refer to two things that touch each other or have the same wall or border. And the adjective is often followed by the preposition to: Her office is adjacent to mine. This word is from Latin adjacere "to lie near," from the prefix ad- "to" plus jacere "to lie, throw."
WORD FAMILY
adjacent: adjacency, adjacently, nonadjacent+/adjacency: adjacencies
USAGE EXAMPLES
In an adjacent anteroom, there’s a stationary bike, 15-pound weights, a multipurpose fitness tower and a TRX suspension trainer hanging on the door.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The parking lots adjacent to the Rose Bowl open at 4 a.m.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
This year, the excavation of an adjacent settlement preserved in the river silts threw open another window on to life in Bronze Age Britain.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 邻近的，毗邻的; （时间上）紧接着的; 相邻
分布：邻近的(65%)，毗连的(24%)，接近的(11%)
→前缀ad-, 去，往。词根jac, 扔，同project. 扔在旁边的， 相邻的。
邻近的(ad+jacent躺→躺在一起→邻近的)[ad-加在在单词或词根前,表示"做…,加强..."]
邻近的,毗连的[jac=lie(躺)]
a.(to)(时间上)紧接着的;邻近的,毗邻的The suicides in adjacent area are incidental coincidence.邻近区域内的自杀是偶然巧合.
【记】ad朝向，jacent躺，临近－在附近－接近的；adj＝adj 形容词是连词－毗连的
[ə'dʒeɪ.sənt] formal
adjective
 ADVANCED
■very near, next to, or touching 邻近的；毗连的
• They work in adjacent buildings. 他们在相邻的两座楼里工作。
• They lived in a house adjacent to the railway. 他们家住在铁路旁边。
adj. 邻近的，毗连的
 - nearby, neighbor

Word: xenophobia
Front: xenophobia
[ˌzenəˈfəʊbiə] (宝 21750/22506)
Vocabulary: xenophobia
(once / 17155 pages)
n
Getting a job as a greeter with the United Nations is probably not the best career option for someone who suffers from xenophobia, a fear of foreigners or strangers.
Xenophobia has its roots in fear — literally. Phobia comes from the Greek word meaning "fear." Given that the fear in question is of strangers, it makes sense that xeno- comes from the Greek word for — you guessed it — "stranger, foreigner." In the case of xenophobia, the fear is irrational. Someone who is xenophobic might distrust a neighbor he's never met, or a sheikh who lives halfway around the world. Xenophobia is like racism, but instead of fearing or distrusting people because of the color of their skin, you fear or distrust them because of their nationality, or because they are — or seem — foreign to you.
WORD FAMILY
xenophobia: xenophobic
USAGE EXAMPLES
"It's possible, but I think it's sad and ridiculous if that's the case," Bradley, speaking of the possible xenophobia, told a British radio interviewer.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
So “populism” is now overwhelmingly used as a euphemism for a style of politics that plays on xenophobia and hatred of expertise.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
A full-on resistance to an accelerated crisis of autocracy and xenophobia is necessary.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 对外国人的憎恶[恐惧]
分布：仇外(58%)，排外(42%)
→xeno-,外国人，-phobia,仇视，词源同claustrophobia.
憎恨外国人者(xeno外边+phobia)[phob,phobia=dislike,表示"厌恶"]
US [-'foʊ-] noun uncountable
■extreme dislike or fear of foreigners, their customs, their religions, etc. 对外国人（或外国习俗、宗教等）的憎恶（或恐惧）；恐外症，仇外，惧外
n. 仇外；对外国人的畏惧和憎恨
 - zenophobia

Word: contraception
Front: contraception
[ˌkɒntrəˈsepʃn] (12338/10213 -1)
Vocabulary: contraception
(once / 13447 pages)
n
Contraception is birth control, to put it bluntly; the general term for the use of a number of devices or acts that prevent impregnation during intercourse.
The word is formed by mashing together the Latin word contra, meaning "against" and a shortened form of the old French word concepcion, meaning "conception" — in other words: "against conception." Like so many scientific terms it was first coined in the nineteenth century, when the science of birth control was beginning to be seriously considered. Contraceptives — birth control devices — that had been around in cruder forms, began to be mass-produced and eventually socially accepted.
WORD FAMILY
contraception: contraceptions
USAGE EXAMPLES
In January, the latest figures published by the UN showed more women than ever are now using some form of contraception.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
“You put it in and you forget it,” he said, likening it to long-acting forms of contraception.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
While that is unlikely to happen, the program’s provisions for contraception and other services that women disproportionately use will be early and easy targets.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 避孕; 节育
分布：名词(100%)
→contra-, 相对，相反。-ception, 缩写至conception, 孕育。
US [ˌkɑ:n-] noun uncountable
■(the use of) any of various methods intended to prevent a woman becoming pregnant 避孕（法）；节育（法）
• They offer impartial advice on contraception. 他们提供公正客观的避孕建议。
• What is the most reliable form/method of contraception? 最可靠的避孕方式／方法是甚么？
n. [医] 避孕
 - birth control, conception control

Word: closet
Front: closet
[ˈklɒzɪt] (研六雅宝 3473/11999 -K1)
Back: n. 壁橱; 盥洗室; 议事室，密室; 贮藏室
adj. 隐蔽的，暗藏的; 不公开的; 秘密的，私下的; 空谈的
vt. 把…关在房间里; 把…引入内室密谈
时态：closeted, closetting, closets
分布：壁橱(72%)，厕所(7%)，密室(6%)，空谈的(5%)，衣帽间(5%)，隐藏的(2%)，不公开的(2%)，把 ... 关在房间里(1%)
→来自close,关闭，-et,小词后缀。
壁橱;秘室(clos+et小东西→关的小东西→壁橱)[clos,clud,clus=close,表示"关闭"]
n.(壁)橱a.私下的vt.把...引进密室会谈The loser closely enclosed himself in the closet.那个失败者把自己严密地封闭在小室内.
【记】clos＝close关，et小：关在小屋里：密谈
【参】closure（n 关闭；终止＝end＝conclusion）
US ['klɑ:.zɪt] noun countable mainly US
■a cupboard or a small room with a door, used for storing things, especially clothes （尤指放衣服的）壁橱，壁柜，储藏室
• a bedroom/linen/storage closet 卧室壁橱／家庭日用织品柜橱／储藏室
UK ['klɒz.ɪt] US ['klɑ:.zɪt] noun countable mainly US
come out of the closet
■to admit to your family, friends or the public, after a period of secrecy, that you are homosexual 公开同性恋身分
UK ['klɒz.ɪt] US ['klɑ:.zɪt] verb transitive usually passive
■to put yourself in a place, especially a closed space, and stay there 关，藏，封闭
• [R] Two weeks before my exams I closeted my self (away) in my room with my books and I didn't speak to anyone. 考试前两星期，我把自己关在房里读书，不跟任何人说话。
• The President is closeted with (= having a private meeting with) his advisers. 总统与他的顾问在密谈。
UK ['klɒz.ɪt] US ['klɑ:.zɪt] adjective [before noun]
■describes a belief, activity or feeling which is kept secret from the public, usually because you are frightened of the results of it becoming known 私下的，秘密的，不公开的
• a closet alcoholic/homosexual 不愿承认是酗酒者／同性恋的人
• Dole portrayed the president in campaign speeches as a 'closet liberal'. 杜尔在竞选演讲中将总统描绘为“藏而不露的自由主义者”。
n. 壁橱；议事室，密室；小房间
 - storage wall, built-in wardrobe
adj. 秘密的，私下的；空谈的
 - secret, private, underground, theoretic, chamber

Word: eleven
Front: eleven
[ɪˈlevn] (中高 4273/2299 -5)
Back: num. 十一; 十一个; 第十一
n. 十一; 十一个
adj. 十一的; 十一个的
分布：十一(78%)，十一个(18%)，十一的(3%)，十一个一组(1%)
→e, 同one. -lev, 留下，词源同leave, delinquent.即多出一个的，十一，比较twelve.
num.十一pron./a.十一(个,只...)There are eleven members in the team.队里有十一个人.
number
 ESSENTIAL
■the number 11 （数字）11
• nine, ten, eleven, twelve 9， 10， 11， 12
• There are eleven girls in my class and fifteen boys. 我班上有11个女生和15个男生。
[ɪ'lev.ən] noun countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■a team of eleven players 11人球队

Word: inconvenient
Front: inconvenient
[ˌɪnkənˈvi:niənt] (托 13410/11098 -1)
Vocabulary: inconvenient
(once / 425 pages)
adj
Inconvenient things are difficult or annoying to do. If someone asks you to help move a couch on a Saturday when you have tickets to a game, that's an inconvenient request.
If you have to go to the bathroom very badly just as a test is starting, that's inconvenient. If the movie projector breaks in the middle of a movie, that's inconvenient. Other times, things are inconvenient just because they're kind of a pain. It’s inconvenient of your mom to ask you to do chores just as you're ready to go out with friends. Inconvenient things get in the way of what we really want to do.
WORD FAMILY
inconvenient: inconvenience, inconveniently+/ convenience: conveniences/ convenient: convenience, convenienter, convenientest, conveniently, inconvenient / inconvenience: inconvenienced, inconveniences, inconveniencing
USAGE EXAMPLES
That list would be topped by Davis Guggenheim’s An Inconvenient Truth, about Al Gore’s mission to get the planet to wake up to global warming.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
It is also right to speak truth, even when it may be inconvenient, to our closest of allies.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
The inconvenient fact is, actual voter fraud is vanishingly rare in American politics.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 不方便的; 打扰人的，麻烦的; 不便
分布：不方便的(100%)
→in-,不，非，convenient,方便的。
adjective
■causing problems or difficulties 带来不便的
• an inconvenient time/place 不方便的时间／地点
• It will be very inconvenient for me to have no car. 没有车对我来说会很不方便。
[ˌɪn.kən'vi:.ni.ənt] adjective
  Common Learner Errors  inconvenient or inconvenience? Warning: do not confuse the adjective inconvenient with the noun inconvenience :
✗ We apologise for any inconvenient. We apologise for any inconvenience.
adj. 不便的；打扰的
 - disadvantageous, intrusive

Word: preferably
Front: preferably
['prefrəblɪ] (9307/6353)
Vocabulary: preferably
(once / 3703 pages)
adv
The adverb preferably refers to the most desirable choice. You could say you were looking for a new car, preferably a hybrid. That means that a hybrid is the kind of car you would choose over any other kind.
As preferably is the adverb form of the word "prefer," we can find its roots in the Latin praeferre, which means "to set before." When you use preferably you're saying you'd set that choice before all others, though you might accept something else. Musician David Byrne once said, "I wanted to be a secret agent and an astronaut, preferably at the same time."
WORD FAMILY
preferable: preferably +/ prefer: preferable, preference, prefering, preferment, preferred, preferring, prefers/ preference: preferences, preferential / preferential: preferentially/preferment: preferments/ preferred: preferredly
USAGE EXAMPLES
"If this is a new 'fashion' we must be prepared for it and preferably prevent such things from starting," she wrote.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Only after completing this ritual would we consider a movie, preferably something loud and empty.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Slice the fennel lengthwise very thinly, preferably with a mandolin.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adv. 更可取地，更好地，宁可
分布：宁可(44%)，宁愿(28%)，更好地(28%)
US [-ɚ.ə-] adverb
 ADVANCED
■if possible 可能的话；更可取地，更好地
• Water the plants twice a week, preferably in the morning. 这些植物每周浇两次水，最好是在早晨。
adv. 较好；宁可，宁愿；更适宜
 - soon, rather, first

Word: prune
Front: prune
[pru:n] (托宝 14230/11960 -2)
Vocabulary: prune
(once / 1344 pages)
1v 2n
To prune means to clip, crop, cut back, and weed out. Pruning usually happens to overgrown trees and bushes, but can also be helpful for wild eyebrows and guest lists that are too long.
You may have also heard of another form of prune: the kind you eat. But other than dried plums, the word is generally used in verb form to describe giving something a much needed trim. Gardeners prune plants, cutting back dead branches and weak parts so they can thrive and grow better. Companies prune budgets to cut back on unnecessary spending. And you might need to prune your baseball hat collection if you're running out of places to put them.
WORD FAMILY
prune: pruned, pruner, prunes, pruning+/pruner: pruners/pruning: prunings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Fetch a branch from the garden; apple tree prunings and stems of Japanese quince work well, but anything will do.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
Often, they are pruned to within an inch of their lives to fit under phone lines or to avoid streetlights.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
This type of pruning also happens during adolescence.
Time(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: vi. 删除; 减少
vt. 修剪（树木等）; 删除; 剪去; 精简某事物，除去某事物多余的部分
n. 西梅脯，西梅干; 深紫红色; 傻瓜; 〈美〉没趣的人，讨厌的人
时态：pruned, pruning, prunes
分布：修剪(65%)，削减(21%)，洋李脯(7%)，梅干(7%)
→来自拉丁语pruna,李子，来自希腊语proumnon,李子。prune 修剪树枝，裁剪，精减
【记】中间有一个run，跑过去吃梅干，记住还有修剪的意思。
verb transitive
■to cut off branches from a tree, bush or plant, especially so that it will grow better in future 修剪（树枝）
• She spent the afternoon pruning roses. 她用下午的时间修剪了玫瑰。
■to reduce something by removing things which are not necessary 删除，删节
• Arco has reacted to the loss in revenue by pruning (back) its expansion plans. 恒高公司缩减其扩张计划以应付收益亏损。
• I felt his essay needed a little pruning. 我认为他的文章需要稍作删改。
[pru:n] noun countable
■a dried plum 西梅干，洋李干
vi. 删除；减少
 - delete from, to cut down
vt. 修剪；删除；剪去
 - shear, crop
n. 深紫红色；傻瓜；李子干
 - stupid, fool

Word: robe
Front: robe
[rəʊb] (研四六宝 5241/6678 -1)
Vocabulary: robe
(once / 230 pages)
nv
A robe is a loose piece of clothing that you might wear over your pajamas or put on when you get out of the shower. Most robes tie around the waist with a fabric belt.
There are dressier types of robes as well, like the ceremonial robes a judge wears in a courtroom or the elegant robes worn by a queen on a formal occasion. You can also use robe a verb, meaning "to dress or clothe," or literally "to put on a robe." Robe shares a Germanic root with rob, most likely from the idea that robbers would "take garments from the enemy as spoils or booty."
WORD FAMILY
robe: disrobe, enrobe, robed, robes, robing+/ disrobe: disrobed, disrobes, disrobing/enrobe: enrobed, enrobes, enrobing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The choir in the 300 level loft is robed in matching apparel.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
William Rehnquist used to drop off his dry cleaning, too, although not his Supreme Court robes, said Amy, 57.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Bruce Beresford’s remarkable adaptation of Brian Moore’s novel Black Robe depicts an uneasy alliance between early colonists and the Algonquian people.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 礼服; 法衣; 睡袍; 长袍
vt. & vi. （使）穿上长袍（或浴衣等）; 覆盖、穿上
时态：robed, robing, robes
分布：长袍(100%)
→词源同 rob,抢劫。代称，因过去衣服，特别是袍子是重要的战利品。
n.长袍,上衣Many Arabs wear robes.许多阿拉伯人穿长袍.
【记】rob（v 抢劫）robe。
US [roʊb] noun countable
■a long, loose piece of clothing worn especially on very formal occasions 长袍，罩袍；（尤指特别正式场合穿的）袍服，礼袍
• Judges wear black robes when they are in court. 法官在法庭上都身穿黑袍。
■(also bathrobe) mainly US
■a loose piece of clothing which is worn before or after a bath or on top of clothing that is worn in bed 浴衣；睡袍
• He wrapped a robe around himself before answering the door. 他裹了件浴衣过来开门。
uniform, clothing, clothes, dress, garment, suit, costume, gown, robe, coat
这组词都有“衣服、服装”的意思，其区别是：
uniform: 指某团体或组织统一做的制服，如军服、校服等。
clothing: 常用词，集合名词，是衣服的总称。
clothes: 普通用词，多指包括上衣、内衣或裤子等具体的一件件衣服。
dress: 多指正式场合或为某些特定用途而穿的服装，也指童装或女性穿的连衣裙。
garment: 语气庄重，正式用词，复数形式可与clothes换用，指身上全部穿着。单数形式指单件衣服，尤指长袍、外套等外面的衣服。
suit: 指一套服装，一般有几件配成一套的套装。
costume: 指流行某一地区或某一时代的服装，也指演员的戏装。
gown: 指女人穿的长服，尤指教士、法官、教授等的礼服或妇女的睡衣等，也指长袍。
robe: 指长袍，也指浴衣、晨衣。
coat: 指上衣、外衣、大衣、外套及女式上装。
n. 长袍，礼服；制服
 - uniform, cope

Word: triumphant
Front: triumphant
[traɪˈʌmfənt] (六 10088/8646 -1)
Vocabulary: triumphant
(once / 301 pages)
adj
If you're triumphant, you're proud of a huge success, like your triumphant victory at your ping-pong tournament.
Winning an honor or a competition means that you're triumphant. The joy you feel about your win is called described as triumphant. You might flash a triumphant smile at the audience during the curtain call after your excellent performance in the school play. Triumphant comes from the Latin word triumphus, which means triumph, but also describes a procession for a victorious general or admiral.
WORD FAMILY
triumphant: triumphantest, triumphantly+/ triumph: triumphal, triumphant, triumphed, triumphing, triumphs/triumphal: triumphally
USAGE EXAMPLES
Perhaps the best snapshot of Cleveland’s triumphant year was James wearing a “Cleveland Or Nowhere” T-shirt while cheering for the Indians during the World Series.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
It all looks so different from the triumphant panorama presented more than two decades ago when the European Union was expanding.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Aspects of the music that seem catastrophic acquire a triumphant tinge.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 成功的; 得意洋洋的; 欢欣鼓舞的; 凯
分布：胜利的(75%)，得意洋洋的(25%)
→triumph,胜利，-ant,形容词后缀。
adjective
■having achieved a great victory (= winning a war or competition) or success, or feeling very happy and proud because of such an achievement 取得巨大成功的；欢欣鼓舞的；洋洋得意的
• It seemed as though the whole city had turned out for their team's triumphant homecoming. 几乎全城的人都出来欢迎自己的队伍凯旋归来。
• She emerged triumphant from the court after all the charges against her were dropped because of a lack of evidence. 对她的所有指控因证据不足被撤销后，她扬眉吐气地走出了法庭。
• She made a triumphant return to the stage after several years working in television. 在电视行业工作了几年以后，她意气风发地重返舞台。
adj. 成功的；得意洋洋的；狂欢的
 - successful, made

Word: seminar
Front: seminar
[ˈsemɪnɑ:(r)] (研四六雅 4862/3726 -2)
Vocabulary: seminar
(once / 4486 pages)
n
A seminar means a class or meeting, but it carries with it extra weight. An educational seminar indicates a small, advanced study, while a meeting labeled as such means an intense exchange of ideas.
The Latin seminarium originally referred to a plant nursery, a place of great growth. From this came the German seminar, referring to a formal educational group led by a professor. While university seminars are most frequently small-group studies of a particular issue, the word is also applied to large lectures and commercial pitches. Like the seminar you attended on how to get rich by selling carrot peelers to your neighbors.
WORD FAMILY
seminar: seminars
USAGE EXAMPLES
The seminar, which will start at 1 p.m.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Government is not an economics seminar, however—it’s the real world.
Time(Dec 22, 2016)
He agreed last month to pay $25 million to settle years-old fraud lawsuits aimed at his Trump University seminar series.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 研讨班，讲习会; 研讨小组; 研讨会; 培训会
分布：研讨会(100%)
→来自德语 Seminar,研讨会，讨论会，来自拉丁语 seminarium,育种室，来自 semen,种子，-arium, 表地方。
n.(大学的)研究班,研讨会The thermal therapy terminated after the terminal germ seminar.热疗在期末细菌研讨会后终止了.
US [-nɑ:r] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■an occasion when a teacher or expert and a group of people meet to study and discuss something 专题讨论会；研讨会
• I attended practically every lecture and seminar when I was a student. 我上学的时候，几乎参加了每一场讲座和研讨会。
• I'm giving a seminar on the latest developments in genetic engineering next week. 下周我将举行一个有关遗传工程最新进展的研讨会。
• a seminar room 会议室
Compare lecture
n. 讨论会，研讨班
 - forum, consultation, symposium

Word: redistrict
Front: redistrict
[ˌri:ˈdɪstrɪkt] None
Back: vt. 重新区分，更改选举区
分布：重新区分(60%)，更改选举区(40%)
→re-,再，重新，district,划区。

Word: yearning
Front: yearning
[ˈjɜ:nɪŋ] (12302/15023)
Vocabulary: yearning
(once / 784 pages)
n
A yearning is a strong desire. If you have a yearning to travel in Africa, it means that you dream about it and intensely hope that one day you'll end up there.
A strong longing for something is a yearning for it. If you have a yearning for ice cream, it probably means that you've gone a long time without any and are almost desperate to taste some. The Old English root of the words yearn and yearning is georn, which means "eager or desirous."
WORD FAMILY
yearning: yearnings+/ yearn: yearned, yearner, yearning, yearns/yearner: yearners
USAGE EXAMPLES
The frenzied “media,” and worn-out hospitality staffs and political party gurus yearning to be free.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The Pope dedicated his message to “all peoples, especially those scarred by war and harsh conflicts that seem stronger than the yearning for peace.”
Time(Dec 25, 2016)
“Deep in the bones of the state is a yearning to be a strong economic entity,” Guillory said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 思念，渴望
adj. 思念的，渴望的
v. 渴望，切盼，向往( yearn的现在分词 )
分布：渴望(79%)，渴望的(9%)，思慕(5%)，怀念的(5%)，动词yearn的现在分词.(2%)
US ['jɝ:-] noun countable or uncountable
■a strong feeling of wishing for something, especially something that you cannot have or get easily 渴望，期盼，渴求
• I suppose it's because I live in a city that I have this yearning for open spaces. 我想是因为我居住在城市里，所以才会如此渴望开阔的空间。
adj. 向往的；渴望的；怀念的
 - eager, hungry, desired, anxious, sick
n. 渴望；怀念；同情
 - feeling, aspiration, compassion, sympathy
v. 渴望；向往；想念（yearn的ing形式）
 - missing, longing

Word: ascent
Front: ascent
[əˈsent] (托雅 10299/8121 -1)
Vocabulary: ascent
(once / 673 pages)
n
If you are moving in an upward direction, that's an ascent, like your quick ascent from new group member last year to president this year.
An ascent, which comes from the Latin word ascendere, meaning "to climb up," is just that: a climb. An ascent can be physical, like an elevator's journey to the top floor, an airplane's upward motion, or your hike up a mountain. Ascent can also be a figurative climb, like a restaurant's dishwasher's whose hard work made his ascent to executive chef possible.
WORD FAMILY
ascent: ascents
USAGE EXAMPLES
Those few years may be the only wrinkle in his otherwise smooth ascent.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
From there, the show traces the sneaker’s ascent; its role in sports, hip-hop and men’s style; and its evolving technology and breakthroughs.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
All Jokes Aside, the latest in a string of strong releases, continues her ascent with even-keel performances.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 上升; 登高; 上坡; 追溯
分布：提升(58%)，上升(33%)，上坡路(7%)，晋升(2%)
noun
CLIMB 爬
countable usually singular
■when someone or something climbs or moves upwards 上升；攀登
• She made her first successful ascent of Everest last year. 她去年第一次成功攀登了珠穆朗玛峰。
• As the plane made its ascent, we saw thick smoke coming from one engine. 飞机上升时，我们看到一个引擎中冒出了浓烟。
[ə'sent] noun
SLOPE 斜坡
countable
■a slope, path or road that goes up something 向上的斜坡／小径／道路
• We struggled up the slippery ascent. 那段上坡路很滑，我们吃力地向上走。
[ə'sent] noun
IMPORTANCE 重要
only singular formal
■when someone starts to become successful 腾达；成功；高升
• His ascent to power was rapid and unexpected. 他出乎意料地平步青云。
n. 上升； [公路] 上坡路；登高
 - rise, upgrade, raise

Word: deception
Front: deception
[dɪˈsepʃn] (托宝 8186/7049 -1)
Vocabulary: deception
(once / 868 pages)
n
Deception is a trick or scheme used to get what you want, like the deception you used to get your sister to agree to do all your chores for a month.
Deception occurs when you deceive, a word that comes from the Latin de- meaning "from" and capere, meaning "to take." When you deceive someone, the result may be taking — like items you don't really need from people willing to give them, believing they are helping you. You may have heard the phrase "take someone for a ride." That's a way of describing deception.
WORD FAMILY
deception: deceptions, self-deception+/ deceive: deceived, deceiver, deceives, deceiving, deception, deceptive, undeceive/deceiver: deceivers/deceiving: deceivingly/ deceptive: deceptively, deceptiveness/undeceive: undeceived, undeceives, undeceiving
USAGE EXAMPLES
Attuned to the deception, U.S. immigration officials put Chinese arrivals through a formidable inquisition to ensure they were who they claimed to be.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
“He talks about what he calls fighting a war without fighting a war—use of information, social media, disinformation, deception,” Gen. Neller said.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
Attuned to the deception, United States immigration officials put Chinese arrivals through a formidable inquisition to ensure they were who they claimed to be.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 瞒骗，欺诈; 骗局
分布：欺诈(37%)，诡计(33%)，骗局(30%)
→de-, 向下，离开。-cept, 拿，握，词源同capable, accept, deceit. 引申义拿走，欺骗。
noun countable or uncountable
 ADVANCED
■when people hide the truth, especially to get an advantage 欺骗；欺诈；隐瞒
• He was found guilty of obtaining money by deception. 他骗取钱财的罪名被判成立。
deception, fraud, deceit
这组词都有“欺骗”的意思，其区别是：
deception: 语气较弱，一般用词，侧重于具体的骗人行为。但有时并无欺骗行为，只是玩弄把戏，故弄玄虚而已。
fraud: 一般用于犯罪行为的欺骗，通常指政治或经济活动中的舞弊行为。
deceit: 指歪曲实情，惯于说谎或蓄意欺骗。
n. 欺骗，欺诈；骗术
 - fraud, confidence game

Word: covenant
Front: covenant
[ˈkʌvənənt] (宝 11267/4657 -1)
Vocabulary: covenant
(once / 413 pages)
nv
A covenant is an agreement between two people, or companies, or even countries. It is formal, solemn, sometimes even sacred.
There are some places where you'll hear covenant get used. It's a little old fashioned and formal, but marriage is often referred to as a covenant. The most famous covenant appears in The Bible — God tells a shepherd named Abraham to follow God's instructions in exchange for making Abraham's descendants as numerous as the stars in the sky.
WORD FAMILY
covenant: covenanted, covenanting, covenants
USAGE EXAMPLES
Still, a faint siren stirs inside of Couch Slouch that something is amiss when student-athletes renege on their part of the covenant.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Alien: Covenant A new planet and new dangers for Ridley Scott’s space franchise.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
For commercial loans, the OCC found looser standards in pricing, guarantor requirements, and loan covenants.
Reuters(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 协议，协定; 盖印合同; [法律]契约条款; [宗教]誓约
vi. 立约，立誓; 订立盟约; 订立契约
vt. 立约承诺; 缔结盟约; 订协定
时态：covenanted, covenanting, covenants
分布：契约(49%)，盟约(48%)，立书保证(3%)
→co-, 强调。-ven, 来，词源同venue,convene(开会)。即召集开会后形成的协议，条约。
协议,契约(co共同+ven+ant→共同走来→协议)[ven,vent=come,表示"来"]
【源】在《圣经》中原指上帝对人类的承诺
【记】co共同，ven来，ant蚂蚁－一堆蚂蚁来到一起立契约coven＝cave，ant：一堆蚂蚁在山洞里，立契约（互不侵犯）
noun countable
■a formal agreement between two or more people; a promise 盟约；契约；协定；承诺
• The contract contained a restrictive covenant against building on the land. 该合同包含严格限制在该地块建筑施工的承诺条款。
UK specialized
■a formal agreement to pay a fixed sum of money regularly, especially to a charity （尤指定期向慈善机构捐款的）合同，约定
n. 契约，盟约；圣约；盖印合同
 - compact, agreement.

Word: catholicism

Word: divergence
Front: divergence
[daɪ'vɜ:dʒəns] (托 14673/12172)
Vocabulary: divergence
(once / 3421 pages)
1n 2n
The point where two things split off from each other is called a divergence. When you're walking in the woods and face a divergence in the path, you have to make a choice about which way to go.
A divergence doesn't have to be a physical split — it can also be a philosophical division. The divergence of opinion between a school board and a group of parents might cause such a heated argument that the students at the meeting are obviously better behaved than the adults. Divergence can also mean a deviation from standards or norms, like the divergence between your state's smoking laws and those of your neighboring states.
WORD FAMILY
divergence: divergences+/ diverge: diverged, divergency, divergent, diverges, diverging/divergency: divergencies/ divergent: divergence, divergently/diverging: divergingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Yet the divergence of views between MPs and constituents is most striking for Labour.
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
The gene family results from TreeFam pipeline and the estimated divergence time between species were used as inputs.
Nature(Dec 13, 2016)
“Divergence can’t get too wide without the dollar getting too strong,” he said, adding that will slow upward movement on U.S. rates.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 分叉; 分歧; 背离; 离题
分布：分歧(80%)，背离(20%)
US [dɪ'vɝ:-] noun countable or uncountable
■when two things become different 出现差异；发生分歧
• The divergence between the incomes of the rich and the poor countries seems to be increasing. 富国与穷国之间的收入差距似乎正在拉大。
• Recently published figures show a divergence from previous trends. 最近发布的数字与先前呈现的趋势大相径庭。
n. 分歧
 - variance, bifurcation, gulf

Word: envelope
Front: envelope
[ˈenvələʊp] (高研四六 3879/3672 -K2)
Vocabulary: envelope
(once / 423 pages)
1n 2n 3n
An envelope is something that envelops, or wraps around. It usually refers to the thing you stick a stamp on and snail mail.
In the early 1700s, envelope, the noun for "wrapper," evolved from the French enveloppe, meaning “to envelop.” Envelope is always a noun, unlike the verb envelop which means “to wrap, cloak.” Synonyms for envelope range from casing and enclosure to pouch and sheath. Virginia Woolf said, “Life is a luminous halo, a semi-transparent envelope surrounding us from the beginning.” She ditched hers by walking into a river with her pockets full of rocks.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
envelop / envelope
To envelop is to surround something completely. But an envelope is a piece of paper you put your love note in and lick to seal. With enVElop, the accent is on the second syllable, while with ENvelope, the accent is on the first.
Envelop means to wrap around something completely, to surround, either literally or figuratively. Fog can envelop a city, but love might also envelop a person's mind. Here are some envelops in the wild:
Gradually this veil spread inland and quietly enveloped all things on shore. (Lillian Elizabeth Roy)
Kenya had been enveloped in violence following the contested presidential elections in December 2007. (Forbes)
An envelope is a flat piece of paper used to enclose — or envelop — documents. To push the envelope means to approach the limits of something. You might hear the envelope, please when you're waiting to find out who won an Oscar. Here are some envelopes waiting to be opened:
Related links in NPG Funding models can push the envelope, but at what cost? (Nature)
Mr. Warner drew the letter from its envelope, began casually running through it. (Inez Haynes Gillmore)
When love envelops your brain, you might forget to seal the envelope for your mushy letter. If it falls out for all to see, embarrassment might envelop you!
WORD FAMILY
envelope: envelopes
USAGE EXAMPLES
In late December, Girmay received an envelope from the Swedish Migration Agency.
Reuters(Dec 30, 2016)
The menu arrives in a sealed parchmentlike envelope, like a royal edict.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Under North Carolina law, that’s appropriate and requires two witnesses to sign the absentee-ballot envelope.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 信封，封皮; 壳层，外壳; 包裹物; [生物学]膜，包袋
分布：信封(96%)，封袋(2%)，壳层(2%)
→来自envelop,包围，围住。
n.信封,信皮;封套The sloped envelope indicates the development velocity of printing.那个倾斜的信封显示了印刷的发展速度.
【记】envelop（vt 遮盖；包围n 包裹；信封）
US ['ɑ:n.və.loʊp] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a flat, usually square or rectangular, paper container for a letter 信封
UK ['en.və.ləʊp] US ['ɑ:n.və.loʊp] noun countable
on the back of an envelope
■in a hurried way, without much detail 匆忙地；粗略地
• The prices were very roughly calculated - it looked as though he'd done them on the back of an envelope. 计算出来的价格不很精确——看起来似乎他只是粗略算了一下。
n. 信封，封皮；包膜； [天] 包层；包迹
 - cover, involucrum

Word: edging
Front: edging
[ˈedʒɪŋ] (23241/21544)
Back: n. 边饰; 缘饰; 边缘; 流苏
分布：边缘(84%)，边饰(16%)
noun countable or uncountable
■something which is put around the outside of something, usually to decorate it （通常指装饰用的）镶边，饰边，边缘
• a tablecloth with (a) dark edging 镶有暗色饰边的桌布
n. 边缘； [服装] 边饰
 - margin, brink, suburb

Word: inexperienced
Front: inexperienced
[ˌɪnɪkˈspɪəriənst] (10631/8557)
Back: adj. 无经验的; 不熟练的; 陌生; 不经事
分布：无经验的(73%)，不熟练的(27%)
US [-'spɪr.i-] adjective
■having little knowledge or experience 缺乏经验的，不熟练的
• They are young inexperienced parents and need support. 他们是缺乏经验的年轻父母，需要得到帮助。
adj. 无经验的；不熟练的
 - fresh, raw

Word: graze
Front: graze
[greɪz] (研六托雅宝 7524/7059 -2)
Vocabulary: graze
(once / 687 pages)
1vn 2vn
Cows graze on grass, and people graze on snacks and finger foods. Graze can also mean to scrape, like when you graze your elbow after falling off your bike.
Graze means "to feed on grass" as sheep, horses, cows, do in a meadow — they eat a little at a time, but constantly. People sometimes graze too, munching on small snacks all day long instead of having a real meal. It also means “to touch lightly,” like when I pitch a baseball to you — and I accidentally hit your arm. With luck, the ball only grazed you, meaning you aren't hurt at all.
WORD FAMILY
graze: grazed, grazes, grazier, grazing+/grazier: graziers/grazing: grazings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Family matriarch Carol Bundy is expressing fear that the government will ban grazing in the Gold Butte area — although the U.S.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Family matriarch Carol Bundy is expressing fear that the government will ban grazing in the Gold Butte area - although the U.S.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Another person told Martinez about a herd of deer grazing on the side of a road.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: vt. &vi. 放牧; （让动物）吃草; 轻擦，擦破
vt. 擦过，掠过
n. 放牧; 擦伤
时态：grazed, grazing, grazes
分布：放牧(61%)，擦伤(26%)，轻擦(13%)
→来自grass, 草。字母s,z 音变。
vi.吃青草vt.放牧;擦伤;掠过.n.擦伤(处)The cattle were grazing in the field.牛在原野上吃青草.
【记】源于：grass（n 草）；raze（v 夷为平地）羊graze就会raze
【区】glaze（v 装玻璃；上釉彩）源于glass
verb
SURFACE 表面
transitive
■to break the surface of the skin by rubbing against something rough 擦伤，擦破（皮肤）
• He fell down and grazed his knee. 他摔倒时擦伤了膝盖。
• He was lucky, the bullet just grazed his leg. 他很幸运，子弹只是擦伤了他的腿。
transitive
■If an object grazes something, it touches its surface lightly when it passes it 擦过；掠过；蹭
• The aircraft's landing gear grazed the treetops as it landed. 飞机在降落时，起落架掠过树梢。
[greɪz] verb
FOOD 食物
intransitive or transitive
■to (cause animals to) eat grass 放牛；放羊；放牧；吃草
• The cows were grazing. 乳牛在吃草。
• The farmer grazes cattle on this land in the summer months. 农夫夏季在这块地上放牛。
intransitive informal
■to eat small amounts of food many times during the day instead of sitting down to eat meals at particular times 经常吃零食而不吃正餐；吃很多零食
• No dinner for me, thanks - I've been grazing all day. 多谢，不用做我的晚饭——我整天都在吃零食。
[greɪz] noun countable
■an injury on the surface of your skin caused by rubbing it against something rough 擦伤，擦破（皮肤）
• Her legs were covered with cuts and grazes. 她腿上满是割伤的伤口和蹭伤。
graze, nourish, feed
这组词都有“提供所需食物，喂养”的意思，其区别是：
graze: 侧重指用正在生长的青草喂养牲畜。
nourish: 指提供生长、健康或维持生存所必需的食物或养料，尤指用营养品促进生长。
feed: 普通用词，含义广泛。既可指给人或动物提供食物，又可指给植物以养料或为机器等加燃料等。
vt. 放牧；擦伤
 - grass, feed, raw, range
vi. 吃草；擦伤
 - brush burn
n. 放牧；轻擦
 - pasturage

Word: landmine
Front: landmine
[ˈlændmaɪn] (28502/36576)
Back: n. 地雷，投伞水雷
分布：地雷(100%)
→land,土地，mine,雷。
['lænd.maɪn] (also mine)
noun countable
■a bomb which is put on or under the ground and explodes when a person steps on it or a vehicle drives over it 地雷
n. 地雷（等于land mine）
 - mine

Word: intrusion
Front: intrusion
[ɪnˈtru:ʒn] (托 8731/7694 -1)
Vocabulary: intrusion
(once / 1288 pages)
1n 2n
An intrusion is a deliberate move into someone else's territory — either literal or figurative. When your sister interrupts your conversation with that girl from math class, that's an intrusion. If someone breaks into your home, that's also an intrusion.
First used in the late 14th century, the noun intrusion derives from the Latin word intrudere, which combines the prefix in-, meaning "in," and trudere, meaning "to thrust, push." If someone reads your diary, that's considered an intrusion of privacy. Ordering a Muslim woman to take off her veil would be considered an intrusion on religious beliefs. You may remember intrusion used in science class to describe molten rock that forms in an earlier rock formation.
WORD FAMILY
intrusion: intrusions+/ intrude: intruded, intruder, intrudes, intruding, intrusion, intrusive / intruder: intruders/ intrusive: intrusively, intrusiveness, unintrusive/unintrusive: unintrusively
USAGE EXAMPLES
The report provides clues for cybersecurity workers in the private sector to identify compromised systems and prevent more intrusions.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
But former U.S. officials say the existing measures leave Washington plenty of room to slap new, tougher sanction on Russia in response to cyber intrusions.
Reuters(Dec 28, 2016)
All three are being charged with multiple counts of securities fraud, insider trading, computer intrusion and other offenses.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 闯入; 打扰; （对某事的）干扰; 干涉
分布：闯入(59%)，侵扰(41%)
→来自intrude,侵入，侵犯。
侵入;干涉(in+trus+ion)[trud,trus=push,表示"推"]
noun countable or uncountable
■when someone goes into a place or situation where they are not wanted or expected to be 闯入；侵入
• They complained about excessive government intrusion (= unwanted involvement) into their legitimate activities. 他们抱怨政府过多地侵扰他们的合法活动。
• His phone call was a welcome intrusion into an otherwise tedious morning. 他突然来电一点也不令人反感，假若没有这个电话，整个上午会很沉闷。
n. [地质] 侵入；闯入
 - penetration, effraction

Word: infringement
Front: infringement
[ɪn'frɪndʒmənt] (15636/8968)
Vocabulary: infringement
(once / 2531 pages)
n
An infringement is a minor offense that involves breaking a rule or a law. If your sister takes a chapter from your book and publishes it as her own, you could sue her for copyright infringement.
An infringement can result in legal penalties if you’re breaking a law, as in the case of a copyright infringement or a patent infringement. An infringement can also be a violation of a rule or an agreement that applies in a specific situation. In that case there are no legal consequences, but there are still penalties. If the referee sees an infringement of the rules during your soccer game, he’ll penalize your team by awarding your opponents a free kick.
WORD FAMILY
infringement: infringements+/ infringe: infringed, infringement, infringes, infringing
USAGE EXAMPLES
These include such evils as copyright infringement, cybercrime, the invasion of privacy, hate speech, espionage—and perhaps cyberwar.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
"Plaintiff will suffer immediate and irreparable injury, loss, or damage" unless the infringements are stopped, according to the complaint filed in the U.S.
Reuters(Dec 29, 2016)
The founders wisely vested an independent judiciary with the responsibility of upholding the fundamental liberties of citizens against infringement by the other branches.
Salon(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 侵权; 违反; 违背
分布：侵犯(85%)，违反(14%)，驳斥(1%)
noun countable or uncountable
■an action that breaks a rule, law, etc 违反，违背（规定、法律等）
• copyright infringement 侵犯版权
• Even minor infringements of the law will be severely punished. 即使是轻微的违法行为也将受到严厉的惩罚。
n. 侵犯；违反
 - violence, invasion, breach

Word: realisation

Word: readable
Front: readable
[ˈri:dəbl] (17246/12115 -1)
Vocabulary: readable
(once / 1796 pages)
adj
Readable things can be understood, interpreted, or read fairly easily. A readable restaurant menu has print that's large and clear enough for diners to make it out.
Whether or not something's readable is particularly important when you're conveying emergency instructions (like a sign showing how to help someone who's choking) or advertising something (customers can't find your store if they can't read the address in your advertisement). Another way to define readable is "fun and easy to read." Your favorite books, for example, might be fast-paced, readable mysteries.
WORD FAMILY
readable: readability, readably+/ misread: misreading, misreads/misreading: misreadings/nonreader: nonreaders/ read: misread, readable, reader, reading, reads, reread, unread/ reader: nonreader, readers, readership / readership: readerships/ reading: readings/ reread: rereading, rereads/unread: unreadable/unreadable: unreadably
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s not possible to identify the model of your range from the picture you sent, but the brand, Frigidaire, is readable.
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
It’s compulsively readable, too, with descriptions of feats of physical daring to stop your heart.
The New Yorker(Dec 13, 2016)
Machine readable super-scaffolding data and the computer source code for the removal of repeated edges are supplied as source data files.
Nature(Nov 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 易读的; 易懂的
分布：可读的(66%)，易读的(30%)，值得一读的(4%)
adjective
■easy and enjoyable to read 易懂的；读起来有趣的；可读性强的
• It is an excellent and highly readable account of the army today. 它精彩地描述了现代军队的情况，可读性很强。
adj. 可读的；易读的；读起来津津有味的
 - legible

Word: pleading
Front: pleading
[ˈpli:dɪŋ] (20010/14923 -1)
Back: n. 恳求，请求; 辩论，辩护; [法]诉状; 诉讼程序
adj. 恳求的，请求的
v. 恳求，请求(plead的现在分词); 抗辩，答辩; 恳求，请求
分布：恳求(96%)，动词plead的现在分词形式.(4%)
n. 恳求； [法] 答辩；辩论，诉状
 - defence, prayer, suit, reply, debate
adj. 恳求的
 - supplicatory, precative

Word: sift
Front: sift
[sɪft] (六宝 7955/11183 -1)
Vocabulary: sift
(once / 936 pages)
v
To bake a cake, you sift the flour to get out the lumps. When you sift, you separate out one thing from another.
When you sort through the mail looking for the bills or go through your photos to find that shot of your dog, that’s sifting, too. Detectives sift through piles of evidence when investigating crimes, and you might sift through the hundred applications you get from drummers eager to join your band, to find Ms. Right. When you're at the beach, you can sift sand through your fingers, and you might see big machines that sift the sand to clean it.
WORD FAMILY
sift: sifted, sifter, sifting, sifts+/sifter: sifters/sifting: siftings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Trump, 70, rarely uses a computer and sifts through stacks of newspapers, magazines and printed articles to read the news.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The team once spent three weeks sifting through prepaid-phone records, fake email accounts and inconclusive social media searches to track down a 13-year-old girl.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
In his campaign against this food additive, Taubes sifts through centuries’ worth of data pertinent to the subject.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 筛分; 精选; 撒; 审查
vi. 筛; 细查
时态：sifted, sifting, sifts
分布：筛分(68%)，详察(16%)，筛下(16%)
→来自古英语 siftan,筛出，来自 Proto-Germanic*sib,筛，词源同 sieve,seep.引申比喻义筛选，检 查等。
verb transitive
SEPARATE 分离
■to put flour, sugar, etc. through a sieve (= wire net shaped like a bowl) to break up large pieces 筛（面粉、糖等）
• When the cake is cooked, sift some icing sugar over the top of it. 蛋糕做好后，在上面筛上一些糖粉。
[sɪft] verb transitive
EXAMINE 检查
■to make a close examination of all the parts of something in order to find something or to separate what is useful from what is not 仔细检查；筛查
• The police are sifting the evidence very carefully to try and find the guilty person. 员警正在非常仔细地检查证据，试图找出那个罪犯。
• After my father's death, I had to sift through all his papers. 父亲去世后，我必须查看整理他的所有档。
• The police are trying to sift out the genuine warnings from all the hoax calls they have received. 警方试图从他们接到的各种恶作剧电话中分辨出真正的报案电话。
vt. 筛选；撒；过滤；详查
 - dust, filter
vi. 筛；详查；撒下；细究
 - detail survey

Word: renegotiate
Front: renegotiate
[ˌri:nɪ'gəʊʃi:eɪt] (15650/19172)
Back: vt. 重新谈判
时态：renegotiated, renegotiating, renegotiates
分布：重新谈判(100%)

Word: seabed
Front: seabed
[ˈsi:bed] (托 23334/23196)
Back: n. 海底，海床
分布：海底(59%)，海床(41%)
n. 海底；海床
 - sea bottom, benthos

Word: starvation
Front: starvation
[stɑ:ˈveɪʃn] (高四托 9590/8598 -2)
Back: n. 挨饿; 饥饿; 饿死; 绝食
分布：饥饿(75%)，饿死(25%)
→来自 starve,使挨饿，饥饿，-ation,名词后缀。
饥饿(starve使饿死)[-ation表名词"行为,过程,结果"]
US [stɑ:r-] noun uncountable
■the state of having no food for a long period, often causing death （常造成死亡的）饥饿，挨饿
• Twenty million people face starvation unless a vast emergency aid programme is launched. 若不启动大型紧急援助专案计划，两千万人将有饿死的危险。
• The animals had died of starvation. 这些动物饿死了。
• figurative They pay starvation wages (= not enough money to live on). 他们付的工钱极少，不够维持基本生活。
hunger, famine, starvation
这组词都有“饥饿”的意思，其区别是：
hunger: 普通用词，指人体对于食物迫切需要的正常生理现象。
famine: 指因天灾人祸而引起大规模饥荒；用作引申，指严重缺乏某种物资或人力。
starvation: 语气比hunger强得多。指因长期缺乏食物所造成的痛苦，甚至死亡，侧重人为的灾难所致。
n. 饿死；挨饿；绝食
 - fast, apastia

Word: vengeance
Front: vengeance
[ˈvendʒəns] (六雅宝 8569/9690 -1)
Vocabulary: vengeance
(once / 292 pages)
n
If someone hurts you, you might be inspired to plan an act of vengeance: some type of payback in order to settle the score. Be careful, though, because you might inspire someone to take vengeance on you in return.
Vengeance is a downward spiral of pain and betrayal, one person hurting another, who hurts another, and so on. You might demand vengeance if your brother throws your favorite jeans into a tree, and your brother might feel the same way after you spit gum in his hair. The phrase “with a vengeance” means to do something with a lot of intensity. Vengeance shares roots with the word revenge, and someone who wants revenge usually pursues it with a vengeance.
WORD FAMILY
vengeance: vengeances
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Sully,” “Storks,” “In a Valley of Vengeance,” “Absolutely Fabulous: The Movie.”
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
In it he called his attack vengeance for airstrikes against Muslims and said he wished to become a martyr.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
There is in each of us a temptation to vengeance, and this is my confession.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 报仇，复仇; 报复
分布：报复(60%)，报仇(40%)
→来自古法语vengier,复仇，报仇，词源同vindication,vendetta.
报仇(venge+vance)[venge=punish,表示"惩罚",引申为"报仇"]
复仇(venge仇恨,报仇)[-ance表名词"性质,状况"]
noun uncountable
■the punishing of someone for harming you or your friends or family, or the wish for such punishment to happen 报仇，复仇，报复；复仇心
• On the day after the terrorist attack, the overall mood in the town was one of vengeance. 在恐怖袭击发生后的第二天，镇上人们普遍的情绪就是要复仇。
• As he cradled his daughter's lifeless body in his arms, he swore (to take) vengeance on her killers. 他紧抱着女儿的尸体，发誓要找杀害她的凶手报仇。
['ven.dʒənts] noun uncountable
with a vengeance
■with great force or extreme energy 猛烈地；极度地
• He's been working with a vengeance over the past few weeks to make up for lost time. 几周以来他玩儿命工作以弥补失去的时间。
• Flared trousers are back with a vengeance (= very popular again) this summer. 喇叭裤今年夏天又铺天盖地再度流行起来。
n. 复仇；报复；报仇
 - revenge, revanche

Word: cheerleader
Front: cheerleader
[ˈtʃɪəli:də(r)] (10262/36023 -1)
Vocabulary: cheerleader
(once / 9571 pages)
n
A cheerleader is a member of a team that performs synchronized cheers and dance routines, usually from the sidelines of a game. The best cheerleaders are extremely strong and flexible, with a great sense of rhythm.
The main job of a cheerleader is to rally a sports team to victory, although many cheerleaders also perform complex acrobatic routines. The traditional uniform that a cheerleader wears includes a short skirt or shorts. In the late 19th century, cheerleaders were simply college students in the stands who called out school cheers in unison. By the 1890s, official cheerleading squads were formed, originally including only men — no women or girls were cheerleaders until 1923.
WORD FAMILY
cheerleader: cheerleaders+/cheerlead: cheerleader, cheerleading, cheerleads
USAGE EXAMPLES
Cheerleaders kept their game face through cascades of running mascara.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
It’s a nutcracker cheerleader, dressed in Pottsville Crimson Tide red and white.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
She’s an appealing, lightly comic figure whose main job is to be Paterson’s helpmate — his chef, cheerleader and, of course, muse.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 啦啦队队长; （强有力的）支持者
分布：啦啦队长(89%)，支持者(11%)
→来自cheer和leader的组合词。
US ['tʃɪrˌli:.dɚ] noun countable
■(especially in America) a person, usually a woman or girl, who leads the crowd in shouting encouragement and supporting a team at a sports event （尤指美国）啦啦队队员（通常为女性）
• She was a cheerleader for the Dallas Cowboys. 她是达拉斯牛仔队的啦啦队队员。

Word: discord
Front: discord
[ˈdɪskɔ:d] (托雅宝 14756/14977 -1)
Vocabulary: discord
(once / 625 pages)
nv
Discord is the strife and tension that arises when two sides disagree on something, like the high-pitched screaming of two kids fighting over the front seat of the car.
Discord can be broken down into the prefix dis, meaning "different," and cord, which stems from an old word for "heart." So that leaves us with "different hearts." So if we're talking about music, discord means a lack of harmony — tones that clash so badly your ears bleed. But when there's discord between people, their hearts are in different places — which usually results in more than a few raised voices clashing disharmoniously.
WORD FAMILY
discord: discordant, discorded, discording, discords+/discordance: discordances/ discordant: discordance, discordantly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Crosscultural variables, in fact, are at the heart of this seriocomic philosophical inquiry into peace and discord.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Graham said Russia was “creating discord throughout democracies on their border,” in a nod to three former Soviet republics, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
In a video message posted online he says he hopes world leaders choose “solidarity and unity” instead of “conflict and discord.”
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 不和; 不调和; 嘈杂声
v. 不一致; [乐]不谐和，发乱音
时态：discorded, discording, discords
分布：不一致(49%)，不协调(33%)，不调和(18%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。-cord, 心，一致，词源同heart, cordial. 即不同心的，引起纷争的。
不和;不一致[card,cord=heart,表示"心脏,一致"]
【记】dis不，cord心脏，一致－不一致－不和谐
【反】harmony（n 协调；融洽）
US [-kɔ:rd] noun
DISAGREEMENT 不一致
uncountable formal
■the state of not agreeing or sharing opinions 看法不一致，缺乏共识
• marital discord 婚姻不和
• A note of discord has crept into relations between the two countries. 两国关系中悄然出现了不和谐的音符。
Compare concord
UK ['dɪs.kɔ:d] US [-kɔ:rd] noun
SOUND 声音
countable or uncountable specialized
■a group of musical notes which give an unpleasant sound when played together 不和谐音
n. [声] 不和；不调和；嘈杂声
 - misunderstanding, strife
vi. 不一致；刺耳
 - out of tune with, out of line

Word: famed
Front: famed
[feɪmd] (8010/11652)
Vocabulary: famed
(once / 496 pages)
adj
Something that's famed is very well-known, or famous. Your dad's famed brownies are the highlight of every bake sale in town.
The adjective famed basically means "renowned." In other words, something that's famed is famous, usually for its excellence. If a book is famed, it's either a bestseller or a classic, and if your English teacher is famed, it's probably hard to get into her classes because everyone wants to take them. The 16th century meaning of famed was "much talked about," from the now-obsolete verb fame, "spread abroad or report."
WORD FAMILY
famed: ill-famed
USAGE EXAMPLES
Playing famed instruments from Stradivarius and Monegnana, his recordings of works by Bach, Shostakovich and Brahms earned him several prestigious music prizes.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Finnish-American architect Eero Saarinen, famed for his Gateway Arch in St. Louis, is profiled on the season finale of “American Masters.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
It’s within the Camden, a new multiuse complex near the famed intersection of Hollywood and Vine, highlighting the neighborhood’s tony transformation.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 著名的，出名的
分布：著名的(99%)，动词fame的过去式和过去分词形式.(1%)
adjective
■known or familiar to many people 著名的；闻名的
• It's a city famed for its ski slopes and casinos. 这座城市以其滑雪场和赌场闻名。
• His famed calmness temporarily deserted him. 他一时失去了惯常的镇定。
adj. 著名的
 - famous, noted, renowned, distinguished, celebrated

Word: eastward
Front: eastward
['i:stwəd] (六 14236/19716)
Back: adj. 向东方的; 朝东的
adv. 朝东方; 向东
n. 东方，东部
分布：向东(44%)，向东的(42%)，东面(14%)
US [-wɚd] adjective
■towards the east 向东的；朝东的
• The eastward route might be quicker. 走东去的路线或许会更快一点。
n. 东部；东方
 - orient

Word: enthuse
Front: enthuse
[ɪnˈθju:z] (17459/13815 -1)
Back: vt. 使热情
vi. 对…极热心
时态：enthused, enthusing, enthuses
分布：充满热情地说(100%)
→en-, 进入，使。-thus, 神，词源同theology, theist. 即鬼神附体，发狂，狂热。
US [-'θu:z-] verb
intransitive
■to express excitement about something or great interest in it 津津乐道地叙述；兴奋地说
• He was enthusing over a wonderful restaurant he'd been to. 他正津津乐道地说着他曾去过一间多么好的餐厅。
• [+ speech] "She's the best leader that this country has ever known!" he enthused. “她是这个国家有史以来最优秀的领袖！”他兴奋地说。
transitive
■to give your feeling of excitement and interest in a particular subject to other people 使充满热情；使热心；使感兴趣
• He was passionately interested in classical music but failed to enthuse his children (with it). 他酷爱古典音乐，但却没能让他的孩子也（对此）产生兴趣。

Word: fester
Front: fester
[ˈfestə(r)] (托雅宝 22086/24565 -1)
Vocabulary: fester
(once / 4573 pages)
vn
To fester is to grow and spread, not in a good way. When a cut gets infected it starts to fester and smell bad. Emotional wounds stink too, like when you hold on to anger or pain until it starts to fester and explodes.
Fester is a verb describing what happens to a wound or a sore that gets worse and has liquid, or pus, oozing out. Infections cause cuts, broken bones, and diseases to fester. Dead bodies can fester too — as they decompose. Things that fester have a decaying odor, and bad feelings can have a decaying effect on friendships and the heart. Letting bitter emotions fester often leads to their getting worse.
WORD FAMILY
fester: festered, festering, festers+/festering: festerings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Such actions should deter other leaders from letting bad behavior fester, lest they face the same fate in a culture like Japan's that abhors shame.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
The festering European economic crisis was joined by two additional crises in 2015 — the refugee crisis and the security crisis that public terrorist attacks generated.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
Fester lived off a steady diet of candy bars, junk food, and soda pop.
The New Yorker(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vi. 化脓，溃烂; 腐烂，腐败; 激起怨忿，引起创痛; 使衰败
vt. 使感染、发炎或腐烂
n. 溃烂; 脓疮
时态：festered, festering, festers
分布：溃烂(43%)，化脓(25%)，恶化(23%)，脓疮(9%)
→来自bheid, 撕开，裂开，词源同bite, bitter, fissure. 该词用来指化脓。
【记】fester是非常faster的
【反】heal（v 医治；治愈）
US [-tɚ] verb intransitive
INJURY 伤口
■If a cut or other injury festers, it becomes infected and produces pus （伤口）化脓，溃烂
• a festering sore 脓疮
UK ['fes.tər] US [-tɚ] verb intransitive
FEELING 感情
■If an argument or bad feeling festers, it continues so that feelings of hate or lack of satisfaction increase （争论或不快的感觉）加剧，恶化
• It's better to express your anger than let it fester inside you. 把愤怒表达出来比郁积在心里要好。
• a festering argument/dispute 愈益激化的争论／争端
vi. 溃烂；化脓
 - gather head
n. 溃烂；脓疮，脓疱
 - ecthyma, pustule

Word: flicker
Front: flicker
[ˈflɪkə(r)] (托雅宝 8044/7339 -1)
Vocabulary: flicker
(once / 575 pages)
1vn 2vn 3n
To flicker is to flash on and off at random. If your computer screen is flickering right now, you are probably having trouble reading this.
Something that is flickering is flashing on and off in an unpredictable way. A fluorescent light may flicker for a while before it stops working. A flicker is also a quick flash or burst of light, like a glint or a spark. Similarly, flicker can refer to a sudden and short-lived feeling. A child opening a present might have a flicker of excitement before realizing that the box contains only tube socks and underwear.
WORD FAMILY
flicker: flickered, flickering, flickers+/ flick: flicked, flicker, flicking, flicks/flickering: flickeringly
USAGE EXAMPLES
I’m hopeful that 2017 will see the flickering resurgence of outdoor civic spaces blossom into something more profound and lasting.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
And at that moment, the girl’s eyes flickered and set on Seb’s smiling face.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
“The data provided a “flicker of optimism” Mizuho Bank economists said in a commentary, “But this is a far cry from an emphatic recovery.”
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: v. 闪烁; 飘扬，摆动; 昏倒
n. 闪烁; 闪光; 电影; 假装昏倒的乞丐
时态：flickered, flickering, flickers
分布：闪烁(72%)，闪光(10%)，颤动(8%)，闪动(7%)，摇动(3%)
→来自flick，轻弹。
【记】火被flick（v 轻打；轻弹）就会flicker把你f到lick你的人er的眼睛当时是闪烁的！
US [-ɚ] verb
intransitive
■to shine with a light that is sometimes bright and sometimes weak 摇曳；闪烁
• I felt a cold draft and the candle started to flicker. 我感到一阵冷风袭来，烛光开始摇曳起来。
intransitive or transitive
■to appear for a short time or to make a sudden movement 闪现，一闪而过；使…突然动一下
• A smile flickered across her face. 她脸上掠过一丝微笑。
• He'd been in a coma for weeks, when all of a sudden he flickered an eyelid. 他已经昏迷几个星期了，突然他的眼皮动了一下。
UK ['flɪk.ər] US [-ɚ] noun countable usually singular
LIGHT 光
■when a light is sometimes bright and sometimes weak （光的）摇曳，闪烁
• the soft flicker of candlelight 烛光的轻轻摇曳
UK ['flɪk.ər] US [-ɚ] noun countable usually singular
FEELING 感觉
■a short feeling or expression of an emotion or quality （感觉或情绪的）闪现，一闪而过
• There was a flicker of hope in his eyes. 他的眼中闪过一丝希望。
vi. [电子] [光] 闪烁；摇曳；颤动；扑动翅膀；假装昏倒
 - spark, coruscate
vt. [电子] [光] 使闪烁；使摇曳
 - gleam
n. [电子] [光] 闪烁；闪光；电影
 - movie, film, cinema

Word: graduation
Front: graduation
[ˌgrædʒuˈeɪʃn] (高 4759/15296 -1)
Vocabulary: graduation
(once / 2188 pages)
1n 2n
Graduation happens when you successfully complete an academic program, like high school or college. Then you go to a graduation ceremony.
Scientists might talk about the graduation lines on beakers and rulers that mark out units of measurement. But when most people hear this word, they think about finishing school. Students and their families celebrate graduation from high school, college, training programs, and even kindergarten. At graduation ceremonies, people often wear funny tasseled hats and long robes, then walk up one by one to get an official diploma or certificate.
WORD FAMILY
graduation: graduations+/ graduate: graduated, graduates, graduating, graduation, postgraduate, undergraduate /postgraduate: postgraduates/ undergraduate: undergraduates
USAGE EXAMPLES
Walker says he wants to tie funding to performance, such as enrollment, students in high-demand areas, graduation rates and graduates gaining employment.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
This morning I received a message from a friend from middle and high school, Chad, whom I haven’t seen since graduation two decades ago.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
There was a photo of him at his graduation, another at a pool.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 毕业; 毕业典礼; 刻度，分度; 分等级
分布：毕业(83%)，毕业典礼(15%)，分度(1%)，刻度线(1%)
毕业(graduate+ion)[grad=step,grade,表示"步,级"]
noun countable or uncountable
■when you receive your degree for finishing your education or a course of study 毕业；接受学位；获得毕业文凭
• a graduation ceremony 毕业典礼
n. 毕业；毕业典礼； [仪] 刻度， [机] 分度；分等级
 - scale, calibration

Word: pest
Front: pest
[pest] (高研六托宝 6842/6622 -2)
Vocabulary: pest
(once / 1719 pages)
1n 2n
A pest is something or someone that bugs you. That annoying mosquito that keeps you up at night is a pest, and so is that younger brother who wants to control the TV remote.
An unwanted, bothersome person is a pest — and so is an unwanted, bothersome bug. In fact, the "destructive or harmful insect" definition came before "annoying person," following the "plague or pestilence" meaning of pest. The Latin root is pestis, "deadly contagious disease." During the Late Middle Ages, when the bubonic plague killed a third of all humans, it was commonly known as "the pest."
WORD FAMILY
pest: pests
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was the sixth such incident recorded of this dangerous pest in the last six weeks at Port of Savannah.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
Forests in some states, like New York, are close to major trade routes, while others, like in Florida, house trees especially susceptible to pests.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The Bayer Bee Care Center in Germany includes menacing sculptures of the little pest.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 讨厌的人或事; 有害动植物; 瘟疫
分布：害虫(93%)，讨厌的人(7%)
→来自拉丁语pestis,传染病，瘟疫，诅咒，词源同pestilence.引申词义害虫，害鸟等。
n.害虫The destiny of the pest in chestnut is not known before reaching the destination.栗子中害虫的命运在到达目的地之前是未知的.
【参】pester（v 使烦恼；纠缠）像害虫一样
noun countable
■an insect or small animal which is harmful or which damages crops （破坏农作物的）有害小动物（或昆虫）；害虫
• common pests such as rats, mice or cockroaches 老鼠、蟑螂等常见害虫
■informal
■an annoying person, especially a child 讨厌的人；（尤指孩子）讨厌鬼
• Put that back, you little pest! 把它放回去，你这个小讨厌鬼！
worm, pest, bug, insect
这组词都有“虫，昆虫”的意思，其区别是：
worm: 侧重指蚯蚓、蚕、毛虫等小而无骨的虫。
pest: 指有害的昆虫或有害的小动物。
bug: 指小昆虫，尤指吸血的臭虫，也可指细菌。
insect: 含义广泛，多指蚂蚁、黄蜂、蝉等等。
n. 害虫； [植保] 有害之物；讨厌的人
 - verm, injurious insect

Word: penal
Front: penal
[ˈpi:nl] (托 13769/7321 -1)
Vocabulary: penal
(once / 1580 pages)
adj
Anything described as penal has something to do with legal punishment. Prisons are one important part of a country's penal system.
Whenever you see the adjective penal, you'll know it has to do with court-ordered punishment. A government's penal code, for example, is a list of crimes and the punishments imposed for each of them. You might notice how similar penal is to the word penalty — in fact, they both stem from the same Latin word, poena, and the Greek root poine, both of which mean "punishment."
WORD FAMILY
penal: penally
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Indian Supreme Court employed this logic when it struck down the mandatory death sentence in the country’s penal code, in 1983.
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
However, other inmates questioned independently by human rights workers at the penal colony corroborated Mr. Dadin’s claims.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
"One writer uses language of violence which certainly brings him within penal laws," Gandhi stated.
BBC(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: adj. 刑事的，刑法上的; 与刑罚有关的; 作为刑罚场所的
分布：刑罚的(48%)，刑事的(31%)，严重的(21%)
→来自拉丁语poena,处罚，惩罚，来自希腊语poine,处罚，罚金，来自kwei,弥补，支付，赎罪，词源同pain,punish.
刑的,刑罚的(ren+al)[pen,pun=penalty,表示"处罚"]
adjective
PUNISHING 惩罚的
[before noun]
■of or connected with punishment given by law 刑罚的；惩诫（性）的
• Many people believe that execution has no place in the penal system of a civilized society. 许多人认为文明社会的刑罚制度中不应有死刑。
• He had been in and out of penal institutions (= prison) from the age of 16. 他自16岁起多次被捕入狱。
['pi:.nəl] adjective
CAUSING DISADVANTAGE 产生不良影响的 UK having a harmful effect; causing disadvantage 产生有害影响的；使处于不利地位的；苛刻的
• They complained about the penal and counter-productive tax rates. 他们抱怨税率繁重、不利生产。
• Employees regarded the childcare charges as penal. 员工都认为托儿费很苛刻。
adj. 刑事的；刑罚的
 - criminal, punitive

Word: qualm
Front: qualm
[kwɑ:m] (宝 14827/13828 -1)
Vocabulary: qualm
(once / 3063 pages)
n
A qualm is a feeling of uneasiness, or a sense that something you're doing is wrong, and it sounds almost like how it makes your stomach feel. If you had qualms about taking candy from the bulk bins at the store, your conscience probably told you to go back to the cashier and pay.
Qualm entered English in the 16th century, with meanings like "doubt" and "uneasiness." Usually a qualm comes from doubt about an action and a feeling that you are doing, or are about to do, something wrong. It isn’t a bad feeling about another person's behavior but about your own. If you have qualms about lying to get into the over-18 dance club, you might decide to follow your gut-check and meet your friends for coffee instead.
WORD FAMILY
qualm: qualms
USAGE EXAMPLES
As it happens, “Patriots Day” works so well on a dramatic level that my qualms were silenced almost entirely from the start.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
McGoldrick, owner of Admiral D’s Marina and Waterfront Tavern, said addressing the problem extends beyond any one entrepreneur’s or lakefront dweller’s qualms about property values.
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
No such qualms exist for Viola Davis, and when the camera is on her no one will be wanting to look elsewhere.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 不安，疑惧; 恶心，眩晕; 忧虑; 良心谴责
分布：疑虑(66%)，晕眩(23%)，紧张不安(11%)
→来自古英语cwealm,死亡，谋杀，折磨，词源同kill,quell.引申词义有死亡危险的，恐惧的，后词义弱化为顾虑，不安。
【记】读：胯目，胯下长了一只眼睛－突然引起不安的感觉
noun countable usually plural
■an uncomfortable feeling of doubt about whether you are doing the right thing 疑虑；内疚；不安
• She had no qualms about lying to the police. 她向警方说谎但一点也不觉得心虚。
n. 疑虑；不安
 - tension, unrest

Word: obscurity
Front: obscurity
[əbˈskjʊərəti] (宝 12434/11476)
Vocabulary: obscurity
(once / 751 pages)
n
One meaning of obscurity is nobody knowing who you are, and another definition is something that is hard to understand because it’s too complex or unclear.
Obscurity is the opposite of fame, and living in obscurity means that nobody knows your name. Many musicians played in obscurity for years before becoming rock stars. The Latin obscurus means “dark,” which is where obscurity is found: in the dark where no one sees it. Something difficult to comprehend has obscurity, for example the obscurity of a medical magazine, or a complex poem that is full of literary obscurities, referencing other poems that no one has read.
WORD FAMILY
obscurity: obscurities+/ obscure: obscured, obscurely, obscureness, obscurer, obscures, obscurest, obscuring, obscuringly, obscurity
USAGE EXAMPLES
Within a few years, they'd withered away into political obscurity.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
A: For many years, we felt like we were toiling in obscurity.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Winningest coach in Division I college basketball history who lifted the women’s game from obscurity to national prominence during her 38-year career at Tennessee.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 朦胧; 晦涩; 默默无闻; 费解
分布：晦涩(64%)，不明(20%)，昏暗(8%)，不出名(8%)
→来自obscure,使费解，模糊，-ity,名词后缀。
【反】celebrity（n 名声；名人）；certitude（n 确实）
US [-'skjʊr.ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
NOT KNOWN 鲜为人知
■when someone or something is not known to many people 无名的；鲜为人知的；默默无闻的
• He was briefly famous in his twenties but then sank into obscurity. 他在20来岁时曾一度小有名气，但随后便湮没无闻了。
• He rose from relative obscurity to worldwide recognition. 他从默默无闻一下变成世界闻名。
UK [əb'skjʊə.rɪ.ti] US [-'skjʊr.ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
NOT CLEAR 不清楚的
■when something is not clear and difficult to understand or see 费解的，晦涩的；模糊的，朦胧的；不清楚的
• The story is convoluted and opaque, often to the point of total obscurity. 这则故事晦涩难懂，常常令人一头雾水。
n. 朦胧；阴暗；晦涩；身份低微；不分明
 - nebulosity, shadowiness

Word: smear
Front: smear
[smɪə(r)] (托宝 8842/11794 -2)
Vocabulary: smear
(once / 1436 pages)
vn
To smear something is to smudge or blur it. You might literally smear your pen-and-ink drawing, or figuratively have your reputation smeared by getting caught in a lie.
You can also smear things physically by smoothing them onto another surface, like when you smear lip balm on your mouth or smear cream cheese on your bagel. When you smear a person, however, you cause them real harm by hurting their reputation badly. A politician might smear an opponent by falsely claiming they lied about where they went to college, for example. That kind of smear can be hard to erase.
WORD FAMILY
smear: smeared, smearing, smears
USAGE EXAMPLES
And the exact quote is, “Administration should support and defend activist groups by nullifying slander and smear campaign from bigger group.”
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Critics of this notion, however, protest what they see as a character smear — a suggestion that everybody, deep down, is racist.
New York Times(Dec 09, 2016)
A white car with blood streaks and smears was at the scene.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: v. 胡乱涂抹; 弄脏; 诽谤; 变得模糊不清
n. 污迹; 抹黑; 丑化
时态：smeared, smearing, smears
分布：诽谤(49%)，涂抹(22%)，弄脏(13%)，污点(12%)，涂料(4%)
→来自古英语 smerian,涂抹，抹油，傅油，来自 Proto-Germanic*smerwjan,抹油，来自 smeru,
【记】smile ear：嘴笑到耳朵，因为他诽谤成功了。
US [smɪr] verb
SPREAD 涂抹
transitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to spread a liquid or a thick substance over a surface 涂抹（黏腻的东西）
• The children had smeared peanut butter all over the sofa. 孩子们把花生酱抹得沙发上到处都是。
• Can you explain why the front of your car is smeared with blood? 你能解释一下为甚么你的汽车前部沾有血迹吗？
UK [smɪər] US [smɪr] verb
ACCUSE 指控
transitive
■to publicly accuse someone of something unpleasant, unreasonable or unlikely to be true in order to harm their reputation 诽谤，污蔑
• She decided to sue for libel after the newspaper smeared her private life. 这家报纸对她的私生活造谣诬蔑，她决定告以诽谤罪。
UK [smɪər] US [smɪr] noun countable
SPREAD 涂抹
■a dirty mark made by spreading a liquid or a thick substance over a surface 污点（将某种液体或稠厚物质涂在表面上形成的污点）
• You'd look very stylish if it wasn't for that smear of ketchup on your shirt. 如果不是衬衫上那抹蕃茄酱的话，你看起来会很帅气。
UK [smɪər] US [smɪr] noun countable
ACCUSING 指控
■when someone is publicly accused of something unpleasant, unreasonable or unlikely to be true with the intention of harming their reputation 诽谤，污蔑
• The prime minister has dismissed the allegations as smears and innuendo. 首相把那些指控斥为肆意诽谤和影射。
• She claims she was the victim of a smear campaign (= repeated attempts to damage her reputation). 她声称自己是一系列抹黑行动的受害者。
UK [smɪər] US [smɪr] noun countable
MEDICAL TEST 医学试验 UK (also smear test) (US pap smear)
■a medical test in which cells from a woman's cervix entrance to the womb are removed and examined to discover if there is any disease （子宫颈）抹片检查
vt. 诽谤；弄脏；涂上；把…擦模糊
 - soil, mud, spot, wrong, dirty
n. [生物] 涂片；诽谤；污点
 - scandal, personalities
vi. 被弄脏
 - smudge

Word: undecided
Front: undecided
[ˌʌndɪˈsaɪdɪd] (10481/13866 -1)
Back: adj. 未解决; 未确定; （天气等）不稳定的; 犹豫不定
分布：未下决心的(50%)，未做决定的(50%)
未决定的(un+decided决定的)[un-①表示"不,无,非,没有"②表示"打开,解开,弄出"]
adjective
■If you are undecided, you have not yet made a decision or judgment about something 未拿定主意的，犹豫不决的
• Are you still undecided about the job in Brussels? 对布鲁塞尔的那份工作你还在犹豫吗？
• 54% of voters were in favour, 30% against, and the rest were undecided. 54%的投票者赞成，30%的反对，其余的还在观望。
■not decided or finished 未决定的；未完成的
• The whole question is still undecided. 整个问题仍然悬而未决。
adj. 未定的；未决定的；不稳定的
 - unstable, volatile

Word: antiquity
Front: antiquity
[ænˈtɪkwəti] (托宝 8706/8064 -1)
Vocabulary: antiquity
(once / 378 pages)
n
If you find an antiquity, call a museum: you just found something very old. Antiquity can also mean the idea of oldness.
The word antique should be a clue to the meaning of this word, which refers to things that are extremely old or ancient. This isn't grandparent old — this is really old, like hundreds or even thousands of years old. People also use this word to compare old ways of doing things to new ways: you could say an old-fashioned idea is an antiquity that goes against modernity (newer ideas and ways of doing things). Antiquity can also mean the time before the Middle Ages.
WORD FAMILY
antiquity: antiquities+/antiquate: antiquated, antiquates, antiquating/ antique: antiquate, antiqued, antiquely, antiques, antiquing, antiquity
USAGE EXAMPLES
But many of those areas didn’t hold the high-value artifacts prized by collectors, fueling a rise in an industry of counterfeit antiquities.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
So far, she is the only Iraqi antiquities official to visit.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
He used powers Congress duly designated to the White House under the Antiquities Act.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 古老，古代; 古迹，古物; 古人; 古代的风俗习惯
分布：古代(83%)，古迹(11%)，古物(6%)
古旧,古代(antique古代的+ity)[anci,antiq=old,表示"古老"]
US [-wə.tˌi] noun
uncountable
■the distant past (= a long time ago) , especially before the sixth century （尤指六世纪以前的）古代
• Cannabis has been used for medicinal purposes since antiquity. 自古以来，大麻就一直用于治病。
• Before creating this sculpture, she studied all the masterpieces of classical antiquity. 在创作这件雕塑之前，她研究了所有古希腊和古罗马时代的雕塑杰作。
countable
■something of great age 古物；古董；古迹
• Under Greek law, all antiquities that are discovered in Greece belong to the government. 根据希腊法律，在希腊发现的所有古物均归政府所有。
n. 高龄；古物；古代的遗物
 - eld, advanced age

Word: wag
Vocabulary: wag
(once / 810 pages)
1nv 2n
A wag is a quick, back-and-forth movement. A scolding teacher might give you an irritated wag of a finger, while a happy dog will give you a cheerful tail wag.
Animals and people alike use wags to communicate various emotions, and when they do, they wag. Dogs are known to wag their tails in happiness or to express friendliness, but a very slow tail wag can mean a dog is uncertain or is trying to calm itself. Wag is at least partly rooted in the Old English wagian, "move backwards and forwards."
WORD FAMILY
wag: wagged, wagging, waggish, wags+/ waggish: waggishly, waggishness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Tongues wagged - wasn't the whole thing a little too tacky, a little too American?
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
The guard in the ill-fitting uniform wagged his finger to and fro while muttering something in French.
Washington Post(Nov 21, 2016)
Hopkins chuckled as he wagged his cane toward amused onlookers.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)

Word: synagogue
Front: synagogue
[ˈsɪnəgɒg] (8378/16661 -1)
Vocabulary: synagogue
(once / 1638 pages)
n
A synagogue is a Jewish house of worship.
A synagogue, sometimes called a temple or a shul, is for Jews what a church is for Christians, or a mosque for Muslims, or a temple for Hindus. The word comes from the Greek roots sun "together" and agein "bring" — it's a building where worshipers are brought together.
WORD FAMILY
synagogue: synagogues
USAGE EXAMPLES
“They’re seeing all these kids in synagogue the next day, so that creates a certain competitiveness,” Mr. Stone said.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
His 1543 treatise “On the Jews and Their Lies” calls for the burning of synagogues and Jewish homes.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Though there were no anti-Semitic messages left, Rabinowitz says he believes the synagogue was targeted for religious reasons.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 犹太教堂; 犹太人集会
分布：犹太教(68%)，犹太教会堂(20%)，犹太人集会(12%)
→来 自 希 腊 语 synagoge, 集 会 地 ， 犹 太 教 堂 ， 来 自 syn-, 一 起 ， -agog, 引 导 ， 词 源 同 demagogue,pedagogue.
US [-gɑ:g] noun countable
■a building in which Jewish people worship and study their religion 犹太教堂，犹太会堂

Word: backtrack
Front: backtrack
[ˈbæktræk] (17377/21946)
Vocabulary: backtrack
(once / 18073 pages)
v
When you backtrack, you return somewhere you've already been, or retrace steps you've already taken. You might backtrack to find something you lost on your way down the sidewalk.
When you walk out the door and realize you must have put your keys down somewhere, you'll probably backtrack through your house, looking for them. You can also backtrack in a figurative way, changing an opinion or a stance on something: "The city promised to build a new library, but now that the budget is so tight I bet they'll backtrack" The original use of the word referred to a technique in fox hunting.
WORD FAMILY
backtrack: backtracked, backtracking, backtracks
USAGE EXAMPLES
He moves casually around his idling co-shoppers, traversing the aisles with minimal backtracking.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
After the raid, officials backtracked until prosecutors issued orders to release him.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Earlier this year, though, Joyner, 58, backtracked, writing in Sports Illustrated that “if I am lucky, a legitimate sub-two-hour marathon will happen in my lifetime.”
Washington Post(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: vi. 走原路; 由原路返回; 改变主意; 取消诺言
vt. 追踪; 循迹调查
时态：backtracked, backtracking, backtracks
分布：由原路返回(58%)，走回头路(42%)
verb intransitive
GO BACK 返回
■to go back along a path you have just followed 走回头路，原路返回
• We went the wrong way and had to backtrack till we got to the right turning. 我们走错了路，只好原路返回，直到找该转弯的地方。
['bæk.træk] verb intransitive
CHANGE OPINION 改变意见
■to say that you did not mean something you said earlier or say that you have changed your opinion 收回说法；改变意见
• [+ speech] "All right, " he backtracked, "It's possible that I was mistaken." “好吧，”他改变了态度，说：“可能是我错了。”
• The officers were forced to backtrack on their statements. 这些军官被迫收回他们的声明。
• She refused to backtrack from her criticisms of the proposal. 她拒绝收回对该建议所做的批评。
vi. [计] 回溯；由原路返回；放弃
 - remount to, give away
vt. 追踪；循迹调查
 - trail, follow up on

Word: crisp
Front: crisp
[krɪsp] (研六托雅 6194/7199 -K2)
Vocabulary: crisp
(once / 652 pages)
1adj 2nv 3adj 4adj 5adj 6adj 7adj 8v
Something that's crisp is thin, dry, and breakable. Unless they're stale, most crackers are crisp.
Gingersnaps are crisp, and so is toast — in fact, crisp often describes food, although crunchy snow and dry, brown leaves are also crisp. To crisp something is to cook or dry it until it's brittle, and when a voice is crisp, it's abrupt and no-nonsense. A crisp fall morning is fresh and cold. In Old English, crisp meant "curly," from the Latin crispus, "curled." The "brittle" definition is probably imitative, the word sounding like its meaning.
WORD FAMILY
crisp: crisped, crispen, crisper, crispest, crisping, crisply, crispness, crisps, crispy+/crispen: crispened/crispy: crispiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Floral patterns abound, on stunning floor-length gowns and crisp suit jackets.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Said Crisp: “That was good to hear. I needed that.”
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The aromatic landing of the fermented grapes is sharp, crisp, sweet, dry, delicate, delightful.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 脆的; 干冷的; 易碎的; 新鲜的，爽快的
n. <英>炸马铃薯片; 松脆物
vt. （使）变脆; 卷曲; 烘脆（面包等）
vi. 卷曲
时态：crisped, crisping, crisps
分布：脆的(60%)，卷曲的(9%)，明快的(9%)，薯片(8%)，干脆的(8%)，松脆物(6%)
→来自sker, 转，弯，词源同ring, curly. 词义由转，弯外延至卷，脆。
a.脆的,易碎的;简明扼要的;(空气)清爽的The wagging wasp grasps the crisp clasp for a gasp.摇摆的黄蜂抓住脆钩喘息.
adjective mainly approving
HARD 硬的
■hard enough to be broken easily 脆的；易碎的
■describes cooked foods, such as pastry and biscuits, that are well cooked so that they are just dry and hard enough （糕点、饼干等食物）酥脆的
■describes fruit or vegetables that are fresh and firm （蔬果）新鲜爽脆的，脆生生的
• a crisp apple 脆生生的苹果
■describes paper or cloth that is stiff and smooth （纸或布）挺括的，平展的
• a crisp new £5 note/a crisp white tablecloth 平展簇新的五英镑钞票／平展的白色桌布
[krɪsp] adjective mainly approving
CLEAR 清晰的
■describes sound or an image that is very clear （声音或形象）清晰明了的
• Now that we have cable, we get a wonderfully crisp picture, even on our old TV. 有了有线电视，即便是用我们那台老电视机收看，图像也十分清晰。
■describes a way of speaking, writing or behaving that is quick, confident and effective （说话、写作或行为）干脆俐落的，利索的，明快的
• a crisp reply 干脆俐落的回答
• a crisp, efficient manner 举止俐落干练
[krɪsp] adjective mainly approving
COLD 寒冷的
■describes weather that is cold, dry and bright （天气）干冷的，晴冷的
• a wonderful crisp spring morning 一个晴爽的春日清晨
■describes air that is cold, dry and fresh （空气）清爽的，凉爽的
• I breathed in deeply the crisp mountain air. 我深深地吸了口山间清爽的空气。
[krɪsp] noun
POTATO 马铃薯
 IMPROVER countable usually plural UK (US (potato) chip)
■a very thin, often round piece of fried potato, sometimes with a flavour added, and sold especially in plastic bags 油炸薯片；洋芋片
• a packet of salt and vinegar crisps 一袋盐醋薯片
[krɪsp] noun
SWEET FOOD 甜食
countable US for
■ crumble (SWEET FOOD)
invalid, crisp, fragile, brittle, frail
这组词都有“弱”的意思，其区别是：
invalid: a.不正确的，缺乏证据的；无效的，作废的。作名词时，表示病弱者，伤残者，久病者。
 • Your ideas about the first humans are interesting but invalid.   你关于最早的人类的观点很有意思，但是缺乏证据。
 • A bad car accident made him an invalid.   一次严重的车祸使他变成了残疾。
crisp: a.指食品的松脆；清新的，爽快的；活跃的，有生气的，干净利落的。
 • crisp biscuit   松脆的饼干
 • The student gave a clear, crisp answer to the teacher's question.   学生干净利落地回答了老师的问题。
fragile: a.常常修饰使用时必须小心才不会破碎的东西，也引申为体弱的，虚弱的。
 • He 's feeling a bit fragile after last night's party.   他参加了昨晚的聚会以后，现在感觉有些虚弱。
brittle: a.易碎的，易损坏的，通常是指坚硬的东西。
 • The bones of elderly people become brittle and easily broken.   老年人的骨头变得脆弱，很容易骨折。
frail: a. (指人)体弱的，虚弱的，也可以指东西易碎的。
 • His mother has grown old and frail.   他母亲已经年老体弱。
adj. 脆的；新鲜的；易碎的
 - fresh, new, fragile, delicate
vt. 使卷曲；使发脆
 - crimp
vi. 卷曲；发脆
 - curl

Word: elbow
Front: elbow
[ˈelbəʊ] (研四六托雅宝 3512/4155 -K2)
Vocabulary: elbow
(once / 270 pages)
1nv 2n 3n
Your elbow is the bendy part of your arm between your wrist and your shoulder. Sometimes people use their pointy elbows to elbow people out of the way.
Your elbows are major joints in your arms, making it possible for you to do many things — including get scolded for having your elbows rudely on the table while you eat. Clothing can be said to have elbows as well: "I like your professor jacket with the patches on the elbows." Other inanimate objects with elbows include rivers and pipes: a sharp bend in either of these is also called an elbow.
WORD FAMILY
elbow: elbowed, elbowing, elbows+/elbowing: elbowings
USAGE EXAMPLES
On the other side of the classroom, the newcomers learned basics: Arms and elbows relaxed.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
He was the backup quarterback for the Giants until undergoing elbow surgery several weeks ago.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
“That elbow injury just kind of pushed me over the edge.”
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 肘部; 弯头，扶手; 肘形管，弯管
vt. 用肘推挤（另一人或另一些人）; 用手肘推开
vi. 用肘推搡着前进; 在拐角处转弯
时态：elbowed, elbowing, elbows
分布：手肘(67%)，扶手(11%)，用手肘推开(10%)，推挤(7%)，急弯(5%)
→来自ell和bow的组合词。
n.肘,(衣服的)肘部vt.用肘推,用肘挤Bowing its elbow, the owl sows in the bowl.猫头鹰弯着肘在碗中播种.
【记】el旧时量布的长度，大约是小臂的长度；bow（n 弓形）读：埃尔伯（拜仁球星）是拜仁的左膀右臂－肘关节
US [-boʊ] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■the part in the middle of the arm where it bends, or the part of a piece of clothing which covers this area 肘；（衣服的）肘部
• Her arm was bandaged from the elbow to the fingers. 她的手臂从肘部一直到手指全部缠上了绷带。
• The sleeve of his shirt was torn at the elbow. 他衬衫的肘部被撕了个洞。
UK ['el.bəʊ] US [-boʊ] noun countable
at sb's elbow
■close to and a little behind someone 在（某人）近旁；紧随（某人）之后；紧紧伴随（某人）
• During the visit, the interpreter was always at her elbow. 在她参观的过程中，翻译始终紧随其后。
UK ['el.bəʊ] US [-boʊ] noun countable
give sb the elbow UK informal
■to end your romantic relationship with someone 甩掉，和（恋人）分手
UK ['el.bəʊ] US [-boʊ] verb transitive usually + adverb or preposition disapproving
■to push someone rudely with your elbows so that you can move or have more space 用肘推；用肘挤开（某人）
• He elbowed his way to the front of the crowd. 他挤到了人群的前面。
• They elbowed the onlookers aside. 他们把旁观者推到一边。
■to hit someone with your elbow, sometimes as a sign to make them notice or remember something （为让某人注意或记住某事而）用肘碰
• She elbowed me in the ribs before I could say anything. 我还没开口呢，她就用肘在我肋部捅了一下。
UK ['el.bəʊ] US [-boʊ] verb transitive usually + adverb or preposition
  Phrasal Verbs  [M often passive] elbow sb out
■to force someone or something out of a position or job 排挤；强行使…离开（职位或工作）
• He resigned before he was elbowed out. 他不等被别人排挤出去，就自己先辞了职。
n. 肘部；弯头；扶手
 - rail, rider
vt. 推挤；用手肘推开
 - thrust, push against

Word: guise
Front: guise
[gaɪz] (托宝 10606/8635 -1)
Vocabulary: guise
(once / 179 pages)
n
Guise, a noun, is the art of pretending to be something you aren't, like when, in the guise of an invited guest, you fake your way into the party of the century.
No doubt you’ve noticed the similarity between guise and disguise. Both involve the art of deception: it’s the methods that differ. Guise is about trying on new attitudes and mannerisms, such as speaking and acting in the guise of a native in a place where you are actually a tourist. Disguise involves hiding your real identity, disappearing in the new role.
WORD FAMILY
guise: disguise, guises+/ disguise: disguised, disguises, disguising/disguised: disguisedly, undisguised/undisguised: undisguisedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
This work, painted in 1618, is really about the visual puzzle it presents, but this is packaged in the guise of a religious painting.
Salon(Jan 01, 2017)
Another man was accused of raising money for Islamic State under the guise of helping displaced persons.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Civility was the order of the day, not ordering others about under the guise of telling them to follow their own conscience.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 〈古〉装束，外衣; 形象，化身; 伪装; 借口
vt. 使化装
vi. 伪装
分布：伪装(62%)，装束(17%)，外观(11%)，借口(10%)
→来自weid, 看，词源同vision, wise. 古义装束，外表，后词义贬义化。
noun uncountable
■the appearance of someone or something, especially when intended to deceive （尤指为了欺骗而装出的）外表，表现形式；伪装
• The men who arrived in the guise of drug dealers were actually undercover police officers. 以毒贩身份到来的人实际上是卧底员警。
• The company has been accused of trying to sell their products under the guise of market research. 这家公司被指控试图打着市场调研的旗号销售其产品。
n. 伪装；装束；外观
 - face, surface, outside, garment
vi. 伪装
 - wrap up, affect to

Word: haircut
Front: haircut
[ˈheəkʌt] (高四六 8476/12035 -1)
Vocabulary: haircut
(once / 6523 pages)
n
A haircut is what a barber does when he trims your hair with scissors. You might decide it's time for a haircut when your bangs are hanging in your eyes.
Some people go to fancy salons for a haircut, while others visit a barber or trust a friend to give them a haircut. You can call the resulting style — the layered sides or shaved neck — a haircut too. If your haircut is striking or unusual, like a spiky purple Mohawk, you'll probably get lots of comments and admiring glances. The haircut is believed to date from A.U.C. 454, in ancient Rome.
WORD FAMILY
haircut: haircuts
USAGE EXAMPLES
Like all of Klein’s clients, Frick set up an appointment for his haircut.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
At the local barbershop, a line of long-haired customers waited on wobbly plastic chairs for haircuts that were forbidden under Islamic State rule.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
“It used to be just a good haircut,” she said.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 理发; 发型; 发式
分布：理发(84%)，发式(16%)
US ['her-] noun countable
■the style in which someone's hair is cut, or an occasion of cutting or styling the hair 发型，发式；理发
• I've had a really awful haircut. 我的发型真难看。
• I wish he'd get/have a haircut. 我希望他去理个发。
n. 理发；发型
 - frisure, hair style

Word: needless
Front: needless
[ˈni:dləs] (四六 9297/7525 -1)
Vocabulary: needless
(once / 640 pages)
adj
Something needless isn't required, necessary, or wanted. If you haven't touched that plastic back scratcher since Christmas 1992, it's probably needless.
If your mom frets every time you walk out the door, you can assure her that it's needless worry — you'll be fine. And buying extremely pricey underwear might seem to be a needless expense — who cares how fancy your underwear is? Needless comes from need and its Old English root nied, "necessity."
WORD FAMILY
needless: needlessly+/ need: needed, needer, needful, needing, needless, needs, needy /needed: unneeded/needful: needfulest, needfully/ needy: needier, neediest, needily, neediness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Needless to say, she is not a natural fit for the job, and her sister’s children are, to put it mildly, challenging.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Needless to say, the reaction from other fans was incredible.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
This practice hurts ordinary investors and contributes to needless complexity and volatility.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 不需要的; 不必要的; 无用的; 多余的
adv. 不需要地; 不必要地
n. 不需要; 不必要
分布：不需要的(62%)，无用的(38%)
→need,需要，-less,无，没有。
adjective
■completely unnecessary 不必要的，完全不必的
• needless worrying 不必要的担心
['ni:d.ləs] adjective
needless to say
■as you would expect; added to, or used to introduce, a remark giving information which is expected and not surprising 当然，不用说
• Needless to say, he'll be off work for a while. 当然，他会暂停工作一段时间。
adj. 不必要的，不需要的；多余的，无用的
 - unnecessary, spare, useless, waste

Word: marina
Front: marina
[məˈri:nə] (11239/12323 -1)
Vocabulary: marina
(once / 2376 pages)
n
A marina is a dock, especially a fancy one used for sailboats and yachts. If you live in a harbor town, you can walk down the marina to watch boats come and go.
A marina differs from a port, which is also a harbor where boats can dock, because it's designed for small boats and yachts, rather than large ships. Seaside towns and cities often have public marinas for mooring boats, and private yacht clubs also have marinas. The word marine, which means "pertaining to the sea," can help you remember that a marina is a place where boats dock. The Latin root of both is mare, "the sea."
WORD FAMILY
marina: marinas
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Hull City of Culture team said the delay was to allow extra time for those with tickets to get onto the marina.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
The Maltnomah County Sheriff’s Office responded to a call on Saturday at about 12:30 p.m. from a resident at the Rocky Pointe Marina.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Earlier this year, we were strolling along a marina in Portugal and a family passed us – a mother, father and daughter.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 小艇船坞，小艇停靠区; 玛丽娜（女子名）
分布：名词(100%)
→来自西班牙语marina,海岸，岸边，来自拉丁语marinus,海的，词源同marine.引申词义海边船坞，游艇停靠区等。
noun countable
■a small port that is used for pleasure rather than trade, often with hotels, restaurants and bars （常设有饭店、餐厅及酒吧的）小船坞，小港口
n. 码头， [船] 小艇船坞；散步道
 - landing, pier

Word: outperform
Front: outperform
[ˌaʊtpəˈfɔ:m] (12732/24034 -1)
Vocabulary: outperform
(once / 6338 pages)
v
To outperform is to accomplish something in a better or more impressive way that someone else. In a marathon, the younger runners usually outperform the very oldest ones.
Whenever you surpass or beat the record of another person, you can say you outperform them. Experienced workers frequently outperform newer employees, and pundits like to worry aloud about students in other countries who outperform American kids on standardized tests. You can also say that an investment that makes more money outperforms a less profitable one.
WORD FAMILY
outperform: outperformed, outperforming, outperforms
USAGE EXAMPLES
A higher share of Bellevue students also outperformed the U.S. and international averages in reading and science.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Strategies that outperform for a stretch often succumb to simple mean reversion.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 19, 2016)
Athens says the bailout allows it to raise spending if it outperforms its budget targets—which it says it is on track to do.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: vt. 做得比…更好，胜过
v. （机器等）性能比…好
时态：outperformed, outperforming, outperforms
分布：优于(75%)，超额完成(15%)，过度执行(10%)
→out-,超过，perform,履行，表现。
US [-pɚ'fɔ:rm] verb transitive
■to do well in a particular job or activity compared to others of a similar type 超过，胜过；比…做得好
• The Peugeot engine has consistently outperformed its rivals this season. 这一季，标致汽车引擎的表现一直优于竞争对手。
vt. 胜过；做得比……好
 - overcome, exceed, cap, transcend

Word: omit
Front: omit
[əˈmɪt] (研四六托雅宝 5550/4351 -2)
Vocabulary: omit
(once / 233 pages)
v
If you omit one member of the class when you're handing out valentines, it's going to make that person feel terrible. To omit something is to leave it out, to forget or overlook it.
The verb omit comes from the Latin word omittere, "to let go or to lay aside," which is exactly what it means. When you omit an ingredient you need for your brownie recipe from the grocery list, you've accidentally left off an important item. You can also deliberately omit something, which you'd do if you didn't include your least favorite cousin when you invited your relatives to a family reunion.
WORD FAMILY
omit: omissible, omission, omissive, omiting, omits, omitted, omitting+/ omission: omissions
USAGE EXAMPLES
As for healing, though, he omitted the topic from his assignment.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Any “Christmas Classics” playlist that omits the Velvet Fog is a joke.
Slate(Dec 23, 2016)
District Judge Richard Leon last week. What was sad, but not unexpected, is what the FTA omitted from its report.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vt. 省略; 遗漏; 删掉; 未（做）
时态：omitted, omitting, omits
分布：省略(75%)，遗漏(12%)，删去(10%)，忘记(3%)
→来自拉丁语omittere,松开，放走，来自ob-,向前，朝向，mittere,送走，使离开，词源同mission,emit.后引申词义省略，删除。
省去,略去(o出＋mit→送出→省略)[Miss,mit=send,cast,表示"送,放出"]
v.省略,删去;遗漏,忽略The typist omitted the last letter.打字员遗漏了最后一个字.
US [oʊ-] (-tt-)
verb transitive
 ADVANCED
■to fail to include or do something 疏忽，遗漏；删节，排除
• She was omitted from the list of contributors to the report. 这篇报道的撰稿人中漏掉了她的名字。
• The Prince's tour conveniently omitted the most deprived areas of the city. 亲王的巡查为避开麻烦，没有去该市最贫困的地区。
• [+ to infinitive] formal She omitted to mention that she was going to Yorkshire next week. 她没提及自己下星期打算去约克郡的事。
overlook, disregard, omit, neglect, forget, ignore
这组词都有“疏忽，忽略”的意思，其区别是：
overlook: 指因匆忙而疏忽或视而不见。
disregard: 多指有意或自觉地不顾某事。
omit: 指有意或无意地忘记做某事，也指删去被视作不重要、不合意的东西。
neglect: 侧重指有意的忽略或忽视，也可指粗心与疏忽。
forget: 普通用词，侧重某事不重要或太复杂而未能记住，也指有意疏忽或忘掉。
ignore: 通常指有意不顾，或不理显而易见的事物。
vt. [数] 省略；遗漏；删除；疏忽
 - understand, elide

Word: template
Front: template
[ˈtempleɪt] (9989/9231)
Vocabulary: template
(once / 10000 pages)
n
A template is a model or a guide for producing something. When you build your website, you might use a free template, filling in your own text and images.
Template has a few different meanings, but the most common one is as a pattern that can be used in building or reproducing something. If you are designing costumes for a production of Shakespeare, you might use the design of one of Queen Elizabeth's dresses as a template to work from. In building, a template is a block of wood that goes under a door or a wall to distribute weight.
WORD FAMILY
template: templates
USAGE EXAMPLES
OK, so with that historical template, in two years the Rams will be invited to play Air Force in the Armed Forces Bowl.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
We both grew up in families with three children – it was our shared template for a family.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
The Trump campaign in America was their template.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 样板; 模板; 型板
分布：模板(96%)，样板(4%)
→拼写受 plate 影响，改写自法语 templet,纺织工用的小支架，拉架，-et,小词后缀，可能来自 拉丁语 templum,木板，梁柱，来自 temp,展开，握住，来自 ten,延展，展开，握住， 词源同 contain,tenure.引申词义样板，模板，标准等。
noun countable
■a pattern made of metal, plastic or paper, which is used for making many copies of a shape or to help cut material accurately 样板，范本，型板
■something that is used as a pattern for producing other similar things 样板，范本
• We used the structure of his report as the template for ours. 我们把他的报告结构用作我们的范本。
■a system that helps you arrange information on a computer screen （在计电脑中整理资讯用的）范本
• a letter template 信件格式范本
n. 模板，样板
 - former, moulding board

Word: anoint
Front: anoint
[əˈnɔɪnt] (15528/20059)
Vocabulary: anoint
(once / 1149 pages)
v
To anoint means to choose by divine intervention. Or at least it seems like the big guy upstairs had something to do with it.
Saints and religious leaders are said to be anointed, but so is that new unstoppable quarterback who saved the team midseason. Anoint comes to us from the ancient Latin word unguere, which means "to smear." Which explains the other sense of this word, which is to apply with oil or another smearable substance, such as during a religious ceremony.
WORD FAMILY
anoint: anointed, anointer, anointing, anointment, anoints+/anointer: anointers/anointing: anointings/ anointment: anointments
USAGE EXAMPLES
So it’s no stretch to anoint Howard as the team’s most valuable player.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The namesake cocktail of the bar Foreign National was anointed among the 28 best in America by Elle Décor magazine.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Some believe that the myrrh the three wise men carried was the oil used by Jewish high priests to anoint the kings of Israel.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. 用油软膏涂抹; （宗教仪式上）抹油使神圣化; （如奉圣意般地）选定; 指定
时态：anointed, anointing, anoints
分布：用油擦(100%)
→来自拉丁词inunguere. -oint, 油，来自词根ung过去分词unct, 见unctuous, 油的，字母c脱落。
verb transitive
CEREMONY 仪式
■to make someone holy in a religious ceremony by putting holy water or oil on them （在宗教仪式上）涂圣水（或圣油）于
■to make someone king or queen, especially as part of a religious ceremony （尤指作为授予王位的宗教仪式的一部分）涂圣水（或圣油）于
• [+ obj + noun] In 751 Pepin was anointed king. 在751年，丕平被涂圣油，立为国王。
[ə'nɔɪnt] verb transitive
CHOOSE 挑选 formal
■to choose someone to do a particular job, usually by a person in authority （通常由权威人士）选定，指定
• [+ as + noun] It remains to be seen whom the chairman will anoint as his successor. 董事长将指定何人作为其接班人，还需拭目以待。

Word: predatory
Front: predatory
[ˈpredətri] (托 11039/12014)
Vocabulary: predatory
(once / 3138 pages)
adj
Predatory animals are those who kill and then eat — in other words, "prey on" — other animals. Hawks, lions, alligators, and human beings are all predatory animals.
Predatory is also used when one party victimizes another for personal gain. For example, businesses are often accused of "predatory practices" when they take advantage of senior citizens, the uneducated, or people who simply don’t understand the specifics of the loan or insurance policy they're signing up for. This is why it’s important to read the fine print of business documents.
WORD FAMILY
predatory: predatorily+/ predator: predators, predatory
USAGE EXAMPLES
“This attack shows how rampant Russian hacking is. It’s systemic, relentless, predatory,” Rep. Peter Welch said in a statement.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Others complain of entrenched corruption at all levels, and predatory police.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
Ms. Warren called the garnishments “predatory” and said she would work to ban them.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 掠夺成性的; 食肉的; 捕食生物的
分布：掠夺的(60%)，捕食生物的(40%)
→来自predator,捕食者。
US [-tɔ:r-] adjective
■A predatory animal kills and eats other animals （动物）以捕食其他动物为生的，食肉的
• The owl is a predatory bird which kills its prey with its claws. 猫头鹰是一种掠食性鸟类，它用爪子杀死猎物。
■mainly disapproving
■A predatory person or organization tries to get something that belongs to someone else （人或组织）掠夺（性）的，掠夺成性的
• The company spent much effort in avoiding takeover bids from predatory competitors. 该公司作出很多努力防止掠夺性的竞争对手对其施行收购。
■disapproving
■describes someone who expresses sexual interest in a very obvious way 好色成性的
• I hate going to bars on my own because men look at you in such a predatory way. 我不喜欢一个人去酒吧，因为那里的男人会色眯眯地看着你。
adj. 掠夺的，掠夺成性的；食肉的；捕食生物的
 - rapacious, spoliatory

Word: query
Front: query
[ˈkwɪəri] (托宝 9831/5285 -2)
Vocabulary: query
(once / 424 pages)
nv
A query is a question, or the search for a piece of information.
The Latin root quaere means "to ask" and it's the basis of the words inquiry, question, quest, request, and query. Query often fits the bill when referring to Internet searches, polite professional discourse, and subtle pleas. You could query as to the whereabouts of the lavatory, but you'd sound a bit prim and be better off asking "Where's the toilet?" If your job entails dealing with annoying questions and complaints, you could make it sound better by proclaiming, "I respond to customer queries."
WORD FAMILY
query: queried, queries, querying
USAGE EXAMPLES
People’s Pharmacy also answers reader queries on neuropathy and hibiscus tea.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The city Department of Transportation didn’t immediately respond to a query about the viability of his claim.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Who better to query then for some New Year’s Eve advice?
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 问题; 疑问; 询问; 问号
vt. 质疑，对…表示疑问
vi. 询问; 表示怀疑
时态：queried, querying, queries
分布：疑问(47%)，质问(27%)，疑问号(21%)，对 ... 表示怀疑(5%)
→来自拉丁语quaere, 疑问， 询问， 查问， 可能来自kwo, 疑问代词词干， 词源同 quality,quantity,who,how.
质问,疑问(quer+y)[Quest,quir,quis,quer=seek,search,表示"寻求,询问"]
US ['kwɪr.i] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a question, often expressing doubt about something or looking for an answer from an authority 疑问，问题
• If you have any queries about your treatment, the doctor will answer them. 医生将解答您对治疗的任何疑问。
UK ['kwɪə.ri] US ['kwɪr.i] verb transitive
■to ask questions, especially in order to check if something is true 提问；质问，怀疑
• A few students have queried their marks. 有几个学生对他们的分数表示怀疑。
• [+ question word] She queried wh ether three months was long enough. 她问三个月是否够长。
• [+ speech] "Any chance of a cup of tea?" he queried hopefully. “能否喝杯茶？”他满怀希望地问。
n. 疑问，质问；疑问号
 - doubt, question
vt. [计] 询问；对……表示疑问
 - question, inquire about
vi. [计] 询问；表示怀疑
 - question, inquire about

Word: astute
Front: astute
[əˈstju:t] (托宝 13115/13698 -1)
Vocabulary: astute
(once / 1835 pages)
adj
Someone who is astute is clever and has good judgment. The kid running around with a bucket stuck on his head? Not so astute.
Astute (from Latin) is a formal and flattering adjective for someone with a good head on their shoulders. It differs from its synonym shrewd in placing less emphasis on hardheadedness than on sensitivity: we talk about a shrewd bargainer but an astute interpretation. Other synonyms are perceptive (emphasizing insight) and discerning (emphasizing an ability to distinguish).
WORD FAMILY
astute: astutely, astuteness, astuter, astutest
USAGE EXAMPLES
Serving for 14 years as MP for Slough, in Berkshire, he was, according to the Daily Telegraph, a "tough, astute and popular" parliamentarian.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Vaughan described 25-year-old Root as "a world class player, the best batsman in the team, thoughtful and tactically very astute".
BBC(Dec 20, 2016)
These points are astute, but as a recent college graduate, I believe that stories like this must be told.
New York Times(Oct 12, 2016)
Back: adj. 机敏的，精明的，狡猾的; 聪慧
分布：精明的(51%)，机敏的(29%)，狡猾的(20%)
→可能来自希腊语asty, 城市，来自词根st, 站立。词源同asteism, 城里人的，故作绅士派头的。
【反】fatuous（adj 愚昧的；愚笨的）
US [-'stu:t] adjective
■clever and quick to see how to take advantage of a situation 敏锐的；精明的
• an astute investor/businesswoman 精明的投资者／女商人
• his astute handling of the situation 他对局势的巧妙处理
• an astute observer of human behaviour 人类行为的敏锐观察者
adj. 机敏的；狡猾的，诡计多端的
 - designing, knowing, subtle

Word: booker
Front: booker
['bʊkə] (29214/19994)
Back: n. （旅馆车票、戏票等的）登记人
分布：寻选模特儿的人(100%)

Word: certification
Front: certification
[ˌsɜ:tɪfɪˈkeɪʃn] (宝 6117/10649)
Back: n. 证明，鉴定，证书
分布：认证(73%)，证书(18%)，证明(7%)，鉴定(2%)
【记】certify（v 证明，保证）
VERB
证明;出具证明;证实
If someone in an official position certifies something, they officially state that it is true.
例：...if the president certified that the project would receive at least $650m from overseas sources...如果总统证明这个工程将获得至少6.5亿美元的海外资金
例：The National Election Council is supposed to certify the results of the election...全国选举委员会应对选举结果出具证明。
VERB
给…颁发合格（或结业）证书
If someone is certified as a particular kind of worker, they are given a certificate stating that they have successfully completed a course of training in their profession.
例：They wanted to get certified as divers.他们想拿到潜水员资格证。
例：...a certified accountant...持证会计
n. [法] 证明，保证；检定
 - authentication, demonstration, assurance, commitment, proof

Word: mingle
Front: mingle
[ˈmɪŋgl] (研六托雅宝 8350/8698 -1)
Vocabulary: mingle
(once / 168 pages)
v
When things mingle, that means they mix together while still retaining their individual qualities. At a club you may hear laughter that seems to mingle with the sound of the band playing in the background.
Mingle often describes abstract things, like smells or tastes or feelings. The look on your face may mingle compassion and horror when you taste your brother’s attempt at making Key Lime Pie. Mingle can also describe what you do at a social gathering when you move around a lot and talk to many different people. If you’re an outgoing person, at a party you probably like to mingle and talk to friends and also chat with new people.
WORD FAMILY
mingle: intermingle, mingled, mingles, mingling+/ intermingle: intermingled, intermingles, intermingling/mingled: unmingled/mingling: minglings
USAGE EXAMPLES
One report suggested he abandoned his weapon and mingled with the crowd outside pretending to be an injured civilian.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Guests mingled over drinks by the pool, which was framed by banquette tables lit from above by strings of bulbs.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
As mundanity mingles with tragedy, we confront the inevitable Popian letdown: Do we care enough?
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 混合，混淆
vi. 混进，与…交往
时态：mingled, mingling, mingles
分布：交往(44%)，使混合(22%)，使结合(13%)，混在一起(13%)，联合(8%)
→来自古英语mengan,来自mag,揉，捏，形成，词源同among,massage.即揉在一起，引申词义融合，混合。mingle 融合，混合
v.(使)混合The king mingled with the people in the streets.国王和街上的人群混在一起了.
【记】源于：mix（v 使混和）
【反】separate（v 分开）；sequester（v 使隐退；使隔绝）
verb
MIX 混合
intransitive or transitive
■to mix or combine, or be mixed or combined （使）混合；（使）相混
• The excitement of starting a new job is always mingled with a certain apprehension. 刚开始一份新工作时，兴奋中总是掺杂着一点担忧。
• The two flavours mingle well. 两种味道混合在一起十分搭配。
['mɪŋ.gl] verb
BE WITH 和…在一起
intransitive
■to move around and talk to other people at a social event （在社交场合）相交往，相往来
• You've been talking to Roger all evening - you really ought to be mingling with the other guests. 你整晚都和罗杰说话——你真的该和其他客人聊聊。
mingle, merge, blend, combine, mix
这组词都有“混合”的意思，其区别是：
mingle: 暗示混合后的各成分仍保持各自的特性，能辨别出来。
merge: 指一种成分被别一种成分吸收或融合，着重成分的个性消失在整体之中。
blend: 一般可与mix和mingle换用。混合与其各成分的性质通常是一致的，侧重混合整体的统一性与和谐性。
combine: 通常用于化学反应中，指化合物等。
mix: 含义广泛，侧重混合的一致性，混合的各成分可能按原样存在，但不一定能辨别出来。
vi. 混合；交往
 - travel, company, sort, associate
vt. 使混合；使相混
 - composite, babelize

Word: seaside
Front: seaside
[ˈsi:saɪd] (高研六 12240/7563 -1)
Back: n. 海滨; 海边
adj. 海边的; 海滨的
分布：海边(100%)
n.海滨,海边To abide the abiding bidding, the oxide bidder strides on the seaside.为了忍耐无休止的吩咐,氧化物投标者在海滨阔步行走.
N-SING
(尤指作为度假地的)海边，海滨
You can refer to an area that is close to the sea, especially one where people go for their holidays, as the seaside .
例：I went to spend a few days at the seaside...我去海滨玩了几天。
例：The town was Redcar, a seaside resort on the Cleveland coast.那个城镇叫雷德卡，是克利夫兰海岸上的一个海滨胜地。
shore, bank, seaside, beach, coast
这组词都有“岸”的意思，其区别是：
shore: 指紧靠大湖泊或海洋的陆地边缘或靠海的休养地。
bank: 多指有一定坡度的河岸、湖岸或堤岸。
seaside: 尤指疗养地、游览地区的海边。
beach: 指倾斜度小，被海、湖或河水冲刷而有沙或卵石积存的地方。
coast: 地理学上的名词，专指被视为边界的沿海陆地的尽头。
n. 海边； [海洋] 海滨
 - shore, sea-shore
adj. 海边的； [海洋] 海滨的
 - littoral

Word: rugged
Front: rugged
[ˈrʌgɪd] (托 6996/9918 -1)
Vocabulary: rugged
(once / 499 pages)
1adj 2adj
Terrain that is broken and uneven is called rugged. If you want an easy hike, you should stay away from the rugged coastline. That rocky shoreline is definitely for the more experienced hikers.
The same sense of unevenness applies to other things that are described as rugged. If someone tells a man that he has a rugged face, it's meant to compliment his rough, strong looks. Rugged can also describe something that is steady, sturdy, and strong. Only your rugged constitution will keep you alive in that period of famine between your after school snack and dinner.
WORD FAMILY
rugged: ruggeder, ruggedest, ruggedise, ruggedize, ruggedly, ruggedness+/ruggedise: ruggedisation/ruggedize: ruggedization, ruggedized/ruggedness: ruggednesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
A row of rugged mountain peaks loomed to the west.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
There are stunning vistas of rugged, bucolic coastal inlets.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Indeed, my time on the most rugged hilltop trail was surprisingly luxurious.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 崎岖的; 凹凸不平的; 结实的; 崴
分布：崎岖的(65%)，坚固耐用的(14%)，粗犷的(10%)，高低不平的(7%)，粗鲁的(4%)
→来自古诺斯语 rogg,粗毛，粗布，词源同 rug.引申词义粗糙的，粗犷的，崎岖的，不平的等。
adjective
NOT EVEN 不平的
■(of land) wild and not even; not easy to travel over （土地）荒芜崎岖的；崎岖难行的
• rugged landscape/terrain/hills/cliffs 崎岖的地貌／高低不平的地形／陡峭的山丘／嶙峋突兀的悬崖
['rʌg.ɪd] adjective
STRONG 结实的
■strong and simple; not delicate 坚固的；耐用的；结实的；简单皮实的
• Jeeps are rugged vehicles, designed for rough conditions. 吉普车是种很皮实的车，专为崎岖难行的路况而设计的。
■describes a man's face that is strongly and attractively formed 相貌粗犷的；强壮英俊的
• She fell for his rugged good looks. 她为他英俊粗犷的相貌所倾倒。
adj. 崎岖的；坚固的；高低不平的；粗糙的
 - crude, rough, harsh, coarse

Word: pivot
Front: pivot
[ˈpɪvət] (托雅宝 15361/16008 -1)
Vocabulary: pivot
(once / 1510 pages)
nv
To pivot is to turn or rotate, like a hinge. Or a basketball player pivoting back and forth on one foot to protect the ball.
When you're not talking about a type of swiveling movement, you can use pivot to mean the one central thing that something depends upon. The central pivot of your student government campaign, for example, might be longer recess time. Or your plans to go to the beach this weekend could pivot upon whether it rains, as the weather channel has predicted, or gets surprisingly sunny.
WORD FAMILY
pivot: pivotal, pivoted, pivoting, pivots, pivotting+/ pivotal: pivotally
USAGE EXAMPLES
Dayton asked of a pivot to the federal level.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
His sense of humor is disarming, as he pivots from comical to solemn in a split-second.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
John Pomfret: 45 years ago, Kissinger envisioned a ‘pivot’ to Russia.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 枢轴; 中心点，中枢; [物]支点，支枢; [体]回转运动
vi. 在枢轴上转动; 随…转移
vt. 把…放在枢轴上; 以…为核心; 使绕枢轴旋转; 由…而定
adj. 枢轴的; 关键的
时态：pivoted, pivoting, pivots
分布：枢(52%)，旋转(17%)，中心(15%)，在枢轴上转动(6%)，关键的(4%)，装枢轴于(4%)，以 ... 为中心(1%)，在枢轴上转动的(1%)
→来自古法语pivot,绞链，门合页。引申词义中心，枢轴，核心等。
noun countable
■a fixed point supporting something which turns or balances 枢轴；支点
■the central or most important person or thing in a situation 关键人物；枢纽
• The former guerrilla leader has become the pivot on which the country's emerging political stability turns/revolves (= it depends on him). 前游击队领袖成了决定该国的政治局势能否继续稳定下去的关键人物。
n. [力] 枢轴；中心点；旋转运动
 - center, central point
vi. 在枢轴上转动；随…转移
 - be relative to
adj. [力] 枢轴的；关键的
 - key

Word: prefecture
Front: prefecture
[ˈpri:fektʃə(r)] (29780/37427)
Back: n. 地方官的任期，辖区
分布：县(87%)，管区(8%)，任期(5%)
→来自prefect,地方行政长官，-ure,名词后缀。即地方行政长官所管理的区域。
n. 县；管区，辖区；地方官的任期
 - county, hsien

Word: teeter
Front: teeter
[ˈti:tə(r)] (宝 11462/18679 -1)
Vocabulary: teeter
(once / 6071 pages)
vn
To teeter is to waver or sway a bit from lack of balance. When people first learn to ride a bicycle, they inevitably teeter for a while before becoming more skilled and confident.
A beginning gymnast will teeter on the balance beam, and anyone who's not accustomed to high-heeled shoes will teeter as they walk in them. Figuratively, you might even teeter, or hesitate, between two hard choices. A "teeter-totter," or seesaw, is a playground toy for two people, a long board fixed on a center support, designed so that when one kid is down, the other is up.
WORD FAMILY
teeter: teetered, teetering, teeters
USAGE EXAMPLES
A week later, Muhammad was still teetering between life and death.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
As the regime teetered and fell, Mr. Bakiyev fled and found refuge in Belarus.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
But the fact that they describe a teetering world of rigid class boundaries and vanishing deference is often mistaken for a tacit endorsement.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: v. 摇晃，蹒跚; 上下动，前后动; 犹豫不决; 使…上下晃动
n. 踉跄，摇摆; 跷跷板
时态：teetered, teetering, teeters
分布：摇摇欲坠(49%)，摇摆(21%)，犹豫不决(10%)，翘翘板(10%)，上下往复的运动(10%)
→改写自中古英语 titter,摇摆，蹒跚，可能来自古诺斯语 titra,摇摆，摇晃，来自 Proto*ti-tra,摇 摆，摇晃，最终词源可能同 totter,toddle.
【记】读：替他，因为他总是忧郁，所以替换他。
【反】stabilize（v 稳定）
US [-tˌɚ] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to appear to be about to fall while moving or standing 摇晃，摇摇欲坠；蹒跚行走
• Delia was teetering around in five-inch heels. 迪莉亚穿着五英寸高的高跟鞋摇摇晃晃地走来走去。
UK ['ti:.tər] US [-tˌɚ] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
teeter on the brink/edge of sth
■If something is teetering on the brink/edge of a bad situation, it is likely that the situation will happen soon 濒临，处于（糟糕形势）的边缘
• What we are seeing now is a country teetering on the brink of civil war. 我们现在所看到的是一个濒临内战的国家。
vi. 摇晃；玩跷跷板；步履蹒跚；摇摇欲坠
 - rock, roll
vt. 使…摇摆；使…上下晃动
 - hotch
n. 跷跷板；摇摆
 - swing, ricketiness

Word: uneven
Front: uneven
[ʌnˈi:vn] (雅 8088/7005 -1)
Vocabulary: uneven
(once / 1235 pages)
1adj 2adj 3adj
Uneven is the opposite of uniform and predictable. If the road is uneven, it's bumpy and rough, and you’ll have to dodge the potholes.
If your performance as Hamlet is uneven, your "To be or not to be" might be brilliant, but you mumble through "Get thee to a nunnery!" If the economic recovery is uneven, it's not the same in every sector — maybe manufacturing and exports are picking up steam but the housing market is still lagging. If your soccer team of skinny 12-year-olds is up against a team of beefy 16-year-old giants, it's an uneven match and likely to be ugly.
WORD FAMILY
uneven: unevenly, unevenness+/ even: evened, evener, evenest, eveningly, evenly, evenness, evens, uneven /unevenness: unevennesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
An uneven 109-98 victory over the lowly Suns in Staples Center would hardly classify as a “fix.”
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
So, why does this fightin’ team produce such uneven results until it’s in a desperate situation?
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
It is always uneven, discontinuous, reversible, contradictory, producing winners and losers, no force of nature but manmade.”
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 不平坦的，凹凸不平的; 不一律的，参差不齐的; 不势均力敌的; [数]奇数的
分布：不平坦的(43%)，不均匀的(41%)，奇数的(11%)，不规律的(5%)
adjective
NOT EVEN 不平的
 ADVANCED
■not level, equal, flat or continuous 不平整的；参差不齐的；不平等的；不平坦的；不连续的
• Take care when you walk on that path - the paving stones are rather uneven. 走那条路时要小心——铺路石很不平坦。
• There is an uneven distribution of wealth across the country from the north to the south. 全国的财富分配南北很不均衡。
• The contest was very uneven - the other team was far stronger than us. 比赛很不平等——对方参赛队的实力比我们强很多。
[ʌn'i:.vən] adjective
NOT GOOD 不好的
■different in quality; often used to avoid saying bad 品质不稳定的，时好时坏的（常用于委婉批评品质差）
• Your work has been rather uneven this term, Matthew. 马修，你的功课这学期很不稳定。
adj. 不均匀的；不平坦的； [数] 奇数的
 - odd, heterogeneous

Word: trawl
Front: trawl
[trɔ:l] (宝 17677/20908 -1)
Back: n. 拖网; 排钩绳
vt. & vi. 用拖网捕鱼
vt. 查阅（档案等）
时态：trawled, trawling, trawls
分布：拖网(65%)，用拖网捕鱼(15%)，搜罗(10%)，排钩(10%)
→来自荷兰语 tragelen,拉网，来自拉丁语 tragula,鱼网，词源同 drag.
【记】traw＝draw拉，l：用拉网的方法捕鱼。
US [trɑ:l] verb
FISH 鱼
transitive
■to pull a large cone-shaped net through the sea at a deep level behind a special boat in order to catch fish 在…用拖网捕鱼
• They trawl these waters for cod. 他们用拖网在这些水域里捕鳕鱼。
UK [trɔ:l] US [trɑ:l] verb
SEARCH 搜寻
intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep]
■to search among a large number or many different places in order to find people or information you want 搜寻；网罗
• The newspaper had trawled its files for photos of the new minister. 该报在其档案中搜寻新任部长的照片。
• You need to trawl through a lot of data to get results that are valid. 要想获得有效的结果，你得搜寻大量资料。
UK [trɔ:l] US [trɑ:l] noun countable
SEARCH 搜寻
■a search among a large number or many different places in order to find people or information you want 搜寻；网罗
• We did a wide trawl to find the right person to play the part. 我们到处物色扮演这个角色的合适人选。
UK [trɔ:l] US [trɑ:l] noun countable
NET 网 (also trawl net)
■a large cone-shaped net used for trawling the water for fish 拖网
n. [水产] 拖网；排钩
 - townet, dragnet

Word: afoot
Front: afoot
[əˈfʊt] (17330/19318 -1)
Vocabulary: afoot
(once / 1792 pages)
advadj
Something that's afoot is already happening, underway, or being prepared. You might reassure your fellow French club members that plans are afoot for a fund raiser to support your upcoming trip to Québec.
People frequently say that plans are afoot when they've started preparing for a party, an election campaign, a job hunt, or anything else that requires some planning. Plans might be afoot for your dad's surprise party, for example, or your sister's wedding. Another, less common way to use afoot is to mean "on foot," or "walking." You could tell your teacher that you're late to school because you missed the bus and had to travel afoot.
WORD FAMILY
afoot
USAGE EXAMPLES
With change so palpably afoot, this should be our time.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
No, something more personal and equally futile must be afoot.
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
Efforts are afoot to break down those risks and bring new candidates to attention.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. & adv. 徒步的（地）; 正在进行的（地）; 活动着的（地）; 不对劲的（地）
分布：在进行中(44%)，徒步的(35%)，徒步地(7%)，在准备中地(7%)，在准备中的(7%)
→来自短语 on foot.
adjective [after verb]
■happening or being planned or prepared 进行中的；策划中的；准备中的
• There are plans afoot to launch a new radio station. 成立一家新广播电台的计划正在酝酿之中。
adj. 在进行中的；徒步的；准备中
 - pedestrian
adv. 在进行中，在准备中
 - in hand, agoing

Word: debit
Front: debit
[ˈdebɪt] (19408/12365 -1)
Vocabulary: debit
(once / 5298 pages)
nv
A debit is a payment made or charged, or the notation of the amount charged. Trying to track down the mysterious $2 debit to your bank account is almost never fruitful, but you’re bound to do it anyway.
From the Latin debere, meaning “to owe,” and just one i away from its more blunt cousin debt, a debit seems like a little word. But add an s to the end, and those charges really add up. You can use the word debit as a verb — “to debit your account,” or a noun — “the debit on your account,” but either way, a debit means you have less money than you had before!
WORD FAMILY
debit: debited, debiting, debits
USAGE EXAMPLES
So be ready to ask for your “automatic” refund and check a box for a true refund to your credit or debit card.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Police say every applicant will need an email account and a credit or debit card.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
It returned the remaining $21 on a debit card subject to an array of fees.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 借方; 借方帐目; 缺点，弊端
vt. 记入借方
时态：debited, debiting, debits
分布：借(77%)，借方(18%)，借项(3%)，记入借方(1%)，缺点(1%)
→来自拉丁语debere, 欠债，亏欠，词源同debt, debit. 即银行发给储户的欠款凭证。
借方;负债[deb=owe(欠债)]
noun countable or uncountable
■(a record of) money taken out of a bank account 借项
• The account was in debit at the end of the month (= more money had been spent than was in the account at that time). 月底帐面出现入不敷支。
• Debits are shown in the left-hand column. 借方纪录展示在左边一栏里。
Compare credit
['deb.ɪt] verb transitive
■to take money out of an account or keep a record of this 借记
• The bank debited my account. 银行从我的帐户上扣去存款。
• The bank debited the money from my account. 银行从我的帐户上扣去存款。
• The unauthorised borrowing fee will be debited to your account. 未经许可的借贷费用会记在你的帐上。
n. 借方
 - debtor

Word: continually
Front: continually
[kən'tɪnjʊəlɪ] (托 5510/4684)
Vocabulary: continually
(once / 226 pages)
adv
When you do something continually, you do it over and over again. If you keep checking your email to see if you've gotten an important message, you can say you check it continually.
The adverb continually is good for describing something you do repeatedly, or on a regular basis. Your little brother, for example, might complain continually that he's hungry for ice cream. The word continuously is easy to confuse with continually — when you do something continually, you take breaks in between, but when you do it continuously, you don't stop at all. Both come from a Latin root, continuare, or "join together."
WORD FAMILY
continual: continually
USAGE EXAMPLES
Continually over the last few years we’ve seen capital improvement projects soar past their projected budgets and taxpayers are left footing the bill.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The Department of Correction says it’s reviewing the cases and continually assessing its practices.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Twitter, in particular, continually partners with movie studios and TV networks on exclusive emojis that are activated with specific hashtags.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adv. 不停地; 持续地; 屡屡地; 一再地
分布：频繁地(54%)，不断地(46%)
ADJ
不停的;不间断的
A continual process or situation happens or exists without stopping.
例：The school has been in continual use since 1883...自1883年以来，该校从未停办过。
例：They felt continual pressure to perform well...他们不断感受到压力，促使他们好好表演。
ADJ
一再的;反复的;频繁的
Continual events happen again and again.
例：...the government's continual demands for cash to finance its chronic deficit...政府为补贴长期的财政赤字而对资金的持续需求
例：She suffered continual police harassment.她不断受到警方的骚扰。
adv. 不断地；频繁地
 - constantly, forever, frequently, unceasingly, straight

Word: deliberation
Front: deliberation
[dɪˌlɪbəˈreɪʃn] (7957/8476 -1)
Vocabulary: deliberation
(once / 692 pages)
n
The process of carefully considering what to do is called deliberation, like your deliberation before making one of the most important decisions in your life.
The noun deliberation comes from the Latin word deliberare, meaning “weigh,” or “consider well.” Whenever a person or group needs to work through all of the possible solutions to a problem, this is deliberation. Something that is deliberate is done on purpose, not by chance or accident — deliberation carries this same spirit, in that it is a carefully thought-out process of making a decision.
WORD FAMILY
deliberation: deliberations+/ deliberate: deliberated, deliberately, deliberateness, deliberates, deliberating, deliberatingly, deliberation, deliberative/deliberative: deliberatively
USAGE EXAMPLES
His two-hour confession to the FBI seemed key to jurors’ deliberation.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The panelists are scheduled to resume deliberations Thursday, the fourth day, in U.S.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Maui County Prosecutor John Kim declined to comment until jurors are done with the second phase of deliberations.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 考虑，深思熟虑; 评议，审议; （言语、行动等的）从容; 沉着，慎重
分布：审议(68%)，从容(18%)，熟虑(14%)
→de-, 向下，强调。-liber, 秤，称量，词源同Libra,equilibrium.即反复称量的，审慎。
noun
DISCUSSION 讨论
countable or uncountable formal
■considering or discussing something 考虑；讨论
• After much deliberation, she decided to accept their offer. 经过反覆考虑，她决定接受他们的报价。
• After five days of deliberations, the jury decided on a verdict. 经过五天的讨论，陪审团作出了判决。
[dɪˌlɪb.ə'reɪ.ʃən] noun
CAREFUL 仔细
uncountable
■when something is done slowly and carefully 从容；审慎
• Slowly and with deliberation she turned to me and told me to get out. 她不慌不忙地转过身来叫我出去。
n. 审议；考虑；从容；熟思
 - consideration of, leisureliness

Word: fledged
Front: fledged
[fledʒd] (36960/19759)
Back: adj. （指鸟）羽翼丰满的，会飞的
v. （鸟）长羽毛( fledge的过去式和过去分词 ); 给（箭）装上羽毛; 把（小鸟）养到能够飞翔; 用羽毛[绒羽]装饰
分布：成熟的(81%)，羽毛长成的(13%)，动词fledge的过去式和过去分词.(6%)
→来自pleu, 飞，词源同fly. 拼写受-dge影响，见bridge, judge, knowledge
adjective
■(of young birds) able to fly （幼鸟）能飞翔的 See fully-fledged
adj. 成熟的；快会飞的；羽毛丰满的
 - developed, mature, adult

Word: knack
Front: knack
[næk] (宝 11646/13703 -1)
Vocabulary: knack
(once / 2203 pages)
n
If you have a knack for doing something, you do it well. You may have a knack for baking cakes or a knack for cracking jokes. These things come easy to you.
Although the noun knack refers to a special talent, the sense is that is a more innate talent — as opposed to a certain technique. So if someone instinctively has a talent for fixing plumbing, for example, you can say they have a knack for it. If, however, they unclog a sink by having a wrench in one hand and a how-to book in the other, then they may have the technique, but they probably don't have the knack.
WORD FAMILY
knack: knacks
USAGE EXAMPLES
During British rule, they showed a knack for commerce, some prospering from the opium trade with China.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
His mother, who sewed clothing from flour sacks, was a keen observer of human foibles, and he credited her for instilling a knack for psychology.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 23, 2016)
He ranked 14th among relievers in left-on-base percentage, in part because of his knack for getting double plays.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 诀窍，窍门; 熟练技术，技巧; 需要技巧的工作; 巧妙手法
分布：诀窍(64%)，技巧(36%)
→词源不详，可能来自拟声词，击打的声音。原义为花招，诡计，后引申词义特殊的技能，本领。
【记】源于：knock的变体，就是敲开脑袋，让人开窍－窍门读：NIKE，因为有了商业窍门才会成功。
【参】knocker（n 门环）
【反】foolishness（n 愚蠢）
noun only singular
■a skill or an ability to do something easily and well 技能；本领；技巧
• a knack for remembering faces 记人的本领
• She has the knack of making people feel comfortable. 她有让人如沐春风的本事。
• There's a knack to using this corkscrew. 用这个瓶塞钻有个窍诀。
n. 诀窍；本领；熟练技术；巧妙手法
 - skill, know-how

Word: luther
Front: luther
[ˈlu:θə] (-/14916)
Back: n. 卢瑟（姓氏，男子名； Martin,马丁·路德， 1483-1546，德国宗教改革家）
分布：名词(100%)

Word: penetration
Front: penetration
[ˌpenɪˈtreɪʃn] (六宝 10864/7800)
Vocabulary: penetration
(once / 1767 pages)
1n 2n 3n 4n
Penetration refers to entering or making your way through something. It's also a deep insight.
When something penetrates, it’s going through something else, so penetration is an example of this happening. You could talk about the penetration of a jacket by a knife, or the penetration of a fortress by an army. When a basketball team pierces the other team's defenses, it's called penetration. Also, in-depth perception or insight is called penetration. Just like physical penetration goes deep into something, mental penetration implies deep understanding of an idea or situation.
WORD FAMILY
penetration: penetrations+/impenetrability: impenetrabilities/ impenetrable: impenetrability, impenetrableness, impenetrably/interpenetrate: interpenetrated, interpenetrates, interpenetrating, interpenetration/interpenetration: interpenetrations/penetrability: penetrabilities/ penetrable: impenetrable, penetrability/ penetrate: interpenetrate, penetrable, penetrated, penetrates, penetrating, penetration, penetrative, penetrator/penetrating: penetratingly/penetrator: penetrators
USAGE EXAMPLES
If the Vikings can get some sort of penetration through the best offensive line in football, they could have a chance.
Washington Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Although the program focuses on areas of low solar penetration, those selected for the program will not have to prove a particular income level.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 23, 2016)
“He had plenty of time in the pocket. We didn’t get in the pocket at all, no penetration. We have to do better.”
Washington Times(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: n. 渗透; 穿透; [军]突破; 洞察力
分布：渗透(84%)，突破(9%)，洞察力(4%)，侵入(3%)
noun uncountable
MOVEMENT INTO 穿透
■a movement into or through something or someone 进入；穿透
• Sunscreens can help reduce the penetration of ultraviolet rays into the skin. 防晒乳可以减少紫外线穿透皮肤。
• The company is trying to increase its penetration of the market. 该公司正在努力扩大其市场占有率。
■the act of a man putting his penis into his sexual partner's vagina or anus during sexual activity （性交时阴茎的）插入
[ˌpen.ɪ'treɪ.ʃən] noun uncountable
UNDERSTANDING 理解 formal
■someone's ability to understand quickly and well 洞察力
n. 渗透；突破；侵入；洞察力
 - breakthrough, perception, insight, infiltration, intrusion

Word: mesh
Front: mesh
[meʃ] (六雅宝 7709/9966 -1)
Vocabulary: mesh
(once / 1528 pages)
nv
Use the word mesh for fabric made of loosely woven fibers. A butterfly net is made of mesh, and so is a window screen.
Some mesh is made from string or fabric, like a fishing net or a mesh sports jersey, while other mesh is metal or plastic, like a tea strainer. In either case, it's woven loosely enough that there are small holes throughout its surface. Another meaning of mesh is "harmonize" or "work well together." In the fourteenth century, it was spelled mesche, and it meant "open space in a net," from the Old English word for net, max.
WORD FAMILY
mesh: enmesh, meshed, meshes, meshing+/enmesh: enmeshed, enmeshes, enmeshing/meshed: intermeshed
USAGE EXAMPLES
With “rainy day fund” balances under stress, state officials must ensure that their spending meshes with needs and priorities.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Her talkative enthusiasm meshes with his phlegmatic skepticism.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
The metal serves as a background for stripes and an area of mesh in the two-part “Cloudy With a Chance of Rain.”
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 网孔，网眼，网状物; 陷阱，困境; [机]（齿轮的）啮合
vt. & vi. （使）吻合; 相配，匹配; 用网捕，使缠住; 紧密配合
vi. （机器零件）啮合
时态：meshed, meshing, meshs
分布：啮合(54%)，网孔(11%)，网状物(8%)，互相协调(5%)，被网缠住(5%)，罗网(5%)，使啮合(5%)，以网捕捉(5%)，使匹配(2%)
→来自古英语max,网，来自mezg,纺织，编织，可能来自meik,混合，词源同mix,miscellany.
【记】读：卖诗，卖师的时候要一句啮合着一句卖，这才叫诗。
【反】disengage（v 脱离）
noun countable or uncountable
■(a piece of) material like a net with spaces in it, made from wire, plastic or thread （金属丝、塑胶或线织成的）网，网状物
• a sieve with a fine/large mesh 细／粗筛孔的滤网
• a wire mesh fence 金属丝网栅
[meʃ] verb intransitive
SUIT 适合
■When different things or people mesh, they suit each other or work well together 紧密配合；相互协调
• The members of the team just didn't mesh. 这支队伍的队员根本并不协调。
• Whether the new personal pension works will depend much on how well it meshes with employers' schemes. 新的个人退休金制度能否行得通，很大程度取决于这个制度能否与雇主的计划方案相配合。
[meʃ] verb intransitive
JOIN 接合 specialized
■to join together in the correct position 啮合
• The car's gears aren't meshing properly. 汽车的齿轮没有啮合好。
n. 网眼；网丝；圈套
 - web, trap
vt. [机] 啮合；以网捕捉
 - joggle

Word: makeshift
Front: makeshift
[ˈmeɪkʃɪft] (宝 8767/11786 -1)
Vocabulary: makeshift
(once / 3047 pages)
adjn
If you have to use a garbage can lid as a sled or a set of drapes as a ball gown, then you know what it means to put together a makeshift creation. Something makeshift has been improvised, thrown together with whatever is around.
What's interesting about makeshift is the way it can vary in meaning from approval to criticism. Those people trapped in the island in Lost? They came up with some pretty cool makeshift tents and survival ideas. But a government described as makeshift, for example, probably has little going for it.
WORD FAMILY
makeshift: makeshifts
USAGE EXAMPLES
The float will be festooned with thousands of flowers beneath a giant gold crown, which will serve as a makeshift altar for the ceremony.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
A makeshift memorial was installed inside the Sochi airport, and people brought candles and flowers.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Outside, a soldier in a Santa hat did pull-ups at a makeshift gym.
Reuters(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 权宜之计; 临时替代品
adj. 临时的; 权宜之计的; 凑合的
分布：临时的(94%)，临时替代物(6%)
→比喻用法。
【记】make作出，shift转移：对一件事情作出转移－权宜之计
adjective
■temporary and of low quality, but used because of a sudden need 权宜的；临时代用的
• Thousands of refugees are living in makeshift camps. 数千个难民居住在临时帐篷里。
n. 权宜之计；凑合；临时措施；将就
 - quick fix, provisional measure
adj. 临时的；权宜之计的；凑合的
 - temporary, extraordinary, odd, occasional

Word: scrub
Front: scrub
[skrʌb] (六托宝 7546/7929 -2)
Vocabulary: scrub
(once / 622 pages)
1vn 2v 3n 4adj
When you scrub something, you wash it forcefully. You might scrub your dirty bathtub with a brush and some bleach, for example.
When you scrub your floor, you use elbow grease — in other words, you work hard to get the floor clean. You might need to scrub your fingernails after a morning working on your car's engine, rubbing with a nail brush to get the grease off. Word experts think that scrub comes from the Middle Low German word schrubben, which also means "to scrub."
WORD FAMILY
scrub: scrubbed, scrubber, scrubbing, scrubby, scrubs+/scrubber: scrubbers/scrubbing: scrubbings/scrubby: scrubbier, scrubbiest, scrubbily, scrubbiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
I use the grapefruit shower gel, and I’m obsessed with the brown sugar scrub.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
I use it to scrub the inside of the toilet.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
Cleaning consisted of applying a special solution geared to removing algae and other material, scrubbing the stones, and hosing them off.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 用力擦洗，刷洗; 取消（原有安排）
vt. 对…不予考虑，取消; 使净化，用力擦洗
n. 灌木丛，矮树丛; 矮小的人; 擦，擦洗
时态：scrubbed, scrubbing, scrubs
分布：用力擦洗(51%)，矮树(38%)，渺小之物(11%)
→来自 shrub 拼写变体，词义由灌木引申为扫帚，刷子，刷洗，擦洗等。比较 broom,扫帚，原 义为灌木。
【记】源于：shrub（n 灌木丛）
verb (-bb-)
CLEAN 清理
intransitive or transitive
■to rub something hard in order to clean it, especially using a stiff brush, soap and water （尤指用硬刷、肥皂和水）擦洗，刷洗
• She scrubbed (at) the mark on the wall for ages, but it wouldn't come off. 她花了很长时间擦洗墙上的印迹，但仍然没有擦掉。
• [+ obj + adj] He scrubbed the old saucepan clean, and it looked as good as new. 他把旧的平底锅擦得很干净，看起来像新的一样。
[skrʌb] verb (-bb-)
STOP 停止
transitive (US usually scratch) informal
■to decide not to do something you had planned to do; cancel 取消（原计划）
• We had to scrub our plans when I lost my job. 我失业了，我们不得不取消计划。
[skrʌb] verb (-bb-)
  Phrasal Verbs  scrub up
■If a doctor scrubs up, they wash their hands and arms very thoroughly before performing a medical operation. （医生在做手术前）仔细擦洗手和手臂
scrub up well UK informal approving
■said about someone when they have made an effort to make their appearance as tidy and pleasant as possible and they look very attractive and stylish 注重仪表，外表光鲜
• Mary scrubs up well. 玛丽总是打扮得漂漂亮亮的。
[skrʌb] noun
PLANTS 植物
uncountable
■(an area of land covered with) short trees and bushes, growing on dry ground of low quality 灌木丛（地带）
[skrʌb] noun
CLEAN 清理
only singular
■when you rub something hard in order to clean it, especially using a stiff brush, soap and water （尤指用硬刷、肥皂和水）擦洗，刷洗
• Children, give your hands a good scrub and come and get your dinner! 孩子们，把手洗干净，然后来吃饭！
scrub, clear, clean, dust, wipe, mop, sweep
这组词都有“使干净”的意思，其区别是：
scrub: 指用硬刷、肥皂或水用力地擦洗某物。
clear: 指清除不要的东西。
clean: 是这些动词中最常用的词，指将某物或某处的污物等清除掉，弄干净。
dust: 指将积落在物体表面的尘土抹去、掸掉或擦去以保干净。
wipe: 多指用布、纸等物把东西擦净，也指擦掉某物。
mop: 侧重指用拖把擦洗地板，有时也指擦干净或擦去。
sweep: 指用扫帚等进行清扫，也用作比喻。
n. 矮树；洗擦；擦洗者；矮小的人（或物）
 - small, scouring
vt. 用力擦洗；使净化
 - depurate
adj. 矮小的；临时凑合的；次等的
 - dwarfish, runty

Word: tort
Front: tort
[tɔ:t] (11728/10972)
Vocabulary: tort
(once / 11668 pages)
n
If you sue a surgeon for operating on your left foot instead of the right one, you are filing a tort suit. Hopefully, you'll walk out of court victorious (on both feet).
Tort comes from the Latin word tortum, meaning "wrong." When someone has done some wrong to you, you can seek justice (in the form of payment) by taking them to court. Tortum itself comes from tortus (also Latin) meaning "twisted." So remember if someone does something twisted, like spread terrible lies about you, you could pursue a tort claim.
WORD FAMILY
tort: torts
USAGE EXAMPLES
They’re not talking about lending a set of hands to help construct the new reform Valhalla of tort reform, market deregulation, and health savings accounts.
Slate(Dec 16, 2016)
An American Tort Reform Association report released Wednesday said St. Louis is a magnet for product liability and consumer class-action lawsuits.
Washington Times(Dec 14, 2016)
The charges were dropped, but Mr. Shawe filed a tort case that continues, according to the court.
New York Times(Nov 15, 2016)
Back: n. <律>民事侵权行为
分布：侵权行为(96%)，民事过失(4%)
US ['tɔ:rt] legal
noun countable
■an action that is wrong but which can be dealt with in a civil , rather than criminal, court （不构成刑事犯罪的）民事侵权行为
n. 侵权行为
 - delict

Word: strangle
Front: strangle
[ˈstræŋgl] (9255/9847 -1)
Back: vt. 扼死，勒死，绞死; 使…窒息; 抑制; 压制
vi. 窒息而死，被勒死
时态：strangled, strangling, strangles
分布：勒死(72%)，窒息(19%)，限制(9%)
→来自拉丁语 strangulare,使窒息，使束缚，抑制，来自 strenk,紧的，窄的，拉紧，扭曲， 词源同 strain,stress,strict.引申词义扼死，勒死等。
verb transitive
■to kill someone by pressing their throat so that they cannot breathe 扼死，勒死，掐死
• She had been strangled with her own scarf and her body dumped in the woods. 她被人用她自己的围巾勒死，弃尸于树林里。
■to stop something from developing 抑制，压制；扼杀
• For years, the organization was strangled by excessive bureaucracy. 该机构多年来因官僚作风严重，发展受到阻滞。
• There is a great deal of fear that the new restrictions might strangle the country's economy. 很多人害怕新的限制措施会抑制国家的经济发展。
['stræŋ.gl] verb transitive
strangle sth at birth
■to stop something at an early stage of its development 扼杀于萌芽时；防范于未燃（在某事发生的早期阶段予以阻止）
• It's perfectly natural that she should try to strangle the opposition to her plans at birth. 她应防范于未燃，一早处理对她计划所持的反对意见，这是十分自然的事。
vt. 把…勒死；使…窒息
 - asphyxiate

Word: sensation
Front: sensation
[senˈseɪʃn] (研六托宝 4378/3737 -2)
Vocabulary: sensation
(once / 166 pages)
n
A sensation is a type of feeling, picked up by one of the five senses. Peppercorns will give you the sensation of a million tiny pinpricks on your tongue.
A sensation is something from your senses. If you lose sensation in your feet, they are numb and it's time for you to get up and move around to restore blood flow. You can call something a sensation if it is wonderful and astonishing. Your parents will tell you that you were a sensation in the school play. Everyone will want to go see the special-effects movie that critics are calling a worldwide sensation.
WORD FAMILY
sensation: aftersensation, sensational, sensations+/desensitise: desensitisation, desensitising/ desensitize: desensitization, desensitized, desensitizes, desensitizing/hypersensitive: hypersensitively, hypersensitivity/insensibility: insensibilities/ insensible: insensibility, insensibly/ insensitive: insensitively, insensitiveness, insensitivity/insensitivity: insensitivities/ nonsense: nonsenses, nonsensical / nonsensical: nonsensicalest, nonsensicality, nonsensically/oversensitive: oversensitively, oversensitiveness/ sensational: sensationalism, sensationally, unsensational/sensationalism: sensationalisms, sensationalist, sensationalistic/sensationalist: sensationalists/ sense: nonsense, sensation, sensed, senseless, senses, sensible, sensing, sensitive, sensor, sensorial, sensuous /senseless: senselessly, senselessness/ sensibility: sensibilities/ sensible: insensible, sensibilise, sensibility, sensibilize, sensibleness, sensibler, sensiblest, sensibly/sensitise: desensitise, sensitisation, sensitised, sensitiser, sensitising/sensitised: hypersensitised, supersensitised/sensitiser: sensitisers/ sensitive: hypersensitive, insensitive, nonsensitive, oversensitive, sensitise, sensitively, sensitiveness, sensitives, sensitivity, sensitize, supersensitive/sensitiveness: sensitivenesses/ sensitivity: sensitivities/sensitize: desensitize, sensitization, sensitized, sensitizer, sensitizes, sensitizing/sensitized: hypersensitized, supersensitized/sensitizer: sensitizers/sensor: sensors/sensorial: sensorially/ sensuous: sensuously, sensuousness/supersensitive: supersensitively/unsensational: unsensationally
USAGE EXAMPLES
Romo returned to the roster in November as Prescott's backup, saying the rookie sensation "earned the right to be our quarterback."
Reuters(Jan 01, 2017)
The bland, mouth-coating sensation of the powdered beans with which they are dusted is pleasant, but not compelling.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The Deceptive Bike Box. A mild sensation online, this object from the oft-neglected packaging category may be the year’s most cunning design solution.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 感觉; 直觉; 知觉; 轰动
分布：感觉(61%)，轰动(27%)，知觉(8%)，激动(4%)
→来自 sense,感觉，知觉，感知，-ation,名词后缀。引申贬义词义刺激感官，使震惊，使哗然， 造成轰动。
n.感觉,知觉;激动,轰动,轰动一时的事情The senseless senator's pretense of consensus caused a sensation.愚蠢参议员的舆论借口引起了轰动.
【记】sans感觉，ation－感觉，很有感觉的事情－轰动的事件
【参】sensible（adj 明智的）；sensitive（adj 敏感的）
【反】unnoticed event（未被注意的事件）；anaesthesia（n 感觉缺乏）；
noun
FEELING 感觉
 ADVANCED countable or uncountable
■the ability to feel something physically, especially by touching, or a physical feeling that results from this ability 感觉；知觉；（尤指）触觉
• a burning sensation 灼烧的感觉
• I had no sensation of pain whatsoever. 我没有任何痛苦的感觉。
• The disease causes a loss of sensation in the fingers. 这种病会使手指失去知觉。
 ADVANCED countable usually singular
■a general feeling caused by something that happens to you, especially a feeling which you cannot describe exactly （尤指难以形容的）整体感觉
• [+ (that)] I had the odd sensation (that) someone was following me. 我有一种奇怪的感觉，觉得有人在跟踪我。
• I can remember the first time I went sailing - it was a wonderful sensation. 我还记得第一次航海的时候——那种感觉真是太棒了。
[sen'seɪ.ʃən] noun
EXCITEMENT 激动
only singular
■something very exciting or interesting, or something which causes great excitement or interest 轰动的事件；极有趣之物
• Their affair caused a sensation. 他们的暧昧关系引起了轰动。
• The books have been a publishing sensation on both sides of the Atlantic. 这些书在大西洋两岸的出版界都引起了轰动。
• The show was an overnight sensation (= was very successful immediately). 演出一夜之间名闻天下。
sensation, feeling, perception, sense
这组词都有“感觉”的意思，其区别是：
sensation: 系较严密的科学用词，指听觉、味觉、视觉、嗅觉或触觉；还可指引起激动或轰动的事物。
feeling: 最普通用词，既可指身体上的感觉，如冷暖、饥饿、疼痛等，又可指精神上的感觉，如喜、怒、哀、乐、失望等。
perception: 侧重对外界刺激的反应和对产生感觉的物体的辨别。
sense: 主要指人或动物身体上的感觉。复数形式指人的知觉。
sentiment, sensation, feeling, passion, emotion
这组词都有“感情”的意思，其区别是：
sentiment: n.思想感情，情绪，感情色彩，指由于某种思想唤起的感情，强调主观作用，有时候也带有理智成分。
 • When our grandmother died, we remembered her life with strong sentiment.   当祖母逝世时，我们深深地怀念她的一生。
sensation: n.指人体感官受到外部刺激时产生的感觉，知觉。
 • When she watched the film, she had the sensation that she was in a moving car.   她看电影时，感觉自己正坐在一辆开动的汽车上。
feeling: n.指一般的情绪、感觉，它一般不反映感情的本质和强度。
passion: n.激情，热情，欲望，极度的仇恨，指强烈的爱好、愤怒或情欲。
 • He spoke with passion about the love of freedom.   他满腔热情地谈论着对自由的热爱。
emotion: n.情感，感情，指喜怒哀乐等较激动的情绪，表示某物引起的激动。
 • He felt mixed emotions when he thought of her.   当他想起她时便产生一种复杂的感情。
n. [生理] 感觉；轰动；感动
 - consciousness, feel

Word: breadth
Front: breadth
[bredθ] (研四六宝 9348/7583 -1)
Vocabulary: breadth
(once / 454 pages)
n
If you measure the distance of an object from side to side, you are measuring the object’s breadth: “Theodore measured the breadth of the table before buying it to make sure it would fit in his small kitchen.”
Breadth often refers to a physical measurement, but it can also be used to describe comprehensiveness or largeness of any kind, such as breadth of knowledge or breadth of experience. In the famous sentence describing Macedonian king Alexander the Great, the word breadth is used to indicate the vastness of Alexander’s empire: “When Alexander saw the breadth of his domain he wept, for there were no more worlds to conquer.”
WORD FAMILY
breadth: breadths
USAGE EXAMPLES
Such plays, whose breadth and variety in football are well established, are good for a great many things.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
“Tom brings enormous depth and breadth of knowledge and experience to protecting the homeland to our senior White House team,” Trump said in a statement.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Mr. Trump called him “an invaluable asset” and praised the breadth of experience he would bring to the new administration.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 宽度; 宽容; （知识、兴趣等的）广泛
分布：宽度(100%)
→形容词broad的名词形式。
n.宽度,幅The news about the broadened breadth is broadcast abroad.宽度加宽的消息被广播到国外.
/bretθ] noun
 ADVANCED countable or uncountable
■the distance from one side to another 宽度，幅度
• The length of this box is twice its breadth. 这个箱子的长度是其宽度的两倍。
only singular
■when something includes many different things, features, subjects or qualities 广泛性，广度
• The breadth of her knowledge is amazing. 她知识渊博，令人惊讶。
• He showed an astonishing breadth of learning for one so young. 他年纪轻轻就显示出知识的渊博，很令人吃惊。
n. 宽度，幅度；宽宏
 - width, range

Word: berate
Front: berate
[bɪˈreɪt] (托宝 15807/19213 -1)
Vocabulary: berate
(once / 8046 pages)
v
A strong verb for harshly cutting someone down with words is berate. "He didn't just correct the cashier who gave him the wrong change, he started to berate her, calling her names in front of the whole store."
When you berate someone it is more than just raising your voice at them; it implies putting them down by insulting their character. Berate comes from the 16th-century English and French for "to scold" or "to blame." Often the anger behind the scolding seems over-the-top, as in "When the young man behind the counter dropped the scoop of vanilla, the manager berated him excessively by declaring him worthless and weak."
WORD FAMILY
berate: berated, berates, berating+/berating: beratings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The fact that she’s stayed in this bar for 12 years when all they do is berate her is amazing to me.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Kerr credits his father for his demeanor on the sideline as an N.B.A. coach: calm and quiet, mostly, and never one to berate a player.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
He berates you for hours, overreacts so wildly that you’re afraid of and avoid him, and most importantly refuses to listen.
Slate(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: vt. 严厉责备; 痛斥
时态：berated, berating, berates
分布：〈正式或文〉严厉责备(100%)
→前缀be-, 强调。rate, 责备，古词，同拉丁词reputare, 反复考量，词源同reputation, 名声。
【记】rate（vt 责骂）
【反】praise（vt 赞扬）；commend（vt 称赞）
[bɪ'reɪt] formal
verb transitive
■to criticize or speak in an angry manner to someone 严责，训斥
• As he left the meeting, he was berated by angry demonstrators. 会议结束后他离开时，遭到了愤怒的示威者责骂。
• Doctors are often berated for being poor communicators, particularly when they have to give patients bad news. 医生常常因不善于沟通而遭受指责，特别是当他们必须告诉病人坏消息的时候。
vt. 严责；申斥
 - keelhaul, come down on

Word: brent
Front: brent
[brent] (-/10504)
Back: n. 黑雁; 丘陵
分布：黑雁(72%)，=brant.(28%)
n. 黑雁
 - brant, barnacle goose

Word: disintegrate
Front: disintegrate
[dɪsˈɪntɪgreɪt] (托宝 10387/11088 -2)
Vocabulary: disintegrate
(once / 1467 pages)
v
Soak your tooth in a cup of soda for long enough and it will disintegrate, or break apart from decay.
The word disintegrate comes from a combination of the prefix dis- meaning "do the opposite of" and the Latin integrare meaning "to make whole." When something disintegrates, it does the opposite of become whole; it falls apart. Objects can either disintegrate over time — like a tooth soaking in a cup of soda, or instantaneously — like a building disintegrating into dust from an explosion.
WORD FAMILY
disintegrate: disintegrable, disintegrated, disintegrates, disintegrating, disintegration, disintegrative+/ disintegration: disintegrations/disintegrative: disintegratively/ integral: integrality, integrally, integrals, integrate / integrate: disintegrate, integrated, integrates, integrating, integration, integrative, integrator, reintegrate/ integrated: nonintegrated, unintegrated/ integration: integrations/integrator: integrators/reintegrate: reintegrated, reintegrates, reintegrating
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the most apocalyptic scenario for Europe, the eurozone begins to disintegrate, followed soon afterwards by the EU itself.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
“And the ‘west’ as a transatlantic cultural formation is disintegrating before our eyes.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Already the revolution was disintegrating into faction fighting.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: vt. 使某物碎裂，崩裂; 使某物衰微，瓦解，分崩离析
vi. 碎裂，崩裂; 衰微，瓦解，分崩离析
时态：disintegrated, disintegrating, disintegrates
分布：瓦解(46%)，崩溃(31%)，使碎裂(19%)，使粉碎(4%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。integrate, 连接，一体。
使瓦解,分裂(dis分开+integr+ate→完整的分开→瓦解)[inter=whole,表示"完整"]
【记】integr＝intact完整的
【参】integrity（n 正直；诚实；完整）；integral（adj 完整的）
US [-tˌə-] verb intransitive
 ADVANCED
■to become weaker or be destroyed by breaking into small pieces 分解，分化，分裂
• The spacecraft disintegrated as it entered the Earth's atmosphere. 太空船进入大气层时解体了。
• The Ottoman Empire disintegrated into lots of small states. 奥斯曼帝国分裂为许多个小国家。
■to become much worse 恶化；崩溃
• The situation disintegrated into chaos. 局势恶化后陷入混乱状态。
vt. 使分解；使碎裂；使崩溃；使衰变
 - collapse, dissolve
vi. 瓦解；碎裂；衰变
 - collapse, chip

Word: cylinder
Front: cylinder
[ˈsɪlɪndə(r)] (研六托雅宝 7075/4820 -2)
Vocabulary: cylinder
(once / 561 pages)
1n 2n 3n
A cylinder is a solid shape bounded by a cylindrical shape and two parallel circular bases. Confused yet? Just picture a soda can or one of those mailing tubes with a round bottom and a lid.
The word cylinder is certainly mired in a whole lot of technical terms. It's one of the basic geometric shapes, as well as a key piece of engineering — such as the cylinders in an engine, which are the chambers where the pistons move. So don't worry if you don't quite get it. You have to be "running on all cylinders" to get what this word is all about.
WORD FAMILY
cylinder: cylinders, cylindric, cylindrical+/cylindric: cylindrically/cylindrical: bicylindrical, cylindricality, cylindricalness
USAGE EXAMPLES
However you are reading this, there’s a fair chance you’re not firing on all cylinders.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
But the Puget Sound economy is much more diverse today and firing on all cylinders.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
“I think we’re kind of firing on all cylinders at home. We’ve just got to continue to do that on the road.”
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 圆柱; 圆筒; 圆柱体; 气缸
分布：汽缸(46%)，圆筒(33%)，圆柱体(21%)
→词源同cycle, 圈，转动。
圆柱体[cylind=roll(卷)]
n.圆筒,圆锥体;汽缸I never mind your unkind reminding that my grindstone hinders your cylinder.我决不介意你不友善的提醒说我的磨刀石妨碍了你的汽缸.
US [-dɚ] noun countable
SHAPE 形状
■a solid or hollow tube with long straight sides and two circular ends the same size, or an object shaped like this, often used as a container 圆柱体；圆柱状物；圆筒（常用作容器）
• Deep-sea divers carry cylinders (= containers) of oxygen on their backs. 深海潜水员背上背有氧气筒。
UK ['sɪl.ɪn.dər] US [-dɚ] noun countable
ENGINE PART 引擎部件
■the tube-shaped device, found especially in an engine, inside which the part of the engine which causes the fuel to produce power moves up and down （引擎的）汽缸
• a six-cylinder engine 六汽缸引擎
n. 圆筒；汽缸； [数] 柱面；圆柱状物
 - cyclinder, cylindrical surface

Word: overt
Front: overt
[əʊˈvɜ:t] (六托雅宝 9229/7860 -1)
Vocabulary: overt
(once / 3305 pages)
adj
Overt means open and done in plain sight. An overt attempt to get your teacher off-track might fail. Instead, try asking subtle questions about her kids, and she'll stay off topic all class.
If you speak French, remember that overt is the same as the French ouvert "open." If you don't speak French, give up all hope of ever learning this word. Just kidding –– forgive the overt attempt at humor. English speakers, here's your trick for remembering the difference between overt and covert: overt = "open," covert = "covered."
WORD FAMILY
overt: overtly
USAGE EXAMPLES
After all, Gilbert & Sullivan operettas draw much of their comedy from overt references to their own artifice.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
But Trump’s win and Clinton’s loss simply represented millions of voters’ failure to confront misogyny, however latent or overt.
Salon(Dec 26, 2016)
Overt, unsanctioned religious activities are a very different matter.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 明显的; 公然的; 公开的; 阳
分布：公开的(49%)，明显的(37%)，公然的(14%)
→来自拉丁语aperire,打开，揭露，来自ap-wer,打开，来自*ap,离开，词源同前缀ab-,*wer,覆盖，关闭，保护，词源同warranty,cover,aperture.即打开的，引申词义公开的，明显的。
【记】over打开，t他一公开的；参：covert（adj 隐蔽的）
【参】overtake（v 赶上）
【反】shadowy（adj 有阴影的）
US [oʊ'vɝ:t] adjective
■done or shown publicly or in an obvious way; not secret 公开的；明显的；毫不隐瞒的
• overt criticism 公开的批评
• overt racism 公然的种族歧视
• He shows no overt signs of his unhappiness. 他没有明显表现出不高兴。
Compare covert
adj. 明显的；公然的；蓄意的
 - obvious, distinct, visible, declared, evident

Word: pal
Front: pal
[pæl] (六雅 5020/6585 -2)
Vocabulary: pal
(once / 995 pages)
nv
A pal is a good friend. When you're feeling nervous, sad, or lonely after moving to a new town, it can make you feel better to talk to a pal.
If you have a friend you think of as a buddy or a mate, that's a pal. Your earliest pals are often the kids in your neighborhood or at school. As you get older, you have the chance to meet more pals — and when you're friendly with these pals and hang out with them, you can say you "pal around" with them. Pal is originally a Romany word meaning "brother," from the Sanskrit bhrata, also "brother."
WORD FAMILY
pal: palish, pals
USAGE EXAMPLES
Bar, a candy named for his New York Yankees pal Reggie Jackson, and a wine called French Kiss.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
He was Ike’s pal, an expert pilot and an advertising giant, a matinee idol, a course designer and a charity leader.
Golf Digest(Dec 27, 2016)
When a pal grabbed hold of me as I fell into an unbanistered stairwell at a rave.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 朋友; 老兄，兄弟; 小子; （对男子的不友好的称呼）家伙
vi. （和某人）结伴，共度时光; 成为（某人的）朋友
时态：palled, palling, pals
分布：朋友(69%)，伙伴(29%)，结为友(2%)
→来自英式吉普赛语pal,兄弟，伙计，来自吉普赛语phral的简化形式，来自梵语bhrata,兄弟，词源同brother.比较buddy.
noun countable informal
■a friend 朋友，好友
• You're my best pal. 你是我最好的朋友。
• It's my old pal Pete! 那是我的老友彼特！
■sometimes used when talking to a man who is annoying you （有时用于称呼令人讨厌的男性）老兄，老弟
• Look, pal, you're asking for trouble. 我说，老兄，你是在自找麻烦。
[pæl] verb (-ll-)
[pæl] verb (-ll-)
  Phrasal Verbs  pal around US informal
■to spend time with someone that you are very friendly with 打成一片
• He used to pal around with one of the president's sons. 他过去经常和总裁的一个儿子打成一片。
[pæl] verb (-ll-)
  Phrasal Verbs  pal up UK old-fashioned
■to become friends with someone 成为好友
• I've palled up with some people from work and we're going on holiday together. 我和几个同事成了好朋友，准备一起去度假。
acquaintance, pal, mate, friend
这组词都有“朋友”的意思，其区别是：
acquaintance: 指彼此相识，但交往不甚密切，相互间没有深厚情感的人。
pal: 口语用词，指十分要好的朋友。
mate: 最普通用词，既可指好友、同事，又可指合伙人，还可指配偶的一方。
friend: 一般用词，指某人喜爱并乐意与之相交往的人。
n. 朋友，伙伴；同志
 - friend, partner, fellow, comrade

Word: nephew
Front: nephew
[ˈnefju:] (高研四六 6362/6440 -K1)
Vocabulary: nephew
(once / 287 pages)
n
A nephew is the son of your sister or brother. This makes you the aunt or uncle of that nephew.
While a mom, dad, sister, and brother are members of an immediate family, a nephew is part of your extended family because he's the son of a sibling. When brothers or sisters have male children, you become an aunt or an uncle to a nephew. If your nephew has a sister, she is your niece. Both niece and nephew originally meant "grandchild," but narrowed to their current meanings in the 1600s.
WORD FAMILY
nephew: nephews
USAGE EXAMPLES
One woman rushed here because her nephew works as a bartender at the Reina club.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Pictures of the 31-year-old smiling with his nephews, posing with his siblings.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Cunningham is survived by his nieces and nephews.
Time(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 侄子，外甥
分布：侄子(75%)，外甥(25%)
→来自希腊语nepos,姐妹的子女，来自nepot,孙子，孙女，词源同niece.
n.侄子,外甥My nephew found a few dewdrops on the Jewish jeweler's jewel.侄儿发现犹太珠宝商的珠宝上有几滴露珠.
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a son of your sister or brother, or a son of the sister or brother of your husband or wife 侄子；外甥 Compare niece

Word: palpable
Front: palpable
[ˈpælpəbl] (宝 10039/18766 -1)
Vocabulary: palpable
(once / 926 pages)
adj
When something is palpable, you can touch or handle it, even though the word is often used to describe things that usually can't be handled or touched, such as emotions or sensations.
You probably won't see palpable used to describe, say, an egg or a doorknob or a motorcycle. Palpable is usually reserved for situations in which something invisible becomes so intense that it feels as though it has substance or weight. When the towers came down, the sense of sadness was so great, it was palpable.
WORD FAMILY
palpable: impalpable, palpability, palpablest, palpably+/impalpability: impalpabilities/ impalpable: impalpability, impalpably/palpability: palpabilities/ palpate: palpable, palpated, palpates, palpating, palpation, palpatory
USAGE EXAMPLES
“The unemployment rate is distressing; the impoverishment of the population is palpable everywhere; our social protection system is in deficit and is in peril.”
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Belief in the unseen is palpable, a collective consciousness powerful and present.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Their presence is palpable throughout the museum there, depending on the changing exhibits, with the artifacts that helped define their careers.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 明白的，明显的; 可感知的，摸得出的
分布：明显的(84%)，易觉察的(12%)，可摸到的(4%)
→来自palpate,触摸。
摸得着的(palp+able能...的)[palp=feel,表示"感觉,摸"]
【记】palp摸，able一摸得到的一明显的
【反】subtle（adj 微妙的）
adjective
■so obvious that it can easily be seen or known, or (of a feeling) so strong that it seems as if it can be touched or physically felt 可感知的，易察觉的；触摸得到的
• a palpable effect 明显的效果
• Her joy was palpable. 她的快乐全写在脸上。
adj. 明显的； [医] 可感知的；易觉察的
 - obvious, distinct, visible, evident

Word: scapegoat
Front: scapegoat
[ˈskeɪpgəʊt] (托雅 13052/14345 -1)
Vocabulary: scapegoat
(once / 5198 pages)
n
The Bible depicts a ritual in which a goat is sent out into the desert bearing the faults of the people of Israel. The word scapegoat first occurred in the earliest English translation of the Bible, and it has come to mean any individual punished for the misdeeds of others.
When a politician gets caught lying, he or she might use an assistant as a scapegoat. Somehow the lie will wind up being the assistant's fault. Your mom might tell you to use her as a scapegoat if you need to. So if your friends want you to go to a wild party and you don't want to, you should tell them your mom won't let you. That way, they will be mad at her and not at you. A fall guy is similar to a scapegoat, but it is mostly used if your scheme has been found out and one of your group of schemers must take the consequences.
WORD FAMILY
scapegoat: scapegoats
USAGE EXAMPLES
In all likelihood, he’ll offer rhetoric and scapegoats and stunts, while delivering little in the way of tangible gains.
Slate(Dec 29, 2016)
One, the administration will start searching for scapegoats other than Trump’s own party and its choices.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
Or are the NGOs just the latest scapegoats for Europe’s growing migrant crisis?
Time(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 代人受过的人，替罪羊; 替身
vt. 使…成为替罪羊
分布：替人顶罪者(60%)，使 ... 成为替罪羊(20%)，替罪的羔羊(20%)
→缩写自 escape,逃跑，goat,羊。来自圣经中的宗教典故，古犹太人将每年的七月十日定为“赎 罪日”，并在这一天举行赎罪祭。其中通过拈阄决定两只公羊的命运，一只杀了作祭品，另 一只由大祭司将双手按在羊头上，宣称犹太民族在一年中所犯下的罪过，已经转嫁到到这头 羊身上。接着，使把这头替罪羊放逐到旷野，即将人的罪过带入无人之境，最后，把那赎罪 的羊烧死，因而引申词义替罪羊。见百度百科。
【记】escape＋goat＝逃走的山羊：在赎罪日那天，亚伦将以色列儿童的罪恶归结到一只活羊的头上，象征性地将带有他们罪过的山羊逐之荒野。
US [-goʊt] noun countable
■a person who is blamed for something that someone else has done 代罪羔羊；代人受过的人
• The captain was made a scapegoat for the team's failure. 队长成了球队失败的代罪羔羊。
n. 替罪羊，替人顶罪者；替身
 - goat, stand-in

Word: slog
Front: slog
[slɒg] (16121/19442 -1)
Vocabulary: slog
(once / 8085 pages)
v
When you slog, you toil at something, working hard and often slowly to get a difficult job done. You might slog with your shovel through the pile of snow in your driveway.
A worker might slog through a pile of papers on her desk, or slog long and hard on a construction crew. In either case, the job requires persistence and determination. Another way to slog is to walk with difficulty, the way someone might slog along a muddy road to the gas station after getting a flat tire. The original meaning of slog was "hit hard," possibly as a variation of slug.
WORD FAMILY
slog: slogged, slogger, slogging, slogs+/slogger: sloggers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The long slog to fund road and bridge repairs continues in 2017.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
He faces a devil’s choice between slogging through another season at the outdated Qualcomm Stadium or becoming the second team in Los Angeles.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
But many just slog through, buying less and selling less and waiting for the cherry blossoms to bring more life to lunchtime.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 猛击; 步履艰难地行; 努力苦干
n. 苦干; 吃力地行进
时态：slogged, slogging, slogs
分布：猛击(44%)，苦干(21%)，艰难行进(14%)，苦工(7%)，长途跋涉(7%)，决出胜负(7%)
→可能来自 slug 拼写变体，词义由猛击引申为埋头苦干，坚持不懈。
US [slɑ:g] verb (-gg-)
WORK HARD 努力工作
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition mainly UK informal
■to work hard over a long period, especially doing work that is difficult or boring 苦干，锲而不舍地做（尤指困难或乏味的工作）
• I've been slogging away for days on this essay and I'm still not finished. 我为了这篇文章已经埋头苦干好几天了，但还没有完成。
intransitive + adverb or preposition
■to travel or move with difficulty, for example through wet, sticky soil or snow, or when you are very tired 艰难行进，跋涉
• Despite the rain, they slogged on for another six miles. 尽管下着雨，他们还是又艰难跋涉了六哩路。
UK [slɒg] US [slɑ:g] verb (-gg-)
HIT HARD 猛击
transitive UK
■to hit a ball hard and often in an uncontrolled way （不加控制地）猛击（球）
UK [slɒg] US [slɑ:g] noun
HARD WORK 艰苦工作
only singular mainly UK informal
■a period of difficult or tiring effort 一段时间的艰苦努力
• The exams were a real hard slog but I'm glad I did them. 这些考试确实非常艰难，但我很高兴自己完成了。
• That last hill before the finishing-line was a long slog! 终点线前的最后一座小山是一段漫长而艰难的赛程！
UK [slɒg] US [slɑ:g] noun
HARD HIT 猛击
countable UK informal
■a very hard, and often uncontrolled hit （不加控制的）猛击
• And that was a real slog from Kumar. 那是库马尔的一次真正的大力击球。
vt. 猛击；步履艰难地行
 - jab at, lash out
vi. 猛击；顽强行进
 - drive, belt
n. 苦干；跋涉
 - tug

Word: seethe
Front: seethe
[si:ð] (托宝 14528/23069 -1)
Vocabulary: seethe
(once / 1543 pages)
v
If a liquid seethes, it is boiling, but if it's a person who's seething, watch out! He or she is really angry!
In the cooking sense, to seethe means to boil and if you are seething with anger, you might say that your blood is boiling. However seethe can also mean filled with activity. Imagine a room seething with excited people. Now imagine that you are watching that room from a balcony. See how the people move here and there? It's almost as if they are bubbling around.
WORD FAMILY
seethe: seethed, seethes, seething +/ seething: seethingest, seethingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Berger’s methods, influenced by the ideas of Walter Benjamin, tended to attract either ardent admiration or seething criticism, with little in between.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
As the countryside seethes, time is not on the government’s side.
Washington Post(Dec 24, 2016)
He still seethes about one his unit allowed against Western Kentucky earlier this season.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: v. 生闷气; 翻滚; 强压怒火; 充满
时态：seethed, seething, seethes
分布：激动(34%)，沸腾(27%)，起泡(17%)，骚动(12%)，大怒(5%)，拥挤(5%)
→来自古英语 seothan,煮沸，沸腾，来自 Proto-Germanic*seuthan,煮沸，来自 seut,煮沸， 词源同 sodden,sutler.后基本词义完全由 boil 取代，引申比喻词义愠怒，强压怒火等。
【记】see＝sea，the：汹涌，沸腾
verb intransitive
FEEL ANGER 感到愤怒
■to feel very angry but to be unable or unwilling to express it clearly 憋气；生闷气
• The class positively seethed with indignation when Julia won the award. 茱莉亚得奖的时候，全班明显很不服气。
• By the end of the meeting he was seething. 会议结束时他气呼呼的。
[si:ð] verb intransitive
MOVE 移动
■(of a large number or amount) to move about energetically in a small space （大量人或物在狭小的空间内）涌动，翻腾； 密集，云集
• The streets were seething (= busy and crowded) with tourists. 街道上游客摩肩接踵。
vi. 沸腾；冒泡；激动
 - warm, fire
vt. 使浸透；使煮沸
 - sodden
n. 沸腾；感情等的迸发
 - ebullition, gurgitation

Word: reside
Front: reside
[rɪˈzaɪd] (六托宝 5284/6499 -1)
Vocabulary: reside
(once / 76 pages)
v
The place where you live — whether house, hotel, or mobile home — is where you reside. The President of the United States resides at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, in a little shack called the White House.
You can also use reside to refer to the community where you make your home. You may reside in a particular neighborhood, town, or city. The verb reside can also mean to exist as an inherent quality. For example: "The ability to create laws resides in the legislative branch of the government — in this case, Congress."
WORD FAMILY
reside: resided, residence, residency, resident, resides, residing+/nonresident: nonresidents/ residence: residences, residential /residency: residencies/ resident: nonresident, residents/ residential: nonresidential, residentially
USAGE EXAMPLES
The resurgent Wizards flew to Houston on Sunday, where the boogeyman of any defensive scheme resides.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
A statement reminded U.S. citizens that extremists “are continuing aggressive efforts to conduct attacks in areas where U.S. citizens and expatriates reside or frequent.”
Time(Jan 01, 2017)
But these photographs suggest there were moments worth remembering, attesting perhaps to the abiding optimism that resides in artistic endeavor.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vi. 住，居住，（官吏）留驻，驻在; （性质）存在，具备，（权力，权利等）属于，归于
时态：resided, residing, resides
分布：居住(57%)，存在(33%)，属于(10%)
→来自拉丁语 residere,坐下，休息，留下，居住，定居，来自 re-,向后，往回，sedere,坐下， 词源同 sit,sedentary.
居住(re再+side→再坐[之地]→居住)[Sid=sit,表示"坐"]
[rɪ'zaɪd] formal
verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to live, have your home or stay in a place 居住；定居
• The family now resides in southern France. 这家人现居住在法国南部。
[rɪ'zaɪd] formal
verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
  Phrasal Verbs  reside in sth/sb
■If a power or quality resides in someone or something, they have that power or quality （权力等）归于…，属于…；（性质等）存在于…，在于…
• The power to sack employees resides in the Board of Directors. 开除雇员的权力属于董事会。
dwell, inhabit, reside, settle, lodge, live
这组词都有“居住、定居”的意思，其区别是：
dwell: 文学上的用词，口语中通常用live代替。
inhabit: 强调人或动物居住在某个地区并已适应某种特殊环境。
reside: 书面用词，指合法的永久性居住，也指在豪华的住宅里居住。
settle: 侧重指某人定居于城市、国家或地区，而不指居住的住所。
lodge: 指短时间或临时住宿。
live: 最普通用词，指固定的居住，可以是长期的，也可以是临时的。
vt. 住，居住；属于
 - occupy, belong to

Word: untouchable
Front: untouchable
[ʌnˈtʌtʃəbl] (18243/22698 -1)
Back: adj. 不可及的，达不到的; 不可接触的; 不可捉摸的
n. 贱民; 被遗弃的人; 棘手的事
分布：贱民(59%)，不可接触的(25%)，达不到的(16%)
→un-, 不，非，touchable, 可接触的。该词通常用来指印度种姓制度的贱民，高种姓阶层不可用身体直接接触的人。
不可接触的(un+touch+able)[touch=touch,表示"摸,碰"]
adjective
PROTECTED 受保护的
■not able to be punished, criticized or changed in any way 不可惩罚的；不许批评的；不可改变的
• We've got to change the present system in which high court judges are regarded as somehow untouchable. 我们必须改变现行认为高等法院法官权威不容置疑的制度。
[ʌn'tʌtʃ.ə.bl] adjective
NOT DEFEATED 未被打败的
■not able to be defeated or to be as good as 无法击败的；无法企及的
• Coventry City have proved untouchable this season - they've just won their sixth consecutive game. 本赛季考文垂城队已经证明是无法击败的——他们刚刚取得了六连胜。
[ʌn'tʌtʃ.ə.bl] noun countable
■a member of the lowest social group in Indian society （印度社会的）贱民，不可接触者
adj. 达不到的；不可批评的；不可捉摸的
 - unaccessible, inacceptable

Word: accumulation
Front: accumulation
[əˌkju:mjə'leɪʃn] (托 8460/5822 -1)
Vocabulary: accumulation
(once / 977 pages)
n
An accumulation is a gathering or increase of something over time. You might cross your fingers in hopes of a large accumulation of snow, so that you get a day off of school.
Accumulation comes from a Latin word meaning "to heap up." The word continues to have this feeling of something growing upwards on top of itself, as if in a heap. If you keep putting money in the bank, the amount you have is the accumulation of your savings. If it is an interest bearing account, the interest will accumulate, making the total even larger.
WORD FAMILY
accumulation: accumulations+/ accumulate: accumulated, accumulates, accumulating, accumulation, accumulative/accumulative: accumulatively
USAGE EXAMPLES
SpaceX said accumulation of oxygen in a void or buckle in the liner most likely led to the explosion.
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
Accumulation is unlikely before midnight, according to the National Weather Service.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Accumulation is expected only in areas higher than 200 feet above sea level, Felton said.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 积累; 堆积物; 累积量
分布：累积(68%)，积聚(30%)，积聚物(2%)
noun countable or uncountable
■an amount of something that has been collected 积累；积聚；积攒
• Despite this accumulation of evidence, the Government persisted in doing nothing. 尽管种种迹象不断出现，政府仍然坚持不采取任何行动。
• Accumulations of sand can be formed by the action of waves on coastal beaches. 由于海浪的冲击作用，海滩上会堆积沙子。
n. [地质] [天] [物] 积聚，累积；堆积物
 - amassing, cumulation

Word: atheist
Front: atheist
[ˈeɪθiɪst] (托 12603/15814 -1)
Vocabulary: atheist
(once / 1550 pages)
nadj
An atheist believes there is no such thing as god, or any other deity.
The root -theist means "belief in a god." The prefixes mono-, poly-, and a-, mean "one," "many," and "no," respectively. So a monotheist is someone who believes in a single god, a polytheist is someone who believes in many gods, and an atheist is someone who believes there is no god at all.
WORD FAMILY
atheist: atheistical, atheists+/ atheism: atheisms, atheist, atheistic / atheistic: atheistically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mark Zuckerberg says he’s no longer an atheist, believes ‘religion is very important’
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Before working on the film, he was “pantheist, agnostic, occasionally atheist and a little bit Jewish, but mostly confused”.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
But there is now an Orthodox church alongside him, partly financed by the man who once presided over an atheist state.
BBC(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 无神论者
分布：无神论者(100%)
noun countable
■someone who believes that God or gods do not exist 无神论者 Compare agnostic
n. 无神论者
 - antitheist, zendic

Word: cobble
Front: cobble
[ˈkɒbl] (17959/15654)
Back: vt. 粗劣地制作; 修（鞋）; 匆匆制作; 胡乱拼凑
n. 鹅卵石，圆石
时态：cobbled, cobbling, cobbles
分布：鹅卵石(51%)，圆石(23%)，铺鹅卵石(19%)，粗制滥造(7%)
→词源不详。
US ['kɑ:.bl] noun countable usually plural (also cobblestone)
■a rounded stone used on the surface of an old-fashioned road （老式路面用的）鹅卵石
• The cart rumbled over the cobbles. 大车咕隆隆地碾过鹅卵石。
UK ['kɒb.l] US ['kɑ:.bl] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] cobble sth together
■to do or make something quickly and not very carefully 粗制滥造；东拼西凑；匆匆拼凑
• I just had to cobble this meal together from what I had in the fridge. 我只需用冰箱里现成的东西凑合这顿饭。
n. 鹅卵石，圆石
 - roundstone

Word: ascribe
Front: ascribe
[əˈskraɪb] (四六托雅宝 10907/7963 -1)
Vocabulary: ascribe
(once / 474 pages)
v
Ascribe means to give credit to, like if you ascribe the A you got on your group project to the hard work of your partners!
Ascribe's Latin root is ascribere, meaning basically "to write in.'' Makes sense, because ascribe is often used to link writers to their words. Many a quirky quote, like "Age is an issue of mind over matter. If you don't mind, it doesn't matter," is ascribed to that famous scribe Mark Twain. It can also be a way of blaming something — you might ascribe your bad attitude to your mom because she won't let you have cupcakes for dinner.
WORD FAMILY
ascribe: ascribable, ascribed, ascribes, ascribing, ascription+/ascribable: unascribable/ascription: ascriptions
USAGE EXAMPLES
Somehow, though, whenever I’m testing it publicly, it picks this slightly labored joke, and it’s difficult to resist ascribing ill intent.
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
The “scum of the world” lines are excised, and the scourging of Jesus is ascribed not to Jewish soldiers but to Pilate.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Kimmel was announced as host on 5 December, later than usual, which he ascribed to his being low on the list of invitees.
The Guardian(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: vt. 把…归于，认为…是由于; 认为…具有
时态：ascribed, ascribing, ascribes
分布：归因于(70%)，归于(30%)
→前缀a-同ad-. 词根scribe, 写，见describe.
把…归于(a+scribe→把...写上去→归因于)[scrib,script=write,表示"写"]
【参】scripture（n 手稿，圣经）；conscribe（vt 征召入伍，强行征召）
verb
  Phrasal Verbs  ascribe sth to sth formal
■to believe or say that something is caused by something else 把…归因于；认为…是由于
• To what do you ascribe your phenomenal success? 你认为你取得如此巨大成功的原因是甚么？
[ə'skraɪb] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  ascribe sth to sb formal
■to believe that something was said, written or created by a particular person 把…归属于（某人）；认为…是（某人）所说（或写；创作等）
• After years of research, scholars have finally ascribed this anonymous play to Christopher Marlowe. 经过多年研究，学者们终于认定，这部佚名剧作是出自克里斯多夫‧马洛的手笔。
[ə'skraɪb] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  ascribe sth to sb/sth formal
■to believe that someone or something has a particular quality 认为…具有（某种特点）
• People like to ascribe human feelings to animals. 人们倾向认为动物有像人一样的情感。
attribute, ascribe
这两个动词均有“把……归于”之意。
attribute: 指出于相信而把……归于某人或某物，含较多的客观性。
ascribe: 指根据推论或猜想把……归于某人或某物，含主观臆断成分较重。
vt. 归因于；归咎于
 - blame, put down to

Word: deficiency
Front: deficiency
[dɪˈfɪʃnsi] (研六托雅宝 6360/5386 -2)
Vocabulary: deficiency
(once / 817 pages)
n
A deficiency is an insufficient amount of something. If you feel sluggish and tired all day, you might have an iron deficiency, meaning you aren't eating enough iron-rich foods.
You are most likely to hear the word deficiency in regard to health, like a sleep deficiency. But you can use deficiency to describe other kinds of lack — a deficiency of fun that occurred while your friends were out of town. Deficiency also means a failure or shortcoming, like a deficiency in math class, which might result in a notice from school — known as a deficiency — being mailed to your home.
WORD FAMILY
deficiency: deficiencies+/ deficient: deficiency, deficiently
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some earlier studies suggested that omega-3 deficiency during pregnancy may affect asthma risk in babies, but they were too small to be definitive.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
It says lack of safeguards to prevent wrongful use is a significant deficiency.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
“We often think of academic needs as being created by a deficiency, something that needs to be done,” she said.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 缺乏，不足; 缺点，缺陷; 不足额
分布：不足(39%)，缺乏(36%)，缺陷(20%)，缺点(5%)
→de-, 不，非，使相反。-fic, 做，词源同defect, efficient. 即没做好，缺陷。
缺点(de不+fic做...做得不够...缺陷)[-ency,-iency表名词,ence的变体]
n.缺乏,不足;缺点,缺陷Cosmetics do not always cover up the deficiencies of nature.化妆品并不总能掩盖天生的缺陷.
【记】de坏，fic做－做坏－缺陷
【参】deficit（n 赤字；不足额）
【反】surfeit（n 过食；过度）
noun countable or uncountable
 ADVANCED
■(a) state of not having, or not having enough, of something that is needed 不足，缺乏，缺少
• Pregnant women often suffer from iron deficiency. 孕妇常常缺铁。
• Deficiencies in the education system have been much in the news. 新闻媒体对教育体制的种种不足进行了大量的报道。
n. 缺陷，缺点；缺乏；不足的数额
 - defect, shortage, vice, need, fault

Word: greatness
Front: greatness
[ɡreɪtnəs] (8879/11797)
Back: n. 伟大; 崇高; 著名; 大
分布：伟大(92%)，巨大(5%)，崇高(3%)
ADJ-GRADED
很大的；巨大的
You use great to describe something that is very large. Great is more formal than big .
例：The room had a great bay window.这间房有一扇巨大的凸窗。
例：...a great hall as long and high as a church.长度和高度与教堂相当的大厅
ADJ-GRADED
（数量或程度）大的，巨大的，超乎寻常的
Great means large in amount or degree.
例：I'll take great care of it...我会加倍爱惜它的。
例：Benjamin Britten did not live to a great age.本杰明·布里顿并未活到很大的年纪。
ADJ-GRADED
重大的；闻名的；令人激动的
You use great to describe something that is important, famous, or exciting.
例：...the great cultural achievements of the past...昔日辉煌的文化成就
例：America can be great again.美国会再度崛起。
ADJ-GRADED
伟大的；著名的； 卓越的；优秀的
You can describe someone who is successful and famous for their actions, knowledge, or skill as great .
例：Wes Hall was once one of the West Indies' great cricketers.韦斯·霍尔曾经是西印度群岛伟大的板球运动员之一。
例：...the great George Padmore.伟大的乔治·帕德莫尔
N-PLURAL
伟人；名人；大人物
The greats in a particular subject or field of activity are the people who have been most successful or famous in it.
例：...all the greats of Hollywood.所有的好莱坞名流
例：...cycling's all-time greats.空前杰出的自行车运动员
N-PLURAL
金曲
The greats of popular modern music are records that have been successful and that continue to be popular.
例：...a medley of rock'n'roll greats.摇滚金曲大联唱
ADJ
美妙的；好极了的；了不起的
If you describe someone or something as great, you approve of them or admire them.
例：Arturo has this great place in Cazadero...阿图罗在卡扎德罗威望极高。
例：They're a great bunch of guys...他们是一群很棒的小伙子。
ADJ
十分健康的；精力旺盛的；充满热情的
If you feel great, you feel very healthy, energetic, and enthusiastic.
例：I feel just great.我感觉好极了。
ADJ-GRADED
十足的；非常的
You use great in order to emphasize the size or degree of a characteristic or quality.
例：...a great big Italian wedding.场面盛大的意大利式婚礼
例：...her sense of colour and great eye for detail.她对颜色的感觉和捕捉细节的非凡眼力
EXCLAM
妙极了；太好了
You say great in order to emphasize that you are pleased or enthusiastic about something.
例：Oh great! That'll be good for Fergus.哦，太棒了！那将对弗格斯很有利。
EXCLAM
哼，这倒好（表示气愤、恼火等）
You say great in order to emphasize that you are angry or annoyed about something.
例：'Oh great,' I thought. 'Just what I need.'“哼，”我想，“正合我心。”
N-IN-NAMES
（用于同类动植物中较大者的名称前）大
Great is used as part of the name of a species of plant or animal when there is another species of the same plant or animal which is smaller and has different characteristics.
例：...the great white shark.大白鲨
n. 伟大；巨大
 - vastness, enormity

Word: inaugural
Front: inaugural
[ɪˈnɔ:gjərəl] (宝 8015/12070 -1)
Vocabulary: inaugural
(once / 2281 pages)
adjn
An inaugural is a ceremony inducting someone into a new position, especially the President. We also call the President's first speech an inaugural address.
This word has to do with ceremonies and firsts: an inaugural or inaugural address is the first speech made by a President at a ceremony also called the inauguration. This word is highly associated with Presidents, but it can apply to any kind of official first. An inaugural trip to China is a first trip to China. If you want to make a first sound fancy or important, try inaugural.
WORD FAMILY
inaugural: inaugurals
USAGE EXAMPLES
Outside of the inaugural mayoral contests, there will be elections to 34 councils in England.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
In it, she writes that by performing at the Jan. 20 inaugural, the 360-member choir will appear to be “endorsing tyranny and fascism.”
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Church spokesman Eric Hawkins told the Salt Lake Tribune that participation in the choir and the inaugural performance was voluntary.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 就职的，就任的; 创始的，最早的
n. 就职典礼; 就职演说
分布：就职演说(62%)，就职典礼(20%)，开幕的(10%)，首次的(4%)，就职典礼的(4%)
→来自inaugurate,就职。
US [-'nɑ:.gjɚ-] adjective [before noun]
■an inaugural speech is the first speech someone gives when starting an important new job 就职的；就任的（演讲）
• the President's inaugural address to the nation 总统向全国发表的就职演说
■an inaugural event is the first in a series of planned events 首次的；初始的
• the inaugural meeting of the archaeological society 考古组织的第一次会议
adj. 开始的；开幕的；就任的，就职的
 - opening, preliminary

Word: lowly
Front: lowly
[ˈləʊli] (13611/11470 -1)
Vocabulary: lowly
(once / 920 pages)
adj
Lowly things aren't considered to be important or impressive. Your lowly position on a sports team might make you best suited to carry all of the players' equipment.
When a person is described as lowly, the world often refers to their job or social class. A lowly janitor might not get as much respect as the CEO of a huge company, even if she's a kinder person. A lowly member of an AAA baseball team might only dream about joining the major leagues. The adjective lowly has been around since the 14th century, from low, "not high," and also "humble in rank."
WORD FAMILY
lowly: lowlier, lowliest, lowlily, lowliness
USAGE EXAMPLES
With the unexpected loss to the lowly Jaguars, the Titans slipped to 8-7 and saw their playoff hopes fade.
Reuters(Dec 24, 2016)
Only four teams allow more fantasy points to running backs than the lowly Saints.
Seattle Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Plunkett was a Super Bowl MVP and Manning was a two-time Pro Bowl pick despite playing for the lowly Saints.
Seattle Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: adj. <旧>地位低的，卑微的; 卑贱的; 地位低的
adv. 谦逊地; 卑鄙地; 低低地; 声音低低地
级别：lowlier, lowliest
分布：地位低的(35%)，谦卑的(16%)，位置低下地(13%)，谦逊地(13%)，低声地(13%)，卑下的(10%)
US ['loʊ-] adjective
■low in position and importance, or not respected 低等的，卑微的
• He took a lowly job in an insurance firm. 他在保险公司得到了一个低级职位。
• His first job in the hotel was as a lowly porter. 他在饭店的第一份工作是当小门童。
adj. 卑贱的；地位低的；谦逊的
 - low, modest
adv. 谦逊地；位置低下地；低声地
 - low, humbly

Word: mercenary
Front: mercenary
[ˈmɜ:sənəri] (雅宝 14838/15091 -1)
Vocabulary: mercenary
(once / 1213 pages)
nadj
You might not want to call a mercenary a "hireling" to his face, but a mercenary is, after all, a soldier who gets paid to fight where needed, sometimes taking a heroic stand and other times just wanting payment for fighting.
The word mercenary comes from the Latin mercēnārius, "hireling," which defines someone who will do anything in exchange for money. In history, a mercenary was often a fighter who followed the next paycheck, but in recent decades it's also been used for fighters who pursue a good cause in areas where soldiers are in short supply. A synonym for mercenary is "soldier of fortune," and this phrase sometimes glorifies the mercenary, turning the meaning of "fortune" from "cash" to "luck in battle."
WORD FAMILY
mercenary: mercenaries, mercenarily, unmercenary
USAGE EXAMPLES
We wouldn’t be those people bound to travel halfway across the country for awkward gatherings and forced photos, upholding meaningless, mercenary gift exchanges.
Salon(Dec 25, 2016)
Washington’s troops marched 8 miles downriver before battling Hessian mercenaries in the streets of Trenton.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
These include homegrown Syrian mercenaries who receive cash transferred from Tehran to Damascus.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 雇用的; 图利的，唯利是图的
n. 雇佣兵; 唯利是图者
分布：雇佣兵(57%)，唯利是图的(26%)，雇佣的(13%)，唯利是图的人(4%)
→来自拉丁语mercari,交易，买卖，词源同market.引申词义买卖的，花钱雇的，词义贬义化，用于指只为金钱的人，最后特用于指雇佣兵。
惟利是图的雇佣兵(mercen[=merc]+ary→像贸易一样→惟利是图的)[merc,merch=trade,表示"交易"]
惟利是图的(mercen工资+ary)[-ary 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人,场所,物"]
【记】读：摸cenary，cen＝cent（n 分币）：整天摸钱的人－惟利是图的！
US ['mɝ:-] adjective disapproving
■interested only in the amount of money that you can get from a situation 唯利是图的，贪财的
• He had some mercenary scheme to marry a wealthy widow. 他有个敛财的诡计，想娶个有钱的寡妇。
UK ['mɜ:.sən.ri] US ['mɝ:-] noun countable
■a soldier who fights for any country or group that pays them 雇佣兵
adj. 雇佣的；唯利是图的
 - gainful
n. 雇佣兵；唯利是图者
 - lansquenet, condottiere

Word: prevalence
Front: prevalence
['prevələns] (六 7455/5906)
Vocabulary: prevalence
(once / 1653 pages)
n
Prevalence means there is a lot of something. If you get a bad grade on a paper for having a prevalence of typos, you need to proofread your work more carefully.
The word prevalence comes from the Latin praevalere, meaning "condition of being widespread or general." The word is often used to describe a phenomenon that is widespread in a community, like the prevalence of a disease across a country. Prevalence is another word for "commonness." If there's a prevalence of thefts in your neighborhood, that means the likelihood of your house getting robbed is pretty high.
WORD FAMILY
prevail: prevailed, prevailing, prevails, prevalence, prevalent +/ prevailing: prevailingly/ prevalent: prevalently
USAGE EXAMPLES
Its prevalence in Africa is unknown, but anecdotally it is thought to be increasing there too.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Experts attribute the increase to a range of factors, including the prevalence of handguns and the lethality of those weapons.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Recently reached by phone, O’Neil spoke about the prevalence of these “weapons of math destruction” across different industries.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 流行; 盛行; 普遍; （疾病等的）流行程度
分布：流行(78%)，普及(13%)，传播(9%)
优势;盛行(prevail的名词：pre+val+ence)[vail,val=strong,表示"强壮"]
ADJ-GRADED
流行的；盛行的；普遍的
A condition, practice, or belief that is prevalent is common.
例：This condition is more prevalent in women than in men...这种病症在女性当中比在男性当中更为普遍。
例：Smoking is becoming increasingly prevalent among younger women...抽烟在年轻女性中变得越来越常见。
n. 流行；普遍；广泛
 - popularity, rifeness

Word: rite
Front: rite
[raɪt] (托宝 6510/7121 -2)
Vocabulary: rite
(once / 262 pages)
n
A rite is a ceremony or event that leads to a new phase of life, like high school graduation or a bat mitzvah.
Rites are rituals. Religions in particular have many rites, which include celebrations and sacraments such as baptism or confession. But people also use this word for any kind of event that signifies moving through a stage of life. For a football player, getting your first touchdown is a "rite of passage." Even a job interview could be considered a rite — it's a traditional ritual, something everyone has to go through before landing a first job.
WORD FAMILY
rite: rites, ritual +/ ritual: ritualise, ritualism, ritualize, ritually, rituals/ritualise: ritualised/ritualism: ritualisms, ritualist, ritualistic/ritualist: ritualists/ritualistic: ritualistically/ritualize: ritualized
USAGE EXAMPLES
In words borrowed from the monastic rite of Compline, Hunthausen with Ryan’s help chose to “resist, steadfast in the faith.”
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Please join in a celebration of Holy Eucharist, following Rite II with Lessons and Carols.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
It said Tuesday that it’s selling the Rite Aid stores in response to concerns raised by federal anti-trust regulators.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 仪式，典礼，礼仪; 习惯，惯例; [宗]礼拜式
分布：仪式(89%)，典礼(11%)
→来自拉丁语 ritus,宗教仪式，习惯，习俗，可能来自 rei,思考，劝告，词源同 rate,read,reason.
【记】教徒总是认为rite是right的。
【参】ritual（n 典礼；仪式；adj 典礼的；仪式的）
【反】improvised act（即席的行动）
noun countable usually plural
■(a usually religious ceremony with) a set of fixed words and actions 宗教仪式；礼节；惯例
• funeral/marriage/fertility rites 葬礼／婚礼／祈祷人丁兴旺的仪式
• You have to go through an initiation rite before you become a full member. 你得完成入会仪式才能成为正式会员。
n. 仪式；惯例，习俗；典礼
 - ceremony, tradition, convention, usage, institution

Word: sticker
Front: sticker
[ˈstɪkə(r)] (6709/9890 -1)
Back: n. 张贴物; 固执的人，坚持不懈的人; 难题，使人为难的东西; 踌躇不决的人
vt. 给…贴上标签价
adj. 汽车价目标签的; 汽车标签价的
分布：贴纸(85%)，固执的人(11%)，尖刺(2%)，粘附物(2%)
→stick,粘贴，-er,表物。
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■a small piece of paper or plastic with a picture or writing on one side and glue or another similar substance on the other side, so that it will fasten to a surface 黏贴标签；贴纸
• a bumper/window sticker 保险杆／车窗贴纸
• Sophie's notebook is covered with stickers. 苏菲的笔记本上贴满了贴纸。
• There were two different price stickers on the shoes I wanted to buy. 我想买的那双鞋上贴了两个不同的标签。
n. [轻] 尖刀；难题；张贴物；坚持不懈的人
 - difficult problem, crux

Word: shrivel
Front: shrivel
[ˈʃrɪvl] (托宝 16142/15916 -1)
Vocabulary: shrivel
(once / 1764 pages)
v
When things shrivel, they wrinkle up and get smaller, the way leaves begin to shrivel and turn brown in the fall.
A lack of moisture can cause something to shrivel, and in humans it tends to be the natural process of aging that makes people shrivel a bit. Flowers will shrivel if you forget to water them, and grapes will eventually shrivel into raisins if you dry them out long enough. The root of shrivel is uncertain, but it may have a Scandinavian source and be related to the Swedish word skryvla, "to wrinkle."
WORD FAMILY
shrivel: shriveled, shriveling, shrivelled, shrivelling, shrivels
USAGE EXAMPLES
Beyond capturing the cyclical transformations of season—verdant kudzu shrivelled brown, bare trees turned fruitful—the photographs highlight the creeping passage of time.
The New Yorker(Dec 06, 2016)
More than 200,000 investors saw their life savings shrivel.
Seattle Times(Nov 30, 2016)
There’s also fruit – oranges – they look pretty bad because they’re kind of shrivelled up, but they smell amazing.
The Guardian(Nov 22, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. （因热力，严寒、干燥、年老等而）枯萎，皱缩
时态：shrivelled, shrivelling, shrivels
分布：动词(98%)，名词(2%)
→词源不详，可能与 shrink 与相联系。比较 shake,shiver.
【记】sh屎，rivel＝river：把sh投入river中，河面就会起皱
['ʃrɪv.əl] (-ll- or US USUALLY -l-)
verb intransitive or transitive
■to become dry, smaller and covered with lines as if by crushing or folding, or to make something do this （使）枯萎；（使）干枯；（使）皱缩
• The lack of rain has shrivelled the crops. 雨水不足，农作物枯萎了。
• You ought to pick those lettuces before they shrivel (up) and die. 你应该在那些生菜枯死之前收割。
intransitive
■to become much smaller than is needed or wanted 缩小；萎缩
• Profits are shrivelling as the recession gets worse. 随着经济衰退的加剧，利润不断萎缩。
vi. 枯萎；皱缩
 - flag, wither away
vt. 使枯萎；使皱缩；使束手无策
 - blast, wither up

Word: throttle
Front: throttle
[ˈθrɒtl] (托宝 11179/12877 -1)
Vocabulary: throttle
(once / 1988 pages)
1nv 2v
The throttle of an engine controls the fuel going in, and if you're going at full throttle, you'd better hang onto your hat.
You can think of a throttle as a throat, and the two words may be related. But as with a throat, if you block a throttle, something bad is likely to happen. You can throttle your car — cut off the air to the engine, also known as applying the choke — and you might stall it out. You can also throttle a person — the image is that you grab the person by the throat and cut off his air. It's much better to use throttle figuratively, as when you beat someone really badly at tennis, you could say "you throttled her," but nobody has to get hurt.
WORD FAMILY
throttle: throttled, throttler, throttles, throttling+/throttler: throttlers/throttling: throttlings
USAGE EXAMPLES
There’s unlikely to be a letup on the throttle this time.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Drive modes adjust throttle response, steering weight, gearbox mapping and the amount of engine growl allowed into the cabin.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
A nurse working in a south Wales emergency department, who was throttled by a patient, believes more needs to be done.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 节流阀; 喉咙，气管; [机]风门
vt. & vi. 扼杀，压制; 勒死，使窒息; 使节流; （用节汽阀等）调节
vi. 节流，减速; 窒息
时态：throttled, throttling, throttles
分布：油门(64%)，节流阀(30%)，使窒息(3%)，喉咙(2%)，扼喉咙(1%)
→来自 throat,喉咙，-le,表反复或工具格后缀。引申动词词义掐死，勒死，名词词义节流阀等。
【记】throt＝throat（n 喉），tle－掐脖子
US ['θrɑ:.tˌl] noun countable
■a valve which allows more or less fuel to go into an engine and so changes the power with which the engine operates 节流阀；油门
UK ['θrɒt.l] US ['θrɑ:.tˌl] noun countable
at full/half throttle
■at full/half speed or power 以全速／半速；尽全力／以一半的力量
• He's working at full throttle (= as hard as he can) to get the job finished. 他正全力以赴完成工作。
• The captain of the boat had his engines at full throttle. 船长让船开足马力全速行驶。
UK ['θrɒt.l] US ['θrɑ:.tˌl] verb transitive
PRESS THROAT 掐喉咙
■to press someone's throat very tightly so that they cannot breathe 掐（喉咙）；使窒息
• informal Sometimes he annoys me so much that I could throttle him. 有时他真令我讨厌，我恨不得掐死他。
UK ['θrɒt.l] US ['θrɑ:.tˌl] verb transitive
PREVENT 防止
■to prevent something from succeeding 阻挡；压制；扼杀
• The reduction in funds is throttling the development of new programmes. 削减经费将阻碍新计划的开展。
UK ['θrɒt.l] US ['θrɑ:.tˌl] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] throttle (sth) back/down
■to reduce speed, or to reduce the power and speed being produced by an engine （调节油门）减速
• The pilot throttled back (the engines) as he came in to land. 著陆时，飞行员调节油门减速。
n. [机] 节流阀； [车辆] 风门；喉咙
 - throttling valve, THORT
vt. 压制，扼杀；使……窒息；使……节流
 - kill, silence
vi. [机] 节流，减速；窒息
 - slow down, speed reduction

Word: tradable
Front: tradable
[ˈtreɪdəbl] (29339/47022)
Back: adj. 可贸易的，可买卖的
分布：可贸易的(55%)，可买卖的(45%)
adj. 可贸易的；可买卖的
 - merchantable

Word: brit

Word: unloved
Front: unloved
[ˌʌnˈlʌvd] (24236/20263)
Back: adj. 未被爱的，未被喜爱的
分布：失宠的(75%)，不被爱的(25%)
[ʌn'lʌvd] formal
adjective
■not loved 无人喜爱的
• He found himself alone and unloved. 他觉得自己孤零零一个人，没人疼爱。

Word: awake
Front: awake
[əˈweɪk] (中高研四六 4647/4786 -K2)
Vocabulary: awake
(once / 74 pages)
adjv
When you're awake, you're conscious and aware of your surroundings. When you're not awake, you're asleep. If you are reading this, you are indeed awake.
Most people are awake during the day and asleep at night, but if you work the night shift or suffer from insomnia, you might also be awake at night. When awake is used as a verb, it means "wake up:" "I watched my kitten awake from a deep sleep and yawn." Awake comes from two Old English roots, āwæcnan, "to arise," and āwacian, "to revive."
WORD FAMILY
awake: awaked, awaken, awakes, awaking, awoke, awoken+/ awaken: awakened, awakening, awakens, reawaken /awakened: unawakened/ awakening: awakenings/ reawaken: reawakened, reawakening, reawakens
USAGE EXAMPLES
Los Angeles residents awoke Sunday morning to see that one thing, at least, looked different in the New Year: the Hollywood sign.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The Whetstone High School junior awoke to the sounds of her 11-year-old brother, Tyler, screaming.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
“He was awake and talking but clearly critically injured,” Scalea said.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 醒着的; 警惕的
vt. & vi. 唤醒; 唤起; 觉悟
时态：awoke, awoken, awaking, awakes
分布：醒着的(40%)，醒来(30%)，唤醒(16%)，唤起(11%)，警觉的(3%)
a.醒着的vt.唤醒,使觉醒vi.醒来,醒悟到The wakened cake baker awakes to that he has to brake by the lake.被唤醒的蛋糕师傅醒悟到他必须在湖边刹车.
adjective [after verb]
 ESSENTIAL
■not sleeping 醒着的
• "Is Oliver awake yet?" "Yes, he's wide (= completely) awake and running around his bedroom." “奥利弗醒了吗？”“是的，他完全醒了，正在睡房里乱跑呢。”
• I find it so difficult to stay awake during history lessons. 我觉得上历史课不打瞌睡太难了。
• I drink a lot of coffee to keep me awake. 我喝了很多咖啡以保持头脑清醒。
• She used to lie awake at night worrying about how to pay the bills. 她过去常常夜里躺在床上合不上眼，发愁怎样付帐单。
be awake to sth mainly UK
■If you are awake to something, you know about it 意识到；认识到
• Businesses need to be awake to the advantages of European integration. 企业界应意识到欧洲一体化的好处。
[ə'weɪk] verb intransitive or transitive (awoke or US ALSO awaked, awoken) US ALSO literary
■to stop sleeping or to make someone stop sleeping （使）醒来；唤醒
• I awoke at seven o'clock. 我在七点钟醒了。
• She awoke me at seven. 她七点时叫醒了我。
■to become familiar with something or to make someone familiar with something （使）领悟；（使）醒悟；（使）意识到；（被）唤起
• The chance meeting awoke the old passion between them. 这次邂逅使他们爱火重燃。
• Young people need to awake to the risks involved in casual sex. 年轻人应该意识到，随意的性关系会带来很多危险。
waken, evoke, wake, arouse, awake
这组词都有“唤醒,唤起”的意思，其区别是：
waken: vi.醒来,睡醒(up);觉醒,振奋 vt.唤醒,弄醒;使觉醒;使振奋,激发;激起
evoke: vt.唤起,引起,使人想到
wake: vi.醒来 vt.唤醒,唤起,激起,使认识到 wake (up) to 认识到,意识到
arouse: vt.引起,唤起,激起;唤醒=awaken
awake: adj.[用作表语]醒着的 vt.唤醒,觉醒 vi.醒,觉醒,意识到
waken, rouse, wake, arouse, awake
这组词都有“唤醒、醒来”的意思，其区别是：
waken: 书面用词，常用于被动态和引申意义。
rouse: 较正式用词，用主动语态时，强调弄醒别人的努力，用被动语态时，指轻而易举地醒过来。可用于引申意义。
wake: 普通常用词，指真正的醒来。即可作及物动词也可作不及物动词。
arouse: 除表示一般的唤醒外，多作引申用。
awake: 正式用词，常指觉醒、警惕的状态，也多用于比喻。
vi. 觉醒，意识到；醒来；被唤起
 - be aware that, be on to
vt. 唤醒；使觉醒；激起，唤起
 - arouse, wake sb. up
adj. 醒着的
 - waking, wakeful

Word: disqualify
Front: disqualify
[dɪsˈkwɒlɪfaɪ] (11992/10228 -1)
Back: vt. 使无资格; 使不合格; 取消…的资格
时态：disqualified, disqualifying, disqualifies
分布：使 ... 丧失资格(100%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。qualify, 使符合资质，合格。
US [-'skwɑ:.lə-] verb transitive
■to stop someone from being in a competition or doing something because they are unsuitable or they have done something wrong 取消（某人）的资格，剥夺（某人）的资格
• He's been disqualified from driving for a year. 他被取消驾驶资格有一年了。
• Two top athletes have been disqualified from the championship after positive drug tests. 两名顶级运动员因药检呈阳性而被取消了参加锦标赛的资格。

Word: ecstasy
Front: ecstasy
[ˈekstəsi] (托宝 9422/8057 -1)
Vocabulary: ecstasy
(once / 484 pages)
1n 2n
If you’ve ever been so happy that the rest of the world seemed to disappear, you’ve felt ecstasy — a feeling or state of intensely beautiful bliss.
Ecstasy will make you want to write poetry. It happened to John Donne, whose poem “The Ecstasy” is about the feeling of the whole world vanishing when he looks into his lover’s eyes. Sometimes artists see an epic landscapes that caused such ecstasy that they had to turn it into a painting. Ecstasy can mean a feeling or it can also be a state of being, so you might say, “I’m in ecstasy because this pumpkin pie tastes so delicious!”
WORD FAMILY
ecstasy: ecstasies, ecstatic +/ ecstatic: ecstatically
USAGE EXAMPLES
On Tuesday, the regulatory body gave the green light for a phase III trial of another contentious drug: using ecstasy to treat post-traumatic stress disorder.
Science Magazine(Dec 01, 2016)
This week, the Food and Drug Administration approved a large-scale trial investigating MDMA, the illegal party drug better known as Ecstasy, for post-traumatic stress disorder.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
San Bernardino County coroner’s officials announced Wednesday that the three accidentally overdosed on the drug Ecstasy.
Seattle Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 狂喜; 出神，忘形; 无法自控的情绪; 迷幻药
分布：狂喜(57%)，摇头丸(29%)，入迷(14%)
→ec-, 向外。-st, 站。比喻义，偏离原地的，灵魂出窍的。
【记】ec出，stasy站一高兴得站立出来一狂喜
【参】statue（n 雕像）；stasis（n 停滞）；ecstatic（n 狂喜的人adj 狂喜的）
【反】ecstatic（adj 狂喜的）－persevered（adj 自制的）
noun
EMOTION 情感
countable or uncountable
■a state of extreme happiness, especially when feeling pleasure 狂喜，欣喜若狂
• She threw her head back as if in ecstasy. 她仰着头，一副飘飘欲仙的样子。
• sexual ecstasy 性快感
['ek.stə.si] noun
DRUG 毒品
uncountable (abbreviation E)
■a powerful drug which makes you feel very active and can cause you to hallucinate (= see or hear things that do not exist) 摇头丸
['ek.stə.si] noun
be/go into ecstasies about/over sth informal
■to be or become very excited about something 痴迷于；陶醉于；对…异常狂热
• She went into ecstasies about the food there. 那里的饭菜她吃上了瘾。
n. 狂喜；入迷；忘形
 - transport, extasy

Word: consulate
Front: consulate
[ˈkɒnsjələt] (15593/21559 -1)
Vocabulary: consulate
(once / 1164 pages)
n
One of the buildings where diplomats work is called a consulate. Many countries have both an American embassy and an American consulate.
A consul is a diplomat who works in a foreign country as her home country's representative. The consul's offices are located in the consulate. A traveler might visit his own country's consulate when he's traveling abroad and needs help of some kind — for example, if his passport has been stolen or he's gotten into legal trouble. The root of consulate is the Latin consul, "magistrate," from consulere, "to deliberate or counsel."
WORD FAMILY
consulate: consulates+/ consul: consular, consuls, consulship/consular: consulate /consulship: consulships
USAGE EXAMPLES
Consulate General in Istanbul on Sunday warned American citizens to keep their movements in the city “to an absolute minimum,” The Associated Press reported.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Consulate General in Istanbul on Sunday warned American citizens to keep their movements in the city “to an absolute minimum.”
Time(Jan 01, 2017)
“Attack the embassies and consulates of Turkey and all coalition countries where you are,” the message said.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 领事馆; 领事职位; 领事任期
分布：领事(51%)，领事馆(49%)
US ['kɑ:n.sjə-] noun countable
■the office where a consul works 领事馆
• the Cuban consulate in Mexico City 驻墨西哥城的古巴领事馆

Word: facial
Front: facial
[ˈfeɪʃl] (高 5735/8701 -2)
Vocabulary: facial
(once / 2552 pages)
1adjn 2adj
When you describe something as facial, it has to do with the face. Your facial expression is the smile — or frown — that you happen to be wearing on your face.
Your facial features are made up of your eyes, nose, mouth, cheeks — everything that together comprises your whole face. When you use the word facial as a noun, it means a spa treatment that usually includes a deep cleaning and moisturizing of the face. You might decide to get a massage and a facial at the fancy resort hotel where you're spending a relaxing week. The Medieval Latin root is facialis, "of the face," from facies, "figure, appearance, or countenance."
WORD FAMILY
facial: bifacial, facially, facials+/ deface: defaced, defacement, defaces, defacing/defacement: defacements/ face: biface, deface, faced, faceless, faces, facial, facing, reface/faced: facedest, facedly/faceless: facelessly/facing: facings/reface: refaced, refacing
USAGE EXAMPLES
I do that once a week, and I get facials every other week at Haven.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The NYPD now joins a handful of law enforcement agencies in the country — including the Riverside Police Department — to allow facial hair and turbans.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
This image is helped by the facial expressions and the low angle emphasising how far May is off the ground.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 面部的; 面部用的; 表面的
n. 美容; 面部按摩
分布：美容(49%)，面部的(42%)，脸部的(9%)
→来自face, 脸。
adjective
■of or on the face 面部的，脸上的
• facial hair 脸部汗毛
• facial cleansers and moisturizers 面部清洁和保湿用品
• facial expressions 面部表情
['feɪ.ʃəl] noun countable
■a beauty treatment which cleans and improves the skin of the face with creams (= thick liquids) and gentle rubbing 面部美容护理
• Beauty treatments range from an eyelash tint at £8 to a deep cleansing facial costing £58. 美容护理服务价格不一，包括收费8英镑的染睫毛和收费58英镑的面部深层清洁。
adj. 面部的，表面的；脸的，面部用的
 - external, surface
n. 美容，美颜；脸部按摩
 - hairdressing, beauty treatment

Word: po

Word: finely
Front: finely
[ˈfaɪnli] (六 5958/7044 -K)
Back: adv. 美好地; 精细地，细微地
分布：微细地(67%)，精细地(33%)
adverb
THINLY 细薄地
■into very thin or small pieces 细薄地；细小地
• Chop the herbs very finely. 把草药剁得很碎。
• Make sure the spices are finely ground. 确保香料被磨细。
['faɪn.li] adverb
EXACTLY 精确地
■to an exact degree 精确地；精密地
• a finely-tuned engine 经过精确调整的引擎
• a finely-executed manoeuvre 精确完成的动作
['faɪn.li] adverb
EXCELLENTLY 极好地
■beautifully 好看地，漂亮地；美好地
• The painting depicts a finely-dressed couple. 这幅画描绘了一对衣着华丽的夫妻。
adv. 非常地；细微地；美好地；雅致地
 - considerably, remarkably, tremendously

Word: narcotic
Front: narcotic
[nɑ:ˈkɒtɪk] (托雅宝 8433/15503 -1)
Vocabulary: narcotic
(once / 2114 pages)
nadj
Use the noun narcotic to talk about a pain relieving or sleep inducing drug and the adjective narcotic to describe anything that has these same effects.
Patients who have their wisdom teeth removed are often given a narcotic to ease their pain afterward. A numbing drug is usually just what they need to recover — that and plenty of ice cream. If a hot bath and a cup of tea make you incredibly drowsy, you can say that they have a narcotic effect on you. In the United States, narcotic drugs are illegal without a doctor's prescription — narcotic often has a negative connotation, especially when it's used in news reports.
WORD FAMILY
narcotic: narcotically, narcotics, narcotise, narcotize+/narcotise: narcotised, narcotising/narcotize: narcotized, narcotizes, narcotizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Another red flag: Ray said if a pharmacist orders more narcotics than are being distributed through order prescriptions it may draw the inspector’s interest.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Security footage later released by police showed Hollins jumping the counter and demanding liquid narcotics while keeping one hand inside the bag.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
One day a cellmate, convicted of selling narcotics online, sidled up to him with some news.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 麻醉药; 镇定剂
adj. 麻醉的; 催眠的; 起麻痹作用的; 吸毒成瘾的
分布：麻醉药(50%)，毒品(31%)，催眠的(8%)，镇静剂(6%)，麻醉的(5%)
→来自narcotic,麻醉。
麻醉的[narc=numbxx 神话学]
【记】读：那颗“提克”，提克是鸦片的前身。
【参】nasal（adj 鼻的；鼻音的）
US [nɑ:r'kɑ:tˌ-] noun countable mainly US an illegal drug such as heroin or cocaine 毒品（如海洛因或古柯碱）
• He faces three years in jail for selling narcotics. 他因出售毒品而面临三年的监禁。
■specialized
■a drug which makes you want to sleep and prevents you feeling pain 催眠药；麻醉剂
• Morphine is a narcotic. 吗啡是一种麻醉剂。
UK [nɑ:'kɒt.ɪk] US [nɑ:r'kɑ:tˌ-] adjective
■relating to drugs which make you want to sleep and prevent pain 催眠药；麻醉剂
• narcotic drugs 麻醉剂
• a narcotic effect 催眠效果
adj. [药] 麻醉的；有麻醉作用的；催眠的
 - anesthetic, anaesthetic
n. [药] 麻醉药；镇静剂；起麻醉作用的事物
 - drug, banque

Word: etc
Front: etc
['etk] (3079/1290 -3)
Back: adv. 等等及其他; 诸如此类
abbr. [拉丁语]et cetera（常读作 and so forth）
分布：及其他(100%)
等等；以及其他
etc is used at the end of a list to indicate that you have mentioned only some of the items involved and have not given a full list. etc is a written abbreviation for (书面缩略=) 'et cetera'.
例：She knew all about my schoolwork, my hospital work etc.她知道有关我的学业、医院工作等所有的一切。
例：...a packed programme of events—shows, dances, coach tours, sports, etc.紧凑的活动安排——时装秀、舞蹈、四轮马车巡游、体育比赛等等
adv. 等等，及其他
 - so on and so forth

Word: suitor
Front: suitor
[ˈsu:tə(r)] (12528/14936 -1)
Vocabulary: suitor
(once / 870 pages)
n
A suitor is a guy who asks you out on a date. You can describe your sister's prom escort as her suitor.
The noun suitor is an old fashioned word for a somewhat old fashioned kind of person: a man who woos or courts a woman. If a boy serenades you from below your bedroom window, he is your suitor, especially if he hopes to marry you one day. In the fourteenth century, a suitor was a fan or follower — the romantic meaning came along almost two hundred years later. The root is the Latin word sequi, "to attend or follow."
WORD FAMILY
suitor: suitors
USAGE EXAMPLES
Shortly afterwards, a Guardian reader wrote to offer himself as a potential suitor and I forwarded his message to her.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
As Marie, Sally’s best friend in When Harry Met Sally, she carried a Rolodex of potential suitors for friends.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
"Hi, what's your name? Will you marry me?" he says, parodying your average, somewhat-over-enthusiastic Mormon suitor.
BBC(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 求婚者; 起诉者; 请愿者
分布：求婚者(61%)，请愿者(21%)，原告(18%)
→来自古动词词义 suit,跟随，求婚。
求婚者(su追求+itor;参考:pursue追求)[-itor表名词"人"]
US ['su:.ɚ] noun countable literary
■a man who wants to marry a particular woman （女子的）求婚者，追求者
• It's the story of a young woman who can't make up her mind which of her many suitors she should marry. 这个故事说的是一位年轻女子拿不定主意该嫁给众多追求者中的哪一个。
■specialized
■a person or company who wants to take control of another company 有收购意向者
• PJH Corporation said it had been approached by two possible suitors who had submitted bids to buy the company. 公司称已和递交收购该公司标书的两家潜在收购者有过接洽。
n. 求婚者；请愿者； [法] 起诉人
 - gamomania, lonely hearts

Word: reactionary
Front: reactionary
[riˈækʃənri] (宝 13846/11994 -1)
Vocabulary: reactionary
(once / 2457 pages)
adjn
Reactionary describes people on the far right politically. Reactionaries occupy a political space past conservative, near where ultra-conservative bumps shoulders with fascist.
A reactionary is someone reacting (in horror) to what most of the world considers to be progress. No one describes themselves as reactionary––you will hear it more often as a condemnation, as in "I cannot support the reactionary policy of mandatory military service for 18-year-olds."
WORD FAMILY
reactionary: reactionaries, reactionarily+/ overreact: overreacted, overreacting, overreaction, overreacts/overreaction: overreactions/ react: overreact, reactant, reacted, reacting, reaction, reactive, reacts/ reaction: reactionary, reactionism, reactions/reactionism: reactionist/ reactive: reactively, reactivity, unreactive
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s unfair and reactionary to question everything about this team.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
That’s how we win – by reclaiming the notion of a better future from the reactionaries and demagogues.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
The movie, and the way it was received and viciously attacked online, told us something vital about the hive mind of the US’s reactionary right.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 反动的; 保守的; [化]反应的
n. 反动派; 保守分子
分布：反动的(52%)，反动分子(21%)，反动主义的(12%)，反对改革的(12%)，反对政府或社会变革者(3%)
【记】re反，action动，ary一反对运动的－保守的
【参】reactivate（v 使恢复活动）
【反】votary（n 信仰者）
US [-er-] disapproving
noun countable
■a person who is opposed to political or social change or new ideas 反动分子；保守分子；反对进步者
• Reactionaries are preventing reforms. 保守分子正在阻碍改革。
adj. 反动的；反动主义的；反对改革的
 - retroactive
n. 反动分子；反动派
 - counterrevolutionary

Word: trot
Front: trot
[trɒt] (六托 8347/8837 -1)
Vocabulary: trot
(once / 475 pages)
1vn 2n
To trot is move faster than walking, but not quite at a full-out run. You might trot down the street when you hear the ice cream truck coming.
People can trot — as they do when they jog or do a slow run — and so can four-legged animals, especially horses. When you see a horse trot, you'll notice that its diagonally opposite legs move together, touching the ground at the same time. Trot is a Middle English word that comes from Old French, troter, "to trot or to go," which in turn has a Germanic root related to the word tread.
WORD FAMILY
trot: trots, trotted, trotter, trotting+/trotter: trotters
USAGE EXAMPLES
On a recent visit in June, Clark arrived with a black Labrador on a leash trotting beside her.
New York Times(Jan 12, 2012)
He spots a seventh-grader trotting home beneath a bulky backpack.
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Picture a miserable horse trotting through the season finale, a skeleton strapped to its back.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: n. 马的小跑; 人快步走; 摇摇摆摆学步的孩子; 〈古〉老太婆
vi. 小跑; 快速前进; 赶紧
vt. 使小跑; 使快步走
时态：trotted, trotting, trots
分布：小跑(62%)，慢跑(21%)，快步走(7%)，老太婆(5%)，现成译本(3%)，疾走(2%)
→来自古法语 troter,小跑，来自 Proto-Germanic*trott,小跑，衍生自*tred,踩踏，词源同 trade,tread.
US [trɑ:t] verb (-tt-)
RUN 跑
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■If a horse or similar animal with four legs trots, it runs at its slowest speed, using short steps in which a front leg and the back leg on the opposite side move together （四肢动物的）小跑，慢跑
• We were trotting along the lane when a car suddenly appeared from nowhere and almost made me fall off my pony. 我们正沿小路骑马小跑，一辆汽车不知从哪里突然冒了出来，我差点从小马背上跌下来。
• The dog trotted down the path to greet me. 这只狗沿路小跑着过来迎接我。
Compare canter ; gallop
UK [trɒt] US [trɑ:t] verb (-tt-)
HURRY 匆忙
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition informal
■When people trot somewhere, they go there in a quick or busy way （人）匆忙地走，快步走
• She left her purse on the counter, so I had to trot down the street after her. 她把钱包忘在柜枱上，我只好匆忙跑到街上去追她。
• "I'm in a bit of a rush. I'll give you a ring," said James, and off he trotted. “我有点急事，我会给你打电话的。”詹姆斯说完就匆忙离开了。
• Although she retired from politics five years ago, she still trots around the globe, giving speeches and meeting world leaders. 虽然五年前就退出了政坛，但她还在满世界跑，到处作演讲，会见各国领导人。
⇒ See also globetrotter
intransitive + adverb or preposition informal
■to speak or do something too quickly 连珠炮似地说；急匆匆地做
• She was rather nervous and trotted through her speech a bit too quickly. 她比较紧张，演讲速度有点偏快。
UK [trɒt] US [trɑ:t] verb (-tt-)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] trot sth out disapproving
■to state an idea, opinion or fact, especially one that has been stated often before or one that is silly 动不动就提出，重复说（老一套的东西）
• You trot out that argument whenever I try to discuss this matter with you. 每次我想与你讨论这件事的时候，你总是重复那一套说辞。
• Whenever I ask him why his essay's late, he just trots out the same old excuses. 每当我问他为甚么迟交作文时，他总是用同样的借口解释。
UK [trɒt] US [trɑ:t] verb (-tt-)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M often passive] trot sb out disapproving
■to send someone to represent or defend your idea or opinion in public, in a boring and familiar way 让（某人）代表自己出面，把（某人）抬出来
• Whenever the President is in difficulties, her spokesman is trotted out to face the press. 每当总统处境困难时，她的发言人就被推出来面对新闻界。
UK [trɒt] US [trɑ:t] noun
RUN 跑
only singular
■the speed or movement of a horse or similar animal when it trots 快步，小跑（马或类似动物的快步走或小跑）；其快步或小跑的速度
• He climbed onto his horse and set off at a relaxed trot down the lane. 他骑上马，沿着小路轻快地小跑着出发了。
only singular
■a slow run by a human （人的）慢跑，小步跑
• The team warmed up for the match with a trot around the pitch. 队员们绕着球场慢跑为比赛热身。
UK [trɒt] US [trɑ:t] noun
ILLNESS 疾病
the trots
[plural] informal
■ diarrhoea (= a condition in which the contents of the bowels are emptied too often)
• to get/have the trots 拉肚子
• That prawn curry gave me the trots. 那份咖喱大虾吃得我拉肚子。
UK [trɒt] US [trɑ:t] noun
on the trot UK informal
■If you do things on the trot, you do them directly after each other without pausing 接连地；一个接一个地
• They won three games on the trot. 他们获得了三连胜。
• She worked 30 hours on the trot to get the job finished on time. 为了能按时完成任务，她连续工作了30个小时。
UK [trɒt] US [trɑ:t] noun
a (quick/brisk) trot through sth informal
■when you examine or explain the whole of a subject, method or piece of work quickly without stopping or getting slower 快速检查；迅速解释
• In this book, John Pemble takes a brisk trot through the history and mysteries of Venice. 在这本书中，约翰‧彭伯简单回顾了威尼斯的历史和神秘之处。
trot, jog, run, race
这组词都有“跑”的意思，其区别是：
trot: 强调小跑时上下弹跳的动作，是介于跑与走之间轻快的快速运动。
jog: 指从容不迫地慢跑。
run: 最普通用词，指由于各种原因而急速奔跑。
race: 多用于赛跑，指以最快速度奔跑。
n. （人）慢跑；马小跑的步态；小跑的马蹄声；刚学步的小孩；老太婆；腹泻；（学生作弊用的）译文对照本
 - dogging, diarrhea
vi. （马）小跑；（人）慢跑；快步走
 - double, go jogging

Word: unpalatable
Front: unpalatable
[ʌnˈpælətəbl] (托宝 23003/18541)
Vocabulary: unpalatable
(once / 6813 pages)
adj
Use the adjective unpalatable to describe something that tastes really bad, like a glass of unsweetened lemonade.
Food is unpalatable if it tastes or smells terrible, but other non-edible things can also be described this way, if just thinking about them makes you cringe. You might find it unpalatable that some people starve while others have much more than they need, for example. Unpalatable is the antonym of palatable, meaning "good-tasting." It all started with the Latin root word palatum, meaning "roof of the mouth."
WORD FAMILY
unpalatable: unpalatability, unpalatableness, unpalatably+/ palatable: palatability, palatableness, palatably, unpalatable
USAGE EXAMPLES
Without the option of imaginative flourishes to explore unpalatable emotions, Manchester by the Sea and Jackie represent even greater challenges in the dramatisation of grief.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
A draw was no use to either side here - so the notion of defeat was even more unpalatable.
BBC(Dec 18, 2016)
But after his defeat at the polls in October, Mr Santos was forced to choose between unpalatable options.
Economist(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: adj. 味道差的，不好吃的; 无味
分布：不好吃的(56%)，让人不快的(33%)，不可口的(11%)
【记】un不，palatable（adj 美味的）：不美味的
US [-tˌə-] formal
adjective
■describes a fact or idea that is unpleasant or shocking and therefore difficult to accept （事实或想法）令人不快的，让人难以接受的
• the unpalatable truth/facts about the war 令人难以接受的战争真相／事实
■describes food that is unpleasant to taste or eat （食物）难以下咽的，不可口的
adj. 味道差的，难吃的；讨人厌的，使人不快的
 - unsavoury, brackish

Word: allure
Front: allure
[əˈlʊə(r)] (托 11876/22427 -1)
Vocabulary: allure
(once / 769 pages)
nv
If you find yourself making eyes at that stranger across the coffee shop, chances are there is an allure about him or her — something mysteriously, powerfully attractive and tempting.
You've probably noticed that allure contains lure, from the German word luder meaning "bait." A well-made lure is so alluring to a fish that it won't notice the hook. First used in the 15th century, this word has even landed its own fashion magazine — "Allure," which tries to tempt people to buy it by putting powerfully attractive people on the cover and hoping you'll believe that if you buy it, you'll have some allure as well.
WORD FAMILY
allure: allured, allurement, allures, alluring +/allurement: allurements/ alluring: alluringly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Robinson conveys a frosty allure as an enchantress who reduces men to messes.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
A video features the alluring Thomas Edwards, of the Scottish Ballet, in a hawk costume, as he reimagines the play’s largely undocumented choreography.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The mystery and allure of the original building factors heavily into the museum’s identity, Manné said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 诱惑力，魅力
vt. & vi. 引诱，诱惑; 吸引
vt. 引诱，诱惑; 勾引
vi. 诱人，吸引人
时态：allured, alluring, allures
分布：吸引(38%)，诱惑(28%)，吸引力(22%)，诱惑力(12%)
→前缀al-同ad-. 单词 lure, 诱惑。
UK [-'lʊər] US [-'lʊr] noun uncountable
■the quality of being attractive, interesting or exciting 诱惑；魅力；吸引力
• the allure of working in television 电视行业工作所具有的吸引力
• sexual allure 性魅力
vt. 引诱，诱惑；吸引
 - absorb, attract, engage, induce, seduce
n. 诱惑力
 - duende

Word: unanimous
Front: unanimous
[juˈnænɪməs] (研六托雅宝 8826/8721 -2)
Vocabulary: unanimous
(once / 437 pages)
adj
When a group or a decision is unanimous, it means that everyone is in total agreement. Just imagine if you let third graders vote on what to serve at lunch: Pizza and candy would be the unanimous choice!
The adjective unanimous comes from the similar Latin word unanimus, which means “of one mind.” So when people think unanimously, they all have the same idea in their heads. A vote is unanimous when all voters are in agreement. Said Marcus Cicero, “Great is the power, great is the authority of a senate that is unanimous in its opinions.”
WORD FAMILY
unanimous: unanimity, unanimously +/ unanimity: unanimities
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Huskies remain the unanimous No. 1 team in the poll Monday after beating then-No.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The Fourth Ohio District Court of Appeals rejected those arguments in a unanimous ruling last week, saying there was sufficient evidence to support the convictions.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
There’s a split in the yoga world about the pros and cons of flesh-eating but unanimous consent that gluttony is not your friend.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 全体一致的; 一致同意的，无异议的
分布：全体一致的(56%)，一致同意的(44%)
→un-, 一，词源同unit, -anim, 呼吸，词源同animal, animate.引申词义一致同意。
意见一致的(un+anim生命＋ous→[大家]同一个生命→一致的)[anim=life,spirit,表示"生命,精神"等]
全体一致的(un+anim+ous)[un,uni=one,表示"单一,一个"]
a.全体一致的,一致同意的The animals unanimously vanished from the mammal's room furnished with Spanish furniture.动物一齐从配备有西班牙家具的哺乳动物的房间消失.
【记】un＝uni统一，anim生命，精神，ous：有统一的精神－全体一致的
【参】unanimity（n 全体一致）
adjective
■If a group of people are unanimous, they all agree about one particular matter or vote the same way, and if a decision or judgment is unanimous, it is formed or supported by everyone in a group （团体）意见一致的；（决定或裁决）一致通过的，获得全体支援的
• The jury returned a unanimous verdict of guilty after a short deliberation. 陪审团经过短时间商讨后一致裁决有罪。
• After a lengthy discussion we reached a unanimous decision on the proposal. 经过长时间讨论，我们对这一提案作出了一致决定。
• The new format has unanimous support and could be introduced next season. 新的设计获得了一致支持，将会在下个季度推广使用。
adj. 全体一致的；意见一致的；无异议的
 - unobjectionable, undisputed

Word: ambulance
Front: ambulance
[ˈæmbjələns] (高研四雅 5500/3860 -K2)
Vocabulary: ambulance
(once / 1002 pages)
n
An ambulance is an emergency vehicle that transports people to the hospital in emergencies. If you see that someone's been injured in a car accident, it's a good idea to call an ambulance.
People who are terribly sick, or who are unexpectedly hurt or injured, often need to get to a hospital quickly, and this is what an ambulance is for. As the patient is driven to a hospital, with the ambulance's lights flashing and siren sounding, he or she is often treated by an emergency medical technician. The word comes from the French phrase hôpital ambulant, or "walking hospital," from the Latin ambulare, "to walk."
WORD FAMILY
ambulance: ambulances
USAGE EXAMPLES
Martin said the militants were regularly using municipal facilities for military means, including transporting weapons in ambulances.
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
Included is one about a woman who holds a dying child’s hand in an ambulance.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
An ambulance arrives, but, as it rushes to the hospital, it runs over an old lady, so it stops and picks her up, too.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 救护车; 野战医院
分布：救护车(100%)
→amble的现在分词，原指战场上救护医生抬着担架四处救助伤员，后专有化指救护车。
救护车,流动医院(ambul+ance→走的东西→救护车)[ambul=walk,表示"行走,走路"]
n.救护车,救护船,救护飞机I glimpsed the dancer balancing herself on the ambulance by chance.我碰巧瞥见舞蹈者在救护车上使自己保持平衡.
noun countable
 IMPROVER
■a special vehicle used to take ill or injured people to hospital 救护车
• I called an ambulance. 我叫了救护车。
• We were woken in the night by the wail of ambulance sirens. 深夜，我们被救护车凄厉的警报声吵醒了。
• an ambulance driver 救护车司机
• An ambulance crew was called to his home, but he was dead by the time they arrived. 救护人员接到了求救电话，但是赶到他家时他已经咽气了。
n. [车辆] [医] 救护车；战时流动医院
 - meat wagon

Word: bermuda

Word: entrust
Front: entrust
[ɪnˈtrʌst] (宝 10414/8484 -1)
Vocabulary: entrust
(once / 595 pages)
v
To entrust is to give someone a responsibility you assume she will fulfill. If you entrust someone with the task of getting you to school on time, make sure she’s punctual.
To entrust is to let someone take care of something for you because you believe she will protect it. It could be a duty or a thing — you might entrust a nursing home with the care of your parents or entrust an accountant with your finances. Entrust is a verb that needs an object, so you always entrust with or to something. If a friend entrusts you with a secret, she trusts you not to tell.
WORD FAMILY
entrust: entrusted, entrusting, entrusts+/ distrust: distrusted, distrusting, distrusts, self-distrust/distrustful: distrustfully, distrustfulness/intrust: intrusted, intrusting, intrusts/mistrust: mistrusted, mistrustful, mistrusting, mistrusts/mistrustful: mistrustfully/ trust: antitrust, distrust, entrust, intrust, mistrust, trusted, trustee, truster, trustful, trusting, trusts, trusty/trusted: trustedly/trustee: trustees, trusteeship/trusteeship: trusteeships/truster: trusters/trustful: distrustful, trustfully, trustfulness/ trusting: trustingest, trustingly, trustingness, untrusting/trusty: trustier, trusties, trustiest, trustily, trustiness, untrusty/untrusty: untrustiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Clattenburg, who was entrusted with the finals of the Champions League, European Championship and FA Cup this year, consults a psychologist.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
It’s a position rarely entrusted to a player without experience or extra years to bulk up.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
With her mother long dead, she was entrusted to her uncle.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: vt. 委托，托付
时态：entrusted, entrusting, entrusts
分布：交托(42%)，信托(33%)，信赖(25%)
→en-, 进入，使。trust, 信任。
委托;相信(en给予+trust→给予相信→委托)[tru=true,表示"相信,真实"]
【记】trust（n 信任；信赖）－我把事情委托给你是对你的一种信赖
verb transitive + adverb or preposition
■to give someone a thing or a duty for which they are responsible 委托；交托；托付
• He didn't look like the sort of man you should entrust your luggage to. 他看起来就不可靠，你不应该把行李托付给他。
• Two senior officials have been entrusted with organizing the auction. 两名高层官员受委托组织这次拍卖活动。
vt. 委托， [贸易] 信托
 - refer, leave in trust

Word: emir
Front: emir
[eˈmiə] (20573/28171 -1)
Vocabulary: emir
(once / 2660 pages)
n
An emir is a ruler or commander, especially in Africa or Arabia.
Emir comes from an Arabic word for "commander." An emir is a chieftain or independent ruler who has power over a province or tribe. An emir might be a prince or just a military commander. You will only hear about emirs in places where the Arabic language has an influence.
WORD FAMILY
emir: emirs
USAGE EXAMPLES
Former emir of Qatar who was deposed by his son in a bloodless palace coup.
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
The Western-allied country has the most freewheeling political system among the wealthy Gulf Arab states, though power ultimately rests with the hereditary emir.
Seattle Times(Nov 27, 2016)
Western-allied Kuwait has the most freewheeling political system among the wealthy Gulf Arab states, though power ultimately rests with the hereditary emir.
Seattle Times(Nov 26, 2016)
Back: n. 埃米尔（对穆斯林统治者的尊称）; 穆罕默德后裔的尊称
分布：=amir(100%)
→来自阿拉伯语，统治者，词源同admiral.
US [-'ɪr] noun countable
■a ruler of particular Muslim countries in the Middle East 埃米尔（中东某些穆斯林国家的统治者）
• the Emir of Kuwait 科威特的埃米尔
n. 埃米尔（穆斯林酋长等的称号）；穆罕默德后裔的尊称；土耳其高级官员的尊称（等于emeer，amir，ameer）
 - Emile, ameer

Word: grossly
Front: grossly
[ˈgrəʊsli] (11901/9503)
Back: adv. 非常; 十足地; 下流地; 大略
分布：非常(45%)，很(33%)，下流地(22%)
US ['groʊ-] adverb
■extremely
• It was grossly unfair to demand such a high interest rate on the loan. 贷款利息如此高是极不公平的。
• He's grossly overweight. 他严重超重。
adv. 很；非常
 - greatly, quite, badly, extremely, too, highly, far

Word: generational
Front: generational
[ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃənl] (11821/26228)
Back: adj. 生育的，世代的
分布：世代的(100%)
ADJ
一代的；两代之间的
Generational means relating to a particular generation, or to the relationship between particular generations.
例：People's lifestyles are usually fixed by generational habits and fashions.人们的生活方式通常取决于那一代的生活习惯和流行时尚。
例：...a generational conflict within the Asian community.亚裔群体内部的代际冲突
adj. 一代的；生育的
 - birthing

Word: gospel
Front: gospel
[ˈgɒspl] (托宝 5461/4812 -2)
Vocabulary: gospel
(once / 754 pages)
1n 2n
Follow advice like gospel and you're following it as though it was the final word or authority on the matter.
The word gospel comes from the Old English god meaning "good" and spel meaning "news, a story." In Christianity, the term "good news" refers to the story of Jesus Christ's birth, death, and resurrection. Gospel music is heard in church and sung by a gospel choir. Outside of its application to religion, the word gospel is also used to describe an idea or rule that's accepted as undoubtedly true.
WORD FAMILY
gospel
USAGE EXAMPLES
To many believers, the prosperity gospel offers hope and promise.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
It’s called the prosperity gospel, a term for the argument used by some preachers that donating to them will personally enrich their audience.
Salon(Dec 29, 2016)
It will be the first time preachers who spread the prosperity gospel will be included in the ceremony.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 真理，信条; 福音音乐; <新约>四福音书; 原则
adj. 传播福音的; 福音赞美诗的
分布：福音(93%)，真理(6%)，新约圣经四福书之一(1%)
→来自good spell的缩写。spell, 符咒，音讯。
【记】源于《圣经?新约》中的福音书（Gospel），是基督教《启示录》的中心内容。福音书是新约圣经的前四本书之一，记载了耶稣的生平、死亡、复活和他的教导go＝god，spel＝spell拼写－上帝的拼写－绝对真理
US ['gɑ:.spəl] noun
CHRISTIANITY 基督教
countable
■any of the four books of the Bible which contain details of the life of Jesus Christ 福音书（《圣经》中记载耶稣生平的四福音书之一）
• St Mark's Gospel/the Gospel according to St Mark 《马可福音》
the gospel only singular
■the teachings of Jesus Christ 福音（指耶稣的教诲）
• to preach/spread the gospel 讲道／传播福音
UK ['gɒs.pəl] US ['gɑ:.spəl] noun
TRUTH 绝对真理
uncountable informal (also gospel truth)
■the complete truth （用于强调某事的真实性）绝对真实
• If Mary tells you something, you can take it as gospel. 玛丽告诉你的事，你可以绝对相信。
UK ['gɒs.pəl] US ['gɑ:.spəl] noun
MUSIC 音乐
uncountable (also gospel music)
■a style of religious music originally performed by black Americans （起源于美国黑人中的）福音音乐
UK ['gɒs.pəl] US ['gɑ:.spəl] noun
BELIEFS 信念
only singular literary
■a set of principles or ideas which someone believes in （个人的）信条，信念
• the gospel of hard work 勤奋工作的信条
n. 真理；信条
 - truth, doctrine, tenet, creed

Word: gruesome
Front: gruesome
[ˈgru:səm] (宝 11393/14357 -1)
Vocabulary: gruesome
(once / 2801 pages)
adj
Gothic novels, horror movies, and crime dramas don't shy away from showing gruesome scenes of death, pictures that inspire fright and repulsion. Synonyms include "ghastly," "grisly," "loathsome," and "macabre."
Once upon a time, English contained a variety of words related to gruesome. The verb grue meant "to shudder," just as its Middle Dutch source gruwen did. Grueful and grueing also conveyed the sense of shivering with horror and disgust. All of these variations have been lost leaving us only with gruesome. Texting while driving has caused many gruesome accidents that you might not want to hear the gruesome details of. Although if you like gruesome movies, you might want to know.
WORD FAMILY
gruesome: gruesomely, gruesomeness, gruesomest
USAGE EXAMPLES
Let’s begin with the gruesome train wreck that was the presidential election.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
His second film, Margaret, traces the effects on a young woman of a gruesome bus accident in which she was complicit.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
There is no doubt that cetacean necropsies are "gruesome", he says.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 可怕的; 令人毛骨悚然的; 可憎的; 阴森的
级别：gruesomer, gruesomest
分布：可怕的(64%)，令人毛骨悚然的(29%)，阴森的(7%)
→词源同grisly, 可怕的。-some, 形容词后缀，来自some.
【记】grue（vi 因害怕或寒冷发抖；战栗）g鬼，rue＝rule规则，some一些：有一天你回家发现，有4个鬼在你们家上夜班，制定打麻将的规则－毛骨悚然的
adjective
■extremely unpleasant and shocking, and usually dealing with death or injury （通常用来描述死亡或者伤害）令人厌恶的，恐怖的，可怕的
• The newspaper article included a gruesome description of the murder. 这篇报导中有一段对谋杀案血淋淋的描述。
adj. 可怕的；阴森的
 - terrible, horrible, awesome, fearful, dire

Word: lighten
Front: lighten
[ˈlaɪtn] (四六 8581/11353 -1)
Vocabulary: lighten
(once / 249 pages)
v
To lighten something is to make it brighter or shine a light on it. You can lighten your dark basement room with plenty of lamps and a coat of white paint.
Besides "make lighter or illuminate," another meaning of lighten is "make lighter in weight." So you can lighten your load by taking all the heavy books out of your backpack. Figuratively, "to lighten" is to be more cheerful or relaxed, as in: "She decided to lighten the somber mood in the room by telling a few of her funniest knock-knock jokes."
WORD FAMILY
lighten: enlighten, lightened, lightening, lightens+/ enlighten: enlightened, enlightening, enlightenment, enlightens/ enlightened: enlightenedest, enlightenedly, unenlightened/enlightening: enlighteningly, unenlightening/ enlightenment: enlightenments, unenlightenment/ light: light-colored, lighted, lighten, lighter, lightest, lighting, lightless, lightly, lightness, lights, lightsome /lighted: unlighted/lightening: lightenings/lighter: lighterage, lightered, lightering, lighters/lighting: lightings/lightless: lightlessness/lightness: lightnesses/ lightsome: lightsomely, lightsomeness, lightsomer, lightsomest
USAGE EXAMPLES
The morning of 22 April 2014 is beginning to lighten and he contemplates the wreckage of an unfinished season, a career rocked, a dream soured.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
But in the greenhouse, his mood lightens and he chats about his peppers, hanging red on the vine, and columns of kale.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Part of the issue is that markets are now driven by lightening quick, complex, computerized trading programs at the big banks and investment funds.
Reuters(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: vt. 使（某物）更明亮
vi. 点亮; 减轻
时态：lightened, lightening, lightens
分布：照亮(84%)，使变淡(8%)，闪电(8%)
→来自light,轻的。
US [-tˌən] verb
MAKE BRIGHT 使光明
intransitive
■to become less dark 变浅，变淡
• The sky had lightened and there were breaks in the clouds. 天空变亮了，云也渐渐散开了。
Opposite darken
UK ['laɪ.tən] US [-tˌən] verb
MAKE LESS HEAVY 减轻
lighten sb's burden/load, etc.
■to make a difficult situation or responsibility easier 减轻（某人的）负担／压力等
• Getting a new assistant will lighten (= reduce) the workload considerably. 配备一名新助手会极大地减轻工作压力。
UK ['laɪ.tən] US [-tˌən] verb
MAKE PALE 使变淡
transitive
■to make something lighter 使变淡，使变浅
• The sun always lightens my hair. 在阳光下，我的头发颜色总是显得浅些。
UK ['laɪ.tən] US [-tˌən] verb
MAKE LESS SERIOUS 减轻
intransitive or transitive
■to (cause to) become happier and less worried （使）心情好转，（使）高兴起来
• His mood lightened after the phone call. 他打完电话后情绪好了起来。
• He tried to lighten the atmosphere by telling a joke. 他想透过讲笑话来缓解一下气氛。
UK ['laɪ.tən] US [-tˌən] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] lighten sth up
■to make a speech or piece of writing less serious 使…轻松活泼，使…不那么严肃
• I thought I'd slip in a few jokes to lighten up the talk. 我本想在讲话中加几个笑话来调剂一下气氛。
UK ['laɪ.tən] US [-tˌən] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  lighten up informal
■to become more relaxed and less serious 放松，缓和
• Oh, lighten up! I was only joking! 哦，别紧张！我只是在开玩笑！
• I wish she'd lighten up a bit. 我希望她能放松一些。
vi. 减轻；发亮
 - lamp, to alleviate
vt. 使照亮；使轻松
 - rest

Word: guzzle
Front: guzzle
[ˈgʌzl] (宝 21455/33027)
Vocabulary: guzzle
(once / 13148 pages)
v
To guzzle is to gulp down a liquid very quickly. After running a marathon, you might be tempted to guzzle Gatorade, but it's important to sip slowly so you don't get sick.
If your brother somehow manages to drink an entire gallon of milk in two days, he guzzles it. And, if your big old car needs to be refueled several times a week, you can say it guzzles gas. Experts guess that the root of guzzle is the Old French word gosillier, which means "to go down the gullet," but also "to vomit."
WORD FAMILY
guzzle: guzzled, guzzles, guzzling+/guzzling: guzzlings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Or, kick back, stay home, guzzle some gravy and give thanks you’re not braving the elements or the roadways.
Seattle Times(Nov 22, 2016)
Steve Young, devout Mormon, finds it’s a lot easier to drink milk than guzzle it.
Seattle Times(Oct 25, 2016)
However, guzzle a few cups at breakfast and you can be downing 400 to 500 unwanted calories, including lots of sugar.
US News(Oct 17, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 狂吃暴饮，大吃大喝
时态：guzzled, guzzling, guzzles
分布：狂饮(78%)，大量消耗(22%)
→拟声词，模仿暴饮的声音。
【记】看成古天乐；参：guttle（v 狼吞虎咽）
informal
verb intransitive or transitive
■to eat or drink quickly, eagerly and usually in large amounts 滥吃；狂饮；狼吞虎咽
• I'm not surprised you feel sick after guzzling three ice-creams! 你一口气吃了三枝雪糕，你觉得不舒服我一点也不奇怪！
• You're bound to get indigestion if you guzzle like that! 你要是那样狼吞虎咽，一定会消化不良！
vt. 狂饮；暴食
 - get a bag on
vi. 狂饮；暴食；狼吞虎咽
 - get a bag on, gobble up
n. 狂饮；豪饮作乐
 - bowse

Word: opportunistic
Front: opportunistic
[ˌɒpətju:ˈnɪstɪk] (14897/21508 -1)
Vocabulary: opportunistic
(once / 13326 pages)
adj
To be opportunistic is to quickly take advantage of a situation, usually in a way that's just plain wrong.
You know how an opportunity is a chance to do something? When you're opportunistic, you take advantage of that chance, usually immediately. Most of the time, this word is not neutral: people described as opportunistic are also considered unethical, like a business taking advantage of employees or customers in an opportunistic way. If someone dropped their wallet and someone else found it and kept it, that would be opportunistic. Being opportunistic is shady and self-serving.
WORD FAMILY
opportunistic: opportunistically+/ inopportune: inopportunely, inopportuneness/ opportune: inopportune, opportunely, opportuneness, opportunity / opportunism: opportunist, opportunistic / opportunist: opportunists/ opportunity: opportunism, opportunities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Washington’s opportunistic defense led the nation in takeaways.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The machine died when one opportunistic participant tried to shred all his medical records.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
The Islamic State on Tuesday claimed responsibility for inspiring the unknown attacker — a claim as yet unproven and possibly just opportunistic.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 机会主义的，机会主义者的; 投机取巧的
分布：机会主义的(68%)，投机取巧的(27%)，对免疫系统差的人有害的(5%)
ADJ-GRADED
（某人的行为）机会主义的，投机取巧的
If you describe someone's behaviour as opportunistic, you are critical of them because they take advantage of situations in order to gain money or power, without thinking about whether their actions are right or wrong.
例：Many of the party's members joined only for opportunistic reasons.该党很多成员只是抱着投机取巧的心理才加入其中的。
adj. 机会主义的；投机取巧的
 - carpetbag

Word: personalise

Word: phoney
Front: phoney
[ˈfəʊni:] (35932/15243 -1)
Back: adj. 假的，伪造的，不诚恳的; 虚伪的，伪善的
n. 骗子; 假货; 膺品
分布：假的(27%)，伪造的(23%)，骗子(15%)，假货(13%)，伪善的(10%)，伪君子(8%)，=phony.(4%)
→可以改写自俚语词fawney,假金戒指，骗子使用的镀金戒指，来自爱尔兰语fainne,戒指。
US ['foʊ-]
adjective informal disapproving
■not sincere or not real 虚伪的；假冒的，伪造的
• All salespeople seem to have the same phoney smile. 所有推销员的微笑似乎都一样，假惺惺的。
• He gave the police a phoney address. 他给了员警一个假地址。
n. 骗子；假货
 - fraud, sharp
adj. 假的；伪造的（等于phony）
 - false, spurious

Word: prevalent
Front: prevalent
[ˈprevələnt] (研六托雅 6987/8828 -1)
Vocabulary: prevalent
(once / 1029 pages)
adj
Something prevalent is common in a particular place at a particular time. Prevalent things are hard to avoid. When you see the word prevalent, think "It's everywhere!"
Have you ever noticed how all of a sudden a new word, band, or hairstyle will become super-popular? You may never have seen those things before, and then suddenly they're prevalent. When something is common, it's prevalent. You could say drug use is prevalent among criminals. You could say good study habits are prevalent among good students. If a certain opinion is common, then that's a prevalent view in society.
WORD FAMILY
prevalent: prevalently+/ prevail: prevailed, prevailing, prevails, prevalence, prevalent / prevailing: prevailingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
One of his other legacies was helping to create a coffee cup lid that may now be as prevalent as the Solo cup.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Only a few worked in cobalt mines, but the poll results showed how problems are prevalent no matter the mineral.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
"Greektowns",etc. which were so prevalent in the first half of the twentieth century.
New York Times(Aug 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 流行的，盛行的; 普遍存在的，普遍发生的
分布：普遍的(57%)，流行的(43%)
→来自prevail,盛行，流行。
流行的,盛行的(来自动词prevail.pre+vail力量)[-ent 1.表示形容词"…的"2.表名词"…药剂"3.表名词"…人"]
a.流行的,普遍的That superstition was prevalent among them.那种迷信在他们之间广为流传.
【记】源于：prevail（v 流行；获胜）
【反】unusual（adj 不平常的；不寻常的）；absent（adj 缺席的；缺少的）
adjective
■existing very commonly or happening often 流行的，盛行的，普遍的
• These diseases are more prevalent among young children. 这些疾病在幼儿中更普遍。
• Trees are dying in areas where acid rain is most prevalent. 树木在酸雨非常严重的地区正面临枯死。
adj. 流行的；普遍的，广传的
 - popular, widespread, universal, fashionable, going

Word: purist
Front: purist
[ˈpjʊərɪst] (15728/15235)
Vocabulary: purist
(once / 7524 pages)
n
A purist is a person who insists on following certain rules exactly — to the letter. If you're a language purist, it upsets you to hear someone using bad grammar.
Most purists are fans of tradition and traditional rules, always sticking to those rules themselves and often instructing other people to do the same. To be a purist is to be a kind of perfectionist — a baking purist might feel that cookies made without a certain brand of chocolate chips are vastly inferior, for example. The noun purist originally referred specifically to language use, and it comes from the Latin purus, "clean, clear, or unmixed."
WORD FAMILY
purist: purists+/impure: impurely, impureness, impurer, impurest, impurity / impurity: impurities/ pure: impure, purely, pureness, purer, purest, purism, purity /purism: purisms, purist / purity: purities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Purists, however, are unlikely to enjoy the idea of penalty shootouts to decide drawn group-stage games.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Even though Huynh prides herself on recreating the fresh, fragrant, fishy flavors that she savored in central Vietnam, she’s no straitjacketed purist.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Konami’s International Superstar Soccer became the choice of the purist, thanks to its focus on fast-paced, tactical play.
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 语言纯正癖者; 纯化论者; 力求纯化的人
分布：纯粹主义者(62%)，纯化论者(38%)
→来自pure,纯的，-ist,人。比喻用法。
纯粹主义者(pur+ist)[Pur,purg=pure,表示"纯洁"]
US ['pjʊr.ɪst] noun countable
■someone who believes in and follows very traditional rules or ideas in a subject 正统主义者；力求纯正者；纯粹主义者
• Although purists may object to split infinitives, like 'to boldly go', the fact is, they are commonly used. 尽管讲究语言规范的人会反对分离不定词，比如 to boldly go，但事实是这种用法很普遍。
• Purists eat smoked salmon with nothing more than lemon and black pepper. 讲究口味纯正的人吃熏鲑鱼时除了柠檬和黑胡椒甚么也不加。

Word: unscathed
Front: unscathed
[ʌnˈskeɪðd] (宝 15451/13912 -1)
Vocabulary: unscathed
(once / 4148 pages)
adj
If you walked away from a nasty bike accident without a scratch, you walked away unscathed, meaning you came out unharmed.
You can also come through a scandal unscathed, with your reputation untarnished, or your dog-walking business may emerge from the financial crisis unscathed and more profitable than ever. With the word unscathed, there's always a sense of something bad that might have happened but didn't.
WORD FAMILY
scathe: scathes, scathing, unscathed +/ scathing: scathingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
“For them,” Mr. Barak said, “Netanyahu emerges from this unscathed, as the lone wolf in a lion’s den of hatred.”
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Blake Griffin missed the Clippers’ win over the Pelicans on Saturday with knee soreness, and did not leave the game unscathed Monday.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 13, 2016)
That area, in additional to essentially all of downtown Gatlinburg, emerged unscathed from the fires, which damaged or destroyed more than 2,400 buildings.
Seattle Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: adj. 未受损伤的; 未受伤害的
分布：没有受伤的(75%)，未受损害(25%)
→un-, 不，非，scathe, 伤害，词源同scar.
【记】un不，scathe（v 损伤），d：未受损伤的
adjective [after verb]
■without injuries or damage being caused 未受伤的，无恙的
• Her husband died in the accident but she, amazingly, escaped unscathed. 她丈夫在那次事故中丧命，但她竟奇迹地毫发未损。
adj. 未受伤的
 - unwounded

Word: selfish
Front: selfish
[ˈselfɪʃ] (高研四六托 7386/6992 -2)
Vocabulary: selfish
(once / 186 pages)
adj
Someone who is selfish cares only about themselves and doesn't consider others. If a ship is sinking and you refuse to let anyone else into your 4-person lifeboat, you're extremely selfish.
Selfish combines the pronoun self-, meaning to or for yourself, with the suffix-ish, for "having the character of." So if your actions are selfish, they all have to do with getting something for yourself, like attention, or candy, or power. Selfish is usually meant to be an insult; someone selfish goes beyond just taking care of themselves, and actively takes from others. The opposite of selfish is self-sacrificing, which means, "giving everything to others and sacrificing your own needs."
WORD FAMILY
selfish: selfisher, selfishest, selfishly, selfishness, unselfish+/self: self-colored, selfish, selfless, selfs, selves/selfishness: selfishnesses/ selfless: selflessly, selflessness/unselfish: unselfisher, unselfishly, unselfishness/unselfishness: unselfishnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Reinecke received an 18-month suspended sentence from a federal judge, who called him a victim of his own “selfish ambition.”
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
In handing down the sentence, the federal judge called Reinecke “a victim of your own selfish ambition.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 25, 2016)
It was an acrimonious separation, with Patty later describing him as "a selfish child who never grew up".
BBC(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: adj. 自私的，利己的
分布：自私的(96%)，利己的(4%)
→self,自己的，自身的，-ish,形容词后缀。引申词义自私的。
adj.自私的,利己的The selfish man put himself on the shelf.那个自私的人把自己束之高阁.
adjective
 IMPROVER disapproving
■Someone who is selfish only thinks of their own advantage 自私的
• The judge told him: "Your attitude shows a selfish disregard for others." 法官告诉他：“你的态度表明你只顾自己而不顾他人。”
adj. 自私的；利己主义的
 - hardfisted, asocial

Word: analogue
Front: analogue
[ˈænəlɒg] (研六 19447/13033 -1)
Vocabulary: analogue
(once / 9373 pages)
1n 2adj
Think of analogue as referring to something parallel or comparable to something else. For example, a lobster's claw might be considered an analogue to the human hand, as both have similar functions of grabbing and holding. Keep your claws to yourself!
The word analogue (also spelled analog) comes from the Greek ana, meaning "up to," and logos, meaning, among other things, "ratio" and "proportion." In 1946, it entered computer language as an adjective to describe a type of signal that is continuous in amplitude. It has since been largely replaced by a digital signal. Analogues are often used in college entrance exams, i.e., "a is to b as c is to d."
WORD FAMILY
analogue: analogues
USAGE EXAMPLES
Judging from my reader mail, tens of thousands must be avoiding high-tech interfaces in favor of the analogue controls, perhaps by buying lower-trim models.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Men’s soccer in Canada, however, is not the direct analogue of hockey, basketball, and baseball.
The Guardian(Dec 08, 2016)
He is casting global capitalism as an inextricably racial enterprise, one built specifically on racial slavery and its analogues around the world.
Slate(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 相似物; 相似的情况，对应的人; <语>同源词
adj. 模拟计算机的; 类似的，相似物的
分布：类似物(100%)
n.类似物;相似体;模拟Munich was the nearest analogue to what was happening then.当时事态用慕尼黑事件来做比拟最为恰当.
【记】源于：analogy（n 类似）ana并列，log说话－并起来说－相似，类比
US [-lɑ:g] adjective
SOUND 声音
■describes a recording which is made by changing the sound waves into electrical signals of the same type 模拟录音的 Compare digital
(US also analog) UK ['æn.ə.lɒg] US [-lɑ:g] adjective
WATCH 表
analogue clock/watch
■a clock/watch which has hands (= narrow pointers) that show what time it is 指针式时钟／手表 Compare digital
(US also analog) UK ['æn.ə.lɒg] US [-lɑ:g] noun countable formal
■something which is similar to or can be used instead of something else 相似物，类似物；对等物；代用物
• He has been studying the European analogues of the British Parliament. 他一直在研究相当于英国国会的欧洲政治机构。
n. 类似物；类似情况；对等的人
 - similar
adj. 类似的；相似物的；模拟计算机的
 - parallel, akin

Word: wriggle
Front: wriggle
[ˈrɪgl] (13729/8986 -1)
Back: vi. 扭动，蠕动，蜿蜒行进; 摆脱，用计逃脱
vt. （使身体某一部位）扭动; 耍滑不做，逃避（应做的事等）
n. 蠕动，扭动
时态：wriggled, wriggling, wriggles
分布：扭动(42%)，蠕动(36%)，设法摆脱(10%)，蜿蜒(6%)，蜿蜒前进(6%)
→来自wer,弯，转，扭动，词源同wring,worm.
verb
intransitive or transitive
■to twist your body, or move part of your body, with small, quick movements 扭动；蠕动
• A large worm wriggled in the freshly dug earth. 一条大虫子在新翻过的地里蠕动。
• Baby Martha was wriggling her toes in the sand. 婴儿玛莎正在沙子中扭动着脚趾。
intransitive + adverb or preposition
■to move somewhere using short, quick twisting movements 蜿蜒前行；扭动爬行
• The tunnel was low and dark, but she managed to wriggle through to the other side. 地道又低又暗，但她还是设法爬到了另一端。
• After twisting and turning for a while, he managed to wriggle free. 一阵扭动之后，他设法挣脱了出来。
['rɪg.l] verb
wriggle off the hook informal
■If someone wriggles off the hook, they avoid a responsibility or avoid doing something. 逃避责任；逃避做…
['rɪg.l] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  wriggle out of sth informal
■to avoid doing something that you do not want to do 逃脱，避开
• He promised he'd help me decorate, but now he's trying to wriggle out of it. 他答应过会帮我装饰，但现在又想躲开。
['rɪg.l] noun countable usually singular
■an act of wriggling 扭动；蠕动
• With a wriggle, she managed to crawl through the gap. 她身子一扭，设法爬过了缝隙。
vi. 蠕动；蜿蜒而行
 - squirm
vt. 使蠕动；蠕动到；不知不觉地潜入
 - worm
n. 蠕动；扭动
 - peristalsis, crawing

Word: annex
Front: annex
[əˈneks] (托 14676/11957 -1)
Vocabulary: annex
(once / 642 pages)
vn
An annex is an extension of or an addition to a building. A small room off of a main room is an annex, and attics are another type of annex.
As a noun, an annex is part of a building or an addition to a main structure, or it can be an attachment, as in "an annex to the current plans." When used as a verb, the word means something a little different. Sometimes annex is used as a nice word for "take" or "grab," as when Nazi Germany took the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia in 1938 and added it to their own territory. In order to annex something to what is yours, you have to take it away from someone else.
WORD FAMILY
annex: annexation, annexed, annexes, annexing+/ annexation: annexational, annexations
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was considered instrumental in Russian manoeuvres to annex Crimea in 2014 and subsequent interference in eastern Ukraine.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Israel annexed East Jerusalem in 1980, in a move not recognised internationally.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Russia also used disinformation to destabilize the Ukrainian government as Russia annexed Crimea.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 附加，追加; 吞并（国家、地区等），兼并; 获得，得到
n. 附录; 附属物（品），附件; 附属建筑
时态：annexed, annexing, annexes
分布：附件(79%)，附加(8%)，并吞(4%)，获得(4%)，附属物(3%)，附属建筑物(2%)
→前缀an-同ad-, 去，往，在n开头词根前同化为an-. -nex, 同词根nect, 联结，见connect.
附加n.附件(an增加+nex→加上连结→附加)[Nect,nex=bind,表示"连结"]
verb transitive
■to take possession of an area of land or a country, usually by force or without permission （通常指用武力或擅自）吞并，兼并，强占
• Britain annexed this small island west of Scotland in 1955. 英国于1955年将这个位于苏格兰以西的小岛并入其领土。
vt. 附加；获得；并吞
 - acquire, earn, buy, find, make
n. 附加物；附属建筑物
 - affixture, appendage

Word: clearance
Front: clearance
[ˈklɪərəns] (雅 8962/5606 -1)
Back: n. 清洁，清扫; [建]净空; 空隙，间隙; 放行证
分布：间隙(45%)，清除(27%)，通关(10%)，清理(8%)，结关(5%)，许可证(4%)，清仓甩卖(1%)
→来自clear,清楚的，解决了的。
清算;清除(clear+ance表名词)[clear,clar,clair=clear,bright,表示"清楚,明白"]
US ['klɪr.ənts] noun
REMOVE 清除
[S or U]
■when waste or things you do not want are removed from a place （对废物或不要的东西的）清除，清理，清扫，排除
• house/slum clearance 拆除房屋／贫民窟
UK ['klɪə.rənts] US ['klɪr.ənts] noun
CHEAP SALE 清仓减价
uncountable
■when goods are offered for sale cheaply so that people will be encouraged to buy them and there will be space for new goods （货物的）清仓减价，清仓甩卖
• We bought our new carpet at a clearance sale. 我们的新地毯是在清仓大减价的时候买的。
UK ['klɪə.rənts] US ['klɪr.ənts] noun
NOT TOUCHING 间距
countable or uncountable
■the distance or space that is needed for one thing to avoid touching another thing 间距；间隙
• It was difficult getting the piano through the doorway because we only had a clearance of a few centimetres. 把钢琴搬过这道门很难，因为只有几厘米的余隙。
• High vehicles must take an alternative route because of low clearance under the bridge. 高大的车辆必须改走其他道路，因为桥下的净空较低。
UK ['klɪə.rənts] US ['klɪr.ənts] noun
OFFICIAL PERMISSION 正式的批准
uncountable
■when you have official permission for something or have satisfied the official conditions of something 批准，许可，准许
• The plane will be taking off as soon as it gets clearance. 飞机一得到许可就会起飞。
• To visit the prison, you'll need security clearance. 参观监狱需要通过安全审查。
UK ['klɪə.rənts] US ['klɪr.ənts] noun
CHEQUE 支票
uncountable
■the process of a cheque going from one bank to another through a central organization, so that money can be paid to the person it is owed to （支票）过户，兑现，结算
• Clearance (of a cheque) can take up to a week. （支票）过户要一个星期。
n. 清除；空隙
 - removel, liquidation

Word: astonishing
Front: astonishing
[əˈstɒnɪʃɪŋ] (托 6500/5994 -2)
Vocabulary: astonishing
(once / 454 pages)
adj
Something astonishing is astounding, staggering, stupefying, amazing, or incredible. It's not something you see every day.
This is a pretty strong word. A dog shaking hands is not astonishing, but a dog calling 911 for its owner definitely is. Astonishing things are amazing; they blow your mind. When people first walked on the moon, that was astonishing. Miracles are astonishing. If you say, "Holy cow! I can't believe what I'm seeing," you're probably seeing something astonishing.
WORD FAMILY
astonishing: astonishingly +/ astonish: astonished, astonishes, astonishing, astonishment / astonished: astonishedly/ astonishment: astonishments
USAGE EXAMPLES
The sheer range of musical expression is astonishing: pastoral reveries, woodland scenes, romantic arias, heroic dramas, historical legends and visions of spiritual strife.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
“China is moving from being the main problem to the main solution,” he said, calling Friday’s announcement, “the most astonishing and wonderful piece of news.”
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Adams’ became an astonishing success after “Watership Down” was published.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 使人吃惊的，惊人的
v. 使…诧异(astonish的ing形式)
分布：惊人的(99%)，动词astonish的现在分词.(1%)
US [-'stɑ:.nɪ-] adjective
 IMPROVER
■very surprising 令人惊讶的；惊人的
• Her first novel enjoyed an astonishing success. 她的第一部小说取得了惊人的成功。
• [+ to infinitive] It's astonishing to think that only a few years ago Communism dominated eastern Europe. 仅仅在几年前，东欧还在共产主义统治之下，这让人想起来都觉得难以置信。
adj. 惊人的；令人惊讶的
 - tremendous, surprise, incredible, spectacular, striking

Word: downwards
Front: downwards
[ˈdaʊnwədz] (25950/6850 -K2)
Back: adv. 向下，往下; （年代等）以来，以后; 日趋没落
分布：向下(98%)，=downward.(2%)
US [-wɚdz/ (US also downward)
adverb
 IMPROVER
■towards a lower position 向下，朝下
• The road slopes gently downwards for a mile or two. 这条路缓缓向下延伸了一两英里。
• The water filters downwards through the rock for hundreds of feet. 水透过数百英尺的岩石向下渗透。
• He was lying face downwards on the pavement. 他俯卧在人行道上。
• Casualty figures were revised downwards (= reduced) after the war had ended. 战争结束后伤亡人数被改少了。
Compare upwards
adv. 向下，往下
 - alow, netherward

Word: maid
Front: maid
[meɪd] (高研四六雅 6044/5166 -2)
Vocabulary: maid
(once / 121 pages)
1n 2n
A maid is a household worker who cleans and performs various other tasks. Today, only very wealthy people have maids — it's much more common to hire an occasional housekeeper or cleaner instead.
In the US, it's uncommon to find a household with an actual maid, a servant who lives in the home and tidies it up, also doing jobs like ironing, grocery shopping, and cooking. In the old days, wealthy families employed maids who wore uniforms and sometimes waited on one individual woman, helping her dress herself and cleaning up after her. Maid, short for maiden, originally meant "unmarried woman."
WORD FAMILY
maid: maidhood, maids
USAGE EXAMPLES
He hired the Scottish émigré Williamina Fleming, a former teacher, as a maid after her husband abandoned her in a “delicate condition.”
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
With no increase in the federal minimum wage — it’s been the same since 2009 — the eight maids received the same basic compensation as last year.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
As the humble maid Aibileen Clark during the civil rights movement of the 1960s, Davis wows with emotional depth and nuance.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 女仆，侍女; 少女; 处女，未婚女子
分布：侍女(100%)
→缩写自maiden.
n.少女,处女,女仆A maid in a white apron opened the door for me.一个身着白围裙的女佣帮我开了门.
noun countable
SERVANT 仆人
■a woman who works as a servant in a hotel or in someone's home （饭店的）女服务员；（家中的）女佣，女仆，侍女
• In the beach resort, the apartments and villas have daily maid service. 海滩渡假胜地的公寓和别墅里每天都有女佣打扫。
• In California many illegal immigrants work as maids, nannies and gardeners. 在加利福尼亚州，许多非法移民当女佣、保姆和园丁。
[meɪd] noun countable
GIRL 女孩 old use
■a girl or young woman who is not married, or has not had sex 女孩，少女，（未婚的）年轻女子
girl, daughter, maid, maiden
这组词都有“姑娘，女孩子”的意思，其区别是：
girl: 指7岁到12岁左右的女孩，与boy相对，广义指未婚的女孩。
daughter: 指女子对父母而言的概称，不涉及年龄的大小。
maid: 指闺女，女佣人。
maiden: 指少女，处女或未婚女子。
n. 女仆；少女
 - servant girl, jill
vt. 侍候；做新娘的女傧相
 - wait upon, attend on

Word: err
Front: err
[ɜ:(r)] (托宝 13165/13980 -1)
Vocabulary: err
(once / 91 pages)
v
When you err, you make a mistake or do something wrong. When a newspaper reporter errs in a printed story, the paper often prints a correction the next day.
By itself, err, which shares a Latin root with error, is a formal way to say "mess up." The proverb "To err is human, to forgive divine" is an old-fashioned version of "Hey, everyone makes mistakes. Why don't you be the bigger person and let it go?" Err can also mean to go in a certain direction, as in another common saying, "Err on the side of caution," or "Play it safe."
WORD FAMILY
err: errant, erred, erring, error, errs, inerrable+/errancy: errancies/ errant: errancy, errantest, errantly, inerrant/erring: erringly, unerring/ error: errorless, errors/inerrable: inerrably/inerrant: inerrancy, inerrantly/unerring: unerringly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Oakland Council Chairman Michael Perkins says the board is simply “erring on the side of caution” for the community until that happens.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The Georgia Supreme Court tossed an earlier murder conviction, saying the trial court erred by allowing the jury to hear about the trooper’s 1983 slaying.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Equally unsettling — and horrifying — would be the possibility that officials erred in their prosecution and that innocent people were wrongly sent to jail.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: vi. 犯错，做错; 走上歧途; 犯罪
时态：erred, erring, errs
分布：犯错(84%)，做错(16%)
→来自ers, 漫游，偏离，引申义错误，词源同error.
犯错[err=wander,mistake,表示"漫游,犯错误"]
【记】err作为词根：徘徊；错误
UK [eər] US [ɝ:] UK [er] formal
verb intransitive
■to make a mistake or to do something wrong 犯错误；做错事；出差错
• He erred in agreeing to her appointment. 他错在同意了对她的任命。
UK [ɜ:r] UK [eər] US [ɝ:] UK [er] formal
verb intransitive
err on the side of caution
■to be especially careful rather than taking a risk or making a mistake 宁愿过于谨慎也不要冒险犯错
• Twenty-five people have replied to the invitation, but I've erred on the side of caution and put out 30 chairs. 25人回覆了邀请函，但为谨慎起见我准备了30把椅子。
UK [ɜ:r] UK [eər] US [ɝ:] UK [er] formal
verb intransitive
To err is human (to forgive divine). saying
■something that you say which means that it is natural for people to make mistakes and it is important to forgive people when they do 人皆犯错（宽恕是德）；凡人多舛误（唯神能见宥）； 人非圣贤，孰能无过
vi. 犯错；做错；犯罪；走上歧途
 - sin, slip

Word: lace
Front: lace
[leɪs] (研四六托雅宝 6642/4847 -2)
Vocabulary: lace
(once / 253 pages)
1nv 2nv 3v
Your grandmother's kitchen curtains might be made from lace, a delicate fabric with twists and loops forming patterns of holes.
Lace is often used for fancy dresses, special doilies and tablecloths, and decorative accents. You can also use the noun lace to describe the cord your tie your sneakers with, and the verb lace can mean twist or braid or intertwine: "The two friends lace their arms around each other and skip across the playground." Lace is surprisingly related to lasso, a loop of rope carried by a cowboy — both words are rooted in the Latin laqueus, "noose or snare."
WORD FAMILY
lace: enlace, interlace, laced, lacelike, lacer, laces, lacing, lacy, relace, unlace+/enlace: enlaced, enlaces, enlacing/ interlace: interlaced, interlaces, interlacing/laced: lacedly/lacer: lacers/lacing: lacings/lacy: lacier, laciest, lacily/relace: relaced, relaces, relacing/unlace: unlaced, unlaces, unlacing
USAGE EXAMPLES
And then, over time, it will become automatic to lace up your jogging shoes each morning.
New York Times(Oct 18, 2016)
The manuscript’s odyssey — from its creation in Mexico to its recent arrival in Manhattan — is a tale laced with intrigue.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Whether laced with small joys or defeats, it’s all a good life.”
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 蕾丝; 透孔织品; 鞋带; 系带
vt. 给（书、讲话等）润色; 给（饮料等）掺（少量的酒、药、毒药等）; 给（鞋、靴等）穿鞋带; 使编织（或交织、缠绕）在一起
vi. 以系带系紧
时态：laced, lacing, laces
分布：花边(75%)，鞋带(10%)，饰带(6%)，缎带(3%)，系带子(3%)，饰以花边(2%)，把酒搀入(1%)
→来自拉丁语lacere,引诱，诱惑，词源同delicious,elicit.引申词义罗网，陷阱，后指编织罗网的绳索，带子，后用于指蕾丝，花边等。
n.花边;带子,鞋带v.系带,扎带The lace placed in the palace is replaced first, and displaced later.放在皇宫的带子先被替换,后来被转移.
【记】读：蕾丝（花边）
noun
MATERIAL 材料
uncountable
■a decorative cloth which is made by weaving thin thread in delicate patterns with holes in them 网眼织物；花边，蕾丝
• lace curtains 蕾丝窗帘
[leɪs] noun
STRING 绳
countable usually plural
■a string which you use to fasten openings, especially in shoes, by putting it through two lines of small holes and tying the ends together 鞋带
• Your shoe laces are undone. 你的鞋带没有系好。
[leɪs] verb transitive
ADD ALCOHOL 加酒精
■to add alcohol or drugs to food or drink, often secretly （常指偷偷地）在（食物或饮料）中掺（酒、药等）
• coffee laced with brandy 加了白兰地的咖啡
[leɪs] verb transitive
STRING 绳
■to put the lace of a shoe or boot through its holes, or to fasten a shoe or boot by tying a lace 给…穿鞋带，系（鞋或靴子）的鞋带
[leɪs] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] lace sth up
■to fasten shoes, boots or a piece of clothing by tying the laces 系好…的鞋带；系好…的系带
• She can lace up her shoes and she's only five! 她才五岁就能自己系鞋带！
• lace-up shoes 系带鞋
n. [纺] 花边；鞋带；饰带；少量烈酒
 - tie, gymp

Word: mediation
Front: mediation
[ˌmi:dɪ'eɪʃn] (8318/12941)
Vocabulary: mediation
(once / 2109 pages)
n
When too sides disagree, it's time for mediation — a process where someone uninvolved helps settle a dispute.
You often hear about mediation in the world of labor unions. If the employer and the union can't agree, they might go to mediation — they'll let some impartial third party settle the issue. The goal of mediation is to reach an agreement or a settlement. The U.S. often tries to provide mediation between countries that have problems, like India and Pakistan. Mediation is sometimes like negotiation. Both sides will be expected to compromise, or they'll never be able to move forward.
WORD FAMILY
mediation: mediations+/ intermediate: intermediated, intermediately, intermediates, intermediating, intermediation, intermediator/intermediation: intermediations/intermediator: intermediators/ mediate: intermediate, mediacy, mediated, mediately, mediateness, mediates, mediating, mediation, mediator, mediatory/ mediated: unmediated/ mediator: mediators/mediatory: mediatorily
USAGE EXAMPLES
There was pushback and mediation following the displays of protest.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Interior Department and a nonviolence institute joined in the mediation talks.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
This October, the two sides agreed to mediation to try to end their dispute.
Reuters(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 调停，调解，斡旋
分布：调解(72%)，仲裁(15%)，调停(13%)
调解,仲裁(mediate+ion)[med=middle,表示"中间"]
VERB
调解;调停;斡旋
If someone mediates between two groups of people, or mediates an agreement between them, they try to settle an argument between them by talking to both groups and trying to find things that they can both agree to.
例：My mom was the one who mediated between Zelda and her mom...我妈妈充当了泽尔达和她妈妈之间的调解人。
例：United Nations officials have mediated a series of peace meetings between the two sides...联合国官员已经促成了双方的一系列和平会谈。
VERB
调节;影响
If something mediates a particular process or event, it allows that process or event to happen and influences the way in which it happens.
例：...the thymus, the organ which mediates the response of the white blood cells...胸腺——调节白血球的反应的器官
例：People's responses to us have been mediated by their past experience of life.人们对我们作出的反应受到了他们过去生活经历的影响。
n. 调解；仲裁；调停
 - intervention, arbitration

Word: omission
Front: omission
[əˈmɪʃn] (10525/6127 -1)
Vocabulary: omission
(once / 1071 pages)
n
If you make an omission, you leave something out. If you are a restaurant reviewer and you give a glowing review to a new restaurant but fail to mention that you own half of it, that's a significant omission.
The noun omission comes from the verb, omit, which means to leave out. Omissions can be purposeful or a result of neglect. Was the omission of Aunt Suzy from your wedding invitation something you meant to do, or an accident? If you're cleaning the house but don't take out the garbage, you'll regret your omission when the garbage is stinking up the kitchen.
WORD FAMILY
omission: omissions+/ omit: omissible, omission, omissive, omiting, omits, omitted, omitting
USAGE EXAMPLES
He said the omission was part of a campaign by Mr Macri's government to "place a priority on bilateral trade" over the sovereignty claim.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Opportunities to lie by omission, Rogers says, actually "don't arise all that often."
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Scholars of fascism and the racist right told AlterNet such omission is dangerous in the era of Trump, with implications far beyond Ciccariello-Maher.
Salon(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 省略，删节; 遗漏; 疏忽; [法]不履行法律责任
分布：遗漏(43%)，省略(31%)，疏忽(22%)，删除(4%)
→来自omit的名词形式。
省略(o出＋miss+ion→放出去→省略)[Miss,mit=send,cast,表示"送,放出"]
【记】源于：miss错过，一种无意识的省略源于：omit（v 省略；疏忽）
US [oʊ-] noun countable or uncountable
■when something has not been included that should have been 疏忽，遗漏，疏漏
• Measures to control child employment are a glaring (= very obvious) omission from new legislation to protect children. 新的儿童保护法规显然没有提及遏制雇用童工的措施。
• There are some serious errors and omissions in the book. 这本书里有几处严重的的错误和疏漏。
• Many of the fans believe that the omission of Heacock from the team cost England the match. 许多球迷认为球队不用希科克，令英格兰队输掉了这场比赛。
n. 疏忽，遗漏；省略；冗长
 - negligence, oversight

Word: misconduct
Front: misconduct
[ˌmɪsˈkɒndʌkt] (8926/12281 -1)
Vocabulary: misconduct
(once / 2101 pages)
nv
Misconduct is any kind of bad, unethical, or illegal activity. When there's misconduct, someone is doing something wrong.
Since conduct is behavior, misconduct is behavior that's not quite right: some kind of shady or criminal conduct. If an accountant cooked the books — lied about finances — that's misconduct. A police officer taking a bribe is guilty of misconduct. Often, misconduct specifically refers to someone who does improper things on behalf of someone else, like the misconduct of a dishonest lawyer.
WORD FAMILY
misconduct: misconducted, misconducting, misconducts+/ conduct: conducted, conducting, conduction, conductive, conductor, conducts, misconduct /conducting: non-conducting, nonconducting, semiconducting/ conduction: conductions/conductive: conductively, conductivity, nonconductive, semiconductive/conductivity: conductivities, superconductivity/ conductor: conductors, nonconductor, semiconductor/nonconductor: nonconductors/semiconductor: semiconductors
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr Tsang pleaded not guilty to three charges of bribery and misconduct, relating to a luxury flat in China.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
DeAngelo was assessed a game misconduct for abuse of officials.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Last year, the precinct drew the second-highest number of civilian complaints for officer misconduct in the city, and the most lawsuits stemming from police actions.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 行为不正，不规矩; 处理不当; （尤指官吏等的）胡作非为，渎职
v. 处理…失当; 不规矩
时态：misconducted, misconducting, misconducts
分布：管理或处理不善(100%)
→mis-,坏的，错的，不好的，conduct,行为，举止。
US [-ˈkɑːn-]
BEHAVIOUR 行为
■unacceptable or bad behaviour by someone in a position of authority or responsibility 不当行为；失职；滥用职权
• The psychiatrist was found guilty of gross (= unacceptable) professional misconduct. 这个精神病医生被裁定为严重失职。
• The former priest denied allegations of sexual misconduct. 这位前牧师否认有不正当性行为的指控。
noun uncountable UK [ˌmɪsˈkɒn.dʌkt] US [-ˈkɑːn-]
BAD MANAGEMENT 管理不善
■when the activities of an organisation are badly managed 管理不善
• financial misconduct 财务管理不善
verb transitive /ˌmɪs.kənˈdʌkt/
■to manage the activities of an organization badly 对…管理不善，对…处理不当
• The aid programme was misconducted, resulting in large quantities of food failing to reach the famine victims. 援助计划管理不善，导致大量食物未能送达饥民。
n. 不端行为；处理不当
 - improper handling

Word: stampede
Front: stampede
[stæmˈpi:d] (17310/21887 -1)
Vocabulary: stampede
(once / 1861 pages)
nv
Do you see hundreds of cattle thundering toward you? Then stop reading and get out of there! A stampede is coming.
Stampede is a word for animal behavior that fits people sometimes too. During the holidays, desperate parents might stampede the mall, especially the toy stores. Fans of a popular movie might stampede to get tickets. A stampede of teen girls can usually be found chasing the latest boy bands. Stampede can be a noun or a verb, but either way, look out!
WORD FAMILY
stampede: stampeded, stampedes, stampeding
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Somebody yelled ‘gun!’ and youths stampeded through the mall,” Deputy Chief Terry Landrum told The Commercial Appeal.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
PRO Rugby’s first season was contested by five teams and won by the Denver Stampede.
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
It was, he said, “like watching a stampede of zebras.”
The New Yorker(Aug 15, 2016)
Back: n. 惊逃; 人群的蜂拥; 军队溃败
vt. 使（动物）惊逃; 使（人群）涌向
vi. 逃窜; 涌向
时态：stampeded, stampeding, stampedes
分布：蜂拥(55%)，惊逃(17%)，冲动行事(16%)，惊跑(12%)
→来自西班牙语 estampida,奔跑，奔逃，词源同 stamp,猛踩，跺脚，-ida,名词后缀。引申诸相 关词义。
noun countable
■when many large animals or many people suddenly all move quickly and in an uncontrolled way, usually in the same direction at the same time, especially because of fear （尤指兽群或人群因恐惧引发的）狂奔；奔逃，蜂拥
• Two shoppers were injured in the stampede as shop doors opened on the first day of the sale. 大特价的第一天商店开门时，人们蜂拥而入，导致两名顾客受伤。
[stæm'pi:d] verb intransitive or transitive
■when animals or people stampede, they all move quickly in the same direction, often because they are frightened 惊逃；逃窜（人或动物向同一个方面快速移动，常常是受惊吓所致）
• A loud clap of thunder made the herd stampede. 一声响雷使牛群受惊狂奔起来。
• figurative No amount of pressure will stampede (= force) this committee into making hasty decisions. 再大的压力也无法迫使该委员会草率作出决定。

Word: simultaneous
Front: simultaneous
[ˌsɪmlˈteɪniəs] (研六托雅宝 8695/7876 -2)
Vocabulary: simultaneous
(once / 435 pages)
adj
The adjective simultaneous describes something that is done at the same time as something else. "The teachers all assigned simultaneous projects to the students that week. The kids were grumbling and sleep-deprived due to the grind."
The Latin root of simultaneous is simul, which also means "at the same time." One way to remember this word is to think of simulcast programs that are simultaneously available through different television networks, radio stations or Web sites — so you can catch that concert on TV while your friend is listening to it on his car radio.
WORD FAMILY
simultaneous: simultaneity, simultaneously, simultaneousness+/simultaneity: simultaneities
USAGE EXAMPLES
“That’s the shape that people are talking about. Maximum coordination. Maximum simultaneous activity.”
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Each narrative is a contrast to the others, with the simultaneous lives of Archibald explored chapter by chapter.
BBC(Dec 25, 2016)
They asked a group of human resources professionals to engage in the type of simultaneous planning they did habitually.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2012)
Back: adj. 同时发生的，同时存在的; 同时的; 联立的
n. 同时译员
分布：同时发生的(63%)，同步的(37%)
→来自拉丁语 simul,同一时间，词源同 same,simulate,-taneous,形容词后缀，衍生自 spontaneous. 引申词义同时的，同步的。
同时发生的(simult+相同+aneous→[时间]相同的)[simil,simul,sembl=alike,same表示"相类似,一样"]
同时发生的[-aneous表形容词"…有;...特征的"]
a.同时的,同时存在的The nitrogen atoms combine instantaneously, simultaneously and spontaneously.氮原子瞬间同时自动化合.
【记】simult与此同时
US [ˌsaɪ.məl-] adjective
 ADVANCED
■happening or being done at exactly the same time 同时的
• There were several simultaneous explosions in different cities. 几起爆炸同时在不同的城市发生。
adj. 同时的；联立的；同时发生的
 - synchronous, coinstantaneous

Word: rickety
Front: rickety
[ˈrɪkəti] (宝 14346/20514)
Vocabulary: rickety
(once / 2686 pages)
adj
Something rickety — like an old shack — is shaky and likely to fall down because it's fragile.
Some buildings are sturdy, solid, and strong. Others are rickety: rickety things might blow over from a slight breeze. Rickety things are poorly designed or have just become rickety because of aging. Rickety things tend to shake, which is a sign they might fall apart any second. If you put a heavy load in a rickety cart, you might lost your load!
WORD FAMILY
rickety: ricketiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Rickety boats ferry small groups of migrants to Curacao, Bonaire and other Caribbean islands a short distance from Venezuela’s north coast.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
They raised their kids in a hollow nearby in a rickety house with no heat.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
They raised their kids in a hollow nearby in a rickety two-bedroom house with no heat.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 连接处不牢固的，快要散架的
分布：患软骨病的(100%)
→来自 rickets,佝偻病，-y,形容词后缀。比喻用法。
【记】ric＝mic麦克风，kety＝kitty猫：小kitty拿着大mic－摇摇欲坠的
US [-ə.tˌi] adjective
■in bad condition and therefore weak and likely to break 快要散架的；摇摇晃晃的；不结实的
• Careful! That chair's a bit rickety. 小心！那把椅子不结实。
• She slowly climbed the rickety wooden steps. 她慢慢爬上摇摇欲坠的的木楼梯。
• figurative The recession put a lot of strain on an already rickety economic system. 经济衰退期使本来就摇摇欲坠的经济体系雪上加霜。
adj. 摇晃的；虚弱的；患佝偻病的
 - weak, shaky

Word: suspiciously
Front: suspiciously
[səˈspɪʃəsli] (12041/10070 -1)
Back: adv. 猜疑地，怀疑的; 疑心很深地; 引起怀疑地; 心怀鬼胎地，满腹狐疑地
分布：猜疑地(75%)，可疑地(25%)
adverb
DOUBT 怀疑的
 ADVANCED
■in a way that makes you think that something is wrong 猜疑地；怀疑地
• He looked at her suspiciously. 他满腹狐疑地看着她。
• The children are suspiciously quiet (= are so quiet that they are probably doing something wrong). 孩子们安静得让人起疑。
• His hair is suspiciously black (= looks darker than it should be, and is therefore probably not natural) for a man of his age. 以他这个年纪的人来说，他的头发黑得有些不太自然。
[sə'spɪʃ.ə.sli] adverb
SEEM GUILTY 可疑的
■in a way that makes you think someone is guilty of something wrong or illegal 可疑地；令人怀疑地
• The officers noticed two men acting suspiciously (= as if they were doing something wrong) in a car. 警官们注意到车里有两个人形迹可疑。
[sə'spɪʃ.ə.sli] adverb
SEEM LIKELY 看似
■in a way that makes you think something may be true 疑似地；看似地
• She brushed away what looked suspiciously like (= looked as if it probably was) a tear. 她擦去的好像是一滴眼泪。
adv. 怀疑地；猜疑地
 - skeptically, sceptically

Word: trounce
Front: trounce
[traʊns] (22006/26216)
Vocabulary: trounce
(once / 8576 pages)
v
When you trounce someone, you win decisively. If you win a chess match in three moves, you trounce your opponent.
When a professional tennis player is in the midst of a tournament, she hopes to trounce her rival, and an ambitious speller might dream of the day she competes nationally and trounces all the other competitors. A victorious army can also be said to trounce the enemy. The origin of trounce is uncertain, though one theory has the French troncer, or "cut a piece off from," as its root.
WORD FAMILY
trounce: trounced, trounces, trouncing+/trouncing: trouncings
USAGE EXAMPLES
In February, the Soldiers returned to Ottawa, only to be trounced, 8-0.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Small-company stocks trounced the rest of the market, however, especially since the election.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Like redirecting him to sop up rows of coins or trounce trundling enemies with last second spins.
Time(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: vt. 使大败; 痛打; 呵斥; 责骂
时态：trounced, trouncing, trounces
分布：痛打(47%)，严责(40%)，痛骂(13%)
→词源不详，可能来自拉丁语 truncare,砍，切，词源同 truncate,trench.引申词义打败，击溃等。
[traʊnts] informal
verb transitive
■to defeat a competitor by a large amount 彻底打败；击溃
• France trounced Germany by five goals to one in the qualifying match. 在入围赛中法国队以5比1大败德国队。
• She trounced her rivals in the election. 她在选举中彻底击败了众多对手。
vt. 痛打；严责；打败
 - beat, tank, best

Word: warmth
Front: warmth
[wɔ:mθ] (高研四六 4749/3527 -K2)
Back: n. 温暖，暖和; 热情，热心; 激动; 诚恳
分布：温暖(74%)，热情(19%)，热烈(6%)，热心(1%)
温暖(warm温暖的)[-th表名词,通常指抽象名词]
n.暖和,温暖;热心,热情He is moved by the warmth of their words.他被他们亲切的话语感动了.
N-UNCOUNT
温度;温暖;热度
The warmth of something is the heat that it has or produces.
例：She went further into the room, drawn by the warmth of the fire...暖暖的炉火吸引着她继续向前走进那间屋子。
例：June had brought with it the first of the summer warmth.六月带来了夏日的第一缕热气。
N-UNCOUNT
保暖
The warmth of something such as a garment or blanket is the protection that it gives you against the cold.
例：The blanket will provide additional warmth and comfort in bed.毛毯能让你睡得更温暖、更舒适。
N-UNCOUNT
热情;亲切；友好
Someone who has warmth is friendly and enthusiastic in their behaviour towards other people.
例：He greeted us both with warmth and affection.他热情且友好地迎接了我们俩。
n. 温暖；热情；激动
 - passion, flame, fire

Word: xerox

Word: apiece
Front: apiece
[əˈpi:s] (9637/14425 -1)
Vocabulary: apiece
(once / 1067 pages)
adv
The adverb apiece means "for each" or "to each." If your grandmother gives you and your cousins ten dollars apiece, she hands each of you a ten dollar bill.
When you sell cookies at a bake sale for a dollar apiece, every individual cookie costs one dollar. And if two competing baseball teams have eleven wins apiece, it means that they're tied for the season so far — they've each won eleven games. Apiece, first used in the 1500s, was a contraction of a pece, which was almost always used to talk about coins or items for sale.
WORD FAMILY
apiece: apieces
USAGE EXAMPLES
The shootout brought them level on four wins apiece in meetings in Germany.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
For that startling race, Whitlock’s training log showed that he did 43 training runs of three hours apiece.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Cortez Edwards and Quinton Campbell led Southern Mississippi with 11 points apiece.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adv. 每个; 每件; 每人; 各自地
分布：每人(46%)，每个(45%)，各(9%)
adverb
■each 每个；每人；各
• In good condition, dolls from this period sell for £500 apiece. 这个时期的玩偶，如果保存完好的话，每个可以卖到500英镑。
adv. 每人；每个；各自地
 - respectively, each

Word: deprivation
Front: deprivation
[ˌdeprɪˈveɪʃn] (托宝 9193/6057)
Vocabulary: deprivation
(once / 3207 pages)
n
A state of deprivation means something is missing, and the situation is serious. If you're suffering from sleep deprivation, you haven't slept in a long time.
If you know the word deprive — meaning to keep something away from someone — then you’re close to knowing what deprivation means. It describes the state of not having something. Poor people experience a lot of deprivation: poverty keeps them from having enough food or shelter. Plants experiencing water deprivation will shrivel up and die. If you’re grounded your parents might impose video game deprivation, although this word is usually reserved for when you’re lacking something really serious.
WORD FAMILY
deprivation: deprivations+/ deprive: deprivation, deprived, deprives, depriving
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I promise the Chianti will be flowing from lunch on,” said Ms. Berry, a Buddhist who observes the concept of moderation rather than deprivation.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
The signs of sleep deprivation include dozing off while writing notes or reviewing patients’ medications, and poor memory or judgment.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 16, 2016)
These districts of subsidized pastel-colored, low-rise housing are tidy and well maintained, not places of obvious deprivation.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 剥夺; 丧失; 免职，废止
分布：剥夺(85%)，丧失(7%)，匮乏(6%)，免职(2%)
剥夺;丧失(deprive+ation)[Priv=single,lone,表示"单个"]
【记】de离开，priv＝privat私人的－从私人那里拿走－剥夺
【参】privacy（n 独处；秘密）；privation（n 缺乏；穷困；丧失）deprive（vt 剥夺；使丧失）
【反】surfeit（n 过量；过度）；fecundity（n 多产；丰饶）
noun countable or uncountable
■when you do not have things or conditions that are usually considered necessary for a pleasant life 缺失，缺乏，匮乏
• They used sleep deprivation as a form of torture. 他们把不让人睡觉作为一种折磨人的手段。
• There is awful deprivation in the shanty towns. 贫民区的生活条件十分糟糕。
• There were food shortages and other deprivations during the Civil War. 南北战事期间，食品短缺，物资匮乏。
n. 剥夺；损失；免职
 - removal, losing, expense, disadvantage, cost

Word: cheery
Front: cheery
[ˈtʃɪəri] (14730/14583 -1)
Vocabulary: cheery
(once / 672 pages)
adj
Something that's cheery makes you feel happy. A cheery summer day is sunny and bright.
It's always fun to spend time with a cheery friend, one who is positive and happy, or to participate in some cheery activity, like watching a funny movie or having a picnic. Cheery things do exactly what they sound like — they cheer you up. You can also use cheerful to mean the same thing, and both words are rooted in cheer, from the Anglo-French chere, "the face," with its Greek root kara, "head."
WORD FAMILY
cheery: cheerier, cheeriest, cheerily+/ cheer: cheered, cheerer, cheerful, cheering, cheerless, cheers, cheery /cheerer: cheerers/ cheerful: cheerfuler, cheerfulest, cheerfulness, uncheerful/cheerfulness: cheerfulnesses/cheering: cheeringly, cheerings/cheerless: cheerlessly, cheerlessness/uncheerful: uncheerfully, uncheerfulness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Bennett Miller follows Foxcatcher, the intense story of a deeply creepy and disturbed billionaire wrestling fan who turns murderer with … a cheery Dickens Yuletide classic.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
This cheery summary of Jewish festivals may distress you.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
Q: I’m looking for a cheery plant to brighten up my house this winter.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 喜气洋洋的，兴高采烈的，欢乐的; 愉快的; 高兴的; 快活的
级别：cheerier, cheeriest
分布：活泼的(53%)，愉快的(47%)
US ['tʃɪr.i] adjective
■bright and happy 明快的；欢快的；令人愉快的
• She walked in with a cheery "Good morning!" 她走进来，欢快地说：“早上好！”
• He gave us a cheery wave as we drove past. 我们开车驶过时，他愉快地向我们挥挥手。
adj. 愉快的，活泼的
 - alive, good, bright, lively, activated

Word: chord
Front: chord
[kɔ:d] (六托雅宝 7270/5783 -2)
Vocabulary: chord
(once / 842 pages)
1nv 2n
In music, a chord is three or more notes that combine harmoniously. You can play chords on a piano or guitar, but not on an instrument that plays one note at a time, like a trumpet.
Chord comes from the French word for agreement, accord, so in music it means sounds that go together, or agree with each other. You can also use chord figuratively. If a book "strikes a chord" with you, you feel connected to it. In math, a chord is the straight line that connects two points on a curve.
WORD FAMILY
chord: chordal, chorded, chording, chords
USAGE EXAMPLES
The vernacular elements sounded freshest when Mr. Marsalis folded them into passages of symphonic mass, with thick, pungent chords and boldly fractured phrases.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
One intense section was driven by bursts of chords that built in density and volume.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
The opening chords of “Purple Rain,” they’re the opening of a conversation.
The New Yorker(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. （数学）弦; （乐器）弦; （音乐）和弦; <喻>心弦
vi. 和谐一致; [音乐]在一件乐器上演奏和弦
vt. 上…的弦; 调和; 弹奏
时态：chorded, chording, chords
分布：弦(67%)，和弦(32%)，情绪(1%)
→来自词根cord, 心，词源同cordial, courage, 字面意思即用心演奏的，同时受拉丁词chorda（琴弦，见cord）的影响。
US [kɔ:rd] noun countable
■three or more musical notes played at the same time （音乐的）和弦，和音
n. [数] 弦；和弦
 - hypothenuse, quadrature

Word: cole
Front: cole
[kəʊl] (-/8978)
Back: n. 油菜，小菜
分布：芸苔属植物(100%)
n. 油菜
 - rape

Word: fundamentalism
Front: fundamentalism
[ˌfʌndəˈmentəlɪzəm] (11769/22651 -2)
Vocabulary: fundamentalism
(once / 3906 pages)
n
Fundamentalism is a strict interpretation of the scripture, like Protestant Christians who believe that all the miracles in the Bible really happened. Islamic fundamentalism is the same, except people believe everything in the Koran actually happened.
The word fundamentalism was originally associated with a Protestant movement of the early 1920s, which protested the treatment of the supernatural miracles and events of the Bible as anything but literally true. Fundamentalism was created in direct opposition to modernism, a movement that sought to reinterpret the events of the Bible based on modern times. Nowadays, fundamentalism usually refers to religion, but it can also be a strict and literal belief in anything.
WORD FAMILY
fundamentalism: fundamentalisms, fundamentalist, fundamentalistic+/ fundamental: fundamentalism, fundamentally, fundamentals/ fundamentalist: fundamentalists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Nationalism, nativism, fundamentalism and identity — these were concepts that belonged in the 20th century.
New York Times(Dec 24, 2016)
In this utopia, any irrational obstacles to the spread of liberal modernity – such as Islamic fundamentalism – would be eventually eradicated.
The Guardian(Dec 08, 2016)
In 1991, John Taylor wrote: “The new fundamentalism has concocted a rationale for dismissing all dissent.”
The Guardian(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. <宗>原教旨主义; fundamental的派生
分布：基要主义(86%)，基要主义运动(14%)
→来自fundamental, 基础的，根本的。-ism, 主义，思想。用来指宗教上的原教旨主义者。
US [-tˌəl-] noun uncountable
■the belief in old and traditional forms of religion, or the belief that what is written in a holy book, such as the Christian Bible, is completely true 原教旨主义；（基督教的）基要主义
• Recent years have witnessed a growth in religious fundamentalism. 近年来，宗教的原教旨主义有所发展。

Word: flashy
Front: flashy
[ˈflæʃi] (托 10814/18870 -1)
Vocabulary: flashy
(once / 3867 pages)
adj
To be flashy is to be showy in a tasteless way. Just like a flash of light is hard to ignore, flashy behavior draws attention.
Do you know anyone who is a show-off? That person is probably flashy. Wearing brightly colored rings is flashy. Buying a sports car is flashy. Boasting about how much money you have is flashy. Flashy behavior is the opposite of classy: it consists of showing off things in a loud, obnoxious way.
WORD FAMILY
flashy: flashier, flashiest, flashily, flashiness+/ flash: flashed, flasher, flashes, flashing, flashingly, flashly, flashy /flasher: flashers/flashing: flashings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Longtime NBA sideline reporter famous for his flashy suits and probing questions.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
“I’m never the flashiest guy or anything like that, but just try to be productive.”
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
I did the craziest thing: I bought a flashy house in the Hollywood Hills, and realized I hated it.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 浮华的，俗丽的; 闪光的，瞬间的，昙花一现的; （脾气等）暴烈的
级别：flashier, flashiest
分布：闪光的(60%)，一瞬间的(20%)，炫耀技艺的(20%)
adjective disapproving
■looking too bright, big and expensive in a way that is intended to get attention and admiration （因艳丽、巨大和昂贵而）显眼的，俗艳的
• flashy clothes 俗艳的衣服
• a flashy car 外观俗丽的汽车
• flashy gold jewellery 闪闪发光的黄金首饰
adj. 闪光的；瞬间的；俗丽的；暴躁的
 - fierce, shot, instantaneous

Word: gall
Front: gall
[gɔ:l] (宝 14656/5904 -1)
Vocabulary: gall
(once / 818 pages)
1n 2n 3vn 4nv 5n
Gall describes something irritating, like someone very rude. If you barge into a bakery and cut in front of a sweet old lady, then you have gall.
If someone has gall, they're irritating. In fact, as a verb, gall means "to irritate" like new tight jeans that gall your thighs. Gall is "bile," too, like what's in a gall bladder. Back in the days of Hippocrates, if the four humors of the body were out of whack, it affected your spirits. If you had too much bile, or gall, then you'd be aggressive or depressed. It's also a noun for "deep feeling of ill will."
WORD FAMILY
gall: galled, galling, galls+/ galling: gallinger, gallingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
This, I thought, was the long-awaited last straw, an occasion when Grant not only said no but also perhaps found the request itself galling.
New York Times(Mar 27, 2013)
What gall that these halfbacks put their preparation for professional careers ahead of their “amateur” pursuits.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
"The level of action now pales into insignificance compared to the Winter of Discontent in 1978-79," says Prof Gregor Gall from the University of Bradford.
BBC(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 胆汁; 五倍子; 怨恨; 苦物，苦味
vt. 擦伤，擦破; 使烦恼; 侮辱; 被磨损
vi. 被磨伤
时态：galled, galling, galls
分布：胆汁(41%)，怨恨(15%)，擦伤(12%)，虫瘿(8%)，苦味(8%)，烦恼(6%)，激怒(4%)，羞辱(4%)，伤痛处(2%)
→来自ghel, 发光，照耀，词源同yellow, gold, chlorine. 因胆呈黄绿色而得名。引申义恼怒。
【记】g割，all所有：割掉身上所有的肉，只剩下胆了
【参】gaunt（adj 憔悴的）割掉姑奶奶的肉；bile（n 胆汁；愤怒）gallant（adj 英勇的；华丽的；对妇女献殷勤的）有胆汁的ant蚂蚁（古代认为胆汁是壮胆的）；gallantry（n 勇敢；殷勤）
【反】lull[calm]（vt 使平静）；assuage[placate，appease]（vt 缓和；镇定）；galling（adj 烦恼的）－placating（adj 安慰的）
US [gɑ:l] noun uncountable
■rudeness and the quality of being unable to understand that your behaviour or what you say is not acceptable to other people 鲁莽；厚颜无耻
• [+ to infinitive] Considering that he never even bothers to visit my parents I'm amazed that Tim has the gall to ask them for money! 蒂姆从不去看望我父母，可他竟然有脸去向他们要钱，真让我吃惊！
UK [gɔ:l] US [gɑ:l] verb transitive
■to make someone feel annoyed 使恼怒；激怒
• I think it galls him to take orders from a younger and less experienced colleague. 我想，要他去听命于一个比他年轻且资历比他浅的同事，他会很恼火。
n. [生理] 胆汁；五倍子；怨恨；苦味
 - bile, spite
vt. 烦恼；屈辱；磨伤
 - bother about, kiss the ground

Word: glide
Front: glide
[glaɪd] (研四六托雅宝 7090/8829 -1)
Vocabulary: glide
(once / 308 pages)
1vn 2n
To glide is to sail or skate with ease across a surface. Your favorite thing about winter might be watching the skaters in the park glide silently on the ice-covered lake.
A sled glides down a snowy hill, and a kayak glides across a silvery pond. Another way to glide is to soar in the air: your paper airplane, if you make it the right way, will glide all the way across the room, and a hawk can glide through the sky without seeming to move its wings. A different kind of glide is linguistic, a sound that's pronounced like a vowel but functions as a consonant.
WORD FAMILY
glide: glided, glider, glides, gliding+/glider: gliders/gliding: glidings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Is there anything better than the Met’s Viennese chandeliers gliding to the ceiling as the lights dim?
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
At still others, she establishes patterns that change as your eye glides across them, creating gentle visual turbulence.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Her second-eldest, Stephen, turned me on to Motown when I watched him doing northern soul glides in the living room to a Supremes soundtrack.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 滑行，滑翔; [乐]滑音，延音; 流逝，消逝; 静悄悄的流水
vt. （鸟或飞机）滑翔，滑动; 掠过; 悄悄地走; 消逝
vi. 使滑行; 使滑动
时态：glided, gliding, glides
分布：滑翔(56%)，滑动(25%)，滑音(11%)，滑过(5%)，溜走(3%)
→来自ghel, 照耀，发光，词源同glass, gold. 原指光线闪过，后词义通用化。
n./v.溜,滑行;(时间)消逝The snake glided smoothly towards its prey.那条蛇轻快地向猎物游去.
【参】glider（n 滑翔机）
【反】lumber（v 笨拙地移动n 木材）
verb
MOVE 移动
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to move easily without stopping and without effort or noise 滑行；滑动
• She came gliding gracefully into the ballroom in a long flowing gown. 她身穿一袭飘逸的礼服，优雅轻盈地快步走进舞厅。
• I love my new pen - it just glides across/over the paper. 我很喜欢我的新钢笔——书写流畅极了。
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to move or progress without difficulty or effort 轻松行进；毫不费力地取得进展
• Some people glide effortlessly through life with no real worries. 有些人一生过得轻松自在，无忧无虑。
[glaɪd] verb
FLY 飞
intransitive
■to fly by floating on air currents instead of using power from wings or an engine 滑行；滑翔
• We saw a condor gliding high above the mountains. 我们看到一只秃鹫在群山上空翱翔。
• Unlike other spacecraft, the shuttle can glide back through the atmosphere, land safely, and be reused. 与其他太空船不同，这种航太飞机可以滑翔穿越大气层返回并安全降落，而且可以重复使用。
skid, glide, slip, slide
这组词都有“滑动”的意思，其区别是：
skid: 着重指不自主地或失去控制地滑动，特指车轮在结冰或潮湿路面上的滑动，常暗含有危险存在的意味。
glide: 指自由、顺畅地流动，也指不费力、无声响地滑动。
slip: 指不自觉地、偶然地滑动。
slide: 通常多指与光滑表面保持接触并且迅速地连续滑动。
n. 滑翔；滑行；滑移；滑音
 - slippage, portamento
vt. 滑翔；滑行；悄悄地走；消逝
 - ebb away

Word: mainframe
Front: mainframe
[ˈmeɪnfreɪm] (14772/5513 -1)
Back: n. （大型电脑的）主机，中央处理机; [计] 主机; 大型机; 总配线架
分布：主机(90%)，大型计算机(10%)
→main,主要的，frame,框架。比喻用法。
noun countable specialized
■a very large powerful computer with a lot of memory which many people can use at the same time （大型电脑的）主机，大型机
n. [计] 主机；大型机
 - host, main engine

Word: holme

Word: bluster
Front: bluster
[ˈblʌstə(r)] (宝 21394/23611 -1)
Vocabulary: bluster
(once / 1652 pages)
vn
If you tell the captain of the basketball team that you're going to beat him at a game of hoops even though you've never played, you're speaking with a lot of bluster or false confidence and bravado.
Bluster can also mean a strong wind. On a blustery day, you'll see trees blowing and people holding onto their hats. When someone full of bluster is talking about how they can do something that you think they can't, they're blowing a lot of hot air in your direction. And coincidently, another name for that type of person is a blowhard.
WORD FAMILY
bluster: blustered, blusterer, blustering, blusterous, blusters, blustery+/blusterer: blusterers/blustering: blusteringly/blusterous: blusterously
USAGE EXAMPLES
The English Premier League is discovering this was not just bluster and bravado from a player with seemingly limitless amounts of self-confidence.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
And third economic policy, Trump shows no signs of diverging from Reagan’s trickle-down legacy, despite his populist campaign bluster.
Salon(Dec 26, 2016)
For all his bombastic bluster and his selection of the richest cabinet ever, Trump’s read of the population was correct.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vi. 咆哮，威吓; 怒冲冲地说; 狂吹，夸口
n. 吓唬，怒号; 狂风声，巨浪声
时态：blustered, blustering, blusters
分布：咆哮(67%)，大话(14%)，夸口(14%)，狂风声(5%)
→词源同bluff, 吹嘘，恐吓。
【记】blust＝blast（n 一阵突然风）
US [-tɚ] verb intransitive
■to speak in a loud, angry or offended way, usually with little effect 咆哮，气势汹汹地说（通常作用不大）
• [+ speech] "You had no right to do it, no right at all, " he blustered. “你没有权力那样做，根本没有权力”，他气势汹汹地吼道。
UK ['blʌs.tər] US [-tɚ] verb intransitive
■If the wind blusters, it blows strongly （风）狂吹，咆哮
• A gale was blustering round the house. 屋外狂风大作。
vt. 咆哮；狂吹；夸口；威吓；气势汹汹地说
 - huff and puff, bark
vi. 咆哮；恫吓
 - gnar, huff and puff
n. 怒号；吓唬
 - bluff

Word: uproot
Front: uproot
[ˌʌpˈru:t] (托 18870/13714 -1)
Vocabulary: uproot
(once / 2717 pages)
v
When you uproot people, you move them from one place to a completely new one. Your parents may need to uproot you if your mom gets a new job all the way across the country.
One meaning of the verb uproot is "move," especially when a person is forced to move. Another way to use uproot is more literal: to pull a plant out of the ground, roots and all. You might, for example, uproot your favorite rose bush and replant it in a sunnier spot in your garden. Interestingly, the figurative sense of uproot is about a hundred years older than the literal meaning, which was first used in the late 1600's.
WORD FAMILY
uproot: uprooted, uprooter, uprooting, uproots+/uprooter: uprooters
USAGE EXAMPLES
The forsaken flora are a ready-made metaphor for the Moldova-born photographer’s own uprooted life.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
"May the terrorists be uprooted. Mothers shouldn't cry anymore. May God spare everyone this pain and may there be peace for Turkey."
BBC(Dec 26, 2016)
The storm cut power lines and uprooted trees, but no deaths were reported.
BBC(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vt. 根除; 连根拔起; 把…赶出家园; 使无家可归
vi. 迁离; 改变生活方式; 根除，灭绝
时态：uprooted, uprooting, uproots
分布：连根拔起(54%)，根除(32%)，迁离(14%)
→比喻用法。
连根拔;根除(up+root根→根向上→根除)[up=up,over表示"向上"]
verb transitive
PLANT 植物
■to pull a plant including its roots out of the ground 将…连根拔起
• Hundreds of mature trees were uprooted in the storm. 数百棵大树在风暴中被连根拔起。
[ʌp'ru:t] verb transitive
PERSON 人
■to remove a person from their home or usual environment 使离开家园（或熟悉的环境）；使迁移他处
• The war has uprooted nearly two-thirds of the country's population. 战争使这个国家近三分之二的人口背井离乡。
vt. 根除，连根拔起；迫使某人离开出生地或定居处
 - eradicate, root out

Word: newish
Front: newish
['nju:ɪʃ] (36501/33987)
Back: adj. 稍新的
分布：相当新的(100%)
US ['nu:.ɪʃ] informal
adjective
■slightly new 尚新的，比较新的
• They have a four-bedroom house on a newish estate. 他们在一个新建的小区里拥有一套四居室的房产。

Word: bristle
Front: bristle
[ˈbrɪsl] (四六宝 11066/14172 -1)
Vocabulary: bristle
(once / 759 pages)
1nv 2v 3v
A bristle is a stiff hair — the kind men shave off their face or the kind badgers have all over. Bristle also means to get angry. Tell an animal rights activist you use a badger's bristle shaving brush and you'll get the idea.
The emotional meaning of to bristle comes from the fact that most animal bristles used by man are so-called erectile hairs — the ones that stand up on the neck or along the back of animal when it's angry or surprised. A common word associated with bristle is hackle, another name for such erectile animal hairs. Thus the saying "to get one's hackles up," which is pretty much identical to bristling.
WORD FAMILY
bristle: bristled, bristlelike, bristles, bristling, bristly +/ bristly: bristliness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Basketball coaches are still bristling about the Washington Interscholastic Activities Association’s new state tournament format.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Cuban officials bristle at the suggestion, saying it is an attempt to weaken the government of the island.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Not only did the president-elect fail to heed the message — he bristled at it.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. （猪等的）鬃毛; 刚毛; （动，植物的）短硬毛; （人的）胡须茬
vi. 发怒; （像鬃毛似的）竖立; （因害怕、激怒等而）毛发直立; 密密地覆盖
vt. 使（毛发等像鬃毛似的）直立; 把…弄粗糙; 给（刷子等）安鬃毛; 使林立
时态：bristled, bristling, bristles
分布：猪鬃(42%)，刚毛(29%)，直立(22%)，生气(7%)
→来自PIE *bhars, 刺，硬毛。词源同barley, bur.
【记】b不，ris＝rise升起，tle读：头。不抬头，豪猪的毛竖起来的时候是不抬头的。
【区】gristle（n 软骨），gristle鬼抬头，没有肉，露出软骨。
【反】cower（v 畏缩）
noun
countable
■a short stiff hair, usually one of many 短而硬的毛；刚毛
• The old woman had a few grey bristles sprouting from her chin. 老妇人下巴上长出几根灰白的又短又硬的毛。
countable or uncountable
■The bristles of a brush are the stiff hairs or pieces of plastic which are connected to it 刷子毛
• The best quality men's shaving brushes are made from badger bristle. 最好的男士修面刷由獾毛制成。
• My toothbrush has blue and white plastic bristles. 我的牙刷上有蓝白塑胶刷毛。
['brɪs.l] verb
HAIR 毛发
intransitive
■(of hair) to stand up （毛发等）直立
• The cat's fur bristled and it arched its back. 那只猫竖起了毛，弓起了背。
['brɪs.l] verb
REACT ANGRILY 生气
■to react angrily 生气
• She bristled at the suggestion that she had in any way neglected the child. 人们认为她多少有点忽略了这孩子，这种看法使她很生气。
['brɪs.l] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  bristle with sth
■to have a large amount of something, or to be full of something 有大量的…，充满
• The helicopter hovered above them bristling with machine guns. 直升机在他们头顶上盘旋，上面架着许多机关枪。
n. 猪鬃； [动] 刚毛
 - seta, chaeta
vi. 发怒；竖起
 - anger, chafe at

Word: congratulate
Front: congratulate
[kənˈgrætʃuleɪt] (高研四六 8361/6017 -2)
Vocabulary: congratulate
(once / 281 pages)
v
When you congratulate someone, you give that person praise — or maybe even a party to congratulate him or her on a job well done.
The word congratulate is linked to the Latin word congratulari, meaning “wish joy.” When you congratulate someone, you wish him or her joy, usually to celebrate an accomplishment or good fortune. Your joy can take the form of verbal praise (“Well done!”), a letter or card offering good wishes, a rowdy high five, or even a big chocolate cake. You can also congratulate yourself for reaching a long-time goal.
WORD FAMILY
congratulate: congratulated, congratulates, congratulating, congratulation, congratulatory+/ congratulation: congratulations /congratulatory: congratulatorily
USAGE EXAMPLES
After the speeches, she stayed to congratulate her friend and also introduced herself to Rosenberg.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
At a recent celebration, friends used one cake to congratulate Bill Word on his retirement and compliment Matt Word on his new job.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Russian President Vladimir Putin on Friday congratulated Finland for its centenary in a phone conversation with Finnish President Sauli Niinisto.
Time(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. 向（某人）道贺; 祝贺; （为成就或成功）感到高兴
时态：congratulated, congratulating, congratulates
分布：祝贺(94%)，庆祝(6%)
→con-, 强调。-grat, 感激，致意，词源同grateful, grace.
v.(on)祝贺,向...致贺词With gratitude he congratulated me on the celebration.他怀着感激向我祝贺庆典.
verb transitive
 ADVANCED
■to praise someone and say that you approve of or are pleased about a special or unusual achievement 祝贺；庆贺；恭喜
• I was just congratulating Ceri on winn ing/on having won her race. 我那时正在祝贺凯里赛跑获胜。
congratulate, celebrate
这组词都有“庆祝，祝贺”的意思，其区别是：
congratulate: 指对他人祝贺为目的，希望他人幸福或走运。
celebrate: 通常指举行盛大隆重的仪式庆祝或纪念有意义的日子或某件事情，多暗示节日般的欢乐场面。
vt. 祝贺；恭喜；庆贺
 - celebrate, felicitate

Word: fanciful
Front: fanciful
[ˈfænsɪfl] (托 13552/13710 -1)
Vocabulary: fanciful
(once / 1171 pages)
adj
Turn fanciful around and you get "full of fancy," which gives you the gist of the meaning. The adjective refers to something not quite real, usually something with a whimsical or even dreamlike quality.
The adjective fanciful sprang from the 15th-century noun fancy, which was in turn a short version of the word fantasy. All three words contain the same elemental meaning, that of something unreal. Someone who is fanciful usually allows creative thought rather than the practical to come to the forefront. Edgar Allan Poe said, "It will be found, in fact, that the ingenious are always fanciful, and the truly imaginative never otherwise than analytic."
WORD FAMILY
fanciful: fancifully+/fancied: fanciedly/ fancier: fanciers/ fancy: fancied, fancier, fancies, fanciest, fanciful, fancily, fancying
USAGE EXAMPLES
The rate of warming we are seeing, in both the air and ocean temperatures, is inconsistent with the fanciful and optimistic beliefs of this group.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
I described such claims as fanciful, but later a different kind of collusion emerged.
Salon(Dec 21, 2016)
And if Leipzig manages to beat Bayern on Wednesday, well, the prospect of an even bigger surprise might not seem so fanciful.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. （指人）富于幻想的; （指物）设计或装饰新颖奇特的; 奇怪的，稀奇的; 不现实
分布：稀奇的(38%)，想像的(31%)，奇怪的(31%)
adjective
■not realistic 空想的；想像的
• He has some fanciful notion about converting one room of his apartment into a gallery. 他幻想把他公寓的一个房间改成画廊。
adj. 想像的；稀奇的
 - suppositional, imaginary

Word: fur
Front: fur
[fɜ:(r)] (高研四六托雅 4700/5029 -K2)
Vocabulary: fur
(once / 217 pages)
n
Fur is the fuzzy hair on an animal like a rabbit or a raccoon. One downside of having a cat or dog is that you often end up finding their fur all over your house.
Most mammals have fur, dense soft coats that protect them from becoming too cold or hot. Northern dog breeds, for example, have a double coat of fur, with the dense bottom coat keeping them warm even in the snow. Sometimes fur is used to mean "an animal's pelt" or "clothing made from the fur of an animal." The phrase "to make the fur fly" means "to cause serious trouble."
WORD FAMILY
fur: furlike, furry, furs, underfur+/ furry: furriest, furrily
USAGE EXAMPLES
Everyone, men included, seems to be in “Where the Wild Things Are” furs; coat check looks like the Bronx Zoo.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
It’s nice and warm, and I would never buy any fur, but this was a gift.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
She also acknowledged vandalizing a San Diego fur store and the homes of the business owner and the owner’s parents.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 毛皮; 软毛; 毛皮衣服; 人造毛
adj. 含羊毛的
vt. 用毛皮覆盖; 除去（锅上的）水垢
分布：毛皮(73%)，皮衣(11%)，软毛(10%)，使生苔(3%)，使生垢(2%)，毛皮制品(1%)
→来自Proto-Germanic*fodram,鞘，衬里，进一步来自pa, 保护，喂养，词源同food, fodder.
n.毛,毛皮The current occurrence of torrent spurs him to buy fur and sulfur.现行的倾泻事件驱使他买毛皮衣服和硫磺.
US [fɝ:] noun
HAIR 毛发
 IMPROVER countable or uncountable
■the thick hair that covers the bodies of some animals, or the hair-covered skin(s) of animals, removed from their bodies （动物的）毛，毛皮
• She stroked the rabbit's soft fur. 她轻抚着兔子身上软软的毛。
• "Is that real fur on your collar?" "Certainly not - I only wear fake fur." “你领子上用的毛皮是真的吗？”“当然不是——我只穿人造毛。”
• a fur coat 毛皮大衣
• Native Americans traded furs with early European settlers. 美洲印第安人与早期的欧洲定居者进行毛皮交易。
UK [fɜ:r] US [fɝ:] noun
GREY SUBSTANCE 灰色物质
uncountable
■a hard pale grey substance which can form on the inside of water pipes, kettles etc. 水垢
UK [fɜ:r] US [fɝ:] noun
TONGUE 舌头
uncountable
■a greyish covering on the tongue, caused by illness or by smoking cigarettes 舌苔
UK [fɜ:r] US [fɝ:] noun
the fur flies
■If the fur flies, people have a bad argument 发生激烈争吵
• The fur was really flying during that meeting. 那次会议上吵得很厉害。
UK [fɜ:r] US [fɝ:] noun
make the fur fly (also set the fur flying)
■to cause a bad argument 引起激烈争吵
• He set the fur flying by demanding to see proof. 他要求看证据，就这样引起了激烈的争吵。
UK [fɜ:r] US [fɝ:] verb intransitive (-rr-)
■If water pipes, kettles , etc. fur, a hard grey substance forms on the inside （水管、水壶等）生水锈，结水垢
• Over the years, the pipes in our house have slowly furred (up). 多年以来，我们房子的水管慢慢地结上了水垢。
■(also fur up)
■If someone's arteries (= tubes that carry blood from your heart) fur, or something furs them, they become slightly blocked （动脉）阻塞
• Eating too much fat furs up your arteries which slows down the flow of blood. 摄入过多脂肪会阻塞你的动脉，减缓血液流动。
hide, fur, peel, leather, skin
这组词都有“皮，皮肤”的意思，其区别是：
hide: 多指大型动物的厚皮，也指没有鞣的牛、马等皮革。
fur: 现多指猫、兔等动物软毛皮，也指其它动物的毛皮。
peel: 指剩下的或可以剥去的果皮或蔬菜皮。
leather: 通常指经过加工的熟皮，可用于制作各种皮革制品。
skin: 最常用词，指人的皮肤或动物的皮，也可指水果、植物和种子等的外皮。
n. 皮，皮子； [皮革] 毛皮；软毛
 - down, tegument

Word: fluctuate
Front: fluctuate
[ˈflʌktʃueɪt] (研六托雅宝 12670/11623 -1)
Vocabulary: fluctuate
(once / 1208 pages)
v
Something that fluctuates varies or changes — it's the opposite of steady. Like the ups and downs of the stock market or the relationship status of a Hollywood starlet.
Fluctuate is a verb that describes movement, sometimes irregular, but often rising and falling in a wave-like pattern. The tides fluctuate according to the weather and season, for example. Your emotions fluctuate depending on what happens throughout the day, and so does your weight. In fact, you usually weigh less in the morning, before you've eaten. You're also taller, since your spine compresses as you walk around. So your height fluctuates, too.
WORD FAMILY
fluctuate: fluctuated, fluctuates, fluctuating, fluctuation +/ fluctuating: fluctuatingly, unfluctuating/ fluctuation: fluctuations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Company spokesman Rob Carlton stated in a Nov. 17 email that Koch revenue fluctuates with the price of commodities.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Gas prices will now fluctuate, something that hasn't been seen in Mexico since the government started fixing prices in 1992, ostensibly to control inflation.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Egypt’s industrial sector is largely based on energy extraction and production, which employs relatively few people and fluctuates with oil prices.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vi. 波动; 涨落
vt. 使波动; 使动摇
时态：fluctuated, fluctuating, fluctuates
分布：波动(78%)，起伏(12%)，动摇(6%)，使动摇(4%)
→来自拉丁fluere, 流动，波动，词源同fluent. -ct, 过去分词后缀。
波动[fluctu=wave(波浪)]
v.(使)波动;(使)起伏My weight fluctuates between 90 and 100 pounds.我的体重在90与100磅之间变动.
【记】flu流动－波动变化
【反】stabilize（v 稳定）；remain steady（保持稳定）
verb intransitive
■to change, especially continuously and between one level or thing and another （尤指持续）波动，起伏不定
• Vegetable prices fluctuate according to the season. 蔬菜价格随着季节变化而涨落。
• Her wages fluctuate between £150 and £200 a week. 她的周薪在150英镑到200英镑之间浮动。
• Her weight fluctuates wildly. 她的体重起伏很大。
• fluctuating prices 波动的价格
fluctuate, alteration, change, modify, convert, shift（in）, alternation, alter, variations
fluctuate: 没有规律的上下波动
alteration: 强调细节的变化
change: 强调某种本质的变化
modify: “更改，修改”程度略小并有趋缓之意
convert: 用途上的改变，也作态度和信仰的变化
shift（in）: 转换，转变
alternation: 轮流，交替（take turn）
alter: 细枝末节的修改，而非脱胎换骨
variations: 指不规则的或断续的改变，或指一种东西改成了不同样式
vi. 波动；涨落；动摇
 - wave motion, shake
vt. 使波动；使动摇
 - destabilize

Word: inclination
Front: inclination
[ˌɪnklɪˈneɪʃn] (六托雅 8270/6915 -1)
Vocabulary: inclination
(once / 330 pages)
1n 2n
You can see the word "incline" inside inclination, which clues you in to the fact that inclination has to do with leaning. Sometimes the inclination is literal; in most cases it's about what you incline toward in a figurative sense.
An inclination is something you are leaning toward, a tendency you have. You could have a specific inclination for chocolate, or you could have an inclination that applies to a decision you are about to make: "Looking at this dessert menu, my inclination is to skip everything and just go home and have a chocolate bar."
WORD FAMILY
inclination: inclinations+/ disinclination: disinclinations/disincline: disinclination, disinclined, disinclines, disinclining/ incline: disincline, inclination, inclined, inclines, inclining/inclining: inclinings
USAGE EXAMPLES
If some of these inclinations suggest a West Coast flavor, it is dissipating.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Nonetheless, in those days of compulsory patriotic flag-waving the media showed no inclination to be even slightly skeptical, and the result was catastrophic.
Salon(Dec 27, 2016)
My first inclination is to agree with anything a person is saying to me.
Salon(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 倾向; 爱好; 斜坡
分布：倾向(78%)，趋势(6%)，倾斜度(6%)，斜坡(6%)，意愿(4%)
【记】incline（n /v 倾斜；斜面）cline斜
【参】decline（v /n 下倾；下垂）；inclined（adj 倾斜的；有…倾向的）＝disposed＝willing＝tending
noun
FEELING 感觉
countable or uncountable
■a preference or tendency , or a feeling that makes a person want to do something 倾向；爱好；意向
• [+ to infinitive] My own inclination would be to look for another job. 我个人倾向另外找一份工作。
• We should be basing our decisions on solid facts, not inclinations and hunches. 我们应根据可靠的事实作出决定，而不是根据个人爱好和直觉。
[ˌɪn.klɪ'neɪ.ʃən] noun
MOVEMENT 动作
countable formal
■a small downwards movement 轻微的向下动作
• a solemn inclination of the head 郑重其事的点头
countable usually singular uncountable specialized
■the angle at which something slopes 倾角，斜角
n. 倾向，爱好；斜坡
 - tendency, liability, hill, trend, interest

Word: reset
Front: reset
[ˌri:ˈset] (12795/15213 -1)
Vocabulary: reset
(once / 6247 pages)
vn
When you reset something, you start it over again or adjust it. If you accidentally set your alarm to go off at 3:00 am, you'll have to sleepily reset it for 7:00 am.
You may like to reset your car's odometer before starting a long trip, so you can keep track of your gas mileage. Or, you might tend to reset your alarm clock on the weekends, so it wakes you later. You can also reset many electronics by essentially making them go back to zero, or to a starting point: "I need to reset my cellphone to the original factory settings."
WORD FAMILY
reset: resets, resetted, resetting+/ set: preset, reset, seting, sets, setting, subset / setting: settings/ subset: subsets
USAGE EXAMPLES
Last month he also seemed to reset U.S. nuclear policy via Twitter, saying the country needs to update its nuclear posture.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
At times, he found himself running around his neighborhood in the dark until his calorie-burn indicator reset to zero at midnight.
New York Times(May 02, 2016)
It is a welcome reset from awkwardness, defensiveness, suspicion.
Washington Post(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: vt. 重置; 重排; 重新安装
n. 重新放置; 重放之物
vi. 重置; 清零
时态：reset, resetting, resets
分布：重新设定(58%)，重新组合(25%)，重新放置(17%)
→re-,再，重新，set,设置。
重放,重排(re重新+set→重新放)[set=fix,表示"安置好"]
VERB
重新设置;重新调试
If you reset a machine or device, you adjust or set it, so that it is ready to work again or ready to perform a particular function.
例：As soon as you arrive at your destination, step out of the aircraft and reset your wristwatch.你一到达目的地，就走出飞机并重新设置手表时间。
VERB
(骨头)复位，重新接上
If a doctor resets a broken bone, they put it back into its correct position.
例：He is recovering from an operation to reset his arm.他做了一个手臂复位手术，正在恢复。
vi. 重置；清零
 - to clear
n. 重新设定；重新组合； [印刷] 重排版
 - reassociation, recompounding

Word: irreversible
Front: irreversible
[ˌɪrɪˈvɜ:səbl] (托 12545/11691 -1)
Vocabulary: irreversible
(once / 9441 pages)
adj
If you can't undo something, it's irreversible. Time is always irreversible, as is the damage done to your skin by too much sun, so be sure to wear sunblock!
While you see reverse inside of this word, you wouldn't use it to describe a car that can't go backwards. However, if the car was in an accident and cannot be fixed, you could say that the damage done to the car was pretty much irreversible, in other words the car is totaled.
WORD FAMILY
irreversible: irreversibility, irreversibly+/ reversal: reversals/ reverse: reversal, reversed, reversely, reversible, reversing/ reversible: irreversible, nonreversible, reversibility, reversibles, reversibly
USAGE EXAMPLES
But the authors also note that the trend is not inevitable or irreversible.
Salon(Dec 29, 2016)
Secretary of State John Kerry says expanding Israeli settlements in the West Bank and east Jerusalem are leading to an “irreversible one-state reality.”
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Heart attacks, or “myocardial infarctions,” refer to any irreversible cell death to the muscle of the heart.
Slate(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 不可逆的; 不能翻转的; 不能倒置的; [法]不可取消的
分布：不可逆转的(86%)，不可挽回的(14%)
→ir-,不，非，reversible,可倒转的。
不能改变的(ir不+re+vers+ible→不能颠倒的)[ver,ert=turn,表示"转"]
US [-'vɝ:-] adjective
■not possible to change; impossible to return to a previous condition 不可改变的，不可逆转的
• Smoking has caused irreversible damage to his lungs. 吸烟已经对他的肺部造成了永久的损害。
adj. 不可逆的；不能取消的；不能翻转的
 - non-reversible, nonreversing

Word: prairie
Front: prairie
[ˈpreəri] (高六托 6846/20980 -1)
Vocabulary: prairie
(once / 374 pages)
n
A prairie is a plain of grassy land without many trees. If you're raising cattle, find some prairie land to let them roam around on.
Prairie means grassland, and comes from the French word for "meadow." While we might describe a single meadow, we usually use prairie to describe a type of countryside. In the United States, the natural state of the land between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains is prairie, which is why there's so much farming there.
WORD FAMILY
prairie: prairies
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Prairie Stars trailed by just three at intermission and remained within striking distance on the strength of 8-for-22 shooting from deep.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The documents say Wills was drinking at a Sun Prairie bar for more than an hour before the crash.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Not yet two months into his tour, Siatta was no longer a naïve kid from the prairie.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. （尤指北美的）大草原，大牧场; 草原地带; 〈美方〉林中空地
分布：大草原(100%)
→来自法语prairie,草地，牧场，来自拉丁语pratum,草地。特指北美大草原。
【记】中间有新鲜的空气air－大草原
US ['prer.i] noun countable or uncountable
■a wide area of flat land without trees in Canada and the northern US （加拿大和美国北部的）大草原
n. [畜牧] 大草原；牧场
 - field, steppe

Word: resumption
Front: resumption
[rɪˈzʌmpʃn] (18248/12325)
Vocabulary: resumption
(once / 3030 pages)
n
Resumption is what you're doing when you resume, or start from the point where you left off. If your little sister has been bothering you, then goes out to play, you can expect peace for an hour, then a resumption of the annoyance when she returns.
Like the word resume, resumption has roots in the Latin prefix re- meaning "again" and sumere meaning to "take up." Combine these two root words: "to take up again" and you get the meaning of the word. If warring nations stop fighting in an attempt to negotiate a peace settlement, you can expect a resumption of hostilities between them if the negotiations fail.
WORD FAMILY
resumption: resumptions+/ resume: resumed, resumes, resuming, resumption
USAGE EXAMPLES
The resolution also welcomed plans for the talks in Kazakhstan before a resumption of U.N.-brokered talks in Geneva in February.
Reuters(Dec 31, 2016)
“The United States looks forward to the resumption of talks between the regime and opposition groups as soon as possible,” said the official.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
Embassy to Jerusalem, a disputed city, and naming an ambassador who supports Israeli settlements likely to block any resumption of the peace process.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. <正>重新开始，继续
分布：恢复(100%)
→来自 resume,重新开始，继续，-pt,过去分词格，-ion,名词后缀。
noun [S or U]
■the start of something again after it has stopped （中断后）继续，重新开始
• The president called for an immediate ceasefire and a resumption of negotiations between the two sides. 总统呼吁双方立即停火，回到谈判桌上。
n. 恢复；重新开始；取回；重获；恢复硬币支付
 - recovery, restoration, retrieval, renewal, comeback

Word: spruce
Front: spruce
[spru:s] (宝 12470/20859 -1)
Vocabulary: spruce
(once / 1095 pages)
1n 2adjv
Spruce is a verb that means you pay special attention to your personal appearance, especially your grooming and clothing. If you want to spruce up for a wedding, you'll need to rent a tuxedo and do something with your hair.
Spruce can also mean that you're making something else look better. You might spruce up the living room before your girlfriend's visit by vacuuming, throwing away all the trash, and putting away the dishes you left sitting around. Spruce is typically used in combination with the word up: spruce up. Spruce's use as a verb possibly originated from "spruce leather," which was used to make a popular type of jacket back in the 1400s.
TASTY MORSELS
Vocabulary Shout-Out: Anthony Lane for "Spruce" (Adj.)
Film critic Anthony Lane opens his review of "Fast & Furious 6" in this week's New Yorker by referring to the film's new name as spruce.
The first film, in 2001, was called "The Fast and the Furious," but the going has been so rough and so raw, over the years, that at some point the definite articles dropped off. I prefer the stripped-down version, and can't help wishing that the principle had been applied more freely in the past: "Bad & Beautiful," "Good, Bad & Ugly," "Remains of the Day." Spruce though the new name may be, however, is it true?
Spruce, meaning "neat, up to date, trim" is usually heard (at least in the US) in its verb form, "to make something neat or trim or to groom." The usage tracker on our Dictionary Definition page gives us this typical example:
But here, Lane uses spruce as an adjective, delighting his language-loving readers with a rare form of a familiar word. Why is spruce as a verb so common and spruce as an adjective relatively rare? Both link back to the Old French "Pruce," which came into English during the 14th century as a way to refer to all things Prussian, such as the leather, wood, and beer imported to England at that time. (Spruce as in "spruce tree" was born in the same linguistic moment, as those particular conifers were believed to be of Prussian origin.) In the Elizabethan era, an association with things "neat, trim, and up-to-date" attached itself to spruce, via the fashion among noblemen of wearing jerkins made from "spruce leather."
And then, as the UK-based website The Phrase Finder tells us, spruce expanded its scope yet again in the early 20th-century, as Americans began using the verb spruce to describe the spiffing-up of things beyond one's personal appearance, such as a living room or Apple's line of products. History buffs may recall Howard Hugh's World War II-era airplane prototype nicknamed the "Spruce Goose" due to its ground-breaking nature and wood-based design. This blending of spruce as "modern and up-to-date" and spruce as "tree" demonstrates that the word's adjectival form was still in ciruclation. Now, in the US at least, it feels almost as unfamiliar as the jerkins from which it derived.
Can you find any references to spruce as an adjective in your daily life and reading? Share them in a comment below. And be sure to let us know on which side of the Atlantic you head it!
WORD FAMILY
spruce: spruced, sprucely, spruceness, sprucer, spruces, sprucest, sprucing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The owner of the Spruce Hill Inn told the paper the venue was rented “under false pretenses” and he expected a small party.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Ingalsbe owned a home in the Spruce Creek community, which surrounds the private airport.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
While a lot of local Christmas tree farms are open only on weekends, Oney’s is open daily, offering customers firs, pines and spruces.
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 衣着整洁的; 漂亮的
n. 针枞; 云杉; 云杉木; 灰绿色或墨绿色
vt. & vi. （把…）打扮得整洁漂亮; 把…收拾整洁; 打扮
时态：spruced, sprucing, spruces
分布：云杉(80%)，打扮(8%)，赤松(4%)，虎尾枞属的植物(2%)，外表俏丽的(2%)，打扮自己(2%)，干净的(2%)
→来自 Spruce,拼写变体自 Pruce,普鲁士，欧洲历史地名，德意志境内最强大的邦国，后统一了 德意志。该树因从普鲁士进口到英国而得名，是制作家具的优质木材，也是奢华的代名词。 因此，引申词义装饰，打扮。
noun countable or uncountable
■an evergreen (= never losing its leaves) tree with leaves like needles, or the wood from this tree which is a pale colour 云杉；云杉木
[spru:s] adjective approving
■(of a person) tidy and clean in appearance （人）整洁清爽的
• He looked spruce and handsome in a clean white shirt. 他穿着干净的白衬衫，显得清清爽爽，很是帅气。
[spru:s] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] spruce sb/sth up informal
■to make someone or something cleaner and tidier or to improve the way they appear generally 把…收拾整洁；打扮
• [R] I thought I'd have a shave and generally spruce myself up for the interview. 我想我要刮一下胡子，穿戴整齐去面试。
• They've employed an advertising agency to spruce up the company image. 他们请了一家广告公司来打造公司的形象。
adj. 整洁的
 - neat, kempt
n. [木] [植] 云杉
 - Picea asperata, picea

Word: squarely
Front: squarely
[ˈskweəli] (托 9723/11379 -1)
Back: adv. 直角地，笔直地; 规规矩矩地，公正地; 干脆地; 成方形
分布：坚定地(23%)，成方形地(22%)，成直角地(22%)，直接地(22%)，公平地(11%)
→square,方的，直的，-ly,副词后缀。引申词义径直地，直截了当地。
US ['skwer] adverb
DIRECTLY 直接地 (also square)
■directly and certainly 径直地；直截了当地；毫不含糊地
• She refused to come down squarely on either side of the argument. 她拒绝直接加入争论的任何一方。
• She punched him square on the jaw. 她一拳不偏不倚正中他的下颌。
UK ['skweə.li] US ['skwer] adverb
STRAIGHT 直的
■evenly balanced, not to one side 合适地；公正地
• She stood squarely, with her feet apart. 她两脚分开，站得笔直。
adv. 直角地；诚实地；正好；干脆地；正当地
 - just, direct

Word: smog
Front: smog
[smɒg] (高研四六托 12947/17069 -1)
Vocabulary: smog
(once / 12024 pages)
n
What do you get when you combine "smoke" and "fog"? Smog! Smog is the thick haze or smoke that's caused by polluting substances in the air.
Generally, the more cars there are in a city, the more likely there is to be smog. There are other culprits for smog, though, including coal-burning factories, other chemical emissions from plants and mills, and nearby forest fires. If there's too much smog in a city, it can make it hard for people with asthma to breathe.Smog is a great example of a portmanteau, a word formed by combining two other words into one: it comes from smoke and fog.
WORD FAMILY
smog: smoggy, smogs+/smoggy: smogginess
USAGE EXAMPLES
Coal-burning factories are a significant cause of China’s long-standing smog.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
The alert was originally due to end on Sunday, but authorities extended it for three days as the smog persisted.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
On Sunday, 25 cities in China issued “red alerts” for smog, which triggers orders to close factories, schools and construction sites.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 烟雾; 烟尘; 烟雾污染
分布：烟雾(100%)
→来自 smoke 和 fog 的合成词，用以指伦敦曾经浓烟笼罩的情形。
n.烟雾I don't like the smog here.我讨厌这里的烟雾.
US [smɑ:g] noun [S or U]
■air pollution, especially in cities, that is caused by a mixture of smoke, gases and chemicals （尤指城市中的）烟雾
• Smog is a major problem in Athens. 烟雾是雅典的一个主要问题。
• As we flew into the airport, we could see a murky yellow smog hovering over the city. 我们飞进机场时，可以看到灰蒙蒙的黄色烟雾笼罩在城市上空。
fog, smog, mist
这组词都有“雾”的意思，其区别是：
fog: 指较浓的雾。
smog: 指工业区的烟和雾相混而造成的又黑又浓的烟雾。
mist: 指轻雾，气象学上称作霭。
n. [环境] 烟雾
 - vapor, smoke shell

Word: anecdotal
Front: anecdotal
[ˌænɪkˈdəʊtl] (托 10309/15351 -1)
Vocabulary: anecdotal
(once / 10278 pages)
adj
Something anecdotal has to do with anecdotes — little stories. Anecdotal evidence is based on hearsay rather than hard facts.
People like to share stories about things that happened to them, or that they heard about, to make a point. That kind of talk is anecdotal: based on small, personal accounts. Anecdotal stories are helpful when you’re trying to give an example of something, but there's a downside to anecdotal information: since it’s not based on facts, you never know if you can totally trust it. So it's best to go beyond the anecdotal and get more solid information.
WORD FAMILY
anecdotal: anecdotally+/ anecdote: anecdotal, anecdotes, anecdotic, anecdotical, anecdotist/anecdotic: anecdotically/anecdotist: anecdotists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Its prevalence in Africa is unknown, but anecdotally it is thought to be increasing there too.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The following is anecdotal and must be weighted as such.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
But that information would need lots of interpretive work to produce anything more than anecdotal curiosities.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 轶事的; 趣闻的; 多轶事的; 含轶事的
分布：轶事的(62%)，趣闻的(38%)
US [-'doʊ.tˌəl] adjective
■describes information that is not based on facts or careful study 趣闻的，轶事的；传闻的
• anecdotal evidence 趣闻轶事式的证据

Word: tedious
Front: tedious
[ˈti:diəs] (研四六托雅宝 10501/8426 -1)
Vocabulary: tedious
(once / 632 pages)
adj
If something is tedious, it's boring. If you're anxious to get outside and enjoy the sun, even the best lecture will seem tedious.
Tedious is the adjective from tedium, which is both Latin and English for boredom. You ordinarily wouldn't use tedious for people, just things; you might say "His speeches are tedious," but usually not "He is tedious." Something that is tedious could also be called tiresome. Shakespeare's Friar Laurence says "I will be brief, for my short date of breath Is not so long as is a tedious tale."
WORD FAMILY
tedious: tediousest, tediously, tediousness+/ tedium: tedious, tediums
USAGE EXAMPLES
“We automate all the coding, all the tedious work that is not really adding any value,” he said.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The feature-length videos in the show, including meditations on Patty Hearst, the Manson family and the Weather Underground, are variously gory, tedious, compelling and amateurish.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Soon enough, even the good songs became tedious, and I began to resent Bing Crosby and his somnolent phrasing.
Slate(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 单调沉闷的; 冗长乏味的; 令人生厌的
分布：单调乏味的(55%)，沉闷的(45%)
→来自 tedium,冗长。
冗长沉闷的(ted厌倦+ious)[-ious表形容词"…的"]
a.乏味的,单调的,冗长的The diligent teller told a tedious story about the intelligent satellite.勤奋的出纳讲述了一个关于智能卫星的乏味故事.
【参】tedium（n 厌烦；沉闷）
【反】entertaining（adj 愉快的；有趣的）；stimulating（adj 刺激的）；absorbing（adj 吸引人的）
adjective
■boring 单调乏味的，无趣的
• a tedious job 单调乏味的工作
• The trouble is I find most forms of exercise so tedious. 问题是我觉得大多数形式的锻炼都很乏味。
dull, monotonous, tedious, dreary
这组词都有“单调的、乏味的、厌烦的”的意思，其区别是：
dull: 指缺乏鲜明、吸引力或情趣而显得乏味、沉闷。
monotonous: 指没有变化、重复单调的。
tedious: 侧重指文章、演讲、演出等冗长乏味或环境等单调、沉闷，缺乏活力，使感到不舒服。
dreary: 侧重无趣味的，不活泼的事或思想状态。
adj. 沉闷的；冗长乏味的
 - dreary, dreich

Word: customary
Front: customary
[ˈkʌstəməri] (研六雅宝 8505/6451 -1)
Vocabulary: customary
(once / 448 pages)
adj
Something customary is done according to practice. When a bride walks down the aisle, it's customary for everyone at the wedding to rise out of respect.
Every culture has its own customary traditions. In American culture it's customary for a child who loses a tooth to put it under her pillow and wait for the Tooth Fairy to arrive. In Greece, on the other hand, it's customary to throw a child's lost tooth onto the roof for good luck. Customary can also reference habitual things a person does, like taking your shoes off when you come home, or writing in your diary before bed.
WORD FAMILY
customary: customarily+/ custom: customary, customise, customize, customs / customize: customized, customizes, customizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
He rejects even the customary reliance on an eventful plot.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
He will spend Monday doing the customary exit interviews with players.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Bedroom D.J.s without trust funds will struggle to buy one, let alone the customary two.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 习惯的; 通常的; 照惯例的
n. 习惯法; 风俗志
分布：习惯的(70%)，惯例的(30%)
习惯性的[custom=habit,表示"习惯"]
a.习惯的,惯例的It is customary to give people gifts on their birthday.送生日礼物是一种社会风气.
【记】custom（n 风俗；习惯）
US [-mer-] adjective
USUAL
■usual
• She's not her customary cheerful self today. 她今天不像往常那样乐呵呵的。
UK ['kʌs.tə.mər.i] US [-mer-] adjective
TRADITIONAL 传统的
■traditional 传统的
• [+ to infinitive] In my village, it is customary for a girl to take her mother's name. 在我们村，女孩按习俗随母姓。
usual, habitual, regular, conventional, customary
这组词都有“通常的，惯常的”的意思，其区别是：
usual: 普通用词，概念广泛。指经常发生或意料中的事，既可指自然发生的现象，也可指按个人习惯或惯例而做的事。
habitual: 指按个人习惯反复发生的事情。侧重经常性、习惯性。
regular: 着重遵守约定俗成的规则。
conventional: 语气强，指遵守已成习惯的事情，强调符合惯例，由人们普遍认可。
customary: 指特定的个人或群体的平常习惯，或习俗性的行为。
adj. 习惯的；通常的
 - usual, used, common, accustomed

Word: bitterness
Front: bitterness
['bɪtənəs] (六托 8320/6970)
Back: n. 苦味; 痛苦; 悲痛; 酷烈
分布：苦味(59%)，怨恨(33%)，悲痛(8%)
US ['bɪtˌ.ɚ-] noun uncountable
TASTE 味道
■an unpleasantly sharp taste 苦味
UK ['bɪt.ə.nəs] US ['bɪtˌ.ɚ-] noun uncountable
ANGER 愤怒
■a feeling of anger and unhappiness 愤怒，怨恨
• He was full of bitterness after he lost his job. 他丢了工作后，满肚子都是怨恨。
n. 苦味；苦难；怨恨
 - spite, hardship

Word: endow
Front: endow
[ɪnˈdaʊ] (研六托雅宝 9907/8684 -1)
Vocabulary: endow
(once / 328 pages)
v
To endow is to furnish, but not with furniture. If you've been endowed with something, it means you've been given a gift — most likely a gift that can't be returned or exchanged, like a sense of humor or athletic ability or trust.
We usually use endow to refer to an ability or a quality, but you can endow someone with money, too. Endow is related to the word dowry, which is a gift that a man -– or sometimes a woman -– receives from his or her fiancé’s family before the wedding. The practice of giving dowries has fallen out of fashion in most Western countries, but there are still many parts of the world where it's common for the bride's family to provide the groom with an endowment of land and livestock.
WORD FAMILY
endow: endowed, endowing, endowment, endows+/ endowed: unendowed/ endowment: endowments
USAGE EXAMPLES
It would also be unpleasant to discuss whether he is eminently endowed with anything.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
It’s named for steel magnate Andrew Carnegie, who endowed the fund after being inspired by stories of mining disaster rescues.
Seattle Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Syracuse University is establishing the Pearl Washington Endowed Fund for Continuing Education and set a $1 million endowment goal.
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: vt. 捐赠，资助; 赋予，赐予
时态：endowed, endowing, endows
分布：赋予(90%)，捐助(8%)，使具有某种品质(2%)
→en-, 进入，使。-dow, 给予，词源同donate, dowry.
vt.资助,捐赠;(with)给予,赋予The rich alumnus endowed the college with half of his fortune.这富有的校友把一半财产捐赠给了这个大学.
【源】原指寡妇得到的亡夫的产业
【反】divest（v 剥夺）
verb transitive
■to give a large amount of money to pay for creating a college or hospital, etc. or to provide an income for it 向（院校、医院等）捐款，捐赠，资助
• The state of Michigan has endowed three institutes to do research for industry. 密西根州已经向三所研究所提供资助进行产业研究。
• This hospital was endowed by the citizens of Strasbourg in the 16th century. 这所医院是16世纪斯特拉斯堡市民捐建的。
[ɪn'daʊ] verb transitive
be endowed with sth
■to have a particular quality or feature 天生具备，生来具有（某种特性或品质）
• Some lucky people are endowed with both brains and beauty. 一些幸运之人生来就智慧和美貌并存。
• Sardinia is generously endowed with prehistoric sites. 撒丁岛上有很多史前遗址。
⇒ See also well-endowed
confer, present, endow, grant, give, award, accord, bestow
这组词都有“给予，赠给”的意思，其区别是：
confer: 通常指授予称号或学位等。
present: 指正式地给予或授予，通常伴有仪式进行。
endow: 指捐赠大量的钱作基金，也可指给予非物质的东西。
grant: 多指出于慷慨、怜悯或正义感而给予，并且通常是在被请求下给予。
give: 最普通用词，泛指将自己的东西给予他人，所给予的东西，物质或非物质的均可。
award: 通常暗示所给予的东西是接受者应得的，而且给予者往往是具有裁判权力的。
accord: 侧重所给予的是应得的或是恰当的，或是因某种原因而适于接受的。
bestow: 正式用词，指把某物作为礼物赠送于某人，也可作引申用。
vt. 赋予；捐赠；天生具有
 - gift, put

Word: filthy
Front: filthy
[ˈfɪlθi] (托 8696/7085 -1)
Vocabulary: filthy
(once / 891 pages)
1adj 2adj 3adj
Filthy is a dirty word. Sure, you can say it aloud in public, but it means "dirty" — like your dirty laundry pile by the end of the week.
The joy of filthy really lies in the limitless range of its usage. Just about anything can be filthy, not just your dirty socks. You can have filthy living conditions, or wear filthy clothes, but it's also used to refer to something morally or ethically odious, too: "filthy liar," "filthy language," and so on. It can also indicate envy or outrage on the part of the user, as in our favorite use of the word, "filthy rich." Now that's a use of filthy we'd be happy to put up with.
WORD FAMILY
filthy: filthier, filthiest, filthily, filthiness, filthyly+/ filth: filths, filthy /filthiness: filthinesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
“So let’s prepare a gift for the filthy pigs/apes.”
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
The jihadists locked her up in a filthy room with rats and bugs.
Reuters(Dec 21, 2016)
Former inmate Prince - not his real name - described 1735 as "filthy".
BBC(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: adj. 肮脏的，污秽的; 猥亵的，淫秽的; 下流的
级别：filthier, filthiest
分布：肮脏的(59%)，污秽的(28%)，下流的(9%)，卑劣的(4%)
adjective
DIRTY 肮脏的
 ADVANCED
■extremely or unpleasantly dirty 肮脏的；污秽的
• Wash your hands - they're filthy! 去洗手，你的手太脏了！
• Look at this cloth - it's filthy! 看看这块布，太脏了！
• I've never smoked - it's a filthy habit. 我从不吸烟，那是一个极坏的习惯。
• figurative That girl just gave me a filthy look (= looked at me in a very unpleasant, disapproving way). 那个女孩恶狠狠地瞪了我一眼。
• UK He was in a filthy (= a very bad) temper/mood. 他那时候脾气极坏／情绪极糟。
['fɪl.θi] adjective
OFFENSIVE 冒犯性的
■containing sexually offensive words or pictures 下流的，淫秽的，猥亵的
• filthy language 污言秽语
• a filthy joke 下流的笑话
• humorous You've got a filthy mind! 你满脑子淫乱思想！
['fɪl.θi] adverb
filthy dirty
■extremely dirty 极脏；污秽不堪
filthy rich informal
■extremely rich 极有钱，富得流油
adj. 肮脏的；污秽的；猥亵的
 - dirty, salt, grimy

Word: esteem
Front: esteem
[ɪˈsti:m] (研托雅 11271/9623 -2)
Vocabulary: esteem
(once / 215 pages)
1nv 2v
Esteem is all about respect and admiration. If you have high self-esteem, it means you like yourself. When you say, "My esteemed colleagues," you are saying you have nothing but the highest respect for them.
Esteem derives from the same Latin word that gives us estimate, and back in the day, esteem, like estimate meant "to assess, or judge the value of something." That sense lingers today. When you say you hold someone in high esteem, it means you give them a high value. Unless you're a politician, in which case, when you say, "I hold my opponent in high esteem," you are most likely to follow that statement with a big "But...."
WORD FAMILY
esteem: disesteem, esteemed, esteeming, esteems, self-esteem +/disesteem: disesteemed, disesteeming, disesteems
USAGE EXAMPLES
Americans seem to be obsessed with overworking ourselves in an effort to gain social esteem.
Salon(Jan 01, 2017)
And that means recognising that the grievances are about social esteem, not just wages and jobs.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Esteemed birds are just ones that everybody likes.
Slate(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 尊敬，敬重; 认为，以为; 考虑; 估价
n. 尊敬，尊重; 意见，看法; 评价; 名声
时态：esteemed, esteeming, esteems
分布：尊敬(69%)，认为(31%)
→来自拉丁语aestimare, 估计，评估，判定价值，来自aes, 铜，词源同ore, -tim, 砍，切，词源同anatomy. 原指铸造铜币，估计并判定币值，该词义见estimate.同时，引申义尊重，尊敬，即值得一看的，值得考虑的。
(尊敬)[estim=value(价值)]
n.尊敬,尊重vt.尊重,敬重;把...看作He is esteemed for his courage.他因有勇气而受人尊敬.
【反】stigma（n 耻辱）－mark of esteem（尊敬的标志）；odium（n 憎恶；厌恶）；abominate（vt 痛恨；憎恶）
noun uncountable formal
■respect for or a good opinion of someone 尊敬，敬重；好评
• There has been a drop in public esteem for teachers. 大众对教师的尊重程度有所下降。
• Because of their achievements they were held in (= given) (high) esteem. 他们的成就使他们备受尊重。
[ɪ'sti:m] verb transitive not continuous
■to respect someone or have a good opinion of them 尊重；敬重
• Her work is highly esteemed by all her colleagues. 她所有的同事对她的工作都十分推崇。
• [+ obj + noun/adj] old-fashioned I would esteem (= consider) it a favour if you would accompany me. 你要是能陪我，我会感激不尽。
admiration, honour, esteem, regard, respect
这组词都有“尊敬、尊重、敬意”的意思，其区别是：
admiration: 指除表示尊敬外，还常伴随有一种真挚的倾慕之情。
honour: 指对长辈或有地位、有名望、有功劳的人公开表示极大敬意或软佩。
esteem: 除表示尊敬之外，还暗示由此可而产生的称赞。
regard: 最正式用词，中性，与respect和honour近义。
respect: 指对年长、地位较高的人的尊敬，对他人成就、行为或见解等经过仔细评估后而表示尊重，暗示在上述人面前表现谦恭和有礼貌。
honour, esteem, regard, admire, respect
这组词都有“尊重、钦佩”的意思，其区别是：
honour: 侧重指对某人或某物表示极大的敬意。
esteem: 除表示尊敬之外，还暗示由此而产生的称赞。
regard: 最正式用词，中性，含义不很明确，一般需用修饰语加强或明确其意。
admire: 侧重指对某人或某物的仰慕、钦佩，并含欣赏爱慕之情。
respect: 指对人的行为、品德、才华或成就等的仰慕尊重。尤指对年长或地位高的人的尊敬。
vt. 尊敬；认为；考虑；估价
 - assess, honor, expect, evaluate, guess
n. 尊重；尊敬
 - estimation, respect, regard, worship

Word: perpetrate
Front: perpetrate
[ˈpɜ:pətreɪt] (11913/14369 -1)
Vocabulary: perpetrate
(once / 942 pages)
v
It's possible to perpetrate a good deed, but not likely. That's because perpetrate means to commit or be responsible for something — usually something mischievous or bad.
If you manage to slip a whoopee cushion under your teacher's rear without her seeing it, then you've perpetrated a classic prank. But if you use your wily ways to break into the bank's safe, then you've just turned yourself into "a felony-class perpetrator." So do yourself a favor and stick to perpetrating lesser crimes.
WORD FAMILY
perpetrate: perpetrated, perpetrates, perpetrating, perpetration, perpetrator +/perpetration: perpetrations/ perpetrator: perpetrators
USAGE EXAMPLES
They were “engaged in one of the largest and most brazen investment frauds perpetrated on the investing public,” said Brooklyn U.S.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Trump, a Republican, said during the campaign that climate change was a hoax perpetrated by China to damage U.S. manufacturing.
Reuters(Dec 14, 2016)
Republican Trump said during his election campaign that climate change was a hoax perpetrated by China to damage U.S. manufacturing.
Reuters(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: vt. 犯（罪）; 做（恶）
时态：perpetrated, perpetrating, perpetrates
分布：动词(95%)，名词(5%)
→来自拉丁语perpetrare,履行，执行，完成，来自per-,整个的，patrare,执行，实施，来自pater,父亲，词源同father.其字面意思可能是生下小孩，成为父亲。其原义并无感情色情，后用于比喻用法始作俑者，犯罪，做恶。
做坏事;犯罪(per+petr=patr父亲＋ate→以父亲式态度对待别人→专横,做坏事)[per-①表示"贯穿,自始至终"②表示"假,坏"]
【记】per全部，pet宠物，r，ate吃－把全部的宠物吃了－犯罪per全部，pet石头，rate：因为犯罪全部变成石头
【参】petrify（v 石化）
US ['pɝ:-] formal
verb transitive
■to commit a crime, or a violent or harmful act 犯（罪）；施（暴）；做（坏事）
• In Britain, half of all violent crime is perpetrated by people who have been drinking alcohol. 在英国，一半的暴力罪行是酗酒者犯下的。
• Federal soldiers have been accused of perpetrating atrocities against innocent people. 联邦士兵被控对无辜民众做出残暴行为。
vt. 犯（罪）；做（恶）
 - come, faire

Word: inferior
Front: inferior
[ɪnˈfɪəriə(r)] (研四六托雅宝 7505/5966 -2)
Vocabulary: inferior
(once / 233 pages)
1adjn 2adjn 3adj
You might call something inferior if its quality isn't as good as another, comparable thing, like that kite that you can't get to fly no matter how fast you run back and forth while your friend's kite soars overhead.
Besides "lower in quality," another meaning of the adjective inferior is "lower in rank or status," the way a corporal is inferior to a general in the Army. The word inferior can also be used as a noun to mean "a person who is lower in rank or status," in which case you might say to your younger brother, "You are my inferior, therefore you should take out the trash."
WORD FAMILY
inferior: inferiority, inferiorly, inferiors+/ inferiority: inferiorities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Burr is “more cunning than wise . . . inferior in real ability to Jefferson,” Hamilton wrote.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
The play oozed with flair as the Wizards separated themselves early from an inferior opponent.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
As many as 3,000 Herero skulls were sent to Berlin for German scientists to examine for signs that they were of racially inferior peoples.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. （质量等）低劣的; 下级的，下等的; （位置在）下面的; [植]下位的
n. 部下，下属; 次品; 晚辈; [印]下角码
分布：下级(37%)，下级的(18%)，属下(16%)，较低的(13%)，次等的(11%)，不如的(5%)
→来自拉丁语infra,在下面的，低的，词源同nether,-ior,比较级后缀。即更下的，更低的，引申词义低等的。
低下的(infer下面)[-ior表形容词"较…的"]
a.下等的,下级的;劣等的,差的n.下级,晚辈During this serious period, the superior asked the inferior a series of questions about the supermarket.在这段严肃时间内,上级问了下级一连串有关超级市场的问题.
US [-'fɪr.i.ɚ] adjective
■not good, or not as good as someone or something else 差的；比…次的
• These products are inferior to those we bought last year. 这些产品比我们去年买的差些。
• She cited cases in which women had received inferior health care. 她引用了一些妇女得到低劣保健服务的事例。
• It was clear the group were regarded as intellectually/morally/socially inferior. 很明显的是，这个群体被认为在智力／道德水准／社会地位上很低下。
Compare superior specialized
■lower, or of lower rank 低级别的，下级的
• an inferior officer 下级官员
Compare superior
minor, inferior, secondary, subordinate
这组词都有“次等”的意思，其区别是：
minor: a较少的，较小的，较次要的，常含有轻微的但并非不重要的意思。
 • We agreed on everything in the contract, even minor points.   我们对合同中的一切问题，甚至是细枝末节都达成了一致。
inferior: a.次等的，较劣的，差的，当"下级"讲时，强调职位的高低；当"次等"讲时，指素质、质量等的低劣。
 • Most wine from Switzerland is inferior to wine from France.   产于瑞士的葡萄酒多数要比法国的差。
secondary: a.第二等的，次要的，强调在重要性或顺序上处于第二位。
 • My job is of secondary importance to my health.   我的工作比起身体来说不那么重要。
subordinate: a.次要的，从属的，下级的，强调主次地位或支配和隶属的关系。
 • He was always friendly to his subordinate officers.   她对下级官员一向和蔼可亲。
adj. 差的；自卑的； [植] 下级的，下等的
 - junior, lower
n. 下级；次品
 - lessness, subordinate

Word: mammoth
Front: mammoth
[ˈmæməθ] (托宝 11025/14069 -1)
Vocabulary: mammoth
(once / 1714 pages)
nadj
The adjective mammoth is a great way to describe something really, really big, like those huge woolly elephants they’re still finding in the melting glaciers.
The word mammoth is a pretty new one, dating back only to around 1700. It was first only a noun from the Russian word mammot, meaning “earth,” and used to name the newly-discovered fossilized creature that was thought to have burrowed in the earth like a mole. The word, a rare Russian contribution to English, was not used as an adjective until around 1800—notably when President Thomas Jefferson used it to describe a very large cheese.
WORD FAMILY
mammoth: mammothly, mammoths
USAGE EXAMPLES
Thursday for an area around Lake Tahoe stretching south to Mammoth Lakes, California.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The mammoth technology industry confab, formerly the International Consumer Electronics Show, used to be centered on big-screen televisions, appliances and speakers.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
There is also a danger of traders passing off elephant ivory as legal mammoth ivory.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. [动]猛玛（象）; 庞然大物
adj. 庞大的，巨大的
分布：猛犸(49%)，庞大的(19%)，巨大的(16%)，长毛象(16%)
→来自俄罗斯语mammot,可能来自乌拉尔某语言，ma,土，oute,角。因其骷髅化石角插在土里而得名，从而使人们认为其能够像鼹鼠一样打洞而得名。
【记】原指猛犸：一种体形大、有毛且已绝种了的象。Mam妈妈，moth＝mouth嘴：妈妈的嘴－巨大的。
adjective
■extremely large 巨大的；庞大的
• Cleaning up the city-wide mess is going to be a mammoth task. 清扫全市范围内的垃圾将是一项艰巨的任务。
• It's a mammoth undertaking - are you sure you have the resources to cope? 这是一项艰巨的任务——你肯定有能力完成吗？
['mæm.əθ] noun countable
■a type of large elephant covered in hair that had tusks and no longer exists 猛犸（象），毛象（现已绝种）
n. 长毛象； [古生] 猛犸象；庞然大物
 - monolith, leviathan
adj. 巨大的，庞大的；猛犸似的
 - huge, enormous, tremendous, massive, macro

Word: retake
Front: retake
[ˌri:ˈteɪk] (16922/25354 -1)
Back: vt. 再拿; 再取; 重拍（照片、影片等）; 重新（考试等）
n. 电影镜头的重拍; 重考; 补考; 参加重考或补考的人
时态：retook, retaken, retaking, retakes
分布：夺回(50%)，重考(23%)，重拍(14%)，再取(11%)，补拍(2%)
→re-,再，重新，take,拿起，收复。
verb transitive /ˌriːˈteɪk/
(retook, retaken)
EXAMINATION 考试
■to take an examination again because you failed it the first time 补（考）；重新参加（考试）
• to retake your driving test /final exams 重新参加驾照考试／期末考试
verb transitive /ˌriːˈteɪk/
(retook, retaken)
GET BACK 夺回
■to take something such as a place or position into your possession again, often by force, after losing possession of it 收复；夺回
• In the battle to retake the village, over 150 soldiers were killed. 在收复那个村庄的战斗中，150多名士兵阵亡。
• Finally, our team had a chance to retake the lead. 我们球队终于得到机会再次领先。
• The junta tried to retake power in 1999. 军政府于1999年试图重新夺取政权。
verb transitive /ˌriːˈteɪk/
(retook, retaken)
FILM 电影
■to take a photograph or film again 重拍（照片或电影）
noun countable /ˈriː.teɪk/
EXAMINATION 考试
■an examination which you take again because you failed it the first time 补考；重考
• I'm doing my retakes next summer. 我要在明年夏天重新参加考试。
noun countable /ˈriː.teɪk/
FILM 电影
■a part of a film that must be photographed again to change or improve it 重拍；重录
• It took seven retakes to get the scene exactly right. 这个场景重拍了七次才完全达到要求。
vt. 再取；重拍；补考
 - swat
n. 重考；重新摄录；重新摄录的照片或录音
 - reexamination

Word: rhetorical
Front: rhetorical
[rɪˈtɒrɪkl] (7493/10258 -1)
Vocabulary: rhetorical
(once / 2162 pages)
adj
If you ask a rhetorical question it means you don’t necessarily expect an answer, but you do want an occasion to talk about something.
Rhetoric is the art of written or spoken communication. If you went to school a hundred years ago, your English class would have been called Rhetoric. But nowadays if we say something is rhetorical, we usually mean that it’s only good for talking. If you speak beautifully about carpentry but can’t ever actually build a cabinet, we might say you have lots of rhetorical flare, but very little real skill.
WORD FAMILY
rhetorical: rhetorically, unrhetorical+/ rhetoric: rhetorical, rhetorician, rhetorics/rhetorician: rhetoricians/unrhetorical: unrhetorically
USAGE EXAMPLES
But what of that middle word, the meat in this rhetorical sandwich?
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
Asked about comparisons between his and Trump’s freewheeling rhetorical style and economic message, Biden seemed cautious to avoid directly criticizing the president-elect.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
The Jamaican-born poet writes a learned, lofty, rhetorical kind of poetry, a little like Tennyson.
The New Yorker(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 修辞的，修辞学的; 辞藻华丽的，虚夸的; 夸张的（文风）
分布：修辞的(63%)，修辞学的(30%)，词藻华丽的(7%)
→来自 rhetor,演说家，修辞学者。比喻用法。
US [-'tɔ:r.ɪ-] adjective
■describes speech or writing which is intended to seem important or influence people 词藻华丽的；浮夸的；修辞的
• repetition, that tedious rhetorical device 重覆——枯燥乏味的修辞伎俩
adj. 修辞的；修辞学的；夸张的
 - theatrical, hyperbolic

Word: symbolism
Front: symbolism
[ˈsɪmbəlɪzəm] (托 9014/9803 -1)
Vocabulary: symbolism
(once / 1905 pages)
n
When you come across objects in a painting or story that stand for a concept, the artist or author is using symbolism to convey ideas.
If a particular object keeps popping up at key points in a story, chances are the author is using symbolism to convey an idea or emotion. In the Aesop fable, The Fox and the Grapes, the grapes symbolize things too difficult for someone to attain or achieve. Sometimes people use symbolism in real life. If the president meets a dignitary in the Oval Office, the symbolism of the location says, "I take you especially seriously."
WORD FAMILY
symbolism: symbolisms, symbolist+/ symbol: symbolic, symbolical, symbolise, symbolism, symbolize, symbolling, symbols/ symbolic: symbolically, unsymbolic/symbolisation: symbolisations/symbolise: symbolisation, symbolised, symboliser, symbolises, symbolising/symbolist: symbolists/symbolization: symbolizations/ symbolize: symbolization, symbolized, symbolizer, symbolizes, symbolizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some of those traditions live on today, as rings, necklaces and bangles continue to convey a great deal of symbolism.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
No one should underestimate the symbolism of Mr. Abe’s pilgrimage.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 26, 2016)
But in this case, the symbolism of the site ran even deeper.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 象征主义，象征手法; 符号使用; 象征主义; [宗]符号象征
分布：象征(74%)，象征主义(25%)，符号化(1%)
→symbol,象征，-ism,主义，思想。
noun uncountable
■the use of symbols in art, literature, films, etc. to represent ideas 象征手法
• Religious symbolism is very characteristic of the paintings of this period. 宗教象征手法是这个时期绘画的重要特征。
■specialized
■a type of art and literature which began in the late nineteenth century and which tries to express ideas or states of mind rather than represent reality, using the power of words and images （文学和艺术中的）象征主义 Compare Naturalism ; realism ; Expressionism
n. 象征，象征主义；符号论；记号
 - marks, significant, indication

Word: underperform
Front: underperform
[ˌʌndəpəˈfɔ:m] None
Back: v. 表现不佳，工作不如预期（或同行），（股票等）运作差于（一般市场价格）
时态：underperformed, underperforming, underperforms
分布：表现不佳(76%)，表演(12%)，运作差(12%)

Word: bait
Front: bait
[beɪt] (研六托雅宝 6346/8124 -2)
Vocabulary: bait
(once / 617 pages)
1nv 2v
People who go fishing aren’t the only ones to use bait. When you hold a yard sale, place your best stuff closest to the sidewalk — to serve as bait. Bait can be anything from the worms that hide a hook to a stereo that tempts shoppers to stop and browse.
Bait can also mean the act of getting someone or something to do what you want. For generations, students have baited their teachers into wasting class time with a question about a personal interest or obsession: “This talk about integers is very fascinating, Mr. Green, but what do you think about last night’s Penguins game?” Bait comes from the Old Norse, word beita — “to cause to bite.” Asking Mr. Green what other Viking words he knows might be interesting, and provide bait for his next off-topic musing.
WORD FAMILY
bait: baited, baiting, baits+/baiting: baitings
USAGE EXAMPLES
People wouldn’t be baiting him into racial arguments at the flea market.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
And to catch them, they offered themselves up as bait.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
White bass are fair on blade baits along main lake bluffs.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 饵，诱饵; 诱惑; （路上的）休息（或进食）
vt. 置诱饵于…; 引诱; 纵犬袭击（野兽）; 折磨
vi. 中途休息
时态：baited, baiting, baits
分布：饵(86%)，引诱(9%)，中途休息(3%)，逗弄(1%)，以饵引诱(1%)
→词源同bite , 咬。诱使鱼咬钩或狗咬人。
n.饵,引诱物vt.用饵引诱;折磨,奚落The traitor in strait straight forwardly told me the traits of the bait.在向前直的海峡里的卖国贼告诉我饵的特性.
【记】从上图找一种用诱饵逗弄小鱼的感觉。
【反】disarm（vt 缓和）；mollify（v 平息）
noun
FISH/ANIMAL 鱼／动物
uncountable
■a small amount of food on a hook (= curved piece of wire) or in a special device used to attract and catch a fish or animal 饵
• They were digging up worms to use for bait. 他们在挖虫子制饵。
• We put down some poisoned bait to kill the rats. 我们放了一些毒饵灭鼠。
[beɪt] noun
OFFER 提供
countable or uncountable
■something that is said or offered to people in order to make them react in a particular way 诱惑物，招徕
• Free holidays were offered as (a) bait to customers. 以免费渡假来吸引顾客。
• I told my sister I'd lend her my new shirt if she let me borrow her jacket, but she didn't take the bait. 我跟姐姐说，如果她能把夹克借给我，我就把新衬衫借给她，可是她不为所动。
[beɪt] verb transitive
MAKE ANGRY 使生气
■to intentionally make a person angry by saying or doing things to annoy them 激怒；故意惹恼
• Ignore him - he's just baiting you. 别理他——他存心惹你生气呢。
• I suspect he was just baiting me. 我怀疑他只是在故意激我。
[beɪt] verb transitive
DOG 狗
■to make dogs attack an animal for cruel entertainment 纵犬袭击（动物）
• In the past, bear- baiting was a common form of entertainment in Britain. 从前，纵狗袭击熊在英国是一种常见的娱乐方式。
[beɪt] verb transitive
FISH/ANIMAL 鱼／动物
■to put food on a hook (= curved piece of wire) or in a special device to attract and catch a fish or animal 把饵装到…上
• Have you got any stale cheese that I can bait the mousetrap with ? 你有没有已经变味的起司？我想放在捕鼠器上作饵。
vt. 引诱；在…中放诱饵；折磨
 - harry, worry, trouble, tear, induce
n. 饵；诱饵
 - gentle, lure

Word: unused
Front: unused
[ˌʌnˈju:zd] (10381/8412 -1)
Back: adj. 未用过的; 不用的，空着的; 不习惯的; 无经验的
分布：未用过的(59%)，不习惯的(41%)
adjective
NOT USED 未用的 /ʌn'ju:zd/
■not being used at present, or never having been used 闲置的；未用过的
• You might as well take your father's car - there's no point in having it sit there unused in the garage. 你不妨开你父亲的车——没道理让它闲置在车库里。
adjective
NOT FAMILIAR 不熟悉的
be unused to sth]ʌn'ju:st/
■to not be familiar with a particular habit or experience 对…不习惯；对…不熟悉
• If you're unused to exercise your joints may ache the next day. 如果你不经常运动，明天就可能会觉得关节痛。
• I'm unused to getting up so early. 我不习惯这么早起床。
adj. 不用的；从未用过的
 - left-off

Word: bourgeois
Front: bourgeois
[ˈbʊəʒwɑ:] (六宝 9071/5850 -1)
Vocabulary: bourgeois
(once / 1351 pages)
adjn
The adjective bourgeois means relating to or typical of the middle class. If someone says, "Oh, how bourgeois!" it's probably an insult, meaning you're preoccupied with middle-class small-mindedness.
As a noun, a bourgeois is a member of the middle class, originally a member of the middle class in France. The word was borrowed from French, from Old French burgeis "citizen of a town," from borc "town, village," from Latin burgus "fortress, castle." The derived word bourgeoisie "the middle class" is a later borrowing from French.
WORD FAMILY
bourgeois: bourgeoises
USAGE EXAMPLES
But the doting motherhood Clark displayed was considered a bourgeois indulgence.
New York Times(Jan 12, 2012)
And the White House is a tad bourgeois in an Epcot-y sort of way.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Valls was born in Barcelona, the son of a bourgeois Catalan painter and a Swiss Italian mother.
The Guardian(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: adj. 资产阶级的，资本家的; 商人根性的，市侩的; 无教养的，鄙俗的; 贪图享受的
n. 有产者，资产阶级; 中产阶级的人; 业主，店主; [印]〈古〉九点活字
分布：资产阶级的(74%)，中产阶级的(15%)，中产阶级的人(6%)，资产阶级的人(3%)，追求名利的(2%)
→bourg, 城镇，同burg. 指城市居住的人。
【记】源于：bourg（n 中世纪靠近城堡的村庄）那里盛产hamburg（n 汉堡包），被认为是中产阶级的食品。
US ['bʊrʒ-] disapproving
adjective
■belonging to or typical of the middle class (= a social group between the rich and the poor) especially in supporting existing customs and values, or in having a strong interest in money and possessions 中产阶级的；追求物质享受的；世俗的
• It's a bit bourgeois, isn't it, joining a golf club? 参加高尔夫球俱乐部有点庸俗，不是吗？
n. 资本家；九点活字；中产阶级的人；追求物质享受和社会地位者
 - capital
adj. 资产阶级的；中产阶级的；贪图享受的
 - middle-class

Word: devastation
Front: devastation
[ˌdevəˈsteɪʃn] (托 9119/11134 -1)
Vocabulary: devastation
(once / 2062 pages)
n
When there's devastation, there's terrible destruction. You can see the devastation from a violent hurricane and feel devastation over all the people that were injured.
When a natural disaster causes widespread death and destruction, that's devastation. This is a strong word that suggests serious damage has occurred, leaving almost nothing left. One knocked over car isn't devastation, but a whole town being wiped out is. People can also feel devastation — it's a kind of extreme sadness or state of feeling emotionally wrecked.
WORD FAMILY
devastation: devastations+/ devastate: devastated, devastates, devastating, devastation / devastating: devastatingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The remains of the boat were towed back to Jakarta, where images showed the devastation caused by the blaze.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
He said it aimed to mobilize public opinion “in the face of the devastation of unique heritage.”
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
And when some of Ben’s choices lead to disastrous consequences, the nakedness of his devastation is painful to watch.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 毁坏; 荒废; 极度震惊或悲伤
分布：大面积破坏(60%)，极度震惊或悲伤(40%)
noun uncountable
DAMAGE 损害
■damage and destruction 毁灭性的，破坏性极大的
• If disease is allowed to spread, it will cause widespread devastation. 如果疾病蔓延开来，将造成大范围的灾难性后果。
• The storm left behind it a trail of devastation. 风暴过后，留下了一片狼藉。
[ˌdev.ə'steɪ.ʃən] noun uncountable
STRONG FEELING 强烈感觉
■feeling very shocked or upset 极度惊骇；（感情上的）重创
• She had a look of utter devastation on her face. 她脸上露出一副受到沉重打击的样子。
n. 毁坏，荒废
 - demolition, disruption

Word: keyboard
Front: keyboard
[ 'kiːbɔːd] (中高研四六托 5541/5374 -K2)
Vocabulary: keyboard
(once / 2339 pages)
1n 2n
What do pianos and computers have in common? They both have keyboards! A computer keyboard has numbers and letters, but a piano keyboard has musical notes. The keyboard is the part that you press with your fingers.
Besides the rockin’ keyboard of a synthesizer, piano, or organ, there is also the computer keyboard. This keyboard is used for typing, with the earliest examples being the keyboards on typewriters. Occasionally, the word keyboard is used as a verb, meaning "to type on keyboard." It’s also, literally, a board with little hooks to hang the other kind of keys on. The musical instrument meaning came first, around 1819.
WORD FAMILY
keyboard: keyboardist, keyboards+/keyboardist: keyboardists
USAGE EXAMPLES
We see Prince’s microphone and keyboards in the control room.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Gerstein’s recording is an admirable achievement, but it does not quite transcend Liszt’s keyboard acrobatics to reach a higher plane of musical expression.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
This news caused an Internet meltdown as people around the world raced to their keyboards to type: “Who is Meghan Markle?”
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: 开头板
分布：键盘(98%)，用键盘输入(2%)
→key,键，board,板。
n.键盘vt.用键盘输入(信息)The roaring oar hit the coarse keyboard on the cupboard aboard the boat.轰鸣的桨击中了船上碗柜上的粗糙键盘.
US [-bɔ:rd] noun countable
■the set of keys on a computer or typewriter that you press in order to make it work, or the row of keys on a musical instrument such as a piano （电脑、打字机等的）键盘
■an electronic musical instrument similar to a piano （电子）键盘乐器
UK ['ki:.bɔ:d] US [-bɔ:rd] verb intransitive or transitive
■to put information into a computer using a keyboard 操作键盘输入（讯息）
n. [计] 键盘
 - keyset, key panel, klavier
vt. 键入；用键盘式排字机排字
 - key in

Word: fairy
Front: fairy
[ˈfeəri] (研 6368/5646 -2)
Vocabulary: fairy
(once / 202 pages)
1n 2n
A fairy is a mythical, magical creature. Most fairies in stories are described as looking like tiny humans with wings.
Fairies show up in fables, myths, and fairy tales, usually as kind and lovely creatures with magical powers, although sometimes fairies are mischievous or even spiteful. In the folklore of Ireland, Scotland, and Wales, a fairy was actually a malicious spirit. The earliest spelling was faerie, which meant both "the home of supernatural creatures" and "something incredible or fictitious," from the Latin fata, "the Fates."
WORD FAMILY
fairy: fairies
USAGE EXAMPLES
“People like to believe in fairy tales,” she says.
New York Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Throughout “Jackie,” we feel her discomfort at playing a starring role in an American fairy tale turned nightmare.
Washington Times(Nov 29, 2016)
The team, from the small city of Chapeco, was in the middle of a fairy tale season.
Washington Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 仙女; 小仙子; 小精灵
adj. 美丽的，可爱的; 仙女似的
分布：仙女(81%)，小精灵(10%)，幻想中的(4%)，优雅的(3%)，虚构的(2%)
→来自bha, 说，预测，词源同fable, fate. -ry, 地名后缀。原指有预测能力的仙子或精灵所在之地，后泛指仙子。用于俚语男同性恋。
a.幻想中的;虚构的;优雅的n.仙女;精灵She is a fairy.她是个漂亮的姑娘.
US ['fer.i] noun countable
IMAGINARY CREATURE 想像中的生物
 ADVANCED
■an imaginary creature with magical powers, usually represented as a very small person with wings 小仙子，小精灵
• Do you believe in fairies? 你相信有小仙子吗？
• She used to think there were fairies at the bottom of her garden. 她曾经以为她的花园深处有小精灵。
be away with the fairies humorous
■to behave in a way that is slightly strange 行为举止有点奇怪
• It's no good asking her to look after the children - she's away with the fairies most of the time. 她这人有点怪，让她照顾孩子不好。
UK ['feə.ri] US ['fer.i] noun countable
HOMOSEXUAL 同性恋的 old-fashioned offensive
■a homosexual man 兔子（男同性恋者）
n. 仙女，小精灵；漂亮姑娘
 - elf, little people
adj. 仙女的
 - faerie

Word: incidence
Front: incidence
[ˈɪnsɪdəns] (研六托雅宝 5847/3906 -1)
Vocabulary: incidence
(once / 4478 pages)
1n 2n
Incidence means the frequency with which something bad occurs. You’ll hear of “incidences of cancer” or “incidences of war." You hope the incidence is decreasing, not increasing.
You might confuse incidence and incident. They sound similar, but incident refers only to something that happened, not to the frequency with which it happens. After a car accident, the police file an incident report, which is a fancy way of saying they write down what happened. Looking at these reports grouped together can show you if the incidence of accidents at specific intersections in town is on the rise.
WORD FAMILY
incidence: incidences+/ incident: incidence, incidental, incidently, incidents/ incidental: incidentally, incidentals
USAGE EXAMPLES
Therefore, “the incidence of Parkinson’s disease” in the study “appears to be lower than in the general U.S. population,” Syngenta says.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
However, neuromuscular training changed that calculus, he continued, dropping the likely incidence of the injuries to about 1.5 percent of the athletes.
New York Times(Mar 19, 2014)
Transgender physicists reported the highest incidence of discrimination.
Nature(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 发生率; 影响范围; [数]关联，接合; [物]入射，入射角
分布：入射(100%)
→来自incident,偶发事件，发生。引申词义发生率。
n.影响程度,影响范围;发生率What is the incidence of the tax?该税由谁负担?
【记】in进入，cid落，ence－事情刚掉进来－发生
【区】accident（n 意外事件；事故）
['ɪnt.sɪ.dənts] formal
noun countable usually singular
■an event, or the rate at which something happens 事件；（事件的）发生率
• There have been quite a few incidences of bullying in the school this year. 今年该校发生了好几次欺凌弱小的事件。
• an increased incidence of cancer near nuclear power stations 核电站附近的较高的癌症发病率
n. 发生率；影响； [光] 入射；影响范围
 - infection, impression, effect, influence, affection

Word: outlay
Front: outlay
[ˈaʊtleɪ] (14087/11488 -1)
Back: n. 花费; 费用
vt. 花费
分布：费用(47%)，花费(34%)，开支(19%)
noun countable
■an amount of money spent for a particular purpose, especially as a first investment in something （尤指用于第一次投资的）开支，费用
• For an initial outlay of £2000 to buy the equipment, you should be earning up to £500 a month if the product sells well. 买这套设备首笔花费为2000英镑，要是产品卖得好，你每月可以赚得500英镑。
vt. 花费
 - invested, cost, spend, expend
n. 经费；支出； [会计] 费用
 - expenditure, fee, charge, cost

Word: kindly
Front: kindly
[ˈkaɪndli] (10654/5999 -K2)
Back: adv. 亲切地; 友好地; 诚恳地，衷心地; （用作请求时的礼貌用语或把命令说成请求的反语）请
adj. 厚道的，亲切的; 温和的，宜人的; 〈古〉自然的
级别：kindlier, kindliest
分布：温和的(32%)，和蔼的(24%)，亲切地(22%)，温和地(12%)，爽快的(10%)
adverb
 ADVANCED
■in a kind way 仁慈地；友好地；大方地
• Stella has very kindly offered to help out with the food for the party. 斯特拉很友善，主动提出帮忙准备派对的食物。
■old-fashioned formal
■used when asking someone to do something, especially when you are annoyed with them but still want to be polite （尤指恼怒时尽量表示礼貌）请，劳驾
• You are kindly requested to leave the building. 请你离开这间房子。
['kaɪnd.li] adverb
not take kindly to sth
■to not like something 不乐意，不喜欢
• After years of being looked after by his mother, he didn't take kindly to being told to cook for himself. 在被母亲照料多年后，被告知要自已做饭，他很不乐意。
['kaɪnd.li] adjective old-fashioned
■A kindly person or action is a kind one 仁慈的；和蔼的；友好的
• a kindly old lady 和蔼可亲的老妇人
adv. 亲切地；温和地；仁慈地
 - gently, friendly, soft, warmly
adj. 亲切的；和蔼的；体贴的；爽快的
 - nice, friendly, sweet, benign, thoughtful

Word: periodically
Front: periodically
[ˌpɪərɪ'ɒdɪklɪ] (雅 7046/9640)
Back: adv. 周期性地; 定期地，偶尔
分布：周期性地(50%)，定期地(50%)
US [ˌpɪr.i'ɑ:.dɪ-] adverb
■at regular intervals 周期性地，定期地
• The equipment should be tested periodically. 设备应该定期接受检测。
adv. 定期地；周期性地；偶尔；间歇
 - regularly, termly

Word: peel
Front: peel
[pi:l] (研四六雅宝 3920/6496 -2)
Vocabulary: peel
(once / 1101 pages)
nv
A peel is the covering of a fruit or vegetable. Some peels are thick and easy to remove, like an orange peel, while others might be more stubborn, like the thin peel on a potato.
When you remove an apple peel or the peel of an eggplant, you peel it. You can peel anything with a rind or skin, especially things you can eat, like shrimp and onions. There are non-edible things to peel, like stickers and old wallpaper too. You can also figuratively peel something: "I had to peel off my wet clothes and put dry ones on before I stopped shivering." The Latin root, pilare, means "to strip of hair."
WORD FAMILY
peel: peeled, peeler, peeling, peels+/peeler: peelers/peeling: peelings
USAGE EXAMPLES
There he developed a disease that caused layers of his skin to peel off.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
A lot of times, ends peel and it’s either incomplete or we get it to the back on an end.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
But he added that “we’re starting to peel back some of the layers of the onion here.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: vt. 剥皮; 覆盖层脱落，剥落
vi. 剥落; 脱落; 揭掉; 表面起皮
n. 果皮，蔬菜皮; 长柄木铲; [英史]堡寨，堡宅
时态：peeled, peeling, peels
分布：果皮(55%)，剥落(23%)，削皮(10%)，脱皮(6%)，脱衣服(6%)
→来自古法语pel,皮，皮肤，果皮，来自拉丁语pellis,皮，皮肤，果皮，词源同film,pelt.
v.削皮,剥皮n.果皮These potatoes don't peel easily.这些土豆的皮很难剥.
【记】peel原指削去头发，引申为削皮
verb
FOOD 食物
 ADVANCED transitive
■to remove the skin of fruit and vegetables 除去，剥去（水果、蔬菜的）皮
• Peel, core and chop the apples. 把苹果去皮、去核并剁碎。
[pi:l] verb
COVERING 覆盖物
intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep]
■If a layer or covering peels, it slowly comes off, and if you peel a layer or covering, you remove it slowly and carefully （表层）脱落，剥落；剥去（表层），剥去…的壳
• We peeled the wallpaper off the walls. 我们把壁纸从墙上撕了下来。
• Peel off the backing strip and press the label down firmly. 撕下背垫条，将标签用力下压。
• The posters were peeling away from the damp walls. 海报正从潮湿的墙面脱落。
• The new paint is already starting to crack and peel. 新漆已经开始出现裂纹并脱落。
[pi:l] verb
BODY 身体
intransitive
■If you peel, or part of your body or your skin peels, parts of the top layer of your skin comes off because you are burnt from being in the sun （皮肤因日晒而）脱皮，蜕皮
• My back is peeling. 我的背在脱皮。
[pi:l] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  peel away/off
■When separate vehicles, people or animals peel away/off, they leave the group or structure they were part of and move away in a different direction （车辆、人或动物）离队，离群
• One motorbike peeled away from the formation and circled round behind the rest. 一辆摩托车脱离了车队，在其他车后面绕行。
[pi:l] noun uncountable
■the skin of fruit and vegetables, especially after it has been removed （尤指水果和蔬菜被削掉的）外皮
• apple peel 苹果皮
• potato peel 马铃薯皮
• The dessert was decorated with strips of lemon peel. 甜点上有些切成丝状的柠檬皮以作装饰。
• What shall I do with the peel? 这些皮我该如何处理？
hide, fur, peel, leather, skin
这组词都有“皮，皮肤”的意思，其区别是：
hide: 多指大型动物的厚皮，也指没有鞣的牛、马等皮革。
fur: 现多指猫、兔等动物软毛皮，也指其它动物的毛皮。
peel: 指剩下的或可以剥去的果皮或蔬菜皮。
leather: 通常指经过加工的熟皮，可用于制作各种皮革制品。
skin: 最常用词，指人的皮肤或动物的皮，也可指水果、植物和种子等的外皮。
v. 剥，剥落；削
 - flake off, shell off
n. [植] 皮
 - fur, tegument

Word: principally
Front: principally
[ˈprɪnsəpli] (六 10478/5677 -1)
Back: adv. 主要地，大部分
分布：主要地(100%)
→来自principal,主要的，最重要的，-ly,副词后缀。
adverb
■mainly 主要地
• The advertising campaign is aimed principally at women. 广告大战主要瞄准了女性。
principally, mainly, generally, largely, chiefly, primarily, mostly, greatly
这组词都有“主要地，大量地”的意思，其区别是：
principally: 侧重居首要地位。
mainly: 指主要部分，突出在一系列事物中的相对重要性。
generally: 通常强调普遍性。
largely: 着重范围或分量大大超过别的成分。
chiefly: 侧重某人或某物在众多的人或物中占主要和显著地位。
primarily: 侧重基本地，首要地。
mostly: 强调数量占多半，近乎全部。
greatly: 通常强调程度的高。
adv. 主要地；大部分
 - largely, basically, mainly, mostly, primarily

Word: saloon
Front: saloon
[səˈlu:n] (10447/7303 -1)
Vocabulary: saloon
(once / 509 pages)
1n 2n
A saloon is an old-fashioned name for a bar or a tavern. Suggest meeting at the local saloon after work and your friends might give you a funny look, but they'll know what you mean.
A saloon is a place to sit drink a beer, though it's much more common these days to call it a bar or a pub. In the Old West, saloons played a huge role, providing refreshment to prospectors, trappers, and cowboys. The word comes from the French salon, and it originally had the same meaning, "living room." Later, saloon meant "hall," especially one on a boat or a train. In 1800's America, it came to mean "public house or bar."
WORD FAMILY
saloon: saloons
USAGE EXAMPLES
Prohibitionist Carry Nation, who used a hatchet to wreck saloons in Topeka and Wichita, spent time in the rotary jail in Wichita, Bayens said.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Dancers create animals, flowers, trains and even a Western-style saloon.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
At last, we pushed through the double-swing doors and stepped into the saloon.
The New Yorker(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 大厅; 酒吧，酒馆; 展览场，公共大厅; 大轿车
分布：酒吧(48%)，大厅(26%)，沙龙(17%)，大轿车(9%)
→来自 salon 拼写变体，词义偏向于指娱乐场所，如酒吧，交谊厅等。
noun countable
CAR 轿车 UK (US sedan)
■a car with seats for four or five people, two or four doors, and a separate section at the back for bags, boxes and cases 三厢式四门（或双门）轿车，小轿车
• a family saloon 家用小轿车
[sə'lu:n] noun countable
BAR 酒吧
■a public bar, especially in the past in the western United States （尤指旧时美国西部的）酒馆
n. 酒吧；大厅；展览场；公共大厅；大会客室
 - wine bar, taproom

Word: ruinous
Front: ruinous
[ˈru:ɪnəs] (托雅 21114/19475)
Back: adj. <书> 耗资巨大的; 无法承担的; 破坏性的; 导致严重问题的
分布：破坏性的(79%)，零落的(14%)，招致毁减的(7%)
adjective formal
■causing great harm and destruction 毁灭性的，破坏性的，灾难性的
• ten ruinous years of terrorism 笼罩在恐怖主义阴影下的灾难性的十年
adj. 破坏性的，毁灭性的；零落的
 - fell, destructive

Word: annuity
Front: annuity
[əˈnju:əti] (雅 12850/17018 -1)
Vocabulary: annuity
(once / 2248 pages)
n
An annuity is money that comes from an investment and is paid out regularly over a fixed period of time. You can buy an insurance policy that is an annuity, or you can choose an annuity as one of your retirement fund options.
The noun annuity is from the Latin word annus, meaning "year." Indeed, annuities typically pay out on a year basis, although other terms are possible. If you win a large amount of money in the lottery, you can usually choose to take a lump-sum payment or smaller payments paid every year over some term, like 20 or 25 years. Figuring out which payment plan is best for you would be a nice problem to have!
WORD FAMILY
annuity: annuities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Many, in better times, sold annuities with guaranteed annual returns of 3-4%.
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
Prosecutors say Griffin sold a financial product called “the 54 Freedom Charitable Gift Annuity.”
Washington Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Massachusetts' top financial regulator on Thursday charged an investment adviser and his employer, LPL Financial LLC, with having fraudulently sold annuities to retirees.
Reuters(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 年金; 养老金; 年金享受权; 年金保险投资
分布：年金(78%)，养老金(14%)，年金保险(8%)
年金;养老金(annu+ity每年的东西→年金)[ann,enn=year,表示"年,一年"]
US [-tˌi] noun countable
■a fixed amount of money paid to someone every year, usually until their death, or the insurance agreement or investment which provides the money that is paid （通常指一直付到某人死亡的）年金；年金保险；年金保险投资
• annuity policy/income 年金保险单／收入
• She receives a small annuity. 她每年得到一笔微薄的年金。
n. [劳经] 年金，养老金；年金保险；年金享受权
 - rente, old-age pension

Word: blip
Front: blip
[blɪp] (14928/18830 -1)
Back: n. [电子学]尖峰信号，尖头信号; 短促而尖锐的声音; （统计数字的）上下浮动; 雷达的可视信号
vi. 发哔哔声; 发信号; （雷达等屏幕上）出现光点; 出现波动
分布：尖音信号(100%)
→拟声词。
noun countable
■a small spot of light, sometimes with a short sharp sound, that appears on a radar screen, or a sudden sharp V-shaped bend in a line on a computer screen （雷达萤幕上的）光点；（电脑萤幕上的）
■a temporary change that does not have any special meaning 暂时的改变，临时的变化
• Last month's rise in inflation was described by the chancellor as only a blip. 财政大臣认为上个月通货膨胀的加剧只是暂时的。

Word: agitate
Front: agitate
[ˈædʒɪteɪt] (研托宝 12134/13895 -1)
Vocabulary: agitate
(once / 179 pages)
1v 2v
Agitate means to stir up. If you watch a horror movie at bedtime, you may be too agitated to sleep. Movies like that can agitate all sorts of adrenaline responses in the body.
Agitate derives from a Latin word that means "to drive away." The meaning has changed, but you can see where old meets new—a washing machine agitates dirty clothes in warm soapy water to drive away the dirt. You agitate or shake up salad dressing to mix it, driving the oil away into the vinegar.
WORD FAMILY
agitate: agitated, agitates, agitating, agitation, agitative, agitator+/ agitated: agitatedly, unagitated/agitating: agitatingly/ agitation: agitations/agitator: agitators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Yeah, when he becomes agitated lights flash and bad guys are hurtled into the air.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The right defended the status quo; the left agitated to overthrow or at least ameliorate it.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
You will not need to worry and to fight and to agitate.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 搅动，摇动; 使不安; 激烈讨论
vi. 鼓动，煽动
时态：agitated, agitating, agitates
分布：煽动(52%)，搅动(39%)，焦虑(9%)
→来自词根ag, 做。此处指做坏事。
鼓动;搅动(ag+itate表动作→反复作→鼓动)[ag=do,act,表示"做,代理做"]
v.摇动(液体);使焦虑不安;困扰;鼓动She was agitated by the bad news.坏消息使她的心绪很乱.
verb
MAKE LESS CALM 使担忧
transitive
■to make someone feel anxious or angry 使焦虑；使躁动不安
• I didn't want to agitate her by telling her. 我不想告诉她，免得她焦虑。
['ædʒ.ɪ.teɪt] verb
ARGUE 争论
intransitive
■to argue forcefully, especially in public, in order to achieve a particular type of change （尤指公开）煽动，鼓动，大声疾呼
• The unions continue to agitate for higher pay. 工会继续大声疾呼要求加薪。
• As a young man, he had agitated against the Vietnam war. 他年轻时曾鼓动反对越南战争。
['ædʒ.ɪ.teɪt] verb
SHAKE 摇动
transitive specialized
■to shake a liquid 摇动；搅动
• Pour the powder into the solution and agitate it until the powder has dissolved. 将粉末倒入溶液中，搅动到溶解为止。
upset, perturb, agitate, disturb
这组词都有“使不安，使心烦意乱”的意思，其区别是：
upset: 最普通，最通俗用词，侧重失去精神上的平静，心理上完全丧失平衡。
perturb: 书面语用词，指使人焦急烦恼，扰得心情不安。
agitate: 侧重指内心的焦虑，难于控制，表露于外。
disturb: 指因某人的行动、扰乱、妨碍安静等而使人不得安宁。
vt. 摇动；骚动；使…激动
 - rock, shake
vi. 煽动
 - blow the coals, stir up

Word: voltage
Front: voltage
[ˈvəʊltɪdʒ] (研四六托雅 9759/5896 -1)
Vocabulary: voltage
(once / 6892 pages)
n
Voltage is a measure of electrical energy. If you've got a high-voltage personality, people may use another electrical metaphor and describe you as "a live wire."
Someone calculates voltage by determining the difference in electrical charge between two points in a circuit. When you travel, you'll want to make sure you bring along adapters to plug into the various sorts of electrical outlets you'll encounter around the world. Your chargers and all your electrical gear should have dual voltage capability, so they can work on electrical currents of 100 volts to 240 volts.
WORD FAMILY
voltage: voltages
USAGE EXAMPLES
Neither Nicolas Chartier, founder of Voltage, nor a lawyer who represented Voltage’s parent companies in the transaction immediately replied to emailed requests for comment.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 22, 2016)
Then, in January, Nasa announced that Peake would step outside the space station to help repair a failed voltage regulator.
BBC(Dec 21, 2016)
The group performed for the last time at the High Voltage Rock Festival in London in 2010.
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 电压，伏特数
分布：电压(100%)
→来自volt,电伏。
n.电压
US ['voʊl.ɪdʒ] noun countable or uncountable
■the force of an electric current, measured in volts 电压；伏特数
• high/low voltages 高／低电压
n. [电] 电压
 - electric tension, electrical pressure

Word: chime
Front: chime
[tʃaɪm] (12925/16011 -1)
Back: vt. & vi. 敲出和谐的乐声; 报时; 机械地重复; 合节奏
n. 合奏钟声，钟乐; 谐音，韵律; 和谐; [航]甲板上的沟
时态：chimed, chiming, chimes
分布：钟(53%)，鸣(31%)，打(9%)，和协(7%)
→来自拉丁词cymbalum,词源同cymbal.
verb intransitive or transitive
■(of bells) to make a clear ringing sound （铃或钟）敲，鸣，响
• In the square the church bells chimed. 广场上教堂的钟声敲响了。
[tʃaɪm] verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  chime in informal
■to interrupt or speak in a conversation, usually to agree with what has been said 插话，插嘴（通常表示赞同）
• "It's very difficult, " I said. "Impossible, " she chimed in. 我说：“太难了。”“根本不可能，”她附和道。
• Andy chimed in with his view of the situation. 安迪插进话来，谈了自己对形势的看法。
[tʃaɪm] noun
countable
■a ringing sound 钟声，铃声
• I was woken up by the chimes of the cathedral bells. 我被大教堂的钟声唤醒。
[plural]
■a set of small bells, or objects that make ringing sounds 排钟；（成套）编击乐器
• wind chimes 风铃
vi. 鸣响；和谐
 - cotton
n. 钟声；一套发谐音的钟；和谐
 - accordance, ring, bell, concert

Word: cigar
Front: cigar
[sɪˈgɑ:(r)] (高研六 5696/7267 -1)
Vocabulary: cigar
(once / 277 pages)
n
A cigar is a fairly large rolled bundle of tobacco that smokers light and take puffs from. A cigar is usually brown, and it's almost always fatter and longer than a cigarette.
Cigar smoking tends to be more of a special event than cigarette smoking, and the ritual involves cutting off the cigar's closed end, lighting the other side with a match, and puffing the smoke lightly. Another difference between cigar and cigarette smokers is that cigar smoke isn't usually inhaled, but only drawn into the mouth. The word cigar comes from the Spanish cigarro, most likely from a Mayan root, sicar, "to smoke rolled tobacco leaves."
WORD FAMILY
cigar: cigars
USAGE EXAMPLES
One is cheese cigars, also called cheese rolls or cheese boreks.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
My mother was college-educated in Cuba — but she was the daughter of a woman who rolled cigars.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Before August, no federal law prohibited the sale of cigars, e-cigarettes or hookah tobacco to children under 18.
Washington Post(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: n. 雪茄; 叶卷烟
分布：雪茄烟(100%)
→词源不详，可能来自南美土著语。
n.雪茄烟I don't smoke cigar.我不抽雪茄烟.
US [-gɑ:r] noun countable
■a tube made from dried and rolled tobacco leaves, which people smoke 雪茄烟
• an after-dinner cigar and brandy 饭后抽支雪茄，喝杯白兰地
cigarette, cigar, tobacco
这组词都有“烟”的意思，其区别是：
cigarette: 指纸烟。
cigar: 指雪茄烟。
tobacco: 指烟草，烟叶、烟丝。

Word: candle
Front: candle
[ˈkændl] (中高研四六雅 3928/4173 -2)
Back: n. 蜡烛; 烛光; 蜡烛状物
vt. 对光检查
时态：candled, candling, candles
分布：蜡烛(96%)，烛形物(3%)，对光检查(1%)
→来自词根cand, 照明，进一步来自PIE *skai, 照耀，见shine.
蜡烛[cand=white,glow,表示"白,发光"]
n.蜡烛Having canceled X-ray scan, the cancerous candidate on the canvas ate the idle candles in the candy can.取消X线扫描后,帆布上的癌症候选人吃了糖果罐里的闲置蜡烛.
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a usually cylindrical piece of wax with a wick (= piece of string) in the middle of it which produces light as it slowly burns 蜡烛
• Shall I light a candle? 我点支蜡烛好吗？
n. [轻] 蜡烛； [光] 烛光；烛形物
 - bougie, glim

Word: breaker
Front: breaker
[ˈbreɪkə(r)] (11781/13834 -1)
Back: n. [电]断路器; 破坏者，破碎者; 轧碎机，破碎机; 碎浪
分布：断路器(93%)，浪花(4%)，破坏者(3%)
→来自break, 形容浪大。
US [-kɚ] noun countable
■a wave moving toward the coast （拍岸的）碎浪，浪花
• We swam out beyond the breakers. 我们从涌向岸边的浪中游了出来。
n. [电] 断路器；打破者；碎浪
 - killer, circuit-breaker

Word: delete
Front: delete
[dɪˈli:t] (高研四托雅 8051/5794 -1)
Vocabulary: delete
(once / 2939 pages)
v
The author looked at the computer screen in horror. With one keystroke she had deleted her entire manuscript. Delete means to erase.
Delete has its roots in Latin and was first used to mean destroy. In modern usage, delete means to remove completely. Delete used in writing means to edit by removing, often done by drawing a line through the text to be deleted . This process is also called “blue-penciling,” due to the use of the blue colored pencil that some editors use.
WORD FAMILY
delete: deleted, deletes, deleting, deletion+/deletion: deletions
USAGE EXAMPLES
So I deleted all the caustic zingers while wondering whether the truth really matters.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
But Martin deleted his tweet soon after accusations that it was sexist.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
As with Amazon, Google offers a way to delete history data, but otherwise keeps everything by default.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 删除
时态：deleted, deleting, deletes
分布：删除(100%)
→de-, 向下，离开。-let, 涂抹，抹掉，词源同liniment, obliterate. -t, 过去分词后缀。
vt.删除His name has been deleted from the list.他的名字从名单里面删除了.
【记】de去掉，lete＝litter（n 垃圾）－去掉垃圾－删除del是计算机上的删除键
【反】record（vt 记录）
verb intransitive or transitive
 ADVANCED
■to remove or draw a line through something, especially a written word or words 删除，删去（尤指文字）
• They insisted that all expletives be deleted from the article. 他们坚持要删除文中所有的诅咒性词语。
• Here is a list of possible answers. Please delete (= draw a line through them) as appropriate. 这里列出了各种备选答案，请酌情删除。
repeal, delete, cancel, abolish
repeal: 书面用词，指撤销立法机关通过的协议、法案或法律等。
delete: vt. 删除
cancel: 用法广泛，多指取消债务、合同、证书、比赛、旅行、计划或约会等。
abolish: 正式用词，指彻底废除某种制度、规章或习俗。
vt. [计] 删除
 - expurgate, prune away

Word: confederate
Front: confederate
[kənˈfedərət] (托 17239/24314 -1)
Vocabulary: confederate
(once / 567 pages)
adjvn
A confederate is an ally — someone who's on your side. Your brother, the artist, might be your only confederate in your goal of studying modern dance in Paris this summer.
A confederate is anyone who supports you and works toward the same goal with you. When it is used in the context of government or politics, it means "united by a treaty," like two countries that have joined forces against a third. When the first letter is capitalized, Confederate refers to the southern United States during the Civil War, which were confederates in their fight to secede from the rest of the country.
WORD FAMILY
confederate: confederacy, confederated, confederates, confederating, confederation, confederative+/ confederacy: confederacies/ confederation: confederations
USAGE EXAMPLES
News of his selection was welcomed by Montana’s Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes and at least one conservation group, Backcountry Hunters and Anglers.
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
This, despite its hosting articles such as “Hoist it high and proud: the confederate flag proclaims a glorious heritage”.
The Guardian(Dec 05, 2016)
Cody is a member of the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian reservation, which is not far from my home.
The Guardian(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 联盟的，同盟的; 南北邦联的
n. 同伙，合谋者，同党; 同盟者; 部下; 美国南部邦联的支持者
v. 联合，结盟
时态：confederated, confederating, confederates
分布：同伙(25%)，同盟者(22%)，同盟国(22%)，联合的(18%)，同盟的(13%)
→con-, 强调。-fed, 相信，信任，词源同faith, confide.
联合的(con共同+feder+ate→共同联盟的→联合的)[fader=league,表示"联盟"]
US [-ɚ-] noun countable formal
■someone you work together with in a secret, sometimes illegal, activity 同党；共犯；同伙；帮凶
UK [kən'fed.ər.ət] US [-ɚ-] adjective
■united in or part of a confederacy 同盟的；联盟的；联邦的
• confederate states 联盟国
n. 同盟国，同盟者
 - allied powers, ally
adj. 同盟的，联合的
 - federal, linked, joint, fed.
vt. 使联盟；使联合；同伙；帮凶
 - combine, ally
vi. 同盟；联合
 - band, combine, connect

Word: hegemony
Front: hegemony
[hɪˈdʒeməni] (宝 10022/12980 -1)
Vocabulary: hegemony
(once / 9817 pages)
n
Hegemony is political or cultural dominance or authority over others. The hegemony of the popular kids over the other students means that they determine what is and is not cool.
Hegemony comes from the Greek hegemon "leader." Wealthy lender nations hoping to determine political outcomes and trade decisions have established hegemony over the debtor nations they lend to. As well as the dominance of one group or nation over others, hegemony is also the term for the leading group or nation itself. During the American Revolution, colonists fought to throw off the British hegemony.
WORD FAMILY
hegemony: hegemonies
USAGE EXAMPLES
California secessionists are almost uniformly leftists disgusted by conservative hegemony in the heartland.
Salon(Dec 29, 2016)
China’s behavior shows its intention to intimidate its neighbors and establish hegemony in East Asia.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 18, 2016)
The publisher is uniquely placed to challenge the JIF’s hegemony.
Nature(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 霸权; 霸权主义; 领导权; 盟主权
分布：霸权(93%)，领导权(7%)
→来自希腊语hegemon,领导者，来自sag,寻找，寻求，探路者，词源同seek,sagacious.引申词义领导权，支配权，霸权。
【记】he，gemony＝Germany：一、二战中的Germany取得了对若干国家的统治权he，ge＝get，mony＝money：他有了钱才能有统治权
【反】lack of authority（缺乏权威）
US [-'dʒem-/ UK ['hedʒ.ə.moʊ-] noun uncountable formal
■(especially of countries) the position of being the strongest and most powerful and therefore able to control others （尤指国家的）霸权，支配权，领导权
• The three nations competed for regional hegemony. 这三个国家就地区霸权展开争夺。
n. 霸权；领导权；盟主权
 - supreme

Word: highland
Front: highland
['haɪlənd] (研 10211/7195)
Back: adj. 高地的，高原（地区）的; 苏格兰高地的
n. 高地，高原（地区）
分布：高地(79%)，高地的(13%)，苏格兰高地的(8%)
n.高地,高原The landlord's land on the highland of the mainland expanded a lot.地主在大陆高原上的土地扩张了很多.
n. [地理] 高地；丘陵地带
 - height, raise, altitude, elevation, rise
adj. 高原的； [地理] 高地的
 - upland

Word: hotly
Front: hotly
[ˈhɒtli] (13514/13820 -1)
Back: adv. 大发雷霆地; 猛烈地; 紧迫地; 热心地
分布：激烈地(72%)，坚定地(14%)，发怒地(14%)
→比喻用法。
US ['hɑ:t.li] adverb
■in an angry or excited way 愤怒地；激动地
• She hotly denied having taken the money. 她愤怒地断然否认拿了那些钱。
■closely and with determination 紧随地
• He ran down the street, hotly pursued by two police officers. 他沿街跑着，后面有两名员警紧追不舍。
• a hotly contested election 竞争激烈的竞选
adv. 激烈地；热心地；暑热地
 - strongly, bitter

Word: irritation
Front: irritation
[ˌɪrɪ'teɪʃn] (宝 9155/7007 -2)
Vocabulary: irritation
(once / 754 pages)
1n 2n
An irritation is a situation or action that annoys someone — emotionally or physically. Your off-key singing in the car might be an irritation to the driver, or that poison ivy could be an irritation as well.
It's an irritation when you're bothering someone else, and it's also irritation when you're the one feeling irked: "My irritation increased the longer the train sat there, unmoving, with no explanation." The earliest meaning of this word was more physical, a "sore or swollen spot," from the Latin root word irritare, "excite or provoke."
WORD FAMILY
irritation: irritations+/irritability: irritabilities/ irritable: irritability, irritably/ irritate: irritable, irritated, irritates, irritating, irritation, irritative/ irritated: irritatedly/ irritating: irritatingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
This is a source of irritation for many of us who are descendants of those who played by the rules and wanted to become Americans.
New York Times(Jun 30, 2016)
Despite her best efforts to be cool, Paulson keeps finding herself awkwardly humming Rihanna’s songs on set, much to the irritation of her other co-stars.
Time(Dec 20, 2016)
Some suffered convulsions, while others complained of eye irritation.
BBC(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 刺激; 激怒，恼怒，生气; 兴奋; 令人恼火的事
分布：刺激(92%)，刺激物(5%)，烦恼(3%)
noun countable or uncountable
ANGER 激怒
■when someone is made angry or annoyed 激怒，恼火
• That kind of behaviour is sure to cause irritation. 那种行为肯定会让人感到恼火。
• Traffic noise is just one of several minor irritations (= small problems). 交通噪音只是烦人的琐事之一。
[ˌɪr.ɪ'teɪ.ʃən] noun countable or uncountable
SORE FEELING 疼痛感
■a painful or sore feeling in a part of the body 发炎；疼痛
• It is an antiseptic cream suitable for minor skin irritations. 这种杀菌乳膏适用于轻微的皮肤炎症。
• The strap had rubbed against his skin and caused irritation. 皮带擦伤了他的皮肤引起了发炎。
n. 刺激；刺激物；激怒；兴奋
 - stimulus, incentive, excitement, needle

Word: lightweight
Front: lightweight
[ˈlaɪtweɪt] (8396/8908 -2)
Vocabulary: lightweight
(once / 5560 pages)
1adj 2n 3nadj
When an object is lightweight, it weighs much less than other similar objects. A person is a lightweight if they can't handle much — if you get full after a small meal, big eaters might refer to you as a lightweight.
Break lightweight apart — light + weight — and you see its definition right there in its root words. Someone who is called a lightweight is either a professional boxer who weighs under 135 pounds or he's someone with little importance or ability. When a company is looking to make layoffs, it's the lightweight employees, or those who just aren't important to the business that often get axed first.
WORD FAMILY
lightweight: lightweights
USAGE EXAMPLES
"The key is looking for systems that are scalable, lightweight and easily deployable," he said.
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
I would recommend Gore gloves and rain jacket as they are lightweight.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
The first is to develop a new, lightweight system that efficiently uses battery energy to generate movement.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 轻量的; 不重要的
n. 轻量级选手; 不重要的人
分布：轻量级的(48%)，轻便(43%)，无足轻重的(4%)，轻量级拳击运动员(3%)，无足轻重的人或物(1%)，比较轻的(1%)
adjective
NOT HEAVY 不重的
■weighing only a little or less than average 较轻的，轻量的
• I need a lightweight jacket for the summer evenings. 我需要一件夏天晚上穿的薄外套。
['laɪt.weɪt] adjective
NOT SERIOUS 不严肃 disapproving
■not showing deep understanding or knowledge of any subject 肤浅的，理解不深的
• She's the author of some fairly lightweight historical novels. 她写了几部内容相当肤浅的历史小说。
['laɪt.weɪt] noun countable
SPORTS PERSON 运动员
■in some sports, including boxing , a person whose weight is between featherweight and welterweight 轻量级运动员 Compare heavyweight
['laɪt.weɪt] noun countable
NOT SERIOUS 不严肃 disapproving
■a person whose work in a particular area of activity does not show a deep understanding or knowledge of that subject 一知半解的人，理解不深的人
• In certain circles he has been dismissed as a literary lightweight. 在某些圈子里，他被斥为对文学一知半解而遭到排斥。
n. 轻量级选手；无足轻重的人
 - flyweight, small fry

Word: planetary
Front: planetary
[ˈplænətri] (托 6943/13039)
Back: adj. 行星的; 俗世的，现世的; 流浪的，飘忽不定的; [机]行星齿轮的
分布：行星的(96%)，有轨道的(4%)
→来自planet,行星，-ary,形容词后缀。
US [-ɪ.ter-] adjective
■relating to planets 行星的
• planetary science/motion 行星学／运动
⇒ See also interplanetary

Word: rabbit
Front: rabbit
[ˈræbɪt] (中高研四六 4373/3037 -2)
Back: n. 兔子，野兔; 兔子皮毛; 兔子肉; 〈俚〉新手，弱手
vi. 猎兔（通常作 go rabbiting）; （兔子似的）聚拢在一起; <英俚>唠叨，喋喋不休（常与on about连用）
vt. 让…见鬼去吧
时态：rabbited, rabbiting, rabbits
分布：兔子(100%)
→词源不详。
n.兔子On the orbit, the rabbits habitually inherited the merits of the inhabitants.在轨道上,兔子习惯性地继承了居民们的优点.
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a small animal with long ears and large front teeth, which moves by jumping on its long back legs 兔，家兔
⇒ See also bunny (rabbit)
['ræb.ɪt] verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  rabbit on UK informal disapproving
■to continue talking about something which is not interesting to the listener 没完没了地说；唠叨；喋喋不休
• He's always rabbiting on about his stamp collection. 他总是没完没了地说他的集邮。
rabbit, hare
这组词都有“兔子”的意思，其区别是：
rabbit: 通常指家中饲养的家兔。
hare: 指生在森林或田野等处的野兔。
n. 兔子，野兔
 - bunny, hare
vt. 让…见鬼去吧
 - to hell with

Word: turtle
Front: turtle
[ˈtɜ:tl] (六托 6490/10121 -1)
Back: n. [动]龟; [动]海龟
vi. 捕海龟，捕鳖; （船等）翻没，倾覆
时态：turtled, turtling, turtles
分布：捕龟(60%)，高翻领(40%)
→1.乌龟，改写自法语 tortue,来自古法语 tortue,来自拉丁语 tortuca,乌龟，词源同 tortoise.拼写 可能受另一个词 turtle 影响。 2.鸽子，斑鸠，来自古英语 turtle,异化自拉丁语 turtur,斑鸠，韵律重复拟声构词。
【记】读：特头，有特别的头，能伸能缩－海龟
US ['tɝ:.tˌl] (plural turtles or turtle)
noun countable
■an animal which lives in or near water and has a thick shell covering its body into which it can move its head and legs for protection 龟；海龟
n. [脊椎] 龟，甲鱼；海龟
 - tortoise, chelonian

Word: tandem
Front: tandem
[ˈtændəm] (11296/14270 -1)
Vocabulary: tandem
(once / 4807 pages)
nadv
Tandem describes an arrangement where people or animals are in formation, one behind the other. Couples attached at the hip sometimes like to ride tandem bicycles, which allow two people to pedal the same bike. How cute.
In 1785, tandem first came into existence as a noun meaning “carriage pulled by horses harnessed one behind the other.” About a hundred years later, people started to use tandem to refer to bicycles with two seats. This type of bicycle has two sets of pedals and two seats, but only one set of wheels. To transform tandem into an adverb, just stick in in front of it. "In tandem" can just mean "together" — like two departments working in tandem on a project.
WORD FAMILY
tandem: tandems
USAGE EXAMPLES
But our first holiday thereafter, still newlyweds, still getting used to life in tandem: disaster.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Then a tandem bicycle appeared pulling a cart with a lit Christmas tree decorated with a flashing bright red star on the tree top.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
The latter appears in tandem with the television miniseries “Victoria,” created and scripted by Goodwin and airing on PBS in January.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 两匹[数匹]前后串联在马车上的马; 双马串联马车; 双人自行车; 串联
adv. 一个跟着一个地; 纵排地
adj. （两匹马）前后纵列的; 串联的
分布：串联(98%)，串联式自行车(2%)
→来自拉丁语 tandem,最后，究竟，持续时间，来自 tam,因此，来自 to,指示代词根，词源 同 the,that,-dem,指示副词后缀。后幽默的用于指一前一后两匹马拉的马车（而不是两匹马并 排），再后用于指一前一后的双座自行车。
noun countable
■a bicycle made for two people who sit one behind the other 双人自行车
['tæn.dəm] noun countable
in tandem
■at the same time 同时
• The heart and lungs will be transplanted in tandem. 将同时移植心脏和双肺。
■If two pieces of equipment, people, etc. are working in tandem, they are working together, especially well or closely 协同地，联合地
• I want these two groups to work/operate in tandem on this project. 我希望这两个小组联合办这个专案计划。
n. [电] 串联；串座双人自行车
 - connection in series, concatenation
adj. [电] 串联的
 - series-wound

Word: vulture
Front: vulture
[ˈvʌltʃə(r)] (宝 12983/12004 -1)
Vocabulary: vulture
(once / 1359 pages)
n
A vulture is a type of bird — with a bald head and neck — that feeds on dead animals.
One of the most fearsome birds is the vulture: this bird of prey feeds on almost nothing but dead flesh. Unlike other animals that hunt, vultures go after animals that were killed by other animals or died naturally. Vultures are scavengers looking for corpses. And because of their morbid tastes, vultures are often associated with horror movies and scenes of carnage.
WORD FAMILY
vulture: vultures, vulturous
USAGE EXAMPLES
Vultures, in the ancient world of Honduras, were a symbol of death and the transition to the spiritual world.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
The tragic lesson of Syria is that when the eagle flies away, the vultures move in.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
Vulture 'restaurants' across southern Europe are serving up carcasses in an attempt to rescue these endangered birds.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 秃鹰，秃鹫; 贪婪的人; 劫掠者
分布：秃鹰(60%)，兀鹰(30%)，贪婪的人(10%)
→来自wele,拔，撕，词源同wool,vulnerable。用来指秃鹫。
秃鹫;贪的无厌者(vult+ute→把[猎物]撕开者→秃鹫)[vuls,ult=pluck,tear,表示"收缩,撕开"]
【记】vulture不culture（n 文化；文明）
US [-tʃɚ] noun countable
■a large bird with almost no feathers on its head or neck, that eats the flesh of dead animals 秃鹫；兀鹫
■disapproving
■a person or organization that is eager to win an advantage from other people's difficulties or problems 趁火打劫的人（或机构）；乘人之危的人（或机构）
• When a company is in crisis like this, the vultures are always hovering. 当一家公司遇到这样的危机，一众趁火打劫者总是会在旁边虎视耽耽。
n. 秃鹰，秃鹫；贪婪的人
 - condor

Word: butt
Front: butt
[bʌt] (六托宝 4657/8702 -1)
Vocabulary: butt
(once / 136 pages)
1n 2nv 3nv 4n 5n
Your butt is your buttocks, your tush, your rear end. Saying butt is more childish than offensive.
Butt is a four-letter word, though using it won't get you in much trouble — It's much less offensive than ass. It also has plenty of other meanings, like butting into a conversation (interrupting it) or the butt of a gun (the thick end). If you make fun of someone, they are the butt of your jokes. The used end of a cigarette is called a butt, too. But you'll hear it more often in phrases like "Get your butt in here!"
WORD FAMILY
butt: butted, butter, butting, butts+/ butter: buttered, buttering, butters, buttery, butyraceous/ buttery: butteries
USAGE EXAMPLES
Experts say a solid pro-peace coalition could crumble if implementation drags on and butts against the political manoeuvring for the 2018 presidential election.
The Guardian(Dec 01, 2016)
Butt rush, alas, is hardly the challenge confronting the artists responsible for the gemlike miniature dioramas installed in the windows at Tiffany & Company.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Experts say a solid pro-peace coalition could crumble if implementation drags on and butts against the political maneuvering for the 2018 presidential election.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 烟蒂，屁股; 笑柄; （武器或工具的）粗大的一端; 大酒桶
vt. & vi. 用头撞或顶; 碰撞
时态：butted, butting, butts
分布：屁股(40%)，枪托(12%)，笑柄(12%)，烟蒂(11%)，顶撞(10%)，插嘴(9%)，靶垛(2%)，抵撞(2%)，大酒桶(2%)
→词源同beat, 击，打。引申义用头顶，用头撞。
【记】巴特是曼彻斯特联队和本届世界杯英国国家队的防守型前卫，他的绝招就是铁头功，防守只用头撞，不用脚踢。
noun
CIGARETTE 香烟
countable
■the part of a finished cigarette that has not been smoked 烟蒂，烟头
[bʌt] noun
BOTTOM 屁股
countable US slang for
■bottom
• She told him to get off his butt and do something useful. 她叫他行动起来，干点有用的事。
[bʌt] noun
GUN 枪
countable
■the thick end of a rifle (= gun) handle （步枪的）枪托
• They struck him with their rifle butts. 他们用来褔枪的枪托打他。
[bʌt] noun
PERSON
be the butt of sb's jokes
■to be a person who is joked about or laughed at 受到（某人）嘲笑；成为（某人的）笑柄
• He was fed up with being the butt of their jokes. 他已经受够了被他们当作笑柄。
[bʌt] noun
CONTAINER 容器
countable
■a large container used to store liquids （盛液体的）大桶
• a rain/water butt 集雨桶，大水桶
[bʌt] verb intransitive or transitive
■to hit something or someone hard with the head or the horns 用头（或角）顶
[bʌt] verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  butt in informal
■to interrupt a conversation or discussion or someone who is talking 打断谈话（或讨论）；插话，插嘴
• He kept on butting in with silly comments. 他不断插嘴，发表些愚蠢的评论。
n. 屁股；烟头；笑柄；靶垛；粗大的一端
 - behind, joke, ass, rear
vt. 以头抵撞；碰撞
 - hit, impact on

Word: bereave
Front: bereave
[bɪˈri:v] (托宝 -/33462)
Back: vt. 使失去（希望、生命等）; （尤指死亡）使丧失（亲人、朋友等）; 使孤寂; <废>抢走（财物）
时态：bereaved, bereaving, bereaves
分布：剥夺(60%)，使丧失(40%)
→前缀be-, 强调。-reave, 剥夺，词源同rip, rob.
【记】reave（v 剥夺，抢走）－抢夺掉－丧失

Word: bandit
Front: bandit
[ˈbændɪt] (六托 11776/15193 -1)
Vocabulary: bandit
(once / 1180 pages)
n
A bandit is a robber, thief, or outlaw. If you cover your face with a bandanna, jump on your horse, and rob the passengers on a train, you're a bandit.
A bandit typically belongs to a gang of bandits who commit crimes in remote, lawless, or out-of-the-way places. A bus traveling through an isolated location that's not policed might be at risk for being attacked by bandits. The word bandit comes from the Italian bandito, "outlaw," from the Vulgar Latin bannire, "to proclaim or proscribe," by way of a Germanic root that's shared by ban.
WORD FAMILY
bandit: bandits, banditti
USAGE EXAMPLES
Clean Bandit's Rockabye remains at number one in the singles charts for an eighth week.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Other brands, from Fireball Cinnamon Whiskey to Trinchero’s Bandit boxed wine, also target women as potential heavy users of their products.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Young women responded with photos of themselves chugging Bandit.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 土匪，强盗
分布：强盗(66%)，土匪(34%)
→来自词根ban,说话，命令，词源同phone. -it, 拉丁语过去分词后缀。指被禁止入城的人，被官方宣称非法的人。
匪徒(band匪帮+it)[-it 1.表名词,通常是抽象名词2.表名词"…的"]
noun countable
■a thief with a weapon, especially one belonging to a group that attack people travelling through the countryside 土匪；盗贼；暴徒
burglar, gangster, thief, bandit, robber, pirate
这组词都有“资贼、强盗”的意思，其区别是：
burglar: 指夜间撬窗破门行窃的人。
gangster: 指结伙进行各种非法活动的武装歹徒。
thief: 普通用词含义广泛，一般专指盗窍者。
bandit: 指在乡间或小林地区结帮活动，使用恐吓或暴力行窃的人。现指有组织或单独进行抢窃的盗匪。
robber: 指以暴力或威胁等手段强行夺取他人财物的人。
pirate: 指海盗。
n. 强盗，土匪；恶棍；敲诈者
 - tough, robber

Word: creek
Front: creek
[kri:k] (托宝 4931/11888 -1)
Vocabulary: creek
(once / 609 pages)
n
A creek is a stream — like a river, but smaller — and if you grew up in the TV version of rural America, you probably had a creek babbling through your backyard and a dog that looked like Lassie.
If you're "up a creek," or "up a creek without a paddle," you've got a problem with no solution in sight. Say you're out in the middle of nowhere, your cell phone battery has just died, and your car won't start. Unless you've got a solar charger or a tow truck comes along, you're definitely up a creek.
WORD FAMILY
creek: creeks
USAGE EXAMPLES
Blaikie invited the students into her back yard to see the creek.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The spill was contained to about a quarter mile in the creek.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
By the next day, nearby creeks were teeming with oily, black waste.
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. <英>小湾; <美>小河，小溪; 〈废〉弯曲狭窄的通路; 克里克人，克里克语
分布：小溪(82%)，小湾(11%)，克里克族(4%)，克里克人(2%)，克里克语(1%)
→词源同crook, 弯，转，多指弯弯曲曲的小河，小溪。
【记】娃娃鱼在creek里creep（v 爬行），结果被creel（n 捕鱼篮）抓住了！
noun countable UK a narrow area of water that flows into the land from the sea, a lake, etc. （通海、湖等的）小湾，小港
■US
■a stream or narrow river 小溪，小河
[kri:k] noun countable
up the creek informal
■in trouble 陷入困境；处于困境
• If any more people resign, we'll be really up the creek. 如果再有更多的人辞职，我们真的就麻烦了。
n. 小溪；小湾
 - burnie, rivulet

Word: horrific
Front: horrific
[həˈrɪfɪk] (宝 9137/8628 -1)
Vocabulary: horrific
(once / 7238 pages)
adj
Something horrific causes horror. It’s disastrous and makes you shudder with fear. Yikes!
If something horrific, like a deadly car crash, makes your hair stand up, you’re onto something. Horrific comes from the Latin word horrificus — which, if you trace it back, literally means “making the hair stand on end.” Anything horrific fills you with horror and makes you bristle. If you lose your hat, that’s a bummer. A serial killer’s rampage? That's horrific. Save horrific for things that are so scary your hair stands up, or feels like it is.
WORD FAMILY
horrific: horrifically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Brazil's prison system is precariously overcrowded and conditions in many institutions are horrific.
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
Brazil’s prison system is precariously overcrowded and conditions in many institutions are horrific.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
He’s a very unctuous, oily, truly horrific villain who the audience will enjoy despising.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 令人恐惧的，可怕的，恐怖的; 令人毛骨悚然的
分布：可怕的(73%)，恐怖的(23%)，很不愉快的(4%)
可怕的(horr恐惧+ific)[-ific表形容词"产生…的"]
adjective
■very bad and shocking 极其可怕的；令人震惊的
• a horrific accident/crime 极其可怕的意外事故／骇人的罪行
• horrific injuries 极为严重的伤势
adj. 可怕的；令人毛骨悚然的
 - terrible, awesome, fearful, dire, dreadful

Word: neutrino
Front: neutrino
[nju:ˈtri:nəʊ] (11328/18090)
Back: n. 中微子
分布：中微子(100%)
→来自neutron,中子，-ino,意大利小词后缀。

Word: ham
Front: ham
[hæm] (中高研六托 6170/6147 -2)
Vocabulary: ham
(once / 1376 pages)
1n 2nv 3n
Ham is a type of pork, or meat that comes from a pig. If you order a ham sandwich at a deli, you'll get a pile of thinly-sliced meat between two slices of bread.
Most ham is preserved in some way, either smoked or salted, and traditionally this meat comes from a hog's hind legs. For many people who celebrate Easter, ham is a typical main dish. Ham, defined in the 1630s as "meat from the hind leg of a pig," comes from the Old English hamm, "hollow or bend of the knee." If you're a performer described as a ham, it means your acting is way too theatrical or exaggerated.
WORD FAMILY
ham: hamed, hammed, hamming, hammy, hams+/hammy: hammiest, hammily
USAGE EXAMPLES
A country ham and a great bottle of Champagne are usually tops on my list.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
But there’s one aspect of holiday ham, in all its retro glory, that I do miss: that sticky-sweet glaze.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
One Christmas, the family decided to get a genuine Smithfield country ham, dry salt-cured, as an addition to the holiday table.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 火腿; （旧时的）小镇，村庄; 大腿后部; 拙劣演员（尤指表演过火者）
vi. 表情夸张，表演过火
adj. 过火的，做作的; 蹩脚的; 自满的; 搞业余无线电收发报的
时态：hammed, hamming, hams
分布：火腿(97%)，表演过火(2%)，演技夸张(1%)
→来自古英语hamm,膝弯，膝盖骨，词源同hamstring,Hamburg.引申词义大腿，猪大腿肉，火腿。词义拙劣演员来自1880年美国滑稽歌舞剧The Ham-fat man,因其无聊过火的表演而得名。词义业余广播员来自amateur radio,出于自嘲的意味缩写成ham.
n.火腿The tramp from the tram swamped the ham hamburger with shampoo.来自有轨电车的流浪者用洗发水淹没火腿汉堡.
noun
MEAT 肉
 IMPROVER countable or uncountable
■pig's meat from the leg or shoulder, preserved with salt or smoke 火腿
[hæm] noun
ACTOR 演员
countable informal
■an actor whose style of acting is artificial and old-fashioned, often using movements and emotions that are too obvious （风格做作老套且表演过火的）拙劣演员
• They had some dreadful old ham in the main part. 他们起用了一些极为蹩脚的老演员担纲主角。
• a ham actor 蹩脚的演员
[hæm] noun
RADIO 无线电
countable
■a person who operates a radio station as a hobby rather than as a job 业余无线电台技术员
• He's a radio ham. 他是个业余无线电台技术员。
[hæm] verb (-mm-)
[hæm] verb (-mm-)
  Phrasal Verbs  ham it up informal
■to perform or behave in a false way, especially in a way that is too obvious or that makes people laugh 表演过火；举止做作
n. [食品] 火腿；业余无线电爱好者；蹩脚演员
 - amateur radio
vi. 表演过火
 - overplay
adj. 过火的；做作的
 - affected, stagey

Word: dizzy
Front: dizzy
[ˈdɪzi] (高研六托雅 8740/9951 -2)
Vocabulary: dizzy
(once / 803 pages)
adjv
When you're dizzy, you have a spinning or woozy sensation — you might even feel like you'l fall over. You'll probably feel dizzy for a while when you get off the whirling tea cup ride at the fair.
Some people feel dizzy when they're up high, either on a ladder or at the top of a tall building or bridge. Others only get dizzy when they're coming down with the flu or after riding on the merry-go-round at the park. Another way to be dizzy is to be silly or frivolous: "I can't take him seriously, he's just so dizzy all the time." Dizzy comes from the Old English dysig, "foolish or stupid."
WORD FAMILY
dizzy: dizzied, dizzier, dizzies, dizziest, dizzily, dizziness, dizzying, dizzyingly+/dizziness: dizzinesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
One recent poll put them at dizzy heights of 14%.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Bayonne, a one-man band — not only in the studio but also live — who assembles dizzying pop songs that all segue together on his album, “Primitives.”
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Which works because the Rio Games were a whirl, a kaleidoscopic fortnight of sport that left everyone dizzy.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 头昏眼花的; 使人眩晕的，引起头晕的; 昏乱的; 愚蠢的
v. 使头晕眼花; 使发昏; 使昏乱; 使茫然
时态：dizzied, dizzying, dizzies
分布：晕眩的(45%)，使困惑(22%)，使晕眩(22%)，困惑的(11%)
→来自dheu, 尘土，烟雾，词源同dust,dull. 引申词义模糊的，眩晕的。
a.头晕目眩的,眩晕的;(可能)使人头晕的The dazzling light from the digital device dizzied me.来自数字化的设备的耀眼的光使我头昏.
adjective
FEELING 感觉
 ADVANCED
■feeling as if everything is turning round and being unable to balance and about to fall down 眩晕的，头晕目眩的
• Going without sleep for a long time makes me feel dizzy and light-headed. 长时间不睡觉让我觉得头晕目眩。
• I felt quite dizzy with excitement as I went up to collect the award. 我去领奖时激动得有些眩晕。
['dɪz.i] adjective
QUALITY 性质
[before noun]
■confusing and very fast 极快的；快得令人眩晕的
• Who could have predicted the dizzy pace of change in the country? 谁能料到这个国家会发生日新月异的变化？
■informal
■describes a person who is silly, especially a woman （尤指女人）傻乎乎的，蠢的
• In the film, she played the part of a dizzy blonde. 在那部电影里，她扮演了一位傻乎乎的金发女郎。
['dɪz.i] adjective
the dizzy heights of sth humorous
■a very important position 高位，要职
• Do you think Tess will reach the dizzy heights of Senior Editor before she's 30? 你觉得特丝在30岁前能当上高级编辑吗？
adj. 晕眩的；使人头晕的；昏乱的；心不在焉的；愚蠢的
 - swimming, foolish, stupid
vt. 使头晕眼花；使混乱；使茫然
 - cloud, confuse

Word: precaution
Front: precaution
[prɪˈkɔ:ʃn] (研四六托雅 7088/5945 -2)
Vocabulary: precaution
(once / 360 pages)
n
A precaution is a careful action you make in advance. You might want to take the precaution of bringing lots of water and sunblock if you're going on a desert hike.
Precaution means exactly what it sounds like. The prefix pre- means before, and caution means carefulness in the face of danger. People use glasses when they're on a computer as a precaution because there are links to long hours on a computer and vision damage. A fire drill is a precaution so that you know what to do in case of a real fire. Someone who is always careful exhibits precaution.
WORD FAMILY
precaution: precautional, precautionary, precautions+/ caution: cautionary, cautioned, cautioning, cautions, cautious, incaution, precaution / cautious: cautiously, cautiousness, incautious, overcautious/ incautious: incautiously, incautiousness/overcautious: overcautiously
USAGE EXAMPLES
Officials say two more horses’ temperatures spiked Monday, and the Louisiana Department of Agriculture expanded the quarantine as a precaution.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Play continued on the field while the huge banner was unfurled, but rows below were cleared of fans as a precaution.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Play was not interrupted on the field during Sunday’s game, but eight rows of fans below the banner were cleared as a precaution.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 预防，防备，警惕; 预防措施; 避孕措施
vt. 使提防; 预先警告
分布：预防(63%)，预防措施(37%)
→pre-,预先，caution,谨慎。
预防措施(pre+caution小心→预先小心→预防)[pre-表示"…前的,预先"]
n.预防,谨慎,警惕The polar explorers took every precaution to minimize the dangers of their trip.极地探险者十分小心,使旅途的危险性减到最小.
US [-'kɑ:-] noun
 ADVANCED countable
■an action which is done to prevent something unpleasant or dangerous happening 预防，预防措施
• Many people have been stockpiling food as a precaution against shortages. 为了预防食物短缺，很多人一直在大量储备食品。
• They failed to take the necessary precautions to avoid infection. 他们未能采取必要的预防措施来避免感染。
precautions [plural]
■a polite way of referring to contraception (= methods that prevent a woman becoming pregnant) 避孕（委婉说法）
• If you're going to have sex, make sure you take precautions. 发生性行为一定要采取避孕措施。
n. 预防，警惕；预防措施
 - prevention, prophylaxis
vt. 警惕；预先警告
 - keep one's eye on the ball, keep one's eyes peeled

Word: sikh

Word: tuna
Front: tuna
[ˈtju:nə] (六 5993/10709 -1)
Back: n. <鱼>金枪鱼（科），鲔鱼; 金枪鱼罐头; <植>金枪仙人掌
分布：金枪鱼(84%)，霸王树(16%)
→来自美式西班牙语 tuna,金枪鱼，来自西班牙语 atun,来自拉丁语 thunnus,来自希腊语 thunnos, 来自 thuno,冲，投掷飞镖，词源同 tunny.
US ['tu:-] noun
countable (plural tuna or tunas)
■a large fish which lives in warm seas 金枪鱼；金枪鱼肉
• shoals of tuna 成群的金枪鱼
uncountable
■the flesh of this fish eaten as food 鲑鱼肉，鳟鱼肉
• a can of tuna (fish) 一罐金枪鱼罐头
n. [鱼] 金枪鱼，鲔鱼
 - tunny, bluefin

Word: speciality
Front: speciality
[ˌspeʃiˈæləti] (研四六雅 23907/6894 -1)
Back: n. 专业，专长; 特性; 特制品; 英〉同specialty
分布：专长(100%)
特点;特产(special+ity)[speci=look,kind,表示"外观,种类"]
n.(specialty)特性,性质;专业/长;特产
US [-ə.tˌi] noun countable
PRODUCT 产品 UK (US specialty)
■a product that is extremely good in a particular place （地方）特产
• Oysters are a local speciality/a speciality of the area. 牡蛎是当地的特产。
• Paella is a speciality of the house (= a food that is unusually good in a particular restaurant). 西班牙杂烩菜饭是那家饭馆的招牌菜。
UK [ˌspeʃ.i'æl.ɪ.ti] US [-ə.tˌi] noun countable
SUBJECT 学科 UK (US specialty)
■a subject that someone knows a lot about 专业；专长
UK [ˌspeʃ.i'æl.ɪ.ti] US [-ə.tˌi] noun countable
BEHAVIOUR 举止 humorous
■a particular thing that you regularly do or make 常做之事
• Unkind remarks are one of his specialities. 发表苛刻的评论是他常做的事之一。
n. 专业，专长；特性
 - profession, quality, identity, tang, character

Word: thuggish
Front: thuggish
['θʌɡɪʃ] (33607/48488)
Back: adj. 暗杀的，杀人的
分布：暗杀的(60%)，杀人的(40%)

Word: adherent
Front: adherent
[ədˈhɪərənt] (宝 12675/12599)
Vocabulary: adherent
(once / 630 pages)
nadj
Because an adherent is usually something or someone that sticks to something or someone else, it's logical that it can also mean a person who believes in and supports a certain philosophy or leader.
An adherent to a cause can be called a disciple, one who believes and tries to get others to believe. It can also refer to a material that sticks to other things. While the first meaning comes from the 15th century, the reference to a sticky substance didn't emerge until the 16th. In all cases, the word comes from the Latin root haerēre "stick," connected to the prefix ad- "to," making the word mean "to stick to."
WORD FAMILY
adherent: adherence, adherents+/ adhere: adhered, adherent, adheres, adhering, adhesion, adhesive / adherence: adherences/ adhesion: adhesions/ adhesive: adhesively, adhesiveness, adhesives, nonadhesive
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Putin’s toxic blend of authoritarianism and assertive nationalism is gaining adherents across Europe and inspiring autocrats around the world.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
Adherents face imprisonment, and those who refuse to renounce the movement are often subjected to torture.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
“The peace values are upheld by all religious adherents in Indonesia.”
Time(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. 支持者，拥护者
adj. 粘着的; <植>贴生的; （由于协议、合约等而）发生关系的; <语>修饰语的
分布：信徒(34%)，追随者(27%)，拥护者(20%)，附着的(13%)，粘连的(6%)
归依者,门徒(adhere+ent→粘着;坚持的人)[her,hes=stick,表示"粘附"]
【反】forerunner（n 先驱；预兆）
US [-'hɪr.ənt] formal
adjective
■sticky 黏性的；黏着的，附着的
• an adherent surface 黏性表面
UK [əd'hɪə.rənt] US [-'hɪr.ənt] formal
noun countable
■a person who strongly supports a particular person, principle or set of ideas 信徒，追随者，拥护者
• She has long been an adherent of the Communist Party. 长期以来她一直是共产党的拥护者。
n. 信徒；追随者
 - Christian, believer, follower
adj. [物] [生物] 附着的；粘着的
 - inserted, appendiculate

Word: angst
Front: angst
[æŋst] (13234/21294 -1)
Vocabulary: angst
(once / 11634 pages)
n
Angst is a feeling of anxiety and frustration that isn't specific. People often feel angst about the state of the world, or about the state of their homework.
Angst is anxiety that is mixed with frustration and negativity. Angst often doesn’t have a specific target: people feel angst in general. Teenagers are known for their angst, which is shown when they act miserable about nothing in particular. Often, angst refers to philosophical displeasure with world events or personal freedom. An angst-filled person is dissatisfied and unhappy.
WORD FAMILY
angst
USAGE EXAMPLES
A surplus of points did nothing to assuage angst about the playoff, then the playoff results only confirmed the prior nerves.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
“Uninspired,” with its aimless angst, is a bit “Girls,” a bit “Seinfeld,” a mix that’s fairly common in the web series world.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
In Germany and across Europe, revulsion and angst over the strike at a symbol of the region’s Christmas traditions sparked governments to act.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 焦虑; 担心; 恐惧，沮丧
分布：名词(100%)
→来自anger古义。
US [ɑ:ŋkst] noun uncountable
■strong worry and unhappiness, especially about personal problems （尤指对私人问题的）焦虑，烦忧
• All my children went through a period of late-adolescent angst. 我所有的孩子在青春期后期都经历过一段焦虑不安的时光。
n. 焦虑；担心
 - anxiety, worry, fear, solicitude

Word: alto
Front: alto
[ˈæltəʊ] (17905/24862)
Vocabulary: alto
(once / 2875 pages)
nadj
An alto is a woman with a relatively low singing voice. In a choir, alto describes the lowest singing part written for a female voice.
While occasionally men are described as altos — in which case, the word describes a fairly high pitched singing voice — it more often describes a woman whose voice is lower than a soprano. The word alto can also refer to other instruments, including saxophones and flutes, at specific pitches. Alto originally described a man's high voice, from a Latin root, altus, or "high."
WORD FAMILY
alto: altoist, altos
USAGE EXAMPLES
In Mr. Braith’s mosaic, he is clad in a slick red blazer and carrying his signature Braithophone, alto and soprano saxophones melded into one.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Six locations around Palo Alto, including two law offices, were vandalized with what police believe were meant to be swastikas on Thursday night.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Over a third of students in the school district which includes East Palo Alto, in the heart of Silicon Valley, are defined as homeless.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 女低音; 男声最高音; 中音部; 女低音歌手
adj. 中音部的
分布：中音部(49%)，中音部的(31%)，男最高音(10%)，女最低音(10%)
→来自词根alt, 高。
男高音(alt+o)[alt=high,表示"高"]
US [-toʊ] noun countable (plural altos)
■(a woman with) a low adult female singing voice or (a boy with) the lowest boys' singing voice 女低音（歌手）；男童低音（歌手）
• She began by singing soprano, then changed to alto. 她开始时唱女高音，后来改唱女低音。
UK ['æl.təʊ] US [-toʊ] adjective
■describes a musical instrument which is of a size and range between soprano and tenor （乐器）中音的
• an alto saxophone/flute 中音萨克斯风／长笛
n. 女低音；男声最高音；中音乐器
 - contralto, countertenor

Word: bearer
Front: bearer
[ˈbeərə(r)] (11977/9679 -1)
Vocabulary: bearer
(once / 714 pages)
1n 2n
A bearer is a person who carries or delivers something. If you hate to be the bearer of bad news, don't become a traffic cop.
If you're the flag bearer in a parade, it means you march at the front gripping a flag, and a coffin bearer holds one end of the coffin at a funeral. You'll often find the word in the phrase "bearer of bad news" or "bearer of bad tidings." In the mid-17th century, the word bearer was primarily used to mean "person who carried dead bodies to the grave."
WORD FAMILY
bearer: bearers+/ bear: bearable, bearer, bearing, bearish, bears, borne, forebear, overbear/ bearable: bearably, unbearable / bearing: bearings, nonbearing/bearish: bearishly/ forebear: forebears/overbear: overbearing, overbears, overbore, overborne/ overbearing: overbearingly, overbearingness/ unbearable: unbearably
USAGE EXAMPLES
Whichever ethnic group you look at, these local names reveal a wealth of information about the bearer.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Voters concluded that an ideology-free businessman would turn hope into change better than yet another bearer of liberal orthodoxy.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 21, 2016)
These bearers of gifts really get on my nerves.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 持票人; 送信人; 搬运工人
分布：搬运工(34%)，带信人(23%)，柩夫(15%)，能开花结果的植物(7%)，持票者(7%)，脚夫(7%)，承担人(7%)
US ['ber.ɚ] noun countable
■a person whose job is to carry something, or a person who brings a message 搬运工人；带信人
• He was a coffin/pall bearer at his father's funeral. 他在父亲的葬礼上扶灵。
• I'm sorry to be the bearer of bad news. 对不起，我给你带来了坏消息。
specialized
■the person who owns an official document or bank note （正式档或钞票的）持有人
n. [专利] [金融] 持票人； [建] 承木； [机] 托架；送信人；搬运工人
 - cheque holder, runner

Word: alcoholic
Front: alcoholic
[ˌælkəˈhɒlɪk] (高 7755/7952 -K2)
Vocabulary: alcoholic
(once / 1762 pages)
adjn
Something that's alcoholic contains alcohol. At a party, the host may offer a pitcher of alcoholic punch and another of non-alcoholic punch.
Use alcoholic to describe something that has alcohol in it, or otherwise has to do with alcohol. Alcoholic cider, for example, is fermented, and drinking too much can be intoxicating. The noun alcoholic means a person who's dependent on alcohol, whose drinking has become compulsive and unhealthy. This meaning developed in the late 1800s, from the earlier term alcoholist. The group Alcoholics Anonymous was founded in 1935 for alcoholics to help themselves and others quit drinking.
WORD FAMILY
alcoholic: alcoholically, alcoholics, nonalcoholic+/ alcohol: alcoholic, alcoholise, alcoholism, alcoholize, alcohols/alcoholism: alcoholisms/alcoholize: alcoholized, alcoholizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Utah Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control oversees all licensing and runs the state’s liquor stores.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
It was a phone conversation with a lady from Alcoholics Anonymous.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Twenty years ago, nearly three-quarters of young people said it was their favorite alcoholic drink, according to surveys by Gallup and Goldman Sachs Investor Research.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 酒精的，含酒精的; 酒精中毒的
n. 酗酒者，酒鬼; 酒精中毒者
分布：酒精的(38%)，含酒精的(32%)，酗酒者(19%)，酗酒的(11%)
US [-'hɑ:.lɪk] adjective
■containing alcohol 含酒精的
• Could I have something non-alcoholic, like orange juice, please? 能给我来些不含酒精的饮料吗，比如柳橙汁甚么的？
UK [ˌæl.kə'hɒl.ɪk] US [-'hɑ:.lɪk] noun countable (slang alky) (alkie)
■a person who is unable to give up the habit of drinking alcohol very often and in large amounts 酗酒者，嗜酒者
adj. [有化] 酒精的，含酒精的
 - spirituous
n. 酒鬼，酗酒者
 - drunkard, bibber

Word: chairmanship
Front: chairmanship
[ˈtʃeəmənʃɪp] (17800/10139)
Back: n. 主席的地位或身份
分布：主席的身份或资格(100%)
US ['tʃer-] noun countable usually singular
■the position of being a chairman or the period during which someone is a chairman 主席职位（或身分）；主席任期
• His chairmanship lasted a year. 他担任主席一职有一年时间。

Word: belligerent
Front: belligerent
[bəˈlɪdʒərənt] (托 15987/19111 -1)
Vocabulary: belligerent
(once / 1298 pages)
adjn
If someone is belligerent, they're eager to fight. It's a good idea to avoid hardcore hockey fans after their team loses — they tend to be belligerent.
Belligerent comes from the Latin word bellum, for "war." You can use it to talk about actual wars — the nations taking part in a war are called belligerents — but usually belligerent describes a psychological disposition. If you're running a school for aggressive boys, do plenty of arts and crafts to prevent them from becoming too belligerent. The stress is on the second syllable: bə-LIJ-ə-rənt.
WORD FAMILY
belligerent: belligerence, belligerency, belligerently, belligerents, nonbelligerent+/ belligerence: belligerences/belligerency: belligerencies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Raise your hands if you'll be surprised if Trump starts getting belligerent when his ratings starts falling.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
She continues to be belligerent, angry and unable to accept fault to this day.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Hernlem, who flies for United, recalled a recent flight on which a male passenger became belligerent, moving closer and closer.
Washington Post(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: adj. 交战的; 卷入冲突的; 好战的; 交战国的
n. 交战国，交战者; 参加斗殴的人或集团
分布：好战的(49%)，交战国(35%)，交战的(12%)，交战者(4%)
→词根bell, 好战，同Bellona, 司战女神。ger, 含有，带来，同ingest, 消化。
交战的,准备打架的(belli+ger带来→ent→带来战争→交战的)[bell,bel=war,fight,表示"战争,打斗"]
好斗的(bell战争)[ger=bear(带有)]
【反】conciliatory（adj 抚慰的；调和的）；peaceful（adj 和平的）
US [-ɚ-] adjective disapproving
■wishing to fight or argue 好战的，挑起战争的；挑拨的
• a belligerent person 好斗的人
• a belligerent gesture 挑拨的姿态
• Watch out! Lee's in a belligerent mood. 小心点！李今天看谁都不顺眼。
■specialized
■fighting a war 交战的
• The belligerent countries are having difficulties funding the war. 交战国缺乏战争资金。
adj. 交战的；好战的；交战国的
 - fighting, warring

Word: craze
Front: craze
[kreɪz] (托 13958/15398 -1)
Back: n. 短暂的时尚; （陶器的）裂纹
vt. 使精神错乱，使发狂; 使出现裂纹
vi. 发狂; 变得表面有裂缝
时态：crazed, crazing, crazes
分布：狂热(66%)，裂纹(18%)，风尚(6%)，出现裂纹(5%)，使发狂(5%)
→词源不确定，原义为破碎，破裂，见crazy paving，可能来自crack, 破裂声。并引申至心理含义，精神破裂，发狂。
noun countable usually singular
■an activity, object or idea that is extremely popular, usually for a short time 时尚；风行一时的东西
• Cycling shorts were the latest craze] (all) the craze that year. 脚踏车运动短裤是那年最新的流行时尚／最盛行的。
• The craze for health foods has become big business. 健康食品热创造了巨大的商机。
n. 狂热
 - abandon, mania
vi. 发狂；产生纹裂
 - go ape, go bananas
vt. 使发狂；使产生纹裂
 - dement, derange

Word: headway
Front: headway
[ˈhedweɪ] (宝 15526/11731)
Vocabulary: headway
(once / 2475 pages)
1n 2n
Headway is what you achieve when you move forward or make progress. When you're rowing a boat on a very windy day, it can be hard to make any headway.
You can literally make headway, as when you move forward, fighting your way through an enormous crowd at a shopping mall or rock concert — and you can also make a more metaphorical kind of headway: "I have been trying to write this novel for three years, but I'm just not making any headway." The word meant "the main road" in the 14th and 15th centuries, and came to mean "motion forward" in the 1740s.
WORD FAMILY
headway: headways
USAGE EXAMPLES
Headway East London started in 1998 with one therapist and a single client.
BBC(Dec 06, 2016)
The work isn’t finished, but clearly much headway has been made.
Seattle Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Despite a setback at Coastal Carolina University, the CHE appears to be making headway.
Washington Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 前进; 进展; 航行速度; 间隔时间
分布：进展(88%)，前进(9%)，航行速度(3%)
→head,头，way,路。比喻用法。
noun
make headway
■to make progress or get closer to achieving something 前进，取得进展
• I'm trying to learn to drive, but I'm not making much headway (with it). 我想学开车，可是进步缓慢。
• Little headway has been made so far in the negotiations. 谈判至今未有所进展。
n. 前进；进步；航行速度；间隔时间
 - advancement, progress, ongoing

Word: flair
Front: flair
[fleə(r)] (托宝 11212/9654 -1)
Vocabulary: flair
(once / 4225 pages)
1n 2n
Use the word flair to refer to someone’s knack or natural talent for something. Someone might have a flair for throwing fantastic parties, or a flair for solving complex math problems.
Something or someone with flair is flashy, catchy and full of energy. But oddly enough, flair meant "odor" when it originated in the mid 14th century. It wasn’t until 1925 that the word came to mean a distinctive talent, elegant style or dashing ability. So maybe think of someone absolutely reeking of style and panache — but in a good way.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
flair / flare
Flair is a talent for something, like what the pro-wrestler Nature Boy Ric Flair had back in the day. Flare is on a candle or the shape of bell-bottoms that kids rocked back in the heyday of wrastlin'.
Flair is a noun meaning an aptitude or eagerness for something or a distinctive style. You might have a flair for photography, wrestling, or dressing like a flapper. If you describe food as having a certain flair, such as a Latin flair, you mean it has the distinctive style of Latin food. Flair isn't a synonym for flavor. Style is more than flavor. Here are some flairs, ta da:
Charming and gregarious with a flair for grand gestures, he was haunted by drug addiction. (New York Times)
Nice has always boasted an Italian flair; La Promenade respects that tradition by serving firm pasta, an outlier in a world of overcooked French noodles. (Business Week)
Flare has fun, too, in many different ways. As a noun, flare is a shape that is wider at one end, such as bellbottoms, also called flares. It can also be a flickering light, as with the flare of a match. To flare might be widen or to suddenly burn. A disease can flare up, or become worse, while your skirt can flare out, or widen. Flare on:
One oak is hollowed and flared at the bottom like an arched, empty shell. (New York Times)
Sudden anger flared up in the girl's blue eyes, though, he knew it was not directed against him. (Harold Bindloss)
If you're not sure which f-word you want, choose flare. After all, flair just refers to that special something, it's restricted to being a noun that means stylishness or an aptitude for something. Flare means everything else! (Almost)
WORD FAMILY
flair: flairs
USAGE EXAMPLES
The play oozed with flair as the Wizards separated themselves early from an inferior opponent.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Of course, Mr. Burton applies plenty of visual flair and effects in bringing the strange world and powerful children to cinematic life.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
All of it is surrounded by enormous murals and sculptures with an only-in-Vegas flair.
Wall Street Journal(Oct 31, 2016)
Back: n. 天资; 天分; 眼光; 鉴别力
分布：天赋(67%)，才华(23%)，鉴别力(10%)
→来自拉丁语fragrare, 释放气味，闻，词源同fragrant. 字母l和r异化。原指猎狗的灵敏的嗅觉，后形容人的特殊能力，天资。
【记】fl＝fly，air：fly到air中去了，没有天赋行吗？
US [fler] noun
only singular
■natural ability to do something well 天赋；天资；天分
• He has a flair for languages. 他具有语言天赋。
uncountable
■when something is done in an exciting and interesting way 才华；资质
• He played with great imagination and flair. 他的演奏充满了瑰丽奇特的想像，显示出过人的才情。
• It's a competent enough piece of writing but it lacks flair. 这篇文章写得还算不错，就是文采稍显不足。
n. 资质；鉴别力
 - discernibility, discriminating power

Word: edgy
Front: edgy
[ˈedʒi] (11306/19987 -1)
Vocabulary: edgy
(once / 7529 pages)
adj
If you're edgy, you're uptight, tense, or anxious. You might find yourself getting nervous and edgy right before you take a difficult test.
A tendency to get edgy — irritable and jittery — might be a result of too much coffee, or just a personality trait. It's not a very helpful habit in most cases, leading you to snap at other people or just feel tense. An informal way to use edgy is to mean "experimental or daring." In the 18th century, something edgy literally had sharp edges, but by the early 1800s it came to mean "tense and irritable."
WORD FAMILY
edgy: edgier, edgiest, edgily, edginess+/ edge: edged, edgeless, edger, edges, edging, edgy /edger: edgers/edging: edgings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Clemson seems a bit louder, a bit edgier, with a taste for revenge.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
It grew into an e-commerce destination for trendy, edgy fashions for women, with the company eventually adding two brick-and-mortar stores in Los Angeles.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The wines are certified biodynamic, and an earth-friendly viticulture is reflected in the edgy energy the wine conveys on the palate.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 锋利的，泼辣的，尖锐的; 神经紧张的，易激动的，急躁的; （画）轮廓过于分明的
级别：edgier, edgiest
分布：急躁的(49%)，刀口锐利的(30%)，尖利的(21%)
→来自edgy, 边缘。
['edʒ.i] informal
adjective
■nervous or worried 紧张不安的；烦躁的
adj. 急躁的；尖利的；刀口锐利的
 - hot-headed, irritable

Word: hereditary
Front: hereditary
[həˈredɪtri] (雅宝 13816/8780 -1)
Vocabulary: hereditary
(once / 584 pages)
adj
Things that are hereditary are inherited — passed down through the DNA of your biological parents.
Has anyone ever said "You have your mom's eyes" or "Wow, you look like your grandfather"? They're commenting on hereditary features — things you got from your parents, and their parents, and all the other family genes you carry. Hair color, height, and even parts of your personality tend to be hereditary, or passed down genetically. Not all hereditary things are good: you can also inherit health conditions, crooked teeth, or your grandpa's bald spot.
WORD FAMILY
hereditary: hereditarily, nonhereditary+/ heredity: hereditary, heredities
USAGE EXAMPLES
At first, Old World prejudices and hereditary pedigrees prevailed.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
After his defeat, he was soon offered a way back to Parliament, as a hereditary peer - becoming the 4th Baron Avebury in 1971.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
A variety of hereditary, environmental and lifestyle factors are thought to influence IBD pathology.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. （生物学中）遗传的; 世袭的; 遗传性
分布：世袭的(51%)，遗传的(49%)
→来自heredity,继承，遗产。引申词义世袭的，遗传的。
承袭的,世袭的,遗传的[her,hes=stick,表示"粘附"]
adjective
■(of characteristics or diseases) passed from the genes of a parent to a child, or (of titles and positions in society) passed from parent to a child as a right （特点或疾病）遗传的；（称号或爵位）世袭的
• a hereditary disease 遗传性疾病
• Depression is often hereditary. 忧郁症常常是遗传的。
• It is a hereditary title , so Mark Howard will become Sir Mark Howard on his father's death. 这是个世袭的头衔，所以马克‧霍华德在他父亲去世后将成为马克‧霍华德爵士。
adj. [遗] 遗传的；世袭的；世代相传的
 - genetic, inherited

Word: inaugurate
Front: inaugurate
[ɪˈnɔ:gjəreɪt] (六托雅宝 11908/12168 -1)
Vocabulary: inaugurate
(once / 797 pages)
v
To inaugurate means to start something, to give it a kick off. The opening day pep rally inaugurates the high school football season.
Inaugurate comes from the Latin word augur, which means taking signs from birds, or telling the future. The Romans would always look for good omens to mark the beginning of something––a war, or a new emperor’s reign––so inaugurate became linked to new beginnings. While inaugurate has long been used in formal contexts, such as the swearing-in ceremony that inaugurates a President's term in office, inaugurate is now also used casually. You might inaugurate your marathon training with a long run.
WORD FAMILY
inaugurate: inaugurated, inaugurates, inaugurating, inauguration +/ inauguration: inaugurations
USAGE EXAMPLES
A man who routinely perpetuates false racist claims of ongoing waves of crime will soon be inaugurated as president of the United States.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
On Dec. 17, Ethiopia inaugurated the Gibe III hydroelectric dam that will generate 1,870 megawatts of electricity.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Both the House and the Senate are in Republican hands, with a Republican president to be inaugurated in January.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: vt. 开创; 创始; 举行开幕典礼; 举行就职典礼
时态：inaugurated, inaugurating, inaugurates
分布：开创(36%)，开始(31%)，举行就职典礼(27%)，举行仪式(6%)
→in-,进入，使，augur,占卜，预示，预兆。来自古希腊罗马时期通过占卜来决定吉凶，以及是否从事政治，经济，军事活动，但该词用来指就职。
举行就职典礼(in+augur预兆,开始+ate→进入开始→就职;参考:augury预兆)[im-,in-①表示"不,无,非"②表示"向内,进入"]
【记】in进入，augur（v 预言；开始），ate－开始进入－就职
【参】inaugural（adj 就职的；开始的n 就职演说）
【反】cease（v 停止；终了）
US [-'nɑ:-] verb transitive
■to put someone into an official position with a ceremony 使正式就职，为…举行就职典礼
• American presidents are always inaugurated on January 20th. 美国总统总是在1月20日正式就职。
■to put something into use or action officially 正式启用（或启动）
• The European Community inaugurated the Single European Market in 1993. 欧洲共同体于1993年正式启动欧洲单一市场。
■to mark the beginning of a new period, style or activity 开创（新时代）；开始（新风尚或新活动）
• The change of government inaugurated a new era of economic prosperity. 政府的变革开创了经济繁荣的新时代。
inaugurate, commence, start, initiate, begin
这组词都有“开始”的意思，其区别是：
inaugurate: 指正式而隆重的开始。
commence: 可与begin换用，但commence系书面正式用词，语气庄重，特指有正式程序或一定仪式，或某种正式行动的“开始”。
start: 在许多场合可与begin通用，但start侧重动作的起点。
initiate: 指创始或发起，侧重某过程的第一步，不考虑结束，强调起始。
begin: 最常用词，含义广泛，其反义词是end，多用于行动、工作等的开始。
vt. 创新；开辟；开创；举行开幕典礼；举行就职典礼
 - pioneer

Word: instalment
Front: instalment
[ɪnˈstɔ:lmənt] (雅 -/8067 -1)
Back: n. 分期付款; 装设; 就职; （小说等）分期连载的一部分
分布：分期付款(100%)
US [-'stɑ:l-] noun countable
■one of a number of parts into which a story, plan or amount of money owed has been divided, so that each part happens or is paid at different times until the end or total is reached （小说分期连载的）一节；（分期付款的）一期
• The novel has been serialized for radio in five instalments. 这部小说已在广播电台进行了五期连播。
• We agreed to pay for the car by/in instalments. 我们同意分期付款购买小汽车。
n. 分期付款；装设；就职
 - payment by installment, installment payment

Word: lifelong
Front: lifelong
[ˈlaɪflɒŋ] (5720/9865 -1)
Vocabulary: lifelong
(once / 1881 pages)
adj
Something lifelong lasts your entire life, or for most of it. A lifelong friendship might have begun in kindergarten, and it continues today.
You can describe your grandfather as a lifelong Republican if he's voted for the Republican candidate in every election all through his life. You could also say you have a lifelong hatred of green vegetables if you've refused broccoli and spinach since you first ate solid food. The word lifelong, meaning "continuing for a lifetime," was coined in the nineteenth century.
WORD FAMILY
lifelong
USAGE EXAMPLES
Berger was a lifelong Marxist, a vehement critic of capitalism.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
During a spell living in London during the 1960s, he met Mr Major, who became a lifelong friend.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Farah was brought back to Virginia to await his new sentence, but it remains unclear where he will serve his lifelong imprisonment.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 毕生的，终身的; 永生不渝的
分布：终身的(55%)，毕生的(45%)
US [-lɑ:ŋ] adjective [before noun]
■lasting for the whole of a person's life 终生的，终身的；一辈子的
• She was a lifelong member of the Labour party. 她一辈子都是工党党员。
• a lifelong habit 终生习惯

Word: physician
Front: physician
[fɪˈzɪʃn] (高研四六托雅 2041/6142 -2)
Vocabulary: physician
(once / 164 pages)
n
A physician is a doctor. If you wake up and your eyes are red, your skin is yellow, and your tongue is swollen, find a physician, soon!
When we use the word physician, we typically mean a doctor that practices general healing, as opposed to a surgeon. Physician is a very old word, coming from both Greek and Latin roots for physic, meaning "natural science and medicine."
WORD FAMILY
physician: physicians
USAGE EXAMPLES
“As physicians, our main job is to reassure patients.”
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Dr. Michael E. Busha, a primary care physician at IU Health in Indianapolis, asked quietly as he updated Mr. Johnson’s electronic record.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
He is wrong and that view endangers children, write two physicians.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 医生，内科医生; <口>医学博士; （精神创伤的）医治者，抚慰者
分布：内科医生(100%)
→来自physic,医学，医冶，-ian,人。
n.内科医生The physician made a physical examination to the sophisticated philosopher and physicist.医生给世故的哲学家和物理学家作了体检.
[fɪ'zɪʃ.ən] mainly US or formal (UK usually doctor)
noun countable
■a medical doctor, especially one who has general skill and is not a surgeon 医生；（尤指）内科医生
dentist, surgeon, physician, doctor
这组词都有“医生”的意思，其区别是：
dentist: 指专门从事治牙的医生。
surgeon: 指专修外科或专修人体某个部分的外科专科医生，这种医生一般需对患者进行手术治疗。
physician: 指医院的内科医生。
doctor: 普通用词，泛指各科医生，即一切有行医资格的人。
n. [医] 医师； [内科] 内科医师
 - medical doctor, medico

Word: raider
Front: raider
[ˈreɪdə(r)] (14496/9174)
Back: n. 袭击者，侵入者; 扰乱者; 进行袭击、抢劫或搜查的人，进行突袭的舰队、飞机等
分布：袭击者(50%)，侵入者(20%)，抢劫者(17%)，袭击用的飞机或舰艇(13%)
US [-dɚ] noun countable
■someone who enters a place illegally and usually violently, and steals from it 抢劫者；洗劫者；劫掠者
• Armed raiders forced their way into the couple's home. 武装袭击者强行闯进那对夫妻的家。
n. 袭击者；侵入者
 - charger, intruder

Word: mismatch
Front: mismatch
[ˈmɪsmætʃ] (15966/16320)
Vocabulary: mismatch
(once / 12862 pages)
nv
When two things (or people) don't work well together or correspond with each other, it's a mismatch. If there's a mismatch between the amount of free time you have and the hours of exercise your puppy needs, you might want to hire a dog walker.
There might be a mismatch between workers' skills and the actual jobs that are available, or a mismatch between your aunt and uncle, who seem totally unsuited for each other. Mismatch is also a verb that means "match up badly," like when you mismatch your red shirt with your purple pants. Sometimes sports matches or games are called mismatches too, when one team is clearly superior to the other.
WORD FAMILY
mismatch: mismatched, mismatches, mismatching+/ match: matched, matcher, matches, matching, matchless, mismatch, rematch, unmatchable/matched: unmatched/matcher: matchers/matchless: matchlessly/rematch: rematches/unmatchable: unmatchably
USAGE EXAMPLES
But the biggest payoff lies in fixing the mismatch between the needs of employers and the skills of job seekers.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
A dominant fighter like Rousey returning against a somewhat unproven champion sounds like a mismatch.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
South Carolina: The Gamecocks were in need of a win, no matter how big of a mismatch it was.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 使配错，使配合不当
n. 错配，失谐
时态：mismatched, mismatching, mismatches
分布：配合不当(35%)，配错(35%)，不相匹配(30%)
→mis-,坏的，错的，不好的，match,匹配。
verb transitive
■to put together people or things that are unsuitable for each other 使错配；使不适当地在一起
• I always thought Chris and Monique were mismatched, so I wasn't surprised when they got divorced. 我一直认为克里斯和莫妮克不般配，所以他们离婚我并不吃惊。
[ˌmɪs'mætʃ] noun countable /ˈmɪsˌmætʃ/
■when people or things are put together that are not suitable for each other 错配
• There is a mismatch between the capacity of the airport and the large number of people wanting to fly from it. 机场的输送量与其巨大的客流量很不相称。
n. 错配；不协调
 - mispairing, incongruity

Word: vanity
Front: vanity
[ˈvænəti] (研四六托雅宝 9493/9956 -1)
Vocabulary: vanity
(once / 254 pages)
n
Vanity is the quality of being vain, or having a ridiculous amount of pride. If you have excessive vanity in your appearance, you probably spend long hours sitting at your vanity table doing your makeup or plucking your nose hairs.
If you pride yourself on looking absolutely perfect and refuse to do any work that might dirty your clothes or mess up your hair, someone might accuse you of vanity. Often vanity is empty, like the emperor’s in The Emperor's New Clothes. If someone pays to have her own book published even though it’s really bad, we say it is a vanity printing.
WORD FAMILY
vanity: vanities+/ vain: vainer, vainest, vainly, vanity
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Her advice would be to keep true to yourself and don’t lose yourself. Or your eyebrows,” Lourd told Vanity Fair.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
“Vanity Fair played that perfectly,” Mr. Farrell said.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Because then it becomes a lot about vanity, and that's a different game.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 虚荣，浮华; 自负; 空虚，无聊的事物; 无价值的东西
分布：虚荣心(78%)，自负(11%)，浮华(9%)，无价值的东西(2%)
→来自vain,自负的，虚无的，徒劳的，词源同vainglory.
空虚;虚荣心(van+ity→心里空空→虚荣心)[vac,van,void=empty表示"空"]
n.虚荣心,浮华The humorous rumour has something to do with human humanity and vanity.那个幽默传闻与人类的仁慈和虚荣心有关.
US [-ə.tˌi] noun
SELFISH 自负
uncountable disapproving
■when you are too interested in your appearance or achievements 虚荣；自负
• He wants the job purely for reasons of vanity and ambition. 他想得到那份工作纯粹是为了满足虚荣和野心。
UK ['væn.ɪ.ti] US [-ə.tˌi] noun
FURNITURE 家俱
countable US for
■ dressing table
■countable US for * a vanity unit
n. 虚荣心；空虚；浮华；无价值的东西
 - blank, mud

Word: recess
Front: recess
[rɪˈses] (宝 7747/9517 -1)
Vocabulary: recess
(once / 524 pages)
1nv 2nv
Recess is a break from doing something, like work or school. Almost everyone looks forward to taking a recess — even if you don't have access to monkey bars.
Recess comes from the Latin word recessus, meaning "a going back, retreat." You may have heard children talking about recess as their favorite part of school. This meaning of the word refers to the break in a school day for children to play, usually outside in a playground. As a verb, recess means to take a break at the end of a session — usually in a court proceeding: "The judge announced the court would recess until the following day."
WORD FAMILY
recess: recessed, recesses, recessing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The move would be a legal gamble under the high court’s last ruling in 2014 on recess appointments.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The sit-in occurred last June, just before Congress recessed for the July 4 holiday.
Salon(Dec 29, 2016)
The House of Representatives did not vote on the bill before recess.
Reuters(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 休息; 隐蔽处; （山脉，海岸等的）凹处; 壁凹，壁龛
vt. 把某物放在凹处; 制造凹陷; （暂时）休会，休课，休庭
vi. 休息，休会，休庭
时态：recessed, recessing, recesses
分布：休息(67%)，壁龛(13%)，放入壁龛(4%)，放假(4%)，幽深处(4%)，凹缝(4%)，作凹处(4%)
→来自 recede,后退，-ss,过去分词格。此处形容词作名词，引申诸相关词义。
休息;隐居(re回＋cess→走回去→休息)[ced,ceed,cess=go,表示"行走,前进"]
【记】re反，cess走一壁凹
【参】recession（n 撤回；工商业不景气）
noun
PAUSE 中止
countable or uncountable
■a period of time in the year when the members of a parliament are not meeting （议会）休会期
uncountable US
■in school, a period of time between classes when children do not study 课间休息
[rɪ'ses] ['ri:-] noun
SPACE 空地
countable
■a small area in a room which is formed by one part of a wall being set back further than other parts 壁龛；（墙的）凹进处；凹室
• The room has a recess designed to hold bookshelves. 这个房间有个壁凹，是为放书架而设计的。
countable usually plural
■a secret or hidden place 幽深处；隐秘处；藏身处
• Psychoanalysts aim to explore the deepest/innermost recesses of the mind. 精神分析学家致力于探索心灵最深处的奥秘。
pause, stop, break, interval, cease, recess, rest
这组词都有“中止，停止，休息”的意思，其区别是：
pause: 指短暂的中断或停止，含再进行下去的意味。
stop: 普通用词，指迅速或突然中止某行为、活动或状态。
break: 非正式用词，指突然的或短时间的中止，如工作或活动期间接短暂休息。
interval: 指一出戏在幕与幕之间，音乐会上下串场之间或演出中预先安排的休息；也可泛指事件之间的一段时间。
cease: 正式用词，侧重逐渐结呸某活动或状态，含永远结束的意味。
recess: 正式用词，指业务活动或工作中短暂的或长时间的休息。
rest: 指统称的休息。
n. 休息；休会；凹处
 - break, cavity, rest
vi. 休息；休假
 - relax, vacation

Word: astronomy
Front: astronomy
[əˈstrɒnəmi] (高研六托雅 6469/10702 -2)
Vocabulary: astronomy
(once / 381 pages)
n
Astronomy is the science that looks up: at stars, at other planets, at solar systems, at galaxies, and at everything else in the universe.
The Ancient Greeks used the word astron for "star," so it only makes sense that astronomy would involve the study or the stars (and other unearthly topics). Someone who studies or works in astronomy is an astronomer, and one of the main tools of the trade is the telescope. As telescopes get more and more powerful, astronomers learn more and more about what's going on out there, such as how old a star or planet is. If you ever wondered what's out there besides the Earth, you should learn more about astronomy.
WORD FAMILY
astronomy: astronomer, astronomic, astronomical, astronomies+/ astronomer: astronomers/astronomic: astronomically
USAGE EXAMPLES
The family moved to Washington DC when Vera was 10, and it was there that she developed an interest in astronomy.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Jan. 5 — “A Brief History of Dutch Astronomy,” a talk by astronomer Peter Teuben, at the University of Maryland at College Park’s observatory, 8 p.m.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
It amounts to two petabytes of data, roughly equivalent to a billion selfies, according to a statement from the University of Hawaii’s Institute for Astronomy.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 天文学
分布：天文学(100%)
→词根astro, 星。词根nomy, 学说，学科。
天文学(astro星星+nomy→研究星星的学科)[nom(y)=a field of knowledge表示"某一领域的知识"]
n．天文学The astronaut, an astronomy fan, is astonished at the gymnastics show in the gymnasium.宇航员(一位天文学迷)对体育馆里的体操表演感到惊骇.
【记】astro星，nomy表学科－研究星的学科－天文学
US [-'strɑ:.nə-] noun uncountable
 ADVANCED
■the scientific study of the universe and of objects which exist naturally in space, such as the moon, the sun, planets and stars 天文学
n. [天] 天文学
 - uranology

Word: billy
Front: billy
[ˈbɪli] (-/3350)
Back: n. 警棍，棍棒
分布：棍棒(50%)，警棍(50%)
→billy 为人名William 昵称。来自英语词汇中的一种用人名代替各种叫不出名字或没有合适名字的物件，如jack, 杰克，千斤顶。
['bɪl.i] (also billycan) UK
noun countable
■a metal container used for cooking outside over a fire （供野外烹调用的）金属罐
n. 棍棒，警棍；伙伴
 - partner, comrade, club

Word: extinct
Front: extinct
[ɪkˈstɪŋkt] (研四六托雅宝 9357/9995 -1)
Vocabulary: extinct
(once / 816 pages)
adj
Something that no longer exists and has no living representative is extinct. Dinosaurs are extinct. Polar bears may become extinct. Sadly, history teachers who force their students to memorize long lists of dates are in no danger of becoming extinct.
You often hear of a species being extinct: there are no living representatives of the species left. But extinct also describes something that has gone out or grown cold, as in a dormant volcano "extinct volcano" or a tobacco pipe whose flame has died out "extinct pipe." That’s because extinct comes from the Latin extinguere/exstinguere for "extinguish." Originally extinct referred to fires that died out (were extinguished). Its meaning grew to encompass a family line and then a species.
WORD FAMILY
extinct: extincter
USAGE EXAMPLES
Nine different species from extinct lizards to trapdoor spiders got their names from the 44th U.S. president, which is more than any of his predecessors.
Science Magazine(Dec 29, 2016)
Urgent action is needed to stop the cheetah - the world's fastest land animal - becoming extinct, scientists say.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
Most move on, but Kevin Esvelt became transfixed at a young age by the idea that these extinct creatures were somehow related to us.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 灭绝的; 绝种的; 消逝的; 破灭的
分布：灭绝的(94%)，熄灭的(5%)，消亡的(1%)
→ex-, 向外。-stinct, 刺，词源同instinct, stick. 即拔刺，拔出，比喻义连根拔起，灭绝。
灭绝的(ex+stinct,来自extinguish,熄灭→灭绝的)[sting,stinct,stimul=priek表示"刺,刺激"]
a.灭绝的;熄灭了的The extinct exotic bird's feather contains zinc.那种已绝迹的珍奇的鸟的羽毛中含锌.
【记】tin熄灭；参：extinguish（vt 熄灭；消灭；偿清）
【参】distinction（n 区别；级别；声望；显赫）；instinct（n 本能；天性）
【反】extant（adj 现存的）；resuscitated（adj 复兴的；复苏的）
adjective
■not now existing 灭绝的；绝种的；消失的
• There is concern that the giant panda will soon become extinct. 有人担心大熊猫很快就会绝种。
• Many tribes became extinct when they came into contact with Western illnesses. 很多部落由于感染西方人的疾病而受到灭顶之灾。
• A lot of trades have become extinct because of the development of technology. 由于科技的发展很多行业都消失了。
■An extinct volcano is one that is not now active (= will not explode again). （火山）死的，不活跃的
vt. 使熄灭
 - out

Word: contraceptive
Front: contraceptive
[ˌkɒntrəˈseptɪv] (12985/15576 -1)
Back: n. 避孕用具; [药]避孕剂
adj. 避孕的，避孕用的
分布：避孕药(83%)，避孕的(12%)，避孕用具(5%)
US [ˌkɑ:n-] noun countable
■any of various devices or drugs intended to prevent pregnancy 避孕用具；避孕药
• The clinic provides a free supply of contraceptives on request. 该诊所可以免费提供避孕药具。
n. 避孕用具； [药] 避孕剂
 - prophylactic
adj. [药] 避孕的
 - antifertility

Word: jeopardy
Front: jeopardy
[ˈdʒepədi] (托宝 8398/11530 -1)
Vocabulary: jeopardy
(once / 1434 pages)
n
To be in jeopardy is to be in danger. Eating three plates of nachos a day may improve your chances of winning your office's nacho-eating contest; unfortunately, it could also put your health in jeopardy.
Jeopardy is a state of being, so this word is almost always preceded by the preposition "in." The phrase "in jeopardy" is just one of several ways to convey that someone is in trouble. You can also try "at risk," "in danger," or — if you're into idioms — "on thin ice," "out on a limb," or "up the creek without a paddle."
WORD FAMILY
jeopardy: jeopardies, jeopardise, jeopardize +/jeopardise: jeopardised, jeopardises, jeopardising/ jeopardize: jeopardized, jeopardizes, jeopardizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Because it is for each issue involved — the violence, alcoholism, mental incompetence and legal jeopardy — much less for all of them combined.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Attorney Ben Andrew Mondragon said he plans to move for his client’s case to be dismissed under double jeopardy.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The coaches say they understand losing will always put their jobs in jeopardy.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 危险; 危险境地; 被告在法庭上有被判罪的危险
分布：危险(100%)
→来自古法语jeu parti,一种机会平等的赌博游戏，来自jeu,赌博，玩乐，词源同joke,parti,分开，均等，词源同par,part.引申词义危险，风险，危害。比较dicey,hazard.
【记】读：jeo趴地，趴在地上是因为有危险。
【参】jeopardize（v 危害）
US [-ɚ-] noun
in jeopardy
■in danger of being damaged or destroyed 处于危险之中
• The lives of thousands of birds are in jeopardy as a result of the oil spillage. 石油泄漏使成千上万只鸟儿的生命受到威胁。
n. 危险；（被告处于被判罪或受处罚的）危险境地
 - risk, hazard

Word: hydroelectric
Front: hydroelectric
[ˌhaɪdrəʊɪˈlektrɪk] (16163/26081)
Back: adj. 水力发电的
分布：水力发电的(100%)
→hydro-,水，electric,电。
水力发电的(hydro+electric电)[hydy,hydro=water,表示"水"]
US [-droʊ-] adjective
■relating to or producing electricity by the force of fast moving water such as rivers or waterfalls 水力发电的，水电的
• a hydroelectric power station 水力发电站
adj. [电] 水力发电的；水电治疗的
 - hydel

Word: forefront
Front: forefront
[ˈfɔ:frʌnt] (托 8815/8475 -1)
Back: n. 最前部; 活动中心; 前列; 第一线
分布：最前线(65%)，最前列(35%)
N-SING
显著地位;重要位置;最前沿
If you are at the forefront of a campaign or other activity, you have a leading and influential position in it.
例：They have been at the forefront of the campaign for political change.他们一直处于政治变革运动的风口浪尖上。
N-SING
(思考或关注的)重心,焦点
If something is at the forefront of people's minds or attention, they think about it a lot because it is particularly important to them.
例：The pension issue was not at the forefront of his mind in the spring of 1985.在 1985 年春，养老金问题并非他关注的重点。

Word: misunderstanding
Front: misunderstanding
[ˌmɪsʌndəˈstændɪŋ] (8104/6869 -1)
Back: n. 误解; 误会; 不和
v. “misunderstand”的现在分词
分布：误解(70%)，误会(29%)，动词misunderstand的现在分词.(1%)
US [-dɚ-] noun
countable or uncountable
■when someone does not understand something correctly 误解；误会
• There must be some misunderstanding. I never asked for these chairs to be delivered. 一定是搞错了，我从来没有请人送这些椅子。
• His ridiculous comments showed a complete misunderstanding of the situation. 从他荒谬的评论可见他完全误解了形势。
countable informal
■a disagreement, argument or fight 争执；不和；打架
• often humorous "How did you get your black eye?" "Oh, I had a little misunderstanding with someone at the football match." “你眼睛怎么青了？”“哦，我在足球比赛时和人家起了点争执。”
n. 误解；误会；不和
 - mistake, misapprehension

Word: oppress
Front: oppress
[əˈpres] (研四六雅宝 13013/14569)
Vocabulary: oppress
(once / 170 pages)
v
When you oppress someone, you use your authority to keep them down. If you oppress people long enough, they might decide to fight back and then decide to oppress YOU.
There is a saying that "power corrupts," meaning that once someone gains power, they tend to misuse it in self-serving or brutal ways. Tyrants tend to oppress those beneath them, by limiting their rights. In the fairy tale Rapunzel, the evil old woman tried to oppress Rapunzel by keeping her locked in a tower. Another use of oppress means to cause to suffer. If the ninety degree heat outside will oppress you, you should stay inside in the air conditioning.
WORD FAMILY
oppress: oppressed, oppresses, oppressing, oppression, oppressive, oppressor +/ oppression: oppressions/ oppressive: oppressively, oppressiveness/ oppressor: oppressors
USAGE EXAMPLES
But this only works if your identity actually is oppressed.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
And it was aligned with oppressed people around the world, rather than demonizing them.
Salon(Dec 11, 2016)
Nusrat never refused care to anyone who needed it, including those who would oppress her people.
Time(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: vt. 使烦恼，使意气消沉，使气馁，使无精神; 压迫，压制
v. 虐待，欺侮; 〈古〉压倒; 给与沉重的感觉
时态：oppressed, oppressing, oppresses
分布：压迫(89%)，使烦恼(11%)
→op-,在上，表强调，press,压，按，逼迫。引申词义压制，压迫。
压迫,虐待(op加强动作+press→拼命压→压迫)[press=press表示"挤压"]
v.压迫,压制Cares oppressed his spirits.忧虑使他心情抑郁.
【记】op，press（压）一压下去，压迫
【参】depress（降低，抑制）；impressive（影象深刻的）
verb
RULE 统治
transitive often passive
■to govern people in an unfair and cruel way and prevent them from having opportunities and freedom 压迫；压制；欺压
• For years now, the people have been oppressed by a ruthless dictator. 多年来，人们一直身处残暴独裁者的压迫之下。
[ə'pres] verb
MAKE UNCOMFORTABLE 使不舒服
transitive
■to make a person feel uncomfortable or worried, and sometimes ill 使烦恼；使焦虑；使不适
• Strange dreams and nightmares oppressed him. 怪梦和噩梦使他感到焦虑不安。
oppress, suppress
这组词都有“压迫，镇压”的意思，其区别是：
oppress: 指用武力或权力等压迫、压制别人。
suppress: 通常指通过强力，迅速有力地制止某事，或用意志控制自己的感情。
vt. 压迫，压抑；使……烦恼；使……感到沉重
 - lie on

Word: snack
Front: snack
[snæk] (高研六雅 5187/7131 -2)
Back: n. 快餐，点心; 加餐
vi. 吃快餐
时态：snacked, snacking, snacks
分布：小吃(55%)，点心(40%)，吃点心(5%)
→来自中古荷兰语 snacken,抓，抢，狗咬，拼写变体自 snappen,抓，抢，词源同 snap.后引申词 义点心，小吃。
n.快餐,小吃,点心The man tackling the drawback of the brackets runs a slack snack business.那个解决支架缺点的人经营着萧条的小吃生意.
noun countable
 IMPROVER
■a small amount of food that is eaten between meals, or a very small meal 小吃，点心；速食
• I had a huge lunch, so I'll only need a snack for dinner. 我午餐吃得很饱，所以晚餐吃些点心就可以了。
• Fresh or dried fruit makes an ideal snack. 新鲜水果或果干是理想的点心。
• Many snack foods are high in salt, sugar and fat. 很多速食都是高盐、高糖、高脂肪。
[snæk] verb intransitive
■to eat small amounts of food between meals 吃点心，小食（在正餐之间吃少量的食物）
• I've been snacking all day. 我吃了一天的零食。
• If you eat three good meals a day, you're less likely to snack on biscuits and crisps. 如果你一天三餐好好吃，可能就不会把饼乾和薯片当点心了。
n. [贸易] 小吃，快餐；一份，部分
 - proportion, portion, percent, part, integral
vi. 吃快餐，吃点心
 - nosh

Word: seismic
Front: seismic
[ˈsaɪzmɪk] (托雅宝 11220/13281 -1)
Vocabulary: seismic
(once / 7256 pages)
adj
For the ancient Greeks, "seismos" meant an earthquake. Later on, when the study of earthquakes became a science, anything seismic meant anything related to the study of the pressures in the Earth's crust.
The English language has a long and proud tradition of stealing scientific words and applying them in all sorts of ways that scientists probably wish they didn't: Darwinian, tempestuous, evolutionary — to name but three. It's the same with seismic, which is now far more likely to be applied to political or psychological turmoil than anything to do with the earth opening up and molten hot lava spewing out.
WORD FAMILY
seismic: seismically+/microseism: microseisms/seism: microseism, seismal, seismic
USAGE EXAMPLES
And unless there’s some seismic improvement, Miami’s NBA draft lottery odds might look pretty good as well.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The seismic zone extends for about 30 miles from the city of Brawley, across the Salton Sea’s southern half, and ends near Bombay Beach.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But in retrospect the seismic shocks of 2016, both political and environmental, lent greater urgency to her nightmare vision.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 地震的; 由地震引起的; 震撼世界的
分布：地震的(100%)
→seism-,地震，-ic,形容词后缀。
【记】se色，is，mic麦克：色情的女人用mic叫－震撼世界的
adjective
[before noun]
■relating to or caused by an earthquake 地震的；地震引起的
• seismic activity/waves 地震活动／地震波
■having very great and damaging effects 造成严重破坏的
• The news that the chairman would resign set off seismic waves in the business community. 主席要辞职的消息在商界引发了剧烈震撼。

Word: sew
Front: sew
[səʊ] (高研四六托 6478/6446 -K1)
Vocabulary: sew
(once / 305 pages)
v
Sew describes stitching something together. If you sew up the holes in your socks, you use thread and a needle to close them.
The word sew comes from the Old English word siwian, to stitch. You can sew a patch on a pair of jeans, sew a dress, or sew up a hole in your grandmother's old quilt. A figurative meaning of sew, as in the phrase to sew something up, is to secure something or bring it to a happy conclusion, like sewing up the plot in the last chapter of a book. Don't confuse sew with sow, to plant or set in motion.
WORD FAMILY
sew: oversew, resew, sewed, sewer, sewing, sewn, sews+/oversew: oversewed, oversewing, oversewn/resew: resewed, resewing, resewn, resews/sewer: sewers/sewing: sewings
USAGE EXAMPLES
At Jo-Ann Fabric, the sewing aisle, a beacon of immigrant industriousness, was humming.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Basically you sew together an obese mouse that is missing leptin with a slim mouse, surgically attaching their circulatory systems.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Her vocational activities included crocheting, quilting and sewing.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 缝，做针线活; 缝纫; 装钉（书籍）
时态：sewed, sewn, sewing, sews
分布：缝纫(59%)，缝合(41%)
→来自中古英语 sewen,缝制，来自古英语 siwian,缝制，来自 Proto-Germanic*siwjana,缝制，来 自 siw,衍生自*syu,缝制，词源同 seam,suture,couture.sew 排污，排水
v.缝,缝纫The crew unscrewed the screws from the sewing-machine and chewed them.船员们从缝纫机上旋下螺钉并咀嚼它们.
US [soʊ] (sewed, sewn or sewed)
verb
 ADVANCED intransitive or transitive
■to join two pieces of cloth together by putting thread through them with a needle 缝；做针线活
• My grandmother taught me to sew. 我祖母教我做针线活。
• I made this skirt just by sewing two pieces of material together. 我把两块料子缝在一起，就做成了这条裙子。
• He sewed the badge neatly onto his uniform. 他把徽章精心地缝在制服上。
 ADVANCED transitive
■to make a piece of clothing by joining pieces of cloth together by putting thread through them with a needle 缝制（衣服）
• She sews all her children's clothes. 孩子们的衣服都是她缝制的。
intransitive or transitive
■to use a needle and thread to join up the edges of a cut in the skin or other part of the body 缝合（伤口）
• The muscle layer needs to be sewn first. 先要缝合肌肉层。
• His finger was cut off when he caught it in a machine, but the surgeon was able to sew it back on. 他的手指被机器夹住切断了，不过外科医生能够把断指缝合上去。
UK [səʊ] US [soʊ] (sewed, sewn or sewed)
verb
  Phrasal Verbs  sew sth up
REPAIR
[M]
■to close or repair something by sewing the edges together 缝合；缝补
• I've got to sew up that hole in your jeans. 我得把你牛仔裤上的那个洞缝起来。
• A nurse will come and sew up that wound for you soon. 马上就有护士来为你缝合伤口。
BE SUCCESSFUL [usually passive] informal
■If you have a competition or game sewn up, you are certain you can win it or get control of it 确信能赢得，对…胜券在握；视…为囊中之物
• The Democrats appear to have the election sewn up. 民主党看来已确信会在选举中获胜。
[M]
■to complete all the arrangements for a successful business agreement 谈妥，敲定（交易）
• It's going to take another week or two to sew up this deal. 要再花一两个星期才能谈妥这笔交易。
vt. 缝合，缝上；缝纫
 - seam, oversew
vi. 缝纫，缝
 - needle work

Word: sausage
Front: sausage
[ˈsɒsɪdʒ] (中高研四六 6199/5664 -2)
Vocabulary: sausage
(once / 1414 pages)
1n 2n
Sausage is a food made from meat that's minced or ground, flavored with seasonings, and encased in a thin skin. It's best not to think too much about what lives inside a sausage casing; just enjoy eating it.
There are many kinds of sausage, some of which are sold raw, some cooked, and others smoked, cured, or dried. Traditionally, sausages have been a way to avoid waste, by using the less appealing parts of a butchered pig or cow, and a practical way to preserve meat so that it doesn't have to be cooked immediately or frozen. In the mid-fifteenth century, the word was spelled sawsyge, from a Latin root, salsus, or "salted."
WORD FAMILY
sausage: sausages
USAGE EXAMPLES
“He considers names such as vegan curry sausage and so forth to be misleading to consumers,” Jens Urban told reporters.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The menu: A short selection of sandwiches, soups and salads, plus a gratifying vegetable hash that becomes outstanding with the $2.50 addition of house-made sausage.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
So they pack Aldimanshqi — no pork sausages or pickled herring here — from early in the morning until late in the evening.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 香肠，腊肠; 〈口〉德国人
分布：香肠(89%)，腊肠(11%)
→来自 sauce,盐渍物，调味料，酱，-age,名词后缀。引申词义香肠。词义演变比较 toilet,原义 为网，装化妆品的网兜。
n.香肠,腊肠In the beautiful bureau my daughter's laughter served for the sauce of the sausage.在漂亮的办公署,女儿的笑声充当了香肠的调料.
US ['sɑ:.sɪdʒ] noun countable or uncountable
 IMPROVER
■a thin tube-like case containing meat which has been cut into very small pieces and mixed with spices 香肠，腊肠
• fried/grilled pork sausages 煎／烤猪肉香肠
• half a pound of garlic sausage 半磅蒜肠
UK ['sɒs.ɪdʒ] US ['sɑ:.sɪdʒ] noun countable or uncountable
not a sausage UK old-fashioned humorous
■nothing 甚么也没有，毫无，一点也不
• "Did you find anything out?" "No, not a sausage." “发现甚么了吗？”“没有，甚么也没发现。”
n. [食品] 香肠；腊肠；装香肠的碎肉
 - wust, wurst

Word: tit
Front: tit
[tɪt] (14119/10442 -1)
Back: n. [鸟]山雀; <古>小马; 小丫头; 奶头
分布：山雀(62%)，乳房(38%)
→来自古英语 titt,奶头，词源同 teat,最终词源不详，可能来自拟声词，模仿吸奶的声音。
noun countable
BIRD 鸟
■a common small bird found in the northern half of the world 山雀
[tɪt] noun countable
BREAST 胸部 offensive
■a woman's breast （女人的）乳房
• He says he likes women with big tits. 他说他喜欢大胸部的女人。
[tɪt] noun countable
PERSON 人 UK slang
■a stupid person. This word is considered offensive by some people 窝囊废，笨蛋（冒犯语）
• Why did you do that, you stupid great tit? 你为甚么那样做，你这个笨蛋？
[tɪt] noun countable
get on sb's tits UK offensive
■to annoy someone 使（某人）厌烦
• Stop it, Joe, you're really getting on my tits. 停下，乔，你快要把我烦死了。
n. 乳头；山雀；各种小鸟；小马；少妇；轻打
 - nipple, niple

Word: anonymity
Front: anonymity
[ˌænəˈnɪməti] (宝 7498/11191)
Vocabulary: anonymity
(once / 2121 pages)
n
If you want a little bit of invisibility, you might seek anonymity, or being anonymous and nameless. He was a very wealthy man, and he gave most of his money away with quiet anonymity, so no one knew who was helping.
The noun anonymity comes from a Greek word meaning "without a name." If you have anonymity, you have namelessness, and people will not know who you are. Some words that are the opposite of anonymity are "celebrity" and "fame." Sometimes people request anonymity, as in "he phoned the police to report the break-in across the street but requested anonymity so the burglars wouldn't know who turned them in."
WORD FAMILY
anonymity: anonymities+/ anonymous: anonymity, anonymously
USAGE EXAMPLES
All officials spoke on the condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to speak to reporters.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The killings were confirmed by a law enforcement official who was not authorized to discuss the matter publicly and spoke on condition of anonymity.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The officials all spoke on condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to speak to the media.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 匿名; 作者不详; 匿名者; 无名者
分布：匿名(99%)，笔者不明(1%)
无名,匿名(an+onym+ity)[onym=nam,表示"名字"]
US [-ə'nɪm.ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
■when someone's name is not given or known 匿名；无名；不公开姓名
• The police have reassured witnesses who may be afraid to come forward that they will be guaranteed anonymity. 警方已让那些可能害怕站出来作证的目击证人放心，保证不公开他们的姓名。
n. 匿名；匿名者；无名之辈
 - cryptonym

Word: alphabet
Front: alphabet
[ˈælfəbet] (高研四六 9190/11157 -K1)
Vocabulary: alphabet
(once / 915 pages)
1n 2n
An alphabet is a set of all the letters in a written language. The letters in an alphabet represent the different sounds in that language. When you sing the A, B, C song, you are singing the English alphabet. Rock on.
If you grew up speaking English, you're most familiar with the English alphabet, which is based on the 26-letter Latin alphabet. Other languages, like German, use this same alphabet with a few added characters, like Ü and ß, to represent specific sounds in spoken German. The Greek root of alphabet is alphabetos, a combination of the first and second letters in the Greek alphabet, alpha, and beta.
WORD FAMILY
alphabet: alphabetic, alphabetical, alphabetise, alphabetize, alphabets+/alphabetical: alphabetically /alphabetise: alphabetisation, alphabetised, alphabetiser/ alphabetize: alphabetization, alphabetized, alphabetizer, alphabetizes, alphabetizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
At just 19.8 times forward earnings, Alphabet trades at a discount to internet peers Facebook’s and Amazon.com’s multiples of 23 times and 87 times, respectively.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 26, 2016)
In truth it is not much of a separation, as the firm will still be inside Alphabet and will not disclose more financial details.
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
Then Google conjured up a corporate superstructure called Alphabet, slotting itself in as the only profitable firm.
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 字母表; 字母系统; 入门，初步
分布：字母表(95%)，符号系统(5%)
→alpha，希腊语第一个字母，同A.bet, 希腊语第二个字母，同B.
n.字母表;初步,入门Can you find where S is in the alphabet?你能在字母表上找到S吗?
noun countable
 IMPROVER
■a set of letters arranged in a fixed order which is used for writing a language 字母表
• the Cyrillic alphabet 西里尔字母表
letter, alphabet, script, character
这组词都有“字母”的意思，其区别是：
letter: 指单个的字母。
alphabet: 指整个字母系统或一种语言的字母表，不表单个字母。
script: 指书写或印刷的字母。
character: 通常指汉语的方块字，也指字符。
n. [语] 字母表，字母系统；入门，初步
 - ABC, rudiments

Word: affiliation
Front: affiliation
[əˌfɪliˈeɪʃn] (研宝 6180/9080)
Vocabulary: affiliation
(once / 4104 pages)
n
An affiliation is an official connection to something. To have an affiliation to something is to be affiliated with it. The Tea Party pretty clearly has an affiliation with the Republican Party.
You can be connected to all sorts of things, but to have an affiliation is to have an official connection. A local church might have an affiliation with a larger religious organization. A bunch of small groups might share an affiliation with a larger one, as in the case of baseball teams and the leagues they belong to. Often you'll hear politicians denying any affiliation with certain groups, places, or companies, because they want to appear neutral. If you have an affiliation with something, you're likely to pay it extra attention.
WORD FAMILY
affiliation: affiliations, reaffiliation+/ affiliate: affiliated, affiliates, affiliating, affiliation / affiliated: unaffiliated
USAGE EXAMPLES
Hawkins said last week the choir’s tradition of presidential performances was not akin to “implied support of party affiliations or politics”.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Hawkins said last week the choir’s tradition of presidential performances isn’t “implied support of party affiliations or politics.”
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
He shrugged off Washington’s claims of their Russian affiliation.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 加入; 附属; 联系或关系; 接纳
分布：联系(61%)，加入(36%)，入会(3%)
入会,加入(affiliate使紧密联系,a+fil儿子+iate)[-ion 1.表名词"动作或状态“2.表示"某种物,用品"]
noun countable or uncountable
■a connection with a political party or religion, or with a larger organization 隶属（关系）；从属关系；联系
• The group has affiliations with several organizations abroad. 该团体和数个国外组织有联系。
• Their lack of affiliation to any particular bank allows them to give objective financial advice. 他们不隶属任何一家银行，这就使他们能够提供客观的理财建议。
• political affiliations 政治联系
n. 友好关系；加入；联盟；从属关系
 - alliance, union, association, league, federation

Word: congested
Front: congested
[kənˈdʒestɪd] (托 14602/14407 -1)
Vocabulary: congested
(once / 4954 pages)
adj
If you are having trouble breathing, you keep sneezing, and your head feels like it might explode, you may very well be congested. In other words, fluid may have built up in your sinuses and your lungs.
Being congested is a typical but very unpleasant symptom of the common cold. This adjective literally means “clogged,” “overcrowded,” or “overfull.” Congested is also used to describe arteries that are clogged, cities that are overpopulated, and roads that are full of traffic.
WORD FAMILY
congest: congested, congesting, congestion, congestive, congests+/ congestion: congestions/congestive: congestively
USAGE EXAMPLES
In cities, they typically travel above the existing maze of congested highways and bridges.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
He said there is often friction between productions and local business owners over the scarcity of parking in the increasingly congested neighborhood.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 25, 2016)
In such a congested midfield scrap, it was natural that the full-backs found space.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 拥挤的; 堵塞的
v. 拥挤(congest的过去式和过去分词); 堵塞
分布：拥挤的(74%)，充血的(11%)，堵塞的(11%)，鼻子不通的(2%)，动词congest的过去式和过去分词.(2%)
→con-, 强调。-gest, 携带，词源同gesture, belligerent, aggestus(拉丁词，积聚). 即带到一起的。
adjective
■too blocked or crowded and causing difficulties 堵塞的；拥挤的；挤满的
■describes roads and towns where there is too much traffic and movement is made difficult （道路和城镇）堵塞的，阻塞的，拥堵的
■describes someone who cannot breathe through their nose because it is blocked, usually during an infection （通常指由于染病而鼻子）阻塞的
■describes lungs or other body parts that have become too full of blood or other liquid （肺部或其他身体部位）充血的，充满液体的
adj. 堵塞的，拥挤的
 - blocked, crowded, jammed
v. 挤满；超负荷（congest的过去分词）
 - jampacked

Word: birthplace
Front: birthplace
[ˈbɜ:θpleɪs] (高 11526/11609 -1)
Back: n. 诞生地，出生地
分布：出生地(59%)，发源地(41%)
US ['bɝ:θ-] noun countable usually singular
■the house, town, etc. where a person was born 出生地
n. 出生地
 - country of birth, born city

Word: gorge
Front: gorge
[gɔ:dʒ] (托宝 12154/10137 -1)
Vocabulary: gorge
(once / 548 pages)
1n 2v
A gorge is a very deep crevice between two mountains or hills. Gorges are formed by rivers running through and eroding rock over a very long period of time.
The Latin root of gorge means "throat," leading to both the "narrow passage" meaning and the French gorgier, "to swallow," which influenced the verb version of gorge, "to overeat." You may love to gorge on ice cream, but the stomachache afterword won't be very pleasant. To remember the "canyon" meaning, think of the famous upstate New York bumper sticker, “Ithaca is gorges.” It's a play on gorgeous, meaning beautiful, and the beautiful ravines in the area.
WORD FAMILY
gorge: disgorge, engorge, gorged, gorger, gorges, gorging, overgorge, regorge+/ disgorge: disgorged, disgorgement, disgorges, disgorging/disgorgement: disgorgements/engorge: engorged, engorgement, engorges, engorging/gorger: gorgers/overgorge: overgorged/regorge: regorged
USAGE EXAMPLES
Here it seems like most young people are super overweight and getting together means doing something super-sedentary and gorging yourself on food.
New York Times(Oct 18, 2016)
This year’s programs in New York include a seal walk, winter woodlands, a history tour, a snowshoe waterfall hike, gorge walks and pet-friendly treks.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
In the current conflict-rich environment, Wall Street gorges itself on the public’s retirement assets.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 山峡，峡谷; 咽喉; 暴食; 障碍物
vt. 使吃饱; 吞下; 使扩张
vi. 狼吞虎咽，拚命吃
时态：gorged, gorging, gorges
分布：峡谷(69%)，狼吞虎咽(9%)，咽喉(8%)，暴食(7%)，饱食(2%)，厌恶(2%)，大量食物(1%)，贪婪地吞咽(1%)，阻碍物(1%)
→来自gwere, 喉咙，吞没，拟声词，词源同vorocity. 引申义峡谷。比较gulch.
吞咽,峡谷[gorg=throat(喉)]
【记】gorge＝throat（n 咽喉）－峡谷
【参】gauge（n 标准；规格v 测量）读：稿纸；gouge（n 半圆凿vt 欺骗）
US [gɔ:rdʒ] noun
VALLEY 山谷
countable
■a deep narrow valley with steep sides, usually formed by a river or stream cutting through hard rock （通常指河流冲刷而成的）峡，峡谷
UK [gɔ:dʒ] US [gɔ:rdʒ] noun
DISGUST 厌恶
make your gorge rise
■to make you feel shocked, sick and angry 令人作呕；令人愤怒
UK [gɔ:dʒ] US [gɔ:rdʒ] verb [I or R]
■to eat until you are unable to eat any more 狼吞虎咽；塞饱
• [R] If you gorge your self on crisps like that, you won't eat your dinner. 你要是那样狼吞虎咽地吃薯片，晚饭就吃不下了。
dine, gorge, have, swallow, eat, devour, consume
这组词都有“吃”的意思，其区别是：
dine: 正式用词，既可指一日三餐中的任何一餐，也可以指特殊的用餐。
gorge: 侧重指拼命地吃或塞，强调吃饱或吃得过量。
have: 可与eat换用，但强调一次性的动作。
swallow: 主要指吃的整个过程的第二部分“咽”，并常指咀嚼得匆匆忙忙地吃。
eat: 普通用词，使用广泛。既可用于人，也可用于动物。
devour: 指狼吞虎咽地吃，强调吃得既快又彻底。
consume: 侧重痛痛快快地吃得一干二净，可用于人和动物。
n. [地理] 峡谷；胃；暴食； [机] 咽喉；障碍物
 - stomach, barrier, block, canyon, bottleneck
vt. 使吃饱；吞下；使扩张
 - swallow down, get sth down
vi. 拚命吃；狼吞虎咽
 - gobble up, bolt down

Word: forebear
Front: forebear
[ˈfɔ:ˌbeə, ˈfəʊr-] (托宝 15920/14442)
Vocabulary: forebear
(once / 8124 pages)
n
Your father, grandmother, and great grandfather are all your forebears. A forebear is an ancestor, or someone you are descended from.
You might have thought that forebear means to stop yourself from doing something. The word you are thinking of is forbear. Confused? The "e" makes all of the difference here. Whereas the first is a noun, the second is a verb. Just remember that if you see fore like in before, it's the people who came before you.
WORD FAMILY
forebear: forebears+/ bear: bearable, bearer, bearing, bearish, bears, borne, forebear, overbear/ bearable: bearably, unbearable / bearer: bearers/ bearing: bearings, nonbearing/bearish: bearishly/overbear: overbearing, overbears, overbore, overborne/ overbearing: overbearingly, overbearingness/ unbearable: unbearably
USAGE EXAMPLES
Compared with forebears such as these, what is striking about Trump is how little he engages, at least explicitly, with questions of culture and identity.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
And then there were the sly nods to his forebears.
Time(Dec 26, 2016)
Here, too, it shares something in common with its forebears.
The New Yorker(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: n. 祖先，祖宗
分布：祖先(68%)，祖宗(24%)，=forbear.(8%)
→fore-,在前。be, 存在。-ar, 后缀，人。即先辈，祖先。forebear 祖先；祖宗
【记】fore（adj 以前的adv 在前面n 前部prep 在前）bear（n 熊v 忍受）－从前的熊－祖先
【反】descendant（n 子孙后代）
US ['fɔ:r.ber] noun countable usually plural formal
■a relation who lived in the past; an ancestor 祖先，祖宗
n. 祖先；祖宗
 - father, root

Word: leo

Word: insecure
Front: insecure
[ˌɪnsɪˈkjʊə(r)] (10533/11089 -2)
Vocabulary: insecure
(once / 1718 pages)
1adj 2adj 3adj
Insecure means either lacking self-confidence or lacking security. An insecure person might constantly doubt their own intelligence. An insecure building is an easy target for even the most bumbling burglar.
Break insecure down to its basic parts and you've got in, meaning "not," combined with secure, meaning "safe": not safe. This understanding of the word emerged in the 1640’s. It wasn't until 1917 that people began to use insecure to describe delicate, unsure egos. Today it's used to describe everything from easily cracked safes to uncertain futures.
WORD FAMILY
insecure: insecurely, insecureness, insecurity +/ insecurity: insecurities/ secure: insecure, secured, securely, secureness, securer, secures, securest, securing, security /secured: unsecured/securer: securers/ security: securities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Typically, the focus is on security for the Israeli occupier, not for the occupied Palestinians who are in fact utterly insecure.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
I would 100% recommend to anyone who is insecure about flying.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
He cites rising homelessness, the crisis in social care funding and the increasing prevalence of low pay and insecure jobs.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 无安全的; 不稳定的; 不牢靠的; （地面，冰等）易坍陷的
分布：不安全的(75%)，不可靠的(13%)，缺乏安全感的(6%)，缺乏信心的(4%)，不稳固的(2%)
→in-,不，非，secure,安全的。
【记】secure（adj 安全可靠的；放心的；无虑的）
US [-'kjʊr] adjective
NOT CONFIDENT 不自信的
■Insecure people have little confidence and are uncertain about their own abilities and about whether other people really like them 无把握的；缺乏信心的
• I wonder what it was about her upbringing that made her so insecure. 我想知道究竟是甚么样的成长经历造成她如此不自信。
• He still feels insecure about his ability to do the job. 他对自己是否有能力胜任这项工作仍没有把握。
UK [ˌɪn.sɪ'kjʊər] US [-'kjʊr] adjective
NOT SAFE 不安全的
■(of objects or situations) not safe or not protected （物体）不牢固的，不安全的；（局势）无保障的，不稳定的
• The situation is still insecure, with many of the rebels roaming the streets. 许多叛乱分子在大街上出没，局势仍然不稳定。
• Nations which are not self-sufficient in energy will face an insecure future. 能源不能自给的国家，其未来是没有保障的。
• We've gone through a few financially insecure years. 我们经历了好几年的金融动荡。
adj. 不安全的；不稳定的；不牢靠的
 - unstable, unsafe

Word: methodology
Front: methodology
[ˌmeθəˈdɒlədʒi] (托 5679/5499 -1)
Vocabulary: methodology
(once / 10314 pages)
n
A methodology is a plan-of-attack, especially when that plan-of-attack is used repeatedly.
This might be obvious, but the word methodology is related to the word method. In fact, a methodology is a system of methods followed consistently. Scientists, for example, use various methodologies as they perform experiments. It might seem like the world is nothing but chaos and disorder. But actually, sometimes there is a method to this madness. And sometimes there’s a methodology.
WORD FAMILY
methodology: methodological, methodologies+/ methodological: methodologically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Yes, these people are working against basic human biology, but the methodology they're being taught is setting them up to fail.
New York Times(May 02, 2016)
“Our methodology seemed to work well in traditional races but not this race,” he said.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Acknowledging her methodology as “a copy editor’s nightmare,” Ms. Faludi said she flubbed it only once.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. （从事某一活动的）一套方法; 方法学; 方法论
分布：方法学(86%)，一套方法(14%)
→来自method,方法，-logy,学说。引申词义原则。
US [-'dɑ:.lə-] noun countable or uncountable
■a system of ways of doing, teaching or studying something 一套方法；方法论；教学法
• The methodology and findings of the research team have been criticized. 这个研究小组的研究方法和研究结果受到了批评。

Word: legislate
Front: legislate
[ˈledʒɪsleɪt] (托雅宝 12493/11880 -1)
Vocabulary: legislate
(once / 81 pages)
v
To legislate is to make laws. If you thought there should be a law that all money should be pink instead of green, you might write to your congresswoman with a suggestion to legislate your idea.
Formal government bodies legislate. So, while you might create a rule at home to ban phone calls at dinner, the House of Representatives would legislate communication regulations during meals. Legislate may seem like a tricky word, but you can easily remember the meaning if you notice that the word begins with the same leg as the word legal does; both words relate to the law.
WORD FAMILY
legislate: legislated, legislates, legislating, legislation, legislative, legislator, legislature +/ legislation: legislations/ legislative: legislatively/ legislator: legislators, legislatorship/ legislature: legislatures
USAGE EXAMPLES
“The belief that if you legislate something, it happens.”
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
But viability is a difficult concept, at least when you’re trying to legislate it.
Time(Dec 20, 2016)
Perhaps they remember how the city drove itself into bankruptcy two decades ago with similarly irresponsible, feel-good legislating.
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 立法，制定法律; 〈美〉以立法程序创立
时态：legislated, legislating, legislates
分布：制定法律(74%)，用立法规定(26%)
→来自拉丁语legis lation,立法，legis,法律，词源同legal,lation,提出，带来，词源同translate.
立法(legis+late放→放出法律→立法)[leg,legis=law,表示"法律"]
['ledʒ.ɪ.sleɪt] formal
verb intransitive
■If a government legislates, it makes a new law 立法
• They promised to legislate against cigarette advertising. 他们承诺要立法来打击香烟广告。
• It's hard to legislate for (= make a law that will protect) the ownership of an idea. 透过立法来保护创意所有权非常困难。
vi. 立法；制定法律
 - pass laws

Word: microscope
Front: microscope
[ˈmaɪkrəskəʊp] (高研四六托宝 8309/7274 -1)
Vocabulary: microscope
(once / 1490 pages)
n
A microscope is a mechanical instrument that magnifies the image of small objects. You would use a microscope to look at something tiny, like an amoeba.
First used in the 1650s, microscope is descended from the Modern Latin microscopium, meaning "an instrument for viewing what is small." In science, microscopes are essential for examining material that can't be seen with the naked eye, like bacteria and viruses. In the same vein, you might feel like you're "under a microscope" if you're being very closely observed and scrutinized, like a star in the limelight or a politician in front of the media.
WORD FAMILY
microscope: microscopes
USAGE EXAMPLES
At her workbench, she uses a microscope while cutting and removing tiny bits of metal with a sharp blade called a graver.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
The team sliced one of the tiny P. andrewsi teeth into sections and examined them in a microscope under polarized light.
Science Magazine(Jan 02, 2017)
“I think a lot of it, especially at summer camp, is they’re under a microscope,” Wilson said.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 显微镜
分布：显微镜(100%)
→micro-,微小的，-scope,看，词源同telescope.比喻用法。
显微镜(micro+scope看→看小东西→显微镜)[micro-表示"微,小"]
n.显微镜I hope to make copper copies of the telescope and microscope for hobby in the lobby.我希望制作望远镜和显微镜的铜质复制品.
【记】micro小，scope看：看小的东西的东西－显微镜
US [-skoʊp] noun countable
■a device that uses lenses to make very small objects look larger, so that they can be scientifically examined and studied 显微镜
• They looked at the blood samples under the microscope. 他们在显微镜下观察血液样本。
UK ['maɪ.krə.skəʊp] US [-skoʊp] noun countable
put sth under the microscope
■to examine or think about a situation very carefully 仔细检查；仔细考虑
• The investigation put the company's financial accounts under the microscope 这次调查对该公司的金融帐户进行了仔细审查。

Word: paddy

Word: musk
Front: musk
[mʌsk] (21068/26203)
Back: n. 麝香; 香猫
分布：麝(57%)，麝香(43%)
→来自拉丁语mus,老鼠，词源同mouse,muscle,mussel.-k,小词后缀，词源同-kin.由小老鼠引申词义阴囊，后用于指散发麝香香味的麝鹿的麝腺体，即麝香。其词义演变体现了古代的用熟悉之物来命名某相似之物的命名法。比较musket,dragoon.
noun uncountable
■a substance with a strong sweet smell, used in making perfumes 麝香；人造麝香

Word: retrospect
Front: retrospect
[ˈretrəspekt] (研六托雅 8344/9533 -1)
Vocabulary: retrospect
(once / 1366 pages)
nv
In retrospect — that is, in looking back and contemplating the past — we sometimes find ourselves wishing that we had done some things differently.
Though this word most commonly appears as a noun in the phrase "in retrospect," it can also be used as a verb. The prefix retro- means “back," and spect is a component of the words inspect, spectator, spectacles, and perspective, among others, which all have to do with looking or seeing. So it makes sense that retrospect means to look back in time, or to remember.
WORD FAMILY
retrospect: retrospected, retrospecting, retrospection, retrospective, retrospects+/ retrospection: retrospections/ retrospective: retrospectively, retrospectives
USAGE EXAMPLES
But in retrospect the seismic shocks of 2016, both political and environmental, lent greater urgency to her nightmare vision.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Anyway, the meaning was fairly obvious, in retrospect.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Only now, in retrospect, does the encounter foreshadow the anger and fear that was a dominant theme of the 2016 campaign.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 回顾，回想
vt. &vi. 回顾; 追溯
时态：retrospected, retrospecting, retrospects
分布：回顾(56%)，回想(34%)，追溯(10%)
→retro-,向后，往回，-spect,看，词源同 respect,spectator.
回顾,回想(retro+spect看→向后看)[retro-表示"向后,倒退"]
回顾,回想(retro向后+spect看→向后看→回顾)[spect,spic=look,see,表示"看"]
v./n.回顾,回想,追溯[反]foreseeThe respectful spectator gave the prospective president a retrospect of the spectacular spectrum.恭敬的旁观者对未来的总统回顾了壮观的光谱(景象).
US [-rə-] noun
in retrospect
■thinking now about something in the past 回顾；回想
• In retrospect, I think my marriage was doomed from the beginning. 现在回头看，我觉得我的婚姻从一开始就注定要破裂。
• I'm sure my university days seem happier in retrospect than they really were. 我敢说，回顾我的大学时光，看起来肯定要比当时实际生活幸福。
n. 回顾，追溯
 - review, recalling
vi. 回顾，追溯；回想
 - to look back, look back on
vt. 回顾；追忆
 - to look back, look back on

Word: resemblance
Front: resemblance
[rɪˈzembləns] (研六托雅 7553/6479 -1)
Vocabulary: resemblance
(once / 357 pages)
n
A resemblance is a similarity in appearance. Children usually have a strong resemblance to their biological parents.
When you talk about resemblances, you're talking about people or things that look alike in some way. Relatives often have resemblances because they share the same genes. Perhaps you have a resemblance to a famous person. Many people think there's a resemblance between dogs and their owners. If someone draws a picture of you, but it has no resemblance to what you really look like, they did a bad job.
WORD FAMILY
resemblance: resemblances+/ resemble: resemblance, resembled, resembles, resembling
USAGE EXAMPLES
His only resemblance to Santa is his white hair and his deep belly laugh.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
On her desk is a framed photograph of Jesse: he’s a handsome man, formally dressed, with a resemblance to the poet TS Eliot.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
It bears a remarkable resemblance to Mr. Trump.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 相似，形似; 外表，外观; 相似物，相似点; 肖像
分布：相似(91%)，相像(9%)
→来自 resemble,像，相像。
相像(rely相像)[-ance表名词"性质,状况"]
n.相似,相似性[点,物]The trembles of the umbrella assembly lines have resemblances.这些雨伞装配线的抖动有相似之处.
noun countable or uncountable
 ADVANCED
■when two people or things look like each other or are similar in some other way 像；看起来像；与…相似
• There was a clear family resemblance between all the brothers. 所有兄弟都长得很像，一眼就看得出是一家人。
• These prices bear no resemblance to (= are completely different from) the ones I saw printed in the newspaper. 这些价格和我在报纸上看到的大相径庭。
likeness, similarity, resemblance, analogy
这组词都有“相似，类似”的意思，其区别是：
likeness: 普通用词，指人或物从外观看去，有很明显的相似之处，或完全相似。
similarity: 指不同的人或事物在外表、特征、程度或性质等方面有某些相似之处。
resemblance: 指外观或性质有相似之处。
analogy: 指外表或实质均不相同的事物对比之下的类似之处。
n. 相似；相似之处；相似物；肖像
 - image, conformity, likeness

Word: subvert
Front: subvert
[səbˈvɜ:t] (托宝 11404/12159 -1)
Vocabulary: subvert
(once / 1310 pages)
v
When you subvert something, your words or actions criticize or undermine the usual way of doing something or common values. The girl who wears a tuxedo to the prom might subvert traditional ideas about beauty.
To subvert an institution like a school or a government is to overthrow it or stop its normal way of functioning. Subvert comes from the Latin word subvertere, which combines the prefix sub, under, and the suffix vertere, to turn. So you can imagine something that subverts as overturning or flipping the usual way of doing things, like a student who subverts a teacher's authority, causing chaos in the classroom.
WORD FAMILY
subvert: subversion, subversive, subverted, subverter, subverting, subverts+/ subversion: countersubversion, subversions/ subversive: subversively, subversiveness, subversives/subverter: subverters
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr Younger also warned that "hybrid warfare", which included cyber-attacks and subverting democracy, was becoming an "increasingly dangerous phenomenon".
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
For any American leader, an attempt to subvert U.S. democracy ought to be unforgivable — even if he is the intended beneficiary.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
What if he tries to subvert investigations of Russian hacking that are being conducted by our intelligence agencies and Congress?
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 颠覆，推翻; 破坏; 搅乱人心; 败坏风化
时态：subverted, subverting, subverts
分布：颠覆(68%)，推翻(25%)，毁灭(5%)，使败坏(2%)
→sub-,在下，-vert,转，词源同 verse,convert.引申词义颠覆，暗中破坏等。
【记】sub下面，vert转－在下面转－推翻
【反】reinforce（v 加强）
US [-'vɝ:t] formal
verb transitive
■to try to destroy or damage something, especially an established political system 破坏，动摇，颠覆（尤指已有的政治体系）
• The rebel army is attempting to subvert the government. 叛军试图推翻政府。
• Our best intentions are sometimes subverted by our natural tendency to selfishness. 我们的良好意图有时会被自私的本性破坏。
vt. 颠覆；推翻；破坏
 - destroy, upset

Word: arc
Front: arc
[ɑ:k] (六托雅 5923/6611 -1)
Vocabulary: arc
(once / 847 pages)
1nv 2n
An arc is a curve. You can describe the bend of a rainbow as an arc.
In math, an arc is one section of a circle, but in life you can use the word to mean any curved shape, like the arc of a ballerina's arm or the graceful arc of a flowering vine over a trellis. In the 14th century, arc first meant the movement of the sun in the sky, from the Old French arc, "bow or arch," and the Latin root arcus, also "bow or arch."
WORD FAMILY
arc: arced, arcing, arcs, arcuate
USAGE EXAMPLES
But Harley stopped, set his feet, and tossed an arcing pass toward the end zone.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Montana shot 26 of 65 from the field and knocked down 10 of 17 shots from beyond the arc.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Thomas erased the deficit with consecutive 3-pointers, then added another from beyond the arc with 7:14 left to put Boston up 93-89.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 综合症状; 弧（度）; 天穹; 电弧，弧光。
vi. 形成拱状物; 循弧线行进
abbr. American Red Cross. 美国红十字会
时态：arcked, arcking, arcs
分布：弧(96%)，形成电弧(2%)，弧形物(1%)，按弧形轨迹行进(1%)
→来自PIE *arku, 弯，拱。
US [ɑ:rk] noun countable
CURVE 曲线
■the shape of part of a circle, or other curved line 弧；弧状；弧线；弧形
• The ball rose in a high arc and fell behind the boundary line. 球在空中高高地划了一条弧线落在边线外。
UK [ɑ:k] US [ɑ:rk] noun countable
ELECTRICITY 电
■a powerful flow of electricity which goes across a space between two points 电弧，弧光
UK [ɑ:k] US [ɑ:rk] verb
CURVE 曲线
intransitive
■to move in the shape of an arc 循弧线行进；做弧形运动
• The rocket arced gracefully into the sky. 火箭升空，在空中划出一条优美的弧线。
UK [ɑ:k] US [ɑ:rk] verb
ELECTRICITY 电
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to make an electric arc 形成电弧

Word: authentic
Front: authentic
[ɔ:ˈθentɪk] (高研六托雅宝 5000/6476 -2)
Vocabulary: authentic
(once / 600 pages)
adj
The adjective authentic describes something that is real or genuine and not counterfeit. Be careful when you are buying jewelry or watches. If you are going to buy a diamond ring, you want an authentic diamond and not glass. That would be authentic glass but a fake diamond!
In addition to describing something real, the adjective authentic describes something reliable, based on fact, and believable. If you have to write a research paper for school, be sure to use authentic facts and figures. The teacher is sure to check if you write, "My little sister told me that the Eiffel Tower is about 10,000 feet high," when in fact it's 1,063 feet tall.
WORD FAMILY
authentic: authentically, authenticity, inauthentic, unauthentic+/ authenticity: authenticities/ inauthentic: inauthentically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Another highlight is described in the report as the “acoustics, size, and incredibly ‘authentic’ character of the church.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
On the flip side, this may mean more competitive pricing on vacation experiences deemed less authentic, such as theme parks.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
It wasn’t immediately possible to verify whether Ms. Shevchenko’s Twitter account was authentic.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 真的，真正的; 可信的，可靠的; 有根据的; [法]认证了的
分布：真实的(38%)，真正的(34%)，可信的(15%)，可靠的(13%)
→来自author.
a.真的,真正的;可靠的,可信的,有根据的Is that an authentic painting from Piccaso?那幅油画是毕加索的真迹吗?
【记】源于author作者－属于原创作者的－真正的
【反】bogus（adj [美]伪造的）；apocryphal（adj 伪经的）；semblance（n 伪装）－authentic article（真实的物品）
US [ɑ:'θen.tˌɪk] adjective
 ADVANCED
■If something is authentic, it is real, true, or what people say it is 真的；真正的；可靠的；可信的
• an authentic 1920s dress 20世纪20年代女装真品
• authentic Italian food 正宗义大利食品
• He was there and saw what happened, so his is the only authentic account. 他在现场，并看到了事情的经过，所以他的叙述是唯一可靠的说法。
real, authentic, genuine, true, actual, factual
这组词都有“真的，真实的，实在的”的意思，其区别是：
real: 普通用词，含义较广，有时可与actual和genuine换用。指一切真实的或 表面看不出虚假的事物。
authentic: 常可与genuine换用，指与事实完全相符，强调准确可靠。
genuine: 普通常用词，指真正的，货真价实的，强调非人为或非虚假的。
true: 指同实际情况或标准完全一致。口语中多用。
actual: 指事物的实际存在，并非出自主观臆造。
factual: 与actual同义，但更测重根据事实，不扩大或缩小，不渲染。
adj. 真正的，真实的；可信的
 - actual, sincere, genuine, true, real

Word: westward
Front: westward
['westwəd] (四六 12556/15024)
Back: adj. 向西的
n. 西部，西方
adv. 向西方
分布：向西的(35%)，西方(22%)，向西(19%)，西方的(12%)，西部(12%)
US [-wɚd] (also westwards)
adjective
■towards the west 向西的
• The westward advance of the road repairs is being held up by protesters. 向西修路的工程受到抗议者阻拦，耽搁下来。
adj. 向西的；西方的
 - hesperian
n. 西部；西方
 - occident

Word: unduly
Front: unduly
[ˌʌnˈdju:li] (14848/8416 -1)
Vocabulary: unduly
(once / 2042 pages)
adv
If something is done unduly, it's done out of proportion with what's reasonable or right. If you're unduly treated, you're not treated in the way you deserve to be.
Duly comes from the late 14th century duweliche meaning "rightly, properly." The prefix un-, meaning "not" of course reverses that meaning so with unduly we get "not rightly or properly." You might become unduly angry with a toddler for tracking mud into the house. Unduly can also mean "excessively." Worrying unduly about the future can be paralyzing. Sometimes it's good to take the days as they come.
WORD FAMILY
undue: unduely, unduly +/ due: duely, dues, duly, endue, overdue, subdue, undue / duly: dulys/ endue: endued, endues, enduing/subduable: unsubduable/ subdue: subduable, subdued, subduer, subdues, subduing/ subdued: subduedly, subduedness, unsubdued/subduer: subduers/unsubduable: unsubduably
USAGE EXAMPLES
But Ms Todd Whitman says the US must find ways of promoting business without unduly harming the planet.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
He thought the current rules were "unduly complicated".
BBC(Dec 25, 2016)
Women’s Open at CordeValle, rules officials were again unduly late at a crucial moment.
Golf Digest(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: adv. 不适当地; 过分地; 过度地; 不相称地
分布：不适当地(50%)，过度地(50%)
ADV
过分地；过度地；不适当地；不必要地
If you say that something does not happen or is not done unduly, you mean that it does not happen or is not done to an excessive or unnecessary extent.
例：'But you're not unduly worried about doing this report?' — 'No.'...“但是你没有过于担心如何写这个报告？”——“没有。”
例：This will achieve greater security without unduly burdening the consumers or the economy...此举可提高安全性，而不会给消费者和经济增加过多的负担。
adv. 过度地；不适当地；不正当地
 - wrong, overly

Word: bystander
Front: bystander
[ˈbaɪstændə(r)] (宝 11928/14714 -1)
Vocabulary: bystander
(once / 1770 pages)
n
Someone who observes an event without taking part in it is a bystander. The police may want to interview any bystanders who witnessed a robbery, to get a description of the robber.
A bystander does exactly what the word describes: they stand by, watching what's happening but not participating. You'll often hear the phrase "innocent bystander." For example, a newspaper might report on a fight breaking out after a football game, resulting in injuries to innocent bystanders. Before this word was coined around 1610, stander-by was common.
WORD FAMILY
bystander: bystanders
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mehmet Dag, 22, was passing by the club and saw the suspect shoot at a police officer and a bystander.
Time(Jan 01, 2017)
Sellinger tried to steal the motorcycle from a 70-year-old man and was trying to choke him before bystanders intervened, authorities said.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Police say a bystander found 25-year-old Antoinios Butler around midnight Friday, lying face down in a street near a shopping center.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 旁观者; 局外人; 看热闹的人
分布：旁观者(85%)，看热闹的人(9%)，局外人(6%)
【记】by旁边，stander站立者－站在旁边的人－旁观者
US [-dɚ] noun countable
■a person who is standing near and watching something that is happening but is not taking part in it 旁观者
• Many innocent bystanders were injured by the explosion. 许多无辜的旁观者在爆炸中受伤。
n. 旁观者；看热闹的人
 - stander-by, beholder

Word: brunt
Front: brunt
[brʌnt] (宝 13686/13688 -1)
Vocabulary: brunt
(once / 2256 pages)
n
If you are the oldest child, you might bear the brunt of your parents' anger, even if you are not the instigator of the misdeed. Brunt means the worst part of something.
When Canadian geese fly south, they travel in a V-formation, with the bird at point bearing the brunt of the headwind. One way to remember the word brunt is that words that sound like it—grunt and blunt—are also about being tough or absorbing pain.
WORD FAMILY
brunt: brunts
USAGE EXAMPLES
My mother bore the brunt of the economic hardships quietly.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Even more pernicious, Pruitt actively encourages others to promote that ignorance, even to children, who will most bear the brunt of unmitigated climate change.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Assisted by Chris Brunt with a cross following a set piece situation.
BBC(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. （来自攻击一方的）主要力量; 撞击，进攻; 冲击
分布：正面的冲击(58%)，主要的压力(42%)
→词源不详。可以来自拟声词，形容重击的声音。
【记】中间有run跑，冲锋时的主要冲击力。
noun only singular
the brunt of sth
■the main force of something unpleasant …的主要压力（或冲力）
• The infantry have taken/borne the brunt of the missile attacks. 步兵在导弹袭击中首当其冲。
• Small companies are feeling the full brunt of the recession. 小公司饱受经济不景气所带来的压力。
n. 冲击；主要冲力
 - concussion, impingement

Word: couch
Front: couch
[kaʊtʃ] (研六雅 3375/8083 -2)
Vocabulary: couch
(once / 313 pages)
1n 2n 3v
A couch is a sofa — an upholstered piece of furniture that seats more than one person. It's nice to have a couch that's big enough for your whole family to sit on while you watch TV.
The word couch comes from the French word coucher, meaning to lie down. Some types of couches are indeed meant for lying down. A psychiatrist's couch, for example, was designed to make patients feel comfortable when discussing their problems. In language, to couch is to phrase your words in a certain manner. If you don't want to hurt your friend's feelings, you should couch your words carefully when you tell her that her everyone is leaving her party early.
WORD FAMILY
couch: couched, couches, couching
USAGE EXAMPLES
In their first season, they chose Kentucky quarterback Tim Couch.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
There are sweaters and snacks, a handsome Australian neighbor, and a couch.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
In somewhat of a statistical and intellectual improbability, Couch Slouch agrees with both sides.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 长沙发椅，睡椅; （病人受检查时躺的）长榻; 麦芽床; 涂底，涂层
vt. 表达; 使躺卧; 播撒谷物使发芽
vi. 躺卧; 隐蔽，埋伏; 使成堆
时态：couched, couching, couches
分布：长沙发(44%)，睡椅(20%)，长椅(13%)，表达(10%)，躺下(6%)，埋伏(6%)，兽穴(1%)
→来自拉丁词collocare, 安排，布置，放下，词源同allocate。引申义沙发，床。
n.长沙发;(病人躺的)长榻vt.表达The scorched couch is put in the porch of epoch.被烤焦睡椅放在时代门廊内.
【记】读：靠吃。要想靠着吃饭，请买长沙发。
【参】coach（n 四轮大马车；长途汽车；教练）
noun countable
SEAT 座
■a sofa
[kaʊtʃ] noun countable
BED 床
■a type of high bed, especially one in a doctor's office （尤指医生办公室中的）诊察枱，长榻
[kaʊtʃ] verb formal
couch sth in/as sth
■to express something in a particular way 以（某种方式）表达
• [often passive] I don't understand this form - it's all couched in legal terminology. 我看不懂这张表——满篇法律术语。
sofa, couch
这组词都有“沙发”的意思，其区别是：
sofa: 指有扶手和靠背，可供多人坐或一个人睡的长沙发，也泛指沙发。
couch: 指供昼夜坐卧，似床一样的长沙发或睡椅。
n. 睡椅， [家具] 长沙发；床；卧榻
 - bed, chaise lounge
vi. 蹲伏，埋伏；躺着
 - stay down, crouch
vt. 使躺下；表达；弯下
 - put, voice

Word: bedevil
Front: bedevil
[bɪˈdevl] (19299/19676)
Vocabulary: bedevil
(once / 9924 pages)
v
To bedevil is to "be" a bit like a "devil." To bedevil means to cause trouble, or, when talking about a person, to torment or harass.
Bedevil has nothing to do with the eggs you eat on a picnic. Those are just plain deviled. And although, in the 1570s, bedeviled could be taken to mean literally "possessed," the word no longer involves an actual devil, either. It just applies to people or things that make trouble like a devil would want to do.
TASTY MORSELS
Vocabulary Shout-Out: Scott Shane for "Bedeviled"
In chronicling WikiLeaks' involvement in the unfolding Edward J. Snowden affair, Scott Shane, who is the national security reporter in the Washington bureau of The New York Times, made use of the word bedevil in "Offering Snowden Aid, WikiLeaks Gets Back in the Game":
WikiLeaks once again seized the global spotlight on Sunday by assisting Edward J. Snowden in his daring flight from Hong Kong, mounting a bold defense of the culture of national security disclosures that it has championed and that has bedeviled the United States and other governments.
Bedevil, which here means "to confuse or torment," dates from the 18th century, when the idea that the devil fouled up our lives on a day-to-day, operational basis was a commonly held belief. Although the devil as culprit has been removed from our current understanding of bedevil, its meaning has not managed to assign blame elsewhere — making the word useful in its silence as to the source of the trouble it refers to. When you miss an early morning flight, isn't "bedeviled by circumstance" easier to admit to than sleeping through your alarm and spacing out in the shower?
WORD FAMILY
bedevil: bedeviled, bedeviling, bedevilled, bedevilling, bedevilment, bedevils+/bedevilment: bedevilments
USAGE EXAMPLES
Was that misstep a learning experience, or a preview for the types of conflict that will bedevil the Trump administration?
BBC(Dec 19, 2016)
What, other than bedeviling Beijing, are its goals?
Washington Post(Dec 14, 2016)
These are complex issues that bedevil policy experts, but Jackson said Carson’s leadership abilities will see him through the challenges of running HUD.
Washington Post(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: vt. 折磨; 使迷惑; 困扰
时态：bedevilled, bedevilling, bedevils
分布：虐待(50%)，使痛苦(30%)，搞糟(10%)，使糊涂(10%)
→前缀be-, 强调。devil, 魔鬼。
[bɪ'dev.əl] (-ll- or US USUALLY -l-)
verb transitive
■to confuse, annoy or cause problems or difficulties for someone or something 迷惑；苦恼；弄糟
• Ever since I started playing tennis, I've been bedevilled by back pains. 自从我打网球以来，一直忍受着背痛的折磨。
vt. 使痛苦；虐待；使苦恼
 - harry, abuse

Word: frankly
Front: frankly
[ˈfræŋkli] (3555/5588)
Vocabulary: frankly
(once / 356 pages)
adv
To say something frankly is to be completely honest and straightforward. It's unusual when a politician answers reporters' questions frankly.
When someone's frank, they are plainspoken and truthful, and when you communicate frankly, your words have this quality. Telling people frankly that you need their help, or expressing criticism frankly but kindly can be difficult at times, but it's something to strive for. Frank and frankly have a Medieval Latin root, francus, "free, or at liberty."
WORD FAMILY
frank: franked, franker, frankest, franking, frankly, frankness, franks+/frankness: franknesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Brad: Frankly, that I like it so much.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
But, he added, “Frankly, we need help. We need people to join our community.”
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
He spent so much time screaming at this protester and frankly, it was a disgrace.”
Salon(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adv. 直率地（说），坦诚地; 真诚地; 坦白地; 平心而论
分布：坦白地(77%)，坦率地(23%)
adverb
 ADVANCED
■in an honest and direct way 坦率地，坦诚地
• She spoke very frankly about her experiences. 她非常坦率地讲述了自己的经历。
 ADVANCED
■used when giving an honest and direct opinion, often one that might upset someone 坦率地讲
• Quite frankly, I think this whole situation is ridiculous. 相当坦率地讲，我认为这整个局面很可笑。
• That's a frankly absurd suggestion. 坦率地讲，那个建议简直是荒唐。
adv. 真诚地，坦白地
 - sincerely, truly, simply, honestly, genuinely

Word: diehard
Front: diehard
[ˈdaɪhɑ:d] (宝 -/35833)
Vocabulary: diehard
(once / 14556 pages)
n
A diehard is a person who likes things a certain way and doesn't want them to change — or who sticks to an opinion no matter what. If everyone in your family is a Democrat except your cousin, you might call him a Republican diehard.
A diehard will hold fast to her ideas, views, or opinions even in the face of opposition. You could call yourself a diehard if you insist on sticking to the same recipes for Thanksgiving dinner that your grandmother always made, especially if your siblings keep lobbying to add new dishes to the menu. The word diehard dates from the 19th century, and it originally referred to a tough soldier in a certain British Army regiment.
WORD FAMILY
diehard: diehards
USAGE EXAMPLES
Star Wars: The Force Awakens was a juggernaut that satisfied both diehard fans and casual observers of the saga.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
This is more likely about not creating a spoiler for diehard Star Wars fans, rather than a creative snub, despite the character’s return being well-publicised.
The Guardian(Dec 16, 2016)
My wife, a diehard Cubs fan all her life stayed up and watched.
New York Times(Oct 12, 2016)
Back: n. 顽固分子
adj. 顽固的，死硬的
分布：顽固的(57%)，顽固分子(43%)
US [-hɑ:rd] noun countable disapproving
■someone who is unwilling to change or give up their ideas or ways of behaving, even when there are good reasons to do so 顽固分子，死硬分子
• a diehard conservative/fan 顽固的保守派／铁杆拥趸
n. 顽固分子；死不屈从者；倔强的人
 - refractory

Word: nightclub
Front: nightclub
[ˈnaɪtklʌb] (8297/10194 -2)
Vocabulary: nightclub
(once / 2647 pages)
n
A nightclub is a bar or a disco where people can dance or be entertained late into the night. There are many nightclubs in New York City, but there are no nightclubs at all in most tiny Vermont villages.
Visitors to a nightclub can eat and drink; watch singers, dancers, or comedians perform; and usually also dance to live music or songs played by a DJ. You can also call a nightclub a "club" for short — the dance floor is what distinguishes it from a bar or a pub. The word nightclub sounds modern, but it dates from the late nineteenth century.
WORD FAMILY
nightclub: nightclubs
USAGE EXAMPLES
One of the survivors of the Istanbul nightclub attack says she feared she would "die in the bathroom".
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Joe’s Pub, the glimmering nightclub at the Public Theater, bursts with laughter and cheers.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“A hero soldier of the caliphate attacked one of the most famous nightclubs, where Christians celebrated their pagan holiday,” the statement read.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 夜总会
vi. 去夜总会
分布：夜总会(100%)
→即夜间俱乐部。
['naɪt.klʌb] (informal nightspot)
noun countable
 IMPROVER
■a place which is open late into the night, where people can go to drink and dance and often see some type of entertainment 夜总会
n. 夜总会
 - club, night spot, boite

Word: oilman
Front: oilman
[ˈɔɪlmæn] (26204/38051)
Back: n. 石油商
分布：石油商(65%)，石油工人(35%)
noun countable
■a man who owns or operates oil wells or who buys and sells oil 石油开发商；石油商，石油大亨
• He started off his career as a Texas oilman. 他是从做德萨斯州的石油商起家的。

Word: grudging
Front: grudging
[ˈgrʌdʒɪŋ] (19052/18547 -1)
Vocabulary: grudging
(once / 1935 pages)
adj
If you do something in a grudging manner (or grudgingly), you do it with reluctance. Doing homework, paying taxes, and saying sorry are all commonly done in a grudging manner.
"Grudging apology" and "grudging acceptance" are probably the two most common uses of this word, which perhaps says something about our lack of grace as a species. From the medieval French word groucher, meaning "to murmur or mumble." A related word is grudge, meaning a long-lasting sense of ill will dating to a previous incident.
WORD FAMILY
grudging: grudgingly, ungrudging+/ grudge: grudged, grudges, grudging /ungrudging: ungrudgingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Perhaps, even, Mr Trump gets grudging admiration for reminding the world that Taiwan deserves more recognition as a peaceful, prosperous democracy.
Economist(Dec 08, 2016)
Ellison’s disavowal of anti-Semitism was certainly more forthright than Trump’s grudging dismissals of the alt-right.
Slate(Dec 06, 2016)
But while he alarmed some in the City, and will probably do so again, he also won grudging respect as a tough but even-handed negotiator.
BBC(Oct 03, 2016)
Back: adj. 不情愿的，勉强的
分布：勉强的(54%)，不情愿的(32%)，吝惜的(7%)，动词grudge的现在分词形式.(7%)
adjective
■A grudging action or feeling is one which you do or have unwillingly 勉强的；不情愿的
• She won the grudging respect of her boss. 她的老板也不由得敬重她。
adj. 勉强的；吝啬的
 - tight, narrow, reluctant

Word: homicide
Front: homicide
[ˈhɒmɪsaɪd] (托 5171/16805 -1)
Vocabulary: homicide
(once / 2239 pages)
n
The noun homicide means a murder. If you kill another person, you are committing a homicide. The level of the homicide is legally defined as murder if the act was intentional and as manslaughter if it was unintentional.
Remember the meaning of homicide by remembering that cide, from the Latin cida, refers to killing, while the Latin homo means "man.” So homicide means “killing a man.” You can see another example in this quote from Oliver Wendell Holmes: “Life and language are alike sacred. Homicide and verbicide — that is, violent treatment of a word with fatal results to its legitimate meaning, which is its life — are alike forbidden.”
WORD FAMILY
homicide: homicidal, homicides+/homicidal: homicidally
USAGE EXAMPLES
An armed forces medical examiner categorized the death as a homicide.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
About 60 percent of last year’s homicide victims were shot to death and more than one-quarter of them were related to domestic violence.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The newspaper reports that is the second year in a row, and only the second time since the 1990s, that the city surpassed 300 homicides.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 杀人（行为）; 杀人犯; 杀人罪
分布：杀人(94%)，杀人者(6%)
→来自拉丁语homo,人，-cid,杀，词源同herbicide.
杀人(homi人＋cide)[cid,cis=cut,kill,表示"切开,杀"]
杀人者(homi+cide杀)[hom=man(人)]
US ['hɑ:.mə-] noun countable or uncountable US formal or legal
■(an act of) murder 谋杀（行为）
• He was convicted of homicide. 他被判犯下谋杀罪。
• The number of homicides in the city has risen sharply. 这个城市的杀人案件急剧增加。
n. [法] 杀人；杀人犯
 - manslaughter

Word: pamper
Front: pamper
[ˈpæmpə(r)] (雅宝 13298/15061 -1)
Vocabulary: pamper
(once / 2996 pages)
v
When you pamper your dog, you spoil him. You might pamper him by feeding him cubes of cheese and knitting him a little sweater and letting him sleep in your bed under the covers.
Some people love to pamper their pets, cooking them special food and buying them expensive collars and toys. To pamper goes beyond kind treatment, bordering on overindulgence or coddling. People also like to pamper themselves from time to time, getting a massage or a manicure, or otherwise being treated indulgently. The word pamper originally meant "to cram with food," most likely from a Middle Dutch root meaning "to cram."
WORD FAMILY
pamper: pampered, pamperer, pampering, pampers+/pampering: pamperings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The measure legalizes a practice already commonplace at many salons, where it’s part of the pampering.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Your body deserves some pampering after all that outdoor play, so visit one of Bend’s spas.
Seattle Times(Dec 19, 2016)
In that case, she was a miracle of genetics, expert pampering and the workout routine many men applied to her.
Time(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: v. 纵容; 细心照顾; 娇惯
时态：pampered, pampering, pampers
分布：纵容(81%)，溺爱(19%)
→可能来自pap,流食，软质食物，-er,表反复。即塞满食物，引申词义娇惯，纵容。插入鼻音字母m,比较instinct,stick.
【参】pamper会hamper（v 妨碍；n 大篮子）小孩的成长。
【区】tamper（v 窜改）；camper（n 露营者）
US [-pɚ] verb transitive
■to treat a person or an animal in a special way by making them as comfortable as possible and giving them whatever they want 细心照顾，精心护理；纵容，娇惯
• She pampers her dog with the finest steak and salmon. 她让她的狗吃上好的牛排和鲑鱼，太娇惯了。
• Why not pamper yourself after a hard day with a hot bath scented with oils? 一天辛苦工作以后为甚么不善待一下自己，洗个散发着精油芳香的热水澡呢？
vt. 纵容；使…过量；给…吃得过多
 - baby, indulge

Word: prelude
Front: prelude
[ˈprelju:d] (托雅宝 11839/9954 -1)
Vocabulary: prelude
(once / 1349 pages)
nv
The prefix "pre-" means “before,” so it makes sense that a prelude is an introductory action, event or performance that comes before a bigger or more momentous one.
People speaking old school French and Latin understood a prelude to be the "notes sung or played to test the voice or instrument." Today preludes are more like introductions than practice, but you can still think of them as a small warm up to the main event. Preludes are often used in classical music, as well as in novels, to set the tone for the rest of the orchestral piece or story.
WORD FAMILY
prelude: preluded, preludes, preluding
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is offering buyouts to about 2,000 non-store employees, in what some say is a prelude to layoffs at the chain.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Christmas Eve will begin with a 30-minute choral prelude, followed by a festival choral Eucharist.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
If the past is prelude, we might get another one.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 序曲，前奏曲; 开场戏，序幕; 前兆，预兆
v. 为…作序，开头; 成为…的序曲; 演奏序曲，唱开场戏
时态：preluded, preluding, preludes
分布：前奏(65%)，序幕(34%)，预兆(1%)
→pre-,在前，早于，-lud,玩，演奏，词源同allude,interlude.
序曲(pre+lude玩,演奏→先演奏→序曲)[lud,lus=play,表示"玩,戏剧"]
【记】pre前，lude玩－前面玩的音乐－序幕，前奏
【参】premature（adj 未成熟的）
【反】coda（n 乐章尾声）
noun
INTRODUCTION 序言
countable usually singular
■something that comes before a more important event or action which introduces or prepares for it 序幕，先声，前奏
• The changes are seen as a prelude to wide-ranging reforms. 这些变革被视为大范围改革的序幕。
['prel.ju:d] noun
MUSIC 音乐
countable specialized
■a short piece of music which introduces the main work 序曲
countable specialized
■a short independent piece of music written especially for the piano （尤指钢琴）前奏曲
n. 前奏；序幕；前奏曲
 - intrada, prolusion
vi. 作为序曲；奏序曲
 - sound off

Word: plasma
Front: plasma
[ˈplæzmə] (托 8260/5908 -1)
Vocabulary: plasma
(once / 8085 pages)
1n 2n 3n
Plasma is the colorless liquid part of blood. Plasma holds blood cells but is not made from them.
Plasma, a crucial part of blood, can be donated for use in medical procedures, either from plasma donation or as part of a regular blood donation. Another meaning of plasma is in physical chemistry –- a state of matter (in fact the most common state of matter) made from a gas that has lost its electrons from heat. This is where those big-screen plasma televisions get their name from.
WORD FAMILY
plasma: plasmas
USAGE EXAMPLES
It also bound to plasma proteins in the blood, circulating through each organ in the body.
New York Times(Jan 06, 2016)
The plasma created is short-lived and doesn’t create any wastes—the electrons and ions simply recombine.
Science Magazine(Dec 05, 2016)
From the late 1980s to early 1990s, the plasma market took off in several parts of Henan.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 血浆; 原生质，细胞质; 乳清; [物]等离子体
分布：等离子体(51%)，血浆(49%)
→来自拉丁语plasma,塑造物，血浆，来自希腊语plasma,形成，塑造，来自plassein,形成，铺开，来自pele,展开，放平，词源同plan,plain.
noun uncountable
BLOOD 血液 (also blood plasma)
■the pale yellow liquid that forms 55% of human blood and contains the blood cells 血浆
['plæz.mə] noun uncountable
GAS 气体
■a kind of gas with almost no electrical charge , found in the sun and other stars 等离子体（一种几乎没有电荷的气体，见于太阳和其他星球上）
• solar plasma 太阳电浆
• plasma physics 电浆物理学
n. [等离子] 等离子体；血浆； [矿物] 深绿玉髓
 - adtevak

Word: translator
Front: translator
[trænsˈleɪtə(r)] (高 6785/12093 -2)
Vocabulary: translator
(once / 1079 pages)
n
A translator is someone who conveys material communicated in one language such as English into another language — like French, Chinese, or Spanish — without losing the literal meaning or nuances of the original work.
Ideally, a translator is fluent in at least two languages, so they can translate what is being said in one language into another language without changing its original meaning. The Latin root of translator is translatus, which means "carried over," and a translator who's good at her job carries the meaning over into a completely different language.
WORD FAMILY
translator: translators+/ mistranslate: mistranslated, mistranslates, mistranslating, mistranslation/mistranslation: mistranslations/retranslate: retranslated, retranslates, retranslating/translatable: untranslatable/ translate: mistranslate, retranslate, translatable, translated, translates, translating, translation, translator / translation: translational, translations/translational: nontranslational/untranslatable: untranslatably
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was only after a translator said the words “suspect” and “spy” that she understood.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Shortly after their arrival in the US, the six men were appointed lawyers and translators since none of them spoke English.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
"It was very hard moving from Syria to Australia. There are huge differences in the culture and tradition," he told me through a translator.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 译员; 翻译者; 翻译家; 翻译机
分布：翻译者(100%)
→translate,翻译，-or,人。
UK [trænz-] US [-ɚ] noun countable
■a person whose job is changing words, especially written words, into a different language （尤指从事笔译的）译者，翻译家 Compare interpreter

Word: yawn
Front: yawn
[jɔ:n] (高研四六托雅宝 10649/10509 -K1)
Vocabulary: yawn
(once / 552 pages)
nv
The reflex that makes you open your mouth wide, inhale, and then exhale is called a yawn. Even seeing photos of other people's yawns (or reading the word yawn) can make you yawn.
We yawn when we're very bored or tired, or when our bodies need an influx of oxygen. Scientists aren't completely in agreement about all the reasons why we yawn, but the "contagious yawn" happens across all human societies and even in non-human animals like chimpanzees and dogs. Things can also yawn in a figurative way, when they're open wide. Yawn comes from gionian in Old English, "open the mouth wide."
WORD FAMILY
yawn: yawned, yawner, yawning, yawns+/yawner: yawners/ yawning: yawningly, yawnings
USAGE EXAMPLES
“My mother was like one of those women who never stopped chattering,” the narrator says, “even while yawning.”
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
It stopped as quickly as it had started, and the sun came out again, mildly, as if yawning after a nap.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
What it means is that United are now a yawning 11 points behind Chelsea and any title-challenging hopes rather distant.
The Guardian(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: vi. 打呵欠; 张开，裂开; <文学>张开大口
n. 呵欠; 无聊的人或事; 裂口
时态：yawned, yawning, yawns
分布：呵欠(56%)，打呵欠(31%)，张开(13%)
→来自ghai,张嘴，打呵欠，词源同gas,chaos,gape.
v.打呵欠n.呵欠At the dawn on the lawn the yawning drowned man began to frown.拂晓时在草坪上,打呵欠的溺水者开始皱眉头.
【记】因为yawn所以yaw（v 偏航）。
US [jɑ:n] verb intransitive
 ADVANCED
■to open the mouth wide and take a lot of air into the lungs and slowly send it out, usually when tired or bored 打哈欠
• I can't stop yawning - I must be tired. 我不停打哈欠——肯定是累了。
UK [jɔ:n] US [jɑ:n] noun
countable
■an act of yawning 哈欠
• Her eyes watered as she tried to stifle (= stop) a yawn. 她强忍着不打哈欠，眼泪都出来了。
a yawn only singular informal
■something or someone that is very boring 乏味的事物（或人）
• We have to go to dinner with Simon's boss on Saturday which is a bit of a yawn. 我们星期六得跟赛门的老板一起去吃晚餐，真是有点乏味。
n. 哈欠；裂口
 - breakage, chasm
vi. [生理] 打呵欠；裂开
 - gap, seam
vt. 张开；打著呵欠说
 - splay

Word: wicked
Front: wicked
[ˈwɪkɪd] (研四六雅宝 7732/5319 -2)
Vocabulary: wicked
(once / 126 pages)
adj
Wicked has two quite contradictory meanings. If something is pure evil, then it is wicked. Think Darth Vader. On the other hand, as an informal slang term, wicked also means excellent — as in "that DJ is wicked, man!" Go figure.
Other shades of meaning for wicked include something that is playful or enjoyably malicious. Someone might have a wicked sense of humor, for example, meaning it's fierce and takes aim sharply at its victims. Or it can also mean something that, while not actively evil, is still extremely unpleasant. Exams can be wicked, and so can someone's temper or the weather. The word comes from the Old English term wicca meaning "wizard."
WORD FAMILY
wicked: wickeder, wickedest, wickedly, wickedness+/wickedness: wickednesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Meanwhile, efforts to address Albany’s wicked ways fell flat again, with lawmakers passing only modest ethics reforms.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Ms. Fisher’s vivid prose, wicked humor and striking performances inevitably led many people, including herself, to wonder whether bipolar mania fuels creativity.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Only the profoundly wicked shoots and kills people at a Bible study, rams a truck into Christmas shoppers, and suicide-bombs innocent men, women and children.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 邪恶的; 缺德的; 淘气的，顽皮的; 恶劣的
分布：邪恶的(66%)，坏的(13%)，缺德的(11%)，极端地(4%)，非常地(4%)，吸收(2%)
→来自古英语wicca的形容词形式，巫师的，巫术的，邪恶的。
a.坏的;邪恶的;不道德的;恶劣的;淘气的His wicked trick is to get the kids to kick bricks and lick the cricket ticket.他的缺德恶作剧是让孩子们踢砖和舔板球门票.
【记】wic＝vice（n 罪恶），ked：邪恶的源于：witch（n 巫婆）－邪恶的人
adjective
BAD 坏的
 ADVANCED old-fashioned
■morally wrong and bad 邪恶的；坏的；缺德的
• It was a wicked thing to do. 那是件缺德的事。
• Of course, in the end, the wicked witch gets killed. 当然，最后邪恶的巫婆被杀掉了。
Compare evil ; naughty old-fashioned
■slightly immoral or bad for you, but in an attractive way 顽皮的；恶作剧的
• a wicked grin 淘气的一笑
• a wicked sense of humour 顽皮的幽默感
['wɪk.ɪd] adjective
EXCELLENT 优秀的 informal
■excellent 优秀的；棒的；极好的
• He's got some wicked trainers. 他有几双非常不错的球鞋。
['wɪk.ɪd] noun
There's no rest for the wicked. saying
■said when you must continue with your work or other activity although you are very tired （形容自己太忙）恶人永无宁日。
ill, poor, bad, evil, wicked
这组词都有“坏的”的意思，其区别是：
ill: 与evil意义接近，但语气弱一些，常指道德或性质方面的不良。
poor: 普通用词，侧重指事物的质量或数量低于标准或不合要求。用于指天气与食品时可与bad通用。
bad: 含义广泛，指任何不好的或不合需要的品质。
evil: 语气比bad强，强调道德上的邪恶不良，含狡猾凶险或危害他人的意味。
wicked: 语气比evil强，指居心叵测，任意违反道德标准，有意作恶。
adj. 邪恶的；恶劣的；不道德的；顽皮的
 - evil, ill, black, gross, ugly

Word: shabby
Front: shabby
[ˈʃæbi] (高研六托雅宝 10996/10226 -1)
Vocabulary: shabby
(once / 681 pages)
adj
The adjective shabby describes something that is threadbare or worn out. Your last apartment was clean, but the furniture and carpets were so shabby that you were embarrassed to invite your friends over.
The adjective shabby also describes a manner of acting that is mean or contemptible. If you spent your whole childhood treating your younger brother in a shabby way, you can't expect him to be your friend when you're older. In modern slang, if you say something is "not too shabby," you mean that it was good. You might compliment your brother by telling him his soda can sculpture isn't too shabby.
WORD FAMILY
shabby: shabbier, shabbiest, shabbily, shabbiness+/shabbiness: shabbinesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Once merrily decorated during the holidays, Caracas looks shabby.
Reuters(Dec 20, 2016)
And despite not winning any majors, Day wasn’t too shabby in golf’s four biggest events.
Golf Digest(Dec 18, 2016)
“When kids see a guy in a shabby suit and a beard hanging down past his face, it just isn’t believable,” Gable said.
Washington Times(Dec 03, 2016)
Back: adj. 破旧的，衣衫褴褛的; 卑鄙的; 悭吝的; 低劣的，下流的
级别：shabbier, shabbiest
分布：破旧的(79%)，寒酸的(16%)，卑劣的(5%)
→等同于 scab,疥癣，疮疤，-y,形容词后缀。引申词义脏的，破败的，破旧的。
a.简陋的,破旧的,卑鄙的,不公平的He looks shabby.他的样子寒酸.
【记】读：傻bby－衣衫破烂的；下贱卑鄙的
adjective
BAD CONDITION 条件差
■looking old and in bad condition because of being used for a long time or not being cared for 破烂的，破旧的
• He wore a shabby old overcoat. 他穿着一件破旧的大衣。
• Her home is a rented one-bedroom flat in a shabby part of town. 她的住所是一套租来的雅房公寓，位于城里很差的地段。
• The refugees were shabby (= wore old clothes in bad condition) and hungry. 难民们衣衫褴褛，饥肠辘辘。
['ʃæb.i] adjective
NOT FAIR 不公平的
■not honourable or fair; unacceptable 不光彩的；不公正的；不能接受的
• She spoke out about the shabby way the case had been handled. 她揭露了对这件案子不公正的处理方式。
• I felt the whole affair was a bit shabby. 我感觉整个事件有点不光彩。
['ʃæb.i] adjective
not so shabby/not too shabby slang
■used for saying that something is good 不错；不赖
• It was a not so shabby week for the team who had three wins. 那个周末还不赖，这个队伍已经赢了三场。
mean, shabby, cheap, low
这组词都有“卑鄙的，卑贱的，卑下的”的意思，其区别是：
mean: 暗示狠毒、贪婪、缺乏尊严感等为人们所不耻的卑鄙、自私、渺小的行为。
shabby: 指行为的不公和卑劣而使人感到不屑和轻蔑。
cheap: 侧旨人或物的品质低劣下贱。
low: 指行为卑鄙、可耻、下文明，可引申指庸俗。
adj. 破旧的；卑鄙的；吝啬的；低劣的
 - poor, mean, tight, base, shot

Word: aboriginal
Vocabulary: aboriginal
(once / 2678 pages)
adjn
The native, indigenous people of a country are often called aboriginals. In Canada, the First Nations — Inuits and Métis — would be considered aboriginals.
The adjective form of aboriginal is used to describe anything related to the native, indigenous people. You may visit a museum that has an exhibit of aboriginal art; or, if you're a linguist, you may study aboriginal languages. The adjective can also be used to describe something that is indigenous to a place and existed there from the beginning, such as "an aboriginal forest" that consists of old, old trees.
WORD FAMILY
aboriginal: aboriginally, aboriginals+/ aborigine: aboriginal, aborigines
USAGE EXAMPLES
Northern Gateway was approved by the previous Conservative government but a federal appeals court blocked it, ruling that aboriginal communities had not been adequately consulted.
Washington Times(Nov 29, 2016)
On shore, tent stalls offered mouth-watering fried fish and aboriginal millet wine beside the palm-fringed fishing harbour.
The Guardian(Nov 25, 2016)
School districts in the province are mandated to include “authentic aboriginal content into the curriculum,” the district’s lawyers pointed out.
The Guardian(Nov 16, 2016)

Word: conjunction
Front: conjunction
[kənˈdʒʌŋkʃn] (研四六托雅宝 7557/11901 -2)
Vocabulary: conjunction
(once / 817 pages)
1n 2n
"Conjunction Junction, what's your function? Hooking up words and phrases and clauses." These lyrics from Schoolhouse Rock sum it up: a conjunction is all about joining things together.
The words and, but, and or are conjunctions, linking words and phrases together to form sentences. Other kinds of conjunctions bring groups together, such as organizations working in conjunction to present a big event; or bring objects together, like a conjunction in a house's plumbing system where pipes meet. Conjunction could also mean things happening at the same time, such as free Schoolhouse Rock screenings that are presented in conjunction with a National Grammar Day celebration.
WORD FAMILY
conjunction: conjunctions, conjunctive +/ conjunctive: conjunctively, conjunctives
USAGE EXAMPLES
Wednesday’s action also established a commission comprised of the federal Agriculture and Interior departments that will oversee the land in conjunction with tribes.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Greece is currently on its third rescue program, paid by its partners in the 19-country eurozone and monitored in conjunction with the International Monetary Fund.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Still, those words provide a notion of Trump’s self-image and, in conjunction with his Twitter tirades, a rough contour of his China strategy.
The New Yorker(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 连词; 连接; 联合，结合物; （恒星、行星等的）合
分布：结合(75%)，连词(17%)，关联(8%)
→con-, 强调。-junct, 连接，词源同join, juncture.
n.接合,连接,联合;连(接)词The fundamental fund functions punctually in conjunction with abundant capital.这笔重要基金与充裕的资本一起准时发挥作用.
【记】con共同，junct结合，连接－共同连上－联合
【参】junction（n 连接；交叉点）；injunction（n 命令；[律]禁令）
noun
CONNECTING WORD 连接词
 ADVANCED countable (written abbreviation conj)
■a word such as 'and', 'but', 'while' or 'although' that connects words, phrases and clauses in a sentence 连词，连接词
[kən'dʒʌŋk.ʃən] noun
COMBINATION 结合
countable or uncountable (formal conjuncture)
■when events or conditions combine or happen together 结合；联合；同时发生
• An unfortunate conjunction of circumstances led to his downfall. 一连串不幸事件同时发生，导致了他的下台。
• There is a team of writers working in conjunction (with each other) on the book. 有一个作家小组在合作撰写这部书。
countable or uncountable (formal conjuncture) specialized
■in astrology , when two planets appear to be in the same portion of the sky as seen from Earth （占星术中两个天体的）相合
• Mars and Venus will be in exact conjunction on the first of September. 火星和金星在9月1日会正好相合。
n. 结合； [语] 连接词；同时发生
 - combination, coupling, bond, wedding, join

Word: feisty
Front: feisty
[ˈfaɪsti] (宝 15906/37845 -1)
Vocabulary: feisty
(once / 10954 pages)
1adj 2adj
Feisty is a word for someone who is touchy or quarrelsome. It can also mean to show and have courage.
If you're huffy or thin-skinned, you're feisty. Feisty people often seem to be itching for a fight. On the other hand, this has a more positive meaning. It may also describe a courageous or spirited person, especially one who is smaller or an underdog. A small boxer knocking out a huge opponent is feisty. Little dogs barking at huge dogs are feisty in both senses: they're being brave, but they're also a little too quick to open their yaps.
WORD FAMILY
feisty: feistier, feistiest, feistily
USAGE EXAMPLES
“We see qualities of ourselves in those feisty little rabbits,” she said.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
She wasn't tall and beautiful- she was pretty to look at but she was clever and feisty with a girl next door kind of persona.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
It is Ms. Lawrence’s feisty wonder woman who warms the movie with her sizzling volatility and intelligence.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 活跃的; 好争吵的; 精力充沛的; 烦躁不安的
级别：feistier, feistiest
分布：活跃的(64%)，易怒的(36%)
→缩写自fysting curre, 臭狗，词源同fart, 拟声词，放屁。后词义褒义化。
adjective
■active, forceful and full of determination 活跃的；精力充沛的；有决断力的
• a feisty lady 精神奕奕的女士
• He launched a feisty attack on the government. 他对政府作出了猛烈的抨击。
adj. 活跃的；好争吵的；烦躁不安的
 - active, excited, living, kinetic

Word: grit
Front: grit
[grɪt] (雅宝 9008/12145 -1)
Vocabulary: grit
(once / 1051 pages)
1nv 2vn
Grit is a coarse, gravelly dust. If you don't rinse dried beans before you cook them, you may end up crunching grit between your teeth.
Grit is small, sandy pieces of rock or stone. Another way to use the word grit is to mean a determined, courageous attitude. If you have grit, you'll keep trying to climb a rock wall no matter how many times you slip and fall. Charles Portis's 1968 novel "True Grit" tells the story of a young girl in the 1800s who embodies this quality, persevering through extreme difficulty and struggle.
WORD FAMILY
grit: grits, gritted, gritting, gritty +/ gritty: grittier, grittiest, grittily
USAGE EXAMPLES
Reynolds is a nonstop provider of joy in “Singin’ in the Rain,” just the right combination of innocence and grit.
The New Yorker(Dec 29, 2016)
The result is a salutary visual grit, which anchors Hurtado’s contradictorily evanescent forms.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Smith’s value to a team transcends mere grit and determination.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 细沙，沙砾; <口>刚毅，坚韧; 勇气
vt. 发出轧轧声; 轧，研磨; 以沙砾覆盖（某物），撒沙砾于; 咬紧牙关
时态：gritted, gritting, grits
分布：勇气(41%)，砂砾(34%)，决心(10%)，咬紧牙关(9%)，覆以砂砾(2%)，粗砂石(2%)，发出刺耳声(2%)
→来自ghrei, 刮，擦，磨，词源同gravel, grind. 指沙粒，盐粒。
【记】读great！（口：太牛了！）如果你有决心，勇气，我就会夸你great！源于词组grin and bear（苦笑着忍受）－要紧牙关
noun uncountable
STONES 石块
■very small pieces of stone or sand 砂；沙砾；沙粒
• The road had been covered with grit. 以前这条路一直铺满沙砾。
[grɪt] noun uncountable
BRAVERY 勇敢
■bravery and determination despite difficulty 勇气；毅力
• It takes true (= real) grit to stand up to a bully. 面对一个恃强凌弱者奋起反抗确实需要勇气。
[grɪt] noun uncountable
FOOD 食物
grits [plural] US
■a dish of hominy grain eaten especially as a morning meal （尤指作为早餐的）粗玉米粉，玉米子
[grɪt] verb transitive (-tt-)
■to put small stones on a road or path which is covered in ice, in order to make it safer （为防滑）在（路面上）撒沙砾
• Council lorries had been out gritting the icy roads the night before. 政务委员会在第一天夜里派出卡车在结冰的路面上撒了沙砾。
[grɪt] verb transitive (-tt-)
grit your teeth
■to press your top and bottom teeth together, often in anger （常指因愤怒而）咬牙切齿
• He gritted his teeth in silent fury. 他气得咬牙切齿、一言不发。
■to accept a difficult situation and deal with it in a determined way 咬紧牙关，下定决心（去应付棘手的局面）
• We had to grit our teeth and agree with their conditions because we wanted the contract. 因为我们想要拿到那份合同，就必须咬牙答应他们的条件。
vt. 研磨；在…上铺砂砾
 - pulverize, mull
n. [岩] [地质] 粗砂，砂砾
 - coarse sand, arenes

Word: fungus
Front: fungus
[ˈfʌŋgəs] (托 7056/8059 -1)
Back: n. 真菌; 霉，霉菌; [医]海绵肿
分布：真菌(90%)，霉菌(10%)
→来自fungus, 真菌，蘑菇，词源同sponge.
['fʌŋ.gəs] (plural fungi or funguses)
noun countable or uncountable
■any of various types of organism which get their food from decaying material or other living things 真菌；真菌类植物
• Mushrooms and mould are funguses. 蘑菇和霉菌都是真菌。
• Fungus can be poisonous. 真菌类植物可能会有毒。
n. 真菌，霉菌；菌类
 - eumycete, mycete

Word: impediment
Front: impediment
[ɪmˈpedɪmənt] (托宝 10593/14161 -1)
Vocabulary: impediment
(once / 1539 pages)
n
An impediment is anything that slows or blocks progress. It can refer to a physical thing, like a fallen tree in the road, or something more intangible, like how piracy is an impediment to the pleasure cruise industry in Somalia.
See the pedi in there? Pedi means "feet" and hundreds of years ago, the word impediment referred to shackling one's feet. Now its use has broadened considerably. Impediment is something that blocks or impedes your path. There's no end to the things in your life that can be considered impediments: your small bank account, your terrible childhood, your country's economic malaise — any one of these could be considered an impediment in your quest for happiness.
WORD FAMILY
impediment: impediments+/ impede: impeded, impedes, impediment, impeding/impeded: unimpeded/unimpeded: unimpededly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The investigations into the Russian hacking efforts to influence the 2016 election are also a major impediment.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Corps officials say lack of money is the chief impediment.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
“If we really thought of the helmets as being an impediment we’d be actively trying to address the issue.”
Seattle Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 妨碍，阻止; 口吃，结巴; 障碍物; 法定婚姻的障碍
分布：障碍(64%)，阻碍(19%)，口吃(17%)
→来自impede,阻碍。
阻碍,阻碍物(impede妨碍+i+ment)[ped=foot,表示"脚"]
[ɪm'ped.ɪ.mənt] formal
noun countable
■something that makes progress, movement, or achieving something difficult or impossible 障碍，阻碍，妨碍
• In a number of developing countries, war has been an additional impediment to progress. 在一些发展中国家，战争成了发展的另一障碍。
⇒ See also speech impediment
n. 口吃；妨碍；阻止
 - prevention, intervention, violation, check

Word: icy
Front: icy
[ˈaɪsi] (六 6454/7174 -1)
Vocabulary: icy
(once / 657 pages)
adj
Something that's icy is frozen like ice or covered in ice. A winter road could be icy; and, if you give someone an icy stare, they are going to feel like hitting the road.
Use the adjective icy to describe your town's slippery sidewalks in the winter or the frosty peas you just removed from the freezer. You can also describe very cold conditions as icy: "I'm putting my long underwear on — it's icy out there!" When a person is icy, they are aloof and unemotional, as opposed to warm and friendly. This figurative meaning has been around since the late 1500s.
WORD FAMILY
icy: icier, iciest, icily, iciness+/deice: deiced, deicer, deices, deicing/deicer: deicers/ ice: de-ice, deice, iced, ices, icing, icy / icing: icings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Yurkewycz says the entrance of the cave can be icy, so use caution.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
You imagine successful pro quarterbacks being icy assassins, part boardroom and part Bond, the coolest guy in every room.
Washington Post(Nov 30, 2016)
There are the icy stares directed at latecomers by the punctual.
Washington Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 寒冷的，冰冷的; 结冰的; 冷冰冰的，不友好的
级别：icier, iciest
分布：冰的(87%)，冷淡的(13%)
→来自ice,冰。
adjective
COLD 冷
■covered in ice 覆盖着冰的，结冰的
• icy roads 结冰的马路
• an icy pavement 结冰的人行道
■extremely cold 极冷的
• She opened the window and I was hit by an icy blast of air. 她打开窗户，一阵刺骨的寒风向我袭来。
• He fell into the icy waters of the Moscow river. 他掉入莫斯科河冰冷刺骨的水中。
• Her skin was icy to the touch. 她的皮肤摸起来冰冷。
['aɪ.si] adjective
UNFRIENDLY 不友好的
■unfriendly and showing no emotion 冷冰冰的，不友好的
• an icy stare 冰冷的目光
cool, icy, cold, chilly, freezing, frosty
这组词都有“冷、凉”的意思，其区别是：
cool: 指既不太热也不太冷。
icy: 多指风暴、风雪和水等冷得使人感到如刺如割。
cold: 最普通用词，强调缺乏温暖，使人不舒服。
chilly: 指使哆嗦的冷。
freezing: 指使人僵直，使东西凝固的冷。
frosty: 指雾气在寒冷物体的表面凝结成薄冰时的严寒结霜的温度。
adj. 冰冷的；冷淡的；结满冰的
 - cold, ice-cold

Word: interstate
Front: interstate
[ˈɪntəsteɪt] (7500/36784 -1)
Vocabulary: interstate
(once / 2091 pages)
adjn
If something is interstate, it happens between different U.S. states. For example, you can drive on Interstate 80 from downtown San Francisco, California to Teaneck, New Jersey. Yep, that's a trip.
If you're driving from Rhode Island to Illinois, you can call it interstate travel, or an interstate road trip — you're going from state to state. An interstate highway connects different states together, like I-95, which is an east coast interstate highway that stretches from Maine to Florida. For short, you can call a road like this an interstate. This 20th century word combines inter-, "between," and state.
WORD FAMILY
interstate: interstates+/misstate: misstated, misstatement, misstates, misstating/misstatement: misstatements/ overstate: overstated, overstatement, overstates, overstating/overstatement: overstatements/ restate: restated, restatement, restates, restating/restatement: restatements/ state: interstate, intrastate, misstate, overstate, restate, stated, stateless, statement, stater, states, stating, understate /stated: statedly, unstated/ statement: statements/stater: staters/ understate: understated, understatement, understates, understating/understated: understatedly/ understatement: understatements
USAGE EXAMPLES
According to the report, the pileup happened when six vehicles slowed on the interstate because of another accident.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
All oversize trucks exceeding 11 feet wide must use the posted detour route, which bypasses 11 miles of interstate.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
We were able to get on Interstates 94 and 69 in Port Huron without wondering where construction detours would lead us this time.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. <美>洲际的
n. 洲际公路
分布：州际的(67%)，洲际公路(33%)
→inter-,在内，在中间，相互，state,州。
US [ˈɪn.ţə˞.steɪt/
■involving two or more of the states into which some countries such as the US are divided 州际的，州与州之间的
• the interstate highway system 州际公路系统
• interstate banking legislation 州际银行业法规
• interstate road transport costs 州际公路运输成本
noun countable UK [ˈɪn.tə.steɪt] US [ˈɪn.ţə˞.steɪt/
■a fast wide road which goes between states and connects important cities in the United States （美国的）州际公路

Word: infidel
Front: infidel
[ˈɪnfɪdəl] (17807/23929)
Vocabulary: infidel
(once / 962 pages)
n
Infidel is a nasty way of referring to someone who does not follow the same religion you do. How can you call people infidels and expect them to believe your religion is tolerant?
Infidel comes to English from the Latin infidelis, which means "unfaithful," although it's almost always hurled at a person of different faith. You can also use the word more lightly to mean someone who doesn't share a common belief or opinion. Cries of "Infidel!" could be heard throughout the dorm when you announced that you didn't root for the local football team.
WORD FAMILY
infidel: infidels
USAGE EXAMPLES
She was trying to run or to leave and they were saying ‘She is an infidel, just kill her!’
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
They, too, loathed educated experts and critics, who were treated as infidels to be burned at the stake, as it were.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
And they argued that practicing Islam means belief in the oppression of women and the murder of infidels, and that the religion is therefore unconstitutional.
Washington Post(Nov 05, 2016)
Back: n. 不信宗教的（人），异教徒
分布：无宗教信仰的(35%)，不信教的(33%)，不信宗教者(16%)，无宗教信仰之人(16%)
→in-,不，非，-fid,信任，信仰，词源同faith,infidelity.即信仰不同的，引申词义异教徒。
没信仰的人;异教徒(in不+fid+el→不信[宗教]的人)[fid=trust,faith,表示"相信,信念"]
US [-fə.del] old use disapproving
noun countable or uncountable
■(used especially between Christians and Muslims) someone who does not have the same religious beliefs as the person speaking 尤被基督徒和穆斯林用来互指异教徒
• He lived among infidels] the infidel. 他生活在异教徒中。
• infidel armies 异教徒军队
n. 异教徒；无信仰者
 - unbeliever, pagandom
adj. 异教徒的；无宗教信仰的
 - faithless, antireligious

Word: indignation
Front: indignation
[ˌɪndɪgˈneɪʃn] (研六宝 12282/9794)
Vocabulary: indignation
(once / 265 pages)
n
Call your anger at an unjust situation indignation. If recess gets canceled for everyone because two students get into a fight, the rest of the student body will respond with indignation.
Indignation traces back to the Latin prefix in- "not" and root dignus "worthy" and means anger at something that is unfair or unjust. Another word for indignation is outrage. Be careful using these words as they have a bit of a negative slant. A person who feels indignation is a little self-righteous and focused on not being treated the way he feels he should be.
WORD FAMILY
indignation: indignations
USAGE EXAMPLES
The righteous indignation erupting across segments of the college football landscape is laughable.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
The album seethes with righteous indignation, but also soothes with considerable human empathy.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Political hypochondriacs say, with more indignation than precision, that the nation’s 58th presidential election was the fifth in which the winner lost the popular vote.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 愤怒，愤慨，气愤
分布：愤慨(39%)，愤怒(34%)，义愤(27%)
→来自indignant,愤怒的。
愤怒的(由indignant变化而来)[dign=worthy,noble,表示"值得,高贵"]
n.愤怒,愤慨His ignorance of her dignity ignited her indignation.他对她的高贵的无知点燃了她的愤怒(之火).
noun uncountable
■anger about a situation that you think is wrong or not fair （由错误或不公正的事激起的）愤怒；愤慨
fury, anger, wrath, rage, indignation
这组词都有“愤怒”的意思，其区别是：
fury: 语气最强，指极端的气愤，甚至达到发疯的程度。
anger: 普通用词，通常指因受到侮辱、损害、指责或顶撞等而引起的愤怒。
wrath: 文学用词，含义与anger相近，但语气强，含欲加惩罚或报复的意味。
rage: 侧重突然而猛列发作，难以控制的大怒。
indignation: 较正式用词，指出于正义或对不公正之事而发出的愤怒。
resentment, fury, anger, indignation
这组词都有“愤怒、生气”的意思，其区别是：
resentment: n.愤恨，怨恨，不满，是正式用语，尤指由于受侮辱或自尊心受到伤害后而产生的愤慨。
 • There was a feeling of resentment in the office after everyone's pay was lowered.   大家的工资降低后，办公室里怨声载道。
fury: n.暴怒，大怒，程度较anger要强。
anger: n.气愤，生气，是一般用语。
 • After their argument, he expressed his anger by punching the other man in the face.   争吵之后，他一拳打在那个人的脸上以发泄怒气。
indignation: n.义愤，尤其指出于道义上的激愤。
 • general indignation at the sudden steep rise in bus fares   公共汽车票价突然猛增激起的公愤
n. 愤慨；愤怒；义愤
 - anger, wrath

Word: rant
Front: rant
[rænt] (托宝 16081/19931 -1)
Vocabulary: rant
(once / 2585 pages)
vn
A rant is an argument that is fueled by passion, not shaped by facts. When the shouting starts on talk radio, or when a blog commenter resorts to ALL CAPS, you're almost certainly encountering a rant.
Rant comes from the Dutch ranten, "to talk nonsense." Rave is a close synonym — in fact, "to rant and rave" is a popular expression. When rant is used as a noun, it means something like tirade. The first recorded usage of rant is from the end of the sixteenth century, in Shakespeare's The Merry Wives of Windsor. By the middle of the turbulent seventeenth century, the name Ranters was used as a catchall pejorative for various groups of radical Christian dissenters.
WORD FAMILY
rant: ranted, ranter, ranting, rants+/ranter: ranters/ranting: rantings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Her internal rants often end with that question, evidence that so much of her disdain is prompted by defensiveness.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Rant to managers who never work on holidays or acknowledge those on their staff who do.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
But it wasn’t the bad calls that led to a profane rant by Durant after practice on Tuesday.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vi. 咆哮; 粗野的下结论; 大声责骂
vt. 大声说出
n. 大话; 粗野的话; [英]狂欢
时态：ranted, ranting, rants
分布：咆哮(57%)，夸夸其谈(22%)，激昂地说(11%)，大声斥责(5%)，大声地说(5%)
→拟声词，模仿咆哮，怒吼的声音。
【记】读：怨他，所以咆哮。
verb intransitive
■to speak or shout in a loud, uncontrolled or angry way, often saying confused or silly things 怒吼；抱怨；叫嚷；大声责骂
• He's always ranting (on) about the government. 他总是抱怨政府。
• I get fed up with my mother ranting and raving (about my clothes) all the time. 我母亲老是（因为我的穿着）对我唠叨抱怨，我真是受够了。
[rænt] noun countable
■a long, angry and confused speech 颠三倒四的气话；愤怒的叫嚷；没完没了的怒骂
• The minister's speech descended into a rant against his political opponents. 部长的发言斯文扫地，变成了对政敌没完没了的怒骂。
vi. 咆哮；痛骂；大声责骂
 - gnar, ball out
vt. 咆哮；痛骂
 - ball out, objurgate
n. 咆哮；激昂的演说
 - roar, snarl

Word: jupiter

Word: maternal
Front: maternal
[məˈtɜ:nl] (托雅宝 7048/7230 -1)
Vocabulary: maternal
(once / 742 pages)
adj
If you are maternal, you are like a mother. How you define what it is to be “like a mother” is up to you, but most people think of nurturing things like chicken soup and kisses on the forehead.
The adjective maternal comes from the Latin maternus, which means “of a mother.” Many traits are labeled as maternal, including physical traits that are genetically passed on from the mother — like being color blind. A woman’s desire to have a child is called her “maternal instinct,” and if you care for other people in a nurturing way you are being maternal, even if you are not a mother. Your mother’s mother is your “maternal grandmother.”
WORD FAMILY
maternal: maternalism, maternally, maternity +/maternalism: maternalistic/ maternity: maternities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Strawberry played despite learning of his maternal grandfather’s death earlier Monday.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
When Sisi appeared on television, he was defensive, and this time his references to the maternal fell flat.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
This argument also ignores our collective tendency to fetishize maternal sacrifice.
Salon(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 母亲的; 母亲般的; 母系的; 母亲方面的
分布：母亲的(50%)，母性的(27%)，母系的(14%)，母方的(9%)
→来自拉丁语maturnus,母亲的，来自mater,母亲，词源同mother.
[matr母,-n-,-al...的]母亲的,母性的[母matr(i);mater;metro]
母亲的,母性的(matern+al)[matern,matr=mother,表示"母性,母亲"]
US [-'tɝ:-] adjective
■behaving or feeling in the way that a mother does towards her child, especially in a kind, loving way 母亲的；母亲般的
• maternal instincts 母亲的天性
• She is very maternal towards her staff. 她对员工十分慈祥。
Compare paternal related to a mother's side of the family 母系的；母亲一方的
• Her maternal grandmother (= mother's mother) is still alive. 她的外婆依然健在。
adj. [生物] 母亲的；母性的；母系的；母体遗传的
 - mother, umbilical

Word: renege
Front: renege
[rɪˈni:g] (宝 18611/15485 -1)
Vocabulary: renege
(once / 16958 pages)
vn
To renege is to go back on your word or fail to keep a promise.
Not quite lying, reneging is more a sin of omission — failing to do what you said you would. The Latin negāre means "to deny," so by reneging on your word, you are denying someone whatever you promised them. In card games, you are said to renege if you play against the rules. To renege may be wrong, but it's not necessarily a punishable offense (unless you put that promise legally binding in writing). Still, it certainly doesn't make you look good!
WORD FAMILY
renege: reneged, reneges, reneging
USAGE EXAMPLES
Still, a faint siren stirs inside of Couch Slouch that something is amiss when student-athletes renege on their part of the covenant.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Embassy to Jerusalem only to renege once in office.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
The Russian always pockets U.S. concessions and then reneges on his promises.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: vi. 食言; 违例出牌
vt. 否认; 食言，违约; 放弃; 拒绝
n. 出牌违例; [牌]有某种花色的牌可跟而违反规则不跟
时态：reneged, reneging, reneges
分布：违约(67%)，背信(33%)
→re-,表强调，-neg,否认，词源同 no,negate.引申诸相关词义。
背信弃义(re反+nege→反过来否认→背信)[neg=deny,表示"否认"]
[rɪ'neɪg] formal
verb intransitive
■to fail to keep a promise or an agreement, etc 违背（诺言）；违约；背信
• If you renege on the deal now, I'll fight you in the courts. 如果你现在撕毁协定，我会让你上法庭。
vi. 食言；违例出牌
 - eat his words, break one's promise
vt. 否认
 - deny, disown

Word: relativity
Front: relativity
[ˌreləˈtɪvəti] (研四六 11500/12846 -1)
Vocabulary: relativity
(once / 6205 pages)
n
Relativity is the word for how things only have importance in relation to other things. In physics, relativity refers to Einstein's theory that time and space are not absolute.
If you believe there are absolute, correct answers to everything, you probably don't like relativity, which is the opposite of absolutism. According to relativity, things aren't good or bad in themselves; they only have significance in relation to other things. In physics, relativity is about how even time and space aren't absolute, objective facts. For example, time partially depends on our perceptions of it: time is relative.
WORD FAMILY
relativity: relativistic, relativities+/interrelate: interrelated, interrelating, interrelation/ interrelated: interrelatedness/interrelation: interrelations, interrelationship/interrelationship: interrelationships/ relate: interrelate, related, relates, relating, relation, relative / related: relatedly, relatedness, unrelated / relation: relational, relations, relationship /relational: relationally/ relationship: relationships/ relative: relatively, relatives, relativise, relativism, relativity, relativize/relativistic: relativistically/relativize: relativizes/ unrelated: unrelatedly, unrelatedness
USAGE EXAMPLES
If the attempt is successful, the images should help to test general relativity and illuminate black-hole behaviour.
Nature(Dec 21, 2016)
About a century ago, Albert Einstein proposed the existence of ripples in the fabric of space-time - as an outcome of his Theory of General Relativity.
BBC(Dec 21, 2016)
Explaining exactly why special relativity requires antimatter to mirror matter involves a lot of math.
Science Magazine(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. <物>相对论; 相关性; 相对性
分布：相对论(81%)，相对性(19%)
→来自 relative,相关的，-ity,名词后缀。
n.相关(性);相对论
US [-ə.tˌi] noun uncountable specialized
■either of two theories of physics giving the relationship between space, time and energy, especially for two objects moving in different ways 相对论
UK [ˌrel.ə'tɪv.ɪ.ti] US [-ə.tˌi] noun uncountable formal
■the state of being judged in comparison with other things and not by itself 相对性（与其他事物相比较，而并非单独受批判的状态）
n. [相对] 相对论；相关性；相对性
 - relative theory, pertinency

Word: roadblock
Front: roadblock
[ˈrəʊdblɒk] (11361/22512 -1)
Vocabulary: roadblock
(once / 9134 pages)
n
A literal roadblock is a barricade or obstruction that's meant to block traffic. A figurative roadblock is any situation you encounter that makes it difficult or impossible to do what you want or need to do.
When a driver encounters a roadblock, she has to stop and go back, or to take a detour and use a different route. This sort of roadblock might be set up to divert cars away from construction or an accident. Other roadblocks are obstructions to progress, like a lawsuit that halts construction on a building or the high cost of something: "The price of converting to a solar water heater was a roadblock to our plans."
WORD FAMILY
roadblock: roadblocks
USAGE EXAMPLES
But as Republicans plan to reserve the first 100 days of Congress for their more partisan goals, Democrats are preparing roadblocks.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Before it was over, two armored-car guards were shot and two police officers — one black and one white — were gunned down at a roadblock.
New York Times(Jan 12, 2012)
The filing says the second roadblock is banking regulator approval of Capital One’s proposed takeover of Cabela’s Lincoln-based World’s Foremost Bank.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 路障; <美>障碍
vi. 设置路障
分布：路障(55%)，障碍(45%)
US ['roʊd.blɑ:k] noun countable
■a temporary structure put across a road to stop traffic 路障
• Police put up/set up roadblocks on all roads out of the town in an effort to catch the bombers. 员警在所有出城的路上都设了路障，企图抓获放置炸弹的人。
n. 路障；障碍物
 - barrier, block, bottleneck

Word: retrieve
Front: retrieve
[rɪˈtri:v] (研四六托雅宝 4952/5614 -2)
Vocabulary: retrieve
(once / 991 pages)
v
When you retrieve something, you bring it back. Lots of dogs love to retrieve tennis balls, bringing them back to you over and over again.
You might retrieve your cell phone from the car, or the toys a baby throws repeatedly on the floor. You can also retrieve a memory from the recesses of your mind, or struggle to remember someone's name and then suddenly retrieve it. A retriever is a dog that's bred to bring things back — in fact, this is the word's earliest use, from the fifteenth century. The Old French root is retreuver, "find again," from re-, "again," and trouver, "to find."
WORD FAMILY
retrieve: retrievable, retrieval, retrieved, retriever, retrieves, retrieving+/ irretrievable: irretrievably/retrievable: irretrievable, unretrievable/ retrieval: retrievals/retriever: retrievers
USAGE EXAMPLES
A police spokesman says the bomb squad retrieves old military munitions about once a month.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
A Toledo police spokesman says the bomb squad retrieves old military munitions about once a month.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
If you would like to retrieve it, look next to the hydrant on the southeast corner at 96th Street and Madison Avenue.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 取回; 恢复; [计]检索; 重新得到
vi. 找回猎物
n. 恢复，挽回; 取回; [计]检索
时态：retrieved, retrieving, retrieves
分布：取回(38%)，恢复(30%)，挽回(22%)，救出险球(5%)，找回猎物(5%)
→来自古法语 retreuver,索回，找到，来自 re-,再，重新，trouver,找寻，找到，来自俗拉丁语*tropare, 找寻，词源同 trove,contrive.引申词义检索数据。
vt.重新得到,取回;挽回,补救;检索I should like to retrieve my umbrella which I left in the car.我想取回我留在车上忘记带走的雨伞.
【记】re再，trieve得到－重新得到－重新寻回
verb transitive
 ADVANCED
■to find and bring back something 找回；取回；挽回
• We taught our dog to retrieve a ball. 我们教狗捡球。
• Computers are used to store and retrieve information efficiently. 电脑用于快速高效地存储和检索资讯。
vt. [计] 检索；恢复；重新得到
 - restore, repair
n. [计] 检索；恢复，取回
 - recovery, restoration, renewal

Word: respiratory
Front: respiratory
[rəˈspɪrətri] (托 7481/9121 -1)
Vocabulary: respiratory
(once / 4057 pages)
adj
The word respiratory is an adjective describing anything related to respiration: how we breathe.
In addition to the nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems, the body has a respiratory system: this is how we get and use oxygen, which we need to survive. The respiratory system also expels carbon dioxide, which we don’t use. The main respiratory organs are the lungs. Asthma and bronchitis are respiratory diseases, because they make breathing difficult. When you see the word respiratory, just take a deep breath and you’ll remember the meaning.
WORD FAMILY
respire: respiration, respirator, respiratory, respired, respires, respiring+/ respiration: respirations/ respirator: respirators
USAGE EXAMPLES
The cause was respiratory failure, said a son, Christian Corrado.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
It holds true for all ages except for children and for numerous conditions including heart disease, respiratory problems and cancer.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
"Misuse of over-the-counter codeine products contributes to severe health outcomes including liver damage, stomach ulceration, respiratory depression and death," it said in a statement.
BBC(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 呼吸的
分布：呼吸的(70%)，与呼吸有关的(30%)
US ['res.pɚ.ə.tɔ:r.i] adjective [before noun] formal or specialized
■relating to breathing 呼吸的
• Smoking can cause respiratory diseases. 吸烟会导致呼吸系统疾病。
adj. 呼吸的
 - breathing, aspiratory

Word: aegis
Front: aegis
[ˈi:dʒɪs] (宝 18213/19062)
Vocabulary: aegis
(once / 12743 pages)
1n 2n
To be under the aegis of an organization is to be sponsored or protected by them. For instance, you were under the aegis of the Peace Corps when you were living in Swaziland.
The noun aegis comes from the Greek word Aigis, which was the name of Zeus’s shield. That’s Zeus, the most powerful Greek god, who probably had a pretty tough shield, even though it was made of goatskin. To say that something or someone is under the aegis of another is basically saying that they have the strength of Zeus on their side. Or, at least, whoever is protecting them will be as Zeus-like as possible in their support.
WORD FAMILY
aegis: aegises
USAGE EXAMPLES
It will not, as earlier reports indicated, be her own fully-fledged fashion line under the aegis of Coach.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Aegis also said it created legal uncertainty and called for improvements.
Reuters(Nov 09, 2016)
Similarly, White praises Grant’s assimilationist “peace policy” toward American Indians, but skips over the climactic wars fought under his aegis.
New York Times(Oct 19, 2016)
Back: n. 保护; 支持; 由…主办; 在…的支持下
分布：庇护(46%)，保护(36%)，资助(9%)，宙斯盾(9%)
→来自词根aig, 羊，同amnion, 羊膜。希腊神话中天神宙斯由母山羊养大，为答谢母山羊养育之恩，宙斯赋予其神力。由此母山羊皮制成的盾坚固无比，此盾后送给雅典娜。
【源】原指希腊神话中宙斯Zeus的帝盾或胸铠（羊皮盾），后来成为雅典娜的象征，盾中心装有美杜莎的头像。引申为保护，庇护。
【记】读：遗址s。既然是遗址（譬如：圆明园和故宫）当然需要保护。【九阴真经第六章】难得糊涂。大家发现了吧！读音对于背单词来说可以提供很多的线索，但有时候你不能发的太准，因为这些词你以后再也不会见到了，读那么准有用吗？各位发音大师们，糊涂一回吧，你们大可以把这个单词读成遗址。背单词才是咱们的目的！聪明难，糊涂更难！
['i:.dʒɪs] formal
noun
under the aegis of sb/sth
■with the protection or support of someone or something, especially an organization 在（尤指某个组织）的保护（或支持）下
• The project was set up under the aegis of the university. 该企划案是在这所大学的支持下开展的。
n. 保护；庇护；支持；赞助
 - protection, lee, safeguard, conservation, holding

Word: stingy
Front: stingy
[ˈstɪndʒi] (托宝 18550/33295)
Vocabulary: stingy
(once / 3671 pages)
adj
If you are looking to describe someone with a Scrooge- or Grinch-like tendency to pinch his pennies, then stingy can be your adjective of choice. Or, if you are looking to describe something you have too little of — like a 43-second coffee break — you can use stingy as well.
The adjective stingy (pronounced with a soft "g") is likely derived from the adjective stingy (pronounced with a hard "g"), which means "biting, sharp, or stinging." Although stingy is usually used to describe an ungenerous or miserly person, stingy can also be used to describe a larger entity: "People were no longer able to buy homes due to the stingy lending policies of the banks."
WORD FAMILY
stingy: stingier, stingiest, stingily, stinginess+/stinginess: stinginesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
The food, stingy during wartime, remains surprisingly plain.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
With Peyton Manning at quarterback and one of the league’s stingiest defenses, the Broncos beat the Carolina Panthers in the Super Bowl.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The Husky defense was just as tough and stingy as the more vaunted Alabama defense.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 小气的，吝啬的
分布：吝啬的(50%)，小气的(50%)
→sting,刺，叮，蜇，-y,形容词后缀。俚语。
小气的(sting+y→像刺一样[小的心胸]→小气的[sting,stinct,stimul=priek表示"刺,刺激"]
['stɪn.dʒi] informal disapproving
adjective
■unwilling to spend money 小气的，吝啬的
• He's really stingy and never buys the drinks when we go out. 他非常小气，我们一起出去时他从来不请喝酒。
• The owners are so stingy - they've refused to pay for new carpets. 房东太小气了——他们拒绝掏钱买新地毯。
adj. 吝啬的，小气的；有刺的；缺乏的
 - cheap, tight, lacking

Word: unreasonable
Front: unreasonable
[ʌnˈri:znəbl] (六 9239/5581 -K1)
Back: adj. 不合理的，荒唐的; 非理智的，不讲理的; （收费等）不当的; 过度的
分布：不合理的(88%)，不切实际的(7%)，过度的(5%)
adjective
 ADVANCED
■not fair or acceptable 不讲道理的；不合理的；不公正的
• unreasonable demands 无理要求
• [+ to infinitive] It seems unreasonable to expect one person to do both jobs. 要一个人做两份工作似乎是不合理的。
adj. 不合理的；过度的；不切实际的；非理智的
 - ideal, dream

Word: statewide
Front: statewide
[ˈsteɪtwaɪd] (6553/- -1)
Back: adj. & adv. 遍及全州的
分布：全州范围的(72%)，全州范围地(28%)
adjective
■in every part of a state
• statewide elections 州选举

Word: dice
Front: dice
[daɪs] (6854/10369 -1)
Vocabulary: dice
(once / 1186 pages)
nv
Dice are what you roll when you're playing Yahtzee or Monopoly; they are two cubes marked with dots on each side that represent the numbers one through six.
The noun dice is the plural form of the singular die. Although many people use the word dice when they're talking about a single die, it's actually only correct to call two or more of the dotted cubes dice. You can also use the word as a verb to mean "chop into tiny pieces or cubes." You might, for example, read a recipe instruction that says: "Dice three tomatoes."
WORD FAMILY
dice: diced, dicer, dices, dicing+/dicer: dicers
USAGE EXAMPLES
There will continue to be speculation about Elway rolling the dice on another seasoned star, the way he did so successfully with Peyton Manning.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The LZ project – which is halfway through construction – should be science’s last throw of the dice, they say.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Or is rolling dice just as likely to yield a useful forecast?
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 骰子; 掷骰游戏
v. 将…切成丁
时态：diced, dicing, dices
分布：骰子(71%)，掷骰子(21%)，小方块(4%)，将…切成丁(3%)，掷骰游戏(1%)
→die的复数形式。
noun countable (plural dice)
GAME 游戏
 ADVANCED (US also or old-fashioned die)
■a small cube (= object with six equal square sides) with a different number of spots on each side, used in games involving chance 骰子
• We need two dice to play the game. 玩这个游戏我们需要两个骰子。
• You roll/throw the dice and whoever gets the highest score goes first. 你们掷骰子吧，谁的点数最大谁就先开始。
uncountable
■any game involving chance in which dice are thrown 掷骰子类游戏
• Let's play dice. 我们来玩掷骰子吧。
[daɪs] noun countable (plural dice)
PIECE 块
■a small cube 小方块，丁
• Cut the potatoes into small dice. 把马铃薯切成丁。
[daɪs] noun countable (plural dice)
no dice US informal
■something that people say when you may not or cannot do something 没门儿，不行，不许
• I asked if we could go to the party, but Mom said no dice. 我问我们可不可以参加派对，妈妈说不行。
[daɪs] verb
CUT 切
transitive
■to cut food into small squares 将…切成小方块，把…切成丁
• Peel and dice the potatoes. 把马铃薯去皮并切成丁。
• diced carrots 胡萝卜丁
[daɪs] verb
GAME 游戏
dice with death
■to do something extremely dangerous and silly 拿生命冒险，玩命
• You're dicing with death driving at that speed on icy roads. 路上结了冰你还开这么快，你是在玩命啊。
n. 骰子
 - cube
vi. 掷骰子
 - shake the elbows, crap

Word: fantastic
Front: fantastic
[fænˈtæstɪk] (中高研六托雅 4747/4942 -2)
Vocabulary: fantastic
(once / 442 pages)
1adj 2adj
The adjective fantastic has two meanings — extraordinarily brilliant or ludicrously far-fetched. So when your boss calls your suggestion of work-at-home-in-your-bathrobe-Fridays for the whole office fantastic, be sure you know which one he means.
We get fantastic from the Latin phantasticus, meaning “imaginary.” Sometimes it’s still used that way: If you call a unicorn a fantastic beast, you’re not paying it a compliment; you’re saying it exists only in fairy tales. Most often, though, fantastic means strikingly out-of-the-ordinary. It can be complimentary ("You got an A? Fantastic!") or disparaging ("He was always foolishly unrealistic, but trying to reach the moon using a balloon tied to his bicycle was his most fantastic idea yet.").
WORD FAMILY
fantastic: fantasticly+/fantasist: fantasists/ fantasize: fantasized, fantasizes, fantasizing/fantastical: fantastically/ fantasy: fantasied, fantasies, fantasise, fantasist, fantasize, fantastic, fantastical, fantasying
USAGE EXAMPLES
But there are also many stories of fantastic economic failure.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
His his all-round display against Watford was fantastic, not to mention his two goals.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
I haven't seen it again but it was a fantastic strike for him.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 极好的; 很大的; 怪诞的; 不切实际的
分布：奇异的(43%)，极好的(31%)，幻想的(13%)，难以置信的(9%)，巨大的(4%)
→来自fantasy, 幻想。即幻想中的，极美妙的。
a.(fantastical)奇异的,幻想的,异想天开的We had a fantastic trip to Europe.我们进行了一次美好的欧洲之旅.
adjective
GOOD 好的
 IMPROVER informal
■extremely good 极好的
• You look fantastic in that dress. 你穿着那条连身裙看起来棒极了。
• We had a fantastic time. 我们玩得很痛快。
• They've won a holiday? How fantastic! 他们赢得了一个假期？太棒了！
[fæn'tæs.tɪk] adjective
NOT REAL 不真实的 (also fantastical)
■strange and imaginary, or not reasonable 怪诞的；幻想的；荒诞不经的
• He drew fantastic animals with two heads and large wings. 他画了一些长着两个头和巨大翅膀的怪兽。
• fantastical tales (= about imaginary things) 幻想故事
■very unusual, strange or unexpected 非同寻常的；奇怪的；难以置信的
• It seemed fantastic that they still remembered her 50 years later. 50年过去了，他们依然记得她，这似乎令人难以置信。
[fæn'tæs.tɪk] adjective
LARGE 大的
■A fantastic amount is very large （数量）极大的
• She must be earning a fantastic amount of money. 她一定是在赚大钱。
adj. 奇异的；空想的；极好的；不可思议的
 - wonderful, excellent, famous, super, great
n. 古怪的人
 - weirdo, geezer

Word: boxer
Front: boxer
[ˈbɒksə(r)] (8192/7907 -2)
Back: n. （尤指职业）拳击手; 拳师狗; 装箱者，装箱工
分布：拳击手(97%)，拳师狗(3%)
US ['bɑ:k.sɚ] noun countable
SPORTSPERSON 运动员
■someone who takes part in the sport of boxing 拳击手，拳击运动员
• He was a heavyweight boxer before he became an actor. 他在当演员之前是一位重量级拳击手。
UK ['bɒk.sər] US ['bɑ:k.sɚ] noun countable
DOG 狗
■a dog of medium size with short light brown hair and a short flat nose 拳师狗（中等大小的短毛狗，毛色浅褐，鼻子短平）
n. 拳师，拳击手
 - pugilist, scrapper

Word: attain
Front: attain
[əˈteɪn] (高研四六托雅宝 5323/5042 -1)
Vocabulary: attain
(once / 124 pages)
v
The verb attain is all about reaching some mark of achievement. You can attain a goal. You can even attain a destination. If you consistently have the highest grades in your class, you might attain a reputation for success.
Attain derives in part from the Latin tangere "to touch," which is also at the root of retain "to keep," obtain "to get," contain "to control." One might obtain the discipline to contain one's emotions while studying, thereby attaining control and retaining more information.
WORD FAMILY
attain: attainable, attained, attaining, attainment, attains+/ attainable: attainability, attainableness, unattainable / attainment: attainments/ unattainable: unattainableness, unattainably
USAGE EXAMPLES
“The rank of Eagle Scout must be attained by the 18th birthday,” Long said.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
“The Southern elite and middle class were adopting football and attaining proficiency at it to prove that they belonged in the charmed circle.”
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
“These live training events are fundamental to the ability of our airmen, sailors, and marines to attain and sustain the highest levels of military readiness.”
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 达到，获得; 遂愿; 经过努力到达某事物
vt. 达到，实现; 获得; 到达
vi. 达到; 获得; 到达
时态：attained, attaining, attains
分布：达到(54%)，获得(23%)，实现(23%)
→前缀at-同ad-. -tain同词根tang, 接触，触摸，见tangent, 相切。进入法语字母g脱落。
达到;获得(at+tain拿住→获得)[ab-,ac-,ad-,af-,ag-,an-,ap-,ar-,as-,at-等加在同辅音字母的词根前,表示"一再"等加强意]
获得(at加强动作+tain→拿住了→获得)[tain,ten,tin=hold表示"拿住"]
vt.达到;完成;获得vi.达到Having attained the entertaining center, the retained man was detained and sustained pain.到达娱乐中心后,聘请的男子遭到拘留并经受到痛苦.
【记】at一再，tach拿住－一再拿住－达到目标
【参】attainment （n 获得；成就）；abstain（v 禁绝，放弃），detain（v 拘留，阻止）
[ə'teɪn] formal
verb transitive
■to reach or succeed in getting something; to achieve 实现；获得；赢得
• He has attained the highest grade in his music exams. 他在音乐考试中得了最高分。
• We need to identify the best ways of attaining our objectives/goals. 我们需要确定达到目标的最佳方法。
• India attained independence in 1947, after decades of struggle. 经过几十年的斗争，印度于1947年获得独立。
attain, finish, accomplish, complete, achieve
attain: 达到，实现，常用于一般人的能力不易达到的目的。如：Greater efforts are needed before we can attain our goals.
finish: 最常用，后接动词的-ing形式，表示在一个活动的连续过程中完成了最后的一步或阶段。如：I’ll finish the job alone. (我要独自完成这项工作。)
accomplish: 表成功，强调完成的结果而不是过程。如：Because of his hard word, things are accomplished. (由于他的努力，事情都已完成了。)
complete: 表示积极的完成，更具体地指建筑、工程等的完成。如：Has he complete his novel yet? (他的小说写完了吗？)
achieve: 完成，实现，强调通过努力而达到目的。如：You will achieve success if you work hard.
arrive, attain, reach, achieve
这组词都有“达到”的意思，其区别是：
arrive: 指得出结论，达成某项协议或作出某一决定等。
attain: 侧重指在抱负或雄心的激励下，以最大的努力去达到一般所不及或不敢追求的目的。
reach: 常用词，指到达某一空间、时间、目标或发展过程中的某一点。
achieve: 侧重为达到目的所需的技巧、忍耐和努力。
attain, reach, calculate, score
attain: 活得，赢得，达到（某年龄、级别等）
reach: 达到（某水平、标准），实现（目标）
calculate: 计算核算
score: （在游戏、竞赛中）得分
attain, acquire, obtain, secure, achieve, earn, gain
这组词都有“获得，取得”的意思，其区别是：
attain: v.指经过不懈的努力获得未曾预料到的结果；也可指达到某一目标。
 • The salesperson attained his sales goal for the month.   这名销售员完成了当月的销售目标。
acquire: v.多指经过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等，也可用于对财物等的获得，该词强调"一经获得就会长期持有"的含义。
 • It is through learning that the individual acquires many habitual ways of reacting to situations.   正是通过学习，个人才得以获得应付各种情况的习惯做法。
obtain: v.获得，买到，用于正式语体中。
 • He obtained the property with a bank loan.   他通过向银行贷款买下了那份房产。
secure: v.得到；把……拿到手，含有肯定占有难以得到的东西之意；使安全，保卫；作形容词比较常见，意为"安全的"。
 • A million signatures have been secured.   已征集到了100万人的签名。
 • He secured the office before leaving it for the night.   他晚上离开前锁好了办公室的门窗。
achieve: v.得到，获得，多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。
 • The movie star achieved success and wealth.   这个影星取得了成功和财富。
earn: v.挣得，赢得，指因工作等而得到报酬或待遇。
 • How much do you earn a week?   你一星期挣多少钱？
gain: v.指通过较大努力获得某种利益或好处；亦可指军事上的武力夺取等。
 • An investor gains by buying stocks that go up in value.   投资者通过所买股票价格上涨而得利润。
attain, acquire, obtain, get, achieve, gain
这组词都有“获得”的意思，其区别是：
attain: 为正式用词，多用于庄重场合，主要指通过努力达到重要目的或得到珍贵的东西。如：The scientist attained great fame by a new discovery.(那科学家由于一次新发现而出了名。)
acquire: 指通过本身的努力逐渐获得知识、能力和荣誉等。如：acquire knowledge(获得知识)。
obtain: 多指凭努力或恳求得到急需或很想得到的东西。如：Howard had failed to obtain a scholarship.(霍华德没能得到奖学金。)
get: 用得最广，可指以各种方式获得各种东西。如：Where can I get enough information?(我从哪儿能得到足够的资料？)
achieve: 多指克服困难后取得胜利，成功，强调“得到”这一结果。如：He achieved his ambition in the end.(他最终实现了他的抱负。)
gain: 多指付出极大努力后获得或赢得给自己带来优势的东西。如：They gained the victory after a bloody battle.(浴血奋战后他们赢得了胜利。)
vt. 达到，实现；获得；到达
 - accomplish, carry out, earn, acquire, come true
vi. 达到；获得；到达
 - go, take, land, arrive at
n. 成就
 - achievement, effort, success, accomplishment, Vostro

Word: glenn
Front: glenn
[ɡlen] (-/10780)
Back: n. 格伦

Word: grandiose
Front: grandiose
[ˈgrændiəʊs] (宝 14705/13938 -1)
Vocabulary: grandiose
(once / 4471 pages)
adj
You've got big plans. Huge plans. Whatever it is, it's going to blow minds and absolutely rock worlds! Well, to some people those plans might sound a bit grandiose, or unnecessarily overblown and even highfalutin.
Coming from the Italian word grandioso (meaning "grand" or "noble"), the adjective grandiose is kind of like Italian hand gestures: big, exaggerated, and over the top. And it's that excessiveness that pushes something grand (large, with an air of distinction) into grandiose (large, but trying too hard) territory.
WORD FAMILY
grandiose: grandiosely, grandiosity+/grandiosity: grandiosities
USAGE EXAMPLES
In my grandiose naïveté, I again turned down the offer of stardom.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
The staging, which involves changing projections that often spread beyond the grandiose theater’s proscenium space helps keep the show eye-filling.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 14, 2016)
My tastes run more towards the dark and absurd than the epic and grandiose.
Salon(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: adj. 宏伟的; 浮夸的; 壮阔; 沾沾自喜
分布：宏伟的(50%)，浮夸的(43%)，壮观的(7%)
→来自grand, 壮丽的，堂皇的。后形容语言浮夸。
浮夸的;雄伟的(grandi宏大)[-ose表形容词"多…的"]
【反】trivial（adj 琐细的；微不足道的）
US [-oʊs] disapproving
adjective
■larger and containing more detail than necessary, or intended to seem important or splendid 夸大的，不切实际的；华而不实的
• grandiose plans/schemes/ideas for making money 不切实际的赚钱计划／方案／想法
adj. 宏伟的；堂皇的；浮夸的；宏大的
 - magnificent, noble

Word: hyp

Word: glum
Front: glum
[glʌm] (19388/20347 -1)
Vocabulary: glum
(once / 2910 pages)
adj
To be glum is to be sad. Glum is a word for being depressed, bummed out, or down in the dumps.
People who are glum are sometimes said to be sullen, brooding, morose, and moody. Glum folks don't smile, giggle, or laugh — and they're rarely seen holding balloons. Being glum is a little more outward-directed than just being sad. To be glum is to act sad in front of other people, almost like you want them to ask, "Why so glum?"
WORD FAMILY
glum: glumer, glumly, glummer, glummest, glumness
USAGE EXAMPLES
He hardly looked glum, though, as he sat in front of his locker.
Golf Digest(Jan 02, 2017)
At halftime, the players from Chinle retreated, glum, to their locker room, 7 points down.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis—which is incurable but treatable with medication—brought a glum sense of relief.
The New Yorker(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 闷闷不乐的，忧郁的; 阴沉的
级别：glummer, glummest
分布：闷闷不乐(24%)，闷闷不乐的(22%)，忧郁(20%)，阴郁的(17%)，阴沉的(17%)
→词源同gloom, 忧郁。
[glʌm] (glummer, glummest) informal
adjective
■disappointed or unhappy, and quiet 沮丧的；闷闷不乐的；愁闷的
• You look glum. What's up? 你看上去闷闷不乐的，怎么了？
• He's very glum about the company's prospects. 他对公司的前景感到很不乐观。
■If a place is glum, it is not attractive and has nothing that causes pleasure 阴郁的；死气沉沉的
• They live in one glum little room. 他们住在一个死气沉沉的小房间里。
adj. 阴沉的；忧郁的
 - dark, blue, heavy, sombre

Word: jolly
Front: jolly
[ˈdʒɒli] (研四六宝 13154/8699 -2)
Vocabulary: jolly
(once / 313 pages)
1adjvn 2adv 3n
Someone who's jolly is extremely cheerful. Your jolly French teacher might spend a large part of each class laughing out loud at his own jokes — if only you understood French, you could laugh along with him.
Santa Claus might be the mythical figure best known for being jolly — he's especially famous for his jolly "Ho ho ho!" Anyone who tends to be merry or festive is jolly, and when you want to cheer up a less-than-jolly friend, you can jolly them, teasing or kidding until they smile. The Old French root is jolif, "festive, merry, or pretty."
WORD FAMILY
jolly: jollied, jollier, jollies, jolliest, jollily, jolliness, jollity, jollying+/ jollity: jollities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Jolly called South Bend’s ban “stupid” but said he will follow it.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“I was just like, ‘I can’t be too jolly up there because the season hasn’t been too great,’” Williams said Friday.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
It posted the announcement "Grandpa Frost and Snow Maiden also pay their taxes" on its Hrodna and Homel regional sites under a deceptively jolly logo.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 快活的; 兴高采烈的; 愉快的; 有趣的
adv. 很; 非常
vt. 使高兴，使愉快; 打趣
vi. 开玩笑; 作乐
n. 寻欢作乐; 奉承，逢迎; 皇家陆战队兵士; 老富豪
时态：jollied, jollying, jollies
分布：非常(32%)，快乐的(20%)，愉快的(16%)，开玩笑(10%)，哄(5%)，欢庆(5%)，戏虐(4%)，极为(4%)，恭维(4%)
→来自古法语jolif,节日，欢乐。词源不确定，可能来自古诺斯语jol,冬天的节日，词源同Yule,yuletide.或来自拉丁语gaudere,享受，愉悦，词源同gaudy,enjoy.
a.欢乐的,高兴的The enrolled jolly stroller polled on the trolley.被招收的快乐的散步者在无轨电车上投票.
US ['dʒɑ:.li] adjective
HAPPY 高兴的
■happy and smiling 兴高采烈的，快活的
• a jolly smile/manner/mood 开心的微笑／兴高采烈的样子／愉快的心情
• She's a very jolly, upbeat sort of a person. 她是个非常乐观向上的人。
UK ['dʒɒl.i] US ['dʒɑ:.li] adjective
ENJOYABLE 令人愉快的 old-fashioned
■enjoyable, energetic and entertaining 令人愉快的，惬意的
• a jolly occasion 令人愉快的场合
• We spent a very jolly evening together, chatting and drinking. 我们一起聊天、喝酒，渡过了一个惬意的晚上。
UK ['dʒɒl.i] US ['dʒɑ:.li] adjective
ATTRACTIVE 吸引人的
■bright and attractive 明亮好看的
• I love the bright yellow you've painted the children's room - it makes it look really jolly. 我喜欢你给孩子房间涂刷的鲜黄色——这使它看起来十分明亮悦目。
UK ['dʒɒl.i] US ['dʒɑ:.li] adjective
jolly hockey sticks UK humorous
■describes a woman or girl of a high social class who is enthusiastic in a way that annoys most people （上层社会女子）好交际的，过分热情而让人讨厌的
UK ['dʒɒl.i] US ['dʒɑ:.li] adverb UK old-fashioned informal
■very 很，非常
• That's a jolly nice scarf you're wearing. 你戴的围巾很漂亮。
UK ['dʒɒl.i] US ['dʒɑ:.li] adverb UK old-fashioned informal
jolly good old-fashioned
■used to express approval of something that someone has said or done, or to show that you have heard or understood what someone has said （表示赞同、已听到或明白）很好
• "I've left all the papers you need on your desk." "Oh, jolly good." “我把你需要的档都放在你桌子上了。”“噢，很好。”
UK ['dʒɒl.i] US ['dʒɑ:.li] adverb UK old-fashioned informal
Jolly good show ! old use
■used to express admiration for what someone has said or done （表示赞赏）做得好！太棒了！
• "We won!" "Oh, jolly good show!" “我们赢了！”“啊，太棒了！”
UK ['dʒɒl.i] US ['dʒɑ:.li] verb transitive + adverb or preposition informal
■to encourage someone to do something by putting them in a good mood and persuading them gently （说好话）哄，捧，鼓励
• I'll try to jolly my parents into letting me borrow the car this weekend. 我会试着哄我爸妈周末把汽车借给我。
• She didn't really want to go to the party, so we had to jolly her along a bit. 她并不太想参加聚会，所以我们要哄得她高兴点。
UK ['dʒɒl.i] US ['dʒɑ:.li] verb transitive + adverb or preposition informal
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] jolly sth up UK informal
■to make something brighter and more attractive 使更明亮悦目
• I thought I'd jolly the room up with some colourful curtains. 我想我会用些色彩鲜艳的窗帘让房间更明亮好看。
joyful, glad, delightful, merry, gay, happy, agreeable, jolly, nice, pleasant, cheerful
这组词都有“愉快的，高兴的”的意思，其区别是：
joyful: 语气较强，强调心情或感情上的欣喜。
glad: 最普通用词，语气较弱，表示礼貌的惯用语。指乐于做某事或因某事而感到满足，常表愉快的心情。
delightful: 指能带来强烈的快乐，激起愉快的情感，用于非常愉快的场合。
merry: 指精神情绪的暂时高涨，表示欢乐、愉快的心境或情景，侧重充满欢笑声和乐趣。
gay: 侧重无忧无虑、精神昂扬、充满生命的快乐。
happy: 侧重感到满足、幸福或高兴。
agreeable: 指与感受者的愿望、情趣或受好等和谐一致而带来的心情上的快意。
jolly: 通俗用词，多指充满快乐与喜悦的神情。
nice: 语气较温和，泛指任何愉快或满意的感觉。
pleasant: 侧重给人以“赏心悦目”或“愉快的，宜人的”感受。
cheerful: 多指因内心的愉快而表现出兴高采烈，是强调而自然的感情流露。
adj. 愉快的；欢乐的；宜人的
 - good, bright, grateful, fragrant, cheerful
adv. 很；非常
 - greatly, quite, badly, extremely, too, highly, far
vi. （口）开玩笑
 - fool, kid around, to play a joke, to joke

Word: imitation
Front: imitation
[ˌɪmɪˈteɪʃn] (研六托雅宝 7375/6994 -1)
Vocabulary: imitation
(once / 375 pages)
nadj
Imitation means copying the words, facial expressions, or actions of another person. Sometimes imitation is flattering, but often it's just annoying — like when your little brother does it to drive you crazy.
Use the adjective imitation to describe an object that pretends to be something else. Imitation paintings can be so real looking that it's hard to tell the fake from the genuine article. Some imitations have hung unnoticed on museum walls for years, only being exposed through the use of modern technology. A common proverb is "imitation is the sincerest form of flattery," although museum directors and people with obnoxious little brothers would probably disagree.
WORD FAMILY
imitation: imitations+/ imitate: imitated, imitates, imitating, imitation, imitative, imitator, inimitable /imitative: imitatively, nonimitative/imitator: imitators/ inimitable: inimitably
USAGE EXAMPLES
The most historically accurate recent Oscar contender is Selma and the least is The Imitation Game.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
At 16, she won the Miss Burbank beauty contest doing an imitation of her idol Betty Hutton performing.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Some even dubbed them “Swanselona” over the years, a reference to Swansea’s passable imitation of Barcelona’s preferred style.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 模仿，仿效; 仿制品; 赝品; [生]拟态
adj. 人造的; 仿制的
分布：模仿(98%)，效法(1%)，冒充的(1%)
→来自imitate,模仿。引申词义模仿品，仿制品。
n.模仿,仿效;仿制;仿造品The limitation on the imitations is preliminarily eliminated.对模仿的限制初步被消除.
adjective
■made to look like something else 仿造的
• an imitation leather watch-strap 仿皮革表带
• It's not real silk - it's just imitation. 这不是真丝——不过是仿制的。
[ˌɪm.ɪ'teɪ.ʃən] noun
countable or uncountable
■when someone or something imitates another person or thing 模仿；仿效
• Ten-year-olds have started wearing lipstick and make-up in imitation of the older girls. 十岁的女孩子已经开始模仿年长的女孩涂抹口红和化妆了。
• She can do a wonderful imitation of a blackbird's song. 她能唯妙唯肖地模仿乌鸫的鸣啭。
countable
■a copy 仿制品
• His songs are just cheap (= low quality) imitations of Beatles tunes. 他的歌只是对披头四乐队歌曲的拙劣模仿。
n. 模仿，仿造；仿制品
 - simulation, mimicry
adj. 人造的，仿制的
 - artificial, synthetic

Word: integral
Front: integral
[ˈɪntɪgrəl] (研六托雅宝 5882/5095 -1)
Vocabulary: integral
(once / 417 pages)
1adj 2nadj
Something that is integral is very important or necessary. If you are an integral part of the team, it means that the team cannot function without you.
An integral part is necessary to complete the whole. In this sense, the word essential is a near synonym. In mathematics, there are integrals of functions and equations. Integral is from Middle English, from Medieval Latin integralis "making up a whole," from Latin integer "untouched, entire."
WORD FAMILY
integral: integrality, integrally, integrals, integrate +/ disintegrate: disintegrable, disintegrated, disintegrates, disintegrating, disintegration, disintegrative/ disintegration: disintegrations/disintegrative: disintegratively/ integrate: disintegrate, integrated, integrates, integrating, integration, integrative, integrator, reintegrate/ integrated: nonintegrated, unintegrated/ integration: integrations/integrator: integrators/reintegrate: reintegrated, reintegrates, reintegrating
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Settlements are seen more and more by people as an integral part of Israel,” said Tamar Hermann, a senior fellow at the institute.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
Surfing is an integral part of California culture.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Few other drummers were as integral to the development of fusion as Mr. Mouzon, who combined volcanic intensity with a brisk attunement to dynamic flow.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 完整的; 积分的; 必须的
n. 整体; 积分
分布：完整的(50%)，完整(44%)，构成整体所必需的(6%)
→in-,不，非，-teg,接触，词源同tangible,intact.即没有接触过的，整体的。
完整的(integr+al)[inter=whole,表示"完整"]
a.构成整体所必需的;完整的Steel is an integral part of a modern skyscraper.钢铁是现代摩天大厦的主干.
【记】in没有，tegr＝tang接触：没有接触－完整的
【参】integrate（vt 使成整体）
【反】superfluous＝redundant（adj 多余的）；fragmental（adj 破片的）
US [-tˌə-] adjective
■necessary and important as a part of, or contained within, a whole 构成整体所必需的；整体的
• He's an integral part of the team and we can't do without him. 他是球队不可或缺的一员，没有他我们可不行。
• Bars and terrace cafés are integral to the social life of the city. 酒吧和露天咖啡座是这个城市社交生活中不可缺少的一部分。
adj. [数] 积分的；完整的，整体的
 - whole, complete, full, intact
n. [数] 积分；部分；完整
 - proportion, part, portion, percent, fraction

Word: setter
Front: setter
[ˈsetə(r)] (17244/22826 -1)
Back: n. 安放者，安装员; 作曲者; 排字者; 塞特种猎狗
分布：作曲者(23%)，安装者(22%)，排字工人(22%)，给定装置(11%)，赛特种猎犬(11%)，嵌镶工人(11%)
→比喻用法，来自 set,放置，设置，-er,表物。用于指蹲伏的猎狗。
US ['setˌ.ɚ] noun countable
■a dog with long hair, which is sometimes trained to help hunters find birds or animals to shoot. There are various types of setter （经过训练可帮助猎人发现猎物的）蹲伏猎狗
• an Irish setter 爱尔兰蹲伏猎狗
• a red setter 红色蹲伏狗
n. [机] 调节器；作曲者；排字工人；安装员，从事安装的人
 - adjustment, conditioner

Word: snapshot
Front: snapshot
[ˈsnæpʃɒt] (7704/11440 -1)
Back: n. （快照）照片，独立的印象，简单印象; 简介; 急射，速射
vt. 给…拍快照
vt. 拍快照
分布：快照(99%)，印象(1%)
→snap,抓拍，抢拍，shot,照片。
US [-ʃɑ:t] informal
noun countable
■a photograph 照片，快照
n. [摄] 快照，快相；急射，速射；简单印象
 - instantane, rapid fire

Word: usefulness
Front: usefulness
[ˈju:sfəlnəs] (9891/8593)
Back: n. 有用，有益，有效; 效能
分布：有用(67%)，有用性(33%)
noun uncountable
■the quality or state of being useful 有用性；用处
• Some people think this system of education has outlived its usefulness (= is no longer useful). 一些人认为这种教育制度已经过时了。
n. 有用；有效性；有益
 - validity, availability

Word: abet
Front: abet
[əˈbet] (宝 15345/14447)
Vocabulary: abet
(once / 2534 pages)
v
To abet is to help someone do something, usually something wrong. If you were the lookout while your older sister swiped cookies from the cookie jar, you abetted her mischief.
The verb abet can be used to generally mean encouragement, but people usually expect to see it in relation to some crime. "The singer was abetted by a pianist in her rendition of Silver Bells," for example, is a harmless construction. However, people more often expect abet in a sentence like this: "She was charged with aiding and abetting the burglar because she drove the getaway car." Abet comes from an Old French word abeter meaning "to bait."
WORD FAMILY
abet: abetment, abets, abettal, abetted, abetter, abetting, abettor +/abetment: abetments/abetter: abetters/ abettor: abettors
USAGE EXAMPLES
By creating interactions that encourage consumers to understand the objects that serve them as women, technologists abet the prejudice by which women are considered objects.
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
Many countries, including Russia, recruit hackers to do cyberespionage or cyberattacks, and in exchange the authorities ignore or even abet their criminal enterprises.
Slate(Dec 30, 2016)
In Trump’s world — aided and abetted by most of the corporate news media — social and political reality are twisted and upended to fit his will.
Salon(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: vt. 教唆（犯罪）; 煽动; 怂恿; 支持
n. 帮助
时态：abetted, abetting, abets
分布：教唆(42%)，煽动(29%)，怂恿(29%)
→前缀a-同ad-, 去，往。-bet同bite,咬。原指中世纪一种残忍的纵狗斗熊游戏。
【源】源于bet＝bait[饵]有引诱的意思
【记】a一再，bet赌博。记住，这不是你的错，一定是有人教唆你，因为麻将三缺一！
【区】abut（v 接界、毗连）。a一个，but但是（连词）。何谓连词，就是连接两个分句的词，引申为连接两个国家的边界。
【反】frustrate（v 使灰心）；stymie（v 阻碍）；forestall（v 预先阻止）；thwart（vt 阻碍）；impede（v 阻碍）；obstruct（v 阻隔；阻塞）
[ə'bet] (-tt-)
verb transitive
■to help or encourage someone to do something wrong or illegal 教唆，唆使，怂恿；伙同…作案
• His accountant had aided and abetted him in the fraud. 他的会计师与他合谋诈骗。
vt. 煽动，教唆；支持
 - fan, encourage, egg, carry, second

Word: spontaneous
Front: spontaneous
[spɒnˈteɪniəs] (研四六托雅宝 6576/5599 -2)
Vocabulary: spontaneous
(once / 532 pages)
adj
Something spontaneous happens when you're least expecting it. Spontaneous things are natural or instinctive, and they happen without warning.
If you plan to go to a movie and then you go, that's not a spontaneous thing. Ditching the movie at the last minute to go to the park? That's spontaneous. Spontaneous things happen all of a sudden, on the spur of the moment, without being planned. Spontaneous can also refer to things that happen without outside influence. Your parents will be happy if you do your chores spontaneously instead of waiting till they nag you.
WORD FAMILY
spontaneous: spontaneity, spontaneously, spontaneousness+/ spontaneity: spontaneities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Of course, much of the thrill of shopping involves spontaneous discoveries.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
It started as a spontaneous and very real outpouring of shock and grief over the killing.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
Their latest album, Existentialism, is a collection of new songs recorded live in pubs to get that same rowdy, spontaneous, participatory ambience.
Slate(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 自发的; 自然的; 天然产生的; 无意识的
分布：自然产生的(100%)
→来自拉丁语 spontaneus,自由意志的，自发的，来自短语 sua sponte,自我意志，自愿，来自 sua,
自愿的;自发的(spont+aneous→自[内心]承诺→自愿的)[Spond,spons=promise,表示"承诺"]
自发的[-aneous表形容词"…有;...特征的"]
a.自发的,自然产生的The nitrogen atoms combine instantaneously, simultaneously and spontaneously.氮原子瞬间同时自动化合.
【记】源于：sponge（n 海绵）可以自发的恢复形状。
【参】spongy（adj 像海绵的）
【反】premeditated（adj 预谋的）
US [spɑ:n-] adjective
■happening or done in a natural, often sudden way, without any planning or without being forced 自发的；非筹划安排的；非勉强的
• His jokes seemed spontaneous, but were in fact carefully prepared beforehand. 他讲的笑话看似即兴的，但实际上是事先精心准备好的。
• approving She's such a spontaneous, lively woman. 她是个为人率直、充满活力的女子。
adj. 自发的；自然的；无意识的
 - autonomous, mechanical, natural, initiative

Word: apprentice
Front: apprentice
[əˈprentɪs] (托雅宝 8593/6050 -1)
Vocabulary: apprentice
(once / 540 pages)
nv
An apprentice is someone who learns a trade. An apprentice farmer is paid very little but has the chance to learn farming by watching and doing.
In the old days, becoming an apprentice was the only way to get into many lines of work. Nowadays we think of it more in terms of trades — butchers, bakers, bricklayers, etc. If you do the same thing in an office setting, it's usually called an internship, but the idea is the same — learning by watching an expert. The word can be used as either a noun or verb: You are an apprentice, but you also can apprentice to the barber down the street.
WORD FAMILY
apprentice: apprenticed, apprentices, apprenticeship, apprenticing+/ apprenticeship: apprenticeships
USAGE EXAMPLES
The “Apprentice” franchise, however,  is only two years younger than “Idol.”
Salon(Jan 01, 2017)
To further complicate matters, Trump retains a producing stake in “The New Celebrity Apprentice.”
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Trump's 11-year stint on "The Apprentice" and sister show "Celebrity Apprentice" catapulted him from New York businessman to a household name.
Reuters(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 学徒，徒弟; 新手
vt. 使…做学徒
时态：apprenticed, apprenticing, apprentices
分布：学徒(95%)，见习生(4%)，使当学徒(1%)
【记】app读：我怕，rent租金。我怕租金。因为我是学徒，手艺还没学会呢，饭还吃不饱呢，没钱交租金。
US [-tˌɪs] noun countable
■someone who has agreed to work for a skilled person for a particular period of time and often for low payment, in order to learn that person's skills 学徒；徒弟
• Most of the work was done by apprentices. 大部分工作是由学徒做的。
• an apprentice carpenter 木工学徒
UK [ə'pren.tɪs] US [-tˌɪs] verb transitive usually passive old use
■to make someone an apprentice 使当学徒
• Michelangelo was apprenticed to Ghirlandaio in Florence for three years. 米开朗基罗曾在佛罗伦斯师从吉尔兰达约三年。
n. 学徒； [劳经] 生手
 - freshman, fresh hand

Word: ballet
Front: ballet
[ˈbæleɪ] (高研六托雅 6552/4421 -2)
Vocabulary: ballet
(once / 851 pages)
n
Ballet is a form of dance that uses scenery, music, and the movements of the dancers to tell a story. Learning classical ballet takes years of training.
Ballet also refers to the music written for a ballet. Famous ballets include "The Nutcracker," "Swan Lake," and "Romeo and Juliet." The word ballet comes from the French word ballet, originally ballette, which itself is from the Latin word ballare, which means "to dance." The word ball, meaning a festive party with dancing, comes from the same Latin word.
WORD FAMILY
ballet: balletic, ballets+/balletic: balletically
USAGE EXAMPLES
She talks about the Nutcracker, her favorite ballet.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Later, a stylized dream sequence recalls Gene Kelly’s pursuit of Leslie Caron in the ballet that closes “An American in Paris.”
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Expect performances by the Vienna Singverein concert choir and the Vienna State Ballet.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 芭蕾舞; 芭蕾舞剧; 芭蕾舞团; 芭蕾舞音乐
分布：芭蕾舞(100%)
→来自ball, 跳舞。-et, 小词后缀。
芭蕾舞(ball+et→舞蹈→芭蕾舞)[ball,bol=throw,dance,ball,表示"抛,舞,球"]
n.芭蕾舞,芭蕾舞剧;芭蕾舞团Balloon, baseball, basketball, football and volleyball all dance ballet on the volcano.气球,棒球,篮球,足球和排球都在火山上跳芭蕾舞.
US [-'-] noun countable or uncountable
 ADVANCED
■(a theatrical work with) a type of dancing where carefully organized movements tell a story or express an idea 芭蕾舞，舞剧
• a ballet dancer 芭蕾舞女演员
• By the age of fifteen he had already composed his first ballet (= music for a ballet). 他15岁就写了第一首芭蕾舞曲。

Word: attendant
Front: attendant
[əˈtendənt] (研六托雅 5430/7630 -2)
Vocabulary: attendant
(once / 261 pages)
nadj
An attendant is someone present at a meeting or event. A flight attendant, for example, tends to the needs of passengers on a plane trip.
The word attendant has to do with being present. An attendant on a flight is present to help you if you need anything. An attendant event is one that happens in the presence of another event. In other words, it can mean "accompanying." An illness can have attendant symptoms that go along with it. Remember that the word ends in -ant.
WORD FAMILY
attendant: attendants+/ attend: attendance, attendant, attended, attender, attending, attends, attention, attentive / attendance: attendances, nonattendance/attended: unattended/attender: attenders, nonattender/ attention: attentional, attentions, inattention / attentive: attentively, attentiveness, inattentive / inattention: inattentions/ inattentive: inattentively, inattentiveness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Jasmine, a flight attendant from Tacoma; and Taylor, a mental-health counselor from Seattle.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Locker-room attendants reported that Jordan Spieth’s nameplate disappeared within 30 minutes of his wrapping up his eight-stroke victory last January.
Golf Digest(Jan 02, 2017)
Many were wheelchair attendants and baggage handlers working for Huntleigh USA, a Texas-based company that workers specifically targeted that day.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 服务人员，侍者; 随从，随员; 伴随物
adj. 伴随的，随之而产生的; 出席的; 护理的
分布：服务员(72%)，伴随的(12%)，侍从(9%)，伴随物(4%)，出席者(3%)
出席的n.随从(attend+ant人)[tend,tent,tens=stretch表示"伸展"]
n.陪从;出席人;服务员a.出席的;伴随的The attendants attend the meeting and pretend to be attentive.侍从们出席会议并装出专注的样子.
noun countable
■someone whose job is to be in a place and help visitors or customers 服务员；侍者
• a cloakroom/museum attendant 衣帽间服务员／博物馆解说员
■someone whose job is to travel or live with an important person and help them （要人的）侍从，随从
• The Prince was followed by his attendants. 王子由其侍从陪同。
[ə'ten.dənt] adjective formal
■coming with a stated thing or resulting from it 伴随的；随之而产生的
• debt and its attendant problems 负债和随之而生的问题
• There are too many risks attendant on such a large investment of money. 这样巨额的投资伴随太多的风险。
■present with someone to help them, or present at an event, place, etc. 伺候的；护理的；到场的
• attendant staff 服务人员
• the attendant crowd/fans 在场群众／爱好者
attendant, servant, waiter
这组词都有“服务员”的意思，其区别是：
attendant: 多指跟随某人并为其服务的人。也可指一般意义的“服务员”。
servant: 指吃住在他人家为挣工资而干活的人，也指被雇用的人或指广义的“公仆”。
waiter: 指在饭店、旅馆等处的男服务员，女服务员为waitress。
attendant, audience, spectator
attendant: 护理人员，服务员；
audience: 参加play或concert的人；
spectator: 参加game的人
adj. 伴随的；侍候的
 - accompanied
n. 服务员，侍者；随员，陪从
 - waiter, suite

Word: elicit
Front: elicit
[iˈlɪsɪt] (六托雅宝 6680/7717 -1)
Vocabulary: elicit
(once / 1399 pages)
1v 2v
When you elicit, you're bringing out a response of some sort. A good comedian elicits a lot of laughs.
Elicit has to do with creating or provoking a response. A great speech will elicit cheers — a bad speech will elicit boos. Teachers try to elicit responses from students. If a friend smiles at you, it will probably elicit a smile of your own. In court, a lawyer might try to elicit mistakes and inconsistencies in the testimony of a witness. In all cases, whatever is elicited is some kind of response.
WORD FAMILY
elicit: elicitation, elicited, eliciting, elicits
USAGE EXAMPLES
Torture is not effective in eliciting intelligence, the general felt.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The stories elicited pushback from the industry, leading to legislative actions, including rules to require ventilation at all New York state nail salons.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
There is little to elicit either elation or revulsion.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 引出，探出; 诱出（回答等）
时态：elicited, eliciting, elicits
分布：引出(58%)，探出(30%)，诱出(12%)
→e-, 向外。-lic, 诱惑，吸引，词源同lace, delicious.
引出,得出(e出+lic+it动词后缀,如;solicit恳请)[lic=allure,表示"引诱"]
【记】e出，licit引一引出
【区】illicit（adj 违法的）
【反】evoke（v 引起）－fail to elicit（不能引起）
[ɪ'lɪs.ɪt] formal
verb transitive
■to get or produce something, especially information or a reaction 引出，探出，诱出（尤指资讯或反应）
• Have you managed to elicit a response from them yet? 你设法得到他们的回覆了吗？
• The questionnaire was intended to elicit information on eating habits. 该调查问卷旨在收集人们饮食习惯方面的资讯。
• They were able to elicit the support of the public. 他们获得了大众的支持。
vt. 抽出，引出；引起
 - premise, attract, produce, cause, operate

Word: frantic
Front: frantic
[ˈfræntɪk] (托雅宝 7445/7684 -2)
Vocabulary: frantic
(once / 458 pages)
adj
When a mother loses her child, she's frantic. She's a crazed sort of agitated and goes on a frantic search for her child. A scene is frantic if there's lots of action with little order.
Frantic is related to frenzy and both were originally ways to describe mental illness. Hundreds of years ago, if you were frantic, you were stark raving mad. Today, frantic implies fast wild movements or a desperate attempt to do something. On Christmas Eve, the scene at the mall was frantic with shoppers desperately searching for their last few gifts. And a wild party would only be called frantic if the police were called and everyone rushed to get away.
WORD FAMILY
frantic: frantically, franticly
USAGE EXAMPLES
“In the summer, it’s too frantic to do much but meet demand,” he said.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Penn State scrambled to keep its program from collapsing during one frantic week and throughout a longer court battle.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 26, 2016)
A surviving flight attendant and a pilot flying nearby also overheard the frantic pleas from the doomed airliner.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 发疯似的; 发狂的; 厉害的; 非常的
分布：疯狂的(76%)，狂乱的(22%)，急忙的(2%)
→来自frenetic的拼写变体，发狂的。
【记】源于：frenetic（adj 发狂的；狂热的n 发狂者）
US [-tˌɪk] adjective
VERY WORRIED/FRIGHTENED 非常担心／恐惧
■almost out of control because of extreme emotion, such as worry 发狂似的，情绪失控的
• Where on Earth have you been? We've been frantic with worry. 你到底去哪里了？我们都担心死了。
UK ['fræn.tɪk] US [-tˌɪk] adjective
HURRIED 匆忙的
■done or arranged in a hurry and a state of excitement or confusion 紧张忙乱的
• Share prices have soared to a new all-time high in a day of frantic trading on the stock market. 股票市场经过一天的紧张交易后，股价飙升至历史新高。
• Rescuers were engaged in a frantic all-night effort to reach the survivors before their supply of air ran out. 救援人员整个晚上都在全力奋战，要在幸存者空气耗尽之前找到他们。
adj. 狂乱的，疯狂的
 - crazy, possessed, mad

Word: chimpanzee
Front: chimpanzee
[ˌtʃɪmpænˈzi:] (托 12642/10854 -1)
Back: n. 黑猩猩
分布：黑猩猩(100%)
→来自非洲安哥拉班图语，常缩写为chimp.
[ˌtʃɪm.pæn'zi:] (informal chimp)
noun countable
■a small, very intelligent African ape with black or brown fur 黑猩猩
n. [脊椎] 黑猩猩
 - jocko, pongo

Word: equate
Front: equate
[iˈkweɪt] (六托宝 7997/7118 -1)
Vocabulary: equate
(once / 501 pages)
v
When you equate one thing with another, you say that they are both the same. You might equate indulging in a hot fudge sundae with giving up on your body entirely, but I would disagree.
To equate means to make things equal, and it’s a useful word because this is something people do all the time. They equate strong political views with fascism, they equate having lots of money with good taste, and they equate popularity with goodness. Remember, though, that just because you equate one thing with another does not mean that they really are the same! As you have no doubt noticed, equate has the Latin root equ that means "equal, level," so look there if you need a reminder as to its meaning.
WORD FAMILY
equate: equable, equatability, equated, equates, equating, equation, equator +/coequal: coequally/ equable: equablest, equably/ equal: coequal, equaled, equaling, equalise, equality, equalize, equalled, equalling, equally, equals, equate, unequal/equaled: unequaled/equalisation: equalisations/equalise: equalisation, equalised, equaliser, equalises, equalising/equalised: unequalised/equalitarian: equalitarianism/ equality: equalitarian, equalities, inequality /equalization: equalizations/equalize: equalization, equalized, equalizer, equalizes, equalizing/equalized: unequalized/equalizer: equalizers/equalled: unequalled/ equation: equations/ equator: equatorial, equators/equatorial: equatorially, equatorials/ inequality: inequalities/unequal: unequally
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I always think it’s odd if anybody equates the depiction of a city via an artistic lens with the actual city,” Brownstein said.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
HUD and other agencies equated racial disparities in loan approvals with racial discrimination, even if there were no actual complaints of racism from would-be borrowers.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
That reality is discouraging for Ashton Applewhite, an anti-ageism activist who equates plastic surgery with “a prejudice against your own future self.”
Washington Post(Nov 01, 2016)
Back: vt. 使相等; 相当于; 等同
时态：equated, equating, equates
分布：等同(93%)，使相等(5%)，同等看待(2%)
使平等(equ+ate表动词)[equ,equi=equal,even,表示"相等,平均"]
verb transitive
■to consider one thing to be the same as or equal to another thing 同等看待；使等同；使相等
• He complained that there was a tendency to equate right-wing politics with self-interest. 他抱怨说，人们往往会把右翼政见和自私自利混为一谈。
[ɪ'kweɪt] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  equate to sth
■to be the same in amount, number or size 相当于；等于
• The price of such goods in those days equates to about $50 a kilo at current prices. 那个时候这类商品的价格大概相当于现价50美元1公斤。
vt. 使相等；视为平等
 - even up

Word: interval
Front: interval
[ˈɪntəvl] (高研四六托雅 4646/2689 -K2)
Vocabulary: interval
(once / 158 pages)
n
A clock breaks time down into intervals of seconds, minutes, and hours. An interval is a distinct measure of time or the physical or temporal distance between two things.
When you are driving down the highway at 60 mph, you'll see distance markers at intervals of .1 miles. That means that every 1/10th of a mile, you will see one of these markers. Do the math and you'll see that these signs flash by you at intervals of 6 seconds. If your coach tells you to try interval training, he is telling you to do something like run for three minutes, lift weights for two, then run again for three. If he tells you do this again and again, you might want to end this interval of your life.
WORD FAMILY
interval: intervals, sub-interval
USAGE EXAMPLES
A subject wears an earpiece and a beeper sounds at random intervals.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
The lead was slim at the interval, but the momentum appeared to be firmly with the league leaders.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
“The public domain” began ritualistically, with murmuring, some vocal drones and intoned intervals.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 间隔; 幕间休息; （数学）区间
分布：间隔(98%)，休息时间(2%)
→inter-,在内，在中间，相互，-val,墙，词源同wall.原指两堵墙之间的空间，后引申词义间隔，间歇。
n.间隔,间歇;(幕间或工间)休息The external and internal interference interrupts my interpretation at short intervals.内部和外部干涉以很短的间隔打扰我翻译.
US [-tˌɚ-] noun countable
SPACE 空间
■a period between two events or times, or the space between two points 间隔；间距
• We see each other at regular intervals - usually about once a month. 我们定期见面——通常大约是每月一次。
• There's often a long interval between an author completing a book and it appearing in the shops. 从作者完成一本书到它出现在书店里常常有一段较长的间隔。
■UK (US intermission)
■a short period between the parts of a performance or a sports event （演出的）幕间休息；（体育比赛的）中间休息，中场休息
• There will be two twenty-minute intervals during the opera. 歌剧演出中有两次20分钟的幕间休息。
• He scored his first goal of the match three minutes after the interval. 下半场刚开始三分钟，他就射入了他本场比赛的第一个进球。
at intervals
■repeated after a particular period of time or a particular distance 每隔（一定时间或距离）
• In the event of fire, the alarm will sound at 15-second intervals/at intervals of 15 seconds. 发生火灾时，警报器每隔15秒鸣响一次。
UK ['ɪn.tə.vəl] US [-tˌɚ-] noun countable
MUSIC 音乐 specialized
■the amount by which one note is higher or lower than another 音程
• an interval of a 5th (= the top note four notes higher than the bottom one) 五度音程
pause, stop, break, interval, cease, recess, rest
这组词都有“中止，停止，休息”的意思，其区别是：
pause: 指短暂的中断或停止，含再进行下去的意味。
stop: 普通用词，指迅速或突然中止某行为、活动或状态。
break: 非正式用词，指突然的或短时间的中止，如工作或活动期间接短暂休息。
interval: 指一出戏在幕与幕之间，音乐会上下串场之间或演出中预先安排的休息；也可泛指事件之间的一段时间。
cease: 正式用词，侧重逐渐结呸某活动或状态，含永远结束的意味。
recess: 正式用词，指业务活动或工作中短暂的或长时间的休息。
rest: 指统称的休息。
n. 间隔；间距；幕间休息
 - separation, distance

Word: illegitimate
Front: illegitimate
[ˌɪləˈdʒɪtəmət] (托宝 11989/9724 -1)
Vocabulary: illegitimate
(once / 1734 pages)
adjn
Something illegitimate is unlawful, or improper. If you're a doctor, even a great doctor, but you were never certified by the medical board, then you're an illegitimate doctor.
Illegitimate has the root for "law" in it, and something illegitimate is outside the law or custom. A child not born to married parents is known as an illegitimate child, although so many people are making different choices about how to raise families, that the stigma is dropping away, especially if the child isn't the result of philandering (cheating). In King Lear, Edmund is mad that he's an illegitimate son, because it means he can't inherit the throne.
WORD FAMILY
illegitimate: illegitimacy, illegitimately, illegitimates+/illegitimacy: illegitimacies/ legitimacy: legitimacies/ legitimate: illegitimate, legitimacy, legitimated, legitimately, legitimates, legitimating, legitimation, legitimatise, legitimatize, legitimise, legitimize /legitimatise: legitimatised, legitimatises, legitimatising/legitimatize: legitimatized, legitimatizes, legitimatizing/legitimise: legitimised, legitimises, legitimising/ legitimize: legitimized, legitimizes, legitimizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Linhardt says his limited review determined the expense reimbursements “may be illegitimate” and need to be thoroughly investigated.
Washington Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Trump’s national security adviser considers the Islamic faith — all of it, not just the radicalized fringes — to be illegitimate and akin to a “cancer.”
Salon(Nov 27, 2016)
A showdown looms with the federal government, which considers the tribal council illegitimate.
Seattle Times(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 非婚生的，私生的; 法律不容的; （指辩论等的结论）不合逻辑的
n. 非嫡出子
分布：非法的(68%)，私生的(27%)，不合规则的(5%)
→il-,不，非，legitimate,合法的，婚生的。
不合法的;私生的(il不＋legitim[＝legis合法］＋ate→不合法的)[leg,legis=law,表示"法律"]
不合法的,私生的(il不+legitim合法)[-ate 1.表动词"做,造成"2.表形容词"具有…的"3.表名词"人或地位"]
US [-'dʒɪtˌ-] adjective
■born of parents not married to each other 非婚生的，私生的
■formal
■not legal or fair 非法的；不公的
• The rebels regard the official parliament as illegitimate. 反叛者认为官方的议会不合法。
adj. 私生的；非法的；不合理的
 - unreasonable, unlawful

Word: intricate
Front: intricate
[ˈɪntrɪkət] (研六托雅宝 7255/8539 -1)
Vocabulary: intricate
(once / 709 pages)
adj
Intricate things are complex and have many elements: they're not simple. Think of the intricate wiring of a computer's motherboard, or the intricate plot of a movie that you have a hard time following.
Anything intricate is complicated. Chess is a very intricate game that you could study your entire life and still not know everything about. On the other hand, a game like Connect Four is not very intricate. The more details and parts something has, the more intricate it is. A two-part plan isn't very intricate. A 2000-step plan is intricate; it's harder to wrap your head around.
WORD FAMILY
intricate: intricacy, intricately+/ intricacy: intricacies
USAGE EXAMPLES
A lot of intricate craft pieces, artwork, paintings.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
I’ve mentioned quite a few drivers, but transit users also provided reality checks during some intricate discussions of Metro financing, leadership and strategy.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
He etched the name “Evans” into it and carved an intricate pattern.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 错综复杂的; 难理解的; 曲折; 盘错
分布：复杂的(98%)，难懂的(2%)
→in-,进入，使，-tric,琐事，繁琐，词源同trick,extricate.即卷入琐事的，引申词义错综复杂的。
a.复杂的,错综的,难以理解的The categories of the lubricated duplicators are intricate.那些润滑过的复印机的种类错综复杂.
【记】in进入，tric计谋，ate－进入别人的计谋－脑子会错综复杂的
【参】extricate（vt 使解脱；解救）
adjective
■having a lot of small parts or details that are arranged in a complicated way and are therefore sometimes difficult to understand, solve or produce 错综复杂的；复杂精细的；难理解的；难解决的
• The watch mechanism is extremely intricate and very difficult to repair. 手表的机械结构非常复杂精密，很难修理。
• Police officers uncovered an intricate web of deceit. 警官揭开了一个错综复杂的网路骗局。
complex, complicated, sophisticated, intricate
这组词都有“复杂的”的意思，其区别是：
complex: 侧重内在关系的复杂，需通过仔细研究与了解才能掌握和运用。
complicated: 与complex的含义接近，但语气更强，着重极其复杂，很难分析、分辨或解释。
sophisticated: 侧重指事物发展到或达到高级的程度所体现出的复杂。
intricate: 着重指错综复杂，令人迷惑理解。
adj. 复杂的；错综的，缠结的
 - complicated, sophisticated, involved, detailed

Word: prolific
Front: prolific
[prəˈlɪfɪk] (托雅宝 10980/10046 -1)
Vocabulary: prolific
(once / 1748 pages)
adj
Someone or something that is prolific is fruitful or highly productive. A prolific songwriter can churn out five hit tunes before breakfast.
It is interesting to note that many of the words used to describe the adjective prolific are relayed in biological terms, such as "to give birth," "nourish," and "fertile." Other uses of the word pertain to having many ideas or an active and expressive mind, such as a "prolific writer." Clearly, people like to consider that the ideas or things that they make are in some way produced by them like flowers or fruit!
WORD FAMILY
prolific: prolificacy, prolifically
USAGE EXAMPLES
He tweets prolifically but says he rarely uses any other communications technology more advanced than the telephone.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
“She was a very prolific killer,” Debra Tate said recently.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
It’s just very intriguing the moment where this incredibly prolific artist shut it down, and why?
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. （艺术家、作家等）多产的; 众多的; 富饶的; （植物、动物等）丰硕的
分布：多产的(96%)，作品丰富的(4%)
→来自拉丁语proles,子孙，后代，-fic,产生，制造，词源同efficacy,fact.比喻用法。
多产的,多育的(pro+lif带来+ic→带来东西→多产的)[pro-①表示"向前,在前"②表示"很多…"③表示"赞同,亲..."]
多产的,多育的(prol+ific带来的→带来子孙的)[prol=offspring,表示"后代,子孙"]
多产的(prol后代+ific;参考:proliferous增殖的,多育的)[-ific表形容词"产生…的"]
【反】barren（adj 不生育的；贫瘠的）
adjective
■producing a great number or amount of something 作品丰富的；多产的
• He was probably the most prolific songwriter of his generation. 他可能是他这一代中最多产的歌曲作家。
• Rabbits and other rodents are prolific (= have a lot of babies). 兔子和其他啮齿类动物繁殖能力都很强。
adj. 多产的；丰富的
 - abundant, productive, full, luxurious

Word: pasture
Front: pasture
[ˈpɑ:stʃə(r)] (研六托雅 6330/5749 -1)
Vocabulary: pasture
(once / 354 pages)
nv
If your cattle are feeling hungry, you should let them pasture, or graze, in a grassy field known as a pasture. Pasture is both a noun and a verb associated with grazing animals.
As a noun, a pasture is a field where animals such as horses and cattle can graze, or feed. Pasture can also refer to the grasses or other plants that grow in a pasture. As a verb, pasture means "to graze" or "to release animals into a pasture for grazing." You also might hear this word used in the idiom "Put out to pasture," which means "to retire someone," usually because of old age.
WORD FAMILY
pasture: pasturage, pastured, pastures, pasturing+/pasturage: pasturages
USAGE EXAMPLES
“America is a great nation, a kind nation, a nation of greener pastures and milk and honey and endless possibilities,” Mr. Canunayon said.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Now, they raise grass-fed cattle, pastured poultry and pastured hogs.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“You’ve got a big investment in a milking parlor, people, equipment, pastures. To only use them six months a year is just not efficient.”
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 牧草地，牧场; 牲畜饲养，放牧
vt. & vi. 放牧
vi. 吃草
时态：pastured, pasturing, pastures
分布：牧场(58%)，放牧(21%)，草原(11%)，吃草(10%)
→来自拉丁语pascere,放牧，喂养，来自pa,喂食，喂养，词源同food,company.-ure,名词后缀。即放牧的地方。
n.牧草地,牧场In the past the compass could pass passion to the passive man having pastime on the pasture.在过去,指南针可以将激情传递给在牧场上消遣的被动之人
US ['pæs.tʃɚ] noun countable or uncountable
■grass or similar plants suitable for animals such as cows and sheep to eat, or an area of land covered in this 牧场
• The sheep were grazing on the lush green pastures. 羊群正在郁郁葱葱的牧场上吃草。
• Some fields are planted with crops for several years, and then returned to pasture for the cattle. 有些田地种了几年作物后又退耕还牧用来养牛了。
UK ['pɑ:s.tʃər] US ['pæs.tʃɚ] noun countable or uncountable
greener pastures (UK also pastures new) (US also new pastures)
■a new place or activity that offers new opportunities 更好的新地方；更好的职位
• Many scientists working for the government have left for greener pastures in the private sector. 许多原先为政府工作的科学家现在都到私人单位另谋高就了。
• She's giving up her job and moving on to pastures new. 她准备辞职，去找更好的工作。
UK ['pɑ:s.tʃər] US ['pæs.tʃɚ] noun countable or uncountable
put sb out to pasture informal
■to stop someone working in their job because they are too old to be useful （因某人年纪过大而）使（某人）离职，使（某人）退休
pasture, lawn, meadow
这组词都有“草地”的意思，其区别是：
pasture: 通常指放牧用的草地或牧草。
lawn: 多指公园、庭院中经常加以修剪的草坪。
meadow: 指为牲畜提供食用草，可以贮备干草的牧草地；也指野外的低草地。
n. 草地； [畜牧] 牧场；牧草
 - grass, field, lawn, meadow
vt. [畜牧] 放牧；吃草
 - grass, feed, range

Word: revel
Front: revel
[ˈrevl] (9865/11538 -1)
Vocabulary: revel
(once / 491 pages)
vn
Revel means to take great pleasure. If you revel in something, you're not just pleased or even excited; you're overwhelmed by joy.
It used to mean riotous merry-making. Now it means to bask in the self-reflected glow of your own pleasure. You revel in your victory lap after winning the race. Your brother is constantly on your case for being clumsy, so when he knocks down a table filled with glassware, you revel in it. Think of it as a high level of pleasure.
WORD FAMILY
revel: reveled, reveler, reveling, revelled, reveller, revelling, revelry, revels+/ reveler: revelers/reveller: revellers/ revelry: revelries
USAGE EXAMPLES
It features pizzicato cello and a subtle growl of organ, along with lyrics that revel in comeuppance.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Isao Takahata’s animated drama revels in memories big and small with a subtle touch that’s rare in film, animated or otherwise.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Chelew reveled in the Crescent City’s richly diverse music scene.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vi. 陶醉; 狂欢作乐; 扬扬得意
n. 狂欢，作乐; 喧闹的宴会或庆典
时态：revelled, revelling, revels
分布：狂欢(56%)，陶醉(32%)，作乐(6%)，狂欢作乐(6%)
→来自古法语 rebeller,造反，狂欢，词源同 rebel.字母 b,v 音变。
['rev.əl] (-ll- or US USUALLY -l-)
verb intransitive literary
■to dance, drink, sing, etc. at a party or in public, especially in a noisy way （尤指吵闹地）狂欢，纵酒，作乐
['rev.əl] (-ll- or US USUALLY -l-)
verb intransitive literary
  Phrasal Verbs  revel in sth
■to get great pleasure from a situation or an activity 陶醉于；沉湎于；纵情于
• She's revelling in her newly found freedom. 她纵情享受着重新找回的自由生活。
• He revelled in his role as team manager. 他从担任球队教练这个工作中获得了很大乐趣。
vi. 狂欢；陶醉
 - have a ball, whoop up
n. 狂欢；闹饮；喜庆狂欢活动
 - orgy, whoop-de-do

Word: snail
Front: snail
[sneɪl] (六 10183/8765 -1)
Back: n. 蜗牛; 慢性子
分布：蜗牛(100%)
→来自古英语 snaegl,蜗牛，来自 Proto-Germanic*snagila,蜗牛，来自 sneg,爬，蜷缩，词源 同 snake,sneak.拼写比较 rail,regulate.
noun countable
■a small creature with a soft wet body and a round shell, that moves very slowly and often eats garden plants 蜗牛
[sneɪl] noun countable
at a snail's pace
■extremely slowly 非常慢地，缓慢地
• The roads were full of traffic and we were travelling at a snail's pace for two hours. 路上全是车，我们如蜗牛爬行般行驶了两个小时。
n. [无脊椎] 蜗牛；迟钝的人
 - pachyderm, schnook

Word: swan
Front: swan
[swɒn] (研四六 11579/6666 -1)
Back: n. 天鹅; 诗人，歌手
vi. 游荡; 闲逛; 随意旅行
时态：swanned, swanning, swans
分布：天鹅(98%)，游荡(1%)，闲荡(1%)
→来自古英语 swan,天鹅，来自 Proto-Germanic*swanaz,天鹅，歌者，来自 swen,唱歌，发 出声音，词源同 sound.可能是因为传说中天鹅在临死之前会发出美妙的歌声而得名。
n.天鹅vi.闲荡,游荡The wandering band abandoned her bandaged husband on Swan Island.流浪的乐队把她那位打着绷带的丈夫遗弃在天鹅岛上.
US [swɑ:n] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a large usually white bird with a long neck that lives on rivers and lakes 天鹅
• We watched the swans glide by. 我们看到天鹅轻快地飞过。
UK [swɒn] US [swɑ:n] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition (-nn-) UK informal disapproving
■to travel, move or behave in a relaxed way for pleasure and without worrying that others may feel annoyed 漫游，游走，闲逛，悠闲地走动
• She swanned into the room, carrying a glass of wine, taking no notice of the fact that she'd kept us all waiting for hours. 她拿着一杯葡萄酒悠然走进房间，丝毫没有注意到我们已经等了她好几个小时。
• He's been swanning around the States (= travelling and not doing any work) all summer. 整个夏天他都在美国四处闲晃。
n. [鸟] 天鹅；天鹅星座
 - KONT
vi. 游荡，闲荡
 - moon, louse around

Word: sop
Front: sop
[sɒp] (宝 26443/32762)
Back: n. 用以慰藉或讨好某人的事物; 泡湿的面包片等
vt. 将（面包等）在液体中蘸或浸泡; 用海绵、布等吸起（液体等）
时态：sopped, sopping, sops
分布：吸(47%)，泡(16%)，面包片(11%)，贿赂(11%)，湿软食物(5%)，浸透(5%)，安慰物(5%)
→来 自 中 古 英 语 sop, 小 礼 物 ， 小 贿 赂 ， 来 自 古 英 语 sopa, 用 汤 汁 浸 泡 的 面 包 片 ， 来 自 Proto-Germanic*supo,汤，浓汤，来自 seue,液体，汁液，词源 soup,sup.引申词义用于安 抚的小恩小惠，小礼物，来自或受影响自古希腊神话中的女神谕 Sibyl 用汤汁浸的面包片讨
【记】源于：sip（v 吸吮）－浸泡湿润
【参】sopping（adj 浑身湿透的）
US [sɑ:p] noun countable usually singular disapproving
■something that is not important or of little value, which is offered to stop complaints or unhappiness 小恩小惠，小安慰品
• Critics see the increase in defence spending as a sop to the armed forces rather than an improvement of national security. 批评家认为国防开支的增加只是对军队的一种安抚，并不意味着国家安全的改善。
UK [sɒp] US [sɑ:p] verb (-pp-)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] sop sth up
■to absorb liquid into a piece of something solid 吸收，吸光
• It's surprising how much milk the bread sops up. 这块面包能吸收那么多牛奶，太出人意料了。
n. 面包片；湿透的东西；懦夫；小贿赂
 - chicken, molly
vt. 吸水；浸湿；贿赂
 - grease, tamper with
vi. 湿透；渗透
 - wet out, sink

Word: teem
Front: teem
[ti:m] (托雅宝 21232/18891 -1)
Vocabulary: teem
(once / 1456 pages)
v
If your neighborhood seems to teem with cats, that means there are a lot of cats running around. When something teems, it swarms or overflows with a large number of things.
Don't confuse teem with team. The two words may sound the same, but they have different meanings. Use the noun team when describing a group of people with a common goal, and turn to the verb teem for those times when you need to say that something is overflowing or crowded. Teem is almost always used with the preposition with, as when the busy streets teem with activity.
WORD FAMILY
teem: teemed, teeming, teems+/ teeming: teemingly, teemingness
USAGE EXAMPLES
By the next day, nearby creeks were teeming with oily, black waste.
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
The area that was targeted on Saturday is packed with wholesale markets and usually teeming with daily labourers unloading vans and wheeling carts around.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
In addition, Prague is teeming with Russian spies.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vi. 充满，富于; 倾注
时态：teemed, teeming, teems
分布：充满(49%)，倾泻(31%)，把……倒空(10%)，富于(10%)
→来自古英语 teman,生育，繁殖，来自 Proto-Germanic*taumjan,拉，引导，来自 deuk,拉， 引导，词源同 team,duct.引申词义充满，大量。teem 倾泻，流注
【记】team里面teem着人们。
[ti:m] (also teem down) UK
verb intransitive
■to rain heavily （雨）倾泻
• It 's been teeming down all day. 倾盆大雨下了一整天。
• It 's teeming with rain. 外面正在下倾盆大雨。
[ti:m] (also teem down) UK
verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  teem with sth
■to contain large numbers of animals or people 充满；有很多
• The mall was teeming with shoppers that Saturday. 那个周六，购物中心挤满了顾客。
vi. 大量出现；充满
 - abound with, be imbued with
vt. 倒出
 - swill

Word: upturn
Front: upturn
[ˈʌptɜ:n] (23530/14883 -1)
Vocabulary: upturn
(once / 13524 pages)
n
Use the noun upturn to describe an improvement, especially in finances or business.
If your neighborhood ice cream man is smiling, it is probably because the hot summer weather this week has caused an upturn in his popsicle business. You're likely to come across the word upturn when you're reading the newspaper or watching TV news, at least if things are looking up, financially: "There are strong signs of an economic upturn."
WORD FAMILY
upturn: upturns
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sideline grins may not exceed an upturn of more than 0.3 centimeters.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Newly hired managers often get an immediate upturn in results, even if only briefly, but there was no so-called “honeymoon period” with Bradley.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
If the upturn in the Ifo is for real, the outlook is getting brighter.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 好转; 上升趋势
vt. & vi. 翻转; （使）朝上
分布：情况好转(56%)，使 ... 向上(22%)，转朝上(22%)
(价格)上涨,转好(up+turn转→向上转→上涨)[up=up,over表示"向上"]
US [-tɝ:n] noun countable
■(especially in economics) an improvement or a change to a higher level or value （尤指经济的）好转，回升，改善
• a sharp upturn in the economy 经济陡然好转
Opposite downturn
vt. 使……转朝上；翻转
 - evert

Word: antique
Front: antique
[ænˈti:k] (高研六托雅宝 5748/6477 -3)
Vocabulary: antique
(once / 216 pages)
adjnv
An antique is an old-fashioned thing, like a lamp from the sixties. Anything antique is old or at least old-ish.
When you see the word antique, you know you're not going to hear about anything new or young. An antique is a nice, old piece of furniture, that's usually been well taken care of and costs more than something new. Shopping for antiques is called antiquing. Outside of antique shops, calling anything antique means it's out-of-date and useless — so if you wanted to be mean, you could call your grandparents antiques.
WORD FAMILY
antique: antiquate, antiqued, antiquely, antiques, antiquing, antiquity +/antiquate: antiquated, antiquates, antiquating/ antiquity: antiquities
USAGE EXAMPLES
For many people, it’s less about general antiques and more about interest in one particular collection.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The antique maps of Connecticut’s largest city that previously adorned his office are back on the walls.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The auction of legally obtained ivory antiques, under "strict supervision", will also be allowed after obtaining authorization.
Reuters(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 古老的，古代的; 过时的，古董的; 古时制造的; 古风的
n. 古玩，古董; 古风，古希腊和古罗马艺术风格
v. 仿古制作; 使显得古色古香; 寻觅古玩
时态：antiqued, antiquing, antiques
分布：古董(82%)，古老的(8%)，古代的(5%)，过时的(3%)，古物(2%)
古代的古物[anci,antiq=old,表示"古老"]
a.古式的,过时的n.有价值的古物,古董The antique is a fake.那古董是一件赝品.
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■something made in an earlier period and collected and valued because it is beautiful, rare, old or of high quality 古物；古器；古董；古玩
• You can't give away Granny's old bookcase - it's a valuable antique. 你不能把奶奶的旧书柜送人，那可是件值钱的古董啊。
• My mother collects antiques. 我母亲收藏古玩。
[æn'ti:k] adjective
 ADVANCED
■dealing in or relating to antiques 古玩的，古董的，从事古董买卖的
• an antique dealer 古玩商
• antique shops/markets/fairs/auctions 古董店／市场／交易会／拍卖
 ADVANCED
■made in an earlier period and valued for being beautiful, rare, old or of high quality 古物；古器；古董；古玩
• antique silver/jewellery/lace/furniture 古银器／珠宝／蕾丝／家俱
ancient, old, antique
这些形容词均含“古代的，古老的”之意。
ancient: 指很久以前发生或存在的事物。用于描述历史时，指远古时代。
old: 指长期以来一直存在着的事物，与times连用指古代，与days连用时指从前或旧社会。
antique: 指已经很古老或颇有古风的事物，一般都具有较高价值。
adj. 古老的，年代久远的；过时的， [古] 古董的；古风的，古式的
 - ancient, old
n. [古] 古董，古玩；古风，古希腊和古罗马艺术风格
 - curiosity, virtu

Word: apocalyptic
Front: apocalyptic
[əˌpɒkəˈlɪptɪk] (宝 12862/19884 -1)
Vocabulary: apocalyptic
(once / 6762 pages)
adj
The lyrics of a popular song from the 1980’s by the band REM go, “It’s the end of the world as we know it.” This song’s tune may be catchy but the sentiment is rather apocalyptic — since it refers to the final destruction of the world.
The base word of apocalyptic, apocalypse, means "ultimate doom." This scenario is most famously described in the Bible’s Book of Revelation, but the concept is used in reference to many extreme catastrophes. For example, the devastating conditions left behind after a hurricane or tornado has hit an area can be said to be apocalyptic. Often, this adjective is used for exaggeration, so you could also use apocalyptic to describe the bad haircut you just got.
WORD FAMILY
apocalyptic: apocalyptically+/ apocalypse: apocalypses, apocalyptic, apocalyptical
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the most apocalyptic scenario for Europe, the eurozone begins to disintegrate, followed soon afterwards by the EU itself.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Doomsday: 10 Ways the World Will End The apocalyptic series wraps its run with a double episode.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
And yet, there is nothing apocalyptic in Hurtado’s drawings, nothing that reveals fear of disaster and ultimate doom.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 天启的; 启示录的; 决定性的; 预示大灾变的
分布：启示的(82%)，预示灾祸的(18%)
【记】来自apocalypse（n 天启，启示）apo远离，cal＝call打电话。远远的打电话，比如从纽约，那一定是到了世界末日了。
【反】inconsequential（adj 不合逻辑的；无关紧要的）
US [-ˌpɑ:.kə-] adjective
■showing or describing the total destruction and end of the world, or extremely bad future events 预示大灾难的，预言世界末日的
• apocalyptic visions of a nuclear confrontation 对核对抗灾难性后果的描述
• apocalyptic warnings about our destruction of the environment 对人类破坏环境可能带来毁灭性后果所作的警示
adj. 启示录的；天启的
 - revelational

Word: zionist

Word: behemoth
Front: behemoth
[bɪˈhi:mɒθ] (13240/42472)
Vocabulary: behemoth
(once / 7828 pages)
n
You can call both a Tyrannosaurus Rex and a massive telecommunications company a behemoth. The word means something big and powerful.
Behemoth comes from the Hebrew word b'hemah meaning beast. You can use it to describe large animals or large entities that make you feel small and powerless when you have to confront them. If a behemoth of a moose charges your car, you deal with it, and then with a behemoth of an insurance company, where just finding who to talk to is nearly impossible.
WORD FAMILY
behemoth: behemoths
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I’m not a wallowing behemoth with a giant bureaucracy,” Mr. Ford said.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Despite being two-thirds the size of the black behemoth, Giacomo was a mere two hours astern of Loyal over the 628 nautical mile course.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Amazon.com’s line of voice-activated artificial intelligence devices were the stars of this holiday, the e-commerce behemoth said Tuesday.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 巨兽，庞然大物
分布：庞然大物(56%)，巨兽(40%)，异常巨大的东西(4%)
→来自希伯来语，怪物。
US [-mɑ:θ] formal
noun countable
■something that is extremely large and often extremely powerful 庞然大物；强大的事物
• a grocery chain behemoth 大型连锁食品杂货店
n. 巨兽；河马
 - monster, hippopotamus
adj. 巨大的；高大的
 - huge, tremendous, enormous, massive, macro

Word: bequeath
Front: bequeath
[bɪˈkwi:ð] (宝 16145/14409 -1)
Vocabulary: bequeath
(once / 1113 pages)
v
To bequeath is to leave your possessions to another person after you die. A man might love his classic cars but would be happy to bequeath them to his grandchildren when he writes out his last will and testament.
Bequeath often is used about making plans to give away property and possessions after a person's death: "It was strange to leave a house to a one-year-old baby, but he planned what he would bequeath in his will while he was young, and the baby would be 23 when he finally did die." Sometimes bequeath is used for things handed down without death, as when living parents and grandparents pass, or bequeath, a legacy of stories or family traits and talents as an inheritance.
WORD FAMILY
bequeath: bequeathed, bequeathing, bequeaths
USAGE EXAMPLES
This was the legacy bequeathed by Ferguson, the greatest manager in domestic football history, perhaps anywhere.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
Greenland believes that climate change will bequeath the wealth to win the ultimate political prize: full independence from Denmark.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
Regardless of the intentions of those on whom it is bequeathed, celebrity is the lieutenant of exploitation.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: vt. 将（财物等）遗赠给; 将（知识等）传给（后人）
时态：bequeathed, bequeathing, bequeaths
分布：遗留(48%)，遗赠(41%)，把传下去(11%)
→前缀be-, 强调。queath, 词源同voice, 说。此处指临终遗嘱。
遗留给,传下(be+queath要求→要求给某人→遗留给)[be-①构成动词"使…成为"②构成一些介词]
【记】be表状态，queath读：快死。处于快死的状态。一个人快死了，是不是缺que了点a什么th＝sth东西—遗赠。
formal
verb transitive + two objects
■to arrange to give money or property to others after your death 把…遗赠给
• Her father bequeathed her the family fortune in his will. 她父亲在遗嘱中写明将家产留给她。
• Picasso bequeathed most of his paintings and sculptures to Spain and France. 毕卡索将他大部分的画作和雕塑作品遗赠给西班牙和法国。
vt. 遗赠；把…遗赠给；把…传下去
 - will, hand down

Word: archaeology
Front: archaeology
[ˌɑ:kiˈɒlədʒi] (托宝 8477/7294 -2)
Vocabulary: archaeology
(once / 2737 pages)
n
If your idea of excitement is sifting dirt to find bits of pottery, chances are that you're an archaeology enthusiast. Archaeology is all about understanding the past by analyzing material culture — that is, objects shaped by human hands.
The Greek suffix -ology ("the study of") should be familiar. Consider the word biology: bios is Greek for "life," so biology is "the study of life." Arkhaios is "ancient." Thus, archaeology is "the study of ancient things." Early archaeologists tended to seek sensational finds — like Howard Carter, who found King Tut's tomb. Contemporary archaeologists are generally more concerned with reconstructing the lives of everyday people through careful analysis of mundane artifacts — like tools and feeding utensils.
WORD FAMILY
archaeology: archaeologies, archaeologist +/ archaeologist: archaeologists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some recipients plan to use funds to explore a variety of interests including cooking, artisan bread-baking, bee keeping, photography and archaeology.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
But his focus is art, not urban archaeology.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
The risks of archaeology in Iraq are generally overstated.
The Guardian(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 考古学; 古物; 古迹
分布：考古学(100%)
【参】archaic（adj 古代的）；archaism（n 古语，古体）
US [ˌɑ:r.ki'ɑ:.lə-] noun uncountable
 ADVANCED
■the study of the buildings, graves , tools and other objects which belonged to people who lived in the past, in order to learn about their culture and society 考古学

Word: feudal
Front: feudal
[ˈfju:dl] (研托 16368/8115 -1)
Vocabulary: feudal
(once / 685 pages)
adj
Anything feudal relates to the medieval system of feudalism — where the nobility owned the land while everyone else worked it. It was no fun to be a lowly serf in the feudal system.
Though it has roots in Latin, the adjective feudal (and its relative feudalism) were created by historians to describe the social system after it actually took place. Feudal may both look and sound similar to feud as in a long standing fight, but it’s not actually related — unless the argument happened to take place in medieval Europe.
WORD FAMILY
feudal: feudalism, feudalize, feudally, feudatory+/ feudalism: feudalisms, feudalistic/feudalistic: feudalistically/feudalize: feudalized/feudatory: feudatories
USAGE EXAMPLES
In Scorsese’s film, a gaunt Garfield portrays a priest grappling with a flagging faith while on a mission in 17th century feudal Japan.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
“A lot of people carry the baggage of tradition and archaic, feudal thinking because that’s the way they were socialized,” Kumari said.
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
A feudal lord’s procession is scarcely noticeable amid the snow of “Kameyama,” under a narrow strip of blue sky.
Washington Post(Nov 03, 2016)
Back: adj. 封建的; 领地的; 世仇的
分布：封建的(82%)，封地的(18%)
→来自peku, 牛。引申词义耕作，耕种，指有土地所有权的国王或庄园领主把土地封给其臣民或臣子进行耕作，以臣民或臣子上交一定的地租或提供劳务服务做为交换，类似于中国古代的分封制。该词与feud没有任何词源联系。比较其同源词fee, pecuniary.
a.封建的;封地的;领地的His grandfather used to be a feudal lord.他的祖父原来是个封建主.
adjective
■relating to the social system of Western Europe in the Middle Ages or any society that is organised according to rank 封建（制度）的
• the feudal system 封建制度
• a feudal lord/kingdom/society 封建地主／王国／社会
adj. 封建制度的；领地的；世仇的
 - feodal

Word: drugmaker
Front: drugmaker
['drʌgˌmeɪkə] (23917/-)
Back: n. 制药者
分布：制药者(100%)

Word: circular
Front: circular
[ˈsɜ:kjələ(r)] (研四六托宝 6749/4711 -2)
Back: adj. 圆形的; 环行的; 迂回的，绕行的; 供传阅的，流通的
n. 通知，通告; 印制的广告，传单
分布：圆形的(60%)，循环的(20%)，传单(12%)，通报(8%)
→来自circle,圈。
圆的;循环的(circ+ular表形容词)[circ,cycl=ring,circle,表示"圆,环"]
a.圆(形)的,环形的;循环的n.传单,通报Have you seen that circular from the new disco center?你见到那家新开的迪厅的广告了吗?
US ['sɝ:.kjʊ.lɚ] adjective
■shaped like a circle 圆形的，环形的
• a circular flowerbed/tablecloth 圆形花坛／桌布
■describes an argument which keeps returning to the same points and is not effective 循环论证的；迂回而无效的
UK ['sɜ:.kjʊ.lər] US ['sɝ:.kjʊ.lɚ] noun countable
■a letter or notice sent to a large number of people （同时发给很多人的）通知，通报，传单
• Circulars and other junk mail go straight in the bin. 传单和其他的垃圾邮件直接扔进垃圾桶。
adj. 循环的； [数] 圆形的；间接的
 - indirect, cyclic, rounded
n. 通知，传单
 - notice, advice, information

Word: forestall
Front: forestall
[fɔ:ˈstɔ:l] (托宝 16160/18655 -1)
Vocabulary: forestall
(once / 2194 pages)
v
It takes a bit of planning to forestall something, meaning stop it from happening. To forestall the effects of aging, exercise and take care of your health all your life.
You can break the word forestall into parts to figure out its meaning. The prefix fore is one you've seen in words like forewarn, which means "to warn in advance." And you probably know that stall means "delay." So to forestall is to stall in advance, or put another way, to try to prevent or put off something you don't want to happen.
WORD FAMILY
forestall: forestalled, forestalling, forestalls+/forestalling: forestallings/ stall: forestall, stalled, stalling, stalls/stalling: stallings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some historians worry that Mr. Abe’s visit to Pearl Harbor will forestall broader atonement for Japan’s wartime aggression in Asia.
New York Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Some historians worry that Abe’s visit to Pearl Harbor will forestall broader atonement for Japan’s wartime aggression in Asia.
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
But it may mean that doctors catch a serious or preventable problem early and forestall further decline.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: vt. 先发制人，预先阻止; 垄断，屯积; 领先
时态：forestalled, forestalling, forestalls
分布：占先一步(67%)，领先(33%)
→fore-,在前。stall, 停止，阻止。
阻止(fore+stall阻止)[fore-表示"前面,预先"]
预先制止(fore预先+stall→预先放上东西→制止)[stall=place,表示"放"]
【源】原指：垄断市场预先囤积、阻止正常销售从而抬高价格
【记】fore前，stall（n 货摊v 使停止；迟延）－预先阻止
【参】install（vt 安装；安置；使就职）
【反】precipitated（vt 猛抛；促成；使沉淀）；abet（vt 教唆；支持）
US [fɔ:r'stɑ:l] verb transitive
■to prevent something from happening by acting first 预先阻止；先发制人
• The government forestalled criticism by holding a public enquiry into the matter. 政府对那件事进行了一次公开调查，以避免遭受批评。
vt. 垄断；预先阻止；占先一步
 - corner, monopolize

Word: occupant
Front: occupant
[ˈɒkjəpənt] (托 8319/6400 -1)
Vocabulary: occupant
(once / 623 pages)
n
An occupant is someone who lives or stays at a place for awhile. A lot of your junk mail is addressed "To occupant" because the sender doesn't know who lives at your address.
Being an occupant means you're occupying a place. This has nothing to do with owning a house or renting an apartment; if you live there, you're an occupant. There are other occupants too, as in politics. The President is often called "the current occupant of the White House," who replaced the former occupant. That kind of occupant has as much to do with politics as living space.
WORD FAMILY
occupant: occupants+/ occupancy: occupancies/ occupation: occupational, occupations/ occupational: occupationally/ occupied: occupiedly, unoccupied/ occupier: occupiers/ occupy: occupancy, occupant, occupation, occupied, occupier, occupies, occupying, preoccupy / preoccupation: preoccupations/ preoccupied: preoccupancy, preoccupiedly/ preoccupy: preoccupation, preoccupied, preoccupies, preoccupying
USAGE EXAMPLES
Two occupants in the first house who were sleeping at the time were awakened by the loud crash, but weren’t hurt.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Police say the vehicle became nearly completely submerged and two occupants were trapped.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
State officials declined to release the name of the pilot, or say how many occupants the plane was carrying at the time of its disappearance.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 占有人; 居住者
分布：居住者(61%)，占有者(21%)，占领者(18%)
→来自occupy,占用，占据，居住。
占有者[cap,capt,cept,ceive,cip,cup=take,hold,seize,表示"拿,抓,握住"]
US ['ɑ:.kjə-] formal
noun countable
■a person who lives or works in a room or building 居住者
• The previous occupants were an Italian family. 先前的居住者是一家义大利人。
■a person who is in a car, room, seat, place or position 占有人；占用者
• One of the occupants of the car was slightly injured. 有一位乘车者受了轻伤。
n. 居住者； [法] 占有者
 - dweller, inhabitant

Word: foothold
Front: foothold
[ˈfʊthəʊld] (宝 14102/13992 -1)
Vocabulary: foothold
(once / 2073 pages)
n
A foothold is a flat or steady area on which you can put your foot when you're climbing. Part of the trick to rock climbing is learning to find good footholds.
A literal foothold is wide enough for you to fit your foot and sturdy enough to hold your weight, and a figurative foothold gives you this same sense of security, usually setting you up to make progress. For example, your first published magazine piece can give you a foothold in the field of freelance writing. This sense of foothold dates from the mid-17th century, meaning "stable ground from which to act."
WORD FAMILY
foothold: footholds
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ski mountaineering is a new sport trying to create a foothold in the state.
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Matthews helped build it up even more, becoming a local star as hockey gained a stronger foothold in the area.
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
The evacuations were set in motion last week after Syria’s opposition agreed to surrender its last footholds in eastern Aleppo.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 立足处（攀登时脚踩的地方）; （在事业等方面可以进一步发展的）稳固地位; 据点
分布：据点(44%)，立足处(34%)，根据地(22%)
US [-hoʊld] noun countable
ROCK CLIMBING 攀石
■a place such as a hole in a rock where you can put your foot safely when climbing （攀爬时的）踏脚处
UK ['fʊt.həʊld] US [-hoʊld] noun countable
STRONG POSITION 坚固的位置
■a strong first position from which further progress can be made 稳固的立足点
• We are still trying to get/gain a foothold in the Japanese market. 我们仍然力争在日本市场取得一席之地。
n. 据点；立足处
 - strong point

Word: reconstruct
Front: reconstruct
[ˌri:kənˈstrʌkt] (托 7327/7807 -1)
Vocabulary: reconstruct
(once / 855 pages)
v
If the verb to "construct" means to build something, then to reconstruct means to build it again. You can reconstruct a building, a city, or even an idea.
If a house is destroyed in a fire, earthquake, or flood, you might try to reconstruct it — or you could build a totally new one. Either way, though, you could still be said to be reconstructing your home. Some buildings were destroyed so long ago that we don't know what they really looked like. The same can be said for whole cities and cultures. Still, archeologists try to reconstruct how those cities and cultures appeared at the time that they were flourishing. Linguists reconstruct long-dead languages. Detectives try to reconstruct crimes in order to figure out who committed them.
WORD FAMILY
reconstruct: reconstructed, reconstructing, reconstruction, reconstructive, reconstructs+/ construct: constructed, constructing, construction, constructive, constructor, constructs, deconstruct, reconstruct / construction: constructions/ constructive: constructively, constructiveness, constructivism, unconstructive/constructivism: constructivist/constructivist: constructivists/constructor: constructors/ deconstruct: deconstructed, deconstructing, deconstruction, deconstructivism, deconstructs/deconstruction: deconstructionism, deconstructions/deconstructionism: deconstructionist/reconstructed: unreconstructed/ reconstruction: reconstructions/unreconstructed: unreconstructedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
That teacher reconstructed the actual test questions from students’ notes, and taught the questions in class, Street said.
Washington Times(Dec 16, 2016)
The spill occurred in March while American Civil Contractors was reconstructing U.S.
Washington Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Not even the Supreme Court could reconstruct Andersen’s business or heal the devastating trauma suffered by its partners and employees.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: vt. 重建; 重现; 改造; 复兴
时态：reconstructed, reconstructing, reconstructs
分布：重建(83%)，修复(9%)，重现(8%)
→re-,再，重新，construct,建造。
重建(re重新+construct→重新建造)[struct=build,表示"建立"]
verb transitive
■to build or create again something that has been damaged or destroyed 重建，改建，重造（被毁的事物）
• The post-war government had the enormous task of reconstructing the city. 战后的政府担负着重建该城市的艰巨任务。
■to change a system or organization completely, so that it works more effectively （为了取得效率而对系统、组织等进行）重建，重组，改组
• They were given the task of reconstructing the city's public transport system. 重建该市公交系统的任务交给了他们。
■If you reconstruct something that has happened in the past, you combine a lot of information in order to get a complete description of what happened （根据许多资讯对发生的事情）重现描述，使重现，使再现
• The police tried to reconstruct the crime using the statements of witnesses. 警方设法利用目击证人的陈述来重现犯罪过程。
vt. 重建；改造；修复；重现
 - restore, rebuild

Word: optimal
Front: optimal
[ˈɒptɪməl] (六托 7002/7434)
Vocabulary: optimal
(once / 13988 pages)
adj
Something that's optimal is the best or most favorable for a given situation. Flowers? Check. Chocolates? Check. Dinner reservation? Check. Sounds like you have the optimal conditions for a successful anniversary date.
There's an implication with optimal that certain restrictions exist in a given situation, so that what is optimal isn't necessarily the ideal scenario — it's the best one given those limitations. For example, optimal population levels for a species are not the highest levels — instead they're the best levels that a particular environment can sustain. Often the word optimum is used interchangeably with optimal.
WORD FAMILY
optimal: optimally
USAGE EXAMPLES
Don’t assume that there’s one optimal version of your life, they say, and that if you chose wrong, you’ve blown it.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
In a nutshell, it involves using diversification, and sometimes borrowed money, to find an optimal balance between risk and return.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
Achieving optimal health and wellness requires that we manage stressors as well as our response to it.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 最佳的，最优的; 最理想的
分布：最佳的(69%)，最理想的(31%)
→来自optimum,最优，最佳。
adj. 最佳的；最理想的
 - first-rank

Word: rap
Front: rap
[ræp] (研六托 5303/10521 -2)
Vocabulary: rap
(once / 551 pages)
1vn 2vn
To rap is to hit something, talk, or bust into rhymes like the Fat Boys in the rap song “Human Beat Box” (1984). That’s some old school Brooklyn rap, but you can rap to any beat you want. Hit it!
A rap is a knock or blow, like if you rap somebody upside the head as a gentle reminder to pay attention. The word rap also means, "reputation,” like if you get a bad rap at school for sleeping in class. It’s also "to talk at great length." And there’s the musical rap, the “genre that includes talking rhythmically over a beat.” This meaning comes from African American slang for, basically, "talking.”
WORD FAMILY
rap: rapped, rapper, rapping, raps+/ rapper: rappers
USAGE EXAMPLES
There are mechanisms in place, however, for people to challenge what they believe to be mistakes on their rap sheet.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
He put on a rap song and turned it up.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Two people were shot and killed and two others were wounded on Friday after a rap concert in southern Connecticut, local media reported.
Reuters(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 突然说出; （公开地）严厉批评; 突然大声说出; 连续敲叩
n. （轻快的）敲击（声）; 说唱音乐; 说唱歌; 速度快的谈话
时态：rapped, rapping, raps
分布：说唱音乐(45%)，轻敲(14%)，责骂(14%)，拍击(8%)，谈话(5%)，畅谈(5%)，最少量(3%)，厉声说出(3%)，表演说唱音乐(3%)
→拟声词，模仿敲打的声音，后引申词义说唱。
n.叩击,轻拍,斥责v.敲,拍,打,斥责,使着迷The captive captivated by the apt adaptation rapped the cavity with rapture.被灵巧的改编迷住了的被捕者着迷地敲打空腔.
noun
MUSIC 音乐
uncountable
■a type of popular music with a strong rhythm in which the words are spoken, not sung 说唱乐
• a rap artist /star 说唱乐艺人／歌星
[ræp] noun
PUNISHMENT 惩罚
countable or uncountable mainly US slang
■when someone is accused of of crime, or a punishment 指控；罪责；判刑
• He always said he was jailed on a bum rap (= false accusation). 他总说自己坐牢是冤枉的。
• The police caught him, but somehow he managed to beat the rap (= escape punishment). 员警抓住了他，但不知怎么他竟设法逃脱了罪责。
• I'm not going to take the rap for you (= be punished for something you did). 我才不会替你去背黑锅。
[ræp] noun
JUDGMENT 评判
countable US slang
■a judgment or a reaction 看法，评价；反响
• The new show got a bum/bad rap (= was severely criticized) in all the papers. 这个新的节目被各份报纸骂了个狗血喷头。
[ræp] noun
HIT 击打
countable
■a sudden short noise, especially one made by hitting a hard surface （尤指击打坚硬表面发出的）敲击（声），叩击（声）
• There was a series of raps on the window. 传来一阵敲窗户的声音。
[ræp] noun
a rap on/over the knuckles
■when you are spoken to severely or angrily because of something you have done or failed to do 严厉的批评；厉声的指责；愤怒的谴责
• I got a rap on the knuckles for not finishing my essay on time. 我因为没有按时完成论文受到了严厉的批评。
[ræp] verb (-pp-)
HIT 击打
intransitive or transitive
■to hit or say something suddenly and forcefully 敲击，急拍；突然大声说，突然厉声说
• She rapped (on)the table to get everyone's attention. 她敲了敲桌子，让大家注意。
• The colonel rapped (out) an order to his men. 上校厉声对他的士兵下命令。
transitive
■to criticize someone, especially officially （尤指正式地）批评，指责，苛责
• The headline read 'Judge raps police'. 报道的标题是“法官斥责警方”。
[ræp] verb (-pp-)
MUSIC 音乐
intransitive
■to perform rap 表演说唱乐；说唱
[ræp] verb (-pp-)
rap sb over the knuckles
■to speak officially to someone, in a severe or angry way, because you disapprove of their actions 严厉批评，厉声指责，愤怒谴责（某人）
• He was rapped over the knuckles by the management. 他受到了管理层的严厉批评。
pat, knock, rap, tap
这组词都有“敲、击”的意思，其区别是：
pat: 指用手轻拍以示同情、赞同或爱抚。
knock: 指用拳头或其它器械猛敲或猛打；也指用手轻敲某物。
rap: 指用手指或木棒等快速地轻敲或急拍。
tap: 多指慢慢地连续地轻击或轻拍。
vt. 抢走；轻敲；敲击致使；使着迷
 - tap, reave
vi. 敲击；交谈
 - strike, knock on
n. 轻敲
 - bob, peening

Word: roundabout
Front: roundabout
[ˈraʊndəbaʊt] (高研六宝 21821/7908 -1)
Vocabulary: roundabout
(once / 2821 pages)
1nadj 2n
A roundabout is an intersection that uses a circular junction instead of stoplights or stop signs to manage traffic flow. Instead of every car stopping, they enter the roundabout slowly, and traffic moves almost continuously.
In the UK, an amusement park ride that moves in a circle, like a carousel, is also a roundabout, but in North America this noun almost always means what's sometimes called a "traffic circle" or a "rotary." As an adjective, roundabout describes things that aren't straightforward, but are indirect or unclear: "After his roundabout confession, I'm not even sure he realizes what he did wrong."
WORD FAMILY
roundabout: roundabouts
USAGE EXAMPLES
Likewise, the roundabout at Range and Griswold roads opened - and worked exactly as intended.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
In a roundabout way, their work influenced Mr. Lewis’s career.
New York Times(Dec 03, 2016)
A statue on a nearby roundabout shows him pulling back his bow and arrow, with neat white and green brushstrokes of colour on his cheeks.
The Guardian(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 绕道; 环形交通枢纽; 旋转木马
adj. 绕圈子的; 不直截了当的; 间接的，迂回的
分布：迂回的(58%)，环形交叉路口(21%)，绕道的(14%)，紧身短上衣(7%)
a.迂回的,转弯抹角的n.环状交叉路口Abundance doesn't mean redundance. The hound found a profound book on the roundabout.充裕并不意味多余.猎犬在旋转木马上找到一本深奥的书.
【记】源于：round转圈，about
noun countable
ON ROAD 路口上
 ADVANCED UK (US traffic circle)
■a place where three or more roads join and traffic must go around a circular area in the middle, rather than straight across 环岛；环形交叉路口
['raʊnd.ə.baʊt] noun countable
PLAY EQUIPMENT 游乐设备 UK (US merry-go-round)
■a flat round piece of equipment in play areas on which children sit or stand and are pushed round and round （游乐区的）旋转平台，旋转椅
■UK
■a merry-go-round (= machine with animals or vehicles for children to ride at a fair) （儿童乐园的）旋转木马
['raʊnd.ə.baʊt] adjective
■not in a simple, direct or quick way 转弯抹角的；绕弯子的；不直接的
• We took a roundabout route to avoid the accident. 为了避开那起事故的事发现场，我们绕道而行。
• He asked me, in a roundabout way , if he could have a salary increase. 他转弯抹角地问我是否可以给他加薪。
adj. 迂回的，绕道的；圆滚滚的
 - indirect, derious

Word: redundancy
Front: redundancy
[rɪˈdʌndənsi] (研宝 16763/3877 -2)
Vocabulary: redundancy
(once / 7346 pages)
1n 2n
Use the noun redundancy to refer to something that's needlessly repeated. As much as you hate the redundancy of math drills, you have to admit that repetition is how you learned to multiply in the first place.
The noun redundancy can also refer to something that is unneeded, or extra. If you own a circus and you want to keep costs down by eliminating redundancy, you may decide you only need two clowns, rather than the whole carload of clowns you planned on. Redundancy comes from the Latin word redundare, meaning to surge, or literally to overflow.
WORD FAMILY
redundancy: redundancies+/redundance: redundances/ redundant: redundance, redundancy, redundantly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Shops risk redundancy as consumers turn to e-commerce.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
That’s because it coordinates funding for science across government agencies, and is the main entity looking for redundancies and gaps in those portfolios.
Nature(Dec 07, 2016)
Last month up to 500 more redundancies were confirmed, bringing the total number over two years to 2,000.
The Guardian(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 过多，过剩; 冗长; 裁员; （机器的）多余度
分布：冗余(84%)，裁员(13%)，备份(2%)，多余信息(1%)
过剩,多余(red再+un波浪+ancy...波浪再回...多余)[-ancy=ance,表示"性质,状况"]
noun
NOT EMPLOYED 不被雇用
 ADVANCED countable or uncountable UK (Australian also retrenchment)
■the situation when someone loses their job because their employer does not need them 失业；被解雇；被裁减
• The economic downturn has meant 10 000 redundancies in the North-East. 由于经济衰退，东北地区有一万人失业。
• She took voluntary redundancy. 她选择了自愿裁汰。
[rɪ'dʌn.dənt.si] noun
EXTRA 额外的
uncountable
■when something is unnecessary because it is more than is needed （尤指词、短语等）多余的，不需要的，累赘的，啰唆的
n. [计] [数] 冗余（等于redundance）；裁员；人浮于事
 - layoffs, excessiveness

Word: southwest
Front: southwest
[ˌsaʊθ'west] (高研四六 3564/15280)
Back: n. 西南，西南方，; 西南部
adv. 向西南
adj. 西南的，西南部的
分布：西南(85%)，西南地区(7%)，西南的(5%)，往西南(1%)，来自西南(1%)，西南风(1%)
n./a.西南(的),西南部(的)The bird nests only in northeast, northwest, southeast and southwest lest it be found.此鸟只在东北,西北,东南和西南筑巢,以免被发现.
[ˌsaʊθ'west] (written abbreviation SW)
noun uncountable
 IMPROVER
■the direction which is between south and west 西南，西南方
the Southwest
■the area in the southwest of Britain or of another country （英国或其他国家的）西南部
• There will be rain in the Southwest. 西南部将会有雨。
[ˌsaʊθ'west] (written abbreviation SW)
adjective adverb
■in or towards the southwest 西南（的），在西南（的）；朝西南（的）
• I come from the southwest part of the island. 我来自那个岛的西南部。
• They moved southwest in an attempt to find better land. 他们搬到了西南部，希望能找到更好的土地。
southwest wind
■a wind that comes from the southwest 西南风

Word: accomplishment
Front: accomplishment
[əˈkʌmplɪʃmənt] (六托 4308/13752 -1)
Vocabulary: accomplishment
(once / 438 pages)
n
An accomplishment is something notable that you've done. Graduating from college with honors is an accomplishment.
First used in the 15th century, the noun accomplishment derives from the Old French word acomplir, meaning "to fulfill, fill up, complete." An accomplishment is something you've completed successfully. The word often refers to a goal that you've achieved. If you're a runner, you'd consider completing a marathon to be a great accomplishment. Gaining a new skill can also be an accomplishment. Speaking French fluently might be an accomplishment that makes you really proud.
WORD FAMILY
accomplishment: accomplishments, nonaccomplishment+/ accomplish: accomplishable, accomplished, accomplishes, accomplishing, accomplishment
USAGE EXAMPLES
Seven living generations in one family is a Guinness Book of World Records accomplishment.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
When you finally defeat that boss or clear that area, you’re overcome with an overwhelming sense of accomplishment.
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
Williams spoke in the locker room about seeing lots more he needs to work on, and is far from satisfied with his accomplishments so far.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 成就; 完成; 技能; 履行
分布：成就(77%)，完成(23%)
US [-'kɑ:m-] noun
countable
■something that is successful, or that is achieved after a lot of work or effort 成就；成绩
• Getting the two leaders to sign a peace treaty was his greatest accomplishment. 他最大的成就是促成了两位领导人签署和平协议。
uncountable
■the finishing of something 完成；实现
• We celebrated the successful accomplishment of our task. 我们庆祝圆满完成任务。
countable
■a skill 造诣；技能；才华
• Cordon-bleu cookery is just one of her many accomplishments. 她多才多艺，一流的烹饪手艺仅仅是她的绝学之一。
n. 成就；完成；技艺，技能
 - achievement, effort, completion, success, execution

Word: vineyard
Front: vineyard
[ˈvɪnjəd] (9897/9056 -2)
Vocabulary: vineyard
(once / 778 pages)
n
If you dream of one day growing grapes and making wine in the South of France, you hope to work at a vineyard, another name for a farm where wine grapes are grown.
The French tradition of wine making is what led English speakers to adopt a French term for "grape plantation," although in South Africa it is called a "wine farm." Around 1300, the Old English term wingeard was replaced with the word vineyard. The trickiest thing about the word is its pronunciation — the first syllable doesn't actually sound like "vine," but instead is pronounced "vin."
WORD FAMILY
vineyard: vineyards
USAGE EXAMPLES
The flock worked the vineyards by day, largely hidden from wine-tasting visitors.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Lounging on beaches, hiking through vineyards and sampling some great wines await the adventurous traveler.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
He is a seasonnaire for Jack Wills, working as brand ambassadors while living for the summer on Martha’s Vineyard and Nantucket, in Massachusetts.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 葡萄园; 工作场所; 苦心经营的地方
分布：葡萄园(98%)，酿酒庄园(2%)
US [-jɚd] noun countable
■a piece of land on which vines (= plants which produce grapes) are grown 葡萄园
n. 葡萄园
 - domaine, grapery

Word: chide
Front: chide
[tʃaɪd] (托宝 13377/15644 -1)
Vocabulary: chide
(once / 1488 pages)
v
To chide someone is to ride them or get on their case, without really getting in their face.
People have been nagging since well before the 12th century, when the word chide came along as a new way to say "complain" or "rail." If you want to remind someone of a flaw they have or an error they keep repeating, you might chide them with sarcasm, humor, or some seriousness. Where a sharp elbow in the ribs lets you know "Stop it, right now!," a chide is more like a gentle elbow in the belly, saying "Come on, you're late; did you forget your watch again?"
WORD FAMILY
chide: chid, chidden, chided, chides, chiding+/chiding: chidings
USAGE EXAMPLES
In one case, he was chided for spending $127,000 in public funds for a special sleeping cabin on a flight to London.
Time(Jan 02, 2017)
In the final minute, Kennedy senior Jomaite Tavarez threw a lazy inbound pass and promptly received an audible chiding from Nelson.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
He faces a Legislature with the same Republican regulars he chided during the campaign.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: vt. 责骂，斥责; 责备
v. 呵叱，责骂; 责备; （风，猎犬等）怒号，咆哮
时态：chided, chiding, chides
分布：斥责(59%)，指责(41%)
→词源不详。可能来自词根cid, 砍，劈，挥舞，词源同decide, excise.
【记】chide＝child小孩：需要温柔的责备，不然该吓坏了。
【反】praise（vt 赞扬）
[tʃaɪd] formal
verb transitive
■to speak to someone severely because they have behaved badly 责骂，呵斥，训斥
• She chided him for his bad manners. 她训斥他没有礼貌。
vt. 责骂；斥责
 - rate, tongue
vi. 斥责；责骂
 - rate, hop on

Word: bulwark
Front: bulwark
[ˈbʊlwək] (18990/18948)
Vocabulary: bulwark
(once / 1142 pages)
nv
A bulwark is a wall built for protection or defense. If you and your pals build a secret fort for girls only, you might want to build a bulwark to surround it — with a "No Boys Allowed" sign posted prominently.
A seawall that runs perpendicular to the shore is sometimes called a bulwark, because it defends the beach, not against invaders, but against beach erosion. Although the noun bulwark can refer to any fortified wall, it often specifically refers to an earthen wall, like a rampart. As a verb, bulwark means to fortify with a wall or to provide protection: "The volunteers used sandbags to bulwark the levee in an attempt to prevent the flooded river from overflowing its banks."
WORD FAMILY
bulwark: bulwarked, bulwarking, bulwarks
USAGE EXAMPLES
The neighborhood’s most ramshackle buildings are bulwarks against gentrification because they contain some of Seattle’s least-expensive market-rate units, he says.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Bulwarked in gear, we lumber toward our sleds.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Democratic states and cities will be bulwarks against the worst incursions of a Trump presidency.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 堡垒; 保障; 支柱; 舷墙
vt. 筑垒保卫; 保护，使安全
时态：bulwarked, bulwarking, bulwarks
分布：壁垒(56%)，保障(28%)，防波堤(13%)，用堡垒防护(3%)
→来自荷兰语。bul, 同bole, 树干。wark, 同work, 工作。原指对船只所做的加固和防御工作。后指堡垒。衍生单词boulevard, 大道。
【记】1）bul＝bole[板条，厚板]，wark工作－用厚板工作－堡垒2）bul＝bull公牛，wark工作。防止公牛的工作－作堡垒
US [-wɚk] noun countable formal
■something that protects you from dangerous or unpleasant situations 保障
• My savings were to be a bulwark against unemployment. 我的积蓄将是我失业时的保障。
n. 壁垒；保障； [水运] 防波堤
 - vallum, mole
vt. 保护；筑垒保卫
 - secure, preserve, shelter

Word: conceivably
Front: conceivably
[kən'si:vəblɪ] (11991/11846)
Vocabulary: conceivably
(once / 4102 pages)
adv
Use the adverb conceivably when you're talking about something that is believable or possible. You could say, for example, that you'll conceivably still be on time to work after oversleeping, especially if you skip breakfast.
You might tell your sister that you could conceivably go on every single ride at the state fair in an hour, if you move quickly and don't stop to eat fried dough. You could also say that your favorite baseball team might conceivably win the World Series next year. Conceivably comes from its adjective form, conceivable, and both words are rooted in the Latin concipere, which means "take in, hold, or grasp" and also "become pregnant."
WORD FAMILY
conceivable: conceivability, conceivableness, conceivably, inconceivable +/ conceive: conceivable, conceived, conceiver, conceives, conceiving, conceptive, misconceive, preconceive/conceived: ill-conceived /conceiver: conceivers/ concept: conceive, conception, concepts, conceptual, conceptualize / conception: conceptional, conceptions/ conceptual: conceptualise, conceptualism, conceptuality, conceptually/conceptualise: conceptualisation/conceptualism: conceptualistic/conceptualization: conceptualizations/ conceptualize: conceptualization, conceptualized, conceptualizes, conceptualizing/inconceivability: inconceivabilities/ inconceivable: inconceivability, inconceivableness, inconceivably/misconceive: misconceived, misconceives, misconceiving, misconception / misconception: misconceptions/preconceive: preconceived, preconceives, preconception/preconception: preconceptions
USAGE EXAMPLES
The seven-decade story is about what we might conceivably expect or want from it.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
“He was not performing any duty that is conceivably within the scope of his duties,” he said.
Seattle Times(Dec 04, 2016)
And yet few of those whose lives are altered by whatever was signed could conceivably trace their circumstances to that event.
New York Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: adv. 令人信服地
分布：可想到地(50%)，想象中(50%)
ADJ
可想到的;可想象的;可以相信的
If something is conceivable, you can imagine it or believe it.
例：Without their support the project would not have been conceivable...如果没有他们的支持，这个项目根本就不可想象。
例：It is just conceivable that a single survivor might be found...或许能找到一个幸存者，这不是没有可能。
adv. 令人信服地；可相信地；想得到地
 - convincingly, persuasively

Word: dame

Word: dearth
Front: dearth
[dɜ:θ] (雅宝 14013/18535)
Vocabulary: dearth
(once / 3059 pages)
n
If there is a dearth of something, there is not enough of it. A dearth of cupcakes is unfortunate, but a dearth of nutritious food is a serious problem.
Dearth is an Old English noun formed from the adjective deore, "precious, costly," and the noun-forming suffix -th. Though the relationship of dearth meaning "lack, insufficient amount" to the adjective dear is not so obvious, it is still easy to imagine that something precious is probably also in short supply. Dearth is used almost exclusively in the phrase "a dearth of."
WORD FAMILY
dearth: dearths
USAGE EXAMPLES
There seems to be a dearth of people with consumer experience in the Washington, D.C. region, though I think that is changing a bit.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
There’s an irreverence to it that there’s an absolute dearth of on, say, Instagram.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
The dearth of homes for sale is frustrating buyers.
Washington Post(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. 缺乏，稀少
分布：缺乏(93%)，粮食不足(7%)
→来自dear, 贵重，珍贵。
【记】d底，earth：住在地底下，可能不缺石油和煤，但是坑定肯定缺食物。Dear亲爱的th死了－缺乏；短缺老婆，老公
【反】glut（v /n 充斥）；plethora（n 过剩；多血症）；plenitude（n 充分）spate（n 大水）；copious（adj 很多的；丰富的）
US [dɝ:θ] formal
noun only singular
■an amount or supply which is not large enough; a lack 不足，缺乏，缺少
• a dearth of new homes in the region 该地区新住宅的短缺
n. 缺乏；饥馑；粮食不足
 - shortage, deficiency, short of, need, drought

Word: fin
Front: fin
[fɪn] (8333/8226 -2)
Vocabulary: fin
(once / 1031 pages)
1nv 2n 3n 4n
A fin is the part of a fish's body that protrudes into the water and helps it balance and move in various directions. Sharks use their dorsal fins to stabilize their bodies as they propel through the water.
Fish, whales, dolphins, and other aquatic animals have fins on various parts of their bodies. Surfboards often have a rear fin that works in a similar way, helping to keep the board steady and aid in making turns. Ships, cars, and aircraft also have fins that assist with balance. In Old English, it was finn, which probably comes from the Latin pinna, "feather or wing."
WORD FAMILY
fin: finable, finned, finning, fins
USAGE EXAMPLES
A gene involved in the development of pelvic fins in other fish and of legs in humans was absent in sea horses.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
A type of octopus without fins, it crawls along the seafloor.
BBC(Dec 19, 2016)
Striped bass are good on Spoiler Shads, Pirk Minnows, and Red Fins in the lower end of the lake.
Washington Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 鱼鳍; 鳍状物; （汽车、飞机、炸弹上的）尾翅; 散热片
vt. 给…装上翅片; 切除鳍
vi. 潜泳; （猛烈地）拍动（鳍）
时态：finned, finning, fins
分布：鳍(72%)，鱼翅(17%)，散热片(6%)，鳍状物(4%)，五元纸币(1%)
→来自拉丁语pinna,羽毛，翅膀，词源同pen. 该词用来指鱼鳍。
noun countable
■a thin vertical part sticking out of the body of especially a fish or an aircraft which helps balance and movement 鳍；（飞机的）翼（片）；鳍状物
• We could see the fin of a shark as it slowly circled our boat. 一条鲨鱼绕着我们的船缓缓转圈，我们都看到它的鳍。
• a fish's dorsal fin 鱼的背鳍
• The aircraft has a long tail fin. 这架飞机的尾翼很长。
n. [鱼] 鳍；鱼翅；鳍状物
 - fim, pterygium

Word: hockey
Front: hockey
[ˈhɒki] (4349/8164 -2)
Vocabulary: hockey
(once / 1216 pages)
n
Hockey is short for ice hockey or field hockey, but it usually refers to ice hockey, the sport where people skate on ice and use big hockey sticks to whack a puck into a goal.
For ice hockey, players wear protective gear and helmets. A flat puck is knocked across the ice with long, paddle-shaped sticks. Field hockey is similar, though there is less contact between players, and a ball, instead of a puck, is smacked with sticks. The origin of hockey is slightly unclear, although it may stem from the Middle French hoquet, "shepherd's staff," which resembles a hockey stick.
WORD FAMILY
hockey: hockeys
USAGE EXAMPLES
The school calls the gym the Lions’ Den, but many visitors call it the Dungeon and liken playing there to playing hockey inside a box.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
What better way to get a year-long party started than outdoors in the city many consider hockey's biggest market.
Reuters(Jan 01, 2017)
As in hockey, players entered and exited in shifts.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 曲棍球; 冰球
分布：曲棍球(100%)
→词源不详，可能来自hook,钩子，因这种球钩状的球杆而得名。
US ['hɑ:.ki] noun uncountable
 ADVANCED UK (US field hockey)
■a game played on a sports field between two teams of eleven players who each have a curved stick with which they try to put a small hard ball into the other team's goal 曲棍球运动
 ADVANCED US for * ice hockey
n. 曲棍球；冰球
 - puck

Word: freshly
Front: freshly
[ˈfreʃli] (托 5346/7164 -K)
Back: adv. 新近，刚才; 精神饱满地; 气息清新地
分布：新近(63%)，刚才(37%)
adverb
■recently done 刚刚；新近
• freshly baked bread 刚烤好的面包
• freshly made sandwiches 新做的三明治
• freshly washed hair 刚洗过的头发
adv. 新近；精神饱满地
 - recently, new

Word: sloppy
Front: sloppy
[ˈslɒpi] (托宝 9466/13825 -1)
Back: adj. 懒散的，草率的; 稀薄的; 多雨的，泥泞的; 过于伤感的
级别：sloppier, sloppiest
分布：草率的(40%)，肥大的(28%)，稀薄的(15%)，潦草的(12%)，庸俗感伤的(5%)
→slop,泥浆，-y,形容词后缀。引申比喻义马虎的，草率的。
【记】slop（v 溅；n 泥汤），py－溅一身泥汤－邋遢snoppy特别sloppy
【反】natty（adj 整洁的）
US ['slɑ:.pi] adjective
TOO WET 过湿的 informal disapproving
■(of a substance) more liquid than it should be, often in a way that is unpleasant 过稀的
• The batter was a bit sloppy so I added some more flour. 面糊有点稀，于是我又加进了一些面粉。
UK ['slɒp.i] US ['slɑ:.pi] adjective
LACKING CARE 缺乏关照的 disapproving
■not taking care or making an effort 草率的，马虎的
• Spelling mistakes always look sloppy in a formal letter. 在正式信函中出现拼写错误总让人感觉写信者草率马虎。
• Another sloppy pass like that might lose them the whole match. 再出现一次那样的草率传球，可能会使他们输掉整场比赛。
■describes clothes which are large, loose and often untidy （衣服）宽大的，松松垮垮的
• At home I tend to wear big sloppy jumpers and jeans. 在家里，我一般穿宽松的套衫和牛仔裤。
UK ['slɒp.i] US ['slɑ:.pi] adjective
EMOTIONAL 感情的 informal disapproving
■expressing feelings of love in a way that is silly or embarrassing 庸俗伤感的
• a sloppy love song 庸俗伤感的情歌
adj. 草率的；粗心的；泥泞的；肥大的；稀薄的
 - brief, rare, thin, subtle, careless

Word: nun
Front: nun
[nʌn] (六 5688/5745 -2)
Vocabulary: nun
(once / 455 pages)
1n 2n 3n
A nun is a woman who's dedicated her life to religious observance. Most nuns spend their time praying or meditating and doing service work in their communities.
You may picture a Catholic nun when you hear the word nun, but there are nuns of other faiths as well, including Hindus, Lutherans, Jains, and Buddhists. Nuns serve the poor and hungry, sometimes running schools or orphanages, and they have in common a strict dedication to religion. Nun comes from the Old English nunne, and the Late Latin nonna, "nun," originally a generic word for addressing an older person.
WORD FAMILY
nun: nunnery, nuns+/nunnery: nunneries
USAGE EXAMPLES
The five nuns — four of whom are white — range in age from 50 to 75.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
She played “The Singing Nun,” for heaven’s sake.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The Vatican requires at least three nuns to train novices to become nuns, prompting the decision to shut the abbey down.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 修女，尼姑
分布：修女(71%)，尼姑(29%)
→来自拉丁语nonna,修女，家庭老师，来自nanny,祖母，姥姥。原为对年长女性的尊称，后用于指献身宗教生活的女性，即尼姑，修女等。
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a member of a female religious group which lives in a convent 修女
• a convent school run by Catholic nuns 天主教修女开办的女修道院学校
n. 修女，尼姑
 - sister, religious

Word: laureate
Front: laureate
[ˈlɒriət] (15182/23153)
Back: n. 资金[荣誉]获得者
分布：桂冠诗人(82%)，得奖人(18%)
→来自laurel,月桂树，象征着胜利，后用作最优秀的诗人的荣誉。
US ['lɑ:r-] noun countable
■a person who has been given a very high honour because of their ability in a subject of study （在某研究领域）获得桂冠的人，获得殊荣的人
• a Nobel laureate 诺贝尔奖得奖者
adj. 戴桂冠的；荣誉的
 - honourable
n. 桂冠诗人；得奖者
 - Poet Laureate